text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 7, 2006
|Filing date
|Mar 31, 1998
|Priority date
|Mar 31, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Mohammad Abdallah, Srinivas Chennupaty, Robert S. Dreyer, Michael A. Julier, Katherine Kong, Larry Mennemeier, Ticky S. Thakkar
|Original Assignee
|Intel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (16), Classifications (18), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates in general to the field of computer systems, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for performing multi-dimensional computations based on an insert-extract operation.
To improve the efficiency of multimedia applications, as well as other applications with similar characteristics, a Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) architecture has been implemented in computer systems to enable one instruction to operate on several operands simultaneously, rather than on a single operand. In particular, SIMD architectures take advantage of packing many data elements within one register or memory location. With parallel hardware execution, multiple operations can be performed with one instruction, resulting in significant performance improvement.
Although many applications currently in use can take advantage of such vertical operations, there are a number of important applications which would require the rearrangement of the data elements before vertical operations can be implemented so as to provide realization of the application. Examples of such important applications include the dot product and matrix multiplication operations, which are commonly used in 3-D graphics and signal processing applications.
Therefore, there is a need for providing an apparatus and method for efficiently performing vertical SIMD computations.
The present invention provides an apparatus and method for performing an insert-extract operation on packed data using computer-implemented steps is described. In one embodiment, a first data operand having a data element is accessed. A second packed data operand having at least two data elements is then accessed. The data element in the first data operand is inserted into any destination field of a destination register, or alternatively, a data element is extracted from any field of the source register.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method and apparatus are described for moving data elements into and out of a packed data operand (an insert-extract operation). The PINSRW and PEXTRW insert-extract instructions allow a user to insert or extract a word into or from any of the four 16-bit fields in a mm register or memory, which is 64 bits wide architecturally. The four fields consist of bits 63:48, 47:32, 31:16 and 15:0. Because there are four fields to select from, the first two bits of an immediate field imm are used to designate which position to either insert the 16-bit word into a register or memory, or extract from the 64 bit word into the lower 16-bit word of a register or memory.
The term "registers" is used herein to refer to the on-board processor storage locations that are used as part of macro-instructions to identify operands. In other words, the registers referred to herein are those that are visible from the outside of the processor (from a programmers perspective). However, the registers described herein can be implemented by circuitry within a processor using any number of different techniques, such as dedicated physical registers, dynamically allocated physical registers using register renaming, combinations of dedicated and dynamically allocated physical registers, etc.
In addition to other devices, one or more of a network 130, a TV broadcast signal receiver 131, a fax/modem 132, a digitizing unit 133, a sound unit 134, and a graphics unit 135 may optionally be coupled to bus 115. The network 130 and fax modem 132 represent one or more network connections for transmitting data over a machine readable media (e.g., carrier waves). The digitizing unit 133 represents one or more devices for digitizing images (i.e., a scanner, camera, etc.). The sound unit 134 represents one or more devices for inputting and/or outputting sound (e.g., microphones, speakers, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, etc.). The graphics unit 135 represents one or more devices for generating 3-D images (e.g., graphics card).
The decode unit 140 is shown including packed data instruction set 145 for performing operations on packed data. In one embodiment, the packed data instruction set 145 includes the following instructions: a move instruction(s) 150, a shuffle instruction(s) 155, an add instruction(s) (such as ADDPS) 160, and a multiply instruction(s) 165. The MOVAPS, SHUFPS and ADDPS instructions are applicable to packed floating point data, in which the results of an operation between two sets of numbers having a predetermined number of bits, are stored in a register having the same predetermined number of bits, i.e., the size or configuration of the operand is the same as that of the result register. The operation of each of these instructions is further described herein. While one embodiment is described in which the packed data instructions operate on floating point data, alternative embodiments could alternatively or additionally have similar instructions that operate on integer data.
In addition to the packed data instructions, processor 105 can include new instructions and/or instructions similar to or the same as those found in existing general purpose processors. For example, in one embodiment the processor 105 supports an instruction set which is compatible with the Intel� Architecture instruction set used by existing processors, such as the Pentium� II processor. Alternative embodiments of the invention may contain more or less, as well as different, packed data instructions and still utilize the teachings of the invention.
The registers 141 represent a storage are on processor 105 for storing information, including control/status information, integer data, floating point data, and packed data. It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that one aspect of the invention is the described instruction set for operating on packed data. According to this aspect of the invention, the storage area used for storing the packed data is not critical. The term data processing system is used herein to refer to any machine for processing data, including the computer systems(s) described with reference to
While one embodiment of the invention is described in which the processor 105, executing the packed data instructions operates on 128-bit packed data operands containing four 32-bit single precision floating point values, can operate on packed data in several different packed data formats. For example, in one embodiment, packed data can be operated on in one of three formats: a "packed byte" format (e.g., PADDb), a "packed word" format (e.g., PADDw), or a "packed double word" (dword) format (e.g., PADDd). The packed byte format includes eight separate 8-bit data elements; the packed word format includes four separate 16-bit data elements; the packed dword format includes two separate 32-bit data elements 16-bit data elements. While certain instructions are discussed below with reference to one or two packed data formats, the instructions may be similarly applied the other packed data formats of the invention.
The shuffle instruction of the present invention is part of a family of many different instructions which operate with SIMD architecture. For example,
The process S500 then proceeds to process step S520, where numbers B0, B1, B2 and B3 are stored as data elements in a packed data item 525. For present discussion purposes, each data element is 16-bits wide, and the operand to be inserted into is contained in register X, in the following order:
A 2-bit immediate value is used as a specifier field to indicate how data elements should be inserted. The two bits of the specifier field indicate which of the four data elements in the data operand are inserted into. For the purpose of explanation along with the example shown in
It will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that the size of the insert specifier field may vary depending on the number of fields in the destination register. For example, with only a two field destination register, a one bit specifier field is sufficient to indicate how the data should be inserted.
The process S500 then advances to process step S530, where a PINSRW instruction is performed on the contents of the memory element (data item 515) and register X (data item 525) and immediate value 11, so as to replace data item B3 with A. The resulting data item 535 stored in register X is as follows:
Accordingly, a PINSRW operation is performed. Although
A 2-bit immediate value is used as a specifier field to indicate how data elements should be extracted. The two bits of the specifier field indicate which of the four data elements in the data operand are extracted from. For the purpose of explanation along with the example shown in
It will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that the size of the extract specifier field may vary depending on the number of data elements in the source data operand. For example, with only a two element source register, a one bit specifier field is sufficient to indicate how the data should be extracted.
The process S500 then advances to process step S560, where a PEXTRW instruction is performed on the contents of register X (data item 555) and immediate value 10, so as to extract data item B2. The resulting data item 565 contains the value of B2.
Accordingly, a PEXTRW operation is performed. Although
Accordingly, an insert operation is performed. Although
The insert-extract instruction of the present invention may be used as part of many different applications. For example,
In one embodiment, the computer system 100 shown in
In this embodiment, the digital filter unit 718 is implemented using the processor 105 and the software 136 to perform the a digital filter. In this embodiment, the processor 105, executing the software 136, performs the digital filter using insert-extract operations, and stores the filtered data 718 in storage device 110. In this manner, the digital filter is performed by the host processor of the computer system, rather than the TV broadcast signal receiver 131. As a result, the complexity of the TV broadcast signal receiver 131 is reduced. In this embodiment, the video decoder 721 may be implemented in any number of different combinations of hardware, software, and/or firmware. The audio and video data 724 can then be sorted, and/or displayed on the display 125 and the sound unit 134, respectively.
In one embodiment, the computer system 100 shown in
While several examples uses of insert-extract operations have been described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention is not limited to these uses. In addition, while the invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described. The method and apparatus of the invention can be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting on the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 19, 1995
|Nov 10, 1998
|Intel Corporation
|Method for executing different sets of instructions that cause a processor to perform different data type operations on different physical registers files that logically appear to software as a single aliased register file
|Mar 31, 1998
|Mar 21, 2000
|Intel Corporation
|Dual function system and method for shuffling packed data elements
|May 14, 1996
|Nov 7, 2000
|Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics Limited
|Manipulation of data
|Title not available
|Abott, Massalin, Peterson, Karzes, Yamano, Kellogg, "Broadband Algorithms with the MicroUnity Mediaprocessor", Proceedings of Compcon, IEEE, 1996, pp. 349-354.
