text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 26, 1995
|Filing date
|Sep 29, 1994
|Priority date
|Sep 29, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|V. Durga N. Rao
|Original Assignee
|Ford Motor Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (27), Classifications (24), Legal Events (12)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
This invention relates to the art of designing and fabricating pistons and related heat engine component surfaces for a fossil fueled engine, which surfaces affect the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy and which affect emissions resulting from the combustion process; more particular the invention relates to combustion chamber and charge induction surfaces, including piston designs and materials that (i) can store and release heat selectively, (ii) control or limit temperature of piston and component surfaces, or (iii) control or inhibit thermal expansion of components, primarily pistons, in an internal combustion engine (IC).
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In heat engines, such as IC engines (gasoline or diesel) used in automotive vehicles today, some of the heat of combustion gases is siphoned off through a thermal path that proceeds through the piston (which is usually constructed of aluminum alloy in a gasoline engine), through the piston rings, to a metallic engine block and cylinder head that are cooled by a water jacket that in turn dumps such heat. Such parasitic heat loss limits the available power and engine efficiency. Because of the dynamics of the combustion cycle and the heat transfer characteristics of an IC engine, a significant amount of heat along such thermal path is stored in these components during the combustion and exhaust portions of the engine operating cycle. A part of this stored heat is transferred to the fuel/air charge during the intake and the compression strokes (e.g. 4-cycle engine). This is particularly disadvantageous for the operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine; its compression ratio will be determined by the knock-limit and therefore the compression ratio is chosen to avoid engine knock resulting from auto ignition. However, the higher the knock-limited compression ratio, the higher will be the power and engine efficiency. Conversely, for every one point reduction in the compression ratio, due to such design limitations, there is a corresponding reduction in engine fuel economy of about 2-2.5 percent and a 2.5-3.0 percent loss in engine power. The compression ratio is reduced because high compression would more readily heat up a less dense gas to above the knock temperature limit.
It would be desirable to preserve as much of the heat of combustion to do mechanical work during the combustion/expansion stroke for driving the vehicle. In the case of the spark ignition engine, it is desirable to control the heat input into the charge from the piston, or other combustion chamber components, during the intake stroke, thereby increasing volumetric efficiency of the engine. Stored heat that is transferred to the induction charge should only be enough to improve either evaporation of the fuel for avoiding condensation on the bore wall. In the case of a diesel engine, after engine warm-up, the charge air density is more important. Unlike the spark ignition engine, the warmer the charge after the intake valve closes, the better it is for engine operation because of reduced ignition delay which improves engine combustion. it would also be desirable to control the thermal expansion characteristic of the piston body adjacent the piston crown when managing such thermal conditions.
Attempts by the prior art to thermally manage heat flow through pistons have been restricted to the use of certain types of thermal barriers (Teflon in U.S. Pat. No. 2,817,562; nickel metal in U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,052; and chromium oxide in U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,128). Such thermal barriers are insufficient to manage heat properly because they must be unduly thick thereby adversely affecting volumetric efficiency (i.e. allowing too much stored heat to be transferred to the induction charge); no provision is made to remove the stored heat from the combustion chamber surfaces independent of charge absorption.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method of heat management, as well as an engine construction that incorporates such heat management, that accomplishes one or more of the following: (i) control and manage heat transfer to reduce heat wasted to engine cooling systems, (ii) maintain the average temperature of the engine components at a lower level, and (iii) limit stored heat from unduly heating the gas mixture charge during intake and compression. Such heat management leads to greater volumetric efficiency of the engine, a reduction in emissions, and an increase in engine power while permitting an increase in compression ratio for a gasoline engine.
In a first aspect, the invention is a heat engine piston and combustion chamber construction that employs a low thermal diffusivity coating which functions as a heat transfer diode, that is, the coating restricts heat flow from the combustion chamber during combustion while allowing some limited heat transfer during the expansion and exhaust strokes of the piston; the coating limits or prevents the stored heat from flowing into the fresh combustible charge during the intake and compression strokes. Since diffusivity is inversely proportional to density and mass specific heat capacity of the coating material, the material must be selected with attention to more than thermal conductivity, the latter being solely characteristic of prior art selections. The prior art which impregnates chromium oxide, as an example, prevents the material from acting as a thermal diode since chromium oxide has a high thermal diffusivity. The thickness of the low diffusivity diode coating is important because it muse be minimal while having sufficient mass to assure appropriate thermal transfer behavior.
In a second aspect, the invention is a method of thermally managing heat generated by an internal combustion engine no increase power and fuel economy. The method comprises: (a) increasing the compression ratio of the engine by 10-20%; (b) coating the crown of the piston and combustion chamber surfaces with a low thermal diffusivity layer Than functions as a heat diode; and (c) operating the engine with such coating crown and surfaces using the increased compression ratio whereby a fresh intake mixture to the combustion chamber will be drawn thereinto at a much lower temperature for a higher volumetric efficiency with less heat from the combustion chamber wasted to the cooling jacket of the engine block during the initial heat release portion of the combustion/expansion stroke. The heat that eventually does transfer through the diode coating to the piston body and engine block and head is controlled to keep their temperature lower and assist the functioning of the coating by imposing a lower thermal differential. This also avoids undue thermal expansion of the aluminum piston body. The control can be obtained by: (a) an improved thermally conductive abradable coating on at least the top land of the piston body to conduct available heat to water cooling of the block and the head; (b) spraying oil coolant onto the interior of the piston which oil coolant is preferably isolated from valve train coolant and thus can be at a lower viscosity; and (c) planting of a cast-in-place thermal expansion inhibitor in the piston body adjacent The piston crown. To assist attaining enhanced volumetric efficiency, the intake (and exhaust) manifold walls are fabricated to have double walls/air gap insulated construction to prevent the heating of the fresh charge as it travels from the air intake into the engine through the intake ports. The double wall construction features a very thin inner wall (approximately 0.015 to 0.031 inches) a very low thermal conductivity stainless steel. This not only insulates engine heat from flowing into the charge, but also reduces the fuel condensation during a cold start.
FIG. 1 is a central sectional elevational view of an internal combustion spark ignition engine depicting the thermal heat management characteristics of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the coated combustion chamber of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the physics of heat transfer from a gas mixture through various mediums including a gas skin layer, the coating of this invention, the metal substrate, a liquid skin of coolant, and the liquid coolant itself;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of how the mediums of FIG. 3 act as resistances to thermal flow;
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the upper right hand corner of a piston within a cylinder bore wall of an internal combustion engine embodying more fully the thermal management principles of this invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a single oil path arrangement for lubricating the valve train and combustion area of the engine, the arrangement using dual cooling;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a dual oil path arrangement for lubricating different parts of the engine, the arrangement facilitating use of lower viscosity oil in cooling the piston; and
FIG. 8 is a composite illustration of the stages of a four-stroke cycle engine showing heat flow restriction as a result of the coatings and thereby facilitating higher compression ratios.
Without heat management coatings, on the piston and combustion chamber walls, and without use of double wall construction of the intake and exhaust manifolds, a significant portion of the heat of combustion from an IC heat engine will be conducted to the crown of an aluminum piston and to the cylinder head during the expansion and exhaust strokes. The hotter piston will transfer such heat, in a conventional engine, through the piston rings which contact the cylinder block and thence to a cooling jacket (in block or head) where the heat is eventually dumped. The hotter head similarly will transfer heat to a cooling jacket that extends thereinto where the heat will be dumped. These heat disposal paths are limited and severely restricted; the mass of the aluminum piston is forced to act as a heat sink. Heat absorbed by the piston body, particularly the crown surface of a non-coated piston, will transfer the absorbed heat throughout the mass of the piston because of the high thermal conductivity of the piston metal, such as aluminum. As a result, the piston will be hotter and weaker. The hotter piston and combustion chamber surfaces adversely affect the temperature of the incoming intake mixture into the combustion chamber during the intake and compression strokes; the intake air/fuel mixture will attain a relatively higher temperature at the end of the intake stroke compared to its start, with a reduced volumetric efficiency. The engine designer will adjust the compression ratio of the spark ignition engine to avoid knock. For example, the combustion gas temperature at the end of the compression stroke must be designed to be lower by limiting the compression ratio. The heat on the skin of the piston crown will auto ignite the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber if it exceeds the designed temperature by 30�-40� F. In addition, due to the hotter temperature of the aluminum piston (resulting from the absorbed and diffused heat), the piston will experience a higher thermal expansion characteristic different than the material constituting the cylinder bore wall. This necessitates design of the aluminum piston to have a clearance at the most extreme temperature conditions, such as at full engine load, to accommodate the worst case of differential thermal expansion between the piston and the cylinder bore wall. At part-load conditions of an engine, the aluminum piston to bore clearance will therefore be increased because of reduced temperature and consequent reduced thermal expansion of the piston. This significantly increases the crevice volume between the piston and bore wall, thereby increasing the high carbon emissions as well as gaseous blow-by pass the piston rings and crown.
As shown in FIG. 1, this invention employs heat management coatings or plys to increase the volumetric efficiency of a heat engine 10, prevent auto ignition at higher compression ratios in the case of a spark ignition engine, and reduce exhaust emissions 11 as well as prevent contamination of the combustion chamber surfaces 12 over the life cycle of the heat engine. First, a low thermal diffusivity (low alpha) coating 13, operating as a thermal diode, is applied to the piston crown and to the combustion chamber surfaces 15 in the head (see FIG. 2), including valve head surfaces 16. Thermal diffusivity is an expression of the ratio of thermal conductivity watts/meter �K.) to the multiple of density (Kg/meter3) and mass specific heat capacity (Joules/kilogram �K.). A good low thermal diffusivity number for this invention is about half that of that for aluminum, such as 93�10-6 for Al, zirconia 54�10-6, 316 stainless steel 51�10-6 and Ti alloy 62�10-6 metric units. To function as a diode for purposes of this invention, the coating must be (i) relatively low in thermal conductivity, (ii) be capable of holding a predetermined desirable quantity of heat calories to limit the conduction of heat in a direction that would be wasted to tooling, and (iii) be sufficiently thin or low enough in mass to limit flow of stored heat in a reverse direction to an incoming colder gas charge. The coating temperature will rise, with little heat transfer going across the coating; then at the end of the exhaust stroke, the piston crown will be cooler, in heating heat flow into the metal components, but not in impeding heat flux out of the components to a coolant. The diode coating will essentially slow down or limit heat transfer to the cooling system, stored heat is limited so as to restrict transfer back to the fresh incoming charge during the intake stroke and compression, and heat that does get into the piston or is readily removed by better conduction paths which will be described subsequently. The diode coating will typically reach a stable temperature of about 375� F. in a spark ignition gasoline engine, allowing the piston crown below the coating to be at least 100� F. cooler, assuming the gas mixture is about 500� F. and the coolant temperature is about 100� F.
Examples of thermal diffusivity material that will function as a thermal diode for purposes of this invention include titanium aluminide, titanium-6Al alloy, zirconium oxide, thorium oxide, and 200 or 300 series stainless steel (u,e, 316 ss) having chromium (of about 20%) and nickel (of about 8%).
The following table illustrates specific thermal diffusivity numbers for each of the recited examples including their accompanying thermal conductivity, density and specific heat values.
______________________________________ Thermal Specific Thermal Conductivity Density Heat �10-6Coating w/m�K. Kg/m3 J/Kg�K. Diffusivity______________________________________Thorium near zero near zero near zero near zerooxideZirconium 13.8 7000 699 54oxideTitanium 20.5 5060 650 62AluminumAlloysStainless 20.7 8030 502 51Steel______________________________________
Thermal conductivity should be low, in the range of near zero to 21 W/M�K.; the density is usually in operable range of 5000-9000 Kg/m3 ; the specific heat is greater than 500 J/Kg�K.; the thickness of the coating should be in the operable range of 0.75 to 1.22 mm; and the thermal diffusivity is thus about near zero to 62.
The thickness 17 of such low diffusivity coating is critical to its functioning as a thermal diode due to cyclic operation (i.e. heating and cooling) of the engine components. As shown in FIG. 3, the physics of heat loss from the gas mixture 18 can be visualized to thermally consist of a path through a gas boundary layer 19 immediately adjacent the solid metal 20 (or low thermal diffusivity coating 13 in the case of the present invention), through the thickness of the solid metal, and thence through a thin boundary layer 21 of air or water coolant 22 (serving to receive the transfer heat and dump to atmosphere). There is a thermal gradient through each layer 19, 20 and 21 with the greatest but shortest gradient apparent in layers 19 and 21. Similarly heat loss physics occurs through the upper margins 23 of the cylinder walls, but such heat loss is additionally affected by oil splashed therealong from the engine crank case. The optimum thickness of the coating for the various materials has proven by experimental data to be 0.70 mm for thorium oxide, 0.76 mm for zirconium oxide, 0.80 mm for titanium aluminide, and 0.85 mm for 316 stainless steel
The coating is preferably applied by first preparing the crown piston surface 14 and other combustion surfaces 15 and valve head surface 16 to be clean and free of contamination; secondly, the diode coating material is deposited onto such cleaned surface, such as by plasma/thermal spraying onto the piston crown and other combustion chamber surfaces. The thermal diffusivity material can be applied in a powder form injected into the plasma or be dissolution in a solvent for ambient temperature spraying. The plasma sprayed coating should have a bond strength to the piston that exceeds 2000 psi, preferably above 6000 psi, and a porosity of 3-5%. If solvent spraying is employed, the solvent is filled prior to spraying with appropriate solids such as zirconia, titanium-aluminum alloy or stainless steel, as well as an appropriate bonding agent such as a high temperature polyimide-amide. Upon completion of solvent spraying, the mixture will stick to the substrate, after which the solvent will evaporate. If the piston crown 14 has a dished surface 14A, the coating 13 will following the contours of such central dishing (see FIGS. 2 and 5). To allow such conformity, the particle size of the powder material utilized, in the deposition, is within the range of 85-30 microns, but preferably 60-45 microns.
The chamber walls, particularly the aluminum piston crown 14, may collect isolated or dispersed carbon deposits during operation, which deposits eventually will become coked and create contaminations that induce auto ignition as well as abrasion and scuffing of the cylinder bore when lodged between the piston rings. Similarly, the thermal diode coating 13 on such surface, may also be contaminated by such deposits. To eliminate the attachment of such deposits to the surface of the piston crown, and to prevent such deposits from condensing on the coating, an ultra thin overlayer 25 (see FIG. 5) of highly inert material is placed on the thermal diffusivity coating 13. Such deposit prevention coating 25 should be a material that is preferably selected from the group consisting of gold, aluminum bronze, platinum, titanium nitrite, silicon nitrite, nickel aluminide and titanium aluminide. The deposit prevention coating 25 should be applied in a thickness preferably in the range of 100 angstroms to 5 microns. The coating, being very thin, will not interfere with the thermal diode effect of the coating on which it is overlaid. The deposit prevention coating obviously should be stable at extremely high temperatures such as about 1200� F.
