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Author Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Drs Shanafelt, West, Poland, Menaker, and Dyrbye), Cancer Center Statistics (Dr Sloan and Mr Novotny), and Psychiatry and Psychology (Dr Rummans), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Extensive literature documents personal distress among physicians and a decrease in their satisfaction with the practice of medicine over recent years. We hypothesized that physicians who spent more of their time in the aspect of work that they found most meaningful would have a lower risk of burnout.
Faculty physicians in the Department of Internal Medicine at a large academic medical center were surveyed in the fall of 2007. The survey evaluated demographic variables, work characteristics, and career satisfaction. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Additional questions evaluated which professional activity (eg, research, education, patient care, or administration) was most personally meaningful and the percentage of effort that was devoted to each activity.
Of 556 physicians sampled, 465 (84%) returned surveys. A majority (68%) reported that patient care was the aspect of work that they found most meaningful, with smaller percentages reporting research (19%), education (9%), or administration (3%) as being most meaningful. Overall, 34% of faculty members met the criteria for burnout. The amount of time spent working on the most meaningful activity was strongly related to the risk of burnout. Those spending less than 20% of their time (approximately 1 d/wk) on the activity that is most meaningful to them had higher rates of burnout (53.8% vs 29.9%; P<.001). Time spent on the most meaningful activity was the largest predictor of burnout on multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.75; P = .001).
The extent to which faculty physicians are able to focus on the aspect of work that is most meaningful to them has a strong inverse relationship to their risk of burnout. Efforts to optimize career fit may promote physician satisfaction and help to reduce attrition among academic faculty physicians.
The practice of medicine has the potential to be a tremendously fulfilling and meaningful endeavor. Physicians are responsible for caring for the nation's sick, promoting the public health, advancing the science of medicine, and passing the torch of knowledge to the next generation of physicians. Unfortunately, despite the value and importance of these pursuits, an expanding body of literature reports growing personal distress among physicians and a decrease in their satisfaction with the practice of medicine.1- 5 Specifically, numerous studies have documented high rates of burnout and poor mental health among US physicians and have suggested that physician distress can have a profound impact on patient quality of care as well as on a physician's personal health.1,2,5- 8
A complex array of factors, including decreased autonomy, increased administrative work, less time with patients, and difficulty balancing personal and professional responsibilities all contribute to physician distress.1,2,9 In addition to these challenges, which face all physicians, a unique set of additional challenges are experienced by academic physicians. These challenges include declining levels of funding provided by the National Institutes of Health to support scientific research and changes to the structure of residency that have increased the clinical responsibilities of faculty physicians and have reduced time for traditional academic pursuits such as research and education.10- 17 Another challenge for academic faculty involves navigating the requirements that compete for their time, such as research, education, patient care, and administrative responsibilities. The degree of satisfaction that faculty members derive from these different tasks varies, and individuals may not always have the opportunity to focus on the areas that they view as most personally meaningful.10,12,15- 19 To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the relationship between career fit (the extent to which an individual is able to focus their effort on the aspect of work that they find most meaningful) and faculty burnout.
We hypothesized that the degree of career fit among academic physicians would relate to burnout and faculty satisfaction. Specifically, we hypothesized that faculty physicians who are able to spend more time devoted to the activity that they find most meaningful would have greater professional satisfaction and lower rates of burnout. In the present study, we studied physicians in the Department of Internal Medicine (DOM) at 1 large, academic medical center and evaluated the relationship between career fit, burnout, and intention to leave academic medicine.
With the exception of the study investigators, all physicians who were permanent faculty members of the DOM, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, were eligible for participation in this study. Participation was elective, and all responses were anonymous. The study was reviewed and approved by the Mayo Clinic institutional review board.
The DOM faculty physicians were surveyed electronically in September and October 2007. A cover letter stated that the purpose of the survey was to better understand the factors that contribute to career satisfaction among physicians specializing in internal medicine and its related subspecialties. Participants were not informed of the specific hypothesis of the study. The survey included 87 questions regarding demographic information, work characteristics, and burnout. Nonresponders received up to 3 e-mail messages reminding them to complete the survey. Physicians who did not respond to any of these requests were sent a paper version of the survey via campus mail.
Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a validated 22-item questionnaire that is considered a standard tool for measuring burnout.20- 23 The Maslach Burnout Inventory has 3 subscales that are used to evaluate the 3 domains of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA). We considered physicians with a high score for medical professionals on the DP (score ≥10) and/or EE (score ≥27) subscale as having at least 1 manifestation of professional burnout.20,24,25 Additional questions were used to evaluate practice characteristics (hours worked per week, the percentage of professional effort spent in various activities [eg, research, education, patient care, or administration]), which work activity was most personally meaningful (research, education, patient care, administration, and nonvisit patient care activities [eg, returning patient phone calls, writing letters to patients, and checking laboratory results]), and personal strategies used to deal with stress. The percentage of effort spent in the activity rated as most personally meaningful was used as a metric of career fit. As a measure of career satisfaction, responders were also asked about the likelihood that they would leave academic medicine, leave their current position, or reduce their effort to part time in the next 24 to 36 months. For these items, responders were grouped into categories (≤40% likelihood vs >40% likelihood) based on previously published use of this threshold.12 With respect to hours worked per week, physicians were asked, on average, how many hours per week they spent (1) working on site (eg, physically at work seeing patients, doing research, teaching, or performing administrative tasks), (2) performing work-related tasks at home (eg, preparing talks, writing articles, or working on grants), and (3) keeping abreast of developments in their field (eg, reading journals) or performing tasks to maintain certification (eg, completing American Board of Internal Medicine modules). These 3 values were summed to calculate total hours worked per week. After development, the survey was reviewed by the department chair, the research chair, a senior department administrator, and the director of staff development and was modified on the basis of their feedback before use.
The primary analysis involved the use of descriptive summary statistics for estimating the prevalence of burnout among DOM faculty. Next, we examined differences in burnout by various demographic and practice characteristics. χ2 Tests were used to assess differences in percentages between groups; Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess differences between groups for continuous variables; and simple linear regression was used to assess associations in continuous variables (EE, DP, and PA) as dependent variables in building separate models. Stepwise logistic regression was used to evaluate independent associations between demographic and practice characteristics and categorical dependent variables (ie, burnout or intent to leave academic medicine). All analyses were performed using SAS version 8 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina).
A total of 465 of 556 DOM faculty physicians (83.6%) responded to the survey. The personal and professional characteristics of study participants are summarized in Table 1. Approximately 23% of the participants were women. Based on DOM faculty demographic data, responding physicians were similar to the entire DOM faculty, which includes 23.7% women. More than 90% of the study participants were married or had a partner, and 63% had school-age or younger (≤18 years) children living at home.
With respect to professional characteristics, 132 of 465 responders (28.4%) were generalists (general internal medicine, primary care internal medicine, preventive medicine, or hospital internal medicine), and the remaining 333 (71.6%) practiced internal medicine subspecialty work. With respect to the percentage of effort, 82% of the faculty physicians were currently working full time. The mean total of hours worked for all responders was 69 h/wk, which included an average of 55 h/wk physically at work (eg, seeing patients, doing research, teaching, or administrative tasks), 10 h/wk working from home (eg, preparing talks, writing papers, or working on grants), and 4 h/wk keeping abreast of developments in their field (eg, reading journals) or performing tasks to maintain certification (eg, completing American Board of Internal Medicine modules).
A majority (68%) of physicians reported that patient care was the aspect of work that they found most personally meaningful, with smaller percentages reporting research (19%), education (9%), administration (3%), or nonvisit patient care activities (<1%) as being the most meaningful activity. Tailoring of the actual distribution of effort to the most meaningful aspect of work was observed (Table 2). For example, those who viewed research as the most personally meaningful aspect of work spent an average of 39% of their time on research compared with 11% or less research time for those who viewed patient care, education, or administration as most meaningful. Despite this tailoring of effort to match interests, physicians from all categories spent more time, on average, on performing patient care tasks than on any other activity. There were minimal differences in the percentage of time spent on their most meaningful activity among physicians younger than 55 years (age <35 years = 54% of effort; age 35-44 years = 52% of effort; and age 45-54 years = 54% of effort), while those aged 55 and older appeared to spend more time on their most meaningful activity (age 55-64 years = 62%; age ≥65 years = 79%; P value for trend, <.001). No difference in the average amount of time spent in the activity rated most meaningful was observed based on sex or being a generalist as compared with a subspecialist.
