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In theory, since international LTE model GT-i9505 and T-Mobile Galaxy S4 SGH-M919 share the exact same hardware as AT&T Galaxy S4 SGH-i337, it should be possible to install GT-i9505/T-Mobile custom ROMs on your AT&T Galaxy S4.
Well, I tried it today and it works just fine. You will need to install a custom kernel such as KTweaker kernel after installing ROM though to bypass the locked bootloader on your AT&T Galaxy S4.
For Canadian SGH-i337M users, you don't need to install a custom kernel, just install any GT-i9505/T-Mobile custom ROMs and they should work out of the box but do check for modem in the ROM file also.
To install GT-i9505/T-Mobile custom ROMs on your AT&T Galaxy S4:
First, make sure there's no modem.bin file in the custom ROM zip file. You can easily check this by opening the ROM zip file.
Second, make sure you are using GT-i9505 custom ROMs NOT GT-i9500! GT-i9500 uses different Octa-core CPU, meaning you can hard-brick your phone so just make sure you are using GT-i9505 or T-Mobile custom ROMs.
Third, you can use TWRP or CWM recovery. If you get Status 7 Error during install, you need to remove asserts using this method.


text:
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Most Cited Eating Behaviors Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Mindfulness meditation as an intervention for binge eating, emotional eating, and weight loss: A systematic reviewShawn N. Katterman | Brighid M. Kleinman | Megan M. Hood | Lisa M. Nackers | Joyce A. Corsica
Volume 15, Issue 2, April 2014, Pages 197-204
Mindfulness-based approaches are growing in popularity as interventions for disordered eating and weight loss. Initial research suggests that mindfulness meditation may be an effective intervention for binge eating; however, no systematic review has examined interventions where mindfulness meditation was the primary intervention and no review has examined its effect on subclinical disordered eating or weight. Using the PRISMA method for systematic reviews, we reviewed 14 studies that investigated mindfulness meditation as the primary intervention and assessed binge eating, emotional eating, and/or weight change. Results suggest that mindfulness meditation effectively decreases binge eating and emotional eating in populations engaging in this behavior; evidence for its effect on weight is mixed. Additional research is warranted to determine comparative effectiveness and long-term effects of mindfulness training. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Food cravings in food addiction: The distinct role of positive reinforcementAdrian Meule | Andrea Kübler
Volume 13, Issue 3, August 2012, Pages 252-255
Craving for a particular substance is an essential characteristic of addictive behavior. Increasing evidence suggests that food cravings and excessive food consumption could similarly be due to addictive processes. Recently, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was introduced for identifying individuals with addictive eating patterns. We conducted an online study (n= 616, 75.8% female) in which participants filled out the YFAS and the Food Cravings Questionnaire- Trait (FCQ-T). Participants diagnosed as being addicted to food using the YFAS had higher scores on all food craving subscales except for anticipation of positive reinforcement that may result from eating. In a subsequent regression analysis, all food craving subscales positively predicted food addiction symptoms while positive reinforcement negatively predicted food addiction symptoms. Similar to other addictive behaviors, results indicate that individuals with addictive eating patterns experience more food cravings, but concurrently do not expect a positive reinforcement through eating. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Norms and discriminative validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)Jiska J. Aardoom | Alexandra E. Dingemans | Margarita C T Slof Op't Landt | Eric F. Van Furth
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2012, Pages 305-309
The first aim of this study was to provide norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a diverse and large clinical sample of individuals with an eating disorder (ED), and a general population sample without an ED. Norms for individuals with obesity without an ED were also provided, as a more relevant comparison group for individuals with binge eating disorder. The second aim was to investigate the discriminative validity of the EDE-Q. A sample of females with an ED (N= 935), women from the general population without an ED (N= 235), and obese females without an ED (N= 321) completed the EDE-Q. Explorative factor analyses did not support the theorized four subscales of the EDE-Q. Norms for EDE-Q global scores were provided for each of the three samples. Within the ED sample, norms were provided separately for patients with different ED diagnoses. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed the EDE-Q global score to be highly accurate in discriminating individuals with an ED from those without, and moderately accurate in discriminating individuals with binge eating disorder from those with obesity. The presented norms contribute to a more accurate interpretation of EDE-Q scores, providing an index of the severity level of ED psychopathology. Furthermore, these norms can be used to assess clinical significant change during treatment. In addition, this study demonstrates that the EDE-Q, when using its global score, is a valid instrument to assess levels of ED psychopathology. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale among a weight-loss surgery populationShannon M. Clark | Karen K. Saules
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 216-219
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), recently validated in college students and binge eaters, is a means to assess "food addiction" in accordance with DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence. Using online survey methodology, we aimed to validate the use of the YFAS among weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. Participants completed measures about pre-WLS food addiction (YFAS), emotional and binge eating, behavioral activation and inhibition, and pre- and post-WLS substance use. A sample of 67 WLS patients (59.7% Roux-en-Y) was recruited; participants were 62.7% female, 86.6% Caucasian, had a mean age of 42.7; and 53.7% met the criteria for pre-WLS food addiction. Convergent validity was found between the YFAS and measures of emotional eating (. r=. .368, p<. .05) and binge eating (. r=. .469, p<. .05). Discriminant validity was supported in that problematic substance use, behavioral activation, and behavioral inhibition were not associated with YFAS scores. Incremental validity was supported in that the YFAS explained a significant proportion of additional variance in binge eating scores, beyond that predicted by emotional eating (EES) and disordered eating behavior (EAT-26). Those meeting the food addiction criteria had poorer percent total weight loss outcomes (32% vs. 27%). There was a nonsignificant trend towards those with higher food addiction being more likely to admit to post-WLS problematic substance use (i.e., potential "addiction transfer"; 53% vs. 39%). Results support the use of the YFAS as a valid measure of food addiction among WLS patients. Future research with a larger sample may shed light on potentially important relationships between pre-surgical food addiction and both weight and substance use outcomes. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Eating pathology, emotion regulation, and emotional overeating in obese adults with binge eating disorderLoren M. Gianini | Marney A. White | Robin M. Masheb
Volume 14, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 309-313
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship among emotional regulation, emotional overeating, and general eating pathology in a treatment seeking sample of adults with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Method: The sample was composed of 326 adults (248 women, 78 men) who were obese and met DSM-IV-TR criteria for BED. Prior to treatment, participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Emotional Overeating Questionnaire (EOQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) as part of a larger assessment battery. Results: A series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that difficulties with emotion regulation accounted for unique variance in both emotional overeating and general eating pathology above and beyond sex and negative affect. Discussion: Emotion regulation may play a significant role in the maintenance of emotional overeating and eating pathology in obese adults with BED. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fearsCheri A. Levinson | Thomas L. Rodebaugh
Volume 13, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 27-35
Social anxiety and eating disorders are highly comorbid. However, it is unknown how specific domains of social anxiety relate to disordered eating. We provide data on these relationships and investigate social appearance anxiety and fear of negative evaluation as potential vulnerabilities linking social anxiety with disordered eating. Specifically, we examined five domains of social anxiety: Social interaction anxiety, fear of scrutiny, fear of positive evaluation, fear of negative evaluation, and social appearance anxiety. Results indicated that social appearance anxiety predicted body dissatisfaction, bulimic symptoms, shape concern, weight concern, and eating concern over and above fear of scrutiny, social interaction anxiety, and fear of positive evaluation. Fear of negative evaluation uniquely predicted drive for thinness and restraint. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which social appearance anxiety and fear of negative evaluation are vulnerabilities for both social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms. Interventions that target these negative social evaluation fears may help prevent development of eating disorders. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disordersCláudia Ferreira | José Pinto-Gouveia | Cristiana Duarte
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 207-210
The current study examines the role of self-compassion in face of shame and body image dissatisfaction, in 102 female eating disorders' patients, and 123 women from general population.Self-compassion was negatively associated with external shame, general psychopathology, and eating disorders' symptomatology. In women from the general population increased external shame predicted drive for thinness partially through lower self-compassion; also, body image dissatisfaction directly predicted drive for thinness. However, in the patients' sample increased shame and body image dissatisfaction predicted increased drive for thinness through decreased self-compassion.These results highlight the importance of the affiliative emotion dimensions of self-compassion in face of external shame, body image dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, emphasising the relevance of cultivating a self-compassionate relationship in eating disorders' patients. © 2013.
