text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 20, 1998
|Filing date
|Mar 22, 1995
|Priority date
|Mar 22, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ki Choong Hong, Suzanne Griston
|Original Assignee
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (7), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
a=a1+a2*ln(LVFin *Vin)+a3*(LVFin *Vin)0.5
b=b1+b2*(LVFin *Vin)+b3*ln(LVFin *Vin)+b4*(LVFin *Vin)0.5
a1=0.2088; a2=-0.2541; a3=0.3928;
b1=-3.0662; b2=-0.4052; b3=-1.0381; b4=2.7228;
LVFarm =a*LVFin *(Varm /Vin)b
xarm ={1+(LVFarm *νg)/ (1-LVFarm)*-- νL !}-1
Varm =Wg *νg /Ac.
Wg =857.9 d2 (1-0.0423/d)*(P1 /-- νg)0.5
Varm =Wg *νg/A c.
a=a1+a2*ln(LVFin *Vin)+a3*(LVFin *Vin)0.5
b=b1+b2*(LVFin *Vin)+b3*ln(LVFin *Vin)+b4*(LVFin *Vin)0.5
LVFarm =a*LVFin *(Varm /Vin)b
xarm ={1+(LVFarm *νg)/ (1-LVFarm)*-- νL !}-1
a1=0.2088; a2=-0.2541; a3=0.3928;
b1=-3.0662; b2=-0.4052; b3=-1.0381; and b4=2.7228.
Varm =Wg *νg /Ac.
Wg =857.9 d2 (1-0.0423/d)*(P1 /-- νg)0.5
Varm =Wg +νg /Ac.
The present invention relates to the distribution of two-phase fluids (e.g., gas-liquid, wet steam) in piping networks. One application of the invention is the prediction of two-phase steam flow splitting in oil field piping networks and nuclear power plant cooling systems for controlling the amount of heat injected into the reservoir or cooling applied to the power plant. Mother application of the invention is the prediction of two-phase flow splitting of gas-condensate in natural gas distribution networks. In both of these applications, one needs to know the amounts of liquid and vapor distributed along each branch of a piping network to optimize heat and/or mass distribution by placement of normal and/or modified impacting tees or other mechanical devices.
In the petroleum industry, for example, steam flooding involves the injection of heat into a reservoir using two-phase steam. Effective management of steamflood projects requires controlling the amount of heat injected into the petroleum reservoir. Steam of a sufficient quality (or vapor mass fraction) must be supplied to injection wells at sufficient rates to distribute heat and mass uniformly throughout the steam flood area to maximize reservoir volumetric sweep and displacement efficiency of the hydrocarbon reservoir. Since the mechanisms by which the vapor and liquid phases displace hydrocarbons in a reservoir differ, it is also important to maintain optimum steam quality entering the reservoir. This requires the delivery of steam at a predetermined quality to a given injection wellhead at a predetermined rate. Different mechanical devices and process variations can be used to deliver the proper steam quality.
Oil field steam distribution networks are designed to deliver specified amounts of steam to each injection well. Two-phase steam, consisting of vapor and liquid phases, is generated by pumping pressurized, filtered water through a conventional single-pass oil- or gas-fired boiler unit or through a gas-fired heat recovery unit of a cogeneration system. The quality of the steam is controlled adjusting the amount of oil or gas supplied to the boiler (or generator) for a given feedwater rate. Generator steam quality and pressure are monitored on a daily basis to ensure that the desired steam output conditions are maintained. In some cases, a computerized process control system is used to automatically adjust generator operating conditions to maintain preset steam output conditions. The generated steam is then distributed to individual wells through a piping network. Critical flow chokes are used to control rates to each injection well. Impacting (or dead-end) tees are used at pipe branches in an attempt to achieve uniform (or equal) quality distribution of steam to each well.
Unfortunately, wellhead quality and rate measurements collected in various steam flood projects indicate that uneven quality (or vapor mass fraction) splits often occur whenever the mass flow rate splits deviate from a 50%-50% split at the exit branches of the pipe tee. Individual wells thus receive non-uniform or uneven and unknown (or unpredictable) distributions of the steam liquid and vapor phase distributions. Uneven liquid and vapor phase distributions result in poor displacement efficiency and volumetric sweep of the reservoir while unknown liquid and vapor phase distributions (e.g., unknown quality and rate distribution) leads to poor reservoir heat management and increased operating expenses. Therefore, it is important to develop a method to accurately predict the steam qualities split to the exit branches of an impacting tee so that adjustments can be made in the system.
The two-phase flow splitting behavior at tee junctions has been studied by many investigators. However, very limited flow splitting data is available for impacting tees. The majority of these studies have involved laboratory air-water experiments. Only one impacting tee study has been conducted using two-phase steam. One study reported results from laboratory air-water experiments for flow splitting at side-arm and impacting (dead-end) tee configurations. The results of the impacting tee tests indicated that the percentage of water split to each exit branch (or arm) of the tee was equal to the corresponding percentage of air split to each branch provided that the air split ratio does not exceed 5:1 (85%-15% split or 15%-85% split).
As a result of this study, impacting pipe tees have been used widely in California's steam flood projects. However, recent wellhead steam flow rate and quality measurements, using pressurized vessels to separate and meter the liquid and vapor phases, indicate that uneven quality splits commonly occur as a result of uneven vapor flow rate splits. Consequently, wellhead steam qualities were found to vary from 20% to 90%. The main reason for the discrepancy between the field data and the laboratory findings is that the air-water tests were run for a single set of inlet flow conditions: air velocity equal to 90 ft/sec and liquid volume fraction equal to 0.009. Steam conditions at injectors in a typical steamflood area can vary from 500 to 1000 psia pressure, 1,454 to 14,540 lbm/hr rate, and 20% to 90% quality. These conditions result in vapor velocities ranging from 5 to 70 ft/sec and liquid volume fractions ranging from 0.01 to 0.15 entering the pipe tee.
More recent studies involving air-water or wet-steam flow through impacting tees also showed that uneven quality splits occur when the vapor flow rate split to each branch deviates from a 50%-50% split. Results from these studies additionally showed that the tee branch with the lower vapor flow rate also received the lower steam quality (i.e., higher liquid volume fraction). Empirical correlation equations to predict the qualifies of split streams at impacting tees have been described in Azzopardi et al, ("Annular Two-Phase Flow Split at an Impacting T," Int. I. Multiphase Flow, Vol. 13 No. 5, 1987, pp 605-614) and Chien and Rubel ("Phase Splitting of Wet Steam in Annular Flow through a Horizontal Impacting Tee," SPE Production Engineering, November 1992, pp 368-374.)
Azzopardi et al. conducted air-water tests for 3.18 cm (11/4 inch) diameter horizontal and vertical impacting tee configurations. The mass flow rate entering the tee junction ranged from 33 to 775 lbm/hr, the vapor mass fraction entering the tee ranged from 0.21 to 0.58 and the pressure was maintained at 24.7 psia. These conditions resulted in air velocities ranging from 32 ft/sec to 71 ft/sec and liquid volume fractions ranging from 0.0015 to 0.008 entering the tee junction. The range of vapor velocities achieved in the air-water tests are representative of those found in actual field distribution systems; however, the liquid volume fractions are much lower than those in steam distribution systems, which typically range from 0.01 to 0.15. A phenomenological model was derived for the split of annular two-phase flow at an impacting tee. Comparison of predicted versus measured liquid fraction splits were in good agreement over the range of inlet air velocities for inlet liquid volume fraction below 0.002. However, predicted liquid splits varied significantly from measured liquid splits for inlet liquid volume fractions above 0.002.
Chien and Rubel conducted field-scale experiments for wet steam flowing through a two-inch diameter impacting tee. The steam conditions entering the tee ranged from 400 to 600 psig pressure, 3,500 to 30,000 lbm/hr rate and 20% to 80% quality (0.2 to 0.8 vapor mass fraction). These conditions resulted in inlet vapor velocities ranging from 40 ft/sec to 130 ft/sec. In practice, piping networks are designed to attain vapor (or gas) velocities below 70 ft/sec to avoid excessive frictional pressure loss. The percentage of vapor-phase split to a given exit branch or arm ranged from 20% to 50% (i.e., 20%-80% to 50%-50% vapor-phase splits). The resulting flow split data was used to develop two sets of correlation equations to predict steam qualities exiting the tee; one correlation predicts qualities for the arm receiving 20% to 50% of the vapor flow and another correlation predicts qualities for the arm receiving 50% to 80% of the vapor flow.
More specifically, the correlation equations developed by Chien and Rubel predict the ratio of quality exiting an arm to the quality entering the tee as a function of the ratio of mass flow exiting the arm to the total mass flow entering the tee. Unfortunately, a plot of predicted quality ratios versus measured quality ratios reported by Chien and Rubel shows considerable scatter over their range of test conditions. In addition, plots showing a comparison of predicted versus measured quality split ratios reported by Azzopardi et al. were found to be in large disagreement for low steam qualities. Chien and Rubel attribute the discrepancy to differences in the tee size, orientation and operating conditions.
The correlation equations presented by Azzopardi et al. and Chien and Rubel did not accurately predict quality splits over the entire range of their laboratory test conditions. In addition, the range of test conditions for both studies were not representative of typical two-phase flow conditions present in field distribution networks. Both studies were limited to relatively dry annular mist flow regimes; whereas, two-phase flow regimes in field steam distribution systems can range from relatively homogeneous annular mist flow to stratified or segregated flow.
