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Finding toxicological information: An approach for occupational health professionals
Laamanen, Irja
Verbeek, Jos
Franco, Giuliano
Lehtola, Marika
Luotamo, Marita
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England)
It can be difficult for occupational health professionals to assess which toxicological databases available on the Internet are the most useful for answering their questions. Therefore we evaluated toxicological databases for their ability to answer practical questions about exposure and prevention. We also propose recommended practices for searching for toxicological properties of chemicals.
We used a systematic search to find databases available on the Internet. Our criteria for the databases were the following: has a search engine, includes factual information on toxic and hazardous chemicals harmful for human health, and is free of charge. We developed both a qualitative and a quantitative rating method, which was used by four independent assessors to determine appropriateness, the quality of content, and ease of use of the database. Final ratings were based on a consensus of at least two evaluators.
Out of 822 results we found 21 databases that met our inclusion criteria. Out of these 21 databases 14 are administered in the US, five in Europe, one in Australia, and one in Canada. Nine are administered by a governmental organization. No database achieved the maximum score of 27. The databases GESTIS, ESIS, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, TOXNET and NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards all scored more than 20 points. The following approach was developed for occupational health professionals searching for the toxicological properties of chemicals: start with the identity of the chemical; then search for health hazards, exposure route and measurement; next the limit values; and finally look for the preventive measures.
A rating system of toxicological databases to assess their value for occupational health professionals discriminated well between databases in terms of their appropriateness, quality of information, and ease of use. Several American and European databases yielded high scores and provide a valuable source for occupational health professionals.
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A carbamate insecticide: a case study of aldicarb.
Baron, R L
Environmental Health Perspectives
1994;102(Suppl 11):23-27.
Aldicarb, the active ingredient in the insecticide TEMIK, was introduced to the agricultural community over 25 years ago. It has been registered worldwide to control a wide variety of insect, mite, and nematode pests in agriculture. The toxicological research database supporting the registration and use of aldicarb was generated over more than 25 years and contains more than 280 animal studies on 12 species of animals, 2 clinical human trials, and over 20 human monitoring studies. This database, which includes biochemical aspects (metabolism and mode-of-action studies), acute toxicity and special short-term toxicity studies, long-term toxicity studies, and epidemiological observations in humans, serves as the starting point for the evaluation of the risks associated with the acceptance of levels of aldicarb residues in food and drinking water and for the more direct occupational exposure. This article highlights the available toxicological data and reviews worldwide regulation of aldicarb. Included in these discussions is a brief description of the toxicological end point upon which regulatory decisions have been based, namely acetylcholinesterase depression. Aldicarb, the N-methylcarbamic acid ester of 2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde oxime, was the first of a limited group of insecticidal oxime N-methylcarbamates that have properties distinct from N-methylcarbamates which have a phenolic constituent, instead of the oxime moiety. Aldicarb is highly water-soluble (approximately 6000 ppm), nonvolatile, relatively stable under acidic conditions, and is easily degraded under alkaline conditions. These properties are important determinants of its systemic action in plants and of its problematic environmental behavior. Possible environmental hazards involving the chemical include groundwater contamination and (more recently) excessive terminal residues in certain foods.
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Occupational safety and health criteria for responsible development of nanotechnology
Schulte, P. A.
Geraci, C. L.
Murashov, V.
Kuempel, E. D.
Zumwalde, R. D.
Castranova, V.
Hoover, M. D.
Hodson, L.
Martinez, K. F.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Organizations around the world have called for the responsible development of nanotechnology. The goals of this approach are to emphasize the importance of considering and controlling the potential adverse impacts of nanotechnology in order to develop its capabilities and benefits. A primary area of concern is the potential adverse impact on workers, since they are the first people in society who are exposed to the potential hazards of nanotechnology. Occupational safety and health criteria for defining what constitutes responsible development of nanotechnology are needed. This article presents five criterion actions that should be practiced by decision–makers at the business and societal levels—if nanotechnology is to be developed responsibly. These include (1) anticipate, identify, and track potentially hazardous nanomaterials in the workplace; (2) assess workers' exposures to nanomaterials; (3) assess and communicate hazards and risks to workers; (4) manage occupational safety and health risks; and (5) foster the safe development of nanotechnology and realization of its societal and commercial benefits. All these criteria are necessary for responsible development to occur. Since it is early in the commercialization of nanotechnology, there are still many unknowns and concerns about nanomaterials. Therefore, it is prudent to treat them as potentially hazardous until sufficient toxicology, and exposure data are gathered for nanomaterial-specific hazard and risk assessments. In this emergent period, it is necessary to be clear about the extent of uncertainty and the need for prudent actions.
Risk assessment; Ethics; Risk management; Regulation; Toxicology; Environmental and health effects
Related Articles
Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review
Rim, Kyung Taek
Koo, Kwon Ho
Park, Jung Sun
Safety and Health at Work
In concert with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies of these materials has been increasing. These new materials include a group of rare earths (RE). The use of RE nanotechnology is being considered in some green applications, to increase their efficiency by using nano-sized RE compounds, and therefore hazard evaluation and risk assessment are highly recommended. This review was conducted through an extensive contemplation of the literatures in toxicology with in vitro and in vivo studies. Major aspects reviewed were the toxicological evaluations of these elements and metallic compounds at the molecular and cellular level, animal and human epidemiological studies and environmental and occupational health impacts on workers. We also discuss the future prospect of industries with appliances using RE together with the significance of preventive efforts for workers' health. To establish a safe and healthy working environment for RE industries, the use of biomarkers is increasing to provide sustainable measure, due to demand for information about the health risks from unfavorable exposures. Given the recent toxicological results on the exposure of cells, animals and workers to RE compounds, it is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health. This will help to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.
Rare earths; Toxicology; Environmental health; Occupational health
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Fialuridine Induces Acute Liver Failure in Chimeric TK-NOG Mice: A Model for Detecting Hepatic Drug Toxicity Prior to Human Testing
Xu, Dan
Nishimura, Toshi
Nishimura, Sachiko
Zhang, Haili
Zheng, Ming
Guo, Ying-Ying
Masek, Marylin
Michie, Sara A.
Glenn, Jeffrey
Peltz, Gary
PLoS Medicine
Gary Peltz, Jeffrey Glenn, and colleagues report that a pre-clinical mouse toxicology model can detect liver toxicity of a drug that caused liver failure in several early clinical trial participants in 1993.
Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Seven of 15 clinical trial participants treated with a nucleoside analogue (fialuridine [FIAU]) developed acute liver failure. Five treated participants died, and two required a liver transplant. Preclinical toxicology studies in mice, rats, dogs, and primates did not provide any indication that FIAU would be hepatotoxic in humans. Therefore, we investigated whether FIAU-induced liver toxicity could be detected in chimeric TK-NOG mice with humanized livers.
Methods and Findings
Control and chimeric TK-NOG mice with humanized livers were treated orally with FIAU 400, 100, 25, or 2.5 mg/kg/d. The response to drug treatment was evaluated by measuring plasma lactate and liver enzymes, by assessing liver histology, and by electron microscopy. After treatment with FIAU 400 mg/kg/d for 4 d, chimeric mice developed clinical and serologic evidence of liver failure and lactic acidosis. Analysis of liver tissue revealed steatosis in regions with human, but not mouse, hepatocytes. Electron micrographs revealed lipid and mitochondrial abnormalities in the human hepatocytes in FIAU-treated chimeric mice. Dose-dependent liver toxicity was detected in chimeric mice treated with FIAU 100, 25, or 2.5 mg/kg/d for 14 d. Liver toxicity did not develop in control mice that were treated with the same FIAU doses for 14 d. In contrast, treatment with another nucleotide analogue (sofosbuvir 440 or 44 mg/kg/d po) for 14 d, which did not cause liver toxicity in human trial participants, did not cause liver toxicity in mice with humanized livers.
FIAU-induced liver toxicity could be readily detected using chimeric TK-NOG mice with humanized livers, even when the mice were treated with a FIAU dose that was only 10-fold above the dose used in human participants. The clinical features, laboratory abnormalities, liver histology, and ultra-structural changes observed in FIAU-treated chimeric mice mirrored those of FIAU-treated human participants. The use of chimeric mice in preclinical toxicology studies could improve the safety of candidate medications selected for testing in human participants.
Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Editors' Summary
Before new drugs are approved for clinical use, they undergo extensive preclinical (laboratory-based) and clinical testing. In the preclinical studies, scientists investigate the causes of diseases, identify potential new drugs, and test promising drug candidates in animals. Animal testing is performed to determine whether the new drug is likely to work, and to screen for drug-induced toxicity. In preclinical toxicology studies, new drugs are given to two or more animal species to find out whether the drug has any short- or long-term toxic effects such as damage to the liver (hepatotoxicity). Drugs that pass these animal tests enter clinical trials. Phase I clinical trials test new drugs in a handful of healthy volunteers or patients to evaluate their safety and to identify possible side effects. In phase II trials, a larger group of patients receives the new drug to evaluate its safety further and to get an initial idea of its effectiveness. Finally, in phase III trials, very large groups of patients are randomly assigned to receive the new drug or an established treatment for their disease. These randomized controlled trials provide detailed information about the effectiveness and safety of a candidate drug, and must be completed before a drug can be approved for clinical use.
Why Was This Study Done?
Since animals are not perfect models for people, candidate drugs can cause toxicities in clinical trials that were not predicted by preclinical toxicology testing performed using animal species. For example, in 1993, 15 participants in a phase II trial were given a nucleoside analogue called fialuridine to treat hepatitis B virus infection (nucleoside analogues often have antiviral activity). Seven participants developed liver failure and lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood). Analysis of liver tissue from the affected participants revealed steatosis (fatty degeneration), intracellular fat droplets, and swollen mitochondria (these organelles are the powerhouses of the cell). Five participants subsequently died, and two had to have a liver transplant. In preclinical toxicology testing in mice, rats, dogs, and primates, there had been no indications that fialuridine would be hepatotoxic in people. It now seems that the expression of a nucleoside transporter in the mitochondria of humans but not of other animals may underlie the human-specific mitochondrial toxicity and hepatotoxicity of fialuridine. With several other nucleoside analogues in development, a better screening tool for human-specific mitochondrial toxicity is needed. In this study, the researchers investigate whether fialuridine toxicity can be detected in TK-NOG mice with chimeric (humanized) livers. TK-NOG mice are immunodeficient mice that have been genetically engineered so that human liver cells (hepatocytes) transplanted into these animals establish a long-lived mature "human organ."
What Did the Researchers Do and Find?
The researchers treated chimeric (with transplanted human liver cells) and control (without transplanted human liver cells) TK-NOG mice with several doses of fialuridine. After treatment with the highest dose (1,600-fold above the dose used in the phase II trial) for four days, the chimeric mice developed liver failure and lactic acidosis. Moreover, steatosis and lipid and mitochondrial abnormalities developed in the regions of their livers that contained human hepatocytes but not in regions that contained mouse hepatocytes. Notably, the control mice had not developed liver toxicity after 14 days of treatment with the highest dose of drug. Liver toxicity was also easily detectable in chimeric mice that had been treated for 14 days with a fialuridine dose only 10-fold above that used in the human trial. Treatment with another nucleoside analogue that does not cause liver toxicity in people did not cause liver toxicity in the chimeric mice.
What Do These Findings Mean?
These findings show that fialuridine-induced liver toxicity can be readily detected using TK-NOG mice that have humanized livers at drug doses only 10-fold higher than those that caused liver failure in the phase II trial. Although the liver toxicity developed much more quickly in these mice than in the human trial participants, the clinical features, laboratory abnormalities, and structural changes seen in the fialuridine-treated chimeric TK-NOG mice closely mirrored those seen in fialuridine-treated people. The use of TK-NOG mice containing humanized livers in toxicology testing will not reveal whether drugs have human-specific toxicities outside the liver. Since they are highly immunocompromised, chimeric TK-NOG mice cannot be used to detect immune-mediated drug toxicities. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that the use of chimeric mice in toxicology studies could help improve the safety of candidate drugs that are tested in humans.
Additional Information
Please access these websites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001628.
The US Food and Drug Administration, the body that approves drugs for clinical use in the US, provides an overview for patients about the drug development process from the laboratory to the clinic
The UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) provides more detailed information for patients and the public about the drug development process, including a section on preclinical research, which includes information on animal testing
The US National Institutes of Health provides information about clinical trials, including personal stories from people who have taken part in clinical trials
The UK National Health Service Choices website has information for patients about clinical trials and medical research, including personal stories about participation in clinical trials
Understanding Animal Research is a UK advocacy group that provides information about the importance of animal research to the public, teachers, scientists, journalists, and policy makers
Wikipedia has a page on animal testing (note that Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit; available in several languages)
Related Articles
Health effects research and regulation of diesel exhaust: an historical overview focused on lung cancer risk
Hesterberg, Thomas W.
Long, Christopher M.
Bunn, William B.
Lapin, Charles A.
McClellan, Roger O.
Valberg, Peter A.
Inhalation Toxicology
The mutagenicity of organic solvent extracts from diesel exhaust particulate (DEP), first noted more than 55 years ago, initiated an avalanche of diesel exhaust (DE) health effects research that now totals more than 6000 published studies. Despite an extensive body of results, scientific debate continues regarding the nature of the lung cancer risk posed by inhalation of occupational and environmental DE, with much of the debate focused on DEP. Decades of scientific scrutiny and increasingly stringent regulation have resulted in major advances in diesel engine technologies. The changed particulate matter (PM) emissions in "New Technology Diesel Exhaust (NTDE)" from today's modern low-emission, advanced-technology on-road heavy-duty diesel engines now resemble the PM emissions in contemporary gasoline engine exhaust (GEE) and compressed natural gas engine exhaust more than those in the "traditional diesel exhaust" (TDE) characteristic of older diesel engines. Even with the continued publication of epidemiologic analyses of TDE-exposed populations, this database remains characterized by findings of small increased lung cancer risks and inconsistent evidence of exposure-response trends, both within occupational cohorts and across occupational groups considered to have markedly different exposures (e.g. truckers versus railroad shopworkers versus underground miners). The recently published National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-National Cancer Institute (NCI) epidemiologic studies of miners provide some of the strongest findings to date regarding a DE-lung cancer association, but some inconsistent exposure-response findings and possible effects of bias and exposure misclassification raise questions regarding their interpretation. Laboratory animal studies are negative for lung tumors in all species, except for rats under lifetime TDE-exposure conditions with durations and concentrations that lead to'lung overload."The species specificity of the rat lung response to overload, and its occurrence with other particle types, is now well-understood. It is thus generally accepted that the rat bioassay for inhaled particles under conditions of lung overload is not predictive of human lung cancer hazard. Overall, despite an abundance of epidemiologic and experimental data, there remain questions as to whether TDE exposure causes increased lung cancers in humans. An abundance of emissions characterization data, as well as preliminary toxicological data, support NTDE as being toxicologically distinct from TDE. Currently, neither epidemiologic data nor animal bioassay data yet exist that directly bear on NTDE carcinogenic potential. A chronic bioassay of NTDE currently in progress will provide data on whether NTDE poses a carcinogenic hazard, but based on the significant reductions in PM mass emissions and the major changes in PM composition, it has been hypothesized that NTDE has a low carcinogenic potential. When the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reevaluates DE (along with GEE and nitroarenes) in June 2012, it will be the first authoritative body to assess DE carcinogenic health hazards since the emergence of NTDE and the accumulation of data differentiating NTDE from TDE.
