text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 6, 1998
|Filing date
|Aug 2, 1995
|Priority date
|Oct 21, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James S. Bianco
|Original Assignee
|Bianco; James S.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (18), Classifications (42), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/395,417, filed Feb. 27, 1995, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/985,840, filed Dec. 3, 1992, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/921,418, filed Jul. 27, 1992, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/780,155, filed Oct. 21, 1991, abandoned, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference hereinto.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to lock systems generally and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a novel electronic lock system which is especially useful in monitoring use of the lock.
2. Background Art
In many situations, it would be desirable to have a record of who opened a lock, when the lock was opened, and for how long the lock was opened. One such situation, for example, is access to slot machine mechanisms.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a lock system which is capable of monitoring use of a lock.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a lock system which can record who opened a lock, when the lock was opened, and for how long the lock was opened.
It is an additional object of the invention to provide such a lock system that is compact and can be easily retrofitted to systems in which mechanical key locks are employed.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a lock system which is economical to construct.
Other objects of the present invention, as well as particular features, elements, and advantages thereof, will be elucidated in, or be apparent from, the following description and the accompanying drawing figures.
The present invention achieves the above objects, among others, by providing, in one preferred embodiment, an electronic lock, comprising: an enclosure; a barrel member rotatable between locked and unlocked positions; electronic circuitry disposed within said enclosure; said barrel member including communication means in electrical engagement with key means when said key means is inserted in said barrel means, said communication means transmitting communication signals to and from said key means and said electronic circuitry; first slidable contact means attached to said electronic circuitry and slidable on said communication means as said barrel means rotates to transmit said communication signals to and from said communication means and said electronic circuitry; and said first slidable contact means further serving as part of sensor means to detect the locked and unlocked status of said barrel member. In a further embodiment, there is provided an electronic lock, comprising: an enclosure; and a barrel member rotatable between locked and unlocked positions, said barrel member being selectively configurable in the field to rotate one of first and second selected degrees of rotation. In yet another embodiment, there is provided a method of monitoring use of an electronic lock, comprising: storing in memory in said lock information as to who opened said lock, when said lock was opened, and for how long said lock was opened; and subsequently using an audit key to transfer said information from said memory to said audit key.
Understanding of the present invention and the various aspects thereof will be facilitated by reference to the accompanying drawing figures, submitted for purposes of illustration only and not intended to define the scope of the invention, on which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an electronic lock constructed according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary rear elevational view showing the latching mechanism of the electronic lock.
FIGS. 3A-3D are fragmentary rear elevational views showing the detection of unlocking of the lock.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a component of the electronic lock.
FIGS. 5A and 5B comprise a block logic diagram showing operation of the lock.
Reference should now be made to the drawing figures, on which similar or identical elements are given consistent identifying numerals throughout the various figures thereof, and on which parenthetical references to figure numbers direct the reader to the view(s) on which the element(s) being described is (are) best seen, although the element(s) may be seen also on other views.
FIG. 1 illustrates an electronic lock constructed according to the present invention, generally indicated by the reference numeral 10, mounted, for example, to an existing cabinet door 12.
Lock 10 includes a face cover 20 having an integral rearwardly extending hub 22 which hub fits into a complementarily shaped double-D opening 24 defined in cabinet door 12 to prevent the rotation of the face cover and hub relative to the cabinet door. A cylindrical drive hub 30 is inserted into and rotates within member 22. Drive hub 30 has defined in the front portion thereof an opening (not shown) to accept therein a key or wrench (not shown) which may be the oval wrench described in the above-referenced application Ser. No. 08/395,417. Two drive pins 36 and 38 inserted into holes 40 and 42 defined in the rear face of drive hub 30 attach the drive hub to, in order, a first insulator 48, a communication plate 50, a second insulator 52, and a lock hub 54. Lock hub 54 is attached to a lock bar 60 by means of a screw 62, the lock bar engaging a surface, such as surface 64, for example, to prevent cabinet door 12 from being opened.
Lock 10 further includes a printed circuit board 70 having electronic circuitry, including a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory, mounted thereon and two contact wires 72 and 74 extending therefrom. An unlock solenoid 80 includes a lock plate 82 at the end thereof which engages a step 84 formed on lock hub 54 when lock 10 is in its locked position. A spring 86 biases lock plate 82 into the locked position when unlock solenoid 80 is unenergized.
All the components of lock 10, except for lock bar 60, are disposed in a housing 90 attached to the rear surface of cabinet door 12 and having a rear cover plate 92, the components being secured together and attached to the rear surface of the cabinet door by means of two screws 94 and 96 extending through rear cover plate 92, holes 100 and 102 defined through the front of the housing, and into the cabinet door. A spacer 106 extends between rear cover plate 92 and the front of housing 90.
With reference also to FIG. 2, the action of unlock solenoid 80 is illustrated. Lock plate 82 is shown, in solid lines, engaging step 84 on lock hub 54 to prevent the rotation thereof. When unlock solenoid 80 is energized, lock plate 82 is withdrawn from engagement with step 84, as shown in broken lines, and lock hub 54 is free to rotate counterclockwise as indicated by the arrow, thus disengaging lock bar 60 (FIG. 1) from surface 64 so that cabinet door 12 may be opened.
When lock 10 is subsequently locked by rotating lock hub 54 and the other rotating members clockwise, the lock hub is stopped at its home position by means of engagement of stop plate 82 with step 84.
Lock 10 is arranged so that the same components may be employed for either 90-degree or 180-degree rotation of the rotating lock members. If 90-degree rotation is desired, lock bar 60 is used in the position shown, with a stop pin 120 extending forwardly of the lock bar and engaging an arcuate channel 122 defined in the rear surface of rear cover plate 92. As lock bar 60 is rotated counterclockwise during unlocking of lock 10, stop pin 120 will enter and move within channel 122. When stop pin 120 engages the upper limit of channel 122, further counterclockwise rotation of the lock bar and the other rotating components of lock 10 past 90 degrees will be prevented. If, on the other hand, 180-degree rotation is desired, lock bar 60 is removed from lock hub 54, reversed, and reattached to the lock hub, with stop pin 120 facing rearwardly, thus permitting full rotation of the rotating members of lock 10 to the 180-degree position. The 180-degree position is determined by a rotation stop pin 110, fixed in an opening 112 defined in rear cover plate 92, engaging a channel 114 defined in lock hub 54, as is more clearly shown on FIG. 4. As will be understood from FIG. 4, counterclockwise rotation of lock hub 54 will terminate when rotation stop pin 110 engages wall 116 of channel 114. The selection of degree of rotation does not have to be made until lock 10 is being installed in the field.
Lock 10 is quite compact and can be easily retrofitted to installations where mechanical key locks were previously installed.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, two contact wires 72 and 74 are disposed so as to contact communication plate 50 for communication through a conductive post 130 on the communication plate, which conductive post electrically engages a contact pin on the key (not shown), as is described in the above-referenced application Ser. No. 08/395,417, for communication between the circuitry on board 70 and the key, as is also described in that application. The use of two contact wires 72 and 74 is used in the present invention to determine when lock 10 is in an unlocked position. FIG. 3A illustrates the position of communication plate 50 when lock 10 is in the locked position. Here, contact wires 72 and 74 complete and electrical path between board 70 and communication plate 50. When unlocking begins and the rotating components of lock 10 have been rotated about 30 degrees counterclockwise, as is shown on FIG. 3B, the electrical path is broken, since contact wire 74 no longer contacts communication plate 50, thus indicating an unlocked, or unlocking, condition. FIGS. 3C and 3D illustrate that no communication signal is received on contact wire 74 in either the 90-degree or 180-degree unlock positions. At all times, the communication signal is transmitted on contact wire 72.
Reference should now be made to FIGS. 5A and 5B for an understanding of the method of the present invention for monitoring use of lock 10.
The present invention contemplates the use of three keys: a master key, an audit key, and a service key.
The master key is used to write a password to the memory of lock 10 or to change a previously written password. At step 200, the master key is inserted in lock 10, power is applied to the lock at step 202, the lock responds with a request for key status at step 204 and, at step 206, information is exchanged and an unlock command given by the key to the lock, all similar to the description in detail in application Ser. No. 08/395,417.
