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Top Definition
Scooby Doo's middle name.
by hahaaa April 06, 2003
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
synonymous with joint. Popular in the 60's and early 70's.
You got a doobie? I'm all out.
by Bungalow Bill November 26, 2001
a marijuana cigarette
You guys wanna burn doobie?
by Anonymous November 15, 2002
a wonderous smoking utensil in which happiness is acheived through the inhalation of a mysterious and mystical white cloud.
i took a toke of my "doobie" and got high.
by Winkus and Bumblephuck March 05, 2004
a fat joint, sometimes the size of a blunt but rolled in the same papers used for a joint
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by nicole April 11, 2005
a joint
i got this big, fat doobie in my pocket
by Jeffery aviles November 07, 2003
a marajuanna joint, as in a splif or J
pass the doobie bud,
hey man you got a doobie?
hey man you got a doobie?
by FutureHistory April 08, 2006

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Real Estate
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New Jersey
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Devon Horse Show
Postal Service
Raffles At Devon Show? No Chance!
May 4, 1990
By Scott Heimer, Daily News Staff Writer Staff writer Kurt Heine contributed to this report
Buffy, Muffy and most of the Main Line corralled behind bars? It could happen. Residents of Easttown and Tredyffrin townships - site of the famous Devon Horse Show and Country Fair - have narrowly voted to prohibit any "games of chance" in their territories. And authorities have warned horse show operators that they could be arrested if they stage any "games of chance" or sell chances as they usually do - to raise money for Bryn Mawr Hospital at the May 24-June 2 event this year.
Delco School Allowed To Hold Raffle
February 16, 1990
By Michael D. Schaffer, Inquirer Staff Writer
St. Thomas-Good Counsel parochial school, which straddles the boundary between one township that forbids raffles and another that allows them, got approval yesterday for its claim to a place on the gaming side of the line. Delaware County District Attorney William H. Ryan Jr. upheld the county treasurer's decision to issue a raffle license to the Bryn Mawr school. Ryan said that his office conducted "a lengthy investigation" and found "no errors or omissions in the application" for the raffle license.
School Crosses County Line To Land Of Legal Raffles
February 2, 1990
By Michael D. Schaffer, Inquirer Staff Writer
St. Thomas-Good Counsel parochial school in Bryn Mawr stands, as it has for years, solid as a fortress. But without moving, the school has changed its address - at least, on one important piece of paper - and sparked another round in a controversy that led some parents to pull their children out of the school in September. On its stationery, the school gives its address as Pennswood Road in Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County. But when school officials applied to the treasurer of Delaware County in October for a license to run a raffle, they gave the school's address as 575 Lancaster Ave. in Haverford Township, Delaware County.
Red Corvette Raffle Voided By Post Office
May 19, 1989
By Tom Linafelt, Special to The Inquirer
A red Corvette is the stuff of dreams and legends. But those who tried to win their dream car - price tag $38,000 - in a raffle sponsored by the Brandywine Hospital and Trauma Center in Chester County just ran out of luck. U.S. postal authorities shut down the raffle at the end of last week, saying the hospital had violated the federal law that bars lotteries by mail. Brandywine officials said yesterday that they had received about 3,200 entries at $10 each for the contest and now were faced with returning the money to the entrants.
Mayor Nutter offers raffle for a World Series ticket
October 27, 2009
Inquirer staff
Just about anybody - people who live in the area and who do not work for the City of Philadelphia - has a chance for a drawing for World Series tickets, courtesy of Mayor Nutter. But they have only until 5 this afternoon to get in the raffle. The rules are simple: send an e-mail to email@example.com by the 5 p.m. deadline, and include your name, address and telephone number. That's all. Two pairs of tickets for each of the upcoming games at Citizens Bank Park are up for grabs.
Scarfo's Attorney Says Raffle Party Is Off
February 25, 1988
By George Anastasia, Inquirer Staff Writer
The party's over. That was the word yesterday from Robert F. Simone, defense attorney for reputed mob boss Nicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo, who may or may not have been the intended beneficiary of a now-canceled fund-raising event and raffle put together by some of his friends. "I don't understand what all the hoopla was about," Simone said yesterday, after two days of publicity led to the abrupt cancellation of a private party scheduled for next Tuesday at Enchante, a Cherry Hill nightclub.
An Early Winner Drawn From A Raffle Pile
November 9, 1988
By Daniel Rubin, Inquirer Staff Writer
Ed Howard was calling Ottsville on the speaker phone. "Mr. Gidlewski?" "Speaking . . . " "You are the winner of $10,000. This is Ed Howard and this is no joke. . . . " The crush of sleepless campaign workers, reporters and television camera crews closed in expectantly on the phone yesterday morning, waiting for A.C. Gidlewski to take in his good fortune. "You're not pulling my leg, are you?" Former state Sen. Edward L. Howard's $10,000 giveaway ended with a pleasant surprise for the candidate and the staff who challenged U.S. Rep. Peter H. Kostmayer, the Democrat who represents the Eighth Congressional District, which includes Bucks County and part of Montgomery County.
Raffle And Auction Are Prelude To Radnor Hunt Races
May 15, 1994
By Pauline Pinard Bogaert, INQUIRER CORRESPONDENT
There was nothing hazy at Hazy Hill on a beautiful, clear evening recently as several hundred people gathered for a raffle and silent auction party sponsored by the Radnor Hunt Race Committee. Hazy Hill is the Malvern home of Anne and Matt Hamilton, and the couple's children were involved in part of the festivities May 5. Sam Hamilton, 8, shuttled people up to the house in a golf cart, while his 5-year-old brother, Crawford - with the help of adults - directed cars to proper parking locations.
State halts house raffle, calling it illegal gambling
August 7, 2007
Brian and Kelly Jackson said they weren't having much luck selling their $800,000 house in Milford, Pa., home, so they hit on a plan - why not raffle it off? Because that would be illegal, the state replied. The Jacksons developed a Web site for the home and two other properties, in Quakertown and Lansdale. The site went up July 27 allowing people to buy raffle tickets for the homes, which range in asking price from $265,000 to $800,000. The winner would pay taxes and transfer fees, but the raffle would cover the mortgage payment and also provide $2 from each $100 and $200 ticket to charity.
