text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 16, 2003
|Filing date
|Mar 23, 2001
|Priority date
|Mar 25, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|André Kretschmann, Ralf Henn, Volker Wingsch
|Original Assignee
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (2), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thin-layer component, in particular a thin-layer high-pressure sensor having a substrate on which at least one functional layer to be patterned is to be deposited. The present invention as well as the underlying objective are explained with reference to a thin-layer high-pressure sensor, although they could, in principle, be applied to any thin-layer component.
High-pressure sensors are used in several systems in the motor vehicle industry. Among them are direct fuel injection systems, common rail direct diesel fuel injection systems, electronic stability programs, and electrohydraulic brake systems. High-pressure sensors are also used in the field of automation technology. The function of these sensors is based on using a thin-layer system to convert the mechanical deformation of a stainless steel membrane produced by pressure into an electrical signal. In this context, the deformation and, thus, the output signal are determined by the mechanical characteristics of the membrane and the pressure to be measured.
FIG. 2 shows the design of the thin-layer system of high-pressure sensors typically used today.
An insulating layer 20, usually SiOx, is disposed directly on a steel membrane 10, which is an integrated component of a holding device 100. Four strain gauges 30 (three are shown in FIG. 2) made of NiCr, NiCrSi, or doped poly-Si, for example, are disposed on insulating layer 20. The strain gauges form a Wheatstone's bridge, which is extremely sensitive with respect to the slightest change in the resistance of the individual strain gauges 30. Strain gauges 30 are contacted via a special contact layer or a corresponding layer system 40 having, for example, the layer sequence, NiCr layer 43/Pd layer 42/Au layer 41 (or Ni). A passivation layer 50, usually an SixNy layer, protects subjacent layer system 40 from external influences.
Due to the measuring bridge's high degree of sensitivity, it is important that passivation layer 50 completely cover the actual measuring bridge in order to ensure an interference-free operation of the sensor element under the operating conditions of motor vehicles (the sensor element's contacting surfaces are generally unpassivated).
In representing the thin-layer system, as described above, the thin-layer process typically represents a processing of the individual sensor elements in a larger group, which greatly reduces processing costs. Such a grouping is achieved with the help of a workpiece support in which the individual steel substrates to be coated are placed.
Generally, insulating layer 20 is deposited over the entire surface on the surface to be coated of steel membrane 10. Subsequently, the actual functional layer for strain gauges 30 is deposited over the entire surface. Strain gauges 30 are then produced with the help of a photolithographic patterning step. Subsequently, the contact layer or contact layer system 40, usually also being photolithographically patterned, is deposited. Shadow masking is also used as an alternative to photolithographically patterning contact layer 40. This is often followed by a balancing operation to adjust the desired electrical characteristics (in particular to adjust the symmetry of the bridge). Subsequently, passivation layer 40 is deposited which is also patterned photolithographically or using a shadow mask.
It can be concluded that the currently used manufacturing process necessitates at least one photolithographic patterning step for producing the thin-layer system described above.
For processing a plurality of sensor elements in a workpiece support, such a photolithographic patterning step, which generally includes the individual processes of pre-conditioning, resist coating, pre-baking, exposing, developing, (hard bake) etching, and removing the resist coating, entails numerous difficulties. Maintaining the required geometric tolerances and achieving a sufficient resist coating result represent particular difficulties. Maintaining the geometric tolerances necessitates a very precisely machined and, thus, expensive workpiece support. Moreover, the exposure plane, which is insufficiently defined due to the process tolerances of the individual elements, leads to significant deviations in the attained line widths. Furthermore, in mass production, a significant expenditure is required to prevent the materials from being carried over from one process step to the next.
As a result of all of the stated difficulties, a lithographic patterning step entails significant yield losses.
With respect to known approaches, the manufacturing method according to the present invention has the advantage that the layer construction of the high-pressure sensors used today can be achieved without a single photolithographic patterning step. Thus, the difficulties connected with the photolithographic patterning step are eliminated. Contrary to other proposed thin-layer processes not involving a photolithographic patterning step, the typical layer sequence of the high-pressure sensors currently in use can be maintained. This layer sequence has proven to be particularly successful under the operating conditions in motor vehicles. Thus, complete functionality, including stability throughout the working life, resistance to media, and electromagnetic compatibility, can be ensured despite the alteration in process.
An idea underlying the present invention is that of a thin-layer process for processing high-pressure sensor elements not requiring a photolithographic patterning step for patterning a functional layer. Thus, the functional layer's pattern, for example strain gauges, is produced using an appropriate laser patterning step.
Substituting the photolithographic patterning step, which is comprised of the above-mentioned individual processes, with a single laser patterning step results in significantly simpler process management. This leads to significantly shorter process times and greatly reduced handling expenditures, which is beneficial for mass production. Instead of a resist coating device, an oven, an exposer, a developer, an etching device, and a resist coating removal device, only an appropriately equipped laser is necessary, which signifies, among other things, a smaller need for clean room area and leads to reduced costs. The increased yield as a result of eliminating the yield-critical process steps, pre-conditioning, resist coating, exposing, developing, and removing the resist coating, also contributes to savings. Due to the smaller demands on the workpiece support, reduced costs can also be expected in this context. As a result of smaller cumulative tolerances, the strain gauges can be more exactly positioned on the sensor element.
Due to the more favorable etching behavior, the NiCrSi, for example, is typically deposited at room temperature in the usual method. After etching using a wet chemical treatment, a thermal treatment is necessary to cause the recrystalization to occur in the desired stage. In the case of laser patterning according to the present invention, the NiCrSi can be directly deposited in the desired stage. The thermal treatment is then unnecessary, i.e., an additional process step involving significant logistical difficulties is no longer needed. Contrary to an etching process using a wet chemical treatment, there is no danger of the substrate, e.g., the steel substrate, being corroded when creating the functional layer's pattern, for example, the strain gauges, via laser patterning. Selecting the material for the workpiece support is also simplified as a result of the reduced demands with respect to the resistance to media.
According to a preferred further refinement, an excimer laser having an appropriate optical system is used in conjunction with a mask for laser processing to transfer the desired pattern of the functional layer from the mask to the thin-layer component in one exposure step.
According to an additional preferred further refinement, the thin-layer component has a contact layer or a contact-layer system for contacting the patterned functional layer, and using a shadow mask, the contact layer or the contact-layer system is directly deposited with the desired geometric pattern.
According to another preferred further refinement, the thin-layer component has a passivation layer for passivating the patterned and contacted functional layer, and using a shadow mask, the passivation layer is directly deposited with the desired geometric pattern.
When the contact layer and the passivation layer are deposited with the help of shadow masks, absolutely no photolithographic patterning step is required for processing the thin-layer high-pressure sensor elements.
According to an additional preferred embodiment, the thin-layer component is a thin-layer high-pressure sensor where the substrate has a steel membrane and an overlying insulating layer.
According to another preferred further refinement, the functional layer is an NiCrSi layer or a poly-Si layer from which the strain gauges are patterned for a resistance measuring bridge.