Overall, 385 of 437 physicians (88%) spent at least 20% of their effort (approximately 1 d/wk) on the activity that they reported to be most personally meaningful; however, this percentage varied based on whether individuals viewed patient care, research, administration, or education as the most meaningful aspect of work (Figure 1). Subspecialists were more likely than generalists to spend at least 20% of their effort on the activity that they reported to be most personally meaningful (mean, 90% vs 82%; P = .04). No difference in the percentage of physicians who spent at least 20% of their effort on the activity reported to be most personally meaningful was observed by age or sex.
Career fit by activity viewed most personally meaningful. The y-axis shows the percentage of individuals who spend at least 20% of their effort in the activity viewed as most personally meaningful based on whether patient care, education, research, or administration is viewed as the most meaningful activity (x-axis). The results indicate that a smaller percentage of those who view education as the most meaningful aspect of their work spend at least 20% of their time in the activity that they view most meaningful.
Burnout among study participants is summarized in Table 3. Six responders did not answer enough Maslach Burnout Inventory questions to be included in our analysis. The mean (SD) EE, DP, and PA scores were 20.9 (11.1), 4.4 (4.8), and 40.7 (6.3), respectively. Of 459 faculty physicians, 61(13.3%) had high DP scores and 138 (30.2%) had high EE scores. Overall, 156 faculty members (34.0%) were burned out. With respect to demographic characteristics, women (43% vs 31%; P = .02) and physicians younger than 55 years (37.3% vs 19.4%; P < .001) had higher rates of burnout. No difference in burnout was observed based on relationship status or on whether physicians had children 18 years or younger living at home. Generalists were more likely to be burned out than subspecialists (42.3% vs 20.7%; P = .02). Physicians who were burned out also worked an average of almost 5 more hours per week than physicians who were not burned out (mean hours worked, 72.1 vs 67.5, P = .006).
To begin to assess the relationship between career fit and burnout, we evaluated the relationship between the percentage of effort as a continuous variable and EE, DP, PA, and overall burnout. As continuous variables, the percentage of effort spent on patient care, education, research, administration, and most meaningful activity had minimal correlation with EE, DP, or PA scores (all r < 0.13). We next evaluated whether a threshold of time spent on the most personally meaningful activity related to burnout. In evaluating cut points between 5% and 90%, the 10%, 15%, and 20% cut points separated burnout risk equally well, suggesting that spending at least 10% to 20% of the time in the area most personally meaningful was associated with lower risk of burnout (Figure 2). Those who spent less than 20% of their time (approximately 1 d/wk) on the activity most meaningful to them were more likely to be burned out (53.8% vs 29.9%; P < .001).
Burnout by amount of time spent on activity viewed most personally meaningful. The y-axis shows the percentage of individuals within each group who experience burnout. The x-axis indicates the amount of time spent in the activity viewed as most personally meaningful.
Overall, 83 of 449 physicians (18.5%) stated that they intended to leave their current position in the next 36 months, and 43 of 434 (9.9%) stated they intended to leave academic medicine altogether during this interval. Of 342 physicians younger than 55 years, 55 (16.1%) intended to leave their current position and 25 (7.3%) intended to leave academic medicine in the next 36 months. Similarly, 60 of 359 physicians (19.0%) currently working full time reported that they intended to reduce their effort to less than full time in the next 24 months, including 43 of 286 physicians (14.3%) younger than 55 years. There were no differences observed in the intent to leave academic medicine based on sex, marital status, or being a generalist rather than a subspecialist. Physicians without children 18 years or younger at home were twice as likely to report an intent to leave academic medicine (14.2% vs 7.2%; P = .02). There were no differences in intent to reduce from full-time to part-time work based on relationship status, on having children 18 years or younger at home, or on being a generalist rather than a subspecialist. Women were twice as likely as men to report that they intended to reduce from full-time to part-time work (26.9% vs 14.3%; P = .02) and were also more likely to already be working less than full time (48% vs 9%%; P < .001).
We next evaluated the relationship between faculty physicians' burnout and their intent to (1) leave their current position, (2) leave academic medicine, or (3) reduce from full-time work to part-time work. Burned out physicians were more likely to report an intent to leave their current position in the next 36 months (24.7 vs 15.5; P = .02). Among physicians working full time, burned out physicians were also more likely to report an intent to reduce from full-time work to part-time work in the next 24 months (24.0% vs 12.2%; P = .004). Although burned out physicians were also more likely to report an intent to leave academic medicine in the next 36 months (13.9%vs 8.1%; P = .06), this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Finally, we performed stepwise logistic regression to evaluate personal (age, sex, relationship status, and children aged ≤ 18 years) and professional (total hours worked, time spent in most meaningful activity, generalist vs subspecialist, and working full time vs part time) factors that are independently associated with intent to leave academic medicine and burnout. The only factors independently associated with increased risk of leaving academic medicine were age older than 55 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.91; P < .001) and burnout (OR, 2.28; P = .02) (Table 4). Four factors were independently associated with increased risk of burnout: lack of career fit (devoting <20% effort to most meaningful activity; OR, 2.75; P = .001), age younger than 55 years (OR, 2.30; P = .004); total hours worked (OR for each additional hour worked per week, 1.02; P = .01), and being a generalist (OR, 1.76, P = .03) (Table 4).
Although previous studies have suggested a link between physician burnout and work load, autonomy, medical mistakes, malpractice suits, and difficulty balancing personal and professional life, there is little information regarding an association between the meaning that physicians derive from their work and their vulnerability to burnout. In the present study, we found a strong relationship between the amount of time that physicians spend in the aspect of work that they find most personally meaningful (career fit) and burnout. Physicians who spent at least 20% of their time in the aspect of work that was most meaningful to them had a rate of burnout roughly half that of those who spent less than 20% effort in the activity that was most meaningful to them. After the amount of time physicians spent on their most meaningful activity was controlled for, no relationship was observed between which activity was most personally meaningful (patient care, research, education, or administration) and burnout. The association between time spent in the most meaningful activity and burnout was strong and was the largest predictor of burnout on multivariate analysis after other factors were controlled for. Notably, burnout and age were the only factors that were independently associated with the intent to leave academic medicine.
These findings have important implications for the administrative leadership and department chairs at academic medical centers. These centers are responsible for training the next generation of physicians, for serving as the primary origin of scientific discovery and advances in the fields of medicine and health care delivery, and for providing tertiary medical care to patients with complex and unusual health care problems. Their physician faculty is the most critical resource for academic medical centers to discharge these responsibilities to society. Unfortunately, a number of studies suggest that many physician faculty members at academic medical centers are dissatisfied10- 14 and are considering leaving academia.10,12,14 Other than age, burnout was the only variable in our study that was associated with intent to leave academia, suggesting that efforts to minimize burnout are critical for the long-term health of academic medical centers. Our findings suggest that a lack of career fit, working more hours per week, younger age, and being a generalist rather than a subspecialist are characteristics that are associated with a greater risk of burnout, information that may help academic centers as they attempt to identify which faculty members would derive the greatest benefit from interventions to improve satisfaction.
Our results also suggest that academic centers should have clearly defined job descriptions for their faculty members and that they should attempt to hire individuals whose career ambitions align with their expectations. While this suggestion seems intuitive, academic centers have increasingly demanded greater clinical productivity from their faculty members12,13,15- 17 and have even created positions whose primary purpose is to see a high volume of patients rather than to perform the traditional scholarly activities (ie, research and education) of academic faculty.18 These increased clinical requirements, which are necessary to generate revenue and to address manpower issues that are created by resident work hour limitations,12 may reduce the ability of faculty members to spend time on other activities that are meaningful to them. The deteriorating financial environment at many academic medical centers has also likely reduced the discretionary funds that are available to department chairs for fostering the career development of junior faculty members.