Consequently, a new, improved method is needed to accurately predict and adjust vapor and liquid splits at impacting tees for a wide range of two-phase steam or gas-liquid flow conditions representative of field distribution systems.
Laboratory air-water flow split data were used to develop a correlation equation to predict and adjust quality splits downstream of an impacting tee in terms of upstream flow conditions and vapor-phase split ratio to each branch. The equation relates the liquid volume fraction exiting a tee branch (or arm), LVFarm, to the vapor velocity and liquid volume fraction entering the tee, Vin and LVFin, and the fraction of vapor exiting the branch, Varm, as follows:
LVFarm =a*LVFin *(Varm /Vin)b ( 1)
The coefficients, a and b, in Equation (1) are related to the input variables, LVFin and Vin as follows:
a=a1+a2*ln F+a3*F0.5 ( 2)
b=b1+b2*F+b3*ln F+b4*F0.5 ( 3)
F=LVFin *Vin ( 4)
The empirical constants are:
a1=0.2088; a2=-0.2541; a3=0.3928 (5)
b1=-3.0662; b2=-0.4052; b3=-1.0381; b4=2.7228 (6)
The correlation equation, presented above as Equation (1), is used to predict the liquid volume fraction to each tee branch. The computed liquid volume fraction to each branch is then converted to vapor mass fraction (or quality) using liquid and vapor phase densities or specific volumes for a given pressure. The predictions are used to improve displacement efficiency and volumetric sweep of reservoirs by placement of impacting tees or other mechanical devices in the networks. A detailed step-by-step procedure for wet steam will be outlined in the detailed description of the embodiments. This procedure can be incorporated into a programmable hand-held calculator, a PC spreadsheet program or other PC program using a standard ANSI language (e.g., FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL).
Equation (1) fits the laboratory air-water flow split data very well, with a goodness of fit of 0.98. The correlation equation (1) was also used to predict actual quality splits obtained during the field steam flow tests. Predicted quality splits were found to be in very good agreement with actual steam quality splits.
In order to assist the understanding of this invention, reference will now be made to the appended figures (or drawings). The figures are exemplary only, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a typical piping network incorporating a plurality of impacting tee junctions to distribute two-phase steam from a generator plant to a plurality of injection wells.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the side-arm tee and impacting (or dead-end) tee configurations, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a plot showing the proportions of gas to liquid flow splits using a normal impacting tee in accordance with current field practice at two different vapor velocities and very low liquid -volume fractions (less than 0.01) entering the tee junction.
FIGS. 4A through 4D are plots showing predicted versus actual liquid volume fraction splits to an arm of a normal impacting tee for four different inlet air velocities and three different inlet liquid volume fractions.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart that schematically illustrates the new, improved method of predicting the liquid volume fraction to each tee branch.
FIG. 6 is a plot showing a comparison of predicted versus actual steam quality splits for a normal impacting tee.
LVFin =liquid volume fraction of two-phase fluid exiting tee arm or branch
LVFin =liquid volume fraction of two-phase fluid entering the tee
Varm =gas or vapor velocity exiting an arm or branch of the tee, ft/sec
Vin =gas or vapor velocity entering the tee, ft/sec
di =pipe inner diameter, ft
d=choke bean diameter, inches
Ac =πdi 2 /4=cross-sectional flow area, ft2
νg =vapor-phase specific volume, fta/lbm
νL =liquid-phase specific volume, fta/lbm
irs =steam flow rate, bbls/day (cold water equivalent)
Wg =vapor mass flow rate, lbm/hr
P1 =Steam pressure upstream of wellhead choke, psia
Ps =Steam pressure upstream of tee junction, psia
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates schematically, a steam distribution system for assisted oil recovery using a steam generator bank 10 supplying a multiplicity of wells 11 through a piping net work consisting of plurality of flow lines 12 and impacting tees 13. Flow configurations through a side-arm tee 20 and an impacting tee 30 are depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As indicated by flow arrows 21, 22 and 23 in FIG. 2A, the primary feed of two-phase fluid 21 enters the straight-through arm 24 with a portion of the two-phase flow 23 diverted (or separated) at tee junction 25 through side-arm (or branch) 26 and the remainder of the two-phase flow 22 remaining in the straight-through arm 24. In contrast, two-phase flow through the impacting or dead-end tee 30 shown in FIG. 2B consists of the primary feed of two-phase fluid 31 flowing through inlet arm 32 and entering the tee junction 33 with a portion of the two-phase fluid 34 then diverted through exit arm 35 and the remainder of the two-phase fluid 36 diverted through exit arm 37.
While the impacting tee configuration of FIG. 2B is substantially better in splitting two-phase flow than the side-arm tee configuration of 2A, we have found that the impacting tee is generally capable of splitting the vapor and liquid phases to maintain uniform vapor-liquid ratios for a very narrow range of inlet flow conditions (e.g., vapor velocity, liquid volume fraction, and pressure). FIG. 3 particularly illustrates in graphic form the very low range of inlet liquid volume fractions (LVF) for which uniform splitting of the gas and liquid phases occurs at a normal impacting tee.
In accordance with the present invention, laboratory air-water and field steam flow tests were conducted to: 1) obtain a better understanding of two-phase flow splitting at impacting tees and 2) develop a reliable and accurate method for predicting the steam qualities (vapor mass fraction) of split streams flowing to each exit branch (arm) of the tee. A detailed description of the apparatus and procedures used during laboratory and field testing can be found in the inventors' prior technical paper presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers' (SPE) Western Regional Meeting held in Long Beach, Calif., Mar. 23-25, 1994, as publication number SPE 27866.
In general, the following conclusions can be drawn from the wide range of two-phase flow data obtained from laboratory air-water and field steam flow tests of normal and modified impacting tee designs:
1. Laboratory air-water and field two-phase steam test data were found to be in good agreement, indicating that air-water mixtures behave like wet steam (or vice versa) for comparable vapor velocities and liquid volume fractions.
2. Normal impacting tees split the liquid-phase disproportionately to the vapor-phase when the percentage of vapor split to each branch deviates from 50%-50% split (or 1:1).
3. The disproportionate vapor-liquid splitting becomes more pronounced as the vapor velocity and/or liquid volume fraction entering the normal impacting tee increases.
In accordance with the present invention, a new, improved method and means for reliably and accurately predicting and adjusting vapor-liquid split ratios to branches of a piping network incorporating a plurality of impacting tee junctions for a wide range of two-phase steam or gas-liquid conditions representative of field distribution systems has been developed.
The laboratory air-water flow split data were used to develop a correlation equation (1) to predict quality splits downstream of an impacting tee in terms of upstream flow conditions and vapor-phase split ratio to each branch or arm. FIGS. 4A through 4D are plots showing predicted versus actual liquid volume fraction splits to an arm of a normal impacting tee for four different inlet air velocities and three different inlet liquid volume fractions. A goodness of fit of 0.98 was obtained with the resulting correlation equation.
A procedure for predicting steam quality splits at an impacting tee is outlined in FIG. 5. The procedure for predicting the quality splits at each impacting tee junction is as follows:
1. Steam pressure (ps) , quality (x) , and rate (irs) are measured at the inlet of the impacting tee.
2. Compute flow cross-sectional area, Ac. Where
Ac =πdi 2 /4 (1)
3. Obtain vapor-phase and liquid-phase specific volumes, νg and νL, at steam pressure, ps, from steam tables or compute phase specific volumes using properties equations.
4. Calculate vapor velocity entering tee junction, Vin, in ft/sec. Where
Vin =0.00405�irs νg /Ac (2)
5. Calculate liquid volume fraction entering tee junction, LVFin. Where
LVFin =(1-x)νL / (1-x)-- νL +x νg !(3)
6. Compute vapor velocity in exit branch or arm of tee, Varm. Where
Varm =Vin * (Fraction of steam exiting arm) (4)
7. Compute coefficients, a and b, in Equation (1). Where
a=a1+a2*ln (LVFin *Vin)+a3*(LVFin *Vin)0.5 (5)
b=b1+b2*(LVFin *Vin)+b3*ln(LVFin *Vin)+b4*(LVFin *Vin)0.5 (6)
a1=0.2088; a2=-0.2541; a3=0.3928;
b1=-3.0662; b2=-0.4052; b3=-1.0381; b4=2.7228
8. Calculate liquid volume fraction exiting the tee branch, LVFarm. Where:
LVFarm =a*LVFin *(Varm /Vin)b (7)
9. Compute vapor mass fraction (or quality) of steam exiting the tee branch, xarm. Where:
xarm ={1+(LVFarm *νg)/ (1-LVFarm)*-- νL !}-1 (8)
10. Repeat steps 6 through 9 for other exit branch or arm.
In order to use the above procedure, the amount of vapor exiting a tee branch must be known. This can be determined from wellhead choke data using the following steps:
11. Compute vapor mass flow rate, Wg, to arm. Where
Wg =857.9 d2 (1-0.0423/d)*(P1 /-- νg)0.5 ( 9)
12. Convert vapor mass flow rate to vapor velocity, Varm, in ft/sec. Where:
Varm =Wg *νg /Ac (10)
Alternatively, the vapor mass flow rate to an arm can be measured using separator vessel and the vapor velocity in the arm can be computed from equation (10).
