text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 29, 1998
|Filing date
|Jul 18, 1997
|Priority date
|Jul 19, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ian Gavin Gormley
|Original Assignee
|European Sports Merchandising Bv
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (30), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a ball and tail which has reduced and adjustable flight length, is slowed and spin retarded in flight and roll retarded on the ground, for bat (or racket) and bouncing ball type games similar to Tennis, Squash and Table Tennis.
The basis of the present invention is the provision of a specially designed flexible tail arrangement on a bouncing ball incorporating one or more thin lengths of material, the tail having the effect of slowing down the ball in flight, thereby reducing the length of flight, retarding the spin of the ball during flight, and reducing the roll of the ball on the ground. The tail is designed so as not to materially impair strokes at the ball with the bat and not to seriously prejudice the bounce of the ball needed for the bouncing ball type games.
The slowing effect of the tail tends to make the playing of these games easier which is important in making such games popular.
One object of the invention is to provide reduced range balls for bat and bouncing ball games similar to tennis, (although other bouncing bat and ball games may be played) so that games may be played on smaller courts than otherwise possible, while still permitting full shots to be played. In this type of games an important feature is that the ball may be played after it has landed ie. a player may wait for the ball to bounce before hitting the ball.
The reduced roll of the ball also reduces and largely eliminates the need for restraining netting or fencing around the perimeter of the court or playing area.
Pertinent prior art includes toys which have a head and a flexible tail. Many of these are used for throwing games, the projectile being swung around by its tail in the nature of a sling, and then released for another player to catch by the tail and continue the game. These toys are not designed for use with bats in bouncing ball games similar to tennis and they do not therefore anticipate the present invention.
There is no known relevant prior art which makes any reference to balls with tails to be used in bat and bouncing ball games similar to tennis or other bouncing ball games, and no known reference is made to the design parameters required which would make such games practical. In particular, no reference is made to any parameters relating to key requirements such as ball size and weight, the flexibility, weight, surface area and length of the tail, bounce of ball and tail and flight range.
The problem that arises when trying to play games in which the ball may be hit after it bounces, is that a ball spins after striking the ground, having been hit more or less horizontally. This tends to cause any tail attached to the ball to become temporarily wrapped around the ball. As the ball has to be hit quite soon after it bounces, the tail does not always have time to unwrap itself and stream out behind the ball, which is its normal position in flight. Unless the tail is particularly light, strong and flexible, if the tail becomes wrapped around the ball, it can interfere with any shots at the ball, become damaged by the shots at the ball, and can prevent a clear sight of the ball. In addition, the weight of any tail can seriously prejudice the height of the bounce of a ball which also can make it difficult if not totally impractical to use such a ball and tail for bat and bouncing ball games. These problems might well be the reason why there is no reference to ball and tails used for bouncing ball games in the prior art, and the object of this invention is to overcome these problems.
Another feature of this invention is the effect of the tail in reducing the roll of the ball along the ground which rapidly brings the ball and tail to a halt after being hit. This is an important feature, in that it largely eliminates the need for surrounding enclosures as in tennis. This function is not referred to in any prior art with reference to bat and bouncing ball type games.
An example of such prior art is the so-called "FOX TAIL" which is the subject of U.S. Pat. 4,826,179.This consists of a nose portion and a long single conical fabric tail. The tail is segmentalized, and the game is scored with points obtained by catching the tail on a segment having a particular value.
In addition, the "FOX TAIL" as marketed uses a ball weighing approximately 3 ounces (�90 g), which is relatively heavy and dense, and would not be appropriate for racket games of the type as covered by this invention.
Balls in this weight range are not within the scope of this invention, which is concerned with balls of approximately tennis ball weight, or less, ie. 2.1 oz (60 g), or less. The essentials for a successfiul toy of the FOX TAIL type are different from those required for the present invention. There are no references relating to design parameters which might have made it possible to use the FOX TAIL for bat and bouncing ball type games, and no such games are suggested or advertised for the FOX TAIL.
Another example is U.S. Pat. 4,294,447 (Merlin W. Clark) which comprises a sponge type ball with a streamer secured to the inside of the ball. The streamer can serve as a throwing handle and the toy is described as an aerial amusement projectile. There is no suggestion that the projectile can be used in a game involving striking the ball portion with bats, and there is no indication of any parameters relating to the bounce of the ball and the flight characteristics of the toy which might render it practical to use for bat and bouncing ball type games.
U.S. Pat. 4,266,781 (Walter L. Blue) relates to another toy which has a ball and a tail with a tassel 13. The tail however, takes the form of a rigid rod and the tassel is not stated to have any defined parameters. Thus, although the head 10 (or 15) has bounce the arrangement is designed for a throwing game against a surface and catching it on the rebounce. The rod would interfere with the bat if used in bat and bouncing ball type games.
U.S. Pat. 3,368,815 (P. Z. ALABASTRO) relates to a dome shaped head 14 and streamers 13. The toy is used for a foot propelled game. Head 14 has an aluminium covering and is therefore not suitable for bat and bouncing ball type games. Streamers 13 are not of any particular length and no other design parameters are laid down relating to the bounce of the unit on the ground or to its flight pattern
U.S. Pat. 3,393,911 (R. W. LAWSON) is a projectile type toy similar to U.S. Pat. 4.926.179 (the FOX TAIL) which is designed to be held by the tail and thrown. It has a resilient teardrop shaped head 28 which includes a foam rubber pad 20. Thus it is not suitable for a bat and bouncing bail type game as the head of the ball is not spherical and would therefore bounce erratically on contact with the ground. In addition, no definite parameters are given for the tail of the ball, so that the required flight and bounce patterns of the present invention would not be achieved or only by accident
U.S. Pat. 4,088,319 (W. A. Clarke) has a single tail of plastic foam with which the ball is thrown or caught, there being no reference to any parameters of design which will permit a practical tennis type game to be played. In addition, the tail is specifically stipulated as having a memory or resilience which causes it to spring back into its original shape when deflected. A tail with such characteristics would interfere with a bat or racket should bat and bouncing ball type games be attempted.
A recent addition to the streamer-type projectile is the POCO (Trade Mark) ball. This comprises a ball with 10 fabric streamers. The toy is used by grasping the streamer tail, twirling and releasing. The tail portion is relatively heavy at 10 g (0.35 oz) in relation to the weight of the ball of 42 g (1.48 oz) and the complete unit has a very low bounce, which makes it completely unsuitable for bat and bouncing ball games. In fact, the projectile is the latest in the long line of throwing projectiles in which the streamers serve as a throwing aid and also as a catching means. It is not designed for a bat and bouncing ball type game.
Another interesting recent innovation is the Spider ball (Trade Mark). This comprises a ball with a number of floppy string like legs fastened all over the surface of the ball, which restrain the roll of the ball on the ground. It is not designed for a bat and bouncing ball type game. The floppy legs are relatively short and being round in cross section the surface area of the legs is relatively low. It would appear that the legs are not designed to significantly reduce the length of flight of the ball, as is the case with the present invention. In addition, the fact that the legs are distributed all over the surface of the ball guarantees that the legs will interfere with a stroke at the ball every time it is hit, even if the ball is not allowed to bounce.
It has now surprisingly been found that `bouncy` balls fitted with specifically designed light flexible tails may easily be struck with a bat or racket even after the ball bounces on the ground, with the tail producing little significant interference with the bat, or effect on the bounce, while playing bat and ball type games. Even if sections of the tail completely obscure the ball after the bounce, or while serving, before the ball has established its normal flight alignment in front of the tail, shots at the ball are not impeded because the tail is so light and flexible, nor is any damage caused to the tail assembly which is made from materials chosen for their toughness and resilience.
Bat and bouncing ball games such as tennis are normally played with bats or rackets weighing between 150-375 g (5-13 oz), which experience over many years has proved a practical and comfortable weight range to handle for the type of shots called for in tennis type games.
Flowing from this the balls have to be of a weight which the bats or rackets used to hit such balls, can easily accommodate without jarring. Traditional tennis balls have a maximum weight of 58.5 g (2 oz) for the practical reason that balls heavier than this will tend to jar or vibrate unpleasantly when struck with a standard tennis racket.
This invention is therefore primarily concerned with balls having the general playing characteristics of the type used in tennis type games, whether it be the official game of tennis or of lighter, slower tennis type training games. In particular, the balls used in this invention will not be significantly heavier (although they can be lighter) than a tennis ball (58.5 g / 2 oz) or denser than a tennis ball (0.42) and they will not be harder in impact feel. It is however, also intended that smaller, lighter balls with tails be used for bouncing ball games similar to Squash and Table Tennis.
In addition, the A.P.F. rating (Air Penetration Factor --ratio of weight in grams to the frontal area of the ball in square centimeters) is not significantly higher than that of a tennis ball of 0.90. This ratio indicates how far a ball is likely to fly when hit. Other things being equal a ball with a high A.P.F. --higher weight, low frontal area, will fly further than a ball with low weight and high frontal area.
