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Addressing Domestic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Critical Issues for Culturally Competent Services
Sheetal Rana
Immigrant women as a social category are a diverse group. In the U.S., there are approximately 18 million women and girls who have emigrated from many countries around the world, under a myriad of circumstances, and with different types of immigration status (American Community Survey, 2008). They are from various socio-economic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Their age, sexual orientation, individual abilities, and levels of acculturation to the mainstream society vary. Amidst this diversity, immigrant women may share experiences, everyday realities, and a collective identity as immigrants, making them different from the mainstream society. These differences and similarities among immigrant women pose challenges in offering services to immigrant survivors of domestic violence, as well as highlight the importance of culturally competent services .
Central to culturally competent domestic violence services to immigrant women is an in-depth understanding of domestic violence in immigrant communities. Cultural competence is a process that involves individual practitioners and systems responding to their clients in ways that recognize, value, and respect the clients' cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors (NASW National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity, 2001; Rothman, 2008). In offering culturally competent domestic violence services to immigrant women, knowledge about socio-economic, cultural, and political contexts within which immigrant women experience domestic violence can be a useful guide. Such knowledge may contribute to the development and implementation of policies, programs, and approaches that respectfully as well as effectively respond to the unique and specific needs of immigrant survivors. With this purpose in mind, this paper focuses on what we can learn from existing research on immigrant women and domestic violence.
This paper is organized into three sections: 1) overview of methodological issues in research used to generate knowledge of the nature and dynamics of domestic violence in immigrant communities; 2) research findings that help us understand the broad contexts within which immigrant women experience domestic violence; and 3) considerations for culturally competent services. Legal protections available for immigrant women survivors are discussed in another VAWnet Applied Research document by Shetty and Kaguyutan (2002) and, therefore, are not discussed in this paper. The terms "immigrant women survivors," "immigrant survivors," and "survivors" are used throughout this paper to refer to immigrant women who survive domestic violence.
Research on domestic violence in immigrant communities
Relatively little research exists on domestic violence in immigrant communities, and most have methodological limitations. In an extensive review of literature, Yoshihama (2008) identified the following methodological limitations commonly found in research on domestic violence in immigrant communities:
- Exclusion - Large-scale studies tend to exclude certain groups because interviewers recruited may not be able to speak languages spoken by these groups;
- Uneven attention - Research focuses mostly on Latina/Hispanics and Asians, and there is limited research focusing on other groups, such as Arabs, Africans, Caribbeans, and Europeans;
- Aggregation - Many studies aggregate subgroups of immigrant populations, which prevent identification of within-group variation;
- Lack of attention to socio-cultural context - Standardized instruments used in many studies are based on experiences of the mainstream population and may not be relevant to immigrant populations or may be interpreted differently by different groups; and
- Limited comparability - Existing studies vary in sampling criteria, measures used, data collection methods, and study framework, resulting in limited comparability of findings between studies.
While these limitations pertain mainly to quantitative studies, most qualitative studies of domestic violence in immigrant communities are based on relatively small samples of specific immigrant groups. This means that findings from these qualitative studies cannot be applied to immigrant women survivors who are not in these studies. Nevertheless, these qualitative studies generate a greater understanding and knowledge of domestic violence among those directly studied, as they situate the survivors' domestic violence experiences within their specific social and cultural environment. Findings of these studies are discussed in the next section.
Domestic violence in context: A research review
The contexts surrounding immigrant women's experiences of domestic violence comprise formal and informal institutions, such as the U.S. immigration agency, employment agencies, communities, families, and their norms, values and practices. Within these contexts, a woman holds many social positions and these may overlap (Crenshaw, 1995; Shields, 2008). For example, an immigrant woman is (or is seen as) a woman, an immigrant, a mother, a partner, a daughter-in-law, a community member, an employee, and so on. She may be all of these at the same time or at different times. These social positions may increase or decrease her vulnerability to domestic violence. An understanding of these multiple contexts of domestic violence facilitates the development and implementation of culturally competent services to immigrant women. This section draws on existing research to describe these contexts, beginning with immigration status as a societal context of immigrant women's lives.
Immigration status
A survivor's immigration status influences her access to legal protections, which in turn influences her risk for domestic violence. Abusive partners often use survivors' immigration status to threaten them with deportation and to control them in various ways. For example, a study with 24 Russian-speaking immigrant women found that some abusive men used threats of deportation, did not complete necessary paperwork for their partners, and did not allow their partners to acquire permanent resident cards (Crandall, Senturia, Sullivan, & Shiu-Thornton, 2005). This type of power and control is facilitated by legal immigration procedures that allow citizens or legal residents control over filing their foreign partners' immigration papers (Dutton, Orloff, & Hass, 2000). The U.S. Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) includes a provision for immigrant survivors to self-petition to obtain permanent resident statuses. While this opens up opportunities for immigrant survivors to leave abusive partners, studies have found that many immigrant women survivors were not aware of how legal systems work, legal protections available to them, or the necessity to gather evidence of abuse (Bhuyan, Mell, Senturia, Sullivan, & Shiu-Thornton, 2005; Crandall et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 2005; Latta & Goodman, 2005, Ingram et al., 2010).
Immigration status influences survivors' responses to domestic violence. Survivors often consider their immigration status, as well as that of their partners, when deciding to (or not to) report domestic violence to the police. Studies have found that many immigrant survivors do not report domestic violence out of fear that their partners may go to jail and be deported, or that they and their children may be deported along with their partners (Sullivan, Senturia, Negash, Shiu-Thornton, & Giday, 2005; Acevedo, 2000; Shiu-Thornton, Senturia, & Sullivan, 2005). Thus, a woman's immigration status can limit her access to legal services and her opportunities to escape domestic violence. Immigrant status also influences employment opportunities, which may affect a survivor's ability to seek help or escape domestic violence. This is discussed next.
Employment and financial independence
Paid employment and financial independence can provide a means for survivors to escape violence, as financial resources can be used to plan for safety or leave abusive partners. Access to financial resources may also provide a sense of empowerment. For example, in a study with 20 Mexican immigrant women and men, women reported that employment and access to regular income empowered them to tell their partners that they would not tolerate ill-treatment, and several women reported positive changes in their partners' behaviors (Grzywacz, Rao, Gentry, Marin, & Arcury, 2009). However, studies have found that many immigrant women in domestic violence situations had limited financial resources (Erez et al., 2009; Crandall et al., 2005; Bhuyan et al., 2005; Morash, Bui, Zhang, & Holtfreter, 2007; Abraham, 2000a). This may be partly due to some survivors having immigration statuses that did not grant them legal work permits. Even when immigrant survivors have legal work permits, many may not be employable because jobs in the U.S. often require specific skills, such as English language, driving, computer skills, reading maps and bus schedules, etc. Training and education received in their home country may not be comparable in the U.S. (Ting & Panchanadeswaran, 2009).
Furthermore, studies have found that some immigrant women survivors working outside their home gave their earnings to their abusive partners who controlled household finances (Abraham, 2000a; Erez et al., 2009; Crandall et al., 2005; Bhuyan et al., 2005). By controlling household finances, abusive partners may have limited the survivors' ability to escape violence. This suggests that although employment has an important role in increasing survivors' safety, it may not be adequate by itself. Immigrant survivors' social networks can be important in increasing their safety, and they are discussed next.
Community, extended family, and nuclear family
Immigrant women survivors' community, extended family, and nuclear family play a major role in domestic violence situations. Many survivors have close ties with their communities and extended family members who condone or contribute to domestic violence by pressuring the survivors to stay with their abusive partners. This pressure may take several forms. It may be in the form of advice to not report abuse to the police and regard domestic violence as a private matter to be kept within the family (Bhuyan et al., 2005). In a study with 18 Ethiopian immigrants, a few survivors talked about intimidation from community members or their husbands' friends when they engaged the criminal justice system (Sullivan et al., 2005). The pressure may also come as a threat to abandon or disown survivors if they leave their partners. And those who leave their partners may face social stigma, attributing divorce or separation to a woman's moral character and viewing them as bringing shame and dishonor to their families (Abraham, 2000a; Bui, 2003; Dasgupta, 2005; Shiu-Thornton et al., 2005; Ting & Panchanadeswaran, 2009). Rigid adherence to religious views of marriage as a life-long union may reinforce this social stigma. Such stigmatization can also prevent women who leave abusive partners from returning to their communities (Runner, Yoshihama, & Novick, 2009). In addition to these pressures to tolerate domestic violence, immigrant survivors' friends and extended family members may also participate in the abuse.
Domestic violence experienced by immigrant survivors can go beyond intimate partner violence to include extended family members and friends who may directly or indirectly participate in abuse (Kim, 2002). For example, in a study with 39 Cambodian survivors, many talked about domestic violence perpetrated by their husbands but some also talked about older family members, particularly father- and mother-in-laws, who abused them emotionally and verbally and required them to do most of the household work (Bhuyan et al., 2005). Furthermore, extended family members and abusive partners' friends may encourage abuse by supporting abusers and blaming survivors' for causing abuse or jeopardizing the abusers' immigration status (Shiu-Thornton et al., 2005; Abraham, 2000).
In some cases, extended family members can also be a part of survivors' support networks. For example, in a study with 17 immigrant women who self-petitioned under VAWA, some women reported that they found out about VAWA self-petition from their extended family members and some received emotional support from their family networks during the self-petition process (Ingram et al., 2010). This suggests the important role of extended family members in preventing and responding to domestic violence.