Finally, it is important to note that the factors that contribute to physician burnout and their relative importance may differ based on the physicians' career type (ie, researcher, educator, clinician, or administrator), on their practice setting (eg, private practice or academic practice), and on which aspect of work that they find most meaningful. For example, those who derive the greatest amount of meaning from medical education or research may have greater difficulty obtaining the necessary protected time to allow good career fit than those who view patient care activities as most meaningful. In contrast, career fit for physicians who view patient care as the most meaningful aspect of work may relate not only to the amount of time that is devoted to patient care but also to specific patient care activities that each physician finds particularly rewarding (eg, hospital medicine, end-of-life care, procedures, and patient counseling). This aspect was not explored by our study and merits additional investigation to assess whether it explains some of the variation in burnout among physicians who view patient care as the most meaningful aspect of work.
Our study has several important strengths. First, it included a very large sample of physicians from a diverse group of internal medicine–related subspecialties. It had an excellent response rate for a physician survey,26,27 and the rate of observed burnout is consistent with that seen in previous studies of physicians.1,2,4,5 However, it also has several limitations. First, the results from a single academic institution may not be generalizable to other institutions. Second, the extent to which an institution promotes and achieves good career fit among its faculty members likely varies between institutions. Third, it is likely that other unmeasured factors (eg, workload, autonomy, and administrative demands) account for at least some of the variations in burnout and intent to leave academic medicine. Fourth, because this study was cross-sectional, we were unable to determine the causal relationship between variables that were statistically associated.
Consistent with the literature, we found a high rate of burnout among the physician faculty members in the DOM at 1 large academic medical center. Notably, faculty burnout was strongly associated with an intent to leave academic medicine. The extent to which faculty members are able to focus on the aspect of work that is most meaningful to them appears to be inversely associated with their risk of burnout. These findings suggest that efforts to optimize career fit among the physician faculty members at academic medical centers may be important elements of programs to promote physician satisfaction and to reduce attrition from academic medicine.
Correspondence: Tait D. Shanafelt, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
Accepted for Publication: February 8, 2009.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Shanafelt, West, Sloan, Poland, Menaker, Rummans, and Dyrbye. Acquisition of data: Shanafelt, West, and Dyrbye. Analysis and interpretation of data: Shanafelt, West, Sloan, Novotny, and Dyrbye. Drafting of the manuscript: Shanafelt, Sloan, Menaker, and Dyrbye. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Shanafelt, West, Novotny, Poland, Rummans, and Dyrbye. Statistical analysis: West, Sloan, and Novotny. Administrative, technical, and material support: Shanafelt, Menaker, and Dyrbye. Study supervision: Shanafelt and Poland.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
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A business process management project using a WebSphere business process management solution can be initiated by first modeling business processes using WebSphere Business Modeler and then implementing new services or integrate existing services within the business processes using WebSphere Integration Developer. However, this is seldom a one-way path to deployment for various reasons, for example, continuous process improvement and ever-changing business requirements. The lifecycle of such business process management projects usually involves iterative development between WebSphere Business Modeler and WebSphere Integration Developer.
This article discusses a few recommendations when modeling for runtime in WebSphere Business Modeler V7 that can make iterative development with WebSphere Integration Developer easier. There are guidelines for:
- Minimizing the impact of model changes introduced in WebSphere Business Modeler to artifacts in WebSphere Integration Developer.
- Modeling business processes in ways that make the comparison and merging of model changes easier.
- Dealing with inline Web Service Description Language (WSDL) as definitions for business items and services.
Minimize the impact model changes
For any development process that involves hand-offs between two products, one of the most frequently asked questions is how to model and organize the artifacts so that the impact of model changes is minimal. Here are a few tips:
Use the Recommended Export Option
As shown in Figure 1, the WebSphere Business Modeler project is exported into three modules or libraries in WebSphere Integration Developer using the Recommended Export Option:
- Business logic module
- Implementation module
- Library project
The business logic modules contain BPEL definitions directly transformed from WebSphere Business Modeler models; whereas the implementation modules contain "black box" constructs that require concrete implementation to be completed in Websphere Integration Developer.
Figure 1. WebSphere Business Modeler Export dialog
(See a larger version of Figure 1.)
Leverage the mediation flow component when calling external services
A task node can be a new service yet to be implemented or an existing service that needs to be integrated. You can leverage a mediation flow component in WebSphere Integration Developer to perform mapping to and from the external services to avoid having to update the process model each time the external service interface is changed. To create the mediation flow in WebSphere Integration Developer, make sure Create mediation flows for tasks and services is selected in the Export dialog.
Make business-driven changes WebSphere Business Modeler
Integration developers should modify the implementation modules only by refining the implementation details in these modules in WebSphere Integration Developer and leaving the business logic changes to be done by the business analysts in WebSphere Business Modeler.
If the change is business relevant, the user can update the execution model in Business Modeler, re-export the model, then synchronize in WebSphere Integration Developer using the Synchronization dialog to merge the changes between WebSphere Business Modeler generated artifacts and artifacts in the WebSphere Integration Developer workspace. For more information on using the Synchronization dialog to facilitate iterative development, refer to Merging changes from the model into the workspace in the WebSphere Integration Developer Information Center.
Modeling business processes to make merging of changes easier
The following sections describe some recommendations for business process modeling to make the comparing and merging of changes easier.
Decision nodes
By default, decision nodes in WebSphere Business Modeler generate BPEL links with transition conditions in WebSphere Integration Developer. In WebSphere Process Server mode, WebSphere Business Modeler provides the option to transform the decision node into a BPEL Switch activity, which is then transformed into choice node in the WebSphere Integration Developer Technical Attributes tab. However, this is generally not recommended.
The decision node in WebSphere Business Modeler depicts a graph-based process flow representation that conforms with BPMN notation, whereas a choice node in WebSphere Integration Developer requires each decision branch to be well-structured and self-contained. To maintain a better traceability between the WebSphere Business Modeler process and BPEL, it is recommended that you maintain a one-to-one mapping of the graph-based process flow. This facilitates a much smoother iterative development by reducing complexity in the comparing and merging in WebSphere Integration Developer.
Data flows and variables
There are two ways to specify data flow in WebSphere Business Modeler: Modeler-style and BPEL-style. Modeler-style specifies the data on the links, as shown in Figure 2; whereas BPEL-style uses a local repository, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2. Modeler-style data flow modeling
Figure 3. BPEL-style data flow modeling
Try to avoid mixing the two styles. WebSphere Business Modeler may generate a more complex BPEL if a mixture of styles is used, which may lead to redundant variables being passed around in the business process. It is generally more intuitive to use the Modeler-style data flow modeling. However, if you would like to have more control over the variable name, you should use the BPEL-style because you can specify variable name in BPEL using the Technical Attributes tab, as shown in Figure 4. You might think that defining a local repository will make the process flow look more cluttered, but WebSphere Business Modeler provides an option to hide the local repository so that the process diagram looks cleaner.
Figure 4. Technical Attributes tab of local repository
Well-formed processes
A WebSphere Business Modeler process is a BPMN-based process graph. To transform the process to an executable BPEL process, the process branch regions must be sound and well-formed. For example, exclusive branches mixing with parallel flows creates a mixed process region that cannot be correctly merged or joined later in the process flow. Figure 5 illustrates such an example. Note that the last XOR merge node does not offer a valid synchronization point for the parallel gateway, nor can it be changed to an "AND" join node because this would create a potential deadlock situation for the exclusive gateway.
WebSphere Business Modeler has validation rules to validate the semantics of a process flow to ensure it is well-formed. The same set of validation rules are also used in the BPEL editor in WebSphere Integration Developer to ensure that the process logic is deployable and executable.
Figure 5. Mixed parallel and exclusive branch region
(See a larger version of Figure 5.)
Artifacts based on inline XSD/WSDL
When a WSDL has inline XSD, this means that other WSDL or XSD elements that reside outside the file cannot reference the inline types in that WSDL. For this reason, when importing WSDL with inline XSD into WebSphere Business Modeler, the business service objects become "private." To link a task that references the inline types, you need to use the Map node to map the data of the business service defined by the "private" schema to and from other tasks or business services in the process.