Race, weight, and correlates of binge eating in female college studentsMelissa A. Napolitano | Susan Himes
Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 29-36
This study examined the correlates of race, weight status, and binge eating among 715 female undergraduate students (77% Caucasian; 13% African American) enrolled at an urban university. Approximately 21.7% of Caucasians and 36.8% of African-Americans (AA) were overweight/obese. Higher BMI was associated with BED, and severity of binge eating symptoms. After removing participants who endorsed compensatory behaviors ≥ 1×/week from the analyses, 8.4% of the sample met criteria for BED (2.4% of the AA and 9.9% of the Caucasian students) and 44% reported severe binge eating symptoms. AA students were less likely to have BED than Caucasian students and reported less severe binge eating symptomatology. For Caucasian students, mood, cognitive restraint, drive for thinness, and BMI all contributed significant individual variance in binge eating severity. For African Americans, mood, body image dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness were found to be unique contributors. For those meeting criteria for BED, retrospectively recalled predictors of binge eating included negative affect (e.g., self-anger, worry, guilt), but not hunger. Behavioral triggers for binge behavior differed by race, as well, with African American students retrospectively reporting lower levels of anxiety prior to bingeing. Results from this study suggest that there are racial differences in binge eating behaviors. Future studies are needed to examine differences in eating practices among racial groups (e.g., grazing, large portions, high fat food preparation) that may contribute to early onset weight gain and obesity. The results suggest the importance of sensitive tailored weight and disordered eating interventions for college women from diverse backgrounds. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Comparing thought suppression and acceptance as coping techniques for food cravingsNic Hooper | Emily K. Sandoz | Jennifer Ashton | Amelia Clarke | Louise McHugh
Volume 13, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 62-64
Handling food cravings seems to play a major role in weight management. Many try to simply avoid cravings. However, avoidance based techniques like thought suppression can make attempts to deal with cravings more difficult. Recent research suggests that acceptance based techniques, such as defusion, may be a plausible alternative. The current study aimed to compare these two techniques. Participants were instructed in either a thought suppression or defusion technique at the beginning of a week-long period of attempted chocolate abstinence. A control group was given no instruction. It was predicted that the participants given the defusion intervention would eat less chocolate during six days and during a final taste test. It was found that participants in the defusion group ate significantly less chocolate during the taste test than other groups. However, no difference was found in the amount of chocolate eaten throughout the duration of the experiment. The results are discussed in terms of the possible utility of acceptance based techniques in promoting weight management. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for childrenAshley N. Gearhardt | Christina A. Roberto | Marissa J. Seamans | William R. Corbin | Kelly D. Brownell
Volume 14, Issue 4, December 2013, Pages 508-512
Introduction: Evidence is growing that an addictive process may play a role in problematic eating behavior. The majority of research on this topic has examined the concept of "food addiction" solely in adult samples. If certain foods have addictive potential, children may be impacted as much as (or more) than adults due to psychological and neurobiological vulnerabilities at younger developmental stages. In the current study, we developed a measure of food addiction in children that reflects the diagnostic indicators of addiction. Materials and methods: The content and reading level of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was altered to be appropriate for children (YFAS-C). The YFAS-C and other eating-related measures were administered to study participants to examine the validity and reliability of the YFAS-C. Participants: 75 children were recruited from the community ranging from lean to obese. Results: The validation of the YFAC-C provides preliminary support for its convergent validity with like constructs and incremental validity in predicting body mass index. Internal consistency was adequate given the small number of items on the scale. Discussion: The YFAS-C appears to be a helpful tool for identifying addictive-like eating in children. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q)Karina L. Allen | Susan M. Byrne | Amy Lampard | Hunna Watson | Anthea Fursland
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 143-151
Objective: To compare the goodness-of-fit of five models of Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) data, in clinical and community samples. Method: The EDE-Q was administered to 228 eating disorder patients and 211 non-eating disordered university students. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the validity of the original four EDE-Q subscales with that of brief one-factor, extended one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor models. Measurement invariance across the two samples was considered. Results: The only model to provide an acceptable fit to the data was the brief one-factor model consisting of eight Weight and Shape Concern items. Scores on this scale correlated highly with the original EDE-Q subscales. Conclusion: The reliability of the EDE-Q may be increased if a modified scoring system is used. This complements findings from recent research with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The association of "food addiction" with disordered eating and body mass indexAshley N. Gearhardt | Rebecca G. Boswell | Marney A. White
Volume 15, Issue 3, January 2014, Pages 427-433
Introduction: The contribution of an addictive process to elevated body mass index (BMI) and disordered eating is an area of growing interest. Yet, little is known about how "food addiction" may be related to disordered eating and obesity. The ability of addictive-like eating to account for eating pathology not captured by traditional eating disorders is unknown. No prior research has examined the association of "food addiction" with bulimia nervosa (BN). Finally, little is understood about the association of "food addiction" with patterns of dieting and weight gain. The current study was conducted to address these gaps in the literature. Material and methods: Participants (N. = 815) were recruited from online advertisements nationwide and completed measures related to "food addiction", BMI, weight history, and disordered eating. Results: Addictive-like eating was associated with elevated current and lifetime highest BMI, weight cycling, and eating pathology. The prevalence of "food addiction" was higher in participants with BN than in those with binge eating disorder (BED). "Food addiction" continued to be related to clinically relevant variables, especially elevated BMI, even when participants did not meet criteria for BED or BN. The co-occurrence of "food addiction" with eating disorders appears to be associated with a more severe variant of eating pathology. Discussion: An addictive-type response to highly palatable food may be contributing to eating-related problems, including obesity and eating disorders. BN relative to BED appears to be more strongly associated with "food addiction." Additionally, the concept of "food addiction" appears to capture clinically relevant information in participants who do not meet criteria for either BN or BED. Further examination of "food addiction" may be important in understanding the mechanisms underlying certain types of problematic eating behavior. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and actionSuzanne J. Schoenefeld | Jennifer B. Webb