According to a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the resistance measuring bridge is adjusted by a laser processing step analogous to the patterning. Thus, two similar process steps can be carried out by one and the same apparatus.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart for illustrating the specific process steps for an exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the design of the thin-layer system of the high-pressure sensors typically used today.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart for illustrating the specific process steps for an exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention. The sequence of the thin-layer process according to the present invention is explained in the following with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
First, in the present example, steel membrane 10 is subjected to an initial cleaning step S10, which will not be more closely explained here. The first layer, which is deposited in step S20, is SiOx-insulating layer 20. The first layer is typically deposited over the entire surface using a CVD process (chemical vapor deposition). It is not necessary to pattern SiOx-insulating layer 20.
This is followed by an intermediate cleaning step S30, which is also not more closely described.
The second layer, which is deposited in step S40, is the actual functional layer from which strain gauges 30 are created. In the case of the poly-Si, a CVD process is typically used. As a rule, the NiCrSi is deposited by sputtering. Thus, in step S40, the functional layer is deposited over the entire surface of SiOx-insulating layer 20.
NiCrSi strain gauges or poly-Si strain gauges 30 are produced by laser patterning in step S50. For this purpose, an excimer laser having an appropriate optical system is preferably used in conjunction with a mask, which enables the pattern of strain gauges 30 to be transferred from the mask to the respective sensor element in one exposure step. In this context, the power density and wavelength of the excimer laser are to be adjusted in such a way that the poly-Si or NiCrSi are selectively removed from the underlying SiOx of SiOx-insulating layer 20 in the "exposed" regions.
In connection with the laser patterning, it is useful to deposit the poly-Si layer or the NiCrSi layer using a shadow mask that covers the edge area of the sensors. As a result, residues of the functional layer can be prevented from remaining in the edge area and causing electrical flashovers during operation. Simultaneously, as a result, the surface to be processed by the laser can be reduced, thereby causing a reduction in the required laser power.
This is followed by an intermediate cleaning step S60, which is also not more closely described.
Using a shadow mask, NiCr/Pd/Au contact layer system 40, i.e., the layer sequence, NiCr layer 43/Pd layer 42/Au layer 41 (or Ni), is directly deposited with the correct geometric dimensions in step S70 by sputtering or electron-beam vaporization. For this purpose, the shadow mask must be mounted once, and then all three layers can be deposited consecutively. In this context, NiCr layer 43 is used as an adhesive agent, Pd layer 44 is used as a diffusion barrier, and Au layer 41 represents the actual bonding surface.
It is typical for material to flow underneath shadow masks. This instance of material flowing underneath the mask is strongly dependent on the exact geometric conditions. If the geometric conditions are precisely defined, this occurrence can be prevented when preparing the masks. Alternatively, as a result of shadow masking, other contact materials, such as Ni or Al, can also be deposited. Using shadow masking avoids a selective removal of contact materials from the material of the strain gauges.
The unpassivated bridge can subsequently be adjusted in step S80 by, for example, targeted laser cutting, again using an excimer laser, in regions of the NiCrSi pattern or poly-Si pattern of strain gauges 30 intended for that purpose.
This is followed by an intermediate cleaning step S90, which is also not more closely described.
SixNy-passivation layer 50 is deposited in step S100 by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) process or by sputtering using a shadow mask. Thus, SixNy-passivation layer 50 is also directly deposited with the correct geometric dimensions. The same is true for the shadow masks as for the NiCr/Pd/Au deposition in step S70.
Alternatively, SixNy-passivation layer 50 can also be deposited over the entire surface and subsequently laser-patterned. As a result, the expensive manufacture of the workpiece support for depositing the passivation using a shadow mask can be avoided, thereby making it possible to save on additional costs resulting from the manufacture of highly precise workpiece-support components and their maintenance as well as from yield losses during assembly. Furthermore, the process tolerances of the relative position of the layers lying on top of one another can be significantly improved.
SixNy-passivation layer 50 being deposited last ensures that the sensitive region of the thin-layer system, i.e., the actual measuring bridge, is protected by SixNy-passivation layer 50.
The aging process in step S110 is used to stabilize the thin-layer system.
Although the method of manufacture according to the present invention is described based on the aforementioned preferred exemplary embodiments, the method is not limited thereto, but can be modified in a plurality of ways.
In particular, the selection of the layer materials and the thickness of the deposited layers can be selected according to the specific application.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 28, 1999
|Nov 6, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus and method for defining a pattern on a substrate
|Apr 14, 1999
|Nov 20, 2001
|Mykrolis Corporation
|Method of making thin film piezoresistive sensor
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 10, 2003
|May 25, 2004
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Substrate and method of forming substrate for MEMS device with strain gage
|Jun 6, 2007
|Aug 19, 2008
|Measurement Specialties, Inc.
|Method of making pressure transducer and apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|438/50, 438/53, 438/52, 438/54, 438/55, 438/51
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 23, 2001
Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KRETSCHMANN, ANDRE;HENN, RALF;WINGSCH, VOLKER;REEL/FRAME:011721/0330;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010129 TO 20010205
|Apr 4, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 16, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 6, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070916


text:
For More Information Please Contact:
Brian Gard, (w) 503-221-0100
Port of St. Helens Commissioners unanimously approve Terminal Service agreement for the Morrow Pacific project at public meeting
On Wednesday night, the Port of St. Helens commissioners held a public meeting to receive comments on two proposed coal export projects. More than 150 people attended and there were numerous comments from supporters and opponents. Local ILWU leaders and local citizens emphasized the importance of family-wage jobs; representatives from the Sierra Club and Columbia Riverkeeper as well as local citizens raised environmental concerns. The meeting was well organized by commissioners, and all who signed up were able to comment.
After the public comment period, the commissioners went into executive session. When they returned, they voted unanimously to approve a Terminal Services agreement with an Ambre Energy subsidiary, Pacific Transloading LLC, enabling the company to proceed with plans for a transloading facility at the Port of St. Helens' Port Westward Industrial Park. The transloading facility is part of the Morrow Pacific project, which Ambre is developing to provide an export route for Powder River Basin coal to U.S. trade allies in the Asia-Pacific market.
"We are gratified by the commissioners' unanimous support for our project, which will bring an estimated 25 family-wage job to Columbia County, 25 family-wage jobs to Morrow County and 55 family-wage jobs in the transportation of coal for a total of 105 local jobs overall," said Clark Moseley, chief operating officer of Ambre Energy North America. The company will make a 10-cents-per-ton contribution to K-12 schools in each county, and the $150 million project will also provide significant property tax and port fee revenues and. In addition, no special tax breaks were asked for, according to Moseley.
The Morrow Pacific project involves shipping coal by train to an entirely enclosed facility at the Port of Morrow and then downriver by covered barge. At Port Westward, coal will be transferred from barges to oceangoing Panamax vessels with a state-of-the-art, $40 million transloading barge, Moseley added.
"We are absolutely committed to meeting Oregon's high standards and doing business the Oregon way," said Moseley. "Coal will be transported by energy-efficient, covered barges rather than rail from the Port of Morrow to Port Westward; there will be no visible coal piles at either the Port of St. Helens or Port of Morrow; and the project is designed to eliminate coal dust from the train unloading at the Port of Morrow to ship loading at the Port of St. Helens."
