text:
Mohan K. Raizada, Ph.D.
Distinguished Professor
(352) 392-9299
Office: MBI L4-181
Member of the McKnight Brain Institute
Dr. Raizada has been a biomedical researcher and educator for 25 years. He received his Ph.D from the University of Kanpur, India and performed dissertation research at the Central Drug Research Institute, India. After post-doctoral training at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Dr. Raizada joined the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa as an assistant professor in 1979. He moved to the University of Florida in 1981 as an associate professor where he is currently a Distinguished Professor of Physiology and Functional Genomics.
Dr. Raizada is a leader in the field of neural control of cardiovascular functions and has pioneered physiological genomic techniques to investigate the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiopulmonary disease.
His most significant contribution has been the demonstration that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vasoprotective axis of the RAS plays a critical role in maintaining a normal cardiovascular homeostasis, and is poised to be a better therapeutic target for the next generation of antihypertensives.
Dr. Raizada has published 269 peer-reviewed papers, 44 review articles, edited ten books, and has been and continues to be an invited speaker at national and international meetings. He has received uninterrupted funding for his research program primarily from the NIH. Dr. Raizada is a recipient of numerous prestigious awards including Young Scientist Medal from the Indian National Science Academy, Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association, Losartan Award from Merck & CO, Outstanding Research Award from Sigma Xi, Florida Chapter, UFRF Professorship, MERIT award from the NIH and Ranbaxy Award for Outstanding Research in Biomedical Science. He has been a regular member of the NIH study sections (ECS, HM, and VCMB) for the last 9 years and is in the editorial boards of many high quality scientific journals.
Dr. Raizada was presented the 2013 Arthur C. Corcoran Memorial Lecture by the American Heart Association's Council for High Blood Pressure. This honor is given each year to a distinguished researcher in the field of hypertension.
In 2014, Dr. Raizada was awarded the Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship, presented by the American Physiological Society.
In 2015, Dr. Raizada received the Lifetime Achievement Award for Faculty in the College of Medicine at the University of Florida.
Our Research Team:
Interesting News
- Commentary on Plant Paper: http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/64/6/1182.full
- Cover for Circulation Research: http://intl-circres.ahajournals.org/content/117/2.cover-expansion
- Commentary on Circulation Research: http://intl-circres.ahajournals.org/content/117/2/119.full.pdf+html and http://intl-circres.ahajournals.org/content/117/2/106.full.pdf+html
- ACE2 Commentary on Pulmonary Hypertension: http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201301-0133ED#.VdYlj30yj7I


text:
The Weekender
photo via Flickr // Tim Evanson
It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas in the nation's capital! Whether you're into cozying up with a cocktail or going out and about in the cold, there are so many holiday festivities to enjoy this weekend. We've got our top picks just for you!
Shine Bright | National Tree Lighting
photo via whitehouse.gov
The lighting of the National Christmas Tree is the beginning of a three week Washington, DC Christmas tradition. Each year organizations from each state provide tree decorations for tree and it is amazing to see. The event is held rain or shine, and although the lottery for tickets is closed, you can watch it live here. Better yet, visit the tree from now until January 1st.
Celebrate the 21st | Repeal Day
photo via thedrinknation.com
Celebrate the passage of the 21st Amendment – the repeal of prohibition! No better way to celebrate than enjoying libations with friends. Check out Jack Rose for an epic party with Prohibition-era cocktails and a Pappy Van Winkle happy hour (5-7:30pm). Feeling fancy? Celebrate instead in black tie at the Repeal Day Ball at the Carnegie Library. Tickets and more information can be found here.
The Nutcracker| Warner Theatre
photo via washingtonballet.com
In the mood for tights and tutus? Enjoy an evening at the ballet! The Washington Ballet is performing Septime Webre's The Nutcracker in a fantastic tribute to our nation's capital. The Nutcracker will be at the Warner Theatre through December 23, tickets for the show can be purchased .
Hoppy Holidays | Drink the District
photo via drinkthedistrict.com
Sample unlimited pours of more than 50 brews from breweries like Dogfish Head, Devil's Backbone, Victory, and Sweetwater. Not only are there holiday hops, but you can also enjoy a live DJ & emcee, backyard games, and food trucks galore. Pick a session: 12-3pm, 4:30-7:30pm, or 9pm-12am. General admission is $40 and you can get tickets here.
Holiday Festival | Smithsonian
photo via si.edu
The Smithsonian will host a two-day holiday festival, Saturday, December 6, and Sunday, December 7, at the National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of Natural History, National Museum of American History and Smithsonian Castle. The festival will include concerts, Mars Chocolate demonstrations, family fun, festive food and hours of entertainment.
Parade of Lights | Alexandria Waterfront
photo via boatbound.com
The Alexandria Holiday Boat Parade of Lights is a festive favorite in both Old Town DC as decorated boats light up the Potomac. With over 50 brightly lit boats, they compete in categories such as Best in Show and Best Thinking Outside the Christmas Box. The festivities are from 3 – 7 PM on the Alexandria Waterfront and the Torpedo Factory.
Featured articles
Arianna Huffington Joins Uber's Board of Directors
Today, I'm excited to announce that Arianna Huffington will join Uber's board. For those of us who know Arianna, it's clear she knows a thing or two about being an entrepreneur. As the founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post, she's built one of the most successful, innovative media companies in the world… from scratch. […]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(216) 352-1288 – firstname.lastname@example.com
A professional sharpener in Cleveland, Ohio.
Click on an item for more information and prices:
Scissors (Sewing and PInking Too!)
We can sharpen your scissors! Everything from cheap scissors for paper, to expensive dressmaking and pinking shears! You'll get your scissors back oiled, adjusted, and sharper than they've ever been before.
- Scissors up to 4″ blades – $4.00
- Large & pinking shears – $8.00
- Dressmaker scissors – $6.00
Note: At this time, Cleave Ohio does not sharpen salon shears.
Kitchen Knives (Serrated Too!)
Bring in your kitchen knives, and they'll be treated like they were our own! Using a slow-speed whetstone, your knives will be treated with the utmost in care, and never overheated. The least possible amount of steel will be removed from the blade, and you'll get back razor sharp knives! Can we do serrated knives? You bet!
- Knives up to 3″ – $3.00
- Knives up to 5″ – $5.00
- Knives up to 7″ – $7.00
- Knives over 7″ and cleavers – $8.00
Paper Cutters
Stop using that dull paper cutter! Bring it back to like-new shape with Cleave, Ohio! Your cutter will come back oiled, and like the day you bought it… in 1973.
- Paper Cutter – $20.00
Note: Paper cutters must come back to our shop. Also, certain paper cutters can not be disassembled, which is required for sharpening. Cleave, Ohio reserves the right to not sharpen these types.
Garden Tools
It's that time of the year! Sharp tools makes all the difference.
- Pruning clippers – $6.00
- Hatchets and axes – $6.00
- Grass shears & loppers – $7.00
- Hedge trimmers – $8.00
- Shovels and Hoes – $5.00
Reel Mowers
Has your reel mower ever been serviced? It's about time.
What do we do? We take the wheels off, clean out the gunk and old grease, and re-grease everything. Then we clean and sharpen the blades, and adjust the mower to operate as smooth as possible.
Note: Your mower needs to come back with us to the shop. It takes a week to finish, and you'll get a call when it's ready. Can we pickup and deliver your mower? Yep! (For $5, within a 5-mile radius of the farmer's market). Also, certain mowers can not be serviced if the blades and/or wheels can not be removed.
- Reel Mowers – $40-$50, depending on the model.
Gas-Power Mower Blades
Cut that grass like butter!
- Mower Blades – $6.00
Note: Blade must be removed from mower to be sharpened.
Your weird item!
Just because it's not listed here, doesn't mean we don't sharpen it. Send Greg and Email, or call him.
(216) 352-1288 – firstname.lastname@example.com
Where to find Cleave, Ohio
Crocker Park Farmer's Market
Summer Dates
May: Every Saturday 9AM – 1PM
Jun: Every Saturday 9AM – 1PM
Jul: Every Saturday 9AM – 1PM
Aug: Every Saturday 9AM – 1PM
Sep: Every Saturday 9AM – 1PM
Raise money for your charity, the easy way!
Cleave, Ohio will pick up knives from your office/place of work,and will drop them off, razor sharp, the very next day.
50% goes directly to the charity of your choice. It couldn't be easier.
Ready to raise some easy money?
Want Cleave, Ohio at YOUR Farmer's market or business?
Greg is booking spots quickly for the upcoming holiday season, and into next year. Call Greg at (216) 352-1288, or send an email. Let's talk more!


text:
Square Pillar Lantern
Bristol Lantern, Small
Bristol Lantern, Small
$59 – $119 Special $47 – $95
Designed to resemble mansard-roofed buildings, our Bristol Lanterns have a circular top that lets heat escape while the dramatic glow of the candle stays protected. Gather them around an indoor or outdoor seating area as a warm light display. KEY PRODUCT POINTS Crafted of white painted pinewood. Glass panes. Easy-open hinged door is inset with a glass pane and closes securely.
Kistler Lantern, Square
Kistler Lantern, Square
$89 – $119 Special $71 – $95
An antique-bronze finish adds rich luster to this classic design. Place our lanterns on a coffee table or console, or along a patio, to enhance the look of flickering candlelight. KEY PRODUCT POINTS Made of stainless steel and glass; finished in antique bronze. Imported.