At step 208, lock 10 determines if the key is a valid master key. If yes, the new password is written to the non-volatile memory in lock 10, at step 210, and, at step 212, time-stamped positive acknowledgment is transmitted to the key.
If step 208 determines that the key is not a valid master key, that is, it is an audit key, a service key, or an unauthorized key, step 214 determines if the password given by the key is valid. If the password is not valid, step 216 records the number of password attempts in the memory of lock 10 and step 218 determines if the number of attempts has exceeded five. If the number of attempts has exceeded 5, step 220 terminates lock responses. If the number of attempts has not exceeded five, then the procedure returns to step 204. Permitting five attempts at access filters out errors due to noise, incorrect inputting of the user's PIN, and like events.
If step 214 determines that the password is valid, step 230 clears from memory the number of prior attempts with this key. Step 232 then determines if data is requested. If data is requested, that signifies that this key is an audit key and step 234 records the fact in memory. Then the data in memory as to who unlocked lock 10, when the lock was unlocked, and for how long the lock was unlocked is transmitted to the key at step 236 and step 238 transmits a transaction completion status.
If step 232 determines that data is not requested, that signifies that the key is a service key and step 250 records in memory the key number, the date, the time, and the PIN of the user. Step 252 transmits a ready to unlock signal, solenoid 80 (FIG. 1) is activated at step 254, and an unlock timer is started at step 256. Step 258 continuously senses whether there is an unlocked condition and if it is not and step 260 determines that the unlock timer has not yet reached timeout, step 258 continues to look for unlock. If timeout is reached before unlock, the unlocking procedure is aborted and step 262 requires that the unlocking procedure restart.
When step 258 senses that lock 10 is unlocked (FIG. 3B), the transaction is noted in memory at step 270 and an unlocked timer is started at 272. Step 274 continuously detects if lock 10 is locked and, if not, the unlocked timer is periodically decremented at step 276. If unlocked timer timeout is not found at step 278, the unlocked timer continues to be decremented until timeout. Then, memory is updated at step 270 and the procedure reiterated until lock 10 is locked. This particular procedure is employed to minimize the amount of memory used. A clock signal may be received from the key for use by the unlock and unlocked timers. When step 274 determines that lock 10 is locked, step 280 advises the microprocessor to expect loss of power.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those elucidated in, or made apparent from, the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown on the accompanying drawing figures shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 3, 1922
|Mar 25, 1924
|American Hardware Corp
|Pin-tumbler lock
|Oct 10, 1927
|Dec 18, 1928
|Glenn W Watson
|Electric lock
|May 29, 1936
|Nov 2, 1937
|Wells Milton H
|Lock latch
|Feb 20, 1937
|Jan 11, 1938
|Clementine De Giuli
|Electric lock
|Oct 9, 1946
|Jul 5, 1949
|Ray Chaulk
|Electric key lock
|Dec 5, 1961
|Jul 21, 1964
|Schlage Lock Co
|Cabinet lock
|Jun 28, 1979
|Oct 27, 1981
|Datakey, Inc.
|Microelectronic memory key with receptacle and systems therefor
|Aug 28, 1980
|Nov 16, 1982
|Benoit Ouellet
|Vehicle door lock
|May 17, 1988
|Mar 20, 1990
|Liberty Telephone Communications, Inc.
|High security door locking device
|Jan 21, 1992
|Oct 6, 1992
|Aba Locks Manufacturer Co., Ltd.
|Adjustable cam lock
|Oct 11, 1990
|Aug 16, 1994
|Intellikey Corporation
|Electronic lock and key system
|Jan 24, 1994
|Apr 16, 1996
|Intellikey Corp.
|Eurocylinder-type assembly for electronic lock and key system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 4, 1998
|Oct 26, 1999
|Bianco; James S.
|Electronic lock system and use thereof
|Dec 8, 2000
|May 30, 2006
|Computerized Security Systems, Inc.
|Electronic lock
|Jun 14, 2011
|The Knox Company
|Electronic lock and key assembly
|Oct 2, 2012
|Knox Associates
|Holding coil for electronic lock
|Jan 8, 2013
|Knox Associates
|Electronic lock and key assembly
|Dec 5, 2012
|Jun 10, 2014
|The Knox Company
|Electronic lock and key assembly
|Dec 5, 2012
|May 26, 2015
|Knox Associates, Inc.
|Capacitive data transfer in an electronic lock and key assembly
|Dec 22, 2014
|Aug 18, 2015
|Strattec Security Corporation
|Ignition lock steering column lock assembly
|Jun 4, 2014
|Aug 23, 2016
|The Knox Company
|Electronic lock and key assembly
|Nov 8, 2002
|Mar 3, 2005
|Min Byong Do
|Digital door lock capable of detecting its operation states
|Jul 22, 2005
|Dec 29, 2005
|Moon Charles W
|Electronic lock
|Jul 22, 2005
|Jan 5, 2006
|Moon Charles W
|Electronic lock
|Jul 22, 2005
|Jan 5, 2006
|Moon Charles W
|Electronic lock
|Jun 3, 2005
|Dec 7, 2006
|Rene Guinard
|Linkage pin and method of manufacturing the same
|Dec 22, 2014
|Apr 23, 2015
|Strattec Security Corporation
|Ignition lock steering column lock assembly
|Feb 26, 2015
|Jun 25, 2015
|Sargent Manufacturing Company
|Locking device with embedded circuit board
|Nov 9, 2012
|May 15, 2013
|Etablissements Thirard
|Electromechanical lock
|Jun 27, 2001
|Jan 3, 2002
|Patentek, Inc.
|Method and system of securely collecting, storing, and transmitting information
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 4, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 26, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 22, 2006
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 7
|May 22, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 10, 2010
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 6, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 23, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20101006


text:
This has to be the best Wendy's I have every been to. The service was very quick and we did not feel rushed. The food was served steaming hot and the team was extremely friendly. Music in the lobby was very comfortable and was different the other restaurants a mix of 80's, 90's jazz, and more, music was very appropriate for the children. The manager come out of chatted asked how we where doing refill's where offered and they took the trash away when we where done with our meals. the experience that we had will truly bring us back to this location time and time again. Thank you guys!
Anchorage Quiznos
1. QuiznosMenu
607 W Northern Lights Blvd # 4Anchorage, AK 99503
From Business: ,
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3421 E Tudor RdAnchorage, AK 99507
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The food was gross and the manager screamed at his employee right in front of us about how thick he was slicing t he mushrooms
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From Business: Denver-based Quiznos is one of the leading quick service restaurant chains in the United States. Started with a single restaurant in 1981, the chain company now has…
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order taker was new, got everything right great food!
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3200 Spenard RdAnchorage, AK 99503
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3812 Spenard RdAnchorage, AK 99517
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123 W Northern Lights BlvdAnchorage, AK 99503
From Business: Stop into the KFC in Anchorage, AK for an Original Recipe, Extra Crispy, or Kentucky Grilled Chicken meal today. Free Wi-fi available.
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11111 Omalley Centre DrAnchorage, AK 99515
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CORNER Of 15th & IngraAnchorage, AK 99501
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320 W 5th St, SP, #406 Anchorage, AK 99501
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From Business: Established in 1926, Orange Julius is an ice cream parlor and serves various smoothies to its guests. The restaurant's menu includes fruit/light smoothies, fruit dr…
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good service, you do get what you order.
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4350 Spenard RdAnchorage, AK 99517
From Business: Founded in 1955, McDonald s is a global food service retailer that operates more than 30,000 locations in over 100 countries. The restaurant serves various shakes, …
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3727 Spenard RdAnchorage, AK 99517
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4500 Business Park BlvdAnchorage, AK 99503
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3901 Raspberry Rd Unit 1Anchorage, AK 99502
From Business: Tastee Freez is a restaurant ice-cream parlor which provides various food items and different kinds of ice-creams to the clients. It offers various menu items consi…
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800 E Dimond BlvdAnchorage, AK 99515
From Business: ,
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343 W Benson Blvd Ste 11Anchorage, AK 99503
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3705 Arctic BlvdAnchorage, AK 99503
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2205 E Tudor Rd Ste 39Anchorage, AK 99507
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28. Big Boy Burger/Express Market
The Prices are Wonderful and very reasonable. The food is prepared very quickly and given to you on time. The service is wonderful, and the food tas…
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800 E Dimond BlvdAnchorage, AK 99515
30. Burger King
FORT Richardson Bldg 9Anchorage, AK 99505
From Business: Burger King in Anchorage ,AK, home of the WHOPPER sandwich, is known for fast food burgers, breakfast, lunch and dinner.
