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«Oh, what a wonderful work of the human spirit this great invention is! It makes one feel as powerful as some ancient magician!» wrote Hans Christian Andersen on the invention of the railway. The presence of a railway over the mountains is indeed a work of magic, It climbs several hundred metres, plunges into dark and sinuous tunnels, rattles over towering viaducts and runs through a fairytale landscape of wild romance.
Like the magic of times gone by. A wonder of technology. That's the Albula Line. This is where primeval nature, centuries of civilised culture and the pinnacle of the engineer's art all come together. And yet: what could be more magical than standing on the engine footplate as tons of engineered metal make light work of the mountain slopes? The tracks shine promisingly in the sun. They tempt you to venture onto the mountain. That's railway fever for you! Childhood dreams come true as the urge to wander is fulfilled.
All this can be yours, with a footplate ride on the Albula Line. This book will give you a taster of what it's really like. It tells you all about the towering height of the viaducts, the length of the tunnels and the uniqueness of the surrounding landscape. The book is also designed to act as a guide during your trip. A trip like no other, as it gives you a privileged view of where the train is going. The raw experience of the landscape, converted into high enjoyment. The Rhaetian Railway wishes you a pleasant and interesting trip.
This was the message issued to mark the arrival of the very first train in Chur on June 30th 1858. The train, which had left St. Gallen at seven o'clock that morning, rolled into Chur at noon to be received with great celebrations and a salute of roaring cannon, although the welcoming speech was actually delivered some distance away, at the town hall in the Old Town. The train had in fact not entered Chur, but had stopped in an open field just short of the town. It was not until the twentieth century, with the expansion of the town, that the railway station would become part of the urban landscape.
It was some time before rail journeys could continue southwards from Chur and over the Alps. The section of the Albula line that runs to St. Moritz was opened in 1904, and the year 1910 saw the completion of the Bernina line. One reason for this long wait was the inauguration in 1882 of the Gotthard Railway, which messed up somewhat the transport policies of the Grisons / Graubünden.
The history of railways in this Swiss canton therefore did not really begin in full until 1889, with the opening of the line from Landquart to Klosters. The next quarter-century was to see the completion of almost the entire 400-kilometer rail network of the Grisons / Graubünden, including – from 1896 onwards – the metre-gauge line that runs from Landquart to Thusis via Chur. The line that has run to Domat/Ems since 1959/1960 also includes a third rail for the use of the Eurobalise data-transfer system. The standard-gauge locomotives run on this section are operated by the Rhaetian Railway at 11 kV 16 2/3 Hz (SBB 15 kV 16 2/3 Hz). Another throwback to when the railway first arrived in Grisons / Graubünden is the double-winged station building dating from 1878, now joined to the station buffet, which was built in 1907. The interior is decorated with scenes of Switzerland painted in art nouveau style, reflecting the novel "travel fever" of the time. As a symbol of the urge to travel, the station was fitted with a sweeping glass roof in 1994 to allow covered access to the waiting post buses, further accenting its role as the Gateway to the Grisons / Graubünden.
Km 23.6 | 604 metres above sea level > Reichenau-Tamins railway station
10. April 1897: The Swiss canton of the Grisons / Graubünden buys 5000 shares in the Rhaetian Railway, making it the railway's main shareholder. The government still has to obtain the people's approval however, and asks them to vote on the matter. The canton then holds a referendum to decide on the construction of a proper railway network.
The station at Reichenau still marks an important moment in the history of railways in the Grisons / Graubünden. The expansion of the railway network initially involved the construction of the Albula Line from Thusis and into the Engadin region, along with the section through the Rheinschlucht Gorge to Ilanz (completed in 1903). Reichenau still marks the point where these two lines diverge,
and the station itself stands as a monument to these pioneering days of railway building. The stations along the way from Landquart to Thusis have been modernised and extended over the years, but they still preserve the atmosphere of the old stations of Prättigau, which date back to the 1890s and the first line in the interior of the canton, from Landquart to Davos.
But the Albula and Bernina Lines are the beating heart of the Rhaetian Railway. The northern-most point of departure, Thusis, was connected by rail to Landquart via Chur, Reichenau and the valleys of Domleschg/Heinzenberg. Once the line to Thusis was opened, the rails ran over the Rhine Bridge at Reichenau, the largest riveted-steel bridge in the Grisons / Graubünden, overlooked by the towering presence of Reichenau castle and with the confluence of the Upper and Lower Rhine far below.
Km 41.3 | 697 metres above sea level > Thusis railway station
Terminal of the section of line, opened in 1896, that runs from Landquart via Chur. Point of departure for the section of the Albula Line that has run from Thusis to St. Moritz since 1904. This is Thusis station.
The building is now thoroughly modern in appearance, and not at all like a structure from the early days of Swiss railways. This is because the station was completely rebuilt between 1990 and 1993.
The current site of the station was subject to much discussion in its day, as were many other items concerning the town of Thusis and the chosen route of the railway. Given the route followed by the line, the railway company wanted to site the station at the foot of the Alps, while the local council preferred to have a railway station nearer town, i.e. on the actual mountainside. The current location of the station resulted from a compromise reached in 1896. The station began life as a half-timbered building, but was replaced in 1924 with a more imposing hip-roofed structure. The geographical feature that has always characterised the site of the station remains unchanged however, in the shape of the Viamala Gorge that provides its backdrop. A concrete bridge just before the gorge carries the Rhaetian Railway across the Hinterrhein, a tributary of the Rhine. The only steel bridge across the river, which had come to be the last of its type, had to be removed to make way for an autobahn, and the pre-stressed concrete bridge built in its place now carries a double stretch of line.
Km 44.1 | 737 metres above sea level > Sils power plant in Domleschg
The Albula railway was once home to puffing steam locomotives, but positive experiences on other stretches of line and the shortage of coal brought on by the First World War led, in 1919, to the Albula Line being electrified – thus giving rise to the expansion of the Thusis power plant at the entrance to Viamala.
Sils i.D., the district neighbouring on to Thusis, was already being supplied with power by the municipal electricity works of the city of the Zurich. The years 1907 to 1910 saw the damming of the River Albula below Tiefencastel, to take the water via conduits to the great machine hall of the power station at Sils i.D. The power station was built to a design created by the renowned Zurich architect Gustav Gull, and was soon to be the neighbour of a residential zone designed by Nicolaus Hartmann. Sils i.D. thus managed to attract two important architects at the same time: Gustav Gull, responsible for building the Zurich regional Landesmuseum, and Nicolaus Hartmann, who came to be known, thanks to such structures as the main administration building of the Rhaetian Railway, as an important representative of the architectural style, peculiar to the Grisons / Graubünden region, that is known as Bündner Heimatstil.
And there is more to the story of electrical power in Sils i.D. In 1986, the Zurich utility company completed the task of building the 61-metre-high curved dam at Solis, as part of an effort to use more efficiently the waters of the Albula in the Schinschlucht Gorge downstream of Sils i.D. All Grisons/Graubünden power plants belonging to the Zurich utility company were meanwhile now being run by remote control from Sils i.D.
Sils is also served by the Hinterrhein power plants, which no longer make direct use, in the old Thusis plant, of the power generated by the river, but instead transfer it on to Sils i.D. The giant generating plants at Sils i.D., which are operated by various companies, have come to form a key part of Switzerland's power grid. The Rhaetian Railway is supplied from a separate generating turbine however, as it requires power at a different frequency to that of the main grid (16 2/3 Hz, instead of the more normal 50 Hz).
The Rhaetian Railway has thus been able to run without having to build its own power plants, unlike such operations as the Swiss Federal Railways. In fact, the connection between hydroelectric power and railway electrification existed in the Grisons / Graubünden from a very early stage.
Km 44.1 | 737 metres above sea level > Schinschlucht Gorge
The original passes over the Alps started off, at the northern end, from two mountain gorges: the Viamala Gorge, which leads off towards the Splügen Pass and San Bernardino; and the Schin Gorge, which provides access to the Julier and Septimer passes.
The course followed by the path in both gorges has changed over the years, starting in both Schin and Viamala from a precipitous north-eastern route. The road built in 1823 lies in lower Viamala, but on the opposite side of the gorge, and its counterpart in Schin, built in 1869, likewise changed sides. These paths may have been called roads, but they were not what we nowadays understand by the term – indeed motor traffic was largely prohibited in the Grisons / Graubünden until 1925. The Rhaetian Railway has however been running through Schin ever since 1903.
Km 44.2 | 739 metres above sea level > Burgruine Campi
Castle and railway as a single entity: Ever since the thirteenth century, the northern entrance to the Schinschlucht Gorge has been guarded by the castle of Burg Campi. The building, which started out as a single tower, grew over time until, early in the twentieth century, the railway was laid just below the castle walls.
Just as the ruins of Campi are an example of a castle that once served more than just a military purpose, their combination with the Albula railway has helped create a cultural symbol of the region's historic continuity; a history brought closer to us by the structures from the various centuries that correspond to it.
Km 47.8 | 747 metres above sea level > Lochtobel Viaduct
Geologically problematic: Such is Schin, the gorge which, at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the railway was to built, required structures that could withstand landslides. This is why the central pillars of the Lochtobel Viaduct were driven in to a depth of 16 metres below ground. And why they are still standing now. In the middle lies the slate gorge, through which the Albula river flows.
Km 48.2 | 750 metres above sea level > Muttnertobel Viaduct
Twelve tunnels run through the Schinschlucht Gorge, with more than four kilometres under this mountain. Elsewhere, the railway appears to float above the abyss, as in places such as the Muttnertobel Viaduct which, after the Solis Viaduct with its 30-metre-wide single arch, is bigger than all the other bridges on the Albula Line.
Km 49.8 | 863 metres above sea level > Solis Viaduct
Saint George is supposed to have escaped from his pursuers with a single, mighty horseback leap over a gorge, and mediaeval portrayals of this legendary feat can be found in places such as the Sogn Gieri church near Rhäzüns.
But more modern ways of crossing gorges can be just as impressive. From the shadowy side of the wild Schinschlucht Gorge to the sunny slopes of the Albulatal Valley, the Solis Viaduct is an impressive way to cross the river Albula, which flows along 89 metres below in the depths of the gorge. The deep abyss is bridged by its 42-metre-wide arch. This makes the Solis Viaduct not only the highest crossing on the Rhaetian Railway, but also the longest-spanning bridge on any part of the Albula Line.
The viaduct garnered even more superlatives at the time of its construction, as a bridge structure with a span of such proportions was totally unheard of in early twentieth-century Switzerland. It therefore comes as no surprise that the viaduct also required substantially more resources than other railway bridges, as testified to by the massive and still-impressive stone pillar bases and the brickwork on the structure's parapets. It is a far more elegant-looking structure than the road bridge that runs in parallel beside it, helping express with even more intensity the history of past attempts to bridge the gorge.
The central Albulatal Valley
Although the Albulatal Valley is, overall, the most thinly-populated part of the Grisons / Graubünden region, it more than makes up for this with the richness of its cultural heritage. The central Albulatal valley, which runs eastwards from the Schinschlucht Gorge, is especially rich in attractions in the places that mark the beginning and end of this long Alpine valley. Tiefencastel, the town where the paths to the Julier and Septimer passes and the way to the Albula Pass all branch off, is dominated by its sumptuous baroque parish church dating from 1697. Filisur is characterised by its grand town houses, its richly-decorated building façades and its wide gateways, which are a typical feature of the Engadin region and no surprise, considering the amount of passing trade that the town once received.
The region's cultural richness is however also apparent in places other than these two towns. The high mountain village of Stierva, for example, is home to a church built in 1520 with a fascinating Gothic ceiling based on rhomboids, making it the most complex roof structure of its type in all of the Grisons / Graubünden. And there are other, mainly baroque, churches to be found throughout the central Albulatal Valley. Just before Tiefencastel, at the exit to the gorge of Schinschlucht, a large rock high above the Mistail Viaduct is the site of the old Church of St. Peter at Mistail, an eighth-century Carolingian three-apse structure (a term used to refer to a church building with three choirs).
But the central Albulatal Valley is a home not only to churches; just after Tiefencastel and high above Surava, we find the castle of Burg Belfort, which was built in 1200, rearing up imposingly out of the forest. No less impressive is the Landwasser Viaduct upstream of Filisur.
Km 63.1 | 1048 metres above sea level > Landwasser Viaduct
While the Solis Viaduct is the highest bridge on the Rhaetian Railway, the Landwasser Viaduct stands out as a masterpiece of the builder's art: with a volume of more than nine thousand cubic metres, it weighs in with three times the bulk of its counterpart in Solis. The reason for this is the 65-metre-high pillars, erected without the use of scaffolding, which are relatively high in number due to the arches being only 20 metres wide. This reduction in span width is in turn due to the viaduct having to follow a curve with a radius of just a hundred metres.
So how come the viaduct was built without the use of scaffolding? The possibility of flooding meant that scaffolding could not be erected. Instead the builders used two bridge cranes, whose iron towers were bricked directly into the pillars.
But the sheer breathtaking appearance of the viaduct puts the technical details of its construction into the shade: The 136-metre-long bridge does not just run, with its sweeping arches, into the wild valley of Landwassertal; it is also the gateway to the south-west – via a massive vertical wall of rock – to the more than 200-metre length of the Landwasser Tunnel.
Km 64.4 | 1080 metres above sea level > Filisur railway station
Filisur. The village stretches out along the Albula Road, with its houses in a style typical of the Engadin region. The village is not just characterised by passing traffic however; it is also marked by presence of hydroelectric power. Just below Filisur lies the overflow reservoir, dating from 1988, from where the pressurised conduits run on to Tiefencastel. The area above Filisur is characterised by the castle-like structure of pipes and artificial lakes of Bergün, linking it to the Davos-Glaris region.
The railway keeps a lower profile here. Indeed the railway station lies downhill of it, on a high plateau. The location was chosen because of the need to avoid standing starts on such a steep section of line. The station at Filisur was important right from the beginning of railway operations, as the village was once a staging post, where the locomotives were checked, and a second engine was sometimes attached to give trains the extra steam power required to help them up the long climb to the Albula Tunnel. Auxiliary locomotives (now powered by electricity) were still being attached to trains well into the nineteen-fifties and sixties.
A station buffet awaited pioneering passengers from the early days of rail travel, and the terrace next to the row of trees abutting the village gave these travellers a welcome chance to stretch their legs. These times are still recalled by the actual station building, which dates from 1903 and still retains its character despite being modernised in 2004; by a depot complete with turntable, by an old engine-shed and also by a water crane once used to fill the boilers of steam locomotives. From 1909 onwards, Filisur was also connected by rail to Davos, thus creating a circuit that allowed travel to Chur via Landquart, Davos and Filisur, and then back to Chur again: the so-called "carousel".
Km 65.4 | 1115 metres above sea level > Greifenstein Tunnel
Some railways connect places in a simple, straight line. The Rhaetian Railway, on the other hand, needs to tackle a series of mountains, along with various sudden changes of altitude – all of which turns the railway into something of a work of art. Switchback sections of line are used to deal with these changes of altitude in places where space is limited. They also provide carousel-like revolving views, from the train, of the surrounding landscape.
In the Greifenstein Tunnel, passengers are barely aware that the train describes a loop. This 689-metre-long structure, known as a helical tunnel, joins two straight sections of track that lie at an angle to each other. The name comes from the Greifenstein and Schlossberg tunnels, and also from another notable structure: the castle of Burg Greifenstein, which towers over the railway line.
Km 70.2 | 1277 metres above sea level > Stugl/Stuls station
Referring to the station at Stugl/Stuls as a mere crossing totally fails to do it justice. The fact that the station is a listed building gives some hint as to the special status of the place, and the station at Stugl/Stuls is indeed a unique piece of railway history. Standing on a plateau that is half natural, half created by blasting, this station - located deep in the forest between Filisur and Bergün – still includes century-old buildings that date from the earliest days of railway operations on the Albula Line. The law of the day decreed that crossing-keeper's houses, some of which amounted to little more than a sentry box, were to be placed every three kilometres along the line; and one of them still survives here. Behind the old station building, which was also the home of the station master and his family, we can still find the regulation outdoor privy and wash house, and – slightly further away – the barracks once used to house the workers employed to build the Albula Tunnel. Once they had moved on to Stugl, the building was used as a schoolhouse for the children of railway workers posted to Stuls, but not before it had done its time as accommodation run on the "hot-bed" system, whereby workers from different shifts shared the same bed.
The century-old station at Stugl/Stuls still has something of a fairytale-like air about it, perhaps because it is well away from any built-up area. The picturesque village of Stugl/Stuls itself, which lies some way further up the mountain slope, is home to a small church that sits, crown-like, on a small hill and which houses frescoes dating from around 1350. The work was done by a pupil of Giotto, the Florentine old master and forefather of the Renaissance. The site, despite its isolated seclusion, provides yet another example of the beautiful side of the culture of the Albulatal Valley.
Bergün-Preda Line
The line from Bergün to Preda has to deal with a difference in altitude of 416 metres along the way, which is why the line had to be artificially extended to include various helical and normal tunnels, viaducts and cuttings.
In 1906, shortly after the line was completed, its was found, in the words of those responsible for official protection of the landscape, that "the pleasing layout of the line and its beautiful stone-built bridges and viaducts" did not in any way degrade the landscape. On the contrary, the line was actually found to "enliven and enrich" the surrounding landscape. Indeed the line between Bergün and Preda nowadays helps to ensure the worldwide fame of the Albula Railway.
The complex, high-altitude construction work likewise resulted in the addition of buildings other than tunnels and bridges, including no fewer than four permanently-occupied maintenance buildings and five workers' barracks dotted along the line between Bergün and Preda, some of which still stand today.
Km 74.7 | 1425 metres above sea level > Bergün switchback loops
Two switchback loops on the incline near Bergün artificially extend the line and reduce the amount of slope that it has to tackle in any one go. The two switchback loops also provide panoramic views of the landscape, allowing a sweeping vision of the mountains that includes several views of the village of Bergün, with it church and courthouse tower.
Km 76.2 | 1476 metres above sea level > Val Tuors bend
One of the most impressive earthworks on the whole Albula Line is the bend at Val Tuors, which curves around the mountainside on an embankment and vertical shafts erected in the so-called "English" manner.
Km 77.9 | 1532 metres above sea level > Val Tisch Viaduct
A viaduct built of different types of stone. As there was barely sufficient material above Bergün for the construction of the Val Tisch Viaduct, it became necessary to obtain stone from elsewhere.
Km 79.0 | 1572 metres above sea level > Chanaletta Cutting
The valleys once thundered to the sound of avalanches. In order to protect the line from falling rocks, uphill reinforcement was added at heights of up to 2300 metres above sea level, and the line runs through cuttings in places where the risk of avalanches is high. So why not just build tunnels, which would have been far cheaper to construct? This would have reduced the interest of the lines as tourist attraction, making them less viable financially. Indeed, a chief characteristic of these lines has always been the synthesis between aesthetic considerations and economic expediency.
Km 79.2 | 1575 metres above sea level > Muot station
The station was not designed to receive passenger traffic, being conceived more as a shunting yard with various levels. Despite being intended for operational rather than public use, no one saw the need to deprive this shady location of the garden that was normal for stations elsewhere in the Grisons / Graubünden.
Km 79.8 | 1596 metres above sea level > Albula Viaduct I
Four bridges, all of them named after the river, take the line over the Albula on the section between Bergün and Preda. The 500-metre-long Albula Viaduct I performs the first part of the task, by taking the line over the mountain brook and onward towards Muot. Length of viaduct: 59 metres Height: 11 metres
Km 79.9 | 1597 metres above sea level > Rugnux Tunnel
After Muot station, the line towards Preda is characterised by a brusque alternation between dark tunnels and expansive mountain views. Given the narrowness of the valley, spiral tunnels were required in order to let the railway cope with the steep inclines. The first of these high-altitude underground switchbacks takes place in the Rugnux Tunnel. The tunnel is equipped, despite it age, with the latest technology, including doors designed to seal it off in winter and prevent the track icing-up. The doors are opened by trains passing the section block.
Km 81.2 | 1636 metres above sea level > Albula Viaduct II
In order to avoid the slope at Val Rots, which is liable to suffer avalanches, the track is diverted, as is so often the case along this section of line, over the mountain stream – in this case on the 95-metre-long and 29-metre-high Albula Viaduct II.
Km 81.6 | 1650 metres above sea level > Toua Tunnel
The middle of the three helical tunnels between Bergün and Preda is 677 metres long. It almost touches the adjacent Zuondra Tunnel, which lies just 50 metres vertically above it, burrowed into the same mountain.
Km 82.5 | 1677 metres above sea level > Albula Viaduct III
The Albula Viaduct III consists of more than 4000 cubic metres of brickwork. This bridge, which is also known locally as Punt'ota ("high bridge"), is the second-bulkiest item of its type (after the Landwasser Viaduct) on the Albula Line. It is not just the sheer volume of the structure that impresses, but also the strict regularity of its sweeping 20-metre central arches. This volume corresponds approximately to that of the Albula Viaduct II. Between Albula Viaducts III and IV, the railway also runs through the brick-built Maliera Cutting, which was extended in the nineteen-eighties to protect the line from avalanches.
Km 83.0 | 1695 metres above sea level > Albula Viaduct IV
This viaduct is the counterpart of a similar structure located deep down in the Schinschlucht Gorge of the Albulatal Valley. The lower-altitude Lochtobel Viaduct was built using the same 16-metre arches as the Albula Viaduct IV. The fact that this measurement is also shared by the span widths of Albula Tunnels II and III is no coincidence: when the railway was being built, the construction of certain viaduct arches was standardised, so that exact dimensions could be calculated merely by consulting a table.
Km 83.2 | 1702 metres above sea level > Zuondra Tunnel
Almost vertically above the Toua Tunnel, the railway switches back for a third time through the helical Zuondra Tunnel, before negotiating the smaller Preda Valley and taking a straight run through the Albula Tunnel. The train runs through the solid rock of the mountain and over an embankment made of the rubble that was excavated when the Albula Tunnel was being built.
Km 85.7 | 1789 metres above sea level > Preda
Before the builders arrived at the turn of the twentieth century to lay the railway, the only large building in the village was the Hotel Kulm. Preda then began to grow between 1899 and 1903, while the tunnel was being built, including a shanty-town that was dismantled once the tunnel was complete. One of the workers' barracks was moved downhill to the station at Stugl/Stuls, where it still stands today.
Km 85.8 | 1823 metres above sea level > Albula Tunnel
July 1902: 1316 men worked on the Albula Tunnel, 984 of them underground and 332 in the open air, where a small hospital was also built near the sleeping barracks. And it was needed, as countless men were injured during the construction of the tunnel. A total of 21 workers also lost their lives to explosions, rock-falls and accidents involving rolling stock.
The Albula Tunnel was built between 1899 and 1903. The resulting piece of civil engineering is now, at over 1,800 metres above sea level, the highest standard-gauge railway tunnel in the Alps. The rock towers over the tunnel once more at a height of 950 metres.
What is "rock" in this case? The inside of the mountain consists of solid Albula granite with, towards the north, a good kilometre-thick course of wet argillaceous and calcareous slate. Just to bore through a geologically tricky layer of cellular dolomite, the workers had to drill for eleven months – even though the course in question was only 110 metres thick.
The workers tunnelling into the mountain from the south also had challenges to meet: the need to pass through an area subject to rock-falls meant that supports had to be carefully inserted in order to prop up the unstable interior of the tunnel.
Nowadays, it seems as if these difficulties never existed, as we travel in four minutes through a tunnel that took four years to build. The line climbs southwards to its high-point at 1,823 metres above sea level, after which it drops slightly before leaving this 5,864.5-metre-long mountain section.
The western summit of Dschimel is actually lower than the railway as it passes through the Albula Tunnel, as is also the case with the watershed of the rivers Rhine and Inn. There is also a sharp contrast between the landscapes at either end of the tunnel, with the wild-looking Albulatal Valley to the north and the verdant Alpine highlands of Engadin to the south.
Km 91.8 | 1815 metres above sea level > Spinas station
Val Bever. Alpine meadows are interspersed with forests of stone pine and larch, all intertwined with the river Beverin as it flows down the valley towards Engadin. The Albula Railway has run beside the river since 1903. Given the danger of avalanches at this point, the tracks were built on an embankment made, as in Preda, of rubble excavated during the construction of the tunnel.
Another gem of early railway history is the station of Spinas in Val Bever. Its interest lies in the fact that it has barely changed since it was built. While the passenger buildings at the north end of the Albula Line were built of wood, their southern counterparts tended to be of plastered stone. The station building at Spinas is an exception to this rule however, being constructed with wood cladding reminiscent of the north side of the Alps.
Km 95.6 | 1710 metres above sea level > Bever
The railway runs right through the valley of Val Bever. When it reaches Bever however, a gentle curve gives away the intention of its original builders to include a branch line to Unterengadin. In 1913, the intended stretch from Bever to Scuol was actually opened – as the first electrically-powered section of the Rhaetian Railway. The single transformer building, which also supplied the Albula Line, is now a substation. The station building itself stands, albeit with some of the ornamental detail removed, as it did in 1903 – with the large roofed platform to show for the fact that large numbers of passengers were expected even then.
Km 97.7 | 1705 metres above sea level > Samedan
Trains arrive here from Unterengadin and the Albula Tunnel, and depart towards St. Moritz or to Pontresina and onwards to Bernina: Samedan is the quintessential Engadin railway town, with 180 of its inhabitants employed by the company. Samedan has, since 1999, also been the site of a goods handling yard with mobile container-lifting cranes. The crossing-keeper's cottage and locomotive turntable from the old building were preserved when the station, which was similar to the one in Bever, was rebuilt in 1983.
Km 102.9 | 1775 metres above sea level > St. Moritz station
The Albula Railway reached St. Moritz, which was by then a former farming village with a fifty-year history as a world-famous spa town, in 1904, somewhat later than planned. As the municipality did not want a railway station that was likely to obstruct the views of the lake and mountains, going so far as to ask for the train to run in a tunnel below the town, the railway builders decided, for reasons of cost, to choose a site that would allow the line to continue on to Chiavenna, via the Maloja Pass, without any further complications. The present site of the station was the result of the dispute being resolved by the Swiss regional government department. The Bernina Railway, which was built in stages between 1906 and 1910, was then made to run into the existing railway station.
After two extensions, the station building was beginning to look a bit of a mess, so – with the impending 1928 Winter Olympic Games in mind – the decision was taken to carry out a complete rebuild. The railway company called in Nicolaus Hartmann, the architect just previously responsible for designing the stations at Alp Grüm and Bernina-Hospiz on the Bernina Line. Before his work on railway stations, Nicolaus Hartmann had also designed the giant Hotel Margna, the showy façade of which was echoed in the new station. His take on the railway building consisted of putting the various facilities into a single cube with a hipped roof, out of which the clock tower still protrudes today. One special feature stood out right from the beginning: the electrically-illuminated hands of the clock.
Facts of the Albula Line Chur–St. Moritz (incl. Samedan – Pontresina)
Building work to begin: in October 1898
Line inaugurated
> Chur – Thusis: 1st July 1896
> Thusis – Celerina: 1st July 1903
> Celerina – St. Moritz: 1st July 1904
> Samedan – Pontresina: 1st July 1908
Initial construction costs: CHF 28,112,000
Construction costs per kilometre
> CHF 153,200 Chur – Thusis
> CHF 388,450 Thusis – St. Moritz
> CHF 218,210 Samedan – Pontresina
> St. Moritz – Bever: 1st July 1913
> Samedan – Pontresina: 1st July 1913
> Bever – Filisur: 20th April 1919
> Filisur – Thusis: 15th October 1919
> Chur – Thusis: 1st April 1921
Power system: Single-phase alternating current 16.7 Hz, 11 kV
Line length: 66,967 m (61,674 m + 5,293 m)
Min. height above sea level: 584.3 metres above sea level (Chur)
Max. altitude: 1,823 metres above sea level (Albula Tunnel)
Maximum incline: 35 ‰
Minimum curve radius: 120 m, Landwasser Viaduct 100 m
Tunnels and cuttings: 42
Total length: 16,545 m
Longest tunnel: 5,865 m
Proportion of overall length of line: 15.2 %
Bridges: 144 (span width ≥ 2 m)
Total length: 2,901 m
Longest bridge: 215.50 m
Original rail type
> 25 kg/m (Filisur – St. Moritz)
> 27 kg/m (Samedan – Pontresina)
Current rail type: 54 kg/m
Original length of rail: 12 m
Current length of rail: 30 m
The Rail Service of the Rhaetian Railway can be reached daily from 7 am to 7 pm 7 days a week. Whatever you want to know about, be it flat-rate fare offers or special trains, prices of season or standard tickets, we are glad to helb you.
Places along the route: Chur - Reichenau - Thusis - Tiefencastel - Filisur - Bergün - Preda - Bever - Samedan - St. Moritz
First published: Donnerstag, 28. August 2008
Last updated: Mittwoch, 29. Januar 2014