When the Morrow Pacific project begins operations, Ambre expects to ship 3.5 million metric tons annually, beginning as soon as mid-2013. Full operational and permitted capacity is expected to be 8 million metric tons annually, subject to Port approval.
For more information, visit www.MorrowPacific.com.
Ambre Energy North America is a subsidiary of Ambre Energy, founded in 2005 by CEO and Managing Director Edek Choros and headquartered in Brisbane, Australia. Ambre Energy North America is an emerging energy leader with head offices in Salt Lake City. Ambre's strategy is to acquire coal assets and develop the infrastructure required to serve strong and growing export markets.
The goal of the Morrow Pacific project is to develop an export route for low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin to U.S. trade allies in the Asia-Pacific market. As the Morrow Pacific project moves forward, Ambre Energy expects to be held to high standards and to do business the Oregon way by respecting the environment, communicating honestly and operating transparently.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Featured MNV Articles:
Notable Friday Option Activity: TGT, AMG, AMGN
Friday, August 12, 2:22 PM ET, by Market News Video Staff
Looking at options trading activity among components of the S&P 500 index, there is noteworthy ...
Ex-Dividend Reminder: Brunswick, Snyder's-Lance and Mattel
Wednesday, August 17, 9:56 AM ET, by Market News Video Staff
On 8/19/16, Brunswick Corp. (BC), Snyder's-Lance Inc (LNCE), and Mattel Inc (MAT) will all trade ...
Noteworthy ETF Inflows: ITOT, KO, UNH, AMGN
Friday, August 19, 10:56 AM ET, by Market News Video Staff
Symbols mentioned in this story: ITOT, KO, UNH, AMGN Exchange traded funds (ETFs) trade just ...
MAT Named 'Top Dividend Stock of the Nasdaq 100' at Dividend Channel With 4.6% Yield
Monday, August 22, 7:52 AM ET, by Market News Video Staff
Mattel Inc (MAT) has been named as the ''Top Dividend Stock of the Nasdaq 100'', ...
The most recent short interest data has been released by the NASDAQ for the 06/28/2013 settlement date, and we here at Dividend Channel like to sift through this fresh data and order the underlying components of the Nasdaq 100 by "days to cover." There are a number of ways to look at short data, for example the total number of shares short; but one metric that we find particularly useful is the "days to cover" metric because it considers both the total shares short and the average daily volume of shares typically traded. The number of shares short is then compared to the average daily volume, in order to calculate the total number of trading days it would take to close out all of the open short positions if every share traded represented a short position being closed.
In our new rank based on the most recent short interest data from NASDAQ, Mattel Inc (NASDAQ:MAT) has taken over the position of #46 most shorted Nasdaq 100 component, from Amgen Inc (NASDAQ:AMGN) which is now in the #45 spot.
The "days to cover" at 06/28/2013 was 2.34 for MAT, and 2.37 for AMGN; this compares to the average across all Nasdaq 100 components of 3.33 (down from the average back on the 06/14/2013 settlement date of 3.70). The chart below shows the movement over time of the "days to cover" values of both MAT and AMGN, versus the average Nasdaq 100 component.
Below is a chart showing the relative positions of MAT versus AMGN over time within the 100 Nasdaq 100 components, with #1 representing the component with the highest "days to cover" value (most heavily shorted) and #100 representing the component with the lowest "days to cover" value (least heavily shorted):
A stock with a high "days to cover" value compared to its peers would be considered to have a higher level of short interest as compared to those peers. This could mean short sellers are using the stock to hedge a long bet elsewhere, or could also mean that short sellers believe the price of the stock will decline. When short sellers eventually cover their positions, by definition there must be buying activity because a share that is currently sold short must be purchased to be covered. So investors tend to keep an eye on that "days to cover" metric, because a high value could predict a sharper price increase should the company put out some unexpectedly good news � short sellers might rush to cover positions, and if the "days to cover" number is high, it is more difficult to close those positions without sending the stock higher until the higher price produces enough sellers to generate the necessary volume.
Below is a three month price history chart comparing the stock performance of MAT vs. AMGN:
According to the ETF Finder at ETF Channel, MAT and AMGN collectively make up 2.66% of the PowerShares QQQ ETF (QQQ) which is up by about 0.1% on the day Friday.
�����See what other ETFs contain both MAT and AMGN �
�����See what other stocks are held by QQQ �
At last check, MAT was up about 0.7%, while AMGN was off about 0.5% on the day Friday.


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Latest updates
September 21, 2016
Convocation: New president welcomes news students and their parents
Stanford leaders and a senior welcomed first-year and transfer students during the 126th Opening Convocation Ceremony, held September 20 in the Main Quad. Read story
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Stanford Magazine profile: A Leader in Full
As a scientist and as an executive, Marc Tessier-Lavigne has made a career out of making a difference. Read story
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Stanford President-elect Marc Tessier-Lavigne prepares to take office Sept. 1
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In honor of World Water Day, I present this post and video from 1968.
In this short documentary from conservationist Bill Mason, he illustrates that although the Great Lakes have had their ups and downs, nothing has been harder to take than what humans have done to them lately. In the film, a lone canoeist lives through the changes of geological history, through Ice Age and flood, only to find himself in the end trapped in a sea of scum.
Some background on the film from the NFB
The film was conceived and produced for the educational market. It was to be on the evolution of the Great Lakes (the working title was Evolution of the Great Lakes) and man's impact on them. Mason agreed to a lighter approach for the film but was disappointed when the producer made several changes to his finished work. Test screenings proved to be very successful with children and teachers, who appreciated the humorous approach to the subject. The feedback was so positive that the film was blown up to 35 mm for theatrical distribution. Nevertheless, Mason was not happy with the finished product, feeling he had lost creative control over it.
All I could think of while watching this is that if this was bothering him back in 1968, it's condition right now much really devastate him.
Of course if a musical educational video doesn't capture your mood today, here is a full length documentary by Jacques Cousteau on the St. Lawrence Seaway.


text:
It was a triumphant Saturday for the Cheltenham track teams at the Suburban One American championships at Plymouth Whitemarsh. The Panthers swept the boys' and girls' team titles, knocking down several meet records in the process.
John Lewis won three events, including records in the 400 meters (47.69 seconds) and 300 hurdles (38.38). He also claimed the 800.
Christian Brissett took gold in the 100 and 200 meters, and ran on the winning 4x100 relay.
Katelyn Jackson (100 and 200) and Ciara Leonard (100 and 300 hurdles) each won two events. They also were a part of the record-setting 4x100 relay, which finished in 46.92.


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Over 100+ F degrees! Also, itchy body doesn't help! :(
Crazy weather.Submitted by ant on Sun, 09/25/2016 - 10:26pm.
Dang weather!Submitted by ant on Tue, 09/20/2016 - 7:55pm.
So hot, humid, sticky, etc. This ant is ready for winter. :P
Almost 15 days!Submitted by ant on Mon, 09/19/2016 - 12:44pm.
