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Saturday, September 24, 2016
Georgia's Native American hero Tomochichi (c 1644-1739)
William Verelst (British artist, 1704–1752) Trustees of Georgia and Chief Tomochichi
From Europe to the Atlantic coast of America & on to the Pacific coast during the 17C-19C, settlers moved West encountering a variety of Indigenous Peoples who had lived on the land for centuries.
Tomochichi (ca. 1644-1739) from New Georgia Encyclopedia
Julie Anne Sweet, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 09/20/2002 Edited by NGE Staff on 08/16/2016
"Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians, remains a prominent character of early Georgia. As the principal mediator between the native population & the new English settlers during the first years of Georgia's settlement, Tomochichi contributed much to the establishment of peaceful relations between the two groups & to the ultimate success of Georgia. His nephew, Toonahowi, is seated on the right.
"As the principal mediator between the native population & the new English settlers during the first years of settlement, Tomochichi contributed much to the establishment of peaceful relations between the two groups & to the ultimate success of Georgia.
William Verelst (British artist, 1704–1752) Tomochachi and his nephew Tooanahowi
"Little is known about the youth of this warrior & chieftain because of the absence of accurate documentation. Presumably, he was Creek & participated in their early activities with Englishmen in South Carolina, both peaceful & hostile. About 1728 Tomochichi created his own tribe of the Yamacraws from an assortment of Creek & Yamasee Indians after the two nations disagreed over future relations with the English & the Spanish. His group, approximately two hundred people, settled on the bluffs of the Savannah River because the location was the resting place of his ancestors & had close proximity to English traders. When General James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) & his fellow settlers reached the region in February 1733, they realized the need to negotiate fairly with the neighboring Indian tribes or risk the success of their enterprise. Among Oglethorpe's entourage was Mary Musgrove, daughter of a Creek mother & an English father, who served as interpreter between the general & the chief. Tomochichi had had previous contact with English colonists, making him unafraid yet cautious. The aging warrior had several different options available, but he decided to receive the new arrivals & to give them permission to establish Savannah in order to take advantage of trading & diplomatic connections.
"During the first five years of English settlement, Tomochichi provided invaluable assistance to the new colony. One year after Oglethorpe's arrival, the Indian chief accompanied him back to England along with a small delegation of family & Lower Creek tribesmen. There, Tomochichi expertly fulfilled the position as mediator for his people during numerous meetings with important English dignitaries. He politely followed English mannerisms in his public appearances while pushing for recognition & realization of the demands of his people for education & fair trade. Upon his return to Georgia, Tomochichi met with other Lower Creek chieftains to reassure them of the honest intentions of these new Englishmen & convinced them to ally with the English despite previous deceitful encounters with their northern neighbors in South Carolina.
"After Oglethorpe returned to Georgia in February 1736, the chief received John Wesley, minister of Savannah, his brother Charles, & their friend Benjamin Ingham. Tomochichi reiterated his requests for Christian education for his tribe, but John Wesley rebuffed him with complex replies. Ingham, on the other hand, assisted in creating an Indian school at Irene, which opened in September 1736 much to the delight of the elderly chieftain. The same year, Tomochichi & Oglethorpe participated in an expedition to determine the southern boundaries of Georgia & helped mediate interactions with the Spanish. Tomochichi exerted his best efforts to maintain peace, & Oglethorpe regularly asked his friend for advice & assistance in achieving this goal.
"During the summer of 1739 Oglethorpe made an unprecedented journey to Coweta, deep in Indian Territory, to bolster his connections to the Lower Creeks, which resulted in a mutually favorable treaty. Tomochichi was unable to partake directly in Oglethorpe's negotiations; instead, he lay at home in his village fighting a serious illness. Tomochichi died on October 5, 1739, & while sources differ over his exact age, historians & contemporary observers generally agree that he was in his late nineties. His contributions to the colony of Georgia were celebrated with an English military funeral, & the grave site was commemorated with a marker of "a Pyramid of Stone"
Helen Todd, Tomochichi: Indian Friend of the Georgia Colony (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1977).
1676 Ann Cotton's Account of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia - about those Native Americans once again
From Europe to the Atlantic coast of America & on to the Pacific coast during the 17C-19C, settlers moved West encountering a variety of Indigenous Peoples who had lived on the land for centuries.
In 1676, about 1,000 Virginians broke out of control led by a 29-year-old planter, Nathaniel Bacon. They fiercely resented Virginia's Governor William Berkeley for his friendly policies towards the Indians. When Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of savage Indian attacks on frontier settlements (due to his monopolization of the fur trading with them), the crowd took matters into their own hands. The crowd murderously attacked Indians and chased Berkeley from Jamestown, Virginia. They torched the capitol. As the civil war in Virginia continued, Bacon suddenly died from disease. Berkeley took advantage of this and crushed the uprising, hanging more than 20 rebels. Charles II complained of the penalties dealt by Berkeley. Due to the rebellions and tensions started by Bacon, lordly planters looked for other, less troublesome laborers to work their tobacco plantations. They soon looked to Africa for their cheap labor.
This is not a contemporary depiction.
The following letters & proclamations reflect life in 17C Virginia in rather amazing detail. A woman named Ann Cotton wrote her eyewitness account of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia in 1676. The letter is at once an intricate puzzle & a revealing look at the society & events of the era. At the time, the letter sent to England was a journalistic effort of some note. Today the letter is a primary-source history of continuing consequence & intrigue. Exactly who was Ann Cotton, & who are all of the folks she refers to in her account with often veiled or obscure references?
It is difficult to determine exactly who Ann Cotton was, but the evidence indicates that a woman named Ann appeared early in the colony with her future husband, John Cotton. Ann Cotton may have been Ann Dunbar whose name appeared on several headright lists next to John Cotton. The names John Cotton & Ann Dunbar first appear together in Drummond's 1661 headright application. Then in Nov. 1666, John Paine applied for a headright for 18 people and listed John Cotton & Ann Dunbar side by side. Some suggest that John Cotton may have married a 2nd Ann, Hannah Anne Graves. John & Ann Cotton bought the Wheeler plantation Hampton Parish. The records show that a deed dated Feb 18, 1658/59, by which Francis Wheeler sold all his land between King's and Queen's Creeks to Thomas Beale, who sold it to John Cotton, December 31, 1666, who later conveyed it to Col. Nathaniel Bacon. John Cotton in a deed in 1666, named a wife Ann. (William and Mary College Quarterly 5 (1) 123-4). In 1676, a John & Ann Cotton were living at Queen's Creek.
An Account of Our Late Troubles in Virginia. Written by An. Cotton, of Q. Creeke
To Mr. C. H. at Yardley in Northamptonshire. Sir. I haveing seene yours directed to (text missing) and considering that you cannot have your desires satisfied that way, for the forementioned reasons, I have by his permition, adventured to send you this briefe acount, of those affaires, so far as I have bin informed. The Susquehanians and Marylanders of friendes being ingaged enimyes (as hath by former letter bin hinted to you) and that the Indians being ressalutely bent not to forsake there forte; it came to this pointe, yt the Marylanders were obliged (findeing themselves too weake to do the worke themselves) to suplycate (too some granted) aide of the Verginians, put under the conduct of one Collonel Washington (him whom you have sometimes seene at your howse) who being joyned with the Marylanders, invests the Indians in there forte, with a neglegent siege; upon which the enimye made severall salleys, with as many losses to the beseegers; and at last gave them the opertunity to disart the Fort, after that the English had (contrary to ye law of arms) beate out the Braines of 6 grate men sent out to treate a peace: an action of ill consequence, as it proved after. For the Indians having in the darke, slipt through the Legure, and in there passage knock'd 10 of the beseigers on the head, which they found fast a-sleep, leaving the rest to prosecute the Seige, (as Scoging's Wife brooding the Eggs which the Fox had suck'd) they resolved to imploy there liberty in avenging there Commissionres blood, which they speedily effected in the death of sixty inosscent soules, and then send in there Remonstrance to the Governour, in justification of the fact, with this expostulation annext: Demanding what it was moved him to take up arms against them, his professed friends, in the behalfe of the Marylanders, there avowed enimyes.
Declaring there sorow to see the Verginians, of friends to becom such violent enimies as to persue the Chase into anothers dominions; complains that their messengers, sent out for peace, were not only knocked on the head, but the fact countenanced by the governor, for which finding no other way to be satisfied, they had revenged themselves by killing ten for one of the English, such being the disproportion between their men murdered and those by them slain, theirs being persons of quality, the other of inferior rank professing that they may not have a valuable satifaction for the damage they had sustained by the English, and the Virginians would withdraw from their aid from the Marylanders' quarrel; that then they would renew the league with Sir W. B., otherwise they would prosecute the war to the last man, and the hardest send of.
