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iOS 6 tethered jailbreak now works with iPhone 4 and 3GS
13 Comments
1. RapidCat (Posts: 351; Member since: 12 Jun 2012)
without jailbreak iOS user can't breath clean air?
2. pikapowerize (banned) (Posts: 1869; Member since: 03 May 2012)
why are so people so bitter with apple and its iDevices?! iOS just work just fine! its like you are also saying that rooted android device will be better...
5. RapidCat (Posts: 351; Member since: 12 Jun 2012)
i never say that. i just ask, see the question mark "?"
11. Mxyzptlk (Posts: 12999; Member since: 21 Apr 2012)
Envy. That's all it is.
12. buccob (Posts: 2566; Member since: 19 Jun 2012)
iOS just work just fine just like Google and Nokia Maps...
3. XPERIA-KNIGHT (unregistered)
do you really wanna know why its called "jail break" for IOS and rooted for android?
well apples operating system is a "prison" (restricted) and in order for an ifan to escape that prison and be free, he or she must........ Jail break it!
im not tryna be funny either....makes sense doesnt it?
7. mrllano (Posts: 91; Member since: 20 Aug 2012)
Make sense.. I'm interested why it is called rooted for android
8. baldilocks (Posts: 743; Member since: 14 Dec 2008)
Uhhh, because you are gaining access to the root file system. Google would have told you that in a few seconds.
9. mrllano (Posts: 91; Member since: 20 Aug 2012)
I mean is there any other possible name other than rooted. to make it sound much cooler
10. adelta90 (Posts: 63; Member since: 14 Sep 2012)
If rooted doesnt sound cool enough, then android is not for you :)
4. fistigons (Posts: 330; Member since: 11 Feb 2012)
Too bad my first gen iPad will never see iOS6. I have most of the new features on the device already. Thank you Cydia. I do wish someone would release the ultimate android tablet already.
6. bachelorrn0121 (Posts: 57; Member since: 13 Jul 2012)
You know why iphone user want to jailbreak? Because I think they want to taste android.. ICS, GB and JB are delicious..
13. r2212xx (Posts: 41; Member since: 18 Apr 2011)
Wish they could 'jailbreak' iOS 6 maps and enable street view, bring accurate locations and local business listings...


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Research has for a long time focused on world fairs, great exhibitions or expositions universelles in the capitals of Europe and in the large cities of the USA. Their crucial role in communicating ideas about the identities of the exhibiting nations (and their relation to other cultures) and in showcasing contemporary art and design has been examined in detail. In the heyday of these spectacular events, smaller cities and regional centres worldwide, staged their own great exhibitions modelled on those held in the national (or imperial) centres. Their goals, although executed on a more modest scale, were often the same and involved the promotion and sale of goods but also communication of ideas, ideologies and identities. These smaller shows usually had large ambitions and tried to engage not only the local population but also national and international audiences and exhibitors. This symposium turns attention to the exhibitions of arts and industries in the regions outside the capitals and to the assumptions that lay behind them.
26 April 2012
9.30-10.00 Registration
10.00 Opening
10.05-10.15 Welcome from Dr. Bryony Conway, Dean of School of Art and Design
10.15-11.15 Keynote speech: Prof. John R. Davis, Kingston University, Exhibitions and the Nation-State: the All-German Exhibition at Berlin, 1844
11.15-11.30 Coffee break
11.30-13.00 Session 1: The colonial experience
Rebecca Rice, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, A Ramble through art at the 1865 New Zealand Exhibition
Giovanni Arena, The Second University of Naples, Italy, A fair for an empire. Politics of imagery in the colonial exhibitions of the 20th century organized by the Italian government
Laurence Gourievdis, Blaise Pascal University, France, An Clachan, the Gaelic village at Glasgows 1911 Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry
13.00-14.00 Lunch
14.00-15.30 Session 2 Constructing spaces, constructing places
Taina Syrjðmaa, University of Turku, Finland, Interconnected exhibitions: constructing and experiencing the condensed world in Helsinki in 1876
Jeffer Daykin, Portland Community College, USA, International ambitions of exhibitions at the margins: The relationship of the Osaka (1903) and Portland (1905) expositions
Anne Neale, University of Tasmania, Australia, International exhibitions and urban aspirations: Launceston, Tasmania in the 19th century
15.30-15.45 Coffee break
15.45-17.15 Session 3 The state and the nation I.
Livia Lazzaro Rezende, College of Industrial Design of Rio de Janeiro, The artifice of nature and the naturalisation of the state at the 1922. The Rio International Exhibition
Denise Gonyo, University of Brighton, The development of the modern nation at the Indian National Congress Exhibitions, 1901-1906
Miklµs SzÕkely, Ludwig Museum Museum of Contemporary Art, Hungary, A capital on the margins, the case of Budapest between 1867-1917
27 April 2012
10.00-11.30 Session 4 The state and the nation II.