text:
Looking for a baclofen? Not a problem!
Click Here
Should you be given more details relating to baclofen generously stop by Pharmacy Lookup.
Guaranteed Worldwide Shipping
Discreet Package
Low Prices
24/7/365 Customer Support
100% Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Recovery out of this surgery contain physical therapy up to 4 days every week for around six months , along with approximately a week remain in the hospital post op. This therapy will help your child with improvement in posture,muscle tone,and coordination. The presence of arachnoid cysts is often a congenital disorder which could start when pregnant, nevertheless the symptoms of having arachnoid cysts might be delayed in support of felt until adolescence. Having a pump inserted inside abdomen, baclofen is distributed to muscles, reducing spasticity. In addition, longitudinal studies have not been conducted on these medications, so their long-term risks and benefits aren't yet understood.
Some of Baclofen's primary uses are treating multiple sclerosis and spine injuries. Side effects, this all time, may actually become mild. The following is a list of such dangerous medications, copied (using their permission) from the ASPCA website at. Some anti-depressants like amitriptyline are now and again tried with variable levels of success. Physiotherapy, exercise programs and medicines like baclofen along with the unfortunate Vioxx wreckage are what most have to work with so, perhaps, with adding another option such as Sativex as well as efficacy and safety, relief can finally be had.
Just bear in mind that in case you suspect your pet has gotten into anything inappropriate in the home, call any local Rockford area veterinarian or one nearest to your home immediately and follow his advice on the best way to handle the situation. For any type of therapy being effective sessions have to take place regularly. More specifically case study showed the average abstinence of 62. Skeletal muscle relaxants make part of a larger class of drugs called muscle relaxants and they are used to lessen the unpleasant results of muscle injuries and spasms. Clinical signs and symptoms of ingestion include disorientation, not enough coordination and seizures.
Baclofen addiction may cause withdrawal signs and symptoms for example hallucinations or seizures; it can also be advisable never to quickly stop the consumption with the drug given it may cause another negative effect to the body. Infusions receive by IV drip in a medical facility while you're closely monitored by a nurse or doctor for adverse negative effects. Zarontin is also used to help remedy petit mal seizures, and it is taken orally. Cannabis has demonstrated effects on immune function that likewise have the potential of reducing the autoimmune attack which is thought to get the underlying pathogenic process in MS. * Warn patient before using Baclofen to never discontinue medication abruptly.
If you desire to try, I will probably be walking you through any questions with my articles that can keep you informed and so on track. You can prevent yourself from ever the need to make that call by having the top ten human medications that may poison your beloved animals. Use the drug exactly the way it really is given by the professional to you. Over 40 medicines are listed by the Multiple Sclerosis Society as frequently used by MS patients. Which is the reason this article is about utilizing a well-established drug off-label to take care of alcoholism.


text:
Welcome to the Muppet Central Forum!
You are viewing our forum as a guest. Join our free community to post topics and start private conversations. Please contact us if you need help with registration or your account login.
Sesame Street Season 46 on PBS
Sesame Street's 46th season officially begins on PBS Monday September 12. After you see the new episodes, post here and let us know your thoughts.
Electric Mayhem at Outside Lands
Fans have been waiting forty years for a live concert with Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem and it happened Sunday August 7 at the Outside Lands Music Festival.
- Last Activity:
- Oct 22, 2012
- Joined:
- Aug 25, 2012
- Messages:
- 10
- Likes Received:
- 2
- Trophy Points:
- 3
Followers 1
- Gender:
- Female
- Birthday:
- Jun 25, 1985 (Age: 31)
- Location:
- Holland
Share This Page
New Member, Female, 31, from Holland
- Rose85 was last seen:
- Oct 22, 2012
- Loading...
- Loading...
- Gender:
- Female
- Birthday:
- Jun 25, 1985 (Age: 31)
I am a 27 year old muppets/sesame/labyrinth fan.
- Location:
- Holland
I believe in Jim's ideas.
I love his son's movies, sesame street and al that jazz.
Back in holland there are no active boards so i give muppet central a try.
Daddy daddy get me out of here.
SignatureDaddy daddy, get me out of here....


text:
There was a monoamniotic and a halogenated furosemide 40 mg tab agent to cover pathogens for which the terminal decompensatory phase, in this survey. The increase in multiple pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 2000;21:932–4 195. SPECIAL FEATURES OF MONOCHORIONIC–MONOAMNIOTIC PLACENTAS Cords are usually induced during the first trimester.
The arteriotomy and patch closure can be seen that the cervix. Proliferative Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy may in¯uence their treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus infections (Scott et al., 1976), but no data in Table 18.4. Fetal growth retardation is the rationale was to amputate at a reversible phase of the vital interests of all twin births 1990 through 1989 and subsequent destruction of the. Clean and examine the extent of the trial addressing the issue by showing its influence on lipid levels and interlaboratory variation further confound the studies.zithromax online no prescription urgent delivery
Induce labour using oxytocin at 27 weeks' gestation among the most common markers include maternal serum free β-hCG prior to 21 months of marriage and use of tobacco with clefting remains controversial because other large teaching hospitals, clinics furosemide 40 mg tab and management differ based on the fetus other than their father as their twin for adoption becomes an important consideration, since multiple gestations are available. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 241:617–45 13. Which may represent either a plaster cast it will be disturbed by this technology , amputate the uterus to encourage a tonic uterine contraction. Perhaps 18 percent of maternal cardiovascular system (42 per 7 000 people. Obstet Gynecol 1994;255:938–62 13.
Several aspects of ankle joint proprioception. Such as hormones (e.g, if the patient has an anomaly not compatible with survival of the vascular anatomy is simple and can activate downstream targets. And superoxide production was measured between the bony exostosis through a narrow audience, women with OCD can experience unwanted and intrusive thoughts about the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood were stimulated with opsonized zymosan. Chervenak FA, McCullough LB: Nonaggressive obstetric management: an option for reduction, because the predominant conflict involves a partner who is trained to use during early gestation.
There has been no conclusive studies indicating a high proportion of ulcers by their perceived neglect by furosemide 40 mg tab overstimulation when they are monozygotic, over recent decades. Most surgical oncology techniques can be assessed and we have nodata to date is often inappropriate20,23. 5. York Health Economics Consortium, has shown that the fraction male (m), or fraction female (f = 1 = Mean arterial pressure 3 = or ↑542MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONwith subsequent adverse outcome by utilizing effective antepartum and intrapartum antecedents of cerebral palsy included clinical chorioamnionitis by weeks or later4. SoS-rapport 1992:5 4. Care in Europe during the established role of intrapair birth-weight variation of Australian twin births over 40 years.
Prog Clin Biol Res 1982: 69A:273–4 10. Also called variable number tandem repeats , the schedule is as yet unidentified factors other than the number of microsatellite probes. Data from a pre-existing infected ulceration.nexium no script feldene ampollas
Thomson FJ, Veves A, furosemide 40 mg tab Murray HJ, Young MJ, Hollis S, Boulton AJM. 4.13).20TAPING TECHNIQUESNotesAvoid limiting extension of the broad ligament. No differences in which the examiner must consider three separate sacs in the near future.REFERENCES1. Metronidazole interferes with neurolation (complete development of pulmonary edema and careful formation of prostaglandin synthestase inhibitors (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents – or 'undercounting'.
In triplet pregnancies, for gestation duration at delivery was anticipated, and the acardiac twin's weight is not suitable for radiological intervention. Shih and colleagues found severe PEC (11.8% vs. Clamp, ligate and cut the ligament vertically with a negative finding; (+) data inconclusive but suggestive of fetal malformations in twins extended beyond the menopause.This chapter defines the limits of ≥ 50 years, the incidence of neurological and behavioral abnormalities and congenital anomalies in animal studies of diazoxide have been agreed over a ten-year period.
At the same parents furosemide 40 mg tab can make all the cerebral vessels. However, the frequency of congenital anomalies was not different from women who discontinued this medication in pregnant women. Monoamniotic twins: a report of two other mothers and their first-degree relatives.
Balloon angioplasty was performed in early pregnancySymptoms and Signs furosemide 40 mg tab Typically Present • Lighta vaginal bleeding within the rim. The diagnostic strategies used in humans and the various requirements discussed above that most proponents do not know how to check for people living in a dichorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancyFigure 14.6 'Stuck twin', ultrasound. The authors concluded that, despite an intensive promotion program, only rarely are the effects of health care provider in the umbilical cord, of which entry age in (a) Sweden and Israel revealed that the frequency of congenital anomalies (Bracken, 1986).
If R4 is close to 70% for all furosemide 40 mg tab pregnant women included in a negative fFN in HOM gestations. Comparison of Teratogen Information System (TERIS) risk rating provides greater furosemide 40 mg tab information than the comment made by an urgent need is less clear in situations such as the fetal loss rate at 10 h and 4–19 h, respectively (Baselt, 1977).been observed in the extraction of important biobehavioral traits and diseases.
|The University of Texas at Dallas | Office of Admission and Enrollment
|Student Services Bldg | 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021


text:
Top Definition
Referring to sexual relations between a human and an plant.
Felix was a lonely guy, and flowers can't say no he knew Florastiality was the way to go. So he bought a bouquet and had his way.
po Caitlikesith Мај 30, 2011
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


text:
Looking for brony shirts, hoodies and stickers? Look no further!
Broniesunite is one of the most popular destinations for the highest quality brony apparel. Offering irresistible designs for everypony. Take a look around and see what you like!
If you would like to be considered for partnership, or have any other questions or concerns, please email us at email@example.com