This was fair play for fowl gamesters. But the proposals not to be allowed of as being contrary to the honor of the English, the Indians procede, and, having drawn the neighboring Indians into their aid in a short time, they commited abundance of unguarded and unrevenged murders, by which means a great man of the outward plantations were deserted, the doing whereof did not only terrify the whole colony, but supplanted what esteem the people formerly had for Sir W. B., whom they judged too remiss in applying means to stop the fury of the heathen, and to settle their affections and expectations upon one Esquire Bacon, newly come to the country, one of the council, and nearly related to your late wife's father in law, whom they desired might be commissioned general for the Indian war, which Sir William, for some reasons best known to himself, denying, the gentleman, without any scruple, accepted of a commission from the people's affections, signed by the emergencies of affairs and the country's danger, and forthwith advanced with a small party, composed of such that own his authority, against the Indians, on whom, it is said, he did signal execution.
In his absence, he and those with him, were declared rebels to the state, May 29, and forces raised to reduce him to his obedience, at the head of which the governor advanced some 30 or 40 miles to find Bacon out, but not knowing which way he was gon, he dismisseth his army, retireing himself and councell, to James Towne, there to be redy for the assembly, which was now upon the point of meeting: Whither Bacon some few days after his return hom from his Indian march, repared to render an account of his servis; for which himself and most of those with him in the expedition, were imprissoned; from whence they were freed by judgment in court upon Bacon's tryall, himself readmitted into the councell and promised a commission the Monday following (this was on the Saturday) against the Indians; with which deluded, he smothers his resentments, and beggs leave to visit his Lady (now sick, as he pretended) which granted, he returnes to Towne at the head of 4 or 5 hundred men, well Arm'd: reassumes his demands for a commission. Which, after som howers strugling with the Governour, being obtained, according to his desire, hee takes order for the countreyes security, against the attemps of sculking Indians; fills up his numbers and provissiones, according to the gage of his commission; and so once more advanceth against the Indians, who heareing of his approaches, calls in their Runers and scouts, be taking themselves to there subterfuges and lurking holes.
The General (for so he was now denominated) had not reach'd the head of York River, but that a Post overtakes him, and informes, that Sr. W. B. was a raiseing the Traine-bands in Glocester, with an intent, eather to fall into his reare, or otherways to cutt him off when he should return wery and spent from his Indians servis. This strange newes put him, and those with him, shrodly to there Trumps, beleiveing that a few such Deales or shufles (call them which you will) might quickly ring both cards and game out of his hands.
He saw that there was an abselute necessety of destroying the Indians, and that there was som care to be taken for his owne and Armys safety, other-ways the worke might happen to be rechedly don, where the laberours were made criples, and be compeld (insteade of a sword) to make use of a cruch. It vext him to the heart (as he said) to thinke, that while he was a hunting Wolves, tigers and bears, which daly destroyed our harmless and innosscent Lambs, that hee, and those with him, should be persewed in the reare with a full cry, as more savage beasts.
He perceved like the corne, he was light between those stones which might grinde him to pouder; if he did not looke the better about him. For the preventing of which, after a short consult with his officers, he countermarcheth his Army (about 500 in all) downe to the midle Plantation: of which the Governour being informed, ships himself and adhearers, for Accomack (for the Gloster men refused to owne his quarill against the Generall) after he had caused Bacon, in these parts to be proclaimed a Rebell once more, July 29.
Bacon being sate down with his Army at the midle Plantation, sends out an invitation unto all the prime Gent: men in these parts, to give him a meeting in his quarters, there to consult how the Indians were to be proceeded against, and himself and Army protected against the desines of Sr. W. B. against whose Papers, of the 29 of May, and his Proclameation since, he puts forth his Replication and those papers upon these Dellama's.
First, whether persons wholy devoted to the King and countrey, haters of sinester and by-respects, adventering there lives and fortunes, to kill and destroy all in Arms, against King and countrey; that never ploted, contrived, or indevioured the destruction, detryement or wrong of any of his Majesties subjects, there lives, fortunes, or estates can desurve the names of Rebells and Traters: secondly he cites his owne and soulders peaceable behaviour, calling the wholl countrey to witness against him if they can; hee upbrades som in authorety with the meaneness of there parts, others now rich with the meaneness of there estates, when they came into the countrey, and questions by what just ways they have obtained there welth; whether they have not bin the spunges that hath suck'd up the public tresury: Questions what arts, sciences, schools of Learning, or manufactorys, have bin promoted in authorety: Justefyes his adverssion, in generall against the Indians; upbrades the Governour for manetaneing there quarill, though never so unjust, against the Christians rights; his refuseing to admit an English mans oath against an Indian, when that Indians bare word should be accepted of against an Englishman: sath sumthing against ye Governour concerning the Beaver trade, as not in his power to dispose of to his owne profit, it being a Monopeley of the crowne; Questions whether the Traders at the heads of the Rivers being his Facters, do not buy and sell the blood of there breatheren and country men, by furnishing the Indians with Pouder, shott and Fire Arms, contrary to the Laws of the Collony: He araignes one colonel Cowells asscertion, for saying that the English are bound to protect the Indians, to the hassard of there blood. And so concludes with an Appeale to the King and Parliament, where he doubts not but that his and the Peoples cause will be impartially heard.
Bacon's Castle in Virginia
To comply with the Generalls Invetation, hinted in my former letter, there was a grate convention of the people met him in his quarters; the result of whose meeting was an Ingagement, for the people (of what qullety soever, excepting servants) to subscribe to consisting of 3 heads. First to be aideing, with there lives and estates, the Generall, in the Indian war; secondly, to opose Sr. Williams designes, if hee had any, to hinder the same; and lastly, to protect the Generall, Army and all that should subscribe this Ingagement, against any power that should be sent out of England, till it should be granted that the countreys complaint might be heard, against Sr. William before the King and Parliament. These 3 heads being methodized, and put in to form, by the Clarke of ye Assembly, who happened to be at this meeting, and redd unto the people, held a despute, from allmost noone, till midnight, pro and con, whether the same might, in the last Article especially, be with out danger taken. The Generall, and som others of the cheife men was Resalute in the affirmative, inserting its innosscency, and protesting, without it, he would surrender up his commission to the Assembly, and lett them finde other servants, to do the countreys worke: this, and the newse, that the Indians were fallen downe in to Gloster county, and had kill'd som people, a bout Carters Creeke; made the people willing to take the Ingagement. The chiefe men that subscribed it at this meeting, were coll. Swan, coll. Beale, coll. Ballard, Esq. Bray, (all foure of the councell) coll. Jordan, coll. Smith, of Purton, coll. Scarsbrook, coll. Miller, coll. Lawrance, and Mr. Drommond, late Governour of Carolina; all persons, with whom you have bin formerly acquainted.
This worke being over, and orders taken for an Assemblye to sitt downe the 4 of September (the writs being issued out in his majestyes name, and signed by 4 of the Councell, before named) the Generall once more sitts out to finde the Indians: of which Sr. William have gained intelligence, to prevent Bacons designes by the Assembley, returns from Accomack, with a bout 1000 soulders, and others, in 5 shipps and 10 sloops to James towne; in which was som 900 Baconians (for soe now they began to be called, for a marke of destinction) under the command of coll. Hansford, who was commissionated by Bacon, to raise Forces (if need were) in his absence, for the safety of the countrey. Unto these Sr. William sends in a summons for a Rendition of ye place, with a pardon to all that would decline Bacons and entertaine his cause. What was returned to his sommons I know not; but in the night the Baconians forsake the Towne, by the advice of Drummond and Lawrence (who were both excepted, in the Governours sommons, out of mercy) every one returning to their owne aboades, excepting Drommond, Hansford, Lawrence, and some few others, who goes to finde out the Generall, now returned to the head of York River, haveing spent his provisions in following the Indians on whom he did sum execution, and sent them packing a grate way from the Borders.