I Always go to Taco Bell every night at about 2:00 A.M. The two workers that I always see there have great attitudes. I am always treated with respect and kindess. I recommend this Taco Bell to all my friends. Every time i go to another Taco Bell, the workers are rude and they forget some of my food. Thanks Lisa
I bought a Cantina Burrito tonight that was steak and it was horrible. The kids there are too busy screwing around and made my Steak burrito without any meat. It had sour cream, lettuce, guacamole, and sauce but nothing else. Doing that job is not hard, give me a break people...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fire Prompts Partial Evacuation at Vegas' Golden NuggetHotel guests on three floors of a downtown Las Vegas high-rise casino were evacuated in the middle of the night after a fire that authorities have linked to smoking.
Coroner Identifies Man Who Died After Las Vegas House FireOfficials have identified a man who died after being found inside a Las Vegas home that caught fire last week.
Trailer Home Fires Leaves 2 Hurt, 1 Critically Injured in Las VegasA fire official says one person is hospitalized in critical condition and another was treated at the scene of a fire that gutted a trailer home in northeast Las Vegas.
Las Vegas Natural Gas Fire Capped; No Injuries, DamagePolice and fire officials reported no injuries and no homes damaged after a fire fueled by escaping natural gas from a damaged underground conduit in a northwest Las Vegas residential neighborhood.
Northwest Las Vegas House Heavily Damaged By FireA northwest Las Vegas home sustained extensive damage after a fire with several small explosions occurred in the home.
Fire Damages West Sahara Avenue BusinessFire Is Ruled Accidental By Firefighters
Two Downtown Apartment Buildings Damaged By Fire22 People Are Displaced By Fire.
Barbecue Starts Fire In Las Vegas HomeOne Pet Cat Died In The Fire
Update on Fort McMurray Fire SurvivorOfficials at Fort McMurray hope that the damp weather coming in will help calm the fire that is continuing to threaten homes.
Top Spots To See Spring Wildflowers In Las VegasWildflowers are best to bloom in the lowest elevations, making the Las Vegas valley the perfect place to see some of the most riveting arrays of flowers this spring.
Interview with Fort McMurray Resident After Fire EvacuationFort McMurray resident discusses evacuation process after being ordered to leave her home as soon as possible as the fire became a danger to the city.
Electrical Fire Damages Strip MallThe cause of the electrical fire was determined to be accidental. Total loss is estimated at $150,000.


text:
Customer Reviews for Back By Demand (3)
April 4, 2012
Barbra is a superbly trained Holistic Health Practitioner. She truly loves her clients. She massaged me for years. I HIGHLY recommend her.
July 24, 2008
Most experienced therapist
I have been to this spa regularly for many health issues and have always had the most professional, most healing and relaxing experience every time. I highly recommend you go and see for yourself how wonderful they all are.
February 28, 2007
so relaxing and calm!
the ambiance alone starts to relax your tense muscle. it's filled with the scent of lavender, soothing music and dim lights, the practitioner i had was very profesional who worked my stresed points in my neck and back that gave me great relief. after the session she even gave me health teachings, i felt they really cared and that alone is relaxing.
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Ryan optimistic about GOP majorities in House and Senate
Naomi Jagoda 09/28/16 09:24 AM EDT
On the Senate, Ryan said: "I feel better about it today than I have in months."
Naomi Jagoda 09/28/16 09:24 AM EDT
On the Senate, Ryan said: "I feel better about it today than I have in months."
Scott Wong 09/26/16 05:22 PM EDT
"I think we are in a much stronger position than anyone has thought," he said.
Timothy Cama 09/23/16 10:16 AM EDT
A major environmental group is targeting two Republicans.
Katie Bo Williams and Scott Wong 09/22/16 04:21 PM EDT
The campaign of opponent Ro Khanna said the lawsuit "is really about: politics."
September 19, 2016, 07:42 pm
By Jonathan Swan
The complaint was brought by the liberal group CREW.
Julian Hattem 09/19/16 04:50 PM EDT
"We believe, as president, Donald Trump would simply make America less safe."
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The Congressional Leadership Fund is attacking Joe Garcia in a race between two Hispanic...
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Melanie Zanona 09/13/16 01:42 PM EDT
Recent resignations underscore the party divide brewing in Pennsylvania's 9th District.
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Boston, MAUSA
Hometown: Boston, MA
January 13, 2013
16 years
Going to cultural events, getting together for a meal or afternoon tea....
I have been visiting England for the last 30 years and always loved my stay and enjoyed, appreciated the differences with the French background I have. Now as my sister lives in London I visit even more often....
European North African background medical doctor who moved from Europe to do research and end up by staying....
I enjoyed the meeting. It is great to have some British atmosphere right in Walpole/Norwood. Thank you guys, and see next time.
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Endorsement for AndrewsOctober 05,2012Rep. Peg Andrews has the experience of serving her community for six years. Having worked in the Legislature with Peg, I know that she works hard, knows the issues, watches out for Rutland City and fights hard for her constituents.
She is knowledgeable about how to get things done, and it is important to have her experience in government at this critical time. If you live in the southeastern section of the city (and vote at Christ the King School), be sure to vote for Peg Andrews. She will represent you well.
Rep. GALE COURCELLE
RutlandMORE IN LettersImmigration is the main reason Britons are leaving the E.U. Full StoryYou cannot meet Korrine Rodrigue without wondering how much better Rutland County and the state... Full StorySince 2008, our country has been transformed. Full Story
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Kim Davis' Supporters, In Their Own Words: 'Courageous,' 'Heroic'
Hide captionKentucky clerk Kim Davis accepts an award from conservative group Family Research Council Friday.C-Span
Hide captionAttendees listen to speeches at the Values Voter Summit in Washington, D.C. on Friday.Jun Tsuboike/NPR
Hide captionSenator John McCain spoke in the morning, and walked around the exhibit hall. Attendees stopped him while he walked to take photos with the senator from Arizona/former Presidential candidate at the summit.Jun Tsuboike/NPR
Hide captionThe exhibit sponsored by the Conservative Political Action Committee featured a game to match quotes with the presidential candidates.Jun Tsuboike/NPR
1 of 4View slideshow i
Kim Davis, the Kentucky clerk who went to jail after refusing to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, was honored Friday at the Values Voter Summit in Washington, D.C. She was presented, to a standing ovation, the "Cost of Discipleship" Award by the conservative Family Research Council, which sponsored the summit.
"I am only one, but we are many," she said tearfully as she accepted the award. We spoke to some of Davis' supporters (along with one attendee who doesn't agree with her actions). Hear their voices below:
Samantha MartinezJun Tsuboike/NPR
"She took a more outward stance than most of us are able to or have the opportunity to. So I think what she did was very courageous and very brave of her. And I'm glad that people here are taking that opportunity to thank her for what she's done."
"She took a more outward stance than most of us are able to"
Thomas SimpsonJun Tsuboike/NPR
"I was just walking down the hallway, and then I see a woman — all the pictures I've seen are online with a skirt and super long brown hair — I'm like oh my gosh, that's Kim Davis! I texted my parents like 'I just saw Kim Davis!' I really like Kim Davis ... And I just want her to know that there's people who support her, and are basically praying for her, that she continues just to stay firm in what she believes in."
"There's people who support her and ... are praying for her"
Alex Melusky
Melusky is running for Senate in Arizona.
"I do support her. It is the law on the books, it is her job as an executive to enforce the laws written by the legislative branch. ... You can't follow the Supreme Court on everything."
"It's the law on the books"
Tyler Sawyer
"I think her actions were heroic."
"Her actions were heroic"
Marquis Gough
"Religious liberty is indeed an important thing, I don't think the way she went about it was correct. Personally, I believe that if she disagrees, which she does, with same-sex marriage then either she should have one of her deputies sign these certificates and issue them not in her name or she should simply resign her position. Because she took an oath to uphold the law and the law is now that gay marriage is constitutional whether or not we agree with it."
