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4 Parks near Marquette, Michigan
Harvey, Michigan 2.79 miles SE
Trowbridge Park, Michigan 3.07 miles NW
Negaunee, Michigan 10.79 miles SW
K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan 12.47 miles S
Marquette, Michigan (map) | (906) 228-0465
Sites: 110 | Latest Rate: $30.00 | 27 Reviews
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Jul 2016 - $30.00
We stayed for 4 nights and found the campgrounds to be very nice. The full hooksups are a great feature and there is plenty to do in the area, including swimming in Lake Superior, if you are up for it. For the less hardy there is a small beach on the river in the park with warmer water. - TBammer
Jul 2016 - $32.00
I do not recommend this park for big rigs. You can get in here but 30 doesn't work in site 86 and the staff doesn't care. The office is staffed by kids and since this is a city park, customer service is not a concern. Open ground on the pedestal. Electrician will not come out to fix it because it is a weekend. Can't run the AC and lots of campfires so leaving the windows open is not a good idea.
Dirt/mud site with trees so no satellite lock. No cable either and OTA is spotty. Lots of big dogs that bark.
Interior roads are asphalt with huge deep potholes. - pcmike
Aug 2015 - $32.00
Huge place. Shaded. Big rigs fine. Two girls in the office were very friendly and helpful. The 30-amp electricity did not work in the first two sites I pulled into, but it was fine in the one where I settled. Some sewer hookups are way too far away from the sites to use (i.e. Space 92). Some site pads are dirt, others paved. They all looked fairly level. My Verizon Hotspot worked fine. This is an okay place, but nothing special. I'd stay somewhere else next time. - Charles3
105 Acre Trail Marquette, Michigan 49855 (map) | (906) 249-4200
Sites: 7 | Latest Rate: $1.00 | 9 Reviews
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Aug 2015 - $1.00
As detailed in previous postings, this is parking places off to the side of the main parking lot. 50 amp electric and nothing else but you can't beat the price, FREE. Just register at the casino. - lllkrob
Sep 2014 - $1.00
This campground has electric only, but it's free! In addition, they give you $5.00 a day to stay there, and a free drink ticket. In my review I gave a cost of one dollar, as the form doesn't recognize free. It is a smaller casino, but we always have good luck there, and the staff is super friendly. - Northern Runner
Aug 2013 - $1.00
This is a very nice and clean park. All 7 sites are long and level. Cell phone service was weak. For satellite you had to shoot between trees so it might be hard to get. Would stay here again when in area. - ds4006
Marquette, Michigan (map) | (906) 249-9102
Sites: 65 | Latest Rate: $49.00 | 27 Reviews
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Aug 2016 - $49.00
Felt like when the owner saw our big rigs, he upped the price. However, it is tourist season. As others stated, nice beach across the street. Interesting stone work pieces around the grounds. Movie shown the night we arrived. - MizB450
Jul 2016 - $35.00
BYOW: bring your own water. The water at the park is full of iron, tastes bad, looks bad, and will stain. The owner is a unique individual who built and maintains the park all by himself. And, it looks like it. After the initial creepy feeling I got meeting the man and seeing his treasures, I realized he is most likely harmless, just eccentric. The Wifi is worthless, the Fudge Factory is closed, there is no pool or other amenities other than the rock carvings and his collection of junk. There is, however, a nice beach right across the street.
The price is on the high side but negotiable, especially if you bring cash.
None of the roads or sites are paved, and the park becomes a little muddy after rain. We will not stay here again because of the water and other reasons. - The Penguin
Sep 2015 - $35.00
This is an old school campground. The rest rooms are dark and only one stall had one roll of toilet paper. The drinking water was brown. Buy water before you get there. The price was cash only. WiFi was weak except for in the Library where you cannot find a light switch when dark! Our site had deflated balloons and used paper towels on the ground from the previous user. - PF Churchill
Ishpeming, Michigan (map) | (906) 486-0300
Sites: 105 | Latest Rate: $20.00 | 70 Reviews
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Sep 2016 - $20.00
Friendly, helpful staff, escort to site. 50 amp, W&E pull through site convenient to Hwy 41. WIFI very good, approx. 11 OTA TV stations available. Park is very nicely maintained and cheery. Plenty of room between sites. Very good overnight stop for us but looks like it would be a good destination as well. Park has many amenities available (pool, hot tub... etc.) but since this was a short overnight stop we did not use them all. - Bob & Stephanie
Sep 2015 - $40.00
The RV park is part of Country Village which includes a restaurant, brewery, motel, tanning center, movie theater, gift shop, and convenient off Hwy 28. - gbburgess
Aug 2015 - $43.00
We stayed at this campground for two nights on our way to Copper Harbor, MI. It was pretty disappointing that the pool was out of service but it was because no fault of theirs (closed because of health dept regulations- think Caddyshack). They instead offered wristbands to swim at the motel pool next door. Not the same as an outdoor pool but I'm not lowering my rating for that. The staff was very friendly. The campground main loops were blacktop. Lots were packed red gravel with grass and spacious. The campground is very wide open with almost no trees. This is primarily a motor coach spot and there weren't many families, at least not that we could see. The playground is a little lacking for families but no biggie. Everything was as expected or greater for our visit. - Done Roughing It


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From 16 DU upwards, the bags have a fastening strap.
The main statement of DIN 55 473 and of Military Standard MIL-D-3464E is the fixing of a minimum adsorption capacity of the desiccant. The standard furthermore regulates the materials, packaging units, testing methods and labelling.
A desiccant unit (DU) is, according to DIN, the amount of desiccant which in balance with the air at 23° C and 40% relative humidity absorbs at least 6.0 g of water vapour.
DIN desiccant we carry out the preamble DIN Dry. Under this designation we deliver certified desiccant bags of the brand KINDRY or other certificate holders. We work together with international partners in the DIN desiccant field and are, therefore, able to supply an excellent quality of the economically produced goods according to German standards at affordable prices.
The dimensioning of DIN desiccants is always expressed in desiccant units (DU) and not according to weight.
The maximum weight of a DU must not exceed 39 g. Dry clay is generally used as the absorbent. Since the standard in the DIN is strictly stipulated, desiccants in accordance with DIN are nearly identical in quality and size, irrespective of their manufacturer.
In addition to these uniform DIN desiccants, we also offer you other products, the adsorption capacity of which is substantially greater. On account of the uniform DIN specifications, these may, however, then not be called DIN desiccants.

subset: commoncrawl


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Essar loses coal mine for failing to clear payment
The ministry is also considering stern action against the company, including disqualifying it from Coal India supplies, a senior government official said.
Goa government lifts seasonal mining ban
Director of Mines and Geology Prasanna Acharya issued a notification lifting the ban on the transpor...
Essar Power seeks review of Tokisud mine termination notice
Essar Power had paid the first installment in time but defaulted on the second an...
NGT notice to MoEF on decentralisation of EC for sand mining
Taking note of the plea, a bench headed by Justice Jawad Rahim issued notice to the Environment Ministry seeking its reply within two weeks.
Mines ministry to seek bids for exploration of 20 blocks
The ministry will select one or two exploration agencies through the tendering process, a government official said.
Akhilesh sacks mining minister over graft charges
Uttar Pradesh chief minister Akhilesh Yadav sacked state mining minister Gayatri Prajapati over allegations of corruption.
Largest diamond mine outside South Africa opens in Canada's far north
The Gahcho Kue mine is only accessible by air, except for a few weeks in the dead of winter when trucks may travel across an ice road on the edge of the Arctic Circle.
NHRC seeks detailed report of illegal mining
The commission disposed five cases and in three cases the commission ordered compensation of Rs 41 lakh to relatives.
Centre to amend mining regulations to promote safety
During 2006-2010, there had been 519 fatalities from 414 accidents in coal mines while 348 fatalities were recorded from 333 accidents in 2011 to 2015 period.
Tasmania to help Vedanta restart copper mine
News is circulating that Vedanta planning to invest up to Rs 3,000 cr in its Indian copper operations to double the capacity to 800,000 tonnes.
Hindalco to sell alumina plant, mines in Brazil in debt-paring move
The AV Birla group major wants to use the money to cut debt and focus on the India business where demand is showing signs of improvement amidst stiff import competition.
JSW Steel looking to buy Karnataka mines
Expect domestic steel prices to rise and thus looking at buying mines in Karnataka says Sajjan Jindal, chairman and MD, JSW Group.
Essar loses coal mine for non-payment, may be barred from CIL supply too
Essar Power, like all other power companies that won coal mines, had agreed to forego mining costs and instead pay the state government premium.
Mining lease of Pottangi bauxite mines granted to NALCO
NALCO has been granted the mining lease of Pottangi with an area covering 1,738 hectares for a period of 50 years, a company release said.
Indigenous challenge to Adani's Carmichael coal mine dismissed
Adani said it would continue to work with the Wangan and Jagalingou traditional owners to help ensure the benefits of the mine, rail, port project were realised.