An alternative is to extract XSDs out of WSDLs before import, so that there is no inline element in the WSDL. You can do this when exporting the WSDL in WebSphere Integration Developer, by selecting the option to extract the inline schema and create a standalone "public" schema. You can then import the WSDL and the standalone schema into WebSphere Business Modeler. However, this may not be ideal when the WSDL comes from a third party or the organization doing the business process modeling does not have control on the WSDL.
This article provided some recommendations for iterative development between WebSphere Business Modeler and WebSphere Integration Developer, including how to minimize the impact of model changes made in WebSphere Business Modeler to WebSphere Integration Developer, tips on modeling business processes, and things to look out for when dealing with inline WSDL/XSD as the business service and business service object definitions.
- Iterative development in business process management solutions (developerWorks, 2010): This article describes iterative development approaches in the context of business process management. It recommends a model-centric iterative development approach to accelerate and improve your BPM experience using WebSphere® Business Modeler and WebSphere Integration Developer.
- Model business processes for flexibility and re-use: A component-oriented approach (developerWorks, 2009): This article describes a component-oriented approach to business process modeling that allows you to capture process variability and ensure that your model is reusable. It describes modeling patterns and practices in WebSphere Business Modeler that will help you achieve this goal.
- Modeling for WebSphere Integration Developer implementation: This topic in the WebSphere Business Modeler Information Center describes how to develop business models for use in WebSphere Integration Developer.
- Recommendations for iterative development: This topic in the WebSphere Business Modeler Information Center describes best practices for iterative development.
- WebSphere Business Modeler Advanced V7 Information Center: Get complete product documentation for WebSphere Business Modeler.
- WebSphere Integration Developer V7 Information Center: Get complete product documentation for WebSphere Integration Developer.
- developerWorks BPM zone: Get the latest technical resources on IBM BPM solutions, including downloads, demos, articles, tutorials, events, webcasts, and more.
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Northwest NEWS
ecember 13, 1999
Dining In
Happy holidays!
Safer holiday entertaining
Whether you are stuffing yourself with turkey, delighting in the neighborhood light show, or enjoying the company of family and friends, chances are you will be entertaining or attending some holiday festivities this season.
Turkey tips for the holidays
Before our holiday turkeys get to the supermarket, the USDA requires that all poultry receive a disinfecting bath and processing materials be cleaned with a chlorine solution.
How to take care of poinsettias
Native to tropical Mexico, poinsettias were first brought to the United States by Joel Poinsett, a noted botanist and the first U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. Naturally blooming at Christmas, they have become a holiday tradition.
Emission check changes start Jan. 4
Fewer motor vehicles will need to have their emissions checked starting next month, under changes being implemented by the Washington Department of Ecology.
More home & garden


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Pro walleye tournament angler and owner of Pike Pole Fishing Guide Service


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Your Travel Starts at Zakopane, Poland. It Ends at Sromowce Wyzne, Poland.
Can't get a feel of the tour distance on the small map? How far is Zakopane from Sromowce Wyzne? Would you like to see a larger Map? You want to check the Map from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland!
Apart from the trip distance, do you need road driving directions? Refer the Directions from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland!
How much would be the distance if one could just fly from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne like a bird in a staight line? Check the Flight distance between Zakopane and Sromowce Wyzne, Poland.
Travel time is an important point to know with the driving distance. Hence you might also want to know the Travel Time from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland. This will help you estimate how much time you will spend travelling for the distance from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne.
Want to better plan this Zakopane Sromowce Wyzne distance? Get to know how to Travel from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland.
Do you find travelling by road tiring? Want to know how much time is required to fly from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne? Check the Flight Time from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland.
Are you looking for a comparison between road distance and flight distance? You can check How far is Sromowce Wyzne, Poland from Zakopane.
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Are you planning to take a road trip? Do want an estimate of the fuel cost that you will be spending on this trip? Check the Trip Cost from Zakopane to Sromowce Wyzne, Poland.*The given results are approximate. Road Conditions, Diversions, Weather Conditions, Traffic, etc. affect driving distance.
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WASHINGTON -- Senior negotiators on Capitol Hill worked all Wednesday night and through the day Thursday on negotiations to close a deal on a federal budget and avoid a government shutdown.
But the clock's ticking down. They've got just one day to figure it out or the government will shut down.
For politicos and news junkies, the latest in the twists and turns in the ongoing budget negotiations on Capitol Hill are better than a new box office thriller.
"Why are we still talking about a shutdown?" asked Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill.
But for some, the suspense is agonizing. This is especially true for the estimated 800,000 government workers who might not get paid.
"I work for the federal government. I will be affected by it. I want to be at work. I want to do my job," one government worker said. "I'm being prohibited from doing that if it happens."
The scenario is potentially far-reaching, impacting people way outside of the Washington beltway.
During a recent trip to Baghdad, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates told U.S. military personnel about what will happen to their military pay in the event of a government shutdown.
"If the government shuts down starts on the 8th and goes for a week, you'd get a half a check," he said.
As for the deal brokers, all appear to agree that they want to avoid a shutdown.
"Our goal here is to cut spending not shutdown government," said House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio.
After back-and-forth negotiations and a late night White House meeting, both sides acknowledged progress.
But the morning after, it was a different story.
"I am not nearly as optimistic, and that's an understatement, as I was 11 hours ago," Senate Majority Leader Harry Read, D-Nev., said.
The stalled talks prompted President Obama to call the two top negotiators back to the Oval Office Thursday.
Democrats say the breakdown has less to do with numbers and more to do with policy. They've taken a stand against riders attached to the stopgap budget bill, which would cut funding for things like National Public Radio and Planned Parenthood.
Democrats have accused Republicans of playing politics and pandering to the Tea Party, whose members want deeper cuts. Many Tea Party members support a shutdown.
But Republicans say Democrats shouldn't be pointing fingers.
"If a shutdown does occur, our Democratic friends have no one to blame but themselves," Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said.
Speaker Boehner said Republicans have a bill that will fund the government for another seven days and cut $12 billion in spending.
The question is, whether he can find enough Republicans and Democrats willing to pass it.
CBN News spoke with two House Republicans who say they won't support another stopgap measure unless spending cuts are increased.
President Obama has also threatened to veto a one-week resolution to keep the government open, saying it reduces confidence in the economy and would stunt the slow gains the country has made in rebounding from the recession.
Abortion Funding Fight Could Sink Budget Deal
Late Night Budget Talks Fail to Break Stalemate
Critics Blame 'Empire' Mentality for Gov't Waste
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Do you have pain or an injury that keeps you from functioning as well as you would like? Therapy may help. Currently, Illinois law requires a physician to order therapy. If you don't already have a physician order, OSF IPMR can provide the medical evaluation to determine the right course of action—it's what we do!
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We want to help you save time and avoid payment surprises.
Preregistering for your scheduled appointment can reduce your time in our office to complete required forms. It also helps us confirm your insurance coverage so you may avoid last-minute surprises.


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COMSTOCK TOWNSHIP, MI -- A reward is being offered to help identify three suspects connected to graffiti at Comstock and Gull Lake high schools.
Deputies responded to a complaint of malicious destruction of property at Comstock High School on May 23 and found graffiti spray painted in numerous locations, according to the Kalamazoo County Sheriff's Office. Comstock High School Principal Josh Cunningham told the Kalamazoo Gazette that surveillance footage showed three individuals committing the vandalism around 3 a.m. that Friday.
The football stadium press box, track surface, a concession stand, and the baseball field's dugouts, press box and concession stand were hit with graffiti at Comstock High School. Gull Lake High School had similar vandalism "to the same areas," according to a news release from the sheriff's office.
The sheriff's office put damage estimates "in the thousands." It issued a news release today saying a reward was being offered for information leading to arrest of the vandals, but did not give an amount.
A group of community volunteers worked to remove most of the graffiti on the Comstock High School grounds on Sunday of Memorial Day weekend, Comstock Public Schools Superintendent Todd Mora said.
The district had to hire a sand-blasting crew to assist in removing some of the graffiti. Total costs are "approaching the $5,000 range," Mora said, adding that figure could change as the school evaluates it's options to restore the track surface that was defaced.
"I would say that we have cleaned up almost all of it," Mora said Friday afternoon. "There's a little bit of residue on some surfaces that I think we're going to have to look at some repainting."