Before that Drommond and those with him had reached the Generall, he had dismist his Army, to there respective habitations, to gather strength against the next intended expedition; eccepting som frew resarved for his Gard, and persons liveing in these parts; unto whom, those that came with Hansford being joyned, made about 150 in all: With these Bacon, by a swift march, before any newes was heard of his return from the Indians, in these parts, came to Towne, to ye consternation of all in it, and there blocks the Governour up; which he easily effected by this unheard of project. He was no sooner arrived at Towne, but by several small parties of Horse (2 or 3 in a party, for more he could not spare) he fetcheth into his little Leagure, all the prime mens wives, whose Husbands were with the Governour, (as coll. Bacons Lady, Madm. Bray, Madm. Page, Madm. Ballard, and others) which the next morning he presents to the view of there husbands and friends in towne, upon the top of the smalle worke hee had cast up in the night; where he caused them to tarey till hee had finished his defence against his enemies shott, it being the onely place (as you do know well enough) for those in towne to make a salley at. Which when completed, and the Governour understanding that the Gentle women were withdrawne in to a place of safety, he sends out some 6 or 700 hundred of his soulders, to beate Bacon out of his Trench: But it seems that those works, which were protected by such charms (when a raiseing) that plug'd up the enimys shot in there gains, could not now be storm'd by a vertue less powerfull (when finished) then the sight of a few white Aprons; otherways the servis had bin more honourable and the damage less, several of those who made the salley being slaine and wounded, without one drop of Blood drawne from the enemy. With in too or three days after this disaster, the Governour reships himself, soulders, and all the inhabitants of the towne, and there goods: and so to Accomack a gane; leaving Bacon to enter the place at his pleasure, which he did the next morning before day, and the night following burns it downe to the ground to prevent a futer seege, as hee saide. Which Flagrant, and Flagitious Act performed, he draws his men out of town and marcheth them over York River, at Tindells point, to fine out collnell Brent, who was advancing fast upon him, from Potomack, at the head of 1200 men, (as he was informed) with a designe to raise Bacons seige, from before the towne, or other ways to fight him, as he saw cause. But, Brents soulders no sooner heard that Bacon was got to the north-side Yorke River, with an intent to fight them, and that he had beate the Governour out of the towne, and fearing, if he met with them; that he might beate them out of there lives they basely forsake there colours, the greater part adheareing to Bacons cause; resolveing with the Perssians to go and worship the rising sun, now approaching nere there Horisson: of which Bacon being informed, he stops his proceedings that way, and begins to provide for a nother expedition a gainst the Indian, of whom he had heard no news since his last March, a gainst them: which while he was a contrieving, Death summons him to more urgent affairs in to whose hands (after a short seige) he surrenders his life, leaving his commition in the custody of his Leif't Generall, one Ingram, newly comin to the countrey.
Sr. William no sooner had news that Bacon was Dead but he sends over a party, in a sloop to Yorke who snap'd collonell Hansford, and others with him, that kep a negilegent Gard at coll. Reades howse under his command: When Hansford came to Acomack, he had the honour to be the first Verginian born that ever was hang'd; the soulders (about 20 in all) that were taken with him, were commited to Prisson. Capt. Carver, Capt. Wilford, Capt. Farloe, with 5 or 6 others of less note, taken at other places, ending there days as Hansford did; Major Chessman bein appointed (but is seems not destinated to the like end,) which he prevented by dying in prison through ill usage, as it is said.
This execution being over (which the Baconians termed crewilty in the abstract) Sr. William ships himself and soulder for York River, casting Anchor at Tindells point; from whence he sends up a hundred and 20 men to surprise a Gard, of about, 80 men and boys, kept at coll. Bacons howse, under the command of Major Whaly; who being fore-warn'd by Hansford fate, prevented the designed conflict with the death of the commander in cheife, and the taking som prisoners: Major Lawrence Smith, with 600 men, meeting with the like fate at coll. Pates Howse, in Gloster, a gainst Ingram, (the Baconian Generall) onely Smith saved himself, by leaving his men in the lurtch, being all made prisoners; whom Ingram dismist to their own homes; Ingram himself, and all under his command, with in a few days after, being reduced to his duty, by the well contrivance of Capt. Grantham, who was now lately arrived in York River: which put a period to the war, and brought the Governour a shoare at coll. Bacons, where he was presented with Mr. Drumond; taken the day before in Cheekanonimy swomp, half famished, as him self related to my Husband. From coll. Bacons, the next day, he was convayed, in Irons to Mr. Brays (whither the Governour was removed) to his Tryall, where he was condemn'd with in halfe an hower after his coming to Esqr. Brays, to be handed at the midle Plantation, within 4 howers after condemnation; where he was accordingly, executed, with a pittiful French man. Which don, the Governour removes to his owne howse, to settle his and the countryes repose, after his many troubles; which he effected by the advice of his councel and an Assembly convein'd at the Greene Spring; where severall were condemned to be executed, prime actors in ye Rebellion; as Esqr. Bland, coll. Cruse, and som other hanged at Bacons Trench; Capt. Yong, of Cheekahominy, Mr. Hall, clarke of New-Kent court, James Wilson (once your servant) and one Leift. Collonell Page, (one that my Husband bought of Mr. Lee, when he kep store at your howse) all four executed at coll. Reads, over against Tindells point; and ANTHONY ARNELL (the same that did live at your howse) hanged in chanes at West point, beside severall others executed on the other side James River: enough (they say in all) to out number those slane in the wholl war; on both sides: it being observable that the sword was more favourable than the Halter, as there was a grater liberty taken to run from the sharpness of the one, then would be alowed to shun the dull imbraces of the other: the Hangman being more dredfull to the Baconians, then there Generall was to the Indians; as it is counted more honourable, and less terable, to dye like a soulder, then to be hang'd like a dogg.
Thus Sr. have I rendered you an account of our late troubles in Verginia, which I have performed too wordishly; but I did not know how to help it; Ignorance in som cases is a prevalent ovatour in pleading for pardon, I hope mine may have the fortune to prove soe in the behalfe of Sr. Yor. ffriend and servant, An. Cotton. From Q. Creeke.
Bacon's Declaration in the Name of the People
The Declaracon of the People.
For haveing upon specious pretences of publiqe works raised greate unjust taxes upon the Comonality for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but noe visible effects in any measure adequate, For not haveing dureing this long time of his Gouvernement in any measure advanced this hopefull Colony either by fortificacons Townes or Trade.
For haveing abused and rendred contemptable the Magistrates of Justice, by advanceing to places of Judicature, scandalous and Ignorant favorites.
For haveing wronged his Majesties prerogative and interest, by assumeing Monopoly of the Beaver trade, and for haveing in that unjust gaine betrayed and sold his Majesties Country and the lives of his loyall subjects, to the barbarous heathen.
For haveing, protected, favoured, and Imboldned the Indians against his Majesties loyall subjects, never contriveing, requireing, or appointing any due or proper meanes of sattisfaction for theire many Invasions, robbories, and murthers comitted upon us.
For haveing when the Army of English, was just upon the track of those Indians, who now in all places burne, spoyle, murther and when we might with ease have distroyed them: who then were in open hostillity, for then haveing expressly countermanded, and sent back our Army, by passing his word for the peaceable demeanour of the said Indians, who imediately prosecuted theire evill intentions, comitting horred murthers and robberies in all places, being protected by the said ingagement and word past of him the said Sir William Berkeley, haveing ruined and laid desolate a greate part of his Majesties Country, and have now drawne themselves into such obscure and remote places, and are by theire success soe imboldned and confirmed, by theire confederacy soe strengthned that the cryes of blood are in all places, and the terror, and constimation of the peOple soe greate, are now become, not onely a difficult, but a very formidable enimy, who might att first with ease have beene distroyed.
And lately when upon the loud outcryes of blood the Assembly had with all care raised and framed an Army for the preventing of further mischeife and safeguard of this his Majesties Colony.
For haveing with onely the privacy of some few favorites, without acquainting the people, onely by the alteracon of a figure, forged a Comission, by we know not what hand, not onely without, but even against the consent of the people, for the raiseing and effecting civill warr and distruction, which being happily and without blood shed prevented, for haveing the second time attempted the same, thereby calling downe our forces from the defence of the fronteeres and most weekely expoased places.
For the prevencon of civill mischeife and ruin amongst ourselves, whilst the barbarous enimy in all places did invade, murther and spoyle us, his majesties most faithfull subjects.
Of this and the aforesaid Articles we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty of each and every one of the same, and as one who hath traiterously attempted, violated and Injured his Majesties interest here, by a loss of a greate part of this his Colony and many of his faithfull loyall subjects, by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shamefull manner expoased to the Incursions and murther of the heathen, And we doe further declare these the ensueing persons in this list, to have beene his wicked and pernicious councellours Confederates, aiders, and assisters against the Comonality in these our Civill comotions.
And we doe further demand that the said Sir William Berkeley with all the persons in this list be forthwith delivered up or surrender themselves within fower days after the notice hereof, Or otherwise we declare as followeth.
That in whatsoever place, howse, or ship, any of the said persons shall reside, be hidd, or protected, we declaire the owners, Masters or Inhabitants of the said places, to be confederates and trayters to the people and the estates of them is alsoe of all the aforesaid persons to be confiscated, and this we the Comons of Virginia doe declare, desiering a firme union amongst our selves that we may joyntly and with one accord defend our selves against the common Enimy, and lett not the faults of the guilty be the reproach of the inocent, or the faults or crimes of the oppressours devide and separate us who have suffered by theire oppressions.