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Elevation Height from which you view 3-D chart data. Rotation The action of rotating the chart sideways. Perspective The ratio of the width of the front to the back, or how distant the rear data markers appear to be. Corner(s) The points defined by the walls/floor in a 3-D chart plot area. Can be use to adjust elevation, rotation, and perspective.To set the following, click the chart type group on the Format menu, and then click the Options tab:
Chart depth The shape of the chart base. Gap depth The depth between 3-D columns. Gap width The spacing between 3-D columns.
Article ID: 214240 - Last Review: 10/14/2013 15:29:28 - Revision: 3.1


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Payday 2
how many levels is it.. how fps fun is it.. i want more info
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lets say your playing SP. is it like COD is there fun to do and re do levels are the levels long and lots to do? is it open world or sort of?
how many missions or levels does it have?
About 30 missions. Skill building and weapon mods add to replayability. SP isn't that great cause the AI doesn't help all that much for mission objectives, but coop is FUN. (Biased fan of pd1, but have played pc beta)
ZillionKiller 3 years ago#3
The levels are small, not open world. You open crime.net and choose a heist that is available to you. Every time you play a level, it's different due to random elements (random placement of items, assets if you purchased them, difficulty level, etc.) so there's the replayability factor. Also, having four different classes to spend skill points in adds to this.
Like shaakes said, playing online with people is the way this game is meant to be played.
PSN ID : JasperGuitar
Cool I'm getting it for sp.
shads3055 posted...
Cool I'm getting it for sp.
Payday (at least the first one) is not near as much fun if you play alone. Besides the obvious advantage of having a human instead of AI, you'll have access to fewer supplies (bots don't carries ammo or health bags) and will have too personally do all objectives. Honestly, if you don't have Internet you should give it a miss, since the frustration will outweigh the fun. However, game kicks a** with other players (at least the first one does.)
shads3055 posted...
Cool I'm getting it for sp.
Lol. Try the demo when it comes out (or try demo of pd1) if you're set on SP only
I have intertent. just no friends online to play with. so I will get it and play solo.
shads3055 posted...
I have intertent. just no friends online to play with. so I will get it and play solo.
OK- just remember what we told you about single player... seriously. The stuff worth doing is not worth doing solo. It can be played solo but it's not really a SP game. Hard to really explain until you get some hands on time with the game. And if you have internet, but no friends to play with you'll be able to jump into a few random games and find some people you like to play with.
shads3055 posted...
I have intertent. just no friends online to play with. so I will get it and play solo.
Just play with randoms. worked for me in the first one (none of my friends play payday). Seriously, it'll be much better than with the shi*** bots
PoetSaskia 3 years ago#10
I'm getting it for sp only, too. I enjoyed the first Payday very much playing single player only. I very much dislike playing with other people. I got into video games when I was a kid because it was something I could do alone. So multiplayer games defeat the purpose for me. I enjoy Payday just fine by myself; I'm sure you can too.
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text: My life has been real different since my time at Rooster Teeth came to an end. But all good things come to an end, and when it did, the limelight fading was just as dramatic as it was stepping into it. In 2006 I had to dramatically adjust my life to deal with so many new people and opportunities coming into my life (which was great). But oppositely its been just as dramatic dealing with all these great people and great opportunities leaving my life. So many people just stopped talking to me and so many opportunities just dried up. I miss it. Not just for the fun of it, but now that I've got to do what I love so much as a living for so long, its hard to go back to my old work. And even though I'm not alone, its a lot more lonely with thousands of people forgetting who I am. I can't say I'm confident that I can back to the level I once was, but its nice having a good friend like Jose who believes in me.


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AAA— Round Rock 10, Iowa 2
Round Rock (55-45) used a five-run fifth to beat Iowa (49-51).
At the Plate: Josh Vitters homered in his first game back from the DL, a two-run shot in the sixth. Jae-Hoon Ha had a RBI single and the Cubs other run scored on a passed ball. Donnie Murphy, Edgar Gonzalez, Vitters and Ha all had two hits.
On the Mound: Brooks Raley (6-7 5.09 ERA) cruised through four innings retiring 11 in a row but ran into trouble in the fifth as the Express scored five times ending Raley's night. The left-hander was charged with five runs on six hits and three walks. Nick Struck gave up three runs in 1.1 innings and Jeffry Antigua allowed a two-run homer in his inning. Casey Coleman tossed a scoreless eighth.
Cubs Notes: 3B Josh Vitters was added to the roster after returning from Mesa on his rehab stint. RHP Henry Rodriguez has cleared waivers and been assigned to Iowa. Rodriguez was acquired from Washington for minor league RHP Ian Dickson.
AA—Tennessee 3, Jacksonville 2—10 innings
Arismendy Alcantara hit a walk-off double in the 10th to give Tennessee (17-9) the win over Jacksonville (14-12).
At the Plate: Tennessee cut the lead in half in the fourth when Justin Bour walked, took second on a wild pitch and scored on John Andreoli's double. Javier Baez took a pitch over the right-field fence in the bottom of the eighth to tie the game. It was Baez's fourth homer at AA and his 21st overall. With two outs in the 10th, Matt Szczur walked and scored on Alcantara's game-winning double to right.
On the Mound: Dae-Eun Rhee (1-0 1.93) made his first appearance in Tennessee since going on the DL in April. The right-hander made rehab starts in Mesa and Boise before joining the Smokies. The South Korean went 3.2 frames but allowed homers to the first two hitters. He fanned three and didn't issue a free pass. Yeiper Castillo had his fifth straight strong outing as the 25-year-old right hander fanned five in 3.2 innings of scoreless relief. Tony Zych worked a scoreless 8th and Zach Rosscup shut the Suns down for two innings, earning the win.
High A—Game 1—Daytona 0, Charlotte 0, Suspended by rain; Game 2—Postponed
The scoreless game was suspended due to rain in the top of the seventh. It will be completed on Saturday as a seven-inning game beginning at 5:30 p.m. EST and a second nine-inning game will follow.
At the Plate: Cubs had one hit in the first six innings, a double by Taiwan Easterling. The only other base runner was Wes Darvill, who drew a walk.
On the Mound: GAME 1—Ivan Pineyro (1-0 0.00 ERA) retired 12 straight after allowing a first-inning single as the right-hander hasn't been scored on (11 IP) since joining the Cubs organization. Acquired in the trade with Washington for Scott Hairston, Pineyro finished the night allowing four hits with three strikeouts. In his second game with the Cubs, his fastball was 88-92 with a 80 mph change-up, and an even slower breaking ball.
Low A—Great Lakes 8, Kane County 6—7 innings (Called due to rain)
Great Lakes (18-10) broke a 6-6 tie with two runs in the seventh and then the rain guaranteed the Loons a sweep of Kane County (5-21)
At the Plate: Gioskar Amaya and Jeimer Candelario hit two-run homers to pace the Cougars offense. Amaya went 2-3 and added a double with 3 RBI. Daniel Vogelbach was 2-4 extending his hitting streak to six games (11-23).
On the Mound: Scott Baker (0-1 15.88) continues his comeback from Tommy John surgery pitching in his second game since the 2011 season. The right-hander threw 60 pitches but the Loons had six hits and scored six times. You shouldn't read too much into the stats but at some point of the rehab, Baker needs to start getting hitters out. He walked the leadoff man in all three innings. Nathan Dorris got the the final out of the third inning on strikes. Michael Heesch (3-8 3.56) took the loss in relief allowing two runs in 4.1 IP on four walks and three hits.
Cougars Notes: Baker said after the game he did not know when his next rehab start would be.
Short-Season—Boise 9, Everett 2
Boise (19-16) won their seventh in a row banging out 15 hits to beat Everett (22-13) for the second straight night.
At the Plate: David Bote has his best night as a pro blasting a pair of homers with three RBI. Cael Brockmeyer upped his average to to .326 going 3-4 with 3 RBI. Lance Rymel extended his hitting streak to seven games and is hitting a career-high .306 after a 3-5 night. He was also deadly behind the plate picking two runners off base in back-to-back innings Jacob Rogers had two hits and two RBI while Rony Rodriguez was 2-4. Carlos Penalver extended his hitting streak to six games.
On the Mound: Dillon Maples (0-0 ERA) walked the bases full in his NWL debut July 15 leaving the game after three batters. Maples was a different pitcher Friday night featuring a fastball in the mid-90s and exhibiting better control. The right-hander tossed three innings allowing a run on three hits and two walks. Corbin Hoffner blanked the AquaSox for three frames with three punchouts to earn his second win. Carlos Martinez allowed a solo homer in two innings and Tyler Bremer fanned two in the ninth.
Arizona Rookie League—Cubs
Had the day off.
Dominican Summer League—Cubs 9, Mets I 1
Cubs' (28-12) pitching held the Mets (17-23) to three hits and scored five times in the first inning
At the Plate: Shamil Ubiera (.272) gave the Cubs all the runs they would need clearing the bases with a grand-slam, his second homer of the season in the first inning. He also walked three times and scored twice. Jhonny Pena (.223) and Dalfis Ortiz (.333) both had two hits and a RBI.
On the Mound: Andin Diaz (1-0 1.80) got his first pro win fanning six in five innings allowing a run on three hits. Diaz was activated from the restricted list. Wagner Disla (2BB 1K) and Enderson Mercedes (1BB 3K) both tossed two scoreless frames. Disla, 17, made his pro debut July 17 and was a July 2 signing last year for $100,000 out of the Dominican.
Cubs Notes: OF Robert Garcia, signed as a free agent on July 6, has been assigned to the Cubs DSL squad. The 19-year-old switch-hitting outfielder is from the Dominican.
Venezuelan Summer League—Cubs 6, Phillies 2
The Cubs (28-24) ran their win streak to eight games downing the Phillies (26-27).
At the Plate: The Cubs used their speed to score twice in the first as Bryant Flete (.286/.398/.384) walked, stole second (15), took third on a throwing error, and scored on Ricardo Marcano's single. Marcano (.278/.345/.454) stole second (12) and trotted home when the throw went into the outfield and past the centerfielder. The Cubs lead the VSL with 69 SB in 52 games. Jesus Gonzalez (.091/.286/.182) had a RBI triple in the second and 3B Rony Acala (.335/.369/.505) doubled in a run in the third. Flete doubled and scored on a RBI groundout by Marcano, his 36th. The Cubs final run came when Arnaldo Calero (.260/.305/.412) reached on an error and scored on a wild pitch.
On the Mound: LHP Victor Garcia (2-2 4.17 ERA/1.17 WHIP), who started the season in Mesa, fanned seven in six innings as the 21-year-old allowed two runs on four hits and two walks to earn the win. Victor Salazar (3-2 3.31/1.10) gave up a hit in two scoreless frames and Yomar Pacheco (2-2 2.62/1.08) tossed a 1-2-3 ninth.