Immigrant survivors' immediate family members also influence their domestic violence experiences. Concern about children's safety and wellbeing is often a primary reason for survivors to seek outside help or to stay in abusive relationships (Acevedo, 2000; Bui, 2003; Sullivan et al., 2005; Ting & Panchanadeswaran, 2009). When their children's safety is at risk, survivors may even take their children and flee to their countries of origin (Shetty & Edleson, 2005). This is viewed as abduction under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Abusive partners who are immigrants may also take their children and flee to their countries of origin. On the other hand, survivors may stay with their abusive partners out of concern for their children's wellbeing. In many studies, survivors reported being concerned that if they left their partners, they might lose custody of their children (Morash et al., 2007; Crandall et al., 2005); jeopardize their children's visas (Erez, et al., 2009), their children might react negatively to leaving their fathers (Shiu-Thornton et al., 2005), and they may be unable to financially support their children (Bhuyan et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 2005). Immigrant women may also choose to stay with their abusive partners and work toward ending abuse because of their personal, cultural, and religious views of marriage as a life-long union (Crandall et al., 2005; Shiu-Thornton et al., 2005; Bhuyan et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 2005; Ting & Panchanadeswaran, 2009).
Thus, community, extended family and friends, and immediate family affect how survivors respond to domestic violence. In some cases, as discussed next, abusive partners may prevent immigrant women from leaving them by using tactics to socially isolate them, thereby curtailing survivors' opportunities to escape domestic violence.
Social isolation
Social isolation masks domestic violence experienced by immigrant women, while giving spaces for their partners to continue the abuse. In several studies, immigrant women survivors reported experiencing social isolation, in part because when they emigrated they left behind their supportive social networks (Abraham, 2000a; Erez et al., 2009; Shiu-Thornton et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 2005; Ting & Panchanadeswaran, 2009). This social isolation can be exacerbated by language barriers, negative experiences with or perceptions of the criminal justice system in their countries of origin, media news about anti-immigrant sentiments, and lack of access to English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, services with multi-lingual staff, and public transportation services. (Acevedo, 2000; Bui, 2003; Erez, Adelman, & Gregory, 2009; Kasturirangan, Krishnan, & Riger, 2004). Some of these barriers are more severe in rural areas.
Isolation can be a deliberate strategy used by abusive partners to exercise power and control over survivors. Studies have found that abusive partners prohibited survivors from talking to their neighbors and family members and leaving their houses (Abraham, 2000, Sullivan et al., 2005, Crandall et al., 2005). Abusive partners often limited survivors' access to financial resources that can be used to plan for safety (Crandall et al., 2005; Bhuyan et al., 2005; Morash, Bui, Zhang, & Holtfreter, 2007). Such social isolation may lead to higher dependency on abusive partners, as they become the survivors' only companions, their connection to their countries of origin, and the person they depend on economically (Abraham, 2000). But even within this context of isolation, survivors may be employing various ways to increase their safety, which is discussed next.
Immigrant women's protective strategies
Survivors use many strategies to respond to the violence being perpetrated against them. These may range from active resistance to passive acceptance of violence. Erez and colleagues (2009), in their study of 137 immigrant women, found that a majority (85%) made several attempts to leave their abusive partners. Abraham (2000b) found that 25 South Asian immigrant survivors she interviewed used various protective strategies, including placating their abusers by doing what they wanted, praising them, apologizing to them, arguing with them, finding ways to access money, and seeking out family and friends for help. In another study, Russian-speaking immigrant women reported using similar strategies (Crandall et al., 2005). While not all of these strategies can effectively increase women's safety and they may not be different from the strategies employed by non-immigrant survivors, they show that these women use various means available to them to increase their safety.
In summary, various structural, social, and individual aspects of immigrant survivors' lives intersect to shape their domestic violence experiences, making them somewhat different from that of non-immigrant survivors. For example, a survivor's immigration status influences opportunities available to her for employment, the level of social isolation experienced, perceived and real options for leaving her partner, and strategies she may be using to secure safety. Gender roles, marriage, language competency, and employment skills may influence a survivor's access to supportive social networks. Children's safety, fear of deportation, local sentiments toward immigrants, and experiences with the criminal justice system may influence a survivor's decision to seek formal help. These experiences of domestic violence underscore the need for culturally competent services that address specific and unique needs of immigrant survivors.
Critical issues for increasing culturally competent services
The research reviewed suggests the culturally competent services to immigrant survivors must respond to several immigrant-specific needs, including the following.
- Access to broad skill development training – Increasing survivors' access to skill development training can be important because their skill sets may be different from those needed in the U.S. to access services and earn an income. Such skill development training could include English language, using computers, taking public transportation, reading maps, driving, managing personal finance, and searching for jobs. Additionally, training could also focus on income generating skills (Pan et al., 2006).
- Access to information – Social isolation, culturally-based understandings of domestic violence, differences in legal protections and services available in immigrant women's countries of origin and the U.S. are some of the factors that suggest the importance of increasing immigrant communities' access to information about domestic violence as a social problem, the legal protections and services available, and how to access them.
- Assistance in accessing services – Services for immigrant survivors need to respond to their unique and specific needs. This may include services in survivors' local languages or access to skilled interpreters, shelters that respond to culturally specific needs, assistance with maintaining legal immigration status and child custody, and assistance with access to other services. Some immigrant survivors may choose to stay with their abusive partners and abusive extended family members. In such cases, advocates can work with the survivors to develop and implement strategies that are culturally and individually appropriate and effective in protecting the survivors and their children from violence.
- Culturally specific batterer intervention programs – Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) could engage abusive partners in dialogue about culturally specific practices that promote violence and those that call for respecting women. Such BIPs could also address domestic violence by extended family members (Dabby & Poore, 2007).
- Supportive social networks – Survivors' families, friends, and community members can be their supportive social networks and help increase survivors' safety. There are various models for engaging immigrant survivors' families, friends, and community members in domestic violence prevention (see Kim, 2005), but in doing so, it is essential to examine how domestic violence is viewed socio-culturally and what are culturally appropriate ways to engage community stakeholders to talk about and become active in preventing and intervening in domestic violence.
- Support groups – Support groups for survivors from similar cultural backgrounds could be a forum where survivors might reflect on and share their experiences, explore ways to make their lives safer and healthy, and organize in their communities against domestic violence (Bhuyan & Senturia, 2005; Morash et al., 2008; Yoshihama, 2000).
- Collaboration with other agencies - Domestic violence services that serve specific immigrant groups may not be present in all regions, and agencies may not always have the capacity or expertise to meet culturally specific needs of all immigrant survivors (Whitaker et al., 2010). Therefore, inter-agency coordination and collaboration are crucial to increasing culturally competent services to immigrant women.
- Knowledge about domestic violence in immigrant communities – Research findings can be critical in developing or expanding culturally competent services for specific groups of immigrant survivors. Lessons learned from existing programs and services for immigrant survivors may also be used to enhance culturally competent services. Therefore, future research on domestic violence in immigrant communities needs to address methodological limitations commonly found in research on this area (see Yoshihama, 2008). Future research might explore how various aspects of immigrant women's lives, including socio-cultural backgrounds, sexual orientation, age, and disability status, intersect to influence their domestic violence experiences.
Increasing culturally competent domestic violence services to immigrant survivors and their communities entails understanding the complexities of survivors' lives and the barriers survivors overcome when deciding to seek help. The research reviewed here found that several aspects of immigrant survivors' lives influence their domestic violence experiences. Some of these aspects are specifically linked to experiences and realities of being an immigrant woman. For example, immigration status, legal permit for employment, employment skills, language barriers, access to supportive social networks, etc. can all influence the choices women make to increase their and their children's safety. This suggests that culturally competent services to immigrant survivors must respond to their specific and unique needs. These include increasing survivors' access to information about domestic violence and services available, offering culturally specific shelter and other services, helping survivors adapt to life and work in the U.S., helping survivors with VAWA self-petition, and working with survivors' communities to prevent domestic violence. Additionally, as the concept of cultural competency suggests, it is crucial to engage in a continuous process of learning and applying the knowledge gained in scale up culturally competent services immigrant women survivors and their communities.
Author of this document:
Sheetal Rana
PhD Candidate
School of Social Work, University of Minnesota
Leni Marin
Senior Vice President
Futures Without Violence
San Francisco, CA
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Yoshihama, M. (2008). Literature on Intimate Partner Violence in Immigrant and Refugee Communities: Review and Recommendations. In M., Runner, M., Yoshihama, & S. Novick, (2009). Intimate Partner Violence in Immigrant and Refugee Communities: Challenges, Promising Practices, and Recommendations. (pp. 34-64). Family Violence Prevention Fund/Robert Wood Johnston Foundation: New Jersey. Retrieved 8/5/2010 from http://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/userfiles/file/ImmigrantWomen/IPV_Report_March_2009.pdf
Suggested Citation: Rana, S. (2012, February). Addressing Domestic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Critical Issues for Culturally
Competent Services. Harrisburg, PA: VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence. Retrieved month/day/year, from:http://www.vawnet.org
* The production and dissemination of this publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 5U1VCE001742-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC, VAWnet, or the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence.
Distribution Rights
This Applied Research paper and In Brief may be reprinted in its entirety or excerpted with proper acknowledgement to the author(s) and VAWnet (www.vawnet.org), but may not be altered or sold for profit.


