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Blogging will return tomorrow morning.
Update Thursday 9:00 EST: Helping a family from Ukraine with their immigration status today. My contribution to charity and to a better Canada. I do not know how long this will take, but when I am finished it is back to blogging.
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
There Are Currently No Wars In The Western Hemisphere
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos (L) and Marxist rebel leader Timochenko shake hands after signing an accord ending a half-century war that killed a quarter of a million people, in Cartagena, Colombia September 26, 2016. REUTERS/John Vizcaino
Greg Myer, NPR: Guess What? As Of Today, The Western Hemisphere Has No Wars
Fidel Castro and his rag-tag band of fighters assembled on the shores of Mexico, stealthily navigated their overcrowded boat to southeastern Cuba, and unleashed a 1956 insurgency that rocked all of Latin America. That temblor lasted 60 years and ended, more or less, on Monday.
Castro seized power in 1959, and his brother Raul still rules Cuba today. The revolution washed over the entire region, inspiring leftist insurgencies throughout Latin America for decades until the final one effectively came to a close as the Colombian government and the FARC rebels signed a peace deal in the Colombian coastal city of Cartagena.
"Long live Colombia, long live peace," the crowd chanted as Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos and rebel leader Rodrigo Londono, both dressed in all white, shook hands on Monday evening.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: There may not be any wars right now .... but there is a lot of political unrest occurring right now in many Latin American countries.
OPEC Reaches Deal On Cutting Oil Output
Participants attend the end session of the 15th International Energy Forum Ministerial (IEF15) in Algiers, Algeria September 28, 2016. REUTERS/Ramzi Boudina
Reuters: OPEC reaches first deal to cut oil output since 2008 - sources
OPEC agreed on Wednesday to cut its oil output for the first time since 2008, with the group's leader Saudi Arabia softening its stance on arch-rival Iran amid mounting pressure from low oil prices.
Two sources in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries said the group would reduce output to 32.5 million barrels per day from current production of 33.24 million bpd.
How much each country will produce is to be decided at the next formal meeting of OPEC in November, when an invitation to join cuts could also be extended to non-OPEC countries such as Russia, sources said.
Oil prices LCOc1 jumped more than 5 percent to trade above $48 per barrel as of 1830 GMT after the outcome of OPEC's informal meeting in Algeria took traders by surprise. Still, many said they wanted to see the details of the deal.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: So much for Saudi Arabia's policy of grabbing market share .... they have thrown in the towel. Russia is not part of this deal .... which tells me that the bump in prices that OPEC was hoping for may not happen (at least for now).
More News On OPEC Reaching A Deal To Cut Oil Output
OPEC Agrees on Need to Cut Oil Output -- WSJ
OPEC agrees to limit oil output at 32.5 million barrels per day -- Reuters
OPEC Agrees to First Oil Output Cut in Eight Years -- Bloomberg
Oil Climbs Most in Five Months as OPEC Said to Reach Output Deal -- Bloomberg
World News Briefs -- September 28, 2016
US Secretary of State John Kerry (L) demanded that Russia halt the Syrian regime's assault on Aleppo (AFP Photo/Fabrice Coffrini)
DW: US gives Russia ultimatum to halt Aleppo attacks
Washington has vowed to end coordination with Moscow in Syria in response to an ongoing siege of Aleppo. More than 250 civilians have died since the Syrian army launched a brutal campaign to retake the city.
US State Secretary John Kerry on Wednesday threatened to end Washington's engagement with Russia in Syria following a brutal regime offensive against rebels in Aleppo.
"He informed the foreign minister that the United States is making preparations to suspend US-Russia bilateral engagement on Syria … unless Russia takes immediate steps to end the assault on Aleppo and restore the cessation of hostilities," said US State Department spokesman John Kirby.
Read more ....
Warplanes knock out Aleppo hospitals as Russian-backed assault intensifies. Deadly air strikes hit two Aleppo hospitals. Two Aleppo hospitals bombed out of service in 'catastrophic' airstrikes.
Syrian National Coalition: Political solution 'no longer viable option' in Syria.
McCain and Graham mock Kerry for threatening to call off talks with Russia on Syria.
ISIS no longer controls any Iraqi oil.
Lebanese army faces jihadist threat on Syrian border.
Turkey: 32,000 jailed for links to group 'behind' coup.
Iran atomic chief sees no threat to nuclear deal if Trump becomes U.S. president.
King of Jordan lashes out: 'US thinks it knows Middle East better than us'.
Israel's elder statesman, Shimon Peres, dies at 93. Israel mourns as preparations begin for Peres' funeral.
US air strike reportedly kills 13 Afghan civilians.
EU's secret ultimatum to Afghanistan: accept 80,000 deportees or lose aid.
Pyongyang has 88 pounds of weapons-grade Plutonium - Seoul.
U.S. says probing more China firms for North Korea sanctions breaches.
Philippines' Duterte vows to end joint US military drills.
Muted outrage over Philippine drug killings.
Pakistan humiliated by south Asian countries' boycott of summit.
Amnesty calls off launch of Thai torture report after police warning.
Japanese PM hopes for frank dialogue with Putin in December.
US military: Killed 4 Somali al-Shabab fighters in 'self-defense'. US launches 'self-defense strike' against Shabaab in southern Somalia.
Libyan general in east rejects UN-backed government.
Paris to host international meeting on Libya next week.
South Sudan says rebel leader's call to arms 'unacceptable'.
Militant faction vows again to fight S. Sudan government.
Hunger 'deadlier than violence' in Boko Haram-hit northeast Nigeria.
Nigeria trying to muzzle dissenting voices, Amnesty says.
US blacklists DR Congo general, Kabila advisor.
UN Human Rights Council discusses situations in DR Congo, Libya, Ukraine and Burundi.
Egypt arrests owner, crew of shipwrecked migrant boat.
In Egypt's Guantanamo 'abuse is systematic'.
Minister: Agriculture in Sierra Leone 'fully recovered' after Ebola ourbreak.
Investigators: Russian missile downed MH17. Malaysian flight MH17 downed by Russian-made missile: prosecutors.
EU hopes to move 30,000 refugees from Greece by end of 2017.
Almost all EU states 'could follow Britain's lead and leave the EU' as it is 'moving in the wrong direction', French MP warns.
EU seeks money for joint defense programs.
Croatian president opens formal talks to form government.
Spanish socialist leader faces revolt over refusal to end political deadlock.
Deutsche Bank relief helps European markets regain footing.
Nemtsov murder trial to take place at Moscow court on October 3.
Snowden again fails to win no-extradition pledge from Norway.
Senate overrides Obama 9/11 veto in overwhelming vote. Congress votes to override Obama veto on 9/11 victims bill.
White House lashes out at 'embarrassing' Senate veto override.
CIA's Brennan says it's 'hard to believe' senators defied Obama on Saudi 9/11 bill.
FBI director again defends integrity of Clinton email probe. FBI's Comey rejects call to reopen Clinton email case, refuses to say she's truthful.
Clinton campaign in 'panic mode' over Florida black voters.
Poll finds 7 percent of U.S. voters have ended friendships over the election.
Nearly 1 million Colombians in U.S. could tip peace deal vote.
California community outraged after officer kills unarmed black man.
California suspends 'business relationships' with Wells Fargo.
Two US strikes in Yemen hit al-Qaeda targets, kill four.
Where is ISIS now? Islamic State targets include US, Spain, Belgium, and dozens of other nations.
US Senators press FBI director on response to terrorism threat.
Wall Street rallies as OPEC reaches output deal.
Shareholders approve AB InBev-SABMiller merger.
World Bank chief reappointed amid criticism.
Forbes: Trump's fortune down $800M.
Military And Intelligence News Briefs -- September 28, 2016
(Click on Image to Enlarge)
IBTimes: The Battle for Mosul: 3 maps explaining the planned offensive against the Isis stronghold in Iraq
Iraqi army units will push towards Mosul from the south while the Kurds wait in the wings
As Islamic State (Isis) fortifies the outskirts of Mosul with oil-filled trenches, barricades and blast walls, the Iraqi army and Kurdish forces surrounding the city are preparing for a bloody battle to liberate Iraq's second biggest city from the jihadis. After two years of brutal IS rule in Mosul, Baghdad is poised to take the city back with intelligence sources confirming to IBTimes UK on Monday (26 September) that the troops would move in before early October.
Read more ....