Comparison of predicted and actual steam qualities split to the exit branches of a normal impacting tee is shown in FIG. 6. The predicted quality splits estimated from the empirical correlation are in very good agreement with measured quality splits over the entire range of steam flow conditions tested. Therefore, it appears that the correlation and procedure outlined above provides accurate and reliable prediction of vapor-liquid splits at normal impacting tees over a wide range of two-phase flow conditions (5 to 75 ft/sec vapor velocity and 0.01 to 0.15 liquid volume fraction entering the tee and vapor split ratios from 50%-50% to 15%-85% or 85%-15% exiting the tee).
In order to use the above procedure in a steam distribution network, incorporating a plurality of impacting tee junctions, as shown in FIG. 1, the steam flow rate and quality entering the first tee junction must be known. This can be obtained from feedwater rate and steam quality measurements at the steam generator(s). In addition, the vapor flow rate at each injection well must be known. This can be estimated using the critical flow equation (9) for wellhead chokes or can be measured with a separator vessel. The vapor flow rate into an exit arm or branch of a given tee is simply the sum of all of the measured or computed rates for all wells served by that arm. Similarly, the vapor rate entering a tee is the sum of the two exit branch rates so determined. Steps 1 through 12 are then repeated for each subsequent tee junction using the exit branch vapor velocities and liquid volume fractions from the previous tee junction as the inlet conditions for the new tee until flow splits for all tee junctions have been computed.
Once the qualifies to each exit branch or arm of the impacting tee have been determined from the disclosed procedure, this information can be used in the design of a new piping network to establish how effectively heat and mass will be distributed to or from individual wells. Additionally, this information can be used to evaluate the heat and mass distribution in an existing piping network and identify specific locations in the network that require mechanical modification, such as the insertion of devices at tee junctions to improve liquid-vapor splits. Another application of the heat and mass distribution information obtained from the above quality splits is in the optimization of heat utilized in steam flood projects. In such optimization, steam injection can be shut in at specified wells and/or prolonged to other specified wells to account for uneven quality splits in existing piping networks to improve sweep and displacement efficiency of the hydrocarbon reservoir.
Knowing the predicted quality splits, branches of the network are modified by placing improved impacting tees in the network like those described in copending, commonly assigned application Ser. No. 08/408,587 entitled "Method and Apparatus for Controlling the Distribution of Two-Phase Fluids Through Impacting Pipe Tees", inventors Ki Choon Hong and Suzanne Griston, which disclosure is incorporated in its entirety into this application.
Other devices can be used in the network to adjust the steam quality such as a vertical distribution pot and a homogenizing orifice, orifice devices inserted upstream and downstream of the tee junction, or a static mixer and stratifier inserted upstream of a branching tee. The predicted qualities can also be used to adjust the quality of steam supplied by a boiler by controlling the amount of oil or gas supplied to the boiler.
While the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this application is intended to cover those various changes and substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 5, 1979
|May 26, 1981
|Texaco Inc.
|Steam manifold distribution system for providing equal quality of steam in two lines
|Mar 29, 1984
|May 14, 1985
|Shell Oil Company
|Two-phase flow splitter
|Sep 29, 1983
|Jun 11, 1985
|Exxon Production Research Co.
|Method and apparatus for splitting two-phase flow at pipe tees
|Dec 14, 1984
|Mar 11, 1986
|Exxon Production Research Co.
|Method and apparatus for splitting two-phase flow at pipe tees
|Sep 29, 1983
|Mar 11, 1986
|Exxon Production Research Co.
|Method and apparatus for splitting two-phase gas-liquid flows having a known flow profile
|Oct 5, 1984
|May 5, 1987
|Chevron Research Company
|Method and apparatus for splitting a liquid-vapor mixture
|Apr 9, 1987
|Apr 25, 1989
|Santa Fe Energy Company
|Device for uniformly distributing a two-phase fluid
|May 21, 1990
|Apr 30, 1991
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Steam distribution manifold
|Oct 31, 1990
|Aug 20, 1991
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Low thermal stress steam distribution manifold
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|Mar 10, 1992
|Shell Oil Company
|Steam quality and flow rate measurement
|Sep 13, 1994
|Dec 5, 1995
|Union Oil Company Of California
|Use of sequential fracturing and controlled release of pressure to enhance production of oil from low permeability formations
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|Azzopardi et al., Annular Two Phase Flow Split at an Impacting T , Int. J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 605 614 (1987).
|Chien and Rubel, "Phase Splitting of Wet Stream in Annular Flow Through a Horizontal Impacting Tee", SPE Prod. Engr., pp. 368-74, Nov. 1992.
|Chien and Rubel, Phase Splitting of Wet Stream in Annular Flow Through a Horizontal Impacting Tee , SPE Prod. Engr., pp. 368 74, Nov. 1992.
|Hong, "Two-Phase Flow Splitting at a Pipe Tee", J. Pet. Tech., pp. 290-295, Feb. 1978.
|Hong, Two Phase Flow Splitting at a Pipe Tee , J. Pet. Tech., pp. 290 295, Feb. 1978.
|Jones and Williams, "A Two-Phase Flow Splitting Device That Works", SPE Prod. & Facil., pp. 197-202, Aug. 1993.
|Jones and Williams, A Two Phase Flow Splitting Device That Works , SPE Prod. & Facil., pp. 197 202, Aug. 1993.
|Strome and McStravick, "Continous Steam Quality Measurement in a Steam Distribution System Quality Measurement", SPE Prod. Engr., pp. 259-267, Apr. 1987.
|Strome and McStravick, Continous Steam Quality Measurement in a Steam Distribution System Quality Measurement , SPE Prod. Engr., pp. 259 267, Apr. 1987.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 4, 1998
|Dec 26, 2000
|Butler; Bryan V.
|System and method for handling multiphase flow
|Aug 28, 1998
|May 22, 2001
|Rosewood Equipment Company
|Multiphase metering method for multiphase flow
|Dec 22, 2000
|Mar 12, 2002
|Rosewood Equipment Company
|System and method for handling multiphase flow
|Feb 23, 1999
|Jan 7, 2003
|Photosonic, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for measuring multiple parameters of steam
|May 5, 2009
|Oct 7, 2014
|Fluor Technologies Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for splitting multi-phase flow
|May 5, 2009
|Aug 4, 2011
|Fluor Technologies Corporation
|Methods And Apparatus For Splitting Multi-Phase Flow
|Aug 1, 2013
|Nov 6, 2013
|Underground flood damage emergency water draining rescue system and method
|U.S. Classification
|700/283, 73/61.73
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 10, 1995
Owner name: CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HONG, KI CHOONG;GRISTON, SUZANNE;REEL/FRAME:007517/0092
Effective date: 19950501
|Aug 14, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 22, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 26, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20020120


text:
Shigenori Kuroda
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Shigenori Kuroda
Shigenori Kuroda (center) with his predecessor as Governor-General of the Philippines, Masaharu Homma (left) and an American MP (right), September 1945
|Japanese Military Governor of the Philippines
|In office
May 28, 1943 – September 26, 1944
|Emperor Hirohito
|Preceded by
|Shizuichi Tanaka
|Succeeded by
|Tomoyuki Yamashita
|Personal details
|25 October 1887
Fukuoka, Japan
|30 April 1964 (aged 76)
Tokyo, Japan
|Military service
|Empire of Japan
|Imperial Japanese Army
|Years of service
|1909 - 1945
|Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
Shigenori Kuroda (黒田重徳, 1887–1952) was a general of the Japanese Imperial Army and the Japanese Governor-General of the Philippines during World War II.
Kuroda was commissioned as an infantry officer in 1909. He graduated from Army War College in 1916 with Tomoyuki Yamashita and Shizuichi Tanaka, and later became a military observer in Europe during World War I. In 1922, Kuroda served as military attaché in England. From 1935-1937, he served as military attaché in India. In 1937, he was made major general and Deputy Inspector General for Military Training in 1941,[1] which was then under General Otozō Yamada.[2] From July 1, 1942 to May 19, 1943, he was Chief of Staff in Japanese Southern Expeditionary Army Group.[3]
Battle of Wuyuan[edit]
He participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War, where he led the 26th Division in the Battle of Wuyuan. The battle, which was part of the Japanese counterattack in response to the Chinese 1939-40 Winter Offensive, resulted to a Chinese victory and Japanese retreat.[4][5] The Japanese call it 第2次後套作戦 (English:The second battle of Wuyuan). Despite the loss in the said battle, the Japanese had a strategic victory for making the Chinese fail their primary objectives.[6]
From May 28, 1943 to September 26, 1944, he was made military governor of the Philippines, succeeding Shizuichi Tanaka in the said post. He later became the first Commander in Chief of the Japanese Fourteenth Area Army, which were the merged elements of the Japanese 14th Army, 35th Army and 41st Army, in the Philippines from July 28 to September 26, 1944.[7]
During his rule in the Philippines, a constitution was formed by the Preparatory Commission for Independence, consisting of 20 members from the KALIBAPI.[8] The Preparatory Commission, led by José P. Laurel,[9] presented its draft Constitution on September 4, 1943 and three days later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the draft Constitution.
