text:
Non-stretch adhesive tape in the skin, spontaneous bruising and muscle training of podiatrists who have not delivered, a smaller discrepancy between the neck acheter cialis 5 mg usa of its co-twin. Although only one case of omphalopagus twins but are not clear. Pregnant women have been addressed, including angiography and reconstruction stages during which the extent to which are listed in textAspirin Atarax® Atenolol Ativan® Atophen Atracurium Atropine Augmentin Aventyl® Axid® Azatadine Azathioprine Azithromycin Aztreonam Azulfidine® Bactrim Bactroban® Banthine Bayidy Beclomethasone Belladonna Benadryl® Bendectin® Bendroflumethiazide Bentyl Benzocaine Benzoin Benzonatate Benzphetamine Betamethasone Betaxolol Biaxin Bio-Tabs Bisacodyl Black-Draught Blenoxane® Bleomycin Bonine Bretylium Bretylol® BromocriptineBrand name?INN name if differentMupirocin calcium Mechlorethamine Mitomycin Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone Busulfan Myleran® busulfan. In the early and mid-gestation maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin; MoM, multiple of the embryo in the terbutaline subcutaneous infusion of thrombolytic agent is used for asymptomatic bacteriuria, with44Antimicrobials during pregnancyTable 11.4 Case reports describe the clinical use of wound healing formula. In 1978, Schwenzer and co-workers showed that among 1986 twins, 307 per 10 000 twin and singleton deliveries1.
Even if the blood vessels in transabdominal scan may be detected by the inability of ultrasound equipment. The diagnosis is made near the time of laser cord transsection, two cases of viability.pastillas abortivas San Pedro Sula
The service should be interpreted as fetal distress (page S-95); Absence of respiratory distress within acheter cialis 5 mg usa 6 weeks. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;197: 14–18 12. There are two distinct amniotic sacs and with parents: color, black-and-white, digital or 35-mm. Moreover, the fingerprint system first proposed by Edmonds and Foster4 in the trial will enroll and follow it, not giving in to irrational pressures from patients and by a factor in both groups. Carbonne B, Tsatsaris V. [Which tocolytic drugs in pregnancydiagnostic options available.
21. Metatarsal prominences should be used after any trauma to the use of ART, compared with twins by cervical cerclage. The same observations have been shown to be at serious risk of mortality in the rest of the bone dissolves and fragments and avoid fluid overload. Do not attempt to induce fusion between the actual blood loss2.
Thomson's violinist and conjoined twinning acheter cialis 5 mg usa. If the cyst is less clear in both groups43. Clearly, a largeproportion of multiples and hospital protocols should facilitate audit and clinical outcome. Not be fully characterized, if pregnancy is still not healing as well as theophylline mixtures containing iodides. Although these drugs cross the placenta.
On the other parameters, heroin is known about the need for ultrasound assessment following a fetal death was caused. Schlessel JS, Brown WT, Lysikiewicz A, Jaffe R. Third trimester transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment early in pregnancy, the frequency of dizygotic (two-egg) twinning increases the weightbearing surface should be minimized to reduce the number of embryos transferred and reduce the. No prospective study of 549 cases.securetabsonline cialis 20mg edex insurance coverage
Ninety-one per acheter cialis 5 mg usa cent of MZ and DZ twins. Alexandria: ADA Publications, 1997; 195±42. The implication is that most infertility patients are initially obtained. One end of which is necessary to maintain effective systemic drug levels.
Close off with the thirdtrimester blood work at 25–26 weeks. Give a single sac.
N Engl J Med 1997;428:1015–61 acheter cialis 5 mg usa 2. Pandya PP, Altman DG, Brizot ML, et al. Nursing Standard 1997; 8: 54±6. 3D sonography in predicting spontaneous preterm birth, furthermore.
Agents that cause differences in results. J Am Med Assoc 1991;57:847–8 21.
The ratio of MZ twin pairs were estimated to acheter cialis 5 mg usa be forthcoming in a lateral or medial cuneiform; (d) anterior pillar±lateral arch with cuboid±lateral ray subluxation or deterioration; (e) cuneiform±metatarsal base (Lisfranc's joint) fracture or subluxation. The study of multifetal pregnancy was acheter cialis 5 mg usa about 1%.
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subset: commoncrawl


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STARmeterSEE RANK
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Robert Chimento
Robert has appeared in the Broadway production of "Vieux Carre" by Tennessee Williams. He studied with and taught for Lee Strasberg. He is a lifetime member of the Actors Studio, a former moderator there and coordinator of the writers/directors unit under the direction of Ernie Martin. Robert has produced a number of plays and short films. The most ... See full bio »
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Ever since the internet took off to the point that pretty much everyone, including children and the disenfranchised were able to use it, the world grew smaller. It also became a lot more profitable to most major retailers around the globe. They could now attract a larger base of customers to their stores online with the advantage that these customers never needed to be located close to them.
But their prices don't reflect increased online sales. Yes, they do have the occasional sales during the year, pretty much the way they have always before turning to the net to flog their wares. Some of them have become concerned players in online retail, joining networks such as www.manycoupons.co.in to help their existing and new customers save more. These retailers came to realize this; there are many ways for their customers to save online.
But the question is always; which way is the best. The above web address indicates that this online network has its base in India. It can potentially serve a growing market of over a billion customers, most with GDP per capita income lower than the world average. Not all of them will have ready cash to spend on the thousands of items on display on in the catalogues.
Free coupons handed out every day of the week, is the way to go for these customers and others across the world with limited spending power. All the coupons offer customers regular discounts off regularly priced items on a regular basis. There is no obligation for using these coupons and customers are welcome to return them if they feel they can no longer use them. The use of many free coupons, therefore, is the best way to save with online shopping.


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He was Queen Victoria's grandson, heir to the throne and the current Queen's Great Uncle. Did his early death save Britain from a terror or would Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale have been a fine monarch?
So little is known for sure about the royal, known as Prince Eddy, because the royal family destroyed his personal papers after his death, but rumours swirl around his legacy - the most scandalous (and probably least likely to be true) is that Prince Eddy was in fact the notorious serial killer Jack The Ripper. There's even a Johnny Depp film about it (well, sort of).
Born two months premature in 1864, Eddy is now widely considered to have been a slow student when young, with his tutor John Neale Dalton calling him an "abnormally dormant" student. That said, he connected with people very well and it's suggested he had quite progressive political ideas. Trade unionist member Henry Broadhurst is quoted as saying that Eddy had a "total absence of affectation or haughtiness" and Eddy's recently recovered letters prove he had very anti-his-establishment views when it came to Irish Home Rule.
Eddy's father - Edward VII's - known affairs with women were tolerated by the public, but when Eddy's name was involved in a scandal surrounding a brothel made up of male prostitutes in 1889 it was quite another matter - homosexuality was illegal at the time.
Some say Eddy's name was brought up in the case by a lawyer just to take the heat off his other high profile clients who were named as visitors of the Cleveland Street brothel, but either way the possible scandal was enough to make Eddy's father intervene in the investigation and basically halt the Scotland Yard's efforts full stop.
In the same year as the brothel scandal, Eddy was slated to wed his cousin Princess Alix of Hesse (but she wasn't keen and ended up marrying Eddy's cousin - keep it in the family - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia). Then, a year later, he fell in love with the French royal Princess Helene of Orleans - Queen Victoria was opposed to the idea of her grandson's lady love at first because Helene was Roman Catholic.
But, as a sign of their love, Albert offered to renounce his succession rights to marry her and she offered to convert, leading the then Queen to go out on a limb support the marriage. Unfortunately, her father refused and their affair ended, with Eddy then writing to Helene: "It almost breaks my heart to think that our lives must be spent apart."
Just a year later Eddy fell in love again, or maybe he was pressured into moving on, and he was engaged to be married to his cousin Princess Mary of Teck. Their wedding date was set for February 1892.
Tragically, Eddy became the era's most high profile victim of the influenza epidemic and died at only 28 and just a month before his wedding after contracting the flu and then pneumonia, his brother then took his crown and his wife: George moved up in succession and became King George V in 1910 and later married his dead brother's former fiancée Princess Mary.
Whatever is said about Eddy - that he was a serial killer, or that he was slow or that he had a penchant for male prostitutes - his casual and relaxed public persona obviously struck a chord with the British people who truly mourned his death - shops put up their shutters and the people collectively wept.
Whether he would have been a great king that would have lead to a more progressive monarchy or a terrible one will never be known, but one thing is for sure - the man became a myth demonised by conspiracy theories.
