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In this day and age, why can't someone be both? Jessica Biel's dramatic turn as a stripper in Timothy Linh Bui's Powder Blue, which just hit DVD and Blu-ray, has been competing for attention with the theatrical release of Stephen Elliott's Easy Virtue, which opened in New York and Los Angeles before expanding this weekend. Throw in the tempest in a teacup about her interview with Allure Magazine, in which the actress was quoted as complaining that her beauty was causing her to miss out on more serious roles that instead went to Natalie Portman or Scarlett Johansson, and it may be hard to know what to think of the actress.
I don't know if the Allure quotes are accurate are not, taken out of context or completely made up, but watching her in Easy Virtue made me forget all the career stuff and gossip and get caught up with the characters and the story. That's not something I expected from a period piece based on a play by Noël Coward. Biel plays Larita, an American race car driver from Detroit who marries the young, very British John Whittaker (Ben Barnes) after a whirlwind romance. John takes her home to meet his very proper mother (Kristin Scott Thomas), his remote yet welcoming father (Colin Firth), and his two flighty sisters (Kimberly Nixon and Katherine Parkinson).
It wouldn't be fair to say that Biel steals this very funny film (with a more serious streak that's gradually revealed). For one thing, Firth is exquisitely good; for another, Elliot's direction is quite engaging. Still, Biel is something of a minor marvel in the role.p>
Our own Eugene Novikov even declared: "Jessica Biel gives easily the best performance of her career as the stubborn, complex Larita." (More than by the way, his entire review is well worth reading.) Based on her appearances on talk shows, where she's shown herself to be quick-witted and ready to laugh at herself, I anticipated that Biel could easily handle the comedy in Easy Virtue. The pleasant surprise was her ability to convey the cracks that develop in the deep emotional reservoir that her character has been containing. Some of that is in the script, of course; the rest has to come from the actress. I always come back to the eyes; maybe it's just the lighting or me projecting my own feelings onto the screen, but some performers seem to be able to communicate their thoughts without saying or doing anything. You can see them thinking. I haven't seen everything Biel has done so far, so maybe she's demonstrated this quality before. There's little doubt now, though, that she can handle a meaty dramatic part.
Speaking of things I haven't seen, the few reviewsI'veread for Powder Blue have been consistent: comments about the mediocre drama, highlighted by notations about Jessica Biel stripping down to display her breasts and bottom. (I want to sound self-righteous or disapproving on the latter point; that would be hypocritical, since that's pretty much all we concentrated on when writing about the movie over the last few months.) The desire to see an attractive naked body may be part of the biological drive common to all humans, but somehow the prospect of an actress uncovering the goods for the first time tends to convert many men, myself included, into sniggering pre-pubescent boys sneaking a forbidden peak at Playboy.
As a result, I've been made to feel like the only reason I'd be renting or buying Powder Blue would be to check out Biel's body. Which inspires the thought: Why do so many actresses end up playing strippers on screen? It seems de rigueur, even if the actress doesn't want to actually take off all her clothes. (E.g. Jessica Alba in Sin City.) That's like someone wanting to play a police officer, even though they don't want to carry a gun or arrest anybody, isn't it? No doubt every actress has her reasons, and every single one is along the lines of, 'The part was too good to pass up.'
A wise woman once said, "In Hollywood, actresses have to prove they're women by showing their breasts. Then they have to spend the rest of their careers proving that they don't have to take off their clothes to be taken seriously." (Or something along those lines; it was in a film magazine and I've never been able to rediscover the exact quote.) Now that Biel has stripped, and, more importantly, demonstrated her depth, maybe she can be accepted as a serious actress.


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Owning up to something when you know, and the people all around you know that you are guilty.
My brothers boss said he had more vacation then he really had, he felt guilty so he Big-Mac Up'ed and told his boss that he had already used his days.
dodane przez Bella Jones styczeń 11, 2010
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Female Nominees Attend 2012 Oscar Luncheon
Barbara DeFranco
| February 6, 2012 - 4:38 pm
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The New Mexico State Fair is celebrating its 75th anniversary.
Since its debut, a lot has changed.
When the fair first opened in 1938, the admission was 35 cents for adults and 15 cents for kids, according to the Albuquerque Journal.
In those days, the fair was on the edge of town and roughly 60 acres smaller. Now, attendance at the fair is about 60 times what it was in the 1930s.
The fair kicks off Wednesday.


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on March 7, 2013 - 2:47 PM
The Buffalo Alumni Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity will host the 19th annual Daniel R. Acker Scholarship Ball at 7 p.m. Saturday in the Hyatt Regency Buffalo, 2 Fountain Plaza.
Actor and filmmaker John Marshall Jones was to be the keynote speaker for the event. Marshall, who was a featured actor in the late 1990s WB network sitcom "Smart Guy," also will preside over a free screening of a 2009 movie he directed, "The Guest at Central Park West," about two Harvard University graduates who share a secret. The screening will take place at 1 p.m. Friday in the Frank E. Merriweather Jr. Library, 1324 Jefferson Ave.
The Daniel R. Acker Scholarship was named in honor of the longtime president of the Buffalo Branch of the NAACP. He died in 1997. The scholarships are awarded to qualifying local high school seniors who will enroll in a four-year college or university in the fall.


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Lancaster police investigate shooting
Man, 35, found with gunshot wounds
Published 3:05 PM EDT Apr 05, 2013
Lancaster police said they were called to the first block of East Andrew Street Friday morning for a report of shots fired.
Police said they found a 35-year-old man in the first block of Conestoga Street with gunshot wounds to the right arm and right leg, .
The victim was taken to a hospital.
Copyright 2013 by WGAL All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Part of me wants to throw myself into the deep end of recovery, and another part of me just doesn't give a shit anymore. I just want to stay in bed or sit in my chair and rot away. I'm trying to think about my kids and husband for motivation, but as terrible as this sounds, I shamefully admit that I'm too apathetic to even be motivated by them right now. I feel like lasting stability will never happen for me. Why keep trying? Why keep fighting so painfully hard? I'll always fall right back to this place. There's just no fucking use.
I'm sorry. I thought I was in a place that I could start a blog about hope and awareness, but I was dead wrong. I thought I could be a voice for people suffering, but I can't even whisper for myself.


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Rent New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U. S. Communism 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Michael E. Brown. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Monthly Review Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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Home > Places to Stay > Campgrounds > St. Croix Campground
St. Croix Campground
The campground includes 30 rustic sites. Camping is available on a first-come, first-served basis. Each site has a fire ring, picnic table and tent pad. Campers are welcome to gather wood from in and around the campground for their campfire use. A short quarter-mile hike will bring you to the beautiful St. Croix River. Nature enthusiasts can also enjoy the Wood River Interpretive Trail, a mile-long walk that overlooks the scenic Wood River.
Hours of Operation
Open 1st Friday of May through Oct 15th.
Located east of the St. Croix River on State Hwy. 70.
Natural Attractions Type
- Parks, Forests, Trails
Nature Trails
- Yes
Events: Near St. Croix Campground
Cushing Fire Dept. Venison Feed
11/12/2016 - Cushing - 14 miles away


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Concussions in Sports
When you think of sports that produce head injuries, you may immediately think of football, hockey, or boxing. To a certain extent, you are right! In fact, more than 250,000 head injuries occur in football alone each year. But head injuries can and do occur in sports, such as gymnastics, cycling, and even swimming, that are not considered contact sports. Although major head injuries (skull fracture or blood clot) get the most attention, minor head injuries should not be easily dismissed. It is important that we recognize the severity of these injuries and provide the proper treatment.
Determining the severity of head injuries
There are several grading systems used to classify a head injury. The most frequently used system is the Colorado Medical Society's Guidelines of the Management of Concussion in Sports. It provides the examiner with a way to evaluate the athlete's head injury and to determine when the athlete can safely return to competition.
Grade I
A Grade I concussion, or mild bruising of brain tissue, is the most common form of head injury. Unfortunately, it is also the most difficult to recognize. It is commonly known as "having your bell rung." Although there is no loss of consciousness, the athlete may briefly appear or act confused; however, he or she is able to remember all events following the impact.
The athlete should be removed from competition for at least 20 minutes and examined every 5 minutes to rule out the development of postconcussive symptoms. Symptoms include headache and dizziness and impaired orientation (knowing where you are, who you are, and what day it is), concentration, and memory.
Athletes with a Grade I concussion cannot return to competition until they show no symptoms of this injury while undergoing examinations, both at rest and with exertion. After returning to competition, athletes are watched carefully because they are susceptible to a second head injury. If a second head injury does occur, the athlete is removed from competition for the day.
An MRI or CT scan is recommended for any athlete who continues to complain of a headache or other symptoms that persist for a week after the initial injury. If a player sustains three Grade I concussions in a season, it is recommended that the player be removed from competition for the season and not be allowed to return to contact sports for at least 3 months. The athlete may only then return after showing no symptoms during exertional testing.
Grade II
The difference between a Grade II and a Grade I concussion is the presence of post-traumatic amnesia (loss of memory after the injury). After sustaining a Grade II concussion, an athlete does not remember events following the impact and may not be able to recall events that led up to the injury.
Athletes are removed from competition for the day after suffering a Grade II concussion. A complete neurologic (nervous system) examination of the athlete is performed immediately. If there are no neurologic symptoms, the athlete may be sent home provided that friends or family members are able to frequently check on the athlete over the next 24 hours. Otherwise, the athlete may be required to stay in a hospital for a 24-hour observation period.
The injured athlete is re-evaluated the following day and again in one week by a physician. If there are no symptoms after one week and no symptoms during testing (both at rest and with exertion), the athlete may return to practice or competition. If an athlete suffers a second Grade II concussion, he or she is removed from competition for a period of one month. An injured athlete may return to play only after exertional testing reveals no symptoms. If a third Grade II concussion occurs, the athlete is removed from competition for the season.
Grade III
Unlike a Grade I head injury, Grade III head injuries are easily recognized and apply to any athlete who loses consciousness for any period of time.
These athletes are examined on the field of play for neck injuries, and they are properly immobilized and taken to a hospital by an ambulance. Neurologic evaluation is done immediately. The athlete is kept in the hospital if any neurologic symptoms persist. If the neurologic exam is negative and the athlete's mental status is normal, the player can go home provided that he or she is not alone. Again, frequent checks must take place over the next 24 hours by friends or family members.
An athlete with a Grade III concussion may return to practice only after being symptom free for a period of two weeks. Before returning to action, the player must again be evaluated at rest and with exertion. If symptoms return, the athlete is removed from play for the season. If an athlete sustains two Grade III concussions or if an MRI or CT scan shows an abnormality, his or her playing season is ended, and a return to any contact sport in the future is discouraged.
P. Dean Cummings, M.D.
Columbus, Georgia