Diesel exhaust; diesel emissions; lung cancer; new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE); epidemiology; mechanism; lung overload; elemental carbon; particulate matter; diesel particulate filter (DPF)
Related Articles
AB 9. Health management of occupational diseases challenge for the bulgarian economy and public health
Filippidou, Elisabeth-Christina
Lyubomirova, Karolina
Tzacheva, Nevena
Journal of Thoracic Disease
2012;4(Suppl 1):AB9.
In 2001 a National Registry of Occupational Diseases was founded in Bulgaria which introduced a new system of reporting and recording Occupational illness into practice. In 2009 more than 400,000 people in Bulgaria were recorded with permanent disability, a lot of them representing victims of Occupational illness or injury. The intention of our present study was to analyze the frequency and type of different Occupational diseases over the last decade, and to determine which types of employment represent the greatest Occupational hazards to the employees' health and safety.
Patients and methods
A detailed and thorough record of patients with Occupational illnesses was collected by experts for the mentioned time frame. An analysis of the health information was conducted and the characteristics and hazards at the work place were identified. The type and frequency of different Occupational illnesses were investigated and the Occupational Hazards and their effects on employment were determined.
From 1998 until 2008 the number of Occupational diseases in Bulgaria increased especially in specific areas of employment. Musculoskeletal diseases and peripheral nerve-damage caused by exposure to hazardous substances at the workplace represent 55% of all cases. While respiratory diseases (like chronic bronchitis, COPD and bronchiectasis) and diseases caused by noise and vibrations comprise 22% and 12% of cases, accordingly.
The number of patients with permanent disability in Bulgaria is extremely high - which is unacceptable from the medical, social and economic point of view. This is the result of changes of Occupational dynamics (the aging work-population, immigration) and unfavorable work conditions at a time of economic transition. Contributory are also changes of law and practice of Occupational Medicine as well as insufficient training and information of employees about Occupational health and safety. It is important to improve the training of Occupational Physicians which will facilitate preventative and early diagnostic measures of Occupational illnesses and thus substantially contribute to the improvement of Occupational conditions especially regarding serious Occupational hazards. This process needs to be well coordinated and in collaboration with all the parties responsible for the Occupational Health and Safety of employees. (This study was sponsored by "Proekt GRANT" 2012, of the Medical University of Sofia - Bulgaria.)
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Primary prevention and precaution in hazard identification in the NIEHS/NTP: body in the morgue approach.
Moure-Eraso, Rafael
Public Health Reports
In the spirit of stimulating reevaluation of the methods of public health science, this article explores the methods of cancer hazard identification at the National Toxicology Program (NTP) from the perspective of primary prevention and precaution. The NTP is a cooperative effort of three federal agencies: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, the lead government institute); the National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOSH), in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Center for Toxicology Research (NCTR), in the Food and Drug Administration. NTP coordinates toxicological research and testing programs within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and through its annual Report on Carcinogens (RoC), identifies and characterizes cancer hazards-the first step in quantitative risk assessment-for the federal government. The foundation of NIEHS policies, for environmental health research, is quantitative risk assessment (QRA). The author examines the opportunities for primary prevention and precaution, and the extent to which the policies of NIEHS in general, and the NTP in particular, do and do not realize that potential. Special attention is paid to the issue of cancer hazard identification. Critical comments on the process of classifying carcinogens in the Ninth and Tenth Reports on Carcinogens are presented, based on the minutes of the Board of Scientific Counselors Subcommittee meetings.
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Toxicological Properties of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate
Sanderson, D. M.
Edson, E. F.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine
The results are presented of extensive toxicological studies on the systemic organophosphate insecticide dimethoate, and compared with published results from other laboratories. It behaves as a typical indirect anticholinesterase, by conversion in the liver to at least four short-lived active metabolites, whose hydrolysis products are rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. The acute oral toxicity of dimethoate is low in mammals but higher in avians. Dermal absorption is notably slow and dermal toxicity correspondingly low. Cumulative dosing of rats and guinea-pigs gave no cholinesterase inhibition at 0·7 and 4 mg./kg./day respectively. Dietary feeding to growing rats caused no cholinesterase inhibition at 0·5 mg./kg./day and no other effect at 10 times this dose. The main plant metabolite is identical with one formed in the liver, and comparative feeding tests with normal dimethoate and that partly metabolized in vegetation showed that residue analysis determined total hazard. Tests on humans, some with 32P-labelled material, confirmed that metabolism and urinary excretion are very rapid, that skin absorption is very slow, and that at least 2·5 mg., and probably up to 18 mg., could be ingested daily for at least three weeks without cholinesterase inhibition or other effects. Vapour hazards proved negligible. Oral toxicity was not potentiated by any of 17 other insecticides. The earliest detectable effect of dimethoate poisoning was always erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition. Symptoms of poisoning could be effectively treated by atropine but not by oxime therapy. No known cases of occupational poisoning have occurred during five years' commercial usage of dimethoate.
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Drug delivery and nanoparticles: Applications and hazards
De Jong, Wim H
Borm, Paul JA
International Journal of Nanomedicine
The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs and up to recently did not realize that carrier systems themselves may impose risks to the patient. The kind of hazards that are introduced by using nanoparticles for drug delivery are beyond that posed by conventional hazards imposed by chemicals in classical delivery matrices. For nanoparticles the knowledge on particle toxicity as obtained in inhalation toxicity shows the way how to investigate the potential hazards of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter differs from toxicology of substances as the composing chemical(s) may or may not be soluble in biological matrices, thus influencing greatly the potential exposure of various internal organs. This may vary from a rather high local exposure in the lungs and a low or neglectable exposure for other organ systems after inhalation. However, absorbed species may also influence the potential toxicity of the inhaled particles. For nanoparticles the situation is different as their size opens the potential for crossing the various biological barriers within the body. From a positive viewpoint, especially the potential to cross the blood brain barrier may open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. In addition, the nanosize also allows for access into the cell and various cellular compartments including the nucleus. A multitude of substances are currently under investigation for the preparation of nanoparticles for drug delivery, varying from biological substances like albumin, gelatine and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a chemical nature like various polymers and solid metal containing nanoparticles. It is obvious that the potential interaction with tissues and cells, and the potential toxicity, greatly depends on the actual composition of the nanoparticle formulation. This paper provides an overview on some of the currently used systems for drug delivery. Besides the potential beneficial use also attention is drawn to the questions how we should proceed with the safety evaluation of the nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery. For such testing the lessons learned from particle toxicity as applied in inhalation toxicology may be of use. Although for pharmaceutical use the current requirements seem to be adequate to detect most of the adverse effects of nanoparticle formulations, it can not be expected that all aspects of nanoparticle toxicology will be detected. So, probably additional more specific testing would be needed.
drug delivery; cancer therapy; nanoparticles; toxicology; pharmaceuticals
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Toxicogenomic profiling of chemically exposed humans in risk assessment
McHale, Cliona M.
Zhang, Luoping
Hubbard, Alan E.
Smith, Martyn T.
Mutation research
Gene-environment interactions contribute to complex disease development. The environmental contribution, in particular low-level and prevalent environmental exposures, may constitute much of the risk and contribute substantially to disease. Systematic risk evaluation of the majority of human chemical exposures, has not been conducted and is a goal of regulatory agencies in the U.S. and worldwide. With the recent recognition that toxicological approaches more predictive of effects in humans are required for risk assessment, in vitro human cell line data as well as animal data are being used to identify toxicity mechanisms that can be translated into biomarkers relevant to human exposure studies. In this review, we discuss how data from toxicogenomic studies of exposed human populations can inform risk assessment, by generating biomarkers of exposure, early effect, and/or susceptibility, elucidating mechanisms of action underlying exposure-related disease, and detecting response at low doses. Good experimental design incorporating precise, individual exposure measurements, phenotypic anchors (pre-disease or traditional toxicological markers), and a range of relevant exposure levels, is necessary. Further, toxicogenomic studies need to be designed with sufficient power to detect true effects of the exposure. As more studies are performed and incorporated into databases such as the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS), data can be mined for classification of newly tested chemicals (hazard identification), and, for investigating the dose-response, inter-relationship among, genes, environment and disease in a systems biology approach (risk characterization).
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Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions.
Mauderly, J L
Environmental Health Perspectives
1994;102(Suppl 4):165-171.
Information from toxicological and epidemiological studies of the cancer and noncancer health risks from inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DE) and gasoline engine exhaust (GE) was reviewed. The toxicological database is more extensive for DE than for GE. Animal studies have shown that heavy, chronic exposures to both DE and GE can cause lung pathology and associated physiological effects. Inhaled GE has not been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Chronically inhaled DE at high concentrations is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats, but the response is questionable in mice and negative in Syrian hamsters. The response in rats is probably not attributable to the DE soot-associated organic compounds, as previously assumed, and the usefulness of the rat data for predicting risk in humans is uncertain. Experimental human exposures to DE show that lung inflammatory and other cellular effects can occur after single exposures, and sparse data suggest that occupational exposures might affect respiratory function and symptoms. Epidemiology suggests that heavy occupational exposures to exhaust probably increase the risks for mortality from both lung cancer and noncancer pulmonary disease. The small magnitudes of the increases in these risks make the studies very sensitive to confounding factors and uncertainties of exposure; thus, it may not be possible to resolve exposure-response relationships conclusively by epidemiology. Our present knowledge suggests that heavy occupational exposures to DE and GE are hazardous but does not allow quantitative estimates of risk with a high degree of certainty.
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Lead toxicity: from overt to subclinical to subtle health effects.
Goyer, R A
Environmental Health Perspectives
Although the toxicity of lead was recognized centuries ago, concern was restricted to overt symptoms: colic, encephalopathy, anemia, or renal disease. Two major reasons for lack of progress in restricting toxicity were that interest was limited to occupational exposures and there was lack of awareness of specific biochemical or metabolic effects. Identification of subclinical effects has been possible the last 15 or 20 years because of the development of sensitive measures to detect cognitive and behavioral changes that are not apparent clinically and because of methods to measure the reduced activity of heme enzymes. This progress was driven by basic and clinical research that resulted in a better understanding of cellular toxicology. The new awareness prompted the lowering of acceptable occupational exposures, as measured by blood lead from 80 to 40 to 60 micrograms/dL range, and the establishment of maximum recommended exposures in children to a blood lead level of 25 micrograms/dL. Lowering the lead content in gasoline has been accomplished by a nearly 50% decrease in average blood levels of persons in the United States (NHANES II data). Current research implicates lead as a contributing etiologic factor in a number of common diseases affecting large portions of the population such as subtle cognitive and neurological deficits, hypertension, congenital malformations, immunotoxicity, and deficits in growth and development. For each of these disorders there may be multiple etiologic factors; the scientific challenge is to develop sensitive methodology to detect the specific role of lead. Other potential subtle health effects include the influence of small amounts of lead on cell proliferation and lead as a cofactor in carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service: A Physician's Resource in Toxicology and Occupational Medicine
Hooper, Kim
Western Journal of Medicine
Hazard evaluation is an emerging science. The Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service (HESIS), part of California's program in preventive occupational health, is a resource for clinicians who wish to stay abreast of the relationship between toxicology and occupational health. For example, advances in assays for cancer or reproductive effects in test animals enable us to identify with greater confidence significant cancer or reproductive hazards among the increasing variety of workplace exposures. Occupational experiences with dibromochloropropane (DBCP), Kepone, bis(chloromethyl) ether, benzidine and vinyl chloride demonstrate the shortcomings of relying on human data. The latency period of cancer, limited sensitivity of epidemiologic studies and severity of effects require us to use animal test data to evaluate the potential cancer and reproductive risks of workplace substances. HESIS gives appropriate weight to experimental data in hazard evaluations of chemicals such as ethylene oxide, ethylene dibromide, polychlorinated biphenyls and the glycol ethers. A similar approach is apparent in the California Department of Health Services' recently released Carcinogen Identification Policy.
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Job load and hazard analysis: a method for the analysis of workplace conditions for occupational health care.
Mattila, M K
British Journal of Industrial Medicine
One requirement for successful occupational health care is reliable information on occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, standardised method for workplace investigations for use in occupational health care. The theoretical framework of the method comprises the stress-strain model, the hazard-danger model, and risk behaviour theory. The new method, termed job load and hazard analysis, includes four stages: identification of hazards, their evaluation, conclusions and proposals, and follow up. Different methods are available for hazard identification. The identification starts with a rough analysis of five factors, chemical hazards, physical hazards, physical load, mental stress, and accident risk. Hazards and stress factors are assessed with an ordinal scale. Specialised methods are used if all hazards cannot otherwise be identified. The analytical procedure comprises: detection of hazards through observations and interviews at the workplace and with a questionnaire; assessment of findings as teamwork; and evaluation of the results of these assessments to yield conclusions and proposals made by occupational health care personnel. A data processing system has been developed for data storage and future use. The method has functioned in practice, improving the contents of the occupational health care programme and generating preventive measures. The method offers many new possibilities for controlling occupational hazards and studying relations between working conditions and workers' health.
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Toxicology Testing in Fatally Injured Workers: A Review of Five Years of Iowa FACE Cases
Ramirez, Marizen
Bedford, Ronald
Sullivan, Ryan
Anthony, T. Renee
Kraemer, John
Faine, Brett
Peek-Asa, Corinne
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Toxicology testing of fatally injured workers is not routinely conducted. We completed a case-series study of 2005–2009 occupational fatalities captured by Iowa's Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program. The goals of our research were to: (1) measure the proportion of FACE cases that undergo toxicology testing, and describe the factors associated with being tested, and (2) measure the rate of positive toxicology tests, the substances identified and the demographics and occupations of victims who tested positive. Case documents and toxicology laboratory reports were reviewed. There were 427 occupational deaths from 2005 to 2009. Only 69% underwent toxicology testing. Younger workers had greater odds of being tested. Among occupational groups, workers in farming, fishing and forestry had half the odds of being tested compared to other occupational groups. Of the 280 cases with toxicology tests completed, 22% (n = 61) were found to have positive toxicology testing. Commonly identified drug classes included cannabinoids and alcohols. Based on the small number of positive tests, older victims (65+ years) tested positive more frequently than younger workers. Management, business, science, arts, service and sales/office workers had proportionately more positive toxicology tests (almost 30%) compared with other workers (18–22%). These results identify an area in need of further research efforts and a potential target for injury prevention strategies.
