text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 2, 1978
|Filing date
|Jul 22, 1977
|Priority date
|May 7, 1976
|Publication number
|Kai Aage Hansen
|Original Assignee
|Kai Aage Hansen
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (75), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 684,240 filed May 7, 1976 now abandoned and entitled "INDICATOR FOR USE IN SELECTION OF BACTERICIDAL AND BACTERISTATIC DRUGS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME".
The present invention relates to apparatus, in the form of portable strips, for indicating the effectiveness of various antibiotics in treating selected microorganisms being tested, and thus permitting selection of the most effective antibiotics. The invention also relates to a novel method of producing such strips with a reliability in the manufacturing method heretofore unobtainable, and yet at an economical cost.
In the selection of bactericidal and bacteristatic drugs by a physician or veterinary for treatment of infectious diseases, both speed and safety is often of decisive importance, while reasonable cost of the test equipment is also an important consideration. In other words, there is a need for means which enables a physician to make such a selection quickly and easily, and in a faultless manner. For this purpose it is not satisfactory to send disease samples or specimens to a distant laboratory for cultivation by the usual methods. Aside from the time involved, it is often difficult, if not impossible to collect and deliver to the laboratory a sample which is not contaminated by irrelevant bacteria or fungi, even if the laboratory is nearby or in the same premises.
It is known to provide glass or plastic vessels which are subdivided into a plurality of partitions within each of which is cast a characteristic nutrient substrate, which, upon cultivation by body temperature, may provide guidance as to the types of bacteria which will breed in the particular substrate.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,509,026 there is disclosed a liquid impermeable mounting strip to which are fastened a number of water-absorbent discs, for example discs fabricated of open-celled polyurethane foam. Each of the discs is saturated with a mixture of a nutrient substrate and a bactericidal or bacteristatic drug, with succeeding discs having a different content of drug either with respect to concentration or to type of drug. The aforementioned mounting strip, which supports impregnated discs of the type described, is secured to a somewhat wider strip in such a manner that the wider strip and the discs are placed on opposite surfaces of the mounting strip. The wider strip is perforated along its edges for automatically transporting the discs at a predetermined speed through an apparatus which not only serves as a growth chamber, but also is equipped for photometric measurement of the degree of cultivation.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,247, there is described a diagnostic strip made of a highly absorbent or bibulous paper in which reagents are applied in selected areas by rollers, and moisture barriers are formed between these areas by applying successive layers of a specific liquid formulation to the paper strip by rollers. In this process, however, a suspension of unknown bacteria in saliva is separately incubated and subsequently applied to the paper strip, whereupon a color change in the impregnated reagent serves to identify the bacteria. Further, in accordance with the present invention, the test strip provided is made of a material which is sensitive to heat and/or pressure in such a manner that in the manufacture of the strips, the application of heat and/or pressure thereto will itself form sealed moisture barriers to prevent migration between test zones, without the necessity of adding any separate moisture sealing materials.
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,904,474 there is disclosed a bacteriological test strip of absorbent and swellable paper coated with a nutrient medium and a dye indicator. When a specimen is applied to the surface of the strip, the growth of bacteria colonies are shown by discoloration of the dye indicator and the presence of the bacteria can be determined quantitatively by the number of colored dots appearing on the strip.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,127,281 shows a strip of bibulous material impregnated by rollers with two or more different test reagents separated by liquid-impermeable barrier lines. The strip is dipped into a liquid to be tested, and the impregnated reagents change color by chemical reaction to indicate the presence of substances in the liquid being tested. No bacteriological growth is produced.
A drawback of conventional indicator means of the aforementioned types is that the fabrication and use thereof is not particularly simple. In addition, the apparatus requires more space than is desirable, and where the apparatus operates by providing photometric measurement of the microorganism growth, not only is a rather complicated technique required, but the physician must resort to a subjective estimate of the type of bactericidal or bacteristatic drug which, according to the result of cultivation, would be most effective for combatting the seeded microbes or fungi. This difficulty results from the fact that the growth of the seeded microorganisms is not observed directly, but only indirectly through reagents which change color or fluoresce as a result of chemical action of the cultivation process.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an indicator to be used for selection of bactericidal or bacteristatic drugs, the effectiveness of which drugs, for the treatment of a particular patient, is determined solely by direct inspection of the degree and nature of growth of seeded bacterial colonies.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a method for the fabrication of an indicator of the type described in an economical manner and yet with the indicator being capable of rapid and reliable use by a physician during the course of his ordinary daily practice without requiring any special laboratory equipment.
A further object of the invention is the provision of an indicator of the character described which may be manufactured economically by mass production techniques in which a number of bactericidal and bacteristatic drugs mixed with a nutrition substrate are applied in spaced areas to a surface of an elongated carrier by conventioned printing methods, and migration barriers are provided between these spaced areas during the manufacture of the indicator by the application of heated or pressure rollers to the surface of the carrier.
In accordance with the invention there is provided an indicator for use in the selection of bactericidal and bacteristatic drugs, which indicator comprises a solid elongated carrier sheet having an upper layer with a porour front surface and a moisture-tight backing. The upper layer has interconnected passages which are pervious to moisture and have a material consistency adapted to having its passages closed solely by application of heat or pressure thereto. A plurality of testing coatings are arranged on the front surface of said carrier in the form of spaced stripes extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of said carrier sheet. One of said coating stripes consists only of a nutrition substrate for bacteria and constitutes a comparison stripe. The other coating stripes constitute a mixture of a nutrition substrate and a different bactericidal or bacteristatic drug. The carrier sheet comprises a continuous length of adsorbent or absorbent sheet material with the porous front surface thereof serving as an integral mechanical carrier for the testing coatings.
A moisture barrier band is provided between each adjacent pair of coating stripes by the application of heat or pressure to the front surface of the carrier sheet and without application of any additional moisture-sealing material.
The carrier sheet is adapted to be separated transversely at even intervals into small transverse panels, each containing said coating strips, and in a preferred embodiment the carrier sheet is provided with evenly-spaced separation lines extending transversely thereof and perpendicular to the coating stripes for such separation into individual panels. The coating stripe sections on said panels, when impregnated by a testing specimen, serve as individual bacteria culture media, whereby differences in bacteria colonization between the comparison stripe and the other coating stripes may be ascertained by direct visual observation.
The aforementioned indicator is used by a physician in order to determine which particular drug on the carrier is most effective in treating the particular strain of microorganism with which the patient being testing is infected. The physician obtains a sample of phlegm or other liquid specimen containing the microorganism from the patient, and with a swab or the like applies a smear of the infected sample across the indicator strip, in such a manner to insure that the smear contacts all of the stripes containing the bactericidal and basteristatic drugs as well as the neutral, comparison nutrition substrate. After such seeding of the disease microorganism, the physician may directly observe the degree of growth of the seeded colonies on each stripe, and by the absence of growth at particular stripes, can determine which of the drugs is most effective in destroying the particular microorganism.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the course of the following specification when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an indicator strip made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a top plan view, on an enlarged scale, of an indicator panel cut transversely from the strip of FIG. 1 and ready for use.
Referring in detail to the drawings, there is shown an indicator 10 which in its preferred form comprises an elongated body 12 of porous material. The body 12 has parallel longitudinal edges 14 and 16, an upper surface 18 and a lower surface 20. The upper surface 18 is capable of absorbing water, while the lower surface 20 is liquid impermeable. Applied directly on the upper surface 18 of the indicator body 12 are a plurality of spaced longitudinally-extending stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, each of which contains a nutrition substrate, and all but one of which contains a selected bactericidal or bacteristatic drug mixed with the substrate. Moisture barriers are provided between said stripes, in a manner to be presently described, to prevent migration of liquid therebetween.
The indicator body 12 may be advantageously made of a plastic foam which is thermoplastic and/or pressure sensitive and which has the advantage of providing a very strong carrier which may be packaged in a sterile package which may be opened for removal of the indicator without damage immediately before the testing steps of infection and incubation of a specimen on the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28. As one example, polyurethane foam is particularly suitable for fabrication of the indicator body 12, since this type of plastic foam may be easily processed by well-known methods, such as by cutting with a razor or sharp knife, to provide open cells on at least parts of the upper surface 18 and closed cells on the lower surface 20, so that the upper surface and upper layer of the indicator body are porous and water absorbent and the lower surface is impervious to water. The lower surface may be made water impervious by casting it or extruding it against a polished surface. As an alternative, the lower surface 20 may be covered by a thin polyurethane membrane which is not cellular, to render the lower surface water-proof. The use of polyurethane foam is also advantageous in that open-celled polyurethane foam has especially good absorbing properties, can withstand widely varying temperatures ranging from deep-freezing temperatures to temperatures of sterilization, and further provides an indicator body of very light weight which is economical in manufacture.
The indicator body 12 may also be made of other suitable foam plastic materials or of a paper material such as filter paper which is high absorbent. In this instance, the pulp of the paper is impregnated at the paper mill with, for example, a homogenously-dispersed plastic resin, to permit sealed moisture barrier lines to be applied thereon by heat or pressure rollers. In such instances, where the entire indicator body is porous and water absorbable, the lower surface 20 thereof may be rendered water impervious by adhering, laminating or sealing thereto a layer 30 of moisture-proof foil, plastic of other material, as shown by way of example, in FIG. 2.
Whether the indicator body 12 is made of pulp-impregnated filter paper or plastic foam, it is preferred that the body 12 be sufficiently flexible so that the indicator strip 10 may be made in a very long length and wound upon a supply spool for feeding the indicator body strip continuously to the apparatus which applies the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 in accordance with the manufacturing process to be presently described. An indicator body 12 made of a foam plastic is easily made sufficiently thin to afford such flexibility, without sacrificing the required structural strength.
The stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 are applied to the porous upper surface 19 of the indicator body 12 in spaced lines which run parallel to the longitudinal edges 14, 16 of the body 12. The structure of the indicator body makes possible the application of the stripes by printing or coating directly on the upper surface of the indicator body utilizing the techniques and apparatus well known in the printing or coating fields.
One of the stripes, for example the stripe 22 constitutes a comparison stripe and contains only a nutrition substrate, for example a substrate consisting of broth, gelatine, agar or the like, which is selected as a suitable culture medium for growth of the suspected microorganism to be tested. Each of the other stripes 24, 26 and 28 consists of a mixture of this same nutrition substrate with a different bactericidal or bacteristatic drug which is known to destroy or retard the growth of the particular microorganism being tested.
The invention herein contemplates a method of manufacture of the indicator 10 by imprinting the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 simultaneously and continuously in a mass production operation utilizing relief printing machines, rotogravure printing machines, or the like since these methods, developed over generations in other fields, are especially suited to the mass production operation of coating a length of carrier material with a printed film of predetermined depth. Where paper or a porous plastic foam which is absorbent is used as the constituent material of the indicator strip, the strip is capable of absorbing or retaining the substrate, drugs and any necessary supplementary substances to whatever volume is required. If there is a need to apply drugs to the carrier material in a relatively thick layer, a rapid and uniform application of the drugs as thick stripes may be achieved by following the processes and utilizing the automatic equipment conventionally employed in the industrial application of glues or other viscous coatings to planar surfaces.