Rifle, raffle, controversy = $20,000 for Chesco K-9 Unit
May 17, 2013
By Aubrey Whelan, Inquirer Staff Writer
An AR-15 rifle - with a big boost from a controversy - has helped the Chester County Sheriff's Department raise more than $20,000 for its K9 unit. But the man who won the rifle in a raffle said it is unlikely a single shot will ever be fired from his prize. Mike Ivey, who has owned an auto-repair shop in West Chester for 27 years, said he entered the raffle after hearing about it on a TV news program. And he's so proud of his prize that he plans to frame it and hang it on his wall, right next to his winning ticket.
Next »
Fund-raiser to benefit PSPCA
July 8, 2016
By Mari A. Schaefer, STAFF WRITER
The Pennsylvania SPCA will be holding a fund-raising event in the memory of George Bengal, the shelter's director of Humane Law who died last month. "A Night for George" will be held July 15 from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. at 732 Saint Andrew Road, in Philadelphia. Tickets are $50. Proceeds will go to the George Bengal Fund to End Animal Cruelty, which was created shortly before Bengal died from cancer. The event will include food from Revolution Taco, beverages from Tito's Handmade Vodka and Unibroue, a 50/50 raffle and raffle baskets.
Flyers sign Raffl to 3-year extension
March 1, 2016
By Sam Carchidi, STAFF WRITER
Left winger Michael Raffl was relieved to sign a three-year contract extension Sunday. Raffl, 27, a versatile player who has also played center this season, could have been an unrestricted free agent July 1, and his name had been mentioned in trade rumors. "I've had easier times walking across the locker room," Raffl said Sunday, referring to how he felt after Saturday's 4-2 win over Arizona. "I didn't know if it was the last time putting on the Flyers jersey. " But then he reached terms Sunday on a deal that will have an annual salary-cap hit of $2.35 million.
How South Jersey's St. Paul School survives: Lego raffles, benefit dinners and grassroots appeals
January 19, 2016
By Melanie Burney, Staff Writer
St. Paul School principal William Robbins has a new mantra these days: Keep the struggling parish school strong. A year ago, it was a different story at the school in Burlington City, where the chorus among students and teachers was to save the school. Last January, the school successfully pulled off a frantic six-week campaign that raised more than $250,000 to keep its doors open for the current school year. Robbins hailed it a miracle. "It was kind of scary," said Student Council president Erin Turpin, 13, of Burlington Township.
Raffl collapses on Flyers bench after hit to head
October 26, 2015
By Sam Carchidi, Inquirer Staff Writer
In a scary-looking scene early in the second period Saturday night against the Rangers, Flyers top-line left winger Michael Raffl collapsed on the bench and had to be helped to the locker room. The Flyers would only call it an upper-body injury. Afterward, Flyers general manager Ron Hextall downplayed the injury. "He's fine. . . . He actually was cracking jokes," Hextall said. Hextall would not say whether Raffl had a concussion. On the shift before he had to leave the bench, Raffl was pursuing Jarret Stoll and inadvertently skated into the Ranger forward's left elbow, which appeared to hit him in the head.
Bet on Raffl as top-line option
March 20, 2015
BY FRANK SERAVALLI, Daily News Staff Writer email@example.com
CALGARY, Alberta - For most, the biggest item on the Flyers' wish list this summer is a stud left winger to skate alongside Claude Giroux and Jake Voracek. Ron Hextall joked last week no one was going to wave a magic wand and say, "OK, here's a 25-year-old Brett Hull, thank you very much. " No, that will not happen. But what if the Flyers already have a suitable first-line left winger who can bury goals from the feathery passes off the sticks of the team's two stars? His name is Michael Raffl.
Raffl's goal lifts Flyers past Sabres
February 17, 2015
By Sam Carchidi, Inquirer Staff Writer
BUFFALO - Michael Raffl says that he isn't quite 100 percent and that he is still getting his wind back after a long bout with pneumonia. On Sunday night, however, he breathed life into the Flyers' playoff hopes. Playing in his first game since Jan. 20, Raffl scored on a wraparound with 7 minutes, 15 seconds left to snap a 1-1 tie and lift the Flyers to a 2-1 win over hapless Buffalo at the First Niagara Center. The victory moved the Flyers to within five points of idle Boston for the last Eastern Conference playoff spot.
Flyers lose injured Raffl for 6 weeks
November 6, 2014
By Sam Carchidi, Inquirer Staff Writer
The Flyers received crushing news Wednesday: Michael Raffl, the emerging top-line left winger who shares the team lead with six goals, will miss six weeks because of an apparent foot injury he suffered blocking a third-period shot Tuesday in a 4-1 win over Edmonton. "He's been a huge part of our line and our team," right winger Jake Voracek said Wednesday after practice in Voorhees. "It's tough to see him go down, especially after the start he's had . . . but like I said, hockey injuries happen.
Inside the Flyers: Raffl's growth has been a boost
November 3, 2014
By Sam Carchidi, Inquirer Staff Writer
SUNRISE, Fla. - The Flyers' 4-4-2 October record wasn't spectacular by any means, but, considering their difficult schedule and their multitude of injuries, it was a respectable start. Respectable and, in some ways, encouraging. Encouraging because they beat quality teams like the Penguins and defending Stanley Cup champion Kings - even though their top three defensemen were unable to play because of injuries and ailments. Encouraging because they were competitive in almost every game, despite the fact that their No. 1 goalie, Steve Mason, failed to register an October win. Encouraging because right winger Jake Voracek is blossoming into a star, because the team has gotten more than anyone could have expected from defenseman Nick Schultz, goalie Ray Emery, and left winger Michael Raffl.