Although the thermal diode coating 13 will restrict heat flow to the piston body 27 to the caloric capacity of the coating (thereby lowering the overall temperature of the main body mass of the aluminum piston), the piston body 27 temperature will still be sufficiently high to experience differential thermal expansion with the cylinder bore wall 31 whether the bore wall 31 is a different or the same material. To control and inhibit such differential expansion under severe conditions, a low thermal expansion/high conductivity insert 26 may be cast-in-place immediately below, but spaced from, the thermal diffusivity layer 13. The insert 26 may have a material selected from the group consisting of solid carbon, (graphite), silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium-aluminum alloy or a low expansion ceramic such as cordierite and beta spodumena; other materials can be used as long as they provide compatibility with the aluminum and low thermal expansion and light weight. Preferably, the insert is fabricated as a metal matrix composite of aluminum powder and low thermal expansion fibers, such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, or aluminum oxide. The fibers should be desirably aligned in the direction of anticipated thermal growth to inhibit the thermal expansion. The insert may be formed as a perforated pancake, a ring shape, or a sliced disc of a honeycomb matrix. The insert should be cast-in-place by preheating the insert to about 40% of the temperature of molten aluminum to be cast thereabout. The insert will provide the reduced thermal growth from temperature extremes caused by the engine speed/load fluxuations.
With the differential thermal expansion control, the top circular land 28 of the piston 29 can have a tenaciously adhered, thermally conductive, abradable coating 30 which promotes a larger conductive thermal path from the piston 29 to the cylinder bore wall 31 of block 32. This allows the piston to (i) remain at a further reduced temperature, and (ii) to achieve substantially zero clearance with the cylinder bore wall 31 regardless of the effectiveness of the piston rings 33. The abradable coating 30 is deposited over the land 28 in a thickness at least equal to, but desirably slightly in excess of any clearance between the land 28 and the cylinder bore wall 31, so that during initial engine operation, the coating 30 will abrade and polish to a smooth surface conforming to the annulus of the cylinder bore wall 31 with essentially little or no radial clearance between the coating and an oil film 34 on the cylinder bore wall 31. To "abrade" in the context of this invention, means that the coating can readily wear under pressure contact against the bore wall. Abradability herein is not meant to include such materials as teflon or polymers that soften and flow to fill the piston ring grooves and thereby adversely impact ring function.
The enlarged direct thermal path from the piston through the abradable coating 30 is achieved by incorporation of conductive particles or flakes 35, such as copper or aluminum, in the coating matrix; copper flake is the preferred medium. With substantially zero clearance, the piston can operate within the cylinder bore wall with no more than a gas squeeze film lubrication therebetween, assuming the oil film on the cylinder bore wall should fail. In the event the clearance between the coating 30 and the cylinder bore wall 31 or oil film 34 thereon, is designed or allowed to become greater than 5 microns (for example, up to 10-15 microns) then the abradable coating should contain a required content of solid film lubricants. Such solid lubricants are defined to comprehend material that have coefficient of friction no greater than 0.06 at 400�-700� F. and thermally stable at such temperatures. A coating that meets such criteria preferably comprises a mixture of at least two elements selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide and boron nitride; the mixture is carried in a polymer emulsion for deposition, the polymer (polyamide or epoxy thermoset type) adhering the film coating to the land surface.
To additionally control differential thermal expansion, the piston interior 29A may be sprayed with oil from the crankcase sump 37. The oil may be drawn and pumped from the sump 37 and carried up the connecting rod 38 and thereafter sprayed through radial openings 39 in the connecting rod small end 38A to bathe the interior surface 29A of the piston 29. Such oil spray cooling of the underside 29A of the piston, and splash cooling of the cylinder wall 34, will maintain the piston-cylinder bore clearance 40 in the designed range, which preferably is essentially 0. In the event of oil spray failure, the resulting overheating of the piston crown and its enlargement would ordinarily cause engine failure; the abradable coating prevents catastrophic failure.
To enhance the efficiency of oil cooling of the piston and cylinder wall, the oil circuit for piston cooling should be separated from other oil cooling tasks, such as for crankshaft and valve train lubrication and cooling. As shown in FIG. 6 a dual cooling single circuit for a V-8 engine block comprises a main line oil pump 40 which delivers pressurized fluid along a line 41 to an oil filter 42 and a first oil cooler 43 and thence to a main horizontal returning line 44. Downward feeding lines 45, 46, 47 and 48 (from four stations along the main return line 44) supply oil respectively to crankshaft bearings 49. Upward feeding lines 51 and 52 each supply oil respectively to valve train layout 53,54 for each engine head on each side of the V-configuration block; oil returns to sump 55 from layouts 53, 54 by lines not shown. To provide additional cooling of the oil circulated to the valve train layouts, a second cooler 62 is used, in a line 64 to cool oil taken off the line 63 coming out of the first oil cooler 43; line 64 divides and connects to valve train layouts at other locations. The second oil cooler 62 should maintain oil to a maximum temperature of about 160� F. Such reduced temperature facilitates lowering the overall temperature of the engine heads and thereby limits the heat that can transfer to the intake charge from the intake ports and intake manifold.
To facilitate use of a lower viscosity oil for only the pistons and cylinder walls, FIG. 7 shows an arrangement where the oil circulated to the valve train layouts is isolated from the main oil circuit 80 for the pistons and cylinder walls; such isolated oil circuit 81 has its own small electric oil pump 82 to provide circulation.
Oil cooling for the interior of pistons 56 is illustrated by an upwardly extending line 57 carrying oil upwardly to the piston interior. As more particularly shown in FIG. 1, oil to the interior of the piston may be carried through connecting rod 38 or equivalent to be sprayed along the piston interior, and thence returned to sump 55 along path 58. Similar lines 59,60 and 61 extend upwardly from each crankshaft bearing to feed the other pistons along one side of the engine; complementary lines with complementary pumps would feed the pistons on the other side of the engine. Oil to the eight cylinder bore walls is splashed from ports in the crankshaft bearings, such as designated by 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 and 77.
The oil for this circuit 80 should be lower in viscosity, such as 3 to 5 Cp at 40� C. (compared to 100 Cp for conventional engine oil systems) because the lower viscosity reduces engine friction and oil pump power losses at well below 0� F. The importance of isolating the piston-cylinder wall circuit is to facilitate low friction and easy pumping at very cold temperatures.
The invention in another aspect, is a method of thermally managing heat generated by an internal combustion engine having to move a piston along a wall, such engine having a combustion chamber for combusting a gaseous mixture of air and fuel, and further having a cooling jacket for cooling such wall. The method comprises increasing the compression ratio of the engine (i.e. about 10-20%); coating the crown of the piston that faces the combustion chamber with a low thermal diffusivity layer that functions as a heat diode; and operating the engine with such coated piston and increased compression ratio whereby a fresh intake mixture to the combustion chamber will be drawn thereinto at a lower temperature in greater volumetric efficiency and with less heat from the piston crown transferred to such charge. Less heat from combustion will be wasted to the cooling jacket. For an engine sized at about 3.0 liter, the compression ratio can be increased from about 8:1 to about 10:1. The fresh intake mixture to the engine can be decreased in temperature from about 160� F. to about 120� F. at the start of the compression stroke. Less heat is transferred to the charge by exposure to the coated layer of the piston whereby snored heat from a previous piston operation cycle is prevented from heating this fresh charge prior to combustion. The thickness of the coating should be minimized to satisfy the equation for low diffusivity (i.e. less than 1 mm).
Thus as shown in FIG. 8, in stage one the coated piston is almost to the completion of an exhaust stroke with only the exhaust valve open. With a very short travel to the total completion of the exhaust stroke (as in stage two) both intake and exhaust valves will be opened. As the inducted charge is drawn into the cylinder bore (stage three) at about a temperature of 90�-100� F. (typical of intake duct temperatures), a transfer of heat takes place from the coating 13 (previously heated by cyclic operation) but is severely limited by the caloric content of the coating and by the restricted thermal conductivity of the coating. Such charge will rise in temperature to about 120� F. during induction. Since a greater mass of mixture can now be introduced to the combustion chamber due to its lower temperature of 120� F. and greater density (as opposed to prior art temperatures of 160� F.) the volumetric efficiency is increased, allowing the engine designer to increase the compression ratio (for example from about 8:1 to 10:1) without fear of the charge reaching the auto ignition temperature (i.e. of about 800� F.) during the compression stroke (stage four). The coating restricts heat transfer to the charge from the combustion chamber walls during compression by the nature of its low diffusivity. Ignition takes place (stage five) and during expansion, throttle heat transferred to the piston and chamber walls will occur as a result of the presence of the low diffusivity coating, which reserves a greater amount of combustion heat to do work during such power stroke.
The thermal diode coating may further be protected with a deposit preventing coating, such as gold in a whisper thin layer. The method may further comprehend fabricating the piston to not only have a heat diode coating on its crown, but also a low thermal expansion high conductivity implant immediately below the diode coating. This retains the shape of the crown to accommodate the thermal expansion changes resulting from engine speed/load fluxuations and to rapidly dissipate heat into the oil spray to minimize the temperature rise in the piston.
The method may further comprehend fabricating the piston to provide for increased heat sink capabilities such as (i) a thermally conductive abradable top land coating, effective to transfer heat to the engine block, and/or (ii) an oil spray system for bathing the interior surfaces of the piston with oil effective to transfer heat to the oil cooling system of the engine.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 1, 1945
|Nov 5, 1946
|Cornelius Richard T
|Sep 17, 1947
|Aug 22, 1950
|Ramsey Corp
|Piston ring
|Sep 30, 1948
|Nov 13, 1951
|Wright Aeronautical Corp
|Piston with plated piston ring grooves
|Feb 23, 1950
|Sep 2, 1952
|Ramsey Corp
|Piston packing ring
|May 3, 1957
|Dec 12, 1961
|Gould National Batteries Inc
|Piston for internal combustion engines
|Mar 8, 1961
|Jun 25, 1963
|California Research Corp
|Wear-resistant lining for piston-ring groove
|Oct 2, 1973
|Jun 24, 1975
|Megatech Corp
|Piston lubricating
|Nov 28, 1973
|Nov 4, 1975
|Robert Geffroy
|Assembly comprising a piston groove, a piston ring and an inertia ring sliding in a cylinder
|Sep 23, 1974
|Feb 17, 1976
|Koppers Company, Inc.
|Bearing member having a wear resistant coating on its bearing face
|Nov 8, 1974
|Mar 9, 1976
|Midland-Ross Corporation
|Piston ring assembly
|Dec 16, 1974
|Aug 10, 1976
|Ford Motor Company
|Method of coating a rotary internal combustion engine
|Jan 18, 1983
|Jan 29, 1985
|Cummins Engine Company, Inc.
|Combustion chamber components for internal combustion engines
|May 2, 1984
|Jul 8, 1986
|The Perkin-Elmer Corporation
|Zirconium oxide powder containing cerium oxide and yttrium oxide
|Aug 9, 1984
|Sep 16, 1986
|Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd.
|Piston ring member
|Oct 23, 1987
|Aug 1, 1989
|Adiabatics, Inc.
|Thin thermal barrier coating for engines
|Dec 23, 1988
|Sep 19, 1989
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Engine piston assembly and forged piston member therefor having a cooling recess
|Nov 29, 1989
|Aug 13, 1991
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Intake manifold of internal combustion engine
|Jun 19, 1990
|Jul 28, 1992
|Goldstar Co., Ltd.
|Piston ring assembly for stirling engine
|Jul 29, 1991
|Aug 17, 1993
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Thermal barrier coating for metallic components
|Sep 30, 1992
|Apr 26, 1994
|United Technologies Corporation
|Ceramic composite coating material
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 1995
|Aug 19, 1997
|Northrop Grumman Corporation
|Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite cylinder head and cylinder head liner for an internal combustion engine
|Apr 14, 1997
|Mar 30, 1999
|Motorenfabrik Hatz Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Combustion engine
|Feb 27, 1998
|Feb 8, 2000
|General Electric Company
|Method to improve the service life of zirconia-based coatings applied by plasma spray techniques, using uniform coating particle size
|Jun 26, 1998
|Jan 9, 2001
|Quantum Energy Technologies
|Engine system employing an unsymmetrical cycle
|Apr 28, 1999
|Jun 26, 2001
|Mark Sisco
|Dual piston cylinder configuration for internal combustion engine
|Oct 4, 2001
|Feb 10, 2004
|Eaton Corporation
|Rotary blower with an abradable coating
|Jun 30, 2004
|May 30, 2006
|Briggs & Stratton Corporation
|Piston for an engine
|Jan 13, 2005
|Jun 27, 2006
|General Motors Corporation
|Piston with oxidation catalyst
|Feb 4, 2005
|Nov 6, 2007
|Benmaxx, Llc
|Fluid-cooled cylinder liner
|Dec 2, 2003
|May 5, 2009
|Diesel Engine Transformation Llc
|Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
|Sep 28, 2010
|Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc.
|Method to improve combustion stability in a controlled auto-ignition combustion engine
|May 3, 2011
|Dec 10, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Internal combustion engine with liquid cooling
|Dec 1, 2011
|Jun 9, 2015
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Heat-shielding film and method of forming the same
|Nov 28, 2011
|Oct 27, 2015
|Federal-Mogul Corporation
|Piston with anti-carbon deposit coating and method of construction thereof
|Feb 4, 2005
|Dec 15, 2005
|Benmaxx, Llc
|Fluid-cooled cylinder liner
|Jun 30, 2004
|Jan 5, 2006
|Schenkel Jerry L
|Piston for an engine
|Jan 13, 2005
|Jul 13, 2006
|Verbrugge Mark W
|Piston with oxidation catalyst
|Apr 6, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Najt Paul M
|Method to improve combustion stability in a controlled auto-ignition combustion engine
|Mar 27, 2008
|Oct 16, 2008
|Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.
|Piston and process for manufacturing the same
|Jun 16, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Approach for variable pressure oil injection
|Nov 10, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Internal Combustion Engine with Liquid Cooling
|Nov 28, 2011
|May 30, 2013
|Eduardo Matsuo
|Piston with anti-carbon deposit coating and method of construction thereof
|Dec 1, 2011
|Sep 19, 2013
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Heat-shielding film and method of forming the same
|May 27, 2014
|Nov 27, 2014
|Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Mechanical component for internal combustion engine, manufacturing method of mechanical component for internal combustion engine, and mechanical component
|Jul 16, 1996
|Feb 27, 1997
|Northrop-Grumman Corporation
|Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite cylinder head and cylinder head liner for an internal combustion engine
|Jan 17, 2003
|Aug 14, 2003
|Man B & W Diesel A/S
|Sep 3, 2014
|Mar 12, 2015
|Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi
|A combustion system with a heat recovery unit
|U.S. Classification
|123/193.6, 123/668, 123/193.2
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 3, 1995
Owner name: FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RAO, V. DURGA NAGESWAR;REEL/FRAME:007412/0975
Effective date: 19940928
|May 3, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 6, 2000
Owner name: MID-AMERICA COMMERCIALIZATION CORPORATION, A CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FORD MOTOR COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011369/0412
Effective date: 20001031
|Jan 8, 2001
Owner name: FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. A MICHIGAN CORPORAT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FORD MOTOR COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:011467/0001
Effective date: 19970301
|Apr 30, 2001
Owner name: MID-AMERICA COMMERCIALIZATION, KANSAS
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 011369 FRAME 0412;ASSIGNOR:FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011783/0528
Effective date: 20001201
|Jun 26, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 13, 2006
Owner name: FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION AND COMMERCIALIZATION;REEL/FRAME:017468/0050
Effective date: 20060405
|Jun 26, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Oct 12, 2007
Owner name: NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY ACQUIS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MID-AMERICA COMMERCIALIZATION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:019955/0279
Effective date: 20040628
|Dec 11, 2007
|Surcharge for late payment
|Dec 13, 2011
Owner name: KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION, KANSAS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:MID-AMERICA COMMERCIALIZATION CORPORATION;NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGICTECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION AND COMMERCIALIZATION;REEL/FRAME:027472/0361
Effective date: 20111011
|Jan 9, 2012
Owner name: KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZ
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION;REEL/FRAME:027544/0951
Effective date: 20111011