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., "AMD-3D Technology Manual", Feb. 1998.
|Hansen, Craig, "Architecture of a Broadband Mediaprocessor", Proceedings of Compcon, IEEE, 1996, pp. 334-340.
|Hayes, Loyola, Abott, Massalin, "MicroUnity Software Development Environment", Proceedings of Compcon, IEEE, 1996, pp. 341-348.
|IBM Corporation, "ESA/390 Principles of Operation", 1993, Chapters 5 and 8.
|Levinthal and Porter, "Chap-A SIMD Graphics Processor", Computer Graphics Project,, ACM, vol. 18, No. 3, Jul. 1984, pp. 77-81.
|Levinthal, Hanrahan, Paquette, Lawson, "Parallel Computers for Graphics Applications", Proceedings of: ASPLOS 11, IEEE, 1987, pp. 193-198.
|Sun Microsystems Inc. Technology White Paper: The UltraSPARC Architecture, Nov. 1995.
|Sun Mircosystems, "Visual Instruction Set User's Guide", Mar. 1997.
|Tri Media, "TM 1000 Preliminary Data Book", Phillips Electronics North America Corporation, 1997.
|Visual Instruction Set User's Guide, Mar. 1997.
|Wang, Mangasen, Srinivasan, "A Processor Architecture for 3D Graphics Calculations", Computer Motion Inc., Goleta, CA.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 15, 2005
|Mar 31, 2009
|Nvidia Corporation
|Configurable lighted connector
|Apr 10, 2006
|Aug 25, 2009
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|System and method for extracting fields from packets having fields spread over more than one register
|Feb 22, 2011
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|Method for extracting fields from packets having fields spread over more than one register
|Dec 13, 2011
|Intel Corporation
|Vector shuffle instructions operating on multiple lanes each having a plurality of data elements using a common set of per-lane control bits
|Jan 6, 2011
|Jun 26, 2012
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|System and method for extracting fields from packets having fields spread over more than one register
|Aug 26, 2011
|Dec 16, 2014
|Intel Corporation
|Vector shuffle instructions operating on multiple lanes each having a plurality of data elements using a same set of per-lane control bits
|Dec 22, 2009
|Apr 7, 2015
|Intel Corporation
|Bit range isolation instructions, methods, and apparatus
|Jun 16, 2011
|Jun 9, 2015
|Gregory S. Rabin
|Two dimensional to three dimensional moving image converter
|Apr 10, 2006
|Nov 2, 2006
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|System and method for extracting fields from packets having fields spread over more than one register
|Dec 26, 2007
|Jul 2, 2009
|Robert Cavin
|Methods, apparatus, and instructions for processing vector data
|Aug 19, 2009
|Dec 17, 2009
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|System and Method for Extracting Fields from Packets Having Fields Spread Over More Than One Register
|Jan 6, 2011
|Apr 28, 2011
|Mips Technologies, Inc.
|System and Method for Extracting Fields from Packets Having Fields Spread Over More Than One Register
|Dec 22, 2009
|Jun 23, 2011
|Maxim Loktyukhin
|Bit Range Isolation Instructions, Methods, and Apparatus
|Dec 23, 2011
|Oct 17, 2013
|Elmoustapha Ould-Ahmed-Vall
|Apparatus and method of improved extract instructions
|Dec 23, 2011
|Oct 24, 2013
|Lurgi Gmbh
|Apparatus and method of improved insert instructions
|Dec 22, 2011
|Mar 6, 2014
|Bret L. Toll
|Systems, apparatuses, and methods for extracting a writemask from a register
|U.S. Classification
|345/419, 712/225, 345/502, 345/501, 708/622, 345/530, 345/520, 712/210, 708/607, 712/300
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 5, 1998
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ABDALLAH, MOHAMMAD;CHENNUPATY, SRINIVAS;DREYER, ROBERT S.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009486/0289;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980604 TO 19980914
|Apr 29, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 20, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Magazines Hydrocarbon Engineering LNG Industry
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Tethys Petroleum Limited today announced that its wholly owned Kazakh subsidiary, TethysAralGaz LLP, has received permission from the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to extend the Akkulka Exploration Contract for another four years, from March 10, 2015 to March 10, 2019. This is the first time the company has received a four-year extension as historical extensions have been for two-year periods.
The Ministry of Energy has provided this extension to allow the company to fully assess the acreage. In addition, the current oil production from the "Doris" oil field is produced under this contract and this extension allows for this to continue for the four-year period.
John Bell, Executive Chairman, commented, "I am pleased that through this extension we have secured appraisal and production rights on this very important contract area for another four years. It demonstrates the very good working relationship we have with the Ministry of Energy and other state bodies, and bodes well for our future operations in Kazakhstan."
Tethys is focused on oil and gas exploration and production activities in Central Asia and the Caspian Region. This highly prolific oil and gas area is rapidly developing and Tethys believes that significant potential exists in both exploration and in discovered deposits.
Adapted from press release by Joe Green
Published on
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Tethys announces Kazakhstan gas contract
New gas contract signed for the Kyzyloi and Akkulka natural gas fields.
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Tethys Oil has increased its interest in the Rietavas licence onshore Lithuania from 14% to 30%.
Tethys awarded 15 year extension to Kyzyloi gas contract
Tethys Petroleum Limited has confirmed it has received an extension its Kyzyloi production contract for a further 15 years to June 2029.
Tethys announces successful first natural gas well of 2014
Tethys Petroleum Limited is pleased to announce that AKK17, the first shallow gas exploration well of its 2014 programme, has been successful.
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Chris Gardner
Practical Help for Your Digital Life gives you tips on what to watch out for to avoid being scammed at work or at home. Chris Gardner describes the most common ways that scammers try to trick you into bypassing your home, personal or office security, so you can recognize a scammer by their behavior.
Your Tech Coach at Practical Help for Your Digital Life gives you practical and helpful tips, hints and advice on how to get the most out of the consumer technology you already own. Geek-free help for everyone on the most common problems we all have using our computers, tablets, smartphones, smart appliances, digital devices, online services, social networking and more. Let Your Tech Coach help you get your technology working for you, not the other way around!


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Knitted Dog/Pet Coat
(Large to Medium Size)
With Lacy Heart Pattern~ "The Mimi"
By Danielle Hughes
Copyright 2013 Danielle Hughes
Smashwords Edition
This pattern has been worked out on paper and in test samples of most of the stitches. It has not been fully made up yet. Please let me know if you make it up and have any concerns or thoughts that should be incorporated into this document.
Any fine yarn, smaller than #4
Size 4 (or smaller) needles or to match gauge.
Button, approx. 1" diameter
Crochet hook, yarn needle and row counter
Overall chart (as the project progressed these sizes have changed):


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Arizona Outdoor Activities Group Message Board › East Valley Hiking, Camping, and Equestrian Club Discussion Forum › Meetup details changed: A Camp Supply Garage Sale!!!
Show Low, AZ
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If the changes affect your plans to attend, please take a moment to update your RSVP. (You can RSVP "No" or "Yes".)
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©2009 A. S. Byatt; (P)2009 WF Howes Ltd
There are no reviews for this title yet.
Persevered with this for about 3 hours in the hope that a story would present itself, it didn't and remained very bored, too many characters and little going on, I gave up listening as there was nothing to keep me even slightly interested. Will not go back and try and listen again unless I am stuck somewhere for a very long time with nothing else to do, and nothing else available. Would rather play tiddly winks, highly recommended for insomniacs, it will send you to sleep.
"To long winded"
I've listened to probably 6hrs of this book and I have to agree with another review it is sooo long winded and descriptive by the time the description has finished you've lost the tread of the story.
Sorry giving up on this one
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9 years of experience
59 Executive Park South NE
Atlanta, GA 30329 Phone number & directions
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I suffered back and right leg ache / pain for nearly ten years. Went to Dr. Refai who said he could perform a TLIF with cortical screws and repair my spondylolisthesis and stenosis at L4- L5. I had the surgery, was up and walking the next day. I had no pain except some soreness from the incision and the ache / pain was gone. I still have some foot numbness which is normal. Hopefully that will disappear as well with time. I was walking up to 3-4 miles a day within a month. I was back to work in 6 weeks. At this point I couldn't be happier with the outcome. Dr. Refai and staff (Shawnee) are awesome. I don't know why I waited so long. I would recommend Dr. Refai without question!
Could hardly walk, not even with walker. MRI showed spinal meningioma (tumor) that was about to make me paralyzed from waist down. Never had major surgery before. Dr. Refai took time to answer ALL my questions and to explain in detail what would happen during surgery and what possible outcomes I could expect after surgery. Although I was scared, I knew I had found the right surgeon for my situation even though there were doubts about me ever walking unassisted again. Surgery went as Dr. Refai had described with amazingly minimal amount of pain afterwards. Follow-up showed tumor was benign and Dr. Refai continues to monitor my progress since tumor could possibly grow back. Today, after physical therapy that Dr. Refai prescribed, I can walk without walker or cane. Dr. Refai and his nurse, Shawnee, have been very supportive throughout this experience and for that I am truly grateful. I would highly recommend Dr. Refai to anyone needing spinal surgery.
This man is not only a very nice man he is a wonderful surgeon. He assured me that everything was going to be ok and he would help. Thanks to him I no longer have back or leg pain. Highly recommend him.
