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From Time Immemorial
From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict over Palestine is a controversial[1] 1984 book by Joan Peters about the demographics of the Arab population of Palestine and of the Jewish population of the Arab world before and after the formation of the State of Israel.
According to Peters a large fraction of the Arabs of Palestine were not descendants of natives of Palestine at the time of the formation of Israel in 1948, but had arrived in waves of immigration starting in the 19th century and continuing through the period of the British Mandate. Peters contends that at the same time a much larger number of Jews than the number of Arabs fleeing Palestine, were driven out of the Arab countries and became refugees in Israel. She argues that what is referred to the 1948 Palestinian exodus is actually a population exchange that resulted from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
When the book was published, it was acclaimed by mainstream critics, including Robert St. John. A short time later, the book's central claims were attacked by Norman Finkelstein. Other critics, including Noam Chomsky, Edward Said and Yehoshua Porath, followed Finkelstein's criticism and called the book "ludicrous", "worthless" and a "forgery". Other historians, such as Barbara W. Tuchman[2] and Daniel Pipes, accepted the book's central thesis and claimed that weaknesses in the book do not undermine that thesis.
Initial reception[edit]
On its release in the US the book received widespread critical acclaim.[3] According to Norman Finkelstein, it had garnered some two hundred favorable notices in the United States by the end of its publication in 1984.[4] In April 1985 it was awarded the National Jewish Book Award in the "Israel" category.[5]
Theodore H. White called Peters' work a "superlative book" that traces Middle East history with "unmatched skill."
Saul Bellow's endorsement on the cover of the book stated:
- "Every political issue claiming the attention of a world public has its 'experts" - news managers, anchor men, ax grinders, and anglers. The great merit of this book is to demonstrate that, on the Palestinian issue, these experts speak from utter ignorance. Millions of people the world over, smothered by false history and propaganda, will be grateful for this clear account of the origins of the Palestinians. From Time Immemorial does not grudge these unhappy people their rights. It does, however, dissolve the claims made by nationalist agitators and correct the false history by which these unfortunate Arabs are imposed upon and exploited."
The book was also praised by Arthur J. Goldberg and Martin Peretz who said: "If (the book is) read, it will change the mind of our generation."[6][7] Peretz suggested that there was not a single factual error in the book.[8] Walter Reich wrote on the book "fresh and powerful ... an original analysis as well as a synoptic view of a little-known but important human story".
Jehuda Reinharz described the book as "valuable synthesis" and "new analysis" that "convincingly demonstrates that many of those who today call themselves Palestinian refugees are former immigrants or children of such immigrants". Ronald Sanders wrote that Peters' demographics "could change the entire Arab-Jewish polemic over Palestine". Sidney Zion wrote that Peters' book was "the intellectual equivalent of the Six-Day War". Timothy Foote acclaimed that the book is "part historic primer, part polemic, part revelation, and a remarkable document in itself". Lucy Dawidowicz wrote that Peters "brought into the light the historical truth about the Mideast". Barbara Probst Solomon called the book "brilliant, provocative and enlightened". Elie Wiesel described the "insight and analysis" of the book. Similar views were expressed by, Paul Cowan and others.[8]
Some reviewers, while describing the book in favourable terms, did point to certain deficiencies in Peters' scholarship. Martin Kramer in The New Leader (May 1984) wrote that the book raises overdue questions about the demographic history of Palestine in a way that cannot be ignored, but also referred to "serious weaknesses" in the book, and Peters' "rummaging through archives and far more balanced historical studies than her own for whatever evidence she can find to back up her thesis". He goes on to say that "It is specially unfortunate because on the central point of her book, the demographic argument, Peters is probably right."[9] Daniel Pipes in Commentary (July 1984) initially stated that Peters' "historical detective work has produced startling results, which should materially influence the future course of the debate about the Palestinian problem." He did, however, caution readers that "the author is not a historian or someone practiced in writing on politics, and she tends to let her passions carry her away. As a result, the book suffers from chaotic presentation and an excess of partisanship".[10] He later modified his views in a letter to The New York Times, after several academic reviews had shown the technical deficiencies of her book, he argued that Peter's central thesis, of large-scale Arab immigration into Palestine, had still not been refuted, though:
From Time Immemorial quotes carelessly, uses statistics sloppily, and ignores inconvenient facts. Much of the book is irrelevant to Miss Peters's central thesis. The author's linguistic and scholarly abilities are open to question. Excessive use of quotation marks, eccentric footnotes, and a polemical, somewhat hysterical undertone mar the book. In short, From Time Immemorial stands out as an appallingly crafted book.[11]
Initially the book received very few unfavorable reviews.[3][4] According to Norman Finkelstein, by the end of 1984 only three critical reviews had appeared, those by Finkelstein in In These Times (September 5–11, 1984), Bill Farrell in the Journal of Palestine Studies (Fall 1984) and Alexander Cockburn in The Nation (October 13, 1984).[4] Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg, professor of religion at Dartmouth College and vice president of the World Jewish Congress remarked that he thought Peters had "cooked the statistics" and that her scholarship was "phony and tendentious", recycling ideas promoted by right-wing Zionists since the 1930s.[12]
Norman Finkelstein's analysis of the book as a fraud[edit]
