text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 18, 1997
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 1996
|Priority date
|Feb 3, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Siegfried Klein, Bernd Rehfus
|Original Assignee
|Daimler-Benz Ag
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (35), Classifications (18), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the wear of an engine timing chain by comparing monitored diagnostic signals with predetermined desired values.
A diagnostic method and apparatus of this type are disclosed in German Patent Document DE-PS 33 37 979, in which a measuring shoe is arranged externally adjacent a chain sprocket, and is radially movable with respect thereto. The chain studs slide along the sole of the measuring shoe while the chain moves through, and the measuring shoe thus exerts a slight touching on the studs. When a single chain link is damaged, the chain is lengthened, so that during the engagement into the teeth of the chain sprocket, the chain stud is deflected radially out of the tooth gap, pressing the measuring shoe slightly to the outside for a short time period. The measuring shoe is connected with a path generator that senses all such radial deflections and transmits electric measurement signals indicative thereof, for processing in a microprocessing where they are compared with a predetermined desired value corresponding to a wear limit. When the desired value is exceeded, an unacceptable wear of the timing chain is indicated.
The known method or the known diagnostic device, however, can be used only in a workshop for servicing or for scientific research, because the measuring shoe is arranged only temporarily; that is, for the period during which the wear is measured. In addition, the measuring shoe, which is used as the wear sensor, can be placed only externally. Furthermore, because of the narrow spaces in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle and possibly because of the encapsulation of the engine, the engine must be removed to install the measuring shoe, which represents considerable servicing expenditures. Under certain circumstances, such expenses may prove unnecessary if it is found after the measurement that the timing chain is not unacceptably worn. On the other hand, wear during the servicing interval may already be so high that the timing chain tears during the driving operation of the motor vehicle, causing irreparable engine damage. These obviously undesirable developments cannot be avoided by means of the known diagnostic method and apparatus.
It is thus an object of the invention to provide a diagnostic device which can detect unacceptable wear of the timing chain during the driving operation - and at the lowest possible expenses.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by providing an engine integrated, on-board sensor on each of at lest two respective spaced apart chain sprockets in the chain drive, with at least one marker on each such sprocket. The markers and the pertaining sensors generate a signal at least once per rotation of each chain sprocket, such signal representing the angular position of the sprocket. The phase relation of the latter signals relative to one another is determined. A change of this phase relation relative to a new perfect (that is, unworn) chain thus indicates the degree or amount of the wear. When the phase relation deviates from a defined, predetermined desired value, an unacceptable wear is recognized which may be indicated in the passenger compartment, for example, as a flashing of a control light.
By means of the phase relation detection of two signals of different chain sprockets according to the invention, a diagnostic method and apparatus can be implemented in a simple manner by means of which wear of the timing chain can be detected at low expenditures at any time and/or continuously. Thus, unacceptably high wear of the timing chain with respect to a uniform lengthening of the chain and a lengthening because of damage to an individual chain link can be timely recognized automatically and individually during the engine operation, and an unnecessary precautionary chain replacement can be avoided. The timing chain is changed only when it is really necessary, before the risk arises that an expensive or even irreparable damage to the engine may occur due to breakage of the timing chain. Possibly unnecessary servicing costs and time are thus avoided, routine servicing is reduced and costs are lowered correspondingly without any loss of operating safety.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a chain drive of an engine timing chain, with the sensors of the diagnostic device according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphic depiction of the signal sequence of the sensors from FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a phase--crankshaft rotation diagram which shows the phase relation of the signals of the sensors from FIG. 1 with respect to one another in different wear conditions of the timing chain; and
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of operation of the diagnostic device.
In FIG. 1, reference number 1 indicates a chain drive for the engine timing of a motor vehicle engine, with four mutually spaced chain sprockets 2, 3, 4, 5 which are arranged on camshafts, a guide wheel 6, a chain sprocket 7 (which drives the other chain sprockets 2, 3, 4, 5) arranged on the crankshaft of the motor vehicle, and a timing chain 8 which engages into teeth of the chain sprockets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
The chain sprocket 7 of the crankshaft is situated at the lowest point (relative to the vehicle supporting surface) of all the chain sprockets. The timing chain 8 runs in the pulling direction by way of the chain sprockets 2 and 3, then by way of the guide wheel 6, and finally by way of the sprocket wheels 4 and 5, returning to the sprocket wheel 7. The chain sprockets 3 and 4 are situated at the highest point in the chain drive 1, while the chain sprockets 2 and 5 are laterally offset to the outside relative to the chain sprockets 3 and 4 and are arranged slightly lower. The guide wheel 6, in turn, is arranged lower than the chain sprockets 2, 3, 4, 5 and is geometrically arranged such that a line connecting its center and the center of the chain sprocket 7 of the crankshaft forms a mirror-symmetrical axis of the chain drive 1.
Section 9 of the timing chain 8, between the lowest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 7 and the highest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 4, on which section the guide wheel 6 is disposed, forms the trailing end, while section 10 of the chain, between the highest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 4 and the lowest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 7, on which section the chain sprocket 5 is disposed, forms the pulling end.
A conventional chain adjuster 11 is situated on the trailing end between the chain sprocket 2 and the chain sprocket 7. To avoid rolling motions, the timing chain 8 is guided on the pulling end along two guide rails 12, 13 situated between chain sprocket 7 and chain sprocket 5.
Sensors 14 and 15 are arranged respectively in a spaced manner opposite the highest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 4 and opposite the lowest point of the periphery of the chain sprocket 7. These sensors 14, 15 are part of a diagnostic device for monitoring the wear of the timing chain 8 with respect to its lengthening. Sensor 14 interacts with two markers 16, 17 on chain sprocket 4 and sensor 15 interacts with four markers 18 on the front side of the chain sprocket 7.
The markers 16, 17 and 18, which are situated near the periphery of the chain sprockets 4 and 7, are offset with respect to one another by a defined angle of rotation. They may comprise, for example, small magnetic disks or magnetic pins which interact inductively with the sensors 14 and 15 in a signal triggering manner. In a simpler arrangement, the markers 16, 17 and 18 may also be constructed as elevations or indentations in the respective faces of the chain sprockets 4 and 7, which change only the air gap toward the respective sensor, with a resulting inductive effect. For triggering signals which are regularly repeated for each rotation of the chain sprocket 4, 7, the Hall effect may also be used. Alternatively, markers are also conceivable which can be detected optically for each chain sprocket rotation.
In a space saving and reasonably priced embodiment of the diagnostic device, the sensors 14 and 15 are formed by position transmitters which already exist on the engine, and which detect the respective position of the crankshaft and of the camshafts, so that by way of a signal processing electronic system 19 connected with the sensors, the ignition points as well as the valve opening times and valve closing times are controlled.
