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Read an Excerpt
Passing the FCAT Mathematics Test
About This Book
This book will provide you with an accurate and complete representation of the FCAT Grade 10 Mathematics test. Inside this book you will find chapters providing instruction on the mathematics concepts tested on the FCAT. At the end of each chapter are practice questions and answer explanations. Two practice tests are provided, which are based on the official FCAT. The practice tests contain every type of question that you can expect to encounter on the FCAT. Following each test, you will find an answer key with detailed explanations designed to help you completely understand the test material.
About the Test
Who Takes These Tests, and What Are They Used For?
Students in Florida public schools in grades 3 through 10 must take the FCAT, which is the foundation of the statewide educational assessment and accountability program. It includes assessment in the following areas:
Writing for students in grades 4, 8, and 10
Reading and mathematics for students in grades 3 through 10
Science for students in grades 5, 8, and 11
FCAT Mathematics
The purpose of the FCAT is to gather information for parents, students, and teachers
about student mastery of skills and to provide the public with information (1) to better understand the "educational health" of students, and (2) to hold schools and districts accountable for progress.
Is There a Registration Fee?
No. Because all Florida public high school students are required to take the FCAT and pass the test in order to receive a high school diploma, no fee is required.
When and Where Is the Test Given?
The Mathematics portion of the FCAT is given each year in March. Since 1998, the FCAT has been administered in all public schools. The Grade 10 FCAT has now
become the high school graduation test.
Test Accommodations and Special Situations
Every effort is made to provide a level playing field for students with disabilities who are taking the FCAT and seeking a standard high school diploma. Accommodations are available for students in special education programs and students with limited proficiency in English. Check with your school for more information.
Additional Information and Support
Additional resources to help you prepare to take the FCAT can be found on the Florida Department of Education website at www.fldoe.org.
How to Use This Book
What Do I Study First?
Read each chapter and complete all of the problems within the chapter and at the end of the chapter. Be sure to read the answer explanation. Review lessons for questions that you missed. When you feel that you have mastered the material, take the practice tests to become familiar with the format and procedures involved with taking the actual FCAT.
When Should I Start Studying?
It is never too early to start studying for the FCAT. The earlier you begin, the more
time you will have to sharpen your skills. Do not procrastinate! Cramming is not an
effective way to study, because it does now allow you the time needed to learn the test
material. The sooner you learn the format of the exam, the more time you will have to
familiarize yourself with the exam content.
Overview of the FCAT
For Grade 10, the Mathematics portion of the FCAT consists of 45 to 50 multiple-choice
items, some of which are gridded-response items, and 5 to 7 performance tasks
(see "Item Types" for more information).
The Mathematics portion of the FCAT is based on five broad strands, which are broken
down into smaller standards called the Sunshine State Standards Benchmarks:
Strand A: Number Sense, Concepts, and Operations (17% of the test)
Strand B: Measurement (17% of the test)
Strand C: Geometry and Spatial Sense (25% of the test)
Strand D: Algebraic Thinking (25% of the test)
Strand E: Data Analysis and Probability (16% of the test)
Students are allowed to use a calculator on the FCAT Mathematics test.
Item Types
Multiple-choice itemsStudents choose the correct answer from four possible choices and mark the choice by filling in a bubble in the test booklet or answer document. Multiple-choice items require approximately one minute to answer and are each
worth one raw score point.
Gridded-response itemsStudents solve problems or answer questions requiring a numerical response and bubble or mark their numerical answers in response grids.
Answers may be gridded by using several correct formats. Students must accurately
fill in the bubbles below the grids to receive credit for their answers. Students are
provided with detailed instructions for filling in the bubbles in the FCAT Sample Test
Materials, which they receive before taking the actual test. Additional instructions
are also included in the front of the test booklet. Each gridded-response item requires
approximately one and a half minutes to answer and is worth one raw score point.
Performance TasksShort- and extended-response itemsStudents show their
solutions to problems. Each short-response task requires approximately five minutes
to complete and is worth a raw score of 0, 1, or 2 points. Extended-response tasks
require approximately 15 minutes to complete, and students may receive a raw score
of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 points for each item.
Sunshine State Standards Benchmarks
Strand A: Number Sense, Concepts, and Operations
MA.A.1.4.2 The student understands the relative size of integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers.
MA.A.1.4.4 The student understands that numbers can be represented in a variety of equivalent forms, including integers, fractions, decimals, percents, scientific
notation, exponents, radicals, absolute value, and logarithms.
MA.A.3.4.1 The student understands and explains the effects of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on real numbers, including square roots, exponents, and appropriate inverse relationships.
MA.A.3.4.2 The student selects and justifies alternative strategies, such as using properties of numbers, including inverse, identity, distributive, associative, transitive,
that allow operational shortcuts for computational procedures in real-world or
mathematical problems.
MA.A.3.4.3 The student adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides real numbers, including square roots and exponents, using appropriate methods of computing, such as mental mathematics, paper and pencil, and calculator.
MA.A.4.4.1 The student uses estimation strategies in complex situations to predict results and to check the reasonableness of results.
MA.A.5.4.1 The student applies number relationships such as sequences and series to real-world problems.
Strand B: Measurement
MA.B.1.4.1 The student uses concrete and graphic models to derive formulas for finding perimeter, area, surface area, circumference, and volume of two- and three- dimensional
shapes, including rectangular solids, cylinders, cones, and pyramids.
MA.B.1.4.2 The student uses concrete and graphic models to derive formulas for finding rate, distance, time, angle measures, and arc lengths.
MA.B.2.4.1 The student selects and uses direct (measured) or indirect (not measured) methods of measurement as appropriate.
MAB.2.4.2 The student solves real-world problems involving rated measures (miles per hour, feet per second).
Strand C: Geometry and Spatial Sense
MA.C.1.4.1 The student uses properties and relationships of geometric shapes to construct formal and informal proofs.
MA.C.3.4.1 The student analyzes and applies geometric relationships involving planar cross-sections.
MA.C.3.4.1 The student represents and applies geometric properties and relationships to solve real-world and mathematical problems including ratio, proportion, and properties of right-triangle trigonometry.
MA.C.1.4.1 The student uses properties and relationships of geometric shapes to construct formal and informal proofs.
Strand D: Algebraic Thinking
MA.D.1.4.1 The student describes, analyzes, and generalizes relationships, patterns, and functions using words, symbols, variables, tables, and graphs.
MA.D.1.4.2 The student determines the impact when changing parameters of given functions.
MA.D.2.4.2 The student uses expressions, equations, inequalities, graphs, and formulas to represent and interpret a situation.
Strand E: Data Analysis and Probability
MA.E.1.4.1 The student interprets data that has been collected, organized, and displayed in charts, tables, and plots.
MA.E.1.4.2 The student calculates measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range, standard deviation, and variance) for complex sets of data and determines the most meaningful measure to describe the data.
MA.E.2.4.1 The student determines probabilities using counting procedures, tables, tree diagrams, and formulas for permutations and combinations.
MA.E.3.4.1 The student designs and performs real-world statistical experiments that involve more than one variable, then analyzes results and reports findings.
What to Do before the Test
Pay attention in class.
Carefully work through the chapters of this book. Mark any topics that you find difficult, so that you can focus on them while studying and get extra help if necessary.
Take the practice tests and become familiar with the format of the FCAT. When you are practicing, simulate the conditions under which you will be taking the actual test. Stay calm and pace yourself. After simulating the test only a couple of times, you will feel more confident, and this will boost your chances of doing well.
Students who have difficulty concentrating or taking tests in general may have severe test anxiety. Tell your parents, a teacher, a counselor, the school nurse, or a school psychologist well in advance of the test if this applies to you. They may be able to give you some useful strategies that will help you feel more relaxed and then be able to do your best on the test.
What to Do during the Test
Read all of the possible answers. Even if you think you have found the correct response, do not automatically assume that it is the best answer.
Read through each answer choice to be sure that you are not making a mistake by jumping to conclusions.
Use the process of elimination. Go through each answer to a question and eliminate as many of the answer choices as possible. By eliminating two answer choices, you have given yourself a better chance of getting the item correct, because there will only be two choices left from which to make your selection.
Sometimes a question will have one or two answer choices that are a little odd. These answers will be obviously wrong for one of several reasons: they may be impossible given the conditions of the problem, they may violate mathematical rules or principles,
or they may be illogical.
Work on the easier questions first. If you find yourself working too long on one question, make a mark next to it on your test booklet and continue. After you have answered all of the questions that you know, go back to the ones you have skipped.
Be sure that the answer oval you are marking corresponds to the number of the question in the test booklet. The multiple- choice sections are graded by machine, so marking one wrong answer can throw off your answer key and your score. Be
extremely careful.
Work from answer choices. You can use a multiple-choice format to your advantage by working backward from the answer choices to solve a problem. This strategy can be helpful if you can just plug the answers into a given formula or equation. You may be able to make a better choice on a difficult problem if you eliminate choices that you know do not fit into the problem. If you can not determine what the correct answer is, answer
the question anyway. The FCAT does not subtract points for wrong answers, so be sure to fill in an answer for every question. It works to your advantage because you could guess correctly and increase your score.