The effect of the addition of a tail to a ball has several effects which have to be taken into account in the design of a ball and tail suitable for bat and bouncing ball games.
The first effect is of reducing the length of the flight of the ball through the air before it hits the ground, which is caused by the extra drag of the tail, particularly at its free end away from the ball, where the end of the tail is free to flap or oscillate. It has been found that the amount of drag is directly proportional to the surface area of the tail. The degree of reduction of flight length may be precisely adjusted by changing various elements of the tail assembly design so as to increase or decrease as desired, the amount of drag as the tail passes through the air.
It has also been found that the amount of drag from a tail having at least a portion of the tail, which includes the trailing end away from the ball, formed into two or more separate strips is significantly higher than that from a single tail of the same material having the same weight, length and surface area.
The use of the tail on a ball in bouncing ball type games, permits heavier balls to be used on smaller courts than before because, even if hit hard, the heavy ball will have less tendency to fly out of court because of its reduced flight range. Typically, a tail assembly fitted to a ball will reduce the maximum flight length of a ball by a factor of approximately 30% and will result in a ball having a maximum flight length of between 10 m and 30 m.
The second effect of a tail is to reduce any spin of the ball in the air. The tail streams out behind the ball in flight and rapidly eliminates any side spin or top spin which might be imparted to the ball at impact by the bat or racket used to strike the ball. This ensures that the ball quickly establishes and maintains a straight and true flight. This characteristic is particularly useful when a tail is attached to certain types of ball which otherwise tend to swerve violently in flight when hit with side or top spin. For example, in particular, balls made from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Foam suffer from this excessive swerving characteristic.
The third effect of the attachment of a tail to a ball is to reduce the amount of bounce of the ball. However, it has been found that by choosing the correct design of materials for the tail, and using this in combination with a ball which inherently has a high degree of bounce, the amount of reduction of bounce caused by the addition of a tail assembly to the ball need not significantly affect or prejudice the playing of bouncing ball type games.
In particular, the free part of the tail assembly outside the ball has to be of very light weight in relation to the ball, so as to affect the height of bounce as little as possible. The tail must also be extremely flexible so as to follow the changes in the direction of the ball with great ease and the tail of course has to be made from tough resilient material to withstand the stresses of flight and the impact of being struck with a bat.
A fourth effect is that a tail assembly reduces the roll of the ball along the ground after it has landed. This is because the tail assembly inhibits the free roll of the ball. while a typical tail assembly for the reasons reviewed above is very light and flexible and will not bring the ball to an mediate stop, it has been found that the length of roll can be reduced by a factor of at least 75% depending on the tail design.
This feature is especially useful in reducing the need for players to run long distances to retrieve a ball after it has landed and is rolling along the ground and also to reduce or eliminate the need for netting around a court.
A fifth effect is the affect of the surface area of the tail and the resultant drag on the duration and rate of deceleration of the flight of a ball before it lands.
If a ball has a very small tail of low surface area with little drag, it will only need to be struck relatively gently to reach a given spot if such a spot is well within the maximum range of a particular ball and tail.
However, if the same ball is fitted with a tail with much higher surface area and thus much higher drag, it will have to be hit much harder to reach the same spot. It will therefore leave the bat at a much higher speed and its average speed during flight will be much higher than a bat with a low drag tail.
Not only will it be travelling faster, at any point in its flight, but it will also be decelerating quicker. Both these factors will make the ball harder for the opponent to follow with his eyes and to hit.
Thus overall, a very high drag tail will not be appropriate because the relatively high deceleration of the ball and tail results in a flight pattern too disparate for that experienced with balls with no tails, or balls with tails with less severe degrees of drag.
Conversely, if a ball is fitted with a tail and struck with the same force as a ball with no tail, at any point along its flight path, it will be travelling slower than the ball with no tail because of the decelerating effect of the tail. The tail thus slows the flight down, making a ball with a tail much easier to see, to hit, and to run to in order to hit.
A sixth affect relates to the noise, and visual effect, emitted by the tail in flight. It has been discovered that as opposed to a ball with a tail comprising only a single element, the tail of a ball having two or more elements emits a noticeable fluttering noise which, together with the movement or oscillation of the tail, makes the ball and tail in flight more noticeable and "alive". This feature makes it easier to follow the path of the ball and tail in flight and more enjoyable to watch.
Having regard to these various effects of a tail on a ball, the essence of this invention is the discovery that within the relatively narrow limits laid down in this invention, a suitable balance can be achieved between the different conflicting affects of a tail so as to produce a ball fitted with a tail which is excellent for bat and bouncing ball type games.
The major area of conflict is that while an increase in the weight of the tail reduces the length of flight of a ball (because the surface area of the ball and therefore the drag is increased) at the same time the extra weight prejudices the height of the bounce of the ball, which is very sensitive to any increase in the weight of the tail attached to the ball.
It was found that a ball could be fitted with a tail having a high surface area which would permit adequate bounce while, at the same time, offering worthwhile flight reduction. Combined with this was the simultaneous discovery that if the tail was light and flexible enough, even if the tail became completely wrapped around the ball as it especially tends to do after it bounces having been hit horizontally, shots at the ball are not impeded and strokes can be made at the ball with little noticeable effect.
Thus it was discovered that a ball fitted with a tail can be a practical possibility for use in bat and bouncing ball games.
The combined effect of the various influences outlined above on the behaviourof a ball by the addition of a tail is particularly useful for bouncing ball games such as tennis type games. In particular, the reduced flight range permits heavier balls to be used on smaller courts which give more impact satisfaction and are closer in feel to the great game of tennis; it also encourages hard shots, which are most enjoyable, to be played because they are less likely to fly out of court
For example, light foam plastic balls have been used as tennis trainers in games such as Mini Tennis. However, as soon as the weight of these balls exceeds approximately 30 g (1 oz), the maximum range of the ball goes beyond 30 m (97'), and players find it much harder to play flat out shots without the risk of the ball flying out of court, even on a full sized tennis court which has a length of 24 m (78'). When balls tend to fly out of court if hit hard, the game tends to become a gentle, softly struck game, which is not enjoyable to play or watch.
The reduced flight range and reduced roll of the ball also largely eliminates the need for constraining screens or structures which has always been a major practical problem when playing bouncing ball games, particularly outdoors.
Outdoor games are susceptible to wind and are more practical with the heavier balls which this invention permits because of the reduced effect of wind on their flight. Games played with light foam balls are very susceptible to the wind.
It should also be noted that the addition of a tail to a bouncing ball when used for bouncing ball type games makes the ball attractive to watch, and easier to see and to track through the air, both for the player and the spectators.
The ability for a game to be played in which the ball may be hit after the bounce makes it considerably easier for players and greatly increases the appeal of the game, compared with "no bounce" volley type games such as badminton, because a player is given a first chance to strike the ball while it is still in the air and if he misses or does not reach the ball, he still has a chance to hit he ball after it has landed.
Ball and tail combinations may be varied to suit players of different abilities and the space available for games. Light, short range, high bounce ball and tails may be used by players of limited ability in small areas while better players may prefer to play with a heavier ball and tail with lower bounce and longer flight on bigger courts.
It should perhaps be noted that in the game of badminton the skirt attached to the head of the shuttlecock also acts as a flight and spin retarding device for the head of the shuttle during flight similar in function, if not in form, to this patent application. However, the skirt is a rigid device and even if the rules of badminton allowed the shuttlecock to be struck after the bounce (which they do not) this would not be practical because the rigid form of the skirt would severely interfere with blows at the head of the shuttle, should the shuttle not have completely re-established its normal flight alignment after the bounce. These blows would also damage the skirt, which is not designed to be hit.
In this invention there is no such problem because the light flexible tail assembly does not materially impede shots at the ball even if part of the tail assembly should completely obscure the ball. The tail is also designed to resist damage when hit. There is therefore no similarity with shuttlecocks of the badminton type. It might be of interest that this invention arose directly as a result of experiments with balls and streamer tails to replace the traditional shuttlecock used in badminton type games. It so happened that the combination of ball and tail being used for the tests happened to have a good bounce. It was completely fortuitous that some children not involved in the experiments started playing tennis type bouncing bat and ball games with some spare ball and tail units, and it was realised that a ball with a tail could be used for such games.
