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As Sweden gears up for the Royal Wedding between Crown Princess Victoria and douchey looking Daniel Westling, plenty of scandals surround the wedding.
First up, Daniel had a kidney transplant last year therefore his health is poor now. Supposedly. If he says he's ready for the wedding, so be it.
Next annoyance is that Swedes are feeling less inclined to pay for the wedding. While the Swedish media exclaimed, "all the hotels in Stockholm are booked!" the reality is different. I searched on Expedia and several top hotels are available during the wedding weekend. No shortage there. Festivities being paid for by the city and taxpayers is more than 10 million kronor (and the king putting in another 10 million).
And, the feminists are angry. And so is the archbishop performing the royal wedding ceremony.
He said,
"Giving away the bride is a fairly new phenomenon that occasionally happens in the Swedish Church…I generally advise against it, since our wedding ritual is so clear when it comes to the equality of husband and wife."
Because feminism in Sweden is strong, this is considered a serious lack of judgment on the Princess' part. Unlike American feminism where women quickly place a double standard, Swedish feminism sticks to its goals. The Crown Princess wants her father, King Carl XVI Gustaf to walk her down the aisle at the wedding ceremony. While this is common practice in the United States, in Sweden it is customary for the couple to walk down the aisle together.
Annika Borg, a priest and theologian, believes Hollywood's movie weddings influences Swedish brides to have the American way. She says, "It's unfortunate that Sweden's future head of state has chosen to follow a practice that is not Swedish tradition." That's because only 1 in 10 Swedish weddings "give the bride away" by the father.
Of course the view by the Royal Court is different.
"This has a bigger dimension. This isn't a father giving away his daughter to another man. The symbolism is that the king is leading the heir to the nation's throne to the altar — and to the man who has been accepted."
I understand the Hollywood sensationalized fairy tale weddings. There's no movie where bride's father didn't walk her down the aisle. And they are beautiful. If I had a western wedding, I want both my parents to walk me down the aisle or no one at all. Because both my parents participated in my upbringing, they both have the right to take part in this important tradition.
While some traditions last, others are subject to change. A dowry was traditional for thousands of years, but no longer common practice. And there's the obsession with dads and daughters. Forgetting the cute 'daddy's daughter' ideology, the real traditional wedding is about about cutting an expense, the daughter, for a price to the new owners (a dowry). That's why patriarchal power still exists with the man in such weddings, they "give away" the daughter. I prefer my parents to say "we give our daughter blessing to marry this man" than "we give our daughter to this man." See the difference in semantics?
Of course, Victoria should do what she wants but I find it strange to not follow Swedish traditions. I want to know why she came to such decision. The Royal Court's statement justifies a practice that is archaic and American.
Does it make sense for the King to lead the future Queen down the aisle and give her to the common man? Or maybe the issue is not about feminism but about traditions, should this still happen anyway?
I wonder if more Swedish brides will be "given away" after the royal wedding or will stick to Swedish traditions.
Ah – here's the issue I started on the other wedding post. Am ahead of the trend!
Latina girl
I don't know much about the swedish royalty or any other one. We do not have royals in my country, so I'm sorry for my lack of knowledge on the matter. But my personal opinion is that if that is what princess Victoria wants, good for her to stand up for what she wants. That's what makes a good princess or future queen. I applaude her for not being afraid to let others know that she WANTS her father to walk her down the aisle. Who knows. Maybe other swedish women deep inside want men to court them and all of that, but are afraid to say it outloud.
Of course Victoria can do what she wants. No one is talking about forbidding her to do so. You can actually be opposed to something while still being forgiving and allowing. So that's a straw man argument on your part I'm afraid Latina girl ;-)
No, I don't think that she should have her father walking her down the aisle. It's bad a judgement on her part.
Yes, she should have her wedding how she wants it, because it's just that, her wedding.
But I still think it's a bad judgment and a very poor decision. And since I'm lazy, I'll refer to my comment on Sapphire's previous blog post. So there :)
@ Latina Girl
I agree, but I guess because I'm American it's totally different ;) But for the most part, I feel that if Victoria does indeed want her father to walk her down the aisle then, why not? She has her own personal reasons, that may or may not be influenced by 'Hollywood movies'. Yes, they are glamourized a terrible lot, but still, who are we to judge?
It would be nice to know the real reason why Victoria wants her dad to walk her down the aisle. Prefer not to have the Royal Court filter irritate us all with politically correct answers. Though if the reason was Hollywood influenced, then a real slap is heading her way from the gender equal supporters in Sweden. And really, it's the Swedish Royal Wedding, not an American one.
Princess or not, she seems to be getting crap from every direction (but she is a national figure and has been trained her whole life to deal with this, but at the same time she was born into this and did not apply for this position…ya know?). I do think the whole sexist thing is just a bit silly, personally.
When I get married, I'll definitely have my dad walk me down the aisle, probably my mother too. Why? Because I love them, and it will mean a lot to both of them (and for the same reasons you said Sapphire) and to me. Do I see it as sexist? No. Do I understand the background history? Of course, but context change. If I don't view it as sexist, then to me it is not. You can give things power or take the power away. Her father footing half of the bill is also reference to a dowry. "traditional"(using this term loosely due to the wide variety of people that will read this, and I am referencing American/Anglo) weddings are paid for by the bride's family, as a modern representation of the dowry. Is this known by many? No, probably not, it's just 'tradition' now. (and it is more and more common for the groom's parents to pay for the reception/open bar too, in all fairness)
It all depends on context for me. If Victoria is going at this from a sexist point of view, then it is sexist. If she is looking at it from a non-sexist point of view, then I don't think it's fair to impart one's opinion onto her. Now in regards to maintaining Swedish tradition and her break from that…I don't know. To me, it's a different issue related to the same subject. She is stuck in a difficult place. If it really is *such* a huge deal, I'm sure the aisle is long enough to compromise. Her father can walk her down half way, and she and Daniel can walk down the other half together. It'll probably last 10 minutes anyways. :)
Latina girl
Sorry, when I said "wants" I wasn't talking about not being forbidden =). Of course it's implied that she can do whatever she wants. I was only saying that traditions are one thing, as well as peer pressure. But having the courage to make her wishes manifest even though most disagree speaks well of her in my opinion, which would make her a good feminist, sort of lol. But Sapphire is right when saying that we don't know Victoria's real reason.