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Outdoor Idaho features KEA on Health of Our Lakes Special
On May 19th, the Coeur d' Alene areas lakes debuted in a starring role in an Idaho Public Television documentary, "Health of our Lakes". The special highlights the cause and effects of blue-green algae, a warm weather phenomenon that annually affects the region's bodies of water. The lake's in the Idaho Panhandle appear as magnificent pools of blue, shimmery water, but if you look at more »

subset: commoncrawl


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Punta Gorda Information and Schedule
Punta Gorda tickets are available now for all Punta Gorda events. Whether on vacation or a current resident, you'll never get tired of all the things that are available in Punta Gorda, Florida, and the surrounding areas! Get tickets to Punta Gorda, FL below.
All Events by Date
|Event & Venue/City
|Mar 1, 2017
Wed 7:00PM
Florida Pro Wrestling March Slamboree
Charlotte Harbor Event & Conference Center -
Punta Gorda, FL
< Prev 1 Next >


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Former Saint Vincent accountant gets house arrest, probation in thefts
U.S. District Judge David S. Cercone agreed former Saint Vincent Hospital accountant Julie A. Wozniak's crime -- to defraud the hospital and private accounting client of about $92,000 -- was "despicable."
But a stay in a federal penitentiary, he said, was not the solution for every federal crime.
Cercone stepped outside federal sentencing guidelines Monday in U.S. District Court in Erie and ordered Wozniak, who now goes by her maiden name, Candela, to serve four years of probation, including a year of house arrest, on five felony counts of wire fraud. She must also pay restitution and perform 100 hours of community service, he said.
No one who comes to federal court is there to get a "good conduct medal," Cercone said.
A sentence outside of federal prison would save the taxpayers' money, allow Wozniak to continue to work and pay back the money she owes, he said.
The government charged Wozniak took money through a series of improper transactions between March and June 2013 while she worked as a staff accountant at Saint Vincent and also operated a private accounting business called Keeping You Balanced, according to court records.
Saint Vincent was able to recoup its losses by reversing the charges she made on hospital charge and bank accounts.
Wozniak, 34, still owes nearly $6,000 to former accounting client Michael McMillen, who loudly criticized the sentence at the close of the hearing, causing Cercone to warn that he faced arrest if he continued.
Outside the courtroom, McMillen, owner of Hilltop Beer Distributor of Erie, said he believed that Wozniak should face some prison time because of the amount of money at issue.
McMillen said the more than $12,000 that Wozniak initially took from him almost put him out of business.
Wozniak apologized in court. "I made bad decisions," she said. " I hurt people who did not deserve to be hurt."
Her lawyer, Thomas Patton, an assistant federal public defender, urged probation as an adequate sentence. Wozniak had cooperated from the outset and waived her right to an indictment and pleaded guilty as charged. He said she committed the crimes during a period of personal crisis and was trying to hold her family together.
Assistant U.S. Attorney Marshall Piccinini advocated for a sentence within federal sentencing guidelines, which recommended a term of 15 to 21 months in federal prison.
Wozniak, he said, made dozens of fraudulent transactions and harmed close co-workers and McMillen, who was a family friend who placed his trust in her.
Wozniak, among other things, spent hospital money at an online Apple store and bought cruise and airline tickets, Piccinini said.
LISA THOMPSON can be reached at 870-1802 or by e-mail. Follow her on Twitter at twitter.com/ETNthompson.


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Different Types of Squirrels -Pictures of squirrels and habitat of these cute little animals : for more squirrel pictures scroll to bottom.
Squirrel Pictures
photos Squirrels chipmunks : chipmunks belong to the same family of squirrels most of the characters are same as squirrels . they have less fur over the body and the tail is slender rather than furry for those squirrels . chipmunks squirrels look so cute ( coz flying squirrels are not that much attractive like these chipmunks ).this cute picture of this chipmunk reminds me about a famous movie on chipmunks – Alvin and the chipmunks – 3 cute chipmunks that can sing ( where we can have more pictures of these chipmunks movie and plot summary about that movie Alvin and the chipmunks)
Flying Squirrels :
Flying squirrel pictures – These squirrels belong to the order Rodentia. there are two types of flying squirrels – northern and southern flying squirrels . actually the squirrels don't fly in real – they have some furry part between the legs and they use them to glide in the the air . they jump from higher part of tree and reach another tree at lower point and run fast behind the other part of that same tree to stay safe from predators . they make use of their body part as a parachute to slow down the movement while landing after a glide . flying squirrels make use of the carpenter ants holes or woodpeckers left over as their nest to stay . they mate once a year and the baby flying squirrel birth takes place by may to july with a hairless body and fused toes .
Grey squirrel :
Grey Squirrel pictures : these squirrels have a Grey colored body . but that's not for all over the year – coz their body color changes to yellow brown in color during summer seasons. these gray squirrels mate twice a year and these type of female squirrels mating is kind different . they select their male squirrel by the one that chases and leads in a run after her at tree top after a sound produced by these Grey female squirrels . after the mating those male squirrels have no job in saving its pinkies ( babies) . the female squirrel they gives birth to 1 to 6 baby squirrels in a birth and these baby Grey squirrels are called as pinkies with fur less and closed eyed birth. fur grows as 3 weeks pass by and as 3 months over the kits or pups ( the baby squirrels ) leaves the nest . on winter season the male and female squirrel get together in a tree burrow or nest and on normal seasons they both have their own way.
Black Squirrel Pictures
Ground squirrels :
Ground squirrel pictures :As the name these are ground squirrels and different from the tree squirrels they run into their burrows to stay safe from predators rather run in to tree nests or something like those tree squirrels . ground squirrels dig different kind of burrows for different purposes . they dig small tunnel like dead end burrows to get safe from predators and nesting burrows for the females to give birth he baby Squirrels and some large hibernating burrows to store their food for hibernation period and for their stay. ground squirrels take a 5- 6 months of hibernation period with a wake up for once a week for some hours and back to hibernation . in case if the winter is not that much hard to sustain – then they wont hibernate . there are many types of ground squirrels around north America each of these ground squirrels have their own differences in habitat. types of ground squirrels : Richardson or Wyoming ground squirrels , franklin grounds squirrels , artic and thirteen lined ground squirrels , California , Colombian and rock ground squirrels – Townsend and Belding ground squirrels – the last one is the only mammal to have a lengthy hibernation period in north America.
Chipmunks pictures : squirrel eating nuts stuffing its mouth to the best it can .
Red Squirrel are type of Tree squirrels
Red squirrel pictures: it was said that these red squirrels were extinct in 1950 . but at 1970 they were found again and added to endangered species list in 1987 . these squirrels mate multiple times with multiple partners during march , April , august and September . but they avoid if food availability is low . in this kind of squirrels the males have to chase the female squirrels for one hour or more after these female red squirrels emit a smell to mate .female squirrels give birth to 5-8 baby squirrels with blind eyes and fur less body. these baby squirrels grows in the nest or den for some 3months and then they are on their own path
More Squirrel photos : reach the below destination to see 30 more images of Squirrels
+ + Src Src – Squirrel pictures


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Altered Horizons' Profile
Altered Horizons is about the darker side of things.
Crows, skulls, black lace... you will find it here.
Cute and creepy is what a friend called it and I guess that says it as good as anything.
We will feature paintings, jewelry, collage, altered things and lots of other Gothic things that inspire us.
Here, we believe in MAGIC and can't we all use a little more MAGIC in our lives.
Visit our sister shop on Etsy with the cute fuzzy things at BlackFridayStudios :)
- Female
- Born on March 9
- Joined April 4, 2011
Favorite materials
- Altered Horizons
Gwinn, MI,
United States


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Search the Paleotool Website
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Category Archives: primitive technology
How to Build an Earthen Oven — Savoring the Past
The existence of ovens like this is easily documented for the 18th century. In fact, just about every ancient culture had a very similar oven. There's one particular wood cut illustration from medieval times depicting an earthen oven built on … Continue reading
Posted in cooking, primitive technology, Uncategorized Tagged cooking, earth oven, jas. townsend, low tech, primitive skills, primitive technology 1 Comment
Traditional Pottery Maker
I only know Kelly vaguely but I know she is an extremely talented artisan. I am continually impressed by her skill level and ability to make it all seem so effortless. I believe that is an indication of true mastery. … Continue reading
Posted in pottery, primitive technology Tagged anasazi, ceramics, craftsmanship, pottery, preindustrial technology, primitive technology 1 Comment
Raised in Primitive Skills
Nota bene! The following ramble was written at three in the morning and may contain sentiment, ramblings, and a bit of opinion. What was intended as a few childhood pictures from primitive technology events ran away with itself in the … Continue reading
Posted in parenting, primitive technology Tagged archery, childhood, minimalism, parenting, philosophy, primitive technology, throwback thursday, yucca skirt 5 Comments
Antler and Bone
Despite my lack of free time currently, I have been re-inspired to get back to antler and bone as a medium for tool production. My only issue with them is that they are enormously time intensive. Even using a modern … Continue reading
Posted in primitive technology Tagged antler, bone tools, experiential archaeology, experimental archaeology, keratic, osteo 5 Comments
Revisiting the Bowyer's Craft
Tracking the process for creating the ancient and venerable flat bow; a complex hunting tool from five continents. This is a very brief overview of a process that takes many bows to master. I can honestly say that bow-making was … Continue reading
Posted in archery, bow making, primitive technology Tagged archery, bois d'arc, bow making, bushcraft, hickory, primitive technology, shagbark, survival, woodworking 10 Comments