These are therefore in his majesties name to command you forthwith to seize the persons above mentioned as Trayters to the King and Country and them to bring to Midle plantacon, and there to secure them untill further order, and in case of opposition, if you want any further assistance you are forthwith to demand itt in the name of the people in all the Counties of Virginia.
Nathaniel Bacon Generall by Consent of the people.
Virginia Governor William Berkeley
The following declaration by Virginia Governor William Berkeley, written on May 19, 1676 about Bacon's Rebellion helps identify some of the players & issues in Ann Cotton's account.
The declaration and Remonstrance of Sir William Berkeley his most sacred Majesties Governor and Captain Generall of Virginia
Sheweth That about the yeare 1660 CoIl. Mathews the then Governor dyed and then in consideration of the service I had don the Country, in defending them from, and destroying great numbers of the Indians, without the loss of three men, in all the time that warr lasted, and in contemplation of the equall and uncorrupt Justice I had distributed to all men, Not onely the Assembly but the unanimous votes of all the Country, concurred to make me Governor in a time, when if the Rebells in England had prevailed, I had certainely dyed for accepting itt, `twas Gentlemen an unfortunate Love, shewed to me, for to shew myselfe gratefull for this, I was willing to accept of this Governement againe, when by my gracious Kings favour I might have had other places much more proffitable, and lesse toylesome then this hath beene. Since that time that I returned into the Country, I call the great God Judge of all things in heaven and earth to wittness, that I doe not know of any thing relateive to this Country wherein I have acted unjustly, corruptly, or negligently in distributeing equall Justice to all men, and takeing all possible care to preserve their proprietys, and defend the from their barbarous enimies.
But for all this, perhapps I have erred in things I know not of, if I have I am soe conscious of humane frailty, and my owne defects, that I will not onely acknowledge them, but repent of, and amend them, and not like the Rebell Bacon persist in an error, onely because I have comitted itt, and tells me in diverse of his Letters that itt is not for his honnor to confess a fault, but I am of opinion that itt is onely for divells to be incorrigable, and men of principles like the worst of divells, and these he hath, if truth be reported to me, of diverse of his ex pressions of Atheisme, tending to take away all Religion and Laws.
And now I will state the Question betwixt me as a Governor and Mr. Bacon, and say that if any enimies should invade England, any Councellor Justice of peace or other inferiour officer, might raise what forces they could to protect his Majesties subjects, But I say againe, if after the Kings knowledge of this invasion, any the greatest peere of England, should raise forces against the kings prohibition this would be now, and ever was in all ages and Nations accompted treason. Nay I will goe further, that though this peere was truly zealous for the preservation of his King, and subjects, and had better and greater abillitys then all the rest of his fellow subjects, doe his King and Country service, yett if the King (though by false information) should suspect the contrary, itt were treason in this Noble peere to proceed after the King's prohibition, and for the truth of this I appeale to all the laws of England, and the Laws and constitutions of all other Nations in the world, And yett further itt is declaired by this Parliament that the takeing up Armes for the King and Parliament is treason, for the event shewed that what ever the pretence was to seduce ignorant and well affected people, yett the end was ruinous both to King and people, as this will be if not prevented, I doe therefore againe declair that Bacon proceedeing against all Laws of all Nations modern and ancient, is Rebell to his sacred Majesty and this Country, nor will I insist upon the sweareing of men to live and dye togeather, which is treason by the very words of the Law.
Now my friends I have lived 34 yeares amongst you, as uncorrupt and dilligent as ever Governor was, Bacon is a man of two yeares amongst you, his person and qualities unknowne to most of you, and to all men else, by any vertuous action that ever I heard of, And that very action which he boasts of, was sickly and fooleishly, and as I am informed treacherously carried to the dishonnor of the English Nation, yett in itt, he lost more men then I did in three yeares Warr, and by the grace of God will putt myselfe to the same daingers and troubles againe when I have brought Bacon to acknowledge the Laws are above him, and I doubt not but by God's assistance to have better success then Bacon hath had, the reason of my hopes are, that I will take Councell of wiser men then my selfe, but Mr. Bacon hath none about him, but the lowest of the people.
Yett I must further enlarge, that I cannot without your helpe, doe any thinge in this but dye in defence of my King, his laws, and subjects, which I will cheerefully doe, though alone I doe itt, and considering my poore fortunes, I can not leave my poore Wife and friends a better legacy then by dyeing for my King and you: for his sacred Majesty will easeily distinguish betweene Mr. Bacons actions and myne, and Kinges have long Armes, either to reward or punish.
Now after all this, if Mr. Bacon can shew one precedens or example where such actings in any Nation what ever, was approved of, I will mediate with the King and you for a pardon, and excuce for him, but I can shew him an hundred examples where brave and great men have beene putt to death for gaineing Victorys against the Comand of their Superiors.
Lastly my most assured friends I would have preserved those Indians that I knew were howerly att our mercy, to have beene our spyes and intelligence, to finde out our bloody enimies, but as soone as I had the least intelligence that they alsoe were trecherous enimies, I gave out Commissions to distrOy them all as the Commissions themselves will speake itt.
To conclude, I have don what was possible both to friend and enimy, have granted Mr. BacOn three pardons, which he hath scornefully rejected, suppoaseing himselfe stronger to subvert then I and you to maineteyne the Laws, by which onely and Gods assisting grace and mercy, all men mwt hope for peace and safety. I will add noe more though much more is still remaineing to Justifie me and condemne Mr. Bacon, but to desier that this declaration may be read in every County Court in the Country, and that a Court be presently called to doe itt, before the Assembly meet, That your approbation or dissattisfaction of this declaration may be knowne to all the Country, and the Kings Councell to whose most revered Judgments itt is submitted, Given the xxixth day of May, a happy day in the xxv"ith yeare of his most sacred Majesties Reigne, Charles the second, who God grant long and prosperously to Reigne, and lett all his good subjects say Amen.
See Force, Peter, comp. Tracts and Other Papers Relating Principally to the Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in North America, from the Discovery of the Country to the Year 1776. 1836-1846. Washington: Printed by P. Force, from the original manuscript in the "Richmond, Virginia, Enquirer" 12 Sept. 1804.
Canadian Frontier in 19C - by Dutch-born Cornelius Krieghoff 1815-1872
Cornelius Krieghoff (Dutch-born Canadian painter, 1815-1872) At the Blacksmith's Shop 1871
Cornelius Krieghoff 1815-1872 was born in Amsterdam, spent his formative years in Bavaria, & studied in Rotterdam & Dusseldorf. He traveled to the United States in the 1830s, where he served in the Army for a few years. He married a young woman from Quebec & moved to the Montreal area, where he painted genre paintings of the people & countryside of Canada. According to Charles C. Hill, Curator of Canadian Art at the National Gallery, "Krieghoff was the first Canadian artist to interpret in oils... the splendour of our waterfalls, & the hardships & daily life of people living on the edge of new frontiers" Krieghoff moved to Quebec from 1854-1863, before he came to Chicago to live with his daughter.
Martha Washington's Grandson's Biracial Family
Edward Savage (American artist, 1761-1817) The Washington Family
George Washington's Biracial Family Is Getting New Recognition
By Danny Lewis for Smithsonian.com September 22, 2016
"The Founding Fathers may have declared that all men were created equal, but when it came to slaves, they sang a different tune. Many of these men, including George Washington, owned hundreds of slaves on their farms and plantations. Now, the National Park Service is acknowledging centuries-old rumors that Washington's adopted son fathered children with slaves, making the family biracial to its roots.
"Washington never fathered any biological children, but before marrying the future first president, Martha Washington had been previously married and she had children and grandchildren—one of whom became orphaned just a few years into the American Revolution. Named George Washington Parke Custis, or "Wash" for short, the infant was taken in by his grandmother and Washington formally adopted him as his son, Matthew Barakat reports for the Associated Press.
"There is no more pushing this history to the side," Matthew Penrod, a National Park Service ranger and programs manager at the Arlington House estate, which belonged to the Washingtons, tells Barakat. Parke Custis had a complicated family tree. Not only did he father children with several of Washington's slaves, but his own son-in-law was Robert E. Lee, Sarah Pruitt reports for History.com. In fact, Lee once lived at Arlington House after it was given to him by Parke Custis, who built it as a kind of shrine to Washington. For years, tour guides at the site were instructed to gloss over this aspect of life at Arlington House. However, the site's administrators recently decided that it was time to be up front about this part of Washington's legacy. "We fully recognize that the first family of this country was much more than what it appeared on the surface," Penrod tells Barakat.
