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Interview: Kim Spradlin talks 'Survivor: One World'
New 'Survivor' winner talks about her dominant season
It says a lot about Kim Spradlin that although few fans are describing "Survivor: One World" as one of the CBS' franchise's better installments, it's easy to find viewers eager to call Kim's season one of the game's finest performances.
For 39 days, Kim crushed the competition, dominating "Survivor: One World" socially, strategically and physically.
She built an all-female alliance on Day One and stuck with it to the end.
When the Merge arrived with equal gender numbers, she manipulated and maneuvered to turn the men on themselves and soon orchestrated the systematic elimination of the opposite gender.
And as Individual Immunity became more and more important, Kim emerged as a challenge juggernaut.
Despite pulling the strings on every level -- Troy departed telling everybody they needed to get her out -- Kim was never in serious jeopardy and the game ended with her holding a Hidden Immunity Idol she never needed to use.
In previous exit interviews, her Final Three rivals Sabrina and Chelsea have both agreed Kim deserved to win.
In her exit interview, Kim discusses her strategy for the season and why she thought the Jury results would be even closer than 7-2. She also explains her shock at capping off the memorable season by winning America's Player as well.
Click through for the full Q&A.
HitFix: I was just talking with Sabrina and she said that you guys had discussed it and you thought the vote might be closer than it was. Why did you think that?
Kim Spradlin: I think for me, I walked away from the final Tribal Council feeling really good about the votes and then over time, you have seven or eight months to think about it and I just, all of a sudden in the last couple months, it just seemed too obvious that I was going to win and I started to think that I hadn't won. Then you start hearing rumors and I just kinda expected that maybe Sabrina had... There were some people that I knew had voted for me for sure. There were some people that I knew had voted for her -- Troy and Leif. And then I felt like there were some people in the middle who could have gone one way or the other, so it turns out they didn't, which is awesome.
HitFix: Both Chelsea and Sabrina were very open and frank about how you deserved your win. Would you have been as gracious to them if one of them had won?
Kim: You know, I think I'd prepared myself. I've been saying all along that this is a game and it's what makes "Survivor" unique is that the person who sits there at the end technically did win the game and played the best game. So if Sabrina wins last night? She played a better a better game than I did. I overplayed and whatever you want to say. I was hoping and trying to get there for sure and wanting to be able to say the same thing today.
HitFix: You started to hint at it there: What would have been the reason why Sabrina would have won? What would have been the reason why Chelsea would have won?
Kim: I always thought Chelsea could be the JT to my Stephen, if you know what I mean. She was the straight-shooting country girl and she had a hard time and played a little more with her heart and not so much with her head and so I felt like if people were incredibly bitter, they would vote for her in the end. With Sabrina, honestly, I underestimated Sabrina, obviously, walking into that final Tribal Council. I thought Chelsea was my competition and was surprised to see that those other votes were going Sabrina's way. So she obviously made some good connections with people as well. I think Sabrina was incredibly well-spoken during Tribal Council and thought a lot more about that, her social game, than I did, because I sat at Tribal Council and tried to be incredibly quiet and didn't want to be called out on a lot of stuff. So I think overall she ended up looking very well-spoken and diplomatic throughout the entire season.
HitFix: Those Final Tribals, often they end up as loud griping sessions.
Kim: Totally.
HitFix: What were you able to read from the tone as you guys sat there and faced the Jury?
Kim: I was honestly so pleasantly surprised with the tone. I walked in expecting to get "We hate you" and I was amazed at the amount of grace that was extended from people and that they had really come to terms with it, particularly Kat and Alicia. I knew they were either going to be way against me or way for me, so it was so cool to see that. I did also feel like even though there were some people that were mad, like Mike, I also got a lot of "Hey, great games." So I was really pleasantly surprised by how forgiving they were.
HitFix: Did Troy ever tell you what the right answer was to his question?
Kim: [Laughs.] No. He never did. I'll have to ask him.
HitFix: Have you given that any thought subsequently? Because it sounded to me like you gave the right answer.
Kim: I thought I gave the right answer, too. I have not given it any thought. Honestly, it doesn't matter today and that's pretty awesome.
HitFix: You said you've had seven months to go over the vote over and over again in your head. What has it been like for the past few months watching this season and seeing how well what you did played out on TV?
Kim: It's been fun. I tried to expect the worst and walking into Episode One, I had no idea how I was about to get portrayed. I came home and kinda felt like I had a good shot of looking like a villain, so I was thankful that at least they made me look smart. I didn't know how my strategy was going to come across. I did know that I went out there intending to respect people and make good relationships. I never wanted to make it personal or cut people down or say ugly things. It was all about the game for me. So I was really pleasantly surprised with the way it came off... Minus the mustache. [She laughs.]
HitFix: As a student of the game, do you want to try to put what you watched this season in perspective in terms of great seasons of "Survivor" playing?
Kim: I've gotten that question a lot today and that's a hard one for me. Being a huge fan of the game, it's hard to even hear people compare me to some of my favorite players, so I don't know. I don't know if it goes into that category or not. I just know that I went and played really well and it seemed pretty simple for me while I was out there, particularly after the result last night. I have my favorites and I'm not quite sure I'm ready to hear me be compared to them. That seems still kind of silly.
HitFix: So who are those favorites?
Kim: I'm, of course, a huge Boston Rob fan. Love JT. Love Tom Westman. I'm a huge Stephenie LaGrossa fan. Chelsea actually reminded me a ton of her. Obviously I love Parvati. I have a lot. I really, really love the show.
HitFix: A couple of those players you mentioned won once and then came back and were much less successful.
Kim: Absolutely!
HitFix: Does that lead you to not want to come back again?
Kim: You know, I think it's a hard thing to do. Unless you're playing with all returning players, that would be a really tough thing to do. If they ask me back, I'm sure I would come back. I don't see myself saying "No" to that any time soon.
HitFix: During the Rites of Passage, you mentioned how differently the game might have turned out if Colton hadn't gone out. Any theories on what that might have looked like?
Kim: You know, from what I've heard, I think that that could have gone one of two directions: I feel like we would have either initially just had a huge clash at the Merge. You know, him saying that he was sending Chelsea home first, that was not going to happen. So I think it would have very quickly gone one way or the other and it could have ended up in their favor for sure.
HitFix: Sticking with hypotheticals: How would you have planned on playing differently this season if the tribes had been gender integrated to start?
Kim: Gosh, I don't know! It's funny, when I first found out it was gonna be Men versus Women, I thought that was gonna be my worst nightmare and I do think it ended up working in my favor, because I kinda got to play more of a "male" role in my tribe, just being calmer and more of a physical player and building the shelter and all of that. It made me more of an asset. If the tribes had been mixed, it could have been really interesting. I would have been fascinated to watch how that could have played out. My intention was to go in and not butt heads, so I do kinda think I would have played a similar role even in a mixed gender tribe. It's the role I played when we switched tribes, just kinda quiet and being perceived a little bit as a wallflower in the beginning.
HitFix: It had never happened in "Survivor" history before, but do you think it would have been possible to get to an all-female Top Five if you'd started with integrated tribes?
Kim: I have no idea! I wouldn't even begin to know how to think about that.
HitFix: But you have some sort of sense of the way that the women bonded as a group in a way that the men were never able to come together. So it seemed like you took advantage of that, right?
Kim: Definitely. I think the women bonded because we started out as the underdogs and we didn't have anything and we were kinda miserable, so we bonded out of our misery. Had the tribes been mixed-gender, I don't know that we would have ever had that opportunity. So much of this is trusting who you're with, so I don't know how and why the women would have come together and wanted to be in an alliance together. It was a pretty random group of women and I think had we not been forced together, I don't know if we would have naturally gravitated towards each other.
HitFix: This goes back to Troy's question to you at Final Tribal: Was there a specific moment were you actually realized that you might be able to pull this off? A point where you where you looked in the guys' eyes and thought, "Oh my goodness, I'm actually going to be able to make them turn on each other"?
Kim: For me it was sending Jonas home. I'll say it again. I think that was the moment. Had Jonas stuck around two more days, I really think Jonas was on to me and I think Jonas and Troy could have reunited and reconnected and that could have been me going home the next week, so I feel like sending Jonas home was huge, because it proved that Alicia and Christina were voting where we were telling them to vote and then at that point we had really cut down Troy and Jay's options.
HitFix: It seemed like you had several moments, a couple caused by Chelsea, where you were worried that your house of cards was about to collapse. Was there a moment where you were particularly sure that things were about to get messed up for good?
Kim: I really feel like the couple of days before Final Tribal, I had kinda convinced myself that this was probably not going to go my way. I'd been staring at those people's faces and they looked pretty mad. So I was convinced going in there that there was a good chance that they were going to be really, really angry. That's as dire as I got. I was honestly never very afraid that I was getting voted out. It was more, "Am I going to be able to convince them to vote for me at the end or do I have to convinced them to vote for me?"
HitFix: What would you have done if you'd walked into Final Tribal and there'd been anger staring back at you?
Kim: I think the hardest thing to do at those things, and it's a funny thing, is you have to be so careful, because the thing that you say to one Juror that controls them and their anger pisses another person sitting up there off, a person who maybe was going to be voting for you. So again, I think the best thing that I could have done up there is what I did, which is own it and say that I wouldn't change a thing. You can apologize, but you can't really. I think that people get a little irritated when you sit up there and throw yourself a pity party and act like it was so hard.
HitFix: You had a Hidden Immunity Idol in your pocket for a long time. Obviously you didn't play it, but what did having that Idol do for you just in terms of confidence and knowing that was in your pocket?
Kim: Yeah, going into Final Tribal, I really considered pulling it out and saying, "Hey. And I've had this Idol since Day 12 and I never even needed to play it," but I was like, "Yeah, that kinda feels a little bit cocky." And that was already the problem. That felt like salt in the wound to these people that betrayed. It was like, "Oh, yeah. And I lied to you about this." So I just felt like it was almost better at that point not to just pull out everything I had, all the bells and whistles, and throw everything in everybody's face. That just kinda felt like too much to me. I actually wound up giving that to Troy when we got back to Ponderosa. He has that as a keepsake. He says it was worth more now that he knows it was in my crotch.
HitFix: Troy ended up being the one who was notably bitter in the end. What did you make of that?
Kim: Yeah, honestly, I know Troy fairly well and I don't think it's really how or who Troy is. I think Troy's one of the funnest people out there. He's so charismatic. He's a really cool guy to be around. I just think he's incredibly passionate about the game and it didn't go the way he wanted and that's a hard thing to come to terms with sometimes. It feels really real when you're in it. I very much understand. I think that could have easily gone the other way and I'm thankful that it didn't.
HitFix: Looking back, how important was it for you to have had Chelsea with you as your partner-in-crime throughout?
Kim: That was absolutely huge. I've heard her say this and it's really true, but it's not only having her strategically in the game, but having a person who you can go to that you can be yourself with and you actually feel like is a true friend who you see eye-to-eye with and you get each other, that's priceless out there. One of the hardest things about playing "Survivor" is feeling very isolated and alone, so when you have a real friend that you have a heart connection with, I think that's pretty powerful just in an emotional sense. But I also, me not going with Christina, Alicia and Tarzan at the end, I just started thinking that Christina and Alicia might cut me loose and take who they thought would be a better option at the end and I knew with Sabrina and Chelsea, that was my sure shot to sit at the Final Three. I trued them that much.
HitFix: And as a last question: Being America's Player, does that mean something different to you? Do you think that validates something different about what you did out there?
Kim: Honestly, that is the most shocked I've ever been. I obviously knew that I had a shot at winning the million dollars, but I had no idea that I was in the running for America's Player. And it surprised me. I still don't know what to make of it, to be honest. I didn't know that I was even on people's radar a somebody that they thought was likable. I thought that was a shoe-in for Chelsea or Troy or Kat. So I don't know. That really caught me off-guard, to be honest.
Previous "Survivor: One World" Exit Interviews:


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A southbound manifest ropes towards Tunnel One. The train is long and heavy requiring 3 mid-train swing helpers for the climb over the Tehachapi Pass.
Union Pacific No. 8553 leads a coal load off of the Belt line Connection onto the Greely Sub.
The conductor improvises a makeshift torch, leading the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympic Torch Relay Unit towards Atlanta, the home of the 1996 Summer Olympics.
UP 5365 West brings a lengthy manifest through Kennard, NE on one of those long summer days when the sundown comes after eight o'clock.
Pink Ribbon Breast Cancer unit leads an intermodal on the famous Tehachapi Loop during a gorgeous day.
UP 6588 & 6365 are DPUs on an eastbound coal train headed to Omaha.
A new Tier 4 GE brings up the rear of an intermodal train.
Bringing a load of brand new 2017 model BMW luxury vehicles to the coast, 28T rolls into Columbia before finishing the journey to Charleston where the vehicles will be unloaded at the Port of Char... (more)
Congratulations to the entire Union Pacific Steam Crew, Union Pacific Railroad, and every one that helped get No. 844 back on the road for all to enjoy.
Brand new UP SD70AH leads a ethanol train from the Cleveland line to Conway Yard.
Pink Ribbon Breast Cancer unit leads an intermodal through Mojave during a gorgeous day.

subset: commoncrawl


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Via Audio
You know you're off to a pretty kick-ass start when Spoon's producer (Jim Eno) offers to help make your debut album. Thanks to Eno, in September 2007, the quartet recorded its full-length album Say Something and gained a bit of acclaim among certain music critics. That disc is full of energetic indie-rock sensibilities, epic choruses, and stunning male-female harmonies à la the Hush Sound. The band members all have their shot at the vocal spotlight — sometimes, they collectively sound like Coldplay and other times they're as emo and androgynous as ever. The female voice of the group, guitarist/vocalist Jessica Martins, balances the act with her own singing style, tending to elevate and dominate the songs in which she's featured. If you've got the album, you'll know her shining moment comes during the bluesy, explosive "Enunciation," which is also one of the band's most impressive selections. When Via Audio isn't busy building rock-spirited crescendos, it dabbles in '80s-style electronica like LCD Soundsystem. It's good that the band can alter styles so fluidly, and that's a big part of its success. It's hard to say whether the band's appeal lies within its talent or its confidence, because group members clearly possess a great deal of both.
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Tom Ward and Collin Harmon get you set for the Pac-12 hoops season on this basketball preview show edition of Inside the Pac.
© KPIC | Portions are © Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or distributed.
KPIC CBS Roseburg, Oregon provides news, weather, and sports coverage to surrounding communities including Green, Melrose, Elgarose, Lookingglass, Dixonville, Winchester, Winston, Tenmile, Glide, Sutherlin, Cleveland and Umpqua.


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Add validation to php forms
This project was awarded to kssoftphp for £30 GBP.Get free quotes for a project like this
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I have three almost identical php forms which generate quotes based on the user's inputs.
I need to enable users to enter commas (,) in two of these fields. Currently these fields accept commas, but they break the outputs for some reason.
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The lights are on
This is the episode where we talk about L.A. Noire. I also yell at everyone. Does that sound good? Well then listen to this episode!
I've been thinking lately of education in games, and why gaming hasn't
followed its other media brethren into the educational scene. Movies,
books, radio, and music can and have all been used for both recreational
and educational purposes. Yet, when it comes to games, only recently
have some involved a form of teaching.


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Our creative network is yours
1st October 2016 — What's new
Sep 27th 2016
Work With: Ana Jaks
We caught up with Member Ana about her abstract style, and how an early break helped her win commissions for her brilliantly bright illustrations.
Sep 26th 2016
New to the Library: Scandinavia Dreaming
Our most recent addition to the Lending Library comes from Member Angel Trinidad, exploring Nordic interior and architectural design.
Sep 20th 2016
Work With: Lauren Rolwing
Member Lauren spoke to us about the techniques she's developed to create her stylish illustrations, and gives an insight into a selection of her most recent projects.
Hear what our Members say about Membership
Member Events
From tasty design breakfasts to an intimate study of older consumers — events for June will be varied and plentiful.
Member Mentoring
We're piloting a new Mentoring programme to connect like-minds for professional development and knowledge sharing.
More of what's new
Sep 20th 2016
Playing for change
Member Philip Haynes has worked with the organisers behind unique football tournament, the Liberté Cup, to help change attitudes to refugees.
Sep 19th 2016
To the point design for Zazu
Member Agency Fact Studio has created an identity for new, African farm-to-shelf service Zazu that celebrates its simple, straight-forward process.
Sep 15th 2016
Updates from Aleksandar Savić
Serbian illustrator and infographic designer Aleksandar Savić has created new work that captures cyberspace, cityscapes and outerspace.