text:
British Jeweller Beaverbrooks launches new website to drive online sales using hybris software.Read more
Bestore - solving the challenges of Singles' Day in China with an omni-channel transformation.Read more
Bookworld successfully launches hybris B2C Commerce Suite in Australia, creating a quality experience for their customers.Read more
hybris is selected by ASICS for the infrastructure of the company's new global consumer websites.Read more
Asics is in a market position where it is essential to create a single marketing platform that unifies all customer data. The hybris Marketing Platform provides us with a powerful...
James Stone, Asics
Benefit Cosmetics, one of the world's leading cosmetics brand, decided to enter China's e-commerce market. Read how they successfully launched their online store geared toward the Chinese customer.Read more
CRH Bouwmaterialen tells about the engagement with hybris in their omni-channel commerce journey that unites the offline & online world, offering B2B and B2C customers a seamless shopping experience.Watch Now
Cable and Telco Provider DNA Taps SAP Hybris To Simplify Customer Service.Read more
UK's largest mobile network operator has selected hybris Commerce Suite and hybris Telco Accelerator to create an unparalleled commerce experience.Read more
Gaylord Archival works both with B2B and B2C customers, providing innovative products and resources for the preservation and display of treasured items.Read more
21DIAMONDS launched their high-end online store for customizable jewelry in under 3 months. Read the case study to learn how this was possible.Read more
hybris Commerce Suite to provide Future Group's customers with a single view of its multiple brands across physical and digital channels.Read more
HABA opted for a solution based on SAP Hybris Commerce.Online shops were developed for each of its brands, each functioning independently, helping ensure that they stay stable even during peak times.Read more
Learn how Hagebau, a collection of mid-sized wholesalers and retailers in western Europe, used SAP Hybris to build 500 diverse and independent online stores.Watch now
The hybris B2B Commerce platform will help enable Airgas to provide best-in-class e-commerce experience to its customers.Read more
ALDO Group, a world-leading creator and operator of desirable footwear and accessory brands, is using the SAP Hybris Commerce solution to enhance customer experiences across digital channels, increase sales, and support e-commerce expansion into new geographic markets.READ MORE
Starting with a new website for Hungary, BDI is using hybris as the single e-commerce platform to launch in several international markets.Read more
Cycle Gear successfully migrates to hybris for enhanced omni-channel performance.Read more
Ingram Micro Mobility: Improving the Customer Experience and Increasing Revenue with SAP® hybris® Commerce SuiteRead more