Funny when you said you're lazy! =)
Regina here, for ExpatWomen.com.
I would like to personally invite you to list your blog on our Expat Women Blog Directory (www.expatwomen.com/expatblog/) so that other women can read about and learn from your expat experiences.
Many thanks in advance for your contribution and keep up your great blog!
This is a very hard situation for her.
She is under constant scrutiny and there will always be a group who will criticize her. Personally, it's her wedding (even though most of Sweden wants to think it's their wedding too), so she should do whatever makes her happy. It's her moment, and her special day. If she sees fit to head to Vegas and get married by Elvis on stage, more power too her.
The problem I find (and I see it in several places) is that Swedes have a double standard on a lot of issues. "Everyone is equal in Sweden." Oh really… I beg to differ. If everyone was/is equal, why are you judging/questioning her on how she walks down the asile? I don't think she'll be questioning your wedding how you walk down.
Personally, I think it would be awesome if she went down the asile while riding an elephant with a pride/fetish parade dancing to a dubstep remix of YMCA.
@Andrew – You're right, I didn't even think about it that way. We're all projecting our opinions onto her wedding. She should do what she wants, it's her wedding. And hopefully, it's her only wedding.
I think she should have a bunch of bhangra dancers follow behind the elephant. Skip the YMCA song!
I couldn't care less about the wedding, but I completely support Andrews idea with the elephant. I could almost imagine paying part of that kind of wedding.
@Sapphire – Bhangra dancers and drums on a float following her into the church while she rides an elephant. Give the media something GOOD to write about (and when they blast it, call them racists!)
Latina girl
Yes! that's more or less what I wanted to say, but couldn't word it. It's like if there were double standards in Sweden. If some of them are really so openminded and non-prejudiced, why are they criticizing her?
To be honest, who walks who down the aisle on a wedding is really unimportant in the long run, it doest even amount to a petty thing in the bigger picture. What feminists really should aim their focus on is. Equal pay for equal work, it is extremly rare for a woman to earn the same salary that a male with the exact same job description would earn.
We also have rapes and sexual harassments, and in some countries they even perform sexual mutilation on women. Compared to all these, any feminist who would rage against some simple wedding procedures should be ashamed when there still is so much oppression against women in far worse ways in this world.
@Latina girl – It goes further than that. It just scratches the surface. I wish I studied more sociology in university, it would fun to do some research into Swedish society and the double standards that exist (or believed to exist).
@Björn – You hit it on the head sir. I couldn't agree more.
At least she is getting married and isn't suffering from loverat-itis like her poor sister. Anyway the wedding isn't the important thing really (it's just one day) the marriage is the thing.
@Bjorn – again sir you're right – hats off to you.
@Princess – I have a solution for Princess Madeleine. I'm gonna dress up and present myself to her at her sister's wedding as a gift from the Canadian people to appease her and her love life. If that doesn't work, I knock back a 12 pack of beer and get a sign that says "Marry me Princess Yummyboobs!" It's a flawless plan! Bulletproof to be exact.
@ Andrew
Our fair princess Madeleine is in a very delicate situation. She has a boyfriend who she would marry but it turns out that he had an affair with another woman. She can NEVER take him back because that would reflect badly on sweden. Even if she wanted to forgive him and take him back she never can.
She cant officaly meet another guy within a few years because that too would reflect badly on sweden. Her love life is extremly public and she has to chose carefully who to fall in love with. I really feel for that poor girl. Her chosen man is cheating on her, she must feel horrible and she cant even solve the situation as a normal couple would simply because she is a princess.
In my humble opinion I think that Princess M is much prettier then Princess V. Her ex is an idiot cos the handball floozy was booted (ugly). Men are such pillocks some time.
Poor M if situ is as Bjorn laid out then she's stuffed. Well can empathise with her on the making bad choices a la your male partner.
Their brother is bit of a cutie but also seems a wally. Though don't get me started on our Royal Family!
I'm American, and I've always felt disturbed by the traditional (and largely christian) weddings where the bride is given from the father to the husband. Perhaps it's because so few people actually stop and ponder where it came from and what it means: In a time when women had no rights, the daughter was the "property" of her father until she was transfered (for a payment even, as you mentioned) to her husband, aka her new master. I also dislike the theme of wearing white for virginity.
This is reflected lately in "purity balls" (again, almost exclusively christian) where fathers swear to protect and "cover" the virginity of their daughters until they are married, some girls as young as five and having no concept of sex and virginity. To me, that's like saying "you are not capable of making your own choices so a man needs to make them for you." And as far as I know, there's nothing similar for young boys. Rather, in very rare events, the boys instead promise not to have sex because they will be "ruining" someone's future bride!
I seem to have ranted, I digress. Unfortunately, to be a woman here and to make any negative comment or criticism of such christian-style weddings is to be called a feminazi (which I personally define as someone that just hates men or is a megalomaniac rather than someone that wants equality).
Out of curiosity, do Swedish brides take the name of their husband, or retain their own names, or is there some other system in place.
Wanted to point out quickly too, that one can be concerned for equal pay, genital mutilation, and archaic traditions all at the same time :)
The reason this touched nerve with me is from personal experience, in that everyone on my side of the family (and probably a few on his) will go absolutely apeshit when I break from the traditions :) And also the aforementioned purity balls related to the christian wedding traditions taking away the woman's sexual autonomy, especially when many are too young to even know what it means.