Military And Intelligence News Briefs -- September 28, 2016
US to boost military presence in Iraq ahead of Mosul battle -- France 24
U.S. to send more troops to Iraq ahead of Mosul battle -- Reuters
US-led coalition troops in Iraq reach 8,000: Official -- World Bulletin
Chemical weapon wasn't used near U.S. troops in Iraq -- Military Times/USA Today
ISIS no longer controls any Iraqi oil -- RUDAW
Pyongyang Has 88 Pounds of Weapons-Grade Plutonium - Seoul -- Sputnik
Bombs Away: Russia to Build Unique Mine-Clearing Robot Based on Armata -- Sputnik
Russian nuclear sub test-fired 2 Bulava missiles from White Sea -- TASS
'Black holes' of the Russian Navy -- TASS
Panel: NATO Needs More Capability to Effectively Deter Russia -- USNI News
Azerbaijan To Supply Military With New 'Kamikaze' Drone -- Newsweek
Women in Combat: Female Battalion in Iran Joins Law Enforcement -- Sputnik
Eavesdropping Norway Rolls Out Two New Spy Ships -- Sputnik
UK MI5 Releases Secret Files of Soviet Spies, WW2 Double Agents -- Sputnik
US air strike reportedly kills 13 Afghan civilians -- Al Jazeera
Pentagon Probes Reports of Afghan Civilian Casualties in US Drone Strike -- Sputnik
At least 7 Afghan military students AWOL in US this month, Pentagon says -- FOX News
Carter: Afghanistan War Supplemental Request Coming in November -- Defense News
US Looks to Accelerate Deployment of South Korea Missile Defense -- AP
Greenland's receding icecap to expose top-secret US nuclear project -- The Guardian
McMaster: U.S. Army Must Prioritize Close-Combat Capability -- Defense News
A military aircraft whose cost goes down? Boeing churns out P-8 sub hunters based on 737 -- Seattle Times
Air Force budget woes could scuttle effort to add more airmen -- Air Force Times
House Panel Set to Reform Military Space Operations -- USNI News
So Much for 'The Few': Marines Corps Wants 8,000 New Troops -- Sputnik
Marines May See Future Fights in Mega-Cities, Planners Say -- Military.com
New Marine Corps Operating Concept Emphasizes Maneuver Warfare -- USNI News
U.S. Believes Hackers Are Shielded by Russia to Hide Its Role in Cyberintrusions -- WSJ
U.S. Air Force Preps a Controversial No-Bid Purchase of Spy Planes -- Defense One
CIA director: 9/11 bill will have 'grave implications' for national security -- The Hill
5 Statements From Top Military Brass That Should Concern You -- Andrew Santora, Daily Signal
Unplug, Soldier! Too Much Online Time is Hurting the Army -- Defense One
Philippine President Duterte: No More Joint Military Exercises And Naval Patrols With U.S. After Next Month
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte © Erik De Castro / Reuters
Wall Street Journal: Philippines Leader to End Joint Military Exercises, Naval Patrols With U.S.
President Rodrigo Duterte wants to avoid upsetting China, with which he wants stronger trade and investment ties.
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on Wednesday said joint military exercises scheduled next month between the Philippines and the U.S. will be the last for the longtime allies, as he seeks to avoid upsetting China, with which he hopes to build stronger trade and investment ties.
He also said he would end routine joint naval patrols in the South China Sea.
"I will serve notice to you now that this will be the last military exercise," Mr. Duterte said to an audience of some 350 Filipinos in Hanoi, where he is on a two-day state visit to Vietnam
Still, the Philippine leader reaffirmed that his country's cooperation with the U.S. stands. "I will maintain the military alliance—the RP-US pact, which our countries signed in the early 50s," Mr. Duterte said.
Read more ....
Update #1: Duterte declares upcoming Philippines-U.S. war games 'the last one' -- Reuters
Update #2: Duterte Calls for End to US-Philippine Military Exercises, Part of Tilt Towards China -- The Diplomat
WNU Editor: They are opening the champagne bottles in Beijing.
US Threatens to End Syria Talks With Russia
(L-R) U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov © Andrew Kelly / Reuters
Washington Post: U.S. threatens to suspend all bilateral cooperation with Russia over Syria
The United States is preparing to suspend all bilateral cooperation with Russia over Syria unless Moscow takes immediate steps to end the ongoing assault on the city of Aleppo and moves to restore a collapsed cease-fire, the State Department said Wednesday.
The action would mean the effective end of nearly a year of intensive, bilateral diplomacy, led by Secretary of State John F. Kerry, to wean Russia away from its support for President Bashar al-Assad and persuade it to join forces with the United States in its counterterrorism efforts in Syria against al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.
The announcement came amid reports of a ferocious ongoing assault by Syrian and Russian jets and Syrian ground troops on surrounded, rebel-occupied eastern Aleppo, where the United Nations has said more than 250,000 civilians are trapped.
Read more ....
More News On The US Threatening to End Syria Talks With Russia
Kerry threatens Russia with end to joint Syria diplomacy -- AP
US threatens to end cooperation unless Russia stops Aleppo assault -- AFP
US Threatens to End Syria Talks With Russia -- ABC News
Syria: US tells Russia it will end talks if bombing continues -- BBC
US warns Russia it will 'cut ties' over Syria unless bombing in Aleppo stops -- The Independent
U.S. Threatens To End Cooperation With Russia Over Aleppo Assault -- RFE
The U.S. Is Threatening to Cut Off Talks With Russia Over Aleppo -- The Atlantic
US Threatens to Suspend Engagement With Russia in Syria Over Aleppo Situation -- Sputnik
Pentagon To Deploy 615 More Soldiers To Iraq
ABC News: Defense Secretary Says 615 More US Troops Will Be Deployed to Iraq
Defense Secretary Ash Carter has announced that 615 additional American troops will head to Iraq to assist the country's military in its future offensive to re-take Mosul from ISIS.
Currently the United States has 4,565 military personnel in Iraq who are training, advising and assisting Iraq's military in the fight against ISIS. With the additional increase, the authorized troop number for Iraq will rise to 5,262.
Carter made the announcement while traveling in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He told reporters traveling with him that the additional troops would "further enable" Iraqi forces engaged in the future offensive on Mosul.
Read more ....
More News On The Pentagon Deploying 615 More Soldiers To Iraq
Officials: US to send more troops to Iraq to help with Mosul -- AP
U.S. to send more troops to Iraq ahead of Mosul battle -- Reuters
US Iraq agree on plan to send more American troops -- CNN
US to send hundreds more troops to Iraq -- FOX News
U.S. Officials: 600 More Troops Heading To Iraq -- NBC News
Pentagon sending 600 more US troops to Iraq -- The Hill
U.S. to send 600 more troops to Iraq for Mosul offensive -- USA Today
Iraq requests more US troops ahead of Mosul battle -- AFP
US to deploy 600 troops to Iraq for Mosul offensive -- Al Jazeera
600 more US troops to be deployed to Iraq to recapture Mosul – Pentagon chief -- RT
U.S. Senate Votes 97-1 To Overturn Obama's Veto Of Bill Allowing 9/11 Victims And Families To Sue Saudi Arabia
NYT: U.S. Senate Votes to Override Obama Veto on 9/11 Victims Bill
WASHINGTON — A sweeping bipartisan majority in the Senate on Wednesday rejected President Obama's veto of legislation that would allow families of those killed in the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to sue Saudi Arabia for any role in the plot, all but assuring that Mr. Obama would suffer the first override vote of his presidency.
The vote was 97 to 1, with only Senator Harry Reid, Democrat of Nevada, siding with the president.
With the House nearly certain to follow the Senate later on Wednesday, the 9/11 bill will become law in a remarkable yet complicated bipartisan rebuke. Still, the measure itself remains contentious, and even some of those who cast a vote against Mr. Obama conceded that they did not fully support it.
Mr. Obama's greatest allies on Capitol Hill, who have labored for nearly eight years to stop most bills he opposes from even crossing his desk, turned against him, joining Republicans in the remonstrance.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: Harry Reid was the only U.S. Senator to vote with President Obama. The House of Representatives will be voting later today.
More News On The U.S. Senate Voting 97-1 To Overturn Obama's Veto Of Bill Allowing 9/11 Victims And Families To Sue Saudi Arabia
Senators vote to override Obama's veto of Sept. 11 bill -- AP
Senate overwhelmingly rejects Obama veto of Saudi September 11 bill -- Reuters
BREAKING NEWS: Senate votes 97-1 to overturn Obama's veto of bill allowing 9/11 victims and families to SUE Saudi Arabia over attacks -- Daily Mail
Senate overwhelmingly votes to override Obama veto on 9/11 bill -- USA Today
Senate votes to override Obama veto on 9/11 bill -- FOX News
Senate overrides Obama 9/11 veto in overwhelming vote -- The Hill
Senate Overrides Obama's Veto of Bill Allowing Terror Victims to Sue Foreign Governments -- WSJ
Senate Votes to Override Obama Veto of Saudi 9/11 Lawsuit Bill -- Bloomberg
Senate Votes To Override Obama's Veto On Sept. 11 Lawsuit Bill -- NPR
Report: MH17 Missile 'Came From Russia'
BBC: MH17 missile 'came from Russia', Dutch-led investigators say
International prosecutors say Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was downed over eastern Ukraine in 2014 by a Buk missile that had come from Russia.