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Skylark Shores Resort
Address1120 North Main Street LakeportSee nearby area
For rates, enter dates/guests
Description provided by property
Located in Lakeport, California along Clear Lake, this resort offers landscaped lawns, an outdoor pool and free Wi-Fi. Clear Lake State Park is 15 minutes' drive away.
Room features direct lake views and a private patio or balcony with barbecue facilities. Each warmly decorated room includes a microwave, small fridge and a coffee maker. Cable TV and a work desk are also provided. Lake front rooms at Skylark Resort feature a full kitchen with an additional fee.
Guests can relax on the many picnic areas and enjoy views of Mt. Konocti. A children's playground and 3 large private docks are offered at Skylark Shores Resort. Laundry facilities are on site.
Lake County Fairgrounds are just 1 mile from this lakefront resort. Ceago Winery is 11.4 miles away and the Grace Hudson Museum is less than an hours' drive away.
Important information
Upon check-in photo identification and credit card is required. All special requests are subject to availability upon check-in. Special requests cannot be guaranteed and may incur additional charges. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.
Services & facilities
- Family rooms
Kids club
- Children's playground
- Non-smoking rooms
- Facilities for disabled guests
- Vending machine (snacks)
- Vending machine (drinks)
Wi-Fi/internet access
- Free WiFi