Volume 14, Issue 4, December 2013, Pages 493-496
Self-compassion has been linked to higher levels of psychological well-being. The current study evaluated whether this effect also extends to a more adaptive food intake process. More specifically, this study investigated the relationship between self-compassion and intuitive eating among 322 college women. In order to further clarify the nature of this relationship this research additionally examined the indirect effects of self-compassion on intuitive eating through the pathways of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action using both parametric and non-parametric bootstrap resampling analytic procedures. Results based on responses to the self-report measures of the constructs of interest indicated that individual differences in body image acceptance and action (β= .31, p< .001) but not distress tolerance (β= .00, p= .94) helped explain the relationship between self-compassion and intuitive eating. This effect was retained in a subsequent model adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and self-esteem (β= .19, p<. .05). Results provide preliminary support for a complementary perspective on the role of acceptance in the context of intuitive eating to that of existing theory and research. The present findings also suggest the need for additional research as it relates to the development and fostering of self-compassion as well as the potential clinical implications of using acceptance-based interventions for college-aged women currently engaging in or who are at risk for disordered eating patterns.© 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Binge eating and binge drinking: An integrative reviewCaitlin Ferriter | Lara A. Ray
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 99-107
The primary goal of this review is to provide a framework for understanding two highly overlapping behaviors: binge eating and binge drinking. Research is presented that suggests binge eating and drinking behaviors may share several important features, including personality correlates such as neuroticism and urgency, as well as affective characteristics, such as elevated levels of negative affect. Additionally, the review describes common explanatory models, which are helpful in terms of their potential to link these common features to the functions of, or reasons why individuals engage in, binge eating and drinking behaviors. Implications for understanding potentially common etiological pathways and development of interventions designed to target multiple behaviors are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A laboratory-based study of mood and binge eating behavior in overweight childrenAndrea B. Goldschmidt | Marian Tanofsky-Kraff | Denise E. Wilfley
Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 37-43
Purpose: Associations between negative mood and binge eating in the laboratory are well-established in adults, but such data are limited in youth. We investigated the relation between mood and binge eating in children using a laboratory feeding paradigm. Method: Overweight girls, aged 6-12. years, with (BE; n=23) and without (control, CON; n=23) reported objective and/or subjective binge eating underwent both sad and neutral mood inductions, followed by multi-item buffet meals. Results: The Group × Mood Condition interaction for overall energy intake was non-significant. However, BE girls consumed more energy from fat in the sad condition as compared to the neutral condition. Baseline mood predicted BE girls' likelihood of reporting loss of control during the sad condition test meal. Conclusions: Results suggest that emotional eating episodes in children reporting aberrant eating may be characterized by the experience of loss of control, rather than the consumption of objectively large amounts of food. Interventions focused on affect regulation may minimize the adverse consequences of pediatric binge eating. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Dietary energy density and successful weight loss maintenanceHollie A. Raynor | Emily L. Van Walleghen | Jessica L. Bachman | Shannon M. Looney | Suzanne Phelan | Rena R. Wing
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 119-125
Research shows a positive relationship between dietary energy density (ED) and body mass index (BMI), but dietary ED of weight loss maintainers is unknown. This preliminary investigation was a secondary data analysis that compared self-reported dietary ED and food group servings consumed in overweight adults (OW: BMI=27-45kg/m 2), normal weight adults (NW: BMI=19-24.9kg/m 2), and weight loss maintainers (WLM: current BMI=19-24.9kg/m 2 [lost≥10% of maximum body weight and maintained loss for ≥5years]) participating in 2 studies, with data collected from July 2006 to March 2007. Three 24-h phone dietary recalls from 287 participants (OW=97, NW=85, WLM=105) assessed self-reported dietary intake. ED (kcal/g) was calculated by three methods (food+all beverages except water [F+AB], food+caloric beverages [F+CB], and food only [FO]). Differences in self-reported consumption of dietary ED, food group servings, energy, grams of food/beverages, fat, and fiber were assessed using one-way MANCOVA, adjusting for age, sex, and weekly energy expenditure from self-reported physical activity. ED, calculated by all three methods, was significantly lower in WLM than in NW or OW (FO: WLM=1.39±0.45kcal/g; NW=1.60±0.43kcal/g; OW=1.83±0.42kcal/g). Self-reported daily servings of vegetables and whole grains consumed were significantly higher in WLM compared to NW and OW (vegetables: WLM=4.9±3.1 servings/day; NW=3.9±2.0 servings/day; OW=3.4±1.7 servings/day; whole grains: WLM=2.2±1.8 servings/day; NW=1.4±1.2 servings/day; OW=1.3±1.3 servings/day). WLM self-reported consuming significantly less energy from fat and more fiber than the other two groups. Self-reported energy intake per day was significantly lower in WLM than OW, and WLM self-reported consuming significantly more grams of food/beverages per day than OW. These preliminary findings suggest that consuming a diet lower in ED, characterized by greater intake of vegetables and whole grains, may aid with weight loss maintenance and should be further tested in prospective randomized controlled trials. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Perceived norms for thinness and muscularity among college students: What do men and women really want?Joel R. Grossbard | Clayton Neighbors | Mary E. Larimer
Volume 12, Issue 3, August 2011, Pages 192-199
Background: Perceived norms are related to health-related attitudes and behaviors, including body image. The current study examined body dissatisfaction and perceived norms for thinness and muscularity among male and female college students. Method: Participants included 842 undergraduate students (64.5% female) who completed an online survey assessing body image and other health-related attitudes and behaviors. A series of independent sample and paired sample t tests were conducted to document sex differences in body dissatisfaction and misperceptions of thinness and muscularity norms. Results: Based on pictorial ratings, both males and females reported discrepancies between their ideal and actual figures. Females perceived other females as significantly thinner and less muscular than the actual norms. Males perceived other males as significantly heavier than their own figures, but the difference between men's self-reported muscularity and perceived norm was not significant. Both males and females misperceived opposite-sex attractiveness norms for thinness and muscularity. Discussion: Results suggest the importance of evaluating same-sex and opposite-sex perceived norms of thinness and muscularity in the etiology of body dissatisfaction, and this research informs social norms interventions targeting misperceptions of body image norms among both males and females. © 2011.