They also narrowed down the area it was fired from to a field in territory controlled by Russian-backed rebels.
All 298 people on board the Boeing 777 died when it broke apart in mid-air flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur.
Russia says it cannot accept the findings as the final truth, saying no Russian weapons were taken to Ukraine.
"Based on the criminal investigation, we have concluded that flight MH17 was downed by a Buk missile of the series 9M83 that came from the territory of the Russian Federation," chief Dutch police investigator Wilbert Paulissen told a news conference on Wednesday.
Read more ....
More News On The Dutch MH17 Report
Probe: Malaysian jet downed by missile launcher from Russia -- AP
Malaysian flight MH17 downed by Russian-made missile: prosecutors -- Reuters
Russia Implicated in Shooting Down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 Over Ukraine -- New York Times
MH17 shot down by Russian-made missile fired from rebel-held area, prosecutors say -- ABC Online
Dutch investigation: Russian missile brought down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 -- UPI
Missile From Russia Shot Down MH17, Dutch Officials Say -- Bloomberg
MH17: Missile fired from Russia-backed rebel area -- Al Jazeera
MH17 shot down by rebels using Buk system brought from Russia – int'l investigators -- RT
BUK Missile System That Took Down MH17 'Brought From Russia' - Prosecutors -- Sputnik
MH17 Investigation Says All Evidence Points to Russia, Won't Give Names -- Moscow Times
MH17: Buk missile finding sets Russia and west at loggerheads -- The Guardian
MH17 crash investigators call not to rush with accusations against Russia -- TASS
A 'Long Haul' Still Ahead for Russia and Flight MH17 Crash -- Moscow Times
Bellingcat Vindicated After Latest MH17 Report Blames Russia -- Moscow Times
MH17 report to answer some but not all questions -- Al Jazeera
Russia Reaction To The MH17 Report
Russia Dismisses MH17 Findings As False, Politically-Motivated -- Reuters
Russia 'Disappointed' In MH17 Investigation, Dismisses Probe As 'Biased' -- RFE
Int'l investigators allowed Ukraine to fabricate MH17 evidence – Russia -- RT
Investigators of MH17 crash fail to match real damage — missile manufacturer -- TASS
Russian defense ministry doubts objectivity of MH17 crash investigators' report -- TASS
Int'l MH17 crash investigation 'politically deficient, defective by process' -- RT
MH17 Crash Probe's Data Based on Internet, Ukraine's Intel - Russian MoD -- Sputnik
MH17 int'l probe's only sources are Ukrainian intel & internet - Russian MoD -- RT
Turkish Tanks Are Being Decimated In Syria
Sebastien Roblin, War Is Boring: Turkish Tanks Take a Pounding in Syria
Rebels armed with guided missiles punish Ankara's tank force.
Ankara's tanks have been in the news a lot this year, whether prowling the streets of the Turkish capital in a failed coup attempt, or taking missile fire from rebel fighters on the Syrian border.
Recently, Turkish armor crossed over into Syria and drove the Islamic State terrorist group from its last holdings along the Turkish border — and also fought with U.S.-backed Kurdish rebels, creating a frustrating diplomatic quandary for the White House.
It's easy to see why Turkey's tanks are so active. The country is facing one of its worst geopolitical crises in decades, and it also maintains an enormous tank force — more than 2,400 all told, greater than the tank forces of France, Germany and the United Kingdom combined.
But only Turkey's 354 German-made Leopard 2A4 tanks are modern designs, and even those date back to 1985.
The vast majority of Turkey's tanks are American-made M-48 and M-60 Patton tanks. The latter type, which entered service the same year as the Cuban Missile Crisis, is rather long in the tooth. But curiously enough, the M-60 has seen the most combat.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: The above video .... if those are Turkish tanks .... is very revealing on how vulnerable these tanks are.
Editor's Note
Stuck in meetings this morning. Blogging will return later today. Military and Intelligence News briefs and World News Briefs will be posted at 17:00 EST and 18:00 EST respectively.
Africa's Top Oil Producers Are Unravelling
(Click on Image to Enlarge)
Africa's long-time, largest oil producer is wavering. For six months in a row (March-August), Nigeria landed in the number two spot of the continent's largest producers of crude, falling behind Angola, according to OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) data.
Oil production levels provide insight into the stability – or instability – of the two countries, which are heavily reliant on oil exports for federal revenue. In Nigeria, at least 90 percent of export revenues come from oil, and the oil industry provides the government with more than 70 percent of its income. In Angola, the oil and gas sector accounts for 95 percent of exports and 45 percent of GDP.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: This article focuses on Nigeria and Angola .... but one can also add Libya, South Sudan, and Algeria to the mix.
Are We Facing Another 2008 Financial Crisis?
© Kai Pfaffenbach / Reuters
RT: Deutsche Bank woes stoking fears of 2008 financial crisis repeat
Europe's biggest lender Deutsche Bank has lost more than half of its value since January, posing a threat to the stability of other banks across the continent. Some analysts are worried it could invoke a large-scale crisis, bigger than in 2008.
After a massive sell-off on Monday, Deutsche Bank's market value shrank to €14.5 billion. In dollar terms it is only $2 billion more than the $14 billion penalty the bank faces from the United States Department of Justice over its mortgage-backed securities business before the 2008 global crisis.
Deutsche's problems have raised questions about the health of other big European lenders. The share price of the Royal Bank of Scotland has plunged 13 percent and Italy's UniCredit is down 12 percent this month. The Bloomberg Europe 500 Banks and Financial Services Index is down 4.2 percent for September. This is the worst result since June, when the Brexit referendum heavily hit the markets.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: There is confusion on what the German government is going to do .... Germany 'prepares Deutsche Bank rescue' (BBC) .... or this .... Germany denies preparing Deutsche Bank rescue plan (Reuters). But one thing is certain .... German Chancellor Angela Merkel is racing reelection next year, and this crisis will definitely kill her chances of being re-elected.
Update: A small reprieve (maybe) .... Deutsche Bank is rallying off record lows for a whole bunch of reasons (CNBC).
What Did U.S. Soldiers Think Of Monday's Presidential Debate?
Donald Trump speaks as Hillary Clinton listens. REUTERS/Rick Wilking
Nancy Youssef, Daily Beast: Pentagon Cringes at Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's War Talk
The first presidential debate had heads shaking in Arlington, as the candidates oversimplified war, counterterrorism, and cybersecurity.
Troops based at the Pentagon watched Monday's presidential debate—and grimaced. Both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump discussed the final days of the war in Iraq, the self-proclaimed Islamic State, and NATO in largely simplified terms. But in the hallways of the Pentagon, those black-and-white depictions didn't match the thorny global security issues as they saw them—far more complex and in the grey.
And when the candidates weren't mangling issues, they planted themselves in fantasy worlds.
Take Trump's assertion that his temperament was best suited for the job. That really captured the military's attention, particularly at the Pentagon, which is filled with commanders who rose through the ranks, in part, because of their perceived temperament on the battlefield.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: I have lived long enough and I have seen enough U.S. elections to know that the U.S. soldier is rarely impressed with the Presidential candidates that are running. This year is no exception.
The U.S. Wants To Deploy Its Missile Defense System In South Korea ASAP
A Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) interceptor is launched during a successful intercept test, in this undated handout photo provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, Missile Defense Agency. U.S. Department of Defense, Missile Defense Agency/Handout
Reuters: U.S to deploy anti-missile system in South Korea 'as soon as possible'
The United States will speed up deployment of the THAAD anti-missile system to South Korea given the pace of North Korea's missile tests, and it will be stationed there "as soon as possible," the top U.S. diplomat for East Asia said on Tuesday.
Daniel Russel, assistant secretary of state for East Asia, also told a congressional hearing the United States was in discussions with international partners, including the European Union, to deny North Korea access to international banking infrastructure after its recent nuclear and missile tests.
Russel told the House subcommittee for Asia the timing of the deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system was a Pentagon matter.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: The North Koreans must be spooking a lot fo people in Washington for the U.S. to be this eager to deploy its THAAD anti-missile system ASAP.
More News On The U.S. Wanting To Deploy Its Missile Defense System To South Korea ASAP
US looks to accelerate deployment of missile defense system in South Korea -- AP
US plans to deploy THAAD in South Korea 'as soon as possible,' official says -- Stars and Stripes
U.S. official: THAAD to be deployed to deter North Korea threats -- UPI
Former NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen: Putin Was Once a Pro-Western Politician
NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen © Yves Herman / Reuters
Georgia Today: Former NATO Chief Claims Putin Was Once a Pro-Western Politician
KYIV - Former NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen claimed in an interview with independent Ukrainian broadcaster Hromadske that Russian President Vladimir Putin was a pro-Western politician when he first came to power in late 1999, but later soured on his relationship with the West.