During engine operation, the chain sprockets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are driven by tooth engagement with the chain 8, which in turn is driven by chain sprocket 7 by way of the crankshaft. Each time one of the markers 16, 17 or 18 traverses the corresponding sensor 14 or 15, a voltage signal 42, 43, 44 is generated. The generated voltage signals 42, 43, 44, for the chain sprockets 4, 7 of the camshaft (NW) and of the crankshaft (KW) illustrated in FIG. 2, are received by a signal processing device 40 of the engine controlling electronic system 19 (FIG. 1) separately on two different channels. After a crank angle of 360�, four signals 44 (corresponding to the four marks 18) are detected on the channel for the signals of the crankshaft chain sprocket 7, and two signals 42, 43 (corresponding to marks 16, 17) are detected on the channel for the signals of the camshaft chain sprocket 4.
Therefore, the signal processing 40 is a part of the diagnostic device. According to the diagnostic flow chart of FIG. 4, the diagnostic program start 29 occurs after each arrival of a signal 42, 43 from one of the two sensors 14, 15, unless the program has already been stopped by the detection of an unacceptable wear and a wear indication is activated. After the arrival of a signal 44 in the signal receiving device 30 connected with the sensor 15 in the channel set up for the signals of chain sprocket 7, a time measurement is started in function module 24, to determine the period duration T of the respective received signal 44.
Approximately simultaneously, after the arrival in the signal receiving device 31 connected with the sensor 14, of a signal 42 assigned to the marker 16 of chain sprocket 4, a further time measurement takes place in the function module 25 to determine the time t1 until the arrival of the signal 44, which follows next in time and corresponds to the marker 18 of the sprocket wheel 7. The points in time of the start and of the end of this measurement, which is continuously repeated if the timing chain 8 is not unacceptably worn, are in each case situated on the ascending flanks of the signals 42 and 44 of chain sprockets 4 and 7, respectively.
With each arrival of a signal 43 assigned to the further marker 17, additional time measurements t2 take place in the function module 25 starting with the leading edge of the signal 43 and ending with the leading edge of the next succeeding signal 44. The time t2, may differ from t1. (See FIG. 2.)
The time periods t1, t2 represent a measurement for the phase relation of the signal 42, 43 of chain sprocket 4 of the camshaft on the one hand, relative to signal 44 of chain sprocket 7 of the crankshaft on the other. After the time measurements in function modules 24, 25, the phase relation of the signals 42, 43 is determined in the function module 26 of the signal processing 40 independently of the rotational engine speed, as a ratio of the times t1 /T and t2/T. In this regard, it must be observed that the time periods t1, t2 are situated in chronologically different time periods T, whose period duration may differ due to variations in the rotation speed of the crankshaft. A defined period duration T, which is valid only for the specific time period, is therefore assigned to each time period t1, t2. In the function module 27, all values of the phase relations t1 /T and t2 /T are now detected for each chain circulation. A function module 35 then determines the maximum and minimum values from the sequence of values of the phase relations t1 /T during chain circulation, and calculates the difference Δ t1 /T between these extreme values. In the case of different engines, and therefore different chain drive geometries and conceptions, the detection of the values of all phase relations may extend from one chain circulation to several chain circulations.
If wear on the timing chain 8 causes it to lengthen, the pulling moment of the driving chain sprocket 7 onto the chain sprocket 4 during the entering of the lengthened section of the chain 8 into the section of the pulling end becomes momentarily smaller. This has the result that the driven chain sprocket 4 runs more slowly than during the passing through of an unlengthened chain section until the required tightness of the pulling end is restored. The markers 16 and 17 which, because of the slower running of the chain sprocket 4 relative to the chain sprocket 7 are displaced backward in the rotating direction (that is, delayed) by an angle of rotation, therefore travel past the sensor 14 slightly later, in a time staggered manner so that the point in time of the arrival of the signal 42, 43 is delayed. However, this is expressed in a shortening of the time t1 and t2, in which case the phase relation of the signals 42, 43 is displaced toward the smaller degree of the crank angle.
The new phase relation of the signals 42, 43 will last until the lengthened chain section has moved out of the pulling end into the trailing end. At this point, the slowed down chain sprocket 4 will run faster again until the normal movement of the chain 8 is achieved. In this case, the markers 16, 17 move to their original relative position, the times t1 and t2 being longer again. Thus the signals 42, 43, return to their original phase relation with respect to one another toward the higher degree of the crank angle.
If the timing chain 8 is uniformly lengthened along its whole circumference, no return of the markers 16, 17 into their original relative position takes place, and a continuous displacement of the phase relation of the signals will take place during the useful life of the timing chain 8.
In the case of the above-described restoration of the phase relation, there is wear of a chain section or damage to an individual chain link. This is shown, for example, in FIG. 3, in which the phase relation during crankshaft rotation of a theoretically ideal chain 8, which is in an optimal condition, is depicted in a linear curve 21 for more than two chain passages.
In the real condition, the total chain 8 is slightly, but acceptably lengthened, so that t1 and t2 become slightly shorter, and there is therefore a slight phase relation difference of the signals 42, 43 in comparison to the ideal chain. In the case of an additional individual link damage, the above-described jumping characteristic of the phase relation will occur in the curve 22 (a chain sprocket 4 without any marker 17 is used as a basis in this case). In this case, the faulty chain link 41--with respect to time--is within the pulling end for four crankshaft rotations, that is, at four measuring points. The curve 23 discloses the course of the phase relation of the signals 42 in the case of an extremely lengthened timing chain 8, without any individual link damage; in this case, the phases of signals 42 and of signals 44 are displaced with respect to one another up to a crank angle of approximately 2�.
For the active monitoring of the wear of the timing chain 8, a comparison is made in function module 28 between a maximal value t1 /T and a predetermined stored desired value W1. If the desired value is larger than the maximal value, it can be concluded then an unacceptable wear in the form of a total uniform chain lengthening has occurred.
The function module 28 then emits a signal to another function module 32 which generates an indication in the passenger compartment by way of a signal generator which can be clearly recognized by the occupant. The function module 32 emits a signal to a function module 33 which, to avoid false indications as a result of a signal error, counts n-passages (that is n desired value comparisons) and examines whether the above indication of an unacceptable wear is present at a sufficient frequency (m times). If so, a signal is emitted to a function module 34 which unconditionally sets the indication by way of the signal generator and stops the measuring program. The indication may, for example, be an acoustic signal or the flashing of a small light in the dashboard.
If the maximal value of t1 /T corresponds to the desired value or if the indication of wear is recorded with an insufficient frequency (less than m-times), the indication remains inactive and the program is restarted.
In parallel to the desired value comparison in the function module 28, the differential value ΔT1 /T is compared with a desired value W2 in a function module 36. If the differential value is larger than the desired value W2, a signal is emitted to a function module 37 which, similar to function module 32, generates an indication in the passenger compartment by way of a signal generator which is to report an individual-link damage on the timing chain 8. For the same purpose as that of the function module 33, a function module 38 counts n-passages of the formation of a difference, and it determines whether the differential value which is larger than the desired value W2 exists m times. If so, a signal is emitted to a function module 39 which by way of the signal generator unconditionally sets the indication and stops the measuring program.