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on November 19, 2012 - 9:34 AM
There were two fountain pens on the desk that Nat and Ozzie shared. The red pen, which was slightly longer, belonged to Nat. The pen that was green was Ozzie's. The men had had a falling out since the Sox had won the World Series. That's why Ozzie was delighted with the memo from management: There were to be no pens, pencils or food lying about on desks after work. Whatever was found by the cleaning staff would be confiscated.
Ozzie decided all he had to do was come back to the office at night and mess up Nat's desk, which would infuriate management, who would then fire Nat.
At 1 a.m., Ozzie carefully entered the office building When he found Nat's desk, Ozzie emptied everything in the pencil holder on to the floor; then he overturned Nat's trash basket, which was holding the shards of pencils he'd sharpened
Remember: "that" starts words you need for the meaning of the word or words before "that," and they aren't separated by a comma; "which" starts words that aren't crucial to the meaning of the words before it, and they are separated by commas
1) The tight rope walker always used a rope (that/,which…,) he'd used before.
2) Peppy, the poodle, never wanted the leftovers from dinner (that/,which…,) were always plentiful.
1) that
2) which

subset: commoncrawl


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Fixas do Brasil e do mundo
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September 25th, 2013 at 4:42 pm
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Drop cortado e invertido, tsc, tsc, tsc… 🙂
Eduardo M. Cooper
25 Sep 13 at 9:36 pm
Excelente geometria para longas distâncias.
26 Sep 13 at 8:24 am
Parece o Gabba
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Top Definition
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To have never gotten anywhere in life and end up a bum
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by mitchoadlay June 25, 2006


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When the Metanexus Institute on Science and Religion solicited research proposals for studying "spiritual transformation," its officials didn't expect to be inundated with 500 applications.
Proposals arrived from 21 countries, outlining research on topics such as the evolution of personal spirituality after childbirth, among cancer survivors, and among Vietnam veterans.
Scientists proposed examining changes in the brain during prayer and the effect a religious CEO can have on corporate culture.
"What we know right now is mostly from the traditional religious [sources]," said Solomon Katz, president of the University City-based institute. "We are trying to form a new field of research with great ethical concerns and a scientific method of study so that we can understand what this process is all about."


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Top Definition
The shape the hand makes while fisting.
Dude, your mom is soo freaky she begged for the silent duck and now my watch is missing
από Super Flynn 27 Νοέμβριος 2007
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A hand gesture used by those engaging in the act of fisting as a way of initiating the partner
Claire whipped out the silent duck, and immediately Joanie screamed in anticipation and excitement.
από Jebediah Smith 9 Νοέμβριος 2007


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Modi cancels Kumbh visit over security reasons
He was scheduled to travel to Allahabad on February 12 to take a holy dip at the ongoing religious congregation.
Ahmedabad: Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi has cancelled his visit to Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad over security reasons. He was scheduled to travel to Allahabad on February 12 to take a holy dip at the ongoing religious congregation. But due to "security reasons" the Bharatiya Janata Party leader called off his plan on Saturday.
Earlier in the week, all eyes were on Vishwa Hindu Parishad's Dharma Sansad at Kumbh Mela where speculations were rife that the party would not endorse Modi as the prime ministerial candidate of the NDA.
Irked by all the attention Modi was getting, the Samajwadi Party had warned the VHP and the BJP to keep politics away from the Kumbh. BJP President Rajnath Singh had also visited Kumbh Mela to attend VHP core committee meet.
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Other projects made by Lisa Gardner:
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
What was your source for this quilting project?
Online Photo or Website
Name of website or photo Quilted Travel Duffel.
What are you most proud of? That I actually could do free motion quilting. Even though it is my first time at a bit piece and its not 100% perfect, I am quite happy with it.
What advice would you give someone starting this project? Just go for the free motion, I practiced a bit, then said to heck with it, and just went. Its a bit tiring, but its all yours! I am half way through now and I would recommend getting a long piece of Jute Webbing to make the handles longer. I like handles that I can put over my shoulder, so I would next time get longer.
Wow! way to go Lisa your fmq is super and I love the fabric.
Thanks Desna!So good to hear from you!
Fantastic job for a 1st time!
Thans so much, There are a few mess ups if you look close, but I am pretty much satisfied for now.


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Discuss and debate new thinking with like-minded individuals in an informal and relaxed environment.
Warmth, food and help will be brought to homeless people in Middlesbrough this Christmas thanks to a special event.
The 'In Out of the Cold' event will make hot food, helpful information and useful items available to homeless people.
It will also give organisations and agencies an opportunity to come together to help tackle homelessness.
The event takes place in Middlesbrough Town Hall Crypt on Tuesday, December 20, between 1pm-4pm.
It is the second time Middlesbrough has held an 'In Out of the Cold' event and it has been organised by a wide range of organisations, including faith and community groups, co-ordinated by Middlesbrough Council.
There will be hot food available, stalls offering information on the various services available for homeless people, homeless shoeboxes, and Christmas music and carols.
Durham Tees Valley Probation Trust are collecting donations such as toiletries and hats and gloves for the shoebox presents.
The shoe boxes, containing useful items, will then be given to homeless people at the event.
Food is being donated by local businesses and FareShare North East.
The food will be prepared by volunteers from STAGES homeless hostel and local drugs and alcohol abstinence charity, Hope North East.
Live music and carols will be provided for free by Middlesbrough based band, The Southmartins. The event is open to the public.
Councillor Charlie Rooney, Middlesbrough Council's Executive Member for Regeneration and Economic Development, said: "The aim of 'In Out Of The Cold' is to have a positive event for some of the more excluded people in Middlesbrough.
"We hope it will engage and offer assistance to those who may be entrenched in homelessness or may not realise the number of organisations which can assist them."
Councils have a statutory duty to provide temporary accommodation for people who are homeless or threatened with it, where they are considered to be priority need, for instance those who have children or people who are vulnerable because of a mental or physical disability.
When there is severe weather conditions with temperatures falling below zero for three consecutive nights, local authorities must provide emergency shelter or temporary accommodation for any rough sleepers regardless of their priority need status.
This is done using facilities such as winter shelters or paying for Bed & Breakfast accommodation for rough sleepers.
Like many areas homelessness has increased in Middlesbrough over recent months, and the number of rough sleepers in the borough is now estimated to be around five.
Middlesbrough Council's Homelessness Service is delivered by Erimus Housing.
Anyone who can donate items for homeless people such as toiletries, including toothpaste, toothbrushes, soap, shampoo, shower gel and deodorant, warm clothing including jumpers, waterproofs, hats, scarves and gloves, non-perishable food items and sleeping bags is asked to drop them in at the Durham Tees Valley Probation Trust Office at 154 Borough Road, Middlesbrough


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If you're an ex-offender, this section has advice on your options in education, training and work. You can also find out how criminal records work and what your rights and responsibilities are when looking for work.
Doing a course or some volunteering is a great way to do something positive and learn new skills.
How to encourage employers to look beyond your criminal record and convince them that you're the right person for the job.
Know your rights about Disclosure and Barring Service checks.
Get expert help and advice from Nacro and similar organisations
Can't see the career you're after? Search over 700 job profiles.
Visit our A to Z glossary
© 2016 A service of the Skills Funding Agency on behalf of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills