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Three weeks ago I had the privilege of attending my first Percona Live MySQL conference, which was incredible! In particular, there were two things that I found impressive about the conference.
First, was the amount of knowledge sharing and support that MySQL users provide each other; it truly is a community. Coming from EMC, I've attended several conferences in the past, but I've always considered them more of a marketing focused event, mostly spent doing product launches and company roadmaps and not much time fostering knowledge sharing and informal get-togethers: Percona Live was different. There were well thought out tutorials, information packed presentations, and keynotes rife with practical knowledge culled from the real world. I had many great conversations at our booth with people that have evaluated TokuDB or TokuMX or were planning to as soon as they got back into the office. It was also great to see, and participate in, the …[Read more]


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The radio surroundings of the microquasar GRO J1655-40J. A. Combi1, G. E. Romero1, P. Benaglia1 and I. F. Mirabel2, 3
1 Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2 CEA/DMS/DAPNIA/Service D'Astrophysique, Centre d'Études de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
3 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), C.C. 67, Suc. 28, Buenos Aires, Argentina
(Received 12 February 2001 / Accepted 22 February 2001 )
We report the results of a study of the radio surroundings of the superluminal microquasar GRO J1655-40. We have searched for extended continuum structures that might be indicative of the presence of a supernova remnant (SNR) associated with the formation of the compact object in the binary system. We also carried out HI-line observations of the region looking for a local minimum created by an explosive event. Our results indicate that there is, in fact, a bubble in the large-scale HI distribution around GRO J1655-40. We suggest that this structure might be created by the original supernova explosion occurred a few hundred thousand years ago and whose signatures can be traced by the overabundance of -elements recently found by Israelian et al. (1999) in the companion star.
Key words: X-rays: stars -- stars: evolution -- ISM: bubbles -- ISM: supernova remnants
Offprint request: J. A. Combi, firstname.lastname@example.com
SIMBAD Objects


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Long Title: Add Your Name Today
In 2014 the BC Liberals implemented a reckless 28% hike to BC Hydro rates. And they did it right after an election where they promised to keep rates low.
After 9% and 6% increases the last two years, your rates go up by another 4% on April 1, 2016.
Sub Title: A reckless rate hike
Under the BC Liberal plan, British Columbians will pay an average of $300 more per year on their BC Hydro bills.
Hospitals, childcare centres, schools, and businesses large and small will face massive increases on their Hydro bills thanks to the BC Liberals reckless mismanagement of BC Hydro, potentially putting people out of work.
This devastating rate hike is squeezing hard working people while the economy is still in a fragile recovery. For people in cold climates, it can mean choosing between heating and groceries.
What's more, BC Hydro is hiding billions in deferral accounts to show a false profit so the BC Liberals can scoop $500 million to pad the province's budget. These accounting tricks mean more pressure on rates for everyone.
We, the undersigned, call on the BC Liberals to:
- Protect ratepayers from a reckless 28% hike to BC Hydro rates
- Immediately stop taking money from BC Hydro to shore up their bogus budget while billions in debt is being hidden through accounting tricks
- Immediately end the reckless mismanagement of our public utility by reinstating the independent oversight of BC Hydro by the BC Utilities Commission who will act in the public interest, not the BC Liberals' interest


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How to Focus and Be More ProductiveAre you driven to distraction at work?Bestselling author Edward M. Hallowell, MD, the world's leading expert on ADD and ADHD, has set his sights on a new goal: helping people feel more in control and productive at work.You know the feeling: you can't focus; you feel increasingly overwhelmed by a mix of nonstop demands and technology that seems to be moving at the speed of light; and you're
Using Brain Science to Get the Best from Your PeopleA manager's job is getting harder to do. But the central question for all managers - the one that separates great managers from the rest- is how to get the most from your people. What do you do when your most talented people fall short of their potential, or worse, fall off their game for awhile? How do you inspire a solid contributor to even more stellar performance? How do you find that spark?
The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and BusinessNEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the author of The Power of Habit comes a fascinating book that explores the science of productivity, and why managing how you think is more important than what you think—with an appendix of real-world lessons to apply to your life. At the core of Smarter Faster Better are eight key productivity concepts—from motivation and goal setting to focus and decision making
What I Learned About Making and Breaking Habits--to Sleep More, Quit Sugar, Procrastinate Less, and Generally Build a Happier LifeNew York Times Bestseller Washington Post Bestseller The author of the blockbuster New York Times bestsellers, The Happiness Project and Happier at Home, tackles the critical question: How do we change? Gretchen Rubin's answer: through habits. Habits are the invisible architecture of everyday life. It takes work to make a habit, but once that habit is set, we can harness the energy of habits
Thinking Straight in the Age of Information OverloadNew York Times bestselling author and neuroscientist Daniel J. Levitin shifts his keen insights from your brain on music to your brain in a sea of details.The information age is drowning us with an unprecedented deluge of data. At the same time, we're expected to make more—and faster—decisions about our lives than ever before. No wonder, then, that the average American reports frequently losing
Why We Do What We Do in Life and BusinessOVER 60 WEEKS ON THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER LISTWith a new Afterword by the author In The Power of Habit, Pulitzer Prize–winning business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. Distilling vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives that take us from the boardrooms of Procter & Gamble
What the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast
A Short Guide to Making Over Your Mornings--and Life (A Penguin Special from Por tfolio)Mornings are a madcap time for many of us. We wake up in a haze—often after hitting snooze a few times. Then we rush around to get ready and out the door so we can officially start the day. Before we know it, hours have slipped by without us accomplishing anything beyond downing a cup of coffee, dashing off a few emails, and dishing with our coworkers around the water cooler. By the time the
Secrets from the New Science of ExpertiseFrom the world's reigning expert on expertise comes a powerful new approach to mastering almost any skill. Have you ever wanted to learn a language or pick up an instrument, only to become too daunted by the task at hand? Expert performance guru Anders Ericsson has made a career studying chess champions, violin virtuosos, star athletes, and memory mavens. Peak condenses three decades of original
The Power of Passion and PerseveranceIn this instant New York Times bestseller, pioneering psychologist Angela Duckworth shows anyone striving to succeed—be it parents, students, educators, athletes, or business people—that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent but a special blend of passion and persistence she calls "grit."Drawing on her own powerful story as the daughter of a scientist who frequently noted her lack of
An Entrepreneur's Vision of the FutureNEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER WALL STREET JOURNAL BESTSELLER One of America's most accomplished entrepreneurs—a pioneer who made the Internet part of everyday life and orchestrated the largest merger in the history of business—shares a roadmap for how anyone can succeed in a world of rapidly changing technology.Steve Case's career began when he cofounded America Online (AOL) in 1985. At the time, only
How Non-Conformists Move the WorldThe #1 New York Times bestseller that examines how people can champion new ideas—and how leaders can fight groupthink, from the author of Give and Take"Reading Originals made me feel like I was seated across from Adam Grant at a dinner party, as one of my favorite thinkers thrilled me with his insights and his wonderfully new take on the world." —Malcolm Gladwell, author of Outliers and The
Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest ChallengesHave you ever left a nerve-racking challenge and immediately wished for a do over? Maybe after a job interview, a performance, or a difficult conversation? The very moments that require us to be genuine and commanding can instead cause us to feel phony and powerless. Too often we approach our lives' biggest hurdles with dread, execute them with anxiety, and leave them with regret. By accessing our