"Though they may have been ignored by the history books, many descendants of Parke Custis' illegitimate children are around today. For them, their heritage was no secret. "My aunt told me that if the truth of our family was known, it would topple the first families of Virginia," ZSun-nee Miller-Matema tells Barakat. After careful research, Miller Matema found that she was a descendant of Caroline Branham, one of Washington's slaves and the mother of one of Parke Custis' children. While it would take a DNA test to prove that Miller-Matema and her fellow Washington descendants are related to his white descendants, there is plenty of circumstantial evidence to suggest that Parke Custis had an unusually close relationship with Branham and her daughter.
"The Arlington House, for its part, has unveiled a new family tree this summer, which now lists Parke Custis and Carter as the parents to a daughter, Maria Carter. The estate will explore the descendants of Parke Custis in greater detail in "Lives Bound Together," an exhibition opening later this year."
Women in Small Boats by Frederick Frieseke 1874-1939
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) Through the Vines 1908
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) Before The Bath 1909
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) Lady with Parasol
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) - On the River
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) On The Epte
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) On The River 1910
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) At the River
Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) Under the Willows
1908 Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939) Grey Day on the River
Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939) The Bridge, Giverny
Madonnas attributed to Lorenzo di Credi c 1459-1537
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Adoration of the Child
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Adoration by the Shepherds
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) The Virgin and Child c 1480-5
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Adoration
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Madonna Dreyfus
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Virgin and Child with Saints Julian & St Nicholas
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Madonna and Child and John the Baptist
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) Virgin and Child
Lorenzo di Credi (Italian artist, c 1459-1537) The Holy Family
In this blog, I try to begin each day with a painting of the Madonna & Child. It centers me; connects me to the past; & encourages me to post some of the religious paintings which were a large part of the core of early Western art. In the 4C, as the Christian population was rapidly growing & was now supported by the state, Christian art evolved & became grander to suit new, enlarged public spaces & the changing contemporary tastes of elite private clients.
Friday, September 23, 2016
Sexual Politics-Mohawk-Style 1754
From Europe to the Atlantic coast of America & on to the Pacific coast during the 17C-19C, settlers moved West encountering a variety of Indigenous Peoples who had lived on the land for centuries.
The British colonial government convened a conference in Albany, New York, in the summer of 1754. French troops had occupied the Ohio valley; while the Indians in New York had declared the Covenant chain alliance broken.
Hendrick Theyanoguin (c. 1691-1755), whose name had several spelling variations, was an important speaker for the Mohawk Council. Hendrick, a Mohawk leader among the Iroquois Confederation, wanted to renew the alliance between the Iroquois & the colonists. But in his speech at the meeting, he called the British weak. Soon the Seven Year's War would involve the French, the British colonists, & the Native Americans in a war that would also be called The French & Indian War.
"The Brave old Hendrick the great sachem or chief of the Mohawk Indians", a hand-tinted engraving of Mohawk leader Hendrick Theyanoguin, published in London in 1755, based on an earlier lost portrait. According to historian Eric Hinderaker, artist William Williams painted a portrait of Hendrick in 1755 in Philadelphia.
Mohawk Hendrick:
"Then Hendrick, brother to the said Abraham, and a Sachem of the same castle, rose up and spake in behalf of the Six Nations: "Brethren, This is the ancient place of treaty where the fire of friendship always used to burn, and it is now three years since we have been called to any public treaty here; 'tis true, there are commissioners here, but they have never invited us to smoke with them (by which they mean, the commissioners had never invited them to any conference), but the Indians of Canada came frequently and smoked with them, which is for the sake of their beaver, but we hate them (meaning the French Indians)
"We have not as yet confirmed the peace with them: 'tis your fault, brethren, we are not strengthened by conquest, for we should have gone and taken Crown Point, but you hindered us: We had concluded to go and take it; but we were told it was too late, and that the ice would not bear us. Instead of this you burnt your own fort at Saraghtogee and run away from it; which was shame and a scandal to you. Look about your country, and see you have no fortifications about you, no not even to this city. 'Tis but one step from Canada hither, and the French may easily come and turn you out of doors.
"Brethren, You desired us to speak from the bottom of our hearts, and we shall do it. Look about you, and see all these houses full of beaver, and money is all gone to Canada; likewise your powder, lead, and guns, which the French make use of at the Ohio.
"Brethren, You were desirous we should open our minds and our hearts to you; look at the French, they are men; they are fortifying every where; but we are ashamed to say it; you are like women, bare and open, without any fortifications."
Source: Jeptha Root Simms, History of Schoharie County, and the Border Wars of New York. Albany: Munsell & Tanner, 1845.
Indigenous American Women by Alfred Jacob Miller (1810-1874) - Young Woman of the Flat Head Tribe
Alfred Jacob Miller (American artist, 1810-1874) A Young Woman of the Flat Head Tribe
A Young Woman of the Flat Head Tribe
In July of 1858, Baltimore art collector William T. Walters commissioned 200 watercolors at $12 apiece from Baltimore-born artist Alfred Jacob Miller. These paintings were each accompanied by a descriptive text written by the artist, & were delivered in installments over the next 21 months & ultimately bound in 3 albums. These albums included the field-sketches drawn during Miller's 1837 expedition to the annual fur-trader's rendezvous in the Green River Valley (now western Wyoming). These watercolors offer a unique record of the the lives of those involved in the closing years of the western fur trade & a look at the artist's opinions of both women & Native Americans.
One of the social highlights of the rendezvous occurred when this young woman ("quite a belle," Miller thought) ran off with a "stalwart Canadian trapper." Not knowing that the trapper had already begun paying court to the girl, one of Miller's friends, a young man from St. Louis named Phillipson, decided that she would be his. His presents and attentions were "kindly received," Miller noted, encouraging the young man. Phillipson felt embarrassed before the whole camp when the "simple Indian girl," realizing that her future was with the trapper, stole off quietly. Phillipson initially was "crest-fallen and melancholy," Miller recorded, but later regained his serenity. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland.
American Women in Small Boats
Winslow Homer (1836-1910) A Girl in a Punt
Louis Lang (American artist, 1814–1893) Reminiscenes of Lake Mahopac New York Ladies Preparing for a Boat Race
Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) Towing the Boat
Guy Orlando Rose (American painter, 1867-1925) On River's Edge 1910
William H Lippencott (American artist, 1849-1920)
Karl Albert Buehr (German-born American artist, 1866–1952) Young Girl in a Boat
Francis Coates Jones (American artist, 1857-1932) Women in a Rowboat
Colin Campbell Cooper (American artist, 1856-1937) Summer 1918
Frederick Childe Hassam (American artist, 1859-1935) The White Dory 1895
Alfred Thompson Bricher (American painter, 1837-1908) ) The Artist's Wife in a Boat 1881 detail
Theodore Robinson (American artist, 1852-1896) Miss Motes and her Dog Shep, 1893
Alfred Thompson Bricher (American painter, 1837-1908) Drifting 1886
Charles Courtney Curran (Amercian artist, 1861-1942) Lotus Lilies
Carl Bohnen (American artist, 1871–1951) Woman in a Rowboat
Jerome B. Thompson (American genre painter, 1814-1886) On the River 1867
Madonnas attributed to Bernardino Luini, Italian High Renaissance Painter, c 1480-1532
Bernardino Luini (Northern Italian painter, c 1480-2-1532)The Madonna of the Carnation
Bernardino Luini (Northern Italian painter, c 1480-2-1532) Madonna Nursing 1520s
Bernardino Luini (Italian High Renaissance Painter, c 1480-1532) Madonna and Child
Bernardino Luini (c 1480-1532) The Virgin Carrying The Sleeping Child With Three Angels
Bernardino Luini (Northern Italian painter, c 1480-2-1532) The Holy Family
In this blog, I try to begin each day with a painting of the Madonna & Child. It centers me; connects me to the past; & encourages me to post some of the religious paintings which were a large part of the core of early Western art. In the 4C, as the Christian population was rapidly growing & was now supported by the state, Christian art evolved & became grander to suit new, enlarged public spaces & the changing contemporary tastes of elite private clients.
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[Verse 1: Hardo]
Got 'em running in the hood like I bought a new engine
What these niggas try to save I'll spend in a minute
All this money in the way, niggas ain't in my vision
I was really on that block, I came up from nothin'
Putting everything in it, it was all or nothin'
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Track 3 of Stolen Youth. It's produced by Larry Fisherman of course and features Hardo and Mac Miller.


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Chinonso Obokoh may only be a three-star center prospect, but that hasn't stopped coaches from across the country from recruiting him hard. He added some offers recently, outlined the time frame for his decision, and discussed which schools are showing him the most interest.