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Public Trust in Criminal Justice: A Review of the Research Literature in the United States
Ben Bradford
University of Oxford - Centre for Criminology
Jonathan Jackson
London School of Economics & Political Science - Department of Methodology
January 1, 2009
Bradford, B. and Jackson, J. (2009). 'Public Trust in Criminal Justice: A Review of the Research Literature in the United States', in Jokinen, A., Ruuskanen, E., Yordanova, M., Markov, D. and Ilcheva, M. (eds.), Review of Need: Indicators of Public Confidence in Criminal Justice for Policy Assessmen
This paper reviews the US research literature on trust in criminal justice. In the first section, the concept of trust and confidence is discussed. In the second section, the trajectory and distribution of trust in justice in the US is outlined. In the final section, different explanatory models of trust in justice are examined.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 18
Keywords: trust, police, legitimacy, confidence, justice
Date posted: March 29, 2009 ; Last revised: March 11, 2013
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Make this 3-Tier Platform Metallic Parade Float Kit the envy of everyone at the parade!
Create a fantastic patriotic 3-Tier Platform Metallic Parade Float with this customizable kit. Each 7 foot x 21 foot trailer bed kit includes the following items:
Please note: You will receive one color per material. Additional floral sheeting is available to create multiple colors as shown. The flags and building materials shown that were used to create the layered look are not included.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-227-2789).


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July 10, 2000
For a time, I had the choice of becoming "re-trained" by the state, or adapting my legs to my chosen career--automotive repair. I liked repairing cars, so now I would be "self-employed."
Toward the middle of that year, we had twins. This made Duvall the right place to raise our family and start a business. And now, because of Duvall's growth and politics, that livelihood is in jeopardy.
The City of Duvall has found itself again experiencing growing pains. "Poor planning," "bad foresight," and a general "state of confusion" are just a few comments heard from many of the residents that stay up with the local politics concerning this growth. (A grocery store that takes almost two years to build?)
Word has it that the sewage treatment plant in Duvall needs to expand again. So, where is the land to do this, you ask? Supposedly where my business resides.
Questions I have: What happens now since the city really wants this land? Would the city be our landlord? Is this possible? Or will we be asked to vacate the premises so a backhoe can find a parking space? Or, more than likely, will we be booted off the property to make way for sewage expansion? Is the last sewage expansion finished yet? How long will it take before we can start up in a new location in this town we call home? Is there even any commercial space here to do this? How much available land is zoned commercial/industrial in Duvall at this time? What will my family do without an income? And the biggest question is: Why can't we get a straight answer from anyone?
We are hanging here with all these questions and not knowing anything for sure. Either way, it looks like where we have been repairing vehicles of second-generation customers, where customers have become our friends, where friends have watched our children mature over the years, this working tax base will no longer be here. Instead, all the residents of Duvall will find will be ponds for the disposal of human waste.
My family and I, plus other families, have produced an income from this business over the years with which we have been able to live comfortably while adding to the real tax base for the city.
Now, eleven businesses seem to be getting the shaft in the name of "growth." Who owns a few of these businesses needs to be examined by the public. With the boom in housing, which a city can use but produces no real business tax base, the city now wants to remove one of the few sources of this type of tax-based income and replace it with city operations and projects that provide no tax base. And they call this planning?
John & Gail Petree, Duvall


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Marion Hargrove, the Army draftee from North Carolina who turned his misadventures in basic training into the humorous World War II bestseller "See Here, Private Hargrove," has died. He was 83.
Hargrove, a television and film writer whose credits include "Maverick" and "The Waltons" as well as the screen adaptation of Meredith Willson's "The Music Man," died of complications of pneumonia Saturday in a hospice in Long Beach, Calif.
The son of a railway mail clerk, Hargrove was a features writer and the editor of his high school newspaper.
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A married couple caught three people trying to break into their home in Longwood on Sunday afternoon, police said.
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Top Definition
A polite term for jizz, such as might be used by society folk at a tea party.
ayon kay cracky ika-01 ng Marso, 2003
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Noun: Spunk, jism, come baby gravy. There is actually a brand of anchovy paste in Britain called The Gentleman's Relish - Patum Peperium. Coincidentally, it's rather salty.
Do you like the taste of Gentleman's Relish, babe?
Don't know, never tried it.
Open wide. What's your name by the way?
Don't know, never tried it.
Open wide. What's your name by the way?
ayon kay McCririck's unlucky Laundress ika-12 ng Setyembre, 2005
male ejaculate
I finished jerkin off and had to clean up all of the gentlemans relish off of the wall
ayon kay Chips ika-19 ng Marso, 2004
Spunk, Semen, Jizz, Spoff, Spooge, Population Paste, Man Glue, Jostle Juice, Baby Gravy, Etc. Etc.
After a heavy night of masturbation, Jimmy woke to find a tissue, covered in Gentleman's Relish, stuck to the side of his face.
ayon kay fat b'stard ika-03 ng Hulyo, 2011
"Gentleman's Relish" (n), syn "duck butter". A smelly, warm, wet film comprised of sweat deposits, dead skin, water, pubic hairs and similar miscellaneous detritus that collects between the male scrotum and thigh.
Jane could smell Dick's gentleman's relish a mile away.
ayon kay Chet von Wilkinson ika-29 ng Nobyembre, 2006
The soft, slightly cheesy material found underneath the foreskin of the penis; smegma
"Pass me a Q-tip so I can clean out the gentleman's relish from beneath my foreskin...."
ayon kay Politically Incorrect Schmuck ika-12 ng Hunyo, 2006


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Susan Thistlethwaite says a comprehensive U.S. approach to religious freedom is indispensible to effectively engage the forces unleashed in the Arab Spring.
Recent upheaval in the Middle East makes it ever more urgent to integrate a better grasp of religious freedom into our approach to the region, writes Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite.
Rev. Dr. Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite explains why we need a new social gospel in The Washington Post's "On Faith" blog.
Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite explores some of the key U.S. policy lessons from the nonviolent democracy demonstrations across the Arab world.
Report Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite and Marta Cook highlight the efforts of faith communities and LGBT advocates in Tennessee.
Susan Thistlethwaite argues in The Washington Post that Internet access should be a basic human right.
Report In order to achieve human rights and equality for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people in Michigan, both the faith and LGBT communities need to more fully understand each other and work together, write Sally Steenland and Susan Thistlethwaite.
Power is no longer concentrated in global elites and institutions, observe Brian Katulis and Susan Thistlethwaite. The U.S. government needs to fully grasp this transformation.
Susan Thistlethwaite and Eleni Towns provide insights into the "real Islam" from participants in CAP's Young Muslim American Voices Project.
Susan Thistlethwaite discusses the faith activism campaign to challenge hate rhetoric directed at those who champion social justice.
Susan Thistlethwaite examines whether the "peace jirga" in Kabul could replicate other successful efforts in nations.
CAP Senior Fellow Susan Thistlethwaite interviews USAID's Afeefa Syeed on her agency's effort to make development more effective and culturally sensitive.
Interfaith communities are carrying on the tradition of faith-based opposition to nuclear weapons, says Susan Thistlethwaite. Now they need to take the next step.
Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite interviews Christian evangelical Tyler Wigg-Stevenson about his project to eliminate nuclear weapons.
President Obama broke with traditional Just War thinking in his Nobel prize acceptance speech, and so far almost no one seems to have noticed.