With Comstock's commencement ceremony taking place tonight, Mora said there was a substantial push to get as much of the graffiti removed before graduation.
"We wanted our seniors and their parents and family and friends to have a great place to have a graduation celebration," the superintendent said. "The effort has been 100 percent about getting our facilities back to high quality and wanting to have a great celebration for them."
Anyone with information regarding the vandalism is asked to contact the sheriff's office or Silent Observer at 269-343-2100.


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MBNA America Complaint
Credit Card Caution
Last week, I received my MBNA credit card statement, and saw that my monthly minimum had gone up by $70.00. I called customer serive, and they told me that my interest rate had gone up, with no written notification. I asked if they could work with me, since I had been a loyal customer for 6 years, with no missed or late payments...EVER. They transferred me over to their Lending Dept., where I explained my situation outlined in the letter I am attaching for your review. The lender put me on hold for about 3 minutes, and when he came back, he stated that he was closing my account. I was shocked, since I was nowhere near my credit limit, and I had an excellent payment history.
He told me that it was up to their discretion to do so, and when I questioned it, he was rude and insulting.
When I researcehd MBNA for an email or web address, there were none. But what I did find were a number of websites that published similar stories about other MBNA card holders...all of it negative. Here is my story, and thank you in advance for this opportunity.
Mr. Scott Beech
MBNA America
PO Box 15646
Wilmington, DE 19850-5646
Dear Mr. Beech,
I received your letter today regarding your decision on my account. That decision is very upsetting to me, but whats worse is your total lack of consideration and your attitude on the phone the other day, (if it was you. If not, you have rude lenders who talk to your loyal customers.)
I dont want my account reinstated, but I do want your time for a few minutes. I am a college grad, and I was gainfully employed for 25 years. On May 30, 2005, I was a passenger in a car, which was hit by a drunk driver. I and my other 2 friends were sober, (a conscious decision we made as members of MADD), and the drunk driver was 3 times the legal limit, driving the wrong way on the interstate, resulting in a head on collision.
Her actions resulted in my friends, (the driver), immediate death. My injuries were life threatening when they cut me out of the car, (which caught fire), and I was rushed to the hospital. Following 4 surgeries, (with 3 more to come throughout 2005 and into 2006), I spent 2 weeks in intensive care. I then spent another 5 months in a hospital bed in my home, with round the clock care, and in a wheelchair, having to be fed, and using a bed pan. I lost my job and my group benefits. My non-group Blue Cross policy, which I established after I lost my job), went up from $189.00 p/month to $304.00 p/month, following my accident. And none of those charges went on my MBNA credit card. So where do you get off judging me and making assumptions about how I use my credit card????
Now, I am permanently disabled, (no more dancing for me, or going to the gym, or working in my garden like Ive always done). I am currently working with an attorney to obtain disability benefits, which I paid into for 25 years, as a healthy, tax paying American. (It takes anywhere from 12 18 months to get approved. Yet another corporate cluster of nonsense!) Since the drunk driver had no car insurance, I was left with co-pays and deductibles in the thousands of dollars, none of which went on your credit card either). My husband couldnt handle the situation, and he moved to Florida. (nice, huh? Men!) But I am so lucky to have had friends and family to help me out.
Why am I telling you all this? Its because you, (or the unidentified lender that I spoke with), talked down to me like I was pond scum. He lectured me about living on credit, as if I were a child. I wish to remind you that through this whole, horrible ordeal, my injuries, despair and depression, I never once missed a payment, nor was I ever late with one. For 6 years, I was a good customer, with a great credit rating. You have ruined that for me now, and I wanted you to know that.
Mr. Beech, I hope that nothing like this ever happens to you or your family by the grace of God, and that you are never treated with the rudeness and disrespect with which I was treated by the lender, (or was it you?), at MBNA.
When you die and go to heaven, I dont think that God is going to rate you as a human being based upon how many people you screwed with your decisions, or how high up you got on the corporate ladder, or how much money you made for your company and yourself.
May God Bless You, and give you a little compassion and help with your people skills.
Thanks for your time, and always remember that you cant possibly understand a persons situation until you have walked in their shoes.
Your once loyal customer (your words, not mine!)
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Buford R. Pennington, 92, of Amarillo died Saturday, Jan. 6, 2007.
Services will be at 10 a.m. Wednesday in Memorial Park Funeral Home Chapel of Memories, 6969 E. Interstate 40, with Jerald Chadwick, pastor of Central Baptist Church, officiating. Burial will be in Memorial Park Cemetery.
Mr. Pennington was born Nov. 27, 1914, in Winters to Icelena and John Frank Pennington. He married Athel Mullins on July 30, 1938, in Clovis, N.M.
In 1952, he moved the family to Amarillo and worked at several businesses. He was an employee of Highland Park school and retired in 1980 after 21 years of service. Both Buford and Athel loved the mountains and spent many summers there. They were camp hosts for several years at the park in Vallecito, Colo. In recent years, they were both frequent walkers at Western Plaza. Buford was a quiet man who loved his family.
Survivors include his wife; four sons; L.B. Pennington and wife Rita of Canyon, Rick Pennington and wife Deana of Murphy and William Pennington and wife Virginia and Steve Pennington and wife Sue, all of Amarillo; a daughter, Linda Deal and husband Glen of Calhan, Colo.; three sisters-in-law, Mary Mosley and husband Earl of Corona, Calif., Lois Ward of Campbell, Calif., and Ruth Pennington of Canyon; numerous grandchildren; many great-grandchildren; and several great-great-grandchildren.
The family suggests memorials be to Central Baptist Church building fund, 4804 S. Bonham St., Amarillo, TX 79110 or Odyssey Health Care, 6900 W. Interstate 40, Suite 150, Amarillo, TX 79106.
Amarillo Globe-News, Jan. 9, 2007
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They call him Bob - but he's not a real person.
He's a human patient simulator, a kind of high-tech mannequin that Jersey Shore Hospital health care professionals use to mimic the practices of real-life medicine.
Nurses can check his pulse or blood pressure. They even can talk to Bob, and he'll answer back.
"We can do simulated cases," said registered nurse Lori Englert. "It increases patient safety and skills."
Bob's real name is SimMan Essential, and he has multiple functions. When he breathes, his chest rises and falls.
"We can actually start an IV," Englert said. "He can be hooked up with blood."
Actually, the blood is distilled water, but the simulation is there.
"You can feel his pulses," said registered nurse Cathy Gibson. "It's really life-like."
Barb Wool, manager of health education, controls SimMan by laptop computer.
"This is a way of practicing skills without compromising patient safety," she explained. "It improves critical thinking and team communication."
Invasive procedures such as intubation can be performed as well.
While Englert performs a certain procedure on the mannequin, Wool can communicate his verbal responses to pain or other feelings.
"We can pretty much mimic patient scenarios," Wool said. "We can re-inflate a collapsed lung."
Health care professionals were trained last week on using Bob.
The plan is to use Bob for various medical training including CPR and advanced cardiac life support classes.
Wool and Englert said Bob is simply an invaluable learning tool.
"As we go along, we have to develop scenarios we need to address," she said. "We might find we need to improve in certain areas."
The nurses can pre-program any of several patient situations.
Equipped with a debriefing system, SimMan allows for quick reviews of student performances to enhance learning.
The mannequin was given to the hospital through its medical malpractice insurance.


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Berglund Awakens, Blues Start Their Break
Earlier today I posted an article about Patrik Berglund's struggles and how he has fallen well below the point-per-game pace we saw in 2010-11. I discussed whether a trade was a possibility and how any deal involving #21 would be a difficult one to execute. Well, Berglund responded. Something, potentially the article from earlier (One can dream), spurred Berglund on to his best and most impressive performance of the year as the Blues fell to the Penguins in a shootout. Now the Blues will enjoy some significant time off as the NHL takes its All-Star break.
Message received, loud and clear Mr. Berglund. We knew you had it in you. You played with fire and tenacity and used your large size as the advantage it is.
