text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 1995
|Filing date
|Dec 9, 1992
|Priority date
|Dec 13, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Patrick Willmann, Jean-Pierre Pereira-Ramos, Rita Baddour-Hadjean, Noel Baffier
|Original Assignee
|Centre National D'etudes Spatiales
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (10), Classifications (22), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
M1 x1 M2 x2 V2 O5
Fex1 V2 O5
Alx1 V2 O5
Fex1 Alx2 V2 5
This is application is a national phase of a application PCT/FR92/01167 with publication number WO 93/12550.
The present invention relates to the use of vanadium oxide bronzes as a cathode material in electrochemical generators.
It more particularly applies to secondary electrochemical generators, whose operation is based on the intercalation of a metal ion, such as lithium in the cathode material.
For close to twenty years, the use of primary, lithium electrochemical generators has provided energy sources with better performance characteristics than conventional batteries with respect to the energy density, the life and the operation in a wide temperature range. Such primary generators are particularly used for the supply of equipment requiring low current densities, such as watches, calculators and for maintaining memories.
In view of the good performance characteristics of these primary lithium generators, much research has been carried out with a view to producing secondary lithium generators having the characteristics inherent in lithium anode batteries and the longer life of accumulators. The development of such generators involves the reversibility of the reactions at both the anode and the cathode.
In addition, much research has been devoted to investigating cathode materials able to reversibly insert metal ions such as lithium ions. Among these considerable research has been directed at those based on vanadium pentoxide V2 O5, which have high performance characteristics as a result of the standard, very high potential of V5+ and the compatibility of the oxidation potential of these materials with the stability range of the organic electrolytes conventionally used in electrochemical generators. Moreover, V2 O5 has a structure intermediate between the tunnel structure of rutile-type oxides and that of MoO3 -type oxide laminas.
The operating characteristics of a secondary electrochemical generator using V2 O5 as the electrode material will largely depend on the reversibility of the insertion reaction of a metal such as lithium (Li+) in the host lattice of the V2 O5, in accordance with the following reaction diagram:
V2 O5 +xe- +xLi30 ⃡Lix V2 O5
Thus, the aim is to obtain a good reversibility of this process and preferably for a high voltage, with a maximum faradic capacitance, i.e. a maximum lithium x insertion level over a large number of galvanostatic cycles.
With regards to the V2 O5 cycling behaviour, it is known that the constant current reduction of V2 O5 in a conventional electrolytic medium takes place in four separate stages as described by Kumagai et al in Electrochimica Acta, 28, 1983, pp 17-22.
FIG. 1 illustrates the typical V2 O5 discharge curve in propylene carbonate containing 1 mole/l of LiClO4 at 20� C. using V2 O5 at the cathode and a lithium anode.
FIG. 1, which represents the evolution of the potential as a function of the exchanged lithium quantity, shows that the first two stages of said reduction, which are characterized by a potential above 3 V and a Liy V2 O5 composition range with 0≦y≦1, corresponding to the conventional cycling of Li/V2 O5 generators for which a perfect reversibility is observed. The third range corresponds to a partial reversibility loss, whose mechanism has not been completely explained, and a complete irreversibility is observed after a deep discharge involving more than 2.4 lithium ions.
Much research has also been carried out with a view to improving the cyclability of materials similar to V2 O5 in order to bring about a greater reduction involving the third and fourth insertion stages located at 2.2 and 1.8 V. Electrode materials with a greater reduction are described e.g. by Cocciantelli et al in Journal of Power Sources, 34, 1991, pp 103-111 and in FR-A-2 655 777, as well as by Delmas et al in Journal of Power Sources, 34, 1991, pp 113-188 and WO 90/11623.
Thus, in said two documents the mass capacitance of an electrochemical generator has been increased by increasing the lithium insertion level.
Other research carried out on vanadium pentoxide-based materials has led to the production of metal oxide bronzes such as Na0.33 V2 O5 by a sol-gel process, in order to improve the performance characteristics of such materials, as described in FR-A-2 616 013.
As a result of recent research, other cathode materials based on vanadium pentoxide bronze have been developed, which have improved properties compared with V2 O5 as a result of the presence of appropriate elements.
The invention relates to an electrochemical generator comprising an anode, a cathode comprising a vanadium pentoxide-based cathode material and a conductive electrolyte containing ions which can be intercalated in the cathode material, characterized in that the cathode material is a vanadium pentoxide bronze of formula:
M1 x1 M2 x2 V2 O5
in which M1 represents the trivalent aluminium or iron, M2 represents a metal different from M1 of valency n chosen from among alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and aluminium, and x1 and x2 are such that
0.06≦x1 ≦0.13;
0≦x2 ≦0.20; and
0.27≦3x1 +nx2 ≦0.39.
In said vanadium pentoxide bronze, the presence of metal M1 (iron or aluminium) gives the cathode material an electronic conductivity well above that of V2 O5, as well as the possibility of inserting more lithium than in V2 O5.
Moreover, the possible presence in said material of a second metal M2, e.g. sodium, makes it possible to adapt the characteristics of the material to the contemplated uses applications by producing a mixed structure with two imbricated lattices, e.g. a two-phase system with the coexistence of an orthorhombic phase and a monoclinic phase.
Generally, when M2 is a metal other than Al or Fe, the quantity of M2 is low, i.e. x1 is at least 0.06.
As examples of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals which can be used for M2, reference can be made to lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
The transition metals used for M2 are the metals of periods 3 to 12 of the 18 column table of the periodic classification, i.e. scandium, yttrium, lanthanides, actinides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver and gold.
In the case of these transition metals a choice is e.g. made of iron, cobalt, copper, chromium or zirconium.
Preferably, according to the invention, use is made of a bronze of formula M1 x1 V2 O5 with M1 having the meaning given hereinbefore and x1 such that 0.09≦x1 ≦0.13 or a bronze of formula Fex1 Alx2 V2 O5 with x1 and x2 having the meanings given hereinbefore.
The bronzes used as the cathode material in the invention can be prepared by conventional processes, particularly by that described in FR-A-2 616 013.
This process consists of carrying out an ion exchange on a vanadium pentoxide xerogel in order to replace the H+ cations of said gel by M1 and optionally M2 atoms, e.g. by immersing the gel in an aqueous solution of a salt of M1 optionally containing a salt of M2. Following said ion exchange, a heat treatment is carried out at a moderate temperature chosen as a function of M1 and M2.
According to the invention, the bronze complying with the above formula is used as the cathode material in an electrochemical generator comprising a cathode, an anode and a conductive electrolyte containing ions which can be intercalated in said material.
In this generator, the anode can be based on lithium, e.g. of lithium, lithium alloy or a lithium insertion compound such as compounds based on carbon or oxide, e.g. tungsten oxide.
The electrolytes used can be liquid electrolytes, solid electrolytes or lithium ion conductive polymers.
When use is made of a liquid electrolyte, the latter can be constituted by a solution of lithium salt in an appropriate solvent, generally an organic and aprotic solvent, which can e.g. be chosen from within the group of cyclic ethers and esters having a straight chain and mixtures thereof.
As examples of an organic solvent which can be used, reference can be made to propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
The organic solvent can also be constituted by a sulphone, e.g. dimethyl sulphone, with a view to operating in the temperature range 80� to 180� C.
The lithium salts can e.g. be chosen from among lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethane sulphonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate and mixtures thereof.
When use is made of a solid electrolyte, the latter can be constituted by a lithium glass e.g. obtained from P2 S5, Li2 S and LiI or B2 S3, Li2 S and LiI.
In the case where the electrolyte is constituted by a polymer, it can be a polyethylene oxide filled with a lithium salt, like those described hereinbefore.
To be usable in the generator according to the invention, the cathode material is generally mixed with an electronic conductive material such as carbon black, graphite and/or carbon fibres or powder. In this case, it is possible to prepare the electrode by mixing a bronze powder of formula M1 x1 M2 x2 V2 O5 with carbon black, graphite and/or carbon powder or fibres, followed by the compression of said mixture to the desired form. It is also possible to deposit the mixture on a current lead e.g. constituted by an electronic conductive material grid such as stainless steel or nickel. It is also possible to mix a bronze powder according to the invention with acetylene black, graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene and then inlay said material on a stainless steel grid.
Other features and advantages of the invention can be better gathered from the following non-limitative description and with reference to the attached drawings, wherein show:
FIG. 1, already described, the discharge curve of V2 O5, i.e. the potential as a function of the number of inserted lithium ions.
FIGS. 2 to 5 are X-ray diffraction spectra of cathode materials according to the invention.
FIG. 6 Diagrammatically and in vertical section a lithium electrochemical generator according to the invention.
FIG. 7 A redox voltamperogram of the cathode material FeO0.11 V2 O5 according to the invention.
FIG. 8 A redox voltamperogram of the V2 O5 cathode material given for comparison purposes.
FIG. 9 A reduction chronopotentiogram of the cathode material Fe0.11 V2 O5 illustrating the potential as a function of the number of inserted lithium ions for curve 1, the current density is 500 μA/cm2, for curve 2 the current density is 200 μA/cm2, and for curve 3 the current density is 100 μA/cm2.
FIG. 10 The reduction chronopotentiogram for constant current density of 500 μA/cm2 of the following cathode materials: V2 O5, Al0.11 V2 O5, and Fe0.11 V2 O5.
FIG. 11 The reduction chronopotentiogram with constant current density of 40 uA/cm2 of the cathode materials V2 O5 and Fe0.11 V2 O5 used in pure form.
FIG. 12 A graph showing the specific capacitance as a function of the number of galvanostatic cycles performed in the potential range 3.7 to 1.7 V for the cathode materials: Fe0.11 V2 O5, Al0.11 V2 O5 and V2 O5.
FIG. 13 A graph showing the evolution of the specific capacitance as a function of the number of galvanostatic cycles performed in the potential range 3.8 to 2.1 V for the cathode materials V2 O5, Fe0.11 V2 O5 and Al0.11 V2 O5.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the cathode materials used in the invention.
Preparation firstly takes place of a vanadium pentoxide V2 O5 gel by acidifying a solution of a sodium salt such as sodium metavanadate in such a way as to obtain decavanadic acid, which polymerizes spontaneously in water at ambient temperature in order to give by polycondensation the vanadium pentoxide gel corresponding to the formula:
Following the deposition of the gel on a glass plate and drying in air, ion intercalation takes place in order to replace the H+ cations by iron immersing the thin vanadium pentoxide xerogel layer on the glass plate in an aqueous 0.1 mole/l iron nitrate solution. After reacting for 30 min, the xerogel plate is removed and abundantly rinsed with distilled water, followed by drying at ambient temperature. This gives the hydrated intercalatlon product of formula Fe0.11 V2 O5, 2.35H2 O. The intercalation product then undergoes a heat treatment at 535� C. for approximately 1 h in a furnace open to the air. This gives the metal bronze of formula Fe0.11 V2 O5.
FIG. 2 shows the X-ray diffraction spectrum in reflection geometry of the thin film product obtained in this way.
The spectrum obtained shows a preferred and extremely marked orientation of the 001 planes corresponding to the existence of horizontal planes stacked in accordance with the axis c. Only the lines 001 and 002 are visible with relative intensities of 100 and 27. This spectrum is typical of an alpha orthorhombic bronze phase.
FIG. 3 shows the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the ground product.
Table 1 gives the relative intensities of the diffraction lines of said thin film bronze in powder form.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________hk1 200 001 101 110 400 011 310 002 102 600 020Ground 12 100 18 43 38 12 20 15 7 7 15Thin film / 100 / / / / / 27 / / /__________________________________________________________________________
The same operating procedure as in example 1 is followed for preparing said orthorhombic bronze, except that for the intercalation of the aluminium use is made of a 0.1 mole/l aluminium nitrate solution and the heat treatment is performed at 600� C. for 1 hour.
This gives the orthorhombic bronze of formula Al0.11 V2 O5.
The X-diffraction spectra of the thin film product and the ground product are respectively shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
As in the case of iron, only the lines 002 and 001 are visible on the spectrum of the thin film product.
The metal bronzes obtained in examples 1 and 2 can be used as cathode material in the electrochemical generator of FIG. 6. For this use, a mixture of graphite and bronze powder is prepared containing 90% by weight graphite and this is compressed to the desired shape.
FIG. 6 shows that the generator comprises two metal screws 1 and 3 placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene envelope (2), between which are successively arranged an anode (5) constituted by a freshly cut, diameter 14 mm aluminium and lithium alloy LiAl disk, a glass fibre separator (7), a cathode constituted by a disk (9) with a surface of 1 cm2 and a thickness of 0.5 mm formed from a mixture of approximately 20 mg of powders containing 10% by weight bronze and 90% by weight graphite obtained previously and an electrolyte impregnating the glass fibre separator (7) and the cathode (9).
The electrolyte is constituted by a solution of lithium perchlorate in distilled propylene carbonate containing 1 mole (106.4 g) of lithium perchlorate per litre and use is made of 0.2 ml of this electrolyte for impregnating the separator (7) and the positive electrode (9).
The assembly of the two electrodes and the separator is compressed by the metal screws (1) and (3), which also serve as current collectors. The voltage of the above generator is approximately 3.5 V.
The electrochemical properties of the cathode material formed by Fe0.11 V2 O5 is tested by carrying out a voltamperometric cycling of the electrode at a speed of 0.13 mV/s. The voltamperogram obtained under these conditions and which illustrates the intensity in pA as a function of the potential in V based on Li/Li+ is shown in FIG. 7.
For comparison purposes, FIG. 8 shows the voltamperogram obtained under the same conditions when the electrode material is constituted by orthorhombic V2 O5 mixed with graphite in the same proportions.
It is clear from FIGS. 7 and 8 that the cathode material according to the invention has an excellent reversibility, which is not the case with V2 O5.
FIG. 9 shows the reduction chronopotentiograms of the cathode material Fe0.11 V2 O5 under different current densities in the potential range between 3.6 and 1.8 V, based on the electrode Li/Li+.
Curve 1 refers to a current density of 500 μA/cm2, curve 2 to a current density of 200 μA/cm2 and curve 3 to a current density of 100 μA/cm2.
The shape of the curves confirms the results obtained by the voltamperometric method. More specifically, the insertion of lithium in the cathode material according to the invention takes place in several stages. The first two stages are at an average potential of 3.1 V corresponding to the insertion of approximately 0.9 lithium ion per mole of bronze, the third stage at 2.2 V involves approximately 0.8 lithium ion per mole of bronze and the fourth at about 1.9 V corresponds to the insertion of approximately 0.5 lithium ion per mole of bronze. It is also possible to take account of a complimentary stage at about 2.9 V, where there is a slow and continuous potential drop in place of the sudden potential drop conventionally observed with V2 O5 following the insertion of one lithium ion per mole of V2 O5.
Thus, the maximum faradic capacitance available during the insertion of the lithium in the bronze Fe0.11 V2 O5 is approximately 360 Ah/kg.
The influence of the current density on the reduction signal of the bronze reveals an interesting behaviour to the extent that the shape of the signal and the faradic capacitance are not dependent on the current density in the range 100 to 500 μA/cm2.
FIG. 10 shows the reduction chronopotentiograms at a constant current density of 500 μA/cm2 (i.e. potential variations in V based on Li/Li as a function of the number of Li ions inserted per mole of material), relative to cathode materials constituted by a mixture of graphite powder and powder of V2 O5, Al0.11 V2 O5 or Fe0.11 V2 O5 incorporating 90% graphite.
In the case of iron or aluminium bronzes according to the invention there is a slow and continuous decrease of the potential between 3 and 2.2 V, a faradic balance relative to the first two stages comparable to that of V2 O5, even under high discharge conditions and the presence of a third insertion stage in the form of powerful discharge conditions, which does not exist in the case of V2 O5.
FIG. 11 shows the reduction chronopotentiograms at a constant current density of 40 μA/cm2 of cathode materials constituted solely by pure V2 O5 or pure Fe0.11 V2 O5. In this case, the faradic capacitance of the iron bronze according to the invention is much higher than that of V2 O5.
There is also an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the iron bronze in galvanostatic cycling on four reduction stages. The results are given in FIG. 12, which also shows the results obtained under the same conditions with aluminium bronze Al0.11 V2 O5 and V2 O5. These cyclings were carried out under a current density of 200 μA/cm in a potential range of 3.7 to 1.7 V including the four insertion stages.
FIG. 12 illustrates the specific capacitance as a function of the number of cycles.
The results obtained reveal the potential of iron bronze, which is a very high performance material, because 65% of the initial faradic capacitance (approximately 400 μh/kg) is still available after the thirtieth cycle (i.e. 200 μh/kg), whereas in the case of V2 O5, the specific capacitance is only 50 μh/kg, i.e. 20% of the initial faradic capacitance after 30 cycles. Therefore iron bronze has much superior performance characteristics to V2 O5.
In the same way, aluminium bronze has superior performance characteristics to V2 O5, because the specific capacitance is approximately three times that of V2 O5 after 30 cycles.
FIG. 13 shows the results obtained in galvanostatic cycling performed on only three reduction stages, i.e. between 3.9 and 2.1 V/Li/Li+ with a current density of 200 uA/cm2 on the following cathode materials: Fe0.11 V2 O5, Al0.11 V2 O5 and V2 O5.
In this case, the specific capacitance in Ah/kg is lower, but as previously for Fe0.11 V2 O5 and for Al0.11 V2 O5, it remains higher than that of V2 O5 after 30 cycles.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 3, 1985
|May 26, 1987
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Rechargeable electrochemical apparatus and positive electrode thereof
|Dec 13, 1988
|Oct 17, 1989
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Lithium secondary battery
|Jul 29, 1991
|Dec 29, 1992
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Electrochemical cell cathode material
|Mar 2, 1992
|Mar 29, 1994
|Wilson Greatbatch, Ltd.
|Method of pretreating a cathode for attaining a stable voltage upon cell assembly
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 4, 1995
|Sep 23, 1997
|Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
|Alternate synthetic method for mixed metal oxide cathode materials
|Jul 11, 1996
|Dec 23, 1997
|Bell Communications Research, Inc.
|Method for preparing mixed amorphous vanadium oxides and their use as electrodes in reachargeable lithium cells
|Nov 5, 1997
|Aug 1, 2000
|Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
|Phosphonate additives for nonaqueous electrolyte in alkali metal electrochemical cells
|Jun 2, 1999
|Mar 13, 2001
|Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
|Phosphonate additives for nonaqueous electrolyte in rechargeable cells
|Sep 23, 1999
|Nov 27, 2001
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Modified lithium vanadium oxide electrode materials and products
|Dec 19, 2000
|Dec 17, 2002
|Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
|Phosphonate additives for nonaqueous electrolyte in rechargeable electrochemical cells
|Mar 21, 2001
|Mar 25, 2003
|Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
|Electrochemical cell having an electrode with a phosphonate additive in the electrode active mixture
|Dec 22, 2011
|Aug 12, 2014
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Thermoelectric conversion material
|Apr 10, 2008
|Jan 27, 2011
|Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.)
|Iron-doped vanadium(v) oxides
|Jun 27, 1997
|Jan 22, 1998
|Bell Communications Research, Inc.
|A method for preparing mixed amorphous vanadium oxides and their use as electrodes in rechargeable lithium cells
|U.S. Classification
|429/231.2, 429/221, 429/231.5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 8, 1994
Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL D ETUDES SPATIALES, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WILLMAN, PATRICK;PEREIRA-RAMOS, JEAN-PIERRE;HADJEAN-BADDOUR, RITA;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007052/0170
Effective date: 19940615
|Mar 4, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 7, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 11, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 26, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 13, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070926