The application of the stripes to the upper surface of the indicator body 12 by printing or coating machines may be performed in a sterile environment to prevent undesirable pre-contamination of the indicator. In such an environment, a long length of the indicator body strip 12 is supported in wound-up condition on a supply spool or spindle and fed through the printing or coating apparatus for application of the stripes, from which the length of strip may either be wound on a take-up reel or cut into transverse panels of suitable size and packaged while still in sterile condition.
The separated indicators, which may be single panels 34, or a series of joined panels, are individually packaged in sealed containers while still in the sterile room or enclosure within which the printing process is performed. This aspetic method of manufacture has the advantage of insuring the sterility of the applicator and avoiding the necessity for subsequent sterilization of the indicator just before its use for testing, which sterilization process might well effect the reliability of the indicator. The containers in which the indicators are packaged may be sealed plastic envelopes, for example, or may simply be two sheets of film sealed along their edges. In any event, it is preferable that the container be of the type which is easily opened and which can be reclosed. Thus, where a section of joined panels is packaged, the container can be opened by the physician who separates and uses a single panel and replaces and reseals the remaining section for later use.
As shown in FIG. 1, the strip body 12 may be formed with separation grooves 32 extending transversely across the body 12, that is in a direction perpendicular to the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, and evenly spaced along the length of the strip body 12. Particularly where the strip body 12 is made of foam plastic, these separation grooves 32 may be employed to permit the strip body 12 to be easily divided into small transverse panels, each containing segments of the entire series of stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, thereon. FIG. 3 illustrates a transverse panel 34 formed by separating the elongated indicator 10 of FIG. 1 along adjacent score lines 32. In manufacture, the printed or coated elongated indicator strip 10 may be separated into individual transverse panels 34 along each of the separation grooves and the panels 34 then individually sealed in sterile packages for subsequent distribution. Alternatively, the elongated indicator 10 may be cut apart in sections at each sixth, tenth or twelfth separation groove 32, for example, in order to produce a strip section containing a reasonably small number of panels 34 interconnected by the respective separation grooves 32. These strip sections may be individually packaged and supplied to physicians, who, after opening the package, may separate the sections into individual panels simply by tearing or breaking them apart at the separation grooves just prior to using them for testing.
In use of the applicator 10 for testing, the physician would normally saturate the porous upper surface of a single panel 34, or a small group of connected panels, with a specimen taken from the patient and containing the selected microorganism. A smear of the specimen may be easily applied across the surface of the panel 34 by means of a swab or the like, taking care that the smear makes even contact with all of the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, and after a suitable period, cultivation results may be observed. By examining the growth of the microorganism colony along the comparison stripe 22 which contains only the nutrient substrate, and comparing the growths or lack of growth along the other stripes 24, 26 and 28, the physician can visually determine which of the drugs contained in the latter stripes is the most effective for treating the patient infected by the tested strain of microorganism.
It will be observed in FIGS. 1 and 3 that the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 are spaced apart from each other and separated by respective linear bands or stripes 36, 38 and 40. An important feature of the invention herein is the manner in which the areas of the porous upper layer of the indicator body in the vicinity of these bands 36, 38 and 40 are made into moisture barriers to prevent migration of the coated drugs from one stripe to another. Since the indicator body 12 is made of a material which is heat sensitive or pressure sensitive, or both, during the processing of the indicator by the printing methods, as described above, the moisture barriers may be applied by the application of heat and/or pressure to the indicator body during such processing. Thus, where the indicator body 12 is fed through a machine for the printing of the testing stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 thereon by rollers, for example, the same machinery may incorporate pressure rollers, heated rollers or heated pressure rollers for providing moisture barriers in the bands 36, 38 and 40 between the stripes. The formation of these moisture barriers may be done simultaneously with the application of the printed testing stripes on the indicator body, or in a separate run. In either event, effective moisture barriers are formed in an economical, mass produced manner without the necessity for adding additional barrier-forming materials to the indicator.
Where the indicator body 12 is made of foam plastic such as polyurethane foam having open cells, the application thereto along the linear bands 36, 38 and 40, of rollers or discs which are heated and/or under pressure, will cause the open cells therebeneath to close and become moisture-tight. Thus, an effective migration barrier is formed along the entire extent of said bands to insure that the coated drugs will not migrate between the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, even where the indicator body 12 is made fully or partly porous or penetratable. In this manner, the readily soluble bactericidal or bacteristatic drugs are prevented from leaking out to areas outside of their original placement, and a most precise visual analysis of the reactions on the indicator can be made.
Where the indicator body 12 is made of a porous paper with its pulp impregnated with a heat sensitive and/or pressure sensitive binder such as plastic or a resin, the application of heat and/or pressure by rollers in the manner described above, will cause the pulp fibres to compress or adhere, forming moisture barriers in the applied areas.
The barrier-forming rollers are preferably shaped to make depressions in the indicator body 12, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 3. FIG. 2 shows, for example, a shallow rectangular groove 42 in each of the separation bands 36, 38 and 40. These grooves 42 may be made as deep as is practical, avoiding undue structural weakening, and may optionally be made in a variety of other configurations, such as with V-shaped, U-shaped cross-sections. The depressions 42 are made by the heated or pressure rollers or discs, and the indicator body in the vicinity of the depressions is compressed or fused to provide the migration barrier. It will be appreciated that, advantageously, the migration barriers need be formed only on the front, porous surface of the indicator body 12, since migration the opposite rear side is prevented by the moisture-tight backing thereon.
In a similar manner, to prevent migration or creeping of the drugs from one panel 34 to another, when said panels in joined condition are employed for simultaneous testing, the separation grooves 32 may be made wide and in the V-shaped form shown in FIG. 1.
It is desirable to identify the drug or substrate content of each of the stripes by imprinting a coded symbol, color spot, drug name or other indicia on the surface of the indicator 10 adjacent to or upon each of the stripes 24, 26, and 28. FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a plurality of color coded symbols 44 printed on the upper surface of the indicator body 12 adjacent the respective stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28, with each symbol 44 being of a different selected color in order to identify the content of its associated stripe. Some of these symbols 44 are printed on the barrier bands 36, 38 and 40. As a practical matter, since the indicator body 12 is provided with a smooth water-impermeable lower surface 20, this lower surface is particularly adapted to receive this printed matter, and the symbols 44 may be printed on this lower surface beneath the associated stripe on the upper surface 18. The color coded symbols or other identification markings may be printed by the same machines and at the same time that the stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28 are imprinted on the indicators, so that the identification markings are applied in a fool-proof manner without the possibility of marking the stripes incorrectly. In addition, the lower surface of the indicator provides a ready and convenient location for the printing of instructions in the use of the applicator, or other informational material.
In the drawings, the indicator 10 is shown, by way of illustration, as having four spaced stripes 22, 24, 26 and 28. It will be appreciated, however, that the indicator may be made of such width as to receive a greater number of stripes. For the testing of certain microorganisms, it would not be unusual to imprint twelve or more stripes, each containing a different antibiotic or drug. In addition, it is to be understood that the indicator may be manufactured in the form of a wide sheet rather than the relatively narrow strip shown in FIG. 1. These sheets may be imprinted, in one printing operation, with a plurality of spaced groups of stripes, and, after imprinting, the sheets may be severed or otherwise divided between these groups of stripes to produce a plurality of elongated testing strips of the type shown in FIG. 1.
The manufacturing process of the invention will be further appreciated by reference to the following examples:
In a closed sterile room preferably with transparent walls or windows, a supply reel or spindle is mounted. On the reel or spindle is wound a roll or carrier material made, for example, of sterilized filter paper in which the pulp has been impregnated with a plastic or resin at the paper mill, and which is provided with a water-impervious backing. Alternatively, the carrier material may be a layer of plastic foam having open cells at its front surface, and on its rear surface either closed cells or a backing of liquid impermeable paper or plastic film.
In the sterile atmosphere the roll of carrier material in unwound, and during such unwinding the front of the carrier material is covered with a number of bactericidal or bacteristatic drugs in the form of spaced-apart longitudinally-extending stripes by coating methods well known in the printing and graphics industry, industrial application of glues and the like. In the linear bands or spaces separating the stripes sealed longitudinally-extending migration barriers are applied by heated or pressure rollers or discs.
When the applied drugs have dried, the length of carrier is imprinted at short intervals with identification signs on or adjacent to each stripe of drug, either on the front or the rear surface of the carrier, and transverse separation lines are impressed to permit the carrier to be divided into individual test strips. While still in the closed room, the coated and imprinted length of carrier material is then led through a cutting machine which cuts up the length into sections, the cuts being applied transversely to the longitudinal axis of the length of carrier material, and each severed section is individually inserted into a sterile re-closable container, and the latter is then sealed. The filled containers are then led through a sterile lock to a machine which packages the containers in larger boxes or other containers for hospital use or for wholesale distribution.
The fabrication of the indicators is performed in the same manner as described in Example 1, but in this instance the carrier strips are fabricated by the dozens in the form of sheets with spaced sets or groups of drug and culture stripes printed thereon, and with separation grooves or perforations located between the respective sets.
The full sheet is vacuum packed in a sterile container comprising an envelope or two sheets sealed together at their edges, and the front covering film of the container, or both the front and rear covering films are provided with weakened or separation lines registering with the separation grooves on the indicator sheet. After distribution in this form, the user can separate the packed sheet as desired into individual indicator strips, without removing the remainder of the sheet from the package.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it is obvious that numerous additions, changes and omissions may be made in such embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Devices for carrying out a plurality of microbiological tests
|Aug 19, 1993
|Jun 7, 1995
|Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd.
|Chemical and microbial test device
|Nov 22, 2002
|Jun 19, 2003
|Sartorius Ag
|Microarray device
|Nov 22, 2002
|Oct 23, 2003
|Stefan Fischer-Fruehholz
|Microarray device
|U.S. Classification
|435/33, 435/805, 422/424, 422/547
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
This issue of The Wolfpacker Express previews NC State basketball's attempt to sweep its season series with North Carolina in Chapel Hill. It also features more men's and women's basketball news, a look at senior sharpshooter Scott Wood, recruiting and Olympic sports news, a glimpse at Wolfpackers in the pros, and an exclusive column from Tim Peeler.
About The Author
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The Wolfpacker has been America's foremost authority on NC State football for over a quarter century.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Beyond the Ivy: The story of every club NOT called the Cubs
ESPN investigators have uncovered the shocking news that 29 other teams did in fact play a regular season this year. We expose one key plotline for each of them.
Top Headlines
- Controversial ending allows Cards walk-off win
- Fernandez's passion, joy remembered at funeral
- Cubs' wires cross over midgame catcher swap
- Yanks salute Ortiz: 'There were no boos out there'