text:
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It's been awhile since I've seen a UFO video worth putting up on GhostTheory. Most of the videos that make it to my
desk inbox are so obviously fake or easily explainable. This new video from Gilroy, California just doesn't seem to fit in those two categories. When I see a video that shows a string of lights floating high up in the sky I immediately assume they are lanterns or flares. Trust me, I've seen my share of these videos. In fact, I live only a mile or two from Chinatown in Los Angeles and get to see the lanterns float by my place every so often. Their distinguishable fiery glow can be seen from a distance.
On Wednesday September 5th, 2012, residents of Gilroy witnessed a strange series of bright (white) lights traveling in a single-line flight pattern. No FAA-required blinking red lights are visible.
So what do the sharp-eyed readers have to say about this video?
Xavier Ortega
Latest posts by Xavier Ortega (see all)
- Men In Black: They're watching you - July 26, 2016
- The mad king of Clipperton Island - July 6, 2016
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text:
Member News
Share your good news such as promotions, transfers, new arrivals, graduations, retirements, etc., with the rest of the membership. Send your news to Mr. Bob Magee, email@example.com
New Members in the Montgomery Chapter during 2016-2017
Scott Bradley – Gunter
Kelly Miller- Holm Center, Maxwell
Farewell to Members in the Montgomery Chapter during 2016-2017
Capt Maurice A. McKoy
ASMC Membership Profile
Does ASMC have all of your up-to-date information to be able to contact you? The most current contact information is needed for sending and delivering important messages to ASMC members and CDFM certificants. Some of our members have changed to new positions so please make sure to update your ASMC profile with the new addresses, phone numbers, emails, etc. Please visit the "Update Profile" page at http://www.asmconline.org/membership/edit-profile
If you have recently changed duty stations, did you remember to update your Chapter membership? To update your membership to a chapter near you, send an email via the ASMC webpage link: http://www.asmconline.org/contact-us/ or call them on the telephone at (800) 462-5637.
Certified Defense Financial Managers (CDFM) – CONGRATS!
SHOUT OUT to our newest CDFMs!
|Frederick Lerone Bellamy
|Anne L. Howard
|Kelly S. Papineau
|Ricky Earl Blackmon, CDFM-A
|Gail R. Inman
|Phillip L. Redding
|Dawn M. Chard
|Kirsten James
|Stephen A. Shanks
|Philip Cronin
|Karen M. Koonce
|Louise A. Shumate
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|April C. Morgan, CDFM-A
|Thomas J. Whelihan
|Jonathan A. Gray
|Cathy L. Mulcady
|Joseph B. Wingo
|John S. Hodges
|Desiree P. Murray
|Sheniek N. Wynn