According to the invention a combination ball and tail is provided, characterized in that the ball has
a minimum bounce height when fitted with its tail of at least about 50 cm (19.7 inches) when dropped 254 cm (100") upon a smooth flat horizontal concrete base and a minimum bounce of at least 80 cm (31.5") without its tail.
a diameter of between 25-100 mm (1 to 4 inches),
a mass of between about 2 g and 75g (0.3 to 2.6 oz),
a relative density no greater than about 0.5, an Air Penetration Factor no greater than 1.0, (ratio of weight in grams to the frontal area of the ball in square centimeters)
and the tail has
one or more lengths of flexible material attached to the ball, the length/s of the flexible material having :
flexibility rating of between 20 mm (0.8") and 100 mm (4") (ie. the distance in millimeters that a parallel strip of material may be pushed out horizontally at right angles into space over a straight edge before the leading edge of the strip subtends an angle of 45 � to the straight edge from the horizontal), a minimum length of not less than three times the diameter of the ball and maximum length of 1.2 m (47"),
a weight of the tail outside the ball of not more than 20% of the ball (including any anchor fittings or part of the tail outside the ball) without the outside part of the tail attached,
a thickness of material of less than 0.1 mm (0.04").
The tail is preferably attached at a single anchor zone of the ball (preferably no larger than approximately 4 cm sq. ) (0.62 sq. in.) and may consist of one or more light flexible lengths of material, the specification and design of which is chosen for predetermined flight limits, spin of the ball in the air, roll of the ball on the ground, as well as requirements for minimum interference with the bounce of the ball, or strokes with a bat at the ball. If a single length of material is used it is preferred to form at least the trailing end of the tail away from the ball into separate strips,
The tail is also preferably designed to provide both aural and visual signals which are both aesthetically pleasing and which also serve to considerably assist the players and spectators in locating the position and tracking the movement of the ball and tail These aural. and visual signals may be provided by ensuring that the design of the tail allows the tail to rapidly oscillate during flights while moving through the air, particularly at its free end, so as to emit a significant fluttering noise and the movement thereof providing a visual signal easily detectable by the human eye. The effect of these signals is significantly enhanced when multiple lengths of material are used in the tail assembly.
It has also been found that these signs are enhanced when the lengths of material making up the tail have a high surface area in relation to their weights (ie. they are very thin, of the order of approximately 0.04 mm -0.0016") and constructed from materials which are relatively hard, and have a high flexibility rating. It has been found that tails made from materials which are. thicker than 0.075 mm (0.003") show relatively slow oscillation in flight.
Tail assemblies which do not oscillate much in flight, and emit no `fluttering` noise appear relatively lifeless in flight and for reasons not fully understood, are less attractive to play and to watch. Factors which are taken into account in the specification and design of the tail include length, the number of tails, flexibility, density, mass, surface area, texture, material composition, cross sectional and longitudinal design.
While the preferred flight limit is between 10 m and 20 m before the ball lands, the design of the tail and/or the weight of the ball may be adjusted by changing the tail assembly and adding or removing ballast as desired, to increase or decrease the maximum flight of any given ball as required, if necessary, beyond these limits For example, a light ball used by children can have a tail with little air resistance so they will have little difficulty in hitting the ball far enough to utilize all the space available on any given court. On the other hand, adults may prefer a heavier ball which would tend to fly much further than is appropriate for any given court unless a larger tail, with greater drag, is fitted. The ball may therefore be fitted with a ballast weight (or weights) for extra weight and with a tail with more air resistance which reduces its flight length to a distance more appropriate for any given court size.
In addition to the flight length, the degree of roll of the ball on the ground and the degree to which it spins in flight can be controlled independently from the flight length which is dictated by the amount of air resistance to the air flow offered by the tail. If little air resistance is required, a shorter tail can be provided that sits in the slipstream of the ball in flight, protected from full exposure from the airflow. Such a tail design will however, still control and limit the amount or degree of spin while in flight, or of roll along the ground after the ball has landed, which is an important feature of this invention.
It will be appreciated that this invention affords great flexibility in adjusting the performance of a ball. In particular, it enables a ball of an optimum size of say �70 mm (2.7") to be chosen, which is a size easily visible and is also convenient to handle and catch by the human hand. This size also has a diameter large enough to offer little risk of eye injury. Having chosen this optimum size the weight and/or flight length may be adjusted to suit any court size or level of skill of the player. Preferred balls for use in the present invention include foam plastic balls made from polyurethane, or ethythene vinyl acetate, or hollow balls such as tennis balls, or plain rubber balls.
It should be reiterated that certain of the characteristics required for a practical ball and tail, for use in reduced flat bouncing ball games, have to be closely specified in order for the performance of the ball and tail to be practical for such games. In particular, the surface area of the tail (which is directly related to the weight of the tail) in relation to the weight of the ball, directly affects the degree of flight length reduction --the higher the surface area of the tail in relation to the weight of any given ball, the greater the flight length reduction.
On the other hand, the surface area of the tail is directly related to the weight of the tail assembly and the higher the weight of the tail, the greater the prejudice to the height of the bounce. Careful research has been carried out and the conflicting effects of bounce and flight length loss have been plotted on the graph shown at FIG. 8.
This graph shows the conflicting effects of tails of different weights on the bounce and flight length loss on a 60 mm (2.4") diameter foam polyurethane ball. The relative weights of the ball to the tail is shown on the bottom axis as the Ball/Tail ratio. The shape of the graph is similar to and typical of the performance balls of other types and weights with different tails.
It will be seen from this graph that the ball and tail has to be carefully designed to ensure that while a worthwhile reduction in flight length is achieved, this does not at the same time seriously prejudice the height of the bounce.
Theoretically extremely light flimsy tails, made from very thin material, would have high drag to reduce the flight length of the ball but would have little weight to inhibit the bounce of the ball. However, in practical terms, it has been discovered that one cannot use material thinner than 20 microns (0.02 mm -0.0008") as below this level the material becomes too flimsy and liable to breakage. It is necessary therefore to use material which is at least 2 microns thick at which thickness the weight of the tail starts to become significant in relation to a surface area.
In order to achieve a fair balance between the two conflicting requirements of flight length reduction without prejudicing loss of bounce height, it has been found that the weight of the ball, compared with the weight of the tail outside of the ball, should be at least 5 times the weight of the tail, so as to make it possible for the bounce of the ball with its tail to be at least 35% of the bounce of a ball without its tail.
This weight specification which permits a substantial degree of bounce, is also subject to the practical requirement of a minimum absolute bounce of at least 50 cm (19.7"), dropped from a height of 254 cm (100") onto a smooth flat horizontal concrete base.
If a ball and tail is not able to bounce at least 50 cm in this way, it will not be suitable for the games envisaged in this application. In this respect it should be noted as a comparison, that in the game of tennis the tennis ball is required, in terms of the rules, to bounce 135 cm (53").
On the other hand, while complying with this weight specification which permits a reasonable degree of bounce, it has been found that a light tail can be constructed which has sufficient surface area to produce a reasonable reduction in flight length of between 20% and 40%, and which will also substantially reduce the roll of the ball on the ground once it has landed.
FIG. 1: is a general view of a ball fitted with its tail assembly.
FIG. 2: is a cross-section view of a foam plastic ball showing the arrangement of the anchor plug, tail assembly and ball.
FIG. 3: shows two cross-section views of hollow balls and tail assemblies.
FIG. 4: shows details of a foam plastic ball incorporating a ballast core.
FIG. 5: is a drawing of apparatus for measuring tail flexibility --third angle view.
FIG. 6: Apparatus for measuring tail flexibility --side view. Apparatus comprises a surface 12 which receives the sample 13 and the block 14. A distance scale as provided at a 45 � slope 15.
FIG. 7: General view of bat and bouncing ball type game being played with ball and tail, together with view of ball and tail in normal flight
FIG. 8: Graph plotting Bounce and Flight loss of 60 mm (2.4") foam polyurethane ball, weight 13.9 g (0.49 oz).
Referring to the drawings:
FIG. 1: The main components are shown, which include a ball 1 together with the tail assembly 2.
FIG. 2: A cross-sectional view is shown of a foam plastic ball, showing the ball 1, and the tail assembly 2. The tail is attached to a soft anchor fitting 4, consisting of a strip of ethylene vinyl acetate foam, which serves to locate and attach the end of the tail assembly inside the ball. The inner end of the tail is gathered in a knot 10. The anchor point 5 indicates where the tail assembly joins the surface of the ball.
FIG. 3: Show cross-sections of two hollow balls together with their tail assemblies.
FIG. 3a: One ball has been pierced and an anchor plug 6 is fitted in to the resulting aperture. This ball will not be able to retain any internal pressure.
FIG. 3b: An unpierced ball is also shown with an external attachment plug 9 so that the ball can be internally pressurized.
FIG. 4 Shows the cross-section of a foam plastic ball in to the centre of which has been added a dense ballast core 11.
FIG. 5: Deals with apparatus for measuring tail flexibility. This comprises a third angle view.
FIG. 6: Deals with apparatus for measuring tail flexibility and shows a side view.
FIG. 7: Shows a general view of a typical bat and bouncing ball type game being played. The flight lines 20, make it clear that the ball has bounced on the surface of the court. Also shown at 22, is the way the tail attached to the ball has become partially wrapped around the ball after the bounce/ 24, shows the ball in normal flight with the tails streaming out behind the ball.