injury; occupational; fatality; drugs; alcohol
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Integrating zebrafish toxicology and nanoscience for safer product development
Kim, Ki-Tae
Tanguay, Robert L.
Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC
The design, manufacture and application of safer products and manufacturing processes have been important goals over the last decade and will advance in the future under the umbrella of "Green Chemistry". In this review, we focus on the burgeoning diversity of new engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and the prescient need for a nanotoxicology paradigm that quickly identifies potentially hazardous nanochemistries. Advances in predictive toxicological modeling in the developing zebrafish offer the most immediate translation to human hazard that is practically achievable with high throughput approaches. Translation in a vertebrate model that is also a low cost alternative to rodents for hazard prediction has been a desirable but elusive testing paradigm. The utility of zebrafish, if applied early in the ENM discovery pipeline, could greatly enhance efforts toward greener and more efficient nanoscience. Early pipeline detection of human and environmental health impacts will quickly inform decisions in the design and production of safer commercial ENMs.
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Concordance between self-reported substance use and toxicology among HIV-infected and uninfected at risk youth
Nichols, Sharon L.
Lowe, Amanda
Zhang, Xinrui
Garvie, Patricia A.
Thornton, Sarah
Goldberger, Bruce A.
Hou, Wei
Goodenow, Maureen M.
Sleasman, John W.
Drug and alcohol dependence
Substance use by youth living with HIV (YLWH) is a concern, given potential interactions with virus-associated immune suppression and adverse effects on risk behaviors, neurocognition, and adherence. Self-report substance use measures provide efficient cost-effective assessments. Analyses describe self-reported substance use among YLWH and examine agreement with toxicology assays.
Seventy-eight youth age 18–24 years (87% male, 71% African–American) with behaviorally acquired HIV-1 infection and 55 uninfected youth completed the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test to assess drug use frequency, including tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol, over the prior three months. Elisa-based toxicology assays were used to detect 27 substances in plasma. Chi-square tests compared substance use between YLWH and uninfected youth; Kappa statistics compared agreement between self-report and toxicology.
YLWH reported marijuana (49%), tobacco (56%), and alcohol (87%) use, with 20%, 28% and 3% reporting daily use of each substance, respectively; other substance use was uncommon. Uninfected youth reported less tobacco use but otherwise similar substance use. All youth who reported daily use of marijuana or tobacco had positive plasma toxicology results, while concordance decreased with less frequent self-reported use. Among youth reporting no substance use, few tested positive (4% YLWH, 2% uninfected youth for cannabis; 8%YLWH for tobacco).
Youth report high rates of marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol use. Concordance between self-report and toxicology for marijuana and tobacco use, particularly for daily users, supports self-report as a valid indicator of substance use in research studies of youth with or without HIV-1 infection.
HIV; Adolescent; Substance use; Marijuana; Self-report; Toxicology
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Occupational Medicine: Opportunities for Family Physicians
Guidotti, Tee L.
Canadian Family Physician
Occupational medicine has grown recently in sophistication and strength. Occupational physicians with specialty certification focus their attention on toxicology and health hazards in the workplace, compliance with regulatory requirements, and preventive services. These physicians are often employed by organizations. Most occupational health care will continue to be provided by family physicians, who may also be the physicians closest to the workers and their families. There are many opportunities for family physicians to develop their skills in occupational health care and to incorporate occupational medicine into their practices.
family medicine; medical education; occupational medicine; specialist consultation
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Mutagenicity of an aged gasworks soil during bioslurry treatment
Lemieux, Christine L
Lynes, Krista D
White, Paul A
Lundstedt, Staffan
Öberg, Lars
Lambert, Iain B
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
This study investigated changes in the mutagenic activity of organic fractions from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pilot-scale bioslurry remediation. Slurry samples were previously analyzed for changes in PAH and polycyclic aromatic compound content, and this study examined the correspondence between the chemical and toxicological metrics. Nonpolar neutral and semipolar aromatic fractions of samples obtained on days 0, 3, 7, 24, and 29 of treatment were assayed for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mutation assay. Most samples elicited a significant positive response on Salmonella strains TA98, YG1041, and YG1042 with and without S9 metabolic activation; however, TA100 failed to detect mutagenicity in any sample. Changes in the mutagenic activity of the fractions across treatment time and metabolic activation conditions suggests a pattern of formation and transformation of mutagenic compounds that may include a wide range of PAH derivatives such as aromatic amines, oxygenated PAHs, and S-heterocyclic compounds. The prior chemical analyses documented the formation of oxygenated PAHs during the treatment (e.g., 4-oxapyrene-5-one), and the mutagenicity analyses showed high corresponding activity in the semipolar fraction with and without metabolic activation. However, it could not be verified that these specific compounds were the underlying cause of the observed changes in mutagenic activity. The results highlight the need for concurrent chemical and toxicological profiling of contaminated sites undergoing remediation to ensure elimination of priority contaminants as well as a reduction in toxicological hazard. Moreover, the results imply that remediation efficacy and utility be evaluated using both chemical and toxicological metrics. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
bioremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; contaminated soil; mutagenicity
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The Toxicology Education Summit: Building the Future of Toxicology Through Education
Barchowsky, Aaron
Buckley, Lorrene A.
Carlson, Gary P.
Fitsanakis, Vanessa A.
Ford, Sue M.
Genter, Mary Beth
Germolec, Dori R.
Leavens, Teresa L.
Lehman-McKeeman, Lois D.
Safe, Stephen H.
Sulentic, Courtney E. W.
Eidemiller, Betty J.
Toxicological Sciences
Toxicology and careers in toxicology, as well as many other scientific disciplines, are undergoing rapid and dramatic changes as new discoveries, technologies, and hazards advance at a blinding rate. There are new and ever increasing demands on toxicologists to keep pace with expanding global economies, highly fluid policy debates, and increasingly complex global threats to public health. These demands must be met with new paradigms for multidisciplinary, technologically complex, and collaborative approaches that require advanced and continuing education in toxicology and associated disciplines. This requires paradigm shifts in educational programs that support recruitment, development, and training of the modern toxicologist, as well as continued education and retraining of the midcareer professional to keep pace and sustain careers in industry, government, and academia. The Society of Toxicology convened the Toxicology Educational Summit to discuss the state of toxicology education and to strategically address educational needs and the sustained advancement of toxicology as a profession. The Summit focused on core issues of: building for the future of toxicology through educational programs; defining education and training needs; developing the "Total Toxicologist"; continued training and retraining toxicologists to sustain their careers; and, finally, supporting toxicology education and professional development. This report summarizes the outcomes of the Summit, presents examples of successful programs that advance toxicology education, and concludes with strategies that will insure the future of toxicology through advanced educational initiatives.
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Reproductive toxicity of the industrial solvent 2-ethoxyethanol in rats and interactive effects of ethanol.
Nelson, B K
Brightwell, W S
Setzer, J V
O'Donohue, T L
Environmental Health Perspectives
The solvent, 2-ethoxyethanol, induced complete embryomortality in pregnant rats exposed to three times the current Federal permissible exposure limit (PEL). Following exposure to ethoxyethanol at a concentration only one-half the current PEL, the offspring evidenced behavioral and neurochemical deviations from controls. Subsequent studies found that ingestion of ethanol with concomitant inhalation of ethoxyethanol vapors early in pregnancy appeared to reduce the number of both behavioral and neurochemical deviations found for ethoxyethanol. In contrast, the concomitant exposure to ethanol and ethoxyethanol later in gestation potentiated the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethoxyethanol. This research indicates that the industrial solvent 2-ethoxyethanol presents an occupational reproductive hazard and raises the issue of the importance of an interaction of social habits with occupational exposure to such hazards. The results would suggest that occupational physicians should advise pregnant workers in the chemical industry of the adverse effects of ethanol during pregnancy and of the possible interactions with other chemicals and should encourage them to be especially cautious with ethanol consumption since they may be at greater risk.
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Environmental Isocyanate-Induced Asthma: Morphologic and Pathogenetic Aspects of an Increasing Occupational Disease
Fisseler-Eckhoff, Annette
Bartsch, Holger
Zinsky, Rica
Schirren, Joachim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Occupational diseases affect more and more people every year. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), in 2000 an estimated amount of at least 160 million people became ill as a result of occupational-related hazards or injuries. Globally, occupational deaths, diseases and injuries account for an estimated loss of 4% of the Gross Domestic Product. Important substances that are related to occupational diseases are isocyanates and their products. These substances, which are used in a lot of different industrial processes, are not only toxic and irritant, but also allergenic. Although the exposure to higher concentrations could be monitored and restricted by technical means, very low concentrations are difficult to monitor and may, over time, lead to allergic reactions in some workers, ending in an occupational disease. In order to prevent the people from sickening, the mechanisms underlying the disease, by patho-physiological and genetical means, have to be known and understood so that high risk groups and early signs in the development of an allergic reaction could be detected before the exposure to isocyanates leads to an occupational disease. Therefore, this paper reviews the so far known facts concerning the patho-physiologic appearance and mechanisms of isocyanate-associated toxic reactions and possible genetic involvement that might trigger the allergic reactions.
occupational disease; isocyanate; occupational asthma; pathological findings; clinical findings; genetic predisposition
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A proposal to improve clarity and communication in the EU Classification process for chemicals for carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity
Doe, J E
Journal of Applied Toxicology
There is an issue in the EU classification of substances for carcinogenicity and for reproductive or developmental toxicity which has brought difficulties to those involved in the process. The issue lies in the inability of the classification system to distinguish between carcinogens and reproductive toxicants with different levels of concern. This has its origins in the early years of toxicology when it was thought that a relatively small number of chemicals would be either carcinogens or reproductive toxicants, but this has turned out not to be the case. This can cause problems in communicating to the users of chemicals, including the public, the nature of the hazard presented by chemicals. Processes have been developed within the classification system for setting specific concentration limits which assess the degree of hazard for carcinogens and reproductive toxicants as high, medium or low. However these categories are not otherwise used in classification. It is proposed that their wider use would bring the advantages of transparency, clarity of communication, certainty of the process and would allow chemicals with a high degree of hazard to be identified and managed in an appropriate way. Copyright © 2014. The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The inability of the EU classification system to distinguish between carcinogens and reproductive toxicants with different levels of concern can cause problems in communicating to the users of chemicals the nature of the hazard presented by chemicals. Processes have been developed by the EU for assessing the degree of hazard for carcinogens and reproductive toxicants as high, medium or low. Using them more widely would bring the advantage of transparency, clarity of communication and certainty of the process.
carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; classification; degree of hazard; hazard characterization
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Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine as a Branch of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Lee, Young Il
Ye, Byeong Jin
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Exposure to the underwater environment for occupational or recreational purposes is increasing. As estimated, there are around 7 million divers active worldwide and 300,000 more divers in Korea. The underwater and hyperbaric environment presents a number of risks to the diver. Injuries from these hazards include barotrauma, decompression sickness, toxic effects of hyperbaric gases, drowning, hypothermia, and dangerous marine animals. For these reasons, primary care physicians should understand diving related injuries and assessment of fitness to dive. However, most Korean physicians are unfamiliar with underwater and hyperbaric medicine (UHM) in spite of scientific and practical values.
From occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) specialist's perspective, we believe that UHM should be a branch of OEM because OEM is an area of medicine that deals with injuries caused by physical and biological hazards, clinical toxicology, occupational diseases, and assessment of fitness to work. To extend our knowledge about UHM, this article will review and update on UHM including barotrauma, decompression illness, toxicity of diving gases and fitness for diving.
Underwater and hyperbaric medicine; Occupational and environmental medicine; Barotrauma; Decompression illness; Toxicity of diving gases; Fitness for diving
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text:
The rewrite already happened, it's the insteon branch that is now theOn Sat, Dec 22, 2012 at 09:54:31AM -0800, Kevin Robert Keegan wrote:
> We may want to have a short conversation about developing the code for
> I can see that Michael has committed some code needed to support the I2CS
> protocol.
> Last night I started poking around to see if I could manually communicate
> with an I2CS device and came up with the following code necessary to create
> the required checksum. Since I really knew nothing about checksums it took
> me a while, maybe it will save someone else some time:
> use strict;
> my $string = "2F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00";
> my @array = split(" ", $string);
> my $sum;
> $sum += hex($_) for @array;
> $sum = (($sum^255)+1) & 255;
> print sprintf("%x", $sum) . "\n\n";
> All of my info came from http://www.madreporite.com/insteon/i2cs.html.
> It seems to me that the easy way out is to create an ALDB_i2cs class inside
> of AllLinkDatabase. I believe currently, the only communications that we
> need to be in the I2CS standard are broadly "scan link table," "add link,"
> and "delete link." There are a few other areas such as "link to interface"
> that would benefit from knowing that a device is an i2cs device, but this
> is mostly for error reporting.
> However, I can see smarthome dropping support for i1 communications in a
> few years. So, should we start to think about a broader rewrite now? I am
> not a great programmer, and we seem to lack manpower, so I am disinclined
> to go along with this.
> Just a thought.
default branch. Gregg just ran out of time before he was ale to add I2
First, thanks for the details you posted.
Second, to answer your question: yes it makes sense to add checksums to I1
today since it should hopefully not be a lot of work and would allow things
to work again.
Then, adding I2 support is obviously a next goal, but that's bound to be
more work so it shouldn't be blocking just adding checksums for I1.
That, I have no idea.
> As a side note, has anyone figured out a way to programatically link an
> I2CS device to the PLM without first manually doing so? Or did smarthome
> completely do away with this for "security" reasons? How does it work with
> houselinc?
"A mouse is a device used to point at the xterm you want to type in" - A.S.R.
Microsoft is to operating systems ....
.... what McDonalds is to gourmet cooking
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Anonymous review posted on
This lawyer is highly untrustworthy, mean spirited and just plain nasty. He, being recommended to me by a judge I know, actually dropped me as a client for no reason. I called and left him a kind message with my credit card information and the amount we pre-decided on, yet he claims that I never did. I have two parents who were both with me when I made the call for payment. Even so, he rudely said that he will NOT represent me (after previously having no problems in general.) We agreed on a price and everything looked as if it were going swimmingly. His email to me, besides being untruthful in his assertion that we hadn't returned his call, was incredibly insulting and insinuated that we were "wasting his time." Thus, leaving me scrambling to find another, BETTER lawyer at the last minute. I would highly recommend steering clear of him unless you like to be verbally abused and completely let down. Thank you for taking the time to read this, as it will surely help you make an informed decision.
Posted by LeshawnDoctahLundy
This attorney did not keep appointment with us 95% percent of the time, this attorney was easily irated by questions we needed to ask, this attorney did not do or say as promised in court, this attorney did not use one witness in our case, although there could have been two used who witnessed the crime. The only time we had to discuss our case with him was a few confusing minutes before court, This attorney was hired by us for a criminal case, which we lost, and then because I had no more money the judge allowed him to be our attorney instead of a public defender we lost at the attenuation hearing also and these are facts as they occurred.