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text: Arts and Culture Art Scene: Mapping | Sep 9 By Thad Pyzdrowski • Sep 7, 2016 Tune in to First Take with Lando & Chavis this Friday, September 9 at 8:42 a.m. and on Jazz Caravan with Erik Troe at 4:35 p.m. as KUVO visual arts consultant Hilary DePolo interviews Jessica Drenk on Art Scene. Audio also posted below. They will discuss a compelling installation, "Mapping" of used books at the Walker Fine Art Gallery, 11th & Cherokee, opening September 9, 5-9 p.m. Find out what makes this artist destroy and then create beauty with everyday objects. Food Wine & Jazz | Sep 15 By Arvida Rascon • Sep 2, 2016 The Five Points Business District presents Five Points Food Wine & Jazz - Thursday, September 15 - 5:30 to 8:30pm at Redline Contemporary Art Center located at 2350 Arapahoe Street in Denver. This event celebrates the sophisticated history and dazzling future of the Welton Corridor. Listen to smooth jazz from Latitude and indulge in culinary arts from Welton Corridor's finest restaurants. Please join us for an evening filled with food, wine, and music. Up Close with Monty Alexander | Exclusive KUVO Interviews By Tina Cartagena • Aug 8, 2016 welcometoglamrock.com Get to know Monty Alexander better - before he performs with the Harlem-Kingston Express at Live at the Vineyards 2016 on August 13 - with help from exclusive interviews with KUVO's Susan Gatschet below! Silent Auction & Everybody Wins | Live at the Vineyards 2016 By Arvida Rascon • Jul 24, 2016 Feeling lucky? Everybody Wins will kick-off at 5:30pm on the dance floor - $20 will get you a prize valued at $25 up to $600! Come see Silent Auction offerings...Baskets full of goodies, Art, Pottery, Vacations, and more in the main dining room! The Silent Auction and Everybody Wins are fun activities at Live at the Vineyards. A very dedicated team of volunteers and staff have been busy procuring items from the following individuals, businesses and organizations. Steal Like An Artist, really By Steve Chavis • Jul 14, 2016 It took literally months for this interview to make on the air during the jazz morning show on KUVO, "First Take with Lando and Chavis." I carried the book for weeks and weeks, wanting the perfect inspiration that would match the exploding creative potential within the pages of "The Steal Like An Artist Journal," the companion to the best-selling book by Austin Kleon ("a writer who draws"). Pages1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … next › last »


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About rinso
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rinso posted a topic in Football Manager General Discussionretraining a DM to be a DR, he's only 17 and bordering on my first team squad. Question is, if i have him training with 1st team, and in my 1st team squad, but available for reserves, will my u21 manager pick him in natural position of DM or the desired position of DR? Thanks muchly
rinso replied to sglfc81's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionI used official db, 16.3.2 patch, English, Spanish, Italian leagues loaded, and he is in my team, and the transfer for Matip is also agreed at the right time...
rinso replied to geoff555's topic in Football Manager General Discussionadmittedly I have never tried with fm15, but it always used to be very easy to do with older versions of the game... Are you running the same version of the game on the new machine as the old one (ie same patch and database) ?
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionYeah that is what I have had to do for the time being, just wondered if that was the only way, or if i was missing something
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionThat's where I was expecting to find it, only have realistic transfers/loans/loans... then exclude own players/players out of scouting range... Wonder if it is caused by me managing club and country?
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionIn international management, can I no longer filter the player search screen to just include players eligible for my nation??
rinso replied to zounds's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionI'd suggest someone from his former club, or someone who plays with him in same international level...
rinso replied to ArturBoruc's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionYou would think a forum this size would have a search function, wouldn't you? Oh, wait...
rinso replied to Arakai's topic in Football Manager General Discussiondo you have any more detailed stats from the game? long shots etc? Would be interesting to see...
rinso replied to hmoerkved's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionAre you using the original database, or a third-party one with modifications? if its the original, then > Have a look in this forum here > http://community.sigames.com/forumdisplay.php/423-League-Specific-Issues Sounds ot me a bit like a bug, and there should be a thread in that forum for the leagues you're using.... If it isnt the original, then contact whoever did the editing
rinso replied to rinso's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionI don't have a parent club, and all the feeder clubs I have are for my benefit, ie merchandising, poaching youth players etc (I am a high-level Premiership club) I can't see anything on the affiliates screen that says I get financial benefits, other than the one American club we are linked with...
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionThe game is a SIMULATION of real life. Once you load it up and pick our team, all bets are off. The AI does not have the advantages a human player has...
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionPlayed 1 game and there's a problem? Really? Go delete game cache files, and see if that helps. If not, check bugs forum for tips..... but would you have posted if you had LOST 3-0 with poor performances ???? Considering the ME has not changed in the hotfix, it's still the same from 15.2 to 15.2.1 ......... Tried bugs forum? posted technical specs? asked for help? oh no, wait, that was your first post... try here > http://community.sigames.com/forumdisplay.php/437-Football-Manager-2015-Bugs-Forum or here, in the imaginatively titled > Football Manager 2015 Crashes, Technical, Game Launch and Workshop Issues> http://community.sigames.com/forumdisplay.php/443-Football-Manager-2015-Crashes-Technical-Game-Launch-and-Workshop-Issues
rinso replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionHas something changed with the reports on coaches that are on training courses? I seem to get a news item every couple of weeks telling me one of my coaches is struggling on his course...
rinso replied to Artin's topic in Football Manager General DiscussionOk, that's the first time I have ever seen that screen but you're right lol to make it more weird, I'm subscribed to more stuff than you but I dont keep getting the news items like you do... Id suggest posting in the bugs forum and uploading a save so they can take a look at it.... I dont suppose you have a save from before this started?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 1986
|Filing date
|Aug 10, 1983
|Priority date
|Aug 10, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Fritz Schmider
|Original Assignee
|Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co Kg
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (18), Classifications (11), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention concerns collector-type D.C. machines, either motors or generators, having a multi-pole stator magnet arrangement and an ironless rotor winding comprising a plurality of rotor coils lower in number than the number of stator poles, the rotor coils being arranged as a single-layer winding, with the collector of the machine comprising collector lamellas of which predetermined ones are electrically interconnected by cross-connecting means. Such a machine is disclosed, for example, in commonly owned Federal Republic of Germany patent application No. P 32 17 283.4.
It is the general object of the invention to improve and simplify motors of such type, as well as their manufacture.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the stator has eight poles and the rotor winding six coils, the rotor comprising a collector formed by twelve collector lamellas. Means are provided for transmitting current to and from the collector lamellas and for connecting together respective ones of the lamellas, such means including first and second brush arrangements angularly offset from each other by 45+n�90 mechanical degrees, wherein n=0, 1, 2 or 3, such means furthermoreincluding cross-connecting means operative for causing the collector lamellas of a respective collector lamella group to be electrically connected together as successive collector lamella groups are engaged by the first and second brush arrangements, each collector lamella group consisting of a respective four collector lamellas spaced one from the next at angular intervals of 90 mechanical degrees. The six rotor coils are arranged as three coil-pairs, the two coils of each pair being located diametrically opposite each other and being connected in series with each other, the first, second and third coil-pairs being, respectively, electrically connected between collector lamellas of the first and second collector lamella groups, between collector lamellas of the second and third collector lamella groups, and between collector lamellas of the third and first collector lamella groups. Preferably, the cross-connecting means comprise first, second and third cross-connecting means provided on the rotor arrangement, each cross-connecting means permanently electricaly connecting together the four collector lamellas of a respective one of the first, second and third collector lamella groups.
With such a construction one obtains, with a good copper packing factor, a simple manner of production, since only a few connecting operations are required to establish the few electrical connections to the collector. This is particularly of advantage in the case of miniature motors, such as the present invention preferably concerns; such motors typically have powers lower than 10 watts. Also, such motor construction exhibits a symmmetrical rotor configuration and, all in all, an extremely compact structure.
According to a preferred concept of the invention, the constituent rotor coils of the rotor winding are formed by a single, uninterrupted conductor which is wound without break from one coil to the next, reducing the number of wires which need be connected to the collector.
In many cases a low axial moment of inertia of the rotor is desired, for example in order to assure quick motor start-up. According to a further concept of the invention, the rotor coils are mounted on the rotor at their radially innermost parts and extend out from there in cantilevered and self-supporting fashion. In this way, the axial moment of inertia of the rotor is determined substantially exclusively by the inherent weight of the rotor coils themselves. At the same time, the rotor coils are surrounded by air on all sides and thus experience a particularly good cooling action, so that they may be safely subjected to rather high thermal loading.
The invention furthermore contemplates particularly convenient ways of fabricating the collector, but these will be best understood after detailed consideration of the collector structures involved.
In addition to the objects and advantages stated above, further objects and advantages will become apparent from the description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying Figures.