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Road near Vijay Chowk closed for public from Tuesday
New Delhi: Delhi Police on Monday issued an advisory asking motorists to avoid a road near Vijay Chowk as it will remain closed for public from tomorrow due to the VVIP movement near Parliament.
According to the traffic advisory, police said general traffic, including buses, shall not be allowed to ply on Rafi Marg between round abouts of Sunehri Masjid and Rail Bhawan.
"Due to ongoing parliament session, large number of VVIPs/motorists are visiting Vijay Chowk, Parliament House, Rafi Marg and surrounding areas. Section 144 CrPC has been imposed. Rafi Marg has been closed from 7th May onwards," Anil Shukla, Additional Commissioner of Police (Traffic), said in the advisory.
Motorists are advised to follow Janpath and Mansingh Road to cross Rajpath from North to South and South to North, he said.
General public are advised to avoid the above mentioned routes and co-operate with and follow the directions of the traffic policemen to avoid inconvenience, he said.
The advisory came hours after Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde said he has asked Delhi Lt Governor Tejinder Khanna to seek a report from Delhi Police Commissioner Neeraj Kumar on how Sikhs protesting the acquittal of Congress leader Sajjan Kumar managed to reach near Vijay Chowk and block traffic.
Several MPs had to get down from their vehicles and walk to Parliament to attend the ongoing Budget session.
According to the advisory, all buses coming from round about Sunehri Masjid may take Maulana Azad Road to Moti Lal Nehru Place and reach Janpath.
Buses coming from round about Rail Bhawan may take Raisina Road and Rajendra Prasad Road to reach Janpath and Man Singh Road, it said.
To avoid congestion because of the closure of Rafi Marg, motorists may take routes via Moti Lal Nehru Place from South of Rajpath and via round about Windsor Place from North of Rajpath to cross Rajpath and to reach their destination.
Vehicles moving towards Parliament, North Block and South Block shall be allowed to pass after due verification, Shukla said.
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18 min | Short, Comedy, Drama
A satire about a well-intentioned liberal who gets fed up with salacious local media and creates her own show dedicated to good news, inadvertently paving a path of destruction that undermines everything she stands for.
Director: Doug Hannah | Stars: Sarayu Blue, David Crane, Valerie Azlynn, Marc Evan Jackson
Votes: 6
Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule (2010– )
TV-14 | 12 min | Comedy, Talk-Show
Dr. Steve faces his deepest fears.
Directors: Tim Heidecker, Jonathan Krisel, Eric Wareheim | Stars: John C. Reilly, Tim Heidecker, Eric Wareheim, David Liebe Hart
Votes: 52
1000 Ways to Die (2008–2012)
That's 'Mister Death' to You
TV-14 | 21 min | Documentary, Comedy, Drama
A jersey chaser gets plugged;OCD stands for "of course (you're) dead";a terrorist eats himself to death;an animal abuser gets dog boned;a massage parlor patron has an unhappy ending;a bank robber loses his head.
Director: Mike Williamson | Stars: Ron Perlman, Mike Tristano, Kevin Suscavage, Pavel Bindra
Votes: 12