Norman Finkelstein's (1984) review was based on his doctoral thesis, later expanded and published in Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict. Finkelstein went into a close examination of all of Peters' notes and sources, and argued that her work persistently misrepresented or distorted the primary documents. His systematic critique of the book, attacking the two major pillars of Peters' thesis, which he regarded as a 'threadbare hoax' supported by the 'American intellectual establishment', had a major impact of later reviews of the book, especially those in Great Britain.[13] Firstly, in a number of lists, tables and examples Finkelstein juxtaposes the historical evidence Peters presents with extended quotations of the primary and secondary source material showing its original context. By doing so Finkelstein argues that the "evidence that Peters adduces to document massive illegal Arab immigration into Palestine is almost entirely falsified." For example, Peters cites the Hope Simpson Enquiry as having said that "Egyptian labor is being employed" in supporting her thesis of Arab immigration to Palestine. The actual Hope Simpson Report passage says "[In Palestine] Egyptian labor is being employed in certain individual cases...." In another instance, Peters cites the Anglo-American Survey of Palestine as having found that "the 'boom' conditions in Palestine in the years 1934-6 led to an inward movement into Palestine, particularly from Syria" when, as Finkelstein demonstrates, the Survey, in the very next sentence, notes that "The depression due to the state of public disorder during 1936-9 led to the return of these people and also a substantial outward movement of Palestinian Arabs who thought it prudent to live for a time in the Lebanon and Syria."[14]
Secondly, in a detailed analysis of the demographic study central to Peters' book, Finkelstein argued that Peters' conclusions are not supported by the data she presents. Finkelstein asserts that the study "is marred by serious flaws: (1) several extremely significant calculations are wrong; and (2) numbers are used selectively to support otherwise baseless conclusions"[15] His primary contention is that Peters divided up Palestine into five regions for her demographic study to confuse the reader, assigning regions I, II, and IV as Israel and III and V as the West Bank, then claiming that most of the refugees from 1948 had actually emigrated from the West Bank and Gaza (Area V) a year earlier, when Finkelstein argues they just as well could have come from northern Israel (Area IV). Finkelstein's deconstruction of the evidential basis for what had become a best-selling book, hailed for its quality by numerous American intellectuals, initially encountered difficulties in securing a publishing venue that might have given his findings a wider airing. In a retrospective reflection he opined that:
- The periodicals in which From Time Immemorial had already been favorably reviewed refused to run any critical correspondence (e.g. The New Republic, The Atlantic Monthly, Commentary). Periodicals that had yet to review the book rejected a manuscript on the subject as of little or no consequence (e.g. The Village Voice, Dissent, The New York Review of Books). Not a single national newspaper or columnist contacted found newsworthy that a best-selling, effusively praised 'study' of the Middle East conflict was a threadbare hoax.[4]
On the occasion of Peters' death, Finkelstein, in a long interview with Adam Horowitz, contextualized the thesis and the book's reception within Israel's emerging image problem after its invasion of Lebanon in 1982.[16]
Further criticism[edit]
Noam Chomsky defended and promoted Finkelstein's critique, commenting:
- [As] soon as I heard that the book was going to come out in England, I immediately sent copies of Finkelstein's work to a number of British scholars and journalists who are interested in the Middle East—and they were ready. As soon as the book [From Time Immemorial] appeared, it was just demolished, it was blown out of the water. Every major journal, the Times Literary Supplement, the London Review, The Observer, everybody had a review saying, this doesn't even reach the level of nonsense, of idiocy. A lot of the criticism used Finkelstein's work without any acknowledgment, I should say—but about the kindest word anybody said about the book was "ludicrous," or "preposterous."[17]
As Chomsky recounts, on its UK release the book was subject to a number of scathing reviews. David and Ian Gilmour in The London Review of Books (February 7, 1985)[18] heavily criticized Peters for ignoring Arab sources, and "censorship of Zionist sources that do not suit her case". They also present examples that in their view show that Peters misuses the sources which she does include in her work. They accuse Peters of basic errors in scholarship, such as the citation of Makrizi, who died in 1442, to support her statements about mid-nineteenth century population movements.[18] Oxford University historian, Albert Hourani, reviewing the book in The Observer (March 3, 1985) stated:
- The whole book is written like this: facts are selected or misunderstood, tortuous and flimsy arguments are expressed in violent and repetitive language. This is a ludicrous and worthless book, and the only mildly interesting question it raises is why it comes with praise from two well-known American writers.[19]
Following the book's negative reception in the UK, more critical reviews appeared in the United States. Columbia University professor Edward Said wrote unfavorably in The Nation (October 19, 1985),[20] while Robert Olson dismissed the book in The American Historical Review (April 1985), concluding:
- This is a startling and disturbing book. It is startling because, despite the author's professed ignorance of the historiography of the Arab-Israeli conflict and lack of knowledge of Middle Eastern history (pp. 221, 335) coupled with her limitation to sources largely in English (absolutely no Arab sources are used), she engages in the rewriting of history on the basis of little evidence. ...The undocumented numbers in her book in no way allow for the wild and exaggerated assertions that she makes or for her conclusion. This book is disturbing because it seems to have been written for purely polemical and political reasons: to prove that Jordan is the Palestinian state. This argument, long current among revisionist Zionists, has regained popularity in Israel and among Jews since the Likud party came to power in Israel in 1977.[21]