It's been a busy summer for all high school basketball prospects. The many different AAU events seem to create an endless summer of nonstop basketball. That is certainly the case for Obokoh.
"We just got done from the Hoop Group," he explained. "After the Hoop Group on Friday, we just got done with a tournament at the Hall of Fame in Springfield. I think my team did OK. Some little stuff we didn't do well but everything went great.
"We lost the championship game, but I made it to the all-star so it went great."
From the Rochester (N.Y.) Bishop Kearny prospect's showing at these different events, his recruitment has picked up. He says he already has a Syracuse offer, and added some new ones recently.
"It's been going good. I received some new offers from Seton Hall, USC, and Oklahoma recently," Obokoh said. "They offered me about three weeks ago. I was happy and grateful for the offer. I just want to keep working hard and keep doing what I'm doing.
Nearby Syracuse remains in constant communication with the Bishop Kearney High product.
"(Assistant Coach Mike) Hopkins called from Vegas three days ago, and he was on campus a week ago," Obokoh detailed. "He was just telling me to shoot more in the game. He liked the type of player I am and how I can shoot the ball."
Obokoh also visits Syracuse on a regular basis.
"Yeah I visited a couple days before the Hoop Group," he noted. "Hopkins took me around the school and the campus. (Head Coach Jim) Boeheim too. It was great. They are great guys."
"I liked everything about it," he continued. "Hopkins showed me around everything. He showed me the Dome, everything about the school. I met with the trainers, the academic advisors, and everybody.
The Melo Center (Basketball facility) is great. I think they have the best training gym. Every other school is trying to take the stuff from that gym and do their own. So it's great."
Despite the constant communication with Syracuse, the 6-foot-9, 205-pounder insists he is still wide open.
"I don't have any favorites right now," the three-star center said. "I want to keep looking at things during the summer. After the summer, I will do my own list and cut it down to a top-15.
"I think my decision is going to be in the fall before the basketball season starts so I can concentrate on going to school and playing basketball."
Obokoh says that Syracuse is among the schools coming at him the hardest. He also said the other schools that have offered are in constant communication as well. In order to help trim his list and make his decision, he wants to take some more visits before the summer is over. "I'm still planning things out right now, but after a little bit after this tournament coming up in Orlando, I can take visits to other schools," he said. "It'll depend on the schedule, but the east coast and schools around this region. Like Syracuse, Villanova, Providence, Temple, Boston, schools around here.
Obokoh continued," Syracuse is the school I've been to the most. I went to the camp the last three years. I've been going to Syracuse anytime that I can go. I go to the little camp and just play with the guys there. I know they are close to me and I can go there anytime I want."


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Treble At Newton Abbot For Hill And Haddon
Littlehempston trainer Martin Hill and jockey Hadden Frost had an afternoon to remember at Newton Abbot on Sunday, landing three races, including the feature with the popular mare Detroit Red.
With the holiday season getting into full swing, there was a bumper crowd to cheer the nine runners on their way in the Class 3 Happy 18th Birthday Scott Butler Handicap Hurdle. Top weight was Street Entertainer from the David Pipe stable, who had got the better of Ittirad at Fontwell Park last time out.
But, the runner-up had gone on to win easily at the last meeting and punters made him the 2-1 favourite to follow up and take the near £8,000 first prize.
Both were ridden close to the early pace set by bottom-weight Party Palace, but they had no answer to the finishing kick of Detroit Red, who bounced back to form after finding life tough since scoring here in May, putting up a career best performance to win at 10-1.
Hill and Frost went on to make it a double in the following Happy 50th Birthday Cath King Novices' Chase with Tzora, who had run promisingly when finishing third to the useful Laudatory over hurdles last month.
Hallings Comet had unseated rider Aidan Coleman at the first fence on his last visit to the course, but had jumped well in the main to beat One Lucky Lady at Worcester previously. Coleman set out to make all the running, but Hallings Comet was being challenged by Tzora when making a mistake at the second-last fence and had no more to give as the winner ran on strongly to score impressively.
Boru's Brook had run with promise to finish second on his debut in a big field at Punchestown to suggest that he could take the concluding At The Races Virgin 534 Maiden Open National Hunt Flat Race.
s Brook looked to be in command, but Watcombe Heights came with a storming run in the straight to win going away and complete the Hill/Frost treble.
Black Cow was a red-hot favourite to take the opening Packexe 25th Anniversary Maiden Hurdle and jockey Sam Twiston-Davies sent him clear going out on the second circuit.
But, former Irish point-to-point winner One More Tune was making steady headway under Nick Scholfield and they passed the leader going to the last flight to win comfortably.
Racing returns to Newton Abbot Racecourse on Wednesday 13th August with the first race at 14:10. Tickets are available now online at www.newtonabbotracing.com or by calling 01626 353 235.
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text: Music Post related to music. Dick and Jane Song of the Week: Pick You Back Up By News Intern • Aug 25, 2015 We were like family We were one in the same And we grew apart, grew apart Stuck at the crossroads, we couldn't agree We're torn apart, Torn Apart When times are rough, we don't give up, we find ways to keep moving. We are there for each other, until the end Like Sisters and brothers We'll make amends And through it all Yeah we're still friends We share, we love, we fall I'll pick you back up. WCBE Presents Mipso Live From Studio A Fri. Aug. 28, 2015 @ 11AM! By Mike Taylor • Aug 25, 2015 This North Carolina based act will be performing in Lakeside Ohio the evening of the 27th, and will pass through Central Ohio on the way to a gig in Lexington Kentucky the evening of the 28th. Their only performance in central Ohio this time around will be live from WCBE's studio A. Hear this exclusive live performance from Mipso, on 90.5 FM and HD WCBE Columbus, 106.3 FM Newark, online at wcbe.org, and now on Apple Music. WCBE Presents Mipso Live From Studio A Fri.Aug. 28, 2015 @ 11AM! By Mike Taylor • Aug 25, 2015 My Morning Jacket on World Cafe, Monday @ 8pm on WCBE By News Intern • Aug 24, 2015 Tonight, it's a rebroadcast of a session with members of My Morning Jacket. The One Real Problem With Rolling Stone's 'Greatest Songwriters Of All Time' By Tom Moon • Aug 24, 2015 Lots of magazines do big lists, but few rely on them as heavily as Rolling Stone does. The magazine cranks out a list for just about every aspect of popular music. All promise authoritative, canonical overviews of various elements of the art; at their best, these offer context and critical insight, helping readers fill gaps in their knowledge. Why Is 'Billboard' Asking Industry Execs If They Believe Kesha? By Anastasia Tsioulcas • Aug 23, 2015 Billboard magazine used to be known as "the bible of the music business," a trade publication trusted for its straightforward analysis of industry trends. But an anonymous questionnaire that leaked online last Thursday has some readers questioning Billboard's journalistic skills and integrity. All Songs +1: Kathleen Hanna And The Return Of Bikini Kill By Katie Presley • Aug 21, 2015 Bikini Kill, the feminist punk band at the forefront of the '90s riot grrrl movement, are about to reissue something few people have heard. The group's very first demo, Revolution Girl Style Now, is coming out not only in its original cassette format, but also on CD, vinyl, and digital formats. Live From Studio A REPLAY: Lake Street Dive By Music Intern • Aug 20, 2015 Lake Street Dive performed live from Studio A on March 5th, 2014! Check out the amazing performance again! Do you like what you hear? Let us know what you think about our online Live from Studio A REPLAY series! Live From Studio A REPLAY: Shakey Graves By Music Intern • Aug 20, 2015 Shakey Graves performed live from Studio A on June 23rd, 2014! Check out the amazing performance once again! Do you like what you hear? Let us know what you think about our online Live from Studio A REPLAY series! Live From Studio A REPLAY: The Avett Brothers By Music Intern • Aug 20, 2015 http://www.theavettbrothers.com/ The Avett Brothers performed live from Studio A January 26, 2006! Check out the amazing performance once again! Do you like what you hear? Let us know what you think about our online Live from Studio A REPLAY series! WCBE Presents The Shazzbots Live From Studio A Thurs. Aug. 20, 2015 @ 2PM! By Maggie Brennan • Aug 18, 2015 Tune in and hear all about the long awaited premier of The Shazzbots brand new TV show that will take place on Saturday, August 22nd at the Gateway Film Center! Tune in for a live local performance and conversation on We're The Shazzbots from none other than The Shazzbots! It's all waiting for you on 90.5FM Columbus, 106.3FM Newark and on line at www.wcbe.org! LISTEN HERE! Calexico on World Cafe, Tuesday @ 8pm on WCBE By News Intern • Aug 18, 2015 Their new album is "Edge Of The Sun." Dick and Jane Song of the Week: We All Wish By News Intern • Aug 18, 2015 released 17 May 2015 WCBE Presents Yosemight Live From Studio A Wed. Aug. 19, 2015 @ 2PM! By Maggie Brennan • Aug 15, 2015 The progressive funk rock band Yosemight will play a few songs during the Global Village in advance of the next installment