'tis barnacle-covered ant has not be out far away since th' 4th.
BUSYSubmitted by ant on Tue, 09/06/2016 - 10:31pm.
It is back to normal BUSY life again it seems after the summer 2016 ended. :O
Stupid old body!Submitted by ant on Wed, 08/31/2016 - 12:12pm.
Stop being so sicky, itchy, leaky, achy, annoying, coughy, sneezy, etc. :(~
Dang tiny pimples!Submitted by ant on Tue, 08/30/2016 - 8:22am.
Lots of them popped up recently like this morning on the left corner of the lips. :(
Too much...Submitted by ant on Fri, 08/26/2016 - 6:47pm.
... junk food (pizza, fre(edom/nch) fries, onion ring, burger, etc.) this week! Argh!
Olympics ...Submitted by ant on Tue, 08/23/2016 - 12:58am.
... Dang it, its theme song is still stuck in the head.
Quiet and calm...Submitted by ant on Sun, 08/21/2016 - 8:54pm.
... week and weekend again, but things should be picking up tomorrow?
Dang it, Apple!Submitted by ant on Thu, 08/18/2016 - 10:33pm.
Its old hierarchical file system (HFS) sucks for getting corrupted on the external hard disk drive (HDD)'s Time Machine backup again.
It is ironic...Submitted by ant on Thu, 08/11/2016 - 10:06pm.
... that this worker ant wanted to be an entomologist to play with bugs, but went to computer side's for its digital bugs. ;)
Ant's brief Goat Simulator game review from its free weekend...Submitted by ant on Thu, 08/11/2016 - 7:42pm.
Blue's News mentioned a free sampler for a few days.
Yay!Submitted by ant on Wed, 08/10/2016 - 2:31am.
Ant got higher vitamin D results from last Fri(day)'s blood withdrawal tests. Let's see if they stay up for now on. :P
It's almost Friday!Submitted by ant on Thu, 08/04/2016 - 10:45pm.
Rio's summer Olympics' opening ceremony! But first this old ant needs to sleep, get blood drawn, work, record (five hours!), etc. :(
Nice hack and clean!Submitted by ant on Tue, 08/02/2016 - 11:11am.
Cleaned old computers' hardware internals and hacked fan modifications as shown in these couple photo(graph)s. They were being cooked from the hot heat wave. Tha
New ...Submitted by ant on Mon, 08/01/2016 - 8:20pm.
... month, job role and department, year for some younglings, etc.
Finally!Submitted by ant on Sun, 07/31/2016 - 7:51pm.
Cool air from the outside after the hot daytime weather. :D
Too much Italian food!Submitted by ant on Sun, 07/31/2016 - 4:08pm.
The last few days were pizzas, pastas, ravolis, noodles, etc. Ant needs a break! :(
So loud!Submitted by ant on Sat, 07/30/2016 - 11:31pm.
Frakking alarms. Ant thought it was the computer beeping or something, and waking the colony up. :/
30 years?Submitted by ant on Tue, 07/26/2016 - 8:32pm.
Voltron, ALIENS, and Double Dare!


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"steve your brewbs are getting big, when did you stop working out?"
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text: News Home Albert Lea Seed Announces Business Changes 9/8/2016 Albert Lea Seed, a family-owned, Minnesota-based company supplying seed to American farms for nearly 100 years, today announced it is transitioning its Viking Seed corn and soybeans line to a 100 percent non-traited (i.e. non-GMO) brand, and becoming a distributor of traited seed for NorthStar Genetics. Read full story Organic seed pioneer debuts 'highest purity' seed corn Albert Lea 9/7/2016 Albert Lea Seed terminates GMO seed distribution licenses Read full story August Soybean Lookout—Sudden Death Syndrome 8/18/2016 In parts of the region this summer, sudden death syndrome (SDS) is starting to affect soybeans. This yield robbing fungal disease, caused by Fusarium virguliforme, makes its introduction into young seedlings early in the season. Read full story August Soybean Lookout—White Mold 8/18/2016 White mold—also know as Sclerotinia stem rot—is produced by the fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and can cause significant yield loss. It is more prevalent during cool, wet growing conditions especially after canopy is reached. Read full story Stripe Rust Detected in IA Winter Wheat 5/31/2016 We recently visited an organic seed grower in Jefferson, IA who reported his field of winter wheat looked diseased and yellowed across the whole 130 acres. After visiting the field, taking samples, and conferring with University of Minnesota professionals, we identified Stripe Rust as the culprit. Read full story Markets Emerging for Transitional Organic Grain 5/15/2016 There is no doubt that one of the most financially challenging aspects of becoming a certified organic producer is the three-year transition period. Read full story Another Strong Year for Viking Organic Corn 4/21/2016 As a leader in organic seed production, we know that one strip trial, one season or one conversation on the phone often isn't enough to help you arrive at the best organic corn hybrid for your farm. Read full story Ray Yokiel: He Was Organic Before Organic Was 4/21/2016 This year, Ray Yokiel will plant his 32nd organic crop. The fact is, Ray was organic before the organic movement existed. He inherited his environmentally friendly approach to farming from his father, who purchased the land Ray farms today in 1956. Read full story Organic Industry News 4/21/2016 Organic Crop Insurance Organic farming has become one of the fastest-growing segments of U.S. agriculture. Read full story Organic Alfalfa seed? We Have It! 4/21/2016 Whether grown as a high-value cash crop, fed as the essential foundation of an organic livestock operation or plowed down to feed the next crop, the quality of the organic alfalfa seed you plant is vitally important. Read full story


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Well-crafted and structural, the Brennan 1-light outdoor wall lantern from Savoy House has dramatic clear seeded glass panes and a rich English bronze finish accentuated with gold.
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Amics del Liceu cooperates with the Gran Teatre del Liceu by organizing cultural activities to support the Liceu and encourage opera in general:
Amics del Liceu also issues publications:
Amics del Liceu
La Rambla 88, 2n (enter by Amadeu Bagués Passage)
08002 Barcelona
Tel. 93 317 73 78
La bohème
Tuesday June 14th, 2016 at 7.30pm at Chorus Rehearsal Room
With Enric Martínez-Castignani, baritone.
Die Zauberflöte
Wednesday July 13rd at 7.30pm at Chorus Rehearsal Room
With Jaume Radigales, professor at Ramon Llull University and critic at La Vanguardia.


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New Products
The new book Debugging with GDB/DDD by Norman Matloff and P.J. Salzman, published by No Starch Press, highlights the importance of debugging to successful software development. Focusing on GDB, a popular open-source debugger, the book shows developers how to reduce the time they spend finding and fixing programming errors. Debugging's approach is to apply a range of real-world coding errors, from simple typos to major logical blunders, to illustrate how to manage memory, understand core dumps and trace programming errors to their root causes. The book also covers topics missing from other debugging books, such as threaded, server/client, GUI and parallel programming.
