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Düsseldorf, Germany, 4th March 2014 - Toshiba Electronics Europe (TEE) has launched a new range of hard disk drives (HDDs) meticulously engineered for mission critical IT operations. The AL13SX series HDDs with 6Gbit/s SAS interface and 15,000 RPM spindle speed, combine high performance with capacities up to 600GB[1] and compact 2,5 inch (64mm) size.
The AL13SX series offers the highest areal density available in a 15,000 RPM 2.5 inch design, providing a 100% increase in maximum capacity compared to previous generation AL12SX 300GB drives. The drives provide lower latency, superior performance and power savings compared with legacy 3.5 inch 15,000 RPM 600GB models.
Businesses are struggling to cope with the explosion of digital data and demand for rapid access. The AL13SX series helps meet these demands by reducing the footprint and operational burden of Tier 1 mission critical servers, servers hosting transaction-based applications and rack-optimised data centres.
Customers have the choice of AL13SX drives that support 512n, 512e, or 4Kn storage formats. The long sector (512e and 4Kn) models reach sustained transfer rates up to 243 MiB/s – an increase of 27% compared to previous generation drives. The 512 native models provide an increase of 19%, with sustained transfer rates reaching 228 MiB/s.
The 4Kn drives offer optimum performance and compatibility with the latest applications and operating environments. The native 512n sector and emulated 512e drives provide support for legacy applications and operating environments that require 512 byte sector lengths. Both the 512e and 4Kn models feature Persistent Write Cache technology that enables improved application performance and data-loss protection in the event of unexpected power loss.
Equipped with 6Gbit/s SAS 2.0 interfaces, the AL13SX series can be supplied with self-encryption, and cryptographic self-erase functionality known as Sanitize Instant Erase (SIE). Unlike a regular disk erase, which uses lengthy overwrite operations, the SIE function simply regenerates the encryption key, effectively invalidating all previously stored user data. This allows self-encrypting storage devices to be quickly and securely sanitized before re-allocation, redeployment or retirement.
"15,000 RPM HDDs are the backbone of mission critical IT systems and Toshiba's AL13SX series doubles drive capacity to 600GB while providing a clear migration pathway to 15,000 RPM 2.5 inch HDDs," said Martin Larsson, Vice President, Toshiba Electronics Europe, Storage Products Division. "The AL13SX series has lower latency and increased transfer rates, while achieving significant power savings – a real win-win for mission critical storage operations."
For more information please visit the Toshiba storage website at http://www.storage.toshiba.eu.
The images and factual figures accompany the article can be downloaded here.
About Toshiba Electronics Europe
Toshiba Electronics Europe (TEE) is the European electronic components business of Toshiba Corporation, which is ranked among the world's largest semiconductor vendors. TEE offers one of the industry's broadest IC and discrete product lines including high-end memory, microcontrollers, ASICs and ASSPs for automotive, multimedia, industrial, telecoms and networking applications. The company also has a wide range of power semiconductor solutions as well as storage products like HDDs, SSDs, SD Cards and USB sticks.
TEE was formed in 1973 in Neuss, Germany, providing design, manufacturing, marketing and sales and now has headquarters in Düsseldorf, Germany, with branch offices in France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. TEE employs approximately 300 people in Europe. Company president is Mr. Takashi Nagasawa.
For more company information visit TEE's web site at www.toshiba-components.com
About Toshiba
Toshiba Corporation is a world-leading diversified manufacturer, solutions provider and marketer of advanced electronic and electrical products and systems. Toshiba Group brings innovation and imagination to a wide range of businesses: digital products, including LCD TVs, notebook PCs, retail solutions and MFPs; electronic devices, including semiconductors, storage products and materials; industrial and social infrastructure systems, including power generation systems, smart community solutions, medical systems and escalators & elevators; and home appliances. Toshiba was founded in 1875, and today operates a global network of more than 590 consolidated companies, with 206,000 employees worldwide and annual sales surpassing US$61 billion.
Visit Toshiba's web site at www.toshiba.co.jp/index.htm
Contact details for publication:
Toshiba Electronics Europe, Hansaallee 181, D-40549 Düsseldorf, Germany
Tel: +49 (0) 211 5296 0 Fax: +49 (0) 211 5296 792197
Web: www.storage.toshiba.eu
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact details for editorial enquiries:
Carolin Wagner, Toshiba Electronics Europe
Tel: +49 (0) 89 2030203 43
E-mail: email@example.com
Issued by:
Matt Wilkinson / June Stokes, Pinnacle Marketing Communications Ltd,
Tel: +44 (0) 20 8429 6548/+44 (0) 20 8429 6556 Fax: +44 (0) 20 8868 4373.
Web: www.pinnacle-marketing.com
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com