If the desired value W2 was found to be larger or the differential value was found to be less than--as predetermined--m times, the indication remains inactive and the program is restarted. Although the indication of the individual-link damage is arranged at a different point than the indication of the uniform lengthening of the timing chain 8, it may be identical to it with respect to the type and construction. As a result of its design, the described diagnostic device is self-diagnosing.
In addition, it is conceivable to provide a "reset" in the program after an indication has taken place, which resets the respective indication after a wear has been announced. Furthermore, it is conceivable to design the program such that, after the indication of one of the wear possibilities has taken place, the program continues only to the extent necessary to indicate the respective other type of unacceptable wear which has yet not occurred, and has therefore not yet been indicated, when it does occur later. As an alternative to indicating the wear-detecting signal, this signal may also simply be stored in an electronic memory which, during a later servicing operation, is called up by the servicing personnel. In this case, the servicing personnel are able to assess the condition of the engine timing chain 8 in a simple manner and at low expenditures and to exchange the chain 8 if the wear is excessive.
On the whole, by means of the diagnostic device or because of the method, signals are obtained which are easy to analyze and have no superimposed signal noise. Also, processing of the signals is simplified by a mere short time measurement between, for example, two defined time markers, and by a mere forming of the difference of the values resulting from the short time measurement.
When a damaged individual link 41 enters into the pulling end, individual-link wear can as a rule be recognized only when the individual link 41 is situated on the free course between the chain sprockets. When the chain runs on the pulling course along another chain sprocket, the damaged individual link 41 is pressed into its teeth during the passage, in which case the lengthening is compensated so that, at this moment, a situation occurs for the individual link 41 which equals the running out of the pulling end. At this moment, wear cannot be identified by a measurement because, for a short time, the chain sprockets 4 and 5 rotate faster and thus the markers 16, 17 take up their original position which corresponds to an unworn chain 8 without any individual-link damage.
In order to obtain a high probability of finding such a wear, it is advantageous in this case to arrange as few chain sprockets as possible on the course of the pulled end between the chain sprocket 4 and the chain sprocket wheel 7. The reason is that, if the defective chain link 41 is on a free course, the length of the chain 8 is determined by the sum of the length of the individual links; however, on the chain sprocket, it is determined by the pitch of its toothing, which renders the chain defect ineffective for a measurement.
In order to detect this chain defect at all, if possible, the number of links in the pulled end between the two directly adjacent chain sprockets should be larger than the tooth number of the driven sprocket because the defective link is definitely at least once per chain rotation on a free course of the pulled end. In this case, the tooth number is defined as the number of teeth of the driven sprocket which are situated between two measuring points or the pertaining markers on the chain sprocket.
Should the number of links be smaller than the tooth number and, in the case of an even numbered ratio of the tooth number of the chain sprocket to the number of all links of the timing chain 8, it is conceivable that the defective link may not be detected during a measurement because there is always at least one chain link which, at the point in time of the measurement during each chain circulation is outside the free course on which the measurement takes place.
In the case of a corresponding chain drive geometry in which the number of links is smaller than the tooth number, it is therefore necessary to set the ratio of the tooth number of the driven chain sprocket to the sum of all chain links to an odd number, for example, by a suitable local mounting of the markers or by the coordinated construction of the chain sprocket toothing. As a result, after a specific number of chain circulations, each chain link enters into the free course and is situated there at the point in time of at least one measurement. An individual-link damage can therefore be detected.
This may also be achieved by mounting a plurality of spaced markers, in which case a higher resolution is achieved during the measurement, which results in a higher probability of finding an individual defect. However, at the same time, it must be ensured that the signals can be distinguished from one another. Thus, in the case of a lagging of the driven chain sprocket caused by a lengthening of the chain because of an excessively narrow spacing of the markers, replacement of defect signals by regular signals, which report no wear of the chain, is prevented. The selection of a suitable distance between the markers is therefore required. As an alternative, it is also possible to use markers which differ from one another by their designs, so that different, and therefore distinguishable, signals are generated when the markers are situated close to one another.
As an alternative to the above-described embodiment, with respect to the signal processing, pattern recognition may also be used in connection with the detection of the phase relations per at least one chain circulation. In such an arrangement the actual detected course pattern of the sequence of the phase relations per crankshaft rotation (FIG. 3) is compared with a predetermined pattern of the phase relations, which may be stored in an electronic memory of the signal processing system 40. The predetermined pattern corresponds to a particular degree and type of wear so that, in the case of repeated correspondence of the predetermined pattern and the actual sequence pattern, a signal can be emitted which--according to the respective predetermined pattern --can be assigned to a certain degree and type of wear. Thus, by means of this signal processing and analysis, conclusions can be drawn not only concerning the quality of the wear (the wear of the individual link or the overall chain lengthening), but also concerning the wear condition, that is, the intensity of the wear. For this purpose, a plurality of predetermined patterns can be stored in an electronic memory of the signal processing 40, compared with the pattern of the actual value sequence. In a relatively simple manner, it is thus possible in this case to detect damage to several individual links in a timing chain 8.
In practice, a change of rotational speed or load causes the level of the phase relation to be displaced because of the expansion of the chain 8 as a result of the changing pulling moment due to the changing of the conductor track curve. Also, the engine temperature affects the expansion of the timing chain 8. However, by comparing the measured values and the values of an electronically stored characteristic desired value diagram, which are selected as a function of current instantaneous engine operating parameters, such displacements of the phase relation may be compensated mathematically. In this manner signals are generated for the analysis which permit the derivation of clear information as to whether a chain damage or a chain wear exists with respect to a lengthening of the chain 8.
The monitoring of the wear by means of the diagnostic device according to the invention may take place permanently, that is, over the whole load and rotational speed range during the engine and/or driving operation. It would be conceivable to monitor the wear of the timing chain 8 in a simple manner without any additional comparison of the phase relation values with a characteristic diagram only during constant engine conditions, particularly in idling phases.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is to be clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example, and is not to be taken by way of limitation. The spirit and scope of the present invention are to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|73/114.79, 701/101, 340/438, 123/90.17
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 25, 1996
Owner name: DAIMLER-BENZ AG, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KLEIN, SIEGFRIED;REHFUS, BERND;REEL/FRAME:007870/0389
Effective date: 19960115
|Apr 4, 1997
Owner name: DAIMLER-BENZ AG, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MERCEDES-BENZ AG;REEL/FRAME:008471/0542
Effective date: 19970324
|May 9, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 12, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 13, 2008
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There are many ways to play cricket here in the Canberra region, with programs and competitions on offer for players of all ages and skill levels.
Whether you're new to the sport or looking to pick up where you left off, be it on turf, synthetic, or in outdoor or indoor format, there are options for you.
Cricket ACT, in partnership with our local cricket clubs and indoor centres, offer programs designed to teach our future superstars the basics of cricket.
All programs are full of action and are perfect for the budding cricketer, whilst being easy on the parents.
Cricket ACT and a number of clubs and organisations throughout the region offer competitions for junior cricketers all year round.