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PL/SQL : Collections, Associative arrays, Nested tables, Varray & Collection methods
Associative arrays
Associative arrays are analogous to conventional arrays or lists which can be defined within a PL/SQL program only. Neither the array structure nor the data can be stored in the database. It can hold the elements of a similar type in a key-value structure without any upper bound to the array. Each cell of the array is distinguished by its subscript, index, or cell number. The index can be a number or a string.
Associative arrays were first introduced in Oracle 7 release as PL/SQL tables to signify its usage within the scope of a PL/SQL block. Oracle 8 release identified the PL/SQL table as Index by table due to its structure as an index-value pair. Oracle 10g release recognized the behavior of index by tables as arrays so as to rename it as associative arrays due to association of an index with an array.
The following diagram explains the physical lookup structure of an associative array:
Associative arrays follow the following syntax for declaration in a PL/SQL declare block:
In the preceding syntax, the index type signifies the data type of the array subscript. RAW, NUMBER,LONG-RAW, ROWID, and CHAR are the unsupported index data types. The suited index types areBINARY_INTEGER, PLS_INTEGER, POSITIVE, NATURAL, SIGNTYPE, or VARCHAR2.
The element's data type can be one of the following:
- PL/SQL scalar data type: NUMBER (along with its subtypes), VARCHAR2 (and its subtypes), DATE, BLOB, CLOB, or BOOLEAN
- Inferred data: The data type inherited from a table column, cursor expression or predefined package variable
- User-defined type: A user defined object type or collection type
For illustration, the following are the valid conditions of the associative array in a PL/SQL block:
/*Array of CLOB data*/ TYPE clob_t IS TABLE OF CLOB INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER; /*Array of employee ids indexed by the employee names*/ TYPE empno_t IS TABLE OF employees.empno%TYPE NOT NULL INDEX BY employees.ename%type;
/*Array of CLOB data*/ TYPE clob_t IS TABLE OF CLOB INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER; /*Array of employee ids indexed by the employee names*/ TYPE empno_t IS TABLE OF employees.empno%TYPE NOT NULL INDEX BY employees.ename%type;
The following PL/SQL program declares an associative array type in a PL/ SQL block. Note that the subscript of the array is of a string type and it stores the number of days in a quarter. This code demonstrates the declaration of an array and assignment of the element in each cell and printing them. Note that the program uses the FIRST and NEXT collection methods to display the array elements. The collection methods would be covered in detail in the PL/SQL collection methods section:
/*Enable the SERVEROUTPUT on to display the output*/ SET SERVEROUTPUT ON /*Start the PL/SQL block*/ DECLARE /*Declare a collection type associative array and its variable*/ TYPE string_asc_arr_t IS TABLE OF NUMBER INDEX BY VARCHAR2(10); l_str string_asc_arr_t; l_idx VARCHAR2(50); BEGIN /*Assign the total count of days in each quarter against each cell*/ l_str ('JAN-MAR') := 90; l_str ('APR-JUN') := 91; l_str ('JUL-SEP') := 92; l_str ('OCT-DEC') := 93; l_idx := l_str.FIRST; WHILE (l_idx IS NOT NULL) LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Value at index '||l_idx||' is '||l_str(l_ idx)); l_idx := l_str.NEXT(l_idx); END LOOP; END; / Value at index APR-JUN is 91 Value at index JAN-MAR is 90 Value at index JUL-SEP is 92 Value at index OCT-DEC is 93 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
In the preceding block, note the string indexed array. A string indexed array considerably improves the performance by using indexed organization of array values. In the last block, we noticed the explicit assignment of data.
In the following program, we will try to populate the array automatically in the program. The following PL/SQL block declares an associative array to hold the ASCII values of number 1 to 100:
/*Enable the SERVEROUTPUT on to display the output*/ SET SERVEROUTPUT ON /*Start the PL/SQL Block*/ DECLARE /*Declare an array of string indexed by numeric subscripts*/ TYPE ASCII_VALUE_T IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(12) INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER; L_GET_ASCII ASCII_VALUE_T; BEGIN /*Insert the values through a FOR loop*/ FOR I IN 1..100 LOOP L_GET_ASCII(I) := ASCII(I); END LOOP; /*Display the values randomly*/ DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(L_GET_ASCII(5)); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(L_GET_ASCII(15)); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(L_GET_ASCII(75)); END; / 53 49 55 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
The salient features of associative arrays are as follows:
- An associative array can exist as a sparse or empty collection
- Being a non-persistent collection, it cannot participate in DML transactions
- It can be passed as arguments to other local subprograms within the same block
- Sorting of an associative array depends on the NLS_SORT parameter
- An associative array declared in package specification behaves as a session-persistent array