text:
BEST ENTRANCE: Food Court Entrance
LOCATION IN MALL: Located near the Food Court
(978) 532-8861 | Driving Directions | American Eagle Outfitters Website |
View Deals | Mall Map
More stores to consider
Old Time Sports
American Eagle Outfitters
Style isn't in the wearing. It's in the doing. And if you opt in now you could score a $200 gift card on us. http://on.ae.com/2d6ONyt
Read More
Style is in the doing. Sign up now for a chance to get a $200 gift card on us. https://t.co/mjtsCUzuXk https://t.co/Xc741VJmgz/p>
Speak up. Make history. Today is voter registration day. Sign up now & spread the word with #WeAllCan.… https://t.co/kG5t5yoTrA/p>
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. Juana Burga Cervera
So soft you'll never want to take them off. Shop Ahhhmazingly Soft: https://t.co/zaLS7FWesG https://t.co/KrIxfgrdlY/p>
The Vintage Hi-Rise Jean is having a major moment. How Do You Wear That is showing you how to style the laid-back denim on the blog. #AEOSTYLE
We're ready for #Fall! Check out what to wear this Thursday & all season on the blog: https://t.co/MPEIgEIGNJ https://t.co/euEMrHzmsa/p>
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. Raury
Shop Rock the Vote pins & prove that civic duty is in style. #RockTheVote
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. Cody Christian
Make your voice heard. 100% of proceeds from the #RockTheVote collection online & in select stores benefit Rock the Vote.
We're feeling the 90s revival miniskirt & so is @stylelullaby: https://t.co/mgmkEhSboe #AEOSTYLE https://t.co/2AgI45fNWQ/p>
Be anything. Do everything. Love anyone. Fall down. Play nice. Talk dirty. Make peace. Stay true. Fear nothing. Forge ahead. And just be ourselves.
Meet Yara Shahidi. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. #WeAllCan
MEET Troye Sivan.
We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. #WeAllCan
#WeAllCan. It's the ultimate declaration of personal freedom. No labels. No judgments. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. Meet our cast.
I can dance weird. –Ju, Xiaowén #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/FKZVcGbHPy https://t.co/iOnIXPWI61/p>
#WeAllCan. Can you? http://on.ae.com/2c8BwVu
I can create my own future. –@HaileeSteinfeld #WeAllCan, can you?https://t.co/VqhnX6IwxF https://t.co/EHlaGz4M6A/p>
RT @ELLEmagazine: Yara Shahidi and Hailee Steinfeld star in American Eagle's #WeAllCan campaign https://t.co/lljY25wned/p>
I can be heard. –@YaraShahidi #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/SlPYkchJeY https://t.co/GZSjbu6FPy/p>
RT @BoF: Consumers no longer buy preppy logo t-shirts, and see social media—not malls—as the centre of their social life https://t.co/hgfcd…/p>
In stores, limited time only. BOGO 50% off the AEO Collection! Find your AEO: https://t.co/YUwpo1GfRC https://t.co/huhLxjjZ5B/p>
Taking in the long weekend. Photo: @JayMoonrise https://t.co/F1IOyygg8K/p>
It's your chance to ask Yara Shahidi & Neels Visser your questions. They'll be streaming LIVE here at 11 AM PST/2 PM EST.
Want to get to know #WeAllCan cast members Neels Visser & Yara Shahidi a little better? They're LIVE tomorrow on our Facebook starting at 11 AM PST/2 PM EST.
Troye Sivan is taking over our Snapchat tonight! Follow his night out at the Teen Vogue Young Hollywood event at: aeo. We'll be sharing scenes from the party on Instagram, too, so no #fomo.
Two-toned. Shop Brands We Love like @Tretorn online & in select stores: https://t.co/SqXY8M3RLd #tretorn125 https://t.co/QuySvzNEjs/p>
Two-toned. Shop Brands We Love like Tretorn online & in select stores. #tretorn125
#Fall arrives this Thursday! Check out what we'll be wearing & doing this season: https://t.co/JXDWNFF8wm https://t.co/KR4TGRAWbr/p>
Our September playlist features #WeAllCan cast members @HaileeSteinfeld & @troyesivan: https://t.co/fwjQbyxLzh https://t.co/d6ghcmVDCS/p>
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. @ReallyCody https://t.co/02NmTwR4iU https://t.co/2wWNFAxoBQ/p>
We're feeling the 90s revival miniskirt, and so is Style Lullaby. Find her look + style inspiration on the blog.
#WeAllCan Be anything. Do everything. Fear nothing. Forge ahead. And just be ourselves. https://t.co/PFyUZ02Veq https://t.co/r4OTybutBU/p>
New season, new style.
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. @HaileeSteinfeld https://t.co/SwbV6FJpNb https://t.co/yrFvBEy3qW/p>
AEO #WeAllCan Denim Jacket Sweepstakes
Style is... embracing & expressing your truest self. https://t.co/WIAIn1nTsZ https://t.co/5tc9XbWJ1I/p>
Take it to the hi-top. Shop Brands We Love like Tretorn now. #tretorn125
Meet @Raury. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. #WeAllCan https://t.co/DJN5FSuvC2/p>
Rep #WeAllCan wherever you go with pins for bags & more. In stores now, while supplies last. https://t.co/oTZdv0dA3Y https://t.co/IPZh7Se41s/p>
RT @trevchops: I can make the world smile. I can succeed. I can be a leader. What can you do? #WeAllCan @AEO/p>
MEET Hailee Steinfeld. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. #WeAllCan
MEET @HaileeSteinfeld. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are: https://t.co/YrLA6sNX5I https://t.co/aiI4wbr6QQ/p>
It's the ultimate declaration of personal freedom. No labels. No judgments. We're inspired by individuals who express who they really are. Meet our cast.
I can inspire. –Michael Lockley #WeAllCan. Can you? https://t.co/FfqZ2WUipi https://t.co/dnDNQr1zXB/p>
I can wing it. –Landon McNamara #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/PAZtsDmdkb/p>
I can play nice. –@ReallyCody #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/msgftQLgN7 https://t.co/dfBmd1Lzgi/p>
I can fear nothing. –@JuanitaBurga #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/pomiHoylpM https://t.co/qstP6chA4O/p>
I can reinvent myself. -Jasmine Sanders #WeAllCan, can you?https://t.co/HABlFofQ94 https://t.co/rBQXtHhvOZ/p>
I can break free. –@Raury #WeAllCan, can you? https://t.co/Gn8TB1Mgfg https://t.co/izrPQQDZNi/p>
Get after it. Find Your AEO: https://t.co/hkpF12J1qp https://t.co/LfLY5fWGo6/p>
In stores & online, clearance is 60% off! Prices as marked. Shop: https://t.co/BwyzV1Bcbm https://t.co/OS6O0LJyO2/p>
Fresh for fall. The AEO Collection is BOGO 50% off online & in stores! https://t.co/9qcya5MgNf https://t.co/DdgP5IA3bX/p>
Show us what YOU can do with #WeAllCan. @JuanitaBurga https://t.co/SWEhKS33Hl https://t.co/KBOd5MHs8w/p>
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RT @emrata: I can play by my own rules. #WeAllCan @AEO #aeopartner https://t.co/ZTPpJbwnVK/p>
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text:
Gas Sampling Companies in Israel
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
Distributor in ISRAEL
Since 1993, Sintrol has grown into one of the world's largest dust monitor manufacturers supplying a wide range of particulate matter measurement devices. Sintrol's dust monitors have been developed an enhanced with state of the art equipment and verified by Finland's foremost technical universities as well as third body certification bodies. Sintrol provides high quality ...
Apex Instruments, Inc.
Distributor in ISRAEL
Apex Instruments was established in 1988 as an American-owned company with worldwide impact. For more than 24 years, Apex Instruments has manufactured equipment for sampling emissions from industrial chimneys and smoke stacks using US-EPA guidelines. Our equipment is designed by a staff of experienced stack testers who understand your compliance testing needs.
Gasmet Technologies Oy
Distributor in Ashkelon, ISRAEL
Gasmet Technologies is a leading manufacturer of gas monitoring instruments and systems for industrial and environmental applications including continuous emissions monitoring (power plants, waste incinerators, cement kilns etc.) stack testing / comparison measurements, process control, industrial hygiene / indoor air quality, engine exhaust gas, semiconductor ...
Meteo-Tech Ltd.
based in Bnei Brak, ISRAEL
Meteo-Tech Ltd. is a privately owned company engaged in supplying and servicing meteorological, industrial monitoring & control, air-quality and aviation equipment in the state of Israel. The company was established in 1989, and evolved around a core of professional experts who have been active in meteorology, industrial monitoring, aviation and air-quality services in ...
TSI Incorporated
Distributor in ISRAEL
TSI Inc. serves a global market by investigating, identifying and solving measurement problems. As an industry leader in the design and production of precision measurement instruments, TSI partners with research institutions and customers around the world to set the standard for measurements relating to aerosol science, air flow, indoor air quality, fluid dynamics and ...
HORIBA Europe GmbH
Distributor in ISRAEL
The HORIBA Group of worldwide companies provides an extensive array of instruments and systems for applications ranging from automotive R&D, process and environmental monitoring, in-vitro medical diagnostics, semiconductor manufacturing and metrology, to a broad range of scientific R&D and QC measurements. Proven quality and trustworthy performance have established ...


text:
Skater near "le palais de tokyo"Paris, France 2010.Canon 1000D
paris skate
Nailed it.. Nice title too !
Magnifique! J'y suis passé cet après-midi… :'))
Jean-LucI know just where this is. I think it's a shame that the city of Paris has allowed this beautiful place to go in such a state. The graffiti and rubbish is a disgrace. I do appreciate the image that you captured here however. I still wonder why in a place overlooked by two wonderful museums and a a short distance from la Tour, it's been neglected so.V
Nayko, Forgive me, I mistakenly thought this was Jean-Luc's photograph. I see that it is yours. I still ask the question if you or others might know the answer. V
Fantastic timing and capture :)
Nice shot!
Very bien vu ;-)
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Follow @pbchocolatemilk
The Latest
@renbeaumont and @alicelucys on this weekend's #Winnipeg 10 and 10! #YWG #ambassadorlove #running
August 9, 2016
Stair Workouts to Improve Cardio and Strength
Ambassador Patrick McNaught gives you the tools to add a stairs workout to your training routine and…Read More
August 3, 2016
Seven delicious snack ideas to fuel your next outdoor adventure
Planning an outdoor adventure? Dietitian Jen Rawson has snacks suggestions to keep your muscles…Read More
August 24, 2016
Conditioning for Runners – Rolling and Strength Training
Contributing Ambassador Chris Tse shares his tips for conditioning and strength training as a…Read More
@OpenDoorYoga! #PBCM ambassador @becomingajock put your Main & 15th studio in his Top 5 Training Places in #YVR https://t.co/ioRA8QiMic
@renbeaumont! Hope you're enjoying your recovery! #pbcm https://t.co/BJQEMi0b5E
September 19, 2016
Recover, Reflect and Refocus: Finish Line Guidelines
In the last installment of this series, Shawn Wilyman shares his Finish Line Guidelines to wrap up…Read More
@ShawnWilyman shares his finish line strategies on how to keep things fresh. https://t.co/h4cdJAkcqy
July 26, 2016
Pre-run Ritual
Contributing Ambassador Chris Tse gives us a glimpse into his pre-run ritual. Check out his video to…Read More
September 6, 2016
Favourite Training Spots of PBCM Ambassadors – West Coast Edition
We asked PBCM ambassadors about their favourite places for training. Find out the west coast picks…Read More


text:
According to our records, Abby Brammell is possibly single.
Abby Brammell is a 37 year old American Actress. Born Abigail Brammell on 19th March, 1979 in Kentucky, USA and educated at Churchill High School in 1997, she is famous for Birds of Prey in a career that spans 2002–present. Her zodiac sign is Pisces.
Abby Brammell is a member of the following lists: Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni, Actresses from San Antonio, Texas and Actresses from Kentucky.
Help us build our profile of Abby Brammell! Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions.
Abby Brammell (born March 19, 1979) is an American television and stage actress.
La extraño,,,,aunque nunca estuve con ella.
hi i will like us 2 now esh other
Abby Brammell is not only a credited actress, but she is one hot babe.
Help keep Abby Brammell profile up to date.
Connect any celebrity with Abby Brammell to see how closely they are linked... romantically!