I have always been uncomfortable with the idea of my father walking me down the aisle to "give me away", as well as the tradition of the man asking the woman's father for permission to marry before proposing. I find it condescending and cheesy, but it is the norm in America, so I am often told that I am a cynic or non-romantic when I say this to my friends! Maybe I should marry a Swede? ;)
Actually, the man traditionally asks the fathers permission to marry his daughter if said daughter is under the age of 21. And he ask the father after he has asked the girl and has been accepted by the wench. I would be honoured if my father walked me down the aisle. In fact, I have already asked him to. Traditionally it meant that the girl was going from the fathers care and was being given to her husbands care and that she was now her husbands responsibility. I really do not mind those traditions, they are a part of our culture and one shouldn't bitch about them. I think people should remember it is THEIR wedding day and they can do what the hell they like. If people do not like it – tell them to get stuffed. So if you do not like those traditions then just do your own thing – you are not bound by law to have a traditional wedding! In Holland women can keep their own surnames, as in many other parts of the world. I know that most of the woman here keep their own surnames but put it behind their husbands name. As I am damn proud of my surname I will keep mine and put my future husbands behind mine ;-)
OH BLAH! Why can't people mind their own damn business? She wants to give the wanker another chance, fine. She wants her dad to walk her down the aisle, fine. I want my mother to gt off my ass about how I'm useless for not "pursuing my career" and happily being a housewife..but that's my problem, just like their situation is theirs. I feel terrible for people who can't just have their own lives. It's hard enough to muddle through life successfully without half a billion people judging you…poor girls! I'd hug them if I could!
Oh, and btw, the "giving the bride away" business isn't some archaic tradition about ownership. That's an anthropological misconception. It has to do with religion. In religious tradition, God entrusts 'the gentler soul' of women to the care and keeping of their father, who, when she marries, gives over her care and keeping to her husband. That's not intended to make her less, it's intended to protect her from the untoward intentions of unscrupulous men.
Tradition is stupid. People should do as they please as long as they aren't hurting anybody.
Unfortunately there is no equality in the world. In Sweden, men are less worthy than women. In Iran, women are less worthy than men.


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Here to help 90 tour guides and 1 locals
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Otsego Lake is a small lake located in Otsego County, New York in the USA and is the source of the Susquehanna River. Cooperstown, New York is at the southern end. Glimmerglass State Park is located on the northeastern shore. Glimmerglass Opera is located on the western shore. Otsego Lake is nine miles (14.5 km) long. It is geologically related to the Finger Lakes, but is not counted among them.
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FORT DRUM--New York Army National Guard Soldiers assigned to the 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team negotiate a concertina wire obstacle during premobilization training here on Friday, May 13. More than 2,200 Soldiers of the 27th IBCT are slated to deploy to Afghanistan in 2012 and are training at Fort Drum in May and June.
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Haenschen klein
About me
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My Reviews
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Home > Eyeglasses > Diesel > DL5202 (091)
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DL5202/091 Eyewear
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Top Definition
Is For Assholes
If you shop at Office Depot, you will get bummed in the asshole.
作者 RamboLurch 2009年11月12日
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A Store that sells School/Office and other supplies down in the Florida Area(as well as some other areas)
Mom:We are getting Back to School supplies from Office Depot, or nowhere at all, your choice Billy.
Billy: How about to hell with school period?
Billy: How about to hell with school period?
作者 OG Karma 2008年8月15日


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Horrorcore rappers Insane Clown Posse announced last week that they're looking into why the Federal Bureau of Investigation has categorized their fans, the Juggalos, as a gang.
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But the feds could have mentioned others. A report last year in the Medford Mail-Tribune said Juggalos and Juggalettes were involved in a series of assaults.
Lt. Brett Johnson of the Medford Police Department said that Juggalos
are frequently responsible for beatings, intimidation, and harassment,
particularly in and around Hawthorne Park. Johnson said that the May
2011 stabbing of 21-year-old Michael Gregory was Juggalo-related.


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Apparently Brad Evans is a fast healer. Just a few days after a shot to the side of the head sent him to the locker room and cast his future availability into doubt, the Seattle Sounders captain is back in the starting lineup for a pivotal match against D.C. United.
The boys are ready!
The boys are ready!
Sigi Schmid says that it shouldn't affect his time with the Sounders
FOX Sports has announced its lineup of talking heads and reporters for this summer's Copa America Centenario, including Seattle Sounders forward Herculez Gomez. It seems that Gomez's first action in this role will come in the very first match of the tournament on June 3, as he'll be part of the pre-match, halftime, and post-match commentary alongside Alexi Lalas, Fernando Fiore, Eric Wynalda and Aly Wagner for the United States' match against Colombia.
Clint Dempsey is back in the Seattle Sounders starting lineup after getting a week off to rest an injury, but Sigi Schmid is still rolling out a depleted group for Saturday's match against the Columbus Crew. In addition to the expected absences of Brad Evans (suspension) and Andreas Ivanschitz (illness), Erik Friberg and Nelson Haedo Valdez were also left out of the starting lineup.
In another MLS match marred by horrific refereeing, the Seattle Sounders lose to the Colorado Rapids. The 3-1 scoreline ignores that Kevin Doyle scored from an offside position. Brad Evans was so outraged that he immediately earned a yellow card for dissent. Not seconds later he earned a second yellow card, also for dissent.
Chad Marshall punishes Joe Willis in the 94th minute to level the game 1-1.
A frantic final few minutes gave Chad Marshall the opportunity the Seattle Sounders needed. Rather than suffer through another loss late goal earned Seattle a 1-1 draw. Houston Dynamo lead early due to a Giles Barnes goal in the 35th minute.
Now that Tyrone Mears is a permanent resident of the USA (holds a green card) the Seattle Sounders have two international spots open. The club also has roster space for two signings of any kind, as well as space for another Designated Player.
Today's announcement means that the following players are considered internationals - Oalex Anderson, Oniel Fisher, Erik Friberg, Andreas Ivanschitz, Joevin Jones, Román Torres and Nelson Haedo Valdez.
There's a rather significant list of things the Seattle Sounders liked about Herculez Gomez. The 33-year-old is a proven scorer, has played in a World Cup, is a positive locker-room presence and even has ties to Seattle. Based on those criteria alone, there would be reason to like this signing.
But the cherry on top?
After starting the season 0-3 and only scoring two goals, the Seattle Sounders have added a veteran presence at striker position.
The club announced on Thursday the signing of former U.S. Men's National Team forward Herculez Gomez, who most recently played with Toronto FC in 2015.
"Herculez is a veteran player who has played in some big games," said Sounders FC Head Coach Sigi Schmid.