text:
15 Books to Empower Tween Girls
Learn about good books that will empower young girls, tweens and teens. Shop books for girls on Overstock.com.
Sign up today and activate a
Cecie Kraynak, MA, is a Spanish teacher, ESL coordinator, and author/editor of numerous Spanish books, including Spanish For Dummies. She has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years.
Spanish Grammar For Dummies is a logical extension and complement to the successful language learning books, Spanish For Dummies and 500 Spanish Verb For Dummies. In plain English, it teaches you the grammatical rules of the Spanish language, including parts of speech, sentence construction, pronouns, adjectives, punctuation, stress and verb tenses, and moods. Throughout the book, you get plenty of practice opportunities to help you on your goal of mastering Spanish grammar.
Whether you're a student studying Spanish or a professional looking to get ahead of the pack by learning a second language, Spanish Grammar For Dummies is your hands-on guide to quickly and painlessly master the written aspect of this popular language.
|FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / Spanish
|Publisher Date
|2012-05-08 00:00:00.0
|For Dummies
|Copyright Year
|10.0 in
|8.0 in
|1.0 in
|Unit weight
|1.18 lb
|Series Name
|For Dummies
|Edition Detail
|Kraynak, Cecie
|Country of Origin
|United States
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Whitmore Plaza - Detroit, Michigan
in Art Deco - Art Nouveau
The AIA Guide to Detroit Architecture by Hill and Gallagher opines that this "exceptionally fine Art Deco buidling with exotic Moorish accents is a focal point of Palmer Park."
posted by: RakeInTheCache
location: Michigan
date approved: 9/24/2015
last visited: never
6500 Woodward Ave. - Detroit, Michigan
This building is featured in the book Art Deco in Detroit by Savage and Kowalski. "Multi-colored terra cotta is used to create a stunning French Art Deco patterned detail just below the roof line as a frieze on this retail building".
Cass Motors Building - Detroit, Michigan
According to the AIA Guide to Detroit Architecture by Hill and Gallagher, this art deco building was designed as an integrated car showroom, service garage, and business office.
date approved: 9/23/2015
The Schaefer Building - Dearborn, Michigan
According to the book Art Deco in Detroit by Savage and Kowalski the art deco style used on the Schaefer Building is the "zigzag" style referring to the angular patterns.
Antiguos Almacenes de Félix Sáenz - Málaga, Spain
A beautiful Art Nouveau building in the historic center of Málaga.
posted by: razalas
location: Andalucía, Spain
date approved: 9/22/2015
Edward Everard Building, Broad Street, Bristol
Initially a print works this wonderfully ornate building is now the facade for a bank.
posted by: westy-uk
location: South West England, United Kingdom
date approved: 9/20/2015
Livraria Lello e Irmão - Poto, Portugal
Because of its unique historical and artistic value, Livraria Lello e Irmão has been recognized as one of the most beautiful bookstores in the world.
location: Porto, Portugal
date approved: 9/11/2015
last visited: 4/25/2016
Cat House Portal - Riga, Latvia
The famous Cat House in Riga, Latvia, has an elaborate Art Nouveau portal surrounding its main entrance.
posted by: Marine Biologist
location: Latvia
date approved: 9/10/2015
L'ancien "Grand Café" .Niort. France
L'ancien "Grand Café"
posted by: lulu_et_compagnie
location: Poitou-Charentes, France
date approved: 9/7/2015
last visited: 9/22/2015
Main Street Clock Tower - Kansas City, MO
A Googie clock tower along Main St. in Kansas City.
posted by: bluesnote
location: Missouri
date approved: 9/3/2015
La Salle County Courthouse -- Cotulla TX
The recently (2013) renovated La Salle County courthouse, returned to its Art Deco glory. The La Salle County courthouse is listed on the US National Register of Historic Places.
posted by: Benchmark Blasterz
location: Texas
date approved: 8/30/2015
last visited: 1/10/2016
La maison de la culture - Bourges, France
[FR] La maison de la culture est installée, depuis sa création, dans l'ancienne salle des fêtes de Séraucourt construite entre 1936 et 1938.
[EN] The former Séraucourt community center, completed in 1938, was converted into a "Maison de la Culture".
location: Centre, France
date approved: 8/28/2015
last visited: 2/23/2016
Helsinki Central Railway Station - Helsinki, Finland
The Helsinki Central Railway Station in downtown Helsinki, Finland, is of the Art Nouveau or Jugend architectural style.
location: Finland
date approved: 8/25/2015
last visited: 6/7/2016
Friedrichsplatz - Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Friedrichsplatz in Mannheim, einer der schönsten und größten Jugendstilanlagen Europas. --- Friedrichsplatz in Mannheim, one of the biggest and most beautiful art nouveau locations in Europe.
posted by: lumbricus
location: Baden-Württemberg, Germany
date approved: 8/22/2015
last visited: 6/5/2016
Angels School Supply - Pasadena, California
This Art Deco building was originally known as the United Artists Theatre. It has since been renovated and converted to a retail store.
posted by: DougK
location: California
date approved: 8/21/2015
last visited: 1/3/2015
Florin Court - London, UK
Florin Court is Art Deco residential building in London, UK.
posted by: GCEdo
location: London, United Kingdom
date approved: 8/17/2015
last visited: 7/2/2015
Kress Building - Pueblo, CO
The terra-cotta work on this Art Deco building is just stunning!
posted by: Outspoken1
location: Colorado
date approved: 8/16/2015
Kongevej Nr.4-10 - Sønderborg, Denmark
Sønderborg is often called Denmark's Art Nouveau City. The serial houses are in Art Nouveau style from 1904.
posted by: DieCacherGirls
location: Denmark
date approved: 8/12/2015
Italian Hall - Coleman, AB
One of the first commercial buildings to be erected in the new town of Coleman, it opened its doors for the first time in 1904 as a hardware store. The next time it opened its doors, in 1912, it was as the home of the Italian Benevolent Society.
posted by: BK-Hunters
location: Alberta, Canada
date approved: 8/8/2015
Arctic Gas Station - Coleman, AB
Coleman came into being in 1903 to service a new coal mine operated by the International Coal and Coke Company. This Art Deco gas station arrived on the scene in the '30s on 17th Avenue, down in the southwest corner of town.
Aux Nouvelles Galeries - Bourges, France
[FR] Après avoir été détruit par un incendie en 1928 l'édifice est reconstruit fin 1929, dans le style Art Déco. [EN] After having been destroyed by fire in 1923, the building was reconstructed at the end of 1928 in the Art Deco style.
date approved: 8/3/2015
11 Rue Moyenne - Bourges, France
[FR] Encore une façade profilée ressemblant un peu à l'art deco de Miami sur la rue Moyenne. [EN] Another streamlined art deco facade resembling those in Miami.
date approved: 8/2/2015
Ancien Magasin Vog - Bourges, France
[FR] C'est sans aucun doute le plus bel exemple de l'art déco dans un bâtiment du centre-ville. [EN] It is without a doubt, the best example of an art deco building in the city center.
6 rue Moyenne - Bourges, France
[FR] Cette façade profilée ressemble un peu à l'art deco de Miami. [EN] This streamlined facade resembles somewhat the art deco found in Miami.
Etablissements Aubrun - Bourges, France
[FR] Les Etablissements Aubrun figurent parmis les batiments Art Deco de Bourges. [EN] The Les Etablissements Aubrun building is one of several Art Deco buildings in Bourges.
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An energy-conserving luminaire series, acanthus3 uses LED or T5 fluorescent lamps to deliver high lumen output in linear direct, suspended, ceiling, and wall-mount applications.
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Whether you need to heat, cool, power, sweep, lift or reach, Sunbelt Rentals has the equipment and unlimited solutions to solve any challenge. 24/7. Nationwide.
Energy Rebate programs for 28 US states: Install Armstrong Design Envelope solutions and start saving!