text:
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Potential HotspotsTerrorismTop Ten Conflicts
Government workers and journalists finally reached Moslem villages in central Nigeria that had been the scene of an attack by Christian gangs. Apparently, over 500 Moslem civilians were killed. This was the largest death toll in the series of tribal raids against Christian and Moslem villages in the area that has left thousands dead in the past few years.
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Over the years, we have tried to keep in-your-face ads off our site. If our readers have complained about an ad, we have looked into it and 90% of the time removed the ad. Unfortunately, revenues from standard ads are just not enough to keep us alive.
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text:
Hey, umps: Don't make Big Papi wait
David Ortiz of the Boston Red Sox tweets out his frustrations when rain delay at Target Field in Minnesota hits two hours and game is not called.
The Red Sox were leading the Twins 3-1 heading into the bottom of the seventh inning on Sunday, when the heavens opened up above Target Field and the rain came down. With a Monday night game in Chicago, the Red Sox were certainly hoping the delay would be brief — or the game would be called.
Well, two hours later after the delay began, the teams were still being held hostage by Mother Nature, waiting to hear if they would get a chance to resume play. And David Ortiz was tired of waiting around.
The Red Sox designated hitter tweeted his displeasure at the length of the delay two hours after play was halted. Check out what he had to say below.
Raining for 2 hours and nobody will call the game.... Come on!!!!! http://t.co/QipvKHOXp7
David Ortiz (@davidortiz)
May 19, 2013
On the bright side, the movie "The Sandlot" was played on the big screen — in its entirety!!! — during the delay. And while Ortiz was steaming during the delay that ultimately lasted three hours, some of his teammates appeared to be in no rush at all.
I would love to see @davidortiz do a tarp slide! Who's with me????? @JacobyEllsbury will record it
Shane Victorino (@ShaneVictorino)
May 19, 2013
Ultimately, the Red Sox won the game 5-1, scoring twice more after the delay.
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Florida wildlife officials said they have captured a 5-foot python that had apparently injured itself while eating an animal in a tree in the city of Cocoa.
A Cocoa Police Department spokeswoman said the reptile was caught in a tree on a residential property.
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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Boykin Ties Repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell to Rise in Sexual Assaults in the Military
Submitted by Brian Tashman on Tuesday, 5/21/2013 4:50 pm
Family Research Council vice president Jerry Boykin yesterday chatted with Frank Gaffney for an entire program about the forthcoming "Islamic Republic of America" where Boykin's granddaughters are forced to wear burkas. After his usual anti-Muslim ramblings, Boykin explained that the Islamic conquest of America can only take place once people lose "traditional American values." He argued that the Obama administration is trying to get rid of such values by repealing Don't Ask Don't Tell and the ban on women in combat, which he linked to an increase in reported sexual assaults.
It's important to understand that this administration in particular has sexualized the army, I mean there's been so much of this social engineering that all revolves around gender and sexual behavior. What we're doing though is we are setting ourselves up for absolute failure. Yes, sexual assault is at an all-time, unprecedented high. But then when you look at the fact that we have repealed Don't Ask Don't Tell so that we've mixed people of the same sex with same-sex attraction at a time when our military is under great stress, that's a problem; now we're trying to put women into ground combat roles where you cannot violate the laws of nature, plain and simple, and we're going to put women into units where there is absolutely no privacy, where you are inviting exactly what is occurring already, and that is sexual assault, sexual attraction and all of these things.
What is this all about? Why are we doing this? Well the answer is the people that are making these decisions do not care one thing about military readiness; in fact I would say most of them don't even understand military readiness. They have an agenda and they are fulfilling that agenda by going after the military, which at the end of the day still maintains very traditional American values. While we've got people in the military that do some bad things from time to time, at the end of the day we still have the uniform code of military justice and it still finds, for example, adultery to punishable under the uniform code of military justice; at one time sodomy was punishable under the uniform code of military justice. It has maintained very traditional American values and what this is is an assault on the last bastion of traditional values in America because you can't change this society until you change the military.
Filed Under
Organizations:Family Research Council
People:Jerry Boykin
Topics:Don't Ask, Don't Tell, DADT
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Darrell Scott: Trump Is Under 'Concentrated Satanic Attack'
9/21/16 @ 11:40am
Pat Robertson: 'Radical Socialist' Obama Will Bring 'Death To This Country'
9/20/16 @ 12:25pm
9/26/16 @ 1:50pm


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UK Public Entities Get Demand Response Option
The United Kingdom's Government Procurement Service has contracted with smart grid companies KiWi Power and Flexitricity to provide demand response programs for government organizations.
Public sector organizations that work within the new Demand Side Response Framework Agreement can now gain access to benchmarked pre-authorized Demand Side Response services, which will provide them the ability to either curtail their consumption of electricity or utilize their on-site generation capabilities in response to the demands of national and local grid systems.
Fluctuations in electricity supply and demand dictate that some capacity must always be kept in reserve to keep the transmission and distribution system in balance. Demand-side response allows organizations to provide some of the flexibility needed to balance the system. National Grid and the distribution network operators (DNOs) remunerate the smart grid vendors to hold reserve. In addition, further payments are made when this reserve is accessed. The smart grid companies share these payments with participating energy partners, which can reach $156,000 per year on a medium-sized site, according to Flexitricity.
The public sector, which includes central government departments, non-departmental public bodies, NHS bodies and local authorities, is vast and diverse, using an estimated 10 percent of total UK electricity demand.
- 2015 Insider Knowledge
- 2016 Environmental Leader Product & Project Awards
- Advanced Rooftop-Unit Control (ARC) Retrofits: Field Demonstrations Validate Energy Savings
- Four Key Questions to Ask Before Your Next Energy Purchase
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- The New Energy Future - Challenges and Opportunities in Corporate Energy Management
- Choosing the Correct Emission Control Technology
- 2016 Energy and Sustainability Predictions Findings from Facilities Professionals
- Shifting the Focus from End-of-Life Recycling to Continuous Product Lifecycles
- Strategies for a Successful EHS&S Software Selection


text:
Gold CoastAustralia
May 6, 2014
Sounds like a real neat group of professionals
Go ahead make my day! Lol
I'm 40 young, ambitious and entrepreneurial my goal is to expand my network of friends and associates.
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text:
Knoxville, TN - "kosher restaurants" search results
About Kosher Restaurants
The local Kosher Restaurants are food establishments the majority of diners have never heard of until they realize it is the food of the Jewish people, prepared under strict Jewish dietary laws. Operating under rabbinical supervision, kosher foods require that Jewish laws such as kashrut be observed. Kosher foods must be prepared with laws and regulations concerning food derived from Biblical law. By following these laws, local Jewish Restaurants must be closed during Jewish holidays and Shabbat if owned by a Jewish person. Kosher diners are located in communities where there are large numbers of Jewish people with numerous choices, such as New York City and Toronto, Canada. The popular foods served at local Kosher Restaurants are pizzas and meat dishes filled with Middle East cuisine, bagels, or salads. Fish can be served but not with meat. Kosher Chinese food is common, serving mainly vegetarian, especially on Christmas day. Kosher Restaurants can be found in Israel, such as Kosher Burger Kings, Kosher KFC, Kosher McDonalds, and Kosher Sbarro franchises. In the United States, Kosher Restaurants are less common than in Israel, but Kosher Krispy Kreme, Kosher Dunkin Donuts, and Kosher Subway restaurants have modified menus in order to comply with Jewish dietary law. Baskin Robbins ice cream franchises are kosher in every one of their locations, with signs listing which flavors are not Kosher.
McDonald's Hamburger Restaurants
6901 Maynardville Pike, Knoxville, TN 37918(865) 922-4302 Write a review
Sisters Restaurants
2805 Maynardville Hwy, Maynardville, TN 37807(865) 992-3514 Write a review
McDonald's Hamburger Restaurants
2501 E Magnolia Ave, Knoxville, TN 37914(865) 523-2157 Write a review
Quiznos Sandwich Restaurants
6216 Asheville Hwy, Knoxville, TN 37924(865) 673-3222 Write a review
McDonald's Hamburger Restaurants
2812 E Magnolia Ave, Knoxville, TN 37914(865) 637-0267 Write a review
McDonalds Hamburger Restaurants
7402 Strawberry Plains Pi, Knoxville, TN 37924(865) 933-9500 Write a review
Copper Cellar Restaurants
7402 Strawberry Plains Pi, Knoxville, TN 37924(865) 522-3500 Write a review
Calhoun's Restaurants
7402 Strawberry Plains Pi, Knoxville, TN 37924(865) 673-3399 Write a review
Quiznos Sandwich Restaurants
1517 White Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916(865) 974-3573 Write a review
Taj Indian Restaurants
1700 Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916(865) 595-0818 Write a review
Jessies Market & Deli
3403 Miller Rd, Powell, TN 37849(865) 922-1575 Write a review
Papa John's Pizza
7020 Maynardville Pike , Knoxville, TN 37918(865) 922-7777
Click here to view the menu & order online!Write a review
Waffle House
7110 Maynardville Pike, Knoxville, TN 37918(865) 922-9592 Write a review
7550 Norris Fwy, Knoxville, TN 37938(865) 922-9752 Write a review
6725 Maynardville Highway , Knoxville, TN 37918(865) 922-8316
99 Root Beer Floats 8/8-8/12 2 pm - 5 pm!Write a review
Lasierra Mexican Restaurant
3330 Andersonville Hwy, Andersonville, TN 37705(865) 494-5500 Write a review
Don Jose Mexican Grill
7505 Tazewell Pike, Corryton, TN 37721(865) 247-0326 Write a review
Pit Stop Market & Deli
1650 Tazewell Pike, Corryton, TN 37721(865) 992-3100 Write a review
El Mariachi Mexican Restaurant
3502 Maynardville Hwy, Maynardville, TN 37807(865) 992-3200 Write a review


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When Journalism Can Kill
It also underlines just how important it is for journalists to act sensibly and responsibly. When they distort the truth, or report falsehoods, or reveal classified information, they are potentially putting people or reputations at risk. They bear a heavy responsibility, even if they don't always seem to appreciate it.
In the case of Robert Levinson, the AP failed miserably in this regard.
It is a media outlet that appears to have forgotten a basic truth about journalism: the pen is not only mightier than the sword, it can also prove far more lethal.Michael Freund
About the Author: Michael Freund is the Founder and Chairman of Shavei Israel. He writes a syndicated column and feature stories for the Jerusalem Post, Israel's leading English-language daily, and he previously served as Deputy Director of Communications & Policy Planning in the Prime Minister's Office under Benjamin Netanyahu. A native of New York, he holds an MBA in Finance from Columbia University and a BA from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.
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If you promote any foreign religions, gods or messiahs, lies about Israel, anti-Semitism, or advocate violence (except against terrorists), your permission to comment may be revoked.