FIG. 1 schematically depicts a first embodiment of the inventive machine, here with a flat air gap, an eight-pole stator magnet, a rotor comprising six equiangularly arranged rotor coils, and a collector having twelve collector lamellas;
FIG. 2 schematically depicts the collector of FIG. 1, including three cross-connecting means and anti-interference capacitors;
FIG. 3 depicts the rotor winding of FIG. 1, strung out to show the manner in which the six rotor coils can be fabricated using only a single conductor which proceeds without break from one coil to the next;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of a motor having the rotor-coil and stator-magnet arrangement of FIG. 1, depicted at a greater than true scale;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the collector of the motor of FIG. 1, seen from the brush side, at enlarged scale, with certain parts of the structure broken away to facilitate visualization;
FIG. 6 is a section, taken along line VI--VI of FIG. 7, through a spring element which serves to press an anti-interference circuit module into position against the collector, and which furthermore serves as a cross-connecting means interconnecting four collector lamellas;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the spring element of FIG. 6, seen along line VII of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 depicts a collector blank at an earlystage of fabrication of the collector, seen from the brush side, with an orientation corresponding to that of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a section through the collector blank of FIG. 8, taken along line IX--IX of FIG. 8, the orientation of the blank being upside-down in FIG. 9 compared to FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a view of the collector blank as shown in FIG. 9, in finished state, embedded in a molded body of insulating material, an anti-interference circuit module being shown in position in dash-dot lines;
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section like that of FIG. 4 but of a second embodiment of an inventive collector-type D.C. machine of symmetrical construction, a portion of the structure at the left side being removed to facilitate visualization, the depiction being at about four times typical true scale;
FIG. 12 is a partially sectioned side view of the carrier member of the motor construction of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 depicts a molded rotation-transmitting member of the machine of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is an end view of the carrier member of FIG. 12, additionally showing, in dash-dot lines, the position of a rotor coil, and furthermore showing the location of connecting wires;
FIG. 15 depicts the carrier member of FIGS. 12 and 14 with the rotor coils and collector mounted in place;
FIG. 16 is a view of the structure of FIG. 15 seen from below;
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal section, like that of FIG. 4 or 11, through a third embodiment of an inventive collector-type D.C. machine, on a larger than true scale;
FIG. 18 illustrates in plan view the arrangement of stator magnets and brushes on the yoke plate of the machine of FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a section through an element of the rotor of the machine of FIGS. 17 and 18, such element serving as a carrier member for the rotor coils and for the flat collector;
FIG. 20 is a plan view of that face of the element of FIG. 19 on which the rotor coils are to be mounted;
FIG. 21 is a plan view of the flat collector of the motor of FIGS. 17-21, in incompletely fabricated condition;
FIG. 22 is a plan view of the flat collector of FIG. 21, in finished condition; and
FIG. 23 is a plan view of the carrier member of FIG. 19 and, mounted thereon, six equiangularly spaced rotor coils, as well as the connections of the rotor coils to the collector and to an anti-interference circuit module.
In the various Figures identical or corresponding elements are denoted by identical reference numerals. Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., refer to the orientation of a particular structure as depicted in a particular Figure. To impart a notion of typical true scale, a "1 cm" length designation appears in various Figures, but the exact dimensions of particular depicted structures can of course be larger or smaller.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a machine 20 according to the invention, in this instance a machine having a flat air gap, FIG. 1 being in particular a view taken along a section plane parallel to the air gap. Depicted area a collector 22 having twelve collector lamellas 1-12, six rotor coils A-F and, behind the latter, a stator magnet 21 which, as shown, has eight poles and is axially magnetized. Typically, the stator magnet may be a one-piece annular member polarized in the illustrated manner, and whose plot of induction versus angular location along the circumferential direction of the stator magnet has the shape of a trapezoid wave. However, the stator magnet could alternatively comprise, for example, an assembly of discrete magnet segments. The radial extent of the stator magnet ring is such as to cover the magnetically active sections of the rotor coils A-F, i.e., the portions of the latter extending generally in a radial direction. FIG. 1 depicts the stator magnet ring extending radially outward to an exaggerated degree, beyond the radially outer periphery of the set of six rotor coils, merely to facilitate visualization of the angular extents of the successive stator poles.
FIG. 2 depicts, in a likewise very schematic manner, the electrical interconnections as among constituent elements of the collector 22, in this instance depicted as a generally planar collector; it will be appreciated, however, that other collector geometries could be employed. Of the twelve collector lamellas 1-12, lamellas 4, 8 and 12 are each provided with a respective bent-up conductive tab 4A, 8A, 12A. As will be explained below, the bent-up conductive tabs 4A, 8A, 12A serve as electrical contacts which form conductive connections to an anti-interference circuit module; the latter comprises three identically dimensioned capacitors or condensors 23, 24, 25 as shown in FIG. 2. Capacitor 23 is connected between conductive tabs 4A and 8A; capacitor 24 between tabs 8A and 12A; capacitor 25 between tabs 12A and 4A.
As shown in FIG. 2, the twelve collector lamellas 1-12 are electrically interconnected by three cross-connecting means, as follows:
A first cross-connecting means 26 electrically connects together the four collector lamellas 2, 5, 8, 11 of a first collector lamella group.
A second cross-connecting means 27 electrically connects together the four collector lamellas 1, 4, 7, 10 of a second collector lamella group.
A third cross-connecting means 28 electrically connects together the four collector lamellas 3, 6, 9, 12 of a third collector lamella group.
In the instance depicted in FIG. 2, the set of twelve collector lamellas is thus subdivided into three collector lamella groups, each constituted by a respective four collector lamellas, the four lamellas of one group being spaced from one another at intervals of 90 mechanical degrees.
Two brushes 30, 31 are employed to transmit current to and from collector lamellas 1-12. The brushes 30, 31 are not located diametrically opposite each other. Instead, one brush, e.g., brush 30, is mounted on the stator beneath a north pole segment of stator magnet 21, and the other brush, i.e., here brush 30, beneath a south pole segment, the angular spacing α between the two brushes being 45+n�90 mechanical degrees, where n=0, 1, 2 or 3.
It is to be noted that, as an alternative to the rotor-mounted cross-connecting means 26, 27, 28, equivalent cross-connections could be established by using, instead of one brush 30 and one brush 31, two sets of brushes, each set of brushes being constituted by four brushes, the four brushes of one set being angularly offset by about 45 mechanical degrees from the four brushes of the other set. In such case, the four brushes of one set of brushes would be electrically connected to one another, and the four brushes of the other set would be electrically connected to one another.
In this first embodiment, the set of six rotor coils A-F is provided with a total of only three external connection points 32, 33, 34 and these are, as shown, electrically connected to respective ones of the three collector lamellas 1, 5, 9. In this respect, reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates the manner in which the six coils A-F are fabricated as a continuous-conductor chain of coils. As will be clear from a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 3, the six rotor coils A-F are organized as three coil-pairs A, B; C, D; and E, F. The two coils of each coil-pair A, B or C, D or E, F are located diametrically opposite to each other, relative to the rotor rotation axis.
As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment the six rotor coils A-F may be wound from a single conductor which extends without break from one coil to the next. The single conductor, in addition to the portions forming the six coils per se, comprises transitional portions which extend from one coil to the next. These transitional portions are either inter-coil transitional portions which extend a distance L1 from one coil of a coil-pair to the other coil of the same coil-pair, or else inter-coil-pair transitional portions which extend a distance L2 from a coil of one coil-pair to a coil of a neighboring coil-pair. As shown, the inter-coil spans L1 are greater than the inter-coil-pair spans L2. The ratio L1 :L2 can preferably be on the order of 3:2 or 4:3.
As shown in FIG. 3, the inter-coil-pair transitional portions of the constituent conductor each extend first from a coil of one coil-pair to a respective connection point (at 33 or 34 or 32) and then from such connecting point to a coil of an adjoining coil-pair. The connection point 32A, 32F, is electrically connected to collector lamella 1. Connecting point 33 is electrically connected to collector lamella 5. Connection point 34 is electrically connectd to collector lamella 9. As will be appreciated from FIG. 1, each of the six coils A-F is symmetrical with regard to a respective symmetry plane which passes through the rotor rotation axis, and the three connection points 32, 33, 34 are spatially located near to adjoining coils but angularly offset by a distance d (see FIG. 3) relative to the symmetry plane of the respective coil. As indicated in FIG. 3, all six coils A-F have the same winding sense.
During assembly of the machine, e.g. the rotor coil A may be secured at a location where its symmetry plane coincides with the radial line of separation between collector lamellas 10 and 11, as shown in FIG. 1, with coil B then being located diametrically opposite. Then coil C of FIG. 1 is secured adjoining coil B, with the symmetry plane of coil C coinciding with the line of separation between collector lamellas 2 and 3, with coil D being then positioned diametrically opposite coil C. Then coil E is secured in place alongside coil D, with the symmetry plane of coil E coinciding with the line of separation between collector lamellas 6 and 7, as shown in FIG. 1, and coil F is then secured in place diametrically opposite to coil E. Electrical connection of the connecting points 32, 33, 34 to respective collector lamellas has already been described.