"The first time we saw each other was in May 2002. At that time, he was a very pro-Western and pro-European president. I had met him under different circumstances in later years, and each time his attitude become increasingly negative. All this because of the color revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine. He was convinced that the revolutions were instigated and financed by the United States," said Rassmusen.
Georgia's 2003 Rose Revolution and Ukraine's Orange Revolution in 2004 - known as the 'color revolutions' - attempted to overthrow the two countries' post-Soviet governments, which were widely seen as endemically corrupt and staunchly pro-Russian.
Read more ....
WNU Editor: I do not think Putin was "pro-West" when he came to power in late 1999. He always struck me as someone who was bitter that the Soviet Union collapsed, and doubly bitter that the Communist Party was too slow and too disorganised to institute the necessary reforms that could have saved it. As for his belief that the U.S. was responsible for the overthrow of pro-Prussian governments in Georgia and Ukraine .... he is not the only one.
On a side note, former NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen now wants the U.S. to be the policeman of the world .... Former NATO chief Rasmussen wants US 'to police the world' (RT).
Tweet For Today
BREAKING: Former Israeli PM, President and Nobel laureate Shimon Peres has died at age 93, Israeli media say https://t.co/wPOsdEMzRz pic.twitter.com/VSD9mFWWZ4— CNN (@CNN) September 28, 2016
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Flatbush + Main Episode 01: Histories of Waste in Brooklyn
Last Friday, April 22, was Earth Day, recognized since 1970 as a day to agitate for environmental consciousness and protection. In honor of that, Episode 01 of Brooklyn Historical Society's podcast Flatbush + Main tackles one of the most pressing … Continue reading
Brooklyn Bounty 2014: ReConnect Café
In anticipation of Brooklyn Bounty, BHS's premier fundraiser at 26 Bridge on October 22nd, we are profiling our participating restaurants and honorees of the Food & Heritage Awards. Below is a profile of ReConnect Café, recipient of our Pioneer Award, … Continue reading
A Magnolia Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Note: The events described in this post took place in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant during the 1960s and 70s, and were part of a larger story of civil rights activism across Brooklyn. For more resources on the history … Continue reading
Posted in Brooklyn Past & Present, Library & Archives Tagged activism, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn History, community Leave a comment
Photo of the Week: The Changing City
I recently visited my brother in Paris, and in preparation for this trip, I went to see an exhibit of historical photographs at the Metropolitan Museum – Charles Marville: Photographer of Paris. Beginning in the mid-19th century, a city planner … Continue reading
Photo of the Week: Self Portrait
This charming photograph comes from a photo album discovered and donated to the Brooklyn Historical Society by the current owner of 141 Quincy Street. The album contains interior photographs of the home, this young lady's family members including a sister, … Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


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Dr. Martens
Vegan 1461 3 Eye Shoes
Flats By Dr Martens
The 3 Eyelet 1461 Shoe from Dr. Martens is a classic. This style is especially for the vegan consumer with a synthetic, vegan friendly materials that maintain the quality accustomed with the brand, made with Goodyear welt, the upper and sole are heat sealed and sewn together.
- - Synthetic upper
- - Synthetic lining
- - PVC sole
- - 3cm heel
Style number 2262000000
- UK & NI Delivery£3.50 or FREE Delivery on full price items
- Next Day Delivery£5.00. Order up to 9pm*
- Saturday Delivery£6.00. Order by 5pm Friday*
- Sunday Delivery£7.00. Order by 5pm Friday*
- Click & CollectFREE and avaliable within 3 working days to any of our UK and Irish OFFICE / OFFSPRING stores
- International DeliveryCost dependant on country. International Standard Delivery within 2-10 working days. International Express Delivery within 2-5 working days.
* Click here for full delivery details
Not happy with a purchase? No problem. You can return to our warehouse, via Collect+ or to one of our UK stores within 28 days of purchase.
Footwear should be unworn and in its original packaging. Your refund will then be processed back to your original method of payment.Click here for more information on returns.


text:
LATEST News
Sep 27
TBT Podcast | Season 2, Ep. 1
DJ Kennedy to the Nuggets; what it's like to win $20k when your team wins; and Brandon "B-dot" Armstong.
Sep 16
TBT 2016 All Tournament Team
Two Champions, Two Semifinalists lead TBT 2016's All-Tournament Team
Aug 01
TBT Expanding to China with Yao Ming
Winner of TBT China earns a slot in TBT 2017 in the USA.
Aug 01
Who Gets The Band With $2M On The Line?
Vote now for which team gets the Pep Band for TBT 2016's Championship Game!


text:
Queen of the Mob
Release Date: January 1st, 1940
Not Yet Rated|1 hr. 1 min.
Plot Summary
Ma Webster (Blanche Yurka) and her boys rob a bank on Christmas Eve; G-men stop them with Tommy guns.
Cast: Ralph Bellamy, Blanche Yurka, J. Carrol Naish,
Director: James Hogan
Genres: Crime drama


text:
Lake Conroe: Luxury Vacation Rentals (1)
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Could Michael Jordan play at 50?
February 13, 2013
Michael Jordan speculated in his Hall of Fame induction speech that he could be playing at 50, but how effective would he really be? Numbers Never Lie looked at one of the only 50-year-olds to excel in professional sports -- hockey legend Gordie Howe. Howe scored 43 points in 58 games during his age 50 season, about 54.7 percent of his total as a 40-year-old. Applying the same metric to Jordan's career, we'd expect a 50-year-old Jordan to score 10.9 points per game. Is this way too optimistic, or within the realm of possibility for a player as a great as Jordan?


text:
News & Gossip
South Gossip
Watch Movies Online
Trade News
Yeh Hai Mohabbatein
Salman Khan
Online Shopping
Samsung Mobile
Micromax Mobile
Apple Mobile
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Follow Dussehra on BollywoodLife:
18 Dussehra Articles
Dussehra special feature: Who in Bollywood can play Ravana?
5 years ago
Thanks to Shahrukh Khan there has been a RA.One overload and yet his fans can't get enough. But there is another Ravana who is already part of the Indian ethos. With Dussehra celebrations going on all over the world, the mythic Bad Man is in centre focus. Legend has it that Ravana wasn't all black, […]
Read Article ▶
Ajay Devgn calls 'Rascals' a 'mad comedy riot'
5 years ago
Ajay Devgn, B-town's most elusive but talented actor is currently busy with the promotions of his big Dussehra release this week, Rascals. Recently the actor was seen at a store opening in Mumbai where he got talking about the movie. Ajay called his film Rascals as a 'mad comedy riot'. He also feels the movie […]
Read Article ▶
Dussehra Celebrations on the sets of 'KBC 5'
5 years ago
Here's a sneek peek into what all is to happen on the sets of KBC 5, on the holy eve of Dussehra. The special episode will start with a colorful depiction of victory of truth over evil through Ramleela. Amitabh Bachchan will be seen in a dashing, red attire. On the hot seat we will […]
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Sorry Salman Khan! Fans love Aishwarya Rai's Bulleya from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil more than Sultan's
Hrithik Roshan and Kangana Ranaut's battle is NOT over yet - Rakesh Roshan speaks up!
Listen up Ranbir Kapoor, Salman Khan is #TeamShivaay!
10 Fawad Khan GIFS that totally illustrate our daily emotions!
Did Katrina Kaif DITCH Ranbir Kapoor on Jagga Jasoos sets?
Katrina opens up about working with Salman for Tiger Zinda Hai: It's going to be interesting to be back on sets together!
Deepika Padukone, Anushka Sharma and Parineeti Chopra in the running for Hrithik Roshan's Krrish 4?
Katrina Kaif has NOT seen Ranbir Kapoor's Ae Dil Hai Mushkil trailer and here's PROOF!
Movie this week: M. S. Dhoni - The Untold Story
Farah Khan, Prakash Jha, Karan Johar: Directors who tried their luck at acting but weren't successful
Ae Dil Hai Mushkil News
Listen up Ranbir Kapoor, Salman Khan is #TeamShivaay!
Will Aishwarya Rai Bachchan promote Ae Dil Hai Mushkil on Salman Khan's Bigg Boss 10?
Salman Khan will not promote Ae Dil Hai Mushkil on Bigg Boss 10 and Aishwarya Rai is not the reason
Katrina Kaif has NOT seen Ranbir Kapoor's Ae Dil Hai Mushkil trailer and here's PROOF!
Sorry Salman Khan! Fans love Aishwarya Rai's Bulleya from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil more than Sultan's
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News Feature
Justice at a Price
The City locked up Michael Lee for murder, then paid him $1 million
By Marisa Demarco
Michael Lee spent 15 months in the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Detention Center before being released in March 2009. He was facing the death penalty for the murder of the Yis, an elderly couple who'd been found dead in their Northeast Heights home in December 2007. "It's the scariest thing I've ever been through. Hands down."