FIG. 8: Graph: The graph plots the bounce loss and flight loss of a 60 mm foam polyurethane ball, weight 13.9 g (0.49 oz) when tested with multiple tails of different weights and different material: This graph is typical of graphs of balls and tails of other weights and materials which reflect similar shapes when plotted. The vertical axis shows percentages from 0 to 100 and the longitudinal axis shows ascending ratios of ball weight to tail weight. The tail weight is the weight of the tail outside the ball, and the ball weight includes any part of the tail and any anchor fittings inside the ball.
The horizontal Ball/Tail ratio line is plotted on a logarithmic scale, so that each unit of length reflects a doubling of the Ball/Tail ratio.
With regard to the "Bounce" Graph marked 1., this shows the percentage of the height of bounce of the ball, fitted with tails of different weights and materials. The ball is released from a height of 254 cm (100") onto a smooth, flat, horizontal concrete base, which is the same test as that used for tennis balls.
The percentage bounce for any given Ball/Tail ratio is the percentage of the height of the bounce for any given ball and tail combination of the height of the bounce of the ball without a tail. The bounce results are the same regardless of the type of material used for the tail, and directly reflect the weight of the tail. This is because in this test, the drag of the tail in flight does not appreciably affect the test while the ball is falling or rising after the bounce, the weight of the tail being the key factor in limiting the height of the bounce.
With regard to the "Flight Loss" Graphs, these plot the length of flight lost as a percentage of the maximum flight of a ball with no tail The test is carried out by hitting the ball hard with a bat at any upwards angle of approximately 45 � on a flat open area with no wind.
Graph Fl shows the flight loss curve when the tail is made from strips of plastic 0.035 mm thick (0.0014"). This material has relatively high surface area -1 g =365 cm2, and therefore has the highest drag for any given weight of tail. This is reflected by the fact that for any given Ball/Tail ratio, this material has the highest flight loss percentage.
Graph F2 shows the flight loss curve when the tail is made from thicker plastic 0.15 mm thick (0.0059") having a weight to surface area of 1 g =86 cm2.
Graph F3 shows the flight loss curve when the tail is made from 2.5 mm diameter nylon cord which has the lowest possible surface area for any given weight of tail -1 g =�l0 cm2
It will be seen that in the centre area of the graph, where Ball/Tail ratios are between approximately 3 and 20 and is the probable ratio range in which balls and tails will be actually constructed, there is a large difference between the height of bounce percentage at any given Ball/Tail ratio.
As a high bounce is essential for the use of ball and tail units in the play of bat and bouncing ball games, it is necessary that tail material be used with the maximum high ratio of surface area to weight. Only fairly recently have new tough grades of plastic become available which can be extruded into thin films from which a tail can be made which is thin enough to give the high surface area per gram needed for high drag and low weight, while at the same time being tough and strong enough to withstand the stresses imposed during the play of bat and bouncing ball games.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 12, 1965
|Feb 13, 1968
|Pura Z. Alabastro
|Toy projectile having streamers and a metal cap
|May 3, 1965
|Jul 23, 1968
|Robert W. Lawson
|Centrifugally launched resilient comet toy
|May 11, 1977
|May 9, 1978
|Clarke William A
|Game ball with flexible plastic foam tail
|Oct 29, 1979
|May 12, 1981
|Blue Walter L
|Resilient rotatable toy
|Sep 10, 1979
|Oct 13, 1981
|Clark Merlin W
|Aerial amusement projectile and method of manufacture
|Apr 18, 1985
|Apr 14, 1987
|Aspects, Inc.
|Extruded nosing for a furniture pedestal or the like
|Nov 12, 1986
|Sep 29, 1987
|Meyer David L
|Throwing toy and method of manufacture
|Apr 22, 1987
|May 2, 1989
|Callaghan Michael L
|Projectile toy
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 2002
|Feb 10, 2004
|Patricia See Hooten
|Whirling streamer snake toy
|Nov 14, 2002
|Mar 16, 2004
|Ian Gavin Gormley
|Tetherball-type game apparatus
|Nov 14, 2002
|May 11, 2004
|Ian Gavin Gormley
|Jun 25, 2003
|Apr 5, 2005
|Water sinker toy
|May 5, 2004
|Sep 5, 2006
|William Mark Corporation
|Wiggle flyer
|Mar 13, 2003
|Oct 3, 2006
|Joseph P. Hansberry
|Practice equipment
|Dec 11, 2003
|Mar 27, 2007
|Millman Peter L
|Skipping toy with extendable ribbon
|Jun 30, 2004
|Oct 30, 2007
|Whiting Jennifer M
|Method for finding and developing rhythm and a device therein
|Aug 31, 2010
|Chernick Mark J
|Novelty device having elastomeric protrusions with hard plastic terminations and its associated method of construction
|Oct 8, 2013
|Jul 8, 2014
|Todd M. Boulanger
|Training and rehabilitation device for ball throwing
|Oct 5, 2011
|Aug 25, 2015
|Limpet Sports Management B.V.
|Streamer ball
|Nov 14, 2002
|May 15, 2003
|Gormley Ian Gavin
|Tetherball-type game apparatus
|Nov 14, 2002
|May 15, 2003
|Gormley Ian Gavin
|Feb 5, 2003
|Dec 4, 2003
|Hansberry Joseph P.
|Training device
|Mar 13, 2003
|Dec 4, 2003
|Hansberry Joseph P.
|Practice equipment
|Mar 29, 2004
|Sep 16, 2004
|Koncelik Lawrence J.
|Sporting equipment audible device
|May 5, 2004
|Nov 10, 2005
|Forti William M
|Wiggle flyer
|Sep 6, 2005
|Jan 5, 2006
|Hansberry Joseph P
|Practice device
|Jun 6, 2006
|Dec 28, 2006
|Rosella John Jr
|Projectile toy
|Jul 10, 2007
|Jan 15, 2009
|Chernick Mark J
|Novelty device having elastomeric protrusions with hard plastic terminations and its associated method of construction
|Oct 5, 2011
|Nov 6, 2014
|Limpet Sports Management B.V.
|Streamer ball
|Mar 3, 2014
|Nov 20, 2014
|Alden J. Blowers
|Golf club having a hollow pressurized metal head
|Jun 14, 2013
|Dec 18, 2014
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Flowable devices and methods of self-orienting the devices in a wellbore
|Oct 9, 2014
|Apr 9, 2015
|Lori A. Beveridge
|Weighted exercise ball
|Apr 17, 2014
|Oct 22, 2015
|James E. Robertson
|Convertible Hat Device
|Nov 8, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Ian Gavin Gormley
|Streamer ball
|Nov 7, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Ian Gavin Gormley
|Tetherball-type game apparatus
|Mar 29, 2010
|Jan 6, 2011
|Limpet Sports Management B.V.
|A streamer ball
|Oct 5, 2011
|Apr 11, 2013
|Limpet Sports Management B.V.
|A streamer ball
|Oct 15, 2014
|Apr 23, 2015
|Limpet Sports Management B.V.
|A ball
|U.S. Classification
|473/575, 473/614
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 18, 1997
Owner name: EUROPEAN SPORTS MERCHANDISING BV, NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GORMLEY, IAN GAVIN;REEL/FRAME:008685/0374
Effective date: 19970717
|Mar 28, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 14, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 22, 2009
Owner name: LIMPET SPORTS MANAGEMENT B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EUROPEAN SPORTS MERCHANDISING B.V.;REEL/FRAME:022846/0908
Effective date: 20090507
|Mar 29, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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HEBRON ESTATES – Coming up big on defense, including stopping Bullitt Central three times on fourth down inside their own 25-yard line over the final 16 minutes of the game, the North Bullitt Eagles held on Friday to beat the Cougars 21-14 in the 41st renewal of The Game.
HILLVIEW - To increase the recent Red Cross blood drive collection, Jim Eadens sweetened the pot.
The Hillview mayor donated supplies for free ice cream sundaes to all donors who attended a recent drive hosted at the Hillview Government Center.
Eadens said the center has hosted many drives in the past. He was looking for an incentive to persuade more donors to the event.
In the past Eadens and members of the Hillview City Council have made other generous donations, including a Thanksgiving-style meal.
Lawrenceburg is the place to be this weekend when the community hosts its annual Burgoo Festival, highlighted by the annual Burgoo Cook-Off and inaugural Burgoo Eating Contest.
The festival runs Friday through Sunday and features a variety of live music, vendors and of course, burgoo, a tasty stew that includes a variety of meats and vegetables.
The cook-off allows anyone willing to make a $2 donation to judge a healthy sample of each team's burgoo, along with their booth displays.
HILLVIEW - The Bullitt County Chamber of Commerce and local officials welcome Branch Banking and Trust Company's Hillview Financial Center as the newest Chamber member.
The BB&T branch location, at 5205 Hansbrook Drive, has been serving the community since June 2006.
The location dates back to being a branch of the Bank of Louisville in 1972.