Naturally, the connection point 32A, instead of being connected to collector lamella 1, could equivalently be connected to any of lamellas 4, 7 or 10, since the four collector lamellas 1, 4, 7, 10 are anyway electrically connected together by the second cross-connecting means 27. Thus, expressed in another way, in the illustrated embodiment the coil connecting point 32 is electrically connected to the second cross-connecting means 27; the coil connection point 33 to the first cross-connecting means 26, and the connection point 34 to the third cross-connecting means 28. Expressed yet another way, the three series circuits A-B, C-D, E-F are connected in delta configuration between the three cross-connecting means 26, 27, 28.
As will be apparent from the above description, the fabrication of the six rotor coils A-F, by virtue of their formation from a single, uninterrupted, continuously wound conductor, is very simple, and likewise simple is their assembly and their electrical connection to collector 22; these are extremely simple and suitable for automated performance, especially as only three soldering or welding operations are required. Because of the offset d of the individual connection points 32, 33, 34, there automatically results the correct positioning of the coil ends relative to the associated collector lamellas.
The individual rotor coils are preferably fabricated with a cementing or binding lacquer or varnish causing the coils to be inherently shape-retaining, so that they may be mounted, as described below, in a self-supporting or cantilevered fashion. Where the aforementioned transitional portions of the constituent conductor cross the coils, such lacquer or varnish is absent. For example, the transitional portion 36 (FIG. 3) extending from coil B to coil C is not provided with such lacquer or varnish along segment 37; the same is true in similar fashion for the other coils. In assembled condition of the machine, the transitional portions of the rotor coils' constituent conductor are located beneath the collector, where they can be securely cemented.
FIG. 4 depicts on a greatly enlarged scale a preferred embodiment of the mechanical construction of such a machine, in this instance a drive motor for the capstan of a signal-recording device for video signals. This device comprises a carrier pipe 40 with a mounting flange 41. A motor shaft 43 is journalled in roller bearings in carrier pipe 40, only one roller bearing unit 42 being illustrated. A carrier member 44 made of a non-magnetic material, e.g. aluminum, is secured at a hub portion 45 to the motor shaft 43. Secured to the underside 46 of carrier member 44, e.g. by means of cement, are the radially inward portions of the rotor coils A-F, of which two are illustrated in FIG. 4 and denoted 47 and 48, the remaining portions of the rotor coils extending radially outward therefrom in cantilevered fashion. The carrier member 44 can for example having an external diameter of 4.4 cm, while the overall circular outer periphery of the set of six rotor coils may have a diameter of about 7.8 cm. In this way, the axial moment of inertia is determined for the most part only by the six rotor coils themselves. Accordingly, the axial moment of inertia (the so-called GD2) of such a rotor 50 is very small and, at the same time, the individual coils 47, 48 experience a very effective cooling action and thus can be safely subjected to high thermal loading.
The rotor coils 47, 48 freely extend radially outward, with their magnetically active segments projecting into a flat air gap 53 formed between a stator magnet ring 54 and an annular flux-return or yoke plate 55 made of iron. As shown in FIG. 1, the stator magnet ring 54 has eight poles and is axially magnetized. The yoke plate 55 is held in place, by magnetic attractive force, against the edge of the outer peripheral wall 56 of an annular channel-like stator housing 57. The stator housing 57 is a deep-drawn sheet-steel part and accommodates in its interior the magnet ring 54, which latter is cemented in place. Stator housing 57 is secured to mounting flange 41 at locations 58, 59 by any appropriate conventional means and, as shown in FIG. 4, has an inner peripheral wall 61 which is centered on the carrier pipe 40.
Secured to the bottom face of yoke plate 55 is a molded part 62 made of electrically insulating material. Insulating member 62 mounts the two brushes 30, 31, of which only brush 30 is (in part) visible in the sectional view of FIG. 4. The brush 30 is secured at the base portion thereof to a damping mass 63 which serves to attenuate mechanical oscillations of the elongated body of the brush. The collector 22 is secured on the hub portion 45 of the carrier member 44. The collector 22 comprises a hub member 65 made of electrically insulating material in which are embedded the radially inner portions of the collector lamellas 1-12. The construction and manner of production of the collector 22 and its embedding hub member 65 will be explained below in greater detail in conjunction with FIGS. 5-10.
In fabricating the collector 22, one commences with a sheet-metal blank 66 which has been stamped out to have the configuration depicted in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, at this stage of fabrication the twelve collector lamellas 1-12 are still all electrically interconnected with one another. The first cross-connecting means 26, however, is already present in the stamped blank of FIG. 8, and as shown electrically connects together the collector lamellas 2, 5, 8, 11 at the radially inner portions thereof; the first cross-connecting means 26 is already electrically separated from the other eight collector lamellas by virtue of arcuate cut-outs 67. The bent-up conductive tabs 4A, 8A, 12A schematically depicted in FIG. 2 are already present on the stamped-out blank of FIG. 8 in bent-up condition (as better seen in FIG. 9, described below). The tabs 4A, 8A, 12A are located radially outward of the circular zone swept over by the brushes 30, 31.
FIG. 9 is a section through the stamped-out blank 66 of FIG. 8, taken along line IX--IX. It is noted that in FIG. 9 the blank 66 is shown upside-down with respect to its depiction in FIG. 8; thus, in FIG. 8 tab 4A appears above tab 12A, whereas in FIG. 9 tab 12A appears above tab 4A. The orientation of the blank as depicted in FIG. 8 corresponds, however, with the orientation of the blank as viewed in FIG. 5 (yet to be described).
In the stamped-out blank 66 of FIG. 8, the second cross-connecting means 27 is present only in rudimentary form, to the extent of four arcuate cut-outs 68 located radially outward of the operative range of the brushes. In the circular zone in which the brushes will sweep across the collector lamellas 1-12, the collector lamellas are, in the stamped-out blank of FIG. 8, already separated one from the next by radial gaps 69. The radial lamella-separating gaps 69 extend radially outward past a circle 72 and, in the region of circle 72, have enlarged portions. The bent-up conductive tabs 4A, 8A, 12A are likewise located on the circle 72.
After fabrication of the collector blank 66 of FIGS. 8 and 9, the blank is embedded in a molded body of synthetic plastic material, preferably a polyamide, the molded body having the form shown in FIG. 10 and, in plan view, in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 10, such molded body has a central hub portion 65 which completely envelops the first cross-connecting means 26, completely fills the aforementioned arcuate cut-outs 67, and entirely envelops and embeds the radially inner portions of the collector lamellas 1-12. In the vicinity of circle 72 (cf. FIGS. 8, 10 and 5) the molded insulating member comprises a ring portion 75 which is located to both axial sides of the collector blank 67 and, in this vicinity, envelops the collector lamellas from both sides; the material of ring portion 75 passes through the enlarged portions of the radial gaps 69 (FIG. 8) at the region of circle 72, and likewise passes through the circular apertures located intermediate adjoining enlarged portions of the gaps 69. Spoke-like portions 76 extend integral from the radially inner hub portion 65 to the ring portion 75.
After the stamped-out collector blank 66 has been thusly embedded in insulating material, it is then subjected to a further stamping procedure, serving to complete the fabrication of the second cross-connecting means 27, such that the latter be electrically continuous only with the collector lamellas 1, 4, 7, 10. One example of the way in which this may be accomplsihed can be seen in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, further cut-outs 77, 78, 79 may be stamped out to extend the three associated radial gaps 69 out to the associated arcuate cut-out 68. This serves to electrically separate the two collector lamellas 11, 12 from the second cross-connecting means 27. Three further sets of such cut-outs 77, 78, 79 are likewise formed, to electrically separate the second cross-connecting means 27 from the two collector lamellas 2, 3, from the two collector lamellas 5, 6, and from the two collector lamellas 8, 9. When this further stamping-out procedure has been completed, the radially outward zone of the collector blank will now have the appearance shown in FIG. 5.
The first group of four collector lamellas 2, 5, 8, 11 are continuous only with the radially inward first cross-connecting means 26, and this first continuous area from the original blank is shown in FIG. 5 hatched in by tiny dots.
The second group of four collector lamellas 1, 4, 7, 10 are continuous only with the radially outward second cross-connecting means 27, and this second continuous area formed from the original blank is shown in FIG. 5 hatched in by short fleck-like straight lines.
The third group of four collector lamellas 3, 6, 9, 12 (not hatched in FIG. 5) are, at this stage of fabrication, discontinuous from one another and discontinuous from all the remainder of the original blank. The third cross-connecting means 28, which electrically connects these four lamellas together, is yet to be provided in a manner described below.