Can the Seattle Sounders pull off the mile high miracle and leave Mexico City with a victory tonight?
Win and the Seattle Sounders go on. All it takes is playing in one of the most prestigious stadiums in the world. Estadio Azteca is 7,349 feet above sea level and boasting a capacity of 115,000 fans.
Morris will be the Sounder closest to goal in today's formation
With Clint Dempsey away with the US Men's National Team, the task of leading the Seattle Sounders attack falls to the forward trio of Herculez Gomez, Jordan Morris and Aaron Kovar.
The only unit that comes into this match entirely healthy is the midfield, but what a midfield it is: Andreas Ivanschitz, Osvaldo Alonso and Erik Friberg are three names that can make some beautiful music together.
Clint Dempsey has looked far more active throughout Saturday's match, notably putting himself higher up the pitch than he has in most matches. It paid off in the 26th minute, when Dempsey hit a pass from Erik Friberg first time. The shot was from right around the penalty spot and was through a bit of traffic.
With several injuries to manage Sigi Schmid turned to long-time pro and former United States National Team member Herculez Gomez for his first start with the Seattle Sounders. Clint Dempsey and Nelson Haedo Valdez both are absent from the starting lineup. Oalex Anderson earned another start.
Andreas Ivanschitz shifts back to the point of the midfield in front of Osvaldo Alonso and Cristian Roldan.
Without a point in three games and with several players coming off international appearances, the Seattle Sounders are going with a distinctly different starting lineup against the Montreal Impact than they have until now. Clint Dempsey is sliding back to midfield, Aaron Kovar is in for Jordan Morris, Dylan Remick is replacing Joevin Jones and Brad Evans returns at center back.
It's very difficult to come back and beat a good team on the road after giving up a 3rd-minute PK goal. We'll never know what this match would have looked like if Herculez Gomez had capitalized on his great run behind the FC Dallas defense right after the first whistle, of course, but man, wouldn't that have been nice?
Sounders fall behind on a 2' penalty and lose 2-0.
The Seattle Sounders hoped to gallop out of Texas with three more points on Saturday, but the home side continued their excellent home form and held the Sounders off 2-0. In a match that could have truly gone either way, FC Dallas managed to squeak out the win through Mauro Diaz's early penalty and then added a late insurance goal from a Michael Barrios breakaway.
"Were we at our best today? Probably not. Did we get a great result? Yes. So lets build off of that." -Herculez Gomez
They waited until the last possible moment, but the Seattle Sounders managed to will the ball in the goal to snatch a road point in Houston. The offense continues to sputter, but all goals (and points) count the same.
Herculez Gomez is officially a Seattle Sounders player, again. The 33-year-old forward had been on trial since last week and the signing was announced on Thursday. This will be Gomez's second stint with the Sounders, having played here on loan from the Sigi Schmid-coached LA Galaxy in 2003. Gomez brings more than a decade of professional experience and three World Cup appearances to the Sounders.
The Sounders website announced yesterday that Gomez would be training with the Sounders again this week
While he wasn't present at today's Starfire training session, Herculez Gomez could be a Seattle Sounder by the end of the week. The club announced yesterday on their website that Gomez would be training with the Sounders again this week, after he spent the majority of last week at Starfire.
Herculez Gomez spent most of last week getting reacquainted with Seattle and training with the Sounders. Among his activities were paying a visit to the Starbucks Roastery and took in the March to the Match, while also scoring a pair of goals for S2 in a scrimmage against Gonzaga. Apparently, it was all enough for him to come back for a second stint.
Photo by Anne-Marie Sorvin/USA Today Sports
The reigning MLS Cup champions have been busy making moves and finalizing contracts following Week 2 action in MLS.
The Portland Timbers acquired Darren Mattocks from Cascadia rivals Vancouver Whitecaps, who received General Allocation Money, Targeted Allocation Money and an international roster spot for the 2017 season in the trade.
Photo by Trevor Ruszkowski/USA Today Sports
The defending MLS Cup champions reportedly made two decisions that will likely make them a threat in MLS for years to come on Wednesday.
Fresh off of winning the 2015 MLS Cup, U.S. Men's National Team midfielder Darlington Nagbe has reportedly signed a new four-year deal with the Portland Timbers.
He has an impressive resume, however there are some significant things to consider before the Philadelphia Union would sign Gomez.
Toronto FC striker Herculez Gomez announced via twitter yesterday that he was leaving Toronto FC. This has naturally started people speculating as to where his next destination will be.
Photo by Kevin Jairaj/USA Today Sports
The MLS season is just five days away, and a handful of notable cuts were made this Tuesday.
The LA Galaxy released defender Dan Gargan and forward Ignacio Maganto. Gargan leaves the Galaxy after two years of service. The 10-year MLS veteran is eligible for free agency, while Maganto leaves the club after being selected in the 2015 MLS Draft.
Veteran Sounders forward gives his thoughts on broadcasting, MLS salaries, and more
When the Seattle Sounders picked up veteran forward Herculez Gomez, it was pretty clear that his experience both in MLS and in Mexico was of great value to the team. Since joining the LA Galaxy in 2002, Gomez has played for five MLS clubs, as well as seven clubs in the Mexican first division.
Soon after Jordan Morris scored a goal to keep things close, Herculez Gomez was called for the PK in the box. Thankfully, Stefan Frei had something to say about that as he made the right choice and dove to his right for the save.
Owen Coyle's Houston Dynamo host the Seattle Sounders in a Western Conference match. ESPN, not the deuce, has the 1 PM game on Sunday April 10th. Nelson Haedo Valdez will not start, which increases the chance that recent signing Herculez Gomez earns his first minutes for Seattle.
Houston is a curious side this year.
Herculez Gomez is currently out of a job after being waived by Toronto FC a couple weeks ago. The Seattle Sounders have virtually no veteran depth at forward. Might it be a match made in ... a world of mutual benefit?
It would appear to be at least a possibility.
Hearing Herculez Gomez will be training with Seattle Sounders.
Hearing Herculez Gomez will be training with Seattle Sounders.