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The Real Cost of Prisons ComixOne out of every hundred adults in the U.S. is in prison. This book provides a crash course in what drives mass incarceration, the human and community costs, and how to stop the numbers from going even higher. This volume collects the three comic books published by the Real Cost of Prisons Project. The stories and statistical information in each comic book is thoroughly researched and documented
The Real Cost of Prisons ComixOne out of every hundred adults in the U.S. is in prison. This book provides a crash course in what drives mass incarceration, the human and community costs, and how to stop the numbers from going even higher. This volume collects the three comic books published by the Real Cost of Prisons Project. The stories and statistical information in each comic book is thoroughly researched and documented
A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of EverythingWhich is more dangerous, a gun or a swimming pool? What do schoolteachers and sumo wrestlers have in common? Why do drug dealers still live with their moms? How much do parents really matter? How did the legalization of abortion affect the rate of violent crime?These may not sound like typical questions for an econo-mist to ask. But Steven D. Levitt is not a typical economist. He is a much
$15.99The New Jim Crow was initially published with a modest first printing and reasonable expectations for a hard-hitting book on a tough topic. Now, ten-plus printings later, the long-awaited paperback version of the book Lani Guinier calls brave and bold," and Pulitzer Prizewinner David Levering Lewis calls stunning," will at last be available.In the era of colorblindness, it is no longer socially
Canada's Underground World Of Human TraffickingJust outside Toronto, a 14-year-old Canadian girl was auctioned on the internet for men to purchase by the hour. A young woman was taken by slave traders from an African war zone to Edmonton to earn greater profits by exploiting her in prostitution. A gang called Wolfpack recruited teenagers in Quebec and sold them for sex to high-profile men in the community. The global problem of human
Enabling the Trust that Society Needs to ThriveIn today's hyper-connected society, understanding the mechanisms of trust is crucial. Issues of trust are critical to solving problems as diverse as corporate responsibility, global warming, and the political system. In this insightful and entertaining book, Schneier weaves together ideas from across the social and biological sciences to explain how society induces trust. He shows the unique role
Why the End of Poverty Requires the End of ViolenceA Washington Post bestseller While the world has made encouraging strides in the fight against global poverty, the hidden plague of everyday violence silently undermines our best efforts to help the poor. Common violence like rape, forced labor, illegal detention, land theft, and police abuse has become routine and relentless. And like a horde of locusts devouring everything in its path, the
Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things: Crime, Drugs, Minorities, Teen Moms, Killer Kids, MutaIn the age of 9/11, the Iraq War, financial collapse, and Amber Alerts, our society is defined by fear. So it's not surprising that three out of four Americans say they feel more fearful today then they did twenty years ago. But are we living in exceptionally dangerous times? In The Culture of Fear, sociologist Barry Glassner demonstrates that it is our perception of danger that has increased, not
The Undeclared War Against American WomenSkillfully Probing the Attack on Women's Rights"Opting-out," "security moms," "desperate housewives," "the new baby fever"—the trend stories of 2006 leave no doubt that American women are still being barraged by the same backlash messages that Susan Faludi brilliantly exposed in her 1991 bestselling book of revelations. Now, the book that reignited the feminist movement is back in a fifteenth
$10.99With her characteristic brilliance, grace and radical audacity, Angela Y. Davis has put the case for the latest abolition movement in American life: the abolition of the prison. As she quite correctly notes, American life is replete with abolition movements, and when they were engaged in these struggles, their chances of success seemed almost unthinkable. For generations of Americans, the
An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under SiegeAt a time when everyone is going green, most people are unaware that the FBI is using anti-terrorism resources to target environmentalists. Here is a guided tour into an underground world of radical activism and an introduction to the shadowy figures behind the headlines. But here also is the story of how everyday people are prevented from speaking up for what they believe in. Like the Red Scare,


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Dealing with Economic crisis Misconceptions
Given that the actual people generally known as Fannie Mae along with Freddie Mac pc happen to be thrust on the forefront of countrywide media coverage this can rapid failures which have ended in a multitude of crisis congressional proceedings, cabinet times, media meetings and ultimate govt conervatorship, numerous Americans happen to be remaining perplexed in regards to what function these corporations actually took part in leading to our own nation'utes financial disaster. Both Fannie and Freddie are generally referred to as "authorities sponsored enterprises" as well as "Gary.Ersus.E.s" and so are the biggest purchasers as well as insurance companies associated with house loans in america. Those two agencies placed as well as guaranteed when using $5.3 billion regarding mortgage debt in 2008, about 50 % of your excellent mortgage loans in the nation. Fannie and Freddie ended up considered to be "government sponsored" since they were in the beginning created as well as funded from the federal government, nevertheless shortly thereafter commenced operating since general public companies using inventory exchanged for the open up industry.
Government entities Backed Corporations
Fannie Mae was developed contained in the 1938 National Real estate Work while countless lower as well as midst earnings families can't find a way to purchase or preserve homes following your great despression symptoms. Following the depression used up the amount of money stores of all banks, future home buyers experienced excessively high house loan rates because lenders were careful to be able to do without important capital. The government Nationwide Mortgage Organization (Fannie Mae) was created to buy lender mortgage loans allow banks in order to take back a lot more supplies to get far more lending options in inexpensive rates. Fannie next private pools the house loans as well as offers these phones buyers, efficiently which makes it the particular mid-level involving finance institutions along with buyers.
Inside 68, Fannie Mae appeared a new shareholder-owned company to diminish federal government engagement and later on permit Fannie'ersus mortgage-backed investments to be sold about the available market. Quickly thereafter, the us government established the federal government House loan Mortgage loan Firm (Freddie Macintosh personal computer) in 1970 to help expand develop the actual second marketplace for house loans and to guarantee opposition for Fannie Mae. The particular business involving Fannie Mae as well as Freddie Macintosh provides regularly already been specified since the cause for your remarkable enhance of home ownership in the united states coming from 43% inside 1940 close to 70% today.
Although lots of your house loans today owned or operated or even insured by simply Fannie Mae along with Freddie Mac are traditionally risk-free leading home loans, those two open public people dropped a put together $5.One billion dollars throughout 3 years ago along with $2.Several million in the first one fourth of '08 amid struggling homes along with financial market sectors. This particular speedy destruction regarding stores occurs at any given time when it is becoming more and more challenging to market mortgage-backed stock options to investors in order to replace Fannie and Freddie's economic hold safety net. Because of this, Fannie as well as Freddie'utes stock values were permitted to plummet to be able to amounts which eventually compelled the us government to be able to again turn into well associated with the GSEs by putting these people straight into conservatorship and infusing these with billions of us dollars to make sure they're running.
The effect on Wall structure Block
Just how did Fannie as well as Freddie's disappointments help with the country'azines latest finances? Together with 2008 becoming an political election 12 months, the idea grew to become widespread training in order to levy most guilt for the Usa State'azines economic problems for the nation'ersus president for the past 8 decades. However, lots of the fiscal problems who have plagued both Wall structure Avenue along with Principal Road started prior to the Plant supervision ever shifted to the White-colored House. The truth is, it was throughout around Late 90s how the Clinton Supervision honestly prompted the federal government Countrywide House loan Association (aka "Fannie Mae") to cut back down payment and credit specifications for sub-prime or "with risk" borrowers in what ended up being regarded as a valiant attempt to boost buying rates amongst unprivileged and also low-income consumers.
In the astonishingly prophetic post published by Steven Any. Holmes with the New York Occasions when Fannie Mae commenced buying sub-prime mortgage loans within 2000, Mr. Holmes spelled out that will "Fannie Mae has taken in now more risk, which might not really present any kind of issues through remove economic times. But . . . might run directly into problems within an tough economy prompting a new govt rescue." Holmes even more discussed "When they fall short, the government should step up and also help these out." Throughout subsequent many years, members of america The nation's lawmakers would not head the alerts of several authorities just like Holmes and got further steps to increase undo customer training course demands for financial products acquired by the GSEs.
Once the homes percolate begun to break open inside June 2006 along with 2006, home began regressing through overdue 2007 the Usa States' economic system in general did start to decrease. With so significantly focus inclined to slouching property along with share values, you can easily neglect that this financial shrinkage started out with all the sub-prime home loan turmoil that has transformed Wall membrane Street into a house regarding charge cards that will relatively get rid of portions of it's construction on a weekly basis. Even tremendous public investment homes and banks similar to Keep Stearns, Lehman Siblings, The.My partner and i.Gary., Washington Common and also Wachovia have got all required govt intervention which has price tax payers countless huge amounts of bucks currently. Even with ongoing open public outcries condemning the "Wall membrane Block Fat Cats", it is difficult responsible these unsuccessful companies which both came from these kind of sub-prime house loans that will adapted in order to Fannie Mae and Freddie Macintosh needs or even obtained or even insured allegedly audio mortgage-backed securities readily available GSEs.
Exclusively, finance institutions similar to California Common as well as Wachovia came from loans in order to sub-prime borrowers based on GSE contouring bank loan requirements before promoting these loans about the extra mortgage industry to Fannie Mae as well as Freddie Macintosh personal computer. Investment banking institutions for example Keep Stearns and also Lehman Friends then aided the particular GSEs simply by pooling these mortgages with each other to diversify danger, thus creating collateralized financial debt obligations referred to as mortgage-backed sec which were distributed in order to institutional investors. Companies being a.My spouse and i.G. supplied credit-default trades ("CDS") that will were just like insurance policy for institutional buyers which purchased the mortgage-backed sec to shield all of them from non-payments from the unique individuals.
It is important to do not forget that prior to the sub-prime loan foreclosures grown beyond typically anticipated amounts which triggered home of playing cards to start plummeting, the particular companies originating, purchasing and guaranteeing these financing options and also sec ended up running underneath the presumption them to be working with relatively safe lending options that will adapted to the requirements of presidency subsidized entities. It's sad that it was these kind of really specifications that have been calm, that created the actual unpredictable foundation on which each of the charge cards finally dropped.
Repercussions on Principal Avenue
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Updated:Toys R Us rolled out its Hot Toy Reservation program so you can get a jump start on holiday shopping. The company also conveniently unveiled its 2012 Holiday Hot Toy list - early. But as Vanessa Yurkevich tells us the program does come with some catches.