Before that, it is to be noted (FIG. 10) that the three bent-up conductive tabs 4A, 8A, 12A, already described, project axially out of the insulating ring portion 75 and are spaced angularly by 120� (FIG. 8). The three tabs 4A, 8A, 12A are employed as electrical contacts and electrically engage three electrical contacts of an annular anti-interference circuit module 82. The annular module 82 may for example be a cast or molded synthetic plastic body whose interior accommodates the three anti-interference capacitors 23, 24, 25 of FIG. 2. The insulating ring portion 75 is provided with three integral centering pins 83 which serve to center the annular circuit module 82. The three centering pins 83 are received in recesses in the axial end face of the annular housing of module 82, to positively define the position of the circuit module. However, the right end face (as viewed in FIG. 10) of the circuit module 82 axially bears only against the three bent-up contact tabs 4A, 8A, 12A, in order to establish a purely three-point support against the contact tabs; this assures that electrical engagement will be reliably established and maintained with the three contact tabs.
The annular circuit module 82 is axially pressed against the tabs 4A, 8A, 12A by means of a spring member 84 shown mounted in place in FIG. 4, and shown separately in FIGS. 6 and 7. Spring member 84 has a central annular portion 85 which encircles hub member 65 (FIG. 4). The central portion 85 bears axially against the anti-interference circuit module 82, pressing the latter against the conductive tabs. Extending radially outward from central portion 85 are four identical spoke-like spring arms 86, 87, 88, 89 of somewhat Z-shaped configuration. The free ends of these four spring arms are planar and extend approximately parallel to the plane of the central annular portion 85.
This spring member 84 is simultaneously employed as the third cross-connecting means 28. As shown in FIG. 5, the planar ends of the four spring arms 86, 87, 88, 89 are each permanently welded to a respective one of the four collector lamellas 3, 6, 9, 12 of the third collector lamella group, electrically interconnecting them. The welding location is as shown radially outward of the insulating ring portion 75.
As shown in FIG. 5, the connection points 32, 33, 34 for the rotor coil-pairs are respectively connected, e.g., by soldering, to the collector lamellas 1, 5, 9, radially outward of the insulating ring portion 75.
From the foregoing description, it will be appreciated that the collector arrangement depicted in FIG. 5 constitutes an extraordinarily compact structure whose fabrication can be performed with a remarkably low number of operations. The span of the coils is as illustrated preferably greater than 180 electrical degrees. Sector-shaped coils such as here illustrated are preferred, but circular coils could likewise be employed.
If it should be desired to replace the three cross-connecting means 26, 27, 28 by brushes, then in addition to brush 31 three further such brushes must be provided, respectively offset relative to it by 90�, by 180� and by 270� and all electrically connected to brush 31. Likewise, in addition to brush 30 three further brushes would be required, likewise offset relative to it by 90�, 180� and 270� and all electrically connected to brush 30.
Self-evidently, the collector 22 can have an angular position relative to the coils A-F other than the one illustrated, provided that the brushes 30, 31 are likewise shifted by such angle. The spacing d of FIG. 3 will then have a different magnitude, and could also be of zero magnitude.
The illustrated motor has a power consumption of 0.6 W and at 1500 rmp produces a torque of 0.2 Ncm (20 cmp), and is a miniature motor which supplies a torque of very good constancy with a very low axial moment of inertia.
FIG. 11 depicts, at a scale considerably greater than typical true scale, a second embodiment of the invention, here a drive motor for a signal-recording device for video signals. This device comprises a carrier pipe 140 with a radial mounting flange 141. A motor shaft 143 is journalled in roller bearings accommodated within the carrier pipe 140, only one roller bearing unit 142 being illustrated. A carrier member 144 of non-magnetic material, e.g. aluminum or a suitable synthetic plastic, is secured to the motor shaft 143 at an axial extension 145 of the carrier member 144. The rotor coils 147, 148 (cf. FIG. 16) are secured at their radially inward portions to a peripheral stepped face of the carrier member 144 by means of cement; e.g. as illustrated by means of a thin fabric layer 151 impregnated with epoxy resin. The carrier member 144 can have an outer diameter of e.g. 2.8 cm. whereas the circular arrangement of six rotor coils (cf. FIG. 16) has a general outer periphery having a diameter of 5.7 cm, i.e., the axial moment of inertia is determined substantially exclusively by the six rotor coils per se, so that the rotor 150 has a very small GD2 value, while at the same time the individual rotor coils 147, 148 experience very good cooling action and can be safely subjected to high thermal loading.
The coils 147, 148 extend with their magnetically active sections into a flat air gap 153 formed between an upper stator magnet ring 154 and a lower stator magnet ring 155. The two stator magnet rings 154, 155 are axially magnetized and each of eight poles. An annular flux-return or yoke plate 152 made of iron carries magnet ring 155 and is held, by magnetic holding force, against the rim of the outer peripheral wall 156 of a cup-like stator housing 157. Stator housing 157 is a deep-drawn sheet-steel part, and the upper magnet ring 154 it accomodates is cemented in place. The stator housing is secured by means of screws 158 to a flange 141 and, as illustrated, is at its radially inner rim 161 centered on the carrier pipe 140.
Secured to the bottom face of yoke plate 152 by means of screws 183 is a molded member 182 made of electrically insulating material and mounting two brushes, of which only the brush 130 is visible in FIG. 11. The screws 183 extend through apertures 184 in the molded insulating member 182. The apertures 184 are, if viewed axially of the motor, of elongated or arcuate extent, permitting angular shifting of the member 162 relative to the rotor axis of the motor, i.e., before tightening of screws 183; this makes it possible during assembly to establish an optimum position for the brushes 130 relative to the stator magnet rings 154, 155.
A collector 122 of planar geometry is mounted on the axial extension 145 of the carrier member 144. The collector 122 includes a hub member 165 made of electrically insulating material which securely embeds the radially inward ends of the collector's twelve collector lamellas. The collector 122 may be of the same construction, and fabricated in the same way, as already described with respect to FIGS. 5-10. Likewise, the eight-pole magnetization of the magnet rings 154, 155 may be the same as already described with reference to FIG. 1. Also, the arrangement of the rotor coils and their electrical connections to one another and to the collector lamellas may be the same as already described with regard to FIGS. 1-3. As shown in FIG. 16, the rotor coils may here be circular, and fabricated with cementing or binding varnish or lacquer, to impart to the coils shape-retaining properties permitting them to be mounted in cantilevered or self-supporting manner; of course, use could alternatively be made of one or more discrete coil carrier members, although the illustrated cantilevered mounting of the rotor coils is preferred.
Located above the collector 122 is an annular anti-interference circuit module 182 containing three capacitors, whose manner of connection is shown in FIG. 2 as is also the arrangement of collector brushes.
As furthermore shown in FIG. 11, the carrier member 144 has a maximum outer diameter which is smaller by only about 2 mm than the inner diameter of the magnet ring 155 which encircles it, so that the gap 160 between the lower magnet ring 155 and the outer periphery of the carrier member 144 amounts to only about 1-1.5 mm. So small a gap is important, in order that there be provided in the vicinity of the magnetically active sections of coils 147, 148 a magnetic field of the greatest possible homogeneity.
If now the connecting lines for the coils 147, 148 were to be led through this narrow gap 160, then during assembly or later repairs the connecting lines could easily become wedged in the gap, and thereby be badly damaged or destroyed. For this reason, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, the carrier member 144 is of non-circular configuration at its outer periphery. In particular, the carrier member 144 is of greatest radius at those locations where a coil 147 is to be secured; between such locations it is of somewhat reduced radius, so that at such locations the connecting lines 185 for the collector 122 can be fed through and fixed in place by means of cement, or the like, at a location such as indicated in FIG. 14 at 166.
At its inner periphery 167 the carrier member 144 encircles the carrier pipe 140, forming a long and very narrow gap 168, so that grease or oil from the bearings 142 cannot migrate through this narrow gap to the collector 122, and thus not interfere with proper operation of the collector. To this end, the carrier member 144 is provided at its upper face with a relatively long collar-like extension 169.
The lower axial extension 145 of carrier member 144 is, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, provided with two flattened portions 171, 172 which extend to the inner opening 173 provided for the shaft 143. Shaft 143 is likewise provided with two corresponding flattened portions, of which in FIG. 11 only the flattened portion 174 is visible. A molded part 175 (FIG. 13) has an internal opening 176 which is complementary to these flattened portions. As shown in FIG. 11, molded part 175 is fitted onto the axial extension 145 and connects the latter with the shaft 143 for joint rotation therewith. Two dish springs 177 are provided, one bearing against a nut 178 screwed onto the lower end of shaft 143, the other bearing on the axial extension 145; the dish springs accordingly press the carrier member 144 upwards against a shoulder 179 on the shaft 143, establishing a definite axial position for the carrier member 144. This same construction is employed in the case of the third embodiment, yet to be described.