"I don't think the way she went about it was correct"


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This is a nice SLOW GAITED BLACK ROCKY MOUNTAIN GELDING. He is very gentle and can be ridden by youth and beginner riders without any trouble. He stands…SOLD
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FastUpload is a project that never ends cause people will always need a simple yet smart way of storing files for various purposes. With FastUpload, powered by a slim flash uploader and the dynamic form maker you can crate the best upload site. Since the systems are just half the site, we included the possibility to crate custom pages and edit them with a rich text editor advanced with display templates and image & video files.Visit publisher site: FastUpload
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text:
Although penned as a contribution to a weekly tradition that has emerged on the social media page of a, ahem, 'collective' I used to ride with, it seemed churlish not to recycle the content here too…
"I'd better start with an introduction because I have no doubt that few, if any, of the Dodici will recognise my name. Although a flurry of messages exchanged with the sage Neil Appleby did underline the ubiquity of this situation, a theme to which I shall return in the main body of my text.
Like Hemingway in Paris, or the Beatles in Hamburg, I spent a short but formative period of my youth in Birmingham, albeit in my own case pedalling through my apprentice as a cyclist alongside tottering early steps on my actual 'day job' career ladder. As a result, from mid 2005 until late 2006, I did a fair chunk of riding on Saturday mornings, and Wednesday evenings, on routes that will be very familiar to you, the current crop of SD riders. And so, with a heavy nod to self indulgent reminiscing (aren't soapboxes for ranting chaotically from anyway?), I'm going to take advantage of this platform to wax lyrical about that time in what should be read as a thinly veiled thankyou letter to 'the 7:12' and those characters who shaped me in my early days as a cyclist… Also, in a vain attempt to keep in touching distance of the impressive authoring of contributors to date (proof that the SD enjoys Galacticos both of the road, and of the pen), I'll also be attempting to weave a smattering of pseudo-intelligent cultural & sporting references into my prose, some obscure, some more obvious. I'm genuinely interested in whether people can decipher them all…
My story began, as so many did, with a naive step through a tatty yellow door, quickly followed by a brusque assessment by a lanky Antipodean, of what items I'd be taking home in exchange for a wedge of my hard earned salary, and a parting shot of an invite (was it an order?) to a 7am rendezvous that coming weekend. I get the impression that he prefers the thwack of leather on willow these days, as is a mans prerogative, but undoubtedly we all owe a thankyou to Alister.
It's useful to reflect on the words of LP Hartley at this point, indeed: "the past is a foreign country: they do things differently there". And so it was in mid-2005. Cycling itself was in a very different place to where it is found today: electronic shifters were outmoded nonsense from the past, (justifiable?) treachery in Madrid was yet to come, the Boss hadn't even racked up all his TdF titles yet.
But more notably (and this is the crucial plot hinge) we didn't have social media: Facebook was yet to be unleashed on the world, GPS was rare and Strava a dream for the future. And so, despite me wanting to say 'thankyou' to people who made a great impression on me, I barely know what they are called. At best you might catch a forename but, all in the same shades and helmet disguise, riders were usually primarily discernable by bike ("you know, he's got 'Big Leg Emma' written on the fattest chainstay I've ever seen"…), their performance astride said machine and the content of the chat you might exchange as you rotated through the group ("Haven't seen you out much – but you're going well though?". "Yes, I usually spend Oct – Feb cross country running instead of cycling – but when I come back I just tell everyone I haven't ridden a bike all winter!").
For me, one particularly moment stands out in the memory from the performance side. When I first rolled out from Bristol Street there was only one ride option – go North. And as a result there was only one place where it counted at 8:50 on a Saturday morning, after a run through roundabouts and traffic lights more frantic than the approach to the Cauberg during the Amstel Gold Race, glory was to be found on the Heartlands Parkway. I was soon to be given a masterclass in bike racing on this stage.
After several weeks of riding the route I'd learned how to best cope with the demands placed by the sojourn across the Wishaw road race course (the short incline always made the legs burn, the drag up to the bridge was always longer and harder than it should have been), and that Fox Hollies Road was not the place to launch 'a long one'… So, with pride coming before the fall, I harboured hopes of claiming scalps in the final sprint.
In my memory the rundown the A38 and into the last few turns was, on that particular day , punctuated by endless calls for care, pleas to hold a line neatly in the left hand lane, warnings about incoming cars. I'm sure it's a fabrication, to counterpoint what was to happen, but for whatever reason I found myself in a small bunch, plotting to make a move, but also thinking carefully about doing it within the full bounds of the Highway Code. The last roundabout was navigated, at speed, but cleanly – the familiar reticence in the pace began to signal that the collaboration was collapsing and there was nothing left for me to consider but when to soar away to victory.
Then, hunched low over his bars, Birmingham CC kit sleekly covering his modest stature, the roundhouse was dealt. Outside of Channel 4 coverage of Le Tour I'd never seen anyone attack in the opposite gutter before, and I'd certainly never seen it done on British roads. What genius. It may even have been accompanied by a cry of 'on the left' just to throw us further off our guards… We were left trailing in Marks wake, and I was starkly reminded of both how far I had to go physically, but also given a taste of the tactical acumen that I'd need to develop if I were to ever cut it in the heady heights of actual bike racing…
Thankfully I did learn the trade, supported along the way by a range of other characters from BRAT (Him: "Why don't you try triathlon?", Me: "Well, I can't swim", Him: "Don't worry – neither can we…"), the highest ranks of international amateur racing (In a shameless plug for my blog you can pick this point up here: https://meandthemountain.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/humility/), the less higher – but on occasion supremely more self confident – ranks of local amateur racing (Trek 5600 for a winter bike anyone?), and countless others.
Unfortunately, in a strange parallel to my training regimen, I find that I've not given myself enough time to write this Soapbox entry. I'd intended to (half) unveil characters more steadily, across a number of tales of sporting endeavour (or through the medium of their heckling of pretty young ladies from the coffee shop balcony at the Bullring), but TV coverage of Paris-Roubaix is calling. So, like that magical Scottish village, the 'shop ride' (as I knew it) will fade back into the fog of my memory, whilst I continue to consider whether I should maintain my search for another ride that has the wonderful camaraderie it held. For, although I have continued to ride since leaving Birmingham and (despite a hiatus enforced by the arrival of a protege of my own) maintain dreams of sprinting to victory, I have never found a group of individuals as inspiring, interesting or enjoyable as those with whom I rode out in the mid-2000's.
Chapeau gentlemen, and thankyou for the memories."
As a postscript, and considering I have waxed lyrical about the wonder of other group rides, and moaned about them too – it's true to say that ALL the cycling groups I've ridden with have had their good and bad, and I'm eternally grateful to have had company on tap when i've wanted it.


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Street scene in Frankenmuth Michigan.Frankenmuth is called Michigan's little Bavaria.
window house umbrella restaurant umbrellas veranda lamppost porch street scene
I love the colors in this shot. Great job!
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text:
- Value
- $125
- Discount
- 84%
- You Save
- $105
37 bought
Choose Between Three Options
- C$20 for 5 introductory boxing or muay thai group classes (a C$125 value)
- C$31 for 10 introductory boxing or muay thai group classes (a C$210 value)
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Click to learn more about each class type and to view the schedule.
Fine print
- Promotional value expires 120 days after purchase.
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- Valid for new members only.
- Limit 1 per person, may buy 1 additional as a gift.
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- Must redeem classes in full by the expiration date on your Coupon.
- Classes must be used by the same person.
- Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.
For Paul Brown, combat arts have been a way of life more for than 30 years, leading him to become the second-highest ranked fighter in the Canadian Lightweight Division and to train with the likes of Paul Biafore and Phil Carra. He boiled down his boxing knowledge to a simple fitness class to introduce the sport to beginners, which he now teaches at his personal studio, Paul Brown Boxfit. Other disciplines offered include jeet kune do—the martial art and philosophy developed by Bruce Lee—and muay thai, a form of kickboxing that makes use of the elbows and knees as well as fists and feet. They teach the expanded array of classes in the ample room in their new studio, which sits steps away from the Wellesley subway station, close enough to be convenient but far enough away to recapture fleeing punching bags before they board the train.


text:
Prebuilt Homes -Off Grid Cabin - Tiny House - Options You Can Afford For 10k
People Who Liked This Video Also Liked
Did this video help you?
SickKnowledge82: U should work with the metal one. Metal stays straight no warping or bending or shrinking over the years. If you drill pilot holes in to metal its the perfect thing to fasten to.