Reviewing the book for the November 28, 1985 issue of The New York Times, Israeli historian Yehoshua Porath described the book as a "sheer forgery," stating, "In Israel, at least, the book was almost universally dismissed as sheer rubbish except maybe as a propaganda weapon."[22] In 1986, Porath repeated his views in The New York Review of Books, and published a negative review that cites many inaccuracies.[20] According to Rael Isaac, however, "most notices in Israel were favorable, and the book is being published by the Kibbutz Hameuchad—a Labor publishing house—which has assigned it to one of Israel's top translators."[23] Rael Isaac defended the book in Commentary, claiming: "Much of Finkelstein's malevolent attack is similarly wrong. He incorrectly adds 40,000 Arabs to Miss Peters's projections of the number of Arabs who could have been expected, on the basis of natural increase, to live in the Galilee and Negev (what she calls "Area IV") in 1947, and then accuses her of not accounting for them properly. He charges her with "falsifying" the Anglo-American Survey of Palestine of 1945-46 by claiming that it discloses tens of thousands of Arab illegal immigrants who had been brought into Palestine during the war when in fact (according to Finkelstein) it states only that 3,800 laborers had been brought in. Yet the Survey does list many thousands of laborers who were brought in under official arrangements or came on their own." Peters was criticized for relying on different sources for establishing the Jewish and non-Jewish population in 1893, but Isaac defended this on the grounds that the Ottoman census would have excluded most Jews as non-citizens, while the figures cited from French geographer Vital Cuinet were likely close to the truth. Isaac conceded that Peter's attempts to reconstruct the population were tentative and overstated, and acknowledged some errors in the book, but concluded that they did not undermine Peters' thesis. Isaac also cited Arieh Avneri's The Claim of Dispossession as further supporting Peter's claims "with regard both to Arab in-migration and to Arab immigration."[23]
Response to reception[edit]
That a book so widely acclaimed should come to be treated with such disdain by a number of learned scholars and historians generated no small amount of controversy. In the pages of The New York Review of Books (March 1986), Daniel Pipes and Ronald Sanders, two of the book's early supporters, engaged in an exchange with Yehoshua Porath, one of its most vehement critics. Pipes summed up the situation, stating Peters' work had "been received in two ways at two times. Early reviews treated her book as a serious contribution to the study of the Arab-Israeli conflict and late ones dismissed it as propaganda."[24]
In the exchange both Pipes and Sanders accepted some of the charges that had been leveled at the book. In reference to the harsh criticism, Sanders said that Peters had "brought this upon herself" and acknowledged that "patient researchers have found numerous examples of sloppiness in her scholarship and an occasional tendency not to grasp the correct meaning of a context from which she has extracted a quotation." Pipes stated that he would not dispute the technical, historical, and literary faults identified by the book's critics.
However, Ronald Sanders argues that all of that does little to undermine the central thesis of Peters:
- But the fact remains that there is an original and significant argument at the heart of her book, and this has scarcely been dealt with by critics, apart from Mr. Porath, who only weakly challenged it.[25]
Daniel Pipes sums up the situation:
- Faulty presentation notwithstanding, Miss Peters's hypothesis is on the table; it is incumbent on her critics to cease the name-calling and make a serious effort to show her wrong by demonstrating that many thousands of Arabs did not emigrate to Palestine in the period under question[26]
In an opinion piece for The New York Times discussing the reactions of commentators to the book, Anthony Lewis compared the reaction of American commentators to the reaction of Israeli ones:
- Israelis have not gushed over the book as some Americans have. Perhaps that is because they know the reality of the Palestinians' existence, as great Zionists of the past knew. Perhaps it is because most understand the danger of trying to deny a people identity. As Professor Porath says, Neither historiography nor the Zionist cause itself gains anything from mythologizing history.[6]
William B. Quandt, in the June 1996 edition of Foreign Affairs, stated that it had been demonstrated Peters' claims in the book were based on "shoddy scholarship". Quandt praises Finkelstein's "landmark essay" on the subject, crediting him and other scholars with bringing to light the deficiencies in Peters' work.[27] In 2005 Israeli historian Avi Shlaim credited Finkelstein with proving that the book was "preposterous and worthless". Shlaim stated that the evidence adduced by Finkelstein was "irrefutable" and the case he had made against Peters' book was "unanswerable".[28]
In 2003, in the Middle East Quarterly, Professor Fred Gottheil of the University of Illinois, after a thorough analysis of extant data writes:
- Therein lies the ideological warfare concerning claims to territorial inheritance and national sovereignty. Contrary to McCarthy's findings or wishes, there is every reason to believe that consequential immigration of Arabs into and within Palestine occurred during the Ottoman and British mandatory periods. Among the most compelling arguments in support of such immigration is the universally acknowledged and practiced linkage between regional economic disparities and migratory impulses.[29]
Writing for The New Yorker in 2011, David Remnick described the book as "an ideological tract disguised as history", "propaganda" and "pseudo-scholarship". He stated that while the book was a commercial success and had been praised by a number of writers and critics, it had been thoroughly discredited by Israeli historian Yehoshua Porath along with many others. He points out that even some right wing critics who had originally favoured the book later accepted the flaws in its scholarship.[30]
In an online article entitled, 'The Hazards of Making the Case for Israel', Professor Alan Dershowitz, whom both Cockburn and Finkelstein argued reproduced Peters' research as his own,[31] that:
- The Chomsky-Finkelstein-Cockburn mode of ad hominem attack proved particularly successful against Peters because the words "hoax," "fraud," "fake," and "plagiarism" are so dramatic and unforgettable, as is the charge that Peters did not actually write the book... It did not seem to matter that none of these charges made by Chomsky, Finkelstein and Cockburn were even close to the truth. All Finkelstein had managed to show was that in a relatively small number of instances, Peters may have misinterpreted some data, ignored counter-data, and exaggerated some findings—common problems in demographic research that often appear in anti-Israel books as well.[32]
See also[edit]
- ^ Khalidi, Rashid (1998). Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press. p. 241. ISBN 0231105150.