From red ball cricket in the summer through to indoor cricket in the winter, there are clubs and venues operating near you.
Canberra's Premier Cricket Clubs offer turf cricket across five grades in the ACT Premier Cricket competition.
In addition, cricketers can enjoy synthetic cricket with Canberr's City & Suburban Competition, or short form cricket in the form of Last Man Stands or indoor cricket.
©2015 Cricket ACT
All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
First Aid Kit, Unitized, White, 24Pcs, 24Ppl
- Item# 39P265
- Mfr. Model# Z019819
- Catalog Page# N/A
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
- Shipping Weight 1.9 lbs.
Technical Specs
- Item First Aid Kit
- First Aid Kit Application General Purpose
- Mount Type Portable
- Kit Type Unitized
- Number of Components 24
- First Aid Kit ANSI Standards ANSI Z308.1-2009
- People Served 24
- Case Material Polypropylene
- Color White
- Number of Shelves 1
- Waterproof Yes
- Height 10-3/64"
- Width 3"
- Depth 2-1/4"
- Color Code Yellow-Bandages, Compresses, Blue-Antiseptics, Wound Cleansers, Red-Burn Treatment, Green-Special, Miscellaneous, Orange-Personal Protection
- Includes Antimicrobial Antiseptic Towelettes (10), Burn Jel 1/8 oz. (6), Foille Burn/F A Oint 1/2 oz. (1), PVP Iodine Wipes (10), Triple Antibiotic (10), ABD Combine Pad 5" x 9" (1), Adhesive Bandage,Plastic,1" x 3" (32), Fingertip "T" Woven (4), Flexicon 2" x 4.1 yd. (2), Gauze Pads Sterile 3" x 3" (4), Gauze Pads Sterile 2" x 2" (4), Gauze Pads Sterile 4" x 4" (1), Plastic 2" x 3" Patch (4), Knuckle Bandage (4), Triangular Bandage Loose Pack 36 x 36 x 52 (1), Adhesive Tape W/P 1/2"x 5 yd. (1), Alcohol Pairep Pads (10), Aypanal Extra Bulk (8), First Aid Guide ASHI (1), Instant Cold Pak 4" x 6" (1), Latex Gloves Two Pair (Large) (1), Sting Relief Wipes (3), Scissor Bandage 4" Red PLS HDL(1), Tweezer Plastics 4" (1)
- Standards ANSI Z308.1-2009
Compliance and Restrictions
Hazardous material - Other Regulated Material
This item is restricted for international sale.
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text:
can we apply left hift and right shift operators to double,float???
Deepakk Verma
Ranch Hand
Posts: 31
Jesper de Jong
Java Cowboy
Saloon Keeper
Saloon Keeper
Posts: 15480
posted 6 years ago
Why don't you write a small test program to find out if you can do that or not? Experimenting is a great way to learn.
Campbell Ritchie
Posts: 50171
posted 6 years ago
. . . Or read the Java™ Language Specification.


text:
It's astonishing to 1) hear one of my essays read out loud, 2) hear it several years after I conceived and wrote it and 3) have it read – achingly and masterfully – by Oscar and Emmy nominated actress Angela Bassett. This great honor, on the Modern Love Podcast.
Interview with author Rolf Potts
It's a thrill to be interviewed by one of the great travel writers, Rolf Potts, author of the iconic book, VAGABONDING. Just doing the interview has made me want to get on a plane. Thanks Rolf!
Lyme Disease for Town & Country, August 2016
Summer will never be the same.
My essay in T & C about Lyme disease.
There is No Handbook for This, in THE MILLIONS
I never thought I'd contribute to the vast canon of writers-on-writing essays, but here is one for second-career writers. Like me. What I meant to say, and hope it somehow came across is that, every one of us took a different path to get here, and all are singular and legitimate. No matter what our method, and what our level of success, we all spend our day the same way: in imperfect solitude, battling doubt, swatting away the distractions that gallop across our consciousness. A lot of the time, it is anything but pleasant. Always, it is my choice to be doing this.
I am writing because I want to. My work originates in the shadowy recesses of the mind and even in the most parched or fallow times, it is still the land of plenty. There is success, failure and everything in between. But mostly there is the labor, the constant lassoing of thoughts into sentences. It would be difficult if it weren't actually so simple. Or maybe, it's the other way around.
Vogue, June 2016
Me, my legs, and a mini dress I had no business buying. Read my story in June Vogue.
Vogue Beauty
Two new pieces for Roads and Kingdoms
Vogue, March 2016
Ode to Paris for Yahoo Travel
After the attacks of November 13, Paris endures and always will. My essay, here.
Paris in one day? Why not?
Yes, it can be done. Read my story on Yahoo Travel.
Gorillas and Coffee Bars – Transformation in Rwanda
Always happy when a publication pays attention to Rwanda. Thank you, Yahoo Travel, for publishing this piece on my favorite country.
Vogue September Issue 2015
This is the first time one of my magazine pieces has been on page 656. The Beyoncé issue is enormous and I'm happy to have contributed a piece on derrières to the 2015 September Vogue.
The World's Most Perfect Peach
August, 2015
I'm very excited to contribute this story on the Roussanne peach, found in southwestern France, to Roads and Kingdoms. Read the essay here.
Femme Fatigue for Town and Country
An essay that asserts that though French women are incredible…so are their American sisters. Read the article here. T & C
Tin House Open Bar
- Lyme Disease for Town & Country, August 2016
- There is No Handbook for This, in THE MILLIONS
- Vogue September Issue 2015
- The World's Most Perfect Peach
- Femme Fatigue for Town and Country
- Tin House Open Bar
- Marriage, Infidelity and Middle Age: Some Good News
- Into Africa
- Me, in a Suitcase
- The Joys of (not) Going it Alone


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text:
Workers are closer to bike trail's finish
on May 01, 2010 at 5:15 AM
View/Post Comments
Ken Stevens | Muskegon Chronicle
: Roger Gould of Accurate Excavators LLC of Muskegon operates a front loader on a new extension to the Lakeshore Trail at Heritage Landing Monday, April 26, 2010. He and co-workers were preparing the path for the final layer of blacktop. The new section will be used as a bypass to go around Heritage Landing so people using it can travel uninterrupted during Summer Celebration and other events at the county park. The final layer of the path was laid Friday, April 30, and the extension is now ready for use.
View/Post Comments
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Stonington — School administrators have recommended disbanding three combined-grade programs but preserving a fourth.
The recommendation calls for keeping the seventh- and eighth-grade CRICKETS program at Mystic Middle School and disbanding the fifth- and sixth-grade programs at Mystic and Pawcatuck middle schools. The Mystic program is the May/Junes program, while the Pawcatuck programs are called PFish and Otters.
There are currently 180 students in the combined-grade programs, known as looping programs.
The recommendation is a culmination of a review by school officials to determine whether or not the programs are able to meet new state standards. With the Common Core State Standards, to be implemented this fall, comes annual testing of students to determine if they are meeting the standards for their grade.