Beth Cunningham: its not simply $10000 you still have to finish it
Sandra Dickson: Set it on steel piers in concrete base......
A1sausie: Where do you take a crap in this thing?
Linda Dyer: I live in Ohio. I've been looking online for a place here that sells tiny homes but I haven't found any. I love this particular size and style. what's the name of the company that sells these? I'd like to get in contact with them to see where their closest business is to me.
Okie Rider: Are you in Noble, Oklahoma? I use to live there about 15 years ago.
Michael White: Please visit your nearest radio Shack and buy a windsock for your microphone.
John Smith: It looks pretty basic. I bet it costs about $5,000.00 to build from scratch in a day.
Cathy Lespearnce: wow amazing how many of these tiny homes did u guys sell
William Santiago: Sweet little house but that loft I would use it for storage because sleeping up there would be uncomfortable because of the heat. The roof panels are dark green and the sun would be baking on those panels so the heat up there would be terrible. Great video bud.
xpikasox: im looking for something like this in San Bernandino County
Michael O'Loughlin: Can you shot to California
Chuck Olmstead: Not enough windows...too dark inside. I want to freak this guy anyway.
wayne equitz: Lets get realistic on the price ! Add "LAND" plumbing interior electric>............ your better off buying a park model mobile home unless your a contractor and con do all of the extras, because it will have to be inspected by the local building inspector be4 you can sleep in it. The add ins with this one will be at least another $15 to 20K B4 you can move in, not including septic , mound system. This is a prime example of dreaming cheep.
Gryphon Word: I saw a smaller one with a taller loft for 500 in Tennessee
Truth 2027: Love this idea - the wooden cabin shell is beautiful. Looking for more of your videos to see what you have done with these.
Clarice White: Love it. Great price, and I want one!!! Moving to the mountains in New Mexico. This would be a great start. Cheaper than Home Depot.....
Kay Mac: Water? Heat? Insulation? "So much room in here" Da, no crap Sherlock cause it's EMPTY. No kitchen. No bath? It's nothing put a glorified garden shed. You my friend, are too easily impressed!
DAD 527: no phone number to place?
prebuilt homes -Off grid cabin - tiny house - options you can afford for 10k 5 out of 5


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BSO Conducting "Aggressive Driving" Patrol Friday Night
Whatever your plans for this Friday evening, just be sure of one thing: Do not drive like an asshole.
That's because the Broward Sheriff's Office is unleashing a cavalry of units known as the Broward County Aggressive Driving Task Force onto the streets to make sure you people pump the brakes a little and stop being so aggressive on the roads.
Dubbed Operation Friday Night Lights, the task force will be saturating the roads of Broward County tonight to "identify and stop dangerous drivers" throughout the usual busy Friday-night roads.
Unlike their DUI checkpoints, the operation isn't happening on any specific street or road.
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Instead, BSO is teaming up with other law enforcement agencies to form a sort of Voltron of cops to keep people from driving too fast and too aggressively, putting themselves and others in danger.
The other agencies include the Florida Highway Patrol as well as law enforcement officers from Margate, Coral Springs, Lauderhill, Coconut Creek, and Davie.
"Aggressive driving has become a serious problem on our roadways," says BSO Officer Gina Carter. "The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines aggressive driving as occurring when 'an individual commits a combination of moving traffic offenses so as to endanger other persons or property.'"
What cops specifically will be looking for are cars going over the speed limit, as well as cars that tailgate, make unsafe or erratic lane changes, and cars that run stop signs and yield signs.
Also, if you interpret a yellow light as a reason to speed up to avoid the red, you're going to want to chill. So, don't run any red lights, and do stop at a railroad crossing when the signals go off.
Be safe out there. And, be cool. THE TASK FORCE WILL BE WATCHING.
Send your story tips to the author, Chris Joseph. Follow Chris Joseph on Twitter
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text: I journeyed through various biochemistry and microbiology laboratories to finally end up writing code. Wrote my thesis in R and its topic was the investigation succession and functional shifts in marine deep subsurface microbial communities exposed to the seafloor by mud volcanism, by using large amounts of next generation sequencing data (Contribution to the Census of Deep Life Project (Deep Carbon Project, Sloan Foundation). My scientific interests lie in biodiversity research, metagenomics and ecoinformatics. Later I started applying the data analysis skills learned in academia in industry, and acquired additional web development and data visualisation skills.


text:
Talk about a security deposit!
Hizzoner hopeful Sal Albanese called for offering tenants in Sandy-smashed neighborhoods a year's rent to vacate their homes in preparation for the next superstorm.
The former Bay Ridge councilman's proposal would be an extension of Governor Cuomo's $400-million plan to buy out hurricane-hurt homeowners and convert their waterlogged properties into storm-absorbing wetlands. The governor argued that his plan would move residents out of vulnerable areas and create a barrier to future floods — and Albanese argued that tenants should get the same treatment.
"It's only right that renters and homeowners be treated in an equitable manner," said Albanese.
The Gracie Mansion contender suggested giving leaseholders the money in a lump sum — an amount that Albanese said might be based on an average for rents in the area.
"We would have to work out all of the numbers," the candidate said.
Albanese acknowledged that such a program would be expensive, and would likely require some state funding. But he argued that residents are entitled to the money because the government failed to brace New York for Sandy — despite repeated warnings from weather experts.
"The city and the state owe them that because they didn't protect those people from the storm," Albanese said.
The governor's plan has only gotten a weak response so far, with homeowners in just a few areas of Staten Island — but almost none in Brooklyn — agreeing to sell. Albanese acknowledged that renters may not jump aboard his buyout boat, either — but argued the government should still make the offer.
"It would allow them the opportunity to move elsewhere," said Albanese.Reach reporter Will Bredderman at wbredderma
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I haven't had a refrigerator in almost 2 months!!! this seems about right!
Travis SmithShared publicly -
Me Want!!!
You're already spending a small fortune on tuition, so forget paying to stay at your college's expensive dorm and just setup this Brew Cave walk-in cooler in the quad.
Add a comment...


text:
QuickBooks 2009 For Dummiesby Stephen L. Nelson
View All Available Formats & Editions
Got a business to run? QuickBooks makes small-business accounting easier, and QuickBooks 2009 For Dummies shows you how! Bookkeeping may not be your favorite part of running a small business, so learning to use QuickBooks might pay off in more ways than one.
QuickBooks helps you keep financial records, prepare invoices and record sales, pay bills, settle/i>
Got a business to run? QuickBooks makes small-business accounting easier, and QuickBooks 2009 For Dummies shows you how! Bookkeeping may not be your favorite part of running a small business, so learning to use QuickBooks might pay off in more ways than one.
QuickBooks helps you keep financial records, prepare invoices and record sales, pay bills, settle up at the end of the year, and more. In this guide, a top accounting and tax planning consultant tells you what you need to do to be ready for QuickBooks, then how to install and set up the program for your business. Discover how to:
- Use the latest version of QuickBooks to maintain your accounting records in compliance with tax laws
- Create invoices and credit memos, record sales receipts, set up inventory items, and monitor your inventory
- Record and pay bills, print checks, and process payroll, including withholding
- Balance accounts and generate financial reports
- Set up a business budget and reconcile your account
- Perform weekly, monthly, and annual record-keeping
- Create job estimates that can be easily converted into invoices or compared with actual costs
- Track accounts receivable and payable
- Produce reports that help you understand your customer list, vendors, job expenses, inventory, payroll, budget, and more
- Use job-costing procedure that help you estimate, bill, and track jobs
- Decide whether to use accrual-basis accounting or cash-basis accounting
Handling the financial chores with QuickBooks can put the fun back into owning your own business. QuickBooks 2009 For Dummies makes it easier!
Product Details
- 9780470391815
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Publication date:
- 11/03/2008
- Series:
- For Dummies Series
- Pages:
- 412
- Sales rank:
- 1,342,247
- Product dimensions:
- 7.30(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.00(d)
Meet the Author
Stephen L. Nelson, MBA, CPA provides accounting, business advisory, tax planning, and tax preparation services to small businesses. He belongs to the American Institute of CPAs and holds an MBA in Finance and a Masters in Taxation. His 100-plus books have sold more than four million copies.