- ^ "Joan Peters: The Myth "Of From Time Immemorial"". JewishPress. February 2, 2015.
- ^ a b Edward Said. Blaming the victims: spurious scholarship and the Palestinian question. Verso Books, 2001. p. 23.
- ^ a b c d Norman Finkelstein. Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict 2nd Edition. Verso Books, 2003 p.45-46
- ^ Eyal Press (April 1996). "Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict. - book reviews". The Progressive.
- ^ a b Lewis, Anthony (January 13, 1986). "There Were No Indians". The New York Times.
- ^ Peretz, Martin (July 23, 1984). The New Republic. Missing or empty
- ^ a b Norman Finkelstein (1995). "Image and Reality of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", pp 21-22
- ^ Martin Kramer (May 14, 1984). "The New Case for Israel". The New Leader. Archived from the original on 2005-04-01.
- ^ Daniel Pipes (July 1984). "From Time Immemorial The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine Reviewed". Commentary.
- ^ Daniel Pipes,to the Editor,' New York Review of Books 27 March 1986.
- ^ Colin Campbell,'Dispute flares over book on claims to Palestine,' New York Times 28 November 1985.
- ^ Jonas E. Alexis, Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: A History of Conflict, Westbow Press, 2013 p.275.
- ^ Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict, 2nd Edition. Verso Books, 2003 pp. 31-2.
- ^ Norman Finkelstein.Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict 2nd Edition. Verso Books, 2003 pp. 21-46
- ^ Norman Finkelstein, 'Norman Finkelstein on Joan Peters legacy (and Dershowitz's legal troubles),' Norman G. Finkelstein January 28, 2015.
- ^ Noam Chomsky (2002). ""The Fate of an Honest Intellectual"". Understanding Power. The New Press. pp. 244–248, p.244.
- ^ a b David and Ian Gilmour (7 February 1985). "Pseudo-Travellers". London Review of Books. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "gilmour" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Noam Chomsky (2002). "Chapter 7 (Footnotes)". Understanding Power. The New Press.
- ^ a b Mrs. Peters's Palestine New York Review Of Books January 16, 1986
- ^ Olson, Robert. "From Time Immemorial (Book Review)." The American Historical Review 90, no. 2 (April 1985): 468. Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed March 30, 2009).
- ^ Colin Campbell (November 28, 1985), "Dispute Flares Over Book on Claims to Palestine", The New York Times, retrieved May 3, 2010
- ^ a b Isaac, Rael (1986-07-01). "Whose Palestine?". Commentary. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
- ^ Mrs. Peters's Palestine: An Exchange New York Review Of Books March 27, 1986
- ^ http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1986/mar/27/mrs-peterss-palestine-an-exchange/
- ^ http://www.danielpipes.org/1110/from-time-immemorial
- ^ W.B. Quandt, "Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict" - Book Review Foreign Affairs, May/June 1996
- ^ Shlaim, Avi (Winter 2006). "AVI SHLAIM, CONFIDENTIAL PEER REVIEW OF BEYOND CHUTZPAH FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, 9 FEBRUARY 2005." (PDF). Journal of Palestine Studies. XXXV: 88. doi:10.1525/jps.2006.35.2.85.
- ^ http://www.meforum.org/522/the-smoking-gun-arab-immigration-into-palestine
- ^ Remnick, David (December 11, 2011). "Newt, the Jews, and an "Invented" People". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
- ^ Matthew Abraham, Out of Bounds: Academic Freedom and the Question of Palestine, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2014 pp.65ff.