Unfortunately, even a big game from Patrik Berglund wasn't enough to carry the Blues past the Penguins as the shootout once again proved to be a huge area of weakness for the Blues. Pittsburgh's Marc-Andre Fleury really stole the show, robbing the Blues on numerous occasions. The shootout has been a real negative for the Blues this season – something which might come back to haunt them at the end of the year. Tonight's loss moved St. Louis to a record of 1-6 in the shootout, or five points left on the table. In the ridiculously competitive West, each and every point is a critical one.
The Blues now enter the break still looking for an answer to the question of reliable offense that has plagued them all season long. Berglund's play on Tuesday was huge, but will he be able to replicate it down the stretch? The last thing Berglund needs after his strong showing is the All-Star break which will keep the Blues off the ice until February 3rd.
The Blues hope to return Alex Steen after the All-Star break concludes. Andy McDonald's timeline is a bit foggier. McDonald's return is a bit of a question mark for me as I struggle to imagine a scenario where he can jump right back into action and be the McDonald of old. His adjustment to the speed of the NHL may take time – time the Blues may not have to patch their offense. Steen brings a bit more certainty and will be a notable upgrade. His speed and endless pursuit should be a nice boost.
Will a healthy Steen and McDonald be enough for the Blues? Honestly, I'm not sure it would be. I don't think McDonald will be capable of the production fans hope he will make and that leaves us with Steen as the lone reinforcement. At this stage a trade seems like more of an "if" than a "when". An upgrade is clearly needed and I'm not so sure the organization has an answer for it within their current ranks.


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Do you need reliable Internet that's actually in your price range? If so, you need CenturyLink® High-Speed Internet in Tenino, WA. You won't have to worry about sharing your bandwidth with other users because, unlike many other Internet providers in Tenino, CenturyLink gives you a 100% direct Internet connection. Plus, with the dependable speeds of CenturyLink Internet, creating a wireless hub for all of your web-enabled devices will be a breeze! CenturyLink Internet makes streaming music, watching movies, and online gaming faster and more enjoyable. If you ever do have a problem with your CenturyLink Internet, you've got technical support 24/7. And your wireless security is always on with the Advanced Networking modem, so you can browse the web with confidence! You can also add even more security with CenturyLink @Ease. Give us a call today to learn more about CenturyLink Internet in Tenino.
Does your house have bad cell reception that leads to dropped calls? Are you tired of additional charges on your cell phone bill each time you exceed your allotted monthly minutes? When you get CenturyLink home phone service, you'll be able to avoid these annoyances, as a landline phone service is more reliable, and it won't use up minutes or rack up your cell phone bill. If you've got family or friends abroad, you know that even one call costs an arm and leg. Not anymore! CenturyLink Home Phone offers select plans that can save you money on international calls. CenturyLink Home Phone services also make your life easier with all of these advanced calling features:
Everyone knows that DIRECTV is the best when it comes to sports programming. Now, the DIRECTV Bundle from CenturyLink Internet brings you those sports for less! You can enjoy top-notch, speedy CenturyLink Internet plus the incredible options included with DIRECTV for a rate that can't be beat when you get this CenturyLink Bundle. With a DIRECTV Bundle, you'll be able enjoy year-round sports coverage in addition to exclusive access to the celebrated NFL SUNDAY TICKET! And if that wasn't enough, the DIRECTV Bundle gives you the ability to watch sports from multiple TVs and record up to five programs at once§. You can also program your DVR from anywhere, meaning you don't have to worry about missing a single exciting second of your favorite sports team.
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SOUTH PLAINFIELD -- SunDurance, a South Plainfield energy systems developer, has signed a purchase agreement to buy more than 10 megawatts of photovoltaic solar modules from Yingli Green Energy, a manufacturer based in Hebei, China.
The terms of the deal are confidential, but industry experts value the sale in the tens of millions of dollars. SunDurance, one of the largest solar companies in New Jersey, will be using all of the panels for projects in the state. The company is affiliated with the Conti Group, a large construction and engineering firm also located in South Plainfield.
"We think the time has come for the solar market, and in New Jersey the market is particularly hot," said Al Bucknam, a SunDurance spokesman.
This year SunDurance announced a number of large projects in the state: at the Meadowlands, William Patterson University and in Morris County. The company has also been chosen along with five other large solar companies for a $200 million project to construct and operate up to 40 megawatts of photovoltaic power plants at Navy and Marine Corps installations in the southwest.
"We are one of the bigger players in NJ and are certainly pursuing megawatt scale projects on a national basis," Bucknam said.
Yingli Green Energy recently announced that it had received $4.5 million in tax credits to build a manufacturing plant in the U.S., either in Phoenix or Austin, Texas, according to a report by Reuters.
Related coverage:
• Morris County solar energy project will save about 35 percent on energy bills


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The Super Bowl is in Atlanta, but it will be foremost in many American homes, where friends will be hungry for the action on TV as well as plenty of food. That means snacks for station breaks, a buffet at half-time and post-game desserts.
If you've invited enough guests to fill out a couple of taxi squads, maybe you should call the deli and order a 6-foot hero, or plan to pile several large pizzas into the back of the sport ute and haul them back at half-time. Otherwise, pull out the big stew pot and start simmering some chili con carne.
But for a few good friends who enjoy good food along with good football, plan something from your kitchen that's a little special without being a lot of work: Reuben Sandwiches and Warm German Potato Salad.
The sandwiches can be partially prepared ahead of half-time, and the salad can be made before game time and left at room temperature.
Both recipes are adapted from the Culinary Institute of America's recent cookbook, "Garde Manger: The Art and Craft of the Cold Kitchen" (John Wiley & Sons, $55).
The French phrase "garde manger" refers to the storage area where preserved foods such as hams, sausages and cheeses were held. Now it indicates the station in a professional kitchen responsible for preparing cold foods - and the cooks and chefs who prepare them.
But why a hot sandwich and warm salad from a cold kitchen? Well, the Reuben begins with Swiss cheese, corned beef and sauerkraut. All from the garde manger.
Reuben Sandwiches
12 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
20 slices rye bread
1 pound Swiss cheese, sliced thin
31/2 pounds corned beef, sliced thin
11/2 pounds sauerkraut, or to taste, drained well
3/4 cup Russian dressing (optional)
Butter each slice of bread and lay it butter-side down on a baking sheet. Top each with a slice of Swiss cheese and two slices of corned beef. To 10 of the 20 slices, add sauerkraut to taste and a tablespoon of Russian dressing, if desired. Preheat a sandwich griddle or frying pan to medium heat. For each sandwich, transfer two sandwich halves (one with sauerkraut) to the griddle and cook, buttered sides down, until golden brown and hot enough to melt the cheese. Combine the halves. Remove to the baking sheet until all sandwiches are done.
Then, if needed before serving, preheat oven to 350 F and heat sandwiches through. Cut each on the diagonal, put them on a large platter and serve.
Makes 10 sandwiches
Nutritional facts per serving: 820 cal., 60 g pro., 50 g fat (26.5 g saturated fat), 30 g carbo., 2,450 mg sod., 215 mg chol., 4.5 g fiber.
Warm German Potato Salad
21/4 pounds waxy potatoes, such as Yellow Finn or Yukon Gold
2 slices bacon, diced
21/2cups chicken broth
1/4cup white wine vinegar
1 cup diced onion
1 teaspoon sugar, or to taste
1 teaspoon salt, or to taste
Ground white pepper, to taste
1/4 cup vegetable oil
2 tablespoons mild brown mustard
1/2cup chopped chives
Simmer whole, unpeeled potatoes in salted water until they are just tender. Drain and dry. Meanwhile, prepare the dressing: In a heavy saucepan or skillet, cook the bacon until crisp and remove it with a slotted spoon. Reserve the bacon fat. While the potatoes are still hot, skin them and cut them into 1/3-inch thick slices. Combine the oil, reserved bacon fat and mustard and mix with the warm sliced potatoes. Bring the chicken broth, vinegar, onions, sugar, salt, and pepper to a boil and pour over the potatoes.
Just before serving, add the cooked bacon and chives and toss the salad gently. Serve warm.
Makes 10 servings
Nutritional facts per serving: 155 cal., 3 g pro., 6.5 g fat (1 g saturated fat), 25 g carbo., 275 mg sodium, 1 mg chol., 2 g fiber.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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A pest controller, come to dispose of a colleague's mice, told her: "I do a lot of work in Stamford Hill but it's a bit of a problem. This time of year they insist the poison has to be kosher." And how do you make it kosher?