Samuel D. Albert, The nation for itself: The Budapest 1896 Millennial Exhibition and the Bucharest 1906 National General Exhibition
Tomà Okurka, Unviersity of J. E. Purkyně, Czech Republic, In search of a centre. Exhibitions in the German-speaking
areas of Bohemia before the First World War
Sezgi Durgun, Marmara University, Turkey, From the Culture Park to the International Expo: The İzmir Fair
11.30-11.45 Coffee break
11.45-13.15 Session 5 Cities with great ambitions I.
Marta FilipovÃ, University of Wolverhampton, Displaying the Black Country. Wolverhamptons great exhibitions of 1869 and 1902
Marina Muþoz, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain, The 1888 Barcelonas World Exhibition: an atypical case of a great exhibition
Wilson Smith, University of Edinburgh, Old London, Old Edinburgh: constructing historic cities
13.15-14.15 Lunch
14.15-15.45 Session 6 Cities with great ambitions II.
Claire OMahony, University of Oxford, Frontiers, friends and foes: The International Exhibition of Eastern France 1909
Davy Delepchin, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
The Ghent Worlds Fair (1913): Reconciling historicism and modernity with exoticism
15.45-16.00 Closing remarks
For booking information and directions, please visit greatexhibitions.blogspot.com or contact Marta Filipovà at firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gyllenhaal Falls Hard for Husband in 'Three Sisters': Review
That jolly threesome the Prozorov sisters are back, unlucky in love, unhappy in the provinces and longing to return to Moscow.
This latest revival of Chekhov's comedy of manor, "Three Sisters," is led by Maggie Gyllenhaal and her husband, Peter Sarsgaard. She is Masha, the snotty sister; he, Virshinin, the virile army officer who represents all that Masha's Caspar Milquetoast of a husband isn't. Virshinin doesn't so much sweep Masha off her feet as sweep the cuckolded Kulygin (Paul Lazar) under the rug, at least until the lieutenant colonel's battalion is transferred to the Polish front.
Stranded in stasis with Masha are the eldest, Olga (Jessica Hecht), a spinster teacher and Irina (Juliet Rylance), the youngest, vowing not to settle for Baron Tuzenbach (Ebon Moss-Bachrach), whose passion she cannot requite.
Their violin-playing brother Andrey's (Josh Hamilton) gambling debts have put the family at the mercy of his wife Natasha (Marin Ireland), who seems to have parachuted into their genteel habitation from planet Vulgarville.
I wish I could take all this lachrymosity as seriously as the estimable director, Austin Pendleton. And I'd wholeheartedly blame Chekhov himself (the deck is awfully stacked) had I not seen productions of "Three Sisters" that were less starry but less stagy, too, and which had the spark of life that is mostly absent at New York's Classic Stage Company.
Hi, Andy
The disconnect is compounded by Paul Schmidt's coarse, anachronistic translation (Natasha calls her husband Andy and her babies darlin').
Gyllenhaal can't lift Masha's mean digs above bitchiness; at times she comes across as being too inside a joke we're not privy to. Sarsgaard, on the other hand, finds an appealing balance in Virshinin's mix of self-importance and vulnerability. Hecht brings a relievedly light touch to the unrelievedly whiny Olga. Rylance has moments of grace as the torn kid sister. Did Hamilton's Andrey wander in from the Think Coffee shop around the corner?
They've been given an elegant setting by Walt Spangler that relies heavily on mirrors with patina and a huge central dining table, melancholically lit by Keith Parham. The sisters' demure gowns and the rest of the fine costumes are by Marco Piemontese.
To experience just how powerful the play can be, look to the Anfisa of Roberta Maxwell (and, to an only slightly lesser extent, Louis Zorich's avuncular doctor). She is the aging servant lurking throughout Chekhov's theater works, pricking the conscience. Maxwell, who has been creating indelible women on New York stages for more than three decades, need only shuffle a few feet and widen her bottomless eyes to convey Anfisa's squelched dreams. Rating: **
Through March 6 at 136 E. 13th St., New York. Information: +1-212--352-3101; http://www.classicstage.org.
What the Stars Mean: **** Excellent *** Very Good ** Average * Not So Good (No stars) Avoid
(Jeremy Gerard is an editor and critic for Muse, the arts and leisure section of Bloomberg News. The opinions expressed are his own.)


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Financial Aid Truck Driving School
Does Toyota Ruin NASCAR For You? – NASCAR Racing – Sprint Cup …
I'm old school and that will never change, never. Even bigger news than Toyota in NASCAR and the NASA chick driving 900 miles in a diaper and who never in my life would i by a toyota "truck". their biggest is a little half ton. and they … Read Article
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On March 3, 1991, Rodney King and two passengers were driving west on the Foothill Freeway (I-210 At approximately 6:45 pm, Reginald Oliver Denny, a white truck driver who stopped at a traffic encountered by people of racial minorities, especially at the hands of the police and financial … Read Article
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Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career School and Colleges, has professional courses available that are certified by the Professional Truck Driving Institute, is approved by school, the financial aid office will certify and process the Federal Direct Loan. … View This Document
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Commercial Truck Driving
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OL 235, Driving School Instructor Lesson Plan
A Public Service Agency DRIVING SCHOOL INSTRUCTOR LESSON PLAN COURSE CORE TOPICS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE FIRST AID RELATING TO VEHICLE ACCIDENTS—–1 A. ACCIDENT Bicycles and motor driven cycles (21960, 25451, 25652, 26306 VC) C. CIVIL LIABILITY AND FINANCIAL … View Document
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Categorised as: Financial Aids


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Rap duo OutKast, featuring flamboyant Andre 3000 and Big Boi, grabbed three of the awards, including honors for best group, and best video and best song for "Hey Ya!"