text:
First-year NFL player finished 2011 on Bengals practice squad ... Played in one game with Miami in 2010, after entering NFL as college free agent with N.Y. Giants.
First-year NFL player finished 2011 on Bengals practice squad ... Played in one game with Miami in 2010, after entering NFL as college free agent with N.Y. Giants.
CAREER TRANSACTIONS: Signed 5-7-10 with N.Y. Giants as a college free agent ... Waived by Giants on 6-21-10 ... Signed with Miami on 8-3-10 ... Waived by Miami on 9-15-10 ... Signed 9-18-10 to Miami practice squad ... Released from Miami practice squad on 12-1-10 ... Signed to Kansas City practice squad on 12-8-10 ... Signed to Kansas City offseason roster on 1-12-11 ... Waived by Kansas City on 9-4-11 ... Signed to Cincinnati practice squad on 12-13-11 ... Signed to Bengals offseason roster on 1-9-12.
PREVIOUS SEASONS: 2011 - Opened preseason with Kansas City ... Played in all four preseason games, with six tackles (two for-loss) and two special teams tackles ... Signed late in season to Bengals practice squad, where he finished the regular season and postseason.
2010 - Originally signed as CFA with Giants, then signed to Miami's roster, before spending time on Dolphins and Chiefs practice squads ... Played in one game with Miami, Sept. 13 vs. Buffalo, logging one special teams tackle.
COLLEGE: Played in 49 games in four years at University of Kentucky ... Totaled 285 tackles, 23.5 tackles for loss, 3.5 sacks, two INTs and two forced fumbles ... Also scored a rushing TD ... Played in all 13 games as a senior, logging 105 tackles and a sack ... Second-leading tackler in SEC as a junior (93), earning first-team all-conference honors ... Majored in Family Sciences.PERSONAL:Hometown is Alexandria, Va. ... Finished prep career at Fort Campbell (Ky.) High School, where he was named Mr. Football in Kentucky as a senior ... Previously attended West Potomac High School in Alexandria, Va. ... Also participated in basketball, track and power lifting in high school ... Hobbies include writing music, church activities, movies and traveling ... Does volunteer work to help at-risk youth.
NOTE ABOUT NFL EXPERIENCE: Johnson did not earn an accrued year of experience toward NFL free agency in 2010 or '11 because he was not on a 53-player roster, a Reserve/Injured list or a Reserve/Physically Unable to Perform list for the required minimum of six games in either year.
The Bengals will pick up the parking cost for the first 100 ticket holders that park at Town Center Garage at 1251 Central Parkway for the Denver Broncos game on Sunday, Sept. 25 at 1:00 p.m. and the Miami Dolphins game on Thursday, Sept. 29 at 8:25 p.m.
Denver Broncos at Cincinnati Bengals game preview
The Bengals will use walk-through metal detectors at select gates beginning with Sunday's game against the Denver Broncos.
What will it take to win against the defending Super Bowl Champs? Dan Hoard and Geoff Hobson discuss.
OT Cedric Ogbuehi talks to the media about facing fellow Texas A&M product, Von Miller.
S George Iloka speaks to reporters in the locker room about the home opener and week 3's matchup against the Denver Broncos.
WR A.J. Green reacts to becoming a father for the first time. Green's son, Easton Ace Green, was born on September 21st, 2016.
OT Andrew Whitworth talks to media about the team's preparation for their home opener against the defending Super Bowl champions.