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Will I Be Able To Enjoy A Comfortable Retirement?Now, more than ever before, retirees are scared to spend the money they have because they fear losing it.
It's important to have the confidence to enjoy your money now and the confidence that it will last.
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Xtreme Xperience: Exotic Supercar Racetrack Drive
Blackhawk Farms Raceway • South Beloit, IL
September 12, 13, or 14
What you get
- Three or Six Laps Around the Track
- Your Choice of a Lamborghini, Ferrari, Audi R8, Corvette C7, and More
- Reserve Your Date and Car Online!
Your regular morning commute is filled with stop-and-go traffic, but you'll be able to put the pedal to the metal and feel the thunder with a driving experience at Xtreme Xperience. Perfect for car buffs or just anyone who wants to feel like a million bucks, Xtreme Xperience puts either you or an expert driver behind the wheel for three or six laps of pulse-pounding action around a pro track.
Choose from the following offers:
• $99 ($239 value) for a three-lap ridealong in one supercar driven by a pro driver
• $139 ($239 value) to drive three laps in one supercar
• $249 ($478 value) to drive three laps in one supercar and three laps in a second supercar (six laps total)
more about the xperience
By making a reservation you will get to choose your dream car -- pick from a Ferrari F430, Lamborghini LP560, Aston Martin DBS, Audi R8, Nissan GT-R Premium, or Corvette C7 Stingray. Then head down to Blackhawk Farms Raceway, where you'll begin with a professional classroom session led by real race instructors, followed by your turn on the track.
If you chose the ride-along, get ready for three thrilling laps around the track in the passenger seat of your chosen car. This option is perfect for anyone 10 years old and up. All the cars are automatic with paddle shifting capabilities.
Fine printREFUND POLICY: This event is nonrefundable. No full or partial refunds are given to customers who miss an event. In the event of a cancellation, your voucher will be fully refunded • Options A and B: each voucher is good for 1 person • Option C: each voucher is good for 1 or 2 people • Please allow 24 hours from purchase for your voucher code to be activated • Online reservations required and subject to availability • Cancellation/re-scheduling policy of 24 hours applies; voucher subject to forfeiture • Valid only September 12, 13, or 14, 2014 • Vehicle preferences are first come first serve and based on availability • Must be 18+ with valid drivers license to drive • Must be 10+ or at least 54" and sign waiver to ride with an instructor • 6'8" max height; 350lbs max weight; height and weight requirements vary per vehicle • Track insurance is required to drive and available at www.thextremexperience.com • No insurance needed for ride-alongs • Entire value must be used in a single visit
Other conditions apply
Except where noted in the fine print:
• Cannot be combined with any other offer or promotion
• Tax and gratuity are not included
• Merchant is responsible for the quality of the products or services provided to you at redemption
• LivingSocial Terms and Conditions - https://m.livingsocial.com/terms
Xtreme Xperience: Exotic Supercar Racetrack Drive
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Spa Treatments, or Spa Treatment + Pedicure
PanIQ Room Chicago
"Infection" Escape Room Experience
Offshore Adventures
BYOB Semi-Private or Private Sailboat Cruise


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Top Definition
The combination of the odor of shit and cum throughout a small room or other venue.
After farting during oral sex, the room had a schummy smell to it.
i.e. El Pescado's room in college
i.e. El Pescado's room in college
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text:
A Study of AK106-001616 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
This study has been completed.
Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: May 14, 2009
Last updated: July 21, 2016
Last verified: July 2010
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This will be a Phase II, multi-centre study consisting of 2 parts. Part 1: Clinical Pharmacology Study (drug-drug interaction between AK106-001616 and methotrexate) Part 2: Proof of Concept Study
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Drug: AK106-001616
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Active comparator
Phase 2
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Resource links provided by NLM:
Genetics Home Reference related topics: rheumatoid arthritis
MedlinePlus related topics: Arthritis Rheumatoid ArthritisU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation:
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|May 2009
|Study Completion Date:
|July 2010
|Primary Completion Date:
|October 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Experimental: AK106-001616
Drug: AK106-001616
Part1: Dose escalation Part2: Dose expansion
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Part1: AK106-001616 and Placebo
|Drug: Placebo
Active Comparator: Active comparator
Part2: AK106-001616 and Active comparator
|Drug: Active comparator
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years (Adult)
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of RA (class I to III)
- Stable dose of methotrexate (at least 12 weeks)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Abnormal screening laboratory test values considered to be clinically significant
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00902369
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00902369
|Czech Republic
|Hlucin, Czech Republic
|Praha 2, Czech Republic
|Uherske Hradiste, Czech Republic
|Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany
|Berlin, Germany
|Hamburg, Germany
|Budapest, Hungary
|Érd, Hungary
|Vilnius, Lithuania
|Bucharest, Romania
|United Kingdom
|Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
|Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Sponsors and Collaborators
Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation
More Information
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Keywords provided by Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 30, 2016
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Kozaki T, Tagashira M, Yamanishi K, Ellis B, Kayanoki T, Ooishi R, Sugiyama K, Matsuda S, Tsuruta K, Kohira T, Tsurui K. Evaluation of drug-drug interaction between the novel cPLA2 inhibitor AK106-001616 and methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Xenobiotica. 2015;45(7):615-24. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2014.1000430. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
|Responsible Party:
|Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00902369 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|May 14, 2009
|Last Updated:
|July 21, 2016
|Health Authority:
|United Kingdom: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
Germany: Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices
Hungary: National Institute of Pharmacy
Romania: National Medicines Agency
Lithuania: State Medicine Control Agency - Ministry of Health
Czech Republic: State Institute for Drug Control
Keywords provided by Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Joint Diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Rheumatic Diseases
Connective Tissue Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases
Immune System Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 30, 2016


