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We know all too well that time flies whether you are having fun or not. Kate Moretti, the prolific author of "The Vanishing Year" manifests this concept masterfully in her thrilling, engaging novel. I found myself so caught up in the plot t...4½ Stars
This story is awesome. I love the unconventional family that Willa has put together. It only proves that blood does not always make a family. And, that wonderful family offers support, humor and caring throughout the book. They are also ver...4½ Stars
Want to meet some fabulous characters? Characters that will make you sigh, smile, flinch and laugh out loud and forget they are products of an amazing author's imagination. A cast of totally endearing characters that become human right befo...5 Stars
Halloween and cozy mysteries...two of my favorite things so this book should have had it in the bag. But it didn't. How could something so right go so very wrong? Unfortunately it went wrong in so many ways... Krissy Hancock, bookstore cafe...2½ Stars
Two words come to mind when describing "The Perks of Loving a Scoundrel", Pure Escapism. Ms. Mcquiston created a romance as epic as the characters who lived it. In this story, Mary lives her dreams through the pages of her favorite books. B...5 Stars
There is so much dimension in any Carolyn Brown book. You should never be fooled by the seeming simplicity of the concept or storyline. Carolyn Brown writes about everyday things that happen to all of us and she does it with panache, class,...4½ Stars
"Christmas Comes to Main Street" is a beautiful Christmas story that features Kara Hastings and Nate Griffin. Well it seems like Kara is the last sister that is not engaged since now her sister Molly has come home saying she is getting marr...5 Stars
Tessa Dare tempts, teases and tantalizes with this historical romance. Charlotte Highwood is a joy to follow as she stumbles into trouble from the very beginning and then seems to just keep floundering in to more with undeniable skill. Upon...4½ Stars
Paula Quinn returns with another romantic tale of impossible love. It was love at first page for this captivated reader. Paula Quinn knows how to create emotionally rich characters by putting them into tension filled situations. Cailean mad...4½ Stars
"Snowfall on Haven Point" adds another great story to the 'Haven Point' series. This is the fifth book. It deals with Andie Montgomery and Sheriff Marshall Bailey. We find that Andie is a widow and a newcomer to Haven Point. Along with Andi...5 Stars
Hopes, desires, dreams and reality don't always match up and sometimes you don't have a lot of time to make them all work. Maribeth has this problem in this story and it is easy to relate to her. Mo, Maribeth's new love interest, is equally...5 Stars
Amanda Weaver is quickly becoming one of my favorite authors! "A Reluctant Betrothal", the third in the Grantham Girls series, is another riveting read! Weaver gives us another wonderful and interesting set of characters. Again, we get a br...5 Stars
"The Daredevil Snared" by Stephanie Laurens is an interesting combination of exotic locale, atypical danger, and frightening exploration of the evils that can be perpetuated by greed. True to this author's pattern, this story also shows the...4 Stars
"Come on Closer" by Kendra Leigh Castle has some fun moments and gives a glimpse of the various connections between the inhabitants of Harvest Cove. I like the way it explores the positives and negatives of living in a town where everyone k...3¾ Stars
I liked this story, but it didn't wow me. Zander and Mae were good people, strong, competent, and all sorts of good things, but I never really felt like I bonded with them, possibly because I felt like the romance between them was overshado...3½ Stars
Immortal Nights is yet another entertaining winner in Lynsay Sands paranormal Argeneaus series. In fact it's one of my favorites in this stellar series. There was plenty of romance, humor and mystery that was needed to keep me completely ca...4½ Stars
Although I have been enjoying the "Montana Men" series from author Jennfer Ryan, I can't help but feel like the collection has ran its course. "Her Renegade Rancher" was a likable book and yet I felt like I need more from both the romance a...3½ Stars
If you know me at all you know that the original Infected series is one of my all time favorite UF series and Holden was one of my favorite characters in that. I went into this with both excitement and trepidation. I so wanted it to be good...4½ Stars
This was an excellent addition to the In Focus series. Levi has suffered a major loss in his life and has decided to hike the Appalachian Trail to try to sort through his grief. He's at a cross road in his life and has no idea what he's goi...4½ Stars
"Dreams of Distant Shores" by Patricia A. McKillip provides an intriguing look at the author's ability to evoke remarkable worlds that are almost familiar yet unlike anything that most of us have ever imagined. One has to be in the proper f...4 Stars
"Wizard of the Grove" by Tanya Huff is a two-volume book that has fun and intriguing elements, and even better for me, fantastical creatures such as dryads, centaurs, and wizards. There are sweeping political struggles, romance, betrayal, c...3¾ Stars
"Catch as Cat Can" is a fun cozy mystery that has the small town elements of interconnected characters, a nicely simmering romance, a dead body, a gradually unveiled mystery, and helpful secondary characters. I love the determined kitty who...4 Stars
This may be the second book in this wacky witch series but as this book is independent from the first, start reading! Ms. M is the witch and she's not like any other witch you may have met. She's able to work in healthy eating and fun while...5 Stars
Another awesome adventure with Amelia Bedelia! This funny little girl doesn't realize how funny she is but this book shows glimpses into her family life which shows where she gets her unique sense of humor. In this story Amelia's aunt is ge...4½ Stars
The summer is coming to an end, but a beach book is always fun. Toby Devens has written the quintessential best friend book for women in Barefoot Beach. The characters are well developed and you will want to root for them from the beginning...4 Stars
Amy Stuart has created one of the most interesting characters I've ever read about, in Clare. She has a past, but most do. It's her decisions that are so interesting. I become more and more intrigued every time I find out a detail about her...5 Stars
One Less Problem Without You, by Beth Harbison, is a women feel good story. Prinny, Chelsea and Di are fabulous characters, but the transitioning between them, each chapter, was a bit disconcerting. Some of the plot seemed predictable, almo...3½ Stars
Another great novelist with an outstanding mixture of action and description plot. The plot is a very methodical story with tons of action in a vampire who-dun-it fashion! Extremely suspenseful at times with descriptive, complex moments wit...5 Stars
This is an excellent read from the first page all the way to the end. Gaie Sebold has a wonderful sense of justice mixed with humor and revenge! It's fast paced with tons of description included to give the reader a sense of the time period...4½ Stars
Another outstanding cookbook nook mystery! This is a book with recipes in back (and they sound delicious). This time the subject is barbequing and it's perfect for those sultry days after Labor Day Weekend! Ms. Wood's characters are greatly...4 Stars
Once again Ms. Cass makes murder, cat, and a reading bookmobile a killer hobby! Her characters sparkle with wit and generosity that never grows old. This is the perfect book to read when one has a few minutes. There are new characters and n...4 Stars
Jane Jensen is the author of "In the Land of Milk and Honey". This is a crime novel and well worth the time spent reading it. This novel is set in the Amish community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Elizabeth Harris is a detective with t...4 Stars