text:
I heard tonight that the black boxes of the 2 Boeing 767's that were flown through the WTC might not be recoverable.
Too bad. Sure hope they can retrieve them though. I'm sure they would tell us volumes about the last moments of the flights.
But when you see the incredible impact sustained by the two jets, it makes you wonder if EVERYTHING, including everyone on board, didn't just vaporize upon impact.
I've seen the videos over and over, and it's just mind-numbingly tragic!
It appears the jets just flat vanished upon impact! Nothing there at all! Total evaporation.
So how could those boxes survive it. Although I know the Pennsylvania jet (the UA 757) did have its boxes recovered. And it went in almost nose-down.


text:
Top Definition
1. The act of taking a home pregnancy test, usually referring to someone who is hopeful for a positive result.
I'll be peeing on a stick if I don't get my period by Tuesday.
dari faerieprincess Rabu, 17 Agustus 2011
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text:
Hannah Davis (model)
|Hannah Davis[1]
Hannah in 2014
|Hannah Davis
May 5, 1990
St. Thomas, U.S.V.I.
|Derek Jeter (m. 2016)
|Modeling information
|5 ft 9 1⁄2 in (1.77 m)[2]
|Hair color
|Eye color
|IMG Models [3]
Hannah Jeter [4][5] (née Davis; born May 5, 1990)[6][7] is an American fashion model. She is best known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, including the cover of the 2015 edition.
Early life[edit]
Hannah was born and raised in Saint Thomas, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, the daughter of Deborah L. "Debi" (Behm) and Conn Jay Davis, Sr.[8][9][10] She stated that the best part of growing up there was "the friendly people, great weather and waking up to the sound of the waves on the beach".[11]
|Hannah's Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from 2015
Professionally, Hannah Davis appeared in campaigns for Ralph Lauren, Blue Label and walked in their 2006 Spring/Summer runway show. She was additionally the face of the Ralph Lauren fragrance, Ralph Rocks.[2]
Hannah appeared on two individual covers for Italian 'D' Magazine in 2006, Mexico's Elle in August 2009, France's FHM in September 2012 and South Africa's FHM in April 2013.[2]
She modeled for Victoria's Secret as well as American Eagle Outfitters, Tommy Hilfiger, and Levi's.[2] Hannah has appeared in televised advertisements as the DirecTV Genie,[12] and appears in a series of ads for the same company.[13]
Hannah has appeared in four Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues, from 2013 to 2016. She was the cover model of the 2015 issue.[14]
In 2015, she appeared in a bit part in the comedy film Vacation, as a flirtatious young woman driving a red Ferrari.[15]
In 2015, Hannah was the host of Project Runway: Junior.
First professional billing as "Hannah Jeter" for 28 August 2016.[16][17][18]
Personal life[edit]
Hannah has played tennis since she was eight years old and was a champion on the Caribbean National tennis team and played on the Caribbean Tennis Circuit.[19] She was also on the Virgin Islands National Volleyball Team.[20]
In early November 2015, former Yankees player Derek Jeter confirmed earlier reports that he and Hannah were engaged.[7][21][22] The two married on July 9, 2016, in Napa Valley.[23]
- ^ http://www.fansshare.com/news/hannah-jeter-fans-still-calling-her-hannah-davis/
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Profile of Hannah Davis". Fashion Model Directory. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ http://imgmodels.com/model/new-york/women/19645
- ^ "Hannah Jeter (@hannahbjeter) on Twitter". Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ "Hannah Jeter (@hannahbjeter) • Instagram photos and videos". Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Hendrix, Kelsey (May 5, 2015). "Happy birthday to 2015 SI Swimsuit cover model Hannah Davis!". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ a b Webber, Stephanie (November 3, 2015). "Derek Jeter Confirms Hannah Davis Engagement: Details!". Us Weekly. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
...Jeter, 25, ...
- ^ http://issuu.com/davisandelkinscollege/docs/fall_2013/42
- ^ http://athletics.colgate.edu/Football/archives/2004season/2004%20Player%20Profiles.PDF
- ^ "Alumni Locator". Friends of Senator Soccer. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015.
- ^ "Model of the Week – Hannah". Models.com.
- ^ Wyatt (January 7, 2013). "Who's that Girl: Hannah Davis, The DirecTV Genie". CoedMagazine.com. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
- ^ Exclusive: Go behind the scenes with Hannah and Her Horse for DirecTV Accessed June 10, 2015.
- ^ "Hannah Davis Lands the Cover of 2015 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue: See Her Sexy Bikini Photo Here!". Us Weekly. February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
- ^ "Hannah Davis is the new Vacation "girl in the red Ferrari"". 7 May 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ http://www.si.com/swim-daily/2016/08/02/action-bronson-summer-swim-concert-coney-island-si-swimsuit-models
- ^ http://fordamphitheaterconeyisland.com/events/summer-of-swim/
- ^ http://extratv.com/2016/08/05/sports-illustrated-heats-up-coney-island-for-summer-of-swim/
- ^ "14 photos that prove why Hannah Davis is a perfect choice for Sports Illustrated's swimsuit issue cover girl" Retrieved 11 June 2015
- ^ Pesce, Nicole Lyn; Friedman, Molly (August 16, 2013). "Bronx bombshell: Meet Hannah Davis". Daily News. New York.
- ^ "Derek Jeter set to marry Hannah Jeter". Daily News. New York. October 27, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ Jeter, Derek (November 3, 2015). "Kane". The Players' Tribune (Jeter official blog). Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
- ^ https://www.yahoo.com/news/derek-jeter-hannah-davis-marry-172219483.html
- Hannah Davis gallery at Sports Illustrated Swimsuit
- Hannah Jeter profile at IMG Models
- Hannah Davis profile at Models.com
- Hannah Davis at the Internet Movie Database