Andre 3000, in a trademark red waistcoat and matching long socks, told the audience, "I hope you don't get tired of us. We only do what we do so see you next time."
Usher wasn't far behind. He captured two awards, including best male and best album for Confessions. Model Naomi Campbell, who has been linked to the singer, presented him with the best male award, smiling broadly and giggling as she read his name. Other winners of the night included Britney Spears for best female, Linkin Park for best rock act, and Alicia Keys for best R&B, among others.
More Photos
Eminem kicked off the night's performances amid the sound of firing machine guns and helicopters. With a military tank as a backdrop, he performed his politically aware new single, "Mosh," accompanied by children dressed in fatigues.
The ceremony, which was beamed live to a potential one billion MTV viewers worldwide, had an old-and-new appeal. Majestic, historic Rome was juxtaposed with the modern world as the awards were held in a specially built tented structure at the city's Tor di Valle.
The Cure's Robert Smith introduced a "shimmering" Gwen Stefani who swung down to the stage suspended from a huge clock to perform her solo hit "What You Waiting For?" and other performers included the pork pie hat-wearing Beastie Boys and Scottish rockers Franz Ferdinand.
Among the other stars and celebrity presenters who turned out were Sarah Michelle Gellar, Duran Duran, AJ McLean and Nick Carter from the Backstreet Boys, and Sharon and Ozzy Osbourne.


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BIRMINGHAM, Alabama -- The new CEO of global aerospace giant Lockheed Martin Corp. is a University of Alabama graduate two times over.
Marillyn A. Hewson, 58, today was appointed to the top position at the company after its board of directors accepted the resignation of Christopher Kubasik following an ethics investigation. Kubasik had a relationship with a subordinate employee in violation of the company's ethics policy, Lockheed Martin said in a prepared statement.
Hewson, who earned an undergraduate degree in business administration and a master's in economics at UA, had been appointed president and COO in April. At that time she told the Huntsville Times that she regularly visits the university. Hewson will assume the role of CEO on Jan. 1.
"Fortunately, we have a strong leadership team and a robust succession plan that allowed the board and me to react quickly and appropriately to this situation," Robert J. Stevens, chairman, said in a prepared statement. "Marillyn is an exceptional leader with impeccable credentials and deep knowledge of our business, customers, shareholders and employees."


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Yahoo launches Axis, it's independent Web Browser
Yahoo! Inc, the multinational Internet Corporation announced the launch of Axis, an independent web browser for mobile devices believed to phenomenally bridge the gap between browsing and results thus obtained.
Entering the bandwagon, Yahoo is optimistic about improving its struggling identity crisis in the industry with the launch of Axis. According to experts, Axis is an outstanding web browser that will change the user experience worldwide positively.
Axis brags the best of Safari's Webkit which sets it apart from other peer browsers currently functional on mobile devices.
"Axis design is highly aimed to skip the middle step of viewing thousands of result links after entering query on a browser. On Axis, people will be directed to the page after entering a query by simply eliminating the step of surfing through a sea of links," Ethan Batraski, head of product for the Search Innovation Group at Yahoo, said.
The idea of skipping the middle step isn't entirely the way drawn in by Yahoo. However, it still possesses revolutionary ways to make your browsing experience phenomenal on the browser.
Axis, the search focused browser app's launch is surrounded by speculations. An Android version of the mobile browser is also said to be in the pipeline. Currently it supports only the iPhone and the iPad.


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University of Melbourne
7 Campuses
36,627 Students
6,170 Staff
Joined U21 in 1997
The University of Melbourne opened in 1855 as Victoria's first university and Australia's second. Now a multi-campus university of over 36,000 students its main campus is a focus of the City of Melbourne's 'Knowledge Precinct' and the prestigious medical research precinct, the 'Parkville Strip'. In 2003 the University celebrated the 150th anniversary of its establishment with a program of events within Australia and overseas, under the themes of 'A Sense of History' and 'Giving to Students and the Community.'
Today Melbourne is recognised internationally for its academic and research excellence and its leadership in linking with industry in research centres of strategic national importance —including partnerships in 22 Cooperative Research Centres and a founding partnership in Bio21, a major biotechnology precinct, supported by the Victorian Government.
The University maintains its position as Australia's leading research university, based on all of the Australian Government's four key indices of university research performance. Melbourne's cultural connections include the Melbourne Theatre Company, Melbourne University Publishing, the Victorian College of the Arts, and the Ian Potter Museum of Art. Alumni are leaders in politics and public service, major contributors to the arts, sciences and the professions, and winners of Nobel and Australia Prizes.