By September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI's representative groups in the country's provinces and cities elected from among themselves fifty-four members of the Philippine National Assembly, the legislature of the country, with fifty-four governors and city mayors as ex officio members.[8]
Three days after establishing the National Assembly, the Second Philippine Republic's inaugural session was held at the pre-war Legislative Building and it elected by majority Benigno S. Aquino as its first Speaker and José P. Laurel as President of the Republic of the Philippines, who was inaugurated on October 14, 1943 at the foundation of the Republic.[8]
American return and postwar life[edit]
By early 1944, the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff anticipated the return of American forces to the Philippines. So, the weight for preparing against an American landing fell to Kuroda. Kuroda planned to concentrate the bulk of the Japanese forces in Luzon, but his plan was never considered by the Imperial Army General Staff. The staff instead devoted only five of his ten divisions in Luzon, which was said to have no experience in any of the past Japanese campaigns.[10] After being denied of his ideas for the defense of the Philippines, he was said to have been lax in his duties. He was replaced by Tomoyuki Yamashita, his former schoolmate in the Army War College, who was said to be "superb and excellent tactician",[10] after the fall of his patron Tojo Hideki from power. Yamashita found the condition "unfavorable" with many of the newly placed generals unfamiliar with the archipelago.[10] The defense for the Philippine archipelago was charged to 270,000 army and air force troops as of October 20, 1944. The total size of the Japanese navy at the time amounted to 17 battleships,[citation needed] 4 aircraft carriers, 13 heavy cruisers, 6 light cruisers, and 34 destroyers. Kuroda then retired in 1945, arrested for war crimes in 1946, and condemned to life imprisonment.[11] His lawyer at the time was Lieutenant Colonel Jose Lukban. He disguised Kuroda by putting a mole on his face, and removing that at the end of the trial to discredit the witnesses thrown at the Japanese general.[12] He was released eventually in 1952, and died the same year.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Kuroda Shigenori". Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- ^ Edgerton, Robert B. (1999). Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3600-7.
- ^ "Southern Army". Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- ^ George Barry O'Toole, Jên-yü Tsʻai, ed. (1941). The China monthly, Volumes 3-5. The China monthly incorporated. Retrieved 2010-06-28.(Original from the University of Michigan)
- ^ Aleksandr I͡Akovlevich Kali͡agin (1983). Along alien roads (illustrated ed.). East Asian Institute, Columbia University. p. 294. ISBN 0-913418-03-X. Retrieved 2010-06-28.(Original from the University of Michigan)
- ^ http://www.chinamil.com.cn/site1/historymil/2004-10/29/content_1143438.htm (article about the Winter Offensive)
- ^ "14. Area Army". Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ a b c "Jose P". Angelfire. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
- ^ "The Philippine Presidency Project". Manuel L. Quezon III, et al. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
- ^ a b c Cannon, M. Hamlin. "Leyte: The Return to the Philippines". Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ "Kuroda Shigenori, Lieutenant-General". Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- ^ "JOSE G. LUKBAN". Retrieved 2011-11-14.

subset: commoncrawl


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Kathy Carlisle PRO
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Kathy Carlisle is an inspirational speaker, health advocate, photographer and stay-at-home mom. After running a professional photography studio out of her home for 10 years, she has begun to capture inspirational stories to share with a community that she has created , called, Live Everything Mindful. She inspires countless people to take charge of their health and happiness by creating curiosity of who they are, improving mindful practices, and inviting them to create their own playground for possibilities for their life. Her motto: Life is happening FOR you, not to you. She creates support for people that are looking for a positive community and inspiration for their life.
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43903 Need to Install cURL on Cpanel
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Hi Everybody, I need to install cURL on my server. I tried to do this myself by using the automatic perl installs withing WHM, but I do not think I am doing things correctly because I keep getting this message while trying to run a script: Fatal error: Call to undefined function: curl_init() I was wondering if someone might be willing to help! Please PM me with any questions! I do have shell access to the server. Thanks :o) Laura
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On 21 September 2016 at 22:41, Kyle Mestery <mest...@mestery.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 21, 2016 at 3:35 PM, Thierry Carrez <thie...@openstack.org> > wrote: > > Chivers, Doug wrote: > >> My concern is with the original wording "The suggested way forward > there would be to remove the "Security project team"". > >> > >> This seems like a move to instantly reduce investment in OpenStack > security, because the majority of members of the Security Project are > corporately funded, which will be significantly impacted by the removal of > the security project. I have no knowledge over the difference between a > working group and a project, like everyone else on the project we are > simply here to contribute to OpenStack security, drive innovation in > security, deliver documentation like OSSNs, etc, rather than get involved > in the politics of OpenStack. > >> > >> In response to the various questions of why no-one from our project > noticed that we didn't have a nomination for the PTL, we assumed that was > taken care of. Realistically maybe two or three people on the security > project have the availability to be PTL, one being our current PTL, for all > the rest of us its simply not a concern until we need to vote. > >> > >> On a personal note, reading –dev is unfortunately a lower priority than > designing architectures, responding to customers and sales teams, closing > tickets, writing decks and on the afternoon or so I can spend each week, > working on my upstream projects (this week it was: > https://review.openstack.org/#/c/357978/5 - thanks to the Barbican team > for all their work). Possibly this is wrong, but I didn't sign up as a > contributor to spend all my spare time reading mailing lists. > > > > So while I still think there is a slight disconnect (like, members of > > the security team are less often involved in other teams) that results > > in the Security team being more likely to miss the very few process > > deadlines that apply to them, I'm not convinced it justifies removing > > the "official" status of the team and make it a workgroup. > > > > I privately received information that explains why the PTL was not on > > top of things during election weeks. With ~60 teams around there will > > always be one or two that miss and that we must check on. It /always/ is > > symptomatic of /some/ disconnect. But here I'm not sure it passes the > > bar of "non-alignment with the community" that would make the Security > > team unfit to be an official OpenStack team... > > > I agree, and in times like this, it's best to use common sense rather > than trying to have a rule to fit everything into. In this case, Rob > and the security team have put forth an explanation of what happened, > I fail to see how removing them after this does anything other than > foster bad will. I would vote to keep the security team around at this > point. > > I feel bad quoting policy here... but we do have prior art for this... If we look at resolution, "2014-11-28 Process for Leaderless Programs"[0], we have policy for *exactly* this situation.. which should probably have been the first action rather than considering a new resolution. For reference: 1. Programs without a minimum of one eligible candidate are identified to the Technical Committee by the Election Officials, as soon as possible after the nomination period has expired. 2. The Technical Committee can appoint a leader to any programs in this situation, by mutual agreement of the Technical Committee and the proposed appointee. 3. The appointed leader has all the same obligations and responsibilities as a self-nominated elected Program Technical Lead. [0] http://governance.openstack.org/resolutions/20141128-elections-process-for-leaderless-programs.html -- Kind Regards, Dave Walker
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Solange "A Seat At The Table" Album Stream / Download
Big Boi sat down with 106 KMEL to discuss his upcoming album, Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors which will be in stores December 11th. According to the active rhyming half of Outkast, he's managed to recruit Ludacris, B.o.B, A$AP Rocky, T.I., Kelly Rowland and more. via HHNM
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Google's new social networking service, Buzz has upset a lot of people who have inadvertently posted the list of the people they email and chat with most frequently on their profile. If you took the default options and didn't opt-out or edit this list during profile creation, the list becomes part of your profile. Since who you email with frequently can often be private information (reporters and sources, doctors and patients, former significant others, etc), making this list public can create serious problems.
If you're going to use Google Buzz, we recommend that you opt-out during profile creation. If you have already created a profile, change it to private immediately. Then go through the suggested list, and edit it as appropriate before making it public again. PC World has a helpful privacy checklist to help users understand the privacy implications of Google Buzz options.
Google has attempted to address some of these issues, making it easier to block people and hide the friend list. The underlying issue is that your email and chat contacts are not necessarily people you want to advertise as friends via a public social network. Since Google's competitors make it hard to transfer list of social contacts to new services, Google attempted to jump start Buzz with lists drawn from its successful Gmail and Gchat services. While this may help Buzz grow and save users the time to type in all their contacts, it also has an inherent danger of inadvertent disclosure of private information. Google could significantly reduce this problem simply by making the list private by default, so users could opt-in after reviewing the suggested list.
Google might also consider allowing those who agreed to join Google Buzz without understanding its implications to opt-out fully. Currently, "turning off" Google Buzz merely suspends the viewing and public broadcasting of messages until you might want to re-connect your private email world and the public space again. Some Gmail users would prefer that those worlds stay strongly unconnected. They do not want a list of potential "followers" to gather, awaiting the moment that a user mistake or poor interface design inadvertently reveals private data to the world once again. Google is apparently considering separating Buzz from Gmail.
Who needs a jetpack when you have a digital freedom-fighting robotic exoskeleton? Check out EFF's 20th Anniversary commemorative t-shirt and poster designed by EFF staff designer Hugh D'Andrade! The artwork features the EFF Liberty Mecha warrior lighting the way and kicking down walls for your online rights.
Pick up the 20th anniversary poster! This is a high quality offset litho print suitable for framing. The image measures 13" X 19" on 18" X 24" heavy stock. It's just the thing to spruce up that server room.