"The Promise of Forgiveness" by Marin Thomas is a novel that causes the reader to think hard on the subject of forgiveness. Forgiveness is a really hard thing to figure out sometimes and for most people, they just can't forgive. In this sto...5 Stars
Darcy whisks Georgie off for what she thinks is a romantic getaway but she soon discovers that he intends for them to marry at Gretna Green. Throwing aside the concerns of her needing permission to marry due to her being in line for the cro...4½ Stars
Professor Van Helsing has settled down to a quiet life in Romania decades after his battle against Dracula. But when a darker evil known as the Nazis reach out to grab his country and threatens all he holds dear, the only tool he can reach...5 Stars
Erin is a young school teacher who begins her career at the all boy's boarding school her grandfather taught at. One of the subjects she teaches is a Senior math class. Despite her best intentions Erin soon finds herself attracted to one of...3½ Stars
This series has been very enjoyable and I'm sad to see the trio of women's stories coming to an end. Our hero this time is more traditional in his appearance except for his chameleon abilities and our heroine is not the type to jump into an...4½ Stars
Who doesn't love a pirate? Especially when he's sexy, answers the door naked and has a wicked case of snark going on? The two main characters have a flirtatious relationship as Emma delivers an unending supply of goods to Rafe. Rafe wants t...4½ Stars
Who knew a savage could be a perfect gentleman? Audrey has had a harsh existence at the hands of aliens and humans alike. When she lands in Styx's hands, she's sure she will get more of the same but gets something totally unexpected. A man...4 Stars
Sergei is cryptic and not much of a talker. He prefers to sit back and observe and then decide what to do. With Zoey those ingrained behaviors go out the window the minute he sees her. There is some instalove and undeniable attraction that...4 Stars
It's time to move on for Jack and Danielle. The allotted time has run out on their "deal" and it's back to real life for the both of them. Neither wanted to be the desperate one who appears clingy, especially if the other is happy that it i...4 Stars
I really did like this, although it was a guilty pleasure sort of liking. Knox and Mick were fun characters and it was great to see how their relationship started, so to speak. However, I would have preferred to have had a little more lead...4 Stars
Bailey Cates can really bake up a good mystery. Cates never disappoints with the Magical Bakery Mysteries. Baked goods, great recipes, and antics from her familiar and the great cast of supporting characters all combine to make these magica...4½ Stars
Holy cow! I loved this book in so many ways!!!!!!!!! You couldn't help but love each and every character!!!!!!!!!!! The author told a really good motorcycle romance story filled with oodles and oodles of sexy bikers. I loved that Hope and R...5 Stars
This was a creative story about a young girl who grows up hearing her father's tales about the ocean. He's a fisherman and when one day he doesn't come home, Merryn builds a submarine and goes in search of him. Along the way she encounters...4 Stars
Sweet and romantic, with a little heat here and there, this was a great collection of three stories to put you in the mood for the Halloween season. The Cottage on Pumpkin and Vine features 3 stories, each by a different author. Each story...4½ Stars
How does an author take a story about a rent boy and turn it into a sweet romance? I have no idea but that's what happened here. This was a really lovely story about rent boy Zac who is trying to just get by. He's overcome a drug addiction...4½ Stars
Urban Fantasy is my all time favorite genre and so I was really happy when I came across the first book in this series awhile back. I've been anxiously awaiting this follow up book and I can say I was not disappointed. This was super good....4½ Stars
"Among the Wicked" was written by Linda Castillo and is one book in the Kate Burkholder series. One of her novels was adapted into a Lifetime original movie. I have read her work before and knew I was destined for a long time on the couch r...5 Stars
Joanne Jaytanie draws readers back into a world of intrigue and DNA manipulation with this instalment in her Winters Corporation series. Kenzie Vaughn might be a woman looking to live a simple country life but she handles every situation sh...4 Stars


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Motion Potion
Well, this is interesting. From out of nowhere arrives In Motion, the second album from Lakeland, Florida's, Copeland. Somehow, unlike so many Central Florida acts, this upstart four-piece actually cobbles together influences that range beyond last year's MTV pap. Over the course of In Motion's ten tracks, Copeland moves from antique Beatles-esque pop harmonies to fuzzy, low-fi breakdowns to radio-bright melodic rock. That stylistic breadth sets them apart -- as does the fact that their songwriting remains smart and sophisticated even as it dips into that dangerous, lucrative, mass-appeal sound. They're passing through South Florida on a huge national tour and gaining momentum in the press, which almost guarantees that when they come back, they'll be somewhere a lot less intimate. Take advantage while you can. -- Jonathan Zwickel
Copeland, along with Acceptance, Lovedrug, and As Tall as Lions, play at 7 p.m. Wednesday, March 23, at the Culture Room, 3045 N. Federal Hwy., Fort Lauderdale. Tickets cost $10 in advance, $12 at the door. Call 954-564-1074.
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In Case You Missed It
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Power & Batteries
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Microsoft Government Newsroom
Governments operate in a more global and connected world than ever before, increasing the need for greater accountability, transparency and collaboration across agencies. Technology can play an important role in helping governments better serve citizens, advance issues of social and economic development, and improve citizen safety and security. At Microsoft, we're committed to partnering with governments to help identify their real-time needs and to leverage technology in a way that addresses today's pressing concerns.
- Democratizing AI for every person and every organization
- Microsoft to collaborate with Bank of America Merrill Lynch on blockchain tech
- 'Forza Horizon 3' now available worldwide on Xbox One and Windows 10 PC
- New Windows 10 and Office 365 features for the secure productive enterprise
- Adobe and Microsoft partner in the Azure cloud to help businesses transform customer engagement


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The Great Streets Initiative is a culmination of many years of planning and project development, including the public vote in March of 2014 to use the City's downtown TIF district to make new investments in the downtown's public infrastructure to ensure that Burlington residents have a downtown that is a vibrant, walkable, and sustainable urban center. Led by Suisman Urban Design, a team of City officials and designers will build upon a myriad of previous plans developed with the residents of Burlington, including Imagine City Hall Park, planBTV Downtown and Waterfront, and the Transportation Plan to: Create standards for the design and construction of downtown streets; Develop a conceptual plan for Main Street (Battery to Union) and St. Paul Street (Main to Maple); Prepare plans for the reconstruction of Main Street from Church to Pine; and Advance concept plans for the reconstruction of City Hall Park. www.GreatStreetsBTV.com
Church St
Burlington, VT 05401
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From 1 October 2012 the rules surrounding the tax liability of chair rentals in hairdressing salons will be updated as HMRC moves to ensure salons and barbers correctly identify the rental as being exempt or standard rated for VAT purposes.