Fresh out of beta is Cohesive Flexible Technologies' Elastic Server On-Demand (ESOD) Community Edition virtualization platform. The product is a free Internet platform for independent developers and individual enterprise developers to take advantage of virtualization and cloud computing utilities like Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud. Users can "take their application stack 'recipes', capture them, and reproduce them as virtual servers rapidly and automatically", says CohesiveFT's CTO. The firm claims to be the "first service to offer developers and operations complete control of their server assembly, independent of which virtualization or cloud technology they require." The ESOD Community Edition is free to use and is intended for individual developers and noncommercial, nonproduction use.
Adding to its rich portfolio of debugging tools, TotalView Technologies has released Workbench Manager, an application that allows developers to create an integrated, cohesive view of the development and debugging work-flow process. One can manage any version of TotalView Debugger, MemoryScape memory debugger and any third-party application used for development and debugging, all from a single dashboard-like GUI. As a result, you easily can integrate both commercial and open-source tools in your toolchain. TotalView Technologies' products can be used to debug Linux, Mac OS X and UNIX applications running on development machines with single, dual-core, multicore or multiple processors.
A book on a specific Linux topic typically means it's on the cusp of breaking out. Such is the case with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the focus of the new book Desktop GIS: Mapping the Planet with Open Source Tools by Gary E. Sherman and the Pragmatic Bookshelf. The book's purpose is to help you deal with the issues involved in assembling your GIS toolkit, such as choosing the right platform and tools, dealing with integration issues and getting support. Sherman introduces the main open-source applications, such as GRASS, Quantum GIS, uDig and others, and also delves into scripting with various languages. The author is the founder of the Quantum GIS Project.
New on the development scene are SoftIntegration's Ch 6.0 and Embedded Ch 6.0, interpreters for cross-platform scripting, 2-D/3-D plotting, numerical computing, shell programming and embedded scripting. New features in v6.0 include debugging capability, a user-friendly IDE for teaching/learning programming (in the Professional Edition) and new plotting features, including multiple coordinates and new plotting types. Ch and Embedded Ch are available for Linux x86, Linux PPC, Windows, Mac OS X, Solaris, HP-UX, FreeBSD and QNX Neutrino RTOS.
ADLINK Technology has just beefed up your options for network security, adding the ALS-3206 Rackmount Network Security Platform to its solutions palette. The ALS-3206 series is billed as a flexible, mid-range, cost-effective solution for IDS, IPS, UTM, firewall, VPN gateway, load balancing and traffic-mining applications. The line further supports several Intel processors and chipsets and provides six gigabit Ethernet ports, one PCI extension slot and two configurable PCI-X slots. One of the PCI-X extension slots can be configured to extend a four-port gigabit Ethernet card and the other to extend a network security accelerator. This combination of features is suited, says ADLINK, for antivirus software security, content security and PKI software applications.
James Gray is Products Editor for Linux Journal.
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Geek Guides
With all the industry talk about the benefits of Linux on Power and all the performance advantages offered by its open architecture, you may be considering a move in that direction. If you are thinking about analytics, big data and cloud computing, you would be right to evaluate Power. The idea of using commodity x86 hardware and replacing it every three years is an outdated cost model. It doesn't consider the total cost of ownership, and it doesn't consider the advantage of real processing power, high-availability and multithreading like a demon.
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Play Tetris in four directions at once! This modern puzzle game features monochrome block formations. Your job is to create full rows and columns in any direction. Plan your moves in advance, and earn maximum points by filling up the entire board!
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Customer Also Viewed
Tiger bar chair has a round base and footrest in chrome with matching column featuring adjustable height for easy bar to counter manuvering. Plush tufted detailed upholstery in soft leatherette to seat and separate back are finished with wood veneer panels in warm walnut color. Color options are black and white leatherette.Features:
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Algeria EgyptLibyaSudan
AfghanistanChinaCentral AsiaIndia-PakistanIndonesiaKoreaMyanmarNepalPhilippinesMicronesiaSri LankaThailand
Potential HotspotsTerrorismTop Ten Conflicts
The 3 June issue of The Philippine Star reported that the United States is asking the Philippine government to allow the deployment of the Japan-based USS Kitty Hawk to in the Sulu Sea. Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz told them on the 2nd that American troops are likely to remain in Basilan to continue helping the Philippine military fight the Abu Sayyaf terrorists. Deploying the Kitty Hawk to the Sulu Sea would put Basilan within striking distance of the ships 70 combat aircraft. If the Kitty Hawk is deployed in the Sulu Sea against terrorist threats, it would be the first time that a US warship would see active duty in Philippine waters since 1992 when Manila shut down two US bases. How things change in just one decade. - Adam Geibel
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Over the years, we have tried to keep in-your-face ads off our site. If our readers have complained about an ad, we have looked into it and 90% of the time removed the ad. Unfortunately, revenues from standard ads are just not enough to keep us alive.
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Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on October 4, 2011.
How I Became An Elephant is one girl's story... which led to a movement, which led to a continuing plan... to save a species.
This project's funding goal was not reached on October 4, 2011.
Elephants are dying at an alarming rate, both in the wild and in captivity. Their numbers down from hundreds of thousands to just a few thousand. With minimal laws for protection and so much corruption within the system, the situation looks bleak. But the two women featured in our project (Juliette and her Asian mentor, Lek) will stop at nothing to reverse the damage. They are determined to make a difference and we are determined to document it, bringing their story of courage and compassion to audiences worldwide, because this isn't just about elephants... It's about believing in something and standing up for what you believe in. It's about species interconnections. It's about our world.
How I Became an Elephant is directed by 16-time award winning filmmakers Tim Gorski and Synthian Sharp. We are finally well into post production but we still need funding for final editing, music score, sound mix, graphics, animation, distribution, duplication, publicity, educational format.
Every penny raised goes directly to the finishing of this powerful and very necessary film.
Every elephant in these photographs has a unique rescue story from a life of hardship and abuse. Their bios will be included in the final large format high-resolution prints for your wall. By supporting us at this level you indirectly help each and every one of these elephants and so many more. How? By donating you are helping us make the film that tells their stories, that sheds light on a cruel industry, and that educates millions potentially.
FREE DESKTOP WALLPAPER:As a thank you for taking the time to Join the Kickstarter Stampede and learn a little more about our film and our cause, we're offering you this FREE Desktop Wallpaper.
Unfortunately for international pledges (outside USA) under $250 we must charge standard shipping fees for posters and DVDs.
- (40 days)


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Town Square
Car accident on Webster and Forest
Original post made by PAresident1, University South, on Feb 14, 2013
Comments (4)
a resident of Downtown North
on Feb 14, 2013 at 10:37 am
Most intersections around town are 2-way stops. If you run the stop sign, you can pay with your family's lives. Stop means stop.
And yes, people need to obey the speed limit, especially on residential roads where visibility is generally poor, especially at night.
a resident of Downtown North
on Feb 14, 2013 at 11:09 am
That is a VERY dangerous intersection. Forest has the stop; Webster is open. It is virtually impossible for a driver on Forest to see oncoming Webster traffic, even stopped. You stop, say a prayer, and gun it.
The solution is so simple even our city government ought to see it: make that intersection a 4-way stop.