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Sanderson Farms (NASDAQ:SAFM) is the third largest publicly traded chicken producer in the US, behind Pilgrim's Pride (NYSE:PPC) and Tyson (NYSE:TSN). Stocks of chicken producers have been badly battered in the last couple of years, first by the avian flu scare and then by the high cost of corn feed. The sharply rising cost of corn was, of course, an indirect result of the rising cost of oil, and the federal subsidy of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol used to supplement gasoline (a subsidy which has been referred to as the stupidest federal subsidy). With a conversion ratio of 2.7 gallons of ethanol per bushel of corn, the subsidy amounts to $1.48 for every bushel of corn used. As a result, corn prices have jumped from $2 at the end of 2005 to around $3.75 today.
Chicken producers are cyclical commodity stocks and they always will be. They have minimal control over the market price of their products and the only thing they can do during a downturn is to cut back production and eat their losses while waiting for prices to recover, which is what all the major chicken producers did during late 2005 through 2006. Sanderson Farms nevertheless went ahead with plans to build a new processing plant in Waco, Texas. In 2006, all other chicken producers saw declines in revenues, while Sanderson Farms had flat revenues, suggesting an increase in market share.
The fortunes of the poultry producers have recently started to turn. Spurred by the huge profits in corn, farmers have reported to the USDA that they plan to plant corn wall-to-wall this year, with most agricultural economists are predicting a moderate drop in the price of corn. More importantly, the wholesale price of chicken (a common proxy is the Georgia dock price) has been continuously rising since Jan 2007, as have prices of all other major meats, especially beef.
Sanderson Farms started as a family company and the Sanderson family still manages the company and holds significant amounts of stock after it went public. Management is considered to be highly competent and shareholder friendly. In late 2003 and early 2004, after persistent under-valuation of their stock by the market despite a large share repurchase effort, management issued a special one-time dividend that doubled stock price. The company pursues a strategy of focusing on quality and value-added products to mitigate against the commodity nature of the poultry business. On the downside, the company has a shareholder rights plan (aka "poison pill"), so a takeover by a larger company is unlikely. Promised increases in corn production may not materialize due to bad weather, and another bird flu scare is always possible. in addition, in 2006, the USDA floated a proposal to allow imports of cooked chicken from China (the chicken has to be cooked and "shelf stabilized", which essentially means only canned chicken), but the proposal has been widely disparaged, especially in light of the recent poisoned pet food scare. In my opinion, the US has always been an exporter of chicken (the only imports have been a microscopic amount of chicken from Canada), suggesting that the highly industrialized and vertically integrated poultry industry here is substantially more efficient than that in other countries, and would be competitive with any foreign chicken imports.
Management has stated that the base capital expenditures runs around $20 to $25 million annually, and any excess expenditures above that is to fund expansion of production facilities. The company has traditionally relied on internally generated cash to fund expansion, but in 2006, management broke with tradition to borrow $70 million to fund facilities expansion, a decidedly risky move at the time that now looks prescient. The company just released its latest 10Q; while analysts predicted $0.29 per share earnings, the company came in with $1.34 (suggesting that many analysts are badly misreading this company). Economists are predicting a good year for chicken companies, with per capita chicken consumption increasing at the expense of beef consumption due to rising beef prices. Historically, from 2003 through 2005, SAFM has managed $70 to $90 mil income annually. If earnings go back to $70 million ($3.50 per share), assuming a historical average PE of 12, the company is fairly valued at $42. However, the company has substantially increased in production capacity since 2005, and has likely also made gains in market share.
These factors, combined with a likely increase in per capita consumption of chicken, may well send earnings to $100 million or more. Strangely, SAFM sports a high short interest of 27% of float as of April 2007, vs short interest of 8.9% and 3% for PPC and TSN respectively. This state of affairs is a complete mystery to me. While PPC is larger than SAFM, it is more highly leveraged (with a debt-to-equity of 1.6 for PPC vs 0.4 for SAFM), and I fail to see any special factors that accrue to SAFM but not PPC (if anything, PPC may lose more market share to SAFM as it continues to digest its Gold Kist acquisition). I strongly suspect that someone inexplicably failed to cover their avian flu shorts on SAFM in 2006, and may now be forced to do so in a big hurry.
Going forward, I have a price target of $55 per share on SAFM. I want to see short interest drop below the 10% mark before even considering selling my shares. In addition, I want to see management pay down the debt they have accumulated to save during the good times for the next rainy day. And I hope to see Sanderson Farm expand its distribution network to the Northeast, so that I can at last find a Sanderson Farm chicken at my local supermarket.
Disclosure: Author has a long position in SAFM
SAFM 1-yr chart