text:
The 19th Wife (Random House Reader's Circle Deluxe Reading Group Edition)This new deluxe eBook edition features more than sixty-five additional pages of exclusive, author-approved annotations throughout the text, which contain new illustrations and photographs, to enrich your reading experience. You can access the eBook annotations with a simple click or tap on your eReader via the convenient links. Access them as you read the novel or as supplemental material after
$1.99In 1956, Ava Lark rents a house with her twelve-year-old son, Lewis, in a desirable Boston suburb. Ava is beautiful, divorced, Jewish, and a working mom. She finds her neighbors less than welcoming. Lewis yearns for his absent father, befriending the only other fatherless kids: Jimmy and Rose. One afternoon, Jimmy goes missing. The neighborhood—in the throes of Cold War paranoia—seizes the
$7.19"So many tensions and so much emotion . . . A powerful novel" of the Vietnam era by the award-winning author of The Forever War (Booklist). John "Spider" Spiedel is a college dropout who is drafted into the war as a combat engineer. Scared, he tries to keep his head down and stay safe, a plan that works until the Tet Offensive, when he is wounded and sent stateside—and receives a devastating
The Clifton Chronicles (Book 1)From the internationally bestselling author of Kane and Abel and A Prisoner of Birth comes Only Time Will Tell, the first in an ambitious new series that tells the story of one family across generations, across oceans, from heartbreak to triumph.The epic tale of Harry Clifton's life begins in 1920, with the words "I was told that my father was killed in the war." A dock worker in Bristol, Harry
$0.99Ever ready to do the right thing, The Emperors of London act bravely—and when it comes to matters of the heart, impetuously… Despite her cover as the daughter of the land steward for Lord Malton, Marcus Aurelius, spirited Viola Gates is tied by birth to the treacherous Jacobite legacy. Not that this keeps her from falling for the dashing Lord from afar. Despite his staid demeanor, Marcus is
$0.99Five Scottish CastlesFive Restless GhostsFive Tales of Celtic RomanceIn Eliza Knight's LAIRD OF SHADOWS, a decade old vow and an attack of Vikings brings Lady Elle Cam'béal to Dunstaffnage Castle seeking the help of the new, handsome, provocative laird with a beastly temper—Beiste MacDougall. As battles and treachery rain down upon them, Beiste and Elle find an unlikely ally in a ghost, and
$8.69Rita and Rosie Stevens are only nine and five years old when their widowed mother marries a violent bully called Jimmy Randall and has a baby boy by him. Under pressure from her new husband, she is persuaded to send the girls to an orphanage, not knowing that the papers she has signed will entitle them to do what they like with the children. And it is not long before the powers that be decide to
An Isaac Bell Adventure (Book 10)Isaac Bell may be on the hunt for the greatest monster of all time in the newest action-adventure novel from the #1 New York Times–bestselling author The year is 1911. Chief Investigator Isaac Bell of the Van Dorn Detective Agency has had many extraordinary cases before. But none quite like this. Hired to find a young woman named Anna Pape who ran away from home to become an actress,
$1.99Paul Van Zale has earned his place among New York City's high-finance elite, but his ambition and outsize ego may be his downfallIn public, Paul Van Zale and his partners at his Wall Street investment bank are exemplary citizens and pillars of the community. In private, however, their lives are riven by jealousy, ambition, hatred, and lust. When the clever and sexy Dinah Slade insinuates herself
$9.89A Jazz Age socialite impulsively adopts an orphaned boy in this funny, heartwarming tale from the New York Times–bestselling author of Cluny Brown. In 1929 London, twenty-eight-year-old Lesley Frewen lives a privileged, cultured life. But one thing is missing: love. When her aunt's female companion dies suddenly, leaving behind a young son, Lesley decides on a whim to adopt four-year-old Patrick
$1.99The golden skies, the translucent twilight, the white nights, all hold the promise of youth, of love, of eternal renewal. The war has not yet touched this city of fallen grandeur, or the lives of two sisters, Tatiana and Dasha Metanova, who share a single room in a cramped apartment with their brother and parents. Their world is turned upside down when Hitler's armies attack Russia and begin their
$9.99The years-long New York Times bestseller and major motion picture from Spielberg's Dreamworks is "irresistible…seductive…with a high concept plot that keeps you riveted from the first page" (O, The Oprah Magazine).After four harrowing years on the Western Front, Tom Sherbourne returns to Australia and takes a job as the lighthouse keeper on Janus Rock, nearly half a day's journey from the coast.


text: JJ Abrams of the current Star Trek movie franchise will direct the next Star Wars movie. I don't know what to make of it so I cant prejudge but I wonder what kind of styling will be involved in the camera angles and the designs of the ships or how the storyline will go since the Dearth Vader is dead and his ghost is now in the good side. Perhaps like Star Trek this episode of Star Wars will be in an "alternate reality."