Council Watch
Seven-Hour Cram Session
By Carolyn Carlson
The Council crammed a lot into their last meeting before summer recess. Councilors voted to: review APD's deadly force policies; allow big restaurants not to install fire sprinklers; and let the city to vote on red-light cameras.
Related Stories
Answer Me This
By Marisa Demarco
What do you know about last week?
Ask Kat Curious
Dating in Your Forties
By Kat Cox
The Alibi's advice-bestower talks about love lives in Burque and doing the robot.
Odds & Ends
By Devin D. O'Leary
Funny because it happens to someone else.
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The readers write.
EVENT HORIZON (Sunday, Sep 25)
Support your Local Non-prophet
Albuquerque Pagan Pride Day
By Maggie Grimason
Over 30 exotic merchants, workshops, ritualistic plays, belly dancing, artisan displays and games and activities for the whole family.
EVENT HORIZON (Sunday, Sep 25)
Little Blossoms
New Mexico Dahlia Festival
By Renée Chavez
A floral competition featuring design, photos and blossoms.
EVENT HORIZON (Tuesday, Sep 27)
Strangely Forgotten
Curiosities of New Mexico
By Joshua Lee
A panel of presentations that will cover fascinating yet less-known nuances of the state's history like Diné Memories of the Crownpoint Boarding School during the 1960s, the Red Power movement and more.
EVENT HORIZON (Friday, Sep 30)
Got Minerals?
Fall Gem, Mineral and Jewelry Show
By Megan Reneau
Browse gemstones, mineral specimens, rough rock, slabs, jewelry, beads, cabochons, fossils, tools and equipment.
EVENT HORIZON (Friday, Sep 30)
Grecian Festival
By Desiree Garcia
Taste authentic Greek cuisine, watch dancers streaming by in colorful costumes, enjoy browsing imported jewelry, gifts, foods and pastries and tour the St. George Church.
EVENT HORIZON (Saturday, Oct 1)
DIY Adventures
24 Hour Comics Day
By Devin D. O'Leary
Create a 24 page comic book with fellow artists and comic book lovers.
EVENT HORIZON (Saturday, Oct 1)
Latte Birthday Wishes
Birthday Bash
By Renée Chavez
Enjoy the signature brews, live music, live art demonstrations, games and a special beer release while raising money for the charity There's A Better Way to help local homeless families.
EVENT HORIZON (Wednesday, Oct 5)
Night at the Museum
Outside of the Box
By Renée Chavez
Music and dancing with DJ Mike Vetter, cash bar and food trucks with snacks for purchase, local vendors, talk by pilot of the beautiful fractals hot air balloon and much more.
NEWSLETTERS Great Alibi stories, events and deals delivered to your inbox each week. No fooling!
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Mishka Shubaly • 10.4.2016
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New Jersey native sons Bon Jovi have been selling out concerts consistently since the 1980's. Now one of rock's longest running acts, Bon Jovi has carved out a successful career and is still putting out hits. From hair band to country rock, they've adjusted with the times and are still popular today.
View a video from Bon Jovi Live at Madison Square Garden from 2/25/2011.
Order Bon Jovi tickets today for Madison Square Garden and every other show on their tour!


text:
Top Definition
When you hiccup and belch at the same time.
I was talking to him and he helched in my face! His breath smelled like rotten eggs!
от Klite491 06 септември 2011
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
hell yes
Guy 1: Ay you going to the party?
Guy 2: Helch
Guy 2: Helch
от CASPER9 07 май 2011


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 31, 1984
|Filing date
|Apr 12, 1982
|Priority date
|Sep 23, 1980
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John J. Keane, Richard F. Zopf
|Original Assignee
|General Electric Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (14), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 190,029, filed Sept. 23, 1980 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,859.
The present invention relates to aqueous suspensions suitable for the manufacture of novel resist films, the resist films themselves, the manufacture of said films from said suspensions, and the manufacture of printed circuit boards from the films.
An important specialty of the electronics art is the manufacture of printed circuit boards by the use of photoresist coatings which permit intricate circuitry to be formed cheaply, reproducibly and accurately on a miniature scale. In a simple instance a circuit board is manufactured by coating a copper clad electrically non-conductive substrate with an organo-soluble photopolymerizable monomeric mixture, placing over the coating a transparent film mask which carries an opaque reverse print of the circuitry to be formed, exposing the assembly to ultraviolet light thereby forming a latent image in the coating, removing the mask and developing the image by rinsing the coating with an organic solvent thereby removing the unexposed portion of the coating. The copper thus uncovered is removed by an etching solution, and the copper which remains is the desired circuitry.
More recently the process has been improved by applying the photoresist composition as a dry but adhesive film under a transparent non-adherent peelable carrier film, thereby eliminating the previous need for wet-coating devices. The carrier film is peeled off when the masking film is removed, after which the latent image is developed as is described above.
Still more recently it has been found that certain resist compositions provide latent images which can be developed by aqueous media, thereby eliminating need for costly and inflammable solvents. Up to the present, development of the image with water has been a chemical one (usually based on conversion of a polyacid or a polyester to a soluble salt), and usually requires a strong aqueous alkali solution.
The present invention provides a photoresist composition which, when applied to a circuit board as a dry film and irradiated and heated under a circuit mask, provides a latent image which can be developed by water alone. No chemical reaction is involved in the development process, and no acid or alkali is needed.
The starting composition of the present invention is a homogeneous, self-sustaining emulsion or dispersion (hereinafter termed "emulsion") of coating viscosity, comprising:
(i) colloidal droplets of a solution of a polyaryl iodonium or sulfonium salt of a complex halogenide latent catalyst in a continuous aqueous phase containing
(ii) a water-soluble normally solid polyvinyl alcohol as latent film-forming component, and
(iii) an effective amount of a water-soluble thermosetting polymethylol compound to cross-link said polyvinyl alcohol to a water-insoluble state, the amount of said latent catalyst being sufficient to catalyze the cross-linking reaction of said polymethylol compound when said emulsion is dried and irradiated with ultraviolet light and heated. Heating can be at the same time as irradiation, or it can be subsequent in time thereto.
The resist film of the present invention comprises the solids content of the above-described emulsion is apparently dry state. The film is water-dispersible and flexible at normal room temperature. It thus comprises a homogeneous mixture of:
(i) colloidal droplets of a solution of a polyaryl iodonium or sulfonium salt of a complex halogenide latent catalyst in
(ii) a water-soluble normally solid polyvinyl alcohol as film-forming component, and
(iii) an effective amount of water-soluble thermosetting polymethylol compound to cross-link said polyvinyl alcohol to a water-insoluble state at elevated temperature, the amount of said latent catalyst being sufficient to catalyze the cross-linking reaction of said polymethylol compound when said emulsion is dried and irradiated with ultraviolet light at elevated temperature.
The starting emulsion of the present invention can be directly employed in the manufacture of circuit boards by coating a copper-clad electro-nonconductive substrate (a circuit board preform) with the emulsion, drying the emulsion; exposing the resulting adherent and dry film to ultraviolet light and heating the film and the substrate, exposure through a photomask carrying a reverse image of the desired circuitry. As mentioned, the irradiation and baking steps can be combined, but it is preferred to irradiate first and then to heat. By so doing the portion of the film which has been exposed to the ultraviolet light and the heat has become water-insoluble. The board can then be rinsed or sprayed with water. The unexposed portion of the resist coating is thereby removed. The underlying copper which is thereby exposed is then etched away in a separate step, and the copper which remains is the desired circuitry. The board is then finished in any conventional manner.
Principal advantages of the process are that the starting emulsion is non-inflammable and can be diluted with water, and development of the latent image in the resist coating after exposure of the coating to ultraviolet light is accomplished by water without need for an organic solvent or performance of a chemical reaction.
When the emulsion is processed into a dry film resist on a peelable non-adhesive carrier film and the resulting assembly is used to provide the resist coating in the manufacture of circuit boards according to the present invention, in preferred embodiments the procedure possesses the following important advantages:
1. The resist film, before exposure to ultraviolet light and heat, is water-dispersible, which facilitates the usual necessary cleanup steps.
2. After the film has been exposed under ultraviolet light and heated with formation of a latent image, development of the latent image is performed by the action of water alone. Development of the image does not involve any chemical reaction and does not require any organic liquid or aqueous acid or base solution.
3. The exposed resist is water-insoluble but can be stripped from the board by the action of common organic liquids. On completion of the etching and stripping steps, sharp and clear circuitry is produced.
4. The starting aqueous emulsion and the dry resist film prepared therefrom are stable sufficiently long at room temperature for most industrial purposes. The dry resist film is stable for over a month when stored below about 5� C.