Chair rentals can broadly be categorised as providing a chair with rights of access, or a clearly defined area, to a hairdresser, barber, or stylist alongside "services related to hairdressing". Such an area may take the form of a separate room within a salon, or be something as wide ranging as a floor of a building.
The notion of services being related to hairdressing has caused much of the confusion over when a supply is standard rated or exempt.
Services that are related, and it is irrespective if these are shared with other peop...


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Microscopic blobs of snot that come out when you laugh or blow hard through an uncongested nose.
My dad mad some snotule when I made him laugh.
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Hi ladies! So, my MWs recommended EPO, orally and vaginally. I was hesitant at first, but then Emily posted that she's been using it and it seems to be kicking things into gear and I was all about it. Then someone else (Ariel?) posted about how it leaks and stinks. DF loves his morning sex, and so do I and I don't want a stinky, leaky vajayjay to get in the way of that. Is anyone that has or is using it still having sex? Has anyone's partners been turned off by it? Any thoughts?
I used EPO orally and vaginally starting at 36 weeks at night. I don't think it made any difference for me in any way (but I also have nothing to compare to)...but I also didn't notice any leaking or stinkiness. I know DH and I had sex once or twice near the end, but I don't remember if it was after I started using that stuff or not.
Hmm, a stinky leaky vagina probably means an infection. Maybe she didn't wash her hands good enough when she put it up in there?
I'm using it both orally and at night vaginally - DH & I had no issues with leaky or stinky this am. It dissolves pretty quickly and is absorbed fairly well. It was definitely less than 12 hours between the 2. HTH!
This is the 4th pregnancy I've used EPO with and I've never noticed a smell. It seems very neutral to me. Infact, DH and I use it for sex...pop a pin in that little caplet and you've got a great lube.
I'm with Emily! It was awesome sex lube! DH wanted to keep using it after we had the baby. lol. It only leaks for the first half of the night. Mine usually drained out after the first bathroom visit for the night.
"TyrantOfTheWeek" wrote:
Hmm, a stinky leaky vagina probably means an infection. Maybe she didn't wash her hands good enough when she put it up in there?
No, no, nooooooo..... not like it sounds haha! When I was pin-pricking the tops of the capsules, I got some of the oil on my hands and it was not a real pleasant smell to me (though not the worse thing I have ever smelled).
And then it did make me feel very leaky overnight, but it was just the oil... there wasn't much actual leaking, but it felt very wet.
BTW, I wonder if the brand of EPO makes a difference as to how it smells??
My last pregnancy I used it both orally and vaginally at the end plus we DTD daily and never had any issues. There is a different smell to the oil but it seems to not be an issue that I remember.
I always keep the EPO caps in the fridge - it totally dulls the smell (and the taste). I have a super sensitive nose even when I am not pregnant and this always helps.
I wonder if they really need to be pricked though - when I had to use vaginal progesterone I never pricked them and they always dissolved - they are also gel caps. Anyone not prick their EPO?
Thanks for the input everyone. I think I'll try them. I like the thought of being extra lubricated and come to think of it, DF has a horrible sense of smell anyway! And, maybe it does have something to do with the brand. We'll see.
The lube factor is what kept coming to my mind. LOL


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Airtel has come up with a new 3G scheme that carry forwards your 3G prepaid balance if recharged before the pack expires. The recharge has to be done via airtel online recharge portal. I had around 800MB of Data left in my device and then recharged Rs 102 which added up 300MB to the tally and the total usage was brought to 1200 MB, another good part is that it… Read More
October 20, 2014 2:23 pm 22 comments


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Polo Ralph Lauren Big Pony Peplum Polo Shirt
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text:
The Chicago Cubs agreed to terms with outfielder Scott Hairston on Sunday and designated outfielder Tony Campana for assignment.
Hairston's deal is for two years, but other terms were not disclosed by the team. According to a source, the deal is worth $5 million.
Hairston, 32, batted .263 with 25 doubles, 20 home runs and 57 RBIs in 134 games with the New York Mets last season, setting career highs in home runs, games played and slugging percentage (.504).
Hairston has played all or part of the last nine major league seasons with Arizona (2004-07), San Diego (2007-09, 2010), Oakland (2009) and the Mets (2011-12). He is a career .247 hitter.
Hairston is one of five members of his family to play in the majors and is the third member of his family to join the Cubs organization. His uncle, Johnny, played for the Cubs in 1969, and his brother, Jerry, played for the Cubs from 2005-06.
Campana, 26, batted .262 and stole 54 bases in 184 games with the Cubs covering the last two seasons. He could go down to the Cubs' minor leagues if he clears waivers.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 1998
|Filing date
|Dec 4, 1996
|Priority date
|Dec 4, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Eric S. Nickell, Robert M. Coleman
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (14), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to bitmap-based digital color printing in which black objects and color objects are intermixedly printed, and more particularly, in which the composition of the black color for the black objects is automatically changed to be responsive to the amount of non-black colorants in the background color and to preset maximum allowed amounts for each separation.
2. Description of the Related Art
Bitmap-based digital color printers form a bitmap for each of several separations, such as cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Each bitmap--one bitmap for each color separation--contains a 1 or a 0 for each point on the page which the print head of the color printer is able to address. By this method, the print head of the printer is instructed to turn on or off at each addressible point on the page. The bitmap for each color separation separately commands the print head which is assigned to print that particular color separation. Often, a full-color bitmap-based digital printer will construct a bitmap for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, and then print each bitmap overlayed on the same page to produce a multitude of perceived colors through the combination of differing amounts of cyan, magenta, combinations of cyan, magenta, and yellow. In practice, the black colorant is also often added to the combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow colorants to increase the maximum density and avoid problems of unwanted color. When black is formed with a mixture of some of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, it is known as process black. The color black may also be formed by using the black colorant alone. In this case, it is known as single-color black.