text:
Turn your village bistro into an extremely successful restaurant! Your customers crave fresh turkey for dinner. Dad is in charge of cleaning the turkey and preparing it for the grill. Mom will perform the actual cooking. Bring delicious food to the tables quickly to score!
Village Bistro is one of our selected Management Games . Also very popular on this website right now are Papa's Cheeseria, Cattle Tycoon, Papa's Burgeria and Shop Empire 3.
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text:
is temples that mirror the mountains
The third of the medieval city-states in the Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur was always described as the best preserved. Tragically, the 2015 earthquake caused terrible devastation, with whole streets of traditional houses lost to the disaster. Only a few temples were destroyed but many traditional buildings that survived the earthquake have since been declared uninhabitable and are now being torn down. The scars of the... Read More
We've pre-picked the best hotels, hostels and bed and breakfasts to make your stay as enjoyable as possible.


text:
- //Home
- //Music
- //The Sirens
Forgive me, I just looked at the back of this album cover and thought it was the cast to Reno 911. Decked out in gold and with the various sneers and stares of glam rockers of the past, the Sirens are pure glam rock for the new millennium. But there is nothing to get your underpants in a twist over, especially judging by "Hellraiser" and the cliché "1234 Rock and Roll" that oozes tight black leather trousers. Think of a cross between Heart and the New York Dolls and songs such as "High School" come to some semblance of life. Too often it's kitsch, though, as "Rock & Roll Preacher" resembles a song that was cut from Grease or The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Another example of this is "Wig Wam Bam", which is probably the one durable ditty. Ziggy Stardust seems to be a staple here, as the band covers "Rock N Roll Suicide" following a decent "Tumble With Me".
- Album player Streaming
Donovan Woods "What They Mean" (video) (premiere) // Music
Stewart Eastham "Leavin' By Sundown" (premiere) // Music
Andre Cymone "Hallelujah" (premiere) // Music
Royal Canoe "Bicycle" (video) (premiere) // Music
Grouplove Celebrate 'Big Mess' Release with Wild NYC Shows (Photos)
// Notes from the Road
"On release day for their latest Big Mess, Grouplove packed Baby's in Brooklyn for a sweaty show.READ the article


text:
Tag results for drake
sort by: relevance | recent
Results from all user's collections (10 out of ~1,121)
Drake039s 039OVO039 Air Jordan 12s Have a Release Date
Posted by complexdm 2 days ago
A drop two years in the making, Drake's "OVO" Air Jordan 12 Retro finally has a confirmed release date.
Drake Performs quotBack To Backquot In Meek Mill039s Hometown Of Philly
Posted by wshh 5 weeks ago
Posted By Ghost
Tory Lanez Says He039s Better Than Drake amp Insinuates That Drake Isn039
Posted by wshh 7 weeks ago
Commentary by DJ Akademiks. Posted by Ghost
French Montana No Shopping ft Drake
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collected by 2 users
Preorder "MC4" on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/MC4 Amazon Digital: http://smarturl.it/MC4_Dig "No Shopping" feat. Drake on Spotify:...
Joe Budden Releases New Drake Diss 039Wake039
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A week after going after Drake on "Making a Murderer (Part 1)," Joe Budden is once again putting Drake in the crosshairs with "Wake.&qu...
Drake Plays 039Never Have I Ever039 amp Gets Scared Shtless
Posted by complexdm 19 weeks ago
Drake stopped by the Ellen Degeneres Show to talk everything from Rihanna, to his love-life on tour.
Drake Interview With Nardwuar New Video
Posted by wshh 20 weeks ago
Nardwuar vs. Drake (2016) Posted by Jay
Drake WEAREJORDAN Campaign New Video
Posted by wshh 33 weeks ago
Drake shares what it's like to be a Team Jordan member. Posted By Ghost
WEAREJORDAN: Drake
Posted by wshh 33 weeks ago
collected by 2 users
Drake shares what it's like to be a Team Jordan member. #WEAREJORDAN
Drake Believe Me0100 freestyle Flames
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Bravada: Drake Cover
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text:
Apr 26, 2005
TEL AVIV [MENL] -- Israel's military has deployed a U.S.-origin technologyto check visitors and equipment coming from Egypt to the Gaza Strip.
ABU DHABI [MENL] -- The United Arab Emirates has increased itsdefense and military cooperation with Germany.
TEL AVIV [MENL] -- Israel's Tadiran Spectralink has sealed a defensecontract with Brazil's military.