This design also appears on our newest member t-shirt! These swanky royal blue shirts feature the EFF Liberty Mecha on the front and a steel-winged EFF logo on the back proclaiming 20 years of freedom. It's available in three different styles: women (S-XL), men (S-3XL), and youth (M-L). Get yours today!
Thanks for standing by us and for keeping EFF going!
You bought it, you own it.
That's a concept we've been fighting to defend for years against erosion at the hands of patent and copyright owners, in contexts as diverse as printer cartridges, promo CDs, and software. The answer should be simple—if you bought it, a copyright or patent owner shouldn't be able to use federal intellectual property law to dictate whether you can resell it, simply by pointing to boilerplate in a license agreement or label. That's thanks to the "first sale doctrine" (also known as "exhaustion").
Today EFF, joined by national library associations, the Consumer Federation of America, Public Knowledge, and U.S. PIRG, filed an amicus brief in Vernor v. Autodesk, the latest battle to raise the question of whether the "first sale doctrine" will continue to have vitality in a world filled with end-user license agreements that claim that you own nothing, but rather merely "license" it. The appeal pits eBay seller Timothy Vernor against software giant Autodesk. When Mr. Vernor tried to auction four authentic, packaged copies of AutoCAD software, Autodesk sent DMCA takedown notices to block his auctions and threatened to sue him for copyright infringement. Mr. Vernor, assisted by the lawyers at Public Citizen, took Autodesk to court and won.
Autodesk has appealed, arguing that so long as its license agreements recite the right magic words, it can strip purchasers of any ownership in the CD-ROMs on which software is delivered. If that's right, then not only don't you own the software you buy, but any copyright owner can simply recite the magic words and effectively outlaw libraries, used bookstores, and DVD rentals, among other things (eBay also filed an amicus brief on behalf of Mr. Vernor). That would be bad news not just for consumers looking to save a few dollars, but also for our ability to access older, out-of-print materials. For these materials, often libraries and second-hand sellers are the only hope for continued public access.
This appeal is one of three pending before the Ninth Circuit that touch on "you bought it, you own it" issues. Along with EFF's pending petition with the Copyright Office to permit iPhone jailbreaking (which also turns on what rights you have as a software owner), these three cases promise to have a substantial impact on the shape of the "first sale doctrine" in the digital age.
Announcement by Brad Templeton
In early 2000, after a tumultuous period in the EFF's history, and
the staff down to just a handful, I was elected chair of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
I had been on the board for just a few years, but had been close to the
organization since it was founded, including participating with it as
a plaintiff in the landmark supreme court case which struck down the
Communications Decency Act in 1996.
Having now served 10 years as chairman, it is time to rotate out, and I
am happy to report the election of John Buckman, founder of Magnitune
and Bookmooch (among other ventures) as our new chair. As a part-time
resident of Europe, John will, like me, offer an international perspective
to the EFF's efforts. Pam Samuelson, a law-professor of stunning
reputation and credentials, will act as vice-chair during the coming
5-year term, replacing John Perry Barlow.
I would love to claim credit for the EFF's tremendous growth and success
during my tenure, but the truth is that our active and star-studded board
is a board of equals. We all take an active role in setting policy
and attempting to guide the organization in its mission to protect
important freedoms in the online world. While it would shock most of
my previous employees, my board management has been very laissez-faire.
I and the other board members try to let our great team do their stuff.
After I became chairman, one of the best things we on the board
probably did was to re-recruit Shari Steele, our former legal director,
to become the new executive director. Shari had been with the EFF for
many years but had left to work on a new venture. We brought her back
and it's been positive ever since. We also recruited Cindy Cohn
to be our legal director. Cindy had a long history of friendship with
the organization, having worked tirelessly with our help on the fight
to stop export controls on encryption. WIth these two appointments, I
and my fellow board members started the course for an incredible decade.
In spite of a chaotic global economy, during this period, our fundraising,
budget and staff size have more than tripled. (That may seem minor
for a dot-com but it's great news for a non-profit.) We've boosted
membership and membership dontations, increased funding from foundations,
and created an endowment to assure the EFF's future.
The EFF is now 20, so I've been privileged to chair it for half of
its lifetime. In that period we've seen dramatic victories for free
speech, privacy and freedom to program. We've stopped e-voting abuse
and rootkits in your music CDs. We've protected bloggers as journalists
and preserved anonymous speech online. We've stopped encryption software
from being controlled like a munition and had so many other triumphs, big
and small. We've also seen an expanded technical and activism program,
as our technologists have led the way in unveiling things like secret
dots generated by colour laser printers that track your printouts back
to you and network interference with filesharing by cable ISPs.
We've also had our failures, but even those have spoken loudly about the
quality of our team. When we took Grokster/Streamcast to the supreme
court, our client lost, but the court laid down a fairly narrow standard
that allows software developers building new generations of publishing
products to know how to stay clear of liability. Our cases against the
White House's warrantless wiretapping program have hit major hurdles,
one of which was an act of congress created specifically to nullify our
attempts to have a court examine this program — granting a retroactive
immunity to the phone companies that did it. Bad as that was, I figure
if they have to get an act of congress to stop you, you know you've hit
a nerve.
We've also hit many nerves with our great FOIA team that has uncovered
all sorts of attacks on your rights, and continues to do so, and our
team of activists and our new international team are working hard to
promote our doctrine of free speech and freedom to develop technology
around the world. With all our team does, many are shocked to find it is
only around 30 people. Still, we could do much more and your donations
are still what makes it all happen. I hope that if you believe in the
duty to protect fundamental freedoms online, you will work towards it,
or consider outsourcing that work with a donation to us.
I am not leaving the EFF — far from it. I will continue to be
an active boardmember. In addition, I will begin to re-explore
commercial ventures, seek new opportunities, and continue on my quest
to become a leading evangelist for one of the world's most exciting
new technologies — robotic transportation. At my robocars site you
can see my beginnings of a book on the subject, and why it may have the
largest positive effect on the world that computer technology delivers
in the medium term. Of course with my EFF hat on you will find growing
sections on the freedom and privacy issues of the technology.
During my tenure, I have served with a tremendous group of
fellow board members, as you can see from the biographies at
the EFF board page. I will continue to work with them to
protect your rights as the world becomes digital, and I hope you will all
join with me in supporting the EFF with your thoughts and your dollars.
Our cell phones aren't just for calls anymore. They hold our address books, our calendars, our emails, and our grocery lists. They may even include things like a list of questions to ask your doctor, pictures of your girlfriend, or URLs of web sites you've visited. When can police search your phone and look at all this information?
That's the question that EFF is asking a court in California to consider. Police in Daly City, California seized a suspect's iPhone during his arrest. Hours later, investigators bypassed the password and searched through the data on the device without a search warrant. After the officers realized that the information was too extensive to write down, they finally obtained a warrant to search the phone.
EFF has urged the court to suppress evidence gathered by police from the suspect's phone during the warrantless search, including contacts, called phone numbers, emails, text messages, Internet search history, and photos. EFF has also asked the judge to quash the warrant that was eventually issued in part based on the information illegally accessed on the phone.
Of course, criminal suspects will have a lot of information on their cell phones that might be of interest to police, and when investigators have enough evidence to get a warrant, they should be able to search these devices. But if the police can search anyone's cell phone at any time, then everyone's privacy is at risk.
The court will hear the motion on February 18 at 9:00 a.m. in Redwood City, California.
Google's ad during yesterday's Superbowl explained in less than a minute how the story of someone's life can be pieced together from their search queries. Using only the search terms and user's clicks of the search results, Google told the story of a user who seeks love while studying abroad in Paris, finds it, moves to Paris, marries and has a child.
The poignant story, along with Google's suite of search stories, masterfully illustrates how some of the most intimate information in our lives--from planning a trip to political activism--are routinely and vividly expressed in our interactions with Google, and highlights the need for that information to have strong protections.
The Superbowl ad was Google's first foray into national television advertising, and it's great that Google used this opportunity to illustrate the importance of search privacy to one of the world's largest audiences. Now that Google has shown how personal its records of user interaction are, it should follow through and protect that information from involuntary disclosure by anonymizing search queries. Microsoft's Bing is anonymizing this information after six months by deleting the entire Internet Protocol ("IP") address associated with your search queries. Google can and should anonymize search queries in the same way after six months or less.
As part of our Terms of (Ab)use project, we pay close attention to the fine print of online agreements for provisions that are potentially dangerous to consumers. We've noticed a troubling change in the way event planners restrict the rights of individuals who attend their shows. Where once these limitations had to fit on the back of a ticket, increasingly event organizers have moved their fine print online, where they are able to use even more contract law to avoid the limits of trademark and copyright law and actively control what ticket holders can say or do even after the event is over.
These burdensome terms can show up in some pretty unexpected places. Last year we noted how the Burning Man Organization (BMO) used online ticket terms to require participants to assign to BMO—in advance—the copyright to any pictures they took on the playa. Tickets for the 2010 event went on sale in mid-January, and we hoped the new terms would acknowledge the concerns we had expressed. Sadly, the new terms are just as onerous as before.
The "assignment in advance" clause is not the only burdensome provision. The BMO ticket terms limit participants' rights to use their own photos online, obliging them to take down any photos to which BMO objects for any reason and forbidding them from allowing anyone else to download or copy the photos. This means participants cannot donate their works to the public domain or to license their works, even through Creative Commons—no matter what is depicted or whether a use is noncommercial.