Amazing year for Raffl
March 28, 2014
BY FRANK SERAVALLI, Daily News Staff Writer email@example.com
ONE YEAR AGO, Michael Raffl was living in near anonymity in Leksand - a quiet town of just 5,934 residents in the middle of freezing Sweden. Raffl led his Swedish Elite League team in scoring, but had not yet popped up on the NHL radar. Time was running out. He was already 24 years old, reaching the age where few players aren't considered "prospects" anymore. "You should have seen that place," Raffl said. "There was nothing going on. I couldn't even go to dinner at night, everything closed early.
Raffl makes everyone richer through his versatility
February 2, 2014
By FRANK SERAVALLI, Daily News Staff Writer email@example.com
EL SEGUNDO, Calif. - When Michael Raffl was bumped from the first to fourth line earlier this week, Flyers coach Craig Berube was careful to point out the move was not a demotion. "He's been a good player," Berube said then. "Wherever he goes, people seem to play good around him. It'll be a better fourth line with him on it. " Raffl, 25, has provided Berube with some unexpected flexibility in his first half season in the NHL. Originally considered a player with a top-end skill set, Raffl has demonstrated an ability to play the all-important "elevator" role - meaning he can move up and down the lineup with ease.
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text:
Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
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Background—Angiotensin II may contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions because of its growth and proinflammatory effects. We sought to determine whether angiotensin II–induced hypertension would augment and accelerate the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice.
Methods and Results—Angiotensin II (0.7 mg · kg−1 · d−1 SC) was administered to apoE-deficient mice via osmotic minipumps. The animals were placed on either standard chow or an atherogenic diet. After 8 weeks, the mean atherosclerotic lesion area in the descending thoracic and abdominal aortas of animals on a standard chow diet was 0.4±0.1% compared with 5.2±1.2% in those animals maintained on an atherogenic diet (P<0.0001). In angiotensin II–treated animals on standard chow, the mean lesion area was increased to 11.0±2.3%, which was further increased to 69.9±9.4% (P<0.0001) in angiotensin II–treated animals on an atherogenic diet. Similar findings were obtained when tissues from the ascending aorta were analyzed. At 8 weeks in mice receiving a standard chow diet, angiotensin II dramatically increased the atherosclerotic lesion area by 840±83 μm2 (P<0.0001). Animals on a high-fat diet had a similar marked increase in lesion area in response to angiotensin II (217±19 μm2, P<0.0001). In contrast, when hypertension was induced with norepinephrine, only a modest effect on the atherosclerotic lesion area was observed.
Conclusions—Angiotensin II–induced hypertension specifically increased the development of atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice. This response was seen in animals receiving either standard chow or an atherogenic diet. These studies demonstrate the profound effect of angiotensin II on the development of atherosclerosis.
Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have identified systemic arterial hypertension as an independent and potent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic disease.1 2 Despite the enormous progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the molecular and cellular linkages between hypertension and atherosclerosis have yet to be clearly defined.
Hypertension presents a complex biological stimulus to the arterial wall. The ultimate response of the arterial wall to hypertension is likely the synthesis of both mechanical and humoral stimuli. The mechanical effects of elevated blood pressure on the arterial wall are not well understood. Elevated blood pressure increases wall stress in a nonuniform distribution.3 4 Increased wall stress has been proposed to be a proinflammatory stimulus,5 as evidenced by the association between mechanical strain and the production of reactive oxygen species6 7 and the expression of inflammatory gene products.8 9 10 Indeed, wall stress has been shown to be a biologically relevant stimulus for the development of atherosclerosis.11
In addition, the cellular components of the arterial wall are exposed to multiple neurohumoral signals that are undoubtedly altered in hypertension. Several lines of evidence have specifically implicated the renin–angiotensin II system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.12 13 14 15 First, the cellular consequences of angiotensin II stimulation are potentially proatherogenic. Angiotensin II stimulation results in the production of reactive oxygen species as well as increased expression of proinflammatory gene products.14 16 Given the acknowledged role of oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis,17 these effects of angiotensin II are likely mechanistically relevant to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Second, studies performed in several experimental models of atherosclerosis indicate that either inhibition of ACE activity or blockade of angiotensin type 1 receptors results in a decrease in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.18 19 20 21 Finally, numerous studies in humans have shown that high renin forms of hypertension are particularly proatherogenic and that patients with high renin hypertension are at increased risk of myocardial infarction.22 23 24 25 The recently presented results of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial demonstrated a remarkable decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality when normotensive individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular events were treated with an ACE inhibitor.26 Taken together, these data specifically implicate the renin–angiotensin II system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The primary goal of the present study was to define the specific importance of angiotensin II–induced hypertension in the development of atherosclerosis. We used apoE-deficient mice that were made hypertensive through the use of a continuous infusion of angiotensin II. We found that angiotensin II–induced hypertension dramatically accelerated the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Conversely, when hypertension was induced to a similar level by the administration of norepinephrine, we found only a modest increase in atherosclerosis. These data demonstrate the extremely potent proatherogenic effects of angiotensin II in apoE-deficient mice and provide further support for the hypothesis that angiotensin II is mechanistically relevant in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Animals and Diets
Control C57BL/6 and homozygous apoE-deficient (C57BL/6 background) male mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Me). Mice aged between 4 and 6 weeks were used in the present study. Eighty control mice and 48 apoE-deficient mice were each divided into 4 groups: (1) standard chow diet (Purina, Certified Rodent Chow 5001), (2) standard chow diet with angiotensin II treatment (0.7 mg · kg−1 · d−1 SC), (3) atherogenic diet (Research Diets, Inc), and (4) atherogenic diet with angiotensin II infusion. The atherogenic diet was made of purified components and was designed to match the original "Paigen's Atherogenic Rodent Diet."27 The components per kilogram as listed by the manufacturer include the following: 75 g casein, 130 g soy protein, 2 g DL-methionine, 275 g corn starch, 150 g maltodextrin 10, 30 g sucrose, 90 g cellulose, 50 g soy bean oil, 75 g cocoa butter, 35 g coconut oil, 35 g salt mix S10001, 5.5 g calcium carbonate, 8 g sodium chloride, 10 g potassium citrate, 10 g vitamin mix V10001, 2 g choline bitartrate, 12.5 g cholesterol USP, and 5 g sodium cholic acid.
The animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. The animals were housed and cared for according to the guidelines proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the care and use of experimental animals (NIH publication No. 85-23).
Some mice received angiotensin II infusions via a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump (Alzet, model 1002) for 4 or 8 weeks. The mice were anesthetized with 375 mg/kg 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Avertin, Sigma Chemical Co). An osmotic pump containing angiotensin II dissolved in a solution of 0.15 mol/L NaCl and 0.01N acetic acid at a concentration calculated to deliver ≈0.7 mg · kg−1 · d−1 of drug was inserted into a subcutaneous pocket. The dose of angiotensin II was selected on the basis of previous studies in our laboratories10 and provides a plasma concentration of angiotensin II similar to that reported in patients with renovascular hypertension.
An additional group of animals was treated with norepinephrine in a similar manner.10 The concentration of norepinephrine in the osmotic pump was adjusted to yield a dose of 5.6 mg · kg−1 · d−1.
Systolic blood pressure28 was measured during treatment and before euthanizing the animals at the end of each experiment by using a computerized, noninvasive, tail-cuff system (BP 2000 Visitech Systems). One set of 10 measurements was obtained for each animal, and the mean blood pressure was calculated. Animals were habituated to the device before measuring the pressures to ensure accurate measurements.
Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Lesions and Histological Analysis
The animals were euthanized by CO2 inhalation at the prescribed time points. The heart and aorta were pressure-perfused with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, followed by pressure fixation at ≈100 mm Hg with a 4% formaldehyde solution.
To evaluate the extent of atherosclerotic lesion formation, 2 approaches were used. The descending thoracic and abdominal aorta was analyzed en face, whereas the ascending aorta was reserved for microscopic analysis.29 These complementary approaches allowed us to obtain information about disease extent as well as lesion complexity. The descending thoracic and abdominal aortas were opened longitudinally and stained with oil red O (Sigma) as previously described.30 Photographs of the stained specimens were digitized for data analysis. The luminal lesion surface area was quantified by using NIH Image software (version 1.65) with custom macros. Data were expressed as the percentage of the descending aorta with positive oil red O staining.
The hearts and aortas were embedded in paraffin, and 5-μm-thick serial sections were prepared. Every 10th section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For quantification of luminal cross-sectional area involved by atherosclerotic plaque in the ascending aorta, digital images of the stained sections obtained at the level of the aortic valve were obtained. The atherosclerotic lesions were manually traced on the computer. Care was taken to exclude normal-appearing media and to include only the intimal/subintimal atherosclerotic lesions. Data were expressed as total lesion area of the cross section.
Statistical Analysis
All data are given as mean±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed by the Duncan New Multiple Range Test.
Hypertension was persistent through up to 8 weeks of continuous angiotensin II infusion. The mean systolic arterial blood pressures obtained are presented in Table 1⇓. There was no significant effect of diet on systolic blood pressure. Mean total cholesterol data are presented in Table 2⇓.
Effects of Angiotensin II Infusion on the Development and Extent of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Animals
Angiotensin II–induced hypertension had a dramatic effect on the development of atherosclerosis in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Representative examples of en face preparations of the descending thoracoabdominal aorta after 8 weeks of treatment are shown in Figure 1⇓. Note that regions of atherosclerosis appear white because these images were obtained before staining with oil red O. In the angiotensin II–treated animals on the atherogenic diet, the descending thoracic and abdominal aortas were almost completely covered with atherosclerotic lesions. Importantly, compared with the control animals, the angiotensin II–treated animals on the normal chow diet also exhibited a marked worsening in the degree of atherosclerosis (Figure 2⇓).
The proximal ascending aorta was also examined for evidence of accelerated atherogenesis in the angiotensin II–treated apoE-deficient animals. Compared with no treatment, the angiotensin II treatment resulted in a dramatic increase in atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta in the apoE-deficient animals on regular chow or the atherogenic diet (Figure 3⇓).
Effects of Angiotensin II Infusion on Atherosclerosis in Wild-Type Animals
Wild-type animals made hypertensive with angiotensin II that were fed either a standard chow or atherogenic diet did not develop atherosclerotic lesions after 8 weeks of treatment. Therefore, additional animals were treated for a total of 12 weeks. However, even after 12 weeks, angiotensin II–treated wild-type animals did not develop atherosclerotic lesions. Figure 4⇓ shows a representative en face preparation of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta obtained from a wild-type animal maintained on an atherogenic diet and treated with angiotensin II for 12 weeks. No atherosclerotic lesions were seen in the ascending thoracic aorta of wild-type mice treated with angiotensin II and maintained on either diet.
Effect of Norepinephrine-Induced Hypertension on Development and Extent of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Animals
To gain insight into the relative contributions of high blood pressure and angiotensin II, per se, we used norepinephrine infusion as an alternate model of hypertension. Mean systolic blood pressures for these animals are given in Table 3⇓. Note that the degree of hypertension induced in the norepinephrine-treated animals was similar to that obtained in the angiotensin II–treated animals.
We found that compared with angiotensin II–induced hypertension, norepinephrine-induced hypertension had a modest effect on the development of atherosclerosis. Figure 5⇓ shows a representative example of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta of an apoE-deficient animal made hypertensive with norepinephrine and maintained on an atherogenic diet for 8 weeks. In the ascending aorta, there was no significant effect of norepinephrine-induced hypertension on the atherosclerotic lesion area (Figure 6⇓). Whereas norepinephrine significantly increased the development of atherosclerosis in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta, the magnitude of the increase was far less than that seen with angiotensin II–induced hypertension (Figure 2⇑).