BB&T Hillview Financial Center is open Mondays through Thursdays from 9 a.m.-5 p.m., Fridays from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., and Saturdays from 9 a.m. to noon.
SHEPHERDSVILLE – The Game.
The first game in district play.
The first game toward the Bullitt Cup.
The only game of the season against your biggest rival.
MOUNT WASHINGTON – After shedding a huge monkey off of their backs last week in getting the first win under head coach Mark Sander, the Bullitt East Chargers can get a jump in the Class 5-A, District 3 race on Friday when they travel to Bardstown to take on Nelson County.
SHEPHERDSVILLE – Once again this season The Pioneer News will run the results from the Greater Bullitt County Youth Football League in each Wednesday edition during the season.
The statistics used each week are provided to the newspaper by the league and the individual teams. Questions about yardage, scoring and tackles should be directed to the league and those teams.
MOUNT WASHINGTON — One Bullitt East band member is marching his way to the U. S. Army All-American Bowl.
Bullitt East senior Adam Moore was chosen to join the 2017 U.S. Army All-American Marching Band in January.
Moore will play snare drum next to the 124 other students also selected to perform in the halftime show of the football game in San Antonio.
SHEPHERDSVILLE -- One of the oldest buildings in Shepherdsville will go on the auction block this Saturday.
The building at the corner of Joe B. Hall Avenue and South Buckman Street, best known as the Bullitt County Bank, will go on the auction block at 11 a.m. on Saturday, Sept. 24.
The building most recently served as PBI Bank. With the opening of a new facility on Adam Shepherd Parkway, the downtown location was closed in August 2014. The drive-thru remained open.
SHEPHERDSVILLE -- Frank Smith has won numerous local, state and national archery awards.
Winning on the big stage is nothing unusual for the Shepherdsville resident.
But the retired employee of General Electric and former state representative is tackling a brand new arena this month.
Smith has been invited and will participate as a member of the United States team in the World Outdoor Field Archery Championship in Wagga Wagga, Australia.
Copyright © 2016
The Pioneer News Online is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Bullitt County and Shepherdsville, KY, and the surrounding area.

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BOLIVIA — Brunswick Senior Resources Inc. will begin providing meals in-house in the next three months after receiving the approval from county commissioners at their Sept. 6 meeting.
Commissioners agreed to BSRI's request to send a 90-day termination notice to Trinity Corp., the county's current senior meals provider, by a unanimous 5-0 vote Tuesday night.
BSRI president/CEO Jim Fish told the board members BSRI can provide better quality by preparing meals at each full-service senior center in Shallotte, Leland and Southport.
Family members remember Sgt. 1st Class Robert George "Waveman" Ferguson as a pirate who was proud of his accomplishments, including his love of diving, his family and his military career.
"He always loved diving, always loved the beach, always, when he had the opportunity to come out here and do diving for a living he was really excited," Ferguson's wife, Stacey A. Tirpak-Ferguson said.
Since July 20, the Adopt-A-Cop Eastern NC initiative has reached thousands of officers in southeastern North Carolina, including officers in Brunswick County, with the exception of one agency.
Leland Town Manager David Hollis said Friday, Sept. 2, the town and its officers have opted out of receiving gifts and money from Adopt-A-Cop because of North Carolina General Statutes 133-32 and 14-234, which do not allow state employees to receive gifts from anyone with whom they may contract in the future.
Brunswick County Sheriff's Office deputies arrested a Shallotte man accused of leading them on a chase in Calabash.
Leland police are seeking information about a man who used a counterfeit $100 bill to pay for items Aug. 14 at the Walgreens at the entrance to Magnolia Greens on U.S. 17.
The man is described only as white with short or buzzed hair.
No other details were available from the police department by press time.
Anyone with information is asked to call Detective Ed Hutt at 332-5009.
A Tabor City man is accused of beating another man with a boat oar Aug. 31.
Brunswick County Sheriff's Office deputies arrested 54-year-old Marshall W. Gore of Westwood Drive on Sept. 1 and charged him with assault with a deadly weapon.
Warrants show Gore struck 53-year-old John Wayne Gore in the face with the boat oar until it broke while they were in Ocean Isle Beach.
An incident report indicates the Gores are related, but doesn't say how, sheriff's office spokeswoman Emily Flax said.
A Bald Head Island police officer resigned hours after he was arrested Sunday and charged with driving while impaired and possessing a concealed gun after or while consuming alcohol.
Brunswick County Sheriff's Office deputies stopped 26-year-old Malcolm Taylor Kennedy, of Guy Court SE in Leland, on U.S. 74/17 just before 2 a.m., warrants show. Kennedy's police badge and a Smith & Wesson .38-caliber revolver were in his vehicle. No description of his vehicle was provided.
SOUTHPORT — The Brunswick County Board of Education announced the district's employees of the year for the 2015-16 school year.
The announcement came during the board's monthly meeting Tuesday, Sept. 6 at South Brunswick High School in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Principal of the Year: Helen Otto, Jessie Mae Monroe Elementary School
Otto thanked all of those who support her and schools and put children first.
SUNSET BEACH — The town planning board will continue to publish proposed zoning changes but will eliminate publishing other agenda items that are deemed minor.
The decision came at the board's Sept. 1 meeting after town councilwoman Carol Scott and island resident Jan Harris spoke against a proposal to eliminate requiring the notices.
Town staff proposed modifying that section of the town Unified Development Ordinance.
Copyright © 2016
The Brunswick Beacon is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Brunswick County, North Carolina and surrounding areas.


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Category Archives: holiday
Happy Holidays Apple Cocktail #UVSaltyCaramelApple #ad
I was provided with a free sample of UV Salty Caramel Apple vodka to create this drink. Opinions are my own. Enjoy a Happy Holidays Apple Cocktail at your next get-together. It's the Holiday season and we are all busy. … Continue reading
Posted in apples, drink, holiday, What's For Dinner? Tagged vodka Leave a comment
Beef Roast and Cabbage #RoastPerfect #SundaySupper
This post is sponsored by Certified Angus Beef ® brand in conjunction with a social media campaign through Sunday Supper LLC. All opinions are my own. Seasonal Roasting with Certified Angus Beef ® brand It's time to create your family's … Continue reading
Posted in #SundaySupper, beef, cabbage, holiday, home, main dish, What's For Dinner? Tagged app, beef, entertaining, holidays, roast 47 Comments
Blueberry Cream Pie with Almond Meringue – Pi Day of the Century!
Today is the day for Pi(π) and pie fans to unite! The ultimate day to celebrate Pi March 14, 2015 9:26:53 a.m. (3.141592653). These numbers aligned make today the Pi Day of the Century! Pi Day is celebrated every March … Continue reading


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Extract posts from a vBulletin forum
This project was awarded to mujtabapanjwani for $255 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Awarded to:
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $5000 USD
Total Bids2
Project Description
I need someone to write two applications one for windows desktop and the other for windows mobile.
The application will do the following,
monitor a certain thread at vBulletin forum, (the forum is in **Arabic** language) and when it finds that a new post is made by a certain member (that i will specify) it should extract this new post and show it in the application and give a notification that a new post is made.
Concerning the windows mobile application, it will be used high priced internet connection, so the application has to be effecient and downloads only very useful data.
If it helps, i have a domain that you can use to store information on. i.e. use it as some kind of server for the applications.
Please post your bid, timeline, and language you are gonna use to write the application.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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- Forbes
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19th Century U.S. African American History. Assistant Professor
August 22, 2016
The History Department of Mississippi State University invites applications for a tenure-track appointment in 19th Century U.S. African American History, beginning August 16, 2017. Teaching responsibilities are two courses per semester. Offerings include undergraduate and graduate courses in the areas of expertise, a turn in the United States survey course, and graduate seminars. Demonstrated ability to contribute to the department's longstanding Ph.D. program and vibrant intellectual and professional life is especially favored.A Ph.D. in history by time of appointment is required.
History Grad Students Excel in National Arena, Win Prestigious Awards
July 27, 2016
National fellowships recognizing work of MSU doctoral studentsJuly 27, 2016Contact: Hannah BatemanSTARKVIILE, Miss.—Mississippi State graduate students from Louisiana, Michigan and Tennessee are spending the summer conducting dissertation research with fellowships awarded by prominent national organizations.All pursuing history doctorates at the university, they include:—Owen J. Hyman of Talisheek, Louisiana. Receiving the Forest History Society's inaugural Walter S.
Sarah Lewin Manages Mississippi State History Facebook and Twitter Pages
June 28, 2016
Sarah Lewin came to Mississippi State History a year ago from Oglethorpe University to pursue her Ph.D. degree. She studies the history of science and is particularly interested in early modern and 19th century European science. Poison is one of her particular interests. A proponent of social media, she follows Emily Gunther, who inaugurated the department's Facebook and Twitter pages.