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Corporate Social Performance, Stakeholder Coalitions, Corporate Governance and Performance
Punit Arora
Syracuse University
Milena T. Petrova
Bocconi University
June 2009
We examine the relationship between investment in different corporate social domains, corporate governance and firm performance. We demonstrate that policies with respect to different corporate social performance domains are related differently to financial performance. Our results indicate that proactive policies with respect to employees and diversity are the policies most strongly related to firm's financial performance. In addition, we show that simultaneous employee and environment policies help firms further improve their financial performance We also reveal that certain corporate social policies can reduce the negative impact of anti-takeover protection measures and chairman duality. These results are important since they imply that corporate governance and social performance cannot be studied in isolation.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 46
Keywords: corporate social performance, corporate governance, financial performance
JEL Classification: G34
Date posted: March 19, 2009 ; Last revised: April 6, 2016
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Great Decor in a Flash Without a Lot of Cash
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Velvet Paper Wall Decor
By: Jen Matott for Faber-Castell
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Try out some cool DIY projects by diversifying your materials. This Velvet Paper Wall Decor project from Faber-Castell is a great way to introduce new media into your do-it-yourself projects. It's fast and simple. Home craft ideas don't have to be boring, as this project will show you. Read on to learn how to add a little eye-candy to your everyday. The only challenge will be figuring out where to hang up your work of art.
- 4ct Metallic Gelatos
- Gold & Silver Gelatos
- White Gelato
- Mister
- Stencil
- Black velvet paper
Use a black velvet paper and Faber-Castell Design Memory Craft's Gelatos and Metallic Gelatos to create this journal page.
This bird shape is cut out of a printable shipping label that has adhesive on the back. It allows you to stick it on the velvet and color over and around it without holding it or worrying about it shifting.
Use Metallic Gelatos and the White Gelato to create a very vibrant and rich look. The Metallics vibrate on the surface and are so soft and brilliant. Once you finish random marks, add a circle stencil (sequin waste) and rub the Gelatos through it with your finger.
Here's a close up of the dots once you remove the mask sticker. You can see the contrast between the black velvet and the metallic colors.
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A Carson teenager who allegedly burglarized unlocked cars in east Carson City voluntarily sought out investigators Wednesday. The 17-year-old male allegedly burglarized unlocked vehicles in the areas of Sonoma Street and Kitchen Drive and Van Epps Drive, according to the Carson City Sheriff's Office. A family member saw the youth's picture in Tuesday's Nevada Appeal and confronted him.The youth told investigators he was "just bored" when he had burglarized the vehicles during the weekend of Nov. 2-4. He was "very cooperative," according to the sheriff's office.The case remains under investigation, upon completion the sheriff's office will turn the case over the district attorney's office for possible charges. People in that area who have had their cars burglarized recently can call the investigators at 775-283-7851.
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November 9, 2012
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Multistate E. coli outbreak leads to meat recall
A Rockhurst soccer player shows off a special move that's helped his team.
A Rockhurst, Missouri, soccer player shows off a special move that's helped his team.
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Two children and a teacher were shot by a gunman at an elementary school in Townville, South Carolina, a spokesman for Anderson County Emergency Management told reporters Wednesday afternoon.
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Journal of Colloid And Interface Science (v.316, #1)
Editorial Board (OFC).
Network structure of collagen layers absorbed on LB film by Qibin Chen; Shouhong Xu; Rong Li; Xiaodong Liang; Honglai Liu (1-9).
Elucidating the assembly mechanism of the collagen at interfaces is important. In this work, the structures of type I collagen molecules adsorbed on bare mica and on LB films of propanediyl-bis(dimethyloctadecylammonium bromide) transferred onto mica at zero surface pressure was characterized by AFM. On mica, the granular morphologies randomly distributed as elongated structures were observed, which were resulted from the interlacement of the adsorbed collagen molecules. On the LB films, the topographical evolution of the adsorbed collagen layers upon the increasing adsorption time was investigated. After 30 s, the collagen assembled into network-like structure composed of the interwoven fibrils, called as the first adlayer, which was attributed to its adsorption on the LB film by means of a limited number of contact points followed by the lateral association. One minute later, the second adlayer was observed on the top of the first adlayer. Up to 5 min, collagen layers, formed by inter-twisted fibrils, were observed. Under the same conditions after 1 min adsorption on LB film, the AFM image of the layer obtained in the diluted hydrochloric acid solution is analogous to the result of the sample dried in air, indicating that it is the LB film that leads to the formation of the network structure of collagen and the formation of the network structures of collagen layers is tentatively ascribed to the self-assembly of type I collagen molecules on LB film, not to the dewetting of the collagen solution during drying.After the adsorption of 30 s in the diluted collagen acidic solution, the hole-like structures with the diameter of several hundred nm could be observed, as shown in figure, occasionally. The height of the patterns in the holes, indicated by the arrows, is approximately 0.4 nm and the height of the network structure varies from 1.4 to 2.9 nm, while the rims of the hole-like structures are ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 nm higher compared to the network structure.
Keywords: Collagen; Gemini surfactant; LB film; Adsorption; Interface;
Adsorption behavior, thermodynamics, and mechanism of phenol on polymeric adsorbents with amide group in cyclohexane by Jianhan Huang; Yun Zhou; Kelong Huang; Suqin Liu; Qiong Luo; Mancai Xu (10-18).
Macroporous cross-linked poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylacetamide) (PMVBA), poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylcaprolactam) (PMVBC), and poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylurea) (PMVBU) were synthesized and their adsorption behavior for phenol in cyclohexane was investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption capacities of phenol on the three adsorbents followed the order PMVBU > PMVBA > PMVBC. Adsorption isotherms of phenol on the three polymeric adsorbents were measured and correlated to a Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption enthalpy, adsorption Gibbs free energy, and adsorption entropy were calculated using thermodynamic function relationships. It was found that the adsorption enthalpy of phenol on PMVBU was almost twice that on PMVBA and PMVBC. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism suggested that hydrogen bonding was the primary driving force for phenol adsorbed on the adsorbents in cyclohexane, and multiple hydrogen bonding was involved for PMVBU with phenol.Adsorption isotherms of phenol on PMVBA (a), PMVBC (b), and PMVBU (c) adsorbents in cyclohexane at five different temperatures: 288, 294, 300, 307, and 313 K.
Keywords: Polymeric adsorbents; Phenol; Adsorption; Hydrogen bonding;
Investigation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid from a new surface-enhanced Raman scattering system by Xiaomiao Hou; Yan Fang (19-24).
In this paper, we developed a new kind of substrate, silver-coated indium tin oxide (ITO), to investigate the character of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA). Homogeneous Ag-coated ITO substrate was obtained by decomposing AgNO3 on the surface of ITO. A SERS spectrum of very good quality of "silver nanoparticles/PHBA/silver-coated ITO" was reported by adding PHBA aqueous solution and silver colloid onto the surface of silver-coated ITO repeatedly. PHBA molecules absorbed onto the surface of the silver nanoparticles through ionized carboxyl, and the PHBA molecules tended to tilt on the surface in this system. The rich information obtained from the silver nanoparticles/PHBA/silver-coated ITO system indicates that this is a highly SERS-active system. Not only was the number of the vibrational modes increased, but also were the frequencies of Raman bands shifted. The two SERS mechanisms, the "electromagnetic" and "chemical" mechanism, were mainly responsible for the experimental results. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticles modified on the silver-coated ITO surface play an important role in magnifying the surface local electric field near the silver film surface through resonant surface plasmon excitation.The FT-Raman spectrum of solid PHBA (a), the FT-SERS spectrum of PHBA on the silver-coated ITO (b), on the silver-coated filter paper (c), and in the silver nanoparticles/PHBA/silver-coated ITO system (d).
Keywords: SERS; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA); Adsorption behavior; Silver nanoparticles/PHBA/silver-coated ITO system;
Interfacial tension studies of crown ethers at air/water and hexane/water interfaces by Saeid Azizian; Kaoru Kashimoto; Takashi Matsuda; Hiroki Matsubara; Takanori Takiue; Makoto Aratono (25-30).
The adsorption of phase transfer catalysts, 18-crown-6 and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, at the air/water and the hexane/water interfaces were investigated. Interfacial tension σ decreased by increasing concentrations of these compounds and therefore both of these crown ethers are accumulated at interfaces. The variation of σ with concentration for both compounds follows the Szyszkowski equation very well, from which the values of saturated surface densities and interaction parameters have been evaluated. On the basis of occupied surface area of each molecule, the orientation of each of molecules at the air/water and the hexane/water interfaces have been proposed. The present results show that dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 has the higher tendency not only to dissolve into the hexane phase but also to adsorb at the hexane/water interface than 18-crown-6 and that the Starks extraction mechanism was suggested for the present phase transfer catalysis systems.
Keywords: Interfacial tension; Crown ether; Phase transfer catalysis; Hexane/water interface;
From simple amphiphilic to surfactant behavior: Analysis of 1H NMR chemical shift variations by Cristiano Andrade-Dias; Sérgio Lima; José J.C. Teixeira-Dias (31-36).
Analysis of the 1H NMR chemical shift variations for the methyl protons of sodium decanoate and decanoic acid in D2O solutions using reduced variables is consonant with a narrow distribution of sizes about the mean aggregation number for decanoate ion micelles, in contrast with decanoic acid polydisperse aggregates which increase their size with concentration, until phase separation is reached. At defined temperatures between 10 and 50 °C, the chemical shift coefficients for the methyl group protons exhibit a negative temperature slope (shielding) for decanoate ion micelles and a positive temperature slope (deshielding) for decanoic acid aggregates. These results suggest that an increase of temperature improves the mobility of the decanoate ion chains in the micelles, thus inducing the methyl groups of the decanoate ion micelles to spend more time near the micelle–water interfaces. In turn, the size of polydisperse decanoic acid aggregates increases with temperature.
Keywords: Sodium decanoate; Decanoic acid; 1H NMR; Chemical shift; Temperature variation; Aggregate; Micelle; Polydisperse;
On relationships between surfactant type and globular proteins interactions in solution by Elena Blanco; Juan M. Ruso; Gerardo Prieto; Félix Sarmiento (37-42).
The binding of sodium perfluorooctanoate (C8FONa), sodium octanoate (C8HONa), lithium perfluorooctanoate (C8FOLi), and sodium dodecanoate (C12HONa) onto myoglobin, ovalbumin, and catalase in water has been characterized using electrophoretic mobility. The tendency of the protein–surfactant complexes to change their charge in the order catalase < ovalbumin < myoglobin was observed which was related to the contents of α-helices in the proteins. α-Helices are more hydrophobic than β-sheets. The effect of surfactant on the zeta potentials follows C8HONa < C8FONa < C8FOLi < C12HONa for catalase and ovalbumin; and C8HONa < C8FOLi < C8FONa < C12HONa for myoglobin. The numbers of binding sites on the proteins were determined from the observed increases of the zeta-potential as a function of surfactant concentration in the regions where the binding was a consequence of the hydrophobic effect. The Gibbs energies of binding of the surfactants onto the proteins were evaluated. For all systems, Gibbs energies are negative and large at low concentrations (where binding to the high energy sites takes place) and become less negative at higher ones. This fact suggests a saturation process. Changes in Gibbs energies with the different proteins and surfactants under study have been found to follow same sequence than that found for the charge. The role of hydrophobic interactions in these systems has been demonstrated to be the predominant.
Keywords: Protein; Ligand; Hydrophobic interactions; Fluorosurfactants; Zeta potential;
Enhancement of gemcitabine affinity for biomembranes by conjugation with squalene: Differential scanning calorimetry and Langmuir–Blodgett studies using biomembrane models by Francesco Castelli; Maria Grazia Sarpietro; Dorotea Micieli; Barbara Stella; Flavio Rocco; Luigi Cattel (43-52).
Molecular interactions between gemcitabine, alone or conjugated with squalene to form the gem-squalene prodrug, with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Langmuir film balance techniques to gain information about the interaction of gemcitabine and its prodrug with mammalian cell membranes and to evaluate the potential of liposomes as a delivery system for gemcitabine prodrugs. Phospholipids assembled as multilamellar vesicles or monolayers (at the air water interface) have been used as biomembrane models. Different interactions of gemcitabine, its prodrug, and squalene with the lipid were detected by dispersing the compounds in the MLV and were compared with kinetic experiments carried out to consider the ability of the examined compounds to dissolve in an aqueous medium, to migrate through it, and to be captured by multilamellar vesicles. Their ability to be released from drug-loaded liposomes and be taken up by empty vesicles mimicking biomembranes was also considered. Analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry curves reveals that gemcitabine has very little interaction with multilamellar vesicles whereas the gem-squalene prodrug strongly interacts with multilamellar vesicles. The kinetic experiments suggest that an aqueous medium does not permit the prodrug uptake by the biomembrane models, whereas it is allowed when gem-squalene is gradually released by the liposomes. The molecular area/surface pressure isotherms of the gemcitabine/lipid, gem-squalene/lipid, and pure compound monolayers, in agreement with the calorimetric results, indicate that gem-squalene interacts with the phospholipid monolayer with the squalene moiety in contact with the phospholipid chains and gemcitabine protruding in the aqueous medium.A prodrug of gemcitabine was synthesized by linking its 4-amino group with squalene and its interaction with biomembrane models studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques.