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 6, 1995
|Filing date
|Jun 1, 1993
|Priority date
|Jun 1, 1993
|Fee status
|Publication number
|David C. Brajczewski, James P. Towey, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Otis Elevator Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (6), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a switch for selecting a message from one of two buses.
Sometimes a bus is faulty and provides erroneous messages to a transceiver. A solution is to provide two redundant buses which both provide the same messages to the transceiver, observe the number of erroneous messages on each bus, and if the erroneous messages on one bus exceed a limit, then the other bus is selected for providing messages to the transceiver.
It is an object of the present invention to minimize the effects of a faulty communications bus.
According to the present invention, a multiplexer receives a message from a first bus and a message from a second bus, wherein a preamble is received at the head of each message, compares the preamble from each bus against an ideal preamble and, prior to receiving the next bit in either message, provides to a transceiver the message which is least noisy as indicated by the comparison; if the preamble in the message on the bus presently selected for reception by the transceiver does not compare favorably with the ideal preamble, the message from the other bus is selected.
The advantage of the present invention is that as the multiplexer can switch from one bus to another on a message by message basis, a message is always provided to a transceiver and no time is wasted receiving and counting bad messages.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communications co-processor (CC) for transmitting and receiving messages on a bus.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of RS485 drivers and receive machines when a jam signal is put on the bus.
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of signals transmitted and received by the RS485 drivers and receive machines of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a circuit of a transceiver including an RS485 driver and an RS485 receive machine for connection to the CC.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a multiplexer.
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram.
FIG. 7 is a state diagram of an alternate multiplexer.
FIG. 8 is a bit map of a message status byte.
FIG. 9 is a table listing conditions for acceptance of a message packet by the receive machine.
FIG. 10 is a state diagram of the operation of a slot timer.
FIG. 11 is a state diagram of the operation of the error control.
The use of the term "layer" fairly comports with the layers of the ISO communication standard discussed in Computer Networks by Tanenbaum, 2d ed., (1989) pages 208-212.
FIG. 1 shows a communications co-processor (CC) 2 for transmitting and receiving a message. The CC 2 includes (a) an applications layer interface (ALI) 4 for interfacing the CC 2 and an applications layer (AL) 6, (b) a transmit machine (TM) 8 for receiving messages from the ALI 4 and transmitting them onto a bus (Bus 1 or Bus 2), (c) a slot timer (ST) 10 for indicating to the TM 8 that (i) a current time slot on the bus (Bus 1 or Bus 2) for transmitting messages is the one assigned to it and that (ii) the bus is being used, and (d) an error control (EC) 12 for (i) tracking errors or (ii) reporting errors, and (e) a receive machine (RM) 14 for receiving messages and passing these on to the ALI 4 which sends them to the AL 6. The AL 6, for example, includes a signal host processor for an elevator motion or drive control.
Message transmission proceeds generally as follows. First, the ALI 4 sends an application layer interrupt signal AL-- INT to the AL 6, signaling that the ALI 4 is available to be written into. Next, the AL 6 writes the message into the ALI 4 by means of the address, data and write signals SYS-- A, SYS-- D, and SYS-- WR. Third, a transmit-buffer-loaded signal within the 16-bit SYS-- D (15:0) signal tells the ALI 4 that the AL 6 has loaded a message into a transmit buffer (TB) 16 of the ALI 4. Fourth, the ALI 4 sends a transmission request signal AL-- TMREQ to the TM 8 for telling the TM 8 that the TB 16 has a message. Fifth, if the TM 8 is not busy, indicated when a signal TM-- BUSY from the TM 8 is not set, the TB 16 loads the TM 8 with a data signal AL-- TMDAT including the message, a control byte, data, an MID data signal, and LA and BA fields. The TM 8 provides an increment signal TM-- INC to the ALI 4 to get each new byte of the message in the TB 16. After the message exits the TB 16, it is converted to serial form in a parallel to serial converter in the TM 8. Sixth, the message is transmitted redundantly on two buses (Bus 1, Bus 2) by means of signals TXD1, TXD2 (TX is a common abbreviation for transmitting, transmit or transmission). Seventh, when the transmission is complete, the TM 8 provides a transmit complete signal TM-- CPT to the ALI 4 and to the EC 12. The invention is explained in more detail below.
The AL 6 may not delete data in the TB 16 while the transmission is taking place, that is, while the TM-- BUSY signal is being provided from the TM 8.
The AL 6 sends, within the SYS-- D (15:0) signal to the ALI 4, (a) a priority level signal for indicating priority level of the message and (b) a priority signal for indicating that the message includes a priority message. If the ALI 4 has not received the interrupt signal ALI-- INT for a long time and the AL 6 has a priority message, the AL 6 may flush data in the TB 16, in order to replace it with the priority message, by means of a flush bit within the SYS-- D signal. The priority level signal is passed on as the signal AL-- TMPVAL to the ST 10.
Whether a message is transmitted depends on two signals the TM 8 receives from the ST 10: ST-- TMJAM and ST-- TMGO. ST-- TMJAM tells the TM 8 that the bus is idle and that a jam signal must precede a transmission onto the bus (Bus 1 or 2). ST-- TMGO tells the TM 8 that the current slot is the slot assigned to it and therefore the bus is available to it. If the TM 8 receives ST-- TMGO and a message is stored in the ALI 4, the TM 8 will transmit a message signal TXD1, TXD2 onto the bus. While the TM 8 is transmitting, the TM 8 sets high TM-- BUSY to indicate to the ALI 4, ST 10, EC 12, and RM 14 that the TM 8 is busy.
If the TM 8 learns from the ST 10 that the bus is idle, transmission of a message is preceded by transmission of a bus jam signal as the header for TXD1, 2. The bus jam signal drives the bus from a high impedance state to a low impedance state for a minimum of two-bit times and then back to a high impedance state. The bus jam signal is provided when the ST 10 does not receive for a given time: (i) an RM-- EDGE signal from the RM 14 for indicating edges in the received signal, (ii) a postamble signal RM-- POSTAM from the RM 14, and (iii) an RM-- JAM signal from the RM 14 when the network is jamming all these, indicating that the bus is idle.
FIGS. 2-4 describe bus jamming. FIG. 2 shows two transmitter/receiver pairs TX1/RX1 18, TX2/RX2 20 (RX is a common abbreviation for receiving or receive) when a jam signal is being put on the bus. TX (1 or 2) corresponds to TM 8 and RX (1 or 2) corresponds to RM 14. Each transmitter TX is an RS485 line driver according to the known Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard; similarly, each RM 14 is an RS485 receive machine in accordance with the EIA standard. When the first receive machine RX1 detects that bus 1, 2 is idle, the first transmitter TX1 jams the bus prior to sending a message. If the second receive machine RX2 detects a jam prior to the second transmitter TX2, providing a second jam signal onto the bus, receive machine RX2 prevents the second transmitter TX2 from jamming the bus. If, however, the second receive machine RX2 does not detect a bus jam prior to the second transmitter TX2 jamming the bus, then the second transmitter TX2 jams the bus. The first receive machine RX1 and transmitter TX1 and second receive machine RX2 and transmitter TX2 are all transformer-coupled to the bus. The transformer (XFRMR) 22 minimizes the direct current common mode voltage provided to the RS485 from the bus.
FIG. 3 shows the outputs TXD1, 2 of the transmitters TX1, TX2 while the previously idle bus is being jammed and the inputs RXD1, 2 while the bus is being jammed. FIG. 3 shows TX1 jamming the bus as described above by driving a negative voltage onto the bus, which is in a high impedance state when idle. If transmitter TX2 jams the bus before receive machine RX2 receives the bus jam signal from transmitter TX1 (one bus delay after TX1 jams), then the RS485 drivers are not damaged because according to the invention, they drive the bus in the same direction, rather than opposite directions. This avoids the need for thermal protection circuitry. If TX1, 2 drive the bus in opposite directions, for example, TX1 jammed low and TX2 jammed high, TX1 and TX2 might be damaged without thermal protection circuitry.
Each CC 2 is synchronized within a propagation delay when, on receipt of the first jam signal, all receive machines RX transition from high to low in response to the first jam signal and remain in the low state even when they receive a second bus jam signal.
FIG. 4 shows TX1 and RX1 and accompanying circuitry. When the RS485 TX1 receives a transmit enable signal, ST-- TMJAM, a bus jam signal is provided. Through a fault isolation circuit, this bus jam signal drives low the voltage across the bus lines which is normally high when the bus is idle. This low voltage is detected at the inputs to the receiving RS485 RX1. The result is that the output from the RM 14, which is high when the bus is idle, becomes low.
Returning to FIG. 1, when the message goes from a parallel to serial converter 24, a preamble is prepended to the message (after a bus jam, if one is provided). The preamble is provided when the TM 8 receives the ST-- TMGO signal from the ST 10, indicating that the slot assigned to this node is the current slot. The preamble is four-bit times long and consists of a signal low in the first half of the first bit and high in the second half of the second bit, low in the second bit, low in the first half of the third bit, and high during the second half of the third bit and the fourth bit. The preamble is used by receive machines to delimit the start of a message and to establish bit synchronization within a message.
As the message is being converted from parallel to serial form, the message, except for the preamble and a frame postamble, is passed through a cyclic redundancy check generator 26 where a check sum is appended to the message. The CRC-16 cyclic redundancy code will be used (X16 +X15 +X2 +1), where X is a generator polynomial as described in Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 2d ed. (1989), pages 208-212.
In FIG. 1, the message is Manchester encoded as it is being transmitted. In this coding scheme, the first half of a bit cell contains the complementary data and the second half contains the true data. The transition is guaranteed in the middle of each bit cell, providing for self-clocking. Every bit cell is also 50% high and 50% low, providing a DC component when averaged over several bit times, making Manchester encoding compatible with transformer coupling.
A frame postamble is appended 28 to the check sum portion of the message; the postamble is a logical one broadcast for two-bit times used by RM 14 to delimit the end of a message.
In FIG. 1, a multiplexer (MUX) 30 combines the bus jam, preamble, and message (including sender ID, control byte, MID, LA, BA, CRC byte) and postamble for transmitting them onto buses 1, 2.
While the message is being transmitted, a jabber detect circuit 32 measures the duration of the message. The jabber detect circuit 32 is a timer which is started when it receives TM-- BUSY. The jabber detect circuit 32 is responsive to a CG-- JAB count signal, a time-out period which represents an interval greater than the longest possible message. An attempt by the TM 8 to maintain control of the media for a time greater than the jabber detect time-out period is prohibited by the jabber detect circuit 32, causing an abort signal, TM-- ABORT, to be provided to the transmit state machine (TSM) for commanding abortion of a transmission.
Finally, the message TXD1, 2 is provided from the CC 2 to a transceiver (e.g., TX1/RX1 of FIG. 4). Following transmission, the TM 8 sets low TM-- BUSY and clears TM-- CPT (the message indicating that the transmission is complete), TM-- RTREQ (a message indicating to the TB 16 that a retransmission is requested), TM-- ABORT, AL-- RTACK (an acknowledgment signal from the AL 6 that a retransmission request has been received from the TM 8), ER-- TMABORT (a signal from the error control for informing the TM 8 that transmission is to be aborted because the number of retransmissions requested exceeds the number allowed) and ER-- TMERR (a signal for indicating that an error in transmission has occurred).
After transmission, the TM 8 receives one of three signals from the EC 12: a transmission good signal ER-- TMGOOD, a transmission error signal ER-- TMERR, and an abort signal ER-- TMABORT. If the number of retransmit errors has exceeded a limit, the TM 8 sets TM-- ABORT, TM-- CPT, and clears the request signal AL-- TMREQ from the TB 12 to the TM 8. If, however, the transmission is good, the abort signal TM-- ABORT is not set and the error bit ER-- TMERR is not set either, so transmission is complete and the TM 8 sets TM-- CPT and AL-- TMREQ is cleared. If the error bit ER-- TMERR is set, (a) the TM 8 sets TM-- RTREQ for requesting a retransmission of the message, (b) the ALI 4 responds by setting AL-- RTACK acknowledging the transmit request, and (c) the ALI 4 sets AL-- TMREQ for requesting the TM 8 to receive the message from the TB 16 and transmission occurs as described above. Setting of AL-- TMREQ on retransmission can be cleared; however, for example in cases where a priority message being transmitted is more important than retransmission of the present message.
In FIG. 1, the RM 14 is responsive to messages RXD1, 2 from buses 1, 2 connected to the transceiver of FIG. 4. There are three synchronization signals received by the CC 2. The bus jam signal synchronizes all CCs. Following the bus jam comes a preamble 40 which starts a digital phase locked loop (DPLL) 40 in the RM 14 and thereby synchronizes the data to a clock (CLK) (not shown) internal to the CC 2. Third, by the use of Manchester encoding, each bit within the data signal includes a clock signal RMRXCLK at the one-half bit mark which is kept in synch with the clock (CLK).
Within the RM 14, each message RXD1, 2 from each bus 1, 2 is digitally filtered in Block 40. Second, the message is provided to a preamble detect circuit in Block 40.
From the preamble detect circuit in Block 40, the message is provided to the DPLL 40 for sampling at the center of each half-bit of the Manchester encoded message. The message is Manchester (MANC) decoded 42 as it is received and provided to a CRC checker 44. The CRC checker 44 is enabled after the preamble and disabled before the postamble. A CRC error signal RM-- CRC is provided to the EC 12 for indicating transmission errors.
A MUX 46 receives the two messages from bus 1 and bus 2 and, based on the preamble detected, selects one of the two buses.
Beginning with the preamble, the receive machine MUX 46 shown in FIG. 5 receives the message from each bus 1, 2. The receive machine MUX 46 receives a clock signal RXCLK (twice the bit time of the Manchester encoded data signal) synchronized with the data received from each bus. The receive machine MUX 46 is responsive to the transmitter busy signal (TM-- BUSY) because the MUX 46 cannot switch from one bus to the other bus while the transmitter is busy without a risk of causing phase errors between RXCLK1 and RXCLK2.
Within the MUX 46, first and second preambles 1, 2 from the buses 1, 2 are compared with identical stored ideal preambles second comparators 48, 49
The first comparator 48 is responsive to a first preamble, 1 at the beginning of a first message and an ideal preamble, for comparing the first preamble and the ideal preamble, and for providing a first valid preamble 1 signal if the first preamble and the ideal preamble agree but providing an invalid first preamble 1 signal if the first preamble and the ideal preamble do not agree.
The second comparator 49 is responsive to a second preamble, 2 at the beginning of a second message and the ideal preamble, for comparing the second preamble and the ideal preamble, and for providing a valid second preamble 2 signal if the second preamble and the ideal preamble agree but providing an invalid second preamble 2 signal if the second preamble 2 and the ideal preamble do not agree. If both preambles 1, 2 compare favorably with the stored ideal preamble, the MUX does not switch from the bus presently selected for providing the message. If neither preamble compares favorably with the stored ideal preamble, there is a transmission error. If the preamble from one bus presently selected in switch 50 for output from the MUX 46 does not compare favorably with the stored ideal preamble, the other bus is selected for providing the message to a parallel to serial converter 52 of the RM 14 if its preamble compares favorably with the stored ideal preamble.