text:
Because of the flies water tower maintenance had to be postponed and the Icebreaker Mackinac Maritime Museum cancelled their 70th anniversary celebration and temporarily stopped their top-side tours.
Lisa Pallagi who is the General Manager of the Mackinaw Maritime Museum said the choice to postpone their outdoor events was not easy, but necessary.
â??Predominately this event was going to be outdoors,â?? said Pallagi. â??The ship needed to be shiny, we needed a big open space and we just couldn't do it to make it a nice event for everyone.â??
Despite looking like a common mosquito, midges are bite-less and only live above the water for a few days.
Normally midges only stay in one area for 2 weeks or so before they die and become food for fish. However, due to this year's colder weather they have been swarming the piers of Mackinaw City for more than 4 weeks.
Even though the pest problem may seem to be out of control for some visitors and businesses, most aren't letting this problem bug them.
â??The tourists are understanding of it, they say the tours are great,â?? said Pallagi. â??They know there's nothing the town can do about it. There's nothing the ship can do about it. So just know, it's a little life altering, but we're okay.â??
The Mackinaw Maritime Museum is still open for tours inside of the ship and plans to have her 70th anniversary celebration in September.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For You Blue
You may have caught the grand kabuki of Great Britain insisting it is a matter of preserving international law that they extradite Julian Assange for his alleged sexual crimes.
As Ian Welsh reminds us, Chilean dictator Pinochet had women raped with specially trained dogs, and Britain wouldn't extradite him.
Just so we're clear.
Six-legged giant insect
Virtually Speaking Thursday
Virtually Speaking with Jay Ackroyd 6p pacific 9p eastern
Jay and Eric Laursen discuss his book The People's Pension: The Struggle to Defend Social Security Since Reagan.
An independent financial and political journalist, activist, and commentator, Eric Laursen began his journalistic career as a reporter for Wall Street Letter, a weekly newsletter for the financial services industry. While co-founder and managing editor of Plan Sponsor, the leading monthly magazine for North American pension executives, he became interested in the debate over Social Security.
Listen live and later on BTR: http://www.blogtalkradio.com/
Twitter https://twitter.com/#!/
Amazon http://www.amazon.com/The-
I'm asking my Texas readers to take a look at this and sign this petition. Thanks!
Don't worry, the FDA already decided they weren't going to do anything about this:
A chemical widely used in plastic food and drink containers may narrow coronary arteries, raising the risk of heart attacks, research suggests.
High levels of bisphenol-A (BPA) in the urine were seen significantly more often in patients with severe damage to the arteries supplying blood to the heart.
Scientists analysed data from 591 participants in a UK study looking at the causes of coronary artery disease (CAD).
In all, 385 patients had severely damaged arteries, while 86 were moderately affected and 120 were healthy.
BPA levels were significantly higher in those with severe CAD compared with individuals having normal coronary arteries.
A number of previous studies have already linked the chemical to an increased risk of heart disease. The new study suggests that the specific reason for the association may be narrowing of the arteries.
Too big to jail
From NYT's Dealbook:
…In the most telling indication yet that the MF Global investigation is winding down, federal authorities are seeking to interview the former chief of the firm, Jon S. Corzine, next month, according to the people involved in the case. Authorities hope that Mr. Corzine, who is expected to accept the invitation, will shed light on the actions of other employees at MF Global.
Those developments indicate that federal prosecutors do not expect to file criminal charges against the formerNew Jerseygovernor. Mr. Corzine has not yet received assurances that he is free from scrutiny, but two rounds of interviews with former employees and a review of thousands of documents have left prosecutors without a case against him, say the people involved in the case who spoke on the condition of anonymity…
'Reasonable Republicans' an extinct breed
Several commenters have asked that I provide examples of Republicans making reasonable economic arguments; some of them seem to be saying that I'm proving my bias if I don't provide such examples.
But it doesn't work that way: if all Republicans are saying unreasonable things, then it's a distortion — indeed, a form of bias — to insist that there must be reasonable Republicans.
Now, what you can quite easily find are examples of people who used to be Republicans, or even still consider themselves Republicans, saying reasonable things — say, Bruce Bartlett or David Frum. But the very fact that they're reasonable has led to their excommunication from the movement!
Why do Americans idolize jerks?
The new book Ascent of the A-Word traces our love affair with "iconic assholes" like Steve Jobs, Donald Trump, Mark Zuckerberg and others.