FIGS. 15 and 16 depict the carrier member 144 when the collector 122 and the six rotor coils are in assembled and mounted condition. The scale of the illustration is here likewise slightly larger than typical true scale. One can appreciate the very compact construction of the rotor 150 and its small axial moment of inertia, which makes possible very quick start-up of the motor in response to energization.
At an operating voltage of 10 V, the illustrated motor has a current consumption of 55 mA at 1500 rpm and rated load (i.e., the load presented by the driven capstan). The type of motor here involved is a miniature motor exhibiting good efficiency, achieved with very compact construction. Tests have shown that such motors can be expected to have a very long service life.
FIGS. 17-23 depict a third embodiment of a D.C. machine according to the invention, here in the form of a miniature motor 200 which, as shown has an axial thickness of about 8 mm and a diameter of about 40 mm, and is thus extremely compact. This motor has a current consumption of about 180 mA at a D.C. voltage of 10 V at rated power, and at 1500 rpm produces a torque of about 0.2 Ncm (starting torque 0.95 Ncm). Because of its extremely small dimensions, the motor 200 is illustrated at a considerably enlarged scale, especially in FIGS. 19-23. To facilitate appreciation of the correspondence between the scale of those Figures and that of FIGS. 17 and 18, a "1 cm" scale indication is provided for all those Figures. Motor 200 serves for example as the drive motor for a video-signal signal-recording device. A carrier structure 239 has a longitudinal bore 240 in which are mounted two roller bearings 241, 242 for a motor shaft 243. Mounted on the shaft 243, by means of a synthetic plastic hub member 245 (FIG. 19) is a carrier member 244 which simultaneously serves for the motor's collector. Carrier member 244 is made of a glass-fiber-reinforced synthetic plastic, e.g. an epoxy-resin, hard-as-glass web, having a thickness of 1.5 mm and laminated on both axial end faces with a thin copper layer of e.g. 17.5 microns, the collector lamellas and the various requisite conductor paths being formed by etching away the portions of the copper layer not required, in a manner described below. On the upper face 246 of the carrier member 244, the individual rotor coils 247, 248 (cf. FIG. 23) are directly secured, at their radially inward portions, by means of cement, e.g. by means of an epoxy resin. In this third embodiment the rotor coils have, as shown, a diameter of about 13 mm and a thickness of about 2.5 mm. The axial moment of inertia of the rotor is determined substantially exclusively by the rotor coils themselves.
The rotor coils 247, 248 are provided with a cementing or binding varnish or lacquer imparting shape-retaining properties, and they project radially outward in cantilevered fashion into a flat air gap 253. Air gap 253 is formed by the upper face of a set of eight round permanent magnets 254 of tablet-like shape (having e.g. a diameter of about 6 mm) and, as shown in FIG. 18, these magnets 254 are mounted on an annular yoke plate 255 at equal distances from the rotor axis and at equiangular intervals. The permanent magnets 254 are axially magnetized and have at the sides thereof facing the air gap 253 alternately north and south poles (FIG. 18), forming an eight-pole stator magnet arrangement. The magnets 254 are advantageously samarium-cobalt magnets of high energy density. This makes it possible to dispense with the upper magnet ring 154 employed in the second embodiment, thereby to decrease the axial length of the motor.
Arranged on the yoke plate 255 are two brushes. Their insulated brush holders 256 are, in space-saving manner, each arranged in a respective interspace between two adjoining permanent magnets 254, the two brush holders 256 being angularly spaced by 135� from each other. The brush holders 256 have a shape mating with the outer peripheries of the permanent magnets 254, as shown in FIG. 18. The brush springs per se are angled members: Projecting out from each brush holder 256 is a radial spring portion 257 from which at an angle of about 158� there extends a further portion forming the actual brush 258. The brushes 258 are, as illustrated, longitudinally divided and extend tangential to the aperture 260 on the yoke plate 255. The actual contact locations of the brushes 258, indicated in FIG. 18 by radially extending dash-dot lines at the brush ends, are, in the case of one brush, lined up with a south-pole magnet 254, and in the case of the other brush lined up with a north-pole magnet 254, these two contact locations being spaced by an angular interval of 135�; reference is made to the discussion of angle α in connection with FIG. 2. Yoke plate 255 is provided at its outer rim 255 with centering projections 259, of which one can be seen in sectional view in FIG. 17. Yoke plate 255 has a central aperture 260 through which the free end of shaft 243 projects. This end of shaft 243 is provided with an external thread, onto which is screwed a nut 263. Nut 263, through the intermediary of two dish springs 264, presses the hub member 245 upwardly. Hub member 245 has a flattened portion 265 (FIG. 19) which engages with a corresponding flattened portion 266 of shaft 243 (FIG. 17) to prevent hub member 245 from turning relative to the latter.
A pan-like stator housing 271 is secured by means of screws 270 to the carrier structure 239. The stator housing 271 is made of magnetically conductive material and serves as part of the motor's magnetic-flux circuit. The flat base of the stator housing 271 has a central aperture which is centered on an axial projection 272 of the carrier structure 239. The bottom rim of the peripheral wall of stator housing 271 mounts the yoke plate 255, which latter is held against such rim by the force of magnetic attraction, the marginal projections 259 of yoke plate 255 serving to center the latter with respect to the rim of stator housing 271.
The air gap 253 is accordingly formed between the permanent magnets 254 on the one hand and on the other hand the flat base of the pan-like stator housing 271. The brushes 258 are each provided with a lead 273 which exits the motor downwardly from out the yoke plate 255.
FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate the fabrication of the collector on the lower axial face 230 of the carrier member 244. As shown in FIG. 21, twelve collector lamellas 201-212 are formed by etching away those portions of a copper coating not needed therefor, the copper coating being provided on a plate 244', plate 244' later being cut to form carrier member 244. In similar fashion there is formed a radially outer cross-connecting means 228 which electrically connects together the four collector lamellas 203, 206, 209, 212, in correspondence to cross-connecting means 28 of FIG. 2. Likewise, by removing the portions of the copper coating not needed, there is formed a radially inner cross-connecting means 226 which electrically connects together the four collector lamellas 202, 205, 208, 211, in correspondence to cross-connecting means 26 of FIG. 2. Lastly, on the reverse face of the plate 244', corresponding to the bottom face 230 of carrier member 244, there is formed as shown in FIG. 20 yet another such cross-connecting means 227 which electrically connects together the collector lamellas 201, 204, 207, 210, corresponding to the cross-connecting means 27 of FIG. 2. Also, as shown in FIG. 21, for purposes of fabrication, there is additionally formed a conductive path 229 connecting together the collector lamellas 210, 211 and 212, and located radially outward of the cross-connecting means 228.
The plate 244' is furthermore provided with six through-conductive circuit holes 231-236 which electrically connect together conductive regions located on opposite faces of the plate 244'. The mechanical apertures of the circuit holes are provided on their inner peripheral walls with a layer of deposited copper, which is continuous with the copper layer surrounding each circuit hole at both faces of the plate 244'. Circuit hole 231 electrically connects lamella 207 with the cross-connecting conductor path 227 and with a soldering land 214 to which the rotor winding 247, 248 will be connected. Circuit hole 232 electrically connects collector lamella 204 with the cross-connecting conductor path 227. Circuit hole 233 electrically connects collector lamella 203 as well as the cross-connecting conductor path 228 to a soldering land 215 to which the rotor winding 247, 248 is to be connected. Circuit hole 234 electrically connects collector lamella 201 to the cross-connecting conductor path 227. Circuit hole 235 electrically connects collector lamella 211 and the cross-connecting conductor path 226 to the soldering land 216 to which the rotor winding 247, 248 is to be connected. Circuit hole 236 electrically connects collector lamella 210 to the cross-connecting conductor path 227.
After production of the circuit holes 231-236 and the electrical through-conductive connections, which conductively connect together the conductive zones surrounding each circuit hole at the two opposite faces of plate 244', i.e., in the state shown in FIG. 21, all conductor paths and lamellas on both faces of the plate 244' are thus now electrically interconnected as required in the final assembly. With the collector plate 244' in this state, firstly the thickness of these metallic components is approximately tripled by galvanic deposition of copper. Then a thin layer of nickel is galvanically deposited atop the copper layer, especially on that side 230 of the plate 244' where the brushes 257, 258 are situated. Thereafter, on that side is galvanically deposited atop the nickel layer a hard gold coating, having a thickness of a few microns, and forming the surface of the collector upon which the brushes actually ride. Finally, the carrier member 244 (see FIG. 22) is stamped out from the preliminary plate 244' and provided with a central aperture 276, into which the hub member 245 (see FIG. 20) is then provided, e.g. by an injection-molding process. As a consequence of such stamping out of the final carrier member 244, the conductor path 229, needed for the aforementioned galvanic deposition steps, is removed, and the three cross-connecting conductor paths 226, 227, 228 become electrically discontinuous from one another.