Dr Refai is a fantastic doctor and I would trust him with my life
From the start of my diagnosis, Dr. Refai was genuinely concerned and knew what he was talking about. He gave me my options and took the time to explain every pro and con to each option. Before the procedure, immediately after, and during the 6 week followup, he was informative and made me feel as if I were his only patient. He is professional and well versed in his field. I would recommend him to anyone with the issues I had. (sciatica, disc herniation, disc degenerative disease)
Would recommend Dr. ReFai to anyone in back pain. I am pain free in my back, upper n lower left leg and foot.
I had Dr. Refai Correct my spondyololisthesis & stenosis a year ago. I couldn't be more pleased. I had suffered for years and was mostly sitting in a recliner before my surgery. Now, I am going to exercise classes and walking 2 miles. I am 73. I only wish I had done it sooner. I only took 3 pain pills after surgery. It wasn't nearlly as bad as I expected. Don't wait!!!
He is a great surgeon He urged me not to wait to have surgery and he was absolutely correct. He is the finest Doctor I've ever seen. His staff is superb and his office runs on time. I've recommended him to anyone who will listen.
Very easy to talk to, explained everything clearly and did an outstanding job on the surgery.
Very highly recommended. As a nurse myself I am a little more critical in my expectations of the medical providers and I can say without hesitation Dr Refai is the best. Kudos to his office nurse aka right hand woman Shawnee. She has the patience of a saint and went above and beyond and one never felt it was too much trouble. Awesome!
After over a year of severe back pain, Dr. Refai was the surgeon who found the fracture in my back. Dr Refai did my surgery 10 weeks ago. I am pain free. I can walk without a walker or cane & I'm free of pain pills. My life is normal again. I'm forever thankful to Dr Refai.
Dr. Refai performed a laminectomy on my L2-L5 and the experience was great. The surgery and the recovery has gone far better than my greatest hopes. Dr. Refai is a very straight talking person, to the point and complete in his explanation of the procedure. He expressed concern for my concerns and was very encouraging about the results I could expect. I honestly had very little pain from the surgery and what I did have was not severe. I took a minimal amount of pain medications and stopped it altogether after 6 days. My symptoms came on fairly quickly over a period of 9 - 12 months. Prior to my surgery I was down to walking about 10 minutes until I had to stop. 2 weeks after surgery I was walking 1 hour straight with no problem. 4 weeks after surgery I walked 18 holes of golf with my friends (did not play, just walked) with no problems. I have tried to follow all the post-op instructions faithfully and after 7 weeks I have been released to go back to all my normal activities. I know this is a little unusual but I can't tell you how happy I am. DR, Refai and the entire team at Emory were excellent to work with. Dr. Refai's nurse Shawnee was great at getting back to me with answers to all my questions. I am extremely pleased with my results and with the skill and care of Dr. Refai and his team. I highly recommend DR. Refai.
I received excellent care. When I had other problems arise Dr. Refai and the Emory staff were very thorough in finding causes . My surgery went extremely well due to the fact that they treated me by looking at all of my problems and selecting the best for me. I am pain free and so grateful.
Dr. Refai operated on my 81 year old mother who was in extreme pain with Stenosis and bulging disks and the result was just terrific. She no longer has any pain and was off pain medicine within a week which is very unusual and wonderful. My mom and I highly recommend Dr. Refai. He was very professional and provided great results!
At my first vist, i spoke one sentence, and he immediately knew I had vocal cord issues with my first surgery. He knew my entire health hx before he entered the room. He knew I was a pharmacist, so he spoke to me on my level.
Dr.Daniel Refai is the greatest Dr. I know.He has done nothing but helped me through 2 major back surgeries L3-S1. 1 on 10-06-12 and #2 on 07-01-15. He is very honest and upfront with you from the beginning. There is absolutely not enough room on this review to explain how wonderful he is.I absolutely owe my life to he and his entire staff. 5 plus stars are not enough.If you have spine issues please do not hesitate to contact him for an appointment. HE IS THE MAN.
Dr. Refai saved my life. I was in unbearable pain prior to my surgery. I am now pain free. Thank you Dr. Refai and staff.
I highly reccommend Dr. Refai for spinal surgery. My pain when walking and standing was excruciating from stenosis and spondylosis. After my fusion I am now pain free. I only needed pain pills for 3 days after surgery.
Dr. Refai has totally changed my life. I have suffered with severe back pain for over 12 years. I had back surgery 4 weeks ago (L3, L4, L5 & S1) and am already pain free and walking 2 miles a day. I also have Parkinson's and have had 2 DBS surgeries at Emory (Dr. Boulis). These two doctors work very closely together and have given me such hope for a bright and pain free life. I can't thank you enough - I am truly blessed.
Dr. Daniel Refai was truly our answer to prayers! Our mother had been languishing in another Atlanta hospital for 2 full weeks, suffering from constant, electrifying pain caused by her back collapsing from metastatic ureteral cancer, resulting in the fractured bone jutting into her spinal cord. The orthopedic surgeon at the hospital said that it would be âheroic measuresâ to operate on our motherâs back due to her age (79), and that her pain would be addressed by radiation and her bones would heal over time. We knew that this simply was untrue, so finally our motherâs oncologist referred us to Dr. Daniel Refai at Emory Midtown. We transferred late Saturday afternoon in an ambulance. Dr. Refai had never seen our mother before, but he said that she was in such excruciating pain, he felt it would be unconscionable to NOT operate. He further said that if he did not operate, she would either die from the insanely heavy doses of medication that she was taking, and/or be paralyzed within days. He came in the next day, ON A SUNDAY MORNING, and performed her 4-hour surgery beginning at 8 AM!!! When our mother got out of recovery, she was pain-free and could not believe that the electrifying shocks were gone for good! She is now participating in a cancer drug trial, and is doing very well. We will be forever indebted to Dr. Refai for saving our mother. He is most definitely a doctor for all the right reasons, and also an incredibly nice and personable human being. Not surprisingly, all of his staff is similarly very patient-oriented and responsive. We would encourage anyone reading this review and in need of his services to see him! He will not disappoint. â 4 very grateful children and numerous grandchildren!!
Dr Refai took my husband as a emergency patient based on results of MRI and request from Dr Gavin Brown,neurologist and colleague. My husband was very close to losing use of arms and legs due to severe cervical stenosis causing critical nerve damage. Dr Refa performed surgery and saved my husband from paralysis. He was very friendly and was sure to explain every aspect of situation to the family. He was very personable which was so comforting at such a difficult time. My husband is recovering well as the surgery was very successful. Dr Refai's expertise is unsurpassed. We would refer Dr Refai to anyone considering spinal surgery. Also his team of professionals is excellent and they work as a incredibly well oiled machine.
My favorite doctor ever. Dr. Refai lives the definition of a doctor, very caring and compassionate and listens intuitively to what I have to say. I would rate him more than 5 stars if they were available.
Dr. Refai performed a complicated surgery on my lower spine. The surgery was a total success and I am free of pain, which was constant before my surgery. Dr. Refai gave me excellent advise on the best surgery for my condition; every back is different. His detailed explanation of my condition and how to remedy it was focused on me. I am very blessed to have had him as my surgeon.
Dr Refai is about as good as it gets when it comes to Neurosurgeons. Excellent surgeon and great bedside manner. I would recommend him to anyone with spinal problems. He is surrounded by an excellent team of highly trained RN's PA's and administrative staff.
Fantastic Dr. I am glad I was refered over to Dr. Refai.
I had osteomylitis due to MRSA. I received excellent care. Now I can walk again!
Dr. Refai has performed 2 major neck and neck/upper back surgeries for me. He did an excellent job throughout the entire process. Dr. Refai gave honest opinions and explained things in a manner that I could understand when he informed me of the need for the surgeries. He gave me the pros and cons, never making me feel pressured like a salesman other than to let me know how severe or moderate the conditions were. I knew of the first condition already so it was not a surprise but he was very comforting in making me feel that the decision was my choice. I was taken great care of throughout the hospital experience, surgery and all. The doctor was great at keeping my husband updated while I was still recovering in post-op. When he was unable to be at the hospital, he always left me in good hands as well as calling to check on me. I was an unusual case because of other health issues but Dr. Refai worked successfully with all of those issues to ensure a successful recovery. I always felt like he knew his procedures and use of technology exceptionally well so I was no longer nervous to have such a large surgery or concerned about issues with laser surgery and other techniques. He was able to keep my scars at a minimum which is also a plus. Though not important to many people but it was to me, Dr. Refai always knew when I changed my hairstyle or color at our appointments even though he saw me only twice a year. I have never had another doctor pay enough attention to notice who I am as a person. For me, it was worth the 45 minute drive across town for his services and specialty knowledge for my neck which had bothered me for over 17 years. Thank you Dr. Refai!