text:
Epiousios (Koine Greek: επιούσιος) is a highly unique Greek word used in the fourth petition of the Lord's Prayer, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 6:11) and the Gospel of Luke (Luke 11:3). The word epiousios is not found anywhere else in the original scriptures of the Bible, nor anywhere else in all of ancient Greek literature. Epiousei used in Acts 7:26 to refer to the next day may be a related word.[1]
While epiousios is often substituted by the word "daily," all other New Testament translations from the Greek into "daily" otherwise reference hemeran (ἡμέραν, "the day"), which does not appear in this usage.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
There are several reasons as to why epiousios presents an exceptional translation challenge. The word appears nowhere else in other Ancient Greek texts, and so may have been coined by the authors of the Gospel. Another challenge is that Jesus would either have spoken his native Aramaic language or Hebrew, and the consensus view is that the language of the New Testament was originally written in a form of Koine Greek. By tradition, the most common English language translation is daily, though most scholars today reject this. The Catholic Church, the largest Christian denomination by far, holds the view in its Catechism that there are several ways of interpreting epiousios, including the traditional daily, but that it is most literally translated as supersubstantial or superessential.[13] Alternative theories are that—aside from the etymology of ousia, meaning substance—it may be either derived from the verb to be or from the word verb ienai, meaning both to come and to go.[14][15]
In the original Greek, the word is in an adjectival form, epiousion -- here from Matthew -- and is the only adjective in the Lord's Prayer:
- Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον[16]
- (Interlinear: "The -- bread -- of-us -- - -- epiousion -- give -- us -- today")[2]
The word appears in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke as part of the Lord's Prayer. In the English Standard Version the verses are rendered as:
- Give us this day our daily bread (Matthew 6:11)
- Give us each day our daily bread (Luke 11:3)
Here epiousios is interpreted traditionally as daily, though there is no direct translation as such.
The word epiousios is only found in the two versions of the Lord's Prayer in Matthew and Luke, and does not exist anywhere else in known ancient Greek literature. This makes epousios a hapax legomenon – a Greek phrase meaning 'a word used only once'. The meaning of any such word is often difficult to determine, as cross-references and comparisons with other usages aren't possible except by linguistic parsing of the word's components.
It was only in the twentieth century that a single additional use of the word seemed to be discovered. The document in which it was found is a 5th-century CE shopping list, identified as Sammelbuch 5224,20.[17][18] The word epiousios is written next to the names of several grocery items. This seems to indicate that it was used in the sense of "enough for today", "enough for tomorrow", or "necessary". However, the papyrus containing the shopping list went missing for many years, until it was discovered in 1998 at the Yale Beinecke Library.[19] The original transcriber, A. H. Sayce, was apparently known as a poor transcriber, and re-examination of the papyrus found "elaiou" (oil) but not "epiousios". Furthermore, the document was reassessed to date from the first or second century CE.[19] Therefore, there seems indeed to be no other occurrence of the word in Greek literature.
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature,[20] edited by Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, University of Chicago Press, while noting historical interpretations and modern opinions, states that Origen was probably correct that the term was coined by the evangelists.[21]
Translations and interpretations[edit]
Both modern and ancient scholars have proposed several different translations for epiousios. Jerome, the most important translator of the Bible to Latin, translated the word three ways[citation needed] at various times. Today there is no consensus on an exact translation, and without more information there can be linguistic theories but no absolute proof.
Daily has long been the most common English rendering for epiousios based on tradition, if not actual translation. It is the term used in the Tyndale Bible, the King James Version, and in the most popular modern versions.[22] The linguistic parsing behind this interpretation is that epi can mean for and ousia can mean being, and the word could be read as "for the [day] being" with day an injected assumption by the translator.[14]
This version is based on the Latin rendering of epiousios as quotidianum, rather than the alternative Latin translation of supersubstantialem. This quotidianum interpretation is first recorded in the works of Tertullian.[23] This was used in the Vetus Latina, a collective term for various "Old Latin" Bible translations and interpretations of the original Greek prior to the invention of the printing press and bound books as they are known today.
The Vulgate is a late fourth-century Latin translation of the original-language Biblical scripture, and is largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in the year 382 to revise the Vetus Latina. In Luke, Jerome interpreted epiousios, via what had become at that point tradition, as quotidianum, and yet he also translated epiousios in Matthew as supersubstantialem via linguistic parsing. While since Vatican II the Catholic Church celebrates the liturgical Mass in the local language, not Latin, the cotidianum translation remains in the Latin text of the Roman Catholic Tridentine Mass, even though the same liturgy mainly references the Gospel of Matthew, which uses supersubstantialem for translating epiousios.[24][25]
Some translators have proposed slight variations on daily as the most accurate. Richard Francis Weymouth, an English schoolmaster, translated it as "bread for today" in the Weymouth New Testament.[26] Edgar J. Goodspeed in An American Translation used "bread for the day." Another option is to link the word to Exodus 16:4 where God promises to provide a day's portion of manna every day. This verse could be an attempt to translate the Hebrew of daily bread sufficient to the day into Greek.[27]
Today, most scholars reject the translation of epiousios as meaning daily. The word daily only has a weak connection to any proposed etymologies for epiousios. Moreover, the word day in Greek is hemera, which does not appear in this usage. There are also several other Greek words based on hemera that mean daily, which gives no reason to use such an obscure word as epiousios.[14] The daily translation also makes the term redundant, with "this day" already making clear the bread is for the current day.[28]
Necessary for existence[edit]
One common interpretation is to link epiousios to the Greek word ousia meaning both the verb to be and the noun substance. Origen was the first writer to comment on the unusual word. A native Greek speaker writing a century and half after the Gospels had been assembled, he did not recognize the word and thought it was an original neologism. Origen thought "bread necessary for existence" was the most likely meaning, connecting it to the to be translation of ousia.[23]
Joseph Fitzmyer translates the verse as "give us this day our bread for subsistence." He connects this to the Aramaic targum translations of Proverbs 30:8.[29]
One problem with the epi + ouisa theory is it does not follow the standard Greek form of building compound words. Usually the iota at the end of epi would be dropped in the compound.[1] This is not an absolute rule, and Jean Carmignac has collected 26 compound words that violate it.[30] Like daily, this translation also has the problem that there are well known Greek words that could have been used instead.[31]
In the Vulgate Jerome translated epiousios in Matthew 6:11 as supersubstantial, coining a new word not before seen in Latin.[32] This came from the linguistic parsing of the prefix epi- meaning super and the substance definition of ousia.
This interpretation was supported by early writers such as Augustine, Cyril of Jerusalem, Cyprian of Carthage, John Cassian[28][32]
This translation is used by some modern Bibles. In the Douay-Rheims Bible English translation of the Vulgate (Matthew 6:11)reads "give us this day our supersubstantial bread." The translation of supersubstantial bread[33] has also been associated with the eucharist, as early as in the time of the Church Fathers[34] and later also by the Council of Trent (1551).[35]
In 1979, the Nova Vulgata (Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio), also called the Neo-Vulgate, became the official Latin edition of the Bible published by the Holy See for use in the contemporary Roman rite. It is not an edition of the historical Vulgate, but a revision of the text intended to accord with modern critical Hebrew and Greek texts and produce a style closer to classical Latin. The Nova Vulgata retains the same correspondence-of-meaning for epiousios in the Lord's Prayer contained in the Gospel according to Matthew and Luke as in the Vulgate, i.e., supersubstantialem and cotidianum.
Today, the Roman Catholic Church, the largest Christian denomination by far, instructs its faithful via the Catechism of the Catholic Church that there are several meanings to epiousios, and that "epi-ousios" is most literally translated as super-essential:[36]
""Daily" (epiousios) occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. Taken in a temporal sense, this word is a pedagogical repetition of "this day," to confirm us in trust "without reservation." Taken in the qualitative sense, it signifies what is necessary for life, and more broadly every good thing sufficient for subsistence. Taken literally (epi-ousios: "super-essential"), it refers directly to the Bread of Life, the Body of Christ, the "medicine of immortality," without which we have no life within us. Finally in this connection, its heavenly meaning is evident: "this day" is the Day of the Lord, the day of the feast of the kingdom, anticipated in the Eucharist that is already the foretaste of the kingdom to come. For this reason it is fitting for the Eucharistic liturgy to be celebrated each day."
In the Catholic Church, the Magisterium is the authority to lay down what is the authentic teaching of the Church, which since Pius XII's Divino afflante Spiritu has included an embrace of Biblical Criticism.[37]
The Old Church Slavonic canon translates epiousios variously as насѫщьнъі ("supersubstantial") or наставъшааго дьне ("for the coming day").[38]
Eucharist metaphor[edit]
This translation has often been connected to the eucharist. The bread necessary for existence is the communion bread of the Last Supper. That the gospel writers needed to create a new word indicates to Eugene LaVerdiere, a deceased Catholic American priest and Scripture scholar of the post-Vatican II era, that they are describing something new. Eating the communion bread at the last supper needed a new word for this new concept.[39]
Supersubstantial was the dominant Latin translation of epiousios from Matthew for many centuries after Jerome, and influenced church ritual. It was the basis for the argument advanced by theologians such as Cyprian that communion must be eaten daily.[31] That only bread is mentioned led to the laity only getting bread communion, with this verse cited in arguments against the Utraquists. The translation was reconsidered with the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther originally kept supersubstantial but switch to daily by 1528.[31]