- ^ http://www.jbooks.com/interviews/index/IP_Dershowitz.htm


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How to Request Funding
The Center is happy to collaborate with and help any staff, faculty, and student organization with a variety of programs, activities, and ideas. To request funding for your idea please 1) complete the Supplemental Funding Form found on the Student Life page, 2) Follow-up with an email to Ferentz Lafargue that includes a description of your program and how it relates to the Center's mission and goals.
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To request money from the Davis Center, submit the Supplemental Funding form, and then send an email to Ferentz Lafargue to follow up.
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Forum on Contemporary Theory
Seventh International Conference
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam (India)
13-16 December 2004
Topic: "Dialogics of Cultural Encounters"
The theme of the conference, "Dialogics of Cultural Encounters," is part of the ongoing debate of the Forum on the question of identity, which has acquired greater urgency and meaning today in the context of the recent events in Afghanistan and Iraq and the threat of international terrorism to the civilized world. The theme of the 2004 conference extends the scope of the debate on modernity, initiated at the Jaipur conference in 2003, to encompass the larger dimension of the question involving dialogue between cultures, between civilizations, between religious and political ideologies, and between the present and the past. The idea of modernity, which was disseminated throughout the world under colonial dispensation, was both a spatial mode of intervention across cultures and a reflection on the nature of residual temporality of the past through the present. Through migration and displacement of people, through translations of works, through study of comparative literary perspectives and influences, and through expansion of regimes of control under colonialism and forms of globalization the world continues to be shaken and invigorated by spatial dynamics of cultural exchange. Temporal markers of disjunction and conjunction of cultural forces would include modernity's invocation of the past and its continued reworking of tradition through both conflicting and collaborative dialogues. The influx of modernity into the life-world of the countries influenced by the West could be seen as both a disturbing phenomenon for traditional cultures as well as a facilitation for a fruitful exchange of ideas for a healthy cross-fertilization of shared perspectives. Although some cynics have predicted a clash of civilizations and battles over ideological differences, there seems to have continued a subtle dialogue between systems of thought apparently opposed by their epistemic differences. The emergence of poststructuralist thinking and its profound impact on contemporary thought have made us aware that the old-fashioned dichotomies and polarities are no longer helpful in re-conceptualizing the nature of the human world; there is a need for a fresh look from the vantage point of the new century and new millennium, which is expected to offer us a vision of a new future. By using the term "dialogics" from Mikhail Bakhtin and implying its opposition to the Marxist term "dialectics" we have tried to understand the more complex but valuable interplay of ideas across cultures and time as a way of making sense of the intricate process of encounters between cultures, despite the more obvious signs of many forms of conflicts resulting in violent political and ideological clashes. The conference will try to examine through close studies of cultural forms as well as the nature of philosophical debates through history how there has been a persistence of dialogical impulses, even when conflicts among cultures have been more open and bloody.
Papers, mostly on conceptual nature, supported by textual examples, are welcome. Mere textual analysis without any broad philosophical framework will not be entertained.
Special Session: In keeping with the earlier convention, a special panel on a regional text will be one of the highlights of the conference. This year's choice for the panel is the nineteenth century Telugu play Kanyasulkam (1897) by Gurajada Venkata Appa Rao, translated into English by C. Vijayasree and T. Vijaya Kumar, and published in 2002 by The Book Review Literary Trust (239 Vasant Enclave, New Delhi 110057). The play gives a clear picture of Telugu society in the late nineteenth century, between the collapse of an old order and the uncertain emergence of a new one. Hailed as the first "modern" text in Telugu, it interestingly is one of the earliest to have critiqued the colonial models of modernity. It also anticipates many postmodernist techniques through its inter-textual links with past authors and texts, both Indian and Western, and negotiates playfully between the past and the present through a meaningful dialogue with historical periods as a way of understanding how temporal dislocations and changes have also vestiges of continuity.
Submission deadline: 500-word abstracts or proposals are due by August 1, 2004.
Complete papers should be limited to 12 pages (approximately 20 minutes reading time). A longer version may be submitted for possible publication in the Journal of Contemporary Thought, brought out by the Forum, or in the conference volume. The completed paper should reach the Convener of the Forum by October 30.
Registration deadline: September 5, 2004. All participants need to be pre-registered.
The registration fee covers room and board for 4 days. The fee from the local participants will cover lunch, conference tea, and other conference material. A cashier check made payable to THE FORUM ON CONTEMPORARY THEORY should be sent to: Prafulla Kar, Convener of the Forum, 14 Pitambar, Old Padra Road, Baroda 390 020, India.
Sightseeing Tours: Those who go on a local tour on December 13 will be charged a small extra fee to be determined by the local hosts. Those who want to go on a day-long sightseeing trip to the historic Aruku valley, famous for its Buddhist sites on the 17th may contact the local hosts to arrange the tour through Andhra Pradesh Tourism Corporation.
Visakhapatnam, the second largest city of Andhra Pradesh, next to Hyderabad, is a naval base on the Bay of Bengal. It is famous for its beach, hills and ancient temples; Simhachalam temple, dedicated to Lord Narasimha, is the most famous, situated on the top of a picturesque hill. The city has also has lovely hills like Kailash Giri and Dolphin Point overlooking the Bay of Bengal. The city is connected by air to Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar, and by train to major cities. One can make a trip from here to Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh, called Cyberabad these days, the city of the Nizams as well to the famous Chilika Lake and the temples of Puri, Bhubaneswar and Konark in the neighboring state of Orissa.