A commitment to internationalisation, and specifically to Universitas 21, is central to the University's 'Melbourne Agenda' - a strategic vision that aims to position Melbourne internationally as a superb campus-based research and teaching university.
The University of Melbourne has 11 faculties offering a diversity of humanities, science and professional degrees, a School of Graduate Studies and the Melbourne Business School. It is home to over 8000 international students and many Melbourne students also choose to study overseas, earning credit towards their Melbourne degrees. Each year Melbourne Scholarships - many equity-based – provide study opportunities for around 3000 high-achieving students. A university of choice for high achieving students both within Australia and internationally, Melbourne places major emphasis on the quality of students' 'Melbourne Experience'. Melbourne seeks to provide a campus environment and a rewarding learning experience supported by a powerful mix of face-to-face teaching with newer online technologies and pedagogies, sophisticated multimedia learning tools and high-quality teaching and learning infrastructure. At the postgraduate level, the student experience is enhanced through Melbourne's combination of a School of Graduate Studies and a Postgraduate Students' Association working together in the dedicated Graduate Centre.
The University has successfully expanded its main campus, situated on the edge of Melbourne's central business district, with the adjacent University Square development which includes a purpose-built Law School and ICT Building, and an award winning energy efficient building accommodating research and development related activities. Twelve University residential colleges and halls of residence are located close to the campus.


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Rent Friday My Radio Flyer Flew 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Zachary Pullen. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers.
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Virtual Tour
Check out UMM's new Virtual Tour! Hear from students, check out the campus, and see what makes UMM unique.
Visiting Campus
There's only one way to find out if UMaine-Machias is right for you: visit! We invite you to come and experience our campus first-hand. Talk to our students and faculty, go to some classes, have lunch or dinner at Kilburn Commons, and go to the beach... even if it's snowing! Soak up all that UMM has to offer.
You'll discover a world that's maybe very different from your own, and it just might feel like home.
» Schedule a Visit
At UMM, all campus tours are tailored to your needs. You can schedule a visit using our online form, e-mailing firstname.lastname@example.com, or give us a call at 1-888-468-6866. Our Admissions staff will build a schedule that reflects exactly what you are looking for in your visit. Please be aware that our staff is on the road September and October visiting schools near you! We are very limited in the times that we can schedule individual visits during those times.
» Open Houses
Come to one of our upcoming Open Houses where you'll explore our academic programs, learn about UMM's hands-on experiential learning opportunities, talk with faculty and current students, visit the residence halls, have lunch in Kilburn Commons, and explore the area.
Upcoming Open Houses: October 7th and 22nd
See registration form
Registration is at 8:30 a.m. Program runs from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Reserve your space for our next Open House today:
- Fill out our online registration form
- E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Phone: 1-888-468-6866
» Where is Machias?
We're located at 116 O'Brien Avenue, Machias, Maine 04654.Click here for directions
Download a campus map ( PDF)


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Practicing nurse practitioners in the Rio Grande Valley and students in the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) program at The University of Texas-Pan American now have the opportunity to improve their clinical skills through a new course, "Special Topics: Advanced Clinical Skills for Nurse Practitioners."
The three-hour course is the first of its kind in the MSN program and is available only during the summer. It is designed to offer nurse practitioners both didactic and hands-on components to increase their marketability in the field.
"Offering this course allows students and graduates to gain skills that they might not have had the opportunity to learn," said Dr. Barbara Tucker, UTPA MSN coordinator. "It also saves them money and time because they don't have to go to numerous workshops to learn only one or two skills."
In the course, students will learn how to suture, perform a diabetic foot exam, remove and treat various dermatological lesions, perform biopsies, insert intrauterine devices (IUDs) in pelvic models, remove ingrown toenails, and other clinical applications and office procedures.
Thelma Fitzgerald, a recent program graduate, said this course was a blessing because she is not spending her own money to attend various seminars and learn techniques.
"Thank God for this course because we are learning some good basic procedures, and our instructor is getting experts from all different fields to guide us," Fitzgerald said.
Frank Piña, the first male ever to graduate from the MSN program, returned to the University to improve his clinical and office skills. He said he wants to provide patients with quick solutions to their medical problems during their visits.
"If we are on our own in a clinic, a patient may come in with a gash on their arm and we would have to refer them somewhere else like an emergency room because we are not skilled in suturing," said Piña, who graduated last spring. "Now, we will be able to help them because of what we have learned here."
Tucker said many Valley nurse practitioners will end up working alone in rural clinics with no physicians on the premises, and that is why taking the course is important.
Texas has more than 3,600 nurse practitioners, Tucker said, and major metropolitan areas have adequate nurse practitioners to meet the demand. However, the Valley only has 2.7 percent of the state's total.