Brant Pitre, a Catholic theologian at Notre Dame Seminary, observes that the supernatural translation for epiousios "despite being widely held among ancient Christians, receives virtually no support among modern exegetes....despite the fact that it is easily the most literal translation."[32] This includes some Roman Catholic ones such as Raymond E. Brown,[40] Jean Carmignac,[41] Leonardo Boff[42] and Nicholas Ayo.[28]
There is no known source word from Aramaic or Hebrew, the native languages of Jesus, that translates into the Greek word epiousios. In kind, there is no word in either of these languages that easily translates as supersubstantial,[14] a unique translation for a unique word. Catholic theologican Leonardo Boff once stated that Jerome's translation of epi- as super was incorrect, as he felt it should be translated as concerning as can be seen in words such as epinephes (cloudy) and epidorpios (stewed).[42]
M. Eugene Boring, a Protestant theologian at Texas Christian University, claims that the connection with the eucharist is ahistoric as the ritual only developed some time after the Gospel was written and the author of Matthew does not seem to have any knowledge of or interest in the rituals of the eucharist.[43] Craig Blomberg, a Protestant New Testament scholar, agrees that these "concepts had yet to be introduced when Jesus gave his original prayer and therefore could not have been part of his original meaning."[44]
For the future[edit]
Another translation widely considered possible that epiousios is related to the verb ienai, meaning both to come and to go. Epiousei used in Acts 7:26 to refer to the next day may be a related word.[1] There is no known adjective meaning for tomorrow in contemporary works, and it is thus possible that a writer was forced to coin a new word to preserve the desired structure of the verse.[31] One problem is that the -ios suffix is usually added to nouns not adjectives.[45]
This leads to a cluster of related translations including: "bread for tomorrow," "bread for the future," and "bread for the coming day."[1] This translation is also advanced as a possibility by Jerome who notes that the Gospel of the Hebrews used ma[h]ar ("for tomorrow") in this verse.[46] Other early supporters of this translation are Cyril of Alexandria and Peter of Laodicea.[47] It is also indicated by early Bohairic and Sahidic translations.[40] Albert Schweitzer reintroduced this translation in modern times[1] and most scholars today believe this is the most plausible origin of epiousios.[48]
Beyond the literal meaning, this translation can also be read in an eschatological context, with the tomorrow being referenced being the end times and the bread that of the messianic feast.[49] A prominent advocate for this interpretation is Roman Catholic scholar Raymond E. Brown. He argues that all the other verses of the Lord's Prayer are eschatological, so it would be incongruous for this verse to be speaking prosaically about bread for eating.[50] Eduard Schweizer, a Swiss New Testament scholar and theologian, disagrees. Humble bread was not traditionally presented as part of the messianic feast and the prosaic need for bread to survive would have been a universal sentiment of Jesus' followers.[51]
This is one translation by modern scholars, with linguistic links as well in both Greek and Aramaic, but one flaw is that it was rarely considered by early writers with far more Koine Greek knowledge than any modern scholar.[32] Another problem with this translation is it also seems to contradict Matthew 6:31, where only a few verses later Jesus tells his followers not to worry about food, that God will take care of such needs. W.D. Davies, a Welsh Congregationalist scholar, and Dale Allison, an American New Testament scholar, don't see a contradiction. Matthew 6:34 tells one not to be anxious about such needs. That a pious person asks God in prayer for these needs to be filled, may rather be why there is no need to worry.[15]
Doesn't run out[edit]
Kenneth E. Bailey, an Episcopal professor of theology and linguistics, proposed "give us today the bread that doesn't run out" as the correct translation. The Syriac versions of the Bible were some of the first translations of the Gospels from the Greek into another language. Syriac is also close to Jesus' own Aramaic, and the translators close in time and language to Jesus should thus have had considerable insight into his original meanings. In Syriac epiousios is translated as anemo, meaning lasting or perpetual.[52]
Lutheran scholar Douglas E. Oakman suggests "give us today bread in abundance" as another translation. He notes that in the contemporary literature ousia can mean substance, but it also has a concrete meaning of a large, substantial, estate. Thus by connection with the word periousiois, epiousios could refer to plentiful or abundant bread.[53]
Oakman also notes contemporary sources that translate ousia as the royal or imperial estate, and the verse could also originally have meant "give us the royal bread ration for today."[53]
That belongs to it[edit]
Davies and Allison note that the verse has also been translated as "give us this day the bread that belongs to it," though they note that this expression is little recognized by modern scholars.[15]
See also[edit]
- Language of the New Testament
- Magisterium
- Novum Testamentum Graece
- Ousia
- Vetus Latina
- Vulgate and Nova Vulgata
- ^ a b c d e David Edward Aune (2013). Jesus, Gospel Tradition and Paul in the Context of Jewish and Greco-Roman Antiquity: Collected Essays II. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-3-16-152315-1.
- ^ a b http://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/6-11.htm
- ^ The New Greek-English Interlinear New Testament, 1993, The United Bible Societies, (basis: UBS4 Greek text), page x of Introduction
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/20-2.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/luke/9-23.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/acts/6-1.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/acts/17-11.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/acts/17-17.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/acts/19-9.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/2_corinthians/11-28.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/hebrews/3-13.htm
- ^ http://biblehub.com/interlinear/hebrews/10-11.htm
- ^ See article 2837 here: http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p4s2a3.htm
- ^ a b c d Brant Pitre (23 November 2015). Jesus and the Last Supper. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-4674-4404-0.
- ^ a b c William David Davies; Dale C. Allison (Jr.) (1988). Matthew. Clark. p. 608.
- ^ http://www.greekbible.com/index.php
- ^ F. Preisigke, Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten 1.5224:20
- ^ Flinders Petrie Hawara p. 34)
- ^ a b Discussion on the B-Greek mailing list. Tue Jun 7 15:43:35 EDT 2005
- ^ Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, eds. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. University of Chicago Press (the Bauer lexicon)
- ^ "Let us now consider what the word epiousion, needful, means. First of all it should be known that the word epiousion is not found in any Greek writer whether in philosophy or in common usage, but seems to have been formed by the evangelists. At least Matthew and Luke, in having given it to the world, concur in using it in identical form. The same thing has been done by translators from Hebrew in other instances also; for what Greek ever used the expression enotizou or akoutisthete instead of eistaota dexai or akousai poice se?" (Origen, On Prayer) Chapter XVII, "Give us today our needful bread")
- ^ William Barclay (1 November 1998). The Lord's Prayer. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-664-25815-3.
- ^ a b Colin Brown (1975). The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Zondervan Publishing House. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-310-33230-5.
- ^ Georgi Vasilev (17 October 2007). Heresy and the English Reformation: Bogomil-Cathar Influence on Wycliffe, Langland, Tyndale and Milton. McFarland. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7864-8667-0.
- ^ http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_evang-matthaeum_lt.html
- ^ http://www.biblestudytools.com/wnt/matthew/6.html
- ^ Craig A. Evans (6 February 2012). Matthew. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-0-521-81214-6.
- ^ a b c Nicholas Ayo (2002). The Lord's Prayer: A Survey Theological and Literary. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7425-1453-9.
- ^ ——— (1981). The Gospel According to Luke 1-9. Anchor Yale Bible. 28. New York: Doubleday. p. 900. ISBN 978-0-3850-0515-9.
- ^ Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Hendrickson. 1994. ISBN 978-1-56563-035-2.
- ^ a b c d Luz, Ulrich. Matthew 1-7 A Continental Commentary. 1992. pg. 381
- ^ a b c d Brant Pitre (23 November 2015). Jesus and the Last Supper. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-1-4674-4404-0.
- ^ E.g., in Richard Challoner's 1750 revision of the Douay Bible: "Give us this day our supersubstantial bread". Quoted in Blackford Condit's The History of the English Bible, A.S. Barnes & Co.: New York, 1882. p. 323.
- ^ Ratzinger, Joseph (2007). Jesus of Nazareth. Doubleday. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-58617-198-8.
- ^ Trent, Session 13, Chapter VIII)
- ^ http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p4s2a3.htm
- ^ Scott Hahn (16 June 2009). Catholic Bible Dictionary. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-0-385-53008-8.
- ^ Hauptová, Zoe, editor (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), Prague: Euroslavica
- ^ Eugene LaVerdiere (1996). The Eucharist in the New Testament and the Early Church. Liturgical Press. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-0-8146-6152-9.
- ^ a b Raymond E. Brown. "The Pater Noster as an Eschatological Prayer." Theological Studies 1961
- ^ Jean Carmignac (1969). Recherches sur le "Notre Père.". Letouzey & Ané.
- ^ a b Boff, Leonardo (3 December 2014). The Lord's Prayer: The Prayer of Integral Liberation. Orbis Books. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-1-60833-595-4.
- ^ Boring, Eugene "Gospel of Matthew." The New Interpreter's Bible, volume 8 Abingdon, 1995
- ^ Craig L. Blomberg (5 March 2015). Neither Poverty nor Riches: A Biblical Theology of Possessions. InterVarsity Press. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-0-8308-9933-3.
- ^ Beare (1 March 1984). Gospel According to Matthew. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-631-13307-0.
- ^ Herbert Basser; Marsha B. Cohen (13 March 2015). The Gospel of Matthew and Judaic Traditions: A Relevance-based Commentary. BRILL. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-90-04-29178-2.
- ^ Douglas E. Oakman (1 January 2008). Jesus and the Peasants. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-1-59752-275-5.
- ^ Robert Horton Gundry (1994). Matthew: A Commentary on His Handbook for a Mixed Church Under Persecution. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8028-0735-9.
- ^ horst Balz; Gerhard M. Schneider (20 January 2004). Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 32–. ISBN 978-0-8028-2808-8.
- ^ Raymond E. Brown. "The Pater Noster as an Eschatological Prayer=." Theological Studies 1961
- ^ Eduard Schweizer (1975). The Good News According to Matthew. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8042-0251-0.
- ^ Kenneth E. Bailey (20 August 2009). Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels. InterVarsity Press. pp. 120–. ISBN 978-0-8308-7585-6.
- ^ a b Douglas E. Oakman (30 April 2015). Jesus, Debt, and the Lord's Prayer: First-Century Debt and Jesus' Intentions. James Clarke & Co. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-0-227-17529-3.
- M. Nijman and K. A. Worp. "ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ in a documentary papyrus?". Novum Testamentum XLI (1999) 3 (July), p. 231-234.
- B.M. Metzger, "How Many Times Does ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ Occur outside The Lord's Prayer?" ExpTimes 69 (1957–58) 52-54.