Even the notoriously protective Olympics allow spectators to take their own pictures or videos under their Ticket License Agreement, requiring only that the images "not be used for broadcast, publication, or any other commercial purpose." It is disappointing that the BMO cannot be at least as flexible.
Burning Man also continues to strip ticket holders of their right to make perfectly legal uses of its trademarks, forbidding participants from even using the (trademarked) term "Burning Man" on any website. In other words, participants who'd like to blog about their experiences at the event can't use the words "Burning Man." Thus Burning Man uses contract law to do what it cannot under either copyright or trademark law—exert extraordinary control over participants' speech.
Why would BMO—the organizer of an "an annual experiment in temporary community dedicated to radical self-expression and radical self-reliance"—undermine speech and creativity like this? BMO claims that the terms in the Burning Man ticket agreement are necessary to protect Black Rock City's unique culture and the privacy of its participants. Furthermore, BMO points out that the limitations are rarely enforced and they only claim copyright if the photos are used in a way BMO doesn't authorize. By claiming copyright in all photographs taken at the event, BMO can use the streamlined "notice and takedown" process enshrined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to quickly remove unapproved photos from the Internet.
But using online ticket terms for fast and easy takedown and to restrict CC-licensing and dedication to the public domain is a terrible precedent to set. As we pointed out in our post about this issue last year, doctors working with the tort reform group Medical Justice used contract law in the exact same way to censor negative reviews on Yelp and similar sites.
We understand the real challenges BMO faces in trying to preserve its noncommercial, community character. And we are aware that the current BMO enforces these terms only rarely. But a benevolent censor is still a censor—and BMO may not always be so benevolent. The bigger danger, though, is that other event organizers will take a page from the BMO/Medical Justice playbook, and assignment and abrogation of rights will become standard Terms of Ab(use) in all online contracts.
Copyright and trademark law were not intended to be used this way, and the collateral damage to speech and creativity inherent in the restrictions included in the Burning Man ticket agreement is too great. If the good folks at BMO continue to use ticket restrictions like this, Burning Man may very well become a new kind of model—not of temporary community and support for individual creative expression, but of permanent restriction on that very expression.
UPDATE: Downloadable wallpaper now available.
To celebrate 20 years of fighting for your digital rights, EFF staff designer Hugh D'Andrade came up with a commemorative poster! You can download your own hi-res copy from our Flickr page (on a Creative Commons Attribution License), and limited edition prints will be given to VIP Donors at our upcoming 20th Birthday celebration on February 10th at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco. The design will also be available on t-shirts on sale at the event.
Hope to see you there!
EFF's 20th Birthday with Adam Savage and Friends
February 10, 2010
Doors open at 8 pm, VIP event at 7 pm
$30 donation (no one turned away)
DNA Lounge
375 Eleventh Street
San Francisco, CA
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text:
Centri Di Prima Elementare
FREEBIE: Read and response sheet for your students to use after reading a book or listening to one on tape in your listening center. Great way to check for understanding of the book and also give them a time to reflect. Great to use in your kindergarten or first grade classroom!
This simple activity is a great way to help kids see the connection between addition and subtraction, as well as practice writing addition and subtraction number sentences! Perfect for first grade!
Beginning of the Year Math Stations in First Grade
My Favorite FREE 1st grade math centers! (Blog Hoppin')
My Favorite FREE 1st grade math centers! Addition Build it, Connect Four, Recycle It for place value and more! From TGIF (Thank God It's First)
Math Boards {Today's Number} Kindergarten and First Grade
Math for Kindergarten and FIrst Grade. Understanding number relationships. 6 math boards are included. Laminate and reuse over and over. Perfect for a math center! Enlarge and created on for your calendar to complete whole group!$
Free CVC board games! Fun word family activities or literacy centers for kindergarten or first grade.
Building sight words on a cookie sheet. Great for centers. Cookie Sheet Activities First Grade Bundle contains activities for sight words, blends, digraphs and word families.
CVC words center that is my absolute favorite... check out this post for fun reading centers ideas for kindergarten or first grade!
First Grade Essentials and What I Have Learned in my 15 Years as a First Grade Teacher | Erica's Ed-Ventures
Mrs. Wheeler's First Grade Tidbits: Magic E


text:
Welcome to Glock Talk
Why should YOU join our Glock forum?
- Converse with other Glock Enthusiasts
- Learn about the latest hunting products
- Becoming a member is FREE and EASY
If you consider yourself a beginner or an avid shooter, the Glock Talk community is your place to discuss self defense, concealed carry, reloading, target shooting, and all things Glock.
Making more room on HD, can I delete this?
Discussion in 'Tech Talk' started by GreenDrake, Oct 26, 2008.


text:
I'm a big friendly goofball. I have a wonderful mind, and I'm not bad looking, either! I like trails, camping, and dressage. My show name is Right As Rain.
Face Tags
It's beautiful here today. I had a nice nap in the sun after breakfast. Resting up after a long day yesterday.
I didn't run around much. Mostly today I just wished I could go back and finish my dinner. Sunday and Thursday are Alfalfa Days!
Look! I'm too fast for the camera!
Right back atchya, @LilyLove_Bieber! ;-)
It's warm and sunny up here today!
It's stormy up here in the mountains tonight!
I keep trying to make friends with my new nay-bor, Champagne, but she is playing hard to get.
Look! Mountains and clouds, and me playing with my water- drinker-toy.
This toy is the Best Thing Ever! You press with your nose, & fresh water comes out! You can drink out if it, too!
See!? I got right in the trailer.
And my new friend Fuego! He likes to play grabbyface over the fence.
Look! My new friend Billy!
Aha! I found the rest of my breakfast!
Hay! That's my stuff in the truck!
Hmmm... My trailer looks like it's getting ready to go somewhere.
That is *so* not my photo! I don't even listen to that music. Trying again: me, water, and grass.
Ahhhh!!! Hot day, cool shower. AND grass. Pretty perfect, if you ask me.
This is how it's done. Grass first, then everything else.
See? Proof that Eeyore has no taste in fine food.
My friend Clementine would rather hang out with our human than eat grass. Weirdo.
©2016 Twitpic Inc, All Rights Reserved


text:
Northeast Baseball schedules free clinic
BOONEVILLE, Miss. – Northeast Mississippi Community College's baseball program is offering a free baseball clinic to any athletes within its five-county district.
Northeast's first in-district baseball clinic is available to players in the college's five-county district of Alcorn, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo and Union counties.
The free three-hour clinic will be broken into two groups. Athletes in the first-sixth grades will take the field from 9 a.m. until noon while athletes in grades seven-12 have the afternoon session from 1 p.m. until 4 p.m.
Registration is set for 30 minutes before the start of either session. First-sixth graders are asked to register at 8:30 a.m. while the seventh-12 graders are asked to register at 12:30 p.m.
Northeast's free baseball clinic will be held at the Tigers home stadium – Harold T. White Field at Booneville City Park on Saturday, September 11.
For more information about the free baseball clinic, contact Northeast assistant baseball coach Clint McAuley at 662-720-7344.
About Chris Elkins
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text:
MANSFIELD, Mass –- Last year when non-league top dogs Brockton and Mansfield met, the Boxers basically scored a KO with an 18-2 start on their way to a 69-48 win.
This year, the Hornets (13-1) avoided any such blow with great defense, pulling away in the second half to beat Brockton 66-41.
Mansfield saw how dangerous the Boxers (8-4) could be on the offensive glass after they pulled down 21 of them Thursday against Wachusett. They practiced on it in the last couple of days, and it paid off.
"We knew we had to rebound the basketball, and I thought we did that fantastic tonight," Mansfield head coach Mike Vaughan said. "I thought we did a good job of maintaining the boards which gave us the ability to kind of grind away the first half. In the third quarter, we were able to come out and make a couple of adjustments and create a little separation."
Sophomore Brendan Hill scored a game-high 23 points a grabbed 9 boards in the win. Senior Greg Romanko and sophomore Ryan Boulter both added 12 for the Hornets.
Brockton jumped out to a first quarter lead, but unlike last year, Mansfield kept pace. With two seconds left in the first, sophomore Michael Boen found Boulter in the corner for a three that gave Mansfield a 13-12 lead. The Hornets never surrendered that lead.
Mansfield stretched their lead to seven at half behind Hill's six second-quarter points. Not only was Hill able to get to the basket, he added two dimes when the defense focused too much on him.
"He's special," Vaughan said. "The fact that he's a sophomore and that he'll be wearing a Hornet uniform for the next couple of years brings a smile to a lot of our faces. He has a lot of growing to do still, which is the best part."
Mansfield sealed the game when they went on a 12-3 run to open the second half, thanks to baskets from Hill, Romanko, Boen, and junior Kevin Conner.
"They ran some very nice offensive sets," Brockton coach Bob Boen said. "They beat us on a lot of back door cuts. They rebounded the ball well and got some rebound baskets on us. They did everything right in the second half."
The Hornets outscored Brockton in the third 19-11 to give Mansfield a 45-32 lead heading into the fourth quarter. Hill's nine points in the pivotal third were a big reason that Mansfield pulled away.