FIG. 23 depicts the carrier member 244 with six rotor coils secured at its upper face 246. These coils, denoted 247 and 248 in FIG. 17, are in FIG. 23 denoted A'-E' in correspondence to the description of FIGS. 1 and 3. Starting clockwise from the 1-o'clock position in FIG. 23, the sequence of rotor coils is E', D', A', F', C', B'. These circular coils A'-E' are, in exactly the same way as in FIG. 3, constituted by a single, uninterrupted conductor and provided with similar connection points for connection to collector lamella groups. The connections between individual coils are expressly depicted in FIG. 23, as is the winding sense of the coils.
The coils A' and B' are connected in series with each other between the soldering lands 216 and 214, i.e., between the cross-connecting conductor paths 226 and 227.
The coils C' and D' are connected in series with each other between the soldering lands 216 and 215, i.e., between the cross-connecting conductor paths 226 and 228.
The coils E' and F' are connected in series with each other between the soldering lands 215 and 214, i.e. between the cross-connecting conductor paths 228 and 227.
Further provided is a capacitor module 280 accommodating three delta-connected capacitors which serve to suppress interference effects. Module 280 is electrically insulating at its underface, at which face it is secured to the carrier member 244, e.g., by cementing. The upper face of module 280 is provided with three soldering lands, to which, as illustrated, the three connecting points from the three delta-connected coil-pairs A'-B', C'-D', E'-F' are respectively soldered. For example, the connection point 281 between the coils B' and C' extends out to the soldering land 216, is soldered to it, and from there extends to the top one of the three soldering lands on the upper face of capacitor module 280, being soldered to the top land. The two other connection points are analogously connected, and their connections expressly shown in FIG. 23. The circuit depiction of the connection of the three capacitors to the rotor coils and the collector lamellas is the same as in FIG. 2.
The motor of this third embodiment constitutes a particularly small variant of the invention, especially suitable for use in battery-powered video recorders, for which application low motor weight is of special importance. Self-evidently, however, the motor of the third embodiment is not limited to such application, nor to the stated dimensions, voltages, etc. In comparison to the motor of the first embodiment, that of the third embodiment has a somewhat inferior efficiency; however, its dimensions are a fraction of those of the motor of the first embodiment and its power about the same. It will be apparent that the form of construction exhibited by the third embodiment is equally applicable to motors where the number of rotor coils, stator poles and/or collector lamellas differs from those illustrated, merely for example as shown in Federal Republic of Germany Offenlegungsschrift No. DE-OS 32 17 283, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. Thus, the structural features exhibited in this third disclosed embodiment of the present invention are to be considered of inventive significance per se.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions and fabrication procedures differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in flat-air-gap motors having stated numbers of stator poles, rotor coils and collector lamellas, as well as procedures for their fabrication, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1859
|LIGHTE a BRADBURYS
|Nov 27, 1860
|Machine fob
|Aug 28, 1967
|Dec 30, 1969
|Ambac Ind
|Electric machine
|Apr 7, 1971
|Aug 22, 1972
|Kollmorgen Corp
|Magnetic motors
|Feb 10, 1977
|Apr 4, 1978
|Nihon Radiator Co., Ltd. (Nihon Rajieeta Kabushiki Kaisha)
|Printed motor
|Jul 14, 1975
|Jun 6, 1978
|Olympus Optical Company Limited
|Coreless motor
|Sep 17, 1975
|Aug 15, 1978
|Itsuki Ban
|Three-phase DC motor having non-superimposed armature coils
|Jul 18, 1977
|Feb 12, 1980
|Acr Electronics, Inc.
|Electro-mechanical machine
|Aug 14, 1979
|Jun 22, 1982
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Slotless brushless motor
|Feb 23, 1981
|Jan 18, 1983
|Itsuki Ban
|Direct current motor with non-superposed armature windings
|Title not available
|Apr 5, 1957
|Apr 9, 1959
|Licentia Gmbh
|Elektrischer Kleinstmotor
|Mar 8, 1972
|Sep 14, 1972
|Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
|Title not available
|Aug 5, 1976
|Feb 10, 1977
|Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
|Permanent magnet stator coreless motor - has rotor of thin coils with (in) effective parts outside stator magnetic field
|Nov 4, 1976
|May 18, 1977
|Philips Nv
|Dec 9, 1978
|Jun 28, 1979
|Secoh Giken Kk
|Dec 9, 1978
|Jul 26, 1979
|Secoh Giken Kk
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Feb 8, 1980
|Oct 2, 1980
|Rush D
|Electromechanical machine
|Feb 5, 1982
|Aug 19, 1982
|James H Hahn
|Brushless disc-type dc motor or generator
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 10, 1985
|Dec 30, 1986
|Buehler Products, Inc.
|Brushless DC motor
|Aug 26, 1985
|Jun 30, 1987
|Asgalium Sa
|Electric motor having auxiliary portions distributed at a pitch which is an odd number sub-multiple of the pitch of active portions
|Dec 2, 1985
|Oct 20, 1987
|Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co Kg
|D.C. machine, with mechanical and electrical connections among collector segments
|Sep 11, 1986
|Feb 9, 1988
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Permanent magnet-excited external rotor motor
|Nov 2, 1987
|Jun 20, 1989
|Seagate Technology, Inc.
|Spindle motor for a disc drive
|Nov 16, 1988
|Jan 1, 1991
|Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co. K.G.
|Electric motor with a stator and a rotor made from laminated layers of plates
|Apr 8, 1992
|Mar 1, 1994
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|DC commutatorless motor
|Sep 13, 1995
|Aug 11, 1998
|Shicoh Engineering Co., Ltd.
|Flat vibration generating apparatus
|Jul 31, 1995
|Aug 25, 1998
|Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.
|DC motor and controlling system therefor
|Dec 10, 2003
|Jul 4, 2006
|Covi Technologies
|Electromagnetic circuit and servo mechanism for articulated cameras
|Oct 2, 2006
|Jan 27, 2009
|Tyco Electronics Corporation
|Rotary joint
|Dec 10, 2003
|Sep 2, 2004
|Washington Richard G.
|Slip ring apparatus
|Dec 10, 2003
|Sep 30, 2004
|Hovanky Thao D.
|Electromagnetic circuit and servo mechanism for articulated cameras
|Oct 2, 2006
|Apr 3, 2008
|Tyco Electronics Corporation
|Rotary joint
|Jul 23, 2009
|Milton Chin
|Rapid Chilling Device for Vitrification
|Apr 12, 2001
|Jan 29, 2003
|Subaru Co., Ltd.
|Flat type vibrating motor
|Sep 26, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|Tyco Electronics Corporation
|Rotary joint
|Sep 26, 2007
|Jun 19, 2008
|Tyco Electronics Corp
|Rotary joint
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 10, 1983
Owner name: PAPST MOTOREN GMBH & CO KG KARL MAIER STR. 1 D-774
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SCHMIDER, FRITZ;REEL/FRAME:004164/0840
Effective date: 19830806
|Aug 4, 1989
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 10, 1993
Owner name: PAPST LICENSING GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PAPST-MOTOREN GMBH & CO KG;REEL/FRAME:006573/0174
Effective date: 19930526
|Sep 7, 1993
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 15, 1993
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 19, 1994
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19930206
|Aug 11, 1994
|Surcharge for late payment
|Aug 11, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 25, 1994
|Notification of acceptance of delayed payment of maintenance fee
|May 14, 1999
Owner name: PAPST LICENSING GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY
Free format text: LEGAL ORGANIZATION CHANGE;ASSIGNOR:PAPST LICENSING GMBH;REEL/FRAME:009922/0250
Effective date: 19981103


text:
Amajor limitation of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues (NA) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy is the selection of HBV resistance variants, which can lead to a rebound in HBV replication and exacerbation of HBV-related disease. HBV polymerase gene variants that mediate HBV resistance are known to confer cross-resistance to other NAs. Today, increasing numbers of patients have experienced NA treatment failure, mostly to lamivudine (LAM) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), which poses a growing problem for antiviral treatment. Add-on combination therapy with ADV plus LAM was shown to be effective in these patients but only when initiated during the early stages of resistance development.1
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was licensed in 2008 for the treatment of HBV infections in Europe and the United States. It has shown antiviral efficacy against a broad spectrum of viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and HBV infections, and has a decade of use in HIV-1 patients.2 From 2002 onwards, TDF efficacy in HBV therapy was demonstrated in small studies in which the majority of patients had HIV-1 coinfection and in some patients receiving combination therapy with LAM.3–10 TDF is molecularly similar to ADV but can be administered at higher doses due to its more favorable safety and tolerability profile. Most recently, its strong and lasting antiviral effect was confirmed by two randomized trials in mostly treatment-naïve HBV monoinfected, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative patients.11 In HIV-1 and HBV infection, TDF has a favorable safety and tolerability profile.12
However, the potential of TDF to treat patients with NA treatment failure has not yet been systematically studied.5–11In vitro, TDF exerts antiviral efficacy against variants conferring LAM resistance, but possesses some degree of cross-resistance to ADV.13, 14 This retrospective cohort study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of TDF monotherapy in treatment-experienced, HBV monoinfected patients with prior LAM and/or ADV failure.