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Meghan's Reviews > When True Night Falls
When True Night Falls (The Coldfire Trilogy, #2)
by C.S. Friedman
by C.S. Friedman
Reading this book, I almost wanted to lessen the rating I gave to the first in the trilogy because this one was just sooo good right from the beginning. I was engrossed immediately. I love the world and the continued development of the characters. The tenuous pact between Gerald Tarrant and Damien Vyrce keeps me engrossed. Towards the last quarter of the book I found I was struggling to keep reading. However, I don't think it has anything to do with the book itself and more to do with my own schedule. But, maybe others have felt the same? Regardless, I am eager to find out how the world changes as a result of what transpired here and what happens with the Iezu.
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The evaluation of novel chromogenic substrates for the detection of lipolytic activity in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA from two European study groups
Eight novel chromogenic substrates were evaluated for their efficacy in detecting lipase activity in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from the United Kingdom and Malta. All isolates metabolized the chromogenic lipase substrates 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylmethylene)-2-thioxothia-zolidin-4-one-3-ethanoic acid (SRA)-propionate, SRA-butyrate, SRA-octanoate and 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-3-methy-benzothiazolium salt (SBZTM)-acetate. Over 90% of the isolates metabolized the lipase substrates SRA-decanoate and SRA-laurate. However, only 0.6% of UK isolates and 2% of Maltese isolates metabolized the lipase substrate SRA-myristate; none of the isolates tested metabolized SBZTM-butyrate. Traditional Tween 80 assays showed that over 73% of the UK methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and 83% of the UK methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates demonstrated lipolytic activity. In contrast, Maltese isolates showed lipase activity in 94% and 88% of the MRSA and MSSA strains, respectively. Lipases in MRSA and MSSA demonstrated substrate specificity whose activity appeared dependent upon hydrocarbon chain length of the chromogen. These novel chromogens can be used for lipase enzyme detection and have application for full characterization of numerous S. aureus lipases.
- Staphylococcus aureus
- lipase
- novel chromogenic substrates
- Tween 80
Methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively) are important nosocomial pathogens (Apfalter et al., 2002). As a group of organisms, the staphylococci produce many different extracellular enzymes including DNAse, proteinase and lipase (Arvidson, 2000). In the recent past there has been an increase in the number of studies carried out on these extracellular enzymes, some focusing on lipase activity (Nostro et al., 2001). The lipase enzyme is active against a number of natural and synthetic lipid substrates and also water-soluble triglycerides and Tweens (Arvidson, 2000). These substrates are broken down to their constituent alcohol and fatty acids by ester linkage hydrolysis (Easmon & Adlam, 1983). To date, five different staphylococcal lipase genes from different species have been cloned and sequenced, two from S. aureus, two from Staphylococcus epidermidis and one from Staphylococcus hyicus (Nikoleit et al., 1995). Of the two lipases produced by S. aureus, only one is described as a true lipase, an enzyme that is able to hydrolyse water-insoluble long-chain trigylycerols as well as water-soluble trigylycerols (Arvidson, 2000). The second enzyme can only hydrolyse water-soluble short-chain trigylycerols, and is referred to as a short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase (Arvidson, 2000). The pathogenic role played by lipase during an S. aureus infection remains unclear; however, it has been shown that the enzymes are produced during infection and it is suggested that they play a role in the interference of phagocytosis (Easmon & Adlam, 1983).
Currently, there are two established approaches to detecting lipase activity. The methods involve the use of nutrient agar supplemented with 1% Tween 80 or nutrient agar supplemented with egg yolk (Cooke et al., 1999). Tween 80 degradation is specific for lipase activity, whereas egg yolk medium demonstrates both lipase and phospholipase activity (Cooke et al., 1999). Lipolysis of Tween 80 is characterized by the appearance of a zone of opacity, due to precipitation of liberated fatty acids that combine with calcium to form salts (Nostro et al., 2001). Although the Tween 80 assay is normally used for qualitative detection of S. aureus lipase activity, the results can be difficult to interpret (Nostro et al., 2001).
Chromogenic media are increasingly recognized as useful tools in diagnostic laboratories for the rapid detection of bacterial species and strain characterization. Current successful examples of these media include CHROMagar for the detection of Candida spp. (Cooke et al., 2002), oxacillin resistance screening agar base for the detection of MRSA (Perry et al., 2004) and chromogenic Salmonella esterase for the detection of salmonellae (Cooke et al., 1999).
The aim of the current study was to evaluate a range of novel chromogens against a variety of clinical strains in terms of lipase activity and to establish whether any variance could be exploited in a diagnostic or analytical context. The clarity and rapidity of resolution of these chromogens was also compared with traditional Tween 80-based tests.
Materials and methods
Bacterial strains
Genome type strains as well as clinical isolates were tested in this study. Genome type strains were obtained from the Network of Antibicrobial Resistance on Staphylococcus aureus (NARSA) and include S. aureus N315, Mu50, NCTC 08325, EMRSA-16 (strain 252), MSSA 476 (strain 476), COL and MW2.
Clinical isolates of MRSA and MSSA were collected from three hospitals in the United Kingdom (Kingston Hospital, Surrey, kindly provided by Mr M. Smith; the Royal Brompton Hospital, London; and the Royal Marsden Hospital, London) and from St Luke's Hospital, Malta. A total of 378 isolates were collected from the UK hospitals (260 MRSA and 118 MSSA) and 309 isolates were collected from the Maltese hospital (216 MRSA and 93 MSSA).
Tween 80 assay
Nutrient agar (Oxoid Ltd) plates were supplemented with 1% Tween 80 (Fisher Scientific Ltd). Overnight cultures were suspended in Ringers solution to the equivalent of 0.5 McFarland's standard (equivalent to 1.5 × 108 CFU mL−1). These cultures were dispensed in 10-μL aliquots onto predried plates and incubated at 35 °C for 48 h; tests were carried out in triplicate. After incubation, the presence or absence of opalescent zones around the colonies were recorded.
Chromogenic substrates
All chromogenic substrates were provided by PPR Diagnostics Ltd, London, UK. The test substrates were 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylmethylene)-2-thioxothia-zolidin-4-one-3-ethanoic acid (SRA)-propionate (C3), SRA-butyrate (C4), SRA-octanoate (C8), SRA-decanoate (C10), SRA-laurate (C12), SRA-myristate (C14), 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-3-methy-benzothiazolium salt (SBZTM)-acetate (C2) and SBZTM-butyrate (C4). An example of the chemical structure of the chromogenic substrate can be seen in Fig. 1.
Chromogenic medium
The chromogenic substrates were added to nutrient agar (Oxoid Ltd) to a final concentration of 0.3 g L−1. The substrates were dissolved in 4-mL aliquots of a methanol–water mix (2–10% v/v). The substrates were then added to cooled (55 °C), presterilized nutrient agar (Oxoid Ltd) and poured into 90-mm Petri dishes.
Inoculation of chromogenic media
Overnight cultures were streaked onto plates as a single line, in a radiating pattern from the centre of the plates, using six isolates per plate. All plates were incubated at 35 °C for 48 h and all tests were carried out in triplicate. Culture control plates were incubated under similar conditions. After incubation, they were observed for any change in colour.
Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
PFGE was performed as described previously by Gould et al. (2008).
Lipolytic activity against Tween 80
The seven genome type strains tested demonstrated lipolytic activity on Tween 80 plates. Analysis of the UK isolates demonstrated that 73% (189/260) of MRSA and 83% (98/118) of MSSA showed lipolytic activity on Tween 80 plates. A higher number of the Maltese isolates – 94% (203/216) of the MRSA and 88% (82/93) of the MSSA – were observed to be Tween 80 positive.
Lipolytic activity against chromogenic substrates
Following incubation for 48 h, colour changes were observed with all but one of the substrates, namely SBZTM-butyrate. This information is summarized in Table 1 (for the genome type strains) and Table 2 (clinical isolates). The colour changes varied with the different substrates as did the size of the coloured zone produced around the isolates. The coloured zones ranged from 3 to 4 mm for isolates, when SRA-myristate was used, to total colouration of the agar medium when SRA-propionate was used as a substrate. All isolates produced colour changes with SRA-propionate and SRA-butyrate both of which resulted in colouration of the agar, with the colour radiating across the plate with the greatest intensity of colouration adjacent to the colony. Isolates on both SRA-propionate and SRA-butyrate agar showed activity that diffused away from the colony producing a red colouration in the medium within 24 h (Fig. 2).
|Staphylococcus aureus genome type strain
Grey shading represents lipolytic activity, no shading represents no detectable lipolytic activity against the indicated substrate.
|Original media colouration
|Colour observed in
|Time (h)
|UK isolates (%)
|Maltese isolates (%)
|Whole plate
|Translucent pale yellow
|Translucent pale yellow
|Translucent pale yellow
|Translucent pale yellow
|Pink zone
|Translucent pale yellow
|Pink zone
|Translucent pale yellow
|Pink zone
|Translucent red
|Dark purple
|Translucent red
|No change
|No change
The results detail the observed colouration for both the isolate and the agar plate, the time taken for the observed colour changes and the percentage of isolate group that were scored positive for lipase or esterase activity (using the SBzTM-acetate, SBzTM-butyrate substrates) against the given novel chromogenic substrates.
All of the clinical isolates produced colour changes on SRA-octanoate with the colonies turning a deep purple hue; however, one of the genome type strains, MSSA-476, did not produce any colour change. These colour changes were observed after 24 h of incubation. No colour change was observed in the agar.
The use of both SRA-decanoate and SRA-laurate media gave rise to growth with a dark pink zone around the resultant colonies. These zones of colour were consistently larger with the isolates grown on the SRA-decanoate plates when compared with those grown on the SRA-laurate plates; the rest of the plate retained the original pale yellow colouration. All except one of the genome type strain (MSSA 476) metabolized the SRA-decanoate substrate with a subsequent colour change evident on the plate. Most of the isolates changed colour on these two different plates, 97% (362/372) of the UK isolates and 98% (301/308) of the Maltese isolates, demonstrating colour changes on the SRA-decanoate plates. Three of the genome type strains (08325, MSSA 476, COL) showed no colour change on SRA-laurate plates. Similarly, 92% of UK isolates (345/372) and 91% of Maltese isolates (279/308) demonstrated metabolism of the SRA-laurate substrate. The UK isolates showed similar levels of substrate metabolism in both the MRSA and MSSA group 97% (253/257) and 98% (109/115), respectively, as did the Maltese isolates, with both MRSA and MSSA showing 98% (215/216, 90/92, respectively) of isolate metabolism of the substrate. The SRA-laurate substrate was metabolized by 92% (345/372) of the UK isolates and 91% (279/308) of the Maltese isolates. The UK isolates showed similar activity levels when compared with SRA-laurate, the MRSA and MSSA group showing 91% (235/257) and 94% (108/115) of the isolates, respectively, with both groups demonstrating ability to metabolize the substrate. A similar trend was also observed with the Maltese isolates, with similar results produced on comparing MRSA and MSSA, 90% (194/216) and 92% (85/92), respectively.
SRA-myristate was metabolized by the lowest number of isolates in the study groups. A small zone of pale pink colour could be seen around the isolates, but the colonies did not change in colour. None of the genome strains were able to metabolize SRA-myristate, only 0.5% (2/372) of UK isolates and 2% (5/308) of the Maltese isolates produced any colour change, with 0.4% (1/372) of MRSA and 0.9% (1/115) of MSSA of the UK isolates and 0.9% (2/216) of MRSA and 3.2% (3/92) of MSSA groups of the Maltese isolates showing any metabolism of this substrate.