The concern is that students in the looping programs will not have had all the grade-appropriate curriculum instruction required for the testing because students learn material from both grades over a two-year period.
The recommendation was presented to the school board on Thursday.
A large group of students and parents, many of them affiliated with the challenging CRICKETS program, urged the school board at a meeting last month to not eliminate the programs. Students in CRICKETS score between 5 and 15 points higher on state mastery tests than their peers.
School officials are now recommending that the three fifth- and sixth-grade programs become individual fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms in 2013-14. This is because the new Common Core Standards are organized in clusters for K-5 and 6-8, making the differences between the fifth- and sixth-grade standards significant, according to the recommendation.
The recommendation states that although teachers have indicated there are various ways to meet the new standards within the fifth- and sixth-grade looping programs, "the administration feels that separating the grade level expectations is in the best interest of academic achievement for all students."
The recommendation states that an expected decrease in enrollment at Pawcatuck Middle School next year also poses "a number of challenges and opportunities to reconfigure the classroom settings in those grades."
It adds that aspects of the programs, such as group learning and project-based learning, will be incorporated in all classrooms.
"This doesn't mean that the good things about these programs won't remain in some way," school board Chairwoman Gail MacDonald said Thursday.
The reconfiguration will equitably distribute students in heterogeneous groups, which was not the case with the looping programs because placement was based on parental preference, the recommendation states.
Because of fewer differences in the Common Core Standards between grades six and seven, the report said the CRICKETS program will remain in place for 2013-14. Though no details were included, the recommendation states that the selection process must be changed to ensure the class matches the overall demographics of each grade level.
Currently, students who wish to apply submit their names, and the class is chosen by lottery.
Police: New London pair stole more than $500 in Sears merchandise
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East Lyme first selectman recommends independent police force
Cutting hair, chatting up customers for more than 50 years in New London
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Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Located southwest of downtown Detroit, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW) is among the busiest airports in the United States. The airport is a hub for Delta Air Lines, which offers flights to Asia, Europe, and most destinations in North America. Several European and Middle Eastern airlines also offer service to Detroit, making it a convenient international gateway to the Midwest.
Airlines serving Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport: Air Canada Express, Air France, American Airlines, Comair, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Lufthansa German Airlines, Qatar Airways, Royal Jordanian Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines, United Airlines, United Express, USA 3000, and Virgin Atlantic Airways.Add to your Trip Planner
Scooter riding
Scooters are very convenient for moving around everywhere and Michigan is no exception. The purring sound can't compare to the "real" exhaust tones I'm used to but it's fun. This one that I've been using was not highway rated - although topping 60+ mph - and this condition had the positive result to let me explore more of places that I'd otherwise hardly go through. Good thing I fabricated and installed a support bracket for the GPS to find my way around. Southeast Michigan roads are notoriously badly paved but this two-wheeler handled them decently as well as unpaved roads. Riding on smooth pavements is kind of a dream in this part of the world!Related to:
- Motorcycle
Pine River - Need a canoe/kayak!
If you decide to canoe or kayak the Pine River I recommend renting from Horina. It's located on SR 37, about 1 miles south of the intersection of SR37 and SR 55 and about a 1/4 mile south of the Peterson bridge campground.
The cost for of renting a canoe is $40. There is usually 2 people per canoe. This cost includes transportation (provided by the outfitters) needed to be taken to and from the river at the end of your trip.
This outfitter uses Old Town canoes. These are not aluminum, don't leak and have far more comfortable seats.
Tell Jim, Glen sent you!Related to:
- Kayaking
- Adventure Travel
- Family Travel
When a bicycle can fly
When I decided to buy a bicycle in Detroit I was unsure about taking it with me to Europe, but I eventually did. Lufthansa considers a bike as a piece of luggage and you just have to check it in as it is with no additional costs, at least on their intercontinental flights. No need for the bike to be put into a special carton or bag, not even the need to take apart the pedals or other parts.
I just wrapped it up to prevent scratches and loaded onto my rental car along with another piece of luggage and a small carry-on backpack. I was traveling alone, I had then to drive straight to the rental car return and took advantage of the shuttle bus to the Mac Namara terminal in Detroit Metro airport. If that was fun and easy, it proved otherwise tricky to catch a couple of elevators up and down to reach the check-in area. Good thing I could cram the bike in the elevators, vertically, with the complicity of other travelers who kindly held the door open. For the rest it all went well and I got my wheels back in Torino.
Bottomline is that if you ever fly with your bike out Detroit Metro airport, just avoid an adventure and have someone drop you off in front of the terminal!Related to:
- Cycling
On the island
On Mackinac Island, you cannot use a car. The hotels have horses and carriages, there are horse and carriage "taxis" and tours, and the most popular form of transport is a bicycle (which you can rent on the island). The horse and carriage you take to and from your hotel will not contain your luggage. Your luggage will arrive separately which can be convenient or not depending upon your perspective.Add to your Trip Planner
Well it's Michigan, home of the (former) Big Three so convenient travel such as trains and subways is fairly non-existent. You will need a car to get to where you need to go. Interestingly enough though one of our major tourist destinations is Mackinac Island where no cars are allowed! Do not travel in the Detroit area from 6:30- 8:30 a.m. and 3:30-6:30 p.m. if you can possibly help it. Traffic is a nightmare and we have no carpool lanes (which really annoys me as I carpool to work). Other than these times, the roads are ok (but careful in the spring for potholes). As you travel north, you will see some beautiful scenery from the highways yet the farther north you go, the less highways you will have for travel. This is ok by me though!Add to your Trip Planner
Motorcycle riding
I don't have a motorcycle of my own in Michigan but a comprehensive colleague had the great idea of letting me borrow his cruiser for some time. Riding around Detroit requires extra attention for the quality of paved roads is not the best. Potholes and bulky joints jeopardize a more vulnerable vehicle such as a motorcycle, even if these are hit at lower speeds than the 70 mph interstate and freeway limit. Right after violent downpours I went through flooded sections under a couple of bridges and, although I made it, that was not the best of my personal experiences.
I was ready to leave for a 6,000 trip around the country and it would have been something memorable but it was eventually canceled.Related to:
- Road Trip
Michigan D O T
MDOT has a great website of useful information for tourists driving to places in Michigan.
There are tons of maps and brochures about Michigan cities and roads.
They have route planners and distance calculators. There are maps of construction areas and rest areas. They have a page of safety tips for all drivers in Michigan. There are instructions and information on toll roads, bridges and ferries. They have answers to questions about the "courtesy unit" that patrols Michigan Interstates looking for stranded motorists to aid.