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Jessica Simpson dropped a big hint that she and football player Eric Johnson just might get hitched in sweats rather than A-list wedding couture.
"Eric and I could get married right now in sweats!" the tweet said.
The digital brinksmanship originated with recent photographs of Simpson in workout duds, which she said was part of her routine and had nothing to do with getting in shape for the wedding.
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Two-Meat Pizza With Wheat Crust
Total Time
Prep 30 mins
Cook 30 mins
From Taste of Home, this pizza has a thick, bready crust that's delicious.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 7.08 g package active dry yeast
- 354.88 ml warm water (110-115 degrees)
- 29.58 ml canola oil
- 295.73 ml whole wheat flour
- 29.58 ml sugar
- 2.46 ml salt
- 414.03-473.18 ml all-purpose flour
- 425.24 g can pizza sauce
- 4.92 ml sugar
- 118.29 ml mushroom, sliced
- 59.14 ml chopped onion
- 59.14 ml sliced ripe olives
- 226.79 g bulk Italian sausage, cooked and drained
- 113.39 g Canadian bacon, chopped
- 473.18 ml mozzarella cheese, shredded
- In a bowl, dissolve the yeast in water and add oil.
- Combine whole wheat flour, sugar, and salt; add to yeast mixture and stir until smooth.
- Stir in enough all-purpose flour to form a soft dough.
- Turn onto a floured surface and knead until smooth, about 8 minutes.
- Place in a greased bowl; turn once to grease top.
- Cover and let rise in a warm place for 20 minutes.
- Punch dough down.
- Pat dough into bottom and 1-inch up the sides of a greased 14-inch pizza pan.
- Combine pizza sauce and sugar; spread over crust.
- Sprinkle with mushrooms, onion, and olives.
- Layer with sausage, Canadian bacon, and cheese.
- Bake at 350 degrees for 25-30 minutes or until crust is golden and cheese is melted.
Most Helpful
So glad I found this on here! I've had it written down for quite some time after seeing it in TOH and I lost it. I use this crust recipe for every pizza I make. I've also used it for calzones. It bakes beautifully and tastes amazing!
This was an excellent pizza and we thank you. I know that there is some Italian sausage in my freezer somewhere, but I couldn't find it, so substituted pepperoni with the canadian bacon and added some jalopena peppers as well. I also pricked my crust with a fork and baked it for 10 minutes at 400 degrees before putting the sauce on. I really tried to used the store bought pizza sauce, but just couldn't. I had to make my own. The crust is very nice on this pizza and of course I added a lot of cheese that I needed to use up. Thanks again for a wonderful pizza night.


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Scoe - Tha Influence
Posted about 3 years ago
Tags: Scoe, Free Downloads
Philly mainstay Scoe has come together with The DJBooth to bring fans his latest street album, Tha Influence.
The project packs a total of 17 original jams from the veteran emcee, among them reader-approved singles "Sunset Strip," "End of Summer," "Thank You," "They Ain't Ready" and "The Crown." Kendrick Lamar and Xzibit make guest appearances on Tha Influence, which packs production from Best Kept Secret, Bink Dawg, Charlie Red 3000, Fingazz, Hi-Tek, Jahlil Beats, Jake One, Just Blaze, Mike WiLL Made It, Nottz, Statik Selektah and Tone Mason.
Written by richard
Posted about 3 years ago
Get The PLUG app by DJBooth and get the best hip-hop writing and news delivered daily.
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Early Wednesday morning, a snippet of an unreleased Scoe record, "Back In The Day," surfaced on SoundCloud that features Kendrick Lamar and references... Read More
Posted one year ago by DJ Z
Scoe - B*tch I Ball
Posted about 3 years ago by richard
Scoe - The Crown
Posted 3 years ago by richard
Scoe - They Ain't Ready
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Despite small attempts at making a political statement, Campaign is more of the same from Ty$—for better or worse. Read More
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Wall Street Decline Takes Its Toll...
LC-MS Gains Favor Due To the...
As Immunotherapy Revolutionizes the Cancer Treatment...
Process Development Jobs Still the Most...
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3D representation of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes bubonic plague. [Michael Taylor/Shutterstock]
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While Zika continues to garner a lot of news coverage, a Mayo Clinic survey reveals that Americans believe the country's most significant healthcare challenge is cancer. Compared to other diseases, does the possibility of developing cancer worry you the most?
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text:
Oh wait, scratch that.
She's already hot just the way she is.
This is kind of one of those no-win topics. Undoubtedly, there will be people who love Christina, think she's sexy, beautiful and talented and share the post. There will be some who hate her, hate that we're sharing a picture of a large-breasted woman and talking about sex appeal at all and will comment with complaints either here or on Facebook. Then, there will be others who say that commenting on someone's outward appearance at all just feeds the idea that what we think about appearances matters.
In any case, here's my take on it:
Life would be pretty boring if we all looked the same.
Celebrating beauty is a good thing.
Realizing that there are many ways to be beautiful is also a good thing.
We notice each other's appearances. Deal with it.
We are spiritual beings. We are emotional beings. We are cerebral beings.
We are also sexual beings.
{and P.S. Mad Men is pretty awesome, although I also keep hearing good things about Game of Thrones. }
Fun Mad Men mashup bonus:
"Set me free why don't you, babe?"
Like elephant journal gets sexy on Facebook.
hot on elephant
The story behind the Elephant-headed God. 344 shares Visual Yoga Blog: Refresh your Eyes the Yoga Way. 160 shares Boomers vs. Millennials: Will We stay the Course or Change It? 364 shares Instead of Sabotaging another Relationship, here's how to Run into your Fear. 956 shares Join: Elephant's Winter 2017 Academy. 2 shares The Benching Mind-F*ck: Worse than Ghosting. 1,391 share 5 Ways to Kiss & Make Up for your Mercury Retrograde Mishaps. 499 shares "I'd look her right in that fat, ugly face of hers." 1,249 share 15 Cool Things Yoga has Taught Me. (Hint: None of them are Handstand.) 2,493 shares How to Quit your Job & Live in a Van. 2,633 shares


text:
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 8, 1980
|Filing date
|Sep 22, 1977
|Priority date
|Sep 22, 1977
|Publication number
|Kenneth C. Hudson
|Original Assignee
|Rca Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (28), Classifications (24), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to high speed optical defect detection and plotting systems and particularly to optical defect detection and plotting systems which may be employed to determine flaws in a regularly grooved high density information record, such as a video disc of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,842,194, issued to Jon K. Clemens.