Dr Refai was very informative about the surgical procedure, what to expect from the procedure and recovery time. I was very very very please with how willing he was to answer questions and explain the procedure to me ahead of time and give me alternative options to choose for my care while carefully explaining the pros and cons of each option. The staff was amazingly friendly especially his nurse Shawnee. She was a huge help in my recovery and provided me with multiple ways to contact her during my recovery. She encouraged me to contact her with any questions that I had with medications or the healing process in general along the way. She never lost patience with me as I had a lot of questions and called her daily it seemed in the beginning. Shawnee and Dr Refai both seemed to genuinely care about my recovery and made me feel comfortable with discussing every aspect of healing with them. I strongly recommend them if you consider having major surgery. It makes a huge difference in your recovery to feel like everyone is on the same team with the same game plan. We celebrated together as I hit my 6 week mark and I look forward to the celebration of my next visit!
Before Dr. Refai did my surgery I could not walk farther than 50 yds without a lot of pain. I could not stand for more than 15 mins. and the pain in my back, legs, and feet was getting worse every day. My options were give up and ride a wheel chair or just give up mobility. I had fallen 1yr before and broken my thigh and back. The leg was fixed promptly by another surgeon but the back went untreated and undianosed until I was able to see Dr. Refai. The surgery (in two parts) involved placing a device into my back and securing it with 7 screws. I am 8 months post surgery now and can walk any distance I choose, stand, work and sit. I experienced zero complications from surgery and healed rapidly. The device is supporting fusing and the desired bone growth my back needed. Not a bad 2 sessions work in surgery I'd say and job well done. Thanks
Dr Refai and his staff were impressive. Professional yet kind and very thorough. I am 71 years old and overweight, and Dr. Refai was kind and honest in explaining the difficulties involved in the surgery and the complications which could result from fat. I recommend and would use him in a heartbeat for surgery. His team is excellent.
I am so happy that I was referred to Emory and the selection of doctor, Dr Daniel S. Refai. He has very positive people skills and correcting my L4 & L5 through posterolateral lumber fusion.The severe pains that I was experiencing in back, hips and legs prior to surgery left the day after surgery. Dr. Refai and staff are superb! I am now free of pain that I was having over 3 years. Definitely, I am going to recommend anyone that I know that have the same problem that I had.Job well done and I am most appreciative.
When I went to see Dr. Refai, I could not walk more than 100ft before my feet would go numb. I would have to bend over to relieve the nerves in my back, to stop the numbness in my feet. Dr. Refai right away diagnosed me with Spinal Stenosis. He gave me a couple of options but recommended a Laminectomy. I had the surgery which took a few hours. Come to find out my stenosis was worse than first thought. Dr. Refai managed to cut away the bone and clean the area up from the stenosis. Two days after the surgery I was able to get up and walk around with the help of a walker. I was extremely surprised that there was no tingling or numbness while walking. It's been six weeks and I'm walking one mile a day and back at work. I have been dealing with this stenosis for ten years and now I have my life back! There are no words to describe what Dr. Refai has done! God has truly blessed me by helping to find Dr. Refai Wanted to also mention Shawnee his assistant. She is top notch and helped us with the whole procedure. This definitely helped my wife and I, to put our mind at ease! Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!
10 months ago I started experiencing extreme pain starting at my left upper hip into my glut and traveling down the side of my calf. After being mis-diagnosed with a pinch nerve from another physician because I did not have an MRI at the time, I waited it out. After 3 months when a pinch nerve should have healed, it had gotten worse. I am a BootCamp fitness trainer and exercise on a daily basis and I thought, How could this be happening to me? I had an MRI and was diagnosed with a Synovial Cyst which had formed between my L4-5 which was secondary to my main problem of Spinal Stenosis/Degenerative Disc Disease. I went to a spinal surgeon with another medical group and he recommended a minimal invasive surgery to clean out between L4-5 and then a bone fusion. I didn't feel comfortable with him as he didn't seem interested in answering my questions/concerns. I dealt with the pain for another month or so before I decided to get an second opinion, that's when I found Dr. Refai. I had to wait 2 months for a consult appointment with him, that was my first sign that he would be the surgeon for me! During my consult he spent a lot of time explaining what was going on with my body and what needed to be done. I immediately knew he could help me and that it was time to have the surgery. On May 7th, I had open surgery to remove the cyst and to have a lumbar fusion between my L4-5. Today is my 12 week post-surgery date. I waited to write this review because I wanted to tell you not only about how incredible Dr. Refai is with what he does but to tell you about how my recovery has developed. I didn't have any review to read about that so I thought you having to read one would help you to understand what exactly to expect. I was scared to death! I had never had surgery or anesthesia so I didn't know what to expect! First. I also want to thank Dr. Refai's nurse, Shawnee....she helped me tremendously through this whole process. She compliments Dr. Refai!! I mentioned that I am a fitness trainer, I am 51 years old and have been exercising regularly since I graduated from college in 1984 so my body was in excellent condition before I had my surgery. I truly believe that because my body was in such good shape that my recovery has been so successful so if you are considering this surgery get out and your body moving and exercise as much as you can even it it's just walking before you have this procedure done. The first 4-5 weeks after surgery aren't pretty! You will need to take lots of pain meds and stay on top of the pain and you will need someone to help you. I was heavily medicated for about 4.5 weeks but I was up and about after 7 days. I started walking with a walker but after 3 days got rid of that. At 2 weeks post surgery I was walking one mile, I was slower then my norm but I was walking and I worked through the pain. After 3 weeks I was out walking 2 miles every morning. After 4 weeks I was walking 2.5 miles every morning but was picking up speed with my walk. At 5 weeks I started weening myself off the drugs...which was hard because I still had the pain and I started back instructing my evening BootCamp class ( I had someone drive me and had a chair to sit in when needed). At 6 weeks I was drug free, driving and was back instructing all 3 of my BootCamp Teams (two in the morning, one in the evening). I was NOT doing any exercises but was there. After trying for 2 weeks, at 8 weeks I was able to hold a plank and was up to walking with my dogs at a vigorous pace for up 4 miles daily. From weeks 8-12 I have noticed myself getting stronger and stronger each week...and I kept wearing my brace when I was up and active. At my 7-week post surgery appt. with Dr. Refai he did not prescribe physical therapy for me because of my fitness background, instead he encouraged me to try different exercises to see what I could and could not do. Each week I have discovered different things I can do. I am not exercising full capacity at 12 weeks post surgery but I am out walking up to 5 miles at times plus doing some exercises that I can do without causing too much discomfort. I know I am not the normal patient who undergoes this surgery. My review to you is to encourage you to have the procedure so that you can eventually get back your quality of life. I waited 7 months before I had my surgery...that was 7 months of pain and misery. Immediately after surgery, leg pain was gone and the rehab was started. At 12 weeks post-surgery I will say that it was worth it. I have some days when I hurt and know it is because I tend to overdo and push myself too much, on those days I take it easy and take a valium before I go to bed. I know I still have a more recovery ahead of me but I know that in time I will prevail and be back at 100%! If you decide to have this surgery.... Listen to Dr. Refai so your body is ready to recover if you have this surgery....lose weight, don't smoke, condition your body....this way you will be able to recover better. Thank you again Dr. Refai and Shawnee for helping me! I know this is a long review but I hope that my words of experience will help you or someone you know who is experiencing a decline in the quality of life due to back issues like I have experienced! Don't be scared! Let Dr. Refai help you! He's the BEST!!!! Good luck!
I appreciated Dr.Rafai's honesty and knowledge regarding my diagnosis. He kept open communication with me and my family and had incredible bedside manner. Dr.Rafai listened to my concerns and now I am pain free!
The surgery, in hospital, as well as outpatient care was above and beyond what was expected.
Dr. Refai was straight forward and conservative in his approach towards my problem. He explained what the problem was, the risks involved, the time frame in which surgery was warranted. He is conservative and wanted the best outcome. If I needed this surgery again, I'd go straight to him. But his secret weapon, my hero, is his nurse Shawnee who managed my pain meds and side effects in a warm and loving and understanding way. She talked me off a mental ledge and I cried at her and she was sweet, had a plan and then told me to take action. I could not have done it without her. I met her at my consultation and she was the first person I spoke to when I got home. She made sure I was taken care for physically and mentally and am so grateful for her. The nurse matters a lot! Once the surgeons operation is over your nurse manages your post op concerns and problems. I now completely understand why people love nurses. But Shawnee made the experience tolerable. I needed her and her tough loving mothering style more than I can put into words.
My experience with Dr. Refai was excellent. I found both his skill as a surgeon and his bedside manner to be superior. He clearly cares about his patients and is very bright, confident, and capable. I felt like he worked *with* me and truly listened to my needs as well as provided honest and straightforward feedback about our options (surgical and non-surgical). It is clear that he won't perform unnecessary surgery. After we exhausted all other medical, pharmacological, and therapeutic options, in the end, I needed surgery (a laminectomy and discectomy in my lower back), which he performed. I am very pleased with the result. I can walk again! I also would like to commend Dr. Refai's office staff and nurse, Shawnee Wallace. Everyone there is caring and kind, but she in particular shines as smart and efficient and very quick to respond to my calls and emails. When we ran into troubles with my insurance the day before surgery, she and the other office staff helped me navigate with ease. I feel strongly supported and like they are my advocates. Additionally, Shawnee has made herself available to me, before and after surgery, as a resource for any of my questions. I would recommend Dr. Refai and his team to anyone who needs back surgery. They are a very busy group, so if you know you have a problem, I recommend calling as soon as possible to get on their calendar to avoid a wait. But even with a wait, it is worth it to be in the hands of such a capable, skilled, and caring surgeron.