text:
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I just received my save the dates and I can't wait to send them out! The paper is fantastic quality and the design is perfect. I changed the font to black and the color of the design to a light green. They look awesome!"
"i ordered this in the blue color, but changed the text color. the paper was high quality and the printing looked great. exactly what i was looking for: a quality product at a great price!"
"Thank you Wedding Paper Divas!!! You guys took our ideas and turned it into exactly what we wanted. Our wedding colors are ivory and navy blue so when you were able to change the color of the text to navy blue, our Save the Date Cards were spectacular! What was even more amazing is that I spoke to customer service within 3 minutes of being on the phone. When we talked you gave me suggestions, then had the proof done by the time we got off the phone-thank you!"
"We just received our save the dates, and I am very pleased with the simple but classy design. The paper quality is fantastic, and the colors are just how I wanted them. I wish the font was a little larger, but the proportions still look good."
"our save-the-dates came out great! i can't wait to order the actual invitations from this suite! the quality of the paper and the design are stunning. ordering online and being able to preview all colors and fonts was SO helpful. love it!"


text:
Clinic Announcements
FLU vs COLD: Questions to Ask Your Child
End of Year Message
It has been a busy year for the clinic! Here are a few things to keep in mind as the school year comes to an end.
I ask that you make plans to pick up all of your student�s medications from the clinic no later than Thursday, June 16.. Medication that has not been picked up will be disposed of. A new medication form is required each year as well as a new bottle of over the counter medication.
As your child grows and matures, it is important that they begin to take responsibility for their emergency inhalers and epi pens. If you feel that your child is ready to assume this task, please provide me with a completed Asthma Action Plan or Allergy Action Plan completed and signed by both you and your doctor at the start of the school year. It is necessary that the sections of the form that state the student can self-carry are completely filled out and signed by the doctor.
There are advantages of having the self-carry portion of the forms signed by your doctor even if your child is going to leave them in the clinic:
All sixth graders are required to have a Tetanus, Diptheria, Pertussis (Tdap) booster shot to start school on August 31, 2015. Immunization documentation may be submitted to Marsteller Middle School Monday Friday, 8am - 4pm or faxed to 703 530-6327.
Prince William Health Department
9301 Lee Avenue
Manassas, VA 20110
703 792-6300
4001 Prince William Parkway, Suite 101
Woodbridge, VA 22193
703 792-7300
Have a safe and sun-screened summer. I will see you on August 29th!
Nurse Janice
Keeping Our Kids Healthy!
The goal of the student health program is to support the learning and academic success of our students! Please help ensure the safety and health of all Marsteller students by:
Each School year a new HEALTH TREATMENT PLAN is required by Prince William County Schools for every student with a medical condition which may necessitate treatment at school.
Health Treatment Plans for ASTHMA (Reg 757-5), (Fillable form), SEVERE ALLERGIES (Reg 757-2), DIABETES (Reg 757-6), SEIZURES (Reg 757-7) and OTHER PROCEDURES or EMERGENCY health treatments (Reg 757-3) may be located and printed by clicking on the health condition's regulation number.
To facilitate a positive transition to the new school year, you and your health care provider must complete and sign the corresponding health treatment plan before treatment is implemented at school. Please deliver or fax the completed Health Treatment Plan to Marsteller Middle School between 8 am and 4 pm, Monday through Friday.
Thank you for your cooperation. Please feel free to contact me with any questions regarding your student�s health.
Clinic Files
Management of Epileptic Seizures.pdf
Managing Epileptic Seizures
R757-6.Administering Insulin and Glucagon pdf_1.pdf
Diabetes Health Treatment Plan
Medication Administration, Page 9 R757-4.pdf
Medication Authoriztion, Print Page 10. MD authorization required for prescription medications.
R757-5 (1) Asthma.pdf
Asthma Action Plan Policy
R757-5 attachment Virginia Asthma Action Plan.pdf
Fillable Asthma Action Plan
R757-2 Allergy Health Treatment Plan.pdf
Allergic Reactions, for use with emergency medications (Epinepherine) and related medications.
Nurse's News Calendar
Class Homework
No "Class Homework" exist(s)