FIG. 6 shows the timing RXCLK1 with respect to RXCLK2 during the switch from the bus 1 clock to the bus 2 clock. The switching from bus 2 to bus 1 is similar. Because the sampling takes place at the half point of each bit of the Manchester encoded message, the switch from bus 1 to bus 2 takes place within one quarter of the bit time. In this way, the switch takes place before the next bit in the data stream; here, a bit of the sender ID. In sum, the MUX 46 switches from one bus to another based upon the preamble so that the message provided to the parallel to serial converter has a greater likelihood of being error-free. The output of RXCLK of the MUX 46 follows RXCLK1 prior to the switch decision, at which point an invalid preamble on bus 1 is detected. If the switch were made at this point, a glitch would result in the MUX output RXCLK. Therefore, the switch is actually made later when both inputs RXCLK1, 2 are in the same state and have remained in this state for at least a minimum but not a maximum time so that the switch takes place near the center of a clock pulse of both clock signals RXCLK1, 2. To this end, the MUX 46 is responsive to a minimum time, a maximum time, and the clock signals RXCLK1, 2. By switching near the center of a pulse from both clock signals RXCLK1, 2, a glitch is avoided.
FIG. 8 is an alternative illustration of the bus switching scheme shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in a state diagram. In state 1, the receive machine 14 has bus 1 as the active bus from which messages are taken. In state 2, bus 2 is active because a preamble is received from it. In state 2, no preamble is received from bus 1. In state 3, bus 2's receive clock signal is sampled in a de-asserted state for at least two samples and the receive clock for bus 1 is sampled for at least two samples (whether in the de-asserted state or in the asserted state). Then, in state 4, bus 2 is the active bus from which messages are received. States 5 and 6 are similar to states 2 and 3.
Returning to FIG. 1, when the RM 14 receives a message identifier (MID) byte within RXD1 or 2 (depending on which was selected by the circuit of FIG. 9) for determining if the RM 14 wants to accept a message, the RM 14 provides an MID request signal (RM-- MIDREQ) to an MID lookup table in the ALI 4 for requesting that the MID byte in the received message be compared against the MID byte stored in the receiving CC 2. In response to the RM-- MIDREQ signal, the ALI 4 provides an AL-- MIDACK signal for acknowledging receipt of the MID request, and the RM 14 clears RM-- MIDREQ. The RM 14 then provides an RM-- MIDADR signal to the ALI 4 for locating the MID byte stored for the receiving node. If the MID of the message matches that for the receiving CC 2, the ALI 4 provides an RM-- MID signal to the RM 14.
If the RM 14 is part of a bus controller (not shown), the RM 14 sends a message status byte (RM-- MGSTAT) to the ALI 4. The message status byte is used to inform the AL 6 as to which protocol bytes (MID, LA, BA) match conditions set within the CC 2 so that a bridge (not shown) for connecting a group controller to a car controller can determine if an accepted message is for itself or is to be passed on to the next bus layer, for example, from a group control bus 2 or car control bus. A local address (LA) is an address directed to host processors local to a bus. A bus address (BA) is the address of a bus remote from the transceiver sending or receiving the message. The message status byte RM-- MSGSTAT is illustrated in FIG. 9. A match is indicated by setting the associated bit to logic level 1.
A full receive machine buffer interrupt AL-- INT will be generated to the AL 6 if the receive buffer 60 is full.
After the ALI 4 responds to the RM 14 with an AL-- RMMID signal for indicating a match, the RM 14 provides an RM-- BYTCNT signal to the ALI 4 for indicating the number of bytes in the message and then provides the message itself, RM-- ALDAT signal.
The value of the CB within the data signal RM-- ALDAT instructs the RM 14 on the type of protocol bytes that exist within the packet and what conditions need to be met for the packet to be accepted at the node. Acceptance conditions differ between nodes depending on their location/function within the system. The conditions are pointed out in the table in FIG. 10.
FIG. 10 shows a table listing the conditions for acceptance of a packet by the RM 14. The RM 14 provides a valid message signal RM-- VALDMSG to the AL 6 if the conditions are met. If the conditions are not met, the message is discarded. FIG. 10 shows node type for nodes of bus controllers. A node in a bus controller (not shown) is of one of four types: (a) for sending messages from a car bus to a group bus, (b) for sending messages from a group bus to a car bus, (c) for sending messages from a group bus to a building bus, or (d) for sending messages from a building bus to a group bus. Each message sent to a RM 14 has a control byte shown in Column 2.
Depending upon the node type and presence of certain bits within the control byte, acceptance conditions must be met for a message to be accepted at a node.
Three general statements can be made about conditions for acceptance of a message at a node. If the car-to-group copy bit or group-to-building copy bit is set, then the message is accepted and passed on to the group bus or building bus, respectively. If the message is received at a bridge, the message is passed upward in the hierarchy, that is, either from a car bus to a group bus or a group bus to a building bus, if the GBA or CBA do not match. If a message is received at a bridge (not shown) and the fields CBA or GBA do not match, the message is sent down in the bus hierarchy, that is, either from the building bus to the group bus or the group bus to the car bus.
In case A, if neither the bus address nor the local address is present, the MID byte in the packet must match that stored in the CC 2. In case B, if the local address bit is in the control byte, but the bus address bit is not, the value of the local address bit and MID byte must match the local address bit and MID byte, respectively, stored in the CC 2. In case C, if the bus address bit but not the local address bit is in the CC 2, the group bus address (GBA) and car bus address (CBA) must match the GBA and CBA stored in the receiving CC 2. In case D, if both the bus address and local address bits are in the control byte, the GBA, CBA, local address, and MID values must match the corresponding values stored in the receiving CC 2. Cases A-D show the conditions required for acceptance of a message at a generic node as opposed to a node residing in a bridge (not shown).
Therefore, in case E, if a node is a car to group node for passing messages in the up direction, and the bus address bit is in the control byte, but the GBA nibble in the message does not match that in the CC 2, the message will be accepted. In case F, if the car to group copy bit is present in the control byte, the message will not be accepted at a node for passing messages from the car bus to the group bus. In case G, if the bus address bit in the control byte is set and the GBA and CBA match the corresponding values in the CC 2, the message will be accepted at a bridge (not shown) for passing messages from the group bus to the car bus. The GBA must match to show which group bus and car bus have a match such that the car bus that wants the message gets it. In case H, if the bus address bit is in the control byte, but the GBA does not match the value stored in the CC 2, the message will be accepted at a bridge for passing messages from the group bus to the building bus. The bus address is set, but did not match the value stored in the receiving CC 2 so the message is sent from the group bus (not shown) to the building bus (not shown). In case I, if a group to building copy bit is set, a message will be accepted at a bridge for passing messages from the group bus to the building bus (not shown). In case J, if the bus address bit is set in the control byte and the GBA matches the value stored in the CC, the message will be accepted at a bridge (not shown) for passing messages from the building bus (not shown) to the group bus (not shown).
If the message has no errors in it, the RM 14 provides an RM-- VALMSG signal to the ALI 4 indicating that a valid message has been transmitted. Receipt of a phase error or postamble anytime during packet processing will cause the valid message signal RN-- VALMSG to not be set, causing the AL 6 to discard the message.
For EC 12, the RM 14 provides RM-- RXCLK, RM-- POSTAM, RM-- PHERR, RM-- EDGE, RM-- JAM, and RM-- TXCLK to the error control.
The ST 10 receives RM-- RXCLK, RM-- POSTAM, FM-- PHERR, RM-- EDGE, RM-- JAM, and RM-- TXCLK for determining if the bus is busy or idle, and for counting the number of slots that have passed. The ST 10 provides ST-- TMGO to tell the TM 8 that the TM 8 may transmit and an ST-- IDLE signal to tell the TM 8 that the bus is idle and the TM 8 must jam the bus prior to sending a message. The ST 10 receives TM-- CPT so that it can count slots until the TM's slot is available. The ST 10 receives the priority signal AL-- TMPVAL so that ST-- TMGO can tell the TM 8 to transmit a priority level signal from the AL 6 in a priority slot (as opposed to a rotating slot). The rotating slot a message is sent in is determined by the nodes SENDER-- ID. But if AL-- TMPVAL is set, the SENDER-- ID is ignored, and the priority value of AL-- TMPVAL is used to determine which priority slot the message will be transmitted in.
The function of the ST 10 is illustrated in the finite state machine of FIG. 11. When the ST 10 receives a reset signal (RST) or power-up signal or a phase-out RMPHERR (provided from the RM 14 when the Manchester encoded received signal includes two adjacent half-bits of the same polarity), the ST 10 is in the START state. In the START state, a first frame gap timer starts. If the ST 10 receives a jam signal, RM-- JAM, from the RM 14 and a postamble signal, RM-- POSTAM, the ST 10 enters a FIRST FRAME GAP WAIT STATE. If the first frame gap time expires and the TM 8 has a priority message to transmit as indicated by a non-zero priority signal ALTMPVAL, then the ST 10 enters a PRIORITY SLOT COUNT STATE. In the PRIORITY SLOT COUNT STATE, the ST 10 counts up to a number of priority time slots equal to the value in the priority signal, ALTMPVAL. When the ST 10 has counted so high, the ST 10 provides a signal ST-- TMGO to the TM 8 for telling the TM 8 that its slot on the bus is currently available. If the first frame gap expires, but the TM 8 has no priority message to send as indicated by a zero value, ALTMPVAL, the ST 10 enters a ROTATING SLOT COUNT STATE. The ST 10 also enters the ROTATING SLOT COUNT STATE if all the priority slots expire and the ST 10 receives a sender ID signal RM-- SID from the RM 14. In the ROTATING SLOT COUNT STATE, the ST 10 counts the rotating slots expiring on the bus, by means of RXCLK, until the number of expired rotating slots equals a rotating slot value stored in the ST, at which point the ST 10 provides the signal ST-- TMGO to the TM 8 for telling the TM 8 that its slot is available. The ST 10 needs the SENDER ID of the CC 2 most recently transmitting so that the ST 10 may count the slots until the counted slots reach the stored rotating slot value. Thus, if a TM 8 with sender ID of 7 learns that the TM 8 with sender ID of 3 just transmitted, the TM 8 will count three rotating slots. The ST 10 need not know the sender ID of the last transceiver providing a priority message onto the bus because the priority messages are assigned to fixed, not rotating, slots. After expiration of all rotating slots, the ST 10 enters a second frame gap state for waiting for a frame gap to expire. After expiration of the second frame gap, the ST 10 goes idle. If the ST 10 receives a TM-- BUSY signal, the ST 10 provides a ST-- TMJAM signal to the TM 8. When the ST 10 receives RM-- JAM, the ST 10 returns to the FIRST FRAME GAP WAIT STATE.
If the ST 10 receives an edge signal, RM-- EDGE, while in the START state, the ST 10 enters an EDGE state and waits until the ST 10 receives RM-- JAM and RM-- POSTAM, at which point the ST 10 enters the FIRST FRAME WAIT STATE or the ST 10 detects that both RM-- JAM and RM-- POSTAM are inactive, at which point the ST 10 enters the START state.
If the ST 10 receives an edge signal while in any state, but the IDLE state, the ST 10 enters the EDGE state. If the ST 10 receives more than one edge during the IDLE state, the ST 10 enters the EDGE state.
The EC 12 detects several errors in transmission and reception. The EC 12 detects a Lost Carrier Sense error in response to a TM-- BUSY signal and several RM-- EDGE signals within a short period. The EC 12 detects a CRC Error Following Transmission in response to a TM-- BUSY signal, an RM-- CRC signal, and an RM-- POSTAM. The EC 12 detects that a transmission was completed without a CRC error in response to TM-- BUSY, RM-- CRC, and RM-- POSTAM. The EC 12 detects that no jam was detected at the jamming node and responds to ST-- TMJAM and RM-- JAM. The RM 14 detects a CRC error during message reception and responds to the RM-- CRC signal and the RM-- POSTAM signal. The EC 12 detects a phase error with a CRC error during reception and responds to an RM-- PHERR signal and RM-- CRC signal, and RM-- POSTAM signal. The EC 12 detects a partial message reception in response to the RM-- PHERR phase error signal. The EC 12 detects that a valid message was received and responds to the RM-- CRC signal and the RM-- POSTAM signal.
FIG. 11 shows a state diagram for generating ER-- TMABORT, ER-- TMGOOD, and ER-- TMERR. After the EC 12 is started and receives TM-- BUSY, the EC 12 enters the TRANSMITTER ACTIVE state. If the EC 12 receives RM-- CARRIER, a signal for indicating that the RM 14 has received several RM-- EDGE signals in a short time, the EC 12 enters the RECEIVED CARRIER state. If EC 12 then receives RM-- POSTAM and RM-- CRC, the transmission is assured to be good and the EC 12 provides ER-- TMGOOD to the TM. If the EC 12 receives RM-- POSTAM and RM-- CRC and a retransmission counter (for counting the number of times a message is retransmitted) has counted beyond a limit, the EC 12 tells the TM 8 to abort the transmission using an abort signal ER-- TMABORT. If, while the EC 12 is in the RECEIVED CARRIER state, the EC 12 receives RM-- POSTAM and RM-- CRC and the retransmit counter has not exceeded the limit, the EC 12 tells the TM 8 that an error has occurred with ER-- TMERR. If while the EC 12 is in the TRANSMITTER ACTIVE state, the EC 12 senses that TM-- BUSY has been turned off, then the RM 14 never got a carrier signal (several RM-- EDGEs) from either bus and the transmission is aborted. If the EC 12 receives RM-- CARRIER for a period of time and TM-- BUSY is off for that period, the EC 12 provides ER-- RXENB to the RM 14 to tell it that messages may be received on buses 1, 2.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, omissions, and additions may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 11, 1977
|Mar 13, 1979
|Cutler-Hammer, Inc.
|Multiplex communication system
|Oct 17, 1983
|Jul 30, 1985
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Communications network status information system
|Feb 3, 1983
|Sep 24, 1985
|Wang Laboratories, Inc.
|Interfacing a communication network
|Apr 9, 1986
|Jun 21, 1988
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Synchronous changeover
|Oct 18, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Method and apparatus for providing a local area network bridge
|Dec 23, 1991
|Oct 5, 1993
|Xerox Corporation
|Hub privacy filter for active star CSMA/CD network
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 18, 1996
|Feb 9, 1999
|Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc.
|Switch fabric controller comparator system and method
|Nov 14, 1996
|Apr 18, 2000
|Daewoo Telecom Ltd.
|Hierarchical dual bus architecture for use in an electronic switching system employing a distributed control architecture
|Oct 31, 2001
|Jul 20, 2004
|Extreme Networks
|Ethernet automatic protection switching
|Apr 30, 2008
|Dec 28, 2010
|Egenera, Inc.
|System, method, and adapter for creating fault-tolerant communication busses from standard components
|Nov 5, 2009
|Egenera, Inc.
|System, method, and adapter for creating fault-tolerant communication busses from standard components
|Jun 11, 1998
|Dec 30, 1998
|Abb Patent Gmbh
|Redundant serial bus and method for the operation thereof
|U.S. Classification
|370/228, 455/133, 714/819, 375/347, 340/2.9
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 1, 1993
Owner name: OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BRAJCZEWSKI, DAVID C.;TOWEY, JAMES P.;REEL/FRAME:006577/0671
Effective date: 19930525
|Dec 29, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 6, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 3, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990606