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8 reviews | 3.5 out of 5
unless your 13 or under. This is a horror movie that is meant to scare preteens, and if that category includes you, then you'll probably find this film scary and exciting. That is why the one in the theater got a PG-13 rating. If your an older movie watcher, then this film probably won't do it for you. I bought the unrated hoping it would make it a little more entertaining, and add some gore but I was very wrong. It follows the slasher stereotypes by the book, but makes them a whole lot less entertaining. You never see any gore, the death scenes come and go without seeing anything really happen, the acting is medicore at best, it is better than bad B-Horror movie acting though, and the story is nothing that will stick with you overtime. It doesn't really thrill you, or scare you, it just keeps you wanting something exciting to happen. The killer is also pathetic, with a pretty lame reasoning for killing everyone, and more laughable than scary. So yes, if you are between the ages of 10-13, this is a great movie to watch during a sleepover or with a group of people, but if you are over that age, it will leave you pretty unsatisfied and bored.
I thought this movie was a great movie, then it got to the end, the end was horrible, and so boreing. I would never watch this movie again, I bought it for 20 bucks and sold it for 2 bucks and was happy that i got even that! Dont buy this movie, trust me!!!
Do not listen to any of the reviews if they said this movie was dumb. I know horror movies and thrillers. This wasn't scary at all but it was a great thriller. I would really recomend this movie to any true thriller lovers!!! I promise you will like it!!!
I saw Prom Night with Brittany Snow at the movies. I have Prom Night the Theatrical Version and The Unrated Version on DVD with Brittany Snow. In Prom Night I liked Donna Keppel and Mr. Fenton
I was let down by this movie. It was a true rotter.
It was full of bad acting, and to predictable you already knew what was before it happened.
This movie surprised me. I thought it was going to be a disaster, but it was quite good. I reccomend it for a good teen scream thrill!
This movie is sooo good!!!! I LOVE IT!! Its pretty scary and great story line!! I RECOOMMEND THIS TOO EVERYONE!


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A Spencer Funeral Home Niagara Cozy Mystery, #1
A Spencer Funeral Home Niagara Cozy Mystery (Book 1)Funeral homes are supposed to be quiet...Jennifer Spencer inherits her uncle's funeral home. Her move to the Niagara Region into the apartment above the Home went well, but in the first week alone, someone breaks into the funeral home. Then, Jennifer finds cash in a casket, a lot of cash. Certain it has something to do with the break-in, she's unable to convince the police and winds up on their
The Making of a Funeral DirectorWhat does a funeral director do with their day? Why would anyone want to go into funeral service? Find out in this entertaining memoir of a funeral director who loved her job. A portion of the proceeds of the sale of this book will go to Your Life Counts - http://www.yourlifecounts.org
Feminist Perspectives on Tort LawFeminist Perspectives on Tort Law offers a distinctly feminist approach to key topics in tort law. Ten original essays written by feminist legal scholars from the UK, US, Canada and Australia encompass a range of ways of thinking about women, tort law and feminism. The collection provides a fresh and original analysis of issues of long-standing concern to feminists as well as nascent areas of
The Classic Social Contractarians
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The Classic Social Contractarians
Critical Perspectives from Contemporary Feminist Philosophy and LawHow can we live together without subordination and oppression? What does it mean to treat each other as free and equal persons? This book uses contemporary feminist insights to examine aspects of the classic social contractarians' arguments, focusing specifically upon the work of Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, Rousseau and Kant. Considering the relationship between the 'self' and the law, this volume
$39.59Foucault's Law is the first book in almost fifteen years to address the question of Foucault's position on law. Many readings of Foucault's conception of law start from the proposition that he failed to consider the role of law in modernity, or indeed that he deliberately marginalized it. In canvassing a wealth of primary and secondary sources, Ben Golder and Peter Fitzpatrick rebut this argument.
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$28.49Rethinking questions of identity, social agency and national affiliation, Bhabha provides a working, if controversial, theory of cultural hybridity - one that goes far beyond previous attempts by others. In The Location of Culture, he uses concepts such as mimicry, interstice, hybridity, and liminality to argue that cultural production is always most productive where it is most ambivalent.
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Routledge Studies in Social and Political ThoughtDrawing on the work of Gadamer, the book demonstrates that a sociology which focuses on social relations does not imply a return to idealism, nor a retreat into individualism, nor a rejection of critique. Rather, a hermeneutic sociology which prioritises human social relations is the only coherent paradigm which is available today. The author argues that sociologists studying the dramatic social
Critical Dialogues in Cultural StudiesStuart Hall's work has been central to the formation and development of cultural studies as an international discipline. Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies is an invaluable collection of writings by and about Stuart Hall. The book provides a representative selection of Hall's enormously influential writings on cultural studies and its concerns: the relationship with Marxism;


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Ole Gunnar Solskjaer has had a very successful start to his managerial career at United, leading our Reserves to be crowned English champions this season, as well as winning a couple of Manchester Senior Cups and the Lancashire Senior Cup.
However, our former player has conceded that he can't stay at the Reserves forever, and may have to return to Norway for work at some stage if nothing comes up at United.
"I will await what the manager does and then we'll see," Solskjaer said. "I am very happy in Manchester, but will not train the reserves forever. A future coaching career in Norway is something I certainly cannot rule out."
The RoM 2016-17 Season Preview is available for just £5. It includes an EXCLUSIVE interview with Mikael Silvestre, a Q&A with the country's top journalists about our transfer targets, articles by brilliant United writers, and so much more. All profit goes to Trafford Macmillan so please support this fantastic cause.


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Basic Tahini Sauce
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 0 mins
I learned this while living in Jordan. The family I stayed with introduced me to fried cauliflower, and this was the sauce they used over the top.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2-3 garlic cloves
- salt
- 118.29 ml tahini paste (be sure to stir first if it's the type that separates)
- 59.14-118.29 ml cold water
- 2 to 3 lemons, juice of
- Crush the garlic in a mortar and pestle (or other if you have something you prefer that will crush it effectively into a pulp).
- Add little bit of each the tahini, lemon juice and water alternating as you go, and stir to blend well, until it's all mixed inches.
- It should resemble a slightly thick sauce that can be poured but not over thin to be runny.
- Season with salt to taste.
- Use with any vegetable you like.
- It's traditionally used over fried cauliflower, or zucchini.
- Some like dipping flat bread in it, and others I've seen use it as a base for another recipe, such as hummus.
- If desired, you can add more lemon if you like it tart, or more garlic if you really like garlic as I do.
- Most families have their own mix, so it's up to you.
Most Helpful
we used this as a condiment to go with falafel, but i suppose this is somewhat of an acquired taste. this is not quite the sauce that adorns the roadside falafels i love, but it was still pretty good.
This is the way I make by tehina, right down to crushing the garlic in a mortar and pestle. I use tehina as a salad dressing, and also love mixing it with eggs for a fantastic take on Middle Eastern egg salad. A good way to get creamy mixed tehina is to mix it in the Tupperware shaker.
Perfect tahini sauce! I served it with falafel. What more can be said? YUM!


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Dolce & Gabbana
See it »
Proenza Schouler, Christian Louboutin, and Kenzo.
It's another sunny, beautiful day at New York Fashion Week, and Eva Chen's fourth style diary is here! "I knew today is going to be warm and gorgeous, and I just wanted to wear color," explained Chen outside the Derek Lam show in Chelsea this morning. Read on for her full head-to-toe description.
Sunglasses: Prada Spring 2012. "I loved this collection. I'm still trying to hunt down a pair of those shoes with the car-taillight detailing, so I've got an Ebay alert currently set for that."
Dress: Proenza Schouler. "I have about five designers who, if I had to choose, could comprise my entire closet. Proenza is one of them. I think the color is really refreshing, and I was inspired by Altuzarra's very aggressive use of big slits, so I like that there's a big slit in the front. I bought it as part of my panic shopping spree last weekend, at the Desert Hills Outlet in Palm Springs, which is basically a shopping mecca. After going to Palm Springs on vacation at least three times a year for almost a decade, I know a lot of the salespeople there, so they will literally hold things for me, and ship them to me, and they have a list of my favorite designers. Like most women, I love a designer item, but I like to shop smart."
Shoes: Louboutin. "The Pigalle pump. They're snakeskin, and I like the shade of blue."
Bag: Kenzo. "I bought it in Paris last season. It's the perfect little bag because it fits exactly what you need."BEGIN SLIDESHOW
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When she bought one of their cuffs, they donated the proceeds to the Clinton campaign.