To gain insight into the potential role of mononuclear inflammation in this process, we stained paraffin-embedded sections of the ascending aorta with a murine macrophage–specific antibody (Figure 7⇓). The most intense staining occurred in the angiotensin II–treated animals. There was evidence of a marked macrophage infiltration of the atherosclerotic lesions as well as the adventitia.
We have shown that angiotensin II–induced hypertension dramatically increases the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. This response was seen in animals that received either an atherogenic diet or standard chow. Lesions developed after a relatively short period of treatment, and the extent of lesion development was markedly increased in hypertensive animals. The most dramatic results were seen in the descending thoracoabdominal aorta, where the luminal surface of the aortas in angiotensin II–treated animals on an atherogenic diet was almost completely covered with atherosclerotic lesions after only 8 weeks of treatment. These results demonstrate the very potent proatherogenic effect of short-term administration of angiotensin II in apoE-deficient mice.
The effects of angiotensin II administration on atherosclerotic lesion development in both the ascending and descending aorta were evident after only 4 weeks of treatment. In normotensive apoE-deficient animals receiving regular chow, it has been previously reported that fatty streak formation occurs in the proximal ascending aorta at no earlier than 10 weeks of age.31 The advanced, complicated, fibroproliferative plaque associated with severe luminal stenosis of coronary arteries has been reported to appear at 25 to 40 weeks of age in apoE-deficient mice fed the western-type diet.31 Clearly, the development of complex atherosclerotic lesions in the angiotensin II–treated animals after only 4 to 8 weeks of treatment represents a marked acceleration of the disease process.
Previous studies have implicated the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Observational studies in humans have demonstrated that patients with high levels of circulating renin are at increased risk for myocardial infarction and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular events.1 22 23 24 25 32 In addition, studies in several different models of atherosclerosis have shown that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin–type 1 receptor antagonists inhibit atherosclerotic lesion formation.18 19 20 21
The mechanism whereby angiotensin II–induced hypertension accelerates and worsens atherosclerosis is probably multifactorial. Angiotensin II has direct effects on the cellular components of the arterial wall.15 In addition, there may be effects on the arterial wall related to the resultant mechanical forces that occur as a result of elevated blood pressure.5 We have demonstrated that although norepinephrine-induced hypertension did accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient animals, the magnitude of the response was markedly less than that seen with angiotensin II–induced hypertension. Therefore, the data in the present study indicate that the dramatic proatherogenic effects of angiotensin II infusion are largely due to the humoral effects of angiotensin II and not the mechanical effects of elevated blood pressure.
Angiotensin II has several relevant direct and indirect humoral effects that may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Indirect mechanisms include alterations in sympathetic outflow, aldosterone secretion, and prostaglandins.33 A central component of angiotensin II signaling is the generation of reactive oxygen species. Angiotensin II activates the NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells,16 which results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. This oxidase has been functionally linked to the development of vascular hypertrophy in response to angiotensin II34 and the generation of an inflammatory response in vascular smooth muscle cells.15 35 Our finding of a dense macrophage infiltration of the arterial wall in the angiotensin II–treated animals suggests that this process may be relevant to the findings reported in the present study. Angiotensin II also upregulates thrombin receptor expression in the aortic tissues of rats via a redox-sensitive mechanism.36 This appears to occur via the generation of reactive oxygen species and is independent of the pressor effects of angiotensin II. Angiotensin also upregulates expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells,37 which may occur through a redox-sensitive pathway. Thus, there are multiple potential humoral mechanisms involving the generation of reactive oxygen species through which angiotensin II could be proatherogenic.
Although our data demonstrate a dominant effect of the humoral components of angiotensin II stimulation on the development of atherosclerosis, the data obtained with norepinephrine-induced hypertension suggest that mechanical factors may also contribute significantly, albeit to a lesser degree. Mechanical deformation of vascular cells results in the upregulation of inflammatory mediators, such as MCP-1.8 9 10 Furthermore, in both angiotensin II and norepinephrine models of hypertension, expression of MCP-1 is upregulated in the aortic tissues.10 This is associated with increased infiltration of the arterial wall with monocytes/macrophages. Mechanical strain applied to both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells results in an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species,6 7 which have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis.38 39 40 Mechanoregulation of reactive oxygen species may be an independent mechanism for the proatherogenic effect of hypertension, or reactive oxygen species may function through the upregulation of inflammatory gene products.2 41 Thus, there are several potential mechanisms whereby mechanical effects can contribute to the proatherogenic effects of hypertension.
The present study was performed with the use of an angiotensin II infusion model of hypertension. It is important to note that this is a model of a relatively rare form of hypertension. Thus, the relevance of the findings reported in the present study to the clinical syndrome of hypertension depends in part on the relative contributions of the humoral and mechanical aspects of this model. A potential mitigating factor is the role of the tissue-based components of the renin-angiotensin system. As evidenced by the antiatherogenic effects of agents that modulate the renin-angiotensin system,18 19 20 21 even in the absence of high systemic levels of angiotensin II, locally generated angiotensin II may have a significant impact on the development of atherosclerosis. The recent results of the HOPE trial suggest that angiotensin II may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in individuals without high renin hypertension.26
After submission of the present article, Daugherty et al42 presented data demonstrating a similar proatherogenic effect of angiotensin II in apoE-deficient mice. Their results differ from ours in that they found that doses of angiotensin II similar to those that we used did not result in any increase in blood pressure. This discrepancy may be due to the use of general anesthesia during blood pressure measurements, the exclusive use of female animals, or the older age of the animals used in the studies of Daugherty et al. In addition, they reported the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in up to 33% of the animals infused with angiotensin II. We also noted occasional aneurysm formation but with a lower incidence. This difference may also be due to the difference in the age and sex of the animals studied.
The pathophysiology of human atherosclerotic disease is clearly multifactorial.43 Hypertension is a well-know risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. We have shown that angiotensin II–induced hypertension specifically accelerates the development of aortic atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient animals. These findings may provide insight into the relative importance of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide a foundation for future studies to explore the mechanisms through which hypertension promotes the development of atherosclerosis.