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Much to basic and oversimplified. QuickBooks is a very sophisticated and involved program. For me, this book only seemed to provide information that was obvious, almost self apparent when using the program itself. It was of no use for more complicated tasks that I needed in the areas of payroll, online banking, and customized reports. To me it was a waste of money. I have found other "books for dummies" much more informative.
I did not find this book to be adequate for learning how to use QuickBooks for employment purposes. It does not give enough detail information especially about accounting procedures. I have an accounting background and I needed a book that showed bookkeeping procedures as well as the accounting theory behind it. The book is fine for people who are not that interested in learning the complete program. It is adequate to teach quick ways of doing certain tasks. If you want a more thorough guide to using QuickBooks, you should think about getting a book through Intuit.


text:
Real Estate Management and Development
Company Overview of Casto Lifestyle Properties, L.P.
Company Overview
Casto Lifestyle Properties, L.P., a real estate company, engages in the development, lease, and management of mixed-use lifestyle centers in the United States. It leases and operates a portfolio of mixed-use developments that consist of retail, office, and vertical residential properties with hotel, restaurant, and entertainment uses in Florida, Illinois, and North Carolina. Casto Lifestyle Properties, L.P. was formerly known as Casto Southeast Inc. and changed its name to Casto Lifestyle Properties, L.P. in September 2004. The company was founded in 1996 and is based in Sarasota, Florida.
401 North Cattlemen Road
Suite 108
Sarasota, FL 34232
United States
Founded in 1996
Key Executives for Casto Lifestyle Properties, L.P.
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2013 Gray AQHA Filly *5-Panel N/N* Sire: Junewoods Gerrie, 160 AQHA Points in Heading, Heeling, and Tie-Down Roping - AQHA Superior Heeling - 3x ABRA…SOLD
This filly is bred to run with her outstanding pedigree!...With greats as Frenchmans Guy, Royal Quick Dash, Disco Jerry and Sir Alibi all on her papers…SOLD
Beautiful Bay Roan Ranch Broke Gelding. Rio a very versatile ranch gelding. You can rope off of him, we have roped the heel-o-matic on him and just started…SOLD
Here is a well bred colt! We bought him for halter showing and he is physically turning into a performance horse. We purchased him almost a year ago and…SOLD
SALE PENDING!!!! This colt will have speed and size to excel in any discipline. He has Frenchmans Guy and Disco Jerry on top and out of a great grand…SOLD
SALE PENDING!!!!! *** http://www.allbreedpedigree.com/bff+easy+guy+too+fly - This boy is a very nicely bred colt with the pedigree to excel in just about…SOLD
Masters Cutn Chick, aka "Chick", is a 10 year old registered Quarter Horse mare with a nice set of cutting/reining papers to back her up. Her sire (also…SOLD
Saturdays Gold, aka "Mama" (named by my toddler), is an 11 year old (barely, she's a July baby) registered palomino Quarter Horse mare. She stands 15.1…SOLD


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All hotels in Lyon, France
1 room, 2 adults
73-75, Rue du President Edouard Herriot, Lyon, Rhone, 69002, France, 1-877-214-4288
Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts - Lyon
Lowest price$120
available on 10/02/16
Situated in La Presqu'ile, steps from Place des Jacobins and within a short walk of Bellecour Square, Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts is a 4-star city center Lyon hotel. Staying here, you'll also be within a short walk of Lyon City Hall and Lyon Museum of Fine Arts.
Free WiFi, dry cleaning/laundry and an elevator (lift) are offered at this hotel. The bar/lounge is a perfect place to have a drink. Multilingual staff at the 24-hour front desk can provide tour/ticket assistance and express check-in.
Free WiFi, dry cleaning/laundry and an elevator (lift) are offered at this hotel. The bar/lounge is a perfect place to have a drink. Multilingual staff at the 24-hour front desk can provide tour/ticket assistance and express check-in.
See all 278 Venere.com reviews
Fantastic service
Great location
Good internet service
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5
From 671 reviews
Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts - Lyon
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $120
- Junior Suite, 1 King Bed
- Standard Room, 2 Single Beds
- Standard Room, 1 Double Bed
- Junior Suite, 1 King Bed
- Superior Room, 1 Double Bed
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 76 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 5 floors
- 24-hour check-in
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum guest age is 18
- Minimum check-in age is 18
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- One child (12 years old and younger) stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- 1 per room
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Discounted offsite parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
Things to do
- Free bicycles on site
Working away
- One meeting room
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Elevator/lift
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
Home comforts
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
Sleep well
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Soundproofed rooms
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub or shower
- Rainfall showerhead
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- 41-inch LED TV
- Premium TV channels
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
Food and drink
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts - Lyon's small print
Also known as
- Mercure Beaux Arts
- Mercure Beaux Arts Hotel
- Mercure Beaux Arts Hotel Lyon Centre
- Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts
- Accor Lyon Beaux Arts
- Mercure Lyon Beaux-Arts Hotel Lyon
- Mercure Lyon Centre Beaux Arts Hotel
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1.65 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 13 years of age.
Optional extras
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 18.9 for adults and EUR 0 for children (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 12 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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"For us, the idea of having a work that has contradictions is very important—when, in affirming something, it includes itself and attacks itself. How can you put together all of these things that have nothing to do with each other? You use glue! Glue can be an idea, a word. You can use an ideological glue."
"The category of nature is not something that the field of science has a monopoly on. It is something that everyone has a say in what gets to be nature at a particular time for a particular group of people. And I think that in order to motivate people to care about the natural world around us, one of our chief tools is going to be an aesthetic sensibility."
- Mark Dion


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Gaming and social dysfunctionality - a fading stigma
Gaming and social dysfunctionality - a fading stigma
Jun 08, 2008 5:15AM PST
The launch of second generation consoles (Xbox360, Playstation 3, Nintendo Wii) has captured a broader market including casual gamers, families, housewives, office workers and domestic/global travellers. People who only a few years back never gave videogames a second thought are now starting to show interest in gaming as a socially acceptable form of leisure and entertainment.
While geek culture is as strong as it has ever been, gaming has morphed and now includes a healthy wedge of Generation X and Y'rs who would have thought twice over 5 years ago about mentioning they enjoyed gaming as a hobby.
Identifying yourself as a gamer is no longer synonomous with being seen as socially dysfunctional.
The arrival of the Nintendo Wii is now widely regarded in gaming circles as the single most important hardware innovation in the world of gaming. The Wii has led the way in encouraging mainstream society to embrace playing videogames to bring people together to have fun and interact in new and interesting ways never before imagined.
Along with key titles such as Singstar and Buzz on the PS3, and the Guitar Hero and RockBand franchises, the range of titles popping up on the Wii is steadily bringing gaming off the PC desk and into the family living room to break down previous barriers to the appeal of social gaming to a broader cross section of the community.
Comments (1)
gaming in the limelight...Posted: Jun 09, 2008 12:00AM PST by willystrife
Hard to believe I've been gaming for 20 years, and that there was a time when being a gamer was rare and largely frowned upon. But as always, the fact that gaming has since gone mainstream is a double-edged sword. The business is flooded with competition, all vying for your gaming dollars. As such, the larger publishers are not as willing to take risks and want their products to appeal to as many consumers as possible. This is the old EA approach of dumbing M-rated games down to a T, only the Wii has exacerbated this matter. I like the console and it has some great games, but Nintendo has all but abandoned the hardcore gamers that helped them build their business in favor of making sure grandma can play it too.


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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This cross-sectional and prospective study used a variety of psychological inventories to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial factors and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Participants were 304 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated as outpatients at diabetes clinics. All participants were assessed for HbA1c and completed the following self-report psychological inventories: 1) Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), 2) Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID), 3) Well-being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12), 4) Self-Esteem Scale (SES), 5) Social Support Scale, and 6) Self-Efficacy Scale. HbA1c was again measured one year later. The relationships between the psychosocial variables obtained by analysis of the psychological inventories and baseline or one-year follow-up HbA1c were determined.