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Pain Management Health Center
Track DMARD Effects
DMARDs are often standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Even if you've been taking them a while, you still need to track how well they work and watch for side effects. Set aside time to review what to expect from DMARD treatment and the precautions you need to take.
Treat Nausea
Do methotrexate pills upset your stomach? It's a common side effect. Symptoms may be worst the first day or so after your weekly dose.
Ask your doctor which treatments can help. A folic acid supplement after your methotrexate may ease nausea. Another option is to see if you can take methotrexate by injection instead. When injected, the drug no longer goes through your stomach. Some people find that helps with nausea.
Plaquenil and Eyes
Anyone taking Plaquenil should see an eye doctor on a regular basis for an eye checkup. Although it's rare, Plaquenil can sometimes cause degeneration of the retina, which could lead to vision loss. A regular eye exam -- even if you don't wear glasses -- can help catch any potential problems early and avoid serious consequences. Ask your eye doctor how often you need an exam. It's usually annually, but frequency varies based on your risk factors.
Folic Acid Help
Folic acid may also help with many of the other common side effects from methotrexate, such as fatigue, headaches, hair loss, and oral ulcers. Ask your doctor if folic acid might help you -- don't just start taking it on your own. Many people using this DMARD take daily folic acid supplements. Some people may take a prescription form of folic acid called leucovorin that you typically take once a week. Talk to your doctor about what's right for you.
DMARDs and Pregnancy
Some DMARDs can cause serious birth defects. Anyone using these drugs needs to use birth control to prevent an unexpected pregnancy.
If you're thinking about getting pregnant, talk to your doctor before you start trying. You may need to stop taking some meds for several months before trying to conceive. Your doctor may switch you to other meds to help control your RA symptoms.
DMARDs and Illness
DMARDs increase the risk of infection. Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs of infection:
* Fever
* Chills
* Sore throat
* Cough
If you do have an infection, you may need to get treated right away. Your doctor may also recommend that you stop taking the DMARD until you're better. However, never stop taking your DMARD -- or other prescribed medication -- without your doctor's approval. It could affect your RA and other health issues.
DMARD Testing
Make sure you go to checkups so your doctor can keep tabs on your overall health. How often you need one depends on which DMARDs you take. Every 4 to 12 weeks, for instance, most people taking methotrexate need blood tests, tests to check kidney and liver functions, and blood counts.
Also keep doing the things you need to stay safe:
* Keep up with vaccinations
* Be sure to follow your doctor's advice about alcohol. Drinking more than recommended could be dangerous and lead to liver damage.
Changes in Symptoms
Sometimes a DMARD that has been reducing your symptoms starts to be less effective. If your symptoms are getting worse, call your doctor.
The good news is that you still have many med options. Your doctor may adjust your dosage or add a different medication. It may take some time, but you and your doctor will find another approach that helps.
WebMD Medical Reference


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Request for Proposals, deadline: October 1, 2014, grant decisions can be expected in mid-November.
The Russia Freedom Fund has raised approximately $500,000, of which it has so far allocated about $300,000. RFF is launching a final request for proposals to distribute the remaining $200,000.
The Fund's core objective is to create a safe environment for LGBT people in Russia by supporting local groups that can be effective at combatting discrimination and violence. Financial support will allow these groups to address cases of discrimination and violence by ensuring that victims have access to legal support, and are able to take their cases to court. The Fund will also provide support to Russian organizations that work for longer term, systemic change in the status and treatment of LGBT people in the country, through public education and advocacy. While initiatives based outside Russia are eligible for funding, those led by Russia-based LGBT groups will be treated with priority.
Most costs are eligible for funding, including rent, office expenses, travel, and personnel costs. Lobbying, grants to individuals, and capital expenses (such as computers and vehicles) are not eligible in accordance with U.S. law. Lobbying restrictions are generally understood as including calls to action for or against specific legislation, but they do not include litigation, the education of elected officials and the general public about existing legislation and the estimated impact of proposed legislation or other advocacy activities. RFF will indicate whether any of the proposed activities or expenses is ineligible for funding.
Project support is available for applicants registered outside the US. General operating support and project support are available for US organizations. Current Arcus and Russia Freedom Fund grantees are eligible to apply.
Proposals can be received at email@example.com in any format, as long as they conform to the eligibility criteria, are in English, and include the information below in (ideally) maximum three pages (plus budget):
All proposals must represent requests for a minimum of $10,000.
Any questions before and after sending an application should be sent to the same email address. After a positive decision on the application, the following documents will be needed to sign a grant agreement: (provide the document in the original language with notes in English specifying which document it is, (e.g. in the file name): articles of incorporation (or similar document), latest financial statements (audited, if available), EEO Policy (can be an internal approval of the sample policy provided below), organization annual budget, board list with affiliations, project staff list, date of fiscal year end.
Confidentiality: grant applicants and grant recipients based in Russia will not be named in any communications that can reach the public. The projects funded will be described to the public to ensure transparency of the work of the RFF.
Equal Employment Opportunity Policy Statement (sample)
Grantmaking Decisions
Decisions are made by a committee comprising representatives from the world of philanthropy, including the Arcus Operating Foundation, the Council for Global Equality, International Lesbian and Gay Association-Europe. Also reviewing proposals and offering recommendations are Russian representatives, acting in an individual capacity, who are deeply knowledgeable about the situation in Russia.
In 2014 the Russia Freedom Fund awarded grants on a rolling basis through an open call for proposals until the end of 2014. The Fund has less funds than before and can no longer accept unsolicited proposals on a rolling basis. The Fund will decide its future strategy by the end of 2015.
As of November 20, 2015, the Fund has awarded 38 grants totaling $1,278,215 of the $1,278,215 raised.
Funding Sources: $600,000 from the Arcus Foundation, $450,000 from two anonymous gifts, $140,000 from Human Rights Campaign T-shirt sales, and $88,215 from nearly 500 individuals, organizations and ad hoc initiatives from the US and more than 20 countries.
The Fund has no expenses and 100% of funds raised go to grants. Arcus Operating Foundation covers administrative costs and RFF Committee members donate their time.
Because of the security threats to Russian people and institutions that are supportive of the human rights of LGBT people, grant amounts, locations, and recipients are not disclosed.
The Fund has received interim and final reports from 15 grants covering activities in 2014 and conducted an internal assessment on this basis. The following is a summary of information describing what was funded and what was achieved.
Outcomes Analysis of Russia Initiative Grants: this analysis examines a group of funded projects, clustered into four main categories: resource centers, policy-legal change, leadership capacity, and culture change. In each category, activities funded are described and outcomes are identified.
Description of the Grants
Overview A total of $774,042 was awarded to 13 grantees, 12 based in Russia and one in the US. Six of the Russia-based organizations received more than one grant, either for multiple projects or for renewed funding of the originally supported project.
Areas Funded
The 26 grants can be clustered in the above categories, each one comprising a specific change strategy:
1. Resource Centers ($243,442): Ten grants supported a similar range of activities at LGBT resource centers that are spread out over a large geographic area. These resource centers play a similar role to LGBT community centers in the US but, given the situation in Russia, focus on providing legal and psychological services as well as community education. Accordingly, activities supported by these grants included legal consultation and representation by attorneys; supportive services and counseling by psychologists; social events; monitoring and documenting incidents of violence and discrimination; and workshops and seminars on LGBT issues, the recently enacted anti-LGBT laws, family issues, and human rights.
2. Legal-Policy Change ($134,100): In addition to the legal work pursued by the resource centers, four grants focused exclusively on legal issues, including the pursuit of impact litigation in the Russian courts and in the European Court of Human Rights as well as development and submission of reports to United Nations human rights bodies and to international human rights NGOs (ILGA, Amnesty). One grantee filed suit against a well-known former priest for inciting violence against LGBT people through hate speech. Another grantee focused its legal program on the needs of the transgender community, working specifically on issues of legal name changes and obtaining gender-affirming identity documents.
3. Leadership Capacity ($191,500): Most of the supported work in this category was devoted to educating, training and supporting LGBT leaders and activists. One grant enabled an organization to cover fines levied on individuals who engaged in public demonstrations and other activities. Another enabled leaders to participate in a convening of Russian LGBT Christians. And a third funded 36 activists for a crisis intervention and burnout prevention training. Also, a grant was given for Russian LGBT activists to receive digital security training.
4. Culture Change ($205,000): This category includes grants to counteract the pervasive anti-LGBT messages from the public officials who supported the so-called "Propaganda Law" and from anti-LGBT religious leaders and media commentators. Through advocacy, public education and cultural events, these grantees worked to impact public opinion about LGBT community.
Grant Outcomes
Outcomes, key outputs and other noteworthy highlights reported to RFF are as follows:
Resource Centers (reports for 3 of 10 grants) • The successful creation of two new resource centers with ongoing legal and psychological support programs in place, and the groundwork laid for a third. Each location had served 100 people by the end of the grant period. • Ongoing services and community education activities in all centers that reported to Arcus. • Three LGBT activists evacuated out of the country for their safety. • One grantee reported that during the grant period it was included in the registry of "foreign agents" by the Ministry of Justice. It filed general objections to the state officials' decision and will be challenging this action in court.
Legal-Policy Change (reports for 3 of 4 grants) • A robust and well-accessed legal program for transgender clients, focused on name changes and identity documents. With six attorneys and two paralegals (four of whom are members of the transgender community), the project handled 384 consultations, filed 29 cases in 13 regions (up from 12 cases in 6 the previous year). They successfully obtained positive outcomes in 15 cases (gender-affirming identity documents without requirement of surgery), had three losses and still had 10 cases pending, including one with the European Court of Human Rights. • Most cases filed that challenged arrests for public demonstrations, acts of employment discrimination or anti-LGBT violence were unsuccessful in the Russian courts. (This is true for these grantees as well as for the resource centers, which also provided legal representation.) Cases brought to the European Court of Human Rights, if successful, can lead to fines imposed on the Russian government, but cannot impact its actions or the status of current anti-LGBT laws. All of these grantees are also submitting reports to relevant UN human rights bodies. • In one case, a grantee brought suit against a public figure who'd advocated violent death for gay people. Its case was based on existing Russian law that prohibits inciting hatred and antagonism. While the suit was unsuccessful, the defendant publicly attempted to change the meaning of his original words, which the grantee viewed as a moral victory.
Leadership Capacity (reports for 5 of 6 grants) • Grantees provided support, training, respite travel, and technical assistance to LGBT Russian activists, including covering the costs of participation for 21 LGBT Christians to attend a faith seminar, paying arrest fines for four activists, and enabling 36 leaders to meet for a crisis intervention and burn-out prevention training. • The LGBT Faith Seminar hosted 53 laypeople and six clergy and distributed its forum resolution to 43 organizations. Although invited journalists did not attend, two articles on the seminar were published.
Culture Change (reports for 4 of 6 grants) • Two grantees produced public events. While both were able to hold these events, they each experienced difficulties retaining venues because of the pervasive anti-LGBT climate in the country. • A film festival drew 1500 attendees, including international observers. Of the more than 200 non-LGBT attendees, 80% surveyed agreed that the Festival increased their level of acceptance. • One grantee was able to host 87% of its planned events, losing some to venue refusals. Sixty people attended these events. • Two online projects—a virtual "museum" of the Russian LGBT movement and an e-magazine—were both set in motion. The e-museum will launch in May 2015. The publication grew its subscriber base by over 200 in the first six months of the grant and is publishing documentation of discrimination cases in order to assist organizations seeking legal redress.