text:
Right now, I am in Sweden, preparing to keynote a conference, thinking that the organizers are probably worrying about managing all the details. Every event organizer hopes her event will satisfy all her constituents, but knows how challenging that can be. She wants to do her best to make the conference run more comfortably for the attendee and more efficiently for the hosting organization (while maximizing ROI) and make sure the speakers are delivering the best content.
Planning and executing flawless events has never been an easy mission, and lots of credit goes to those talented event organizers who pull it off regularly. However, what if it could be made easier? Today's event organizers are flooded with more data than ever, but with fewer resources to handle all these data sources.
On the other side of that coin, I speak at 56 conferences, give or take, every year. I know what poor conference experiences feel like. The experience a host serves up is critical, and how event planners use the data they collect can make or break the experience for attendee and organizer alike. Increasingly, big data strategies could help manage all the logistics associated with events – and they can do it in real time, as the conference is taking place.
I was invited as one of the many "VIP influencers" to speak at IBM's SmarterCommerce Summit (Glen Gilmore explains what this means). During and following the conference, many of us related our enthusiasm via social media methods of blogs and tweets. IBM neither asked nor required anyone to blog or tweet about the event, but many did. It was difficult not to share enthusiasm for the ways IBM understands how commerce can get smarter (see Bryan Kramer's reactions here).
People are doing many mind-blowing things with big data technologies, but IBM addressed a matter near and dear to my conferencing heart, and I would like to share my enthusiasm: I have never attended an event run more smoothly.
At the conference, Alliance Tech demonstrated to me how it accomplished this feat. It used RFID technology, embedding sensors in badges to help organizers equipped with iPads manage a variety of tasks:
- Track the real-time behavior of people at conference trade booths to evaluate a range of key metrics to encourage more at-show sales and develop an intelligent show strategy.
- Ascertain the number and quality of leads individual exhibitors are generating.
- Monitor the flow of individuals through the conference spaces and keep track of audience numbers and compare them with session evaluations to determine the popularity and value of individual speakers.
- Evaluate through social media the opinions and comments of people involved in the event to learn customer reactions and preferences.
Information on what is happening in real time helps organizers do things like negotiate the number of breakfasts needed each morning given the attrition rate of participants. Are more chairs needed in a late afternoon session? Does partitioning need to be rearranged to increase room size? Was a person who is criticizing a speaker actually sitting in the session? This information and more is at the staff's fingertips the second they need it.
Social media tools can expand an event organizer's understanding of what is happening then and there. To demonstrate how these applications fit in, IBM partnered with several companies to set up a social media command center. Whom did it monitor on the dashboard? Every participant.
OneQube (the left, white half of the dashboard), a company specializing in relationship management and engagement in Twitter chats and hashtags, displayed real-time information on all mentions and tweets for each participant. At one point, I ranked as a Jedi in the volume of real-time impressions; kind of cool since I had never been a Jedi before. :) That alongside the Foreigner concert they put on gave me real flashbacks to the late 1970s.
MutualMind (the right, black half of the dashboard), a social media monitoring and analytics company, set up an example of real-time analytics that can help businesses understand their customers in context.
Eric Gore describes the specifics of MutualMind's analytics.
In addition to its live feeds, MutualMind sent me a copy of "My Personal Profiler" document.
A number of bloggers who were at the conference have 100,000-plus followers. I am not one of those bloggers. But when it comes to the "Klout score," a measure of influence, I scored very high among the attendees; not because I have the biggest social reach, but because the people who follow me skew very influential.
MutualMind also prepared a word cloud of my audience's topics; this draws from the frequency of words they put in their Twitter profile to show who they are and what they are interested in. Many people's profiles are filled with words related to "life" and "love," such as "coffee" or "sailing." I was surprised to learn what my word audience topic cloud looked like.
Almost every word is indicative of my area of interest and occupation. This word cloud suggests my Twitter connections are in line with the audience IBM wanted to reach during this conference and demonstrates what others find as notable value in my content.
From social media tools like these, event organizers can work with a level of business intelligence that hasn't been possible before. Who is influencing whom? What are they saying that would help planners plan more effectively? What do participants want?
Logistics for a single event are complicated, but managing conference logistics as IBM is doing takes commerce to a whole new, smarter level. As someone who speaks at 56 conferences each year, I would be thrilled if all event planners were applying data in this way.
Related reading
Tencent's Emily Ma on the challenges for marketers in China
Emily Ma, product director of Tencent's advertising platform products department, was a keynote speaker at ClickZ Live Shanghai where she discussed the ... read more
14 ways to reduce your site's bounce rates
I've often looked at bounce rates and associated metrics as a way to measure the general stickiness and appeal of a website. ... read more
11 lessons you can learn from your site search data
The terms that customers type into your site search function can help you to gain an understanding of user behaviour and can be used to optimise ... read more
How to create your own segments in Google Analytics
Google Analytics comes with lots of standard reports and settings, but with a little customisation you can extract much more value. One way is ... read more


text:
Finding strength is common in Paleo. When you dive into the lifestyle you begin to feel energized, lighter, yet stronger. I've seen a wonderful trend of Paleo enthusiasts finding their hunger for physical strength really take off as the weight loss and health improvements increase. And I am all for this. Though we can define strength many ways, our muscles represent a critical part of the health equation. Building muscle does more than change your body composition. It conditions your hormones, reverses the aging process, supports healthy digestion, improves your sleep quality, reduces the negative impacts of stress on your body, improves your poster, boosts the immune system, provides energy, increases your metabolism, and overall it ends wars and provides world peace. No seriously.
So let me present to you a man who has literally changed the industry of power lifting and body building. Someone all professionals and novices alike should study. All old school meat heads, young and seasoned, know who this man is. Even modern day athletes continue to worship him alongside Arnold and some other Golden Age figures in Physical Culture. But if you're new to strength training, let me introduce you to Fred Hatfield:
Dr. Hatfield, in a nutshell, can squat an elephant. He has written over 60 books and training manuals, a former Olympic powerlifting and bodybuilding coach, and is the current President of I.S.S.A (International Sports Science Association). He is a a voice to be heard, and I think anyone new to strength training should consider lending him an ear. Women, men, kids: all ages. New to strength training, or at it for a while. His practice of combining physical and mental strength makes him the Yoda of body building. His message is clear: Building strength is not just about physical gains, it's building character, mind-body connectedness, passion, and spiritual growth.
Wow! The story of my LIFE! OKI, here goes. I was an Olympic lifter and bodybuilder in high school, winning the Teenage Mr. Connecticut totle, and breaking a few stte records in lifting. My true love was gymnastics, though, and zas soon as I was discharged from the Marine Corps, I entered Southern Connecticut State University and competed as a gymnast under the coaching of Abe Grossfeld, himself a famous Olympic competitor. As a gymnast, I still competed in Olympic weightlifting and bodybuilding. Years went by, and I dropped from gymnastics and competed in OL and BB on the national level. I was ranked in the top 3 OL in the country (181 lb. class), and qualified to compete in the Mr. America competition. Instead, I opted to switch to powerlifting, being tired of not making the Olympic team (this was in 1976). I experienced instant success in powerlifting, and went on to break over 30 world records in 5 different weight divisions over the years. I was tagged with the nickname "Dr. Squat" by some of my students at the University of Wisconsin where I taught. The name, of course, was from 1) being a Ph.D., and 2) being the best squatter in the world.
In retrospect, it was my unflagging PASSION for what I did. It's hard to tell someone to get passionate, as that's an inward commitment one makes. Nonetheless, I found that I was pretty good at instilling this quality into my students, athletes and my kids. When one acquires passion, winning becomes a foregone conclusion.
The hardest lesson I've had to learn was, and remains to be, to keep my focus on the important things in life. These things are spiritual in nature. It wasn't until near the end of my career as a competitive athlete that I finally got it through my thick head.
The old Arthur Jones system of HIT (high intensity training) was a monstrous joke that doggedly hung on for too long. It featured one set to failure, and once a week training. Thankfully, it's near death. But truthfully, all of the so-called silver bullet training methods shared one thing in common, that being their inability to live up to all of the laws of training. So, they continue to come and go. The latest to fail to live up to these laws are p90x and crossfit. There are many others. That's not to say they're bad. But they're only "good" (on a scale of good, better, best).
Because I had the insight to see the flaws. My lifetime commitment (passion) has been to develop BEST practice!
I have abandoned many practices when I finally learned that there was a better way. If I've been consistent, it was in how frequently I abandoned training practices as I discovered better ones. One recent example of this is having to abandon my beliefs in the area of sports/fitness nutrition. Scientific discoveries of a monumentally important nature just keep coming these days, owing in large part to new methods of research opening up as a result of the newly established genomics field of research.
"PASSION …and Peak Performance!
NOT commitment to excellence… Rather, utter disdain for anything less!
NOT endless hours of practice… Instead, PERFECT practice!
NOT ability to cope… Rather, total domination of EVERY situation in life!
NOT setting goals… Goals too often prescribe performance limits!
NOT doing what it takes to win… Instead, a burning commitment to do what no one has ever done, or will ever do again!!
NOT need to achieve… Instead, doing what it takes to EXCEED the bounds of mere convention
NOT force of skill or muscle… Rather, it's the explosive, sometimes calamitous force of WILL!
If you believe in and practice these things, then for you, winning is neither everything nor the only thing as the great Vince Lombardi once said. If you believe in and practice these things, then, for you, winning has become a FOREGONE CONCLUSION!
But if, along the way, you somehow stumble, PROFIT from the experience! Then, vow, by the power of Almighty God, it'll NEVER happen again!"
Check out issaonline.edu for more information on education, training, and resources.
Interview with Dr. Fred Hatfield, aka "Dr. Squat" By Sara Eye
Sara Eye is a certified exercise coach, holistic nutritionist, as well as a counselor in whole body wellness with 12 years experience in research and application. She works with clients from all of the world, customizing each program per the individual. She holds advanced certifications through the International Sports Science Association, Penn Foster and the CHEK Institute, having completed custom design courses in sport-specific conditioning, fitness and structural assessments, scientific core conditioning, back training and program design for individual body composition and strength training. She has also completed courses in Substance Abuse and Addiction, and Hormones & Metabolism. She uses her continuing exploration, and understanding of the metaphysical correlations with physical symptoms, sociocultural influences on lifestyle habits and choices. She applies the science of mindfulness to access values and determine specific, attainable goals through a comprehensive system of questionnaires, health assessments, and 1-1 counseling. Sara endorses and implements holistic nutritional therapies based on the Metabolic Typing© method, discovering your intuitive needs with the Primal Pattern© and designs protocols using the David Getoff food pyramid or a solid Paleo Diet© foundation. Her passion reveals itself through her proficiency in interrelational cause and effect relationships of meridians, glands, organs, and each of the 12 systems of the body, and the correlation of a person's unique, physical construction to their mental-emotional capacities allows her to calibrate definitive and customized programs for her clients.
[…] weight, but when collected and added up with all the other minutiae, created a 2-ton elephant. And I'm not Fred Hatfield… so I can't carry that shit. And neither can you. Example: the news. Why do you […]Reply


text:
Best type of lunch break- shagging the eyecandy with nothing but his black sox on! Want to slurp on those curled sox so much as his filthy cunt takes it!!!
Login here to add your own comment:
Do not have a free account yet?
Stop dicking around and sign-up!
Lost password?