text:
Who Gets Kicked Out? Moving Trucks Spotted at Brangelina's House After Split Announcement
- 04:27 PM, Sep 22
Trevor Live Honours Katy Perry and Audi of America for The Trevor Project - Arrivals
Photo credit: FayesVision / WENN
To fit your screen, we scale this picture smaller than its actual size. The original picture size is 682x1000 pixels and this photo has been viewed 756 times since December 02, 2012


text:
Jesse D. Garrabrant/NBAE/Getty Images
Jeff Green wants to be more aggressive next season.NBA.com's David Aldridge recently caught up with Jeff Green for a Q&A on his offseason and an uncertain future (as a restricted free agent during the lockout). Green talks about going back to school at Georgetown to get his English degree ("I only have four more classes, so I'm chipping away," said Green), how he's not currently interested in overseas options ("Not at all," said Green), and whether he believes he'll be back in Boston ("When the CBA is all over with, and I can figure which road to go down, that's when I'll think about it," said Green). Here's the most interesting Celtics-related portion:
DA: If you go back to Boston, what do you expect your role to be next season?
JG: That's up to Doc (Rivers). I know they wanted me to be more aggressive, so that's what I've been doing, is just working on my all-around game. Getting a little Paul Pierce in me. You know, taking a little characteristics from different players. Kobe, being one. Paul. Being with them for a couple of months now. Just a number of guys. LeBron. I'm just working on my game, trying to get better.
DA: What did you feel at the end of the playoffs?
JG: Disappointment. You know, I wanted more. I wanted more. To have the experience that I had with the guys in Boston, it was tremendous. I wanted more. But I learned a lot. I learned from KG, Paul and Ray. Three of the top legends in the game. I was just mad it was over, because I wanted to learn more and more. But I took what they gave me and just move forward and tried to add it to my game.
DA: Would you say you struggled more at the defensive end than the offensive end?
JG: Most definitely. Their schemes were a lot different from Oklahoma. It was tough adjusting to that, to learn the certain rotations. But I tried to do my best and I gave it my all.
Green could do worse than to study three of the best small forwards in the game (Pierce, Bryant, James) during what will likely be an extended offseason. Regardless, one of the most intriguing aspects of the offseason -- whenever a new CBA is achieved -- will be whether he attracts interest from other teams and whether the Celtics are willing to commit to him long-term, essentially saying he's part of the core upon which this team will be built in the post-Big Three era.