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World Food Day: Leaders Urge Tackling the Roots of Interrelated Challenges of Food and Energy Security, and Climate Change
24 October 2008: During the World Food Day observance at UN Headquarters in New York, US, celebrated on 23 October, the heads of the UN, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Clinton Global Initiative called for tackling the roots of the interrelated challenges of food security, high energy prices and climate change.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said this year's World Food Day comes at a time of crisis and expressed concern that not enough is being done to help "the poorest of the poor," as the international community has focused on the global financial turmoil. He urged governments to build on the momentum generated by recent high level events and initiatives. Former US President Bill Clinton, head of the Clinton Global Initiative, urged the international community to stop using the global financial crisis "as an excuse" to avoid dealing with escalating hunger and energy
prices. He proposed returning to a policy of "maximum agricultural self-sufficiency," and called for an increase in fair-trade provisions, direct marketing schemes and other policies designed to level the playing field between agricultural producers in developed countries and small farmers in developing countries. Responding to Clinton's suggestions, FAO Director-General Jacques Diouf stressed the need for "new international relations" that would guarantee adequate incomes for farmers of developed countries, without penalizing the farmers of developing countries. He proposed a World Summit on Food Security to be held during the first half of 2009, to reach consensus to eradicate hunger from the world. [Ban Ki-moon's Statement] [Jacques Diouf's Statement] [UN Press Release] [FAO Press Release]


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When's the last time you sent a thank you note? When you sat down, actually hand wrote it and popped it in the mail? Chances are it's been a while.
These days we're more likely to send a text a tweet or a facebook message, if anything at all. The digital age is rewriting etiquette.
"If there's one rule, it's generally that there are no rules," explained Lehigh University Assistant Professor of Journalism and Communication Jeremy Littau. "Which can lead to a lot of different types of behaviors."
Older generations may think texts are rude, while folks immersed in modern communications think voicemails are for dinosaurs. Pundits say it's because people up in years maintain the same etiquette online and off-line. The same is not true for so called digital natives.
"They're a group of people who have grown up only knowing a world that has online environments," shared Littau. "That group has actually constructed the way in which they behave off-line in conjunction with how they're learning how to behave online."
He says it results in social norms going out the window. To this generation, communicating online is one ongoing conversation so there's never any need for please, thank you's, hellos or good byes.
"They are increasingly a generation that is spending more of their time communicating online versus off-line compared to their older peers," said Littau.
It has its benefits, but some say we're also suffering from constantly being connected.
"I think we make the mistake of thinking the Internet is this thing that we live in and it's actually a tool we use, it's a tool that we use to communicate."


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Pest Management Suggestions For The Household
Have you been battling to manage pest infestations? Would you anxiety they'll overrun your property? Don't know the best places to appearance, even though would you like to discover professional support? Do not have anxiety, this post is right here! Chock packed with excellent advice, this article will perfect you to get those unwanted pests out of on this page.
Vacuum-cleaning the mats is a superb pest management tip. This will assist clear away the pests at your residence. If you are completed, correctly dispose of the case.
Before you decide to free your house of insects you should consider the ethical effects. When you have a mouse issue you might want a method that simply takes away them, but fails to eliminate them, for example. Currently most exterminators offer this to their clients, but it can be relatively more pricey.
Facing a insect issue, check your local ordinances to learn what chemical compounds you may use. Don't be tempted try using a banned item to handle your insect difficulty. It should allow you to study which items are successful and enabled, even though that is certainly rare.
In order to steer clear of appealing to small other, little bugs and rats or rodents Pest control queen creek infestations, you would like to be careful everything you depart sitting down about. Be sure that foods are put away into boxes and stored effectively. Also make certain that crumbs are cleared up and junk is put away. A lack of appeal will truly maintain individuals pests aside.
Borax powder is actually a normal pest control. You can use it to clear your property and garden of countless different types of bugs, which include roaches and ants. Stay away from borax about kids and household pets. Alternatively, position borax along baseboards and under cupboards to easily rid your own home of the Colorado springs pest control infestations.
You will find canines which can be especially taught to recognize termites. Human being inspectors only have the capability to deliver a verdict on 1/3 of the home. Well-qualified canines can check the entire home. Skilled puppies can recognize methane gasoline that comes from the eating of timber by termites.
Examine your external doorways extensively. You have to make certain that no daylight is shining through the bottom of every one of them. Some doorways to pay special awareness of are your entry way plus your exterior storage area doorway. Attempt changing the level of their thresholds and maybe incorporating some weather striping directly to them if you notice daylight.
Hairspray will help you get rid of any traveling by air bugs. Hairspray is entirely harmless for mankind, but lethal for pests. Prior to they may arrive at h2o or food, the hairspray will stick with them. Hairspray is a fantastic way to deal with these tiny animals that you may possibly not want into the future in as well shut of exposure to.
Can you now know how to cope with your trouble? Have you got the data you have to get the work carried out? Are you experiencing the self-confidence required as well? Fantastic! With all of this in mind, you'll tackle all those pest infestations and have the situation squared up in no time flat.