text:
Although Chevrolet's car portfolio may be thoroughly reworked over the next few years, changes to the bowtie brand's truck offerings may be few and far between. Here's a rough estimate of what we can expect from Chevy's truck line in the next few years.
Chevy's unusual Avalanche, which seems to blur the line between Silverado and Suburban, is currently in its second generation, but don't expect a third. Automotive News suggests the model will likely be dropped after the 2013 model year.
There's a lot of debate surrounding GM's slow-selling compact pickup. The automaker is currently working on a next-generation Colorado pickups for virtually every market except North America. Seeing as the present Colorado is slated to die after the summer of 2012, GM may have a gap in this segment. We've heard buzz that executives are currently investigating bringing a replacement stateside, or if a smaller car-based pickup, like the Brazilian Montana model, could work in the U.S.
Compact Crossover
Small crossovers are all the rage right now — is one in Chevy's crystal ball? Our Magic 8 ball gives us conflicting reports — we've heard some rumors suggesting the company is eying a crossover smaller than the Equinox, but the company has also indicated that the production Orlando — a small, seven-seat crossover smaller than the Equinox — won't be sold in North America. If GM decides to reverse course on this decision, expect a small CUV to arrive by 2013 at the earliest.
The latest iteration of Chevrolet's Equinox has been selling so well, GM can't keep up with demand. The crossover (and its GMC Terrain sibling) was introduced for the 2010 model year and isn't set for a refresh any time soon. Chevrolet will bless the Equinox with a mid-cycle facelift for the 2013 model year, and possibly a hybrid model in 2014.
GM's aging full-size vans soldier on with little change, apart from a natural gas-powered option for 2011.
Silverado 1500
GM rushed the current GMT900-based Silverado 1500 to market in 2007 and updated the trucks throughout their life cycle so far. Another update is due 2012, and may primarily hinge on the availability of natural gas powertrains. An all-new Silverado is set to debut in 2014.
Silverado 2500, 3500 HD
GM's biggest trucks were completely overhauled for 2011, although their exteriors sport few changes. Although GM continues to contemplate a larger, medium-duty Silverado offering to compete against Ford's F450 and F550, changes will be otherwise limited to natural gas options in 2012, and a facelift for either 2014 or 2015.
Tahoe and Suburban
In the name of fuel economy, GM was considering moving the next-generation Tahoe and Suburban SUVs to a modified form of its Lambda crossover architecture. That won't be the case, as it appears both models will continue to be truck based. Look for the revised SUVS, riding atop the next-generation pickup platform, to launch in 2014.
Chevrolet's Lambda-based crossover is set to receive a few minor updates in the next few years. It will get a mid-cycle facelift for the 2013 model year, and receive an updated powertrain range — including GM's direct-injection 3.0-liter V-6 as an alternative to the DI 3.6-liter V-6 — the following year.
Source: Automotive News (Subscription required)


text:
Led Zeppelin Trial Reactions: Joe Walsh, Robert Plant and More
Led Zeppelin have emerged victorious from their lawsuit, and reactions from the rock world are already coming in.
Led Zeppelin have emerged victorious from their lawsuit, and reactions from the rock world are already coming in.
Led Zeppelin's plagiarism trial over the authorship of "Stairway to Heaven" moved into its sixth day, and singer Robert Plant took the stand.
A trial to determine whether Led Zeppelin plagiarized the Spirit song "Taurus" while writing "Stairway to Heaven" continues to proceed toward its scheduled May 10 start.
Robert Plant closed out a recent visit to Austin with a performance taped for the long-running series Austin City Limits that boasted a set list encompassing many phases from his recording career.
Jimmy Page and Robert Plant shocked fans when they reunited for MTV's Unledded special in October 1994.
Led Zepplin's Robert Plant lost his five-year-old son Karac to a stomach virus on July 26, 1977.
Robert Plant is bringing his Sensational Space Shifters to this year's Lockn' Festival for a pair of very unusual headlining sets.
It's no secret that the guys in Pearl Jam are Led Zeppelin fans, or that their 1998 single "Given to Fly" owes an obvious debt to Zeppelin's "Going to California."
There must be something going around among members of the British rock aristocracy, because three of its most prominent members have recently been forced to postpone tour dates.
Can we all agree that Robert Plant is the king of classic rock yet?


text:
You picked up some great equipment for your shellie tank.
When in doubt, do a water change.
"This ain't rocket science!"
Forum Rules
Two stacked aquariums available for local pick up
Fully equipped with lights, covers, penguin ...
I am in the label printing business and I have a
salt water aquarium. I cam up with these labels
and ...
Welcome to Aquarium Home Farm Center, a
professional breeder of the Dragon Fish, the Asian
Red Arowa ...


text:
The snowy solitude of winter creates a serene landscape in National Parks all over America and the cold ensures fewer people jostling to take in the views. In fact, you may just have the entire park to yourself. At the other end of the spectrum are the warmer climate parks, offering a welcome reprieve from the chill. Whether you're wishing for a winter wonderland, or a winter escape, check out our picks for the 10 best national parks to visit this winter.
Photo Credit: Christopher Jackson/Shutterstock
Where: Colorado
For wintertime mountain majesty, Rocky Mountain National Park wins with more than 60 snow-capped peaks above 12,000 feet. The park is a haven for cold-weather fanatics who come for the world-class ice climbing, winter mountaineering, snowshoeing, and skiing. The Moraine Park, Longs Peak, and Timber Creek campgrounds are open all year, and Rocky is one of the few national parks that allows backcountry camping in the winter.
Insider Tip: The Colorado snowpack is naturally avalanche-prone. Get a free backcountry permit for camping overnight, and check with rangers for area closures before heading out.
Plan Your Trip: Visit Fodor's Rocky Mountain National Park Guide
Related Links:
10 Best National Parks To Visit This Winter
15 Festivals to Attend Before You Die
America's 15 Best Indie Coffee Shops
Photo Credit: Songquan Deng/Shutterstock
Where: Utah
The otherworldly rock formations of Bryce Canyon draw more than 1 million visitors a year, most of whom come in droves every season except winter. However, the hoodoos-iconic red rock spires-look the most dramatic when topped by a heap of snow. Expect a chill, though the park's daytime temperature rarely drops below freezing thanks to its desert location.
Insider Tip: Winter's crisp, dry air makes stargazing particularly vivid. Bryce Canyon offers free ranger-guided full moon snowshoe hikes and winter astronomy sessions.
Plan Your Trip: Visit Fodor's Bryce Canyon National Park Guide
Photo Credit: holbox/Shutterstock
Where: Florida
Most popular during the winter thanks to mild temperatures, less humidity, and far fewer mosquitos, the Everglades is a great winter escape. Plus, water levels drop in the dry winter season, drawing animals like the gray fox and the white-tailed deer out to the remaining watering holes for optimal wildlife viewing. The Florida panther is still a long shot to spot, but crocodiles and alligators abound.
Insider Tip: Already a birding hotspot, Everglades is best in winter as migratory birds settle in for the season. Walk Anhinga Trail at any time of day for ample sightings of wading birds and more.
Plan Your Trip: Visit Fodor's Everglades National Park Guide


text:
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text:
"If it's a photo-centric project, you can do the layout in Photoshop, but if it's illustration-centric, use something like Illustrator."
Related quotes
"We're starting to make some marks in the right direction on the road. The layout of the land behind us is what it is. We can't change that. We can change what's in front of us."
"I like the track. I've never been on the NASCAR layout, but most of it is what we used last year and I know I liked that. I'm going there because I want to win the race. We need to win in order to keep the championship fight open. I am going to Mexico with that goal."
"Although the most common symbols found on a dashboard conform to international symbols, the layout might be very different .... ignoring an unfamiliar warning light -- even if the car seems to be performing normally -- could cost you thousands."