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Newton R, Casabonne D, Johnson A, Davis G, et al.
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$8.09Willow knows shes different from other girls and not just because she loves tinkering with cars. Willow has a gift. She can look into the future and know peoples dreams and hopes their sorrows and regrets just by touching them. She has no idea where this power comes from. But the assassin Alex does. Gorgeous mysterious Alex knows more about Willow than Willow herself does. He knows that her powers
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$8.09As half-angel Willow strives to save the world from her parasitic otherworldly kin, romance and tension heat up to a climactic finale. In the devastated remains of the world, millions of people live in "Edens" provided by the angels who have all but enslaved humanity. As the angelic stranglehold on humanity tightens, Willow and Alex are recruiting and training new Angel Killers while struggling to
Angels, Vampires, and Zombies: Exclusive Candlewick Press SamplerThe sampler includes chapters from Sean Beaudoin's The Infects, Cynthia Leitich Smith's Tantalize, and L. A. Weatherly's Angel Burn.The InfectsA feast for the brain, this gory and genuinely hilarious take on zombie culture simultaneously skewers, pays tribute to, and elevates the horror genre. TantalizeAre you predator or prey? Angel BurnThey're out for your soul . . . and they don't ...
$4.99It's all come down to this. It's time to stop running. It's time to make a choice. Two years ago, Violet Eden walked away from her home, her friends, the Academy, and hardest of all, she walked away from her soul mate, Lincoln. Now Spence is gone, and Violet knows she is the best person to go after him. But doing so means facing everything and everyone she left behind.Violet must find out who
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$2.99When Samara arrives home from her honeymoon with Luke, she finds herself keeping more secrets from her mate—and her pack—than ever before. When the Tala pack travels to the Catskills to find out if there's a chance that Samara's grandfather, Joe McKinley, might still be alive, Samara finds herself witnessing a Vyka initiation that she would have rather not seen. But as the Vyka get prepared to
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Home > Eyeglasses > MarchonNYC > M-MELA (604)
New Releases
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
M-MELA/604 Eyewear
As a customer of Edel-Optics, you are totally aware that eyewear can crown your style. This accessory makes you look very smart when you are out and about and convincing in the office and in your leisure time. Would another colour not be a better match for your favourite outfit? Check also the other styles of M-MELAin our 2015, and 2016 MarchonNYC range.
This frame was specially designed for genuine power women. Graceful design and expressiveness are interspersed with classical chic. Wearing full rim eyewear, you make it unmistakably clear that you are going the whole hog. The oval shape suits almost any type and is a particularly good choice for those who prefer unobtrusive eyeglasses. This oval frame is particularly suitable for heart-shaped faces, but also suits every other face shape, because the M-MELA is a real all-rounder. Plastic frames like these combine durability and are comfortable to wear. The M-MELA is a very snug fit on the ears and nose.
Moreover, we can also provide you with the correct prescription lenses at an incredibly low price. The only thing you need to provide us with are your current dioptre values determined by your ophthalmologist. Together with our digital dispensing optician, you can choose between reasonably priced brand lenses from Germany or premium brands such as Seiko, Hoya and Rodenstock. Edel-Optics' plastic lenses have many features such as anti-reflection coating, lotus effect, cleaning coating, antistatic and hard coating at no extra charge.
The next shipment is on its way, so we will have your MarchonNYC back in stock very soon. We hope the unbelievably low price will be a consolation for the short wait. In our online shop we have consistently low prices. You won't get M-MELA at such a low price, not even in the sale.
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It was a magical moment in South Jersey field hockey history.
National field hockey history, too.
About 5 p.m. Tuesday on Cherokee's field, Eastern goalkeeper Alana Barry shattered the national high school career shutouts record by blanking the Chiefs, 10-0, in an Olympic Conference American Division game.
The shutout was the 68th in Barry's four-year career and 10th of the season; it eclipsed the national mark of 67 shutouts recorded by Haley Exner of San Diego's Scripps Ranch High School in 2003. Barry has nine regular-season games to play plus postseason tournament action.
"I'm surprised by this," she said. "I never thought it would happen."