Just make sure it's wheat-free, she said.


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Media Assistant
- Employer
- Verso Advertising
- Location
- New York
- Posted
- Apr 09, 2012
- Closes
- May 09, 2012
- Contact
- Ms. Sarah Moses
- Category
- Advertising, Other, Publishing
- Duration
- Part Time
Midsize, energetic downtown advertising agency specializing in book publishing is looking for a part time media assistant. Duties include generating insertion orders, closing lists, data entry, and some media research. Our ideal candidate has graduated or is attending college, has mastered basic computer skills (Excel, Word, etc.), is amazingly organized, utterly detail minded, able to multi-task, adept at prioritizing, setting and meeting deadlines and works well under pressure. An interest in books is a big plus. 20-25 hours per week.Include cover letter with resume.


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As hundreds of people stood around Rowan University's Hurricane Irene shelter last month, the gymnasium's tense mood suddenly changed when two volunteers pulled out their saxophones and began an impromptu concert.
Those watching had no idea that those two gentleman were two of Rowan's most distinguished employees: Jazz Department director Dennis DiBlasio and Dr. John Pastin, Dean of Rowan University's Department of Fine and Performing Arts.
"The first thing that came to me was 'I can help with music,'" Pastin said of the turbulent day when Rowan's interim President Dr. Ali A. Houshmand asked for community volunteers, "We left there extremely gratified."
Pastin came to Rowan in 1998, after retiring from what can only be called a spectacular career with the U.S. Navy.
"All I wanted to do is perform," he recalled of his younger days when he was looking into college.
After speaking with his high school band director, who was a former Navy musician, and catching a few military band performances on a nightly television program, Pastin began to do some more research.
"I found out what they did for a living and how they supported the services," he said. "Then the next, I guess you could say, is history."
Pastin — who married his high school sweetheart and fellow sax player, Arlene — began his eventual tour of the world with the U.S. Navy on his first deployment to Hawaii in 1969. There, his first daughter, Danielle, was born. In 1972 he was transferred to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, then to Seattle, Wash., where he directed the Navy show band. After that, he went to Virginia Beach where his second daughter, Adina, was born and where he led Navy bands on two, six-month tours of South America.
In 1980, Pastin became an Armed Forces School music teacher before his 1981 transfer to Italy, where his son, Chris, was born and where Pastin directed the NATO Forces Band, with whom Chris currently plays percussion. Next, Pastin was promoted to warrant officer in New Orleans before becoming the assistant director of the President's Own Navy Band in 1986. In 1991 Pastin finished his master's degree at Chicago's Northwestern University to study conducting (Pastin finished his bachelor's degree through the State University of New York's military program and, after coming to Rowan, he completed his doctorate of music from the University of Maryland).
After finishing his master's studies, he went to Washington, D.C. to work at the Pentagon as a Navy music manager in the public affairs office. He then went to Orlando, Fla. to conduct the Navy Band there.
At that point, Pastin was working up the rank ladder.
Then, in 1995 his life took a bittersweet turn.
"The same day that I found out I was selected to be the leader of the Navy band in Washington ... I also found out that I had cancer," he said.
As Pastin conducted one of the most prestigious bands in the world, he also underwent treatment for Hodgkin's Disease.
"So, I'm a cancer survivor, too," Pastin said.
After serving for 3 1/2 years as the Navy Band director, Pastin retired as a U.S. Navy lieutenant commander and came to Gloucester County.
"I came here to be the director of bands and to build a band program," he said of Rowan, remembering the lack of band members and odd instrumentation he had to work with.
"Fourteen years later I have a one-on-a-part wind ensemble of up to 55 people, and I have about a 75- to 80-piece concert band," he said proudly.
Pastin ran the concert band, wind ensemble, football/basketball pep band and all of the department's conducting classes for music education students until he became the department's chair last year. Now, he serves as the interim dean of Fine and Performing Arts, continues to conduct the wind ensemble and writes for the pep band.
"I need to communicate with the faculty in the same way I communicate with musicians on the podium, perhaps," Pastin said as he pondered the differences of all of his past and present positions. "There's a way to do it where everyone is invited to participate."
On the subject of declining music and arts programs in public schools, something that has been a concern to Pastin in the recent months, he said he thinks interest in the arts will return, but it must be talked about.
"Maintaining the arts is maintaining beauty in our lives," he said.
"I think being a strong advocate for the arts is very important, making people aware of what all artists do — not just musicians."
With such an accomplished resume, it's refreshing that Pastin hasn't forgotten his musical roots.
"It's all beauty, there's nothing that's angry or mad or bad about the arts," he said. "It's all beauty, and boy, am I privileged to be in this business."


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Bush Jobs Record Still Worst Since President Hoover
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today that the economy gained 308,000 jobs in March 2004, a gain of 0.24 percent.
This job growth pales compared to the previous administration. This job growth was matched seven times during the 96 months of the Clinton administration. And job growth during the Clinton administration exceeded this growth rate during 27 months. If we look at the entire first quarter of 2004, employment grew by 0.39 percent. That is equal to one of the 32 quarters during the Clinton administration and worse than 27 quarters. This may be the best quarter during the Bush administration, but it would rank as the fifth worst quarter during the Clinton administration.
Despite the job gains in March 2004, the Bush administration's labor market record still remains the worst since the Hoover administration, even if employment growth persists at the rate of job creation in March. The record of the Bush administration on job creation is so bad that even if the economy produces 308,000 new jobs ever month between now and January 2005 employment will have grown by only 0.9 percent, less than two thirds the rate of growth of the second Eisenhower administration which was previously the worst administration since President Hoover in job creation.
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Pleasanton Wedding Venue
1184 Vineyard Avenue
Pleasanton, California 94566
Contact: Palm Event Center Sales
Phone: 925/426-8666
Request more information
Video by Alex Vo Films.
Wedding film shot by Certified By The Guide Videographer IQVideography
The ambiance here is purely palatial or maybe "palazzo," since the feeling you'll get is that you've stepped into the Italian countryside. Set on a 110-acre winery estate and fashioned in a size, scale and simplicity that emphasize the beauty and character of its vineyard setting, the Palm Event Center is certainly a magnificent place for a party.
The facilities are surrounded by vineyards and enjoy views of Mt. Hamilton and Ruby Hill. Guests arrive via a graceful palm-lined approach to find themselves in front of an imposing winery with its roots in the past. The atmosphere is one of privacy and refinement. Celebrations take place in the adjacent Palm Event Center, which has been built using antique brick recycled from an old historic winery. Carefully designed in a manner that blends wine country and Romanesque styles, it's a majestic edifice that bespeaks both taste and means.
The enchantment continues when you step into the Ballroom through the Palm's massive redwood doors. They're made from wine barrels that were aged over 50 years, and constructed by a master carpenter. Inside, a 24-foot-high ceiling and honey-colored Italian-tile floor define the grand scale of this spacious room. High Roman windows connect you with the outdoors: Look through them and you can see the tops of the palms. Weddings, fancy fundraisers, high-end dinner dances and corporate galas will all look impossibly posh in this sumptuous interior. Larger-than-life appointments include French oak barrels and four 800-pound mahogany king's tables ideal for presenting cakes, registration, buffets or banquets in royal style. Handsome portable screens can partition off any area, including the sleek tan-and-black granite bar. And the magnificent catering kitchen enables an all-star staff to turn out delicious contemporary cuisine, guaranteed to dazzle your palate. The sky's the limit on lighting, and this heaven of dual pin spots on adjustable dimmers is better than the stars! Even the seating is exquisite: ultra-comfy chairs are welcoming after a mad whirl (or two or three) around the ballroom.
On the eastern wall, huge floor-to-ceiling windows and glass doors open onto a sizeable, two-tiered patio, which can also be accessed from a trellis- and trumpet-vine-bordered walkway on the side of the building. Floored in tasteful gray stone and attractively lit, it's perfect for cocktails and hors d'oeuvres or for after-dinner drinks under the stars. The well-manicured lawn is another lovely gathering place, perhaps for a ceremony beneath a gorgeous redwood trellis, or for a convivial chat.