text:
Our Mission
To provide school communities with the tools, training, resources and funding that enables them to create healthier food and redefine lunchroom environments.
Programs + Initiatives
Project ProduceThe Chef Ann Foundation has teamed up with Skoop, a superfoods company committed to bringing the health benefits of superfoods to every American. Together we have...
The Lunch BoxThe Lunch Box is an online resource that is dedicated to supporting school districts and food service teams in transitioning their food programs from relying...
Salad Bars to SchoolsLet's Move Salad Bars to Schools (LMSB2S) supports schools in expanding their commitment to serving fresh fruits and vegetables by donating salad bars to school...
About Chef Ann
Chef Ann Cooper is an internationally recognized author, chef, educator, public speaker, and advocate of healthy food for all children.
Where is Chef Ann?
Real School Food Challenge - Celebrity Chef Edition
Join Chef Ann Foundation and Steelite International for the first ever Real School Food Challenge - Celebrity Chef Edition. Acclaimed DC chefs will be competing to see who can rule school food. The challenge? Who can create the best culinary inspired school lunch recipe that meets healthy USDA guidelines? The Challenge? Can they do it using the same budget that schools have to spend - $1.25 per meal.
- Steelite DC Showroom, Alexandria, VA
Want Chef Ann to Speak
at Your Next Event?
From the Blog
Over $1 Million Available to School Districts for School Food Support!Supporting clean food and children's health
BOULDER, Colo., Sept. 15, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Dedicated to improving school meals...
Multimedia Content
Chef Ann speaks to her vision for healthy school food for every kid, every day.


text:
Hotels in Blanchland, United Kingdom
Search & Compare Blanchland Hotels
Get Secret Prices on select hotels
These prices aren't available to everyone.
Trending now in Blanchland
Hotels in Blanchland
- Most bookedLord Crewe Arms
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This was, I admit, a desperate booking to avoid the exorbitant rates for Newcastle Hotels for the Great North Run. We wanted a place with food, dog friendly and within one hour of Newcastle. A cursory glance made me pick what I thought was a glorified pub. So wrong! The welcome and ambience were ..."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
Hotels within 5 miles of Blanchland
131 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Almost everything about the hotel was perfect. The setting, luxury interiors, spa, fantastic bed and view. Only slightly spoilt by the cool welcome by the receptionist and waiting an hour and a half for room service. That said, I will recommend and return."
K, Sep 2016, GB
17 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The staff at The Rose and Crown are some of the friendliest I've ever had the pleasure of meeting. We were down for a wedding, and they were incredibly accommodating and welcoming. The room was clean and quiet, and breakfast was cooked fresh. The village is small, and bit out of the way, but ..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Stayed in a 2 bed cabin that was well equipped and beautifully clean, and overlooked part of the large garden. Chose this place for being dog friendly and the only disappointment was that we had only booked for 1 night. Would definitely return and recommend."
b, Aug 2016, GB
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We were lucky to get a room at the Punch Bowl to break our journey south from a visit to Hadrian's Wall. This was a last minute and unplanned Bank Holiday booking after we stayed an extra day looking at Roman sites. The Punch Bowl is highly praised by many visitors and fully deserves all the fa..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
3 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels within 10 miles of Blanchland
10 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"West here for a couple of nights to enables to walk a bit of the Hadrian's Wall path. It's really closet the best bits of the wall. Really nice stay as the couple are very welcoming and the B&B is great. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Hotel is new and very spacious rooms for central London. Air conditioning was poor so if it's warm weather be careful as sleeping was difficult. Overall excellent hotel"
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We stayed at The Travellers Rest while in route to Scotland. Our room was very well appointed with all the things that you expect from a hotel, TV, tea and coffee making facilities, hair dryer etc. It was both clean and comfortable. In the evening we enjoyed a delicious meal in the restaurant,..."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
Most recent review
"A little hard to find with google maps but well worth persevering the hostess is lovely very comfortable, clean and up to date, it was an experience not just a room to stay in."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
Best hotels in Blanchland
If you are looking for Blanchland hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Blanchland by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Blanchland are:
- Lord Crewe Arms
- The Manor House Inn
- The Burnside
- Stanhope Old Hall
- Rye Hill Farm
The location of your Blanchland hotel is important. If you are traveling to Blanchland, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Blanchland. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Blanchland for as low as $208 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 5 reviews in Blanchland. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


text:
Press Room
Association News
Sep 19, 2016
Credit unions must be ready to receive same-day automated clearing house (ACH) credit transactions...
Sep 19, 2016
Cybersecurity is becoming increasing important as the NCUA looks to evaluate the subject.
Sep 19, 2016
The briefing is scheduled to run from 2 to 4 p.m.
Sep 19, 2016
Learn about amendments to the regulation implementing the Military Lending Act.
Sep 15, 2016
CUNA Mutual Group discusses the importance if engaging youth in financial literacy.
Sep 15, 2016
The partnership brings additional security to credit union members.
Sep 15, 2016
The association participated in a working lunch with the Secretary of DLLR.
Sep 15, 2016
Make holiday shopping easy for your members, offer them CU-Money gift cards.
Sep 15, 2016
Share your story today and win up to $21,000 for your charity of choice!
Sep 15, 2016
Find out where today's data breaches are now occuring.
CU News
Aug 17, 2016
Andrews Federal supports their local community.
Aug 17, 2016
The disaster relief system will help credit unions impacted by flooding.
Aug 17, 2016
Credit Union Miracle Day is title sponsor of CU Cherry Blosson Ten Mile Run.
Aug 17, 2016
A new member service model will be introduced.
Aug 16, 2016
Tracey Jackson joins AFFCU's management team.
Aug 10, 2016
Blog focuses on what Democracy FCU can share with members to make their lives easier.
Aug 10, 2016
ESFCU presents scholarships to graduating high school seniors & community college students.
Aug 10, 2016
50,000 bonus point offer on NASA Federal's Star Trek credit cards.
Aug 10, 2016
Point Breeze CU announces the recipients of its tenth annual scholarship program.
Aug 3, 2016
2016 Scholarship Award recipient announced.
RSS News
Apr 27, 2015
Eight financial institutions, including Greater Texas FCU, adopt the app within 40 days.
Apr 27, 2015
As of late Friday afternoon, credit unions, state credit union leagues, CUNA and other stakeholders...
Apr 27, 2015
Philadelphia man alleges former Borinquen FCU board members took part in the credit union's...
Apr 27, 2015
Bill would kill the present regulation and mandate how another would need to be developed.
Apr 27, 2015
CUNA President/CEO Jim Nussle took to the airwaves Friday to highlight the massive costs facing...
Apr 27, 2015
Creating a "best" organization requires a culture of purpose with heart and soul, said...
Apr 27, 2015
Credit unions criticize and question the necessity of the revised risk-based capital rule.
Apr 25, 2015
The $613 million credit union argues the ACUA's cease and desist order should be voided.
Apr 25, 2015
$3.6B SoCal credit union adds software that streamlines commercial lending processing and reporting.
Apr 24, 2015
The Minnesota Credit Union Network and MidMinnesota FCU, Baxter, welcomed a special guest during a...
CU in the Community
Mar 14, 2014
Spread the word about Money Power Day March 22.
Mar 11, 2014
Securityplus Federal Credit Union was a proud sponsor of the 5th Annual B'More Healthy Expo on...
Jan 31, 2014
Read this article to relieve your fear of the recent large scale data breaches.
Jan 13, 2014
Securityplus Federal Credit Union is proud to be a presenting sponsor of the 5th Annual B'More...
Jan 8, 2014
Employees of APG Federal Credit Union (APGFCU) donated gifts for two Cecil County families in need...
Jan 3, 2014
Employees of APG Federal Credit Union (APGFCU) donated gifts for two Cecil County families in need...
Jan 3, 2014
Atlantic Financial Federal Credit Union took part in St. Vincent's Villa's "Season...
Dec 17, 2013
Good Afternoon, Please see the press release regarding our recent visit with Santa and Mrs. Claus....
Oct 9, 2013
APG Federal Credit Union Offers Financial Help for Furloughed Federal Employees and Federal...
Oct 9, 2013
Securityplus joined 240 teams on October 5th at the ADA's annual 'Step Out' 5K walk...