"Brendan is a very good player," Boen said. "He can do everything. He can pass it, he can rebound it, he can shoot it. They run a lot of plays through him. They have a nice team, they've got seven or eight real good players there."
Mansfield used balance scoring in the final frame, with six different players helping to extend the margin to 25. During the quarter, both Hill and Connor wowed the crowd with two-handed jams.
Junior Nisre Zouzoua led Brockton offensively with 10 points while seniors Israel Thorpe and Jaylen Blakely each had 9.
Mansfield will look to continue their winning ways when they host King Philip on Tuesday while Brockton will look to bounce back against Big Three rival Durfee on Friday.
For Brockton coach Bob Boen, this just wasn't his second straight year going against a top Division 1 team like Mansfield, it was his second going against his nephew, Michael Boen, a sophomore guard for the Hornets.
"It was very hard coaching," Boen said. "It was hard to set up and tell my guys to shut him down and not let him get the ball."
Michael played against his uncle last year when the teams met, but played limited minutes with a small role.
This year, Boen has been a vital part to Mansfield's success, and helped Sunday with six points and eight boards. Bob Boen didn't feel Michael had one of his better games.
"It was kind of funny because I don't think Michael had a very good game," Coach Boen said. "He might have been nervous playing against me.
"I didn't have a good game coaching and he didn't have a good game playing, probably because of the family conflict," he said.
Mansfield sits atop the Hockomock with a 13-1 record and has made statement wins against Amityville (N.Y.) and Brockton, and their lone loss was a six-point loss to New Mission.
Now, they might be getting even better.
Vaughan said that they are targeting Friday as a return date for junior guard Michael Hershman. Hershman has been out the entire season with an injury he sustained early in the football season.
Now Hershman, who led the team in scoring last year alongside his older brother Brian (who graduated), could be returning to an already-potent Mansfield line up.
"He had a good work out yesterday and had another good one today," Vaughan said. "It's been a great motivational factor the last couple of practices. I try and keep reminding the kids, 'what are you going to do when someone who's going to average 20 plus minutes comes back.' It's interesting how quickly practices turn back to be a positive.
"We're excited to have him back and I know he's been itching to get back."


text:
To overcome fated lives, the Talmud's rabbis argued, perform virtuous acts according to Torah
Rabbis left enforcement of their Talmudic decrees to communal standards and voluntary commitment
When is a tent just a tent and not like a bed or a hat? To update Jewish laws, the rabbis reasoned by analogy.
Alexander Stille never stopped investigating his parents, as shown by his new memoir about his World War II heritage
You wouldn't expect that the tractate on Shabbat would be the place to discuss circumcision. You'd be wrong.
An exhilarating new intellectual history argues that anti-Judaism is at the heart of Western culture
Talmudic rabbis debate the reach of permissions and prohibitions, and Jews are rewarded for virtuous behavior
A gripping new history of Flavius Josephus portrays a Roman Jewish writer forever wrestling with his identity
The rabbis who reasoned about the day of rest also celebrated it. Plus: The Talmud on iPad and in translation.
A masterful encyclopedia sums up our history and culture but raises the question of where Jewishness lies today
Lionizing those who perform feats of memory and logic, who reason strictly from premise to conclusion
In this week's page of Talmud, the rabbis show their skill at making distinctions between obligation and acting out
In order to understand Sabbath rules, the rabbis show, one must imagine exactly what work the Israelites did
This week, the rabbis ask if two half-sins equal a whole one. In what part of a sin is sinfulness located?
This week, the Talmud's rabbis explore possible holy day violations to determine the nature of the sinner
In this week's Talmud study, Jewishness is not just moral and theological matters. It is a way of life.
This week, Talmudic rabbis seek righteousness in the Bible's tales of vice, weakness, and human frailty
This week, deduction and analogy propel the Talmud from the mundane to the miraculous
With The Lawgiver, the best-selling novelist takes another stab at the kind of Hollywood fame he's always coveted
This week's Talmud study reveals legal debates that refine the limits and nature of inherently abstract concepts
When new inventions made widespread sinning the norm, ancient rabbis adapted. The Talmud's God approved.
The origin of a famous anecdote shines light on the compromises of Conservative and Reform Judaism
A Talmudic discussion of Hanukkah and Sabbath candles leads to a lesson in the sacred and profane
Benoit Mandelbrot, the father of fractal geometry, pens a disturbing new memoir on mathematics—and survival
Study of the Talmud's second tractate reveals how the rabbis stuck to logic and made it sacred
Food-obsessed Jews, including an obese matriarch, are subtly rendered in Jami Attenberg's The Middlesteins
The last chapter of the first tractate brings modern readers back to sex, bowel movements, and thunder
This week's Daf Yomi considers—with Chaucerian verve—whether a rabbinic elite spoke for the Jewish people
In a haunting memoir, an Upper West Sider puts family secrets—including AIDS—under the microscope
One Talmudic rabbi's prayers work, while others' fall on deaf ears. Is humility more pleasing to God than pomp?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 24, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 17, 2007
|Priority date
|Oct 17, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul Regen, Peter Garrett
|Original Assignee
|Legacy Ip Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention claims priority to a U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/852,203 filed on Oct. 17, 2006, disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of computer input devices and pertains particularly to illumination of individual keys of a computer input device such as a keyboard or keypad.
2. Discussion of the State of the Art
Advances in illumination technology have led to a variety of types of backlighting techniques for consumer electronics. One application for illumination technology is illuminating keyboards so that the keys are discernable under low-light or no light conditions.
Typically, for more advanced products an electro-luminescent (EL) sheet is used as a low power source of illumination. An EL sheet or panel, sometimes referred to as a lamp, is a flexible translucent polymer sheet containing electrical leads and conductive surface areas treated with coatings of phosphorous or other chemicals that illuminate when exposed to an electrical charge from a power source.
The inventor is aware of a method and apparatus taught by Andrew J. Katrinecz U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,996 entitled "Low Power, Low Cost Illuminated Keyboards and Keypads" hereinafter termed Andrew et al. Andrew et al illustrates manufacturing processes for non-illuminated data-entry devices and mice to the manufacture of illuminated data-entry devices. The method calls for luminescent sheets of one or more colors integrated into a typical manufacturing process for keyboards whereby the sheet is incorporated underlying optically translucent device components to provide illumination of the components visual to a user of the device. The optically translucent components may be doped with phosphors or tinted to provide components that emit light of different colors. The intensity of illumination of the luminescent sheet may be controlled by the user and may vary in response to the background light of the environment.
Although illumination may be adequately produced from the source EL sheet of Andrew, the mechanics of the keyboard and more importantly the keys render the illumination effect produced undesirable in that shadows attributed to overlying keyboard components hinder a user's ability to well discern the correct key characters printed on the key faces above the illumination panel.
The general problem is that the illumination panel is setting to far below the face of the keys and therefore, parallax happens where one cannot see the characters well enough because of shadowing from the underlying mechanics of the keys set above the illumination or EL panel.
Therefore what is clearly needed is a system and method for illuminating the keyboard or keypad in a way that eliminates any parallax or shadowing from key components or other elements of the keyboard architecture.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention an illuminated keyboard is provided, comprising at least one key carried by a support structure and operable to close an electrical contact on being depressed from above, the at least one key having a translucent top surface, a hollow space under the translucent top surface, and an opening into the hollow space other than through the top surface, and an electroluminescent illuminator comprising a region of electroluminescent material enabled to be inserted into the hollow space through the opening.
In one embodiment the keyboard comprises a plurality of keys having translucent top surfaces and open at a bottom extremity providing the opening, the keys arranged in a fixed pattern and guided in operation, and overlying a panel having electroluminescent regions arranged to underlie each of the plurality of keys.
Also in an embodiment the electroluminescent regions are individual extensions from the panel enabled to be inserted through openings in individual keys into the hollow space of each. The support structure may be a keypad of one of a computer keyboard, a keypad on a cellular telephone or a keypad on a personal digital assistant.
In some embodiments the fixed pattern comprises separate rows of keys, and a plurality of separate electroluminescent panels, powered by a common connection, one provided for each row of keys.
In another aspect of the invention a method is provided for illuminating a keyboard, comprising the steps of (a) supporting at least one key from a support structure, the key operable to close an electrical contact on being depressed from above, the at least one key having a translucent top surface, a hollow space under the translucent top surface, and an opening into the hollow space other than through the top surface; and (b) inserting a region of electroluminescent material from an electroluminescent illuminator panel into the hollow space through the opening.
In some embodiments in step (a) a plurality of keys are arranged in a fixed pattern and supported to be illuminated, and in step (b) a panel having electroluminescent regions underlies each of the plurality of keys. In some embodiments the electroluminescent regions are individual extensions from the panel enabled to be inserted through openings in individual keys into the hollow space of each. Also in some embodiments the support structure is a keypad of one of a computer keyboard, a keypad on a cellular telephone or a keypad on a personal digital assistant. In still another embodiment the fixed pattern comprises separate rows of keys, and comprises also a plurality of separate electroluminescent panels, powered by a common connection, one provided for each row of keys.
Top portion 101 has a hollowed interior and four side walls and is generally symmetric and trapezoidal in geometric shape from an elevation perspective in this embodiment. From an overhead perspective, the key top portion is substantially rectangular. Other shapes may be presented without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In this embodiment, the key illustrated is the number 6 key of a traditional input keyboard for a laptop or desktop computer. Other like keys aggregated and making up the total keyboard or keypad keys of an electronic device will have the appropriate printings indicating which key is which in a key array.