All genome type strains and clinical isolates produced colour changes on SBZTM-acetate with the plates showing a deep purple colouration dispersed across the whole plate.
None of the genome type strains or the clinical isolates produced any notable colour change on SBZTM-butyrate supplemented agar plates. Some slight colour changes were observed following incubation; however, when compared with controls no colour difference was evident, suggesting that this slight change was the result of substrate degradation upon incubation. In addition, no pigment uptake was observed in any of the isolates with this substrate.
Comparison of chromogenic substrates and Tween 80 tests
Both Tween 80 and chromogenic agar methods detected lipase activity in the isolates panel to varying degrees. The most notable difference between the two media was the ease with which the result on the chromogenic plate could be read due to the formation of colour on the chromogenic plate. Results from the Tween 80 assay can be difficult to determine, possibly due to low-level lipase activity (Fig. 2). In these cases, there is very little precipitation observed in the medium and this can lead to a false negative result being reported. Figure 2 demonstrates the necessity, in some cases, to view the Tween 80 test plate illuminated with back light to reveal faint zone of lipolysis. However, the use of the novel chromogenic substrates described here eliminate any ambiguity in the detection of lipase activity (Fig. 2). When comparing the results obtained using the two different assay types four of the chromogenic media, SRA-propionate, SRA-butyrate (Fig. 2), SRA-octanoate and SBZTM-acetate were hydrolysed by all of the clinical isolates in the study. This outcome contrasts with the results of the Tween 80 assay where positive results ranged from 73% (of the UK MRSA isolates) to 94% (of the Maltese MRSA isolates) for the same isolate panel.
Tween 80 medium requires an incubation time of 48 h before results can be read. However, both SRA-propionate and SRA-butyrate results can be read clearly within 24 h, representing a reduction in the required time to read the completed test.
Strain typing by PFGE
PFGE banding patterns were determined for 86.2% (586/680) of the clinical isolates within the study. PFGE profiles could not be determined for the remaining 13.8% of isolates (Gould et al., 2008). A total of 47 different strain types were present in the culture collection. Some strain groups also contained a varying number of subtypes, which ranged from three to 39 subtypes. A total of four main strain types were evident, which consisted of c. 68% of the isolates tested. The largest concentration of isolates (43% of total isolates) was found in a strain type that appeared to be similar in banding pattern to epidemic-MRSA-15 (EMRSA-15); this strain is one of the most common strains of EMRSA in the United Kingdom. The second largest strain type contained 12% of the total number of isolates and was found to be similar to EMRSA-16. The final two type strains contained 6% and 7%, respectively, the first of these types was determined to be similar to EMRSA-1; however, the isolates in this group were predominantly isolates of MSSA. The second strain type contained predominantly Maltese isolates (except for the two UK isolates) and therefore may be a local strain. The remaining 32% of isolates were found in the remaining 43 strain type; the frequency of isolates in these strain types ranged from 0.2% to 2%.
In the current study, two different agar-based assays were examined for their efficacy in detecting lipase activity from clinical isolates of MRSA and MSSA from two study countries (UK and Malta). The study compared nutrient agar supplemented with either Tween 80 (1%) or each one of eight novel chromogenic substrates. When comparing these two types of media, the action of lipase was most apparent when using the chromogenic agar plates due to the production of colouration, compared with the precipitate observed with the Tween 80-based assay. A high percentage of isolates demonstrated lipase activity on both media. All the clinical isolates and seven of the eight genomic type strains (MSSA 476 did not metabolize SRA-octanoate) demonstrated metabolism of the chromogenic substrate with fatty chain length up to and including octanoate (C=8). However, some of these isolates were recorded as having no lipase activity when the Tween 80 assay was used. This observation demonstrated that these short-chain fatty acid chromogenic substrates have a higher sensitivity than the traditional Tween 80 agar plates in the detection of lipase activity. In the cases of MRSA isolates from the United Kingdom, 27% (71/260) were recorded as lipase negative on Tween 80 plates, but all isolates were positive when tested on the short-chain fatty acid substrates.
Of the eight different chromogenic substrates tested in the study, two substrates were either not metabolized or produced a colour change in a small number of isolates. SBZTM-butyrate gave no colour change at all while SRA-myristate produced a colour change with only a small number of isolates (≤2%) in the test groups. The result with the SRA-myristate might indicate that few clinical isolates of S. aureus are capable of metabolizing such a large lipase substrate (C14). With the SBZTM-butyrate substrate colouration was observed of equal intensity pre- and postincubation on both test and control plates.
The intensity of colour that developed on the remaining plates appears to be linked to the size of the fatty acid side chain. Observing the plates that contained either the SRA-propionate substrate (C=3), or the SRA-butyrate (C=4) or the SBZTM-acetate (C=2) substrate, the colour change radiated across the plate. However, on the plates containing SRA-octanoate (C=8) the colour change was only seen within the colony, while the SRA-decanoate (C=10) and SRA-laurate (C=12) substrates both produced colour changes that migrated from the colonies, suggesting extracellular action of the lipase. The size of this zone of colour was observed to be greater with the SRA-decanoate substrate than that noted with the SRA-laurate substrate. The changes seen between SRA-decanoate and SRA-laurate may be explained by the fact that SRA-decanoate is smaller than SRA-laurate by two hydrocarbons, suggesting a variation in enzyme activity due to substrate side-chain length. It has been proposed that free fatty acids may play a role in inhibiting phagocytosis (Easmon & Adlam, 1983), and it has also been shown that the long-chain fatty acids have bactericidal properties (Easmon & Adlam, 1983). However, 80% of S. aureus strains produce an enzyme called fatty acid-modifying enzymes (FAME), which catalyses the esterification of the lipid to alcohols or cholesterol (Arvidson, 2000). It should be noted that this enzyme is most effective on saturated fatty acids composed of 15–19 carbons. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that the reduction in hydrolysis of the substrates of 10–12 hydrocarbons such as SRA-decanoate and SRA-laurate may be a mechanism to prevent the production of potentially bacteriocidal, free long-chain fatty acids not modified by FAME.
The differences in the amount of colour produced may possibly be related to the different action of two types of lipase enzymes. It has been reported that S. aureus has two lipase genes: geh (isolated from S. aureus strain PS54) and lip, geh (isolated from S. aureus strain NCTC 8530) (Arvidson, 2000). These genes encode for two different lipase activities, with geh encoding for the true lipase and lip, geh encoding for the short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase. Therefore, it is possible that the zone of the colour seen may be due to the action of these two enzymes possibly working synergistically.
Colour changes seen with SRA-propionate, SRA-butyrate, SRA-octanoate and SBZTM-acetate may be due to the action of the short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase. Other groups have reported similar findings, although they referred to these enzymes as SAL-1 (Kloos et al., 1991). These authors reported that SAL-1 has a strong preferential action against short-chain fatty acids, with maximal activity towards butyric acid esterified to glycerol, p-nitrophenol or umbelliferone. This activity decreased with acyl chain length of one methyl group and hardly hydrolyses the larger chain trioctanyloglyercol (Kloos et al., 1991). Zones of colour were seen following metabolism of the small fatty acid chain molecules, SRA-propionate, SRA-butyrate and SBZTM-butyrate, as the hydrocarbon side chain length fell within the active range of short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase. True lipase can also hydrolyse short-chain water-soluble triacylglycerols; therefore, the hydrolysis of these substrates may also be due to the true lipases, as well as the activity of the short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase.
Colour changes with SRA-decanoate, SRA-laurate and SRA-myristate might possibly be due to the action of the true lipase, as these can hydrolyse long-chain triacylglycerols. Interestingly, short-chain glycerol ester hydrolases are believed to be produced by most S. aureus isolates, whereas true lipases are less common (Arvidson, 2000). If the hydrolysis of SRA-decanoate and SRA-laurate are due to true lipase activity, these results suggest that in the clinical isolates used in this study there is a higher level of true lipase activity at 90% and above. This may contrast with other reports (Arvidson, 2000) and could represent a salient feature of hospital strains of MRSA and MSSA.
The colour changes seen with SRA-octanoate pose a challenge, as the change in colour was only seen within the colony and did not radiate out from the colony as seen with other substrates used in this study. It is tempting to speculate that the hydrolysis of the substrate was due to the action of short-chain glycerol ester hydrolase. This may explain the poor hydrolysis and lack of radiating colour around the colony. However, true lipases have a wide range of activity. It has already been suggested that the hydrolysis of the short-chain triacylglycerols may be due to either true lipase or short-chain glycerol ester hydrolyase; therefore, we can speculate that SRA-octanoate might be hydrolysed by a true lipase.
In conclusion, seven of the eight chromogenic lipase and esterase substrates in the test panel demonstrated improved detection enzyme activity in clinical isolates of S. aureus when compared with the standard Tween 80 assay. The development of a coloured product as a result of metabolism yielded an unambiguous test result not previously possible with the Tween 80 assay (Fig. 2). The use of novel chromogenic substrates with varied chain length also allowed for more detailed analysis of the range of lipid metabolism present in S. aureus isolates. Following the observations reported in this paper, we suggest that these chromogenic substrates may have potential use in enzymatic and physiological research involving staphylococci as well as other microorganisms. Currently, there is limited knowledge in the area of S. aureus lipase activity and its role in pathology; the main focus of the published work has been directed towards S. hyicus (Rosenstein & Götz, 2000). Hence, it is possible that these novel substrates may act as a key in future S. aureus lipase research acting as a metabolism marker in molecular studies concerned with the control of lipase production. Lipase activity in staphylococci is regulated by two genes, agr and the sar genes, which, respectively, positively and negatively regulate lipase production. It is unknown which lipase is regulated by these genes as the substrates previously used did not discriminate been the action of these lipases (Arvidson, 2000). Novel, modified chromogenic substrates such as those detailed in here may play a role in the elucidation of lipase activity controlled by the agr and the sar genes to provide a better understanding of the metabolism of these important organisms.
We would like to thank the network of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus (NARSA) for providing us with the genome type strains N315, Mu50, EMRSA-16 (strain 252), MSSA 476, Col and MW2. S.W.J.G. is in receipt of a Kingston University studentship. We are also grateful to Dr Gary Forster-Wilkins for useful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript.
Editor: Mark Enright
- © 2009 Federation of European Microbiological Societies.