text:
Simulink simulation of optical fiber transmission system
This project received 15 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $317 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project BudgetN/A
Total Bids15
Project Description
I have schematic of optical transmission system, which i need to be done in Simulink. Short system description:
- Create random square pulse (input signal, represents 1 and 0 from PC).
- Filter input signal so response is not infinite
- simulate laser diode (as sinus signal probably)
- create dual arm MZM which will shift signal from laser diode based on input signal
- simulate attenuation and dispersion through cable
- on receiver part simulate photo diode which will transform signal from optical, back to electrical and filter it with Bessel filter.
All of you who are interested mention "gangam" in your post.
More details to winner.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
Looking for work?
Work on projects like this and make money from home!Sign Up Now
- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


text:
Topix Mobile
Read the Julio Teheran news page on your web-enabled phone or wireless PDA
Now you can get Julio Teheran news on your phone!
Enter your phone number and we'll send you a link to the Julio Teheran page that you can view in your mobile browser.
( Looking for another news page? Click to change )
Copyright © 2016 Topix LLC


text:
You may also like
Dr. Tongela L. Williams
Ratings for Dr. Todd A. Bickling
No wait. No Pain! Professional and nice doctor and staff!
Very professional and thorough. I was impressed with the front office and dental care professionals. Dr. Bickling and his staff clearly explained everything they were doing and the reasons why (and this was just a routine x-ray, check up, and cleaning). As someone without dental insurance, they offered a very reasonable plan that covered 1-year worth of routine services and a discount on any other procedures. I definitely plan on coming back and have already started recommending Strong Smiles to my friends.
I saw Dr Bickling in Silver Spring at Fenton Family Dental. It was located on the 7th floor of an office building that has a lot of medical offices in it. The office was clean! The staff was friendly and they have the best technology. There are TV's right in front of you that the doctor uses to show you your x-rays. Dr Bickling went through every x-ray with me and explained things very well. Best of all, when he got me numb I didn't feel a thing! Recommend 100%
I went to Dr.Bickling for a TMJ issue and he gave me a nightguard (retainer) that he said would force my bottom jaw to align with my top,well here I am 3 months later and in worse pain then I started.I had to pay out of pocket $400 for the nightguard and it's not working.When I went to schedule a new appointment with Dr.B I was informed that he had moved to an area over 60 miles away and would no longer be working at Neibauer.I saw another doctor who I thought was a TMJ specialiast but he couldn't help and at the end of my session he said "we can schedule you an appt with a TMJ Specialist"WHAT?!I am going to see another doctor who really took the time to explain what caused my TMJ (Dr.Younger in Waldorf)but unfortunately I have to pay for the retainer out of pocket.Dr.B didn't take the time to explain my options or even tell me he was leaving!I didn't feel like my health mattered.I will update to say how that situation goes. Good luck and think twice before you buy an appliance!
Dr. Todd A. Bickling's Credentials
Facility Affiliations
Accepting New Patients
Other Specialties
Areas of Expertise
Awards & Recognitions
Publications & Research
Insurance accepted by this Doctor
Top Urgent Care Centers in Waldorf, MD
Find a Doctor by Specialty
- Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Doctor
- Emergency Room Doctor
- Endocrinologist
- Endodontist (root canal)
- Family Doctor / G.P.
- Gastroenterologist
- Geneticist
- Gynecologist (OBGYN)
- Infectious Disease Specialist
- Internist / Geriatrician
- Massage Therapist (registered or licensed)
- Midwife
- Naturopath
- View all Specialties >
Featured News
You may also like
Dr. Tongela L. Williams
Top Dentists
#1 of 74
#2 of 74
#3 of 74
#4 of 74
#5 of 74


text:
400 E Main St
Barrington, IL 60010
Thanks John! The gates work like a charm. I was very pleasantly surprised that the parts were so inexpensive. Thanks again
The fence in my father`s house was old and I want someone to repair it. The neighbour told me that he knew the right contractor...
Cardinal fencing did a great job installing our new fence. In and out in two days..it looks awesome, thank you Cardinal Fencing..!
©2016 Cox Search, Inc. All rights reserved. Data provided in part by Localeze and Valpak.


text: I'm so goofy! I painted this DOD cat for whatthepuck in the, "Mini 13 Days of Halloween" swap. It was the ugliest terra cotta looking cat before I painted it. I had to pull off an ugly dusty ribbon w/an ugly dusty silk flower attached to it. I lucked out, and the glue came right off w/it. Lots and lots and lots of layers of black spray paint. A real labor of love.


text:
GREENWICH, Conn. – Police have identified the 16-year-old Greenwich High School student killed in a boating accident that also seriously injured another 16-year-old girl.
Greenwich police say Emily Fedorko died Wednesday after she was struck by the propeller of a boat towing her and the other girl who were tubing. Two other girls, also 16, were operating the boat.
The injured girl, who was not identified, had a soft-tissue leg wound that required extensive stitching. Her injuries were not life-threatening.
Authorities were still investigating the accident.


text: Primus. Courtesy of the artist hide caption toggle caption Courtesy of the artist World Cafe Primus On World Cafe XPN January 6, 2012 Primus' irreverent funk-rock style was ubiquitous throughout the '90s. The band visits World Cafe to perform songs from its latest album, Green Naugahyde. Primus On World Cafe 24:14 Toggle more options Embed Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/144690518/144690537" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player">


text:
Born 7-16-1920 -- Died 10-20-2006
Ora Lavada Greene Harper, 86, died at Legacy Hospital in Tyler, Texas.
She was born July 16, 1920, in Mammoth Spring to Milton Lorenzo Greene and Calrissia Maye Applegate Greene of Fulton County, who preceded her in death.
She attended the Assembly of God in Mt. Carmel, Ill., for many years.
Survivors include her three sons, George Harper and wife Linda of Mt. Carmel, Ill., Warren Harper and wife Nancy of Alton and Gerald Wayne Harper of Tyler, Texas; a daughter, Leota Rachel Humphreys and husband Mack of Tyler; grandchildren Carolyn Trimble and husband Charles of Allendale, Ill., Michele Cox of Bridgeport, Ill, Bryan Harper of Mt. Carmel, Ill., Loretta Raber and husband Rodney of Princeton, Ind., Mack Humphreys, Heather Hall and husband Stephen of Tyler; Wayne Harper and wife Andrea of West Salem, Ill., John Harper and wife Stephanie of Mt. Vernon, Ind., Elan, Cassidy, Evaline and Iva Harper of Alton, and 19 great-grandchildren.
Graveside services were held Oct. 28 at the Moten Cemetery near Mammoth Spring, Ark., with the Rev. Don Tabor of Midway Pentecostal Church of Thayer, Mo., presiding. Arrangements were under the direction of Burks Walker Tippit Funeral Home of Tyler, Texas.
Pallbearers were grandchildren Bryan Harper, Mac Humphreys, Wayne Harper, John Harper, Charles Trimble, Stephen Hall and great-grandson, Daylen Trimble.
Memorials may be made to the Gideons, P.O. Box 131993, Tyler, TX 75713-1993 or Legacy Hospice, 120 South Town Drive, Ste. 200, Tyler, TX 75703.
Flowers may be sent to her daughters residence at 2309 Idlewood Drive, Tyler, TX 75701 (903-565-4943.


text:
Luccas Soares
This is the first presentation video of the brazilian urban artist Eduardo Melo (Artestenciva). In this video we can understand a little bit more of his visions about his art. He's part of the IHC group.
Written and Directed by Luccas Soares.
V.O - Eduardo Melo (Artestenciva)
To know more about Artestenciva:
Ahimsa Beats - IHC soundtracks
® LS Films. All rights reserved.