Dr. Refai specializes in neuroorthopedic surgery and is a master. I've had two procedures (known as anterior diskectomy and fixation) to correct outlet obstruction at C3-4 and later at C5-6 and C7-Ti. His work is superb and the end result was the disappearance of pain, restoration of sensation and regaining of strength . If you have this procedure, expect difficulty in phonation and swallowing for several weeks to a month post-op (this comes with the territory and is to be expected). Dr. Refai is a warm, gracious and concerned physician who was a pleasure to work with.
I was diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis which was causing me to have neck pain and weakness and numbness in my arm, hands and fingers. I needed help with dressing and grooming and I love to fish and could not tie a knot on a hook. Thanks to Dr. Refai and the surgery he performed my problems were resolved. I can now tie a knot and get dressed and do other basic things that I could not do before without help. Dr. Refai took time to explain the procedure in detail and I am very pleased with the outcome. I would highly recommend Dr. Refai as a neurosurgeon.
Can't say enough positive things regarding Dr. Refai. He exceeded all of the expectations given and he made the entire experience of pre-op, surgery and post-op far easier and better than I had allowed myself to expect.
I had a benign schwannoma tumor grow into my spinal canal in my neck. Dr. Refai quickly realized the gravity of the situation after seeing my initial MRI, and demanded I immediately check myself in for surgery. He took pictures during the surgery, and the technical work was incredible to see afterward. It was a major surgery, but now a year later I am pretty much back to normal. The tumor was squeezing my spinal cord to the point of me beginning to lose control of my arms and legs. He literally saved my life - I was close to becoming a quadriplegic. I highly recommend him and his very capable team at the Emory Midtown hospital.
I waited a long time (over and hour) to see his PA and then longer to see him. He was rude, arrogant and dismissive. He didn't feel like i should have surgery and that he definitely would not do it -- his medical opinion was fine - but his delivery was condescending and his bedside manner was terrible. I feel like I wasted my time and money to see him. He wouldn't even give me a recommendation as to what I should do since he didn't think I should have surgery (been trying conservative treatments for over a year now) -- just said you came for a surgical opinion and that is mine - we are done - and left the room. After all the four star reviews on here I was really let down. He didn't have to agree to surgery for me to give him a good review as i am not eager to be operated on, but he could have been nice and compassionate towards a sub group of us back suffers -- who have enough damage to be in pain and impaired - but apparently not enough to be the "proper" candidates for surgery. He told me that he know who goes through surgery well and who does not and that I would not -- I guess 3 minutes is enough to make that determination as he was only in the room with me for 5 all together.
Dr. Refai was the only doctor that could help with my back issues. My surgery was very delicate as a disc was pressing against the spinal column. My incision was 15-16 inches and I did not have the first stitch, he glued the skin. Therefore I barely have a scar, it looks like a pencil mark straight down my back. He was very reassuring and make me feel confident. I now am walking, and sitting without pain. He answered all my questions before and after surgery . His office nurse returned all my calls or answered all my emails. He really cares about his patients and referred me to a hip surgeon.
If you are in need of a thoracic surgeon - this is definitely the person that you want! The level of care, professionalism, and expertise that we experienced here is out of this world! Please do not hesitate to call - everyone that we encountered at this office was awesome.
I would give Dr. Daniel ReFai five stars of excellence. PROFESSIONALISM KNOWLEDGE COMPASSION ATTENTION TO DETAIL FOLLOW THROUGH YOU ARE MY HERO...YOU ARE THE BEST!! Thank you!!
Dr. Refai did cervical fusion surgery on me about a month ago. He was very professional and the surgery went well.
my first impression was wrong this doctor is awsome everything he said was spot on. i would like to tell him thanks for giving me a better life. no more pain in my shoulders and neck. first he got me to stop smoking then fixed me and hus staff is the best. i like the fact that he works with other doctors during surgerys, i had a thoart surgeon help too.best doctor for this type of surgery. dont let your first visit scare you he knows what he is doing.
I had been dealing with a CSF leak for almost five months when I met Dr. Refai. It was the second one I'd had, and it had kept me on bedrest for four months because I was pregnant and the four non-invasive blood patches that had been attempted weren't working. I met him on a Friday and he literally agreed to do my surgery 9 days later because I wanted to have it done before my preemie came home from the NICU. His approach, demeanor and expertise made me immediately comfortable - and the surgery ended up being much more complicated than either of us had imagined - but he removed C7, patched the degenerative area and sewed me back up. I am now seven weeks post-op, and while I have a bit of neck/shoulder/back pain from my recovery, my headaches are GONE. Even my scar looks FANTASTIC. I was and have been overwhelmed by his warmth, knowledge and interest in my well-being, and I am indebted to him - and to his staff - for LIFE!!!!
I would highly recommend Dr. Refai to anyone needing spinal surgery. Initially, I was so impressed with the time he took to talk with me and answer any questions that both my husband and I had. The decision to go ahead with surgery was entirely up to us. I was fully confident that with his diagnosis and surgical experience I would be fine. I just went for my CT scan after a year and all is well. I have been golfing and enjoying life pain free.
I was so pleased with Dr Refai and his staff. The hospitality was awesome. I was very pleased with Lauren and Shawnee as well. If I ever hear of anyone that have neck problems and need a doctor I will definitely refer them to Dr Refai. Thanks again Dr Refai!!!!!!!
I immediately felt comfortable with Dr. Refai and his team. He didn't sugar coat my situation or his surgical recommendation. He spent time examining me and giving me options. I saw him several times and his pre-surgery visit eased me even more. His entire team was just as thoughtful and confident. I'm currently recovering nicely and am already feeling my pre-surgery symptoms going away. I had been in pain so long and it feels so good to know that I see a brighter future. Thank you Dr. Refai, Shawnee and everyone else at Emory. You can't imagine what you've given me and my family and I hope you know that.
Dealing with Dr. Refai was one of the best experience I have ever had with the medical industry. He will make you trust doctors all over again. He is the kind of person that cares about making your quality of life the best it can possible be. What I like most, is that he gets excited about healing you and I think that is an important quality that is missing in the medical industry. I would refer him to anybody that I felt he could help like he helped me. He turned my life around, so if there is anything he needs me to do to help him I am there. Thanks for my life back Sir
My Mother was a patient of Daniel S. Refai. He did a VERY SERIOUS surgery on her neck that also included coordinating the surgery with an ENT Specialist also. Dr. Refai was a wonderful, compassionate & caring Dr. Our experience with him was exceptional!! We ended up in ICU for like 12 to 13 days instead of the 2 days originally planned after surgery. We had our whole family there or at least several there every day in the ICU waiting room. He and his Associates came by to talk with us all every day to explain my Mother's condition and they were wonderful at keeping us updated on her progress. I also loved Dr. Refai's Nurse, Shawnee. She was always available to help with the details and help us whenever needed. We would definitely refer them to anyone looking to have serious spine surgery. I sure hope we don't need surgery again any time soon, but if we did that's exactly who I'd want to operate on any of my family members!!!!
I would consider my experience with Dr. Refai and his staff excellent. I had a small blip with Emory insurance people, but that was quickly resolved. The front office staff were always quick and efficient. Even when I was late, I was seen in about 15 minutes or so. His nurse and PA were involved and interested in my situation. They return emails promptly, follow-ed up with me within a day or so, and are committed to the entire process. I had three vertebrae fused and the surgery was successful. The recovery was tough, but shorter than anticipated. What I appreciated most was that I felt I was in competent, skilled hands. I wanted information, options, decisions, then efficiency. I believe I got that. Thanks Doc !