Andhra University, one of the oldest universities in the country (established in 1926), has played an important role in the development of higher education in India, particularly in the discipline of English Studies, with such luminaries on its faculty and administration as C. R. Reddy, a friend of Sri Aurobindo, Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, the philosopher, and K. Srinivasa Iyengar, the first historiographer of Indian Writing in English.
For further information, please visit the Forum web site or contact any of the following:


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The Jacksons have been called the first family of pop music and their remarkable success justifies the unofficial designation although, of course, the subject is still open to debate.
In any event, now that nearly all of the media and public frenzy has subsided following the still hard to believe passing of Michael Jackson, a flood of thoughts began to go through my mind.
For example, I recall interviewing Jermaine Jackson in the late summer of 1989. At the time he had a No. 1 hit with "Don't Take It Personal." (And even then it appeared that he was using shellac in his hair.)
The interview, which took place at The Whitney restaurant on Woodward Ave., was interesting and Jermaine was very much into it. He was calm and, like all of the Jackson brothers, soft-spoken.
However, he went to another place when the subject of La Toya Jackson and her then-husband, Jack Gordon, came up. In fact, he asked me to turn off the tape recorder so that he could express himself freely and off the record.
CLEARLY, he despised Gordon and used whatever words were necessary to make that dislike clear. He also believed that La Toya, largely at odds with her family at the time, was heavily influenced by Gordon, who was also her manager.
Plus, Jermaine thought it was strange that La Toya would pose nude for Playboy magazine with a boa constrictor used suggestively when, in fact, she had always been afraid of snakes.
And speaking of LaToya Jackson, who can be a real drama queen, when her marriage to Jack Gordon went sour, she publicly claimed that he beat her and left her "in a pool of blood." (Yeah, right.)
LaToya wrote a successful book titled "Growing Up in the Jackson Family," in which she came down pretty hard on Michael and much of the rest of the family. However, when Michael got into major trouble, accused of child molestation, there she was at his side, speaking out on his behalf. True, "blood is thicker than conflict," but to me it still seemed hypocritical.
WHEN THE Jackson 5 first became a sensation in 1969-1970, they were adored by teenaged girls everywhere. They dreamed of being with a Jackson brother, especially Michael or Jermaine, but, of course, they couldn't get anywhere near them. But girls in the Gordy family could.
Before you could say "A-B-C," Patrice Gordy was going with Jackie Jackson and Hazel Gordy was going with Jermaine. (Jermaine and Hazel later married.) At the time I was friendly with Patrice, to whom I had became acquainted through a mutual friend.
Patrice invited me to have holiday season dinner with her family in late 1970, at her grandparents' home on West Outer Drive. (I don't recall how I got there; I certainly wasn't driving then.) Hazel proudly showed me Jermaine's ring, which she was wearing around her neck. I was quite excited to be amongst the Gordys.
Berry Gordy Jr. was there and he kept staring at me, no doubt wondering who I was and why I was there. (Bertha Gordy, his mother, was very nice to me.)


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Home › Settlements › Settlements and Outposts › Ramat Gilad
Parental Settlement: Karnei Shomron
Established: 2002
Distance from Green Line: 9 km
Inside of Separation Barrier
The outpost contains 12 caravans and 1 permanent structure.
Statement about the outpost in the Sasson Report which was published in March 2005:
Date established: May 2001.
The closest settlement: Karnei Shomron, at a distance of 1350 m as the crow flies, and approx. 250 m from another quarter.
Government or Minister of Defense approval for its establishment: None. (There is a government decision with regard to the establishment of Karnei Shomron).
Nature of land rights: Part is on State lands and part on private Palestinian lands.
Body which allocated the land: Planning approval (only) to the Ministry of Housing and Construction, solely for the section on State lands. No agreement has been signed with them as yet.
Planning status: A plan was submitted and was rejected by the Minister of Defense; a plan for a permit was submitted by Moshe Zar – and rejected.
Jurisdiction: Part of the outpost lies within the jurisdiction of the Karnei Shomron Local Council. A section lies beyond the jurisdiction.
No. of inhabitants: 5 families, approx. 15 persons.
Type of construction: 9 caravans; 1 caravan with an attached wall and an awning + four foundations for placing caravans; 2 containers; 1 tin shed; 2 generators; 2 fuel tanks; 2 guard tower; perimeter lighting; 1 water tank, a road laid from the Neve Menachem road. It seems that at least a section of the road crosses private Palestinian land.
Body financing the establishment:
Connection to electricity grid: No request submitted.
Connection to water system: They apparently "pull" water from Karnei Shomron, as reported by Mekorot.