Comparing live and remote models in eating conformity researchJustin R. Feeney | Janet Polivy | Patricia Pliner | Margot D. Sullivan
Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 75-77
Research demonstrates that people conform to how much other people eat. This conformity occurs in the presence of other people (live model) and when people view information about how much food prior participants ate (remote models). The assumption in the literature has been that remote models produce a similar effect to live models, but this has never been tested. To investigate this issue, we randomly paired participants with a live or remote model and compared their eating to those who ate alone. We found that participants exposed to both types of model differed significantly from those in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two modeling procedures. © 2010.
Women with elevated food addiction symptoms show accelerated reactions, but no impaired inhibitory control, in response to pictures of high-calorie food-cuesAdrian Meule | Annika Lutz | Claus Vögele | Andrea Kübler
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2012, Pages 423-428
Addictive behaviors are accompanied by a lack of inhibitory control, specifically when individuals are confronted with substance-related cues. Thus, we expected women with symptoms of food addiction to be impaired in inhibitory control, when confronted with palatable, high-calorie food-cues. Female college students (N= 50) were divided in low and high food addiction groups based on the symptom count of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Participants performed a Go/No-go-task with high-calorie food-cues or neutral pictures presented behind the targets. Self-reported impulsivity was also assessed. The high food addiction group had faster reaction times in response to food-cues as compared to neutral cues and reported higher attentional impulsivity than the low food addiction group. Commission and omission errors did not differ between groups or picture types. Hence, women with food addiction symptoms reported higher attentional impulsivity and reacted faster in response to food-cues, although neither increased self-reported motor impulsivity nor impaired behavioral inhibition was found. Food addiction symptoms seem to be related to attentional aspects of impulsivity but not other facets of impulsivity. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
A review of visual cues associated with food on food acceptance and consumptionDevina Wadhera | Elizabeth D. Capaldi-Phillips
Volume 15, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 132-143
Several sensory cues affect food intake including appearance, taste, odor, texture, temperature, and flavor. Although taste is an important factor regulating food intake, in most cases, the first sensory contact with food is through the eyes. Few studies have examined the effects of the appearance of a food portion on food acceptance and consumption. The purpose of this review is to identify the various visual factors associated with food such as proximity, visibility, color, variety, portion size, height, shape, number, volume, and the surface area and their effects on food acceptance and consumption. We suggest some ways that visual cues can be used to increase fruit and vegetable intake in children and decrease excessive food intake in adults. In addition, we discuss the need for future studies that can further establish the relationship between several unexplored visual dimensions of food (specifically shape, number, size, and surface area) and food intake. © 2013.
Evaluating the indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity through cognitive-affective self-regulatory pathwaysJennifer B. Webb | Mallory J. Forman
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 224-228
Current theory and evidence point to disruptions in self-concept and difficulties with emotion regulation as contributing to the severity of binge eating. Alternatively, contemporary perspectives on self-compassion suggest that individual differences in this adaptive approach to self-regulation may serve to counteract these cognitive-affective triggers presumably resulting in reductions in binge eating severity. Accordingly, the present cross-sectional analysis examined an indirect effect model of positive dimensions of self-compassion on binge eating severity through both emotional tolerance and unconditional self-acceptance pathways. Two hundred fifteen undergraduate students (78% female) completed self-report measures of the variables of interest; BMI was calculated from self-reported heights and weights. Pearson's correlations revealed a positive linear association between self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance; negative links were observed between self-compassion and emotional intolerance along with the severity of binge eating symptoms. A subsequent multiple mediator analysis utilizing both normal test theory and robust non-parametric bootstrap resampling procedures confirmed the presence of a significant total indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity (-. .15, p. <. 0.001) through the combined mediators along with yielding specific indirect effects for both emotional tolerance (-. .05, p. <. 0.05) and unconditional self-acceptance (-. .11, p. <. 0.01) which were preserved in a model adjusted for BMI. Preliminary results underscore the need to further evaluate the tenability of this model in both prospective cohort and intervention-based research. Findings additionally invite considering the value of integrating self-compassion training into college health promotion efforts towards mitigating the appreciable levels of binge eating behavior prevalent in this at-risk population. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
The impact of age and BMI on Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) scores in a community sampleØyvind Rø | Deborah L. Reas | Jan Rosenvinge
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 158-161
Objectives: The primary objectives for this study were to establish normative data for the EDE-Q in a nationally representative sample of women and to investigate the unique and relative effects of age and BMI. Methods: A community sample of 3000 women aged 16-50 was randomly selected from the Norwegian National Population Register. Results: Mean global EDE-Q was 1.27 (SD = 1.19). EDE-Q scores decreased significantly with age yet increased with BMI. In the regression model, BMI and age accounted for 19% versus 2%, respectively, of the global EDE-Q. Extreme shape and weight concerns appeared to drive the higher global EDE-Q scores for individuals with overweight or obesity, with 30-40% scoring above the recommended clinical cut-off for Shape and Weight Concern. Conclusions: Higher EDE-Q scores, largely driven by elevated shape and weight concerns, appear normative among individuals with obesity in a nationally representative population. BMI should be routinely considered when establishing criteria for defining recovery and determining clinical significance using the EDE-Q. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Effects of stress and coping on binge eating in female college studentsMichael L. Sulkowski | Jack Dempsey | Allison G. Dempsey
Volume 12, Issue 3, August 2011, Pages 188-191
Limited research exists on the association between stress, coping, and binge eating. To address this paucity, this study explores these associations in a sample of 147 female college students, an at-risk population for binge eating. We hypothesized that emotional and avoidant coping would be positively associated with stress and binge eating. Conversely, we expected that rational and detached coping would be negatively related to stress and binge eating. Furthermore, we expected these coping styles to mediate the relationship between stress and binge eating. As predicted, emotion-focused and avoidant coping were positively associated with stress and binge eating. Additionally, emotion-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between stress and binge eating. However, no association was found between stress, rational or detached coping, and binge eating. These results are discussed within the context of a negative reinforcement model of binge eating. Lastly, the importance of providing evidence-based treatment for individuals with binge eating symptomology is discussed in light of our findings. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Relations between pure dietary and dietary-negative affect subtypes and impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity in binge eating individualsIsabelle Carrard | Christelle Crépin | Grazia Ceschi | Alain Golay | Martial Van der Linden
Volume 13, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 13-19