text:
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text:
What's happening?
Talking to government
Public affairs is a way of influencing public debate and political decisions. We engage in public affairs activity to ensure that Government policy reflects the priorities, concerns and aspirations of pharmacists.
We make the case for pharmacy across a range of issues important to pharmacists, communicating policies based on members' views to ensure that the voice of pharmacy is heard at the highest levels.
The Society engages with all relevant stakeholders to build consensus around public policies. We work with royal colleges, membership bodies, patient groups, regulator and other organisations to promote the role of pharmacists
As health policy is devolved, we campaign across the three countries of Great Britain and maintain public affairs teams in England, Scotland and Wales. We also seek to inform policymaking in the institutions of the European Union.
Meet Charles Willis, Head of Public Affairs
Latest political news
23 Sep 2016 -
RPS in Scotland gives evidence to Scottish Parliament Health & Sport Committee
09 Sep 2016 -
RPS in Scotland responds to Health & Sport Committee inquiry on hubs
08 Sep 2016 -
Pharmacy commitments in the Scottish Government's Programme for Government
08 Sep 2016 -
RPS talks medicine prices with Radio 4


text:
"Perfect Great Racers" Make It 39 In A RowIt was 1977 and a few hundred runners toed the starting line what would in time become one of the premiere running events in the nation.
Feds Take Over Regulation Of Self-Driving CarsThe federal government now wants a hand in regulating Uber's self-driving cars and President Obama even weighed in with an op-ed piece in the Post-Gazette.
Stopping Deadly Encounters: Officers Practice De-escalation TechniquesIt's a shoot out -- though not a real one -- between a gunman and police.
Uber Self-Driving Cars Hit The Streets Of PittsburghUber riders in Pittsburgh can get a glimpse of the future by summoning a car capable of handling most of the tasks of driving on its own.
Veteran Pushing For Global War On Terror MemorialAs a captain in the Army, Andrew Brennan flew Black Hawk helicopters in Afghanistan; but back stateside, in Pittsburgh, he is heading another kind of mission.
Boston Marathon Survivor Inspires Crowd In PittsburghHeather Abbott was at the finish line of the Boston Marathon -- on what had been a beautiful sunny day -- when the first bomb went off.
ITT Technical Institute Students Looking For Answers After Campus ClosuresWhen Bill Wenzel came to the ITT Technical Institute at the Pittsburgh Mills Wednesday morning, he found himself locked out.
KDKA Investigates: Families Say Karate Instructor Changed Names, Ripped Them OffA karate instructor, who former clients all across the country accuse of taking their money and then disappearing, has moved into the Pittsburgh area.
Liberty Bridge Fire Burned To 1,200 Degrees, Contractor Taking ResponsibilityWelding sparks flew on Friday, igniting an intense fire that burned to 1,200 degrees and began melting the major support beam of the Liberty Bridge.
Mayor Peduto Proposes Major Engineering Fix For Washington BoulevardUntil now, the focus has been on the flood gates on Washington Boulevard that didn't work; but all agree that even when working properly, they're just a band aid on a bigger problem.
Environmentalists Rushing To Stop Hauling Of Weapons-Grade Nuclear Waste Along Rt. 79Trucks rumble down Route 79 everyday, right past the orchards and country store at Soergel's Farm.
Trombetta Guilty Plea Sparks Cyber School Funding QuestionsPa. Cyber Charter School founder Nick Trombetta's guilty plea may prompt a closer look at the operation of charter schools across the state and cyber charters in particular.


text:
Watch a Charming One-Take Cover of 'Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da'
In a hallway, with lots of people.By Amanda Dobbins
In a hallway, with lots of people.By Amanda Dobbins
Sequins and "dancing."By Willa Paskin
In California, on Saturday.By Amos Barshad
Because it's Canada.By Amos Barshad
It's free.By Amanda Dobbins
Free Radiohead!By Amos Barshad
Hear B.o.B's "No Future"!By Amos Barshad
Also: 'Newsies'!By Amanda Dobbins
Uhoh.By Amos Barshad
Raising Malawi has canceled plans to open a school.By Amos Barshad
This is a safe space.By Amanda Dobbins
"The band promises that the concert will last nearly three hours, with lots of treats and special guests promised."By Amos Barshad
"[We heard] only that the piece was pulled for unspecified editorial reasons."By Amos Barshad
Hear the song.By Amos Barshad
It would be his first-ever No. 1.By Amos Barshad
Dr. Huxtable, ahead of his time.By Amanda Dobbins
Kanye! Elvis! KISS!By Amos Barshad
'Tomboy' is out April 19.By Amanda Dobbins
"I'll paaiiint it."By Amanda Dobbins
Hear "If I Die Today"!By Amos Barshad


text:
BABOR - Cleansing CP Enzyme Cleanser
Direction: Spray 2 to 3 pumps of Mild Cleansing Foam into the palm of your hand and smooth over the face, neck and décolleté. Emulsify thoroughly. Rinse off with plenty of water and follow with Rose Toning Lotion.
Net Weight: 200 ml / 6.75 oz.