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Feb 14, 2013 at 2:53 pm
This is a very scary intersection ....every weekend, I see a close call, sometimes two. I am surprised this did not happen sooner!
a resident of Greenmeadow
on Feb 14, 2013 at 4:37 pm
People on Guinda run the stop sign at Lincoln ALL THE TIME. Luckily I learned this long ago... Some intersections are worse than others....
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Restaurants > Rio Rancho > Rio Rancho | Brewery | Pizza | Bar and Grill/Pub
Restaurants in Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Northern New Mexico, searchable by cuisine and location, with ratings and reviews. Get educated before you eat!
Turtle Mountain Brewing Company
905 36th Place SERio Rancho)
Rio Rancho NM
(505) 994-9497www.turtlemountainbrewing.com
Sun: 11 am-9 pm Mon-Thurs: 11 am-9:30 pm Fri-Sat: 11 am-8:30 pm (hours can change without notice)
Nearby Theater: Rio Rancho Premiere Cinema (See Film Times)
Cuisine: Brewery, Pizza, Bar and Grill/Pub
Turtle Mountain Brewing CompanyThey take beer seriously here, and Turtle Mountain is one of the few places west of the river where you'll find house-brewed beer. Don't leave without trying the thin-crusted pizzas or a calzone. Oh, and order some root beer for the kids—that's made there too. (Alibi Staff, August 11, 2010)
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How To Treat Diabetes Type 2 Naturally
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As skills and training are enhanced, he or she can proceed using a full nursing career and grow a registered nurse by completing the necessary courses to earn a Bachelor\'s Degree in Nursing. Here will be the key skills required by order to become a pharmacy technician:. When it comes down for pharmacies necessity of refrigerators, it\'s very necessary diabetes cure bcg vaccine for the crooks to need and use a more durable unit. Obstetricians and gynecologists are physicians who concentrate on women\'s health. The pharmacist declared that my identification was no longer considered valid from the state since it had expired.
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Matrimoni e altri disastri (Weddings and Other Disasters)
dir. Nina Di Majo
Italy, 2010, 102 minutes
Italian, with English sub-titles
When Beatrice has to go on a business trip just before her wedding, her single, independent sister, Nana, gets thrust into the role of wedding planner with her soon-to-be brother-in-law, Alessandro. One-night stands begin, family secrets are revealed, dim-witted priests appear, and playful sexual-tension between sister and brother- in-law starts to develop. Things go from bad to worse to bad again to worse still, with hilarious results in this romantic comedy, Italian style.
28th European Union Film Festival
November 14, 2013 until December 1, 2013
Join us for world-class, award-winning, and Oscar-submitted films from 27 countries across the European Union!
Special guests welcomed this year include Matthias Drescher, producer of the acclaimed drama Shifting the Blame (Germany).
Other festival evenings will be introduced with exclusive video greetings from filmmakers or actors, and many nights are followed by complimentary Embassy receptions. All of the films shown are Ottawa premieres, presented at the Auditorium of 395 Wellington St., Ottawa (Library and Archives Canada building).
Box office opens outside the Auditorium one half hour before screening time. All tickets, memberships and festival passes can only be purchased at the box office. Advance tickets for the EUFF are also sold at the door. Cash only.
$12.00 (includes HST): Non-member General Admission
$8.00 (includes HST): CFI Members, seniors (65+), students
$35.00 (includes HST): 5-Film Passport (CFI Members only)
Good movie, the pizza & wine afterwards was a nice surprize.
0 · November 20, 2013
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Mike Ludwig of Truthout: Trump and Clinton laid out their grand plans during their first debate. But social justice activists are not taking their marching orders from them.
Manning's suicide attempt is punished as a "threat" to order because it's legible as a threat to the state's management of her life, and ability to punish.
Dina Rasor is an investigator, journalist and author. Rasor has been fighting waste while working for transparency and accountability in government for three decades. In 1981, Rasor founded the Project on Military Procurement (now called the Project on Government Oversight, or POGO


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Some are criticising a Nigerian government plan to send qualified maths and science teachers to South Africa, saying it will harm Nigeria's education system. Some officials say there are not enough qualified teachers in Nigeria, and an exodus of maths and sciences educators would result in "brain drain".
Full Story:ThisDay Newspapers (Nigeria)


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Chicago Sky in WNBA Playoffs vs. Indiana Fever
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$18 - $50
The Chicago Sky have finished the WNBA season with the best record in the Eastern Conference, and you can see them in person as they host the defending champion Indiana Fever in the first round of the playoffs. Excitement will be high as the Sky, led by electrifying rookie Elena Delle Donne, face Tamika Catchings, Shavonte Zellous and the Fever. At 6'5", Delle Donne is one of the tallest wing players in the league, and she teams up with center Sylvia Fowles and veteran forward Swin Cash to give the Sky one of the WNBA's most fearsome front lines. High-scoring guard Epiphanny Prince and ex-Gonzaga point guard Courtney Vandersloot round out a lineup that went 24-10 in the regular season, earning the Sky their first ever playoff berth in style.
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All offers for WNBA Playoffs: Indiana Fever vs. Chicago Sky have expired.
The last date listed for WNBA Playoffs: Indiana Fever vs. Chicago Sky was Friday September 20, 2013 / 6:00pm.
Currently at Allstate Arena
Chicago Sky Basketball: Exciting WNBA Playoff Action
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WNBA Playoffs: Indiana Fever vs. Chicago Sky
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Family oriented atmosphere had a blast even though we didn't get the win
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Course Directory: United States / New Jersey / Belleville
Belleville, New Jersey Golf Courses & Discount Tee Times
Whether you're visiting Belleville, New Jersey for business or recreation, make a round of golf one of your top priorities. Belleville, New Jersey has many outstanding options for the avid golfer, including a wide variety courses and plenty of tee times to fit your schedule. Plan to play a new course during your stay in Belleville, New Jersey and take advantage of the incredible deals on tee times available through GolfNow.
All Belleville, New Jersey Golf Courses
Hendricks Field Golf Course
18 holes over 6113 yards with a par of 70220 Franklin Ave
Belleville, NJ 07109-1754


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- Stay on top of this week's happenings at the Y by reading our Weekly E-Newsletter, The Y Knot Now - September 26.
AFTERSCHOOL PROGRAM REGISTRATION OPEN - Did you know the Y offers afterschool at the following locations: Aquadale, Badin, Endy, Locust, Richfield, Stanfield, West Stanly Middle, and the Y Pavilion. Read More
STANLY COUNTY FAMILY YMCA RENOVATION SCHEDULED - The Y has renovation scheduled for the following areas during the month of September - Minnie's Place, Gym/Track, and Racquetball Courts. Due to this renovation, we will need to close and relocate programs/services during that time. Please be aware of the closing schedule. Relocation of services/programs will be posted in September.