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Top Definition
A large amount of semen, ejaculate
That bitch was so hot I busted a Fat Nut on her tits!!!
ayon kay DoctorVegas ika-30 ng Nobyembre, 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
The roll of fat that extremely over weight women have that hangs below their waist. (Not to be confused with phat nutz.)
"Damn dude, Misty has really put on weight since high school!"
"Yeah, I know, she has fat nuts!"
"Yeah, I know, she has fat nuts!"
ayon kay Darren Hunt ika-05 ng Enero, 2007
A Fat ass person that is very poor and gay.
Oh my fucking god look at the fatnut being teabaged and smileing!
ayon kay Leo U ika-06 ng Nobyembre, 2006


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Top Definition
Adie is a girl who is wonderful in all ways possible yet is extremely modest. She is shy and funny and energetic. When you have an Adie for a girlfriend, count on the fact that she will put all her trust in you, making you feel awful when you break a promise to her. She never really shows that she's happy when you do something nice for her, but inside she's extremely joyful. Adie is the perfect girl.
by sigmaagapomtinolikardiamu September 10, 2011
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Adie is the name for a cool sister of older age.
Dude, your sister is so adie, i wish mine was.
by Buzzzy December 14, 2007
Adie's are girls who are naturally themselves. Adie's make good girlfriends, they like to cook awesome foods and love to spend a lot of time cuddling. Adie's are like friendly sloths, they want nothing more than to be loved and have something to cling to. Adie's also have amazing music taste, they are very eclectic and love anything vintage and off-beat. Adie's are timid at times too, they very tediously break the rules which makes them incredibly good partners for adventures, even if it's just running to the grocery store. Adie's are also very trusting, they love despite everything and it's a heartbreaker when their feelings are hurt because Adie's are too sweet to be sad. Any guy who finds an Adie needs to be very nice and a courteous gentlemen because they are worth their weight in gold.
"Dude, I met an Adie at Dairy Queen this weekend. She was so choice!"
by DDukes94 December 03, 2013


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HOBOKEN -- Hoboken voters will cast their ballots on Tuesday, deciding whether they want to give the city's first female mayor, Dawn Zimmer a second four-year term or elect one of her two challengers.
Zimmer, who is being backed by several unions representing construction industry workers, is facing challenges by Assemblyman Ruben Ramos, 39, and late-joiner Tim Occhipinti, 36.
Up until two months ago, the race was shaping up to be a head-to-head between an incumbent who many see as representing "new Hoboken," and lifelong Hoboken resident and former councilman, Ramos, who for some represents "old Hoboken."Then in September, Occhipinti threw his hat into the ring .
Since joining, Occhipinti's campaign message has been one of "One Hoboken" uniting old and new Hobokenites and forming a team made up of lifelong developer Frank "Pupie" Raia and TV producer Peter Biancamano, and a relative newcomer, special ed teacher Britney Montgomery Cook, 35.
Ramos' running mates are Laura Miani, Eduardo Gonzalez and Joe Mindak, also relative newcomers.
Zimmer's running mates are incumbent Ravi Bhalla and David Mello, and parks advocate Jim Doyle, whose appointment to the council when Carol Marsh resigned was ruled invalid by an appellate court panel.
According to the most recent reports filed with the state, the two best-funded campaigns had raised roughly the same amount of campaign cash, with Team Zimmer collecting a total $113,257 compared to $110,275 by Ramos' Vision for Hoboken slate.
Occhipinti had raised just $28,598 with his One Hoboken slate. Occhipiniti's campaign says it now has raised several times that amount.
Zimmer and her slate have picked up endorsements from the Hudson County Building Trade, comprised of 22 local unions, the IUOE Local 825 and New Jersey Laborers this month.
Occhipinti received an endorsement from administration opponent Theresa Castellano.
Ramos has said that endorsements make little difference to the outcome of elections.
After serving as the Fourth Ward council woman, Zimmer served as acting mayor after Peter Cammarano's resignation in July, 2009 following his arrest on corruption charges. Zimmer was sworn into office on Nov. 6, 2009 after a special election.
Zimmer has weathered a challenging first term, having come into office just after a 23 percent tax increase, when the city finances were under state management.
The bankrupt Hoboken University Medical Center was sold to private ownership in 2011.
She has been through two hurricanes, Irene and Sandy. Her leadership came into the national media spotlight during the far more devastating Hurricane Sandy a year ago, and recently won an award for her conduct during the Hurricane.
She also has had to deal with problems with the aging plumbing system that suffered a series of leaks this spring and has promised to renegotiate a better deal with United Water to provide more money for maintenance and upgrades.
For almost a year, Zimmer has had only had four supporters on the 4-4 City Council blunting much of her major spending plans, for example to institute safety, repaving and beautification improvements to Washington Street, by those who oppose bonding for such improvements.
After Hurricane Sandy, Zimmer brought out an ambitious plan to deal with Sandy type flooding that included buying land to build storm-water catch basins and other measures to reduce water flowing into the sewers, protecting the PSE&G substations from flooding, installing three more stormwater pumps and building flood barriers in the north and south end of the city.
During the recent Quality of Life mayoral debate, Zimmer came under fire from her opponents, who criticized her proposal for flooding barriers, saying that the Sierra Club of New Jersey, among others, warns they could cause flooding in neighboring towns.
Zimmer responds that while she supports a regional approach to combat flooding, Hobokenites can't wait "20 years" for that plan to be put in place.Zimmer points out that she has opened two new parks, is about to re-open the soccer field at Sinatra Park, and has cut the ribbons for improvements at parks throughout the city.
Zimmer says says she is a leader who holds people accountable for wrongdoing. She says she has cleaned up corruption at City Hall and laid the groundwork for comprehensive development and environmental plans for the city.
Polls for the nonpartisan election open at 6 a.m. and close at 8 p.m.
The Jersey Journal will have coverage starting of the election on nj.com/Hudson, The Jersey Journal on Twitter, @jerseyjournal
After the polls close at 8 p.m., results will be recorded on The Jersey Journal's election hotline phone number at (201) 217-2498 as they become available.


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Click the link for daily surf reports presented by Nichols Surf Shop, 411 Flagler Ave., New Smyrna Beach
NEW SMYRNA BEACH -- The city's tourism hub -- bustling Flagler Avenue, is about to get repaved. Resurfacing will begin Monday and continue through Feb. 12.
To avoid disruption of business district traffic during the busiest hours, the Avenue will be closed from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. daily to through traffic.
Headline Surfer photos by Henry Frederick / Canal Street in New Smyrna Beach, is shown here on New Year's Eve just after 10 p.m.
NEW SMYRNA BEACH -- With the bars on Flagler Avenue playing host to the New Year's Eve festivities, the city's other heavily invested CRA street was as dead as a door knob, a far cry from the hustle and bustle during traditional business hours.
Please click attachment to read NSB police patrols report:
Jan. 6, 1924 - Aug. 16, 2010
Harry Carver Lewis, born January 6, 1924 to Harry and Ada Lewis in Pemberton, New Jersey, passed away peacefully surrounded by his family on Monday, August 16, 2010. A private memorial service will be held at a later date.


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How often do you grill out?
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We do maybe 4 to 5 times a month.
Replies (41-48):
by Kristin on Jul. 21, 2011 at 10:32 AM
We do it as much as we can while its nice outside.
by Patsy on Jul. 21, 2011 at 10:39 AM
NOT often enough! lol.
We usually grill once a weekend. Charcoal gets expensive so it's hard to grill more often.
by Kristina♥ on Jul. 21, 2011 at 2:38 PM
It is so dry here they have different stages if fire bans and we have the highest one. No fireworks, grilling, mowing, anything that could spark a fire since we have already had several fires this year.
Quoting mami2emily:
why? i dont think i've ever heard about this
Quoting TristanMitchael:
We have a fire ban right now and can't grill until they lift the ban. We usually would grill a few times a month.
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Never bow. Our BBQ is missing a part. :(
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The U.S. and South Korea are conducting high profile naval exercises near the South Korean coast on the 57th anniversary of the armistice that ended the Korean War.
The naval exercises are designed to show the U.S. commitment to South Korean security.
"We need to demonstrate at all times to our friends and potential foes that the United States remains completely committed to the Asia-Pacific region during this incredibly dynamic period," Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell said.
8,000 thousand U.S. and South Korean sailors are involved in the exercise.
The drills come just four months after North Korea's torpedo attack on a South Korean warship which killed 46 sailors. It was the worst attack on South Korea since the Korean War.
North Korea is against the drills and has promised what it calls a "physical response."
The commanding officer of the USS Curtis Wilbur said the exercises have been a success.
"It's a show of force, a deterrent," Captain Paul Hogue said.
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A Coatesville detective got the distressing news during a trip to the grocery store.
Gerald Pawling said he was tempted to avoid telling his wife, Stacey, but she overheard the threat being issued over his cellphone: "You better show up!"
The assertive speaker was Peggy Gusz, executive director of the Crime Victims' Center of Chester County, informing Pawling that he had been selected to receive the agency's 2011 John J. Crane Award. The honor was established to pay tribute to the late Chester County prosecutor, a nationally recognized advocate for crime victims - especially children.
Gusz said she knew in advance that the self-effacing Pawling - a coach and mentor responsible for numerous Coatesville youth programs - would shun the spotlight.