This study was supported by VA Merit Review Board funding and NIH grant R01 HL-62820.
- Received May 3, 2000.
- Revision received July 26, 2000.
- Accepted July 28, 2000.
- Copyright © 2001 by American Heart Association
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- Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient MiceDaiana Weiss, John J. Kools and W. Robert TaylorCirculation. 2001;103:448-454, published online before print January 23, 2001http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.3.448
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- Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient MiceDaiana Weiss, John J. Kools and W. Robert TaylorCirculation. 2001;103:448-454, published online before print January 23, 2001http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.3.448
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Miles away from the coast, in a narrow canyon near what is now Dodger Stadium, generations of navy and marine reservists were trained to fight a war at sea. The Naval and Marine Reserve Center, located in Chavez Ravine near Echo Park, opened just before World ... Read More »
Not everyone has been a fan of Echo Park's Lady of the Lake
ECHO PARK — It has been 80 years since the Lady of the Lake, an Art Deco-style statue created by Ada Mae Sharpless, made its debut at Echo Park Lake. The 14-foot-high cast stone figure has been photographed countless times and was restored and returned to its original, prominent spot at the tip of a peninsula that juts into the lake. But not everyone has been impressed with the goddess-like figure.
Highland Theatre celebrates 90 years of movie-going in Highland Park
HIGHLAND PARK -- The Highland Theatre turns 90 years old this month. To put that into context, Calvin Coolidge was in the Oval Office at the time, and The New Yorker was just starting out on the East Coast. How many movie screenings that equals is anyone's guess.
Hollywood finally gets Echo Park film history right
ECHO PARK - In 1954 the NBC show This Is Your Life honored film industry pioneer Mack Sennett with a plaque on the site of the Mack Sennett Studio, where such silent film stars as Charlie Chaplin, the Keystone Cops and Mabel Normand churned out slapstick comedies on what is now Glendale Boulevard. It was a nice tribute but for many decades the plaque that proclaims "THIS IS THE BIRTHPLACE OF MOTION PICTURE COMEDY" was installed at the wrong spot.
Neighborhood Fixture: The history and economic benefits of Hollenbeck Park
BOYLE HEIGHTS — It was more than 120 years ago when two prominent Boyle Heights leaders and landowners, William H. Workman and Elizabeth Hollenbeck, agreed to donate 25 acres to create a park in the base of an arroyo. After the city agreed to develop the park and build a dam to create a lake, Hollenbeck Park was dedicated in 1893.
How long did you wait to get into the Hollyhock House?
Two hours? Three hours? The reopening tonight of the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Hollyhock House has drawn huge crowds to Barnsdall Art Park, where the landmark home will remain open for 24 hours to celebrate the completion of a $4.75 million renovation.
Neighborhood Fixture: The Atwater apartments Gladding McBean built
ATWATER VILLAGE -- The local tile and pottery factories of Gladding McBean & Co. at one point churned everything from pipes to the legendary "Desert Rose" dishware pattern sold under the Franciscan label according to a neighborhood history. The 40-acre Gladding, McBean plant on Los Feliz Boulevard was demolished in the early 1980s and replaced with the shopping center that now houses Best Buy, Costco and other retails. But next door on the on Perlita Street is a reminder of Gladding McBean ...


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Home > Gaming > PC, Mac Gaming > Accessories > Gaming Mice
ROCCAT ROCCAT Kone Pure Laser Gaming Mouse - Black
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Born for gaming, the ROCCAT Kone Pure mouse delivers everything you need to reign supreme in the battlefield. The latest 8200dpi Pro-Aim R3 laser sensor, a mighty 32-bit Turbo Core V2 72MHz ARM MCU processor, and the most advanced Tracking & Distance Control Unit around all work in perfect harmony to deliver unrivaled combat performance. Easy-Shift[+] button grants you twice the command power by assigning 2 functions to buttons and wheel. A wealth of ergonomic features designed for long-play comfort and ROCCAT logo with customizable multi-color lightning distinguish the Kone Pure at your first use. Highest quality components, 576KB on-board macros and profiles memory and a suite of the worlds most advanced gaming software are just three more reason to love the ROCCAT Kone Pure.
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4,807 total
My ex employer served me with an emergency protection order. My court is the 29th of this month. The problem I have is that my girlfriend is her ex daughter in law. She has no ties to her whatsoever and is not allowed to see my girlfriends childre...
The petition can (generally) extend to anyone in the household of the moving party. I'm guessing an emergency OP was entered, and the 29th is the return date for the plenary hearing. Because this puts you in LEADS and can be in effect for up to 2 years (with some exceptions which I won't go into), it could adversely impact your life (where you can go, who you can contact, etc).
At least talk to an attorney in your area for specific guidance, even if you can't afford to retain one. These are high octane hearings, so you have to get it right the first time. Best of luck and hope this helps.See question
So I was employed during our divorce proceedings, and now I became be self-employed, through my own corporation. The child support payments are below the guidelines. As a result of the change in my employment situation, my personal income drops...
Under the new statute [750 ILCS 5/505(f)], any change of employment generally has to be reported. Meaning, anything Jan 1 of this year or later, in theory, you at least have to let the court know (And by extension the other side) that there's a new job and it's health insurance. Now if the opposing party doesn't file/do anything, you need not worry and just continue to pay as ordered.
Talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question
Going through a divorce, my wife filed and isn't working and I don't think she filed a waiver for fees in order to have me stuck with them. Anyway about two months in we were assigned a GAL. He explained he had fees and I had lost my job and ...
Absent a timely filed motion for reallocation of fees, what's done is done. The only issue is whether the fees were reasonable and necessary under the Kaiser standard (It's an old landlord tenant appellate case that lists what a lawyer should, and shouldn't, bill for). But if the fees where already reduced to judgment, then that ship may have already sailed as well.
Talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question
Divorced since 2010, we have 3 children 12b and 15g. He lives with a woman since 2010 that has 3 kids from 2 father's but just recently was granted 45% custody of one and 20% of the other. She is a former stripper/escort. They had a po*n business ...
Absent an adoption which terminates his legal rights, he'll always be the legal father. In a family law setting, the court can only address parental responsibilities (ie, who decides schooling, medical, activities, etc) and parenting time (formerly known as visitation). If you already make all the decisions, then the only issue is parenting time (At least as far as what the judge in Domestic Relations court can do).
In regards to parenting time, the judge can modify the time periods, or restrict it in some way (Like supervised parenting time). In rare, and extraordinary cases, the judge can bar parenting time - but that usually only happens when there's fact to suggest parenting time with a particular party will cause some type of foreseeable harm.
It's frustrating when you see the limitations of a domestic relations judge, I know. They can't waive a wand and make the bad parent good, and their civil courts, so they generally lack the power to punish as well.
Sorry this is happening. Talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question
My wife got a temporary order of protection against me. It is bs. Because she is the one that is harassing me. Since she got this op against me. She keeps coming over to the house and harassing me. Calling me. I have three police reports on her fo...
If in McHenry County, contact Prairie State Legal Services or the County Bar Association for help. Best of luck.See question
If both parties are acting as Pro-Se in a Divorce Case, and Plaintiff is not co-operating in the Discovery Process, can the Respondent Directly go to the Judge without informing the Plaintiff and get a Court Order to issue a Subpoena to Plaintiff'...
To clarify, the clerk of court issues the subpoena, not you or the judge. You have to also pay the service and statutory mileage fee, and if it's records from a bank, the bank record fee. Also, if it's bank records, each bank has specific requirements (And virtually secret addresses that they have to be sent to) or they'll object/ignore it. If you're pro se and never done this before, you can imagine how hard it will be to do it right the first time. That's ok, if I had to install flooring, doubt I'd get it right either.
So let's talk about something cheaper/faster/less complicated. If someone properly serves a Rule 214 notice to produce, and 28 days elapses, and no one objects or responds, and you do your 201k conference (Or at least try), then wouldn't it be faster/quicker to file a motion to compel vs. you paying hundreds of dollars for bank records/service fees/milages/etc? Because then you have a court order, and the possibility the judge will issue sanctions as well.
This presumes you did your 13.3.1 exchange first, otherwise you need leave of court to do additional discovery (Or just do the 13.3.1 then serve the requests).
Perhaps talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance?See question
I am located in Cook County, IL - my husband filed divorce papers on 5/25/16 in cook county. I still haven't received the summons - is there a way I can find out when I will receive it? Would I call the courthouse or who would I contact?
That's up to the speed of the process server - usually the county sheriff who will show up at your home, or your job, and hand you papers.
If you want to bypass your neighbors/co-workers from seeing the sheriff show up (And get the misimpression you've done something wrong), just file an appearance, which will waive service. You will also get 30 days from the date of filing an appearance to also file an answer to the petition for dissolution.
Talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question
I recently changed jobs and am making 7 an hour less. Went to court to try and get my child support adjusted, and the judge denied my request. I am now having almost 300 dollars a week taken out of a 550 dollar check. I can't even afford my b...
Motion To Reconsider, BUT low probability (Generally) of it being successful. Having a lawyer for it is almost a requirement. Not what you want to hear, I know, given money is tight. Talk to a family law attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question
my lawyer had to spend my $150,000 check to pay off his mortgage debt so that his house doesn't get foreclosed now he says that it will take him years to return my settlement money to him. my soon needs that money to pay rehabilitation. are there ...
This is why people rank us just above "slug" and "cockroach" on the likability scale. As the other have said, iARDC has the power to disbar a ham sandwich. Talk to them, they don't mess around. Sorry this happened. As the other lawyers have indicated; pure shock.See question
Right now I am in Litigation with Party A. Party B has Photos and Business Records that are Relevant and Pertain to the Subject Matter of the Litigation between My Self and Party A. I asked Party B to give me the Business Records and Photographs V...
It'll also depend if this is, or isn't, small claims. Generally you need leave of court to do discovery (perhaps why you asked for it voluntarily). Things run fast and loose in small claims, the rules are heavily relaxed, so the rules of evidence are still rules, but in other ways, they are more like "recommendations."
Welcome to Illinois.
Talk to a civil attorney in your area for specific guidance.See question


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Top Definition
Meaning to stuck your thumb in ones vagina and maken them moan.
So did you go all the way with that girl last night? No.... but she let me make her purr.
লিখেছেন- leamonhead 10 de জুলাই de 2008
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Can you define these popular missing words?


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After upgrading to SCSP 5.2.8 the SCSP client is unable to start.
SCSP IPS service is taking longer to start on these servers but Symantec is unable to determine root cause
Possible cause:
Possibly there are many high priority services starting at that time on this system and SCSP service does not get sufficient CPU time to respond to Service Control Manager in 30 second.
Workaround Solution:
Increase the default timeout value(30 seconds) for the Service Control Manager to a high value to 60 sec (60000 milsec). NOTE: This modification requires a reboot.
Please see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/922918 on how to do this. This will change the
timeout for all the services.
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Spacious private auxiliary dwelling available
$1,300/month, plus $200/month for utilities (includes power, water, gas, cable, internet, and garbage).
Living space is approximately 930 square feet, with its own private access, bath, and a full kitchen. Very cozy and cottage like, warm atmosphere, and highlighted by pine feature finishes. Remodeled in 2014, including new kitchen cabinets, new slab granite countertops, and new stainless steel appliances. Tile flooring in bathroom and kitchen area and prefinished millwork.
Charming farmhouse on one acre in Juanita has complete compact furnished mother-in-law apt.upstairs with semi-private entrance and off street parking.
Looking for one serious female students with no pets (we have a cat :) ). Two bedrooms (one rented) ($575/month/bedroom)-includes all utilities/wifi/smart tv, furnished rooms, furnished kitchen, bath.