The website (see below) is fairly easy to navigate but can be several layers thick before you get to the exact information you want.Related to:
- Road Trip
UP See the Mackinac Bridge
I thought the Mackinac Bridge was a sight unto itself. The bridge is or was the biggest one in the world in its day and it still retains a sense engineering bravado that isn't all that common. The toll is $2 each way, collected on the north end and the views alone make it worth the sum. On either side, in either direction, even in less than fully clear weather, you have an excellent view of the straits and coastlines. For views of the bridge itself, you can drop into Mackinac City (or St. Ignace presumably) and stroll along the lakeside park. If you have kinder, there is an amusement park nearby.Add to your Trip Planner
The Mackinac Ferry
For a dollar per minute you can take the ferry to Mackinac Island. Ferries leave from both St. Ignace and the City of Mackinac. On holidays lines can be long, but the ferry ride is very short as the boats are fast. Still and all, I think $20 is a bit steep for a simple ferry ride even if it does cover both ways. Sadly, it is the only way to get to the island unless you own your own boat.Related to:
- Road Trip
Harley Davidson Road Rally
When I was a little girl in gradeschool, my parents had a summer place in Meridith, Michigan, along the road where thousands of Harley riders passed by on their way to their final rally point at Westbranch, Michigan. I remember that I was in awe of these huge motorcycles and their leather-clad riders! This rally still takes place once a year in Michigan. It takes place around the last week in July. Nowadays, the riders look strangely older?? But the clothes are still...heavy black leather with those wonderful silver studs!
Check out this lovely red number, parked in a local parking lot! Also, check out the gas price! That was 2004! This year, 2005, the price has gone up to $2.38! How far will it go???
Maybe that's why the motorcycle never goes out of fashion!Related to:
- Motorcycle
Still running
When Henry Ford made his first cars, he made them to last! You will most likely see many such old restored cars on the roads in Michigan, especially in the summer. So, keep your eyes out; it also makes for fun 'road games' with the kids, to see who can spot the most of these old cars while traveling along the road while on holiday:):)
I spotted this one in a parking lot with the unusual license plate that said:
"Looking for Good Woman! Must be able to clean, cook, sew,restore and polish automobiles. Please send pictures of car and garage!"
I bet this guy is still looking!!!Related to:
- Road Trip
Michigan Map at Hand
Since Michigan is bounded by the Great Lakes, why not take the costal highway for an unforgettable trip. Outdoor enthusiast, history buffs and sightseers will all discover many wonderful places along the newly designed Sunrise Side Costal Highway. This 200 mile stretch of US-23 rambles through welcoming villages in six counties form Sstandish(about 45 miles north of Saginaw) all the way to the beautiful Mackinac Bridge. At Mackinc, you can go hiking, biking, kayaking, canoeing and swimming...in the summer of course. You can also tour the famous lighthouses, as well as some very ornate lumber barons' homes.Related to:
- Road Trip
The Mackinac Bridge
For years many people thought that a bridge could never be built across the treacherous Straits of Macinac, where the cold waters of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan converge. When the five-mile-long, structure opened to traffic on Nov. 1, 1957, it was by any standard one of the great enginering feats in the world. Between the approaches on each end, it contains the longest suspension bridge in the Western Hemisphere, 8,614-feet-long and 252-feet-high.
Today the bridge not only connects the upper and lower peninsulas of Michigan, but via Interstate 75, it is a major artery for traffic across North America, from Ontario to Florida. The bridge itself has become something of a tourist attraction and a popular subject for photographers. Best views may be had from the Fort Mackinac State Historic Park at the south foot of the bridge, in Mackinac City.
A Bridge Walk is held at Mackinac each Labor Day morning. On that day two of the lanes are closed to traffic and more than 50,000 people walk across, From St. Ignace to Mackinac City. The Governor of Michigan usually leads the walk.Related to:
- Architecture
- Road Trip
Be a Courteous Driver
The people in Michigan are serious about their cars and about driving.
Be sure to be courteous, stay right except to pass on the highway (I've heard of people trying to control other people's speed...ever hear of roadrage? It is a serious problem.) Stay aware of your surroundings and for goodness sake accelerate away from stop signs and stop lights.Related to:
- Family Travel
- Business Travel
Michigan Hotels
Detroit Marriott Renaissance Center
We won the bid for a 2-night stay here at a fundraising auction last year - we had been talking...more
Main Street Inn and Suites
The location of the Main Street Inn and Suites couldn't be better. It overlooks the main street and...more
Comfort Suites
2463 US 41 West, Marquette, Michigan, 49855, United States
Satisfaction: Excellent
Good for: Couples
Top Michigan Hotels
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- 61 Reviews - 180 Photos
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Instant Answers: Michigan
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- Great room rates
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We maintain high standards
We pride ourselves on maintaining a high standard which guarantees our guests a safe, educational and memorable experience. Not only are our guides expert mariners, they are… Read More
We are different
What Makes Us Different … and Better Professional Experienced Qualified guides First Class Sound System Comfortable Seating Scheduled stops in secluded bays and inlets Newer Boats, Bigger… Read More
Killer Whale Watching
Our parent company Campbell River Whale Watching and Adventure Tour Company , Campbell River B.C. invites you to experience some of the most spectacular Orca Killer Whale… Read More


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Hotels in La Grande, Oregon
Search & Compare La Grande Hotels
Get Secret Prices on select hotels
These prices aren't available to everyone.
Trending now in La Grande
- Most bookedAmericas Best Value Sandman Inn
30 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Excellent hotel off of main street in la grande. Room and beds were clean and comfy."
T, Sep 2016, US
21 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I was delighted to find a room with 2 King beds for the same price as 2 standard beds. And the room was actually 2 rooms connected by and open doorway. And the hotel had a pool and spa tub. It was perfect for my husban and I traveling with my 2 small grandsons!! And the hotel was located close t..."
C, Sep 2016, US
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Perfect for a flying stop on our way South. Nice perk to have a complimentary bite of breakfast. Pleasant staff, nice room. Simple & small but just right for this visit."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, US
14 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Dated but very clean. Everything was in good working order. Very nice for a budget hotel"
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
13 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Nothing fancy, but a reasonable price through Expedia. Older motel, but appeared to be well maintained. Beds were excellent to sleep on. "
T, Sep 2016, US
- La Grande InnNo Guest Reviews yet
13 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
- Best Western Plus Rama Inn & SuitesNo Guest Reviews yet
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I had a great room with kitchenette, and the beds were cozy. Enjoyed having the free WiFi!"
A Traveller, Oct 2015, US
Best hotels in La Grande
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- Americas Best Value Sandman Inn
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- Royal Motor Inn
- Travelodge La Grande
The location of your La Grande hotel is important. If you are traveling to La Grande, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
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Turret Cafe
Benteng de Kock
Benteng de Kock was built by the Dutch during the Padri Wars. There's not much to it but it offers fine views over the town. The...
Pasar Bawah
Central market.
Masjid Raya
Central mosque.
Rimbun Espresso & Brew Bar
The home of Bukittinggi's best coffee, with frappes, cappuccinos, frappuccinos and more, made with local beans. Latte art has finally...
Waroeng Jalal Spesifik Sambal
Fans of spicy dishes will love this shady garden warung specialising mostly in sambal dishes. Squid, prawns, chicken, tofu, tempeh and...