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In the world of sports few activities require the depth and intricacy that surfing demands, and that's only speaking in regards to choosing the proper equipment. Choosing the correct surfboard; … Continue reading "Pop-out surfboards. What are they and why don't we make them."
Mike Sciarra & His Vision (8/4/2016)
If you are like me, designs are very important when surfboards and skateboards are involved. Size, rails, thickness, shapes and materials  give you a variety of choices to fit your … Continue reading "Mike Sciarra & His Vision"
The Beaches Of The Wildwoods (7/26/2016)
For you readers who have never been to the barrier island of The Wildwoods, let me say: The beaches are the largest beaches on the East Coast and the sand … Continue reading "The Beaches Of The Wildwoods"
How Do We Define a Surfer? (3/18/2016)
How do we define a Surfer? The obvious definition would be: one who  rides the waves on a surfboard. But….. that is too simplistic and ignores other styles. … Continue reading "How Do We Define a Surfer?"
Introducing the Kona Surf Company (2/11/2016)
I will say one thing: Launching a website has been one of the hardest things that I have ever done. Yes, www.Konasports.com has been around for almost ten years, but … Continue reading "Introducing the Kona Surf Company"
Surf Expo 2013 (1/17/2013)
For most east coast surf retailers, the winter months bring a quiet solitude that lets us step back, and reevaluate how we stand after a hectic summer season. Walk through … Continue reading "Surf Expo 2013"
The Monster Moves On (12/4/2012)
What began as quietly whispered rumors between fellow surfers has now been confirmed as 100% FACT. Beginning in 2013, Nike will be removing its hands from the surf world, and … Continue reading "The Monster Moves On"
The Triple Crown (11/30/2012)
If you are anything like me, you've been glued to your computer monitor over the past week, watching every wave of the Vans World Cup of Surfing. Even right now … Continue reading "The Triple Crown"
Giving Thanks (11/20/2012)
It's a good thing that Kona Sports carries all the best brands in training and workout apparel and equipment, because New Jersey citizens have a lot to be thankful for … Continue reading "Giving Thanks"
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Beasts From the East It's no surprise that surfers and body boarders have been spearheading the movement to rebuild the Jersey Shore. After all, the ocean is our second home. … Continue reading "Beasts From the East"


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(from TOC release)
The Thoroughbred Owners of California membership re-elected Martin Bach and Mace Siegel to its board and voted to add new representatives Madeline Auerbach and Harry Pellman in recently completed balloting. The new Board will take office on July 1. Auerbach became involved in horseracing 30 years ago with her late husband, James. Upon venturing into the breeding business in 1998 with their horse Unusual Heat, they had a successful line of runners, including Frankie Eyelashes, Tucked Away, Thermal Ablation, and Lennyfrommalibu.Bach, a Northern Californian, joined the TOC Board in 2003 and serves as finance chairman and treasurer. He has owned racehorses for more than 35 years and presently races, breeds, and sells Thoroughbreds. He currently owns 15 horses.Pellman has been the driving force behind a small group of friends owning racehorses for more than 25 years. A practicing pediatrician in a small multi-specialty medical group, he is a past ad hoc member of the TOC Medication Committee. A founding member of TOC, Siegel is currently board vice chairman. With daughter Samantha, he owns Jay Em Ess Stable. Among the horses they have campaigned is undefeated Declan's Moon, winner of the Eclipse Award as best 2-year-old colt of 2004. An annual election is held to fill four of the 15 board seats based on a staggered term structure. This year, there were eight candidates for the four seats. TOC bylaws require that at least three of the 12 owner-category board members be Northern Californians. This requirement was satisfied with the election of Bach.The newly elected Directors join Barry Abrams, Donna Arnold, Tom Bachman, David Hofmans, B. Wayne Hughes, Jess Jackson, Billy Koch, Alan Landsburg, Marsha Naify, Philip Oviedo, and Donald Valpredo in comprising the TOC Board.
TOC Elects Two New Board Members
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A very good read from the weekend entitled Open All Night: America's Car Factories", by the Wall Street Journal will give you a look at the operations of the auto industry relative to its past. The piece looks directly at capacity utilization for U.S. auto makers, suggesting that this capacity may be reaching its limit. While I disagree with the article, it rings a familiar bell that we have heard in recent weeks regarding the auto industry. After both General Motors (NYSE:GM) and Ford (NYSE:F) have rallied with strong one-year performances, it makes sense that concerns would come to surface. With that said, are these concerns appropriate; are they more based on price rather than valuation, and is there a near-term catalyst that could catapult the space higher?
Is Capacity Reaching Its Limit?
Seeking Alpha's market current led me to the WSJ piece; the current did a good job at providing a run-down for the article's main discussion points. These main points are as followed:
- Capacity utilization is at an all-time high
- ~40% of North American car factories produce vehicles 80 hours per week, compared to 11% five years ago.
- 647,600 auto workers today vs. 925,700 in 2005
- New factories and plants will have to be built, increasing costs.
Two weeks ago, Ford disclosed that building new plants is unlikely. Therefore, as investors, we naturally try to determine a meaning behind such a move, such as slowing growth or concerns of future weakness.
Personally, I look at the direction of U.S. auto manufacturers and can't help but to feel satisfied. First off, if new union agreements allow for working shifts and nights or weekends, then why wouldn't companies take advantage? The WSJ notes that only 11% of factories were producing vehicles at 80 hours a week back in 2007. However, we saw the large financial burden that high costs and limited demand put on the industry during the recession. By producing the most revenue per facility, auto manufacturers are protecting themselves in the event of another economic catastrophe.
Essentially, good companies learn from the past, and use experiences to become better and more efficient. After GM's bankruptcy, and Ford's near bankruptcy, the decision to operate with more capacity seems responsible. Moreover, a ~40% production per 80hr rate should be viewed as a positive, as it shows that there is still a significant amount of room to increase production (more than double current production at 80 hours in other facilities).
A String Of Recent Concerns
This last weekend's WSJ article appears to be yet another cautionary look at the auto market. Right now, it does appear as though there is a lot of pessimism building for GM and Ford. In the last month there has been an excessive amount of concerning outlooks. Here are just a few:
- News that the U.S. "might" end a 50-year tariff on pickup trucks. If so, this would lower the cost of foreign made pickups, most notably affecting Ford trucks.
- Auto sales in Russia have declined from last year's record pace
- Concerns of economic downturn in China
- Continued pricing pressure in Europe
- Detroit bankruptcy and its feared implications
- Of course, the latest U.S. manufacturing concerns
Yes, there are concerns that China's growth could slow, and that rising rates could follow Detroit's bankruptcy. However, most of these noted industry concerns are what you see from a momentum industry, not a value space. In fact, several analysts have even cut their price targets or rating on the auto industry, most notably RBC and Goldman on Ford, citing valuation as the driver. The problem is that despite large one-year gains, the auto industry remains one of the most undervalued industries in the entire market.
An Undervalued Market
So far, in the month of August, GM and Ford have lost 5.5% and 4.5% of their value, respectively. Yet, for the month of July, auto sales rose double digits year-over-year, including a 16.3% gain for GM and an 11% boost for Ford, including a 71% gain in China. Moreover, a report on CNBC showed that the average age for vehicles (on the road) has risen to an all-time high, meaning there is plenty of potential demand. Lastly, let's not forget the incredible quarterly performances from both companies, where losses in Europe narrowed, and revenue grew significantly faster than GDP.
With all things considered, an excessive valuation could lead to a bearish outlook, but all-in-all, we're talking about a true strength in the U.S. economy. Over the last year, GM has traded with gains of 56%, and Ford has gained 70% in the same period. The S&P 500 has traded higher by 16.75%, which might explain the number of valuation-related calls.
While we can look at the one-year performance of both stocks and conclude that both have reached a short-term peak, I think it is important to look back further at stock performance. For example, since January 2011, Ford has traded with a loss of 2.8%, GM has a loss of 6.5%, while the S&P 500 has a gain of nearly 32%. Therefore, the auto industry has not, in any way, outperformed the broader market. In fact, it is a significant laggard.
Ford and GM's lack of stock performance also reflects their valuation. Ford trades at just 9.3 times next year's earnings, and 0.45 times sales. GM trades with a forward P/E ratio of 7.5, and 0.31 times its sales. Compared to the S&P 500's 13 times next year's earnings and 1.5 times sales, you can see that this is a very cheap industry.
Is It Time To Buy
Unfortunately, just because an industry or stock is cheap, doesn't mean that the stock will rise. Sometimes, you can be right with your analysis, but the stock performance will prove you wrong. A good example is with Bill Ackman, and his Herbalife (NYSE:HLF) call. In my opinion, his call was the best I had ever seen, as he broke down the entire company in a way to where no money manager, analyst, or the company itself could defend all of his points. He was simply right, or at least in my opinion. Yet, strong backings of big-name financial juggernauts such as Carl Icahn have proved Ackman wrong, at least temporarily.
While this could be the case for Ford and GM, due to the number of concerns, I find it highly unlikely. For one, fundamentals are expected to rise, and both companies remain very cheap relative to the overall market. But more importantly is the catalyst surrounding dividends. Ford Motor already pays a 2.5% yield, but various executives have discussed raising their dividend further in the near future. While I may be wrong, I think Ford's future dividend hike could work in tandem with perhaps the biggest catalyst for the industry since the recession, involving GM.
For the month of July, The Treasury Department reportedly sold $877 million worth of GM's stock, making the Treasury's recoup about $35 billion of the $51 billion that it gave to GM during the recession. As we all know, GM's largest shareholder had been the U.S. government (since the recession). However, with a plan to be fully divested within 4-5 months, a whole slew of catalyst are expected to occur, including dividend payouts from GM.
Seeing as how the auto industry as a whole trades as a unit, it makes sense that Ford and GM would be valued below the S&P 500, having underperformed the market over the last couple years. GM has a massive owner of its stock that has continuously sold shares. In fact, $877 million worth of stock would equal 25 million shares at $35 per share, or two full days of nothing but selling. Once this activity ends, and if GM implements an immediate dividend, this will remove a significant overhang from the industry, and make an investment much more attractive.
With that said, I think GM is looking most attractive - although I have been a long-term Ford bull - as the stock is cheaper on a price/sales and P/E ratio basis, and has the most to gain with a dividend and a divestment from the government. However, I think the Treasury's divestment will boost the overall space, as it should give investors a sense of security. Therefore, I believe GM, or Ford, is a necessity within the portfolio of any investor. This pair of stocks is simply too cheap, growing too fast, and with a major near-term catalyst around the corner. Hence, I see virtually zero risk in this space.
Disclosure: I am long GM. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