Baseline HbA1cwas significantly correlated with age, diet treatment regimen, number of microvascular complication of diabetes, and the total scores of DTSQ, W-BQ12, PAID, SES and the Self-Efficacy Scale. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression revealed that significant predictors of baseline HbA1c were total DTSQ and PAID scores, along with age, diet treatment regimen, and number of microvascular complication of diabetes after adjustment for demographic, clinical and other psychosocial variables. Two hundred and ninety patients (95.4% of 304) were followed and assessed one year after baseline. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression analysis showed the significant predictors of follow-up HbA1c to be total DTSQ and PAID scores, along with age and diet treatment regimen. However, the correlation between baseline and follow-up HbA1c was so high that the only other variable to retain significance was diet treatment regimen once baseline HbA1c was included in the regression of follow-up HbA1c.
The DTSQ and the PAID predicted both current and future HbA1c to a similar and significant degree in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The clinical course of diabetes, especially glycemic control, is largely influenced by patient self-management. The success of self-management is rather dependant on psychosocial aspects at the individual, interpersonal, social, and community levels. Fewer studies of the relationship between glycemic control and psychosocial factors have been conducted for type 2 diabetes than for type 1 diabetes. In cross-sectional research on type 2 diabetes, self-efficacy [1-3] and diabetes coping [4] were associated with good treatment adherence and good glycemic control, whereas stressful life events [5] and daily environmental stress factors [6] have been shown to be associated with poor metabolic control. Depression has been shown to have a significant association with increased HbA1c [7,8]. In other reports, anxiety was associated with hyperglycemia [9], diabetes-specific distress influenced poor adherence and poor glycemic control [10,11], and high self-esteem [12] and social support [13] were found to relate to good adherence. Moreover, the patient-physician interpersonal relationship was reported to be a contributor to better diabetes outcomes [14]. However, only a few longitudinal [1,15]studies have examined the relationship between psychosocial factors and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
The aim of the present study was to do a prospective and cross-sectional investigation to clarify the relationship between various psychosocial variables and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes to determine the psychosocial variables most predictive of glycemic control.
Participants were 304 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients who were treated in outpatient diabetes clinics. Well-trained specialists in diabetes diagnosed patients according to the latest criteria of the Japan Diabetes Society: A fasting plasma glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dl or an oral glucose-tolerance test with a 2-hour post-load plasma glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl. Causal plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl was also regarded as diabetes. The study was approved by the ethics committees of Kitakyushu City Hospital, Tokushukai Hospital, and Iki Municipal Hospital, all of which are central hospitals in the region. The aim of the present study, as described in the background section, was explained to the patients orally and in writing by their physicians, who also distributed and collected the questionnaire booklets and obtained written informed consent.
The questionnaire consisted of six psychosocial inventories.
1) The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) consists of eight items, each with seven possible answers. Six of the eight items are designed specially to measure a person's satisfaction with their diabetes treatment regimen [16]. Two additional items are concerned with the perceived frequency of hypo- and hyper-glycemia, which are scored separately as single items. In the present study, the total score of the six items was used as the treatment satisfaction scale. The range of total scores obtained by summing these six items from the DTSQ is from 0 to 36. We used the Japanese version of the DTSQ, which was linguistically and psychometrically evaluated by Ishii et al [17]. Cronbach's alpha for the total scores of the six items was 0.857 in the present study.
2) The Well-being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12) consists of 12 items and is a shortened version of the 22 item W-BQ that was designed to measure the psychological well-being of people with diabetes [18]. Items concerning somatic symptoms were avoided as they may lead to criterion contamination in populations with diabetes, where somatic symptoms such as fatigue or loss of appetite may be due to the physical condition of diabetes rather than to depression. We used the Japanese version of the W-BQ 12 that was linguistically and psychometrically evaluated by Riazi et al. [19]. Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale score in the present study was 0.928.
3) The Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) is a measure of diabetes-specific emotional distress that was developed by Polonsky et al. [10] and translated into Japanese by Ishii et al. [20]. The scale consists of 20 items. There are five response options available for each PAID question: These responses are given a value from 0 (not a problem) to 4 (serious problem). According to the recommendation of the measure's authors, a total score was computed by summing the total item responses and multiplying this total by 1.25 to produce a total score that ranges from 0–100. Cronbach's alpha was 0.950 in the present study. 4) Self esteem was measured by use of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) [21]. The SES is a self-report questionnaire and consists of 10 items. Five of the items are phrased as positive and five as negative statements. Each item is answered according to a five-point scale, where a higher total score represents higher self-esteem. We used the Japanese version of the SES for which high internal consistency and construct validity have been confirmed [22]. Cronbach's alpha was 0.736 in the present study.
5) The Social Support Scale for patients with chronic disease (heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.) was developed in Japan by Kim et al. [23]. The scale consists of 20 items related to social support in daily life for chronic disease and is divided into two subscales: emotional support in daily life and behavioral support for disease. Each item is scored on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very applicable). The total score range extends from 4 to 80. A higher score represents higher social support in daily life. This test has high reliability and validity for each scale. Cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.954 in the present study.
6) The Self-Efficacy Scale for health behaviors that influence health promotion in chronic disease patients was developed in Japan by Kim et al. [24]. The scale consists of 20 items and two subscales: active coping behavior with disease and controllability for health. Each item is scored on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very applicable). The score range extends from 4 to 80. A higher score represents higher self-efficacy in dealing with health behavior. This test has high reliability and validity for each scale. Cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.928 in the present study.
Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records on the date closest to the start of the study. The HbA1c level was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, with a normal reference range of 4.3%–5.8%. The diabetes treatment regimen consisted of either diet only or medication, which included oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) or insulin or insulin plus OHA. The presence of microvascular complications of diabetes was determined as follows: 1) diabetic neuropathy was defined by clinical symptoms or by neurological examination; 2) diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed and assessed by an ophthalmologist; 3) diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed as the presence of prolonged microalbuminuria defined according to the consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association [25].
Of the 304 patients who completed the questionnaire at baseline, 32 were referred to local clinics near their residence because they had relatively good glycemic control (mean HbA1c = 6.8%). Six of these 32 patients dropped out of treatment at the referred clinic. Four patients in our central hospitals also dropped out of treatment and four patients died within one year. Thus, 290 patients followed for one year had complete data available for analysis (follow-up rate 96.5%). The demographic, clinical and psychosocial data at baseline were not significantly differentbetween the 290 patients who were followed for the whole year and the 14 patients who dropped out, whether calculated by the total of 14 or divided as 10 continuing patients and four deceased patients.
Pearson's simple correlation test was done to search for associations between HbA1c and demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables and for the correlation of each psychosocial variable. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was done as a model for predicting current (baseline) and future (one-year follow-up) HbA1c. The following sequence was followed: first, demographic and clinical variables were entered as model 1; second, all psychosocial variables other than DTSQ or PAID score were added to model 1 as model 2 or model 3. Because DTSQ and PAID scores had a relatively high correlation, they were entered separately in the model to avoid multicollinearity; third, baseline HbA1c was added to models 2 and 3 as models 4 and 5 for predicting one-year follow-up HbA1c. Dummy codes were applied to sex, male = 1 and female = 0, and to treatment regimen, diet only = 1 and medication = 0, in Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Comparison of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables between patients followed or not followed for one year was done by Student's t-test or χ2 test. Comparison between baseline and follow-up HbA1c was done by Student's paired t-test. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the total score of each psychological test. All statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software package (version 12.0J for Windows). Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Table Table11 shows the baseline demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of our patients with type 2 diabetes. There were no significant differences in any demographic, clinical, or psychosocial factors between patients followed for one year (n = 290) and those who could not be followed (n = 14). Also, even after eliminating the four deceased patients, there were no significant differences in any of the demographic, clinical, or psychosocial variables between the remaining 10 patients who were not followed for the full year and the 290 patients who were. Moreover, although six of 10 patients who dropped out were referred to local clinics because of good glycemic control, there were no significant differences in any variables between the 290 patients completing follow-up and the six referred patients. In addition, of the 32 patients who were referred to local clinics, the 6 dropouts and 26 patients who did not drop out had no significant differences in any of the variables (data not shown).
Table Table22 shows a correlation matrix of the total scores of the psychosocial inventories of the 304 patients at baseline. The DTSQ had significant, positive correlations with the W-BQ12 (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.254), SES (r = 0.128), Social Support Scale (r = 0.176), and Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.448) and a negative correlation with the PAID (r = -0.489). The W-BQ12 had significant positive correlations with the SES (r = 0.479), Social Support Scale (r = 0.314), and Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.525) and a significant negative correlation with PIAD (r = -0.555). The PAID score revealed significant negative correlations with all the other psychosocial variables, including the SES (r = -0.322), Social Support Scale (r = -0.169) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (r = -0.437). The SES showed a significant positive correlation with the Social Support Scale (r = 0.273) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.401). A positive, significant correlation was found between the Social Support Scale and the Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.404).