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A news-breaking account of the global stock market's subterranean battles, Dark Pools portrays the rise of the "bots" - artificially intelligent systems that execute trades in milliseconds and use the cover of darkness to out-maneuver the humans who've created them.
In the beginning was Josh Levine, an idealistic programming genius who dreamed of wresting control of the market from the big exchanges that, again and again, gave the giant institutions an advantage over the little guy. Levine created a computerized trading hub named Island where small traders swapped stocks, and over time his invention morphed into a global electronic stock market that sent trillions in capital through a vast jungle of fiber-optic cables.
By then, the market that Levine had sought to fix had turned upside down, birthing secretive exchanges called dark pools and a new species of trading machines that could think and that seemed, ominously, to be slipping the control of their human masters.
Dark Pools is the fascinating story of how global markets have been hijacked by trading robots - many so self-directed that humans can't predict what they'll do next.
©2012 Scott Patterson (P)2012 Random House Audio
"Highly recommended reading"
If you want to understand how markets work nowadays, this book is must reading for you....
"Fantastic Book!"
Extremely well researched, written and read!! Thank you Scott and Byron!, listened to it twice
"Contain less technical details than flash boy"
Overall it is a very thoughtful book. Neural and comprehensive. Only dissatisfaction is that the author always put the machine at the opposite side of human being. But in the end, human being develop the algorithm and code the machine. Since there is no truly AI be ache curved so far, the high frequency trading is really just an intensive game between mortals.
"Good, not quite great"
Good details, but not as good as The Quants or Flash Boys or When Genius Failed in terms of the storyline.
"Great book!"
Fantastic research and great storytelling. Lays bare how Wall Street can rip-off average investors. Now what I'd like to see is the sequel.
Say something about yourself!
"Beyond Flash Boys"
If you read Michael Lewis' "Flash Boys" you were introduced to the high frequency trading world. But that book left out a lot of the details and covered none of the history. This book will explain how the current, computer driven stock market came from and fill in the details on how it works. Fascinating and dangerous.
"Great listening"
I really enjoyed this book. It was a good history/overview of how the markets have changed. The content was great and the narration was excellent.
"Very very very good audio book."
Very informative book and definitely a book you have to listen 2 more than once. I just wanted him to discuss the different types of orders and how are they looked that in the process. I feel like he touched on the subject but I would have like more info on routing and order types.
"No ending?"
This didn't really seem to have an ending. It just sort of stopped. The author was overly fond of some phrases - he would use the same phrasing again and again throughout the book, giving it a repetitive feel. I did learn a lot and the author managed to make a very dense, complicated subject understandable, hence the rating I did give.
It was worth listening to once, but never again.
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text:
Movement: A Short Story
by Nancy Fulda
- #10485 in Science Fiction & Fantasy, Science Fiction
- #7200 in Fiction & Literature, Short Stories
- #1967 in Science Fiction & Fantasy, High Tech
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This story was nominated for the 2012 Hugo and Nebula awards.
When her concerned parents investigate a treatment that could change her life forever, Hannah's world is thrown into turmoil. Unable to speak -- at least not in ways most people can understand -- Hannah struggles to face the question of who she really is, and who she wishes to become.
Originally published in the March 2011 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, "Movement" was marked Highly Recommended by Lois Tilton of Locus Reviews. Mundane-SF called it the "best story I have read so far this year", and SFRevu called it "a truly fine story". It is quite short, easily readable during a half-hour lunch break, and interweaves Hannah's sincere narrative with concepts drawn from neurology, entropy, social evolution and chaos theory.
About 17 pages or 4000 words.
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by Nancy Fulda
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by on September 28, 2016
eBook Details
- Nancy Fulda, June 2015
- 9781507010235
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Start your day with our Signature Breakfast, and enjoy traditional café classics enlivened with a modern twist. Along with our complementary Eye Openers, these distinctive offerings awaken the senses with an infusion of local flavours.
Le Méridien Hub, our innovative hotel lobby concept, is a coffeehouse-style gathering place for creative minds. Enjoy an illy espresso crafted by one of our Master Baristas, or indulge in an éclair while discovering a playlist curated by French bossa nova band "Nouvelle Vague."
With our Unlock Art™ programme, keycards unlock more than just doors; our partnerships provide access to leading contemporary culture centers in every destination. In the evening, join us for Le Méridien Sparkling, a cocktail ceremony inspired by the traditional European aperitif hour.
Ramps are located in front of the hotel and near the elevator of the Royal Tower. An accessible public restroom and a wheelchair is available for guest use.
The hotel offers two ADA accessible guest rooms, which feature an accessible shower and grab bars.
Alcoholic beverage service is restricted to those who are at least 21 years of age with valid identification.
Guests must be 21 years or older with photo identification to reserve a room or check in.
The hotel does not provide babysitting/child care service.
Personal checks are not accepted. Travelers checks are accepted, with valid identification. Other conditions may apply.
Rates confirmed in USD are guaranteed in U.S. dollars when paid in U.S. cash or traveler's checks. Payments made by credit cards at the hotel will be charged in the local currency equivalent based on the daily exchange rate used by the hotel. Currency conversions by banks or credit card companies in processing payments are not within the control of the hotel and are subject to exchange rate fluctuations.
An early departure fee of one night's room rate will be imposed on guests who checkout prior to the departure date confirmed at check-in.
Please note that if guests have reserved a non-refundable rate or package, the full amount will be charged.
Children who are 12 or younger sleep for free in the existing bedding of a room shared with a paying adult. For a third adult in the room, rollaway bed will be provided and incur a fee of AED 150 per day. Cribs are provided free of charge.
Gift certificate reservations are subject to availability. To redeem a gift certificate for a room reservation, please send a copy of the gift certificate to the Reservations department at email@example.com with the following information: the guest's name, telephone number, email address, and arrival and departure dates. The hotel will respond and advise if the requested dates are available.
Gift certificates for guest rooms can be purchased by calling (971)(2) 695 03536; for restaurant reservations, call (971)(2) 695 0530.
For security purposes, valid photo identification is required at check-in. Acceptable forms include a U.A.E drivers license, passport, and/or UAE Emirates identification card.
Pets are not allowed.
Debit and Credit cards will be authorized at check-in for the amount of your stay, plus an amount to cover incidentals. The authorization will hold the funds until check out, at which time the amount actually incurred during the stay will be charged. Authorized amounts may take up to 30 days after departure to be released by your bank or financial institution and the hotel will not be responsible for any resulting fees or charges.
For credit card payments the cardholder must be present. Third party payments are accepted. Please contact the Accounts Department for credit card authorization form and instructions.
Cash is also accepted.
Hotel features non-smoking area in the lobby and non-smoking floors. A cleaning fee of AED500.00 will be charged to any guest who violates the smoking policy.
The hotel can assist guests in obtaining a visa. For hotel requirements, please contact the hotel directly. Visa fees are as follows:
Please note that travelers from certain countries may be eligible for Visa on Arrival. Foreign travelers should contact their nearest U.A.E. Embassy for additional information.


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Labor Day marks the symbolic end to summer season across the nation – even if warm temperatures stay put in Florida throughout the fall months. But September ushers in a slew of new fall fashion finds and a fresh color palette from Pantone's trend forecasters. Colleen and Sue have stocked the shelves with on-trend beads in fresh colors and your perennial favorites too.
Pantone's Fall 2016 Palette
- Riverside and Airy Blue are the blue hues chosen for this autumn – each with subtle tones that remind us of the ocean
- Shark Skin and Warm Taupe are two soft neutrals that will blend well with winter whites, metallics, and sandy tones
- A bevy of warm blush and rust tones round out the palette with Dusty Cedar, Aurora Red, and Potter's Clay
- Vibrant tones of Bodacious pink, Spicy Mustard yellow, and Lush Meadow green deliver that pop of bright color you crave
Check out the color pairings that we hope will inspire you to get your bead on this fall!
The desire for tranquility, strength, and optimism have inspired a Fall 2016 color palette that is led by the Blue family.
Along with anchoring earth tones, exuberant pops of vibrant colors also appear throughout the collections. Transcending gender, these unexpectedly vivacious colors in our Fall 2016 palette act as playful but structured departures from your more typical fall shades.
Blue skies represent constancy as they are always above us. Grays give a feeling of stability, Red tones invite confidence and warmth, while the hot Pinkish Purples and Spicy Mustard Yellows suggest a touch of the exotic.
Leatrice EisemanExecutive Director of the Pantone Color Institute™


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Stereo MC's
White rappers often nail the menace and the merchandising but sometimes forget that the beat's got to be worth jumping for. Not so England's Stereo MC's, whose record has more bottom than the models in Sir Mix-A-Lot's "Baby Got Back" video.
Rulers of the U.K. rap scene, an admittedly minuscule pool, the band's three white men and three black women percolate reggae, '70s Afro-Latin R&B and in die dance abandon into an infectious brew. On their second U.S. album, the good-vibe funkateers are finally getting the Top 40 success they deserve. (Gee St./Island)
Picks and Pans Review: Connected
updated 06/07/1993 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 06/07/1993 AT 01:00 AM EDT


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Help us create a world without type 1 diabetes.
Just $5 would help so much!
ALSO — To thank you for donating, you will receive by email Dori's mewsic video of her hit song, Purrrple Underpants, AND her not-yet-released mewsic video, Let's Go Outside!
click my image to go to my donation site.
Humor Author + Cat Magnet = Writer Inpurr-rupted
Welcome to my world! I'm Kimberley Koz, a humor author, stray cat magnet, raccoon whisperer… and more importantly…caretaker for The Wonderpurr Gang starring Herman @TattleCat and Dori @Adorapurr on Twitter.
Who doesn't love to laugh? I sure do. I love offbeat comedy and sassy dialogue, so I write stories to give my readers a laugh out loud good time. And that's what you'll hopefully find throughout my website.
I contribute a small portion to this site , while the majority of the contributions are written by Herman and Dori, and occasionally by the other members of the Wonderpurr Gang.
Since I'm A.D.D. with the attention span of a … Oh look! A kitty! Um… This site is ever-changing, with constant flashes of brilliance followed by occasional brooding when my life turns upside down and my cats are all too willing to run me over. Like I said… Welcome to My World!
Be sure to check back for new book release announcements, contests, and occasional newsletters.
And finally — don't leave before you enjoy Herman and Dori's adventures in
Sherlock Herm's Purranormal Mysteries.
Thanks so much for visiting! Scoot now! Go tell your friends. ~ Kim
Sherlock Herms, Purranormal Detective blog series
Herman @TattleCat stars as Sherlock Herms, a hardboiled purranormal detective, in his first mystery: The Case of the Dancing Ghosts.
Herman wants to help his author mom write mysteries, so he opens the Wonderpurr Detective Agency in his house attic to get experience solving cases.
Four Paws and 31 Tales
FOUR PAWS and 31 TALES is a collection of pet stories donated by members of Twitter's Anipal community to benefit Four Paws Lifeline, a 501(3)(c) non-profit organization. Their goal is to provide financial assistance to those pet owners who are not able to afford critical care or emergency veterinary care to their furry loved ones.
All proceeds from FOUR PAWS and 31 TALES will benefit Four Paws Lifeline. For more information go to FourPawsLifeline.org.
Finding Mya
Eight-year-old Mya has a magical relationship with her grandma's foster kitten, Herman. They talk to each other. Not with words. With tickle thoughts! It's love at first sight, and they plan to live Happily Ever After. Then the worst happens. Mya's vacation ends, and Herman is given to a woman whose dog treats cats like chew toys. He escapes danger, but the road to finding Mya is scary and tough. She promised to leave picture-maps along the way to her home. All Herman has to do is follow them and he will live Happily Ever After in the safety of Mya's arms.
It's a wonderful plan. Too bad it goes wrong right from the start….
Click here to read FINDING MYA »