Jl Ahmad Yani 140-142 · interesting places nearby
Turret Cafe information
A smattering of Western dishes with the odd inclusion of mie goreng (fried noodles) and green curry, cold beer, and the best guacamole in town. Prepare for a leisurely meal.


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Covering all of Rhode Island. Call us at 401-849-3000
Dream year round or vacation home. Direct ocean front views of RI Sound & Block Island. Custom built for builders own use. Private gated parking, 3 levels, deck, gourmet kitchen w/stainless. 3 over the top baths. Million Dollar appointments.
Listing Courtesy of BHHS Gammons Realty


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Welcome to Independent Living
Providing free information and advice for more than 15 years.
Independent Living – the place for impartial information about products and services to help with mobility and independence.
Whoever you are – OT, physio or other health professional, family carer, individual with a disability, Independent Living can provide the advice you need. Keep up-to-date with the latest information by subscribing for our free weekly newsletter. You can read the latest issue online here, and sign up for your own copy here.
If you are looking for products, the drop-down menu above will take you to a full range of aids to daily living, mobility and independence, grouped together in categories. Products for professional users, such as care home furniture, hoists, postural and pressure management systems, are similarly grouped. Just follow the links under "Independent Living Buyers Guide" or "Professional Buyers Guide"
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The Independent Living newscentre, also linked from the menu above, includes case studies, new product focus, industry news, podcasts, guest blogs, and our newsletter archives. For advice on various aspects of living with a disability or caring for someone who cannot live independently, including information on benefits; legislation; keeping warm and well; fall prevention; and generally coping with being a carer, the Advice Centre is the place to look.
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Our weekly newsletter highlights the latest developments of interest to health and social care professionals, family carers and disabled individuals, including new products and services, changes in legislation, etc. You can read the current and archived issues online here, and sign up to receive your own copy by email here
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5338 Denner alto a=415, ebony. Designed by Ralf Ehlert the Denner is a further indication of Moeck...
5325 Stanesby alto a=442, indian boxwood, antique patina.
5326 Stanesby alto a=415, indian boxwood, antique patina.
5324 Stanesby alto a=415, indian boxwood. Thomas Stanesby senior (1668-1734) was a London maker and this alto instrument is designed by Ralf Ehlert


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I don't know anything about this kind of stuff really. Are these bi tto rrent downloads of show like on here http://www.dimeadozen.org/ legal downloads? I'd appreciate anybody's input. Thanks!
I don't know anything about this kind of stuff really. Are these bi tto rrent downloads of show like on here http://www.dimeadozen.org/ legal downloads? I'd appreciate anybody's input. Thanks!
Last edited by 919191; 08-21-2006 at 01:38 AM.
I've been to dinner at Jimmy Buffet's house, and I've eaten it at a homeless shelter. And there's great joy and harrowing terror to be found in both places.
-Todd Snider
if you are obtaining copywrighted software, etc., then no, it's not legal.Originally Posted by 919191
"My mission is to be the ray of hope, the guy who stands out there on that beautiful field and owns up to his mistakes and lets people know it's never completely hopeless, no matter how bad it seems at the time. I have a platform and a message, and now I go to bed at night, sober and happy, praying I can be a good messenger." -Josh Hamilton
It's also illegal to drive over the speed limit.
Good way of putting it.Originally Posted by Hap
Obtaining it isn't illegal though, although distributing it is.....
Go Reds!
Baseball Bliss
Im a normal guy blessed with the ability to hit a baseball. - Sean Casey
i wouldn't really have this topic here, or atleast break up the words bi ttor rent, spiders for RIAA have been known to pick up these words and such.
Here's the counterargument. If you exceed the speed limit but drive safely and attentively, that's a victimless crime. If you download copyrighted software, that's stealing. Stealing is not a victimless crime.Originally Posted by Hap
I don't say this to shake my finger at anybody. I used to take music in the early days of Napster, but after some soul searching decided it wasn't for me.
". . . acquiring J. Blanton from Oakland for, apparently, Bailey/Cueto, Votto and a lesser prospect. I do it in a second . . . The Reds' equation this year is simple: Make Matt Belisle your #3 starter . . . trade for Blanton, win 85 or more, be in the mix all summer." - Paul Daugherty, Feb. 8, 2008
Actually, I was referring to live shows- one from I think it was The Bluebird in Bloomington in May. I am under the impression it was recorded with the knowledge of the artist, but I guess that doesn't even make it legal (or right) if it is cpoyrighted material. I've never downloaded anything I haven't paid for- I guess I never wanted to risk prosecution for something I don't want that much anyway- heck, I am struggling even trying to figure it out.
I've been to dinner at Jimmy Buffet's house, and I've eaten it at a homeless shelter. And there's great joy and harrowing terror to be found in both places.
-Todd Snider
As stated by someone else, its the people who make it available for download that are the ones prosecuted. My brother uses this stuff all the time to download everything and then some.Originally Posted by 919191
Championships for MY teams in my lifetime:
Cincinnati Reds - 75, 76, 90
Chicago Blackhawks - 10, 13, 15
University of Kentucky - 78, 96, 98, 12
Chicago Bulls - 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98
Everything that happens before Death is what counts.
― Ray Bradbury, Something Wicked This Way Comes
The recording industry stole my money for years, so I say stick it to them.Originally Posted by cincinnati chili
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Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site features a reconstructed 1840s adobe fur trading post on the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail where traders, trappers, travelers, and the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes came together in peaceful terms for trade. Today, living historians recreate the sights, sounds, and smells of the past with guided tours, demonstrations and special events.
Castle of the Plains
Narration provided on theSouthwest Chief
Volunteers narrate excursions aboard Amtrak's Southwest Chief departing La Junta, CO for overnight trips to Albuquerque, MN.
Hispanic Heritage Day
Mexican laborers were herders, wranglers, adobe repairers, gardeners, teamsters, cooks and horse guards for the Bent and St.Vrain Company
Traditional Holiday Celebration
The fort comes alive with period holiday activities including candle light tours, wagon rides, toy making, taffy pull, and games.
Trade Starts With A Secure Adobe Fort
The fort was like a merchant ship on the ocean. Valuable furs and goods could attract piracy. Battlements give the company staying power.


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Maybach Exelero sold for $8 million
Rapper Birdman, also known as Bryan Williams, has reportedly spent $8,000,000 on the one-off Maybach Exelero coupe.
The car combines the elegance and first-class quality of a high-end limousine with the powerful suppleness of a sports coupe.
It was born as a high-profile demonstrator commissioned by Fulda for its series tire line – 315/25 ZR 23, licensed for speeds of more than 350 km/h (217 mph).
The two-seater Maybach Exelero is fitted with a V12 biturbo engine capable of developing 700 horsepower at 5,000 rpm and 753 lm.ft (1,020 Nm) of maximum torque at 2,500 rpm.
This amount of power propels the vehicle from naught to sixty in 4.4 seconds and on to a maximum speed of 218 mph (351 km/h).
"They got this new Maybach that I want that costs $8 million, I gotta have it," he was quoted as saying a couple of weeks ago in an interview by celebritycarsblog.com.