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(LOS ANGELES, CA) -- Although Serenity is best known for taking it all off, the award-winning adult entertainer, star of Pornogothic, Love Shack, and XXX Training, jumped at the chance to help animals by putting her clothes on. She slipped into fake snakeskin chaps and a pleather corset for a photo shoot in Los Angeles to show the sizzling side of animal-free fashions.
"Dead animal skins make a person look cold," says Serenity. "With today's hot, stylish synthetics, it's easy to 'pleather yourself.'"
Much of the leather sold in the U.S. comes from overseas, where cows endure violent beatings and suffer wounds and broken bones from extreme overcrowding in transport trucks and where dog skin is marked "cowhide" for Western export purposes. In the U.S., a recent investigation into one of the nation's largest slaughterhouses, located in Seattle, showed cows being trampled, dragged, rammed in the head and mouth with electric prods, and dismembered, all while fully conscious. Snakes killed for their skins don't fare any better-they are often nailed to trees, fully conscious, so their skin can be sliced off their backs.
Serenity is debuting her new look on PleatherYourself.com. PETA's Shopping Guide to Nonleather Products, a free, wallet-size clothing guide to help you find everything from synthetic leather snowboarding boots to rubber biker jackets, is available by visiting the site or by calling 757-622-PETA.
Diesel Hits Anna Bell Peaks
Marica Hase Birthday Party
Are You an iDriver?
Sheri's Ranch Joint Venture
Allison Kilgore Returns
Exxxotica Dirty 30
Tera Patrick Available
Young Girl Auditions
Angela White US Resident
PSK Celebrates 13
CineKink Oakland 9/8
Skirt Club Party
Sex Workers Anthem
Fetish Con Party Schedule
Nadia Ali Interview
Freedom Acres Party
Porn Star by Herschel Savage
CatalystCon Sessions, Speakers
Naughty Massage
Ocean News from Lexi Love
Happy New Year 2016!
See Jack Napier
Merry XXXmas, Happy Xanukkah
Calvert Joins Gamelink
Richelle Ryan Naked Yoga
Sheri's Ranch Views Prostitutes
Candida Royalle Passes
Cleopatra Dead
Danger Builds Darth Vibrader
Vice is Nice Event
D Wise Fights for Life
Freedom Acres Anniversary Party
Girlfriends Celebrates Caitlyn Jenner
Welcome 2015!
Actress as an Artist
Pushed Into the Corner
Bright Lights, Lonely Nights
Halloween Art Show
Sex Workshop Hustler San Diego
Fake Test Results
CET Free Panel Month
TTS Welcomes Bobi & Jen
Cutting Edge Changes Staff
Next Day Test in LV
Condomless Sex
Fetish Con Dates
Gloria Leonard Memorial
Valentine's Tips
Kinky Valentine Cards
Dammit He's Dead
Death at Bunny Ranch
Sara Jay not Dead
Glory Stories Batts Fundraiser
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Fairvilla Movember Bash
Nadia Night Back From Rehab
Alex Gonz Hep C Statement
CSC Preserves AIDS Poster


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Dennis W Quillinan
Dennis Quillinan was born Sep 11,1869 Ireland married Francis McDonald in New York.The parents of Dennis are William Quillinan and Eliza McMahon both of Ireland. Dennis had one sister that we know of she was Norah Quillinan born Feb 6,1871 Ireland she married a Halsey.The children of Dennis and Francis were Edward born April 17,1894 New York Elizabeth born March 8,1899 New York married Charles Drago there were no children. Nora born Sept 16,1905 New York married Edward Cereghino. Thomas Aloysius born 1910 California. My grandma Mary Bridget Born 1900 New York married Victor Dailey. Dennis Paul born June 11,1902 New York Francis Born Sept 27,1907 California and James born May 7,1911 California. Dennis was a special Police officer for Southern Pacific RailRoad. We also found out that when Dennis lived in Ireland his last name was spelled McQuillinan when he came to the United States he change the spelling to Quillinan If anyone has any information one this family please contact me.
Thank you


text:
The 2015 political donations were out this week and they contained some numbers that should cause a bit of unease. It's not just the 2015 amounts that are of interest, it's the running totals as well. Since 2005, the B.C. Liberal party has raised more than $107.8 million -- $70.2 million of that from businesses and corporations.
Just thumb through the party's 2009 donor list for a sense of how widespread the practice of awarding contracts to friends has become. Back then, someone must have woke up on New Year's Day with one hell of a hangover -- not from the night before -- but from the bank balance in the B.C. Liberal party's account.
News that Premier Christy Clark has spent $500,000 on private jets since assuming office has -- not surprisingly -- raised a few eyebrows. It's a story that has as much to do with the symbolism as it does with the dollars. A political condition that the government seems increasingly tone deaf to as of late.
Riddle me this, Batman: if the formerly bankrupt Edgewater Casino's size and earning potential is capped at current levels, how is it going to manage the costs associated with a massive construction project on prime Vancouver real estate? We're all going to need Bruce Wayne's balance sheet--because the answer is that B.C. and Vancouver tax dollars will get this done through a series of obscure subsidies that will never be returned.
Legislative oversight is fundamental to good government. And with less and less of it, the government does more and more by decree. B.C. isn't well-served by that. In 2012, the B.C. legislature sat for 47 days. Among its numerous legislative duties: to debate and approve a $44-billion budget. Forty-seven days is simply insufficient to do that and everything else well.