The new course is funded through the Advanced Nurse Education Program Grant, which was donated by the Division of Nursing of the Bureau of Health Professions in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Betty Bautista, M.N., C.S., F.N.P., instructor, believes students enrolled in this course will be more assertive on the job whether they are recent MSN graduates or veteran nurse practitioners in the community.
"The bottom line is that they will help more people and save doctors a lot of money," Bautista said. "They will be more confident and credible nurse practitioners."
An elective, the special topics class is Monday and Tuesday from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. The next course will be offered for the second summer session and begins July 16.
For more information, interested applicants should contact the Master of Science in Nursing Program at 956/316-7082 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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We use cookies on our website to help give you the best online experience. Tell me more
Make a home for wildlife
Chris Shields
Crataegus monogyna
Also known as: May tree, quickthorn
Hawthorn is probably the commonest hedgerow shrub, and can be found throughout the UK. It provides food for more than 150 different insect species, so is a very valuable addition to any wildlife garden.
It has lobed leaves and is covered with clusters of flowers in May. By autumn the flowers have turned into the red berries beloved by birds. It has long, sharp thorns and as a hedge forms a very secure barrier. Hawthorn is a deciduous species and its young leaves have a distinct 'nutty' flavour.
It tolerates a wide variety of conditions, including polluted and exposed sites. The other kind of British native hawthorn is Crataegus laevigata and you will find various garden varieties, including C. laevigata, 'Pauls Scarlet', which grows into an attractive small tree.
When buying a hawthorn, make sure it comes from nursery-grown British stock. Often they've been imported from eastern Europe and may have been taken from the wild. Continental varieties flower at different times and are more prone to mildew than native strains.
Native: YesFlowers: Small, strongly scented, white, pink or red in May and JuneFruits: Red berries, or haws, from September onwards


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A flight from Europe to South Africa for example emits around 3,000 kg of C02 into the atmosphere per passenger. This equals the total output of CO2 that can be allotted to each human being per year without harming the environment.
In order to compensate for a portion of the emissions caused by air travel, Umfulana has a tree planted in South Africa for each of our clients.
Only indigenous trees are selected, such as Yellow Wood (podocarpus), Wild Peach, Fever Tree and White Stinkwood (Celtis Africana). Before they were nearly eliminated by lumber companies in the 19th century, these tree species were mainly found in the valleys of Natal, where they were protected from forest fires.
The trees used in our project are planted on several farms north of Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal. They are placed along streams, around dams or as a buffer between remaining natural forests and commercial plantations. This helps create an ecological network in which indigenous plants and animals can be better protected.
At the same time, the project contributes to the permanent removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. A White Stinkwood binds around 4,000 kg of CO2 over a 20 year span, while a Yellow Wood binds about 3,000 kg over a period of 50 years.
The cost of planting a tree is € 24.00. We would ask all travellers to Southern Africa to make a contribution of € 12.00 per person (50% of the total cost). The voluntary contribution to climate compensation is included in the price of our tours but can be removed upon request. Otherwise, Umfulana will donate the remaining 50% of the contribution.
Participating clients receive the GPS data of the farm on which their tree is planted. Due to the fact that the planting season is from September to February, the trees may not be planted until after the particular trip in some cases.


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Toshiba Qosmio X505-Q887 is an 18.4-inch laptop prepared with a 1.73 GHz Intel Core i7-740QM processor, 4GB DDR3 RAM, and 500 GB SATA hard drive. It sports an 18.4-inch HD TruBrite display, NVIDIA GeForce GTS 360M amid 1 GB GDDR5 separate graphics memory, Blu-ray Disc ROM and DVD SuperMulti drive, Integrated microphone, Webcam and microphone, 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi, HDMI port, and 12-cell battery. The laptop runs on Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit OS.
As a high-configured 18.4″ laptop, Toshiba Qosmio X505-Q887 is a huge desktop substitution, so if youve been tormented by your desktop PC, its correct time to restore it with this one. Certainly, it is as well a ideal gaming laptop, you can play any type of games on it.


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Jeffrey D Boyd
Since his graduation from law school in 1982, Jeff Boyd has established a remarkable legal legacy. Jeff began his path to the law in Kent, Ohio, where he attended Kent State University. Upon graduation, he enrolled in The Ohio State University College of Law, in Columbus, Ohio, where Jeff spent much of his career, working both as a partner at large law firms and as the head of his own law office. During this time, he also served as the President of the Franklin County Trial Lawyers Association and as a Board member of the Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers, for which he received the President's Award.
Throughout the course of his career, Jeff has tried over 100 civil jury trials, an impressive accomplishment that is rare even among experienced trial lawyers. Jeff has represented hundreds of people who were injured as a result of motor vehicle collisions, motorcycle collisions, unfair treatment by insurance companies, wrongful death, medical negligence, defective products, legal malpractice, and police abuse and misconduct. He has also litigated numerous business, probate, and family law disputes.
Throughout his career, Jeff has endeavored to provide personalized service to each client he works with, preferring to take part in every aspect of developing a case rather than relying on staff to manage details. His approach to law has always been based on digging into the details and data of a case in order to see the larger picture more clearly, requiring personal interaction with the client and an understanding, working relationship.