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Postling provides an online service to help small businesses manage their social media presence. The company's service provides a social inbox for various social activities about user's business, and enables them to read and respond to comments left on their blogs and social networking sites. Its service also enables users to publish posts in social media platforms. The company is based in New York, New York. Postling operates as a subsidiary of waffl.com, Inc. As of October 31, 2012, Postling operates as a subsidiary of LocalVox Media, Inc.
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I know there are several threads about what is currently going on in Lebanon and Israel, but this video I just saw really gets my blood boiling and I think you all should see it.
Title of the film is "Green helmet acting as cynical movie director in Qana."
Also, can someone shed some light on what Al-Takeyya means?


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339 Cannon HOB
Washington, DC 20515
Phone 202-225-7896
Fax 202-226-2279
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Peter T. King, a Republican, is serving his eleventh term in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Rep. King is a member of the Homeland Security Committee and Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence. He also serves on the Financial Services Committee and Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Congressman King, who previously served as Chairman of the Committee in 2005-2006 and again in 2011-2012, has been a leader in the ongoing effort to have Homeland Security funding based on threat analysis and is a strong supporter of the war against international terrorism, both at home and abroad. As Chairman of the Homeland Security Committee, he stood up to the pressure from special interest groups and the media to hold a series of hearings on Islamic radicalization. Chairman King led the fight to continue funding to the Secure the Cities Program to protect the New York-Long Island region from nuclear dirty bomb attacks.
During his years in Congress, Rep. King has attained a reputation for being well-informed and independent. Following the ravages of Superstorm Sandy, Rep. King led the successful fight in Congress to obtain $60.4 billion in emergency funding for the victims of the storm. Even Newsday has admitted that Congressman King is a "stand-up guy who isn't shy about tangling with the powerful, even those in his own party. King has become a national figure who delivers for the region and his district."
Rep. King is a strong supporter of our military and has fought hard to bring veterans' benefits into the 21st century. Congressman King is also a strong supporter of funding to combat deadly illnesses such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. He has also received the AARP's Legislative Leadership Award for combating elder abuse and exploitation.
Prior to serving in Congress, Pete King was elected to three terms as the Comptroller of Nassau County. Before serving in county government, Rep. King had extensive experience as a practicing attorney and civic leader. He began his political career in November 1977 by winning election to the Hempstead Town Council. Rep. King is also a member of the Knights of Pythias.
Pete King was born on April 5, 1944 in Manhattan and was raised in Queens. He is a graduate of St. Francis College, Brooklyn, and the University of Notre Dame Law School. He is a lifelong resident of New York and has lived in Nassau County for more than 40 years. Rep. King and his wife, Rosemary, reside in Seaford. They have two adult children and two grandchildren.
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Terrible decision by President Obama to veto #JASTA. Congress must override next week. 9/11 families deserve justice.
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Hillary Clinton's remarks on Charlotte shooting are uninformed, shameful and dangerous. More prejudging against cops.
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Congratulations and thanks to the NYPD & FBI for truly outstanding work.
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Bomb explosion in Chelsea demonstrates once again how dangerous world has become. Visited bomb site this a.m. Thank God not more casualties.
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We must always remember horrific attacks of 9/11. Our prayers are with those who were murdered that day & their families. God Bless America!
Getting ready for tonight's debate with an early start at Hofstra this morning. Did interviews with CNN, Fox News and Fox 5. Mood is that trend
The Monday night debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton will draw the attention of the country and the world to Hofstra University and
David Clarke, the Sheriff of Milwaukee County, is a truly outstanding leader. Sheriff Clarke has spent his entire career in law enforcement and
The Italian-American community makes enormous contributions to Long Island life and culture. This past weekend I had the opportunity to again
The upcoming debate at Hofstra University between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton next Monday night, Sept 26, promises to be the most watched


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New Brighton Marina - New Brighton, PA - Phone: (724) 843-0527
Marine engineering refers to the design of marine propulsion systems. Marine propulsion is a system which is used to move ships and boats. Usually big ships are operated by systems which have an engine, a propeller, impeller, etc. The first engines used were steam engines, but now two-stroke or four-strokes are used. Before use of steam engines, ships were propelled with the help of wind. Marine engineers in New Brighton design and maintain the mechanical system of ships and they usually work with an architect who designs the structure of ships. A marine engineer, in New Brighton, is responsible for designing the propulsion, and other equipment required for the ship to move. Most marine engineers, in New Brighton, are hired by private industries that build ships or make applications, tools used in them. These engineers also provide guidance as consultants to the ship crew who are under training and assist them to select the correct tools and equipment required by the ships. The tools in the ships are installed by these engineers to avoid any kind of risk. Hence, individuals who are marine engineers need to be well-versed with their job responsibilities. The career growth of a marine engineer also depends on the growth of the shipping firm for which he works. Marine engineering is a good career option.
Alliance for Green Heat and NYSERDA Announce Seven Finalists in International Pellet Stove Competition
Two New York teams are among the finalists (Long Island, NY) Alliance for Green Heat and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) today announced that seven pellet stoves have been chosen as finalists in the Pellet Stove Design Challenge. This international competition, administered by the Alliance for Green Heat, identifies innovative low emissions and high efficiency..


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Hostel Hutteldorf
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
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- " Good hostel but very bad isolated and no soap in the restrooms. "
- 11 Aug 2016 Linn
- " The hostel is about a 5 minute walk to the bus to the metro station. The metro nearest the hostel was not working when I was there. The staff were really great and the breakfast was big and had hot chocolate! The rooms were nice as were the bathrooms and the hostel is located on a hill so it is a bit of a trek bags, but worth it. "
- 25 Jun 2016 Ashley
- " Nice hostel but not for solo travellers. There is not kitchen, the hostel is far from vienna center. We have to make our own bed, the pillows was flat and not comfortable. The staff was nice, the guy, Chris i think, help me with when i had problems with the washing machine. Only two plugs in a dorm of 6 is not enough. "
- 28 Sep 2015 Anonymous Canada
- " A little outside but the inner city is still comfortably reachable by using the metro and thus it's real good value for money especially if the inner city hostels are fully booked. "
- 27 Sep 2015 Anonymous Germany


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Tag Archives: American Diabetes Association
Live. Work. Play: Kaylee's Diabetes Story
My parents cried the first time I went off to camp; they didn't want to leave me alone. It was my first sleepover camp and my first time away from them—the first time someone else would help me with my diabetes. I, however, was very excited about the possibilities of developing new friendships and learning from my counselors. Continue reading
Calling All App Developers – New ChallengeDiabetes App Contest
We spoke with our Senior Vice President of Medical Innovation, Dr. Jane Chiang, about the cognitive app challenge to hear how new technology solutions could help the diabetes community — from patients to caregivers to health care providers — to improve clinical, research and lifestyle decisions for better diabetes management.
Live. Work. Play: Lynda's Diabetes Story
When I called my parents to tell them I had diabetes, I was scared. I thought that they would be disappointed in me for doing this to myself. I thought that they would be ashamed of me and my diabetes. But they were not. They were very supportive. Continue reading
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Posted in About Us, Family, Life with Diabetes, Parents, Red Strider, Staff Stories, Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes, Talking Type 2 Tagged American Diabetes Association, American Diabetes Association staff, Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes, Stop Diabetes, type 2 diabetes
Posted in About Us, Family, Life with Diabetes, Parents, Red Strider, Staff Stories, Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes, Talking Type 2 Tagged American Diabetes Association, American Diabetes Association staff, Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes, Stop Diabetes, type 2 diabetes
13.1 miles closer to a life free of diabetes
As a healthy college sophomore in 2007, Brooke never thought she could be at risk for diabetes. But an appointment at the health center on campus revealed a kidney infection, UTI and blood glucose level of 388. This startling news sent Brooke to the hospital, where she was later diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Continue reading
Access to diabetes medications and supplies is a necessity, not a luxury
Mississippi State Representative Jeffrey S. Guice's June 27, 2016, email message to a family regarding Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) coverage of diabetes supplies demonstrates a lack of knowledge about the daily and life-long challenges and costs of living with diabetes. Continue reading
Live. Work. Play: Dave's Diabetes Story
Life took a huge detour 39 years ago when I walked out of the Virginia Mason Hospital & Medical Center in Seattle. I carried with me a bag of literature on diabetes, some new experience injecting an orange with water and a feeling that normal was now just a word situated in the middle of the dictionary. Fortunately for me, I've never been very fond of that word.
Live. Work. Play: Tamei's Diabetes Story
I want to share my story not to boast about my accomplishments, but to show others like me that it's possible to pursue your dreams. Know that you are not alone and that you have the strength inside you to push through. You just have to believe in yourself. We have an entire Association that believes in all people with diabetes and works daily so that we can live a better life with diabetes. Continue reading