Available possibly soon. Looking for possible short term renter until summer/fall, then lease for the school year 2016-2017. First/last and moderate cleaning fee with lease.
House Share in a nice Finn Hill Home. Furnished room and bath with a large living area, W/D (kitchen is shared upstairs) yard, flowers, next to a quiet greenbelt and cul de sac. Five minutes from Bastyr. 10 min from DT Kirkland and freeway. no pets, no smoking please
Looking for a drug,alcohol and cigarette free clean-neat female to rent a room in my house. Room is 129" by 130" unfurnished. Tv in the room. I do have a bookcase and dresser drawers that you can use.
You will have the main bathroom to yourself. We will share the kitchen, living room, and laundry room.
Rosehill area in Kirkland. I have two medium size dogs, friendly. Please contact me so you can come see my house and your new room. Direct tv and frontier Internet. Room and utilities for $700 Available March 1st.
Looking to fill the other bedroom of my two bed/two bath apartment just a few blocks off the lake. It is a spacious and furnished apartment about 10 minutes from campus and 20 minutes from the Bastyr clinic. The apartment complex is pet friendly and I also have a small dog. There is an outdoor pool and workout space. The room will be available April 1st - mid September (at which point I may renew the lease at that point for another year).
Located less than a mile from Bastyr University, our Kenmore home is situated in a quiet beautiful neighborhood. Room has king size bed and desk.
Kenmore rambler with cottage on property is for rent. Clean quite close to shopping and bus lines.Minutes from campus. Includes garbage and internet . 500.00 a month plus 500,00 deposit half refundable share kitchen baths and laundry. Safe community.Please call for showing and photos. Must be kind and have income and references.Ready March 1st Call 425 318 0787 Annette
I have 2 furnished rooms to rent in a very nice neighborhood in kirkland, west of market street. It's an old house, built in 1939, the 2 rooms have been repainted with new curtains and cleaned carpets. The rooms are set up like a dorm room with a bed, bookcase, chest of drawers, workstation and chairs. The house is 3 blocks from the bus stop, 3 blocks from waverly park and about a 1/2 mile from downtown kirkland. The house has a big fenced yard with lots of trees. The dorm rooms are on the main floor, my rooms are upstairs. There is only one bathroom.
A fully furnished private one bedroom apartment with Living room, Bedroom, Bathroom, Fully Appliances kitchen, Shower, Bath, Washing Machine, Microwave, Fridge Freezer, wood flooring, Off street Parking.
Charming Farmhouse on one acre has fully furnished semi-private apt. Shared space with another Bastyr student (already rented) includes one bedroom for each student around a kitchen/lounge and shared bathroom. Semi-private entrance. Includes all utilities, washer/dryer, smart tv, and wifi. Female only, no animals (we have a cat).


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The Freedom Series
Join Helen Bailey and Jane Cockerell to explore the truth about stress and how you are one thought away from freeing yourself from anxiety and overwhelm. In our evening conversation we will explore how stress 'works', why we tend to get caught in it and what happens when we try to fix it.
By the end of the session we anticipate that you will have a fresh new perspective on your stressful thinking and a simple, pragmatic approach to freeing yourself from its impact on your life, your confidence and wellbeing.
This will be an intimate group where Helen and Jane will share a new way for you to view your life and experience, through an informal and relaxed conversation.
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Melinda's Profile
Welcome to my shop! My name is Melinda and I'm located in Las Vegas, Nevada and originate from Salem Oregon. Origami is what l love and being creative is very fulfilling. I have been folding paper and creating origami for over a decade. I am fascinated by asian culture, and was toward origami. It is really important to me to reuse, recycle and re-purpose paper and other items as much as possible.
Please let me know if you would like to place a custom order with special paper, pictures or letters. Any item in my shop can be customized. Please share your stories and photos with me.
Twitter @meligami
Instagram @meligami
Tumblr www.meligami.tumblr.com
Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/MeligamiOrigami?_rdr
Please keep in mind that my items are handmade and…
- Female
- Born on March 1
- Joined June 17, 2011
Favorite materials
origami paper, string, beads, glass jars and ornaments, upcycled atlas, upcycled map, vintage sheet music, natural wooden hoops, recycled, upcycled


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Fuel Gauge
It was working fine and accurate. Now it stays on 1/2 tank even when filled to the rim.
Not sure if it will read lower than that cause I havent burned it down that low yet (lately). I dont drive it much so it will be awhile before I can tell. Fuel pump works fine no issues doesn't sing or anything. Is this a harbinger of things to come?
Any tricks to check that sending unit without dropping the tank?
You could cut thru your tub. Dropping the tank would be easier.
I've read several posts related to this type of thing and usually the first suggestion is to clean the contacts on the gauge itself.
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In recent years, homosexuality has become mainstream in American culture. This has been challenging to the Church on many levels.… Read more Christianity and Homosexuality: A (Short) Reading List
Christ, a Medicine Cabinet for Every Disease
God has made Christ everything to the believer: Are we nothing but sin? Christ became sin on behalf of his… Read more Christ, a Medicine Cabinet for Every Disease
Bear with One Another
Put on then, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, bearing with one… Read more Bear with One Another
Romans in 16 Sermons
For my first time preaching through the book of Romans, I opted to follow the pattern of Mark Dever and… Read more Romans in 16 Sermons
Prideful Thoughts and a Powerful Reminder
One of my last semesters in seminary, I opened my mail and discovered that I had been nominated for a… Read more Prideful Thoughts and a Powerful Reminder
Only God Is Great
King Louis XIV began his reign over France at the age of four and continued on the throne for the… Read more Only God Is Great


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December 9, 2011
I enjoy gonig out to dinner, movies, theater, and dancing. It would be great to meet up with others who enjoy watching the Ravens on game day. I enjoy traveling but right now most of my trips happen in the summer.
My name is Marti and I am new to this group. Looking forward to dinner and a movie and some good conversation.
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