The defect detection and plotting principles of the present invention are applicable where faithful records of groove surface conditions are required speedily. An illustrative environment, where such application of the principles of the present invention is particularly advantageous, is the manufacture of video disc records. In the processes for manufacturing a video disc record, such as the type supra, formulation of a uniform spiral groove free of significant amounts of undesirable asperities is an important factor for obtaining high quality video signal recordings. Each stage of record manufacture can be a critical stage wherein undesirable build-up of asperities that affect the production of quality video records must be minimized.
In one illustrative process for producing high quality video disc records having spiral grooves, a spiral groove is made by mechanically cutting a trapezoidal cross-section groove in a copper-coated aluminum disc, and coating the grooved surface with an electron beam sensitive material. The coated disc is mounted on a turntable of an electron beam disc recorder in the path of a finely focused beam of electrons, that is turned on and off, exposing selected portions of the groove bottom as the disc is rotated and translated with respect to the impinging beam. Those portions of the groove struck by the electron beam are removed by subsequent development of the sensitive material. After exposure and development, the master disc has the relief pattern that is desired in the final records. Molds for making stampers for producing production line records are made from these masters. In the final stages of manufacturing a video disc, a vinyl substrate is formed with the desired relief pattern, using a stamper made from a mold; the substrate is coated with a metal by a vacuum sputtering process; the metal is coated with a styrene dielectric by a glow discharge process; and the styrene is coated with a layer of oil by an evaporation process.
During each of the above-described record manufacturing processes, various kinds of flaws can develop, which may affect the record groove quality, and which are difficult to detect in view of the fineness of the groove structure typically employed in video disc (e.g., 5555 groove convolutions per inch).
In accordance with one approach of detect detection in spirally grooved discs, explained in U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,484, to Firester, et al., an incident probing beam, focused at a point beyond the disc surface, illuminates the grooved surface with a light spot that spans a plurality of convolutions of the groove. Relative motion is established between the disc surface and the probing beam in a manner causing the illuminating spot to rapidly scan the grooved surfaces in a coarse spiral pattern. The structure of the illuminated groove convolutions, absent any defects, serves as a diffraction grating for diffracting the light into an undeviated zero diffraction order cone of light that converges at a first location in a plane spaced from the disc surface and into deviated higher diffraction order cones of light that converge at additional locations in said plane separated from the first location. A photodetector is positioned to be in registry with the first location and spaced from said additional locations. A blocking means is placed over a central region of the photodetector to normally intercept the zero diffraction order light, thereby preventing the conversion of light energy to electric energy by the photodetector when defect-free groove regions are illuminated. When a defect exists in the illuminated region of the groove, unblocked regions of the photodetector receive light and the photodetector produces electrical signals indicative of the presence of a defect.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the aforementioned light diffraction approach to defect detection of Firester, et al., is advantageously employed to provide accurate defect detection data in an extremely short time duration (e.g., of the order of 3 seconds). A probing light beam, focused at a point near the surface of a grooved disc, illuminates the grooved surface with a light spot having a half-intensity contour that spans a plurality of groove convolutions. The axis of the probing beam path lies in a non-parallel relationship, and at a chosen angle (e.g., 2�), with respect to the central axis of the disc. The incident beam axis is desirably positioned in a plane which is parallel to the disc's central axis and intersects the grooved surface along a tangent to a groove convolution at the point of incidence. The illuminated portion of the groove convolutions effectively forms a diffraction grating, which is uniform (in the absence of defects). The effect of the diffraction grating on light reflected from the grooved surface is to form diffraction order cones of light that converge at respective locations in a convergence plane spaced from the grooved surface.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a first lens, which collects a large portion of the reflected light, provides a Fourier transformation in the focal plane of the first lens, of the light amplitude data in the convergence plane, while a second lens, provided in the diffracted light path downstream of the first lens, provides an inverse Fourier transformation, so that at the focal plane of the second lens an image of the scanning spot is reproduced on the surface of a photodetector. Blocking means are provided in the path of the reflected light to prevent the diffraction orders of light reflected from a defect-free groove structure and collected by the first lens from reaching the photodetector. By collecting a large portion of the reflected light, system sensitivity to defects is enhanced since large portions of the light scattered from groove defects will be preserved within the system.
When defects in the grooved surface are illuminated, the uniform diffraction grating effect is disturbed and some light, reflected from such a surface, will bypass the blocking means to reach the photosensitive surface of the photodetector, which produces an electrical signal output indicative of the defect presence.
Accurate positioning of the blocking means and the photodetector can insure that the diffracted light will not reach the photosensitive surface when defect-free regions of the disc surface are illuminated (the diffraction order components being intercepted by the blocking means), if one can safely assume that the disc surface in which the groove convolutions appear is otherwise flat and maintains a constant attitude relative to the incident beam. However, this assumption cannot be made in all instances. For example, a replicated disc is likely, due to effects of the replication processes, to exhibit warpage to some degree. Accordingly, pursuant to a further feature of the present invention, compensation for the above-mentioned surface attitude changes may be effected by providing a clamping arrangement whereby a central portion of the disc may be clamped to a turntable while the outer circumference bead of the disc is clamped between a roller bearing and a low friction finger (e.g., of nylon) to reduce warpage along the scanned radius.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention relative motion between the grooved surface and the probing beam is established in such a manner that a succession of regions of the grooved surface are scanned by the probing beam in a radial pattern. Illustratively, the desired relative motion is established by rotating the disc at a first selected rate, while successively translating the beam in a radial direction, while respect to the disc, at a second selected rate. Through choice of the rates, the coarseness of the radial scanning pattern may be controlled whereby the entire grooved surface of the disc may be scanned for defect detection purposes in one revolution of the disc and in a time period which is short (e.g., 3 seconds) relative to the normal playing time (e.g., 30 minutes) of the disc surface.