To investigate potential predictors of the severity of binge eating disorder (BED), two subtypes of patients with the disorder, a pure dietary subtype and a dietary-negative affect subtype, were identified. This study investigated the relationships between the two subtypes and impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity. Ninety-two women meeting threshold and subthreshold criteria for BED diagnosis filled out questionnaires to determine eating disorder severity, impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity before and after participating in an online guided self-help program for BED. Cluster analyses revealed a pure dietary subtype (N=66, 71.7%) and a dietary-negative affect subtype (N=26, 28.3%). Compared to the pure dietary subtype, the dietary-negative affect subtype reported a higher frequency of objective binge episodes, more severe eating disorders, higher urgency scores (defined as a tendency to act rashly in the context of negative affect), a greater sensitivity to punishment, and a higher dropout rate during treatment. These findings suggest that BED patients in the dietary-negative affect subtype exhibit heightened anxiety and are highly impulsive, especially in contexts of negative affect. For these individuals, psychological interventions for BED should focus on inhibiting automatic responses to negative emotions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Attentional bias modification encourages healthy eatingNaomi Kakoschke | Eva Kemps | Marika Tiggemann
Volume 15, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 120-124
The continual exposure to unhealthy food cues in the environment encourages poor dietary habits, in particular consuming too much fat and sugar, and not enough fruit and vegetables. According to Berridge's (2009) model of food reward, unhealthy eating is a behavioural response to biased attentional processing. The present study used an established attentional bias modification paradigm to discourage the consumption of unhealthy food and instead promote healthy eating. Participants were 146 undergraduate women who were randomly assigned to two groups: one was trained to direct their attention toward pictures of healthy food ('attend healthy' group) and the other toward unhealthy food ('attend unhealthy' group). It was found that participants trained to attend to healthy food cues demonstrated an increased attentional bias for such cues and ate relatively more of the healthy than unhealthy snacks compared to the 'attend unhealthy' group. Theoretically, the results support the postulated link between biased attentional processing and consumption (Berridge, 2009). At a practical level, they offer potential scope for interventions that focus on eating well. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.


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In a teaser for the new season of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, her husband Joe Giudice says, "Hi honey, welcome home!" as the mom of four sobs and embraces their crying children.
Teresa, 43, was released from the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut, on Dec. 23, 2015, after being found guilty of fraud charges in October 2014.
For much more from Teresa Giudice, plus an exclusive interview with her husband Joe as he prepares to serve his own prison sentence, pick up this week's issue of PEOPLE, on newsstands Friday
In this week's issue of PEOPLE, she offers exclusive insight into her family's happy life together before Joe, 43, reports to prison in March for a 42-month sentence.
"They're very attached," she says of daughters Gia, 15, Gabriella, 12, MIlania, 10, and Audriana, 6. "They're like, 'When are you going to be home? Are you going to be home when I'm back from school?' They ask me that every day. [And they give me] lots of hugs and kisses, which I love."
Congrats to my SIL @Teresa_Giudice for writing #turningthetables !! It's a new year! Xo— Melissa Gorga (@melissagorga) February 9, 2016
RHONJ season 7 will premiere later this year on Bravo. Teresa's sister-in-law Melissa Gorga – who tweeted congratulations about her new book Turning the Tables on Tuesday – will also star in the show again.


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Violin Concerto
Andrej Kurti, violin
September 22, 2016 • 7:30 p.m. • Waco Hall
Romeo and Juliet: Suite No. 2, op. 64ter
Violin Concerto in D, op. 35
The Waco Symphony Orchestra offers quality orchestral music for all of Central Texas. The Orchestra, led by music director/conductor Stephen Heyde, features a variety of world-renowned soloists at its Season concerts, which run from September through April.
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Pink - 120x Fairy Mini Led Lights Centerpieces Table Top Indoor Outdoor Patio Pool Floating Decor Waterproof
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120 Pieces Fairy Berries Like Tiny LED Lights in PINK COLORS. This little LED ball is approx .75" diameter. The floating, water resistant design of the fairy berry is perfect for illuminating water features and pools! Each one has a tiny white LED that fades on and off slowly, producing a unique moving firefly or fairy light effect. No other product has this look! Ideal for outdoor parties and Halloween/Holiday decor to table centerpieces and flower arrangements. Wedding receptions, birthday cake accents, unique Christmas tree lighting. More colors available: White, Warm White, Red, Pink, Amber, Green, Blue, Purple, Teal, and RGB. Let me know if you are looking for different color or quantities. Thanks.
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I recently graduated college. I grew up as a once a week lesson kid and came into college w/t/c & jumping cross rails. Had no significant concept of leads, distances, etc. Over the last couple years I've been able to take lessons multiple times a week and my riding has improved exponentially. People are now paying me to condition or care for their horses. My goal is to buy my very first horse in 2014. Basically, I'm on a real upswing in my horse career...
Well today I was offered a nice job (I'm currently working temp or p/t jobs). It's with a great company and I think I would really enjoy the job and the people. The catch? It's in Costa Rica.
So who has spent a year or more away from horses when they didn't really want to? The big problem is, I don't know what I want to do for my career. Recently some things have pointed me to pursuing horses, and I feel like this would throw a real hitch in that. On the other hand, it's f***in' Costa Rica and I feel like I would be crazy to give it up!
Words of wisdom please.


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Linux at Holt Public Schools
Linux program at your school
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Thank you
Angelina Padilla
Linux Distro
Hi Angelina,
I happen to see your post here and was interested in which distro you are using or familiar with, I would like to provide you with some information on Guardian Digital EnGarde Secure Linux.
Please let us know if you are interested.
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This part will fit the following vehicles:
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Other identifiers for this part: TYC #: 8130142, DEPO #: 323-5405L3EBH.
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This part fits the following Kia Sorento trims: LX, EX Mirror
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 17, 1985
|Filing date
|Aug 16, 1982
|Priority date
|Aug 27, 1981
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Siegfried Hollmann, Dieter Hoch, Heribert Bollinger
|Original Assignee
|Wella Aktiengessellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (16), Classifications (22), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to heat treatment apparatus for heating human hair on the head by means of a plurality of infra-red radiators fastened to a support.
Various forms of heat treatment apparatus are already known, for example that described in French Patent Specification No. 944 623, in which a respective infra-red lamp is attached to each of three mutually displaceable arms of a ground-supported stand. Apparatus having freely displaceable open radiator lamps lack uniform irradiation of the entire head surface. The considerable disadvantage results in that positional adjustment must be performed individually for each lamp in order to avoid local overheating of the hair. Further known heat treatment apparatus, such as that described in French Patent Specification No. 922 103, having a rigid arrangement of the infra-red radiators and a closed reflector casing, irradiates the hair with too low a total heating power, so that a long dwelling time becomes necessary.