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Send party guests home with Key Tags as a way to say Thanks for Coming! If you're looking for something with a personalized touch, Shindigz has a huge selection of birthday, holiday, theme and special event key tags that you can add party details to. Key Tags make practical party favors that will be used over and over again.
Host a Movember Party and give your guests a mustache key tag as the party favor. Whether you're looking for everyday fun with a mustache party or helping to raise money for the Mos Bros in your life, any party with a mustache is a party that you must-have.
Get ready to walk for a cure with a Raising Awareness for Breast Cancer walk. Give your participants a silver glitter key tag to always carry with them a picture of their honorary lady. It will be one sentimental gift that your Breast Cancer participants and survivors will appreciate for the rest of their lives.


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Meet Arabella Willing, Maldives Marine Biologist and EarthCheck Coordinator
Of all the little-known hotel jobs we've featured this month, Arabella Willing, Resident Marine Biologist and EarthCheck Coordinator at Park Hyatt Maldives Hadahaa, just might have the most envy-inducing position of all.
Arabella runs the hotel's scuba diving and snorkeling program, which is conducted at the onsite five-star PADI dive center. She also helps lead conservation efforts on-property through the EarthCheck program. She teaches guests, associates, and locals how to preserve, protect and nurture the environment in her weekly workshop; past topics include "Measuring Coral" and "Identifying Marine Life." And she gets to do all of this on a beautiful tropical island with year-round average temperatures of 80-85 degrees Fahrenheit. Sounds amazing, right?
But beaches and natural beauty aside, Hadahaa is a special place, and Arabella has the right tools to keep it that way. Hadahaa has one of the world's healthiest coral reefs, which is home to more than 125 endangered species, including the critically endangered Hawksbill Turtle.
Arabella has been interested in the intersection between marine life and sustainability since her student days. She studied Marine Biology at St. Andrews University and was a volunteer teacher in the North Maldives, spreading the world about the dangerous effects of coral bleaching. So she's not just snorkeling with our guests, she's making a positive impact on the Maldives through her sustainability efforts at Hyatt.
In her blog, Arabella shares some of her favorite stories from her work on the island. In February, for example, she made a spur-of-the-moment decision to swim with a group of 12 bottlenose dolphins. She might have destroyed her cell phone in the process, but it was completely worth it.
"I spend my days swimming through the iridescent waters of the Indian Ocean exploring coral reefs of exquisite beauty," Arabella said. "As the Resident Marine Biologist and EarthCheck coordinator at Park Hyatt Maldives Hadahaa, I undoubtedly have one of the best jobs in the world." We have to agree!


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Full CoverageWEATHER
Local city hopes to send message about climate changeUPDATED 5:50 AM CDT Jul 16, 2013
The Fayetteville City Council will vote on a resolution today that would show support for a federally mandated carbon taxVideo Transcript
NATIONAL LEGISLATURES TO FOCUS ON CLIMATE CHANGE. 40/29'S BRITTANY BELL IS LIVE IN FAYETTEVILLE THIS MORNING...BRITTANY HOW DO THEY PLAN ON SENDING THAT MESSAGE? THE CITY COUNCIL TODAY WILL VOTE ON A RESOLUTION THAT WOULD SHOW LOCAL SUPPORT FOR A NATIONAL CARBON TAX. PROPONENTS OF A CARBON TAX HOPE THAT IT WILL HELP TO OFFSET THE NEGATIVE AFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. A CARBON TAX WOULD CHARGE COMPANIES A CERTAIN FEE BASED ON HOW MUCH CARBON THEY PRODUCE. PEOPLE IN SUPPORT OF THIS TAX SAY THAT THE TAX WOULD HOPEFULLY ENCOURAGE COMPANIES TO USE EMIT LESS GREENHOUSE GASES THAT COULD HAVE A DETRIMENTAL AFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. A CARBON TAX CITE THAT FACT THAT IT WOULD COST MORE FOR COMPANIES TO PRODUCE THINGS LIKE FOSSIL FUELS AND THAT COST WOULD TRICKLE DOWN TO CONSUMERS. BUT THOSE IN SUPPORT OF A CARBON TAX SAY THAT THAT INCREASE COST TO BUY THINGS LIKE GAS WOULD BE REFUNDED TO EVERYONE. I TALKED TO GLADYS TIFFANY FROM THE OMNI CENTER FOR PEACE JUSTICE AND ECOLOGY AND SHE SAYS THAT RIGHT NOW IT'S OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO THINK ABOUT FUTURE GENERATIONS. Gladys Tiffany, OMNI President " If we can actually do this resolution that supports the idea of a carbon tax I think we're going to be in a position to take that moral position that says we need to do this for our children and our grandchildren, and be prepared, Because it is, it's a moral issue." OTHER GRASSROOTS GROUPS LIKE THE CITIZENS CLIMATE LOBBY ARE TRYING TO ENCOURAGE LEADERS ON A NATIONAL LEVEL TO PUSH FOR LEGISLATION THAT ADDRESSES CLIMATE CHANGE. BACK TO YOU. RIGHT NOW THERE IS NOT A NATIONAL CARBON TAX.
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March 25, 2017
Formative Assessment in Large Classes
Emory University School of Law
More information to come.
July 7-8, 2017
Teaching Cultural Competency and Other Professional SkillsUniversity of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law
Plan to join us for an opening reception on the evening of July 6.
More details to come.
Previous Conferences
June 2016: Real-World Readiness
April 2016: Responding to the New ABA Standards: Best Practices in Outcomes Assessment
June 2015: Experiential Learning Across the Curriculum
February 2015: Engaging the Entire Class–Strategies for Enhancing Participation & Inclusion in Law School Classroom Learning
June 2014: What the Best Law Teachers Do
April 2014: Assessment Across the Curriculum
June 2013: Hybrid Law Teaching
April 2013: Law Teaching for Adjunct Faculty
June 2012: Value of Variety
March 2012: Technology In and Beyond the Classroom
June 2011: Engaging and Assessing Our Students
June 2010: Teaching Law Practice Across the Curriculum
June 2009: Implementing Best Practices and Educating Lawyers


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Yet another ex-girlfriend takes the stand in the Levi Chavez murder trial. Mistress number four detailed her affair with the former APD officer who's now accused of killing his wife and making it look like a suicide.
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WASHINGTON – The Borough Council discussed the possibility of changing its current form of government, council-manager, to something else at its last meeting on Tuesday, Feb. 21.
According to the meeting minutes, Councilwoman Jeanine Gleba solicited comments from the rest of Borough Council at the meeting to see if anyone was interested in changing the form of government.
In a phone interview, Mayor Scott McDonald said that this discussion comes up "every few years," but that he prefers the current system. "Every form of government has its pros and its cons. I don't see anything that's out there that would work better for us," he said.
There are a couple of different ways that a change in the form of government could be implemented though, McDonald said. One way would be a two-year process involving the formation of a Charter Study Commission and then subsequently placing the question on the ballot. Another would be a petition from residents.
Councilman David Higgins and Councilman Justin Jewell both said that they would be in favor of a study, the meeting minutes state.
Deputy Mayor Patrick Boyle said that he prefers the current system, but would be open to a petition from the people.
Councilman John Valentine and Councilman Robert Torres both showed some support for a study, according to the meeting minutes.


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For nearly five decades, Loni Anderson's teenage love was always somewhere in the back of her mind. And in May, she finally married him.
"Never give up on finding your true love," Anderson, 62, tells PEOPLE.
After three marriages, the star of WKRP in Cincinnati and ex-wife of Burt Reynolds called up folk singer Bob Flick on a whim – and restarted a romance that they nurtured long distance.
"We had a year-long phone relationship, and I never ran out of things to say," Anderson says. "I fell in love through the phone calls. There was no pressure. We would just talk and talk."
The two had dated for seven months when Anderson was a 17-year-old Minnesota model. But she never stopped thinking about him, even singing his songs to her daughter and son when they were children. And by the time he proposed, there was only one answer Anderson could give.
"We were talking about things and I asked, what did he see happening in the next year," she says. "He said, 'To marry you.' I said, yes, I would."
Loni Anderson: 'Never Give Up' on True Love
Scott Downie/Celebrity Photo