Marcus Named Fellow of the Agricultural History Society
June 27, 2016
At its annual meeting in New York City this year, the Agricultural History Society conferred upon Alan I Marcus the designation of Fellow of the Agricultural History Society for "his high standards of scholarship and service to the organization." The number of Fellows is strictly limited by the society's by-laws.
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Top Definition
Someone who fiddles with their own bums or a mates bum.
Roger: "I went into Frankie's room and he was fingering himself."
Jermaine "That dude is a bumfiddler"
Jermaine "That dude is a bumfiddler"
от jeremiah1234 28 март 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Derogatory. One who handles their anus for recreation. Similar in use to wanker.
"That bum-fiddler just cut me up."
от hannahsmetana 13 април 2015


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ROSEMONT, Ill. – If Monday night's extra-inning thriller was any indication of how the four game series between the Bandits and Pride will go, NPF fans are certainly in for a treat. The first meeting in 2015 between the two rivals lasted 10 innings, with the Pride coming out on top by a score of 3-2. A RBI single from Chelsea Goodacre in the top of the 2nd inning would score Shelby Pendley to allow the Pride to take an early 1-0 lead. GiOnna DiSalvatore would increase that lead to 2-0 with a solo shot over the right field fence in the top of the 3rd, her second homer of the … [Read more...]
Pride Top Bandits in Extra Inning Thriller
June 30, 2015 by


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Gamma Radiation Monitoring Applications
X-ray fluorescence for environmental researchby Bruker Corporation based in Billerica, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
Environmental research is perfectly supported with Bruker AXS wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (WDXRF) S8 TIGER. Accurate and precise determination of hazardous elements down to the sub-ppm level, reliable identification of elements due to high spectral resolution, high analytical performance even for light elements: The TIGER are perfectly suited for these analytical tasks.
Electrical Based Tomography Systems for Multiphase Flowby Industrial Tomography Systems plc (ITS) based in Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
Multiphase flows are complex and unpredictable however they have a significant bearing on the safety, costs and revenues of many processes – particularly in oil and gas, but also in aerospace, chemicals and other sectors.
Radiation monitoring instruments for the homeland security & military industryby Technical Associates based in Canoga Park, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Technical Associates provides some of the best radiation detection and measurement equipment for Homeland Security. The TBM-3SR, or the Digital Version TBM-3SR-D, is cited by experts for use on every Fire Truck in the United States. The DSI-2 measures background radiation detecting any elevation in radiation. The DSI-2NT Series detects both fast and slow neutrons and model DSI-2GN detects and measures Gammas and Neutrons (Fissile Material).
Water Treatment Solutions for Radium Removalby Adedge Water Technologies, LLC based in Buford, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
Radium is found naturally in uranium ores. It is an alkaline earth metal that decomposes in water and it is over a million times more radioactive than the same mass of uranium. As a radiological hazard that emits alpha, beta, and gamma rays, it is a carcinogen.
Radiation Monitoring for Emergency Preparedness / Radiation Monitoring for Homeland Securityby Saphymo based in Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE
Nuclear and radiological risks are obviously a reality in today`s world, and anti-terrorism has become an absolute priority for homeland and border security. Alert and detection mechanisms are fundamental to current protection policies: we must be capable of preventing the illegal traffic of radioactive sources through border controls, and measuring gamma radiation in the environment if a malevolent act is committed. Saphymo meets homeland security and Emergency preparadness by proposing dosimeters and survey meters for both preventive and response purposes, enabling first responders to assess the character of radiological incidents. Border controls are performed using pedestrian and vehicle access control portals - Saphymo is a European leader in this field. Saphymo`s exhaustive range of reliable and high-performance products is fully adapted to the fight against CBRN terrorism and covers every conceivable situation.
Environmental radiation monitoringby HORIBA Europe GmbH based in Leichlingen, GERMANY
Every day, wherever we go, we are exposed to minute amounts of environmental radiation.* This environmental radiation is emitted continuously, day and night, from various objects and substances in the natural world and our living environment.
Most environmental radiation consists of three types: alpha rays (α), beta rays (β) and gamma rays (γ). HORIBA`s PA-1000 `Radi` environmental radiation monitor makes it easy for non-specialists to measure even minute levels of gamma rays.
* Environmental radiation, also known as natural radiation, includes radiation emitted from space, soil, stones, the ground and the air, as well as from manmade objects such as concrete and buildings


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looking for someone to do article submission and directory submission to my 2 blogs
This project has been awarded to eplanetsoftindia for $15 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Awarded to:
Skills Required
Project Budget$10 - $30 USD
Total Bids10
Project Description
looking for someone who can do article and directory submission to my 2 hubpage articles. im only spending 24 dollars. so what ever you can do for 24 is great.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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A comment usually attributed to Lord Leverhulme went something like, "I know that half of my marketing spend is wasted, but I'm not sure which half."
Whether they know it or not, this is this situation most companies are in today, I would go further and say 80% of your prospects come from 20% of your marketing but which 20%? Leverhulme didn't have the advantage of the Internet back in the 20s but you now have some big advantages.
Imagine being able to cut out the wasted spend and do more of what is working! It isn't difficult it just needs a simple database, better use of your web site and maybe a little planning.
Whether it is paying £20 per month to put a business card in the local store, a yellow pages advert or a piece in the local/national press; you need to know whether it is worth doing. When it comes to more expensive
If the 'Call To Action' of your
- Name
- Contact details
- Product/service they are interested in
- Likely buying timescale
- Where they heard about you
- Core product/service bought
- What additional products/services have they been offer
That is the bare minimum and you will have to add to this for your own business purposes but without this core data you are doomed to continue wasting a large portion of your marketing budget.
If you have a web site then you can get clever. If you don't have a web site then go get one, now! Seriously, you can have a web site for around £20 plus the time and effort of setting it up. There is enough information freely available to allow you to create a compelling web experience for your customers and get the message out there that you exist. If you know nothing about the internet and can't afford to get a third party to do the development for you then choose a web host that offers one of the easy web creators.
Every piece of
After a while you can see through your web statistics how many people arrive at these unique pages. An easy way of judging the success rates of all your
Then you can stop paying for the adverts that are not bringing in visitors, adjust the ones where the conversion rates are low and do more like the ones that are working for you.


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Rent An Introduction to Collective Bargaining & Industrial Relations 3rd edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Harry C. Katz. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by McGraw-Hill.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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Are you...?
If yes, click here to learn about BBB Accreditation.
This business is not BBB accredited.
Eljay X-Ray, IncAdditional Locations
Phone: (330) 908-0646 Fax: (330) 908-0649 View Additional Phone Numbers 6834 W Sherri Dr, Macedonia, OH 44056 http://www.eljayxray.com
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
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Businesses are under no obligation to seek BBB accreditation, and some businesses are not accredited because they have not sought BBB accreditation.
To be accredited by BBB, a business must apply for accreditation and BBB must determine that the business meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses must pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that affect the rating for Eljay X-Ray, Inc include:
- Length of time business has been operating
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Customer Complaints Summary
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Additional Information
Type of Entity
Business ManagementMr. Brian Jenkins, CEO
Contact Information
Business Category
X-Ray Apparatus & Supplies Hospital & Medical Equipment & Supplies
Service AreaThe U.S
Business Management
According to information in BBB files, Mr. Brian Jenkins is also identified as Owner of with Customer Computer Solutions, LLC. A separate report is available for that company.