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Harrods of London Tonal Stripe Scarf
£169.00 Product Code 5224156
- Overview
Crafted in the finest blend of cashmere, merino wool and silk, this scarf is a luxurious winter accessory from Harrods of London. Featuring a tonal stripe design and fringed trims, drape at the neck of your favourite coat for effortless polish.
- Details
- Colour: Dark grey
- Fringed trims
- 180cm x 51cm
- 47% cashmere, 27% merino wool, 26% silk
- Made in Scotland
- Delivery & Returns
International Delivery Charges
If paying in another currency your delivery charge will be calculated at checkout.
Delivery Option Duration Price Standard Delivery 3-5 days, Monday-Friday only. £5.95 Next Day Delivery Next working day on all orders placed before 3pm, Mon-Sat only. £12 Saturday Delivery Saturday only on orders placed before Friday 3pm £15.95 Delivery to Europe £20 Outside of Europe Click here for International Delivery Terms for overseas shipping. £25
International Deliveries
Find out more information on our International Deliveries.
If it's not right, return shipping is free. Find out more.
Harrods of LondonTonal Stripe Scarf£169.00


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Ricketts Signs on Loan
What's being said in the forum now?Click to join the Vital Burnley forum!
Burnley have signed former England international Michael Ricketts on loan until the end of the season.
The former Bolton wanderers hitman has joined the Clarets following a loan spell at Cardiff City.
More to follow...


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By Ben Geman - 04/30/13 11:34 AM EDT
Study 1 demonstrated that more politically conservative individuals were less in favor of investment in energy-efficient technology than were those who were more politically liberal. This finding was driven primarily by the lessened psychological value that more conservative individuals placed on reducing carbon emissions. Study 2 showed that this difference has consequences: In a real-choice context, more conservative individuals were less likely to purchase a more expensive energy-efficient light bulb when it was labeled with an environmental message than when it was unlabeled.
Dena Gromet, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, spoke with NBC about the research here.


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The degree of success enjoyed by the New York Rangers in the next few weeks will likely determine John Tortorella's future with the club. Adam Proteau of The Hockey News suggests the current head coach is in position get the boot if his squad doesn't reach the second round of the playoffs -- minimum.
Links from around the rink for April 20
530dDoug Mittler
Links from around the rink for April 6
544dDoug Mittler
Links from around the rink for March 23
558dDoug Mittler
What's next: Minnesota Wild
571dVictoria Matiash
What's next: Nashville Predators
571dVictoria Matiash
What's next: Arizona Coyotes
572dTim Kavanagh
What's next: San Jose Sharks
572dTim Kavanagh
What's next: Los Angeles Kings
572dTim Kavanagh
What's next: Colorado Avalanche
572dVictoria Matiash
What's next: Winnipeg Jets
572dVictoria Matiash
Links from around the rink - March 9
572dDoug Mittler
What's next: Dallas Stars
573dVictoria Matiash
What's next: St. Louis Blues
574dVictoria Matiash
What's next: Florida Panthers
574dVictoria Matiash
What's next: Calgary Flames
574dTim Kavanagh


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No shit. It's against the EULA and the Terms of Service for all of them anyway. If anyone asks you to give them your password, they are literally advising you to break a contract with another party.
NBC10 PhiladelphiaShared publicly -
It's illegal for NJ, Del. colleges/universities to ask students or applicants for social media passwords.
Add a comment...


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- "How Glory Goes" from Floyd Collins.
- "Count To Six and Die" from Marilyn Manson's Concept Album Holy Wood (In The Shadow Of The Valley Of Death). However, "The Death Song", from the same album, is not a Death Song.
- "Tell Her I Love Her" from Urinetown, a duet which is half this and half Grief Song.
- "A Little Fall of Rain", "Come To Me", "Javert's Suicide", and the epilogue from Les Misérables.
- "Eva's Final Broadcast" and/or "Lament" (depending on production) from Evita.
- "Sh'ma" from Parade could be argued to be this, as Leo is about to die.
- "I Didn't Know I'd Love You So Much" from the film version of Repo! The Genetic Opera.
- The reprise of the titular song in Man of La Mancha - but a surprise, as Don Quixote does not know he is dying.
- "I'm Goin' Home" from The Rocky Horror Picture Show, though Frank doesn't die during it, but afterwards, and isn't even aware he's going to be killed until afterwards.
- The reprise of "Somewhere" is Tony's Death Song in West Side Story. *sniffle*
- "Some Things Are Meant To Be" from the musical adaptation of Little Women acts as Beth's Death Song, even though she doesn't actually die at the end. She dies afterwards, off-screen.
- "Mother Earth and Father Time", from the 1973 film of Charlotte's Web.
- Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ends with the title character singing a reprise of "A Barber And His Wife" which is both one of these and a Grief Song given that he unknowingly killed his wife, who he had spent the entire plot seeking to avenge, because he did not know she was still alive, just before Toby uses Sweeney's own razor to slit his throat.
- "The Mole's Reprise", from South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. It's a Dark Reprise of the earlier "La Resistance".
- Parodied in The Bachelor when Jimmie notes that Mariah Carey's character is singing even while she's dying.
- "Blue" from Cowboy Bebop. (But we're not quite sure he is dead...)
- "Farewell at the Foot of the Hill" from CLANNAD.
- Judas's Death from Jesus Christ Superstar.
- "It's Just The Gas" for Orin and "Somewhere That's Green (Reprise)" for Audrey from Little Shop of Horrors. Two other characters die, but they either do not die immediately after a song or die immediately after a song sung by someone else.
- Neil Young's Birds has been interpreted as this.
- In Children Of Eden, Abel sings a few lines of 'The Wasteland' as he dies.
- The Crucifixion from Godspell.
- "The Flesh Failures" from Hair is Claude's death song. He even gets a Dark Reprise of his "I Am" Song in.
- "Last Midnight" for The Witch in Into the Woods. Of course, we're not quite sure if she's dead...
- "No One Mourns the Wicked" from Wicked. Subverted, as we later find out she's just hiding.
- In Kristina, the musical adaptation of The Emigrants, it's the reprise of "Out to the Sea" for Robert and "I'll Be Waiting There" for Kristina.
- Infamously, and memetically, the violent death scene from the finale of The O.C..
- "Always Look On The Bright Side of Life" from Monty Python's Life of Brian.
- The band Enter The Haggis puts a positive spin on this trope in both "One Last Drink" and "Let Me Go".
- "Contact" from RENT.
- The Musical Episode of X-Play has "Love Me (Reprise)" sung by Adam and Morgan's video game (it Makes Sense In Context) just before it expires.
- "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" from The Rose. Followed up by "The Rose", which counts as a Grief Song.
- Star Trek Online: Episode "Klingon War", mission "The Doomsday Machine". K'Valk, a Klingon Defense Force officer who is trying to help Starfleet Ambassador B'vat from siccing a planet killer on Federation, rams his shuttle down its throat while belting out "The Warrior's Anthem", a Klingon war hymn.
- "Promised Land" from the Psych musical episode
- The Brunnen-Gi song from Lexx is essentially the song equivalent of "Today is a good day to die". A Good Way To Die from the episode Brigadoon laments their death, but also says it was s death worthy of being remembered.
- Klaus Nomi's "The Cold Song" from Klaus Nomi and "Ding Dong" and "Death" from Simple Man, which are all covers by the way.
- "Stay Alive (Reprise)" from Hamilton, where Hamilton's son Philip is dying from a gunshot wound.
- Two examples in The Bridges of Madison County: "When I'm Gone" is sung by Bud and Charlie as and after they grow old and die, and "It All Fades Away" is Robert's final declaration before dying of an unspecified illness.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! The Abridged Series managed to partially do this when Melvin kills Hank Ishtar. Hank sings the events as they happen in the style of Harry Chapin's "Cat's in the Cradle".
Hank: And then he stabbed me in the torso and the cat's in the cat place and oh god, that's sharp!
Please stop stabbing me, I'm going to die!
When you gonna stop, son? Oh god, that hurts!
I think you pierced my lungs there
Yes, that was definitely my luuungs.
- Daniel Amos's "Shadow Catcher" from Fearful Symmetry, about a man standing at death's door and staring into the shadows.