Jeff is also president of Boyd Trial Consulting and has served as a trial consultant throughout the United States for over 15 years. As a result of his extensive trial experience, other lawyers regularly hire Jeff to assist them with their cases. He provides a variety of trial consulting services including interactive focus groups, mock trials, theme development, strategic analysis, witness preparation, jury selection, creation of demonstrative evidence, and trial coaching to enable other lawyers to effectively present their cases at trial. Clients of Nelson Boyd receive the full benefits of the services of Boyd Trial Consulting without additional legal fees.
In his spare time, Jeff is an avid sportsman and a hobbyist, enjoying road biking and skiing as well as photography and hot rods. He brings the same passion to his professional pursuits that he has in his personal life, reveling in the combination of intellectualism and street smarts that a career in law demands.
At Nelson Boyd, Jeff has brought his unique and extensive trial law experience to the Washington region. All clients of Nelson Boyd receive the full benefits of Boyd Trial Consulting's services at no additional cost, and more importantly, they experience Jeff's dedication to pursuing justice on behalf of his clients. Jeff's strong commitment to this principle is demonstrated by his membership in the American Association for Justice and Public Justice, as well as his standing as an Eagle member of the Washington State Association for Justice, where he serves on the Legislative Steering Committee and the Editorial Board of the Trial News.


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Kinos, Sampsa*; Kurppa, Kalle†; Ukkola, Anniina†; Collin, Pekka*,‡; Lähdeaho, Marja-Leena†; Huhtala, Heini§; Kekkonen, Leila||; Mäki, Markku†; Kaukinen, Katri*,‡
*School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
†Pediatric Research Centre, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
‡Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
§Tampere School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
||Finnish Celiac Society, Tampere, Finland.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Katri Kaukinen, MD, PhD, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland (e-mail: email@example.com).
Received 3 February, 2012
Accepted 8 March, 2012
The Celiac Disease Study Group and the present study are supported by the Academy of Finland Research Council for Health, the Competitive Research Funding of the Pirkanmaa Hospital District, the Ehrnrooth Foundation, the Foundation for Pediatric Research, Maud Kuistila Foundation, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The study sponsors had no role in the study design or collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing of the article, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
www.clinicaltrials.gov registration no. NCT01145287.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Objectives: Because of a variable clinical picture, most children with celiac disease remain unrecognized without active serologic screening. Because, however, many patients are asymptomatic, the justification for screening remains unclear. We assessed health and well-being and the effect of a 1-year gluten-free diet in a nationwide cohort of children with celiac disease detected by screening in at-risk groups.
Methods: A total of 222 newly detected children received a validated questionnaire covering aspects of the burden caused by the undiagnosed celiac disease. After 1 year, adherence to the diet and difficulties attending this, attitudes toward and effects of disease and diet on daily life, and parents' satisfaction with the diagnosis were inquired about. The children's health and parents' concern for it were asked about at diagnosis and on treatment. The outcomes of screen-detected children were compared with those of children diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms.
Results: Forty-three screen-detected and 88 symptom-detected children responded. Also, 65% of the screen-detected patients experienced symptoms; these, however, being less troublesome and of shorter duration than in symptom-detected subjects. There were no differences between the groups in dietary adherence (71% vs 84% strict diet), management of the diet (80% vs 80%), alleviation of symptoms (78% vs 86%), and improvement in daily life (73% vs 69%), or in satisfaction with the diagnosis (93% vs 88%). Improved health and reduced parental concern were observed in both groups.
Conclusions: Screen-detected children with celiac disease can attain satisfactory dietary adherence and benefit from treatment similarly to symptom-detected patients. The results support intensified screening for celiac disease in at-risk children.
See "Screening Celiac Disease in At-risk Groups: Effect of Diagnosis on Perceived Health of Children and Their Families" by Valitutti et al on page 365.
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune-mediated enteropathy caused by dietary gluten. The disorder has both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations and the clinical picture is thus diverse (1–3). Furthermore, patients may be asymptomatic and identifiable only through intensified screening in at-risk groups such as relatives of patients or subjects with other autoimmune diseases (4,5). By reason of the heterogeneous clinical presentation, the disease remains markedly underdiagnosed (6,7). It, however, is unclear whether all of the affected subjects should be sought out by screening. In symptomatic celiac patients, the benefits of a gluten-free diet are well established because it has been shown to reduce clinical symptoms and ameliorate complications (8,9). By contrast, it is by no means settled that screen-detected children gain equal benefits from treatment (10). A strict gluten-free diet imposes major limitations on daily life and is difficult to maintain, as demonstrated by the frequently observed poor adherence (11–13). In addition, removal of gluten from baked products renders them less palatable than comparable items in the normal diet. Particularly children and adolescents may feel isolated from their peers because of the illness and restrictive diet (14,15). Thus, when weighing the possible harm and benefit of active screening, it is essential to consider the patients' personal perceptions and the experienced burden of the disease. Furthermore, the child's specific needs as a patient should be taken into account.