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Category:Barbara Ann Scott
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Barbara Ann Scott OC OOnt (May 9, 1928 – September 30, 2012) was a Canadian figure skater.
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Senior Editor
- Employer
- BMP Media
- Location
- New York
- Posted
- Sep 18, 2013
- Closes
- Oct 18, 2013
- Contact
- Ms. Marie Mascaro
- Category
- Publishing
- Duration
- Full Time
Job Summary:Interview is looking for a Senior Editor to conceive, assign, and edit stories and packages on a wide range of subjects, with a focus on film. The ideal candidate is creative, organized, detail-oriented, and resourceful, and has a thorough knowledge of directors, actors, and the movies big and small, as well as a deep passion for all things cultural.Description of duties:- Work with the Entertainment Director and senior staff to shape the magazines overall cultural coverage.- Conceive, assign, and edit features and front-of-book pieces.- Generate ideas, arrange interviews, and develop and package stories.- Collaborate closely with the photography and art departments.- Recruit and cultivate new writers.- Assure that all calendars and schedules are accurate and maintained.- Be creative and a font of ideas.Qualifications:- 4 year college degree- At least four years of experience working in print or online in an editorial capacity.- Strong editing, writing, creative, and problem-solving skills.- A thorough knowledge of film- The ability to effectively balance multiple tasks and shifting priorities in a fast-paced, deadline-driven environment.- A strong interest in magazines and magazine-making across multiple platforms.Please email your resume and cover letter, including salary requirements to: firstname.lastname@example.com with subject line "Interview Senior Editor"No phone calls, Please. Only those candidates under consideration will be contacted.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post5908655301454269832..comments2016-08-23T01:39:20.228-07:00Comments on Adventures in Babywearing: Mom Trends In My Neighborhood... what would we do without Old Navy and Target?Stephanie Precourthttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-91494513844284866902007-09-12T07:59:00.000-07:002007-09-12T07:59:00.000-07:00Believe it or not, but the only ONE piece of GAP c...Believe it or not, but the only ONE piece of GAP clothing I've ever owned is one hat... And same type of items from Old Navy and Target...

My personal mommy uniform is jeans and oxford, and the jeans brand changes over the years, but I'm still stuck on RL oxfords, and their jeans are sometimes ok too. I guess I go to RL store to stock up on basics like tees the same way that many go to GAP.

Thanks for sharing!!Katja from skimbaco.comhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-51033883757356161012007-09-11T17:23:00.000-07:002007-09-11T17:23:00.000-07:00I so agree with your mom trends! I only like to w...I so agree with your mom trends! I only like to wear high heels when going out on the town...(if you can call it that!). I love Target for just about everything and Old Navy rocks! I have yet to find a really great pair of jeans, but I can usually be found in khaki cargos with flip flops or Nikes.Nikki Zhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-60898215382841787282007-09-11T17:01:00.000-07:002007-09-11T17:01:00.000-07:00I read this last night, but just realized I never ...I read this last night, but just realized I never commented! I love your style, especially all the red accessories!Ariannehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-62854350252512551382007-09-11T12:21:00.000-07:002007-09-11T12:21:00.000-07:00LOVE those jeans. I'm going to check them out at G...LOVE those jeans. I'm going to check them out at Gap next time I'm at the mall.

Your post definitely captured my typical wardrobe: classic jeans, a tank top or tee, and boots or sneakers.

If I could shop anywhere, I'd shop at Nordstrom Rack, Zara, H & M, Banana Republic, and maybe Ann Taylor. Where would you shop?Stephaniehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-55736101940319308442007-09-11T11:53:00.000-07:002007-09-11T11:53:00.000-07:00I am hoping that there will be a Target within the...I am hoping that there will be a Target within the vicinity when I make my trip down to DC in December. I LOVE Target and especially so as we don't have it up here in Canada. I have already forewarned hubby that he may have to do a few more golf lessons to earn some extra doe for Mommy so I can go to town!!

It seems though that I am on the same page as well .... although for me, buying jeans is a bit of a process due to my long inseam. Therefore, jeans are a luxury item for me as I am obligated to spend some money. Hence another reason that I am excited to do some shopping in your great country! You have the best selection of affordable clothing!!

And, thanks again for the sling!! I can hardly wait to get it and start showing it off around town!Alliehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-27181107599548894452007-09-11T11:47:00.000-07:002007-09-11T11:47:00.000-07:00i shop at old navy, target, and "higher end" secon...i shop at old navy, target, and "higher end" second hand stores. nothing trendy and fashionable i'd say. just nice comfortable clothes for the most part.casual friday everydayhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-7129761472286150762007-09-11T07:26:00.000-07:002007-09-11T07:26:00.000-07:00Love the jeans, love the top....going shopping tod...Love the jeans, love the top....going shopping today. =)Ann(ie)http://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-6650767402875579332007-09-11T06:37:00.000-07:002007-09-11T06:37:00.000-07:00I'm wearing frumpy mom jeans and an old teal sweat...I'm wearing frumpy mom jeans and an old teal sweater. Yeah. Hot. Me.Beckhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-84253534317664426472007-09-11T06:26:00.000-07:002007-09-11T06:26:00.000-07:00I'm thinking The Gap should send you a pair of lon...I'm thinking The Gap should send you a pair of long and lean jeans....Life With All Boyshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-19458814890799369482007-09-11T06:01:00.000-07:002007-09-11T06:01:00.000-07:00I think my fashions as well as my boys are styled ...I think my fashions as well as my boys are styled by Old Navy and Target. I am also a fan of Gap clearance racks. But one must have in my closet is Gap's CURVY FIT jeans/pants and any of their drawstring pants. Love them!

LoriGlass Half Fullhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-35022549650484696392007-09-11T05:23:00.000-07:002007-09-11T05:23:00.000-07:00I've been wanting those jeans! I guess I was fina...I've been wanting those jeans! I guess I was finally going after something trendy. My favorite jeans, though, are good old Levi's. But I also love to wear Banana Republic pants, and no, I do not pay $75 for them! I wait for the end-of-season $14.95 sales! As for hairstyles out here, unfortunately, mommies are still doing the Dharma & Greg thing. Ah, well. So's life in the not-so-big city.Dianehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-79984573620952062532007-09-11T05:21:00.000-07:002007-09-11T05:21:00.000-07:00Target and Old Navy...two of my very favorite!!!St...Target and Old Navy...two of my very favorite!!!

StaciStacihttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-43563162189955988202007-09-11T04:13:00.000-07:002007-09-11T04:13:00.000-07:00i loooove my long and lean jeans! the wide band o...i loooove my long and lean jeans! the wide band on the bottom is my fav part :)thekirnancribhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-26116312033908202532007-09-10T21:57:00.000-07:002007-09-10T21:57:00.000-07:00I think you are right on here. Moms seem to be wea...I think you are right on here. Moms seem to be wearing htings that are casual and comfy, but can be dressed up for a night out. A great pair of jeans is key! I need to do something with my wardrobe. Evidently, I am not blessed in the long and lean category. I hate shopping for jeans. But, when you find a good pair, buy 5! I need to accessorize more as well.Elizabeth F.http://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-73785704869474607562007-09-10T21:31:00.000-07:002007-09-10T21:31:00.000-07:00You hit that one right on the head Steph. Except,...You hit that one right on the head Steph. Except, it takes a lot to get me out of my flip-flops. But I shop Target, Old Navy, and yes, yes, yes GAP for my jeans! That watch is cute. I need to start accessorizing more, even with my flip-flops. My atyle tends to get a bit more fun in the fall/winter time when I pull out my fun furry (faux of course) boots, and fun sweaters. Pre-Jonah I was a bit more trendy, but my bosy allowed for that...not anymore.Little Man's Mamahttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-17896502274282579762007-09-10T21:17:00.000-07:002007-09-10T21:17:00.000-07:00I just purchased my first pair of Long and Lean Ga...I just purchased my first pair of Long and Lean Gap Jeans. I love them. I am glad to see that I just might be on track with these mommy trends.Stacey@Look, Mom, Look!http://firstname.lastname@example.com