It is an object of the invention to construct a heat treatment apparatus of the kind referred to above, in particular for permanent waving treatment, remedial treatment, or drying treatment in a hairdressing saloon, in such a manner that its operation is simplified and the risk of local overheating is reduced.
The present invention provides heat treatment apparatus in which at least three infra-red radiators constructed as surface radiators with a substantially line-shaped heater body curved like a circle segment are securely attached to the support arm which is displaceably mounted on a ground supported stand or a wall bracket, the infra-red radiator consisting of two lateral infra-red radiators and a central infra-red radiator which, in the position of use, is disposed thereabove, the centre axes, each of which extends in the direction of a radius of curvature, of two laterally disposed infra-red radiators include between them an angle of at least 80°, and the ratio of the length of the curved line-shaped heater body to the radius of curvature thereof amounts to at least 0.2.
An advantage of the open manner of construction is that operations on the hair can be performed during the irradiation process. It is advantageous above all during the drying of permanently waved hair. It is convenient for a temperature sensor to be arranged in the hair, preferably on the surface of a curl roller wound over with a strand of hair, which temperature sensor adjusts the heating power of the infra-red radiators to a predetermined nominal temperature by means of a control module which is preferably located in a control desk.
For the heat treatment, quite particularly for the very sensitive permanent waving treatment of the hair, the technical result depends in relatively narrow limits upon the heat energy and the dwell period. The heat energy parameter can be metered extremely accurately by means of the temperature regulation controlled by the temperature sensor. An advantage of the heat treatment apparatus according to the invention is the extremely uniform irradiation of all hair sections (neck, upper head, sides) with a high radiation energy.
In order to process chemical preparations in a faster and optimum manner, an accurately metered heat supply is of great usefulness. When these preparations operate without additional supply of heat, solely the momentary room temperature is present as energy supplier. Since this room temperature fluctuates strongly (dependent upon summer, winter, time of day), an exact statement of the process times is impossible. By means of a heat treatment apparatus a defined hair temperature is to be adjusted which lies above the room temperature. In order to obtain a uniform reaction of the chemical preparation, the temperature must be maintained constant as far as possible at each location of the hair.
Starting from the chemical consistency of the products, it has furthermore been investigated which kind of heat transmission is best suited. Since the products contain a very high percentage of water, a radiation heat source is preferably selected which has its radiation maximum in the region in which the highest absorption maximum of water is located. It is found that the optimum region lies in the range 2.3 μm to 2.7 μm, preferably 2.5 μm. These results agree unambiguously with the theory of absorption by thin water layers.
Further preferred features of the invention are specified in the sub-claims.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are partly diagrammatically simplified and illustrate two embodiments of heat treatment apparatus. In the drawings mutually corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals, and all details not necessary for understanding the invention have been omitted.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a ground-supported apparatus in a first position of use with lateral infra-red radiators swung to an upper tilt position (in conjunction with a head to be treated);
FIG. 2 is a rear view in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 1, likewise in the first position of use;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, again in the first position of use;
FIG. 4 is a front view similar to that of FIG. 3 but in a rest position with lateral infra-red radiators swung into the centre;
FIG. 5 is a horizontal section on the line A--A in FIG. 1 in the first position of use (in conjunction with a head to be treated);
FIG. 6 is a vertical section on the line B--B in FIG. 3 through the central infra-red radiators on the enlarged scale (in conjunction with a head to be treated);
FIG. 7 is a vertical section on the line C--C in FIG. 5 through a lateral infra-red radiator, on the enlarged scale, in the first position of use (in conjunction with a head to be treated);
FIG. 8 is a vertical section similar to FIG. 7 but in a second position of use, in which the lateral infra-red radiator is swung to a lower tilt position for long hair;
FIG. 9 is a rear view of the head to be treated, with wound curl rollers, showing the cross produced on the head by means of an optical adjustment device, for the correct as well as for the wrong spacing of the head;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the operating panel of the control desk illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5; and FIG. 11 is a side view of a second embodiment in the first position of use similar to FIG. 1, but constructed as a wall-mounted apparatus.
The heat treatment apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a stand comprising a cruciform base 2 running on casters 1 and supporting a vertical tube 3 which is selectively longitudinally displaceable and axially rotatable. Two side arms 5 at the upper end 4 of the stand tube 3 each carry a lateral infra-red radiator 6. Furthermore, the upper end 4 carries a substantially horizontally projecting support arm 7 to which two substantially downwardly radiating central infra-red radiators 9 are secured. The upper end 4 of the stand tube 3 is provided with a control desk 10 with a control panel 11 on the side remote from the infra-red radiators 6,9. A handgrip 10a fastened to the desk 10 permits common vertical adjustment and rotation of the infra-red radiators 6,9.
The control desk 10 is connected to a temperature sensor 12 by a flexible lead 13. FIG. 1 shows a human head 14 with hair wound on curl rollers 15 in the radiation region of the radiators 6,9, from which the treatment arrangement may be seen. One of the rollers 15 holds the temperature sensor 12 in contact with the strand of hair wound on it by means of a clip (not shown).
For the purpose of adjusting the optimum head spacing between radiators 6,9 and the head 14, the upper end 4 of the stand tube 3 carries an optical adjusting device for fixing the position of the head 14; it is formed by two adjacently disposed projector lamps 17 providing two intersecting optical beams whose axes 18 together form an angle, α, preferably of 24° to 35°. The lamps 17 produce on the head 14 in the region of the hair line (neck contour 27) a bright horizontal line 20 and a vertical line 21, respectively, which with a correctly adjusted head spacing are each reproduced sharp and preferably form a cross 22 with equal limbs, as illustrated in FIG. 9. If the head spacing is wrong, the two lines 20 and 21 are located side by side, as additionally illustrated in dot-dash lines in FIG. 9.
The lateral arms 5 are each connected to the upper end 4 of the stand tube 3 by means of a joint 19 rotatable about a vertical axis, so that in the rest position the arms 5 with the lateral radiators 6 are tilted towards one another into the centre, as illustrated in FIG. 4, thus reducing the space occupied by the heat treatment apparatus when not in use.
The construction of the infra-red radiators 6,9 may best be seen from FIGS. 3 and 5. Each radiator 6 or 9 comprises an elongate slightly curved tubular heating element 23 of quartz glass which is arranged in front of a reflector 24. The open side of each radiator 6,9 is covered by a grid 25 operating as a protection against contact.