text: Jen Chaney Jen Chaney is a writer for Vulture. Brow BeatSept. 28 2016 8:32 AMIs This the Best Fall TV Season in Recent Memory?Jen ChaneyBrow BeatSept. 6 2016 8:32 AMWhy Chandra on The Night Of Deserved Way BetterJen ChaneyBrow BeatJuly 28 2016 8:02 AMDeep Down, BoJack Horseman Is a Hopeful ShowJen ChaneyBrow BeatJune 17 2016 8:32 AMO.J.: Made in America Gives Us a Human Portrayal of Nicole BrownJen ChaneyBrow BeatMarch 8 2016 8:32 AMWhy Downton Abbey Became a Massive Cultural PhenomenonJen ChaneyBrow BeatApril 2 2015 3:27 PMWhy the Crash-Filled Fast and Furious Series Is Perfect for Post–Economic Crash AmericaJen ChaneyTV ClubJan. 23 2013 10:45 PMAmerican Horror Story, Season 2 Lana Banana says goodbye to all that. J. Bryan Lowder and Jen Chaney Brow BeatSept. 14 2016 8:02 AMThe Post-9/11 Emmys Were Unusual, Historic, and a TV Game ChangerJen ChaneyBrow BeatAug. 10 2016 8:32 AMStranger Things, Ghostbusters, and the Value of Less Advance HypeJen ChaneyBrow BeatJune 22 2016 9:02 AMOrange Is the New Black Challenges Us to Sympathize With Aggressors in Season 4Jen ChaneyBrow BeatJune 16 2016 8:32 AMTBS's Lost Sendup, Wrecked, and Why It's So Hard to Make TV Parody WorkJen ChaneyBrow BeatMarch 2 2016 8:30 AMThe 20 Most Despicable Characters in Downton Abbey History, RankedJen ChaneyDoublexJan. 30 2013 5:44 AMThe Liz Lemon EffectDid Tina Fey change anything for women on TV?Jen Chaney


text:
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DELIVER US FROM EVIL: Featurette Goes To The Source, NYPD Sergeant Ralph Sarchie
New York police officer Ralph Sarchie, struggling with his own personal issues, begins investigating a series of disturbing and inexplicable crimes. He joins forces with an unconventional priest, schooled in the rituals of exorcism, to combat the frightening and demonic possessions that are terrorizing their city.
A fifteen minute featurette was created to highlight the author and subject of the source material for the film, retired NYPD Sergeant Ralph Sarchie. He is now a full time demonologist in New York.
Do you feel this content is inappropriate or infringes upon your rights? Click here to report it.


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On Tap Today: Of silver white winters and other fave things
Come dressed in your playclothes. Because Skylight Music Theatre's production of one of the most delightful musicals of all time, "The Sound of Music," is about to open, and we want you to join in its spirit. You all have permission to sing as you refresh your memories of this beloved musical with our "Sound of Music" primer in Weekend Cue. How many favorite things can you name?
Another question: When you're dealing with an icon like Abraham Lincoln, how do you distill the man from the myth? Spielberg's film "Lincoln" attempts to do just that. But does Spielberg succeed? Find out what movie critic Duane Dudek thinks in his review of this new epic. »Read Full Blog Post
For 3 friends at Milwaukee show, Beatlemania lasts 50 years
Did Barb Pellowski, Karen Marzion and Gloria Olson go see the Beatles when they played Milwaukee? Were they in the front row? And did they scream the whole time?
Yeah, yeah...no. »Read Full Article(5)


text: I am ridiculously hard on my hands/nails and typically only get pedicures. I sought out a local spot for shellac for a Thanksgiving treat and ended up here, down the street from my house. My nails were PERFECT! So meticulously done that I've been showing them off for just over a week and they're still 100% un-chipped and just as shiny as day 1. I'll be doing this more often, it's well worth the price! It doesn't hurt that they offer beverages such as mimosas and snacks.


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One of the better op-eds to surface in recent times from the cesspool of mixed-bag journalism that is the NYT - Friedman's not always on the mark but he hit this one out of the park. The piece focuses on Obama but both candidates need to have a renewal of American infrastructure as a primary component of their economic revitalization and job creation plans.
I couldn't help but reflect on how China and America have spent the last seven years: ...they've been building better stadiums, subways, airports, roads and parks. And we've been building better metal detectors, armored Humvees and pilotless drones.
The difference is starting to show. Just compare arriving at La Guardia's dumpy terminal in New York City and driving through the crumbling infrastructure into Manhattan with arriving at Shanghai's sleek airport and taking the 220-mile-per-hour magnetic levitation train...
[i]...it is our time to get back to work on the only home we have, our time for nation-building in America. I never want to tell my girls — and I'm sure Obama feels the same about his — that they have to go to China to see the future.


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Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition and Radeon HD 7850 Launch Review
http://alfold.net/?writing-help-berkeley Writing Help Berkeley When AMD announced the 7900 series back in December they gave us a brief look at their planned roadmap for single GPU products. First up were those 7900 series cards which replaced the 6900 models at the top of the product stack. Following them we had the 7700 series models which were to sit in the mainstream space with existing 6000 series products continuing on below them for budget conscious consumers. This of course meant that the 7800 launch would see AMD bring to market a number of products to fill the $249-$349 price point.


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I will translate from English to Serbian or vice versa for $5(45) 1 Orders in Queue
Writing & Translation / Translation 3 Days On Average
About This Gig
I will translate any text, up to 400 words, from English to Serbian or vice versa for 1 Gig. All the translations will be done manually without the help of any translation software and delivered, ready to print. I'm ready, let's start.


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1 to 12 of 12 results
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by Burgess Meredith
At 85, Burgess Meredith is still physically fit and mentally agile, as anyone who saw him play Jack Lemmon's ancient-but-randy dad in last year's Grumpy Old Men can testify. His autobiography offers a lively, mercurial and often touching tour of a life brimming with incident.
Meredith may be best known as the crusty cornerman in the Rocky movies, but in fact he is a virtuoso of theater and film. He starred in such plays as Maxwell Anderson's Winterset (1935) and such films as Of Mice and Men (1939). His greatest success as a director was the 1958 stage hit Ulysses in Nighttown, adapted from James Joyce's scandalous novel.
Along the way, Meredith mingled with some of the more interesting minds of his day: Orson Welles, John Huston, Zero Mostel, Charles Laughton, Kurt Weill, James Thurber, John Steinbeck and Aldous Huxley—great talkers all. And Meredith is plainly a great listener, the kind of self-deprecating charmer women love. Tallulah Bankhead, Marlene Dietrich, Hedy Lamarr and (if we understand his hints properly) Ingrid Bergman and Lauren Bacall have all thought highly enough of his bedside manner to invite him in under the covers. His third marriage (out of four) was to Paulette Goddard, whom he wed in 1944 when she was on the rebound from Charlie Chaplin. "In a kind of mongrel way, I chased the foxes," he confesses amiably. "I sit here in my active rocking chair and smile."
The feeling is contagious. Meredith has more fire, more appetite than men a fraction of his age; his book blazes with life. (Little Brown, $22.95)
Picks and Pans Review: So Far, So Good: a Memoir
updated 06/13/1994 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 06/13/1994 AT 01:00 AM EDT


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About drawing programs
Hello guys!
I'm interested in knowing which programs do you usually use for digital drawing and what do you like about them specifically.
I usually ink in SAI, it's a pretty easy program, very user friendly and you can really manage the lines as you please, treat them as vectorial or pixelar, etc.
To colour, I prefer Photoshop, probably because it is the program I use since the longest time so i know it quite well. I want to give a try to Corel Painter though, I've seen it has quite impressive tools to emulate traditional media. Any of you uses it?
I would like to hear your comments!


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All hotels in Branson, Missouri, United States of America
1 room, 2 adults
2875 Green Mountain Drive, Branson, MO, 65616, United States of America, 1800-687-236 (Australia Toll Free)
Brookwood Inn, Branson
Lowest priceA$95
Price Match Guarantee
Motel with outdoor pool, near Titanic Museum
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 50 smoke-free guestrooms
- Outdoor pool
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Computer station
- Tour/ticket assistance
For families
- Refrigerator
- Television
- Iron/ironing board
- Hair dryer
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cable TV service
What's around
- In Branson Theater District
- Titanic Museum (0.9 mi / 1.4 km)
- Hollywood Wax Museum (1 mi / 1.6 km)
- World's Largest Toy Museum (1.6 mi / 2.6 km)
- Dixie Stampede Dinner Attraction (1.8 mi / 2.9 km)
- IMAX Entertainment Complex (2.2 mi / 3.5 km)
Value for money
Best value for money
Tasty breakfast
Delicious food
Awesome vibe
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5
From 364 reviewsSee TripAdvisor reviews
Brookwood Inn, Branson
Hotel Info: 1800 846 835from A$95
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Room, 2 Queen Beds
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 50 rooms
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is 1 PM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Two Star Branson hotels
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast daily
Things to do
- Outdoor pool
- Golfing nearby
Working away
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
In the room
Home comforts
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
Freshen up
- Partially open bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- Cable TV channels
Stay connected
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
Food and drink
- Refrigerator
Top Branson hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Branson
- Branson Yellow Rose Inn and SuitesFrom
"The host in the breakfast room is the best advertisement for the hotel.Superb.The only downside to the hotel is we found when it was very busy there was no hot water for a shower."Jun 11, 2016
- Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott BransonFrom
"Great hotel. Clean, great breakfast, convenient location and very friendly and helpful staff. Really enjoyed my stay."Oct 20, 2015
- Welk Resort Branson HotelFrom
"From the first contact at reception which was one of the most pleasant and professional I have ever encountered (Tiffany) through to the concierge and all subsequent staff, great…"Oct 1, 2015
- Greenbrier InnFrom
"The lady who was helping us when we checked in was lovely. The hotel itself is an old hotel and not much can be done about that but the staff is nicw and helpfull"Sep 25, 2015
Nearby hotels
Brookwood Inn, Branson's small print
Also known as
- Brookwood Branson
- Brookwood Inn
- Brookwood Inn Branson
- Alpenrose Motel Branson
- Brookwood Hotel Branson
This property charges a nightly extra-person fee that will be collected on site. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
More great choices
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Home > Sunglasses > Gucci > GG 1055/S (0VY/TF)
New Releases
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
GG 1055/S/0VY/TF Ophthalmic Glasses
GG 1055/S is a fashion statement, for which sunshine is not necessarily required, because these sunglasses enhance your natural radiance turning night into day.
The frame is specially designed for men. Sporting clear lines, New School Cool meets traditional quality. Wearing full rim eyewear, you make it unmistakably clear that you are going the whole hog. The quadratic shape is a good choice, especially for softer facial features. The square glasses give more contour to a round face. The straight outer edges also give the impression that the face is longer. Plastic is a very lightweight and flexible material. This ensures a long life and a high level of comfort. Whether natural or extravagant - the colour green makes you stand out from the crowd and makes your eyeglasses the perfect accessory. Similar to grey, brown lenses don't distort the visual impression as much as other colours do. With all other shades, the eyes take longer to neutralize the colour impression. This brand of sunglasses, of course, also provides your eyes with optimum UV400 protection.
If you press the button "order with prescription lenses', our digital dispensing optician will install the lenses in the original tint or as you wish. Your dioptre values are the only thing we require from you.
The model is in stock. If you order now with the express shipping option, we can even guarantee the time of delivery. In our online shop we have consistently low prices. You won't get GG 1055/S at such a low price, not even in the sale.
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Celebrating 10 Years in Business!We Teach on Sundays!
See Our Gallery
Step into our beautiful studio and begin dancing today! Our team of professional instructors will make your dream of becoming a great social or competitive dancer come true.Best Group Classes & Social Dance Parties in Town!
Dance Courses
Introductory Special $50 Includes:• 3 half hour private dance lessons• One Group Class• One Social Dance Party(Available to new students only)
Our Staff
BDancewear™ • Southern Arizona Keller-Williams Realty™ • REALTOR® Brenda O'Brien • Nancy Lonas, Dog Breeder • Dancevision™
Thank you for your interest. Please reach out with questions or comments using the information below. We look forward to hearing from you.
Phone(520) 329-5639
Hours of OperationMonday–Friday, 10:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m.Saturday and Sunday, by Appointment Only
Address6336 N Oracle Road, #318 Tuscon, AZ 85704
Service AreaTucson, AZ
See Our Location