STANLY COUNTY FAMILY YMCA LOCKER ROOM POLICY - Please be aware of the Stanly County Family YMCA locker room policy. Read More
Our goal is to help participants build muscle mass and muscle strength, increase flexibility and endurance and improve functional ability. Additional goals include reducing the severity of therapy side effects, preventing unwanted weight changes and improving energy levels and self esteem. A final goal of the program is to assist participants in developing their own physical fitness program so they can continue to practice a healthy lifestyle, not only as part of their recovery, but as a way of life. In addition to the physical benefits, the program provides participants a supportive environment and a feeling of community with their fellow survivors, YMCA staff and members.
YMCA fitness instructors work with each participant to fit the program to their individual needs. The instructors are trained in the elements of cancer, post rehab exercise and supportive cancer care.
To learn more about the program and the positive impact it has on participants, watch the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA video.


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September 23, 2016 nuTonomy and Grab Launch Partnership to Expand Public Trial of On-Demand Self-Driving Car Service in Singapore
Grab app allows select commuters to book and ride in nuTonomy cars Partnership to research end-to-end user experience from hailing to drop-off Singapore, 23 September 2016 – nuTonomy, the leading developer of state-of-the-art software for self-driving cars, and Grab, Southeast Asia's leading ride-hailing app, today announced a partnership to expand nuTonomy's ongoing public trial of […] Know More
September 20, 2016 Grab raises US$750 million in equity financing; increases total capital position to over US$1 billion
Round led by SoftBank with participation from new and existing investors Grab, the leading ride-hailing platform in Southeast Asia, has raised US$750 million in equity financing, increasing its total capital position to over US$1 billion. With this transaction, Grab becomes the best capitalized technology startup and mobile internet company in Southeast Asia. SoftBank, a long-term […] Know More
August 8, 2016 Start your Pokémon journey with Grab!
Pokémon Go has finally arrived on our little red dot last Saturday and we're as excited as you are in completing our Pokédex! We, at Grab, have thrown in our hearts, caps, badges and Pokéballs together with a group of fans to share with you a Pokémon Go map of Singapore! Here's what you will […] Know More
July 22, 2016 Grab and Lippo Group Strike Payments Partnership
– Leading Southeast Asian tech companies partner to implement universal payments platform – Payments platform to be integrated with popular Grab app as mobile wallet option to enable easy daily transactions on mobile – Partnership extends Grab's reach beyond transport; Users will be able to use Grab app to pay for Grab rides and services […] Know More
July 21, 2016 Ride Free This Friday with GrabHitch!
Take the front seat this Friday and hitch a ride. Singapore, 21 July 2016 – If you've always wanted to hitch a ride, here's your chance! Available for one day only, GrabHitch passengers will be able to take the front seat and ride for free island-wide this Friday (22nd July), from 12.00am to 11:59pm. Each […] Know More


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Brutal beginning burns Josh Beckett badly
Credit: Faith Ninivaggi
The first pitch Josh Beckett threw last night, a 92 mph fastball, Derek Jeter lined to center field.
It was a sign of things to come.
The single started a first inning that went from bad to worse as Beckett let up five runs on four hits, a walk and a hit batsman. And though it got better — Beckett cruised through the third and fourth, and squeaked by in the fifth — in the end, the right-hander gave up six earned runs as the Red Sox lost to the Yankees, 10-8.
"I was really struggling. I think in the first inning, I just wanted to throw a strike. I didn't care where they hit it," Beckett said. "I was just battling myself with that."
After an offseason that was marred by talk of a Beckett-led pitching staff drinking beer and eating fried chicken in the clubhouse, one might expect the 12-year veteran to come out with a vengeance this season. But that hasn't quite been the case.
Though Beckett hasn't been awful, he hasn't shown the dominance that we've seen in years past. At the midpoint of the season Beckett is 4-7 with a 4.43 ERA, and last night wasn't a step in the right direction.
After Beckett let Jeter reach, Curtis Granderson singled, Alex Rodriguez got hit by a pitch, and Robinson Cano walked on five pitches with the bases loaded. Mark Teixeira singled to drive in two runs, and Nick Swisher and Eric Chavez each hit sacrifice flies to add two more.
Even after the Red Sox tied the game in the bottom of the inning, Beckett gave up the go-ahead run in the second after Granderson, who tripled, was driven in by Rodriguez.
"The first inning, the strike zone was very hard for him to find. I've never seen him like that," manager Bobby Valentine said. "(He) just wasn't getting it in the first inning. It really kind of put us climbing up hill all game."
Toward the end of the second inning, Beckett started to settle down. He struck out four in a row, including the side in the third. He got a big double play to end the fourth, and by the time the fifth was over, he had only thrown 90 pitches. But it was too little, too late.
"I kind of sped up my mechanics there in the middle innings, and at least out of the windup it made a difference; the stretch was pretty tough," Beckett said.
"The guys did a great job today. When you score eight runs, you're supposed to win the game. I just left too many outs out there."


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 22, 2011
|Priority date
|Jul 30, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David H. Hanes
|Original Assignee
|Hewlet-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (6), Classifications (6), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Networking various computers, printers, network-attached storage (NAS) devices, and other types of devices is ubiquitous. Implementing computer networks is becoming popular in small offices and home environments. The NAS device comprises a non-volatile storage medium such as a hard disk drive that is shareable by the various computers on the network. A NAS device has code (e.g., firmware) that is loaded during initialization of the NAS device and executed by a processor in the NAS device to bestow the NAS device with some, or all, of its functionality. The firmware may become unavailable due to, for example, corruption of the firmware itself or a malfunctioning of the hard drive on which the firmware is stored. If the firmware is unavailable, the NAS device is generally unusable.
For a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, computer companies may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to . . . " Also, the term "couple" or "couples" is intended to mean either an indirect, direct, optical or wireless electrical connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections, through an optical electrical connection, or through a wireless electrical connection. The term "system" refers to a combination of one or more components and comprises, for example, a computer, a subsystem within a computer, a network-attached storage device, a subsystem within a network-attached storage device, and a networked combination of one or more network devices.
The embodiments described herein are presented in the context of NAS devices. However, the concepts herein apply to devices other than NAS devices. Examples of such devices to which the disclosed principles apply comprise digital media adapters or other network devices. This scope of this disclosure applies to all such devices, not just NAS devices.
The second non-volatile storage 40 comprises, for example, Flash memory or any form of read-only memory (ROM) such as electrically-erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). The second non-volatile storage 40 may comprise a hard disk drive or CD ROM in some embodiments. The non-volatile storage 40 stores a boot loader (BL) 44 and a subnet value 38. The boot loader 44 comprises code that is executable by the processor 32. During initialization of the NAS 12, the processor 32 begins execution of the boot loader 44. At least one of the functions performed by the boot loader 44 is to load the firmware 36 from the first non-volatile storage 34 into volatile storage 46. In at least some embodiments, volatile storage 46 comprises random access memory (RAM). A copy of firmware 36 is then executed from volatile storage 46.