of the FREE SweetWater Summertime Music Series at Park Street Patio Review: Nathaniel Rateliff, 'Nathaniel Rateliff & The Night Sweats' By editor • Aug 13, 2015 Anyone who caught the national television debut of Nathaniel Rateliff & The Night Sweats on The Tonight Show recently witnessed something special: the arrival of a force of nature. The song was titled "S.O.B." Rateliff, backed by his gritty band — which comes complete with an organist and a horn section — veered from whispery pleas to ecclesiastical howls. The Weather Station on World Cafe, Wednesday @ 8pm on WCBE By News Intern • Aug 12, 2015 The band's Tamara Lindeman discusses their US debut with David Dye tonight. WCBE Presents Bobby Long Live From Studio A Thurs. Aug. 13, 2015 @ 2PM! By Maggie Brennan • Aug 11, 2015 British singer-songwriter Bobby Long will play a few songs during the Global Village in advance of his show that night at Natalie's Coal Fired Pizza and Live Music! Music Journalist Chronicles The 'Wild Obsessive Hunt' For Rare 78 RPM Records By editor • Aug 11, 2015 With almost all the music you'd ever want to listen to available online digitally, the obsessive hunt for scratchy, fragile 78 RPM records may seem anachronistic. But author Amanda Petrusich says that those early records, which hold between two and three minutes of music per side, showcase the sound and spontaneity of a time before second takes were common in record studios. Dick and Jane Song of the Week: Stuck in Time By News Intern • Aug 11, 2015 We're living in a dream But you gotta Stop your pretending It'll last Maybe if we freeze All time Maybe if we believe Then we could go back And on we'd live Stuck in time Life's moving But it's not the same We're stuck in We're stuck in We're stuck in Stuck in time Don't spend all your days In a bubble Pretending away The rest of your life Cause life is just a game and you gotta Roll the dice to play Or stay glued to the past First Listen: Grace Potter, 'Midnight' By Ann Powers • Aug 10, 2015 This story has been set to unpublished due to the NPR API updating this story earlier and now the NPR API is unavailable. 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Hotel Hassler
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Historical Traveler Reviews Hotel Hassler Rome
Fab location but not so fab restaurant
My husband and I stayed at the Hassler hotel back in September 2002, which was a surprise trip and resulted in him proposing at the top of the spanish steps to me.
I had visited Rome on numerous occasions and had always seen the 'Hassler', although never visited so it was a lovely surprise. Our room was small but perfectly located with a view over the Spanish Steps and comfortable. The outside bar area was comfortable and relaxed, and the barman made fantastic 'bellini's'. The restaurant at the top of the hotel had wonderful views all across Rome, although the food left a lot to be desired. Being veggie, most of my meals consisted of raw vegetables and dressing, that was it. Even my husband wasn't too impressed with his meat courses!! so very disappointing in that respect. That said, the breakfast was well worth getting out of bed for, lots of choice and again, great views.
Location wise, this hotel is perfect, although not the cheapest in the area. I would eat in one of the many nearby restaurants and give the restaurant a miss of an evening but make sure you make breakfast.
Sophisticated elegance
My wife and I are seasoned travelers. We have stayed at many of the finest hotels in the world. I must say the Hassler for service, views, restaurant, concierge and well appointed room was one of the best stays we have had. We were celebrating my wife's birthday. The hotel provided us a beautiful cake in the room and a personal best wishes from the hotel owner.
The Private drivers offered through the concierge were kind and well versed on the cities sights and history. From the the wait staff at the lounge to the waiters at their famous roof top restaurant, everyone was engaging, friendly and eagar to help with any questions or concerns. I have only wonderful things to say about the Hassler. I would say it's right up there with the rest of the best and if I find myself in Rome again, I will always stay at the Hassler.
Beautiful rooms but not for us.
We had 3 days in Rome staying at the Hassler. Great position at the top of the Spanish Steps. It was our honeymoon and we were upgraded to a suite on arrival which was amazing. The reception staff were very polite and the concierge very helpful however it was August and the hotel seemed very quiet. There was no champagne bar open on the roof however we were told we could ring room service and they would bring us a drink up there. The bar downstairs was completely empty with 3 staff on however we couldnt get a drink there either because my husband had sandals on with his trousers!!!!Gucci or not! We stayed at some beautiful hotels..Cipriani, Le Sirenuse etc however I think if you are under the age of 65 I would choose a different Rome hotel.
Best hotel in Rome for food, views and staff
We stayed in the adjacent international wine academy, to suites run and covered by the Hassler hotel. The rooms were superb, the staff the best we have come across anywhere!
The roof top resturant is, although sl pricey for the food a must for the view across the whole of Rome, the night-time view is breath-taking (remember to take a jacket though!)
Would thoroughly recommend this hotel for 5 star luxury
Four Excellent Days in Rome
We stayed at the Hassler in June with our four daughters. Our room was very elegant with beautiful moldings and a fantastic bathroom. It was also spacious. We didn't have a view and didn't care. The girls had a couple rooms in the front of the hotel which were also beautiful and allowed them to people watch at the Spanish Steps. Great location, great service and a very romantic restaurant with outstanding food and a heart stopping view.
Worthy of every star and then some...
The best of the best. Great room, excellent service, magnificent food.
Not one complaint. Truly one of the greatest hotels of the world.
The Hassler's a Hassle
I agree it's over-priced, but a great location. We stayed there twice.
Both times we asked for a city view when we booked and were told all rooms were run-of-house. When we arrived, we were initially given a non-view room; but one with a glorious view miraculously appeared when I really complained! I don't think it's fair to treat people that way when they've traveled so far and paid so much for something special. We will not be staying there again.
Save your money!
It is not a bad hotel but terrible value. Other than the location immediately above the Spanish Steps and the amazing view from the restaurant, this is a three start hotel with six star prices.
If you do decide to go here get a room with a view of the Spanish steps, even some of the cheaper (if you can call 400 Euro cheap...) ones actually come with a tiny balcony which gives you a beautiful angled view on the steps. The rooms and bathrooms are tiny and really not special at all.
Staff lives of their reputation but the restaurant really has an unbelievable view over the city.
Great hotels in Rome are much harder to find than in London, Paris, etc. so my next try will be the Hotel de Russie.
Worse than a cheap Motel 6
Our suite was less than nice. The only decent things were the concierge and the Spanish Steps. Never again. Very over rated.
Hotel of the Stars
I have never stayed in this hotel (only visited), but I know about it a lot as i spent nearly 5 years working nearby Hassler. It might be not clear for many from a simple review, but Hassler is considered by many being the best hotel in Rome. In fact, Hassler is where all these Hollywood and pop stars stay when they some to Rome to present their new movies. I am talking about people like Madonna, Richard Geer, Woody Allen, Mariah Carey (oh boy, I even had the chance to talk to her once) and many more. There is somebody famous almost every week. This is firstly because of its location - 15 meters from Piazza di Spagna (yes, right there - on top of it), then also because it is connected to the Villa Medici with all its sport centers, pool, tennis courts and gardens (always right there - above Spagna) and finaly becase the view from the restorant on the top floor is really amazing - you see the whole Rome (just check that sunset out).Again, I am not sure how good their luxury rooms and suites are compared to other 5 stars hotels, but Hassler definitely is known to be one of the most luxury hotels of Rome.-maxim
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel Hassler Rome
Travel Blogs from Rome
Shopping day
The hotel has advised us the airport is operating as normal as from today, however we thought we should check so this morning we tried to phone Emirates to check however they were still closed. We walked to the Pantheon -what an amazing building. Unbelievable that it was built around two thousand years ago. We then had breakfast at a cafe. ...
Day Thirty Seven - Rome
... is brilliant and we looked through the Keyhole. Sounds a bit like a dirty old man, but it's all decent.you look through this keyhole on a gate and you can see through this beautiful arched garden, through to the dome at the Vatican. The garden is Maltese property so you are seeing three countries at once. We saw shitloads of good stuff and would recommend the Segway tours as a good way of sightseeing. After the tour we had a bit of lunch and apart from the ...
Temples of Paestum and journey to Rome.
... one which we knew was a different ticket type, more expensive. We decided to wait until 14.38 to get the train with the same ticket type.
We walked to the sea front and along the Christmas market stalls. A few were offering people tasters but not many. Then wandered back along the waterfront which has been done up recently. On blocks of concrete, to protect the harbour, were penguin statues. We weren't sure if they were for Christmas or always there. ...