text:
The starting point for this trail is the quaint alpine village of Charmey, in the heart of La Gruyère. «Gruyères» is the name of the village, which is home to the famous castle and the equally famous cheese.
This short trail is not technically difficult and takes walkers to the top of the Col des Combes, the saddle connecting the Dent du Chamois to the Dent de Broc. The cross at the top of the Dent de Broc can be seen from the Col de Combes. The trail offers spectacular views of the Moléson, the Mont Blanc and the Gastlosen.
Variant A: Ascent to Dent de Broc (an additional 160 metres in altitude). However, this is only possible when there is no snow or ice cover. Mountaineering experience is a must.
Places along the route: Charmey - Chapelle de La Monse - Vallée de Motélon - Les Groins - Col des Combes - Les Groins - Vallée de Montélon - Chapelle de La Monse - Charmey
First published: Montag, 5. Dezember 2011
Last updated: Montag, 6. August 2012
Tour published by: GPS-Tracks.com powered by GEO-Tracks GmbH


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It's a necessary prerequisite for persuasion. (Good post on how to understand another's point of view.
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It's a necessary prerequisite for persuasion. (Good post on how to understand another's point of view.
Via Karen Dietz
SooJin-Stella Lee's comment, April 30, 2013 7:08 AM
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It's not uncommon for designers to confuse a beautiful looking product with one that works beautifully. A great technique for creating smarter, better products is to approach them using story-centered design.
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Karen Dietz's comment, April 18, 2013 2:55 PM
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Storytelling is by far the most underrated skill when it comes to business. Gary Vaynerchuk, master marketer and entrepreneur Even...
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This frame was specially designed for genuine power women. Graceful design and expressiveness are interspersed with classical chic. Wearing full rim eyewear, you make it unmistakably clear that you are going the whole hog. The butterfly look is characterized by the thick full frame. The classic shape has an enduring popularity and is always en vogue. Stars like Marilyn Monroe made the look famous. This eye-catching shape is particularly suitable for faces with broad cheeks. The butterfly shape attracts everyone's attention. Due to its extravagance, it is absolutely perfect for confident personalities. The look is particularly suitable for somewhat shorter faces because the special shape makes the faces appear elongated and, thus, more slender. Plastic frames like these combine durability and are comfortable to wear. The JC0710 is a very snug fit on the ears and nose. Black is one of the undisputed classics. It can be combined with any outfit and simultaneously radiates elegance and naturalness.
Moreover, we can also provide you with the correct prescription lenses at an incredibly low price. The only thing you need to provide us with are your current dioptre values determined by your ophthalmologist. Together with our digital dispensing optician, you can choose between reasonably priced brand lenses from Germany or premium brands such as Seiko, Hoya and Rodenstock. Edel-Optics' plastic lenses have many features such as anti-reflection coating, lotus effect, cleaning coating, antistatic and hard coating at no extra charge.
Even if this Just Cavalli is presently not in stock, it is worth ordering now, because the current price can't be beaten. And because Edel-Optics is a paradise for bargain hunters, you can get this top model at an incredibly low price. What is labelled as "in the sale" at other online shops, is for us "all-day-everyday" prices.
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Nancy Sud Vandoeuvre, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- Dining venue
- Free WiFi and free parking
Main amenities
- 89 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Rooftop terrace
- Breakfast available
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Garden
- Meeting room
- Luggage storage
- Limited hour front desk
For families
- Private bathroom
- Garden
- Daily housekeeping
- Coffee/tea maker
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Cable TV service
What's around
- Musee de l'Ecole de Nancy (2.7 mi / 4.3 km)
- Musee des Beaux-arts (8.8 mi / 14.1 km)
- Place Stanislas (8.9 mi / 14.3 km)
- CHU Nancy (4.4 mi / 7.1 km)
- Nancy Tourism Office (4.7 mi / 7.5 km)
Nancy Sud Vandoeuvre, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $47
- Double Room
- Double Room
- Twin Room
- Triple Room: 1 Double & 1 single bed
- Twin Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 89 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-10 PM
- Check-out time is noon
- Monday - Friday: 6:30 AM - 11 PM
- Saturday - Sunday: 7 AM - 10 PM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed *
- Specific rooms only *
- 1 per room (up to 10 kg)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Golfing nearby
- One meeting room
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Rooftop terrace
- Garden
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Balcony
- Private bathroom
- Designer toiletries
- Cable TV channels
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- Access via exterior corridors
Special features
DiningOnsite venue - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A children's menu is available. Open select days.
Nancy Sud Vandoeuvre, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy's small print
Also known as
- Nancy Sud Vandoeuvre Hotel
- Sud Vandoeuvre Hotel
- Nancy Sud Vandoeuvre
- Sud Vandoeuvre
- Hotel Nancy Sud France/Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.99 per person, per night
Optional extras
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 9.90 for adults and EUR 4.75 for children (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 5 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
More great choices
Recent reviews
Good 3.6 /5 from 164 reviews
One night stay but motel which is located in with several other hotels was clean, handy location, friendly helpful staff and good value.
A one night stopover on our way to Epernay. Difficult to find in spite of large signage.The GPS in the rental vehicle refused to allow No.1 in the appropriate street, only 13,17 etc.As a result we took 45 minutes to find location.It keep sending us a half km. from site. Not the hotel's fault , just a note for GPS USERS. Good location neat and clean, very good value.
We traveled from Italy and wanted a stop over en route back home. Location is ideal just off the Autoroute The confusing issue is that the web details DO NOT state it is a Campanile Motel. and we had to ask in another hotel in the same road where Sud Vandoeuvre was? they had not heard of it and suggested we try the Campanile opposite to them. It was Campanile, the buildings are in need of decorating outside. the room was clean. The down side was it was a hot day & night there is not air conditioning no curtains to draw only net, so to stop people looking in you need to close the window roller shutters making no air circulation.
Overnight stop en route to the Alps
A quite and restful stop on our way to Italy. Friendly and courteous staff.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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On Sunday, September 18, 2016 08:47:55 PM Ed Schouten wrote: > Author: ed > Date: Sun Sep 18 20:47:55 2016 > New Revision: 305952 > URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/305952 > > Log: > Replace dirname(3) by a copy that complies to POSIX. > > It turns out that the path normalization that our brand new copy of > dirname(3) does is actually not allowed by the draft version of the > upcoming version of POSIX. It has to behave identically to the > dirname(1) utility. > > This change replaces our new dirname(3) implementation by yet another > version that doesn't implement the path normalization logic; it merely > looks for the end of the directory name and overwrites that with a null > byte. > > More details: See note #3370 at http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1073
Don't you need the _Generic hack we have for basename now? -- John Baldwin _______________________________________________ email@example.com mailing list https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/svn-src-all To unsubscribe, send any mail to "svn-src-all-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"