It is possible that the firmware 36 becomes corrupted or that the non-volatile storage 34 on which the firmware 36 is stored becomes non-operative. In either case, the firmware 36 is not available for execution by the processor 32. The firmware 36 being unavailable for execution renders the NAS device 12 partially or entirely inoperative. In accordance with various embodiments, the boot loader 44 determines whether firmware 36 is available to be executed. If the boot loader determines that firmware 36 is not available to be executed, the boot loader 44 causes the processor to determine a location across a network to retrieve a copy of a firmware image to replace the unavailable firmware 36. The process is "automatic" in some embodiments, meaning that no user involvement is required. In some embodiments, the location across the network at which a copy of replacement firmware image is found may be at a location across the LAN 15 or WAN 20. The example of
The boot loader 44 determines whether the firmware 36 is available in accordance with any suitable technique. In at least one embodiment, the boot loader 44 computes a checksum or hash of the firmware 36 and compares the computed value to a pre-stored value (a checksum or hash previously computed based on known good version of the firmware 36). If the values do not match (the newly computed checksum/hash and the previously pre-stored value), the firmware 36 is determined to be corrupted and thus unavailable for execution. Also or alternatively, the boot loader 44 may experience an error accessing the non-volatile storage 34 which may be indicative of an error with the non-volatile storage 34 itself. Further still, if the non-volatile storage 34 is new (e.g., the user replaced a defective non-volatile storage 34 with a new storage unit), the new non-volatile storage 34 may not have any firmware 36. The boot loader 44 detects the absence of firmware 36 and thus determines firmware 36 to be unavailable for execution.
In various embodiments, the replacement firmware copy (also referred to as an "image") located on the network may be a copy that is identical to the currently firmware 36 on the NAS. In other embodiments, the replacement firmware copy is not identical but is sufficient, at any rate, to enable the NAS device 12 to operate correctly. Once a replacement firmware copy is located and transmitted to the NAS device 12, the replacement firmware copy is loaded into non-volatile storage 34, and the NAS device is re-booted. Re-booting the NAS device 12 causes the boot loader 44 to load and begin execution of the newly replaced firmware.
In some embodiments, the boot loader 44 overwrites the current firmware 36, which may be corrupted, with the replacement firmware retrieved over the network. In other embodiments, the non-volatile storage 34 may be inoperative, and a user thus removes and replaces the non-volatile storage 34. The newly installed non-volatile storage 34 may not contain a firmware image 36 at all. In such embodiments, the boot loader 34 determines that no firmware 36 is present (i.e., firmware is unavailable for execution), retrieves a new copy of suitable firmware for execution on the NAS device 12, stores the retrieved firmware on the newly installed non-volatile storage 34, and re-boots the NAS 12 to thereby cause the newly loaded firmware to be executed.
In various embodiments, the boot loader 44 accesses (e.g., is encoded with or otherwise retrieves from any of the storages 34, 40, or 46) an identifying value that identifies the NAS 12 or its firmware 36. Examples of such a value comprise a serial number of the NAS device 12, a model number of the NAS 12, a revision identifier of the firmware 36, etc. The boot loader 44 uses this identifying value to locate a suitable replacement firmware copy on the network. Locations on the network (e.g., websites) store and make available one or more firmware copies to boot loaders 44 of NAS devices 12. Each firmware copy at such network locations also has an identifying value associated therewith that is indicative of the NAS device 12 or NAS device firmware 36 for which that firmware copy is suitable. In some embodiments, the boot loader 44 compares the NAS device's identifying value to the identifying value of the various firmware copies on the network and retrieves the firmware copy for which the identifying values match. In other embodiments, the boot loader submits a request to the network location for a firmware image that is suitable for use with the NAS device's identifying value (i.e., the NAS device's identifying value is part of the request by the boot loader 44). The network location (e.g., server 16) transmits back to the NAS device 12 the firmware image 18 whose identifying value matches the identifying value provided by the NAS device 12.
Because the firmware 36 of the NAS device 12 may be unavailable for execution, it is possible that the NAS device 12 will not have an assigned internet protocol (IP) address by the time that the boot loader 44 attempts to locate a replacement firmware image on the network. Without an IP address, communications over the network are difficult, if not impossible. In some embodiments, the boot loader 44 uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to allocate an IP address to the NAS device 12.
In other embodiments, the NAS device 12 comprises a subnet value 48 which is stored in the non-volatile storage 40. The subnet value 38 stored in the non-volatile storage 40 comprise the NAS device's last known subnet value (i.e., the subnet value last used by the NAS device in its operative state). For example, if the NAS device's most recently assigned IP address is "192.168.0.100," the subnet value is "198.168.0." In this example and for purposes of this disclosure, the ending '100" is referred to as an "extension." The NAS device's IP address may be static, in which case the IP address does not change, or dynamic, in which case the IP address changes over time (e.g., each time the NAS device initializes and connects to the network). Each time that the IP address changes for the NAS device 12, it is the extension that changes, not the subnet value. For example, the next time an IP address is assigned to the NAS device 12, the extension may change to "2," resulting in an IP address of "192.168.0.2."
In various embodiments, before the NAS device's boot loader 44 can access the network (e.g., server 16 across WAN 20), the boot loader 44 generates a suitable IP address for use by the NAS device 12 for use in retrieving a replacement firmware image on the network. The IP address generated by the boot loader 44 should be an IP address not already in use by another device on the network. In at least some embodiments, the boot loader 44 retrieves the subnet value 38 (which comprises some, but not all, of a suitable IP address for the NAS device 12), and tries different extensions until an extension is found that results in an IP address not already in use by another device. Continuing with the example above, the boot loader may initially try "192.168.0.1" (extension of "1") as an IP address. The boot loader 44 will broadcast a "ping" message using that IP address. If the boot loader 44 receives a response, which would occur if another device is already assigned IP address 192.168.0.1, then the boot loader 44 determines that 192.168.0.1 is not a suitable IP address for the NAS device 12 to use. The boot loader then increments the extension to "2" to generate a second IP address of 192.168.0.2 and again broadcasts a ping message, this time using 192.168.0.2 as its IP address. If the boot loader 44 again receives a response, then the boot loader 44 determines that 192.168.0.2 is not a suitable IP address for the NAS device 12 to use. The boot loader 44 repeats this process, each time incrementing the IP address extension until an IP address is found for which no response to a ping message is received. The boot loader 44 uses that IP address in its attempt to locate a replacement firmware image from the network.
The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present invention. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 5, 2010
|Dec 17, 2013
|Power-One Italy S.P.A.
|Method and apparatus for reprogramming applications in embedded devices
|Apr 8, 2013
|Feb 9, 2016
|Asmedia Technology Inc.
|System-on-chip and booting method thereof
|Sep 16, 2010
|Vivotek Inc.
|System recovery method and embedded system with automatic recovery function
|Apr 5, 2010
|Oct 7, 2010
|Davide Tazzari
|Method and apparatus for reprogramming applications in embedded devices
|Apr 8, 2013
|Oct 10, 2013
|Asmedia Technology Inc.
|System-on-chip and booting method thereof
|Mar 28, 2014
|Oct 1, 2015
|Nitin V. Sarangdhar
|In-system provisioning of firmware for a hardware platform
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 15, 2007
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HANES, DAVID H.;REEL/FRAME:019701/0279
Effective date: 20070730
|Oct 23, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 17, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4