After enduring many years of back pain and after exhausting all conservative treatments, it became apparent that I needed fusion surgery to treat my back caused by profound degenerative discs at L4/L5 and L5/S1. Despite living in Atlanta, GA, I was initially referred to the MAYO clinic in Jacksonville, FL because of their outstanding reputation for spinal surgery. I met with a neurosurgeon who recommended a controversial exam called a discogram, which is designed to determine the origin of my back pain. This exam demonstrated that I indeed needed fusion surgery and he recommended a posterior 3 level procedure using an insert into the disc spaces composed of a scaffold and a sponge saturated with a protein called bone morphogenic protein which recruits bone cells necessary for fusion to occur. With many questions still unanswered, I returned home and decided to consult with another neurosurgeon. After much research, I decided to make an appointment with Dr. Refai. My initial impression was excellent. He reviewed all of the data and recommended fusion surgery as well; however, he carefully explained that not only would he only fuse 2 vertebrae (not 3), but also he strongly recommended an anterior approach because of a much shorter recovery time interval. I found him to be professional, compassionate, a good listener, and he explained his justifications for his recommendations in language that I could readily understand. Furthermore, he explained the risks and benefits and the success rate in his practice compared to the national rates for the same procedure. His success rates are higher because he carefully selects his patients. In other words, if he feels as if he would be unable to help you, then he will not operate. This approach was very encouraging to me and I decided to have Dr. Refai perform the surgery rather than going back to the MAYO Clinic. I also had the opportunity to meet with his team; namely, Jessica, P.A. and Shawnee, RN both of whom are excellent. The surgery went very well and now I am 5 months beyond my surgical date. My pain level has dropped precipitously, but not to zero. Shawnee, who held my hand throughout the recovery period, is one of the kindest, honest, uplifting, helpful, and spiritual persons I have ever known. I don't know what I would have done without her always within close reach whenever the need arose. Dr. Refai is extremely happy with my outcome and expects me to lead a normal life within a short time. I am beyond grateful to him and his team and would highly recommend this very caring highly skilled surgeon to anyone in search of surgical back pain relief.
Dr. Refai and his staff took care of both me and my son. I had to have a 4 level cervical fusion and my son had a T6 herniated disk. The entire experience was wonderful and I am very thankful for Dr. Refai and his staff.
Dr Refai was / is excellent. He takes time with the family and patient. Very thorough, caring, concerned. He Diagnosed my problem and was right on target -- the afternoon of my surgery , I saw immediate resultss. IF I need any more surgery on the spine HE IS MY DR . RECOMMEND HIM TO ANY ONE NEEDING A GREAT SURGEON FOR SPINE !!!
I had a tumor (ping-pong ball sized) removed from my spine between the L1 & L2 region. I was in a great deal of pain before the surgery, and once this diagnosis was made, Dr. Refai removed the tumor within weeks. Although it was a difficult and painful major surgery, I am almost fully recovered and have none of the painful symptoms that I had previously. Dr. Refai is extremely knowledgeable and courteous and cares about his patients. His staff is extraordinarily courteous and knowledgeable as well. My experience could not have been better with Dr. Refai and the Emory Health Care Center.
I was refered to Dr. Refai from another neurosurgeron who had a great reputation but would not operate on me due to the possible outcomes of this very delicate operation. After reviewing my records and MRI's , he walked into the exam room and asked me if I would like to be relieved of 95% of my pain. A resounding yes sprang from my lips , after years of debilitating pain I was willing to chance the possible outcomes, all of which was quite negative. A successful outcome resulted due to Dr. Refai's skill and expertise.
He and his radiologist didn't even report on the sequestered disc at l2 which I was there for. It was not until I had the radiologist review the results did they even see the lesion and put an addendum on the report. My home town radiologist had to correct them. Thoroughly not impressed and I'm a physician. A most unfortunate experience.
very personable Dr. took time with me as patient and my family; very thorough in explaining procedure and diagnosis. staff was also superb very attentive to every need or request. I WOULD RECOMMEND HIM TO ANYONE NEEDING A NEUROSURGEON.
After struggling with neck pain for a number of years, my symptoms werehad deteriated to constant pain, numbness and tingling in my face, neck and shoulder. My internist referred me to the Emory Ortho and Spine Center. After a number of tests, I met with Dr. Daniel Refai. He explained my problem in great detail, giving me treatment options and the relative risk for each option. I found his recommendations consistent with the xrays and complete enough for me to make a reasonable decision regarding treatment. We scheduled surgery and he repaired 3 discs in my neck. The surgery, recovery and healing process went exactly as he had outlined. I have now been released to normal activity and have no symptoms whatsoever!! Dr. Refai has given me new freedom to normal activities without pain and I will forever be grateful for his expert treatment.
If you are the least bit overweight this man will not treat you. If he had listened he would've heard that I was there because i was falling. He thought I was there for back pain but was too busy telling me to lose 60 pounds. (I need to lose 30 according to my doctor.) He is, at best, an idiot egomaniac. Oh please don't waste your time.
My mother suffered back and hip pain for nearly a year. After seeking out help from a number of doctors and specialists, I finally set up an appointment to see Dr. Monson at Emory Clinic. After seeing my mom, Dr. Monson immediately referred her to Dr. Refai. Dr. Refai diagnosed spinal stenosis and scheduled her for a spinal laminectomy. Two weeks later my mom had surgery. The results of the surgery have been nothing short of miraculous. My mother's pain is completely gone and she has all of her mobility back. Before the surgery she could hardly walk. The surgery was so effective that my mom was able to return to her part-time work as a nursing professor two weeks earlier than projected. All this and my mom is 72 years old. I love the Emory system and Dr. Refai is an exceptional surgeon. I am very thankful we found him.
This guy has an ego a mile long. He operated on me but today I am still unsure if he was even in the operating room. I never saw him following my surger or prior to my release from Emory Hospital. I would never recommend him.
Dr. Refai did an outstanding surgery on my back. I had suffered w/increasing pain in my lumbar spine for years.I was blessed to be put in contact w/Dr. Refai. He told us he felt he could help me and did. I was hospitalized for 2 wks. w/him or a staff Dr. coming by each day. They were all concerned and knowledgable of my surgery. After 3 mos..I am now pain free in my back w/the surgical pain getting better each day. Dr. Refai did more than expected and I would highly recommend him. I feel he is an honest and caring physican.
Having to stay in the hospital for 10 days was just a little trying, however, my caregivers and physicians ,Dr. Refai and Dr. Stewart, were top notch. There are not enough stars to check off on this survey. Without surgery I would more than likely be in a wheelchair. I am now fully healed, riding bikes, walking, gardening and horseriding. Their combined skill and care were extroidinary.
Waited 2 hours to see this jerk. Should have checked his ego at the door. With only 5 years experience, he obviously has not realized how far a compassionate and humble attitude can take his practice. Waste of time and money.
Dr. Daniel Refai is a miracle worker. I had neck problems for almost 20 years with 2 prior surgeries. I was told by 4 other surgeons that surgery was not a possibility and my prognosis was to get worse until I was paralyzed. I was physically addicted to morphine among other things which I had been taking for several years. Dr. Refai insisted that I stop taking the narcotics before he would do the surgery. He made me wait for 6 months, which shows he's not knife happy. Today I am contemplating going back to work after not being able to work at all for 3 years now. I have taken no pain killers since those given by Dr. Refai and I don't want or need them, not even tylenol. I feel like a new woman and can't wait to live my life. To me this is miraculous, I thought my life was over, it's just begun. Thank you so much Dr. Refai, I am eternally grateful to you and Emory.
I found Dr Refai after being referred to someone else in his practice that could not see me for months, but was told Dr Refai had availability. I intended to get 2-3 opinions before agreeing to have surgery, therefore I took the appointment. Since Dr Refai joined Emory Spine at the beginning of 2010, I could not find any reviews of him but I liked his credentials and was anxious to meet him. After meeting with him one time, I cancelled the other appointments. Dr Refai performed a laminectomy on L4/5 in February. I was not one of the people that was instantly free of pain after surgery. I was in the majority of people that need time for the sciatic pain to calm down, which it did in eight weeks. Dr Refai and his nurse, Holly, are amazing! In the first few weeks, I emailed his nurse frequently with questions. She would discuss it with Dr Refai, and she always responded within hours. I know many of the ortho doctors in Atlanta after years of back pain related to spinal stenosis. I think I was lucky to find Dr Refai when I did. I disagree with the first two reviewers regarding arrogance. I found Dr Refai to be extremely considerate, professional and giving of his time. He diagnosed my situation exactly as it was suggested by my Physiatrist and others. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion based on what is true to them. However, I would not let another person's subjective perception about arrogance sway me when making a decision about finding the right person to operate on my spine! I chose Dr Refai based on his education, experience, and yes, bedside manner.
I had spinal surgery at Emory Hospital done by Dr. Refai. I had excellent care by him and the staff at Emory during my stay there. During and after my surgery, the doctor made sure that my husband was kept fully informed of my progress. Dr. Refai checked on me every day during my stay in the hospital, and has made several phone calls to my home to check on my progress.Dr. Refai is one of the most professional doctors that I have experienced...and he seems genuinely concerned about my health. He is an excellent surgeon and I would want him again if I had to have another operation. Based on my experience I would HIGHLY RECOMMEND him to anyone who needs spinal surgery.
I recently had spine surgery at Emory. Dr. Refai not only was a superb surgeon, but followed up with me EVERY DAY, in-person at the hospital. He was so caring and compassionate, even showing up at 8am on a Saturday. Thank you so much!