The aim of the present nationwide prospective study was to evaluate subjective perceptions of health and well-being in newly diagnosed children with celiac disease and adolescents detected by screening in at-risk groups and to investigate the parents' experience of the disease. Subsequently, the effect of a 1-year gluten-free diet was assessed. The results were compared with those of children diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms.
The study was conducted at the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere, and Tampere University Hospital. The participants were recruited in collaboration with the Finnish Celiac Society, which presently has more than 20,000 members. Approximately 70% of celiac patients in the country belong to the society. Between February 2007 and May 2008, all of the new members younger than 16 years were invited to participate and received a mailed structured questionnaire. Newly detected (within 12 months) patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease were eligible. A follow-up questionnaire was sent to all of the original respondents after 1 year on a gluten-free diet. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the study subjects and their parents.
In the baseline questionnaire, participants' demographic data and the severity and inconvenience of the possible clinical symptoms before diagnosis were asked. In the follow-up questionnaire after 1 year on the diet, strictness and difficulty in maintaining a gluten-free diet, its effects on clinical symptoms and daily life, children's attitudes toward celiac disease, and parents' satisfaction with the children's diagnosis were inquired about. In addition, the self-perceived health of the child and parent's concern for it were assessed at baseline and after 1 year on a gluten-free diet.
The appropriateness of the questionnaires was tested beforehand within the Finnish Celiac Society. A subset of 11 patients with celiac disease also completed the questionnaire 1 week after the first appointment, and test–retest reliability was established using the interclass correlation coefficient. For the key items in the questionnaire, the kappa values for test–retest reliability ranged from 0.84 to 1.00 (values above 0.70 being regarded to be excellent). Because the items inquired in the questionnaire were separated, a Cronbach α was not calculated. Face and content validity of the initial items were ensured through evaluation of the survey content by pediatric and adult gastroenterologists and by a celiac disease focus group.
After collection of the baseline data, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the clinical presentation of celiac disease at diagnosis:
1. Subjects diagnosed by screening in population-based research programs or in at-risk groups such as first-degree relatives and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, or Down syndrome (screen-detected celiac disease, study group)
2. Patients diagnosed on the basis of gastrointestinal or extraintestinal complaints such as diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, growth retardation, dermatitis herpetiformis, arthritis, arthralgia, or neurological symptoms (symptom-detected celiac disease, control group)
All of the data were blindly coded before the analyses. When appropriate, chi-square test in cross-tabulations and Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences between groups and paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare changes within groups. All of the testing was 2-sided and P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. All of the statistical data were analyzed by the PASW for Windows statistical software package version 18.
A total of 222 questionnaires were sent and 144 (65%) families responded. Eight respondents with too old diagnosis and 5 with no biopsy-proven celiac disease were excluded. Of the 131 eligible children, 129 (98%) returned the follow-up questionnaire. Forty-three (32%) cases were found by screening (study group); of the remaining 88 (68%) symptom-detected patients (control group), 43 had experienced gastrointestinal and 45 extraintestinal symptoms. The age and sex distributions between the screen- and symptom-detected groups were comparable (Table 1). Of note, 65% of the screen-detected patients had also experienced some clinical symptoms before diagnosis; however, the symptoms were of shorter duration and less troublesome when compared with those in the symptom-detected control group. As to the parents' reaction to their children's diagnosis, there was no difference between the screen- and symptom-detected groups (Table 1).
After 1 year on the diet, there was no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in dietary adherence, and none of the children reported unrestricted gluten consumption (Table 2). There were somewhat more occasional dietary lapses among the screen-detected patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. In a subgroup analysis among screen-detected subjects, dietary adherence did not differ between completely asymptomatic children and those who reported symptoms at diagnosis (P = 0.839).
The screen- and symptom-detected children were equally capable of maintaining a gluten-free diet, and only 2 subjects in both groups found it difficult to cope with (Table 2). Despite differences in baseline presentation, comparable percentages in both groups reported that the symptoms had disappeared or decreased on diet (Table 2). Of note, 50% of the screen-detected children with no apparent symptoms at diagnosis also reported alleviation of symptoms. The treatment was considered equally beneficial in daily life in both the screen- and symptom-detected children (Table 2). In addition, 93% of the screen-detected and 88% of the symptom-detected patients reported a positive or indifferent attitude toward celiac disease after 1 year, and in all but 2 families the parents were content that the children had been diagnosed (Table 3).
At diagnosis, parents in the screen- and symptom-detected celiac disease groups rated their children's overall health similarly (Fig. 1). After 1 year on a gluten-free diet, significant improvement in experienced health was observed in both groups (Fig. 1). Likewise, both sets of parents were equally concerned for their children's health at diagnosis, and the present concern was significantly reduced in both groups on treatment (Fig. 2).