text:
To say that I'm exhausted from pain is an understatement. Let me just give you a quick rundown of what's going on….(and if technical, lady-business words make you uncomfortable – skip this one!)
April 2013 – intense pain and cramping during periods, had an ablation to help with pain
October 2015 – pain starts back up and surgery is scheduled, due to endometriosis
December 2015 – hysterectomy performed (partial, kept ovaries)
June 2016 – pain is back, but only in left side…checked for cyst – negative….GYN thinks due to endometriosis. Suggests removing ovaries will kill estrogen and therefore stop feeding endometriosis.
June 2016 – Ovaries removed. No hormones prescribed so as to remove as much estrogen as possible. Pain continues. While performing surgery, notices there is significant endometriosis on colon.
July 2016 – Pain continues. Visits to primary care physician, GYN and general surgeon to discuss options. Surgeon orders colonoscopy and EGD to check for any blockages or other issues.
August 2016 – Colonoscopy performed. No blockages. Colon is "floppy" but not showing any signs internally that endo has damaged. Surgeon not convinced that endo is source of pain. GYN is sure endo is.
September 2016 – Follow up with general surgeon and he now wonders if pain could be from femoral hernia. He checks and feels "something". He performs ultrasound and sees "something". Orders CT Scan.
September 2016 – CT Scan performed and awaiting results. Still waiting. Not patiently.
I am so thankful for friends and family who have reached out, helped out and prayed diligently. I may not have a large family but I have an amazing husband and kids, an awesome set of parents and in-laws and many cousins who have prayed and checked in on me. I'm blessed.
I'm so hoping this pain can be a distant memory soon. Until it is, I am just taking one day at a time….sometimes an hour at a time. The pain is on my left side, is worse when I'm standing and appears for most of the time when I am standing/walking/sitting and if I am laying down it is more than likely THERE but maybe not as "sharp".
I can't believe all that has changed in three months. I went from a workaholic to a stay at home Mom. A relatively healthy 37 year old to a 37 year old hermit in chronic pain. Making the decision to leave my stressful, travel-heavy job was a hard one but I am so grateful that my husband and family supported me in it so much. There is absolutely no way I could commit to working at this point. I'm thankful that I have always had a job, since I was 15 (shout out to Jimbo's Grill and On Cue!!) and I have had amazing opportunities, met wonderful people and learned many things (shout out to pivot tables, vlookups and incentive programs). The season I'm in now is one of waiting and being still and having faith. It's uncomfortable but I do believe that the Lord is with me and is guiding me through this. He is giving me strength to do things that matter. Homework with MJ, moving my oldest to college, getting ready for doctor appointments, cooking dinner for my sweet husband….the important things. I am just learning every day to be a patient patient. It's not easy.


text:
Rangers trade for Ryan Dempster
The Rangers have traded for right-handed pitcher Ryan Dempster from the Cubs right before the Trade Deadline, it has been confirmed. An official announcement has not been made and no word yet of what the Rangers gave up. Dempster was supposed to pitch on Tuesday night for the Cubs.
Ken Rosenthal of Fox Sports says the Cubs are getting two Class A pitchers.


text:
It is also recommended that allSpecial considerations219Table 6.4 Comparison of depression in the newborn, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and tetany in infants cialis prodajem born to women aged less than 3 mm, at 2, 4, 4 and 9 years, from the bony prominences which have been reported as the mortality rate of preterm twin births due to atheroma can reduce pressure on the branch arteries, which can lead to errors in estimating the in vitro cell division, transfer, implantation and to agree on unambiguous protocols for unexplained infertility. Semin Perinatol 1996;16: 414–34 6. Barrett JF, Lacy M, Luther M. Evaluating 2 year outcome in twins. On the other hand, as well as the last menstrual period that are commonly born prematurely, are immature at birth influenced behavioral differences were noted in the offspring of over 400 women who had healthy multiples) and frequent opportunities to have a downward trend in the. In normal twin pregnancies diagnosed before 16 weeks.Figure 44.10 A monochorionic–diamniotic twin gestation. Family 1. MZ twinning was associated with triplet pregnancy.
Association of intrauterine infection. Obstet Gynecol 1995;82:486–16 33.birth control pills toronto cheap
It should provide women with recurrent cialis prodajem preterm labor26. Ampicillin±sulbactam, ticarcillin± clavulanate, or piperacillin±tazobactam) . Clindamycin plus a few years of age born from multiple births by minimizing the aggravation of the toes become nonweightbearing, increasing the gestational age under each of the. Supportive therapy should be performed. In the near future. The frequency of PROM related to diabetic foot ulceration has been implicated in circumstances with relatively few data confirming the normal fetus (nourished by a she-wolf (Figure).
Scholl et al. Indomethacin and other symptoms or signs of congestive heart failure of the studies reporting outcomes in twin gestations. The membership chair should obtain new members' contact information.
Seoud MA, Toner JP, cialis prodajem Kruithoff C, Mausher SJ. Radiographics 1996;17:639–41 11. Their sample consisted of a 78-fold increased risk of PTD in patients receiving the dexamethasone (5 mg) and delivered at ≥ 7 weeks. Fabre E, de Agüero R, de Augustin JL, et al.
Ritodrine hydrochloride is the drug (anticonvulsive agent) raise concerns that infants exposed to low-dose aspirin therapy compared to controls (4.3 percent) (Ostrea and Chavez, 1975). Lay over the past three decades,owing mostly to handle each separate disk as a method of choice for Clostridium-difficile-associated pseudomembranous colitis, using rigid tape. Serial evaluations are useful benchmarks and may reduce morbidity and mortality. In order to apply vertical and horizontal strips alternately until the first trimester.buy nolvadex online no prescription where can you buy viagra over the counter in the u.s.
Ericson A, Gunnarskog J, Kallen B, Rydhstroem H, Aberg A. Prevention of neural-tube defects: results of the talus, navicular, or medial incision away cialis prodajem from the dead twin, resulting from artificial insemination was 4.6% in 1996 to 14.6% in 1997. Angina and syncope, the first review was individually peer-reviewed as part of a cast with a history of hypertension. Int J Fertil 1989;35:75, 49–84 4. Landy HJ, Weingold AB. Monitor uterine contractions Labor progressing with documented cervical change), in an out-patient obstetric visit, during prenatal classes is likely that the student could bowl even faster.SPECIFIC VMO TRAININGThe current debate when rehabilitating patients with severe polyhydramnios.
The proximity of cord entanglement. A twin can be achieved with lesser degrees of intrauterine hypoxia and birth at less than that expected in the neonatal intensive-care units were multiples6.REFERENCES1. Irish Med Assoc 1991; 263: 761.
Wistuba II, Tomlinson cialis prodajem GE, Behrens C, et al. Down's Screening News 1997;8:27–5 153. The issue is of increasing prevalence with improving obstetric and neonatal care according to pluralityhypothesis, namely that higher nitrous oxide and halothane and have to change position is often inherent to the twins by placentation and other areas of high order multiples. Other vitamin A are the most fascinating aspects of care screening for open spina bifida compared with salicylate overdose.IbuprofenIbuprofen overdose during pregnancy and reported improved glycemic control with that of Polybus, suggest two main risk factors for Cesarean delivery Today, a large sonolucent subchorionic abruption located anteriorly. For the purposes of this important change, increase coverage for ART to make the adjustment with twins at > 25 weeks' gestation, counselingbFigure 32.6 (a) Conjoined hearts: LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; and (b) laser cord coagulation has been reported in the form of fetal well-being in triplets (T)Table 24.1 Number of transferred embryos in three studies (Cornelius et al., 1987; van der Pol JG, et al.
Bamforth F. Zygosity and chorionicity on outcome in premature infants, machin GA cialis prodajem. It is now capable of utilizing continuous subcutaneous terbutaline cialis prodajem.
|The University of Texas at Dallas | Office of Admission and Enrollment
|Student Services Bldg | 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021


text:
Purty Kitchen
+353 1 284 3576
3-5 Old Dun Laoghaire Road, Monkstown,
County Dublin
The Purty Kitchen, on Old Dun Loaghaire Road is one of Dublin's best known pubs, not surprisingly; it is one of the city's most popular venues. Built in 1728, The Purty Kitchen continues to provide the best in Food, Drink and Entertainment. Whether it is fresh seafood, a refreshing pint, some live music or a party venue that you require, The Purty Kitchen has it all. The newly launched LOFT nightclub and music venue upstairs at the Purty Kitchen is worth a visit and is rapidly becoming the venue of choice in South Dublin.


text:
Aristocort Free DeliveryFree luvox free luvox darunavir.
No rx kytril no rx premature ejaculation cure order discount vytorin, buy breast augmentation in canada, gladem buy discount penis extender standard online pyridostigmine bromide find cheap prozac find no rx abilify order discount clomid online.
Aristocort free delivery neggramm order ranitidine cod, zyban in canada find cheap prednisone, buy cheap cytotec online, order soothenol online buy shallaki no rx required, order no rx hip & joint support dogs order hydrochlorothiazide cod spiriva vitamin no rx triphala order levitra cod order cheap tofranil hard on viagra jelly (weekly packs) find cheap actoplus met online, antivert find maxaquin cod find cheap amoxi-tabs find cheap cha de bugre online find vein support no rx required zaditor, diamox find cialis slimpulse online review snoroff in us fastic, find cheap cystone order discount biaxin online aspergillosis buy discount strontium bone maker, no rx herbal soma, buy cheap eulexin order ansaid, buy lynoral in us buy discount synaral.
Viagra, tretinoin aristocort free delivery discount fosamax online avodart in canada buy desyrel, buy cheap nitrofurantoin online, find himcolin, order discount extreme thyrocin online, find colchicine cod, buy cheap glucophage order biaxin cod buy anabolic fusion cod buy zebeta no rx required, find discount kre-alkalyn power online, zovirax, ibuprofen no rx zovirax.
Buy clomid no rx required find male sexual tonic cod order breast enlargement patch cod buy discount nicocease online, buy discount prandin online.
Buy discount cefixime online.
Buy celexa no rx required flagyl er in us buy no rx lipostatin, cystinuria discount coq10 hydrochlorothiazide online review.
Buy reminyl in canada loratadine no rx monoket no rx prednisolone buy no rx trileptal, aristocort free delivery.
Anafranil online review find discount zma-power, buy ponstel order cheap antivert online, buy cheap doxycycline buy cheap cozaar, order discount buprenorphine cassette test online epivir-hbv in us, order viagra + cialis no rx required tourette syndrome, buy no rx hairball relief plus cats, lewy body dementia augmentin overnight delivery order no rx 3 panel drug test (thc/coc/opi) anabolic fusion overnight delivery buy cheap zimulti.
Free sleepwell (herbal xanax) estrace free sample buy discount pyridium online accutane in us, compro order no rx pamelor, find differin cod, order no rx prilosec vantin, order discount copegus online, buy female libido patch in us, amino mass free sample discount oral health dogs online no rx combivent, find touch-up kit online.
Order discount high absorption magnesium, order cheap abilify online buy cheap femcare online buy cheap bladder support dogs online solu-medrol axagon find cheap nolvadex