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Music Photos
Photos: American Music Awards; half-nakedness, Justin Bieber-kissing and more
Photo: John Shearer/John Shearer/Invision/AP
Justin Bieber is smothered in kisses by presenter Jenny McCarthy as he accepts the award for favorite album - pop/rock for Believe at the 40th Anniversary American Music Awards on Sunday, Nov. 18, 2012, in Los Angeles. (Photo by John Shearer/Invision/AP)
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For Love of the Game
Oh, goody. More Kevin Costner and more baseball. Let's face it, the only reason baseball is America's pastime is that horribly overweight, out-of-shape fat guys can play it well into their forties. If Costner tried making a movie about a sport requiring actual physical fitness, he'd probably strike out.
In most baseball movies, the directors try to avoid the actual baseball, for the most part. This is because the game is slower than Monica Lewinsky on Celebrity Jeopardy. Director Sam Raimi is no exception, as pitcher Billy Chapel (Kevin Costner) gets involved in a perfect game (where the pitcher retires all 27 batters, hopefully making the entire contest take about an hour) while reminiscing about his relationship with Jane Aubrey (Kelly Preston).
Basically, Chapel is your typical self-absorbed jock who realizes in one night that baseball isn't everything and oh, how cool it would be to spend the rest of his life with the large-breasted wife of John Travolta. I mention the large breasts and the marriage to John Travolta not to be sexist, but to emphasize all three of Preston's qualifications for being in this film. What, exactly, has she done, other than flash her tits and marry Travolta? Answer: nada.
Basically, most people will sit through the first half of this film wondering what the hell the point is, then realize where it's going, then wonder for the last half if their incessant yawning might require medical attention. Why director Sam ("Evil Dead 2") Raimi got involved with this film is anybody's guess. It certainly would have benefited from a loose eyeball or severed hand.
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Cinci Reds Phenom Aroldis Chapman throws 104 mph fastball:
Entire American League wets panties and takes up soccer.
In one of the most amazing stories since the Boston team sold Babe Ruth to the Yankees for two tickets to "No No Nannette", the Cincinnati Red Legs have brought up a hard throwing phenom from their triple A Louisville franchise. From those weenie jock sniffers at www.si.com:
"(Chapman's) 104 mph fastball takes only .39 seconds to reach the plate,'' Bynum wrote. "Factoring a stride of about 5 feet, that time is reduced to .36 seconds. The average human eye blinks at a speed (between) three-tenths and four-tenths of a second. So if you are the batter and you blink at the point of Chapman's release, the ball will pass you before you open your eyes again.''
Read more: http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/paul_daugherty/09/02/chapman/index.html?eref=sihp#ixzz0yQrDLziz
{;-) Dan in (Cincinnati) Miami
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Red's Aroldis Chapman throws fastest pitch ever recorded
This guy is for real. Here is a list of the fastest baseball pitches ever recorded:
Fastest Recorded MLB Pitches (via Yahoo!)
Name Team Year MPH
Aroldis Chapman Reds 2010 105 MPH
Joel Zumaya Tigers 2006 104.8 MPH
Aroldis Chapman Reds 2010 104 MPH
Mark Wohlers Braves 1995 103 MPH
Armando Benitez Giants 2002 102 MPH
Jonathan Broxton Dodgers 2009 102 MPH
Neftali Feliz Rangers 2010 102 MPH
Bobby Jenks White Sox 2005 102 MPH
Randy Johnson Diamondbacks 2004 102 MPH
Matt Lindstrom Marlins 2007 102 MPH
Robb Nen Marlins 1997 102 MPH
Justin Verlander Tigers 2007 102 MPH
The 105-mph pitch was inside for a ball and evened the count at 2-2. [Hitter Tony] Gwynn had fouled off the previous two pitches and fouled off the next before striking out. He ought to be pleased with his effort, forcing Chapman to make seven pitches, the slowest of which was 102 mph.
"I didn't see it until the ball was behind me," Gwynn said. "I was trying not to look at the radar reading because I'd be intimidated. I saw how hard he was throwing and just tried to be slow and work my hands."
{;-) Dan in Miami
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I once pitched
to a biker chick in a bar, but got upended off of my barstool. Apparently, she was more sober than I was, not unusual at that particular time in my life.
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The Yugoslav Wars (2)by Nigel Thomas Darko Pavlovic K. Mikulan
Osprey's examination of Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia's involvement in the Yugoslav Wars (1991-1995), as well as their involvement in the conflicts of the years that followed. Following the death of the Yugoslavian strongman President Tito in 1980, the several semi-autonomous republics and provinces that he had welded into a nation in 1945 moved inexorably towards separation. As the world watched a series of wars ripped through this modern European state. In this second of two volumes, experts on the Balkan region give an unprecedented, clear and concise explanation of the armies of the the Bosnian Civil War 1992-5 as well as the conflicts in Kosovo and Macedonia. This includes the regular and militia forces which fought in these campaigns and which ultimately resulted in the UN/NATO policing of the region that continues to this day. The book is illustrated with rare photos and an extraordinary range of colour uniform plates.
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STARmeterSEE RANK
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Peter Moffatt (I) (1922–2007)
Peter Moffatt was born on April 15, 1922 in Newington, London, England. He was a director and actor, known for Doctor Who (1963), All Creatures Great and Small (1978) and Dial M for Murder (1974). He was married to Joan Kemp-Welch. He died on October 21, 2007 in London. See full bio »
Born:in Newington, London, England, UK
Died:(age 85) in London, England, UK


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OpenOffice.org  4.1.2
# Improvements include:
- Bug fixes in Writer, Calc, Impress/Draw, Base.
- Better WebDAV and file locking support: OpenOffice is now able to properly interact with Microsoft Sharepoint. These enhancements were funded, and contributed upstream, by the Emilia-Romagna regional administration (Italy), where OpenOffice was adopted a few years ago.
- Redesign of the PDF export dialog for better usability on small laptop screens.
- Updates of underlying libraries, for better performance and increased security.
- Security vulnerability fixes,


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Carolina Summer Institute
Now in its nineteenth year, the Carolina Summer Institute has provided training in the principles and practice of Listening and Spoken Language Therapy to hundreds of professionals from around the world. Registration opens 1/29/2016
Jul 10, 2016 12:00 AM
Jul 16, 2016 12:00 AM
|The Children's Cochlear Implant Center at UNC
|Contact Name
|Lillian Henderson
|Contact Phone
|Add event to calendar
Application Deadline: 2/29/2016
Application Notifications: 3/18/2016
Pre-learning online to begin 5/2/2016
Join us for the 19th annual Carolina Summer Institute. Our institute consists of online coursework and hands-on practice of Listening and Spoken Language therapy with Certified LSL coaches. This year's Institute will provide instruction and training to audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and teachers of the deaf who wish to develop their skills in Auditory-Verbal Therapy, a listening and spoken language approach for children with hearing loss. The institute will be held July 10-15, 2016 with online pre-learning to begin May 2nd.
Topics to be covered include, but are not limited to:
• Planning and Implementing the Auditory-Verbal Session
• The Development of an Auditory Feedback Loop: Strategies for Speech Babble and Critical Elements
• Beyond Input: Strategies for the Elicitation of Specific Vocabulary and Language Targets
• Conduction a tele-practice session using LSL techniques and strategies
Training will occur through online reading & assignments, taped lectures, group discussions, videotape analysis, self-study and hands-on practicum experiences with children who are enrolled in Listening and Spoken Language Therapy and their families. On-line learning will take between two to three hours each week to complete. Completion is necessary prior to on-site coaching experience.
Now in its nineteenth year, the Carolina Summer Institute has provided training in the principles and practice of Listening and Spoken Language Therapy to over two hundred professionals from around the world. For more information, please contact Lillian Henderson, MSP, CCC-SLP, LSLS Cert. AVT at 919-419-1428, firstname.lastname@example.com.
The deadline for application to the Institute is February 29th, 2016. Participants are encouraged to apply as early as possible to be considered.
Applicants will be notified of their acceptance into the Institute by March 18th, 2016.
In State Residents - $1000
Out-of-state Residents - $1200
Limited scholarship money may be available courtesy of special funding. To submit a request for scholarship, please check the box on the online registration form with a paragraph stating your need for scholarship funds to be able to participate in this year's Carolina Summer Institute.
Food, Lodging, & Parking
Carolina Summer Institute will be held at The Children's Cochlear Implant Center at UNC in Durham, NC about 10 minutes from UNC Chapel Hill campus. Institute participants are responsible for their own food, parking, and lodging. A number of rooms will be blocked at various hotels including on campus housing. Course participants will have access to a refrigerator to store lunches and a microwave at The Children's Cochlear Implant Center at UNC. In addition our center is close to several local restaurants. (DETAILS regarding lodging will be included with acceptance emails.)
Continuing Education
This program is offered 4.8 CEUs from ASHA and 14 LSLS CE credits for the on-line learning from AG Bell.
Make your check payable to: UNC CH / Dept. of ENT
Submit your payment by mail to:
The Children's Cochlear Implant Center of UNC
Attn: Robert Humphreys
5501 Fortunes Ridge Drive
Suite A
Durham, NC 27713
For more information, contact Lillian Henderson (email@example.com) at 919-419-1428.
The following presenters are employed by UNC-CH and do not have any relevant financial or non-financial relationships to disclose: Hannah Eskridge, SLP; Maegan Evans, PhD; Lillian Henderson, SLP; Erin Thompson, SLP; Chrissy Kramer, SLP; Sandra Hancock, SLP.
To register... (please note, the registration link will not work before registration opens)