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Gay San Diego Nightlife
Kathy Griffin to Open Best in Drag Show Benefiting Aid for AIDS
On October 2 at San Francisco's Orpheum Theatre, Emmy and Grammy Award winner Kathy Griffin will open the Best in Drag Show, the fabulous, long-running annual event raising funds for Aid for AIDS.
Samantha Bee, Sarah Silverman at Lady Parts Justice Golden Probe Awards
On October 2, Lady Parts Justice will present their Golden Probe Awards, a satirical awards ceremony honoring "Outstanding Achievements" in sexism and anti-choice extremism.
Watch: Video for PARRI$ Single 'Fiyah'
Following the release of her explosive debut single "Nasty," Parris Goebel - AKA PARRI$ - shares the second track from her upcoming "Run & Tell Your Friends" EP: "Fiyah."
Folsom, Fetish, Fun!
Here we are again, just days away from the largest kink/BDSM/fetish event in the world, the Folsom Street Fair.
4th Annual Pink Flamingo Awards @ Jungle Island :: September 22, 2016
The fourth annual Pink Flamingo Awards fundraising event for the LGBT Visitor Center was held at Jungle Island. Hosted by Lori Lynch, with Master of Ceremony comedian/actress Julie Goldman.
Air Conditioned Lounge - San Diego
Bear Night
Beauty Bar - San Diego
Bourbon Street
The Brass Rail
The Caliph
Club Extasis
El Camino
Femme Fatale
Fiesta Cantina
The Flame
Flame, The
Gossip Grill
The Hole in the Wall
Hole, The
House of Blues
Inferno/ Hot Flash San Diego
Ladies Night at Bourbon Street
The Loft
Loft, The
No 1 Fifth Ave (no sign)
Number One Fifth Avenue
Redwing Bar & Grill
Rich's San Diego
San Diego Eagle
Soul Kiss
SRO Lounge
Wine Lover
Photo Albums
Bear TDance at Club Cafe: Sunday, September 18, 2016
Leather Walk 2016 :: September 18, 2016
FUZZ :: Friday, September 9, 2016
WorldOutGames Silver Soiree @ E11even :: September 8, 2016
Pines Fest On Fire Island
Southern Decadence Parade :: September 4, 2016
Key West Tropical Heat 2016
Provincetown Carnival : August 18, 2016
@ Boston Comic Con : August 14, 2016
AQUA Pool Party :: August 13, 2016
Democratic National Convention
Pines Party Xanadu: The Beach Party :: July 23, 2016
Pines Party Physical: The Pool Party :: July 23, 2016
Philly4Pulse :: July 21, 2016
Bear TDance @ Club Cafe :: Sunday, July 17, 2016
GALA Choruses 10th Quadrennial Conference Part Two


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Home > Sunglasses > Nike > NIKE STRIDE P EV0709 (901)
New Releases
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
NIKE STRIDE P EV0709/901 Ophthalmic Glasses
These sunglasses complement your look with an accessory that is a cut above the rest. True to the Edel-Optics motto "SEE AND BE SEEN", you are on a par with celebrities, impressing in every environment. The NIKE STRIDE P EV0709 is available in the Edel-Optics online shop in other styles from Nike collections 2015 and 2016.
The frame is specially designed for men. Sporting clear lines, New School Cool meets traditional quality. Eyewear is in. Full rim is extremely popular, because you feel that you get more eyeglass for your money. It is not just about their resilience, but also about the visibility of material and design, which are of the highest quality. The quadratic shape makes the face appear longer, due to its straight outer edges. The frame is, therefore, particularly advantageous for more rounded facial features. The noble metal frame allows for filigree lines and creates an extraordinary lightness in appearance. In addition, metal eyeglasses are virtually indestructible - strong, flexible and corrosion resistant. You can rely on the guaranteed UV400 protection, for all the sunglasses in our shop. Whether driving or out on the slopes, your own safety sometimes depends on your angle of vision. The polarizing lenses in this model block the glare from reflecting surfaces, such as water, glass or snow and best sight is guaranteed.
If this pair is your favourite, you can order them without hesitation. We have them in stock and can send them off immediately at a super affordable Edel-Optics price. And because Edel-Optics is a paradise for bargain hunters, you can get this top model at an incredibly low price. What is labelled as "in the sale" at other online shops, is for us "all-day-everyday" prices.
New Releases
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Don t hesite to call us
payment methods


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Top Definition
(v) The act of being naked/nude
Come quick! this chick is naking
από Lux1700 29 Οκτώβριος 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Baking without clothes on is naked baking = naking
ohh hey roger fancy some naking today??..
oh ok barbara.. as long as you take off your socks tho!
oh ok barbara.. as long as you take off your socks tho!
από chikin101 30 Δεκέμβριος 2011
A term used to describe baking cookies while being naked
i walked into the house to find my made/cleaning lady naking cookies with my husband
από Nikki K and Justin M 22 Δεκέμβριος 2010
A creative endeavor undertaken while not wearing clothing.
I've been naking videos for YouTube for five years now.
από Ginzaki 3 Δεκέμβριος 2015


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Before the monsters were "Monsters, Inc." they were just a bunch of dorm-partying, disco ball-lovin', lampshade-wearing college co-eds. University seems to have been a relatively wholesome time for the monsters — slow-dancing and no explicit booze — unless that Gleww squeezing is a sexual innuendo. Watch the new teaser trailer below.
"Monsters University" releases June 21, 2013.


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Pembrokeshire's only athletics club
Welcome to Pembrokeshire Harriers
Pembrokeshire Harriers Athletics Club was formed in 2001 with the amalgamation of the two previous athletics clubs in the county...Cleddeau Athletic and Preseli Harriers. The club is based at the all weather track at Sir Thomas Picton School in Haverfordwest and is the only athletics club in Pembrokeshire incorporating track and field, cross country and road running under the same banner.
Track & Field
News & Results
- Sep 26NEW : Harriers Winter Training Information
- Sep 1End of Summer Track and Field season roundup
- Aug 31Great success for Pembs Harriers athletes last weekend in Brecon and Bedford
- Aug 25LAST SPRINT SESSION OF SEASON
- Aug 23SPRINT TRAINING INFO
- Aug 22Pembs Harriers Junior Team do well in the Welsh Athletics Junior League Cup Final. Results etc...
- Aug 17Great success at the Welsh Athletics Championships ...Results,athletes etc....
- Aug 12Harriers Junior Team at Welsh Junior Cup Final....Information
- Apr 16Upcoming Events/Competitions..July / August 2016
- Aug 4Lucy, Abbie and James competing for Wales this Saturday....
Cross Country
News & Results
- Mar 10UK Cross Country Birmingham. Accomodation available
- Mar 42016 - 2017 Membership and Registration Information
- Feb 25Dyfed Primary School Cross Country 2016 Information
- Feb 23Dyfed Primary School Cross Country 2016
- Jan 26Training for Tuesday 26th January 2016 U11's cancelled
- Jan 12Welsh XC Champs 2016 Singleton Park Swansea
- Jan 12Dyfed Secondary School Cross Country Champs 2016
- Dec 11Training over the Christmas Holidays
- Nov 24Primary School Cross Country Races at Builth Wells
- Nov 24WELSH XC RELAY RESULTS
Road Running
News & Results
- Mar 42016 - 2017 Membership and Registration Information
- Sep 1Reminder: Haverfordwest road runners training at the racecourse for September
- Apr 14Training Tuesday 14th April
- Mar 4Club Membership and Welsh Registration 2015/2016
- Jan 5Road Running Meeting
- Aug 18END OF SEASON TRAINING BREAK
- Jul 1Poppit Sands
- Mar 15NEW : Pembrokeshire Harriers Athletics Club AGM
- Mar 2CLUB MEMBERSHIP IS NOW DUE FOR 2014/2015
- Feb 12Beginners' Night Wed 12/02/14 cancelled