Keywords: Gemcitabine; Lipophilic gemcitabine derivative; Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Langmuir–Blodgett; Differential scanning calorimetry; Biomembrane models;
A general method to synthesis of amphiphilic colloidal nanoparticles of CdS and noble metals by Guanwei Wei; Fei Wen; Xu Zhang; Wangqing Zhang; Xiaowei Jiang; Peiwen Zheng; Linqi Shi (53-58).
Amphiphilic colloids of CdS and noble metal nanoparticles, which can be dispersed both in water and organic solvents such as ethanol, N , N -dimethylformamide, chloroform, and toluene, are studied. The amphiphilic colloidal nanoparticles are synthesized by grafting the amphiphilic and thermoresponsive polymer of thiol-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to CdS and noble metal nanoparticles. The size and morphology of the PNIPAM-grafted colloidal nanoparticles of CdS@PNIPAM can be tuned by changing the molar ratio of PNIPAM/CdS. The size of CdS@PNIPAM nanoparticles slightly decreases first from 5.5 to 4.4 nm then slightly increases from 4.4 to 6.1 nm with the decrease in the molar ratio from 1/1 to 1/10. Spherical nanoparticles of CdS@PNIPAM are synthesized at a higher molar ratio and worm-like nanoparticles are obtained at a lower molar ratio. The resultant PNIPAM-grafted colloidal nanoparticles of CdS@PNIPAM, Au@PNIPAM, Pd@PNIPAM, and Ag@PNIPAM are thermoresponsive in water and show a cloud-point temperature at about 32.5 °C.Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is grafted to CdS and noble metals nanoparticles to synthesize amphibious colloids which can be homogeneously dispersed both in aqueous and organic milieu. The resultant colloids are thermoresponsive in water.
Keywords: Amphiphilic; CdS; Colloidal nanoparticles; Graft; Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide);
A study of oil droplet coalescence by T.K. Boyson; R.M. Pashley (59-65).
Oil droplets dispersed in water can be readily studied when they are coated with surfactants, which lower their interfacial tension and enhance their stability. Pure oil droplets are more difficult to study because of their high interfacial tension, which facilitates coalescence and the adsorption of contaminants. In this study, we have characterised the surface charging properties of a water insoluble oil, bromododecane, which has a density close to water. The small density difference allows us to study relatively large drops of this oil and to analyse its coalescence behaviour. The results obtained with this simple, surfactant-free, system suggest that an additional attractive force, such as the long range hydrophobic interaction, might be required to explain oil droplet coalescence behaviour.The surface charging properties of a water insoluble oil, bromododecane, which has a density close to water, allows us to predict its coalescence behaviour.
Keywords: Dispersion; Coalescence; Emulsion;
Chemical and heating treatments of ionic monolayer-protected clusters (IMPCs) with different surface counter anions by Hosun Choo; Steven R. Isaacs; Adam Small; Seth Parmley; Young-Seok Shon (66-71).
This paper shows an in-depth study on the chemical and thermal responses of two ionic monolayer-protected gold clusters (Oct4N+−Br- and Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs). Two IMPCs displayed completely different phase-transfer behaviors when the solutions were in contact with the aqueous solution containing N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (tiopronin). Not Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs but Oct4N+−Br-IMPCs experienced a facile phase transfer from the organic layer to the aqueous layer, which was resulted from the displacement of ionic ligands by tiopronin monolayers on the gold nanoparticle surface. When the toluene solution containing Oct4N+−Br-IMPCs was treated with the aqueous solution containing NaCl salts, the UV–vis spectrum of the solution containing Oct4N+−Br-IMPCs undertook a fast spectral evolution caused by decomposition/agglomeration of IMPCs. In contrast, Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs exhibited much higher stability against the NaCl treatments. The Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs also displayed a superior thermal stability at relatively high temperature of ∼ 110 ° C . Core size evolutions of Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs without a fast decomposition or aggregation of clusters were also observed during solid-state heating treatments at ∼150 and ∼ 200 ° C . These results support that the presence of different anions clearly affect the overall stability of ionic nanoparticles. The stronger binding property of thiosulfate anions compared to bromide anions with gold nanoparticle surfaces makes Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs chemically more inert and thermally more stable.The stronger binding property of thiosulfate anions compared to bromide anions with gold nanoparticle surfaces makes Oct4N+−O3SS-IMPCs chemically more inert and thermally more stable.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; Monolayers; Ionic ligands; Chemical stability; Thermal stability;
Synthesis and characterisation of clay-supported titania photocatalysts by Lisa M. Daniel; Ray L. Frost; Huai Yong Zhu (72-79).
This study examines the use of LAPONITE®, a synthetic smectite, which forms exfoliated silicate layers when dispersed in water, as an inorganic support for titania nanocrystals. Titania nanocrystals are prepared prior to addition to the clay dispersion, by a sol–gel synthesis incorporating a microwave hydrothermal step. The characteristics of the resultant structure such as titania phase, crystallite size, and particulate size are examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), and infrared spectroscopy.
Keywords: Titania; Photocatalyst; LAPONITE®; Colloid; Surfactant; Hydrothermal treatment;
Effect of UV and visible light on photocatalytic reduction of lead and cadmium over titania based binary oxide materials by T. Mishra; J. Hait; Noor Aman; R.K. Jana; S. Chakravarty (80-84).
Uniform sized silica and zirconia mixed titania samples were prepared in presence of a surfactant (CETAB) using controlled hydrolysis of corresponding metal alkoxides. Photocatalytic activity towards reduction of lead and cadmium metal in aqueous solution was evaluated both in UV and visible light in a 100 ml capacity reactor. In particular mixing of 10 wt% silica with titania not only increases the surface area of the material but also increases the photocatalytic activity in UV light. Whereas mixing of zirconia with titania proved to be beneficial for visible light reaction. However, addition of hole scavenger increases the activity many folds and complete removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was possible in 60 min of reaction using synthesized catalysts. Among all the organic hole scavengers used, sodium formate is found to be the most active one. Interestingly quite high metal removal (89%) is also observed in presence of visible light within 60 min of reaction. Thus the above study indicates that the presence of certain oxides in low quantity (10 wt%) with titania can facilitates the photocatalytic process selectively in UV as well as visible light.Both UV and visible light mediated complete photocatalytic removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ (100 ppm) over uniform sized binary oxide materials.
Keywords: Titania mixed oxide; Photoreduction; Lead; Cadmium; UV/visible light;
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 with the surface area, crystallite size, and pore size by Dong Suk Kim; Shin Jung Han; Seung-Yeop Kwak (85-91).
Mesoporous TiO2 materials with various pore-size distributions were synthesized by using diblock copolymers via a sol–gel process in aqueous solution. The properties of these materials were characterized by FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, DRS, BET, and BJH analysis. All particles have spherical morphology with a diameter range of 1–3 μm. The mesoporous TiO2 materials calcined at 400 °C were found to have different specific surface areas—186, 210, and 192 m2 g−1—and average pore sizes depending on the type of diblock copolymer—5.1, 6.1, and 6.4 nm—and their crystallite sizes were found to be 8.1, 8.3, and 8.8 nm. The photocatalytic activity of each sample was investigated by measuring the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB), and the small crystallite size, large surface area, and small pore size were found to exhibit better photocatalytic activities. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of all the mesoporous TiO2 materials were found to be better than that of commercial TiO2.Various crystallite sizes, surface areas, and pore sizes of mesoporous TiO2 materials were synthesized from diblock copolymers via a sol–gel process in aqueous solution. The mesoporous TiO2 materials with small crystallite sizes, large surface areas, and small pore sizes were found to exhibit better photocatalytic activities. In addition, they show better photocatalytic activity compared to commercial TiO2.
Keywords: Mesoporous TiO2; Photocatalytic activity; Calcination temperature; Pore size; Porous structure;
Introducing interacting diffuse layers in TLM calculations: A reappraisal of the influence of the pore size on the swelling pressure and the osmotic efficiency of compacted bentonites by J. Gonçalvès; P. Rousseau-Gueutin; A. Revil (92-99).
The truncation of the Gouy–Chapman diffuse part in compacted clay-rocks and bentonite is introduced into the electrical triple-layer model (TLM) recently developed by P. Leroy and A. Revil [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 270 (2004) 371]. The new model is used to explain the dependence of the osmotic efficiency and the swelling pressure as functions of the mean pore size of the medium, determined from the porosity and the specific surface. The truncation of the diffuse layer introduces a new variable in the system of equations to be solved, the electrical potential at the midplane between adjacent charged surfaces. This new variable is evaluated through a Taylor expansion of the electrical potential. The present model is able to capture the variation of the osmotic efficiency and the swelling pressure with the mean pore size. The partition of counterions between the Stern layer and the diffuse layer as a function of the pore size calculated by the TLM also shows a good consistency with the model. This implies that more than 90% of the counterions are located in the Stern layer.Sketch of the electrical triple-layer model at clay surface with two alternative cases: the infinitely developed diffuse layer and the truncated diffuse layer accounted for in the present paper.
Keywords: Triple-layer model; Truncation; Pore size; Osmotic efficiency; Swelling pressure;
A photoluminescent switch based on the hybrid organized molecular films of decatungsteuropate and some amphiphiles by Min Jiang; Minghua Liu (100-106).
Hybrid organized molecular films composed of a polyoxometalate, decatungsteuropate (EuW10), and amphiphiles such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), n-octadecylamine (ODA) and 4-hexadecylaniline (HDA) were fabricated by Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique and their photoluminescent properties were investigated. The hybrid films, which were formed through in situ complex formation at the air/water interface and subsequently transferred onto the solid substrate, were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, fluorescence, and AFM measurements. The transferred hybrid films showed red emission characteristic of the Eu(III) ion upon UV irradiation. The photoluminescence of the hybrid films was sensitive to the acid and base gases. When ODA/EuW10 and HDA/EuW10 hybrid films were exposed to HCl gas, their photoluminescence disappeared completely. Interestingly, the photoluminescence was recovered upon subsequent exposing the same film to NH3 gas. Such process could be repeated many times and a switch based on these hybrid films was proposed. On the other hand, the photoluminescent intensity of CTAB/EuW10 film decreased but never disappeared upon exposing to HCl gas. Similarly, the photoluminescence could also be partially recovered upon exposing to NH3 gas. Detailed investigation on the spectral changes of the films revealed that the interaction between EuW10 and CTAB and was different from EuW10 with ODA or HDA, and protonation of amine group in ODA or HDA induced by HCl gas played an important role in realizing the "on" and "off" photoluminescence switch of the hybrid films.Hybrid organized molecular films containing decatungsteuropate are constructed by LB technique. The hybrid films showed switch-able fluorescence, which could be wiped out by HCl gas and recovered in NH3 gas atmosphere. Protonation of the amine group in amphiphiles was found to play an important role in the luminescent switch.
Keywords: Polyoxometalate; Langmuir–Blodgett films; Photoluminescence; Switch;
The influence of the size of the hydrophilic group on the miscibility of zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants in mixed monolayers and micelles by Paweł Wydro (107-113).
The aim of this work was to study the surface properties of nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants (namely dodecyl-β-D-glucoside—DG, dodecyl-β-D-maltoside—DM, and dodecylsulfobetaine—DSB) and the miscibility of these compounds in mixed monolayers and micelles. A thermodynamic description of the interactions between surfactants in the mixed aggregates was provided by the Motomura theory. The obtained results indicate that the investigated compounds mix nonideally both in the mixed adsorbed layers and in micelles. The calculated values of the excess free energies of mixing prove that the interactions between molecules, in the mixed monolayers and micelles, are more attractive or less repulsive than those in the respective one-component aggregates. However, the values of the excess free energy of the components mixing in the monolayers and micelles are more negative for the DSB/DG system than for the DSB/DM system. This indicates that the investigated zwitterionic surfactant interacts more strongly with DG than with DM. This results from the difference in the size of the polar heads of nonionic surfactants.
Keywords: Nonionic surfactants; Zwitterionic surfactants; Mixed monolayers; Mixed micelles; Excess free energy of mixing;
IGC studies of binary cationic surfactant mixtures by S.M. Bardavid; P.C. Schulz; E.L. Arancibia (114-119).
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) has been used to measure the interaction parameter between two twin-tailed cationic surfactants. Didodecyldimethylammonium (DDAB) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODAB) bromides and their mixtures were used as stationary phases. IGC and DSC techniques have been used for the determination of the temperature zone of working. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution (on a mole fraction basis) were calculated for eleven probe solutes on each pure surfactant column. Values of interaction parameter between surfactants obtained at four weight fractions of the mixtures and at five temperatures are positive and suggested that the interactions is more unfavourable with the increment of DODAB concentration in the mixture. The results are interpreted on the basis of partial miscibility between DDAB and DODAB.Interaction parameters between DDAB and DODAB as a function of weight fraction of DDAB at different temperatures.
Keywords: Cationic surfactant mixtures; IGC; DSC; Interaction parameters;
Counterion and composition effects on discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals by Rodrigo Montecinos; Hernán Ahumada; Víctor E. Bahamonde-Padilla; Andrés F. Olea; Boris E. Weiss-López (120-125).