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Recent News for Skin Problems
Epizootic Lymphangitis: A Working Equid Disease
February 12, 2014
Epizootic lymphangitis (EZL) causes skin and eye lesions and loss of use in working horses and donkeys.... Read More
Health Concerns Related to Equine Obesity
February 11, 2014
Obesity is a serious health condition, but many owners still look at a fat pony and think how cute it is.... Read More
Prepurchase Examinations: Don't Forget the Eyes
February 06, 2014
But before you sign the papers for your new horse, have your veterinarian look the horse in the eye.... Read More
Belgian JEB Carrier Rate Steady; Mare Testing To Be Required
February 05, 2014
Such testing requirements aim to prevent the birth of JEB foals and reduce the number of carriers.... Read More
Understanding Rain Rot
January 29, 2014
Practicing good hygiene and reducing environmental risk factors can help keep a horse from getting rain rot.... Read More
Equine Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotrophic Disease
January 13, 2014
This rare, chronic wasting disease is characterized by development of granulomas in numerous organs. ... Read More
Understanding Scratches
January 13, 2014
Horses in excessively wet or muddy environments are at greater risk of getting scratches.... Read More
Melanoma Implications in Prepurchase Exams
January 12, 2014
When in their early stages, melanomas are small and can seem insignificant, but many are extremely invasive.... Read More
The Top Horse Health Multimedia Content of 2013
January 03, 2014
Which were the most accessed videos, slideshows, reports, and podcasts in 2013? Here's a list of the top 10. ... Read More
Researchers Developing Equine Sweet Itch Test
December 20, 2013
Learn about a possible new test for diagnosing insect bite hypersensitivity (summer eczema, sweet itch).... Read More
Dealing with Burns on Horses
November 28, 2013
A burn requires careful treatment to prevent complications, regardless of severity.... Read More
Vets Testing Cutting-Edge Sarcoid Treatment for Horses
November 12, 2013
The treatment, called H-FIRE, delivers a short burst of electricity into specific places in the tumor.... Read More
Grooming For Health
November 11, 2013
Your daily grooming regime requires commitment. Its rewards are your horse's continued well-being and comfort.... Read More
UC Davis Acquires New Linear Accelerator
November 09, 2013
The system is designed to allow radiation oncologists to deliver powerful treatments with pinpoint accuracy.... Read More
Hair Coat Conundrums
November 04, 2013
Each of your horse's hairs speaks volumes about his overall health, nutrition status, and genetic makeup. ... Read More
Watch for Summer Sores in Horses
October 30, 2013
Persistent summer sores are extremely bothersome, slow to heal, and can prevent horses from training. ... Read More
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow
October 15, 2013
If we want to better manage our horses' winter coats, we need to understand what they are and how they grow.... Read More
Abnormal Facial Sweating
October 07, 2013
What would cause a horse to sweat on only one side of its face? ... Read More
Melanoma Risk in Gray Quarter Horses Studied
September 20, 2013
Gray Quarter Horses could be less susceptible to melanomas compared to grays of other breeds.... Read More
Help Your Favorite Animal Nonprofit Win Skin Care Products
August 29, 2013
Vote for your favorite animal nonprofit organization to win a year's supply of wound and skin care products. ... Read More
Protect Your Horse from Midges with a Sweet Itch Blanket
August 29, 2013
These special blankets keep bugs off your horse and prevent a frustrating skin condition. A TheHorse.com Q&A.... Read More
Equine Pastern Dermatitis: A Pathologist's Perspective
August 01, 2013
A correct and early diagnosis can greatly expedite pastern dermatitis' resolution.... Read More
Thoroughbred Stallion Unbridled's Song Euthanized
July 26, 2013
He was euthanized due to an inoperable mass in multiple sinus cavities and around his optic nerves. ... Read More
Researchers Developing Immunotherapeutic IBH Treatment
May 03, 2013
Veterinarians might soon have a new "tool" to help treat equine insect bite hypersensitivity: clones.... Read More
Researchers Review Equine Sarcoidosis Cases
March 21, 2013
Seek a sarcoidosis diagnosis before starting treatments that might be useless or painful for your horse.... Read More


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Yamaha Motor Philippines holds final leg of GrandPrix 7After a series of successful racing events, Yamaha Philippines hosted the Yamaha GrandPrix 7, the final leg of said competition, at the Carmona Race Track. Participants of the Yamaha GrandPrix 7 are winners of the prior stages of the racing ... HardwareZone Philippines PortaLite, 3 hours ago
Inextis Activates Yamaha Motors RayZR at Korum Mall, Thane with Singer Badshah - EventFAQs, 2 days ago
Yamaha : and Yamaha Motor Host Joint Design Event; On the theme 'Two Yamahas, One Passion,' exhibiting a total of eleven design concept models and products from both companies - 4 Traders, 5 days ago
318 images for yamaha motors
Improved Safety Features & Performance Will Be Added To 2017 Yamaha R15
Yamaha Motors India has only provided new colours and graphics to its YZF-R15. The Version 2.0 was launched in India sometime during 2011. Now reports suggest that the Japanese manufacturer is working on an all-new entry-level sportbike. This ...DriveSpark.com, 1 week ago Yamaha R15 V3.0 to pack more power, safety and performance ABP Live, 3 days ago 2017 Yamaha R15 v3.0 Could Get Bigger Piston DriveSpark.com, 3 hours ago Yamaha YZF-R15 V3.0 will get more power and ABS, says Yamaha Motor Research & Development India MD Motoroids.com, 1 week ago
MotoGP Race Results From MotorLand Aragon
Aragon MotoGP Race Results 1. Marc MARQUEZ (93), Repsol Honda Team HONDA 2. Jorge LORENZO (99) Movistar Yamaha MotoGP YAMAHA 3. Valentino ROSSI (46) Movistar Yamaha MotoGP YAMAHA 4. Maverick VIÑALES (25) Team Suzuki Ecstar SUZUKI 5. Cal ...Motorcyclist Magazine, 2 days ago Hong Leong Yamaha announces new graphics for Y15ZR Autofreaks.com, 17 hours ago Yamaha Y15ZR GP Edition Launched RM8,634 Drive Safe and Fast, 4 days ago 2016 Yamaha Y15ZR MotoGP Edition RM8,634.76 Paultan.org, 4 days ago
Yamaha Eyes For 1 Million Sales In India By Next Year
The Japanese two-wheeler manufacturer India Yamaha Motor Sales (IYMS) is expecting a steep growth in the two-wheeler sales in India. Yamaha has picked-up its sales in the country from past two months. Vice President, Sales and Marketing, ...DriveSpark.com, 4 days ago Yamaha guns for one million sales in India next year Economic & India Times Auto.com, 4 days ago Yamaha Saluto gets Matt Green treatment Goa On Wheels, 1 week ago Yamaha Saluto now also available in Matt Green colour ZeeNews.com, 1 week ago
We want to use our India product innovations globally.
Yasuo Ishihara, the managing director of Yamaha Motor Research & Development India on increasing the level of collaboration between its facilities in Surajpur and Chennai, the INDRA project, Blue Core technology and low-cost motorcycle development.Autocar Professional, 1 week ago Yamaha R15 Version 3 To Offer Higher Performance & Safety MotorBeam.com, 1 week ago Developing Effective ABS & CBS Is A Key Task For Our R&D Centre Auto Tech Review, 2 weeks ago Yamaha establishes its second R&D Centre in India India Infoline, 2 months ago
More from: , Business Standard...and 2 other sources
2017 Yamaha YZF-R6 Teased Ahead of Intermot? R-World Video Released
2017 Yamaha YZF-R6 Teased? [embedded content] With the international motorcycle trade show season kicking into high-gear, so too are the marketing machines within some of the most prevalent manufacturers in the motorcycle industry. Last week ...Ultimate Motorcycling, 1 week ago Yamaha to debut 2017 YZF-R6 at Intermot next month Deccan Chronicle, 1 week ago 2017 Yamaha YZF-R6 To Debut At Intermot Next Month Asian Age, 1 week ago 2017 Yamaha YZF-R6 teased, to debut at 2016 Intermot on October 4 : Details, Images and Video Motoroids.com, 1 week ago
August two wheeler sales: How Royal Enfield, Honda Scooters, Hero Motocorp, Yamaha performed
Royal Enfield motorcycle sales grew 30 percent in August 2016, though exports registered a slightly lower rate of growth, according to Eicher Motors, which makes the motorcycle, in a regulatory filing to the stock exchanges on Thursday. Honda ...Yahoo! India, 3 weeks ago August 2016 two wheeler sales report Hero, Honda, Bajaj, TVS, Royal Enfield, Yamaha, Suzuki, Mahindra Rush Lane, 2 weeks ago INDIA SALES: Top 10 Two-wheelers in August 2016 Autocar Professional, 6 days ago Two-wheeler sales in India for August 2016 Overdrive.in, 3 weeks ago
More from: , Motown India...and 1 other sources
Yamaha Command Link 6YC LCD Gauge: Boating Advice
PARIS MOTOR SHOW: 2016 preview The Paris motor show opens in ... Published : Friday, 19 August 2016 Pebble Beach: Cadillac unveils hatchback limo Rangy new Escala concept... Published : Friday, 19 August 2016 Mazda MX-5 RF ...RedBook.com.au, 1 month ago Top 25 Ultimate Motorcycles 2016 Models Ultimate Motorcycling, 1 week ago MDPPA projects more than 1M unit sales for 2016 Manila Times, 4 weeks ago Top 10 Hooligan Motorcycle Techniques I Won't Attempt Any Time Soon Ultimate Motorcycling, 1 month ago
More from: , Business Mirror...and 5 other sources
India Yamaha Motor registers 22% domestic sales growth in August
NEW DELHI: India Yamaha Motor has announced 22 percent growth in domestic sales (including Nepal) in August 2016, selling 74,868 units as against 61,440 units sold last August. The company continues to maintain an upward trend in sales at the back ...Economic & India Times Auto.com, 3 weeks ago Two-wheeler Sales August 2016: India Yamaha Motor registers 22% growth in domestic sales Motoroids.com, 3 weeks ago Nissan sales surge over two-fold to 5,918 units in August India.com, 3 weeks ago
Yamaha sales up 22 per cent at 74,868 units in August
New Delhi, Sep 1 : India Yamaha Motor today reported 22 per cent increase in domestic sales to 74,868 units in August. The company had sold 61,440 units in the same month a year ago, India Yamaha Motor said in a statement. (ALSO READ:Toyota sales up ...India.com, 3 weeks ago Yamaha sales up 22% at 74,868 units in August Money Control, 3 weeks ago
More from: , Financial Express...and 2 other sources
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Breaking News
Shooter killed father before wounding 2 students, teacher at nearby elementary school
Despite harsh reviews, Donald Trump resists new debate approach
Hillary Clinton seeks campaign lift from Bernie Sanders, Michelle Obama
LA County coroner's office reports progress in reducing backlog of bodies
Israeli media: Former Israeli President Shimon Peres dies
National Voter Registration Day aims to increase turnout on Election Day
Swarm of quakes rattles Salton Sea
Take heart, Mr. Trump: Lots of debaters have rebounded
Donald Trump calls former Miss Universe Alicia Machado 'the worst'
Moderator Lester Holt works to keep control of first Clinton-Trump debate
New contract approved for Cerritos College faculty
Cerritos College faculty has a new three-year contract with pay raises for faculty members who work full and part time. Cerritos Community College District board members approved the deal on Wednesday, acc...