text:
Jean E. Prestage, 92
Jean E. Prestage, 92, of Allegan passed away on Saturday, May 21, 2016, at Allegan County Medical Care Community. Mrs. Prestage was born Sept. 13, 1923, the daughter of the late Glenn D.
Jean E. Prestage, 92, of Allegan passed away on Saturday, May 21, 2016, at Allegan County Medical Care Community. Mrs. Prestage was born Sept. 13, 1923, the daughter of the late Glenn D.
Ardeth "Ardie" Brenner (Heckman), 92, of Kalamazoo passed away on May 17, 2016, with her family by her side.
Barbara Ruth Roberts, 92, of Brighton, passed away peacefully at her home early Monday morning, May 16, 2016. Born on Aug.
Eleanor Helen Hooker, 93, of Allegan, passed away May 6, 2016. She was born March 11, 1923, to Daniel and Helen (Goyns) Stanchik in Birmingham, Mich.
Gloria M. Gates, 86, of Allegan passed away Saturday, May 14, 2016, at Allegan Country Estates in Allegan. Mrs.
Betty Lindsley, 83, of Allegan passed away Saturday, May 7, 2016 at her home.
Virginia Pitsenbarger Agne, 88, of Plainwell passed away May 2, 2016. Virginia was born to Esther Smoot Pitsenbarger and Clarence Edward Pitsenbarger on April 15, 1928.
Jane Alice "Janie" Latham, 55, of Eaton Rapids passed away Saturday, April 30, 2016, at Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center in Detroit.
L.V. "Pete," Baugus, 82, passed away Sunday, May 1, 2016, at Ely Manor in Allegan. Mr. Baugus was born Aug. 24, 1933, in Savannah, Tenn., the son of the late William and Lettie (Smith) Baugus.
Anna-Mae E. Anderson, 88, passed away Monday, April 18, 2016, at Ely Manor Nursing Home. She was born Aug. 17, 1927, in Chicago, Ill., the daughter to Harry A. Easley and Laura B.
Kaechele Publications, Inc.
231 Trowbridge St.
P.O. Box 189
Allegan, MI 49010
Phone: 269-673-5534
Fax: 269-673-5535
The Union Enterprise
P.O. Box 417
Plainwell, MI 49080
The Commercial Record
3217 Blue Star Hwy.
P.O. Box 246
Saugatuck, MI 49453
269-857-8187 or 269-857-4637


text:
Rihanna is suing her former accountants claiming they messed up her finances and earned huge commissions from concert tours that resulted in her losing millions of dollars.
In the lawsuit filed in Manhattan federal court, the 24-year-old singer and her tour company, Tourihanna, are seeking an unspecified amount of compensatory damages and loss of earnings from accounting firm Berdon LLP and former employees Michael Mitnick and Peter Gounis.
The suit, filed late Tuesday (July 3), claims they caused "significant financial losses" between 2005 and 2010 by charging "exorbitant" commissions from Rihanna's 2010 "Last Girl on Earth Tour." It also accuses Berdon of mishandling Rihanna's foreign and domestic taxes and failing to monitor unpaid song royalties.
"Between 2005 and 2010, Tourihanna suffered significant losses due to defendants' financial mismanagement and other acts and omissions," the lawsuit said.
Rihanna, whose real name is Robyn Fenty, is referred to in the suit as a financial novice who found fame at a young age and relied heavily on her accountants. Her music management introduced her to Berdon in 2005 when she was a 16-year-old and "a minor with a booming music career and no knowledge or understanding of financial matters whatsoever."
The lawsuit said the accountants concealed facts regarding her finances, and in a deal Rihanna's lawyers called unusual, earned commissions based on a percentage of Rihanna's gross receipts which were "exorbitant and expensive." In addition, the firm assumed control over the singer's affairs beyond the industry standard and failed to maximize her personal net worth and long term wealth, the lawsuit said.
The lawsuit also said several of the Barbados-born singer's national and international tours between 2005 and 2010 suffered losses compared to her last tour "Loud" that was a financial success after she had parted ways with Berdon.
Rihanna claims in the lawsuit that she lost millions of dollars during "The Last Girl On Earth" tour after the firm failed to reconcile costs vs. revenues while still paying itself millions in fees. She estimates that between 2007 and 2010, the accountants earned millions in commissions on tour gross receipts in an amount equaling 23 percent of total tour income, compared to 6 percent for Rihanna.
The firm did not do monthly planning reports, and performed little record-keeping of Rihanna's personal and business expenses, including those for Tourihanna, according to the suit. For example, during 2008 and 2009, the accountants kept only 2 percent to 4 percent of all receipts for expenses charged on the singer's personal credit card, the suit said.
It also failed to uncover millions in unpaid royalties and problems with the way in which Universal Music Group (UMG) label Recordings was tracking song royalties. The suit did not mention Rihanna's direct label, Def Jam, also owned by UMG.
Accountants mishandled foreign and domestic taxes by withholding more funds than necessary, leading to "a significant losses of tax benefits" and failed to file taxes on time, causing late penalties.
The singer further claims that as a result the IRS is now auditing her because Berdon mishandled tax returns between 2008 and 2010. The suit includes claims of breach of contract, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment.
This Week's Celebrity Instagrams (9/17-9/23)
This Week's Celebrity Instagrams (9/17-9/23)
1. Teyana Taylor1 of 28
2. Ciara2 of 28
3. Alicia Keys3 of 28
4. Nas4 of 28
5. Tina Lawson5 of 28
6. Meagan Good6 of 28
7. Chris Brown7 of 28
8. Faith Evans8 of 28
9. PJ Morton9 of 28
10. Aja Naomi King10 of 28
11. Lil' Kim11 of 28
12. Terrence J12 of 28
13. Brandy13 of 28
14. Tamar Braxton14 of 28
15. Adrienne Bailon15 of 28
16. Ludacris16 of 28
17. Evelyn Lozada17 of 28
18. Evelyn Lozada18 of 28
19. Gabrielle Union19 of 28
20. Gabrielle Union20 of 28
21. Ruben Studdard21 of 28
22. Ruben Studdard22 of 28
23. Rihanna23 of 28
24. Rihanna24 of 28
25. Yandy Smit25 of 28
26. Yandy Smit26 of 28
27. Lance Gross27 of 28
28. Lance Gross28 of 28
One thought on "Rihanna Sues Former Accounting Firm"
You can let somone one do your biz but do not give them total control


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post5839383173767243100..comments2016-08-23T01:39:20.228-07:00Comments on Adventures in Babywearing: The Book FairStephanie Precourthttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-34505015937060012192014-03-12T23:42:15.733-07:002014-03-12T23:42:15.733-07:00How was the book? Was it worth all 748 pages? Sid...How was the book? Was it worth all 748 pages?

Side Note: I've always wanted to be in a book club.Stephaniehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-3398009907959021212014-02-15T05:30:24.215-08:002014-02-15T05:30:24.215-08:00Happy for you!!Happy for firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-4025740872966340492014-02-14T08:06:10.791-08:002014-02-14T08:06:10.791-08:00I love hearing how happy you are :)I love hearing how happy you are :)Idaho Jillhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-17394586317312483732014-02-13T15:37:14.813-08:002014-02-13T15:37:14.813-08:00"Funny how quickly you heal from the struggle..."Funny how quickly you heal from the struggles to get to your happy place when you get to your happy place." I want to print this out. Currently on a journey to get happy and that place is on the west coast too. :)Sheena @ Sophistishehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-13965169797714583282014-02-13T15:06:25.448-08:002014-02-13T15:06:25.448-08:00PS Not sure if I can get through the Big Book...al...PS Not sure if I can get through the Big Book...already started a different one...but thinking of going back and trying again. Its a toughy for me. Gina Morellihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-82233095271207413942014-02-13T15:04:12.536-08:002014-02-13T15:04:12.536-08:00i agree living here is a dreamy little life of sim...i agree living here is a dreamy little life of simple things that all add up to more than I could ever ask for. I would rather be here than in a big city although I love going to visit big cities once in a while! Coming home to our little town is always a happy thing. Jade is growing up happy, in nature and no traffic jams :) Gina Morellihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-55274549943834984612014-02-13T14:34:56.743-08:002014-02-13T14:34:56.743-08:00Oh...I love your new life....and I hope I didn'...Oh...I love your new life....and I hope I didn't say no to books you wanted as a child....and that picture looking out your bedroom is spectacularMimi's Toeshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-20266288.post-39673974351426151712014-02-13T14:34:45.330-08:002014-02-13T14:34:45.330-08:00Oh...I love your new life....and I hope I didn'...Oh...I love your new life....and I hope I didn't say no to books you wanted as a child....and that picture looking out your bedroom is spectacularMimi's Toeshttp://email@example.com