text:
The average salary of a(n) Accountant in Brookline, Massachusetts is $73,644.
The average hourly rate of a(n) Accountant in Brookline, Massachusetts is $35.41.
The average bonus of a(n) Accountant in Brookline, Massachusetts is $2,578.00.
Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association
Preparation and posting of various monthly journal entries. Research and preparation of monthly reconciliations for accounts including written premium, loss...View job on Indeed.com
Longwood Venues + Destinations
Preparing recurring and adjusting journal entries. We work harder, we think smarter & we are more creative. WHO WE ARE*....View job on Indeed.com
Boston Redevelopment Authority
Prepare monthly journal entries; Perform reconciliations of general ledger accounts. Under the direction of the Controller, the Agency is seeking a Junior...View job on Indeed.com
Community Resources for Justice
Completes agency bank reconciliations. Revenue and expense account reconciliations. Create and upload journal entries....View job on Indeed.com
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Specific duties of the Accountant II include:. The Accountant II is a member of the Department's Accounting/Bill Paying Unit....View job on Indeed.com


text:
Ship Wheels
The iBoats Hippo:
A dominating presence on both land and sea
Your Trusted Source on the water
The iBoats Experience
Boats for SaleBrowse thousands of constantly-updated listings and search by location, brand, and boat type See more...
AdviceConnect with our expansive community and tap into the knowledge base of the most dedicated boaters around. See more...
Shop ProductsBrowse and search for hundreds of thousands of boat parts, accessories, and supplies to suit your every need.
3 results
Starting at: $108.99
List price: $135.00
Your price: $415.99
List price: $450.00
Starting at: $246.99
List price: $265.00
3 results


text:
Search Results for jerry seinfeld
Jerry Seinfeld Will Interview President Obama, Kim Kardashian Unveils Kimojis, And More
today's headlines. 1. President Obama is going on Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee . First Bear Grylls, now Jerry Seinfeld ? Barack is clearly gearing up for his own show in 2017. [ Deadline ] 2. The Top 10 Searched Lyrics of 2015 were
The 'Star Wars' Spin Off Casts Its Leading Lady, Leonardo DiCaprio Donates To Adrien Grenier's Kickstarter Campaign, And More
character is Margot's eyebrows. [ Twitter ] 5. Jerry Seinfeld and Julia Louis-Dreyfus reunited for his webseries. Don ..... Felicity Jones , Greek , Headlines , jake mcdormand , Jerry Seinfeld , Julia Louis-Dreyfus , kate middleton , Leonardo
This Is The 'Seinfeld ' Reunion You've Been Waiting For
this year for Seinfeld fans! Jerry Seinfeld , Jason Alexander, and Michael ..... raised $250,000. You can watch Jerry Seinfeld interview some of the entertainment ..... Coffee . Tagged: Jason Alexander , Jerry Seinfeld , Michael Richards , Seinfeld
Jimmy Fallon To Get 'Coffee' With Jerry Seinfeld , Angelina Jolie Goes Blonde, And More
be a good day! This morning, Jerry Seinfeld announces the lineup for Comedians ..... in today's headlines: 1. Jerry Seinfeld has announced the stars set to appear ..... Cars Getting Coffee , Headlines , Jerry Seinfeld , Jimmy Fallon , Joan Rivers
8 Iconic NYC Landmarks From Movies And Television
s Cafe, the fictional hangout of Jerry , George, Elaine, and Kramer on the classic NBC series Seinfeld . Sadly, we have no word on the whereabouts of Reggie's diner ..... locations , movie sets , New York City , NYC , Seinfeld , stephen colbert , tv locations , When
Vanessa Hudgens' New Ad Campaign Photos Are Unretouched, Fifth Harmony Drops 'Bo$$' New Video, And More
to a text message near you: Seinfeld emojis! A free app named Seinfeld Emoji has been submitted ..... App Store. Emojis include Jerry , George, Kramer, Elaine, a box of Junior ..... Fifth Harmony , Robbie Amell , Seinfeld , the hunger games , Vanessa
Webby Awards: Are Five Words Really Enough?
Five words is... not enough ( Jerry Seinfeld , Webby Comedian of the Year Award for "Comedians ..... laugh out loud. I mean, with Jerry Seinfeld , I would have laughed no matter ..... favorite? Ben Stiller Colin Quinn Jerry Seinfeld Patton Oswalt
Arrested Meme Development
relevant today. Even after its season finale 15 years ago, Seinfeld is still probably the most referenced show. Maybe it has something ..... Cinco De Mayo party. I, for one, believe I am more like Jerry . Though I will occasionally make bad purchases I always tend
No Pants? No Problem
comes to mind is the Seinfeld episode entitled "Subway." Jerry , Elaine, Kramer ..... course, in typical Seinfeld fashion, each of ..... far from normal. Jerry falls asleep and awakes to a nude ..... denis leary , HBO , Jerry Seinfeld , Jonathan Demme
Many big names are taking their talents to the web -- which new series will you watch?
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee from jerry Seinfeld Burning Love from Ben Stiller Electric City from Tom Hanks Larry King Now from Larry King


text:
Winslow Jobs
Looking for jobs in Winslow? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Winslow jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Winslow, AR Job Openings
USA TruckWINSLOW
CRST ExpeditedWinslow and Surrounding Areas
Winslow, AR
USA TruckWINSLOW
Cities within 20 miles of Winslow, AR
- Fayetteville, AR (125 jobs)
- Ozark, AR (22 jobs)
- Farmington, AR (10 jobs)
- WEST FORK, AR (4 jobs)
- PRAIRIE GROVE, AR (3 jobs)
- MOUNTAINBURG, AR (3 jobs)
- WINSLOW, AR (3 jobs)
- WESLEY, AR (3 jobs)
- MORROW, AR (3 jobs)
- CHESTER, AR (3 jobs)
- CANEHILL, AR (3 jobs)


text:
Kevin Cline
Mariota is in danger each time he decides to run.
Oregon's most undervalued position is the backup quarterback. But how can a backup quarterback be an important player when he is not even playing?
With an offense such as the Ducks' spread, the quarterback carries the ball an unusual amount of times compared to the classic I formation. Marcus Mariota had 752 rushing yards last season on an enormous 106 carries — tallying more carries than De'Anthony Thomas. With so many carries, the quarterback exposes himself to ruthless defenders vying to take him out, once and for all.
Mariota's speed has allowed him to scamper out of bounds or slide when he sees impending doom. After seeing an increased number of carries, however, Mariota is flirting with danger every time he tucks the ball and runs. A mobile quarterback is crucial to a successful spread offense, so Mariota's large amount of carries is not surprising. He must, however, keep in mind that extending a play with his legs might be a bad idea, especially after he has a first down. The longer he stays up and tries to extend a play with his feet, the more he is exposed – and the higher the probability of injury.
Backup quarterbacks Jake Rodrigues and Jeff Lockie are currently in a tight race for the second spot on the quarterback depth chart. Both quarterbacks have no college in-game experience, but if for some reason Mariota goes down (knock on wood he doesn't) they'll need to be ready to put on their helmets, and take over an offense which is heavily dependent on quick decisions made by the quarterback.


text:
Using Dawn To Clean Oiled Birds?
Read more below: C.V. Harquail, a former University of Virginia business school professor who runs the blog AuthenticOrganization.com, says this:
Symbolically, however, the commitment to retrieve, wash and try to rehabilitate injured birds is very significant. Washing these oiled, injured birds is an act of contrition, a demonstration of concern and an expression of hope... Given the many layers of motivation and meaning behind Dawn's involvement in Oiled Bird Rescue, I'm willing to look beyond my own cynicism to view any increase in Dawn's efforts to promote their cause in a more generous and hopeful way.Read the original New York Times article here, and the Green blog discussion here. What do you think? (Image: Flickr member IngridTaylor licensed under Creative Commons)