text:
The Fuller Brush Man (Full Screen)
Red Skelton &
Janet Blair
S. Sylvan Simon
Sony Screen Classics by Request (series)
Starring: Red Skelton & Janet Blair Director: S. Sylvan Simon
|List Price:
|You Save:
|$9.01 (33% Off)
Available: Usually ships in 2-3 business days
Format: DVD-R
sku: SSC 39320D
DVD Features:
- Rated: Not Rated
- Run Time: 1 hours, 32 minutes
- Video: Black & White
- Released: December 6, 2011
- Originally Released: 1948
- Label: Sony Pictures Home
- Encoding: Region 0 (Worldwide)
- Audio:
- Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo
Performers, Cast and Crew:
|Red Skelton & Janet Blair
|Don McGuire, Hillary Brooke, Adele Jergens, Ross Ford, Trudy Marshall, Arthur Space, Donald Curtis & Janet Blair
|Directed by
|S. Sylvan Simon
|Edited by
|Al Clark
|Screenplay by
|Frank Tashlin & Devery Freeman
|Composition by
|Heinz Roemheld
|Cinematography by
|Lester White
|Art Direction by
|Carl Anderson & Stephen Goosson
|Story by
|Roy Huggins
|Produced by
|S. Sylvan Simon
|Executive Production by
|Edward Small
Description by OLDIES.com:
When Red Skelton was cast in this S. Sylvan Simon-directed comedy he'd already played the lead in MGM films and was nationally known on radio. Here, he plays the hapless door-to-door salesman of the title who becomes a prime suspect when one of his clients is murdered. Now, he and his girl (Janet Blair) have to outwit the murderer and the cops 'til they can prove he's innocent! If this all sounds familiar, Columbia released a similarly plotted picture just two years later, swapping another famous redhead into the lead -- Lucille Ball in The Fuller Brush Girl! But this is the original. Newly remastered.
Product Description:
Wacky Red Skelton gets involved in a murder while diligently (though unsuccessfully) pursuing a career as a door-to-door salesman. Classic slapstick.
Plot Synopsis:
Red Skelton is a timid street sweeper who, henpecked by his extravagant girlfriend, musters enough ambition to become a door-to-door salesman for the Fuller Brush company. But the goof doesn't have much success in this arena either, and gets tangled up in a high society murder. Don't worry, he'll solve the crime... somehow!
Production Notes:
- An Edward Small production.
- Additional cast credits include: Roger Moore (Detective Foster); Billy Jones (Herman); Jimmy Lloyd (Chauffeur); Jimmy Logan (Butler)
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text:
Technology has enabled us to reach out to customers in ways we never could before. We have detailed reports covering what individual customers do, how they interact with our companies (over multiple channels), and if they're on our Web site at this very moment (and if so, what they're looking at). Yet our CRM (define) strategies haven't evolved along with the technology. With great technological power comes an even greater customer contact strategy responsibility.
I'm Fine, Now Shut Up
A few months ago I was in a holdeverything store in Manhattan. A greeter met me at the front door and asked, "How are you today?"
"I'm fine," I replied.
A few moments later a woman entered the store. After receiving the same greeting, she replied, "I'm fine," happy to think someone actually cared about her day. She started walking around the store.
The first salesperson she encountered asked, "How are you doing today?"
"I'm fine, thanks," she replied.
As she wandered through the store, she encountered another salesperson. "How are you today?"
"I'm fine," she replied.
Then another one. "Good morning! How are you?"
"I'm fine, thanks," she said. With each interaction, she got increasingly annoyed. When she walked by the next salesperson, she said "I'M FINE," before he even asked. Finally, she said, "Please stop asking me how I am. I AM FINE. OK?" She left the store feeling frustrated and violated (at least, that's how it looked to me). The salespeople laughed as she left, saying, "Geez, we were only being friendly."
On paper, I'm sure it was a good idea. "Be friendly to customers when you interact with them. If you make eye contact, engage them in dialogue. Ask them how they are." In reality, customer contact needs to be a little more carefully planned. If greeters want to ask someone how she is, fine. That's their job. Everyone else should be cordial and respond to questions, but don't violate a customer's personal space. And don't interact with people in artificial ways when you really don't care about them. Instead, make yourself available to help if they clearly aren't finding what they need.
Big Brother Is Watching
Things are heading in that direction in the online world. I once complimented a site, branders.com, because it assigns a sales representative to you when you create an online account. That person's name and phone number appears on every site page, encouraging you to call or send an email to that rep to ask questions. It's a terrific multichannel customer service experience.
Things have taken a turn for the worse. I'm not sure if it's company guidelines or simply the will of my current representative, but I'm being smothered by customer service. Every time I log in to the site to look at products, I get a phone call from my sales rep within an hour. Sometimes she emails me. It's almost a joke at this point. I'm afraid even to visit the site. I sometimes browse it anonymously just so she won't call me. Over the weekend, I looked at new products to buy for my company (the site sells branded products like pens or USB drives with our company logo on it). Sure enough, I got an email that same day from my sales rep. In the most ironic twist I can imagine, she just called me on the phone as I was typing this paragraph. I almost wanted to tell her I was writing this column, but I didn't. I wanted to ask if her customer contact strategy was of her own design, or if the company had guidelines for how often (and when) to contact someone.
Travel Safely
On the other hand, Travelocity is pursuing a good customer contact strategy. Like branders.com, it also has technology that enables it to know when users log on to its site, when they store itineraries, and (obviously) when they book trips. As a constant traveler, I've seen many of its email campaigns and I'm impressed with them. Travelocity has a terrific browsing-based email marketing strategy.
If I save an itinerary but don't yet book it, it sends information about the location I looked at. It doesn't offer special deals. It just tells me what relevant deals it currently has. This is good because if it offered special discounts, it'd be training users to wait for deals before they book. (This is why "Abandoned Cart" discounts are bad for business in the long term.)
Once a trip is booked, Travelocity sends more location information. Instead of travel deals (it's already booked), it sends "around the town" information with coupons to local events, restaurant listing, and other things I can do while there. This helps the company increase share of wallet among its customers and is a great outreach to communities that are more than happy to get ancillary business through it. It also helps position Travelocity as a trusted advisor, using education and knowledge as CRM tools.
Reaching Out Is Great. Just Be Careful
It's fantastic to really understand our customers. We can track their behavior and provide information that's relevant, timely, and important. But there's an art to that science. We need business rules that don't smother our customers with customer service. Some companies (like two of those mentioned above) actually drive away customers because of their customer service.
Comments, thoughts? Let me know.
Until next time…
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KINGSTON-- A member of the New York Army National Guard's 204th Engineer Battalion finishes the demolition of the old King's Inn motel here on Dec. 6. The 204th Engineer Battalion tore down part of the eyesore so that the location could be used for an emergency response drill on Nov. 5. Battalion Soldiers were on the location this week to finish the demolition. The city plans to redevelop the site.
DMNA Press Releases
NY National Guard In the News
My Twin Tiers.com -- Mon, 26 Sep 2016 NYS Citizen Preparedness Corps Training Program Governor Andrew Cuomo, State Senator Thomas O'Mara, Assemblyman Christopher Friend and Elmira Mayor Daniel Mandell invite you to participate in the New York State Citizens Preparedness Training... (more)
Associated Press -- Mon, 26 Sep 2016 Lincoln casket replica on display at Saratoga museum SARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. (AP) A replica of President Abraham Lincoln's casket is on display at a museum in Saratoga Springs.
Lohud.com -- Sun, 25 Sep 2016 Brush Fire Burns in Camp Smith Area CORTLANDT - Firefighters spent more than seven hours battling a brush fire that spread to about three acres near the Camp Smith military reservation Sunday afternoon.


text:
Photo Gallery
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Verna Bloom was born on August 7, 1939 in Lynn, Massachusetts, USA. She is an actress, known for High Plains Drifter (1973), After Hours (1985) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1988). See full bio »
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text:
28 October 2000
La folie française
THIS week, Britain's official inquiry into the BSE epidemic releases its
verdict. But as Britain analyses its mistakes, France may be repeating them.
While there has been a dramatic increase in French BSE cases reported this
year, tests on cattle show the true number may be far higher. Meanwhile, up to
five people in France have already succumbed to vCJD, the human form of BSE.
So far this year, France has had 48 confirmed cases of mad cow disease. But
last year the European Union told member states to test for BSE in cattle not
visibly ill with the disease, to see how much unsuspected infection might be
France has started testing high-risk cattle found dead or destroyed for other
reasons. "Because of the low number of clinical cases, they expected to find
only one or two infected in 40,000 tests," says Markus Moser of Prionics, the
Zurich-based company that makes the prion test that France is using. Instead, 25
of the first 15,000 tested harboured BSE. This means that the total number of
high-risk cattle carrying BSE could be six times the number of cases reported
this year.
In contrast, when Switzerland tested all such high-risk cattle last year, it
discovered the same number were carrying BSE as had been reported sick with the
disease that year
(New Scientist, 4 December 1999, p 11).
The initial results from the tests suggest that BSE infection is more
widespread in French cows than official numbers indicate, suggesting massive
under-reporting of cases. The number of reported BSE cases in France has risen
steadily since 1997, when six were ...


text:
In the company of effective psychopaths
Recent research by Australian psychologists does not assert that all bosses are devils wearing Prada, but a good 20% — one in five — could well be.
80 companies apply to be virtual telcos
Sources told TOI that 70 companies have expressed interest in procuring MVNO licence at the district-...
Number of chronically stressed companies rise: Credit Suisse
An interest coverage ratio of below 1 means the company is not generating enough...
Devil is in the details of companies' balance sheets
Assets include plants and machinery , inventories, properties, cash, any receivables. Liabilities include borrowings, amount payable for services received or tax.
Solar companies, landowners going for leasing mode
As part of the agreement landowners are receiving a lump-sum amount of at least Rs 1 lakh per acre per year from the project developers for the lease period.
Taxi aggregators, ecommerce companies must register for GST
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Knackwurst (German pronunciation: [ˈknakˌvʊʁst] ( listen)) (in North America spelled knockwurst ( listen (help·info))) refers to a sausage type of northern German origin from the mid-16th century. The manifold available varieties depend on the geographical region of their production.
Knockwurst in the US[edit]
In North America, a Knockwurst refers to a short, plump sausage originating from northern Germany. They contain ground veal, ground pork, and fresh garlic stuffed into hog casings.[1]
As part of the production process, the sausages are aged for two to five days, then smoked over oak wood. Knockwurst is often prepared highly seasoned.[2]
Knockwurst is sometimes cut in half lengthwise for preparation[3] for example, when served on a Sailor sandwich.[4]
Knackwurst in Germany[edit]
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (March 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
In Germany, there are numerous variations of Knackwurst. Moreover, they all differ from Knackwurst in Austria.
As a specialty in Hamburg, brewed Knackwurst served with mustard and half a slice of unroasted toast bread is a popular snack for lunch. It is also sold at the Hamburger Dom, the largest Volksfest in northern Germany, under various names like Domknacker, Hamburger Knacker, or Hafenlümmel (literally: harbour tyke).[5]
Etymology and pronunciation[edit]
The German noun Knackwurst—which, in English, is sometimes corrupted as knockwurst—comes from the German verb knacken ( listen (help·info)) ("to crack") or the adjective knackig ( listen (help·info)) ("crisp"). This refers to the swelling of the sausage during the process of cooking, so that the skin becomes pressurized and balloon-like, and tends to "pop," often exploding the juices, when bitten into (authentic example: listen (help·info)). The term ″Knackwurst″ came up in Germany the middle of the 16th century.[6] In Germany, all different kinds of Knackwürste are abbreviated Knacker ( listen (help·info)).[7]
See also[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Knackwurst.
- ^ "Knackwurst Recipe". Ichef.com. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
- ^ Koch, Hermann; Fuchs, Martin: Die Fabrikation feiner Fleisch- und Wurstwaren. Ed. 22. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt/Main, 2009. ISBN 978-3-86641-187-6.
- ^ "German Potato Salad with Knockwurst". Rachael Ray Show. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "knockwurst". leniandviv.com. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ Product description on the website of Salzbrenner Hamburg, retrieved on March 17th, 2016.
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (Ed.): Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 24., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-11-017473-1, P. 501.
- ^ Ulrich Ammon, Rhea Kyvelos, Regula Nyffenegger (Ed.): Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 3110165740, P. 417 - section "Knackwurst"