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Skip to comments.Felicette, the Fantastic Flying Feline of France
Posted on 10/23/2013 3:09:43 PM PDT by Slings and Arrows
The race into outer space was rocketing ahead at full throttle in the 1960s with the worlds two great superpowers running neck and neck in this impassioned contest for cosmic bragging rights. Humankind had surpassed all of its inner atmospheric goals and was ready to leap forward into the last great frontier. Man and beast have always worked well together in pushing back pesky perimeters and confining constraints, with beast often leading the way. The journey into the great unknown of space was no different, with hundreds of animals preceding astronauts and cosmonauts into space, testing the environment and delivery vehicles to ensure human safety.
The Soviet Union enlisted the aid of dogs for trial runs of space systems, while the United States favored the more humanlike chimpanzees and monkeys. The little dog Laika and the gregarious chimp Hamm became the stars of early space exploration, with Laika earning the title of the first living being in orbit, and Hamm proudly completing a test run in the Mercury capsule. But where were those most clever cats while the Soviet and American space agencies were monkeying around and eyeing the moon? Did they get left out in the cold of space exploration?
The Sahara Desert is far from cold, and in the 1960s, it was home to Frances Hammaguir launch facility in Algeria. France was launching rockets from Hammaguir as far back as 1952, and in the early 60s, the Centre dEnseignement et de Recherches de Médecine Aéronautique (CERMA), began experimenting on the biological effects of space flight. With mutts and chimps already basking in the limelight of astronautical stardom, it was time for the advent of a new flying hero: Felicette the Cat.
The black and white feline was a stray whisked off of the streets of Paris. One day scrounging for food out of garbage bin, and the next serving as Frances astrocat, surrounded by fanfare and state-of-the-art high-tech gadgetry. Felicette reported for duty with several other strays, and after strenuous examinations that included time in a centrifuge, it was decided that she was the perfect choice to join canines and primates in the chronicles of space exploration.
October 18th, 1963 was the date set for Felicettes launch. Electrodes were attached to her skull to measure neurological impulses for CERMA while Felicette rocketed through the sky. Sealed into the nose cone atop a Veronique rocket, flight number AGI47 blasted Frances newest space hero into the blue for a ride that achieved an altitude of 96 miles for a suborbital flight (50 miles is considered to be the barrier of space). After reaching apogee, the Veroniques nose cone separated and parachuted back to earth, with an onboard radio beacon guiding Felicettes ground crew to her recovery site.
Felicettes history-making rocket ride contributed valuable information to Frances space program, and earned her the honor of being the only cat to have ventured into outer space and live to meow about it. Sadly, six days later, in a bid to become the second feline to visit the final frontier, one of her associate astrocats reminded us all just how dangerous and risky space travel truly can be. The brave little space adventurer died on impact when the recovery system on the space capsule failed.
France never developed a space program worthy of challenging NASA or its Soviet counterpart, which factors into why Felicette never got her due. Appearing on postage stamps, the legend of Laika the space dog lives on in the memory of many, and NASAs monkeys were the darlings of the press. The media outside of France largely ignored Felicette, but nevertheless, the fearless feline was happy enough to be the first and only astrocat, retiring quietly into the annals of space history.
Old article, but interesting. Thanks to Gefn for the link!
So what is it you're not accomplishing because you think you can't do it?
All the while this smarter cat had to be kidnapped off the streets and forced into the rocket...........So which species is truly the smartest?
That's not fear. That's intelligence. What smart creature wants to get shoved into a little box only to have some strange big critter jab needles Into her?
Yup. That's EXACTLY why my kitties don't like being put into the carrier and going for a ride. They know that at their destination they're going to be poked and prodded and possibly even sliced open!
cats are smart.
smarter than people.
Obamacare is the people equivalent of being stuffed in a little box and carted off to get needles poked into you at the vet
now this is the cat we need to deal with the jihadists.
it can swoop down on them....without their every noticing the BACON...until it's just Too Late!
Very interesting, thanks for posting this.
God I hate cats. But I hate extreme alliteration even more.
We'll have to take her from the French first, so add a troop of Girl Scouts and 15 minutes to your plans.
My pleasure.
Oh that gif is so stolen!
Already is. ;^)
Wow! That cat is very smart!
What I thought was interesting about the article was this happened 50 years ago last week.
My kitty gets car sick. I can't imagine the stomach this kitty had,
The article doesn't say how many scientists found "presents" in their shoes when Felicette returned, but I have my suspicions.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Match Reviews
After their unbeaten start to the campaign was ended by Chelsea last weekend, Arsenal's u18 side returned to winning ways in emphatic style with a fantastic 5-0 thrashing over Leicester City on Saturd... [Read More]
Arsenal's u23 side bounced back to winning ways in impressive style at Stamford Bridge on Friday evening, with a hard-fought 2-1 victory over Adi Viveash's side. [Read More]
Dear Arsene, You've really outdone yourself this time. Yes, we are two games into the season and we are already 5 points adrift of the two Manchester clubs. It could hardly get any worse, but th... [Read More]
Arsenal travelled to Leicester knowing that if they were to stop an implosion in their fanbase, they dare not lose. [Read More]
Before we get to covering how this match played out, a number of qualifiers have to be pointed out in order to put everyone's performance into perspective. [Read More]
By Walter Broeckx So we are nearing the end of another season. A season that if you only used what is being said on social media as your source of new, sees us finishing in the bottom three. The worst... [Read More]
Tuesday night was important for the club in more ways than one: the headline grabber was West Ham signing off at Upton Park with a win over Manchester United that guaranteed Champions League football ... [Read More]
Danny Welbeck came off the bench to score the only goal on Saturday as Arsenal beat Norwich City at the Emirates Stadium and went third in the Premier League. A pre-match positive was seeing Santi Caz... [Read More]
Arsenal flattered to deceive at Sunderland on Sunday afternoon, drawing 0-0 after a few half-chances, some minor scares, and a penalty appeal for each side. [Read More]
Aaron Ramsey came into midfield to partner Mohamed Elneny while Per Mertesacker and Olivier Giroud replaced Gabriel and Danny Welbeck in the side. It didn't take long for the new midfield to lin... [Read More]


text:
Jose Machado and Daniela Pelaez tell NBC 6 what the immigration change means to them. President Obama said he would halt the deportation of undocumented youth and allow a way for them to seek work permits.
at 1:44 PM GMT on Jun 16, 2012 | at 3:00 PM GMT on Jun 16, 2012


text:
Magistrate: Drunken driver wrecked going over 100 mph, killing passenger
by: Tom Jones Updated:
JONESBORO, Ga. - A Clayton County Magistrate Judge says a man accused of driving more than 100 mph and causing a crash that killed his friend shouldn't have been behind the wheel.
Clayton County police said he had been drinking and drove 113
Eddie Alexander, 20, was ejected and died.
A witness said he ran over and tried to help that night.
"I'm like, 'Are you OK? Are you OK? He's like, 'He's fine.' And I'm asking if anybody was with him and he said he had somebody else with him," witness Antonio Campbell said.
Campbell said Alexander's body was several feet away.
As Robinson made his first court appearance, Judge Richard Brown explained the charges he faces.
"That you operated a vehicle at speeds in excess of 90 mph," Brown said, reading from the criminal arrest warrant.
Robinson had missed a court
Campbell said he was driving home from work the night of the crash.
"I just seen somebody flying past me," Campbell said.
He said the next thing he knew, t
"First thing I tried to do was try to rip the door open," he said.
Campbell said Robinson was still in the SUV with his seat belt on.
Police said Robinson told them he and Alexander had been at a party and Robinson had been drinking beer and an unknown quantity of Jagermeister, which is 70-proof liquor.
Robinson does not face any alcohol-related charges despite that admission.
Robinson's mother said she has medical records that prove her son wasn't drinking that night. She said this is just a tragic accident and charges shouldn't have been filed.
The judge denied bond for Robinson.
Magistrate: Drunken driver wrecked going over 100 mph, killing passenger
Man accused of raping 2 women claims he's innocent because he's gay
Surveillance video from convenience store appears to show man beating child
El Cajon, California, police shooting: What we know now
Man shot while practicing self defense drills with loaded gun