Rome - Day 2
... nice restaurant for dinner. Next to us were two Australian ladies who we ended up chatting to the whole meal, they even gave us a little lucky charm to keep with us. Once we said our good byes we continued our sightseeing, visiting the Pantheon 'Temple of the Gods' built in 118 AD. Our last stop before we retired back to Skippy was the Piazza Navona a beautiful area with fountains and sculptures surrounded by cafe's. ...
When in Rome
... up outside that seemed to go on for miles of people waiting to buy their tickets and even tour groups to get in, so we were really happy we spent the extra $$ for a "skip the line" tour! We made our way through the vatican museum to the Sistine Chapel. It was really neat seeing Michelangelo's famous paintings on the ceiling in person (that took him 9 years to complete). After that we headed into St. Peter's Basilica. It is huge! Way bigger than any of the other churches we had ...


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Magnetic Field Sensors Market by Type , Technology, Applications and Geography - Forecasts & Analysis to 2013 - 2020
|英文 195 Pages
|世界の磁場センサー市場の分析・予測:タイプ・技術・用途・地域別 Magnetic Field Sensors Market by Type , Technology, Applications and Geography - Forecasts & Analysis to 2013 - 2020
|出版日: 2014年09月01日
|ページ情報: 英文 195 Pages
※ このページに掲載されている内容は最新版と異なる場合があります。詳細はお問い合わせください。
The magnetic field sensors market is has gained traction recently due to a lot of factors such as increasing vehicle production, increasing demand in gaming consoles, increasing popularity of electronic compass, and continuous demand from computer and computing peripherals. All these factors are acting as the drivers for the magnetic sensor market, as they are fuelling the demand of magnetic field sensors. These magnetic field sensors are increasingly being used in the measurement of many parameters such as position, proximity, motion, and heading, among others. Magnetic field sensors are widely used in the applications such as consumer electronics, automotive, industrial, and aerospace & defense, and medical & healthcare devices. The advancement of magnetic field sensors and growth in the hybrid and electric vehicles are the future opportunities for the magnetic sensors.
Automotive sector has emerged as the market leader for the global magnetic field sensors market, accounting for more than 40% of the magnetic field sensor market share. Increasing demand to integrate more safety functions in automobiles has created opportunities for the magnetic field sensors, so as to be used in various safety applications such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems, steering angle sensing, force and torque sensing, and Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS), among others. Electronic compasses or E-compasses are becoming popular these days primarily due to their ability to enhance the user navigation experience in consumer electronic devices. The must-have 'navigation' feature in every handheld device is responsible for the high growth rate of the magnetic sensors in the consumer electronics market.
Besides, other emerging technologies such as gesture recognition and controls used in the smart phones and gaming consoles are expected to contribute toward the growth of the magnetic field sensors market. In the report, magnetic field sensors market is divided into four segments, namely type, technology, applications, and geography. The magnetic field sensors classified by type include 'hall effect' sensors, magneto resistive sensors, and SQUID, among others; while the magnetic field sensor technology is divided further into low field, earth field, and bias magnetic field sensors. The applications wherein the magnetic sensors are used include the automotive, consumer electronics, industrial & infrastructure, medical, and aerospace and defense sectors. Meanwhile, the global magnetic sensor market is segmented on the basis of the various geographical regions namely: North America, Europe, APAC, and ROW.
The Hall Effect sensors dominate the market currently, with more than 70% of the market share, while the newer magnetic sensors such as TMR and SQUID sensors are gradually gaining visibility. The main suppliers of the Hall Effect sensors are Allegro MicroSystems Inc. (U.S.), Micronas Semiconductor (Switzerland), Melexis Microelectronic Systems (Belgium), Austria microsystems AG (Germany), and AKM (Japan). The major vendors of AMR sensors are NXP (The Netherlands) and Honeywell (U.S.), while the main suppliers of GMR sensors are NVE Corporation (U.S.) and Hitachi (Japan).
The total shipment for the magnetic field sensors in the year 2013 was recorded to be 6.5 billion units; the figure is expected to reach up to 9.6 billion units in 2020 at a CAGR of 6.75%. In value terms, this market stood at $1.8 billion in 2014 and is expected to reach up to $2.9 billion by year 2020, at 8.04% CAGR during the projected period.
The report also discusses the future of the global magnetic field sensor market with road-maps, discussing the upcoming technologies, markets and application segments with respect to the magnetic field sensors. The report covers impact analysis of the market dynamics on the factors that are currently driving and restraining the growth of the market, along with their impact in the short, medium, and long-term landscapes. The consumption of each type of magnetic field sensors in the overall sensor market in terms of their value as well as volume consumption for the next six years is also analyzed and presented. The report also contains qualitative data on the trends in the sensors in "xEV", along with insights about the global decreasing sales of the magnetic sensors in the smartphones market.
Significant upgradation and development of the new sensors for the magnetic sensor market have been the main strategies followed by the key players such as Allegro MicroSystems Inc. (U.S.), Infineon (Germany), Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (Japan), Austria microsystems AG (Germany), Honeywell International (U.S.), Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), MEMSIC, Inc. (U.S.), Melexis Microelectronic Systems (Belgium), Micronas Semiconductor (Switzerland), and NXP Semiconductors (The Netherlands). These developments and strategies are also included in the report.
*Details On Overview, Products And Services, Financials, Strategy & Development Might Not Be Captured In Case Of Unlisted Companies.


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they snub NJ governor Chris Christie who has a 74% popularity rating by not inviting him to CPAC but they got Sarah Palin, Rick Sanatorium and Mitt Rummy and Ted (I wanna be Joesph McCarthy) Cruz., NRA's madman Wayne (Give everyone an assault rifle) LaPierre, and Virginia's former Attorney General and now gubernatorial hopeful Ken Cuccinelli who says he's not going to get a SS card for his young son cus that 's how the govt tracks you down. This Party has gone nuts and is completely off the rails
The republicans are self destructing because their true idiology is finally being seen for what it is, extreme, moronic and heartless. They used to hide behind the hot button issues that played to people's anger and got them voted in. Now people are starting to realize that a vote for republicans is a vote against themselves. They really stand for nothing except ignorance, power and money. They will say whatever they have to if they think
it will get them elected - the party is void of any meaningful substance, only outdated idiology.
The republican party is infected with the "tea" virus.
Why is Obama resorting to scare tactics with the sequestration issue, instead of taking on a leadership role? I'll answer that....because he's not a leader. Instead of cutting spending to help the economy, he'd rather spend more money and make it worse.
Obama is shaping up to be one of the worst presidents ever. At this stage is the cycle, the US should have been enjoying a full recovery. Now we're probably in another recession. Your post supports this administration's populist and class warfare approach. When the first lady of the White house gives out the award for best picture, you know you have an administration that's completely off the rails (as you put it).
74% are being rolled like a handful of dice
played for the fools that they are


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Family films on videocassette, coupled with tie-in promotions with packaged goods suppliers for the classics, arguably have made Disney the fastest growing brand name in the supermarket in the last few years. Here's a rundown on the best-known titles released during the time Ann Daly has been president of Buena Vista Home Video: by VIDEO TITLE/RELEASE DATE, UNITS SOLD, PACKAGED GOODS PARTNER
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This item sold on August 21, 2009.
This is a apple wood dildo 8 3\/4 inches long. It has a head and an oval cross-shape for twisting fun. The tip is 3 1\/2 inches in circumference which increases to 4 1\/2. The throat after the head is 3 inches which gradually increases to 5 inches at the base.
This hardwood dildo has been hand carved out of apple wood. This piece comes at the intersection of the heart wood and outerlays so there is a strong color seperation of red and white on each have of the dildo.
It is finished with 5 incrementally finer grit sandpapers and at least 4 coats of salad bowl oil to achieve a smooth satiny finish. Then it is given a final buff with a piece of suede for an ultra smooth surface and a bright shine.
Since this is handmade each dildo I make is unique. The bold grains and the texture and color of the wood are fully visible, which combined with the variations in the carving process make a one of a kind elegant toy.
Salad bowl oil is FDA certified food safe; it seals the wood with a hard clear finish. The finish sells the wood's pores and makes them waterproof and smell proof. This dildo is fully compatible with oil and water based lubricants, just wipe clean when finished, or clean with mild soap and water, and wipe dry.
All the wood that I use is local (Ithaca, NY) hardwood that has been sustainable harvested.
I am happy to talk to you about making any specially tailored woodworking project, the wood I now have available is white oak, apple
Apple wood dildo 8 3\/4 inches long
- Materials: apple wood, salad bowl oil
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