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- Table View
- List View
The Blue Umbrellaby Mike Mason
When Zac Sparks's mother dies, he's sent to live in Five Corners with his cruel old Aunties. It isn't long before Zac knows something strange is going on. Five Corners is populated with weird characters--a midget butler, a girl who doesn't speak, a blind balloon seller, a mysterious singer, and the Aunties' father, Dada. Zac's first encounter with Dada is so terrifying that he faints dead away.The one bright spot is Sky Porter, a friendly soul who encourages Zac and shows him kindness. But Sky isn't what he seems either, and when Zac learns Sky's amazing secret he sees that this wonderful man may have a very dark side as well. Discovering that Dada is an evil magician who is intent on stealing the ultimate treasure, Zac knows that many lives are at stake, including his own.
Global Shiftby Mike Mason
An insightful account of the recent histories of nearly two dozen states, Global Shift is a dynamic, nuanced study of what is sometimes referred to as the "Third World." Seeking to illuminate the deep economic chasm between the global East and West, Mike Mason presents a new perspective of decolonization, neocolonialism, and global capitalism in the context of the rise and decline of a hegemonic America. Global Shift begins with the end of the Second World War, telling the story of a ravaged, but still dominant West, as well as the emergence of the Third World - a zone of competition and contention ultimately engulfed by the rising tide of capitalist development. Mason suggests that historic focus on the West as the centre of the global economy may soon be superseded by the rise of the East Drawing on history, comparative politics, and development studies, Global Shift traces the contours of state histories from Asia, Africa, and Latin America to create a comprehensive portrait of the current state of global politics that is breathtaking in scope.
The Mystery of Marriage 20th Anniversary Editionby Mike Mason
Meditate on the Spiritual Significance of Marriage In the 20th Anniversary Edition of this Gold Medallion Award winner, Mike Mason goes on a poetic search to understand the wondrous dynamics of committed love. In highly readable, first-person style, Mason's writing stimulates readers' thoughts and prayers and propels couples to deeper intimacy. "A marriage is not a joining of two worlds," says the author, "but an abandoning of two worlds in order that one new one might be formed." Rich chapters on "Otherness," "Vows," "Intimacy," "Sex," "Submission," and an all-new chapter on "Oneness" lift readers to view the eternal, spiritual nature of this faith-filled, "impossible," wild--yet wonderful--frontier. "The two shall become one flesh. This is a great mystery." Ephesians 5:31-32 Beautifully written and filled with life-transforming insights, the 20th anniversary edition of Mike Mason's unparalleled Gold Medallion winner explores the mystical and holy nature of marriage with a depth that will forever alter how a couple relates to each other--and to God. PULL OUT The Mystery of Marriage stands out from how-to manuals on marriage as a refreshing how-come book--a brilliant celebration of the God-ordained union between man and wife. "An outstanding achievement. Rarely has a book aroused in me so much enthusiasm as has the combination of wisdom, depth, dignity, and glow that I find in these chapters." J.I. Packer "Absolutely exquisite. It reaches down deep into our innermost being, revealing, revitalizing, rewarding. A real classic." Gigi Graham Tchividjian "A drop everything book. Mason deals with the stunning paradoxes of the mystery, the problems, and the glories of marriage. I don't need to read any other book on the subject." Elisabeth Elliot Story Behind the Book"Over the twenty years since its publication, many couples have told me that they've read my book aloud to each other. This always amazes me and gives me great joy. I'm also amazed that many single people have read it. Either way, my goal is for hearts to be warmed by the mystery of divine love. I want couples to enter into deeper intimacy by thinking together about the mystery of marriage--about how their love, besides being a gift of God, reflects the very love He has for Himself in the Trinity. For God is not a bachelor, and throughout the Bible marriage is a supreme picture of the nature of God's love and of His kingdom. I want people who read my book to feel so soaked in these wonderful, divine mysteries that it deepens their reverence for marriage and inspires them to greater love."From the Trade Paperback edition.
Practicing the Presence of Peopleby Mike Mason
In the deepest part of our hearts and souls is the desire to love well. Yet in our struggle to do so, we learn that, as Mike Mason puts it, "We are not born with love; it is something we must learn." Now, in Practicing the Presence of People, he helps us launch that learning process. Mason points the way to fresh knowledge and fresh experience, showing how we can discover new things about those we love, understand them from the inside out, tenderly identify with their weaknesses, and celebrate that they too were lovingly made by the hand of God.From the Trade Paperback edition.
The Violet Flashby Mike Mason
There's a rip in the blue umbrella, and time--and Chelsea--are slipping through! One moment she was there, the next moment she was not, and Ches Cholmondeley was watching when it happened. And he learns of other mysterious goings-on: for three days in a row the world's atomic clocks have lost a second, resulting in bizarre accidents ranging from dropped casseroles to plane crashes. Are these events related? What's a brother to do? Figure out a way to get his sister back, of course. In search of answers, Ches befriends the local clockmaker, Myron Stinchcombe, who knows a lot about time, and seeks out Sky Porter, who knows a lot about, well, everything. But time is running out. And Ches is torn, knowing that the very deed that can save the world might also keep his sister from ever returning to it.
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


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Added by AnyClip Subscribe 2 726
Published 27 Mar 2012
The clip Ed agrees to sue PG&E from Erin Brockovich (2000) with Julia Roberts, Albert Finney. Powered by: A...
The clip Ed agrees to sue PG&E from Erin Brockovich (2000) with Julia Roberts, Albert Finney. Powered by: Anyclip. any moment from any film. We can get these people. With a little effort, I think we can nail their asses to the wall. With your legal expertise, you believe that? -Don't you ever just know? -Do you know about money? They settle due to lack of money. You know what toxicologists and geology experts cost? We're looking at $1 00,000 a month. -I've already spent some of my savings. -We'll figure it out. I don't know shit, but I know the difference between right and wrong! -Lovers' quarrel? -Bite my ass, Krispy Kreme. I feel you looking at me. I'm sorry. How many families are we talking about? Four more. Eleven people so far. There's more? I found a document at the water board, a toxic test well reading from 1 967. More people have lived there since then. This is a whole different ball game. A much bigger deal. Kind of like David and what's-his-name. Kind of like David and what's- his-name's whole fucking family. Here's the deal. If, and only if, you find all the evidence to back this up, I'll do it. You're doing the right thing. Remind me of that when I'm filing for bankruptcy. Of course, gathering evidence is a big job.


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Who Gets Kicked Out? Moving Trucks Spotted at Brangelina's House After Split Announcement
- 04:27 PM, Sep 22
Opening night for the Broadway production 'The Miracle Worker'
Photo credit: Joseph Marzullo / WENN
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