Pursuant to a further feature of the present invention, the translation of the probing beam along a radius of the inspected disc, is readily accomplished by means of a rotating polygon having mirrors forming its sides. With the center of the polygon at the second focal point of a third lens, whose focal length greatly exceeds the diameter of the polygon, the light beam reflected off the polygon sides and passing through the lens will approximate a beam source at the focal point of the third lens. Angular translation of the probing beam, as the mirror is rotated will approximate at the other side of the lens as a linear translation of the probing beam. This beam translating method enables the Fourier transformation of the light amplitude data of the reflected beams to be immobilized at the focal plane of the first lens so that blocking means, when positioned in that focal plane can be designed to intercept a reduced amount of reflected light, which still includes the diffraction order cones of light, thereby enhancing system sensitivity.
Pursuant to yet another aspect of the present invention, a defect recording apparatus is comprised within the system of the present invention. High speed writing apparatus, for mapping 1:1 polar plots of grooved disc defect locations on disc-shaped photosensitive paper, accepts electrical signals representing defect occurrences. These signals activate an optical modulator that permits passage of a recording beam of light between a light source and a surface of a turntable, upon which the photosensitive paper is mounted. By locating the recording light parallel to and in close proximity to the probing beam, the rotating mirror effects deflection of the recording beam in a manner causing it to scan the paper disc surface in a radial scanning pattern in synchronization with the probing beam scanning of the grooved disc. Moreover, by rotating the paper supporting and the grooved disc supporting turntables in synchronism, markings resulting from modulator activations are caused to be located on the photosensitive paper with radial and circumferential positions corresponding to the locations of the defects appearing on the grooved disc.
Pursuant to a further feature of the present invention, where dust particles exist on the surface of the disc record, care must be taken to minimize the light scattering effect thereof, which produces, at the photodetector, erroneous indications of groove defects. To this end, means, such as a fiber optic probe, are provided to collect the wide angle scattered light reflected by dust particles. Dust detector means responsive to the collected wide angle scattered light provides signal effective, when combined with the output of the photodetector, in reducing the mistaken identification of dust as defects.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates, in a perspective view, a grooved disc defect detection and plotting system embodying the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the defect detection system of FIG. 1, relating to the processing of the reflected light diffraction orders; and
FIG. 3 provides a plan view of a defect location record formed by the FIG. 1 system.
Referring to FIG. 1, a coherent light beam from a light source 11 (illustratively, in the form of a HeNe laser), transmitted by a pair of beam expander lenses 13, is intercepted by the reflected surface of a scanner mirror 15 (e.g., pentagonal cylinder). The beam impinging upon the scanner mirror 15 is reflected thereby towards a lens 19 which focuses the light beam toward a point beyond the reflecting surface of a strip mirror 21. The converging beam impinging upon the strip mirror 21 surface is reflected thereby toward the surface of a rotating grooved disc 23 and converges toward a focus point near the surface of record 23, forming a light spot at the intercepting surface region of such a size that a plurality of convolutions of the record's spiral groove (e.g., 30 convolutions of a 5,555 convolution inch disc record) are illuminated.
The orientation of the incident beam is desirably such that the axis of the incident beam lies in a nonparallel relationship, and at a chosen angle (e.g., 2�) with respect to the central axis of the record, and is desirably positioned in a plane which is parallel to said central axis and which intersects the grooved surface along a tangent to a groove convolution at the point of incidence.
Scanning of the surface of the grooved disc 23 is accomplished by rotating the disc 23 while radially translating the incident beam by rotating scanner mirror 15 (e.g., at 3600 rpm). By choosing a radius for the scanner mirror which is small relative to the focal length of focusing lens 19 and by locating the scanner mirror at the focal point of that lens, a so-called flat field scan translation of the probing beam with respect to the surface of a grooved disc 23 is effected, causing the illuminating light spot to scan the record surface in a radial pattern.
Light is reflected by the illuminated grooved surface region towards a first photodetector 25 through a second and third lenses 27, 29 and a blocking means (spacial filter 31) interposed between these two lenses. Portions of the wide angle light reflected by dust in the illuminated disc surface region is collected by means of a fiber optic collector 33 and directed towards a second photodetector 35.
The groove structure in the illuminated region, in the absence of defects and dust particles, provides a regular pattern of depressions and elevations, which effectively serves as a diffraction grating (with a grating pitch determined by the groove convolution pitch) to diffract the light passing to the first photodetector in a fixed pattern. This light diffraction results in the formation of an undeviated zero diffraction order cone of light and a plurality of additional, deviated cones of light corresponding to higher diffraction orders.
As shown in FIG. 2, an undeviated zero diffraction order cone (do) and a plus and minus first diffraction order cones (d+1 and d-1) converge at respective points beyond the second lens 27.
Second lens 27 provides a Fourier transformation, in the focal plane thereof, of the light amplitude data of the diffraction order cones. As the light spot radially scans the surface of the disc record 23, the accompanying radial displacement of the diffraction order cones of light across the face of the second lens 27 is accomplished in a manner which maintains the respective angles between the diffraction order cones of light and the lens axis constant (due to the aforementioned flat field scan translation of the incident beam). Therefore, each diffraction order cone of light as it passes the lens 27 is brought to a stationary focus in the focal plane of the second lens 27. Spatial filter 31 is provided with a plurality of light blocking means (B1, B2, etc.), each of which being disposed at a respective focus point, in the focal plane of lens 27, of the diffraction order cones of light to intercept the same. However, when defects disturb the regularity of the groove structure in an illuminated region, confinement of light to the aforesaid cones is no longer maintained, and the unblocked regions of the spacial filter 31 will transmit light energy to photodetector 25, which is converted thereby to electrical energy signalizing the illumination of a defect in the spiral grooves.