Each type of black, process black and single-color black, have advantages and disadvantages when used in different contexts in the printing process.
When single-color black is used over a color field, it is often the case that the single-color black colorant has a gloss which is different from the gloss of the surrounding color field, and the gloss difference can be objectionable. Further, the maximum density of the single-color black colorant is often not as great as the maximum density obtainable with process black, and the density difference is particularly noticeable on certain color backgrounds. Also, the ink coverage or toner pile height of single-color black may be noticeably less than that of the surrounding color background. Finally, the presence of misregistration between the plurality of separations during the printing process, or the presence of other interactions between the separations, can result in objectionable white or light-colored fringing around a single-color black object on a color background. This occurs for example if the single-color black colorant is not printed precisely and without distortion into the hole left at that position when printing the other separations.
On the other hand, when process black is used in a white or grey field which does not contain any non-black colorants, slight misregistrations or interactions among the plurality of separations can result in objectionable color fringing at the edges of the object. Furthermore, the use of multiple colorants to form process black can result in blurred edges, thickened objects, and objectionable amounts of ink or toner coverage.
Process black can also cause problems if the same formulation of process black is used against a variety of color backgrounds. For example, a dense process black with a large amount of colorant, which might be suitable for printing over a dense or dark color background, when printed on a light colored background can create pile height or ink coverage differences between the black object and its light colored background. This can result in printing defects such as tactile unevenness or toner deletion in the background color surrounding the black object. A process black with smaller values of C, M, Y may be better suited for light backgrounds, but can show problems of "caving" if its total pile height is less than the height of the surrounding background for darker backgrounds. Further, if the C, M, Y content of a process black is significantly less than that of the color background, the chances for showing light fringes around the process black object due to misregistration is increased.
These advantages and disadvantages of single-color and process black are known in the graphics arts industry, and knowledgable graphic artists attempt to design pages which utilize the advantages and avoid the disadvantages. However, some situations, such as a black object placed only partially over a color field, or a color background which changes rapidly, or complex text or graphics over a complex color background, makes it difficult to avoid the printing problems associated with mixedly printing black and color. Furthermore, many pages not designed by a knowledgeable graphic artist can benefit from a method and apparatus to automatically create a background dependent black image.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,399 to Yoshida discloses a color image processing apparatus which has an edge detector and a control unit for controlling a black reproduction quantity for an edge according to an output from the detector. For edges, densities of color signals for yellow, magenta, and cyan are reduced in accordance with the edge quantity to increase black density.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,015 to Hayasaki et. al. discloses a method for printing a color image which makes it possible to obtain a higher density and yellow are allotted according to a color matrix table and are superimposed on at least a portion of the black ink.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,396 to Harrington discloses a method for printing a color image which yields dense black images without thickened, blurred edges. A modified black bitmap is produced by eroding the edges on the original black bitmap. The modified black bitmap is used to instruct the printing of at least one other colorant and then the original black bitmap is used to print the black colorant to yield a dense black image.
These methods have in common the attempt to limit the blurring disadvantages of process black on a white background so that it can be used in place of single-color black.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/673541, "Color Bitmap Generation with Background Dependent Black Objects", discloses a bitmap color printing method which modifies the normal bit block transfer method by which objects are merged into a bitmap prior to printing, in order to be able, without prior knowledge of the current content of the bitmap, to change a black color as it is being merged into the bitmap so that its colorant content is responsive to the background color. (The background color may include white). This helps to maximize print quality when intermixedly printing black objects and color objects. However, this method does not address a problem that by mixing the background colors into the black, it is possible to obtain a process black which in some printing systems contains excessive colorant levels that can create other printer defects such as xerographic "tenting".
By contrast, the current invention describes a bitmap color printing method which modifies the normal bit block transfer method to change a black color as it is being merged into the bitmap so that its colorant content is responsive both to the background color and also to a predetermined intermixedly printing black objects and color objects by controlling a larger range of printer defects.
One object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining when a black object is being printed and changing the method for merging it into a bitmap when such a change would change the gloss, density, and colorant level of the black color to better conform to the gloss, density, and colorant level of a color background.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining when a black object is being printed and changing the method for merging it into a bitmap such that the per separation colorant amounts in the black object are limited in order to decrease objectionable printing defects caused by excessive colorant of the black color in relation to a color background.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects and to overcome the shortcomings discussed above, a bitmap-based digital color printing method and system is provided which automatically detects when a black object is commanded to be printed, and changes the method by which the black object is merged into the bitmap of each of the color separations in such a way that the position on the page at which the black object is commanded to be printed, except if the colorant amount for any given separation exceeds a pre-set maximum for that separation. If so, the colorant amount mixed into the black object is clipped to the allowed maximum for each separation.
As objects are commanded to be printed, a detection operation detects if the objects are commanded to be printed in a black color--either a single-color-black or a process black. If so, an alternate Bit Block Transfer (BitBlt) method is chosen which merges the black color into the existing bitmaps in a way which tracks the background color already in the bitmap at that point while clipping the colorant in each separation to an upper limit. Because a bitmap generally is composed of bits which have been generated by a halftoning process, it is unduly time-consuming to take a step of determining the actual color which has previously been commanded to be printed at the location at which the black object is commanded to be printed. Therefore, the alternate BitBlt method used is one which is not dependent on prior knowledge of the background color. Instead, since a typical BitBlt operation consists of the steps of Read, Modify, Write, the Modify step in the case of a black object is adjusted to be responsive both to the information obtained by the Read operation and also to the predetermined limit for each separation. More specifically, the clipping can be accomplished at the bit level during the Modify step if both the maximum and actual colors are represented with the same monotonic halftone dot specification, and are ANDed together to form the clipped bits. In this way, the following Write operation writes a black color which is responsive to the existing bits in the bitmap where the black object is being written but clipped when necessary to the bits which express the allowed colorant limits.
The invention will be described in detail in reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a method of the prior art by which a single color black object is merged into existing separation bitmaps during page preparation process.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show sample outputs which demonstrate print quality problems produced by following the prior art method illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows a method of the prior art by which a process color black object is merged into existing separation bitmaps during page preparation process.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show sample outputs which demonstrate print quality problems produced by following the prior art method illustrated in FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 shows a further step in the prior art shown in patent application Ser. No. 08/673541 in which a single color black object is merged into existing separation bitmaps during page preparation process while preserving the background color.