5. The resist film is flexible and can be applied to circuit boards in customary manner. The resist film adheres well to copper when applied, and adheres more strongly after ultraviolet irradiation at elevated temperature.
The starting emulsions of the present invention can be prepared by forming a mixture of a latent catalyst for the cross-linking reaction, a polyvinyl alcohol (or mixture of polyvinyl alcohols), and a polymethylol cross-linking component (or mixture of such components) together with water, and then subjecting the resulting mixture to intensive shear agitation to form a colloidal dispersion of the catalyst in an aqueous solution of the other two components. The foregoing steps are preferably performed at as low a temperature as is convenient so as to minimize premature formation of cross-linkages.
The amount of water which is present in the mixture is predetermined to provide an emulsion of appropriate viscosity in view of the intended method of its application. To increase the viscosity of the emulsion without removing water, a hydrophilic thickener (for example, carboxymethylcellulose) can be added, or the mixture can be subjected to a mild pre-polymerization by a short period of moderate heating. Acetone can be added to decrease the viscosity of the emulsion.
The polyvinyl alcohol component can be polyvinyl alcohol itself, or it can be any water-soluble vinyl polymer (or mixture of such polymers) which contains a sufficient proportion of hydroxyl substituents to permit it to be cross-linked to a water-insoluble form by a water-soluble polymethylol compound. The water-soluble hydrolysis products of polyvinyl acetate which contain at least about 60 mol percent of vinyl alcohol units are suitable for the purpose. Polyvinyl acetate hydrolysates which are composed of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate units in 95:5 to 85:15 molar ratio are preferred because they are readily water-soluble and because they are compatible with a large number of the common water-soluble thermosetting polymethylol cross-linking agents and are readily available at low cost.
The emulsions possess better shelf life when the polyvinyl alcohol component is of low molecular weight, and consequently polyvinyl alcohol components having molecular weights in the range of 5,000 to 50,000 are preferred.
A variety of other polyvinyl alcohols can be used, for example the hydrolysis products of polymers containing 90 mol percent of vinyl acetate units and 10 mol percent of acrylonitrile, styrene, 2-vinyl-N-methylpyridine or vinyl chloride units.
Suitable polymethylol cross-linking agents for use in the compositions of the present invention are those which are water-soluble and which contain a sufficient proportion of methylol substituents to thermoset to a water-insoluble state when heated at temperatures up to 200� C. They include trimethylolmelamine, hexamethylolmelamine, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, dimethylolurea, dimethylolguanidine, trimethylolformoguanamine, and poly(N-methylol)acrylamide. Under cross-linking conditions methoxymethyl substituents decompose and provide methylol substituents. The resole condensate (a phenol-formaldehyde condensate prepared by the use of formaldehyde in excess) is the preferred polymethylol compound because this compound cross-links rapidly with vinyl alcohol units under catalysis at moderately elevated temperatures, is very water-soluble, and is readily available at low cost.
Suitable catalysts for use in the present invention are those which become active and accelerate the cross-linking reaction only when they are irradiated with ultraviolet light. The preferred catalysts of this type are the class known generally as aryliodonium and sulfonium salts, and more particularly as the polyaryl iodonium or sulfonium salts of complex halogenides. A large number of members of this class and methods for the preparation thereof are disclosed in Barton, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,099,936 and 4,026,705; Crivello, U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,255; Crivello et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,478, Belgian Pat. No. 845,746 and certain references cited in said patents, all of which patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein. Suitable members include the following compounds.
Diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate
Phenyl-4-methylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate
Diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate
3,5-Dimethylpyrazolyl-4-phenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate
Diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate
Diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate
Diphenyliodonium hexaflorophosphate
Triphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate
Triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate
Triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate
Triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate
Dimethylphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate
Methyl(N-methylphenothiazinyl)sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate
Di(methoxynaphthyl)methylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate
Diphenylnaphthylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate
Thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate
Thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate
Thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate
Thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate,
and the like.
These catalysts are substantially inert under ordinary visible light and in the dark, but become active when irradiated with actinic light and particularly with ultraviolet light having a wavelength in the range of 200 nm to 350 nm. The catalysts are substantially insoluble in water but are soluble in several inert organic liquids, for example acetone, methylene chloride and methyl formate. These solvents are more or less soluble in water and so release the catalyst in finely divided form. It is preferred to add the catalyst as a concentrated solution in a solvent which is water-insoluble because this permits the catalyst to be in molecularly dispersed state during the irradiation step. A preferred solvent of this type is propylene carbonate, formed by reaction of propylene glycol with phosgene and therefore having the theoretical formula: ##STR1##
Concentrations of catalyst in the solvent up to the saturation point are suitable, and in most instances it is readily feasible to prepare solutions of the catalyst of 25% to 50% catalyst concentration by weight in the solvent.
If desired, the catalyst can be added in finely powdered or colloidal state prepared by grinding the catalyst in a colloid mill with or without a grinding aid.
The starting emulsion can contain one or more than one of other compounds which are customarily present in the surface-coating emulsions, for example one or more dyes, pigments and perfume for identification purposes, a sensitizer to promote the action of the catalyst, a thickening or a thinning agent, and a volatile organic liquid to facilitate drying of the emulsion.
If desired, the starting emulsion can be coated directly upon a circuit board by any of the methods described below. A useful resist film coating on the board is formed by drying the coating in the absence of ultraviolet light at a temperature below the point at which the components cross-link.
Preferably, however, the emulsion is formed into a dry resist film which can be applied to the circuit board in dry state. For this purpose the starting emulsion is cast on a non-adhesive carrier film and dried thereon. Suitable carrier films are the poly(haloethylene) films represented by poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(dichlorodifluoroethylene) known as Teflon, Kel-F and Tedlar. The emulsion easily wets these films and forms a uniform coating thereon.
The emulsion can be applied to the carrier film by any convenient method, for example by spray, by roller coater, and by knife coater. A sufficient amount of the emulsion is applied so that the resist film, in final apparently dry form, is between 0.2 mil and 2 mils thick. This range is not critical, and for certain purposes it may be desirable to produce thinner or thicker films, and these are within the scope of the invention.
The emulsion should be dried in such manner that no more than a negligible amount of cross-linking takes place and so that the film is apparently dry and is free from pin holes. Satisfactory results in these directions are obtained when the emulsion is dried at temperatures up to about 100� C. in the dark. The emulsion is so thin and the drying rate is so fast that very little cross-linking occurs. A superior product is obtained, however, when the emulsion is dried at room temperature under vacuum.
The dry resist film-carrier film combination can be cut into any desired shape and stacked, or formed into rolls with or without a peelable protective film over the exposed side of the resist film.
The resist film thus prepared remains useable for short periods of time (two days to several weeks) when stored at room temperature, the precise length of time in any instance depending chiefly on the particular cross-linking agent which is used and the ratio of the number of vinyl alcohol units to the number of methylol substituents in the cross-linking agent. The period of usefulness is extended when the film is maintained substantially below room temperature, and at temperatures below about 5� C. the film remains stable for at least about a month. At the temperature of solid carbon dioxide the film appears to remain useful indefinitely.
Circuit boards are manufactured according to the present invention by:
(i) covering a copper-clad electrically non-conducting substrate with a photoresist film as is described above;
(ii) projecting on the film with ultraviolet light the design of the circuitry to be formed and simultaneously therewith or thereafter elevating to the cross linking temperature until the polyvinyl alcohol in the irradiated portion of said film has cross-linked to water-insoluble state;
(iii) washing said film with water thereby removing the unexposed portion of said resist film and exposing the copper therebelow; and
(iv) etching away the copper thereby exposed, thereby forming the desired circuitry.
The substrate is any circuit board of the type to which dry resist film has been applied in the past. The thickness of the resist film does not appear to be critical, and satisfactory circuitry has been obtained by the use of films as thin as 0.2 mil and as thick as 2 mils. The film is applied in any convenient way.
The design of the desired circuitry can be projected on the film in any convenient way. It may be projected photographically, or through a transparent mask placed over the film carrying a negative of the circuitry to be formed. It is usually satisfactory to terminate the radiation and heating when the exposed portion of the resist film has become insoluble in sold water, but if desired, the irradiation and heating can be continued until this portion of the film has reached the level of cross-linking where it is insoluble in hot water as this improves the adhesion of the resist coating over the copper which is to become the desired circuitry. The precise duration of the irradiation and heating step or steps varies from instance to instance depending on the particular polyvinyl alcohol and cross-linking component used, the efficiency of the catalyst, the intensity of the radiation, and the heating temperature, and therefore is most conveniently determined in any instance by laboratory trial. The carrier film is removed before or after the baking step, as may be the more convenient.
The washing step can be accomplished by rinsing the irradiated board in a body of water, by use of a spray, or by brushing the board with water. The temperature of water may be as high as desired, up to the point where loosening of the exposed film occurs.