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Nikolaus Harnoncourt Bach - Secular Music
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Format: DVD
sku: 36CJE
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DVD Features:
- Rated: Not Rated
- Run Time: 55 minutes
- Video: Color
- Released: August 30, 2011
- Originally Released: 1984
- Label: Kultur Video
- Encoding: Region 1 (USA & Canada)
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- Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo
Performers, Cast and Crew:
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This musical release from conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt captures a live performance of some of the most beloved secular works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with performances by soloists like Janet Perry and Robert Holl. Pieces featured in the performance include "Orchestral Suite No. 3", "Brandenburg Concertos Nos. 3", and more.
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Classical Music | Composers | Concert | Concerts | Music (General) | Performing Arts
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 15, 1992
|Filing date
|Aug 5, 1991
|Priority date
|Oct 18, 1989
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Stephen C. Wardlaw, Robert A. Levine
|Original Assignee
|Wardlaw Stephen C, Levine Robert A
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (22), Classifications (16), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/423,181, filed Oct. 18, 1989, which issued Nov. 12, 1991, as U.S. Pat. No. 5,064,766.
The present invention relates to testing for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The common screening test for occult gastrointestinal bleeding is the test for fecal occult blood (FOB). This test involves placing a sample of stool onto a testing surface and adding one or more reagents which react with the blood in the sample to produce a recognizable color.
Two current varieties of such tests are the Hemoccult� device and the HemaWipe� device. The Hemoccult� test device requires that one use a small paddle to fish a feces sample out of the toilet and apply the sample to a piece of test paper mounted on a card. U.S. Pat. No. 3,996,006 to Pagano is exemplary of a Hemoccult� test device.
The HemaWipe� device utilizes a test pad adhered to a pliant impermeable base sheet and covered with a pliant volume control sheet having openings therein in alignment with the test pad. The patient can wipe with the HemaWipe� device, remove the volume control cover sheet, fold the pliant base sheet over on itself to seal the test pad and sample and submit it for testing. A number of prior patents relate to the HemaWipe� device including U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,379, entitled "DEVICE FOR OBTAINING STOOL SAMPLES," issued Feb. 18, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,518, entitled "DEVICE FOR OCCULT BLOOD TESTING," issued Feb. 14, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,949, entitled "STOOL SAMPLING DEVICE," issued Dec. 24, 1985, U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,353, entitled "METHOD OF MAKING A STOOL SAMPLING DEVICE," filed Dec. 13, 1983, U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,750, entitled "DEVICE FOR OBTAINING STOOL SAMPLES," issued Jan. 11, 1983, U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,741, entitled "DEVICE FOR OBTAINING STOOL SAMPLES," issued Jun. 16, 1981, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,964, entitled "DEVICE FOR OBTAINING STOOL SAMPLES," issued Apr. 7, 1981.
Virtually all FOB tests used today have the problem of nonspecificity. Their chemical reactions detect the peroxidase property of hemoglobin by causing the catalysis of peroxide into oxygen and water, and the subsequent oxidation of a colorless dye into a colored form. Gum guaiac is the most commonly used color reagent, although a large number of other reagents have been used in the past.
The nonspecificity is due to two reasons. First, there are other peroxidase positive materials which the patient may eat, which, when excreted, will also cause a positive reaction. Secondly, there is a normal, small loss of blood into the GI tract which in some patients will escape into the stool in amounts large enough to cause a reaction. It is obvious that the more sensitive the reagent, the more sensitive the test, but the more likely that there will be a false-positive reaction.
The FOB tests are more frequently used to screen patients for a hidden colonic malignancy, so that the consequences of missing any bleeding can be severe. Conversely, if there are a large number of false-positive tests, the expense and possible complications of the additional follow-up tests involved are also considerable. There have been many attempts to make the FOB test more specific, and thus allow adequate sensitivity while preventing the undesired false-positive results.
Specific immunologic tests have been employed which are sensitive only to human blood. The problem with these have been that they are much more complicated and expensive than the usual screening test, and the blood may be altered by partial digestion so that it is not detected by immunologic means. A recent technique called Hemaquant involves the extraction of a stool sample to obtain porphyrins, the breakdown products of blood. The advantage of this technique is that it is quantitative and relatively specific, but it too is expensive and much more cumbersome than the usual screening tests.
An important consideration in any work-up for GI bleeding is the source. Where the FOB test is used to screen for colo-rectal cancer, the only blood of interest is from the lower GI tract. Blood from gastritis or dental bleeding would be considered a false-positive, even though blood was indeed present. It can therefore be seen that the concept of a false-positive test involves more than the incorrect detection of blood but also the circumstances under which it is detected. Ideally, an FOB test would not only reliably detect blood but also give some indication as to the origin of the blood.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a simple but accurate means of detecting a small amount of blood in a sample of stool. It is also a object of this invention to provide an indication of the origin of the blood.
The present invention is based on the fact that blood, as it passes through the GI tract, changes character in ways that allow the blood from various sites to be physically separated and detected. When blood (either from the patient or ingested) passes through the normal stomach, hydrochloric acid converts the relatively uncharged hemoglobin to hematin and related hemoglobin breakdown products (HBPs), which are highly charged.
In the present invention, a fecal sample is placed on a charged absorbant medium which will absorb hematin and/or other hemoglobin breakdown products and hemoglobin The medium is charged to be differentially attractive to hematin and hemoglobin breakdown products on the one hand and hemoglobin on the other. A solvent for hematin and/or other hemoglobin breakdown products and hemoglobin is then placed on the charged medium and allowed to migrate through the medium and through any material absorbed from the fecal sample to extract a detectable amount of hemoglobin and hematin and/or other hemoglobin breakdown products from the sample and to migrate through said medium. The hematin and any hemoglobin breakdown products tend to migrate more slowly than the hemoglobin due to the charge on the medium. Means for indicating hematin and/or other hemoglobin breakdown products and hemoglobin are then used to cause their visual detection.
The most obvious advantage of the foregoing invention is that it allows the doctor to determine whether fecal occult blood is originating in the upper GI or in the lower GI. If the blood is originating in the lower GI, further testing is called for. If it is originating in the upper GI, treatment for ulcers and/or dietary changes will be prescribed. A follow up fecal occult blood test performed several weeks later will indicate whether the treatment has been successful and if not, further tests can be conducted.
Also of interest, however, is that animal and vegetable peroxidases which constitute the usual dietary false-positives are also charged, like hematin and other hemoglobin breakdown products. Hence, these false-positive peroxidases also tend to "stick" to and are prevented from migrating through the medium.
Because of this, the test of the present invention can be made more sensitive by increasing the indicator dye concentration. In the prior art, the indicator dye is kept at a lesser concentration to avoid showing too many "false-positives" which result from dietary blood or dietary peroxidases. As a result, a substantial portion of fecal occult blood tests which are performed fail to show the presence of fecal occult blood originating in cancerous tumors in the lower intestine. By using the present invention, it is believed one can increase the concentration of indicator dye without encountering false-positives, and thereby greatly increase the sensitivity of the test to the presence of hemoglobin resulting from cancerous formations in the lower intestine.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be more fully understood and appreciated by reference to the written specification and appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fecal occult blood testing device made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view thereof after a fecal sample has been applied to the volume control top sheet thereof;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the device with the volume control sheet being removed and with solvent being applied to the absorbant medium;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the device after an indicator has been applied, showing the differential manner in which hematin and/or other hemoglobin breakdown products and hemoglobin migrate through the absorbant medium;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along plane VI--VI of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment with the base sheet being partially broken away;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the test medium portion of the alternative embodiment as it will look when tested positive for fecal occult blood originating in the lower intestine;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the test pad portion of the alternative embodiment as it will appear when tested positive for fecal occult blood originating in the lower intestine;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the test pad portion of the alternative embodiment device as it appears when tested positive for fecal occult blood originating in the upper intestine only; and
FIG. 12 ia a cross-sectional view thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the fecal occult blood testing device 1 for use in the present invention comprises a base sheet 10 to which is secured a charged, absorbant test medium 20 (FIG. 1). A test sample volume control cover sheet 30 overlies test medium 20 and includes a plurality of openings 31 therein A portion of fecal material wiped onto volume control cover sheet 30 (FIG. 2) passes through openings 31 onto test sheet 20, and the remaining portion of the sample is removed by removing cover sheet 30 (FIG. 3) and disposing of it.
Base sheet 10 is preferably made of a pliable, water-resistant material. By making base sheet 10 pliable, device 1 can be used as a wipe rather than as a receptor upon which a fecal sample is smeared using a small paddle. Of course, in the broader aspects of the invention, the use of a small paddle to smear a sample of fecal material onto device 1 is contemplated. A suitable pliable, water-resistant base sheet is a 3.5 mil (0.0035 inch) thick sheet of vinyl plastic material.
Test medium 20 comprises a sheet of filter paper impregnated with a suspension of charged material such as silica. Since hematin is negatively charged, the silica must be positively charged, which it is at a pH of around 6.4. The key requirement for test medium 20 is that it allow retention of a stool sample, allow the passage of solvent and can be made to carry a charge materially different from either hematin or hemoglobin. Test medium 20 is adhered to base sheet 10 by a suitable adhesive such as an emulsion base acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive.
The specific grade of filter paper is not particularly critical. Medium grade filter paper such as Watman No. 1 is operable.
Numerous silicas are available to those skilled in the chromatography arts, many of which are applicable in the present invention. Aerosil™ 200N is operable. The only requirement for the charged particle material is that it be differentially attractive to hematin and hemoglobin such that separation can be effected. The silica particles are approximately two hundred nanometers in diameter. They comprise a very fine, light powder which is fairly widely used.
Suitable impregnation can be achieved by forming a thin paste of silica in a 70% ethanol and water carrier. This slurry is then pressed into the filter paper with a roller and the paper is allowed to dry.
While impregnating filter paper with silica as described above constitutes the best mode presently contemplated for the invention, it is possible that charged medium can be created by other techniques, as for example treating filter paper with charged organic molecules such as stearates. Another possibility which has not been specifically tested would be to place filter paper in a sulfuric/nitric acid mixture in order to create nitrocellulose paper.
Volume control cover sheet 30 controls the quantity of fecal material which is actually applied to test medium 20. It is a sheet of thin, water-resistant material. A suitable material is a silicone coated tissue paper, at a thickness of about 2 mils. The holes or openings 31 are approximately 0.05 to 0.10 inch in diameter and eight to sixteen such openings are arranged in a pattern in one-half of cover sheet 30. Cover sheet 30 is preferably releasably adhered to test medium 20 along end edge 32 so that it can readily be lifted at end edge 33 and peeled away from test sheet 20 and deposited in the toilet.
Openings 31 are preferably arranged in a circle. The solvent used to facilitate migration can be placed in the approximate center of the circle defined by openings 31 and will tend to flow radially outwardly. The migration of hematin and hemoglobin will thus be in a consistent, radial pattern with respect to the circle of apertures 31.