FIG. 8 shows a further step in the prior art shown in patent application Ser. No. 08/673541 in which a process black object is merged into existing separation bitmaps during the page preparation process while preserving the background color.
FIG. 9 shows a potential print quality problem which can be introduced by following the prior art method illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, in cases where the background color plus the black results in excessive total colorant. In xerographic printing, excessive colorant leads to a toner pile that is high enough to cause transfer problems of surrounding toner, for example.
FIG. 10 shows by contrast the method of the invention by which the problem of excessive colorant shown in FIG. 9 can be avoided, by clipping the colorant allowed in each separation when merging into existing separation bitmaps.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an apparatus made according to and for practicing the method of the invention, in which the changes to bitmaps according to the methods of the invention take place within the bitmap generator.
FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for the overall method by which a bitmap is produced with a background and maximum limit dependent black image.
FIG. 13 shows the method by which each object is processed before being merged into the output bitmaps.
FIG. 14 illustrates conceptually the prior art method by which an object is normally merged into an existing bitmap, which is the method used in the invention for all non-black objects.
FIG. 15 illustrates conceptually the method of this invention by which the non-black separations of a black object are each merged into the existing non-black bitmaps.
FIG. 16 illustrates a sample dot at various grey levels, showing a monotonic growth pattern required by this invention wherein once a cell is turned on at some grey level, it remains on for all fruther grey levels.
FIG. 17 illustrates conceptually a prior art method shown in patent application Ser. No. 08/673541 by which the black separation of a black object may be merged into the existing black bitmap.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, a single-color black object is shown being merged into an existing set of bitmaps, one bitmap per separation, which in this case comprise cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). The object is defined by 1) a bounding box showing the maximum extent of the object, 2) a mask showing the actual shape of the object, and 3) a color which is in effect wherever the mask is on. In the prior art, for each separation bitmap, the merging process causes the color value of that separation to be written into the bitmap, obliterating whatever values were in that separation previously. In the case of a single-color black, where the non-black separation values are all 0 (white), the effect is to erase the non-black separations (ie, to put no colorant on the page so that the paper white shows through). The black separation is then written as full-black value (1) into the black separation. The net effect is a hole in the other separations and a black object at the bottom of that hole.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show print quality problems which can occur as a result of the prior art method shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, the single-color black can be seen to have a gloss level and coverage level (toner height, in the example shown) which may be objectionably different from the color background. It is not shown that a single-color black object may also have an inadequate maximum density when imaged on some color fields. A further problem is shown in FIG. 3. In this case, an objectionable white fringe can occur around part of the black object due to misregistration of the black object in relation to the surrounding color field.
The opposite effect is shown in FIG. 4. In this case, a process black object is shown being merged into an existing set of bitmaps, one bitmap per separation. As explained in FIG. 1, in the prior art, for each separation bitmap, the merging process causes the color value of that separation to be written into the bitmap, obliterating whatever values were in that separation previously. The net effect is a large change in colorant coverage in each separation, and a very large change in colorant coverage overall at the location of the-merged process black object.
Some problems in print quality that the process black merging method shown in FIG. 4 may cause are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIG. 5, a black object is shown being imaged on top of a white paper background using process black composed of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black toners. As shown in FIG. 5, in certain printing systems objectionable height differences can occur between the white background and the total pile height of all toners used in process black. Further, large differences of gloss can occur, and with slight misregistration between separations, the edge of the process black object can spread, blur, and show chromatic fringes. Other problems with excess colorant coverage not shown in FIG. 5 can also occur, such as excessive bleeding and spread caused by excess ink in certain ink jet color printing systems. FIG. 6 shows a further problem with the prior art method of merging a process black object into a bitmap. In some printing systems such as xerographic systems, the excess toner height will also cause additional deletions in the color background surrounding the process black object, resulting in objectionable light colored fringes around the black object.
FIG. 7 shows a prior art method different from that shown in FIG. 1 described in patent application Ser. No. 08/673,541 for merging a single-color black object into separation bitmaps. In this method, black objects are detected and merged differently from color objects into the existing bitmaps. Instead of writing the current value of each separation into the corresponding separation, only the black separation is written, and the other separations are left intact. The color remains black because of the black ink coverage, but the underneath color is unchanged.
Similarly, FIG. 8 shows the result of this different prior art method when a process black object containing non-black colorants is merged into existing separation bitmaps. Again, the values in the non-black separations is ignored, and only the black separation is written.
FIG. 9 illustrates a problem that can arise using the prior art method of FIGS. 7 & 8. FIG. 9 shows that, particularly if the colorant coverage of the non-black separations is already large, the addition of a full-black layer on top can sometimes cause too much total colorant, which for example in some xerographic systems can still result in deletions in the toner surrounding the black object.
By contrast, FIG. 10 shows how the method of this invention corrects the problem shown in FIG. 9. Prior to processing an image, an upper limit on the allowed colorant amount is established for each separation. This upper limit amount is halftoned with a monotonic halftone system using the correct dot established for each separation, and the resultant halftoned bits are stored in a buffer. Then, during the merging process of the new black object into the existing separation bitmaps, the existing bits in the background, which by the prior art method of FIGS. 7 & 8 would be left unmodified, are logically bitwise ANDed with the pre-established limiting bits, and the result is then merged into each separation.
Because the halftoning system used is monotonic (that is, once a bit is turned on in a halftone cell, it stays on), the result of the bitwise AND operation is that, wherever the colorant coverage in the existing bitmaps is less than the allowed limit, the existing bits will be re-merged into the background unchanged, creating the same result shown in FIGS. 7 & 8. However, wherever the limit is exceeded in any separation, the AND process will clip the bits in that separation to the maximum allowed halftoned coverage for that separation. Thus, the background beneath a black object is allowed to remain the same except where by so doing a maximum colorant level, known to cause printing problems, is exceeded in any given separation.
Referring now to FIG. 11, a generalized page printing system made according to the present invention is shown. It includes a page information source 100 connected via communication link 150 to a bitmap generator 200. Generator 200 is connected to a printer 300 via a communication link 250. Generator 200 includes an I/O controller 210, a CPU (central processing unit) 220, a RAM 230 which can store program and data information, and a storage apparatus 240 for non-volatile storage. These devices 210-240 may be any of a number of conventional devices generally available. Other hardware that accomplish the same functions can be used. As will be seen, various embodiments are realizable from this general structure.