The etching step is performed in any customary manner. The cross-linked resist film is strongly resistant to most etching solutions. A suitable solution is formed by dissolving two pounds of ammonium persulfate in a gallon of water; other etchants are disclosed in the book "Photoresist Materials and Processes", by Williams S. DeForest (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1975), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
On completion of the etching step the board is finished in customary manner which may include a touch-up step, post-baking, stripping of the residual resist coating, application of solder, and attachment of electrical components.
The invention is further illustrated by the examples which follow. These examples are best embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed in limitation thereof.
The following illustrates the preparation of the starting emulsion of the present invention and the preparation of a water-dispersible, flexible, apparently dry photoresist film therefrom, also according to the present invention.
Into a beaker are placed with stirring (i) 7.5 parts by weight of a 50% by weight solution of triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate in propylene carbonate, (ii) 320 parts by weight of a 25% solution in distilled water of a solid, cold-water soluble low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (Elvanol 51-04) composed of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate units in 89:11 molar ratio, and (iii) 80 parts of a 50% by weight aqueous solution of a B-stage resole phenol-formaldehyde condensate having a pH of 7.2, a viscosity of 30 cp. at 20� C. and a stroke cure at 150� C. of 212 seconds. The resulting mixture is formed into a stable emulsion by passage through a colloid mill.
A portion of the emulsion is formed into films 0.3 mil, 0.6 mil and 1.3 mil in thickness (dry basis) by casting the emulsion on a non-adherent film (Tedlar) as carrier film and drying the emulsion thereon at room temperature under vacuum. The resulting composite films are clear, transparent and flexible, and the resist coating component is tacky.
A number of films from Example 1 can be stored at dry ice temperature for periods of 6 months or more. Upon warming to room temperature these films can be used according to the invention.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except that the amount of the phenol-formaldehyde condensation product solution is increased to 160 parts and the amount of the catalyst solution is increased to 10 parts. Similar films are obtained.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except that the amount of the phenol-formaldehyde condensation solution is increased to 320 parts and the amount of the catalyst solution is increased to 14.4 parts. Similar films are obtained.
The following illustrates the manufacture of printed circuit boards according to the present invention.
The dry resist films of Examples 1, 3 and 4 (supported on the carrier film) are applied manually to squares of freshly-cleaned circuit board (a copper-clad flame-resistant fiberglass-filled epoxy resin laminate 1/16" thick). The resist coatings adhere well to the copper cladding when laminated with mild heat of 40� C. Over the carrier film of each assembly is placed a transparent masking film, the clear areas of which represent the circuitry to be formed. Ultraviolet light of 350 nm wavelength is projected on the assemblies for a single pass in the apparatus shown in the table below, then the boards are heated (baked) at a temperature of 150� C. for the specified times in seconds thereby forming latent images of the desired circuitry in the resist films. The boards are then cooled to room temperature, and the masks are removed and the carrier film peeled off. The latent images are developed by rinsing the boards with water at room temperature, after which the boards are allowed to dry at room temperature.
Results are as follows.
______________________________________% BakePhenol Passes Time Cold Quality of ImageEx. Condn. Under at 150� C. Water Resist. to Sharp-No. Prod.1 U-V2 sec. Rinse Cold H.sub. 2 O ness______________________________________1 33 1 90 Good Good Good3 50 1 90 " " "4 67 1 75 " " "______________________________________ 1 Wt. of phenolformaldehyde cond. prod. on wt. of the polyvinyl alcohol. 2 Exposure to UV radiation (10 ft./min. under two 300watt per linear inch MPWV lamps; Fusion Systems Decoray II apparatus). 3 After removal of the exposed copper by etching solution, and stripping of the overlying resist.
More rapid development of the image with no loss in sharpness occurs when the rinse water is warm.
The procedure of Example 3 is repeated except that the phenol-formaldehyde solution is replaced by 160 parts of a 50% by weight aqueous solution of hexamethoxymethylmelamine (Cymel 301, American Cyanamid Co.). Similar films are obtained.
The procedure of Example 3 is repeated except that the phenol-formaldehyde solution is replaced by 64 parts of a 50% by weight solution of dimethylolurea, and the weight of the catalyst solution is increased to 13.44 parts. Similar films are obtained.
The procedure of Example 6 is repeated except that the hexamethoxymethylmelamine is Cymel 303 of the American Cyanamid Co. A similar film is obtained.
The procedure of Example 5 is repeated except that the films used are the films of Examples 6-8, the duration of the exposure to the radiation is 7 minutes, and the temperature to which the board is raised after irradiation is 170� C. The unexposed portions of the resist coating are readily removed by warm water, the exposed portions of the film are well cured, and after etching of the copper and stripping of the residual resist coating the circuitry is good.
Many variations will suggest themselves to those skilled in this art in light of the above, detailed description. For example, instead of triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate there can be used triphenylsulfononium tetrafluoroborate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate, thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate or thiophenoxydiphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate.
All such obvious variations are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.
|Photoresist Materials and Processes, by W. S. DeForest (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y. 1975).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 23, 1983
|Oct 22, 1985
|Fusion Semiconductor Systems
|Hardening of photoresist
|Jun 12, 1987
|Nov 21, 1989
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Photoresist composition and printed circuit boards and packages made therewith
|Nov 15, 1991
|Dec 26, 2000
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Jun 3, 1999
|Apr 9, 2002
|Basf Drucksytems Gmbh
|Preparation of crosslinkable water-soluble or water-dispersible compositions and radiation-sensitive mixtures obtainable therefrom
|Aug 7, 2001
|Oct 29, 2002
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Jun 6, 2002
|Mar 4, 2003
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Dec 31, 2002
|Aug 10, 2004
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Apr 26, 2004
|Mar 21, 2006
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Jan 9, 2006
|May 27, 2008
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Oct 31, 2007
|Aug 17, 2010
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|Apr 26, 2004
|Oct 14, 2004
|Shipley Company, L.L.C
|Antihalation compositions
|Jan 9, 2006
|May 25, 2006
|Antihalation compositions
|Oct 31, 2007
|Oct 9, 2008
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Antihalation compositions
|May 23, 1984
|Mar 7, 1985
|Fusion Semiconductor Systems
|Verfahren und vorrichtung zum haerten von photoresist
|U.S. Classification
|430/271.1, 430/270.1, 522/126, 522/129, 522/31
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 6, 1987
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 19, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 5, 1995
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 28, 1996
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 9, 1996
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19960131


text:
Welcome to Regroup Media
Formed by experienced marketers and technicians, Regroup is a London-based digital marketing agency committed to helping our clients define and action strategy for growth in the digital domain.
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Regroup launches Digital Briefing Service – Re: Brief
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1 Review
I made this for sharing with a group ;my other half attends each week, but held back 1/3 of them just for the 2 of us to enjoy ~ I do need my chocolate fix most every day, so . . . Really enjoyed the chocolate & coconut combo & then, with the cream cheese, my enjoyment was just another notch or two higher yet! Very, very nice! Thanks for posting the recipe! [made & reviewed while on tour in Germany with ZWT6]


text:
Prom Night (2008)HD Closed Captioning
Nelson McCormick
Open iTunes to preview, buy and download this film.
About the Film
Three years ago, Donna (Brittany Snow, John Tucker Must Die) watched in horror as an obsessed predator (Johnathon Schaech, That Thing You Do!) murdered her family. Tonight is her senior prom and although she's anxious about the past, she's excited to celebrate her future with her friends. What Donna doesn't know is that the deranged psychopath has escaped from the asylum. He's returned to hunt her down, intent on killing anyone who gets in his way. As the night races towards its heart-pounding conclusion, the question becomes not who will be prom queen, but who will survive the killer's rampage.
Viewers Also Bought
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- Simon West
- View in iTunes
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- The Fog (2005)
- Rupert Wainwright
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- 9,99 €
- Genre: Horror
- Released: 2008
- © 2008 Screen Gems, Inc. and Miramax Film Corp. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Posted by ESPN.com's Pat Yasinskas
TAMPA, Fla. -- You can't really question the Saints sticking with the pass in a game where heavy rain started late in the first quarter.
After all, they haven't had much of a running game all season. But it's pretty obvious the weather did have a major impact on quarterback Drew Brees. Just look at his quarter-by-quarter passer rating:


text:
Skip to comments.Danica Patrick next to join NASCAR? (Say it isn't so)
Posted on 07/11/2006 7:22:14 AM PDT by icecold
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) - NASCAR could be getting a makeover next season.
With Juan Pablo Montoya, a Colombian, bringing an international flavour to American stock car racing, the circuit is now apparently considering another major move - bringing America's top female driver, Danica Patrick, to the series.