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Why did amzn go up today??? The Nasdaq was dow 0.74% and aapl was down 12%. I am mystified.
Was it because they acquired the voice recognition company? Do folks think this will help with a smartphone offering???
Was it because investors in aapl thought they'd regain there losses in amzn??? I find this hard to believe.
Was it a short squeeze??? I find this hard to believe because short interest is way down and shorts would likely pile in on a down day for tech.
I am just trying to understand this piece of the investing world and I simply don't have a clue right now.


text:
To the Editor:—
The report of Wright and Gold in The Journal, August 11, of Loeffler's syndrome following cutaneous helminthiasis adds a hitherto unreported etiologic factor and supports the view that this syndrome is an allergic phenomenon. For the sake of completeness, it is worthy of note that the first report of Loeffler's syndrome in the United States known to me indicated that the allergic response in the case observed (Ellis, Ralph V., and McKinlay, C. A.: Allergic Pneumonia, J. Lab. & Clin. Med.26:1427 [June] 1941) was due to the oral administration of a sulfonamide compound.
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Chad Cordero News
Chad Cordero news continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
"Don't pay for saves"
Jun 10, 2016 | The Big Apple | Comment?
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Showing available accommodation2 guests USD Change dates
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The twin towns are not relaxing places to stay due to traffic congestion and industry. Nearby Ninh Chu Beach, 6km east of Phan Rang, is far more inviting.
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text:
Micro Ohm Meter, 1u Ohms-400 Ohms
- Item# 5GTJ1
- Mfr. Model# 6240
- Catalog Page# 700
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
- Shipping Weight 17.5 lbs.
Product Details
Technical Specs
- Item Micro Ohm Meter
- Resistance Range 5u ohm to 400 ohm
- Resolution 1u Ohms to 100m Ohms
- Accuracy +/-0.25%
- Output Current 10mA to 10A
- Display Backlit Dual Line LCD
- Power Source NiMH Battery
- Counts 4000
- Safety Rating CAT III 50V
- Data Storage 99 Test Results
- Interface USB
- Includes Battery, Power Cord, (2) 10 ft Cables with 10 A Kelvin Clips, USB Interface Cable, Software, and User Manual
Compliance and Restrictions
Alternate Products
Alternate Products may not be identical in style or function to original selection. Please compare below for more information.
Item # 4YY53AEMC
Price $4,749.00 / each
Alternate Search Terms
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Grainger is neither responsible for, nor does it endorse, the content of any product review or statement posted. Any statements posted constitute the statements of the poster and are not the statements of Grainger. The statements posted by Grainger employees with the Grainger employee badge represent the views of such employees and are not the statements of Grainger. Grainger makes no representations as to the appropriateness, accuracy, completeness, correctness, currentness, suitability, or validity of any product review or statements posted, including those posted by employees with the Grainger employee badge, and is not liable for any losses, injuries or damages which may result from any such product review or statements. Use of any linked web site provided in a product review or post is at the user's own risk.


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Are you...?
If yes, click here to learn about BBB Accreditation.
This business is not BBB accredited.
Hitch Pro & Tow Inc
Phone: (541) 434-2403 Fax: (541) 686-6170 4701 W 11th Ave, Eugene, OR 97402 http://www.hitchpro.net
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
This company provides hitches, wiring, tow bars, 5th wheels, towing brake systems, custom fabricating, overloads, and trailer maintenance.
View Business Review Inquiries
Hitch Pro & Tow Inc has had their Business Review viewed 9 time(s) over the last 40 days. Click to view where these inquiries originated.
BBB Accreditation
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Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that affect the rating for Hitch Pro & Tow Inc include:
- Length of time business has been operating
- No complaints filed with BBB
Customer Complaints Summary
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Additional Information
Type of Entity
Business ManagementMr. Craig Metzger, Corporate Officer
Contact Information
Business Category
Trailer Hitches Recreational Vehicles - Equipment, Parts, Supplies Truck Equipment & Parts


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Crisis and Leviathan: The Trick that Works Every Time | Robert Higgs
Posted: Wed. September 28, 2016, 9:39am PT
Senior Fellow Robert Higgs gives The Wieser Lecture, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, April 18, 2006.
Recorded: Tue. April 18, 2006Experts: Robert HiggsType: Other EventIssues: Government Power
Crime and Punishment | Kyle Swan
Posted: Wed. September 14, 2016, 9:14am PT
Kyle Swan analyzes what a crime is and which activities can be considered a crime according to the law and state interest.
Recorded: Thu. June 23, 2016Experts: Kyle SwanType: Challenge of Liberty SeminarsIssues: Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit), Gun Control
Failure: The Federal 'Misedukation' of Americas Children | Vicki E. Alger
Posted: Tue. August 30, 2016, 2:34pm PT
Research Fellow Vicki E. Alger presents her Independent Institute book, Failure: The Federal 'Misedukation' of Americas Children, in which she discusses the creation of the U.S. Department of Education and its harmful impact on education in America.
This event was held at the Heritage Foundation and aired on C-SPAN.
Recorded: Wed. July 20, 2016Experts: Vicki E. AlgerType: Other EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Culture/ Society, Education, Family, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork, History (U.S), Privatization, Race Issues, Urban Issues, Womens Issues
Ivan Eland on Turkey's border controls
Posted: Thu. August 25, 2016, 4:25pm PT
To further discuss Turkey's homeland security outlook and the fate of Muslims in Turkey, CCTV Americas Asieh Namdar spoke with Ivan Eland, director of the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute.
Recorded: Tue. August 23, 2016Type: Television
Franklin D. Roosevelt: Champion or Opponent of Liberty | Robert P. Murphy
Posted: Wed. August 24, 2016, 3:17pm PT
Conrad Black and Independent Institute Senior Fellow Robert P. Murphy in Franklin D. Roosevelt: Champion or Opponent of Liberty debate at Freedom Fest 2016.
This video was produced by Freedom Fest.
Robert P. Murphy is author of the book
Choice: Cooperation, Enterprise, and Human Action
Conrad Black is a critically acclaimed author and biographer and former head of Argus & Hollinger group of companies. He was the publisher of London's Telegraph newspapers. Black is also the founder of Canada's National Post.
Recorded: Fri. July 15, 2016Experts: Robert P. MurphyType: Other Event
Research Fellow Vicki Alger appears on KFMBs Brett Winterble Radio Show
Posted: Fri. August 19, 2016, 1:30pm PT
Research Fellow Vicki Alger, author of Failure: The Misedukation of Americas Children,
appears on KFMBs Brett Winterble Radio Show to discuss education in America. The discussion centers around performance of Americas schools and the proper role of the federal government in education. Alger discusses parental choice programs in inner cities and other programs that are working, without the long arm of the federal government. She compares the education systems in other countries that are successful and how the US might learn from their success.
Recorded: Wed. August 17, 2016Experts: Vicki E. AlgerType: RadioIssues: Education
Sr. Fellow John C. Goodman Appears on KFMB Radio
Posted: Tue. August 16, 2016, 1:49pm PT
Sr. Fellow John C. Goodman, author of A Better Choice appears on the Mike Slater show on KFMB radio in San Diego, CA. Goodman describes how free markets and competition help lower prices and improve care for certain medical procedures. In one example, prices for knee replacements came down after an insurance carrier told their patients that they could only go to certain hospitals, where the cost was significantly lower. Soon, other hospitals lowered their costs for similar procedures.
Recorded: Tue. August 16, 2016Experts: John C. GoodmanType: Radio
Vicki Alger, Ph.D., Author of Failure on Focus Today
Posted: Tue. August 2, 2016, 5:17pm PT
Vicki Alger, PhD., author of Failure: The Federal Misedukation of America's Children, explains the problems and offers sound, private, choice-based strategies toward overcoming the failures of America's government-dominated educational system.
This video was produced by The DoveTV.
Recorded: Fri. July 22, 2016Experts: Vicki E. AlgerType: Other EventIssues: Education