Typically, page information source 100 may be a conventional work station or other computer system such as an IBM PC or Apple Macintosh. Communication link 150 may be a part of a computer network or a dedicated link. Bitmap generator 200 may be a dedicated computer attached to a printer 300 such as one of many electromechanical devices responsive to raster data for producing a printed page. Many other configurations are possible. For example, generator 200, programmed to function as described herein, could also be incorporated together in the same computer running the page source 100 software. In this case of shared computer hardware and separate software, the functions of page information source 100 and bitmap generator 200 remain distinct. The methods as described herein remain applicable through a wide range of apparatus configurations.
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which the bitmap generator 200 is programmed to carry out the methods described herein and shown in FIGS. 12-15. In this case, a page representation is received from conventional page source 100. The page representation may be a conventional page description language such as the language available from Adobe Systems Incorporated known as PostScript, or an equivalent. In the page representation received from the page source 100, objects such as text, graphics, or pictures can be created and placed on the page in arbitrary order. The objects are defined by descriptive commands, some of which control the location, shape, orientation, and size of an object. At least one command controls the color of an object. An object's color may include neutral colors such as black and grey. Objects may overlap each other, and a priority method determines which objects are on top of other objects.
As further discussed herein, when a page representation is received from a conventional page source 100 by bitmap generator 200 and generator 200 is programmed to carry out the method of this invention, generator 200 may in certain situations modify the output commanded by the page representation. As described herein, generator 200 may change the composition of the color of a black object contrary to the command of the page representation before merging it into the generated print data. Thus, the page as sent by a conventional page information source 100 will be printed differently than described, in order to accomplish the objectives of this invention for improving print quality. The advantage of this configuration is that page representations received from any number and variety of conventional page sources 100 may be automatically modified by generator 200 to print with higher quality.
FIG. 12 illustrates a generalized flow diagram of a process or method according to the invention by which a background and maximum limit dependent black image is formed. After starting in step S10, in step S20 a page representation is received. This page representation represents a collection of colored objects in a data format such as a conventional page description language or equivalent data format as previously described.
In step S30, the next object which has not yet been processed is retrieved from the page representation. This retrieved object is further processed in step S40 as will later be described in greater detail. In step S50, it is determined if this is the last object to be retrieved from the page description language. If it is not the last object, then control returns to step S30 where the next object is retrieved. Otherwise, if this is the last object defined by the page description language, control flows to step S60 where the bitmap, which has possibly been constructed differently than commanded by the page representation during the object processing step S40, is output.
The outputted changed bitmaps of step S60 consist of one bitmap per separation, where each separation corresponds to a colorant used in the printing process, and where the bitmaps provide instructions for printing each spot on the printable page for use by a raster color printer. In this case, the output step involves outputting the modified bitmap data to a network, a printer or a storage device. Finally, control flows to step S70, where the process ends.
FIG. 13 shows in greater detail the step S40 of processing an object. In step S410, the color of the object to be processed is examined. The color of an object can be expressed in many color spaces or systems. However, in any commonly used color space it is possible to efficiently determine if the color black has been commanded. For example, some systems use an RGB color space, and black is generally defined in such systems as R=G=B=0. Other systems express colors as combinations of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). In such systems, black may be defined as C=M=Y=1, or alternatively as C=M=Y=K=1 (two forms of process black), or alternatively as K=1 (single-color black). In the L*a*b* system, L* is an expression of the luminance of a color, and L*=0 (zero luminance) is black. In practice, black may be defined more broadly if desired. For example, an L*<5 or a K>0.95 could be defined to be treated as black if desired. Some systems allow many color spaces to be used intermixedly, but in each case it is possible to define what combinations of the components of each color space will be defined as the color black.
If in step S410 the object color is not black, control flows to step S420, in which a standard BitBlt (Bit Block Transfer--described in FIG. 14) is performed to merge the object into the output separation bitmaps in such a way that it will be printed in the correct location, with the correct shape, with the correct relation to other objects on the page, and with the correct color.
Returning to step S410, if the object color is found to be black, the processing proceeds to step S415. If the current separation to be modified is not the black separation, processing proceeds to step S440 where a modified BitBlt, modified according to the methods of this invention, is performed to merge the non-black components of the object into the non-black output separation bitmaps in such a way that it will be printed in the correct location, with the correct shape, with the correct relation to other objects on the page, but with non-black components in its color which may have a different composition from the commanded black color. However, in step S415, if the current separation to be modified is the black separation, processing proceeds to step S440 where a modified BitBlt, described in the prior art, is performed to merge the black component of the object into the existing black output separation bitmap.
FIG. 14 shows conceptually the step S420 of performing a standard BitBlt (Bit Block Transfer) into a set of output bitmaps, one per separation. Actual implementations of this conventional step of merging an object into a bitmap may include modifications and special cases for performance reasons, but conceptually will be convergent with the steps shown in FIG. 14.
In step S421, the current color is retrieved from the graphical state and transformed into a process space. Although page description languages often allow the color of an object to be expressed in many different color spaces or systems such as calibrated RGB or L*a*b*, all must ultimately be transformed to the specific colorant values needed by the particular printing process to accurately render the desired color. This color space is called a process space, most generally CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black).
After the current color is transformed, in step S422 a loop is entered which processes each separation in turn. Three paths are followed in parallel, each leading to the loading of a buffer.
In the first path, in step S423, a halftone specification is retrieved which defines the halftone dot used for this particular separation. In step S424, by thresholding the separation value for the current color against the halftone specification of the dot, a "virtual" bitmap is created which gives the bits which need to be turned on in this separation in order to print correctly the color value designated by the current color. For example, in CMYK color space, the C (cyan) separation will have a specified value. This value is achieved in reality by turning the right number of dots on or off in the printer as controlled by the halftone specification for the cyan separation. Once the virtual bitmap is defined, the value is loaded into a NewValue Buffer in step S425.
In the second path, in step S426 the currently existing bitmap is read at the exact location and area defined by the location and bounding box of the current object which is about to be merged. In step S427, these bits are loaded in order into a Current Buffer.
Finally, in the third path, in step S428, the mask which defines the shape of the object is retrieved, and in step S429, is loaded into the third buffer, the Mask Buffer.
Once all buffers are loaded, in step S430 a Multiplexing operation takes place, in which the Mask Buffer is used to select between the NewValue Buffer and the Current Buffer. Wherever the Mask is 0, that is, outside the defined shape of the object, the original Current bits are chosen to restore the bits that were already there. However, wherever the Mask is 1, that is within the object, the NewValue bits are chosen to be written as new data into the bitmap.