My actual wait time was over an hour and a half... just as the person that rated him before me, I too found him to be arrogant and exceptionally rude. He couldn't care less about your wait time, your pain or what your there for. I would NEVER recommend this "Dr." to anyone EVER...it's one thing to be skilled and educated and it's another to have all that AND compassion which he does not have. Just goes to show that you CANNOT go by credentials on a website alone. He needs to check his inflated ego at the door before he enters to talk to a patient.


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Username - it should contain letters(a-z), numbers(0-9), one special character eg.-(!@#$%^&*) and one upper case letter. It can contain any combination of any characters and must contain a minimum of 8 characters.
Password - it should contain letters(a-z), numbers(0-9), one special character eg.-(!@#$%^&*) and one upper case letter, It can contain any combination of any characters and must contain a minimum of 8 characters.
4. For filling up the online application, candidate must have the following pre requisites ready to be used in the online application.
1. Valid e-mail ID
2. Valid Mobile No.
5. After registration online the applicant shall open his/her email account and check the confirmation message to be clicked.
6. The user name and password given in the email shall be used for further action.
7. Given option for application to be made for permananent vacancy or contractual vacancy.
8. All fields are to be filled up mandatory.
9. All entries should be checked carefully before final submission.
10. The entered data can be edited only before final payment. After payment any correction can not be made.
11. Once the correct entries are made, the applicant should go for payment link.
12. Only the online application shall be submitted after completing the payment process. The hard copy of the duly filled up application can be printed by clicking the "DOWNLOAD LINK".
13. Once you have paid the fee in the payment portal, no further editing will be possible.
Contact US:
Saket Nagar, Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh (India) - 462020
Copyright @ 2015 Ideas Inc Management Pvt. Ltd.


text:
Welcome to mynzpage.com
If you would like to expand your business in New Zealand, then promotion to the growing Asian populations may be one of the ways to do so. Mynzpage.com is the promotional site for a range of language-specific websites & social media platforms that are designed to help NZ businesses to promote to the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean communities living in NZ or overseas.
We will develop a page for your business in Chinese, Japanese, and/or Korean on our website(s) and related social media. Or if you already have your own translated web content, we can help you to promote this via links on our website(s) and related social media.
Pricing starts from NZ$295 + GST p.a for a translated web page, related website promotion, & social media post, or $195 + GST p.a. for a web link and social media post. Click here to go to Options and Pricing.
Click on the images below to view examples of web pages and social media.
Korean WEB PAGE
Japanese WEB PAGE
Korean FACEBOOK POST
Japanese FACEBOOK POST
How can potential Asian customers currently find your NZ business..?
Copyright 2016
BTM Marketing Ltd.


text:
finish e-shop website based on data scraping
This project received 11 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $454 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$250 - $750 USD
Total Bids11
Project Description
The current team working on this e-shop has not the required competences and so in search for someone to take it over.
e-shop based on the content of our 15 suppliers's websites.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
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text:
First Look at an Apple G4 with the Altivec Processor
When I first read about Apple's plans to develop a G4-based personal computer, I didn't even know what a G4 was. Supercomputer performance? Processing in the GFlops? How could this be? G4, also known as the Motorola 7400, is the processor with the AltiVec unit. AltiVec is the trade name of the vector processing unit found in this new line of PowerPC processors. Motorola has also announced the 7410 and the 7450, which feature an L2 cache on the die, a large backside L3 cache, a faster processor core and a deeper, seven-stage pipeline.
The AltiVec unit is an enhanced integer or floating processing unit. It provides a new 128-bit processing unit, 32 vector registers and over 160 new instructions that allow for the processing of data in a pipeline. These provide a tremendous opportunity to move data through the processor.
After a description like that, who wouldn't want to have one of these at home? I'm not a Macintosh aficinado nor do I care for Windows very much. When I read about the work that Cort Dugan, Paul Mackerras, Ben Herrenschmidt and many others had performed porting Linux to PowerPC (PPC) I was sold. After all, this sounded like an opportunity to try something new and challenging, learn a little (or a lot) and get faster numbers from my distributed.net client (some of the reasons I started using Linux last millennium).
My hardware is an Apple dual-G4/450MHz PowerPC with 512MB RAM. It comes with a 30GB Quantum Fireball IDE drive, a CD/DVD-ROM, two IEEE-1394 (Firewire interfaces), 100Mbps Ethernet and more USB hubs than you can shake a stick at. The keyboard and mouse are both USB devices. Apple calls this a New World machine. Although this sounds like a marketing term, "New World" is used to describe Apple hardware where the boot ROM is stored in software (as opposed to "Old World" machines where boot management software was stored in a PROM).
The Linux distribution I chose to install was Yellow Dog Linux. I don't know what finally pushed me in that direction, given that there is more than one choice—SuSE, LinuxPPC and Yellow Dog Linux immediately come to mind. YDL is based on Red Hat, so it's not too unfamiliar.
YDL is provided by Terra Soft Solutions. While Terra Soft provides another distribution, Black Lab Linux, YDL is the entry point solution for the common user. I downloaded the two ISO images of YDL Champion Server 1.2.1 from one of Terra Soft's mirrors. The first is the installation CD; the second CD is known as "Tasty Morsels". It provides a rescue image and some additional software for the PPC. I burned these images with cdrecord on my SuSE/i386 box and then wondered what I had.
After I read the YDL installation guide I had some idea. The guide suggested I use yaboot, "yet another boot loader". yaboot needs to live on an HFS (native Mac) partition so I needed to create one using the Mac system software.
Here are the steps I used to reinstall Mac OS9 and then install Linux:
Create an HFS partition (4GB) for yaboot (and OS9).
Reinstall OS9 from distribution CDs.
From the CS 1.2.1 CD, copy yaboot, yaboot.conf and vmlinux.gz to the system folder.
yaboot.conf looks and feels a lot like lilo.conf. There are sections for each image with an area to provide a label so that when yaboot boots, the user can Tab to see the names of the kernel configurations and then select one at the prompt. Familiar stuff, but I had to modify yaboot.conf as shown below.
Here I should digress a bit about Open Firmware. Open Firmware, defined under IEEE 1275, is a specification for providing open support for firmware. This was one of the first interesting areas of my new Apple hardware explorations. I didn't see Open Firmware until I needed to. Upon booting the Mac an 880Hz tone sounds to indicates that your system just passed a hardware POST and is preparing to boot an operating system. At this point the booting process can be stopped by pressing and holding the Command-Opt-O-F keys. If all goes well the following greeting is displayed:
Apple PowerMac 3,3 3.4f1 BootROM built on 08/08/00 at 22:02:19 Copyright 1994-2000 Apple Computer, Inc. Welcome to Open Firmware. To continue booting, type "mac-boot" and press return To shut down, type "shut-down" and press return ok 0 > _
The 0 > is a prompt. OF is, at its heart, a Forth interpreter. Forth is a stack-based language. To obtain a sense of this, type the following at the prompt:
0 > 3 [RETURN] 1 > 4 [RETURN] 2 > + [RETURN] 1 > . [RETURN]and you will get the resulting:
0 > 7The first command pushed "3" on the stack. The prompt displays the number of items on the stack before the ">". Then I placed "4" on the stack and told the interpreter to add the results. Now there was only one item on the stack. The "." operator pops the first value off of the stack and displays it.
You can see quite a bit about your hardware from here. For example, to see the default boot configuration of your machine type the following at the prompt:
0 > printenv
Listing 1 shows the built-in environment variables and their defaults.
Listing 1. Environment Variables and Their Defaults from the G4's Open Fireware
Another good bit of information from your PPC can be derived from the command devalias. Enter this command at the prompt and press the Return key. Pay attention to the value for hd. That is the hardware address of your first IDE hard drive. hd is an alias for the entire address displayed via printenv.
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With all the industry talk about the benefits of Linux on Power and all the performance advantages offered by its open architecture, you may be considering a move in that direction. If you are thinking about analytics, big data and cloud computing, you would be right to evaluate Power. The idea of using commodity x86 hardware and replacing it every three years is an outdated cost model. It doesn't consider the total cost of ownership, and it doesn't consider the advantage of real processing power, high-availability and multithreading like a demon.
This ebook takes a look at some of the practical applications of the Linux on Power platform and ways you might bring all the performance power of this open architecture to bear for your organization. There are no smoke and mirrors here—just hard, cold, empirical evidence provided by independent sources. I also consider some innovative ways Linux on Power will be used in the future.Get the Guide


text:
New Compact Body With 16 Individual Cameras Proves Computational Photography Is the Future
So outrageous are the looks of the L16 camera, you might find yourself checking today's date to make sure we haven't entered into April. But no, this is completely real. Light, the company behind the L16 camera, took a compact body and crammed 16 cameras, each with its own plastic-covered lens, into it. The idea is to create an all-in-one camera with multiple focal lengths, allowing the L16 to use computational photography to combine resulting images for higher quality photos from an aggregation of photos taken with small sensors.