text:
Products/Services for Radiated High-intensity Fields
Electrical Field Strength Sensors - (26 companies)Electrical field strength sensors are used to measure the strength of electrical fields. Electric fields are the product of voltage and become stronger as the voltage increases. DC electric field strength sensors are used to measure static charges...Show More
Magnetic Field Sensors - (78 companies)Magnetic field sensors measure magnetic field strength, direction, and/or magnetic flux. They are used for scientific measurement, navigation, and industrial applications. How to Select Magnetic Field Sensors. Image Credit: Balluf. Magnetic field...Show More
Magnetic Field Instruments - (158 companies)Magnetic field instruments include meters, gauges, recorders and other instrumentation for the measurement of magnetic fields and/or magnetic flux. How to Select Magnetic Field Instruments. Image Credit: MicroSense, Ohio Semitronics, Extech...Show More
Field Intensity Meters - (44 companies)Receivers are used to detect buried or hidden piping, equipment or ferromagnetic ores. RF field intensity meters are used measure the strength of an electromagnetic field. These instruments or receivers are used to detect buried or hidden piping...Show More
EMF Meters - (60 companies)EMF meters detect and monitor harmful electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields surrounding personal or work areas. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of force produced by the voltage and current which surround electrical wires...Show More
Electrostatic Meters - (46 companies)Electrostatic meters measure voltage, field and charge without transferring the charge to the instrument. As a result, it is unnecessary to modify parameters due to changing loads. Electrostatic meters measure voltage, field, and charge without...Show More
EMI and RFI Testers - (48 companies)...in continuity with the power lines to the equipment. These passive LISN networks establish a consistent impedance to allow repeatability of test results. Conducted emissions are measured by using an RF connection to a port on the LISN. Radiated emissions...Show More
Electrical and EMC Testing Services - (384 companies)Electrical and EMC testing services evaluate parts and products for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI), dielectric properties, conductivity, electrostatic discharge (ESD), insulation resistance, and other electrical characteristics.Show More
Plugin Style Surge Suppressors - (138 companies)Plugin style surge suppressors plug into wall outlets to protect equipment from transient overvoltages.Show More
Dataline and DC Signal Surge Suppressors - (207 companies)Dataline and DC signal surge suppressors protect equipment from transient overvoltages present on data or DC signal lines.Show More
Product News
Meggitt Sensing Systems - Measurement Group
High-Intensity Endevco® Piezoelectric Microphone Meggitt Sensing Systems, a Meggitt group division, has introduced the Endevco ® model 2510 piezoelectric sound pressure level microphone, designed to measure very high-intensity acoustic noise and very low pressure fluctuations over a wide temperature range, supporting extreme acoustic measurement applications such as rocket launch separation studies and high-temperature aircraft engine noise monitoring, among others. Featuring a rugged design, a wide sound pressure measurement range of 100... (read more)Browse Measurement Microphones Datasheets for Meggitt Sensing Systems - Measurement Group
Heraeus Noblelight America LLC
Custom High Intensity Discharge Lamps Modern analysis instruments need light sources of a quality that optimally supports their performance capability. Deuterium lamps, hollow-cathode lamps and other special light sources made by Heraeus are not only designed for long life but also for maximum, reproducible precision and stability. (read more)
MuShield Company, Inc. (The)
Custom Magnetic Field Instruments The MuShield Advantage is one of experience, knowledge and customer-centric practices. Our extensive engineering experience allows us to contribute to the design process if required. Our experience can help determine which materials and manufacturing methods will be most efficient and of highest quality. (read more)
Daemar Inc.
Oil Field Thread Protection Oilfield drilling equipment requires the use of heavy drill pipes that are expensive and are susceptible to damage. Thread protection is vital for the optimal and successful operation of drilling systems. Our line of plastic thread protectors is quite extensive and covers any type of field application or occurrence, including extreme weather and rough handling conditions. Product Range. The thread protectors are available for Tubing (EUE, NUE), Casing (BTC, LTC, STC) and Tool Joint (REG, IF, FH... (read more)Browse Caps, Grips, and Closures Datasheets for Daemar Inc.
Rieker, Inc.
Configurable at Your Desktop or in the Field Flex Series H6 Inclinometer: User Configurable All-in-One. ±180 º Range - User Configurable at Your Desktop or in the Field. All-weather IP68 Rugged Metal Housing. Accuracy over Temperature 0.1 º. -40..+85 ºC Operating Temperature. Dual and Single Axis Measurement. Built-in 4..20mA and RS485 simultaneous outputs. CAN available upon request. Daisy Chain or Multi-drop to Extend Angle Monitoring Capabilities. Consolidate Inventory - All-in-one sensor. All in one... (read more)
Wyssmont Company, Inc.
Field Erected Units The TURBO-DRYER® consists of a stack of slowly rotating circular trays. Material is fed onto the top tray. After one revolution the material is wiped onto the next lower tray where it is mixed, leveled, and then after one revolution, wiped to the next tray where the operation is repeated. The trays are contained in an enclosure in which heated air or gas is circulated by internal fans. Even, thorough and rapid drying Wyssmont TURBO-DRYER® delivers very uniformly dried product because material is... (read more)Browse Process Dryers Datasheets for Wyssmont Company, Inc.
Isotech, Inc.
Traceable Lasers for Every Field are used with a high quality CCD sensor (Charge Coupled Device) allowing for optimal and expanded field of vision depending on required dimensions. The (SLR) visions system can be designed to manage and view marks with great detail from medium to large fields. Alternatively, the TTL (through the lens) vision system is the ideal solution for centering marks on small parts that require extreme precision and very high definition. With over 25 years in the industry, Lasit is able to complete custom... (read more)Browse Laser Engraving and Laser Marking Machines Datasheets for Isotech, Inc.
Johnson Controls / FRICK / YORK PROCESS SYSTEMS
Quantum HD Field Retrofit Kit Once again the market has spoken, and Frick by Johnson controls listened...Introducing the Quantum ™HD Field Retrofit Kit!. Retrofit your existing Quantum 4A and Quantum LX controllers without removing the existing enclosure. Peace of Mind has never been easier or more affordable!. The Quantum HD Field Retrofit kit places the Highest Definition of control at your fingertips, while simultaneously extending the support of your equipment for years to come!. The Quantum HD Field Retrofit Kit... (read more)Browse Gas Compressors and Gas Compressor Systems Datasheets for Johnson Controls / FRICK / YORK PROCESS SYSTEMS
Infolytica Corporation
ElecNet v7 Field Simulation Software ElecNet 2D/3D is the leading electric field simulation software tool. Designers can easily model the most complicated devices and accurately predict their behavior. Based on finite element analysis methods, ElecNet solves static, AC and transient electric field and current flow problems. Analyze and predict the performance of: Transformers. Insulation Systems. EMC Compatibility. Bus Bars. MEMS. High Voltage Components. Shielding. Cables. Capacitive Sensors/NDT. Many more. NEW in Version 7... (read more)Browse Modeling and Simulation Software Datasheets for Infolytica Corporation
A.H. Systems Inc.
High Field Rod Antenna Kit Antenna Kit AK-HFR. Description. For applications where high sensitivity is required, A.H. Systems set of H-Field Rods provides an accurate standard for magnetic field testing. Features. 100 Hz to 30 MHz. Individually Calibrated. Improved Sensitivity. Rugged Construction. Three Year Warranty. . The A.H. Systems set of H-Field rods provide an accurate standard for magnetic field testing. For those situations when improved sensitivity is desired in magnetic field testing, the H-Field rod... (read more)Browse Antennas Datasheets for A.H. Systems Inc.
Federal Register > Monday, August 6, 2007 > [72 FR 44016] High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection for Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems
You can get copies of the final AC 20-158, "The Certification of Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems for Operation in the High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Environment", from the FAA's Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) at the Web site: http://www …
Federal Register > Thursday, October 13, 2005 > [70 FR 59630] Special Conditions: Learjet Model 35 Series; High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
These systems may be vulnerable to high intensity radiated fields external to the airplane.


text:
Rent Basic Concepts for Managing Telecommunications Networks 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Lawrence Bernstein. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Springer.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


text:
The 2016 Unicorn Darts range is the exhilaration of excellence blending 75 years of experience with innovation and state of the art technologies. Working with UniBoffin and our world championship team we bring you our finest ever darts, backed up with an impressive range of accessories to enhance your skill.
For the latest news Unicorn products and players, major tournaments, competitions and insights. Led by Styart Pyke, we bring you news from around the world of darts.
Team Unicorn is without doubt the finest team of international darts players in the world containing more major tournament wins and winners than any other. It is perhaps the greatest recommendation of the brand that so many great professionals use and promote Unicorn Darts.
Unicorn Community continues to expand on a daily basis. Unicorn's Website, YouTube, Facebook. UniLab, UniScore, 180 Club and Sigma Owners Club are all attracting new followers. Competitions, Heritage, finishing tips and "how to play" videos are all here. Thank you for being part of the Unicorn Community.
Posted by Unicorn at 12:30 on 28th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
He has enjoyed the best year of his career and to celebrate Joe Cullen has agreed a new long-term deal with Unicorn. For the first time, Cullen is now in the world's top 32 and all the signs are pointing to a big leap over the next 12 months.
Posted by Unicorn at 13:21 on 25th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
There are three mouthwatering all Unicorn clashes in the 1st Round of the World Grand Prix. The tournament starts at the City West Hotel in Dublin next Sunday.
Posted by Unicorn at 22:50 on 24th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
World Champion Gary Anderson has all but booked his spot in the semi-finals of the Champions League in Cardiff.
Posted by Unicorn at 19:08 on 22nd September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Michael Van Gerwen has completed an astonishing treble by winning three Players Championship tournaments in three days!
Posted by Unicorn at 19:05 on 21st September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Dimitri van den Bergh has shown once again why he is being tipped for big things in the world of darts. The Team Unicorn starlet reached the semi-finals of a Pro Tour event for the first time in his career.
Posted by Unicorn at 21:59 on 18th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Raymond van Barneveld will miss this year's European Championship.
Posted by Unicorn at 23:11 on 13th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Team Unicorn duo Kim Huybrechts and James Wade just fell short at the latest big Euro Tour event in Germany.
Posted by Unicorn at 23:31 on 4th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Unicorn youngster Dimitri van den Bergh has collected his first big title of the year. The talented Belgian picked up an important title on the latest PDC Unicorn Development Tour weekend in Wigan.
Posted by Unicorn at 23:17 on 4th September 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
Unicorn ace Kim Huybrechts has again just missed out on a big PDC title. The Belgian lost a last decider to Mensur Suljovic in the final of the International Darts Open in Riesa on Sunday night.
Posted by Unicorn at 23:28 on 31st August 2016 in Unicorn Darts News
The field of international qualifiers for the PDC Unicorn World Youth Championship have been confirmed ahead of October's early rounds in Wigan.
He has done it! The remarkable Gary Anderson has made it back-to-back World Championship crowns on a dramatic night at the Alexandra Palace as he beat Adrian Lewis by 7 sets to 5.
Team Unicorn World Champion Gary Anderson is one brilliant performance away from defending his crown. Anderson produced a stunning display, thrashing Jelle Klaasen 6-0 and he will face Adrian Lewis in the World Championship Final. Lewis took out Unicorn ace Raymond van Barneveld 6-3.
It will go down as one of THE greatest games in World Championship history. Team Unicorn's 5 times World Champion Raymond van Barneveld rolled back the years with one of his best ever displays to stun red hot Ally Pally favourite Michael van Gerwen!
Team Unicorn stars Michael Smith and James Wade are celebrating a place in the World Championship quarter-finals on New Year's Day. The pair enjoyed comfortable 3rd Round wins as Smith thrashed Benito van de Pas 4-0 and Wade was too good for Jamie Caven, winning the all Unicorn clash 4-1.
We are the choice of Champions and the choice of millions of darts players around the world. Read more about our heritage


text:
Marco Avane Leather Shopper Bag - Orchid
by Marco Avane | Item #: 477331 | Model #: LUX-33067 |
- $ 39 71 39.71
Non-members pay 10% surchargeJoin now!
- Shipping
- Free Pickup
^Free shipping (if noted above) is available within the continental U.S. only. Offer excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Shipping to AK or HI adds a location surcharge to the regular rate. Delivery estimates, taxes, and fees are based on ZIP Code. Club Pickup orders are based on your club's current price and item availability on the day of payment.
About this itemSoft leather bag with stylish but functional double shoulder handles.
This functional bag features key fob, cellphone pocket and triple compartment entry with beautiful solid lining.
- Genuine leather
- Double shoulder handles
- Key fob
- Cell phone pocket
- Triple compartment entry
- Dimensions: 15"L x 5"W x 11"H
Assembled Country
Component Country