In step S431, the chosen bits are written into the existing bitmap in order, at the location where the object is to be written and in the size of the bounding box. This has the effect of writing the halftoned color of the object in exactly the location and shape defined by the mask.
Lastly, in step S432, the control loops back to step S422 if there are more separations to be processed, or exits to step S50 if this is the last separation.
FIG. 15 shows conceptually step S440, a method according to this invention of performing a BitBlt (Bit Block Transfer) of the non-black separations of a black object into the existing non-black output bitmaps. Actual implementations of this novel step of merging a black object into a bitmap may include modifications and special cases for performance reasons, but conceptually will be convergent with the steps shown in FIG. 15.
In step S441 a loop is entered which processes each non-black separation in turn. Three paths are followed in parallel, each leading to the loading of a buffer.
In the first path, in step S442, stored bits are retrieved which define, for that separation, the maximum colorant amount allowed. The bits have been previously generated by retrieving a pre-set maximum colorant amount for each separation, and running that value through a conventional monotonic halftone generator, using the halftone specification which defines the halftone dot used for this particular separation. By thresholding the maximum value for the current separation against the halftone specification of the dot, a "virtual " bitmap is created which gives the bits which would be turned on in this separation in order to print the maximum color value allowed. For example, in CMYK color space, the C (cyan) separation will have a pre-specified maximum allowed value. This value is achieved in reality by turning the right number of dots on or off in the printer. Once the virtual bitmap for a separation is defined and stored, its value is able to be retrieved each time in step S442.
In the second path, in step S443, the currently existing bitmap is read at the exact location and area defined by the location and bounding box of the current object which is about to be merged. In step S446, these bits are loaded in order into a Current Buffer.
Back to the first path, in step S444, the bits read in steps S442 are ANDed logically and bitwise with the bits read in step S443. This has the result of, in an extremely efficient way, clipping the halftoned bits to the minimum of the current bitmap or the allowed maximum bitmap. FIG. 16 will explain this in further detail. The result of the ANDing process, which is the same as the background bits unless they exceed the maximum allowed and are clipped, is loaded into the NewValue Buffer.
Finally, in the third path, in step S447, the mask which defines the shape of the object is retrieved, and in step S448, is loaded into the third buffer, the Mask Buffer.
Once all buffers are loaded, in step S449 a Multiplexing operation takes place, in which the Mask Buffer is used to select between the NewValue Buffer and the Current Buffer. Wherever the Mask is 0, that is, outside the defined shape of the object, the original Current bits are chosen to restore the bits that were already there. However, wherever the Mask is 1, that is within the object, the NewValue bits are chosen to be written as new data into the bitmap.
In step S450, the chosen bits are written into the existing non-black bitmap in order, at the location where the object is to be written and in the size of the bounding box. This has the effect of writing the non-black separations of the black object in exactly the location and shape defined by the mask.
Lastly, in step S451, the control loops back to step S441 if there are more non-black separations to be processed, or exits to step S50 if this is the last separation.
FIG. 16 shows why, with a conventional monotonic halftone scheme, an AND operation works effectively to clip the background bits whenever they become greater than an allowed maximum, as shown in step S444. In a monotonic halftone design, once a cell is turned on to achieve a specified halftone level, it is never turned off in for darker levels. In FIG. 16, a 9% dot is shown with 9 cells turned on (indicated by the black color) out of a possible 100 cells. Later, a 15% cell is shown, with the same 9 cells turned on plus an additional 6 (colored grey). Later, a 24% cell is shown with a total of 24 cells turned on: the original 9 black and 6 grey, plus 9 more (indicated by stripes). Thus, larger dot percentages contain all the cells turned on in previous smaller dot percentages. In the case of ANDing a background halftone with a maximum allowed halftone as in step S444 of FIG. 15, if the maximum is larger, it will contain all the 1 bits (plus additional) found in the background, and the AND operation will exactly produce only the background bits. If, on the other hand, the background is larger than the maximum allowed, the AND operation will produce exactly the maximum allowed bits. Thus, for each separation, the background beneath the black object will equal the previous background, except when it exceeds the maximum, in which case it will equal the maximum allowed level.
FIG. 17 shows the steps used in the prior art shown in patent application Ser. No. 08/673541 for merging the black separation of a black object into the existing black bitmap. In step S461 the current separation is set to black. From step S461, control flows to two parallel paths, each of which load a buffer. The first path, shown by steps S462 and S463, loads the Current Buffer in the manner described above in FIG. 15. Similarly, the second path in steps S464 and S465 loads the Mask Buffer as described in FIG. 15.
In contrast with FIG. 15, Step S466 in FIG. 17 shows that the Mask Buffer is now used as the NewValue, and the Current Buffer as the Current, and the two buffers are no longer multiplexed but simply logical OR'd. This is because since we know the object is black (ie, all bits turned on), the Mask Bits adequately define that color value (the Mask bits are all 1 (black) within the shape of the object). By OR-ing the two input streams, wherever the Mask is 0 (ie, outside the shape of the object), the Current bits will be returned to their current value. However, wherever the Mask is on, 1 bits (black) will be written into the black bitmap. It would, of course, be possible to perform the black separation mixing as in FIG. 14, but the method described in FIG. 16 avoids both color transformation and multiplexing steps.
Finally, in step S467, the resulting bits are written into the black bitmap at the location and area defined by the bounding box of the current object, and control exits to step S50.