Long Beach College Promise model for higher education spreading
Long Beach educators gathered Thursday in celebration of the growth of the Long Beach College Promise, a college admissions program that is now
Hate crimes
Cal State San Bernardino study shows hate crimes against American Muslims up 78%
SAN BERNARDINO >> Recurring terrorist attacks on U.S. soil along with racially and culturally divisive rhetoric on the campaign trail has fueled a 78 percent increase in hate crimes against American Muslims in 2015, a level unsurpassed since 9/11, according to a study by Cal State San Bernardino. Additionally, hate crimes against Arabs increased 219 percent, while hate crimes against blacks, Latinos, Jews and the LGBT community showed only minor increases or decreases by between...
Graduation rates, voter turnout on agenda for Cal State trustees
Cal State University trustees are scheduled to discuss the 23-campus system's imperative to increase graduation rates during their meeting this week in Long Beach. Trustees may also approve plans designed to increase voter turnout among college students, as undergraduates in their late teens or early 20s show a lack of interest in choosing their political leaders. Members of the university's Board of Trustees are...
Educational experts react to plans to improve school accountability at CSULB forum
California's attempt to evaluate schools' abilities to educate more than 6.2 million students will no longer rely on test results alone. Instead, principals and teachers can look forward to being judged by a new system — intended to provide a more comprehensive view of educators' work — that will not only assess students' performance on standardized tests, but also score schools on such elements as college preparedness, English learners'...
Education policy
Watch live: Villaraigosa, CALmatters explain California's new school accountability system
CALmatters, Cal State Long Beach and Southern California News Group will host "A for Accountability: A Report Card on California's New Public-School Assessments," Wednesday, Sept. 14 at 6:30 p.m. The event, at Cal State Long Beach, will live-stream on this site. The California State Board of Education is overhauling...
Caltech bests USC, UCLA as top college in Southern California
LOS ANGELES — Tied with Northwestern University at No. 12, the California Institute of Technology was the top Southern California school on the annual Best Colleges Rankings released today by U.S. News & World Report — a list topped once again by Princeton University. USC was in 23rd place and UCLA was ranked 24th, tied with Carnegie Mellon and the University of Virginia. But when a list of the best public universities was segmented out of the main list, UCLA...
September 11 attacks
9/11 flag flap sparks heated debate at Occidental College
EAGLE ROCK >> While some Occidental College students are condemning the destruction of a 9/11 memorial of miniature flags placed on campus, others are defending the vandals saying the American flag is "a symbol of institutionalized violence." Occidental sophomore Alan Bliss, president and co-founder of the Occidental...
Environmental education
AltaSea welcomes sea explorer Robert Ballard and his Nautilus to San Pedro
As a boy, famed deep sea explorer Robert Ballard wanted to "go where no one else has gone before on Earth." At 74 years old, the marine archeologist who discovered the Titanic and the German battleship Bismark long ago achieved his childhood dream. Now, he hopes to open up his world to youth living not far from where he grew up in Gardena and Downey. • VIDEO: Greeting the Nautilus as it arrives at...
Long Beach's 'College Promise' program a model for reaching more students in California
Programs offering financial assistance backed up by support services to encourage college attendance and completion — sometimes extending the offer when students are still in elementary school, or even earlier — are proliferating at a rapid pace in California. At least 23 California community colleges are now offering "College Promise" initiatives, including 13 that have begun or will begin in the current year alone, according to a new report by...
Long Beach City College and others invite ITT Tech students to apply
Former students of the now-defunct ITT Technical Institute who choose to continue their studies at community colleges may have a chance to transfer credits for classes they've already completed — but officials say there's no one-size-fits-all solution to figuring out whether those students' prior work should count. The complication stems from accreditation. Schools such as Long Beach City College and El Camino College in Torrance are not accredited by the...
Genocide in Guatemala topic of USC international conference
LOS ANGELES >> The USC Shoah Foundation's Center for Advanced Genocide Research Sunday will begin hosting an inaugural international conference on the genocide that ravaged Guatemala at the height of the Cold War in the early 1980s. The four-day event at USC will be simulcast in English and Spanish. "Los Angeles is home to one of the world's largest concentrations of families who fled the Guatemalan genocide, making it an ideal host for an event of...


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You have every right to worry about your home's security. You never know if you're a "n'er do well" might come along and if they want to steal your belongings or harm your home. Read this guide to make your house safer.
Always have the locks after moving into a new home. You never know how many keys to the old locks are floating around. Do the same thing if you misplace a key.
Comparison shop when seeking a security system. Make sure to obtain quotes from a minimum of three companies before you decide on a final one.
Turn the ringers off on all your phones if you are going to be away. A constantly ringing phone lets thieves know that you're not home and could increase the chances of you getting robbed.
There is a solution for people that are worried about burglars going into their home through the garage. You can use a C-clamp to stop the door and prevent it from being opened.
Put motion sensor lights into your home. These lights turn on if someone walks near your house. Just remember to change out the bulbs whenever necessary.
This is particularly true when you feel uneasy with those that install your actual system. Don't hesitate asking for another technician or to hire a new company altogether. The point of having a security system is to feel safer after all.
You could hide certain valuables within your walls.You don't have to damage the wall to do so. Many areas in your house are already cut that can be used for this purpose.
Make sure that none of your valuables cannot be seen from outside the outside. While it may be nice to look out, it also gives potential thieves a good look in your own home.
If you are entering a house that has already been occupied, make sure you get the locks changed. The previous owners or tenants might have a key. You can also put the locks yourself so you know that you are the only one with a key.
Ask the home security company how long they have been running prior to signing up. A company with a while has proved they can survive and provide great service is reliable. Knowing that you are dealing with a shady company gives you extra peace of mind when making this crucial decision.
While these systems are great and can help protect your family, they aren't necessary for every family. In some situations, in others you well-served with an alert dog or reinforced locking systems. Be sure to assess the sorts of risks you face before making big decisions.
Wireless home security systems are the next generation in protection. Systems that are wired are cheaper, but may need significant reworking of your home's electrical wiring and can fail in a power outage.
Thieves can often be found looking through garbage for information. You can also simply tear up your discarded papers.
Your precious pooch is one of your best home from intruders. Dogs are very protective of their turf and usually make noises when uneasy. It is not necessary to have to be a big tough dog.Even small dogs can ward off intruders with enough noise.
Don't fit your exterior doors with locks of the spring latch locks. These locks can easily be picked within a credit card. Intruders can pick these locks by wedging a card in between the latch and door for the lock to pop open. Add a deadbolt if you do not want to replace your spring latch locks for maximum security.
Keep curtains closed when you are away from home.Intruders can look into your home if the blinds are up. You ought to keep them closed while you are asleep.
Think about getting a hard-wired system if you're worried about maintenance costs. It can also be pretty expensive to replace many different batteries.
You do not want to avoid having people peeking in through the window. If possible burglars see your valuables, they may want to hit you next. Make sure you're discreet concerning your belongings so you can keep your chances of becoming a minimum.
Sliding patio doors are a huge security problem in many homes. They can be easily be unlocked by lifting them and then shaking them. This can keep your door closed and make it tougher to force wide open.
Being friendly will make them more likely to alert you great security.
Buy a security system straight from a reliable company instead of a re-seller. Re-sellers are really looking to make a buck, and they likely won't offer you any guarantees.
Always change your locks on a new home. This goes for both rentals and purchased homes, so ask the landlord to change the locks, if you are able to do so.
Try not to make your rooms that can be seen from outside. If there is a huge TV or nice computer visible, a thief can see it too. Consider putting up drapes or curtains to keep people outside your home from seeing your interior furnishings. If you don't think this is possible in a certain room, don't keep your valuables in the peripheral rooms of your home.
Be realistic about what you need to do in order to protect your family. Anything can happen unexpectedly, so you should try to be prepared. Use the tips from this article to create a safer place for your family.