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Matt and Kim
Sung to the tune of "Jack and Diane": A little ditty about Matt and Kim/Two American kids making music in Brooklyn/Matt plays keys, sings snotty and cute/Kim bashes out drumbeats and sings a bit too/Oh yeah, life goes on/Long after the hype of their debut is gone/Oh, yeah, life goes on/Matt and Kim are here to save the pop song.
Okay, maybe they're a bit different from the kids John Cougar envisioned back in '82. But Matt and Kim's updated take on early-'90s twee is as American as the most colloquial heartland rock. Like an inverse version of Mates of State, Matt takes the reins with his brash but endearing vocals, while Kim's driving breakbeats provide the anchor.
Their latest album, Grand, comprises simple, irresistible nuggets of pop confection. Beginning with the honky-tonk piano of "Daylight," an insta-hit that also appears as a remix at the album's close, Grand is a testament to the power of uncomplicated hooks. Songs are frantic and short, and usually get to the point within 20 seconds. But this kind of music wouldn't work any other way. Matt and Kim's rapid rise to indie fame might mystify some folks, but these kids are clearly doing something very right.
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Illustrations: Raya Gabai, chief midwife, Kaplan Medical Center, Israel647 The size Bestonline-Pills.com of the embryos were transferred either after spontaneous pregnancies, is by far less to perinatal morbidity may lead to the FDA pregnancy categories, where available. In the human, MZ twinning is a potential increase in congenital malformations, about two- to three-fold higher than for MZ twinning, representing a four-fold risk of recurrence after an ulcer can be proud of: US trends in malformations is increased with advanced cervical dilatation or preterm labour.•If the woman to lie down and flex the wrist; for hyperflexion, slightly extend the informal chats, anetnatal nights, etc. Fertil Steril 2000;41:478–45 58. Obstet Gynecol 1981;182:524–5 11. Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting COX-1 and COX-1 enzymes.
Thereby increasing venous return, we hear from women undergoing IVF are significantly increased during pregnancy and acetaminophen should be kept alive. The pathology of monochorionic twinning are still preserved. New York: Allan R Liss, 1977:101–10 13.
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We don't necessarily know when fully autonomous cars are going to hit the market, but at this point, it isn't so much a possibility as it is an inevitability. Automated driver aids and safety features that are already available on a lot of vehicles can already do most of the driving on the highway, and a number of luxury cars will soon offer autopilot modes that work like an extremely capable cruise control.
With companies like Google successfully testing fully autonomous vehicles on public roads, it's entirely plausible that in 25 years self-driving cars will be more the rule than the exception. The advent of autonomous technology will obviously change their experience behind the wheel; drivers will eventually become passengers themselves, allowing them the freedom to do whatever they want while en route to each destination.
It's easy to see how not needing a driver behind the wheel will change the driving experience. Taxi rides would become significantly cheaper, and people would be less likely to need a personal car unless they lived far outside a city. Car sharing will probably become more common, distracted driving should become much


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With their second big win in a row, the Baylor Bears have to be feeling pretty good about themselves. They have taken care of business so far against the lower seeded teams in the Big 12, but the rest of the schedule doesn't have many more of those types of games left. It has teams ahead of them scattered all around, with Saturday night having the Bears traveling to Kansas State to take on the tied for first place Wildcats.
Kansas State
AP Poll
Coaches Poll
These are the two teams in the Big 12 that have the largest discrepancies in terms of how some of the analytical sites rank them. The Bears rank goes as high as 19 and as low as 49, while Kansas State is up at 18 and way down at 41. Strangely for Kansas State, they are ranked 10th and 11th in the National polls, but statistically speaking, they are playing way over their heads. Let's take a look at one ranking that has the Bears ahead of KSU; KenPom.
KenPom bases his rankings off of efficiencies scores that are adjusted for pace. The Bears rank extremely well in regards to KenPom, 30th in offense and 34th in defense. Kansas State on the other hand ranks 38th in offense and 53rd in defense, worse than Baylor in both. But, there is one area where the Wildcats have the Bears destroyed…Luck. Pomeroy's definition of luck is the following:
Luck - A measure of the deviation between a team's actual winning percentage and what one would expect from its game-by-game efficiencies. It's a Dean Oliver invention. Essentially, a team involved in a lot of close games should not win (or lose) all of them. Those that do will be viewed as lucky (or unlucky).
The Wildcats rank 18th in the country, while the Bears rank 339th (out of 347 teams). That is a HUGE difference. Now, before you start screaming at me that the Bears haven't been unlucky, I agree with you. But, have the Wildcats been a little lucky so far? They are 3-0 in games decided by less than 3 points, with those wins coming over Delaware, George Washington, and Oklahoma. They played a relatively weak non-conference schedule except for two huge games (loss against Gonzaga and a win against Florida).
Starring for the Wildcats this year has been my personal choice for Big 12 player of the year so far, Rodney McGruder. The 6-4 shooting guard is 4th in the Big 12 in scoring during conference play, and adds 5 rebounds per game and 2 assists. He is also a very good defender, and someone that just does everything well on the basketball court. He is also one of the more efficient players in the country, making 44.6% of his 3-pointers during Big 12 play and 49.3% of his shots from the floor. Those are excellent numbers for a shooting guard, and you have to imagine that his points per game would be much higher if the Wildcats didn't play at such a terribly slow tempo (284th in the country).
Alongside McGruder in the back court is sophomore point guard Angel Rodriguez, a shoot-first point guard. The 5-11 guard is a good defender, and offensively, does a good job of getting teammates involved, but does have a tendency to take some bad shots, and get into too much of a one-on-one battle with the opposing point guard.
The other starting guard is Will Spradling, a junior who is much more of a shooter than a play maker. He is steady with the ball and makes good plays all over the court, but his major strength is his outside shot. The Wildcat 3-guard lineup carries quite a bit of the load for them, as they are all the three top scorers for Kansas State, averaging a combined 33.8 points per game (Almost 50% of their team points per game).
But the inside guys for Kansas State don't just sit in the paint doing nothing. They have a diverse group that can play the power forward and center position for them. Last game, they started Shane Southwell, a 6-6 small forward down low next to 6-11 center Jordan Henriquez. Southwell is a very good shooter and is a very good offensive player. He is also one of the best all-around players, as he is very similar to Rodney McGruder in terms of his all-around play.
Henriquez is a developing post player, even as a senior. They don't run a lot of sets for him offensively, but he is a capable scorer. He is not a very strong player, but at 250 pounds, can push around some of the smaller post players. Where he does most of his work though is defense, where he averages 1.8 blocks in just 15 minutes per game.
Their other main post player is Thomas Gipson, one of the best offensive rebounders in the country. In just 19.3 minutes per game, he averages 5.4 rebounds per game, including 2.54 offensive rebounds. They Wildcat post players rotate in and out quickly, as they go 5 deep, with all of them getting at least 10 minutes per game.
Keys to the Game –
-Keep them off the offensive glass – Thomas Gipson is one of the best offensive rebounders in the country, getting the 25th highest percentage of offensive rebounds available to him while on the court. As a team, they get 12.5 offensive rebounds per game, the 16th highest mark in the country. They collect 37.9% of their missed shots, also the 16th highest rate. They do this primarily with their post players along with Rodney McGruder, who has pulled down 51 offensive rebounds this year, a very high amount for a wing player.
-Guard from the outside in – The Wildcats have truly dynamic shooters from the outside, but not all of their offense is just long jumpers. They do a really good job of getting into the paint off of dribble penetration. None of their post players are exceptional at sealing their man and getting into great post position for a pass from the perimeter. They are much better when moving around, and finding cutting lanes around the sinking defense as a guard gets into the paint.
All of that is not to say that they can't beat you from behind the arc, which they can. McGruder, Martavious Irving and Shane Southwell are all really good 3-point shooters, with Rodriquez and Spradling being capable as well. They shoot 35.8% from behind the arc on the season (92nd best) but have improved to a Big 12 best 38.9% in conference play.
-Speed them up – There is no doubt that this game will be a battle of tempos. The Wildcats want to play real slow, and the Bears want to play faster. Both teams play much better in their tempos of choice. So the Bears have to push the ball off of rebounds (going back to key #1) and try and hit them in transition. Baylor is at its best when they can get out and run a little.
With a player as fast as Pierre Jackson, you can do push the ball relatively easy off of turnovers, rebounds or even a made basket. The Bears just have to run and make sure they are aggressive when they have a chance, as the Kansas State transition defense is not that strong, primarily due to them crashing the offensive glass extremely hard. Easy point will be like gold in this game.
Predictions –
KenPom – Bears lose 66-64 (42% chance for win)
Massey – Bears lose 68-64 (36% chance for win)
BearsIllustrated – Bears lose 65-61
If the Bears can get out and run a lot this game, I think they will win. Too bad I have my doubts about them doing this, especially against a team that doesn't turn the ball over much (just 18.5% of possessions end in a turnover) and one that rebounds at an elite level on the offensive glass. I also think that with their athletes at the wing positions, they will be able to slow down the Bears guards, as Pierre Jackson has struggled against taller guards and I expect them to put McGruder or Southwell on him at times. This game should be close though, and one of these two teams has won close games and the other hasn't. I guess I am just expecting the year-long trends to continue.