While this invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments of the invention as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1985
|Oct 13, 1987
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color image processing apparatus
|Jan 12, 1988
|May 16, 1989
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Color image processing system having an adjustable UCR function
|Mar 8, 1989
|Mar 13, 1990
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method for tone reproduction in image forming system
|Dec 13, 1988
|Aug 28, 1990
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method for printing a color image which includes black ink
|Sep 16, 1991
|Aug 31, 1993
|Xerox Corporation
|Color printing yielding a dense black image
|Nov 30, 1992
|Jul 19, 1994
|Xerox Corporation
|Method and apparatus for improving full color images using process black and printer black
|Nov 29, 1993
|May 21, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Image processing method to reduce marking material coverage in printing processes
|May 24, 1996
|Apr 7, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Non uniform modification of process black colorants to achieve conflicting quality requirements
|May 24, 1996
|May 19, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Color order in predicting pile height constraints in a xerographic color printing system
|May 24, 1996
|Jul 21, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Automatic algorithmic determination of process black over a color field
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1997
|Mar 21, 2000
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Thresholded undercolor removal and black replacement in a thermal-inkjet printer or plotter
|Mar 10, 1997
|Jul 4, 2000
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Random printmasks in a multilevel inkjet printer
|Mar 10, 1997
|Jan 23, 2001
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Cell-based text enhancement for a color printer by complete excess-color stripping, based on previous regions
|May 30, 2001
|Oct 26, 2004
|Global Graphics Software Limited
|System and method for rendering printing traps with application of color transformations
|Mar 25, 2002
|Oct 3, 2006
|Lexmark International, Inc.
|Color trapping for an image forming apparatus
|Nov 30, 1999
|Apr 22, 2008
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Image processing device and image processing method thereof
|Aug 25, 2000
|Jan 13, 2009
|Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
|Image processing system
|Apr 13, 2010
|Kyocera Mita Corporation
|System for detecting and avoiding printing of solid black areas
|Jul 20, 2010
|Xerox Corporation
|Method and system for encoding color images to black-and-white bitmaps and decoding color images
|Oct 15, 2008
|Apr 3, 2012
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image forming apparatus, image forming method, and computer readable medium recording a printing data generation program
|Feb 21, 2003
|Aug 28, 2003
|Martin Bailey
|Evaluating the overprint characteristics of a prepress workflow
|Aug 10, 2005
|Feb 15, 2007
|Tomoyuki Tanaka
|System for detecting and avoiding printing of solid black areas
|Oct 15, 2008
|Apr 23, 2009
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image Forming Apparatus, Image Forming Method, and Computer Readable Medium Recording a Printing Data Generation Program
|Sep 1, 2004
|Mar 9, 2005
|Xerox Corporation
|Selective enhancement of black
|U.S. Classification
|358/1.9, 358/529, 358/518, 358/501
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 4, 1996
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
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|Jun 4, 2002
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Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEXAS
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Effective date: 20030625
|Apr 10, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 16, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Porton Medellin Hotel, Medellin
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 70 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Health club
- 24-hour business center
- Airport shuttle
- In-room childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
What's around
- In El Poblado
- Oviedo Mall (0.3 mi / 0.6 km)
- La Strada Mall (0.5 mi / 0.9 km)
- Santa Fe Mall (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Poblado Park (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
- EAFIT University (1.3 mi / 2.1 km)
Porton Medellin Hotel, Medellin
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $70
- Standard Triple Room
- Garden View Room
- Twin Room
- Junior Suite
- Standard Single Room
- Standard Room
- Superior Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 70 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 9 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is 1 PM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Children (10 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding, but may not be eligible for free breakfast
- Parents must have child's birth certificate and photo ID *
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Free valet parking
In the hotel
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Health club
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Pilates classes on site
- Steam room
- 24-hour business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Meeting rooms 2
- Conference space size (feet) - 1130
- Conference space size (meters) - 105
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1994
- Elevator/lift
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Television in common areas
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- Air conditioning
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- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
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- Soundproofed rooms
- Turndown service
- Private bathroom
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- Free toiletries
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- 42-inch LCD TV
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- Desk
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- Free WiFi
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- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
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Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
Spa Santa Maria has 2 treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, body wraps, and body scrubs. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including hydrotherapy. The spa is equipped with a mud bath, a sauna, a spa tub, and Turkish bath/hammam.
Children under 12 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision. Guests under 10 years old are not allowed in the spa.
DiningRestaurante Porton - This fine-dining restaurant overlooks the garden. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
Porton Medellin Hotel, Medellin's small print
Also known as
- Porton Hotel
- Porton Medellin
- Porton Medellin Hotel
If you are traveling with a child your hotel may require you to present the following documents: Parents traveling into Colombia with a child under 18 may be required to present the child's birth certificate and photo ID (passport for foreign visitors) upon check-in. If a relative or legal guardian is traveling into Colombia with the child, that relative or legal guardian may be required to present a notarized consent of travel signed by both parents and a copy of both parents' ID. If only one parent is traveling into Colombia with the child, that parent may be required to present a notarized consent of travel signed by the other parent. Visitors who plan to travel with children should consult with a Colombian consulate office prior to travel for further guidance.
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Children under 10 years old are not allowed in the health club without adult supervision.
Children under 12 years old are not allowed in the spa without adult supervision.
Guests under 10 years old are not allowed in the spa.
For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A 16 percent city/local tax will be charged
- The national sales tax (16%) is charged upon check-out to citizens of Colombia regardless of length of stay and to foreigners staying 60 consecutive days or more. Foreigners on a tourist visa are exempt from this tax. Furthermore, the tax may apply per room when the room is shared by a taxable and a nontaxable guest.
- Resort fee: USD 5 per person, per night
Resort fee inclusions:
- Breakfast
- Fitness center access
- Business center/computer access
- Newspaper
- In-room safe
- Concierge/valet service
- Valet parking
- Parking
- Housekeeping
Inclusions may be listed elsewhere on the page as free or for a surcharge.
Optional extras
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of USD 35 per vehicle (roundtrip)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
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A Cedar Hill Homeowner Shot and Killed the Mayor's Stepson During a Christmas Burglary
Just before midnight on Christmas Eve, Gareth Long woke to a noise outside his bedroom door. He got out of bed, grabbed a handgun and went to investigate.
In the hallway of his Cedar Hill home, Long's attorney told The Dallas Morning News, he encountered a stranger. Several times, Long told the man he was armed and asked the intruder to leave. When he wouldn't, Long fired.
The man, identified by police as 31-year-old Joshua Slaven, was pronounced dead one minute before the clock struck midnight.
Slaven is reportedly the stepson of Cedar Hill Mayor Rob Franke, who lives a couple of blocks away from Long on the same street.
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According to court records, Slaven wasn't supposed to be at either home. The Morning News reports that he was arrested on November 25 for violating a protective order after showing up at the mayor's home and attempting to persuade his sister to let him in.
Long's lawyer, Chris Knox, says Long's actions were justified under Texas' castle doctrine.
"It's very unfortunate that Mr. Long was forced into a position of having to defend himself, his wife and his home from a nighttime intruder," Knox told the News. "Nobody ever asks to be placed in such a life-threatening position, but Mr. Long's actions were absolutely justified and completely protected under Texas law."
Send your story tips to the author, Eric Nicholson.
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