Brian France continuing to ruin Nascar Tradition
Danica Patrick would give new meaning to the "bump" maneuver!
my opinion is she's a marketing gimmick who's never won a race. kinda like anna kournikova in tennis
I'm fed up with open wheel racing shooting itself in the foots. Get back together and try to make some sense of it before they ALL go Nascar (ugh!).
i hear montoya's got a major attitude problem and does not get along with teammates
Maybe now she'll win an actual race, instead of just being eye candy?
haha.. doubt it
I hope she does. Open wheel drivers have done quite well in NASCAR
Out of open wheel racing, she's ranked at least in the top 15#. Hardly a gimmick.
out of 20 teams
Look at those bumper bullets.
hokey smokes! what's her Mom think about that?
I don't know, but she can drive my Porsche any time she wants!
Yeah, she's hot, but I am more partial to that '57 Chevy.
At least that's what my wife told me to say.
Yeah, that's a nice "57". And the Chevy is a '57, too!
God! I hope not!
I bet Jeff Gordon will be jealous!
Fans Against Gordon
Now that's funny right there, I don't care who you are.
It's all about marketing. She will generate media coverage for NASCAR - used to be a driver had to win to get attention.
Well, I am disgusted with NASCAR. They took away N. Wilkesboro, The Rock. Messing with Darlington. Went to this playoff. Personally, I don't watch it anymore.
She can rub my bumper....*
* Note - These photos are not meant to be titillating and are provided to enhance the informational content of this thread. If you are a straight chick or gay and do not appreciate the images please just look at the car.
First Danica, then
Michelle Wie, to pave the way
for . . . Carson Kressley!
see post #29
Maybe she will give Michael Waltrip some company at the back of the pack.
Maybe I should be watching more of her races.
You must not have seen her race at Indy. She is more likely to be up front with Tony Steward, Jimmie Johnson and the other good drivers. She is not timid behind the wheel.
Ah, the irony of your post followed immediately by those shots of her being serious.
Hey, I am as susceptible to eye candy as the next guy.
But yeah, you have a point there.
I am properly ashamed of myself.
Well, many of us think the France boy is screwing up NASCAR. I don't watch anymore either.
"As they come out of turn 4, Junior is closing hard on Patrick's rear end!"
No argument there. last night on Inside Nextel Cup they were asking Mikey about his next driver, Brian Vickers threw out her name, and Mikey just smiled. Who knows?
They should've airbrushed her some B-sized boobs at least. Poor girl is literally flat as a board.
You got that right! Besides, legs are sexier than breasts anyway and she's got great legs.
That's absolutely true. So, between that, Toyota, Nascars not doling out penalties equally and little Miss take off her clothes to get publicity, Nascar will never be the same.
Check this out.....I can't believe I agree with DW.
OK folks. I wasn't going to get my dog in this fight, but because of all of your e-mails, I guess I'll have to give you my opinion on Sunday's race... or lack thereof.
Jeff Gordon bumped Matt Kenseth en route to victory at Chicagoland Speedway. Hear from Gordon and Dale Earnhardt Jr. after the race.
LIVE from Daytona International Speedway, FOX brings you the next eight Daytona 500's, starting Feb. 18, 2007.
First of all, I want to make it perfectly clear. I'm not defending either Jeff Gordon or Matt Kenseth. I'm not defending anything. I've been accused of being the master of the obvious, and in this case, here's what's obvious to me.
What happens on the track is obviously between the drivers, and there's my problem. Drivers should not be allowed to take matters into their own hands. Retaliation, grudges and paybacks are all part of sports. Any sport. That's why you have officials. There's not a sanctioning body in the world that would not have action on what happened Sunday or on any Sunday as far as that goes. And that includes NASCAR.
After similar actions this year, NASCAR has shown that it will do something. In a situation just like what happened on Sunday, Carl Edwards bumped my brother Michael going into Turn 3 during last month's Busch race at Daytona, and Edwards was penalized. Good grief, folks! Carl and Michael weren't even racing for the lead. It doesn't matter if you're racing for the win, fifth or 15th, you have to respect the people racing around you.
You don't just run over people because you're faster than they are, or they're in your way. I get so sick of hearing, "Well, it's just one of those racing things. They were just racing hard." Our sports is built on hard racing and competition, but keep it clean and fair.
I love aggressive racing. I want to see guys get up on the wheel. I want to see them do everything they can to win, but I don't want to see one driver run over another driver just for the sake of knocking them out of the way so they can win the race. It's just not fair.
Not only did NASCAR penalize Carl at Daytona, they did the same thing to Clint Bowyer earlier this year at the Phoenix Busch race when he got in the back of Jason Leffler. They sent Bowyer to the back of the field. They did the same thing to Michael in the Busch race at Las Vegas in March.
Folks, I believe most drivers would agree that you've got to respect the leader of any race at any time. He didn't fall out of the sky and get in front; he did something right to get there. It's your job to race him, not wreck him. It's that way for all positions. You don't knock people out of your way just because you're faster than they are. That's not the way it works.
Now, now. You just don't like her because she races open wheel!
i might be right there with you next year and not do fantasy racing.. nascar under Francie boy has gotten ridiculous
great post- god bless DW and all the old timers
Seems your still jealous JG gets the best looking women.
Why don't you let your hatred of JG go?
It is so unchristian of you.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
"I am the Living Bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever."
Join us on Sunday mornings as our Bible class studies the Gospel of John. We will go through each chapter of this Gospel and talk about the style, theme, purpose and objectives of the author. John's Gospel has played a pivotal role throughout the history of the church, especially when it comes to understanding the Trinity. If you've ever wanted to know more about the Gospel of John, this would be a perfect time to begin attending Sunday School.


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News Feature
Heated Conclusion
Outgoing PRC member goes to bat for solar energy
By Margaret Wright
Jason Marks is going out swinging. He'll spend his last month on the Public Regulation Commission fighting to defend renewable energy, especially solar power.
News Bite
By Margaret Wright
Jason Marks on lowering the cost of phone calls from prison in New Mexico
Andrew Beale
Occupy the Alibi
Life on the West Bank
By Andrew Beale
If there's one thing I've learned since coming to Palestine almost three months ago, it's that everything is political—even archaeology.
Council Watch
The Commish
By Carolyn Carlson
O'Malley was elected to the Bernalillo County Commission in November, filling the seat vacated by U.S. Rep.-elect Michelle Lujan Grisham.
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Enjoy a pet costume and trick contest, kissing booth photos and raffle and food from Phat's Beats and Eats, With Love Waffles and Hot Stuff Cafe. Proceeds go to support locally rescued bully breeds.
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students of the Native American Community Academy express what it means to be Indigenous in their eyes through story, song and dance.
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Fixed-Price - Intermediate ($$) - Est. Budget: $50 - PostedSkills: Video Post Editing Audio Editing Video editing Video Upload
Prepare a 2 1/2 minute promotional video presentation for new rodent repeller product.I have written the copy for voice over. I will do voice over. U edit small pieces of videos together from youtube & combine wi my voice over & maybe music.We;ll see what works. Logo & contact info will be in bottom corner. Pls submit samples of similar work U have done, your bid for project & time you expect it will take you. This is a one time project, however, if I like your work & if we work well together, I will hire you for upcoming projects. You will be asked to answer the following questions when submitting a proposal: 1. What are your other time commitments during this time period? How many hours can you devote to this job? 2. Link past similar projects, &/OR Do a part of my project to show your ability. Say amount of time it took, how many worked on it.Identify the parts U, personally did & what others did. If not clearly identified, credit will not go to U & U will be disqualified. Honesty is essential to our working together as a team. 3. Give the times of day U can be reached for discussion? All hours must be expressed in Pacific time.Include skype & phone # if you have one. Also state what times your electricity may be off if that is an issue in your area. Remember all times must be pacific time. Google it, if necessary, to get the time right. Pacific time is California, Las Angeles & Tijuana. 4. What time & date can you meet & commence this job? All must be in PACIFIC time. I will not be available to commence the job for a couple of days. Attached is a rough draft of the script as well as some of the you tube snippets which, when finalized, you will edit into the video. 5. The applicant will be chosen based on the following A. Samples of edited videos. I will look at the edits, the timing, artistic & mood presented in your sample videos B. The reviews presented in your feedback C. Ease of communication & teamwork. If I am not easily able to find the links or your response to my questions, I will consider it poor teamwork. When you are preparing the response, think about the person who will be reading it. Then you will have good teamwork. Explanations make good teamwork. Using large, fancy words may block good communication. D. The best bid on the job. We are working on a tight budget. However, we will have more upcoming jobs. If you are the best applicant & we work well together & produce an amazing video, you will have many jobs in the future. 6. Pls paste my question with your answer so I do not have to collate one with the other. A part of your job is to make my job quick & easy. Anything you can do to save time for me & make my job easy, will be considered good teamwork. I look forward to your submission & welcoming you the Caring Products team. Ms Joy email@example.com