NOTE: A delimitation order has been issued, approved by the Supreme Court
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In this episode of "Interviews with Body Transformation Experts", we talk to Steve Kamb – the founder of nerdfitness.com
To listen, click the play button below:
In this podcast, you'll learn:
- The one thing that's 'really important' to do in your first week of a body transformation;
- A BIG tip on what to cut out from your diet to help you lose fat;
- The diet that Steve believes is going to give you the best possibility of levelling up your fitness in life;
- Reasons why Steve doesn't like eating grains;
- Steve's thoughts on cardio and why you don't need to run to 'get healthy'; and
- Much more.
To listen to this podcast, click the play button below.
Enjoy 🙂
PS. Check out Joe's body transformation here. Steve helped him lose 130 lbs!
PPS. Here's Steve's TEDx mentioned towards the start of the interview. Check it out here:


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An arrest was made one week after a Melbourne Police Department officer was dragged by runaway thieves, according to investigators.
Officer Joe Yorkey tried to stop two suspected shoplifters, but the driver sped off. York was dragged a short distance.
Investigators said Tosha Wilson took off with the officer partly in her car.
Authorities said the incident happened near a Bealls Outlet store on Babcock Street, where the robbery happened.
Yorkey was not seriously hurt, but he was hospitalized. He has since recovered.
Wilson was booked into the Brevard County Sheriff's Office.


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Our Favorite WTF!? Stories of 2010
Confession: We like crazy people. They make us feel good, warm and cozy, among the like-minded. And sometimes like maybe we're just the slightest bit "healthier" than they are. Thus, we have a certain special feeling for the following stories, which we loved when they happened...and which stand the test of crazy, crazy time.
• Man forced to eat own beard. Ah, this was a good one. After getting into a drunken dispute over a potential lawnmower sale, Harvey Westmoreland, Kentuckian, was made to endure a beard-cutting by two former pals, who then made him consume his own facial locks at knifepoint, under threat of death. Westmoreland is now growing his beard back.
• Themed criminals! The geezers, the Darth Vader robber, the guy in the Scream mask who was scared off by water, the bouquet bandit, and the cat lady.... We salute your creativity, if not your ethics.
• Ladies hiding stolen goods in their fat rolls. There is a time and place for everything. The time is when you're shopping and don't want pay. The place is your own flesh. Unfortunately, these gals were busted, because we think they had sort of a brilliant idea. "Anything they can open they will put things into." (Related: Brooklyn teen puts turkey in pants.)
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• Pillows that are also companions, friends, and maybe lovers.
• Mel Gibson. Remember all the horrible, racist, disgusting things he ranted about? Remember our chart of them? We do!
• Air conditioner lands on unwitting East Villager. This is one of our worst fears. As is falling on the subway tracks and taking 625 volts to the head. Or deciding you're going to move and use the subway, and only the subway, to do it. We're happy to say that all three fellows survived.
• Snakes in toilets, crocs in the streets, raccoon heads in kitchen drawers. W.T.F., FTW.
• The saga of the smoking baby. Ardi Rizal (or, Aldi Suganda), the 2-year-old Indonesian smoker who puffed like a mini Marlon Brando in his leather bomber jacket, beats Julian Assange and even Antoine Dodson as our very most favorite person of the year. We followed him from his 40-cigarettes a day phase to reporters tracking him down and finding him in the middle of the night, mid French-inhale, and through his inevitable rehab and eventual quitting of the habit. Little man, we wish you the best in 2011.
The rest of you, keep on keepin' crazy.
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A Community of Exceptional Nurses
American Assembly for Men in Nursing is a national organization providing a framework for nurses to meet, discuss, and influence factors, which affect men as nurses. Our objectives are promoting diversity in nursing; supporting and acknowledge men in nursing; advocating for men's health issues; promoting full participation in the nursing profession.
Learn more about what we have to offer based on your role in the industry.
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Jolly Snowmen Downloadable Quilt Pattern
Featuring fabrics from the collection Jolly Snowmen by Sue Zipkin for Clothworks
Pattern designed by Rochelle Martin
Finished size is approximately 41" x 45"
Click here to download this free pattern.
(There will be a small fee per pattern if you add it to your shopping cart and want us to print and mail it to you.)
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On her first day of classes, Kelly Wagner, PHC's new adjunct Spanish professor, gave students a chance to ask her anything they wanted. The students' queries ... Read More
Patrick Henry College welcomed its newest staff member, counselor Tracy Carter, to campus this past week, giving female students a comfortable place in which to ... Read More
When a fourth of the Purcellville police force rolled into PHC on Tuesday morning, they didn't come to protect a political candidate or to make an arrest. Chief ... Read More
Dr. Cory Grewell, Professor of Literature, is this fall's speaker for Faith and Reason. His topic is "(Re)constructing Meaning: The Nature ... Read More
PHC is pleased to announce the expansion of its Distance Learning (DL) Program this spring semester! This fall, we began enrollment for online courses in ... Read More
The bags were unpacked, students were finished welcoming back their friends, and the freshmen were finally out of orientation. Students, faculty, and staff ... Read More
Purcellville, VA, JULY 21, 2016 – Patrick Henry College won the 8th Annual Read More
PHC is pleased to announce the relaunch of its Distance Learning (DL) Program, ... Read More
Heavyweight Interviews with Distinguished GuestsRead More


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I read in the Aiken Standards TalkBack recently that Jimmy Carter could smile now that he isnt the worst president. I realize there are people in our area who dislike President Barack Obama, or maybe Democrats in general.