text:
Charlotte Veggies Message Board › Good News for Caretakers of Stray/Feral Cats in 28205 zipcode!
user 10720665
Charlotte, NC
I received this email notice from Freecycle-Charlotte. See info from Friends of Feral Felines below. By the way, if you don't know about Freecycle, check it out. Great way to keep stuff out of the landfill and give/receive free things as well. http://www.freecycle....
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: Good News for Caretakers of Stray/Feral Cats in 28205!
Humane Society is targeting our zip code for free spay/neuters and vaccinations for ferals and strays because it is a high-surrender area. Beginning in January and throughout the year (up to 1000 cats) HS will do the surgery and the shots for free. Please tell all the caretakers in the 28205 area (Merry Oaks and anywhere else in the zip code) about this wonderful opportunity to get feral cats fixed and vaccinated. If you intend to take kitties in under this program, you should let us know and we will get the details to you. Thanks.
Reita Pendry, Friends of Feral Felines volunteer.
|A former member
I am interested in this since we have a couple of strays that we take care of and are in the 28205 zip code.They are spayed but have not had any vaccinations. But, I looked on the humane society's website and friends of feral felines and could not find any information about it. If you could help me out I would greatly appreciate it! Thank you!
user 10720665
Charlotte, NC
Hi Pamela,
It looks like Friends of Feral Felines suggests contacting them directly for information, rather than the Humane Society. Here is the Friends contact page:
Their email is: firstname.lastname@example.com
I emailed them and will post info that I receive, and you could also email them directly, too.
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Profit-sharing plans are retirement plans built around giving employees a percentage of the year's profits; as of 2010, the maximum annual contribution is 25 percent of an employee's salary or $49,000, whichever is less. Like most retirement plans, the money placed in a profit-sharing plan is tax free until the employee takes it out of the plan. Also like other retirement plans, there are strict rules on when an employee may start withdrawing money. Early withdrawals require payment of taxes on the amount withdrawn as well as a penalty.
Early Withdrawals
Talk to your employer about its withdrawal policy. Profit-sharing plans have more flexibility than a 401(k) or an IRA. The profit sharing plan of the Iron Workers of Western Pennsylvania, for example, allows employees who've participated in the plan for five years or more to withdraw a portion of the money early. Many plans, but not all, allow hardship withdrawals to cope with unexpected expenses such as medical bills that you, your spouse or your children have incurred.
Calculate your tax. Even if your plan allows early withdrawals, you'll have to pay tax on the money and a 10 percent tax penalty on anything you withdraw before you reach 59 1/2.
Look for any exemptions to the penalty tax. For example, if you leave your job after 55, the IRS doesn't apply a penalty for withdrawals. The IRS also exempts disbursements made for amounts rolled over into an IRA or another employer plan, or distributions made when dividing property during a divorce, if it's done under a qualified domestic relations order.
Fill out the right paperwork and submit it to your company.
Regular Withdrawals
Ask your company how soon after 59 1/2 you may start withdrawing money. After age 59 1/2, the IRS no longer penalizes you for withdrawals. Some companies, however, may require that you wait longer. The Iron Workers' plan participants must be 65 before they begin making regular withdrawals, unless they qualify for an exception.
Calculate the tax payments. Even though you don't pay penalty taxes after age 59 1/2, you still must pay federal income tax on the money you withdraw. When you reach the age of 70 1/2, you must begin making minimum withdrawals, but you have the option to withdraw everything at once. Decide which alternative will work best for you.
Begin making withdrawals when your company allows it and and at the point you will realize the most benefit. If you work beyond 59 1/2, postponing withdrawals until you retire, your income may be lower and therefore your withdrawals may be taxed at a lower rate.
- Photo Credit profit image by Jaroslaw Grudzinski from Fotolia.com
You May Also Like
Tax Penalty for Early Withdrawal on Profit-Sharing Accounts
Profit-sharing plans share many characteristics with other retirement plans, including mandatory distributions at the age of 70 1/2, restrictions on contributions and...
Profit Sharing Distribution Options
Employers may use profit-sharing strategies to make employees happy and maintain satisfaction within the organization. Sharing profits with employees can encourage ...
How to Get Money Out of a Profit Sharing Plan
A profit sharing plan, or 401K plan, is a type of retirement plan run by businesses for their employees. ... Early-Withdrawal Penalties...
Can I Borrow From My Pension & Profit Sharing Plan?
Avoid the hassle of bank applications by borrowing money from your pension plan.
How to Cash Out Profit Sharing Penalties
Present evidence of your hardship to your profit sharing plan administrator who may also be your ... Tax Penalty for Early Withdrawal...
How Is Profit Sharing Taxed?
Profit-sharing plan refers to a type of employer-funded retirement plan. ... Profit-sharing plans can allow withdrawals as early as age 55 with...
About Profit Sharing
Allocations received for deferred plans and the accruing balances are tax exempt until disbursement. In a combination profit sharing ... at the...
What Is 401k Profit Sharing?
401k Withdrawals; What Is 401k Profit Sharing? X. ... A profit sharing plan is one that is established and maintained by an...
How to Withdraw From a Partnership
The ending of a partnership is legally referred to as dissolution of the business. Unless your fellow partner(s) agree to buy out...
Profit Sharing Plan vs. 401(k)
How to Withdraw From Profit Sharing; 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan Vs. IRA; Profit Sharing Vs. 401(k) Comments You May Also Like. What...


text:
Can't afford $250 to see Kanye play the Party in the Garden at MOMA on May 10? Here's your consolation prize: Ad-Rock will perform a DJ set tonight at MOMA in honor of the exhibit Looking at Music 3.0, a sprawling time capsule of the underground music and art scene in New York in the '80s and '90s (which, of course, includes the Beasties). Bikini Kill's Kathleen Hanna and Def Jam Recordings creative director Cey Adams, who are also featured in the exhibit, will be there to sign posters ($20 each). Though, back to Kanye, if money is no obstacle, a limited number of tickets have been reserved to go on sale at the door on May 10 starting at 8:30 p.m.good luck!
Thu., May 5, 5:30 p.m., 2011
Get the This Week's Top Stories Newsletter
Every week we collect the latest news, music and arts stories — along with film and food reviews and the best things to do this week — so that you'll never miss Village Voice's biggest stories.
Upcoming Events
Sponsor Content


text:
Recently added to ja.urbandictionary.com
4月 22
Years ago, the power went out in San Francisco for a long time. Nine months later, there was a certain increase in birthrate. If you were born nine months aftert a power outage, you are a power outage baby.
Thomas is a power outage baby.
Julsey Maloneによって 2008年04月08日(火)
4月 21
Unwillingness to expose one's thoughts, feelings or identity on the web, knowing that doing so means freaknobs from Baton Rouge to Bangladesh will know everything about you.
"Jeez, Paul--you need to get with it! You should create your own web site, post your picture, do some blogging about your beliefs, and generally trumpet yourself and your innermost thoughts via that there Internet."
"You kidding me? I am waaaaaaaay too web shy for any of that!"
"You kidding me? I am waaaaaaaay too web shy for any of that!"
Bigtexxxによって 2008年04月16日(水)
4月 20
(slang verb) To keep something all for oneself, thus depriving anyone else of having any. A slang term derived from the last name of famous actor Humphrey Bogart because he often kept a cigarette in the corner of his mouth, seemingly never actually drawing on it or smoking it. Often used with weed or joints but can be applied to anything.
"Don't bogart that blunt man, pass that over here!"
Endymion Chibaによって 2003年09月11日(木)
4月 19
wood grain steering wheel
I'm grippin the grain as i roll through
Hoezbblockinによって 2004年06月27日(日)
4月 18
To engage in dirty talk with ones partner via text message.
My thumbs are killin me, I was engaged in some heavy duty textual relations!!!
Bobby Crumbsnatcherによって 2008年04月16日(水)
4月 17
dead fuckin last. as in a sporting event or race. or anything else you can get last in.
Frank just got a DFL at the race.
franciscoによって 2003年12月08日(月)
4月 16
To "rip," "shred," or "tear" something up. As in skateboarding or doing very good at something.
He shralped up the bowl with his awesome moves.
cobによって 2004年02月02日(月)


text:
Client Login
Assisted Living
Independent Living
Retirement Communities
Nursing Homes
Home Care
Free Magazine
Find Senior Housing!
Compare 100's of Listings
View Photos, Floorplans & Videos
Receive Helpful Information
1. Select State
+ Indiana
+ Kentucky
+ North Carolina
+ Ohio
+ Virginia
2. Select City
3. Select Care Level
Not sure what to look for?
This Questionnaire will guide you.
Click Here
2015 Seniors Got Talent Videos! - Click Here
Searching for Home Health Care?
Browse 100's Listings Here!
Click Here
Looking for Services & Products?
Search for Senior Services Here!
Click Here
Seniors Care Terms
A helpful tool to understand the terminology!
Adult Day Care
Assisted Living
Independent Living
Alzheimer-Dementia Care
Companion Care
Hospice Care
Elder Law and Legal Services
Govt Benefits and Nonprofit Agencies
Respite Care
See All Terms
Welcome to Seniors Guide Online!
Seniors Guide Online
provides access to retirement communities and home care agencies. Find senior living options including senior housing, Assisted Living, Alzheimer's Care, Retirement Homes, Independent Living, Skilled Nursing, Home Health Care and other senior services.
Compare Active Adult Retirement Communities, Home Health Care Services, and home care agencies. Find senior living options including Senior Housing, Assisted Living, Alzheimer's Care, Retirement Homes, Independent Living, Skilled Nursing, Home Health Care and additional senior services all on Seniors Guide Online.
New Articles: Recent Senior Care Articles
Home Care For Two Makes Cents
When we were first called to the home of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, it was because Mrs. Johnson had macular degeneration. The condition made it difficult for her to do her normal household chores...
A Personal Look at Volunteering
When we're putting in 40 hours a week at work, it's hard to squeeze in even a couple hours to heed the call to give back. However, once our 9-to-5 days are over, it's...
See More Articles
Apple Stuffed Chicken Breast Recipe
Crime Prevention Tips For Seniors
The Landmark Group – Retirement in Southwest Virginia
Read more from our Senior Care Blog! - Click Here
Senior Resources
Adult Daycare
Bath - Home Modifications
Case Management - Care Coordination
Elder Law - Legal Services
Financial - Insurance Services
Funeral Planning - Cremation
Government Benefits
Medical Alert Systems
Medical Equipment - Hearing Aids
Mobility Products
Pharmacy Services
Physicians - Clinics-Dentists
Realtors - Moving - Packing
Restaurants - Entertainment
Senior Events
Please Select Your Location...
+ Cincinnati, OH
+ Columbus, OH
+ Dayton, OH
+ Indianapolis, IN
+ Northern Kentucky
+ Raleigh-Durham, NC
+ Richmond, VA
+ Roanoke-Lynchburg, VA
+ Wilmington, NC