Table Table33 displays the results of correlation coefficients by Pearson's simple correlation test and standard regression coefficients (β) by hierarchical stepwise multiple regression for the demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables and HbA1c at baseline. Baseline HbA1c was found to have significant positive correlations with, the number of diabetic complications (r = 0.168) and the baseline PAID score (r = 0.220), meaning that greater distress on diabetes was associated with a worse HbA1c value. In contrast, baseline HbA1c was found to have significant negative correlations with age (r = -0.311), diet treatment regimen (r = -0.249), and the baseline scores of the DTSQ (r = -0.219), W-BQ12 (r = -0.125), and Self-Efficacy Scales (r = -0.187), meaning that greater satisfaction, well-being and self-efficacy on diabetes were associated with a better HbA1c value. The hierarchical stepwise multiple regression model revealed that age, diet treatment regimen, and number of diabetes complications were significantly and independently associated with baseline HbA1c (Table (Table3,3, model 1, R2 = 0.164). In model 2 (R2 = 0.178), the DTSQ score was significantly associated with baseline HbA1c (β = -0.120, P = 0.03) after controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, except for PAID score. In model 3 (R2 = 0.178), the PAID score was significantly related to baseline HbA1c (β = 0.131, P = 0.017) after controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, except for the DTSQ score. However, no more than 17.8% of the variance in current glycemic control was accounted for by age, diet treatment regimen, number of diabetes complications, and DTSQ or PAID score.
Table Table44 displays the results by Pearson's simple correlation test and hierarchical stepwise multiple regression for baseline demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables and one-year follow-up HbA1c. HbA1c at the one-year follow-up was found to have significant positive correlations with the baseline PAID score and to have a significant negative correlation with age, diet regimen, and the baseline scores of the DTSQ, W-BQ12, SES and Self-Efficacy Scale. A highly significant positive correlation was found between baseline HbA1c and one-year follow-up HbA1c (r = 0.675, P < 0.01). In addition, HbA1c at the one-year follow-up (7.15 ± 1.2%) had significantly better values than the baseline HbA1c (7.32 ± 1.2%) of the 290 patients (P = 0.02 by paired t-test). The hierarchical stepwise multiple regression for one-year follow-up HbA1c as a dependent variable revealed that age and diet treatment regimen were significantly and independently associated with follow-up HbA1c (Table (Table4,4, model 1, R2 = 0.127). In model 2 (R2 = 0.138), DTSQ score was significantly associated with follow-up HbA1c (β = -0.115, P = 0.03) after controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, except for PAID score. In model 3 (R2 = 0.144), PAID score was significantly related to follow-up HbA1c (β = 0.140, P = 0.014) after controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, except for DTSQ score. By adding baseline HbA1c to model 2, 47.9% of the variance in future glycemic control was accounted for by treatment regimen (β = -0.155, P = 0.001) and baseline HbA1c (β = 0.638, P < 0.001) in model 4. Also, by adding baseline HbA1c to model 3, 47.4% of the variance in future glycemic control was accounted for by treatment regimen (β = -0.155, P = 0.001) and baseline HbA1c (β = 0.634, P < 0.001) in model 5. The results of models 4 and 5 indicate that better current HbA1c and diet treatment are significant predictors of better future HbA1c. The statistically significant contribution of the DTSQ and the PAID to future HbA1c disappeared after adjustment for baseline HbA1c.
Concerning treatment regimen, medication details (n = 231) are as follows: 74% of the patients on medication were treated with OHA (n = 171) and 26% were treated with insulin alone or insulin plus OHA (n = 60). After the one-year follow-up, the change of HbA1c in patients who were treated with diet only was from 6.71 ± 1.1% to 6.42 ± 0.82% (P = 0.022), the change in patients who were treated with OHA was from 7.32 ± 1.0% to 7.23 ± 1.1% (P = 0.265), and the change in patients who were treated with insulin or insulin plus OHA was from 7.93 ± 1.4% to 7.60 ± 1.4% (P = 0.012).
In the present study, the relation between psychosocial variables and glycemic control was investigated cross-sectionally and prospectively. The DTSQ and the PAID predicted both current and future HbA1c to a similar and significant degree in patients with type 2 diabetes.,, It has been reported that the PAID score of female patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who inject insulin is significantly related to HbA1c at one-year follow-up, even after adjustment for baseline HbA1c [11]. However, the amount of variance accounted for by the PAID in predicting one-year follow-up HbA1c was very small, whereas baseline HbA1c accounted for the majority of variance for follow-up HbA1c in the study. Therefore, the contribution of the PAID as predictor of future glycemic control does not seem so important. In the same way, the higher DTSQ score of the tablet-treated patients was significantly associated with current lower HbA1c [26]. No previous study has investigated whether or not the DTSQ is predictive of future glycemic control.
Both the DTSQ and the PAID, however, predicted future glycemic control in the present study when baseline HbA1c was not included in the regression of follow-up HbA1c. Baseline glycemic control was fair and the glycemic control was improved significantly after one year, but the degree of glycemic improvement was 0.17% of HbA1c, which was not so large. Under the usual treatment, the effect of psychosocial variables on future glycemic control could not help but being small because the correlation between current and future HbA1c is so high. Thus, in some situations where glycemic control is expected to improve much through behavioral or psychological therapeutic intervention or education programs, or alteration of treatment regimen [11,26,27], both DTSQ and PAID scales would predict the future glycemic condition regardless of current metabolic variables.
The only variable to retain significance in the regression of the follow-up HbA1c model was treatment regimen, even after adjustment for baseline HbA1c. This suggests that the patients with diet alone were appropriately treated, whereas the medication, including OHA, was not sufficient. In fact, patients who were treated with OHA did not improve over the year of the study, indicating that treatment of patients with OHA was insufficient.
It should be noted that the psychosocial variables dealt with in this study correlated significantly with each other. Especially, both the DTSQ and PAID found a relatively high inverse correlation. The focus of the PAID is on the extent to which people have negative experiences with no attention given to positive experiences, while the DTSQ deals with the full range of experiences of treatment, from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. We are better able to understand the psychology of patients with diabetes by measuring both positive and negative psychosocial aspects. Furthermore, because the DTSQ and PAID are associated with current and future HbA1c at almost the same level, both tests are very useful when we want to know the contribution of psychosocial factors to current and future glycemic control.
Nakahara et al. [15] recently reported a longitudinal assessment of the causal relationship between psychosocial variables and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes using a structural-equation model. They found that self-efficacy directly reinforced adherence and that adherence had a direct positive relation to good future glycemic control. Diabetes-specific distress affected glycemic control indirectly through self-efficacy. This is reasonable because we would expect that those people who felt able to manage their diabetes well would be more likely to do so than people who felt they were not able to do so. In our study, therefore, the outcome that more emotional variables, such as satisfaction for diabetes treatment and diabetes-specific distress, are related to future glycemic control is meaningful.
The present study has several limitations. First, it is unclear concerning causal relationships among the psychosocial variables tested and glycemic control because a causal model was not applied. Second, we did not examine self-care or adherence, which is thought to influence glycemic control directly. Therefore, the detailed mechanisms of the psychosocial variables tested on glycemic control remain unknown. Third, we could not follow 14 patients for the full year, including four patients who died. It was thought likely that these patients were more dissatisfied with their treatment or were more distressed about their diabetes than the patients who completed the follow-up. However, there were no significant differences in any of the demographic, clinical, or psychosocial variables at baseline between patients followed for one year (n = 290) and those who could not be followed (n = 14) or even when eliminating the four deceased patients. Therefore, negligible bias was noted when the analysis was done with either 14 or 10 patients as dropouts.
The DTSQ and the PAID predicted both current and future HbA1c to a similar and significant degree in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the correlation between current and future HbA1c was so high that the only other variable to retain significance was treatment regimen when baseline HbA1c was included in the regression of future HbA1c.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
TN conceptualized and designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. CM, SM and KI collected the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was supported by a Research Grant (17A-3) for Nervous and Mental Disorders from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (15590600) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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