The static fluorescence quenching of pyrene by bromide, at the interface of mixed TTAC/TTAB discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals, allowed an estimation of the equilibrium constant for the exchange of chloride by bromide. The affinity of the interface for bromide is much higher than for chloride ( K Br − / Cl − = 13.2 ) . For a molecular level understanding of the experimental results of this and the preceding paper, 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were calculated for samples with TTAB/TTAC molar percent ratios 100/0 (A), 50/50 (B) and 0/100 (C). The increment in the concentration of chloride induces a wider distribution of ammonium headgroups along the axis normal to the bilayer surface, increasing the width of the interface. The charge density profile of simulation B shows that the concentration of bromide is higher than the concentration of chloride in the vicinity the ammonium headgroups. The short range contribution to the electrostatic energy from the ammonium–ammonium repulsion is 291.7 kJ/mol for TTAC and 195.6 kJ/mol for TTAB, and the short range ammonium–halide interaction is − 6166 kJ / mol for TTAC and − 6607 kJ / mol for TTAB, from simulations A and C, respectively. These results are in agreement with a more neutralized TTAB interface. Consistently, the electric dipole moments of water are significantly more aligned with the larger electric field of the TTAB interface.
Keywords: Counterion exchange equilibrium constant; Dissociation degree; Discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystal; Molecular dynamics;
Counterion and composition effects on discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals by Rodrigo Montecinos; Hernán Ahumada; Ramiro Araya-Maturana; Andrés F. Olea; Boris E. Weiss-López (126-131).
Counterion and composition effects on the size and interface dynamics of discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals made of tetradecyltrimethylammonium halide (TTAX)–decanol (DeOH)–water–NaX, with X = Cl− and Br−, were investigated using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopies. The dynamics of the interface was examined by measuring deuterium quadrupole splittings from HDO (0.1% D2O in H2O) and 1,1-dideuterodecanol (20% 1,1-dideuterodecanol in DeOH) in 27 samples of each liquid crystal. Aggregation numbers, N D , from 15 samples of each mesophase were obtained using the fluorescence of pyrene quenched by hexadecylpyridinium chloride. N D of TTAB and TTAC are about 230 ± 30 and 300 ± 20 , respectively. N D of TTAC increases with increasing concentration of all mesophase components, whereas TTAB shows no correlation between size and composition. The dimension of these aggregates prevents the occurrence of undulations, previously observed in lamellar phases. The quadrupole splitting of decanol-d2 in TTAC is about 5 kHz smaller than in TTAB, and the splitting of HDO is observed only in TTAB. All results are consistent with a more dynamic TTAC interface. The TTAC aggregate should be more dissociated from counterions and the excess ammonium–ammonium electrostatic repulsions contribute to increase the mobility of the interface components.
Keywords: Interface dynamics; Aggregation number and composition; Discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystal;
Vesicle–micelle transition in aqueous mixtures of the cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants by Fernanda Rosa Alves; Maria Elisabete D. Zaniquelli; Watson Loh; Elisabete M.S. Castanheira; M. Elisabete C.D. Real Oliveira; Eloi Feitosa (132-139).
The vesicle–micelle transition in aqueous mixtures of dioctadecyldimethylammonium and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DODAB and C18TAB) cationic surfactants, having respectively double and single chain, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), steady-state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and surface tension. The experiments performed at constant total surfactant concentration, up to 1.0 mM, reveal that these homologous surfactants mix together to form mixed vesicles and/or micelles, depending on the relative amount of the surfactants. The melting temperature T m of the mixed DODAB–C18TAB vesicles is larger than that for the neat DODAB in water owing to the incorporation of C18TAB in the vesicle bilayer. The surface tension decreases sigmoidally with C18TAB concentration and the inflection point lies around x DODAB ≈ 0.4 , indicating the onset of micelle formation owing to saturation of DODAB vesicles by C18TAB molecules. When x DODAB > 0.5 C18TAB molecules are mainly solubilised by the vesicles, but when x DODAB < 0.25 micelles are dominant. Fluorescence data of the Nile Red probe incorporated in the system at different surfactant molar fractions indicate the formation of micelle and vesicle structures. These structures have apparent hydrodynamic radius R H of about 180 and 500–800 nm, respectively, as obtained by DLS measurements.
Keywords: DODAB; C18TAB; Surfactant; DSC; Tensiometry; Light scattering; Melting temperature; Nile Red; Steady-state fluorescence;
Influence of the Stern layer on electrokinetic phenomena in porous media by A.K. Gupta; D. Coelho; P.M. Adler (140-159).
The Stern layer has been included in the description of electrolytes in a charged porous medium, with possibly large zeta potentials. The surface charge density, the conductivity, and the electroosmotic coupling coefficient are calculated for various porous structures and various physico-chemical conditions. The saturation of the Stern layer is analyzed, as well as its consequences for the macroscopic properties of the medium. The discontinuous character of the solid interface has an important influence on the macroscopic conductivity and the electroosmotic coefficient.The dimensionless conductivity σ ′ depends on the discontinuous character of the solid interface. Data are for arrays of nontouching (a) and touching (b) spheres for various p K + : no Stern layer (—); p K + = − 1 (⧫), 0 (+), and 2 (×).
Keywords: Stern layer; Charge densities; Zeta potential; Electroosmosis; Surface conduction; Conductivity;
Sol–gel synthesis and morphological control of nanocrystalline TiO2 via urea treatment by Li-Heng Kao; Tzu-Chien Hsu; Hong-Yang Lu (160-167).
Nanocrystalline TiO2 rods and hollow tubes with an engraved pattern on the surface have been prepared by a novel anionic template-assisted sol–gel synthesis via urea treatment and under hydrothermal condition. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results indicate that these nanocrystallines consist predominantly of anatase TiO2, with minor amounts of rutile and brookite. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses reveal these rods and hollow tubes may result from the aggregates of nanorods of ∼10 nm in diameter. The crystallographic faceting found from TEM further reveals the polymorphic nature of the nanocrystalline TiO2 thus prepared. A "reverse micelle" formation mechanism taking into account the hydrothermal temperature, the pH effect of the sol–gel system, the isoelectric point, the formation of micelles, and the electrostatic interaction between the anionic surfactant and the growing TiO2 particulates is proposed to illustrate the competition between the physical micelle assembly of the ionic surfactants and the chemical hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the Ti precursors.Formation of nanocrystalline TiO2 rods and hallow tubes is favorable at lower temperatures when the pH value is below IEP of TiO2 (path I); while higher temperatures encourage the formation of a tabular structure of TiO2 (path II).
Keywords: Nanocrystalline TiO2; Anionic template-assisted; Sol–gel; Urea; Hydrothermal; Reverse micelle; Isoelectric point; pH effect;
Fabrication of photonic crystals with nigrosine-doped poly(MMA-co-DVB-co-MAA) particles by Shuai Zhang; Xiang-Wei Zhao; Hua Xu; Rong Zhu; Zhong-Ze Gu (168-174).
A convenient approach was developed to fabricate monodisperse nigrosine-doped poly(methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) nanoparticles with different cross-linkage by soap-free emulsion polymerization at boiling status and swelling process. The dye-doped nanoparticles were used for the fabrication of colloidal crystal films and beads. It was found that nigrosine dye in the nanoparticles can efficiently depress the light scattering inside the colloidal crystal films and eliminate the iridescent effect in the photonic beads. These results make the colloidal crystals useful in photonic paper, bioassay, and so on.The bright-field microscopic pictures of photonic beads in methyl silicone oil fabricated by colloidal spheres (G) with and (H) without nigrosine.
Keywords: Colloidal crystal; Structure color; Colloid;
Multi-faceted titanium glycolate and titania structures from room-temperature polyol process by Hyung Kyun Yu; Tai Hee Eun; Gi-Ra Yi; Seung-Man Yang (175-182).
Multi-faceted microstructures of titanium glycolate have been produced by room-temperature polyol process in which titanium alkoxide and polymethylene glycol were mixed rigorously and then the mixture was aged to settle down as white precipitate. Depending on types of titanium alkoxides and polymethylene glycols, stirring time, and composition, a variety of polygonal microrods were generated. Unlike unidentified structures produced from polyol process at elevated temperature, the titanium glycolate products obtained at room temperature revealed well-defined rod-like or plate-like structures with polygonal cross sections. Then, as-prepared titanium glycolate microstructures were transformed into higher refractive index titania of anatase or rutile phase by annealing. The characterization of as-prepared and annealed structures was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopes, X-ray diffractomer, and thermal analyzer for thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.Multi-faceted microstructures of titanium glycolate and titania have been produced from room-temperature polyol process. The resulting titanium based products revealed well-defined rod-like or plate-like structures with polygonal cross sections.
Keywords: Titania; Polyol process; Microrods; 1-D structures;
Solution synthesis of magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate nanobelts using sparingly soluble carbonate salts as supersaturation control agents by Zhengzhi Zhou; Yulin Deng (183-188).
Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH, 5Mg(OH)2⋅MgSO4⋅3H2O) nanobelts were synthesized under the conditions of ambient pressure and boiling temperature (∼101 °C). Several sparingly soluble carbonate salts were selected based on the hypothesis that the sparingly soluble carbonate salts in aqueous solution can provide OH− ion in a slow and continual manner, which is important to maintain a low supersaturation environment for one-dimensional MHSH nanobelt growth. The results indicated that the concentration of the reaction ions in the solution is one of the critical parameters for nanobelt growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the nanobelts are about 50 nanometers in thickness, 200–500 nanometers in width and tens to hundreds of micrometers in length. The higher the solubility product constant of the sparingly soluble salt, the faster the reaction occurred. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate was investigated. The chemistry of the reaction was studied and the mechanism of nanobelt growth was proposed.Sparingly soluble carbonate salts could be used to control the supersaturation for solution synthesis of magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate nanobelts at ambient pressure and boiling temperature. The method described in this paper can be easily scaled up.
Keywords: Nanobelt; Supersaturation; Magnesium hydroxide; One-dimensional;
Disclosure of the imidazolium cation coordination and stabilization mode in ionic liquid stabilized gold(0) nanoparticles by Henri S. Schrekker; Marcos A. Gelesky; Marcelo P. Stracke; Clarissa M.L. Schrekker; Giovanna Machado; Sergio R. Teixeira; Joel C. Rubim; Jairton Dupont (189-195).
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of imidazolium ionic liquid stabilized gold(0) nanoparticles (GNPs) furnished previously unknown knowledge about the coordination and stabilization mode of the imidazolium cation. GNPs were prepared by hydrazine reduction of a chloroauric acid solution in 1-triethylene glycol monomethyl ether-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate 2 as ether-functionalized room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). UV–vis spectroscopy showed the presence of GNP aggregates as absorptions extended to the NIR region. A parallel coordination mode for the imidazolium cation of RTIL 2 on the GNP surface was observed by SERS, which occurred without the simultaneous coordination of the 1-triethylene glycol monomethyl ether-functionality. Instead of this, the ether-functionality was directed away from the GNP surface and acted as steric barrier between the GNPs/GNP aggregates, thus preventing further aggregation. These new insights suggest that the imidazolium cation is responsible for electrosteric stabilization.
Keywords: SERS; Transition-metal nanoparticles; Gold; Electrosteric stabilization; Interface; Ether-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids;
Electrical double layer around a spherical colloid particle: The excluded volume effect by J.J. López-García; M.J. Aranda-Rascón; J. Horno (196-201).
The influence of the excluded volume effect on both the spatial distribution of ionic species and the electrostatic potential distribution in the neighborhood of a suspended spherical particle is examined on the basis of a modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation, which takes into account the finite ion size by means of a Langmuir-type correction. We find that κa (κ and a being the reciprocal Debye length and the particle radius, respectively) ceases to be a valid parameter for the characterization of the electrical double layer, and that it is necessary to use both parameters κ and a to characterize adequately the system. We also find that the excluded volume effect considerably increases the surface potential (for a given value of the surface charge density) as compared to the case when ideal ion behavior is assumed. This suggests the use of the particle charge rather than the surface potential in order to characterize the system. Because of this, an approximate equation for the surface charge density of spherical colloid particles, valid for a wide range of system parameter values, is also reported.The excluded volume effect ( c max ) considerably increases the surface potential y S (for a given value of the surface charge density, I) as compared to the case when ideal ion behavior is assumed (PB equation). This suggests the use of the particle charge rather than the surface potential in order to characterize the system.
Keywords: Modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation; Excluded volume effect; Finite ion size;
Face preferred deposition of gold nanoparticles on α-cyclodextrin/octanethiol inclusion compound by S. Rodríquez-Llamazares; P. Jara; N. Yutronic; M. Noyong; J. Bretschneider; U. Simon (202-205).
The preferred deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto microcrystal faces of α-cyclodextin/octanethiol inclusion compound was obtained. The immobilization of Au NPs is caused by the spatial replacing of the citrate shell of the NPs by the free dangling ―SH groups of the guest molecule.A preferred deposition of gold nanoparticles onto microcrystal faces of α-cyclodextin/octanethiol inclusion compound was obtained.
Keywords: Gold nanoparticles; Deposition; α-Cyclodextrin inclusion compound;
Wetting behavior of a SiO2–polystyrene nanocomposite surface by Weixin Hou; Qihua Wang (206-209).
A SiO2–polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite surface was prepared with a simple method. The wetting behavior of the as-prepared surface was investigated. It was found that the as-prepared surface could be varied from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity just by controlling the drying temperature and the content of SiO2 nanoparticles in the system. In addition, a transition from the Wenzel regime to the Cassie regime was observed.Superhydrophobic surface was prepared when the ratio between polystyrene and silica is 0.1/0.2, and the drying temperature is 180 °C.
Keywords: Superhydrophobicity; Superhydrophilicity;
by S.S. Dukhin (210).