Lets take a look at the party. The Democrats enacted Social Security for working people reaching retirement age, Medicare for seniors, Medicaid for the poor, the GI Bill for returning troops from World War II and Korea and the Civil Rights Act.
Now, a look at the Republicans. Im thinking, Im thinking. Oh yeah. President Ronald Reagan took the national debt from one trillion to four, George H.W. Bush took it from four to five and George W. Bush took the debt up to almost eleven, cleaned out all the money in the treasury, got us into two wars, Afghanistan and Iraq and left us in the Great Recession personally, I think it was another Depression. Obama is trying his best to get us out without any help from John Boehner and company.
I think folks in the CSRA just cant believe that the party wants the best for our country even if they dont have family values whatever that is. Just the way it is.
Jim McGaughy


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There are bound to be some new faces at William McKinley High School as some of Glee's most recognizable voices prepare to graduate at the end of the next season.
After it was announced Wednesday that Lea Michele, Cory Monteith and Chris Colfer won't be returning for season 4 of Fox's hit series – a decision made by show creator Ryan Murphy to preserve the integrity of the show – the club's leading lady reached out to fans, in true Rachel Berry fashion.
"We always knew we'd graduate in real time. It's all part of the plan and it's all good!" the actress Tweeted. "To Gleeks everywhere, you're in my heart now and forever. Love u all!"
She added: "This is just the beginning."
But as Finn, Kurt and Rachel grow up and move on, making way for new characters with new voices, Glee could be a whole new show with a fresh sound.
Glee: Which Star Will You Miss Most?


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Softball Earns Shutout Victory Over UNC Greensboro at Triangle Classic
Colonials fall to Toledo, 5-1, in opening game on Friday; NC State blanks GW, 12-0, in its first game on Saturday
Feb. 12, 2005
RALEIGH, NC - The George Washington University softball team opened its 2005 season on Friday, Feb. 11, at the Triangle Classic, co-hosted by North Carolina in Chapel Hill and NC State in Raleigh. GW, playing at the Walnut Creek Softball Complex in Raleigh, went 1-1 on Friday, before falling to the host Wolfpack, 12-0, in its first game on Saturday.
On the first day of tournament play Friday, the Colonials fell 5-1 to Toledo in their season debut. In the nightcap, freshman Jen Hrycyna (North Brunswick, NJ) tossed a two-hit complete-game shutout to lead GW to a 2-0 win over UNC Greensboro and its first victory of the season.
The Colonials grabbed an early lead in the first as sophomore Elana Meyers (Douglasville, GA) led off the game with a walk and later stole second. After reaching third on a groundout, Meyers crossed the plate to make it 1-0 GW on a throwing error by third basemen Alixis Villarin. GW added an insurance run in the sixth when freshman Jackie Yaniga (Miami, FL) belted her first collegiate home run to left center.
Against NC State in its first game on Saturday, GW was no-hit by the Wolfpack, 12-0. Freshman Gabby Culp (Desoto, TX) was hit with the loss after giving up four earned runs in one inning of work. At the plate, freshman Lisa Cohen (Langhorne, PA) went 0-for-1 with a walk to lead GW.
Check back with GWsports.com for full recap and results from the 2005 Triangle Classic in Raleigh.


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In The Game's Class of 2010 Inserts Add New Intrigue to NHL Draft
Hockey fans know the stakes are high every time the NHL Draft rolls around, with the futures of their favorite teams hanging in the balance. This year, In The Game has figured out a way to give collectors another reason to have a rooting interest in the way the first round plays out.
The Class of 2010 inserts, which will debut in In The Game's upcoming 2009-10 Heroes and Prospects Hockey release, will feature some of the best young hockey talent around. The checklist includes two players who are expected to have an excellent shot at going No. 1 overall, Canadian forwards Taylor Hall and Tyler Seguin.
What makes the Class of 2010 cards a little more interesting is that each one has a foil-stamped number on the reverse side between 1 and 30. If the pictured player's draft position is the same as that number, the card can be redeemed for a game-used memorabilia card with a print run of only 10 copies.
While In The Game takes pride in rarely using redemption cards of any kind, company founder Dr. Brian Price said the unique nature of these inserts made them worth it in this case.
"We felt that the Class of 2010 cards were more of a new product feature that makes Heroes and Prospects more interactive for collectors," Dr. Price said in a recent company newsletter. "We think collectors are going to enjoy looking at the cards they have during the 2010 NHL Draft to see if they are lucky enough to exchange their card for something special."
This year's Heroes and Prospects series also has a 150-card base set with its usual heavy focus on top prospects playing either Canadian junior hockey or in the American Hockey League. Each box will contain two game-used memorabilia cards, two autographs and two non-memorabilia inserts on average.
Orders for 2009-10 Heroes and Prospects Hockey are due from dealers and distributors on January 15, and the cards are set to go live on January 27.