FIG. 5 clarifies the longitudinal curvature of the heating element 23, which preferably has a radius of curvature R of 800 mm. The median axis 26 of each of the two lateral radiators 6 defines the respective main radiation direction. The median axes 26 of the two lateral radiators 6 preferably include between them an angle β of 108°, the spacing S of the common intersection point M from the respective heating element 23 amounting to approximately half the radius of curvature R.
The ratio between the length L of each heating element 23 and its respective radius of curvature R amounts to at least 0.4, preferably 0.6. It has been found that it is advantageous if the received power of an infra-red radiator amounts to 250 W, and the minimum distance D between each heating element 23 and the hair or--when curl rollers are used--each curl roller preferably amounts to 25 to 30% of the prevailing radius of curvature R. The longitudinal axis of each lateral radiator 6 has a rise angle φ of approximately 10° to 12° relatively to the horizontal 29, as indicated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 shows the optical beam axes 18 of the projector lamps 17, the common intersection point of which lies in the region of the hair line on the neck contour 27 indicated in broken line.
The geometry of the central infra-red radiators 9 illustrated in FIG. 6 is analogous to the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 5 of the lateral infra-red radiators 6. The median axes 28 of the two central radiators 9 preferably include between them an angle γ of 68.5°, the distance H of the common intersection point P from the respective tubular heating element 23 preferably amounting to approximately half the radius of curvature R. Furthermore, the median axis 28 of the lower one of the central radiators 9 and the horizontal 29 include between them an angle ψ of approximately 55°. It is attained thereby that a comfortable head position can be assumed in the sitting position.
The minimum spacing D of each heating element 23 from the hair or--when curl rollers are used--from the respective curl roller preferably amounts to 25 to 30% of the prevailing radius of curvature R. The reflector 24 in each central radiator 9 is in the form of a channel section with divergent side walls, i.e. in cross-section it is shaped as a trapezium, with limbs preferably of equal lengths, the base being perpendicular to the optical beam axis 18. It is attained thereby that the radiation is not focussed along a line on the head, but as uniform an irradiation as possible of the surface of the head is obtained. As may be seen more clearly from FIG. 7, the semi-opening angle δ of the reflector 24 is approximately 30°. In relation to the horizontal 29, the median axis 26 of each of the lateral radiators 6 is inclined upwardly, preferably by an angle ε of 10°, to a first position of use for hair preferably wound upon curl rollers, or short hair. For the treatment of long hair, in particular hair of shoulder length, the lateral radiators 6 may be swung downwards into a second position of use, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In this case the median axis 26 is inclined downwardly by an angle λ (preferably 20°) relatively to the horizontal 29. Thus the swing range (ε+λ) of the lateral radiators 6 preferably amounts to 30°.
Three different hair treatment processes are possible by means of the above-described apparatus, namely a permanent waving programme, a remedial and dyeing programme, and a drying programme, each of which will be described below.
The control panel 11 illustrated in FIG. 10 comprises at the bottom right six press keys of a first key field 30 for inserting the numbers 1 to 6, each key always being allocated to a separate number value and provided on its operating side with the corresponding numer value inscription. Five different number values can be inserted successively by depressing the respective key, the respective successively inserted number values being indicated on below another from top to bottom in five single-position 7-segment indicators (LED) 31, in an appropriately associated arrangement. For example, in FIG. 10 the number values 1-1-1-1-5 have been successively inserted in the control panel 11 and are correspondingly indicated on the indicators 31. When a non-permissible number value is inserted, the corresponding indicator 31 blinks and the permanent waving programme selected is blocked. The number value adjusted in the lowest indicator 31 (provided with the number "5" in FIG. 10) is a code number for the kind of permanent waving treatment previously performed on the hair. The dwell period stored for this in the internal programme store is subsequently indicated by a two-position 7-segment indicator 32 (for example, a dwell period of 15 min is indicated in FIG. 10). After depression of the key denoted by "D" of a second key field 33, the permanent waving programme is started. The dwell period still remaining is indicated by the indicator 32 (e.g. the dwell period of 15 min given by way of example would be reduced in steps of one minute by means of a backward counter). The permanent waving programme switches off when the dwell period still remaining is indicated as zero. During the running period of this permanent waving programme, the lateral and central infra-red radiators 6 and 9 heat the hair, the temperature sensor 12 (secured by a curl roller 15) measuring the temperature produced and the heating power of the heating elements 23 being controlled accordingly by an internal control, preferably by switching off and on. A nominal temperature in the range of 45° C. to 55° C., preferably 50° C., is adjusted at the temperature sensor 12.
After the termination of the permanent waving programme, an additional dwell period predetermined by the programme can be selected by depressing the key 34 denoted by "N" and is indicated by the indicator 32. By repeated depression of the key denoted by "D" of the second key field 33 the associated backward counter is started and the remaining additional dwell period is appropriately counter backwards down to zero. This process may be repeated several times, until the permanent waving treatment is concluded. In order that the user may recognise the end of the respective heating period in good time, at a remaining running speed of 3 min indicated by the indicator 32 the number starts to blink, and from a remaining running period of 10 sec onwards additionally an acoustic buzzer is started. For the purpose of monitoring the originally predetermined dwell period or additional dwell period, the number value thereof can be indicated briefly on the indicator 32 by depressing for a short time the key 35 denoted by "M". Furthermore, the control panel 11 is provided with a key 36 denoted by "C", upon depression of which the prevailing permanent waving programme is stopped and the cancellable store contents are cancelled and thus also the heating by means of the infra-red radiators 6,9 is switched off. For example, in the case of insertion of a wrong number value by means of a key of the first key field 30 all single-position 7-segment indicators 31 can be cancelled by depressing the key 36 denoted by "C" and thereafter correctly inserted again. The respective associated pre-selectable number values for the permanent waving programme are arranged on inscribed fields 37 (not illustrated in detail) which are disposed adjacent the respective single-position 7-segment indicators 31.
In this case the effect on the hair during hair dyeing or upon deposition of care emulsion is to be improved, in particular accelerated, by the influence of heat. For this purpose, by means of a third key field 39, the dwell period is adjusted by depressing its tens and units keys (the corresponding denominations "10" and "1" are provided on the keys 39 in FIG. 10) and is indicated by the indicator 32. AS long as the corresponding key remains depressed, the respective tens or units position, respectively, of the number value of the dwell period is counted up at a slow rhythm. Upon depression of a key denoted by "F" of the second key field 33, the remedial and dyeing programme is started; it is switched off owing to expiry of time when a remaining dwell period of zero is attained. In this case the nominal temperature at the hair sensor 12 is preferably 40° C., which is preferably produced at a heating power of 250 W per infra-red radiator 6,9 by means of an impulse pause ratio between a switch-on period of 13 sec and a switch-off period of 8 sec. The indication of the end of this programme is effected analogously to the permanent waving programme.