According to Forbes, as of January 2011, Birdman's net worth is estimated to be $100 million, which pretty much makes him the fourth wealthiest rapper after Diddy, Jay-Z and Dr. Dre.
Thanks Autoevolution for this source of inspiration.


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Capital Markets
Company Overview of N+1 Swiss Capital
Company Overview
N+1 Swiss Capital provides corporate financial advisory services. The firm offers mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, management buy-out and buy-in, financial restructuring; and private equity, debt, and public offering financing advisory services. It also provides institutional asset management and private wealth management services. The firm was founded in 1998 and is based in Zurich, Switzerland. As of June 4, 2014, N+1 Swiss Capital operates as a subsidiary of N+1 Group.
Talacker 41
Zurich, 8001
Founded in 1998
41 44 226 52 32
41 44 226 53 32
Key Executives for N+1 Swiss Capital
N+1 Swiss Capital Key Developments
N+1 Swiss Capital Presents at Swiss M&A and Private Equity Forum 2015, Oct-22-2015 09:15 AM. Venue: The Dolder Grand, Kurhausstrasse 65, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland. Speakers: Kurt Rüegg, Senior Partner and Chairman.
N+1 Swiss Capital Presents at Swiss M&A and Private Equity Forum 2014, Nov-06-2014 10:00 AM. Venue: The Dolder Grand, Zurich, Switzerland. Speakers: Kurt Rüegg, Senior Partner and Chairman.
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text: My wife and I stayed here for two nights and enjoyed being in such a historic house. We were given the free tour of the house by Terry who was brilliant. We also ate dinner in the Castle restaurant which was superb but that is the subject of a separate review. Our room was on the top floor of the... 更多


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Busta Rhymes teams up with P. Diddy for a performance during the Soul Train awards. AP Photo
March 20, 2002 |
BET Awards, Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles, Calif. AP Photo
June 27, 2010 |
If we have information that is incorrect on this itinerary, please
send us an email
© Copyright 2015 Pollstar. All Rights Reserved.
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License Agreement.
Tickets for dates listed may not yet be on sale. Dates may change without notice.


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Many, if not most, anesthesiologists consider themselves primary care specialists—the internist in the operating room, the primary physician in the chronic pain setting, the physician without conflict of interest in the preoperative assessment of patients, and the physician interested in pain control and functional status recovery in the critical care and outpatient environments. Changes in each of these areas were introduced during the past year. "Smart" new technologies, such as the use of computers to turn one form of data (hemoglobin absorbance) into a clinically useful number (oxygen saturation), have been made part of practice guidelines. These new technologies and guidelines have improved the quality of anesthesia care, reduced its cost, and reduced malpractice premiums.
As we enter a new decade, changing practice and research patterns in anesthesiology are evident. Injection of local anesthetics through interpleural catheters can be repeated to provide pain relief over long periods in patients with
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Ecomerce web design/develop in WordPress with shoping cart - repost
This project received 39 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $513 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids39
Project Description
We are looking experienced web development company who can design and develop a neat website for Fruit Gift basket Company.
We personally like Wordpress plate form but your ideas will be appreciated.
Website should have a mobile version.
Loading time should be 90+%
SEO Friendly design.
Payment method integration.
Bug free site and compatible with all browsers.
we have reference sites to give you an idea but those sites are developed in osCommerce/opencart and magneto. can we get the same design and features in wordpress as well?? We are open for suggestions.
Please bid with your portfolio and past work on [url removed, login to view]
newbies should don't waste their time to bid here.
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- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


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nice pic butt you mentioned wrong date. date is 1937
Pir Panjhal Range
91 избранное 66 Likes. Дети всегда завораживают!
Hi my dad's family was from from sahuwala tell me is it developed are there any old houses still there
Fantastisch :)
Gr. ~
All Panoramio Friends,,
Thank you very much for your visits,& nice comments
molto bella, like........ciao, Flavio


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Average Rating
User Reviews
my friends made me watch itthis anime was all over tumblr and my friends watch it and loved it and they said I had to watch it to so I did and it was a nice anime, honestly I didn't think an anime about swimming could be interesting, but this was lmao. fave character was probably Makoto Tachibana (he reminds me of jin of bts for some reason)
CRYING FOREVER BC PERFECTTHIS ANIME COULD NOT GET ANY BETTER AND I AM CRYING BECAUSE IT IS OVER.Read more
This anime is about a group of friends who were in a swim club together in middle school, and ended up going to the same high school. Their high school, however, does not have a swim club. So the boys decide to get together and start back up the swim club and start competing.
It is such a good show ohhhh my gosh if your ...
If you think it's all about the man-service......Boy, are you wrong!Read more
If you're looking for whether or not this is worth trying, then yes. Yes it is.
I'll admit, season 1 has plenty, and season 2 only tones it down a bit, but for those of us who don't care about the likes of fan service, we already have our coping methods. Just use those. For those of you who like it, enjoy! For those of you who despise it, no one's forcing you to ...
Love this show, is a must watchI absolutely love this, im a swimmer myself and i think this really is accurate of what happens in a real swimming club.
One thing people are going to hate is that they say it is fanservice, and of course it is... its a show about swimmers, what do swimmers wear? yes swimsuits
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful:SugoiOh my! I love Free! This is the second season which was just as great as the first! It's so wild, intriguing,lovable, and just wow! Haru is actually one of my favorite characters, but if I had to choose my ultimate it w2ould be Makoto. Their relationship together is so stong! Nagisa is so energetic and can be sensitive if needed, and Rei is sweet and sassy
Anime at it's finest!This is a really a really great show. The characters really care about each other. It is well thought out, and the plot is riveting! I believe this is one of the best anime I have watched. Definitely in my top ten! You should definitely watch it. (and be free!)
I honest love this show so much!Ok, for two seconds forget it's a show about a bunch of boys swimming. The plot is solid, the characters are beautifully lovable, and they are the reason I have no life right now. I love this anime and I'm not ashamed of it. But don't tell my family. Or my friends. Only my sister knows and we're both obsessed.
Makes me want to swim!Just a great show. Lots of fun and good characters. Loved it.
I agree with many, don't think this show is just for the ladies. Wasn't sure how this series would be able to keep my interest in the second season, but it proved to be solid all the way through. Both season 1 and 2 were enjoyable.
getting use to crunchyroll betterI more into romance anime's, but I like funny, sweet, horror, and action anime's. What I mean is that they is a lot of different types of anime's out there who can gust pick one of them as your fav kind of anime you know what I mean by that i gust have so many as my fav anime that i cant just pick one I deftly cant do that.
Accept the power of water and watch this!This anime is crazy good!Read more
The characters are hilarious and, weirdly, have real depth; the swimming scenes and realities are so well done that I felt nostalgic for my glory days; and the emotions.. those are just so realistic that I could not help by cry for a couple of the scenes -- I have to admit it.Spoiler Alert! Click to show or hide"I knew you would cry" anyone?
If you are looking for a good anime ...