text:
Red Mountain Mining Receives More Exploration Results From Lobo Gold Project In Philippines 0 commentsFeb 24, 2014 5:38 PM
Red Mountain Mining (ASX:RMX) has completed further drilling at the Lobo project, part of the Philippines based Batangas Gold Project.
A total of eight, shallow, triple-tubed diamond drillholes have been completed during the initial stages Red Mountain's ongoing exploration program, totaling 311.4 metres to date.
The South West Breccia lode extension was confirmed returning an intersection of 1.5 metres at 8.07 g/t gold from 5.25 metres downhole.
This also included 0.5 metres at 12 g/t gold.
Red Mountain's managing director Jon Dugdale said, "These results are very preliminary in a much larger drilling program.
"We are now fully funded to complete a significant body of exploration in this area, which will allow us to complete the systematic testing of all high-grade lode targets identified to date."
More detail
The lode intersections are approximately true width and the company is waiting for the remaining results from these holes.
Drilling will continue to the north and south of this section with the objective of defining further gold Mineral Resources.
Four holes have been completed at the South West Breccia Extended Zone, and four holes have been completed in the Trench 7-Trench 10 area.
At South West Breccia Extended three drillholes were completed on section 10,110N, testing under Trench 21 (6m at 31.2 g/t Au released 12 February 2014).
Down dip extensions of the mineralised lode, intersected by all three holes, are interpreted to be an obliquely down faulted repeat of the main South West Breccia lode to the northeast.
The lode intersections are approximately true width and the company is waiting for the remaining results from these holes.
Drilling will continue to the north and south of this section with the objective of defining further gold Mineral Resources.
Results received for 6m deep Trench 20, which intersected the quartz-barite-sulphide lode half way between Japanese Tunnel and Trench 7 (Section 9,925N, 10,000E), included an incomplete intersection of 1m at 2.9 g/t Au.
The Trench 20 result indicates a link between the Japanese Tunnel lode and the Trench 7 lode, a strike length of approximately 70m, the same strike length as the South West Breccia Mineral Resource.
Drilling is currently being planned to systematically test the entire zone from Japanese Tunnel to Trench 7, at sufficient depth to avoid alluvial channels, with the objective of defining a gold Mineral Resource.
Drilling is also planned to test for the continuation of the Trench 13 lode (2.6m at 28.6 g/t Au released 7 January 2014), that may continue under overlying limestone immediately to the south west.
About the Lobo Project
Surface trench channel sampling and drilling conducted by Red Mountain has intersected high-grade epithermal gold mineralisation in five areas on the Lobo Mineral Production Sharing Agreement.
Mineral Resources have been defined for the SWB shoot, totaling Indicated and Inferred 194,000t at 7.2 g/t gold for 45,000 ounces of gold.
This includes an Indicated Resource of 178,000t at 7.4 g/t Au for 42,000 ounces of gold and an Inferred Resource of 16,000 tonnes at 5.3 g/t gold for 3,000 ounces of gold.
The Company is focussed on increasing high grade Mineral Resources through discovery of new, high grade, gold zones at Lobo.
Drilling has commenced testing under recent, exceptionally high-grade gold trenching results from within the 500m long South West Breccia Lode south corridor on the Lobo MPSA.
Exploration Targets have been defined for the Japanese Tunnel and Pica prospects and a continuous program of soil sampling, mapping, surface trenching and now drilling continues with the objective of defining targets for drilling to define additional high-grade Mineral Resources on the Lobo Prospect.
Proactive Investors Australia is the market leader in producing news,articles and research reports on ASX "Small and Mid-cap" stocks with distribution in Australia, UK, North America and Hong Kong / China.Back To Proactive Investor's Instablog HomePage »
Instablogs are blogs which are instantly set up and networked within the Seeking Alpha community. Instablog posts are not selected, edited or screened by Seeking Alpha editors, in contrast to contributors' articles.Full index of posts »
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text:
Pittsburgh Speaker Series
Before each speaker visits Heinz Hall as part of the Pittsburgh Speakers Series, they do a brief telephone interview with WQED FM's Jim Cunningham.
@the Symphony
Conductors, soloists and composers involved in making great Pittsburgh Symphony performances talk about their music.
September 15, 2016
Manfred Honeck
July 19, 2016
Andres Franco - Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra Mixer
June 16, 2016
Giancarlo Guerrero
June 16, 2016
Noah Bendix-Balgley and Manfred Honeck
May 16, 2016
Martin Grubinger
May 16, 2016
Carolyn Friedrich
May 11, 2016
Manfred Honeck
Around Town
Insights and anecdotes from musicians, dancers, artists, actors and directors, as well as audience response.
September 19, 2016
Andres Cardenes and Dmitri Papadimitriou
September 14, 2016
Margaret Forbes
September 12, 2016
Johnstown Symphony Music Director James Blachly
September 9, 2016
Dan Sonenberg & Sam Helfrich - Pittsburgh Opera's "The Summer King"
September 8, 2016
David Allen Wehr
September 7, 2016
Edward Leonard and Chris Massa
September 1, 2016
Nikesha Moore and Natasha Scaife


text:
What does TTSA stand for?
TTSA stands for Trinidad and Tobago Scientific Association
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of TTSA
Other Resources:
We have 8 other meanings of TTSA in our Acronym Attic
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
- « Previous
- Next »
- Three Tip Sage
- Tinguely Transports SA (Switzerland)
- ToonTown Secret Agents (fansite)
- Top That Spy Academy (UK)
- Topological Trade Scheduler Algorithm
- Tourism Training South Australia
- Trainer Tactical Software Activity
- Transition Training Squadron Atlantic (Fleet; US Navy)
- Travel and Tourism Satellite Account
- Trinidad and Tobago Sailing Association
- Trinidad and Tobago Squash Association
- TUKS Tourism Student Association (South Africa)
- Two Tube Series Amplifier
- Time To See A Doctor
- Truck Training Schools Association of Ontario (Ontario, Canada)
- Toyota Tsusho South Africa Processing
- Technology Transfer Security Assistance Review Board
- Tactical Theater Signal Battalion (US Army)
- Take That Spina Bifida
- Tatchi Trading Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia)


text:
United Blood Services Now Testing For Zika
If you've traveled to Latin America recently, you no longer have to wait to donate blood when you return to the Valley. The Rio Grande Valley's blood bank is now testing donations for the Zika virus — in line with new FDA regulations issued in August. Prior to that, people who had traveled to countries […]
Police Shooting Victim Was Pointing E-Cigarette
(AP) – Police say it was a 4-inch-long electronic smoking device that a black man pointed at a Southern California police officer who shot and killed him. El Cajon police said Wednesday night that they recovered the vaping device consisting of a cylinder and a box that 38-year-old Alfred Olango was holding when he was […]
Philippines' Duterte To Scrap Future War Games With US
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I share your frustration with contractors. As a lender, it falls on us to ensure the documentation from the contractor conforms to FHA requirements. Not sure why the bank requires you to use a a specific list of contractors. One of our biggest problems with the 203k program is the quality of the contractor. We don't require the buyer to use a specific contractor so our experience is that homeowners generally like to pick someone that will give them a great deal, often a relative or a friend. That usually does not work out well for the homeowner or us because the process requires significant documentation that many "handymen" are not used to providing.
My recommendation is that you select a contractor from a larger company that will want to ensure the work is done right and the customer is satisfied because they have more to lose if this is not the case. I usually encourage my borrowers to speak with Home Depot and Lowes because they have developed a list of 203k contractors that meet their high standards for quality and customer service (and of course who also buy materials at their stores). No contractor would want to have Home Depot get bad feedback on their performance so we see the customer service to be particularly good with these contractors. Additionally since many 203k projects also involve new appliances these home centers really become a one stop shop for everything.
As the lender, I like them because I know the contractor has been through the 203k drill before and knows what paperwork is required, how to ensure they get paid on time and ultimately that they want to keep both the buyer and the lender happy for the prospect of future business.
Don't give up on the 203k loan, it is a solid product. Given your experience thus far, I would ask your loan officer to allow you to select your own contractor and if he or she balks at that, I would consider another lender. Your appraisal is transferable so there is little downside to moving forward with someone else. Feel free to contact me if I can help you in a way. Hang in there, it will get better...
Timothy Brown
LPO Manager | Evolve Bank & Trust
11605 Haynes Bridge Road Suite 125| Alpharetta, GA 30009
678.468.5626 x110 | fax 678.935.1156 | cell 678.467.9959
I'm sorry to hear that you are having some difficulty finding a contractor with whom you feel comfortable.
My company, Southstar Construction, is a licensed general contractor operating in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We do bid and perform projects for home buyers who are using bank financing.
I would be more than happy to have an informal conversation with you about your project needs.
Give me a call or email me today.
Kendall Jenrette
Southstar Construction & Remodeling
Managing Principal
Phone: 404-587-1910
Email: email@example.com
Prospect Mortgage is the 2nd largest volume FHA 203K lender in the country and we are a direct lender. We are one of the few lenders that offers both the Streamline and Consultant versions of the 203K program. Most that offer 203K's are limited to only the Streamline option.
We do not give any contractor references though. Your contractor just needs to be licensed and insured. A HUD Consultant or your real estate agent would a good source for a contractor. You can use up to 3 contractors for the Streamline and the Consultant version must have one GC used.
Unlike most companies that offer 203K, we have our own in-house draw department. That is key for your experience after closing. Working with a loan officer who is very familiar with the 203K is critical.
Rodney Mason, NMLS #151088
Sr Loan Officer
Prospect Mortgage
825 Juniper St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308
Office: (404) 591-2453
Apply Online at http://www.rodneymason.com
Licensed in Alabama & Georgia
Prospect Mortgage offers a full selection of mortgage programs including:
Conventional | FHA | FHA 580-639 FICO | FHA 203K Renovation (Streamline & Consultant) | HomePath® | HomePath® Renovation | HomeStyle Renovation | VA | USDA | GA Dream | Jumbo Financing
Some function pretty well, others not so much ;)
As long as the contractor is licensed and insured they should be able to work your 203K renovation. They should take 3 -4 days max to return an estimate unless your project requires drawings.
Depends on the job and the location, but I know plenty of good contractors. You can also check out 203KContractors.com for some companies trained on the product.
If you are doing a consultant 203K then choose your HUD Consultant WISELY. Not all are created equal. I have several posts on my website about contractor and consultant selection.