Patient satisfaction and self-assessed health have become important criteria in evaluating the quality of health care (16). In the present prospective, nationwide study, we focused on patient-centered outcomes concerning the subjective burden of celiac disease. For this reason, we did not use traditional quality-of-life parameters, but instead sought to uncover the hidden issues that families with children having screen-identified celiac disease themselves find important in respect to the subjective burden of the illness. Our results showed screen-detected and symptom-detected children and their families to evince equal response to the celiac disease diagnosis and subsequent treatment with a gluten-free diet. Regardless of the initial clinical presentation, most children were satisfied at being diagnosed and adapted to living with their condition. Furthermore, the treatment was clearly beneficial for both screen- and symptom-detected children, because their self-perceived health improved significantly while on the diet. This beneficial effect was shared by the parents, whose concern for their children's health was reduced. It is important to note that most screen-detected children in the present study were not asymptomatic at diagnosis, but had in fact experienced unrecognized celiac disease-related symptoms, which is in line with earlier findings (4,5,7,17). Furthermore, 50% of those screen-detected patients who initially reported no symptoms experienced clinical improvement on a gluten-free diet. These findings suggest that some untreated children with celiac disease adapt to minor, vague gluten-induced symptoms, which are recognized only retrospectively after successful dietary therapy. Such recovery may partly explain why screen-detected children and their families adjusted so well to the diet, although this meant radical changes in everyday eating habits and lifestyle (18).
Long diagnostic delays in celiac disease are common in both children and adults (19–21). Increased awareness of the diversity of symptoms among health care professionals and augmented serological testing have been shown to reduce delay in diagnosis (22,23). Also here, even though many screen-detected celiac disease patients had experienced clinical symptoms before diagnosis, active screening markedly shortened the diagnostic delay compared with that in the symptom-detected children. Interestingly, screen-identified children also experienced significantly less trouble from their symptoms when compared with the symptom-detected patients. This suggests that intensified screening may identify children with celiac disease before symptoms worsen and increase the burden of the disease. The present findings emphasize the importance of active screening and early recognition of celiac disease in children belonging to at-risk groups or experiencing ambiguous symptoms.
Due to the restricted nature and expense of a gluten-free diet, compliance with the regimen easily remains inadequate (13,24), and especially adolescent patients with celiac disease and those detected by serological screening are thought to be at risk of poor adherence (11,25). It has further been suggested that screening at a younger age (from 2 to 4 years) may positively influence dietary adherence (5). Although our screen-detected celiac disease group contained children in all of the age groups and occasional dietary lapses were slightly more common among the screen-detected group, the overall adherence to the diet was equally good in both groups. The fact that many screen-detected children had family members with celiac disease may have contributed to these positive results. In contrast to previous findings (11,25), our results suggest that relatively good dietary adherence is achievable also in children with celiac disease detected by serological screening in at-risk groups.
The major strengths of the present study were its prospective nature and nationwide coverage. Furthermore, the use of self-reported data offered an opportunity to explore patient-related outcomes and subjective disease burden among children with celiac disease and their families. It is true that all of the participants were members of the national celiac society, which may have made for positive results and may limit their applicability. We nonetheless believe that our cohort was well representative of children with celiac disease in general because approximately 70% of all of the patients with celiac disease in the country are members of the society. In addition, the presence of diverse gastrointestinal and atypical symptoms in our subjects is characteristic of the wide range of patients with celiac disease encountered in present-day clinical practice (1–3). Overall, we take these results also to be a reflection of the countrywide celiac disease awareness campaigns started in the 1970s, which have brought out a biopsy-proven prevalence of 0.7% of the total population in Finland (26). The fact that we used self-reported data may be considered a limitation to the study in that it may involve inaccuracies. Few studies have shown that self-reported gluten-free diet assessment can be unreliable, because self-reported measures may not correlate closely with nutritionist evaluation, serologic screening, or small bowel biopsy results (27,28). Nevertheless, in our study, data on screen- and symptom-detected patients with celiac disease were processed similarly, making the comparisons between the study groups appropriate.
In conclusion, the present study showed that early diagnosis and dietary treatment of celiac disease in screen-detected children does not increase the burden of illness, but rather relieves it in like manner as among symptom-detected patients. In addition, a positive attitude toward the diagnosis and satisfactory adherence to a gluten-free diet can also be achieved in the present patient group. These findings indicate that active case finding and screening for celiac disease in at-risk groups is justified in children.
This article has been cited 1 time(s).
burden; celiac disease; child; gluten-free diet; screen detected
Copyright 2012 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN
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Opening week of the 2013 MLB season is now in the books, and there were plenty of winners and losers to go around.
The eyes of many fans were focused on quite a few players who were making their debuts with new teams. Other fans were eyeballing their favorite teams that made wholesale changes to their rosters.
Then there were those watching rookies to see how they would perform under the bright lights for the very first time.
Here are 20 examples of either hot starts or cold beginnings in baseball's first week.


text: I need your help for a new cookbook and show we are putting together. I want to gather the recipes for the most famous dishes from every cuisine. French, Italian, Irish (?), Greek, Indian, Eastern European, etc. So for French it would be things like Coq Au vin and for Greek it would be Pastitsio. But I need at least 20 dishes from 20 different cuisines. Please let me know your candidates.