The heat treatment apparatus may likewise be used for drying wet hair. The dwell period is inserted correspondingly by means of the third key field 39 and is started by means of a key denoted by "T" of the second key field 33. According to an internally stored programme the infra-red radiators are initially operated at maximum heating power, preferably for 5 min. Thereafter the heating power is appropriately reduced by means of an impulse pause ratio between approximately 15 sec switch-on period and 7 sec switch-off period. Such an impulse pause control is effected in a known manner by means of so-called triac semiconductors. The treated person may switch over to a reduced heating power having an impulse pause ratio of preferably 10 sec switch-on duration to 9 sec switch-off duration by means of a switch (not illustrated) which is arranged on the front of the upper central infra-red radiator; the temperature of the hair is reduced thereby in a corresponding manner. The lateral radiators 6 may be switched off by means of a key 40 denoted by "To", so that solely the central infra-red radiators 9 are heated. Alternatively, by depressing the key 41 denoted by "Tu" the central radiators 9 may be switched off, so that solely the lateral heaters 6 are heated. This switching on and off can be performed in all three programmes and permits individual adjustment to the hair-do of the person to be treated.
A person whose hair is to be treated sits, for example, on an appropriate chair arranged within the irradiation range of the infra-red radiators and assume a position similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1. The required minimum spacing D is then adjusted by means of the projector lamps 17 in such a manner that the horizontal line 20 and the vertical line 21 together form an equal limbed cross 22 in the region of the neck contour 27 of the hair line in accordance with FIG. 9. For example, the hair strands have already be wound upon curl rollers and appropriately wetted with permanent waving fluid.
For accelerating the conversion process in the keratin of the hair, the previously described permanent waving programme is then started. If, because of the particular hair construction, for example thick hair, the dwell period predetermined by the permanent waving programme is not sufficient, this dwell period is appropriately lengthened by a predetermined value by means of actuation of the key 34 denoted by "N" (FIG. 10). The operator of the heat treatment apparatus is rendered aware of the end of the heat treatment by an optical and towards the end also an acoustic warning signal. Selectively, one of the other two programmes may be started correspondingly in the manner described above.
FIG. 11 illustrates a second embodiment of the heat treatment apparatus in which, instead of a stand, a wall bracket 42 supports the support arm 7. In a known manner the bracket 42 consists of a socket 43 secured to the wall and carrying an upper arm 45 which is rotatable about a vertical axis 44 and at the other end of which a lower arm 49 is arranged which is selectively rotatable about a vertical axis 46 and vertically pivotable about a horizontal axis 47. At the other end of the lower arm 49 a projection 51 is articulated about a horizontal axis 50 by way of a parallel motion guide and supports the selectively horizontally rotatable support arm 7. Thereby the infra-red radiators 6 and 9 may be adjusted in a known manner by means of the hand grip 10a to any desired position relatively to the head 14 to be treated, at a predetermined minimum spacing D.
In a further embodiment (not shown), in place of the optical adjusting device carrying two projector lamps 17, another spacing device e.g. of a mechanical kind, may be used for adjusting the minimum spacing of the head 14 from the infra-red radiators 6 and 9.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 5, 1940
|Apr 28, 1942
|Victor Insulators Inc
|Apparatus for partially drying moist clay bodies
|May 26, 1950
|Nov 13, 1951
|Chun Ernest K F
|Indoor portable oscillating drier
|Dec 17, 1965
|Dec 6, 1966
|Ambel Lab Inc
|Luminous infra-red method and apparatus for accelerating coloring of hair on human head
|Nov 2, 1966
|Sep 2, 1969
|Gagliano Michael Angelo
|Hair processing apparatus
|Feb 7, 1979
|Sep 30, 1980
|Revlon, Inc.
|Sheath for temperature sensing unit
|Dec 21, 1977
|Mar 17, 1981
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hair waving appliance with infrared heaters and an ultrasonic atomizer
|Jan 22, 1979
|Mar 24, 1981
|Olympic Infra-Dry Inc.
|Combination forced air and infrared dryer
|Jan 4, 1978
|Mar 31, 1981
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hair waving applicance having plural independently temperature controllable electric heaters
|Dec 4, 1979
|May 5, 1981
|Jenkins Kenneth A
|Motor vehicle dryer stand
|Title not available
|Astralux Tiefenstrahler-Quarzlampen Gmbh, Wien
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 28, 1990
|Sep 17, 1991
|Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc.
|Movable heat treating apparatus utilizing proportionally controlled infrared lamps
|Feb 22, 1990
|Nov 10, 1992
|Revlon Consumer Products Corporation
|Formulating device for cosmetically functional cosmetic products
|Aug 18, 1992
|Jun 15, 1993
|Carey Whitfield
|Method for curing an ink design on a cap
|Jan 21, 1997
|Aug 4, 1998
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Hair dryer with controlled air flow
|Jun 25, 1999
|Mar 27, 2001
|Shinheung Engineering Co., Ltd.
|Halogen hair dryer
|Sep 24, 2001
|Aug 6, 2002
|Oohiro Works, Ltd.
|Hair processing accelerator with rotatable adjustable semicircular heaters
|Oct 1, 2001
|Aug 27, 2002
|Oohiro Works, Ltd.
|Hair processing accelerator with rotatably adjustable semicircular heaters
|Feb 23, 2006
|Jan 20, 2009
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Device for heat treatment
|Nov 15, 2011
|Apr 29, 2014
|Braun Gmbh
|Automated hair care process
|Feb 21, 2003
|Jul 20, 2006
|Parle Christopher P
|Infra red dryer
|Feb 23, 2006
|Nov 16, 2006
|Martin Liebeck
|Device for the treatment of head hair by means of heat
|Feb 23, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Martin Liebeck
|Device for heat treatment
|Nov 15, 2011
|Mar 8, 2012
|Juergen Seng
|Automated Hair Care Process
|Feb 24, 2014
|Oct 23, 2014
|BS and Co. Ltd.
|Led phototherapy apparatus for skin
|Feb 15, 2006
|Dec 16, 2009
|Device for heat treatment
|Feb 15, 2006
|Aug 31, 2006
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Device for heat treatment
|U.S. Classification
|132/212, 392/413, 219/499, 34/266
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 20, 1983
Owner name: WELLA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT BERLINER ALLEE 65, 6100 D
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:HOLLMANN, SIEGFRIED;HOCH, DIETER;BOLLINGER, HERIBERT;REEL/FRAME:004136/0460;SIGNING DATES FROM 19830111 TO 19830114
|Jan 30, 1989
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 19, 1993
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 7, 1993
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19930919