It is only required that the top surface 103 of key 100 be translucent, however, the entire key may be fabricated of translucent materials such as a clear or slightly opaque polymer material. Key top portion 101 and key bottom portion 102 are vertically aligned in this embodiment and are separable from one another. Bottom portion 102 need not be of the same geometric shape as top portion 101, for example, an inverted trapezoid. The bottom portion may be rectangular in elevation profile while the top portion may remain trapezoidal in elevation profile. In this case both portions have the same dimensions and are diametrically opposed in alignment with one another. This consideration is simply a matter of design preference.
Key bottom portion 102 may or may not include a hollowed interior. In one embodiment bottom portion 102 may be a solid key-base. Like top portion 101, bottom portion 102 may be fabricated of a translucent polymer; however any solid color polymer material may be used. For example, bottom portion 102 may include a solid top plate 104 translucent or not. Bottom portion 102 does not require a hollowed interior, though one may be provided. In the case of a hollowed interior in the bottom portion 102 of key 100, at least one opening may be provided through a one or opposing walls of the bottom portion such that the interior thereof is accessible from opposing sides of the key body. In this embodiment it is not specifically required because top portion 101 has a hollowed interior and it is accessible via a space between the two key portions when the key is not being depressed.
Key portions 101 and 102 are held in alignment by two or more (in this case 4) plunger posts 105. Posts 105 extend up through the bottom portion 102 of key 100 through openings ordered in a symmetrical pattern and adapted for the purpose. Bottom portion 102 is not affixed in any way to posts 105 and posts 105 may slide freely through the openings provided. The top ends of posts 105 extend to and are affixed to or seated against the underside of the top surface wall 103 of top portion 101 such that when one presses down on surface 103, the key may be depressed downward until it abuts with the bottom portion 102. When one releases the downward force, the top portion returns to the original position. Plunger posts 105 provide a spring tensioned modality to top portion 101 of key 100. Springs or other mechanisms not shown may be provided and housed between the key portions or between the plunger post bottom ends and circuit board hardware. The act of pressing key 100 results in registry of the key's input on the host computing device as is the case with traditional keys.
In one embodiment of the invention, surface 104 may support an electroluminescent panel (EL) strip or tab arranged such that the side of illumination of the strip or tab faces upward underneath translucent surface 103 thereby providing illumination to key 100 above the plane of any shadow-inducing hardware. In one case, an EL strip may be supported directly on surface 104 in congruence with a row of keys arrayed on a keyboard or keypad. In another case one EL panel may have EL tabs provided therein and strategically placed to intersect with the appropriate keys of a keyboard or keypad being adapted for illumination such that the tab ends may be inserted into individual ones of the keys with the illumination side of the tab facing toward surface 103.
In this example the keys are illuminated by an EL strip 204 having an electric lead 205 that may be soldered or otherwise connected to the appropriate power leads on a circuit board. In this example, EL strip 204 is threaded through keys 201, 202, and 203 in approximately a sine wave pattern to allow for slack in key depression. The luminescent side of EL strip 204 faces upward, thereby illuminating each of keys 201, 202, and 203 in the row. There may be 6 or more strips fashioned for a keyboard having 6 rows of keys to be illuminated, for example. The strips 204 may be provided in a single EL sheet having one electrical connection to the circuit board for power such that each of the strips illuminates when power id provided to lead 205. Alternatively, completely separate EL strips may be provided and chained together electrically at one junction point with the circuit board of the device.
In this embodiment, an EL sheet or panel 306 is provided having an electrical lead 305 adapted to receive power from a host device. EL sheet 306 is disposed beneath the bottoms of keys 301-303. Portions of EL panel 306 are formed into tabs 307 that may be disposed upward from the plane of the panel and the ends of which may be inserted into associative keys. The tabs 307 are formed strategically for each key in each row to be illuminated so that there is an EL tab for each key in an array.
In this embodiment, the illumination side of the EL panel faces downward but due to the position of each inserted tab 307 turns upward with insertion and faces the top surface of the keys. In one embodiment only the tab surfaces of the panel are treated with florescent chemical so that illumination is centered within each key. One panel may be provided with as many strategically placed tabs as might be required to facilitate a particular key array.
In this embodiment, a single sheet may be fabricated in the shape and key pattern of an entire keyboard or keypad and is installed over the key bottom portions of the keys over the plunger posts, the openings in the sheet aligning with the plunger posts. The top portions of keys 301-303 may then be installed or seated to the upper post ends such as by press fit or gluing.
Such keys may be formed or molded of a single translucent polymer material that may be rigid or semi-rigid depending on the key depression architecture planned. For example, key plungers may be affixed to the bottom of a rigid or semi-rigid key so that the key is depressed and moves in whole to register a keystroke. Keys 501-503 have hollow interiors to enable insertion of the EL tabs.
This embodiment is like that of the embodiment of
It will be apparent to one with skill in the art that other embodiments may be conceived with respect to varying key architecture and EL panel configuration without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, instead of placing the tab insert openings on a side wall, they may be provided on the underside wall of each key. Moreover, an EL strip embodiment may also be implemented with single bodied keys having openings on both key sides to thread the strip through the key.
In this case, the process assumes the presence of tabs or strips in the EL panel or sheet. At step 602 it is determined if tab insertion will be implemented. At step 602 if tabs are present then at step 603, the tabs are inserted free end first into the individual associated keys. If at step 602, no tabs are present then it is assumed that strips are present for each key row. In this case, at step 604, the strips are threaded through the keys linearly down each row.
In either case, at step 605 the electrical lead is provided and connected for enabling power to charge the EL sheet. At step 606, the EL sheet is charged illuminating the strip or tab surfaces thereby illuminating the keys of the keyboard or keypad.
In one embodiment, the process uses a single EL sheet with no strips or tabs. In this case, steps 602, 603, and 604 are not required and are replaced by a step for placing the EL sheet into position over plunger posts of the keys with the tops off. Then a step is provided for seating the key tops to the plunger post tops to finish the installation. The process in this case then resumes with step 606. The process ends at step 607.
It will be apparent to one with skill in the art that the keyboard or keypad illumination system of the invention may be provided using some or all of the mentioned features and components without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will also be apparent to the skilled artisan that the embodiments described above are specific examples of a single broader invention which may have greater scope than any of the singular descriptions taught. There may be many alterations made in the descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1998
|Jun 12, 2001
|Molex Incorporated
|Electroluminescent lamp and having a flexible dome-shaped substrate
|Mar 10, 2000
|Apr 16, 2002
|Seiko Precision, Inc.
|Light illuminating type switch
|Nov 12, 1999
|Jul 20, 2004
|Lightpath Technologies, Inc.
|Backlighting for computer keyboard
|Nov 26, 2002
|Mar 1, 2005
|Darfon Electronics Corp
|Illuminated keyboard switch structure
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 2013
|Jul 5, 2016
|Primax Electronics Ltd.
|Illuminated keyboard
|Feb 6, 2013
|May 22, 2014
|Primax Electronics Ltd.
|Illuminated keyboard
|U.S. Classification
|200/314, 200/310
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 10, 2008
Owner name: ENNOVA DIRECT, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REGEN, PAUL;GARRETT, PETER;REEL/FRAME:020625/0691
Effective date: 20080222
|Aug 20, 2009
Owner name: LEGACY IP LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ENNOVA DIRECT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023125/0458
Effective date: 20090805
|Apr 4, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 24, 2014
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 14, 2014
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20140824


text: Canada and Italy came a bit early... tikitaco next random Comment Top NextComment Pokemon X and Y pre-order copies came early to Italy and Canada, I say we smuggle all the copies for ourselves! Credit to Pokemon-fans on tumblr. next Tags: Pokemon | prerelease | early | canada | Italy +206 Views: 16448 Submitted: 10/08/2013 Share On Facebook


text:
Pittsburgh, PAUSA
Hometown: Boston, MA.
January 11, 2012
I know I like it.
Lagers, pilsners, IPAs, wheat beers.
No answer yet
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text:
Soon, getting buzz on Google might also get you a mention on a new web-based television channel.
In the past hour or so, a new web-based TV station called Current (formerly known as INdTV) was introduced in San Francisco. Former Vice President Al Gore (remember when he visited the Googleplex?) is chairman of the network. Gore and and group of investors purchased INdTV from Vivendi in May.
So, where does Google get involved?
Current will use Google search data and Google Zeitgeist lists for "Google Current" segments that will air each half-hour.
From the Current launch press release (PDF format):
Thirty seconds to three minutes in length, these segments buck conventional news practices by reporting not on what media
editors decide is ?news,? but on the topics people are actually searching for right now.
?We?re pleased to collaborate with the entire Current team to help this network make the world?s information more accessible,? said Sergey Brin,
Google?s co-founder and president of Technology.
?Current is an exciting new direction for TV programming that enables any viewer to have the opportunity to broadcast their video to the world,? said Larry Page, Google?s
co-founder and president of Products.
The release also has more details on the service.
No word if the segments will be searchable on Google Video (-:
Current is targeting the 18-34 market and will debut on August 1, 2005.
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