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Tyto internetové stránky odpovídají norme HONcode pro duveryhodné zdravotnické informace:
6th Annual European Nutrition and Lifestyle Conference
27-28 March 2012
The Annual European Nutrition and Lifestyle Conference is a forum for interactive debate on EU policy relating to the promotion of healthy diets and lifestyles and to tackling the problem of obesity.
Click here for more information.
IX Barcelona International Conference on the Mediterranean Diet
27-28 March 2012
This conference will explore the results of new studies and research, the evolution of knowledge on the mediterranean diet and new ways of spreading its benefits.
Click here for more information.


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Harry Potter – Desk Clock
Never be late for class with this Harry Potter desk clock! It features an alarm with on/off switch and snooze button, and the face is decorated with the four house crests and the Hogwarts crest.
Clock measures 6.5″ W x 4.5″ H x 2.75″ D and uses two AA batteries, not included.
Release Date: 2007-05-01


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Someone should just join because of that write up. You can't get better quality than that.
Type: Posts; User: Hazard
Someone should just join because of that write up. You can't get better quality than that.
Looks like he was just spamming after all.
When I saw replies to this thread, it was a surprised. I was thinking an actual member joining?! First recruit for LL? :speechless: Although he has his own website, maybe he'll grow to like this...
Welcome aboard but take note of our site rules:
We don't allow users to link to their own sites. If you would like to promote your site, PM me with the info and I'll add it to the appropriate...
That was short-lived...
Not sure. I don't think it was available last year, so hopefully for all of this season.
NBA Broadband is free right now, but it's only for archived games: Link. All you need is an account. So, if you're not in L.A. and missed the game, you could stream it here.
Modelling after the Lakers forum? :) Hehe.