text:
Back to gallery
Images from the Dear Lawrence photo project
July 2012 update: We're once again accepting photos for the Dear Lawrence project. Scroll down to see some of the new additions.
Members of our photography staff, local photographers and all of you are invited to participate in our Dear Lawrence Community photo project. These are some of the great photos we've received so far, but there's still time to participate. Get out your old photos and your cameras and start submitting. You can do it via email to firstname.lastname@example.com, by posting a photo on our Facebook page wall at Facebook.com/LJWorld, or submitting an image at ljworld.com/dearlawrence.
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- Report: Kansas government has 2 days' worth of cash reserves September 28, 2016 · 21 comments
- Letter to the editor: Promoting voting September 28, 2016 · 13 comments
- Kobach ordered to tell Kansas voters that their fall ballots will count September 27, 2016 · 11 comments
- Jeremy Farmer pleads guilty to stealing thousands of dollars from nonprofit food pantry September 28, 2016 · 9 comments
- Brownback, advisers abandon report on Kansas economy September 26, 2016 · 30 comments
- Planning Commission gives HERE parking plan preliminary approval September 26, 2016 · 13 comments
- Stolen banner returned to ECM; Granada Theater posts 'Black Lives Matter' on its marquee September 21, 2016 · 42 comments
- Kansas gun law may prompt congressional backlash; may force KU to disclose more about weapons policies September 19, 2016 · 99 comments
- Letter to the editor: Be respectful September 26, 2016 · 19 comments
- Facing a trademark infringement lawsuit, Sun Cedar files for bankruptcy and closes its doors September 26, 2016 · 18 comments
- Gameday Breakdown: KU football at Texas Tech September 29, 2016
- Like Xavier Henry before him, KU freshman Josh Jackson joining talented, experienced Kansas roster September 28, 2016


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Celebrate Hanukkah, Christmas, or New Year's Eve on a modern luxury vacation. With 12 amazing holiday sailings ranging from 7 to 15 nights, you'll find a vacation that gives you everything you love about the holidays (without any of the hassle), and one that brings your family and friends closer together for an unforgettable celebration.
Unlimited High-speed Internet package for two
Classic beverage package for two
Prepaid gratuities for two
$300 to spend on board
6 reasons to celebrate your holidays with Celebrity
Take a break this year, celebrate with friends and family on a holiday cruise vacation with Celebrity. Relax on a white sand beach in the Caribbean, or try something different and go far East with a New Year's cruise to Asia. Exchange gifts and start new traditions as you sail together across the world, making memories to share for a lifetime.
Everything's PreppedEnjoy traditional holiday meals and decorating with no prep or clean up to worry about.
TogethernessEveryone gets to enjoy downtime during the holidays to spend with those who matter most.
Award-winning DiningSumptuous holiday meals–from appetizers to desserts–are created by a James Beard–featured chef.
EntertainmentFestive holiday shows, entertainment and carolers will get everyone in the spirit.
TraditionsSanta brings gifts to all the kids and the halls will be decked to perfection. Corks pop on New Year's Eve.
1 FREE Perk as Our GiftChoose free drinks, free Internet, and more when you book an ocean view stateroom or higher on 2016–2017 holiday sailings.
Holiday Sailings
Take a break and relax, we prepare holiday-themed sumptuous menus and an array of dinner and dessert options. Only worry about how if you want to sail the Caribbean, Asia, or Panama.Thanksgiving Sailings
Start a new family tradition, there will be plenty of holiday cheer onboard our Christmas Cruises. And, you can also choose to celebrate both Christmas and New Years onboard, sailing to destinations like the Caribbean, Hong Kong, and south America.Christmas Sailings
Ring in the New Year and pop corks while you travel to destinations like India, the Caribbean, or the South Pacific with old and new friends at one of our many onboard lounges..New Year's Sailings
Where do you want to go for the holidays?
Contact your travel agent,See All Holiday Sailings
or call us at 1.844.462.6110
*Prices are per person, cruise only, for stateroom category 08, select sailings and based on double occupancy.
Cruise must be booked September 1 – October 2, 2016 (the "Offer Period"). Offer applies to 4-night and longer cruises departing December 1, 2016 – April 30, 2018. No promo code required. Offer excludes Galapagos, Alaska Cruisetours, Celebrity Explorations, Repositioning, Transatlantic, Transpacific cruises, and residents of the U.K. Eligible sailings listed at celebritycruises.com/HalfOff.
Half Off Companion Cruise Fare offer provides 50% off cruise fare of the second guest booked in the same stateroom as the first full fare guest. Offer applies to ocean view and higher stateroom categories. All other charges, including but not limited to, cruise taxes, fees and port expenses are additional and apply to all guests.
Reduced Deposit: 50% per person reduced deposit applies to individual bookings made more than 90 days prior to departure date. The Reduced Deposit Offer excludes group bookings, Galapagos sailings, Alaska Cruisetours and Celebrity Explorations. To redeem at celebrity.com, on the payment page select "Other" in the deposit field and enter the 50% per person deposit amount. Standard full deposit penalty is applied if booking is cancelled within final payment period; see Celebrity's cancellation policy for details.
Go Big Amenities: Each of the first two guests in a qualifying ocean view, veranda, Concierge Class, or AquaClass stateroom are eligible to receive one complimentary amenity: Classic Beverage Package, "Unlimited Internet" package, $150 per person onboard credit ("OBC"), or Prepaid Gratuities. For an additional charge, guests receive all four amenities with an upgrade to the Premium Beverage package. Charge varies by option and cruise night. All guests in the same stateroom must select the same options and provide Celebrity with the selected options at the time of booking. Promo codes are not required. Each of the first two guests in a qualifying suite booking are eligible to receive four complimentary amenities (beverage package is upgraded to a Premium Beverage Package).
Offer also provides each third occupancy (and greater) guest who is booked in a qualifying stateroom, with one 40-minute Internet Package and one Classic Non-Alcoholic Beverage Package. Internet usage terms apply. Terms of Celebrity's Alcohol Policy apply, including a minimum drinking age, which varies by itinerary. Each guest must provide date of birth at the time of booking.
Prepaid Gratuities option provides for prepaid stateroom, waiter, assistant waiter, and headwaiter gratuities in the amount suggested by Celebrity's guidelines. Gratuities will be applied to the reservation within 10 days of booking date.
Guests with Internet Packages will receive instructions for Internet access in their staterooms on the first day of the cruise.
OBC option: Guests' stateroom folios will be credited with an OBC. OBC has no cash value, is applicable to cruise only, non-transferable, not redeemable for cash, and will expire if not used by 10:00 PM on the final night of the cruise.
Offer applies to new individual bookings and to staterooms in non-contracted group bookings, which must be named and deposited during the Offer Period. Offer is capacity controlled, availability varies by sailing, and eligible staterooms may sell out. All offers are non-transferable and applicable only to the Offer Cruise. Offer is not combinable with any other offer, promotion or discounted rate, including, but not limited to, Book & Go, Exciting Deals, Celebrity's ChoiceAir®, Interline, Senior, resident rates, net rates, travel agent, and employee rates. No refunds or credits will be granted for unused options. Offer and prices are subject to availability and change without notice, capacity controlled, and not applicable to charters or contracted groups. Single occupancy bookings are eligible for the Offer.
Refer to celebritycruises.com and the Cruise Ticket Contract for additional terms and conditions. Celebrity reserves the right to cancel the Offer at any time, correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions, and change or update fares, fees and surcharges at any time without prior notice.
To redeem offer, book online at celebritycruises.com, contact your travel agent, or call Celebrity Cruises at 1-877-812-4739.