The solvent 50 must be one which will dissolve hematin and hemoglobin in order the cause them to migrate through the test medium 20. In the preferred embodiment, solvent 50 must also dissolve a buffering agent which helps to ensure an appropriate pH for optimum interaction between the test medium and the hematin. The pH is preferably from about six to about seven, most preferably about 6.4. Sodium acetate is a suitable buffer for this purpose.
Water is a good solvent for hematin and hemoglobin, as well as for the buffer. On the other hand, the solvent preferably includes ethanol, which facilitates the characteristic color change reaction of indicators such as guaiac. The solvent preferably includes between about 60 and about 80% by volume ethanol to facilitate the guaiac or other oxygen colored dye color indication reaction while leaving enough water in the solvent mixture to dissolve the acetate buffer and to facilitate the migration of hematin and hemoglobin. The acetate buffer included in the solution is at a level of about 0.05 Normal.
The means for indicating the presence of hematin and hemoglobin comprise an oxygen colored dye and a peroxide developer which releases oxygen upon exposure to hematin and hemoglobin. The oxygen colored indicator dye reagent can be gum guaiac, orthodianisidine, tetramethylbenzidine, or the like, with guaiac being preferred. The concentration of oxygen colored dye, most preferably guaiac, is from about 5 to about 25 mg./ml., most preferably about 7 mg./ml. The guaiac should not be so concentrated that it either makes the test too sensitive or obscure the peroxidase reaction. If the test is too sensitive, it will detect the minor amounts of blood normally found in the stool. The preferred solvent used is ethanol.
The peroxide solution is preferably about a 1% peroxide solution. The peroxide developer and the indicator dye can be combined in a single solution provided a peroxide stabilizer such as EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) is also included in the solution.
In use, device 1 is preferably used as a wipe in such a way that fecal material is wiped onto volume control cover sheet 30. A portion of the fecal material engages test sheet 20 through volume control openings 31. Cover sheet 30 is lifted from end 33, peeled off at end 32 and disposed of.
Solvent is then applied by dropper 51 approximately, to the center of the circle defined by dots of fecal material 40 on test sheet 20 (FIG. 3). Four drops or about 0.2 ml. of solvent is normally sufficient. As the solvent migrates outwardly through the test medium, it causes hematin 41 and hemoglobin 42 to migrate differently, due to the attractive charges between hematin and the charged test medium 20. About 30 seconds to one minute are allowed for solvent migration. After the solvent has radiated outwardly approximately the distance indicated in FIG. 4, the indicator reagent containing hydrogen peroxide and guaiac or other color indicator is applied to test medium 20. The guaiac colors do indicate the location of hematin 41 and hemoglobin 42 in the manner indicated.
Stool samples which contain only blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract will show color only in close proximity to the test sample dots 40. Thus, in the lower portion of FIG. 4, a showing for hematin 41 only is indicated in close proximity to the adjacent dot of fecal material 40a.
On the other hand, stool samples containing blood only from the lower gastrcintestinal tract will tend to form an area 42 extending away from dot 40b of fecal material as indicated in the center of FIG. 4. If the fecal sample contains blood originating in both the upper and the lower gastrointestinal tracts, a mixed pattern will be seen as indicated with the hematin ring 41 and hemoglobin patch 42 radiating away from fecal dot 40c.
The alternative embodiment device 100 (FIG. 5) makes it possible to incorporate a hydrogen peroxide "developer" directly into the solvent system. Alternative embodiment 100 includes a base sheet 110 which is just like base sheet 10. However, sheet 120 differs from test medium sheet 20 in that sheet 120 is a piece of plain, absorbant filter paper. It is not treated with charged particles such as the silica discussed above. It is, however, impregnated with guaiac or other indicator dye.
A large test dot 121 which is also made of filter paper is impregnated with a suspension of silica in the manner described above. It is adhered to sheet 120 by means of a solvent impermeable adhesive layer 123 (FIG. 6). A fecal sample is applied to test dot 121 through the use of a volume control sheet 130 having openings 131 identical to openings 31, which fall within the circumference of test dot 121 (FIG. 5).
The solvent 150 used in connection with alternative embodiment device 100 contains not only acetate buffer as discussed above, but also 1% hydrogen peroxide. The solvent solution is thus a solvent/developer, whereas in the first embodiment, the migration solvent 50 contains a buffer, but no peroxide.
FIG. 7 discloses yet another alternative embodiment device 200 which comprises a base sheet 210, an absorbant test medium pad 220 and a volume control cover sheet 230 (FIG. 7). Alternative embodiment 200 is designed so that a patient can use the device at home to collect a feces specimen, seal device 200 and bring it or mail it to the doctor or laboratory.
To accomplish the foregoing, pliant base sheet 210 is coated with a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive as described above, over its entire surface. A fold line 211 is provided laterally across base sheet 210, approximately in the center thereof, by scoring base sheet 210 along fold line 211. A strip of silicone coated release paper 212 is adhered along one end edge of base sheet 210 so that a user can readily grasp the cover sheet 230 along its leading edge 232 when one wants to peel cover sheet 230 off of base sheet 210.
Test medium pad 220 is adhered to the surface of base sheet 210 via the pressure sensitive adhesive. Test pad 220 is located on that half of base sheet 210 which is opposite the end where release liner tab 212 is located.
On that half of base sheet 210 located toward release liner tab 212, base sheet 210 is cut at spaced intervals along parallel lines 213 to define a test door 214. Test door 214 includes a fold line 215 scored in base sheet 210 at the base of door 214. A tab of silicone release paper 216 is placed along the end of door 214 opposite fold line 215 and a matching strip of silicone release paper 217 is located along the same edge of base sheet 210, adjacent test pad 220. In that manner, when base sheet 210 is folded shut along fold line 211, silicone release liner tabs 216 and 217 will line up and will make it possible to slip one's finger or thumb under the end of test door 214 and peel it back away from base sheet 210. Another sheet of silicone release liner 218 is placed on the surface of test door 214 which lines up with test medium pad 220 so that the adhesive on the surface of test door 214 does not peel any portion of test pad 220 away when door 214 is opened.
Test pad 220 can be made exactly like test pad 20 or exactly like test pad 120. In the former case, test pad 220 would be impregnated with silica so as to comprise a charged medium over its entire surface area. In the latter case, test pad 220 would be uncharged, but would include a test dot such as dot 121 in alternative embodiment 100 which would be charged and which would be in alignment with the volume control openings 231 in volume control cover sheet 230.
In use, volume control cover sheet 230 would initially be flat against base sheet 210, covering test door 214 and test pad 220. The patient would wipe with device 200 so that fecal material would pass through volume control openings 231 onto test pad 220. Cover sheet 230 would then be peeled away from base sheet 210 and disposed of. The user would then fold base sheet 210 in half along fold line 211, pressing the two halves against one another so that the pressure sensitive adhesive on the surface of base sheet 210 would seal base sheet 210 closed around the perimeter of test pad 220 containing the dots of fecal material.
The test pad so sealed can then be mailed in an envelope to a laboratory or doctor. The test for fecal occult blood would be conducted in either of the manners described above, depending on whether one used a charged test pad such as test pad 20, or an uncharged test pad with a charged dot such as test pad 120 and dot 121.
The material of base sheet 210 and volume control cover sheet 230 are the same as described above.
FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment test pad 320 mounted on base sheet 210 of the alternative embodiment device 200 shown in FIG. 7. It is contemplated that this combination will be the best mode for practicing the invention. Test pad 320 comprises an absorbant sheet of paper 320a which is generally rectangular in configuration (FIGS. 9 and 11). Sheet 320a is impregnated with guaiac indicator dye, also described above. Superimposed over absorbant filter paper 320a is a second rectangular sheet of filter paper 321 which is the same width as sheet 320a, but which is slightly shorter in length such that sheet 320a has an exposed upper surface at each end of sheet 321. Sheet 321 is separated from sheet 320a by a solvent impermeable barrier layer 323 which, like sheets 320a and 321 is generally rectangular in configuration, and is of the same width as sheets 320a and 321. However, solvent impermeable barrier layer 323 is slightly shorter than sheet 321 such that a portion of sheet 321 makes direct contact with sheet 320a at each of the opposed ends of sheet 321.
Sheet 321 is itself divided into two halves, half 321a which is impregnated with a suspension of charged material such as silica, as described above. Silica impregnation in half 321a is illustrated in cross section by small circles in half 321a (compare cross sections of 321a to 321b in FIGS. 8, 10 and 12). The other half 321b is not impregnated with a charged material.
When alternative test pad 320 is used in alternative embodiment device 200, the pattern of holes 231 in volume control cover sheet 230 has to be changed from a circular pattern to two parallel lines of holes. The lines of holes are spaced such that from six to ten openings will overlie each half 321a and 321b of sheet 321. Thus when a user wipes with device 200, six to ten dots of fecal material 40 will be deposited on each half 321a and 321b of sheet 321 (FIG. 9).
To determine the fecal occult blood content of the dots of fecal material 40 as applied to test pad 320, several drops of solvent/developer solution 150 are deposited generally along the centerline which divides top sheet 321 into halves 321a and 321b (FIGS. 9 and 10). As discussed above, solvent/developer 150 comprises 0.05 normal acetate buffer and 1% hydrogen peroxide in an ethanol water mixture, wherein ethanol comprises 60 to 80% of volume of the solution (FIGS. 10 and 12). As the solvent developer spreads away from the center of sheet 321, it will carry any hemoglobin present from the lower intestine towards the ends of sheet 321 and past the ends of solvent impermeable barrier 323. The hemoglobin is indicated by shading on FIG. 10. The hemoglobin will thus continue to migrate down into the guaiac impregnated lower sheet 320a where oxygen released by the hemoglobin-peroxide peroxidase reaction will immediately cause the guaiac dye to color blue. Thus blue colored patches will appear at each end of sheet 321, on the exposed ends of sheet 320a (FIG. 9).
In contrast, if the only fecal occult blood in fecal material 40 comes from the upper intestine, it will comprise hematin and other hemoglobin breakdown products which are charged. Alternatively, if only dietary blood or other dietary peroxidase is present, it will also be charged. These charged blood particles will "stick" to the silica impregnated half 321a of sheet 321. Thus, the hematin and hemoglobin breakdown products and other dietary false-positives will not migrate as the solvent/developer 150 passes through them. These materials (indicated by shading in FIG. 12) will not migrate to the left end (as viewed in FIG. 11) of sheet 321. On the other hand, both hematin and hemoglobin breakdown products will migrate through the right half 321b of sheet 321, past the end of barrier 323 and downwardly into the lower guaiac impregnated sheet 320a. Thus where blood in fecal material 40 has originated in the upper intestine, or comprises a dietary false-positive, it will create colored patches only at the right end of guaiac impregnated sheet 320a (FIGS. 11 and 12).
Of course, it is understood that the foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the invention and that various changes and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and broader aspects thereof.
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|Huiyan Guo
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|Enterix Pty Limited
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|Huiyan Guo
|Sanitary and compact fecal occult blood collector
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|Jul 21, 2005
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|Apparatus and method for analyte detection
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|Nov 2, 2006
|Jielin Dai
|Devices and methods for sample collection and analysis
|Apr 10, 2006
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|Enterix Pty Limited
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|Oct 26, 2005
|Apr 26, 2007
|Feier Liao
|Devices and methods for sample collection and analysis
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|Enterix Pty Limited
|Apparatus and method for analyte detection
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|Oakville Hong Kong Co., Limited
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|U.S. Classification
|422/421, 436/66, 436/170, 435/805, 422/70, 436/178, 436/162, 436/169, 210/198.3
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 10, 1994
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 15, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 14, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 30, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 15, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 8, 2005
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20041215


text:
Quick service. Hot delicious food. I work on a limited lunch schedule so I look for something face. They never let me down. I'm here once a week. The Beef n Broccoli is the best!
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