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Danforth Art Museum\School is pleased to announce our temporary solutions for relocation, exhibitions, studio art classes, and programs. Click here for our most recent update. We anticipate occasional disruptions to business operations during the upcoming relocation, and apologize for any delays in communications. We encourage you to check back here and on our Facebook page for up-to-date information, and appreciate your ongoing support! Help us #GoForthDanforth! Donations to support our move are greatly appreciated.
Danforth Art exhibitions will take place at partnering museums and educational and cultural organizations for the coming year. The first of these exhibitions will be Found in Collection: Contemporary Photography from the Danforth Art Museum Permanent Collection An Exhibition in Two Parts, scheduled at the Griffin Museum of Photography in Winchester, Massachusetts, for December 10, 2016–January 1, 2017, and March 9, 2017–March 26, 2017.
Danforth Art School is thrilled to announce that our students can enjoy a 4-week Fall session of studio art classes for adults and children (K-8) in the Danforth Building before our relocation. An abbreviated schedule of classes will be offered between Saturday, September 10 and Friday, October 7, on Tuesdays through Saturdays with evening classes on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Registration will open on August 23 and will close on September 6 (after which time under-enrolled classes will be canceled).
Sign up for Enews
Stay up to date on exhibitions, events, classes, opportunities for artists, and more.


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The city of Toledo has owned the Acme building since 2003. Officials say it is a safety hazard that must be eliminated.
The Blade
Enlarge | Buy This Image
What some see as a giant red-bricked eyesore in East Toledo's Marina District soon could be only a memory.
City of Toledo officials said Thursday they are moving forward with plans to demolish the abandoned Toledo Edison Acme power plant, which sits alongside the Maumee River on the former industrial site.
Tim Murphy, environmental services commissioner, said the city has solicited bids from five contractors to tear down the plant, located on 3.84 acres at 1522 Front St., and will start reviewing them next Tuesday. If any of the firms can meet the city's price limit — $35,000 for the job — demolition could start within two to three weeks, the commissioner said.
"This is an open building where there's concerns for liability of people getting in and hurting themselves," Mr. Murphy said. "Our concern is to eliminate that liability and blight."
The city of Toledo has owned the plant since 2003, when it took over the title for the building and surrounding property from Toledo Edison, along with $4.3 million.
Some of that money, plus millions of dollars more in state grants, has been used to clean up the plant and the land around it.
Joel Mazur, Toledo's brownfield redevelopment officer, said asbestos removal at the plant is complete, and demolition of the building can proceed. A portion of the plant has been torn down as part of the asbestos cleanup. Burge Wrecking conducted that part of the demolition and is one of the firms bidding to tear down the rest, Mr. Murphy said. Burge ended up paying the city $50,000 for the first job, part of the profits the company made from salvaging metal at the plant, the commissioner said.
Mr. Murphy said he is hopeful the value of steel remaining in the building will be enough to keep the city's expenditures low.
"The steel is the real value for most of this," he said.
The Acme plant opened in 1918 and closed in 1993. Some historic preservationists have said that they thought the unique brick architecture of the plant and an adjacent guardhouse are worth saving, but city officials have said reuse of the building is not environmentally feasible.
Once the demolition begins, it could take six to nine months for the entire building to come down, Mr. Mazur said. City officials hope it can be cleared in time for the opening of the National Great Lakes Maritime Museum, scheduled for May next year.
Chinese-owned firm Dashing Pacific Group Ltd. has an option to purchase the property and some surrounding plots. The company owns 69 acres of the Marina District site, which it bought for $3.8 million on July 2. Dashing Pacific has plans to redevelop the land into a multiuse residential and commercial complex, although few details have been released.
Toledo city councilman Mike Craig, whose district includes East Toledo, said tearing the building down is probably the best option given its state of disrepair. Developers in the past had talked about renovating the building. Most people will be glad to see the building go, Mr. Craig said, because it blocks the view of the river and is falling apart.
"I don't know if I'm glad, but I think this is still progress," he said. "From what I've seen of the building, I don't think rehabilitation is an option, at least not a viable option."
Knocking the plant down is also important because of the upcoming opening of the neighboring Great Lakes Maritime Museum, the councilman added.
"If people come to Toledo to see the museum, you don't want a derelict factory building next to it," he said. "That's not putting Toledo's best foot forward."
Contact Claudia Boyd-Barrett at email@example.com or 419-724-6272.


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CDM Designated National Authorities Forum Discusses Micro-Financing Opportunities
26 April 2009: Designated National Authorities (DNAs) from about 90 countries met in Bonn, Germany, from 25-26 April 2009, for the seventh regular meeting of the DNA Forum.
DNAs are the entities responsible for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) within countries, and the DNA Forum was established to provide DNAs, or their representatives, a platform to exchange views and share their CDM experiences. The Forum included sessions covering a range of topics, including CDM micro-financing opportunities, monitoring for sustainable development, and regional and sub-regional distribution of CDM project activities. [UNFCCC news story]


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Find out the verdict in the George Zimmerman trial on WESH 2 and WESH.com.
Here are three ways you can get the verdict as soon as it's read:
1. Download the WESH 2 app for iOS and Android and get a push alert. You can also watch the verdict read live on your mobile device.
2. Sign up for Local News or Live Web Video Alerts here and get the verdict sent to your email or as a text message.
3. LIKE our WESH 2 Facebook page or follow WESH 2 on Twitter.


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AUBURN, Alabama -- Harper Williams, who spent 17 years playing basketball overseas, was named a men's basketball administrative assistant, the team announced today.
Williams is a former college teammate of Auburn coach Tony Barbee at Massachusetts.
He played professionally in Spain, Italy, Greece and Brazil.
Williams was the 1992 Atlantic 10 player of the year and was inducted into the UMass Athletic Hall of Fame in 2006.
Williams is a native of Bridgeport, Conn.
In other news, Auburn announced it is seeking applicants to audition to become the new public address announcer for men's basketball.
Applicants must submit a resume, photo and audio demo (CD or .mp3 format) by Oct. 14.
The job ad says, "Auburn is seeking an experienced announcer who has the ability to convey enthusiasm and showmanship, has high energy, and possesses a passion and knowledge of basketball. The search is open to candidates age 18 and over. Previous experience as a public address announcer, specifically with college basketball, is strongly preferred."
For more information, call (334) 844-0735 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. Applications can be mailed to Auburn University Athletics Marketing, Attn: Mike Hales, 392 S. Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36849. Application materials will not be returned.
The new announcer will replace Tim Chambliss, who has held the job for the last several years.


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CommodityRentals has innovated a unique real estate agent software programs that allows managers and real estate owners to have access to a web-based real estate management system that is user-friendly, cost-effective and customized for unlimited users and property units. You can now access your real estate data from any place and managing it is not only hassle-free but secure too.
Our comprehensive real estate software programs has been designed keeping industry needs in mind. Our information is continuously updated, allowing our customers to operate much more efficiently and in a flexible manner. If you are looking for real estate solutions that provides scalability, pocket-friendly features and is streamlined to boot, Commodity Rental's real estate CRM is the one.
As a manager or property owner you are under pressure to cut costs and increase profitability. Commodity Rental's real estate management system has a numbers of software solutions for real estate that is guaranteed to provide a high-speed, streamlined interface for you data management needs.
Following are the features for each of the sub-modules within the Real estate, you can Click on each of the links to view the specific features under that sub-module.
Property Type / Features, Properties, Member /Subscriptions, City /State /Country Parameters and Payment Gateway /Others
Click here for Admin Demo
The User Section will be consisting of the following:
Account Creation, Property Listing, Search Properties and My Account /Find a Broker.
Click here for User Demo
For the Purchase of these product(s), it usually takes 24-48 Hrs to get the product, as each order has to pass fraud review. The product can be either installed by our technicians or be emailed to you or given instructions to you for the download.
There are no refunds available due to the open-source nature of the product, so we strongly encourage everybody to checkout the demo(s) before purchasing. To checkout the Demos, Click Here.
Note : Due to the nature of our products and being open source, we cannot provide any refunds for the product. Please note this while making the purchase. However we stand by all our products and if we cannot make it work for you, we will gladly issue a refund.
Email us at : firstname.lastname@example.com