An arrangement, useful in compensating for the disc warp when a less than rigid groove disc is being inspected, includes a turntable 37 with a center post clamp which cooperates with a roller bearing 41 to position the outer perimeter of grooved disc 23 by pushing it slightly toward an optic fiber collector 33. The deflection of the perimeter of the disc by the roller bearing may be compared to that affecting a floppy disc whereby any sag or warp in the disc is removed along that radius which includes the roller bearing 41, and along which the illuminating spot is translated. For badly warped discs a low friction button 39 is used to oppose the roller bearing 41 and prevent contact of the disc with the optic fiber collector 33. This arrangement provides reasonable assurance that the disc record surface will be flat and will maintain a constant attitude relative to the incident beam.
With reference again to FIG. 1, the output of photodetector 25, developed at terminal X is indicative of the illumination of a defect in the spiral grooves. However, where dust particles exist on the surfaces of the groove, care must be taken to minimize the light scattering effect thereof, which produces at the photodetector 25, erroneous indications of groove defects. To reduce the effect of said erroneous indications, portions of the wide angle light reflected by dust particles in the illuminated grooved surface region is collected by means of the optic fiber collector 33 and directed towards a second photodetector 42.
The electrical output of first photodetector 25 signalling the illumination of a defect, appears at terminal X as a DC voltage which varies in amplitude in proportion with the amount of light energy that is converted to electrical energy by photodetector 25 (i.e., low levels of illumination produce low amplitude voltages, while high levels of illumination produces high amplitude voltages.)
Similarly, the electrical output of photodetector 42 signalling the illumination of dust particles appears at terminal Y as a DC voltage which varies in amplitude in proportion with the amount of light energy that is converted to electrical energy by photodetector 42 (i.e., low levels of illumination produce low amplitude voltages, while high levels of illumination produces high amplitude voltages).
The outputs of photodetectors 25 and 42 are applied to corresponding threshold circuits 43, 44. Threshold circuits 43, 44 generate voltage outputs at respective terminals x', y' when the input signal to the respective threshold circuit exceeds a respective reference value. A logic circuit 45 produces an output only upon signal development at terminal x' in the absence of signal development at terminal y'. In this manner, reasonable assurance can be provided that only defect signals are recorded. While a small percentage of groove defects will not be recorded due to their scattering light into the fiber optic collector 33, and a small percentage of dust particles will produce defect indication signals due to their peculiar light scattering pattern, overall system sensitivity to dust particles is reduced and system sensitivity to groove defects is enhanced.
The output of the logic circuit 45 which appears at terminal Z is coupled to an acousto-optic light modulator 47 interposed in the path of a recording light beam from a source 49 (e.g., in the form of a He Cd laser). The light output of modulator 47 varies between a high intensity level, during the presence of an output at terminal Z, and a low intensity level in the absence of an output at terminal Z.
The recording light beam, after passing through modulator 47 is intercepted by the reflecting surface of the scanner mirror 15, which effects a translation of the recording beam in synchronism with the translation of the probing beam and which recording beam is reflected thereby towards a strip mirror 48. Mirror 48 reflects the recording beam towards a lens 51 which focuses the recording light beam toward a point on the surface of a photosensitive recording disc 53 (e.g., a disc cut from a sheet of Kodak Linagraph direct print paper, Type 2167), which is sensitive only to the high intensity level output of modulator 47.
Photosensitive disc 53 is supported on a turntable 54 which is rotated in synchronism with the rotation of turntable 37, so that the recording beam traces a radial path on photosensitive disc 53 that substantially matches the radial path traced by the probing beam over the grooves of the disc record 23. Time delay in the acousto-optic modulator 47 is readily compensated for by appropriate tilting of mirror 48. An illustrative arrangement for effecting the desired synchronization is shown in FIG. 1, where both the grooved disc 23 and the photosensitive paper 53 are driven by one motor 55 with the same gearing ratio linkage to turntables 37, 54 supporting the respective discs.
In reference to FIG. 3, an illustrative example of a 1:1 polar plot of defect locations on photosensitive paper 53 is developed by the apparatus of FIG. 1, is presented. The defect locations are represented by each of the dash markings on the plot. The marking A points out the location of one of the several locations occurring near the outer perimeter of the disc record.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 19, 1971
|Jul 24, 1973
|Nordstjernan Rederi Ab
|Method of detecting surface defects of material surfaces
|May 25, 1973
|Apr 1, 1975
|Gen Electric
|Method of surface contouring
|May 13, 1974
|Mar 30, 1976
|The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington
|Coherent optical analyzer
|May 28, 1976
|Jun 21, 1977
|Rca Corporation
|Defect detection system
|May 28, 1976
|Jan 17, 1978
|Rca Corporation
|Defect plotting system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1980
|Mar 23, 1982
|Rca Corporation
|Optical inspection method for determining machinability
|Mar 14, 1980
|May 18, 1982
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Apparatus for inspecting defects in a periodic pattern
|May 30, 1980
|Oct 5, 1982
|Rca Corporation
|Missing order defect detection apparatus
|May 12, 1981
|Mar 15, 1983
|Aeronca Electronics, Inc.
|Surface inspection scanning system
|Aug 24, 1981
|Jul 5, 1983
|Itek Corporation
|Interferometric surface contour measuring arrangement
|Apr 29, 1981
|Jul 26, 1983
|Rca Corporation
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|Mar 11, 1981
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|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for inspecting specimen surface
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|Technique for inspecting semiconductor wafers for particulate contamination
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|Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik
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|E. I. Dupont De Nemours & Co.
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|Del Mar Avionics
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|Basler Gmbh
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|Aug 28, 1997
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|Wea Manufacturing Inc.
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|May 21, 1999
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|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V.
|System and method for detecting manufacturing marks on sputtered disks
|May 24, 2004
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|Optical inspection apparatus for substrate defect detection
|Nov 15, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|Tdk Corporation
|Method of testing an optical information medium and optical information medium testing apparatus
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|Sep 18, 1995
|Apr 3, 1996
|Basler GmbH
|Procedure and device for quality control of an object
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 13, 1994
Owner name: MARTIN MARIETTA CORPORATION, MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:007046/0736
Effective date: 19940322
|Jul 14, 1997
Owner name: LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MARTIN MARIETTA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008628/0518
Effective date: 19960128
|Aug 12, 1999
Owner name: L-3 COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD;REEL/FRAME:010180/0073
Effective date: 19970430