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Your Loving Arms (JA Sunrise Mix)
Features of This Tracktrance roots
four-on-the-floor beats
electronica influences
beats made for dancing
straight drum beats
a female vocal
use of modal harmonies
the use of chordal patterning
synth swoops
effected synths
a variety of synth sounds
vinyl ambience
trippy soundscapes
prevalent use of groove
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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text:
By Shruti Kesavan:
"People killing, people dying
Children hurt and even crying
Can you practice what you preach
Or would you turn the other cheek
Father, father, father, help us
Send some guidance from above
'Cause people got me, got me questioning
Where is the love?"
These famous lyrics of the band Black Eyed Peas from their song 'Where is the love?' aptly describe my emotions with respect to the rising gun culture in the United States. We may be from different borders or even cultures but when a life is nipped off brutally, one is left wondering if we are heading in the right direction. More so if that life is an innocent six-year-old who is cruelly killed, shot in the head a multiple number of times, our emotions don't vary. The recent shooting in Sandy Hook Elementary School on December 14th 2012, in Newtown Connecticut was one such incident. That day was like any other day, when parents left their kids in the safe hands of the school, wishing them a wonderful day. There was just one thing that did not fit this fairy tale; these kids were never going to see their parents again. Never again would these parents be complaining about how these children don't finish their cereal or their homework.
The day was a normal one until Adam Lanza decided to take things into his hands, when he walked into the school and shot every soul that crossed his sight. He began his shooting spree by shooting his mother Nancy Lanza in their Newtown home and then drove off with his mother's collection of rifles only deciding to write off the lives of twenty innocent, fragile, helpless children and their six teachers while leaving two others wounded. Not only did he walk around shooting mercilessly but also shot each child multiple times. He then turned the gun on to himself when he saw the police approaching him, some eye witnesses stated.
This was the second deadliest school shooting in the U.S after the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre. Seung Hui Cho, a South Korean, who was a former senior level undergraduate student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute shot 32 people and wounded 17 people. This is by far considered to be the most deadliest and gruesome of all shootings in the U.S. This incident took place on January 18th, 2007.
Some of the other case studies which describe the gun culture in America are briefly mentioned below. They will not only shock you but will also bring into light a very important issue of the increasing affinity of people with guns and how it is affecting millions of simple lives.
The Bath School disaster which occurred on May 18th 1927 in Michigan was one the most gruesome of incidents. Andrew Kehoe killed 38 elementary school children and 6 adults and also injured 58 others before committing suicide. The final explosion was when he pressed the detonator attached to him. This has been the deadliest mass murder in U.S history sharply followed by the Sandy Hook shooting. The reason for him turning into a fiend was because of his defeat in the 1926 township clerk elections.
The Binghamton shooting was carried out by Jiverly Voong, a neutralized American citizen from Vietnam when he entered into the facility where he was previously taking English classes. This incident occurred on April 3rd 2008 where 13 were left killed including his former teacher and classmates and he also wounded four people in the process.
The Ford Hood incident happened on November 5th 2009 where a single gunman, Nidal Mali Hasan, a 39-year-old serving as a physician in the base mercilessly killed 13 people and wounded 29 others. This incident took place in the U.S military base and was the worst shooting inside the same.
The California State University Fullerton massacre took place on 12th of July in 1976 where the librarian of the University decided to spread havoc and bloodshed. Edward Charles the custodian of the library not only killed 7 students and co-workers but also wounded many others. He was armed with a semi-automatic rifle which he had purchased for Buena Park Kmart. He was then charged for one count of first degree murder and one count of second degree murder.
The incidents mentioned above bring into light a very important cultural gap which needs to be mended, which is the U.S gun culture. America has always held affections for firearms. This is something they have possessed from the very beginning, be it to protect themselves from the Native Americans and animals in the past or simply to protect themselves now. There are currently 300 million guns in circulation in America which can get into the hands of the mentally unfit resulting in incidents as these.
The year 2010 saw 358 deaths revolving the rifles in the U.S, and 6009 deaths involving the usage of pistols which also included suicides. Some of the high profile shootings were of John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King to name a few.
Coming back to the Sandy Hook shootings, the shooting went on for 15 minutes and the guns the perpetrator had would certainly shock you. He had a .233 calibre Bushmaster XM- 15 rifle, 10mm Gluck 20SF handgun, 9mm SIG Sauer handgun, a .30 Enfield rifle, .22 Martin and a .45 Henry. Out of these the last three were left at home. Ever wondered how he got so many rifles and shotguns? Ironically his mother was a gun enthusiast. Even though Adam Lanza was old enough to carry a long gun (through which most of the shootings took place) he was too young to carry handguns. This only brings us to question the second amendment which has to do with the possessions of firearms. The primary reason why people in the U.S possess guns is for their safety but now it's more about harming others than protecting yourself.
Adam was said to be suffering from Asperger's syndrome which is a sort of autism. Should the law be more stringent about whom it is providing the rifles to or should rifles be provided to the common crowd at all? After all if we take the law into our hands or even begin protecting ourselves, why do we need the police in the first place?
If you sign up with Google, Twitter or Facebook, we'll automatically import your bio which you will be able to edit/change after logging in. Also, we'll never post to Twitter or Facebook without your permission. We take privacy very seriously. For more info, please see Terms.
There is a common belief that Asians are naturally gifted at maths.Read More >
It is time that people of colour be liberated from the grapples of systemic and institutional racism.Read More >
Many young Indian-Americans want nothing to do with India. On the other hand, some are too quick to see it through the lens of a young consultant.Read More >
People with disabilities comprise of 20 percent of the world's poorest.Read More >
In Pakistan, as everywhere, standing up to powerful people has consequencesRead More >


text:
Long a fan of Willa Cather's books the perfect choice for a respite from driving was a stop in Red Cloud, Nebraska. 1,000 residents feels like a step back in time. Cather is recognized as one of the most important American writers of the first-half of the 20th-century.
Since our visit came on the 4th of July the Cather Childhood Home and Foundation were closed; we were only able to experience the exterior of the home and grounds.
The hand pump and hollyhocks were a reminder of my grandparents farmhouse I frequently visited when a little girl growing up in the Midwest – decades ago.


text:
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IBMR International Business School (IBMR-IBS), Bangalore was established in 1999. The IBMR was envisioned as an autonomous Institution, dedicated to benefitting an entire spectrum of career aspirants by developing and delivering study...
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Adarsh Post Graduate College of Computer Science is affiliated to Osmania University and approved by AICTE. The college offers Master of Computer Applications and Master of Business Administration courses. Their mission is to become a...
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Andhra Pradesh,
Aditya College of Engineering (ACE), Surampalem was established in 2008 formerly known as Sri Aditya Engineering College under the aegis of under Sarojini Educational Society. ACE has been approved by AICTE and affiliated to Jawaharlal...
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Aditya Engineering College (AEC), Surampalem is the first of its kind in the district to be recognized by the AICTE and certified by the prestigious ISO 2000. The college is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,...
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Aizza College of Engineering & Technology (AIZZA CET) , Adilabad was established in 1999. It is promoted by Madarsa-I-Aizza an educational society. AIZZA CET is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and...
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text: These Carbon Nanotube Muscles Are 30 Times Stronger Than Human MusclesBrian Lam3/19/09 11:30pmFiled to: man vs machineRobotsMusclesRoboticsRobotMusclehumanmachineCarbonNanotube22EditPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink These next gen carbon nanotube muscles have "diamond-like" stiffness side to side, but are as flexible as rubber when moved perpendicularly. When voltage is applied to the structures, they contract with a pulling force 30 times the force per unit of human muscles. They're also quicker. A human's muscle fibers can contract 10% per second, but these can contract 40,000 percent. I had no idea synthetic muscles materials have come so far. A few years ago, when I was covering JPL's robotic arm wrestling challenge for Wired, the materials had a fraction of the potential of organic muscles. [Wired]Gear from Kinja DealsThese Door Stoppers Come With Their Own 3M Docking StationsBuying Guide: Gear For Better SleepSave $15 on (Almost) Any $60 eBay OrderReply22 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Need very cheap programmer for different jobs
This project received 15 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $141 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids15
Project Description
Hi guys. I need several project to be done. I need a very cheap and talented programmer who can work for me.
I need programs at the moment which has to work with different web pages (read and understand some site, and get some information from them)
So we can speak faster. Thanks.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
Looking for work?
Work on projects like this and make money from home!Sign Up Now
- Forbes
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- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


text:
|Don't ask to ask, just ask
Comment onby gods
|on Feb 11, 2000 at 00:06 UTC ( #3333=superdoc: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
Thanks for your suggestion. Your code output the following:
This result shows us that delete and our belong to "weak keywords", and each, chop and dump don't.
The following was quoted from regen/keywords.pl:
Plus (+) signs maybe mean "weak".Your comment meant a lot to me :)
In reply to Re^2: 'Ambiguous call' diagnosis seems ambiguous
by anazawa