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Matthew Cox Pleads Guilty to Mortgage Fraud
From my co-author, Attorney Rachel Dollar of Lanahan & Reilley, LLP, and MortgageFraudBlog.com:
Matthew Bevan Cox, 37, pled guilty to mortgage fraud, identity theft, passport fraud, and probation violation charges arising from a Northern District of Georgia indictment, criminal informations filed by the Middle Districts of Florida and Tennessee, and a Middle District of Florida revocation petition.
"Cox was the subject of a three-year nationwide manhunt while he continued to commit mortgage fraud under stolen identities in multiple states, leaving a trail of victims and missing money, said United States Attorney David E. Nahmias in Atlanta. "The repeated use by Cox of the stolen identities of minor children, the homeless and others to place multiple fraudulent loans on the same property without the knowledge or consent of the true owners has resulted in clouded property titles in several states and years of unresolved litigation. He will now face the long prison sentence he deserves for his crimes."
According to the information presented in court: Cox rented or agreed to purchase properties from true owners, fraudulently erased prior mortgage liens and assumed the identity of the owners, used a stolen identity or paid straw borrowers to obtain multiple mortgage loans on the same property. Cox then changed locations and committed similar mortgage fraud schemes in other states. Cox and his co-conspirators used stolen identities to execute the mortgage fraud, including identities of minor children and those he received from conducting "Federal Surveys" of the homeless and drug rehab patients. Cox also used these stolen identities to obtain drivers licenses and state identification cards, purchase vehicles, lease mail drops and virtual offices, rent apartments, obtain credit cards, open bank accounts, and to apply for birth certificates and a passport used for travel to Jamaica, Greece and other foreign destinations while a federal fugitive.
Click here for the rest of Rachel's write-up.
More, from our good friend Jeff Testermann of the St. Petersburg Times:
- In Tampa, according to the newly filed charges, Cox committed $8.6-million in fraud on transactions involving 77 properties in the Tampa Heights and Ybor City areas.
- In Nashville, Cox committed $2.35-million in fraud on 22 properties, according to the new charges.
- Cox was helped by 22 unnamed co-conspirators in Tampa and Nashville, the new charges reveal.
- Now, in a deal with the government, Cox, 37, says he will plead guilty to the new charges as well as to charges in a 42-count indictment filed in Georgia in August 2004, when he was a fugitive whose name topped the Secret Service's most-wanted list.
- Facing as many as 422 years in prison, Cox's plea deal presumably will save him from a life term in return for his cooperation in pursuing accomplices.
- The charges in Tampa list 16 unnamed co-conspirators, identified by initials only. The charges covering Cox's activities in Nashville list six more unnamed co-conspirators.
Filed under: Jeff Testerman,Matthew Cox,Mortgage Fraud,Rachel Dollar,Real Estate Fraud,Rebecca Hauck


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Helsport Baffin Modular
A very good winter sleeping bag. I have used it in…
Fill: Thermogard 2000
Temperature Rating: -40 Celsius
Weight: 3,2 kg
A very good winter sleeping bag. I have used it in -45C.
I'm suprised that there aren't more people using this bag.
Check it out.
Helsport Baffin Modular
No price on record.
The Helsport Baffin Modular is not available from the stores we monitor.
If you're looking for a new cold weather synthetic sleeping bag, check out the best reviewed current models.


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The chances of the Amarillo Bulls advancing to the semifinals of the North American Hockey League's Robertson Cup National Championship Tournament come down to one game — and possibly a tiebreaker.
The defending Robertson Cup champion Fairbanks Ice Dogs knocked off Amarillo, 3-1, Friday before 500 fans at Dr Pepper Arena in Frisco. The Bulls are 1-1 in pool play.
The top two teams in each pool qualify for the semifinals, unless all three teams in one pool post winning records and then all three would advance, according to the NAHL website.
The Bulls play the Bismarck Bobcats (1-1 in pool play) in their final pool-play game at 12:30 p.m. Saturday. Amarillo realizes a win would push the Bulls into the semifinals without the help of tiebreakers.
Port Huron, which lost 5-4 to the host Texas Tornado late Friday, leads the Bulls' pool with a 1-1 mark and a 9-6 margin in goal differential. St. Louis is second with a 1-1 mark and a 5-4 margin in goal differential. The Bulls are third at 1-1 and a 4-5 margin in goal differential.
If the Bulls beat Bismarck, they would be guaranteed a semifinal berth because at worst, all three teams in Amarillo's pool would have winning records and all three would advance. At best, Amarillo would finish first outright.
Goal differential is the first tiebreaker should all three teams in a pool tie for first or two teams tie for first or second. The second tiebreaker is goal quotient, which is goals scored divided by goals allowed.
Port Huron's goal quotient is 1.5. St. Louis' goal quotient is 1.25. Amarillo's goal quotient is 0.8.
The Robertson Cup pool format has three teams in one pool playing the three teams in the other pool.
Pending potential tiebreakers, Amarillo could lose Saturday and qualify for the semifinals.
"The good thing is we hold our fate in our own hands," Bulls head coach Dennis Williams said. "When the game was on the line in the third period, we didn't show up with very much intensity. I thought we didn't challenge (Fairbanks goaltender Steve Perry) enough."
Perry, 12-6-2 in the regular season, stopped 20 of 21 shots, allowing only Bulls forward Greg Gibson's powerplay goal at the 10:50 mark of the second period.
Fairbanks outshot Amarillo, 13-5, in the third period, building a two-goal lead on Tayler Munson's goal at the 10:23 mark of the third period.
Fairbanks 3, Amarillo 1
Fairbanks 0 2 1 — 3
Amarillo 0 1 0 — 1
First period—None.
Second period—1, Fairbanks, Anton Racklin (pp) (Gabe Levin, Sean ORourke) 6:21; 2, Amarillo, Greg Gibson (pp) (Joe Kozlak, Matt Johnson) 10:50; 3, Fairbanks, Pete Spratte (Pavlo Padakin) 13:57.
Third period—4, Fairbanks, Tayler Munson (Garret Clemment, Alec Hajdukovich) 10:23.
Shots—Fairbanks 5-6-13—24. Amarillo 5-11-15—21. Penalties/minutes—Fairbanks 3 for 6. Amarillo 6 for 22. Powerplays/opportunities—Fairbanks 1 for 6. Amarillo 1 for 3. Goaltenders—Fairbanks, Steve Perry (1-0) 21 shots-20 saves. Amarillo, Gregg Gruehl (1-1) 24 shots-21 saves. A—500.
Next Game: Amarillo vs. Bismarck, 12:30 p.m. Saturday, Dr Pepper Arena.


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Dog, Cat, Horse, Fish, Pets, Farmyard & Zoo Animal Pewter Pin brooches in Blackburn
Contact AnimalGiftIdeas
USA & UK manufactured dog breed & other animal pewter pin badges or brooches - many dog breeds represented - we also have cat, horse, bird, domestic pet, fish & zoo animal pewter pins. Depending on the manufacturer, they have either one or two safety backs each & all are sent with a lovely gift box as shown. Comments from appreciative customers can be found on our websites Testimonials page. Only a fraction of what we stock can be shown here. Orders can be placed via our website - please see direct link below - 24/7 & all prices include the gift box, VAT & UK postal charges.


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Have it your way.
No, not your fast-food burger. Your prayer.
In an age when convenience is king and religion is often ridiculed, some churches looking to widen their outreach efforts are embracing what community banks and pharmacies have utilized for decades: the drive-through.
The latest to offer a bit of spiritual uplift in the comfort of your car is Hope United Methodist Church in Voorhees.
"People go to Dunkin' Donuts for coffee, not because it's the best coffee, but because it's the most convenient," reasoned Hope's lead pastor, Jeff Bills. "In a similar way, this is a port of entry for somebody to begin to connect with God in an intentional kind of way."


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You might remember the last time Jerry Sloan coached in the NBA. It was in Utah, where he had coached for 23 seasons with the Jazz. There was a lot of talk and reports later about his inability to get along with then-star-PG Deron Williams. Now that Williams has chewed through two coaches in a single season -- and after the Nets lacked any ambition or toughness in a first-round exit at the hands of the Bulls, apparently Williams is missing the good times.
Deron Williams, Jerry Sloan Share Mutual Interest in Reunion
From CBSSports.com
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Ronald Martinez/Getty Images


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I'm Robin Clarke, a producer of computer games based in London, England.
Over the last decade and a half I've had many colourful adventures in the games industry, working at various times for JoWooD, CDV, Morpheme, Mastertronic and Zattikka. Currently I am a producer at AppyNation, a new developer-owned digital publisher.
I also occasionally write articles, participate in game jams and give talks. Sometimes I get asked Wot I Think by various magazines and websites.
When I'm not obsessing over games, my other hobbies include attending various gatherings of writers and techies in the capital, watching comedy, designing things and drinking in parks.
The website www.citystate.co.uk was established on January 1st 2006 to provide a central repository for various musings about games, some of which were previously published elsewhere. I can be contacted by email ('contact' AT this domain) or Twitter. I never respond to unsolicited messages sent as LinkedIn invites (and still they come).
Quick facts
Name: Robin Clarke
Twitter: rclarke
ZX Spectrum or C64? Spectrum
Mega Drive or SNES? Mega Drive
PC or Mac? PC
Favourite game: Toejam & Earl
Favourite film: Brazil
Name works in the Mickey Mouse Club song: YES
Recent developments
- 2013
- AppyNation – Continuing the AppyNation odyssey, we provided full publishing services to 31X Ltd. for the mobile release of Transport Tycoon, and embraced the free-to-play model with self-published titles including World's Biggest Wordsearch and Hero Bears.
- 2012
- AppyNation – An intensive year of research and experimentation as we sought the right direction for the company, which saw the launches of Fluid Football, Guide The Light and several other games.
- 2011
- Isoball 1.1 (Archived) – an overhaul of the iOS version of the game, replacing all graphics.
- @MeanApps – A Twitter feed showcasing the best of UK mobile app development.
- GameCamp 4 talk – On how indie developers can get their Flash games sponsored.
- 2010
- Isoball Franchise – Production duties on this puzzle game series (60m+ plays on the web).
- Flash games – sponsored/commissioned over 80 games for Zattikka, including Chubby Ninja (WoblyWare), Garden Gnome Carnage (Ludosity), Hide Caesar 2 (WheemPlay), Isoball 3 (CandyFlame), Boondog, and Gravinaytor.
- Gamejams – took part in Mini Game Jam, Love Jam, Everybody Draws Jam.
- 2009
- Kiwitiki Flower Paradise (Dijiko) – the first 'big' Flash game I sponsored, learning a lot.
- The Shareware Age – A feature article for Eurogamer, about DOS-era shareware gaming.
- 2008
- Channel 4 Mobile Games Pitch – I was a finalist in this one-day event organised by 4Talent.
- Scrumper – A very simple game I made to learn about Python/Pygame.