The cavernous Estate Room, lined with wine barrels and glittering tea lights, provides more space and is a beautiful setting for an indoor ceremony. This room can also host extra activities and sideshow attractions like an auction, or double as a swanky lounge or casino room. Clean, crisp and cool, it's full of wine-cave romance and the fragrance of ripening vintages.
CEREMONY CAPACITY: The facility holds 300 seated guests indoors and 350 seated outdoors.
EVENT/RECEPTION CAPACITY: The Palm accommodates 350 seated with a dance floor, or 400 seated without.
MEETING CAPACITY: The site seats 400 guests.
A deposit equal to the rental fee or a minimum of $2,500, whichever is greater, is required to reserve your date. 50% of the estimated event total is due 6 months prior to the event, and the balance is due 10 days prior. The rental fee ranges $1,000–5,000 depending on day and time of the event. Meals with a full 4-hour bar package range $83–95/person. Tax and service charge are additional. A $600 ceremony setup fee is extra.
Wedding Receptions
Special Events, Parties
Business Functions/Meetings
Rehearsal Dinners
Catering: in-house
Kitchen Facilities: n/a
Tables & Chairs: provided
Linens, Silver, etc.: provided
Restrooms: wheelchair accessible
Dance Floor: yes
Bride's Dressing Area: yes
Meeting Equipment: CBA, extra charge
Parking: large lot; directed or valet parking required for over 275 guests
Accommodations: no guest rooms
Outdoor Night Lighting: yes
Outdoor Cooking Facilities: n/a
Cleanup: provided
View: vineyards, garden, hills, landscaped grounds, fountain
Other: event coordination
Fountain/Water Feature
Garden Patio/Courtyard
Landscaped Grounds
Banquet Hall/Events Facility
Private Estate
Alcohol: in-house
Smoking: outside only
Music: amplified OK with restrictions
Wheelchair Access: yes
Insurance: included
w/ Restrictions
Wheelchair Accessible
Year-round, daily, 8am–11pm.


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Popular Diets
Switch Lunges
Saturday Morning Drills: Ultimate Summer Body Tone Up
Start in a lunge stance with your right leg forward and left leg back. Keep your back tall with your shoulders rolled back. Twist your upper body toward the right and place both hands by your side. Push up off the ground with your heels and while in mid air, switch your stance so you land in a lunge with you left leg forward and your right leg back. During the mid air transition, bring your hands over to the left side of your body. This move should be done quickly and with control. Keep your legs wide and drop low into the lunge. Try to have the front knee at a 90 degree angle. The lower you go, the more muscles you will need to push your body up for each repetition.Next Slide 1 / 5
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After a college hockey accident left him paralyzed from the chest down 28 years ago this month, Dr. Irmo Marini said he either had the choice to accept his fate, stay home and collect a disability pension or get back in the game and earn as many degrees as possible. He chose the latter.
"This is pretty much the premier award in our profession as it recognizes lifelong overall achievements and contributions to the profession of rehabilitation education. There are approximately 700 rehabilitation educators at over a hundred schools nationally, so I accept the award with great humility. I think most recipients usually get this award near the end of their career, so I'm flattered my contributions were deemed worthy at this stage of mine," Marini said.
The award recognizes educators who have made significant contributions to the rehabilitation field and to the training of rehabilitation professionals. NCRE is a professional organization of educators dedicated to quality services for persons with disabilities through education and research.
He said the award is a testament to UTPA's support of his 12-year career at the Edinburg campus, where he helped establish the master's in rehabilitation counseling program in 1997 as the coordinator, a part of his career that he is most proud of.
"What it says about me as a UTPA professor is really reflected back on just how supportive UTPA has been to me over the years in helping me nurture my skills and allowing me the autonomy and flexibility to pursue my research, teach to my strengths, and allow the time away to serve my profession," he said.
The UTPA rehabilitation counseling program currently ranks as one of the top programs in the country according to the U.S. News & World Report 2009 edition of America's Best Graduate Schools.
Beginning this fall, Marini will once again serve as coordinator of a new program at UTPA and the first program of its kind in the state, the Ph.D. in Rehabilitation Counseling Program.
Several colleagues nominated Marini for the accolade, and all cited his ability to discuss his own personal disability, C-5 tetraplegia, with his students and associates and use it as a tool to enhance his life and the lives of others.
"I don't believe he is distinguished because he has overcome his disability, or compensated for it," wrote Dr. Noreen Graf, Department of Rehabilitation professor who nominated Marini for the honor. "Rather, in the image I conjure up, Dr. Marini grabbed onto it, shook it around a bit, and then used it as a tool to enhance his life and the lives of those around him; as he does with all of his many attributes including his intelligence, humor, and compassion. It is through each of these attributes he has come to connect with people, not only in formal presentations and publications, but in his voluntary motivational talks to local high school students, and in his willingness to serve as a role model to persons with and without disabilities."
Dr. Bruce Reed, College of Health Sciences and Human Services dean, considers Marini one of the most productive UTPA faculty members in the areas of scholarly publications and presentations. Marini has published on a wide range of subjects relevant to the rehabilitation field. He recently published "The Professional Counselor's Desk Reference," a first resource of its kind, serving as a quick, user-friendly guide for both counseling students working toward counselor licensure and certification, and for professional counselors. The 81-chapter guide includes contributions from 95 experts in counselor education, research, and practice.
He is currently working on research concerning the long-term therapy needs of persons with catastrophic injuries, which looks at how much treatment occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech therapists provide people with disabilities and whether or not it's enough, or whether it is limited by insurance maximum visits. So far his initial data has found that insurance limits significantly stifle the maximum gains people with catastrophic injuries can make. In addition, he is looking into what impact religion and spirituality have on people adjusting to spinal cord injury, and also working on producing a report featuring individuals with disabilities and their everyday experiences and discovering what their most pressing issues are.
"Dr. Marini is widely known and respected in the field of rehabilitation. His scholarly works are well known and well read. He is also known on the national level due to his many years of professional service including as president of national professional organizations and service on certifying boards," Reed said.
"One of the strongest attributes of Dr. Marini is his desire and efforts to mentor junior faculty and students in research. Very frequently his published work and presentations include current and former students," added Reed.
Casey Pebley, a former student of Marini's and Project RISE director for WorkFORCE Solutions, said she was not surprised Marini was honored with the award.
"He is most deserving of this award. In fact I would have been very surprised if he didn't win. People like Dr. Marini win such distinguished rewards for a reason," said Pebley, who was one of several colleagues who recommended Marini for the award.
Pebley, who has known Marini for about four years and has worked with him on several outside projects pertaining to her work, said Marini is the type of person that everyone can go to for help, guidance, and mentoring.
"Dr. Marini is a fantastic person and an outstanding professor. To have been taught and mentored by someone like Dr. Marini is a great honor and an incredible opportunity," Pebley said. "All students hoping to achieve a higher college education (graduate or Ph.D.) should have the opportunity to be taught by someone so accomplished and knowledgeable as Dr. Marini is."
Since 1994 Marini, a certified rehabilitation counselor, certified life care planner, and a registered forensic vocational expert, has operated his own forensic rehabilitation consulting practice, Marini & Associates, with offices in San Antonio and Las Vegas. Through his private practice, plaintiff and defense lawyers retain Marini & Associates to develop the overall vocational and future medical care monetary damages when clients are injured either through medical malpractice or product liability.
"As expert witnesses, we testify as to how much money a person may lose vocationally over their lifetime, and alternatively, what will their future medical care costs be. Probably the most exciting thing about this practice is that I not only hire former students to be my associates, but I get to bring these real-life case study experiences into the classroom to share with them," he said.
Marini said he has never really considered his work to be work, but instead a privilege to be able to shape the next generation of young minds.
"I love what I do, I don't consider it work at all; it's fun. What makes it great is working with the students, teaching them, helping them publish, and watching them grow into critical thinkers. When you do something you enjoy, it is rarely if ever stressful, and of course that positively impacts the rest of your life. What I do have to learn from this point is perhaps how to stop and smell the roses a bit more," he said.