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OpenOffice.org Base – No Frills Document Management
Document management systems (DMS) are not necessarily reserved for companies with complex workflows and thousands of documents. A no-frills personal DMS can come in handy in many situations. You can use it to organise your research materials, or manage article submissions. While there are a few open source DMSes out there, most are geared towards companies who need to manage their complicated document workflow. Also, most DMSes are server-based applications which require some skill to deploy and maintain.
But why not build your own little desktop document management solution? After all, OpenOffice.org Base is a rather capable tool for creating databases, and the OpenOffice.org Basic built-in scripting language can help to add some nifty features to your database applications. Like the idea but don't know where to start? No problem: this tutorial will guide you through the process of creating a simple document management database and adding a couple of useful features to it with OpenOffice.org
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subset: commoncrawl


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This year….wait..I mean last year…
Ok ok….For Christmas my mom got me these AH-MAZING cowboy boots. I was with her when she bought them…in November and she wouldn't let me have them until Christmas Eve. She did let me open them before we went to dinner, that was nice of her. (Everyone else had to wait till after dinner and the Christmas lights carriage ride.)
ANyway. I have been wanting some cowboy boots along this line for a long time. These will be a staple in my wardrobe and will be worn all year long with the only exception being maybe July/August when the heat it just too unbearable.
I had all the great intentions on having Mr. Right shoot a few photos of my in my own outfits to show you how I specifically style my cowboy boots. However, I keep getting busy procrastinating and I tried to set the camera up on a tripod this morning but it was like 5:30 am, no light to be had outside and I haven't yet figured out how to focus on something that isn't in front of the lens yet…..SO….I may re-vist this fashion idea sometime and have photos of my own but for today I found sets on polyvore that are very similar to the way I wear my boots.
Here's what my lovely boots look like:
And here are some very cute ways to style boots. I would wear any or all of these looks.
Linking up here to Fashion Friday!


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Valencia sophomore shortstop Christian Lopes and West Ranch third baseman Casey Watkins were named to the CIF-Southern Section Division I first team, Hart catcher Jessica Shults and Valencia infielder Madison Shipman garnered softball honors on the CIF-SS Div. I teams, and Nick Ferry was the lone Santa Clarita Valley representative on boys volleyball's CIF-SS Div. II team.
Lopes put up one of the best offensive seasons in Valencia history, cranking 15 home runs and knocking in 33 runs, while hitting .458.
Watkins also put up an impressive campaign in the box, hitting .419 and driving in a league-leading 45 runs.
Shults finished the year with a .448 batting average, 10 home runs, 27 RBIs and 26 runs scored.
Shipman recovered from a fractured knee cap to bat .411 and knock in 21 runs in 25 games.
Ferry starred at libero for a Valencia team that ran its Foothill League undefeated mark to 82 consecutive games.
Joining Lopes and Watkins on the All-CIF team were second-teamers Jake Bernards and Trevor Fredrickson of West Ranch, Scotland McKenzie of Valencia and Hart second baseman Spenser Souza.
Bernards capped his baseball career with a dominant season for the Wildcats, hitting .482 with eight homers, while holding down first base for West Ranch.
Fredrickson proved to be the most dominant pitcher in the Foothill League, posting a 1.10 ERA in 13 starts, nine of which he won.
Providing pop in the middle of the league's most potent lineup, McKenzie drilled seven homers and 30 RBIs, accumulating a .435 batting average.
Souza followed up a season as Hart's starting quarterback with a team-leading nine homers and a .385 average.
Destiny Rodino joined her battery-mate on the All-CIF softball squad, thanks to a dominant year of pitching. The Hart senior won a Foothill League-high 26 games, while notching a 0.75 ERA.
Brown was selected after batting .393 on the season.
Valencia pitcher Carly Mortensen was the youngest Foothill League player on the team. The freshman pitcher earned 17 wins and notched a 1.15 ERA.
Valencia landed two more players on the volleyball team with senior Jon Souisa getting second-team honors and Daniel Johnson taking a spot on the third team.


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Investigative journalist Carl Bernstein, who was instrumental in bringing to light the Watergate Scandal, says the solution to the problem with Capitol Hill is 'the best atttainable version of the truth'.
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Time left to call 00 : 00 : 00
Most Internet providers in Flandreau have spotty, unreliable service with speeds that lag whenever you start a download or stream a video. But with CenturyLink® High-Speed Internet in Flandreau, SD, you can leave this problem in the past. CenturyLink Internet gives you a direct Internet connection that's all yours, so you'll never have to worry about having enough bandwidth. CenturyLink Internet can also support many mobile devices, meaning you can turn your home into a wireless hub. You can stream shows on your tablet while your kids play games on the laptop and your spouse watches TV—all with virtually no lags or delays. You can also get constant wireless security through the Advanced Networking modem and add even more advanced security to any package with CenturyLink @Ease. Plus, you'll love the 24/7 tech support that keeps every CenturyLink Internet user connected. Get less expensive, more reliable Internet today with CenturyLink Internet in Flandreau!
Cell phone overages hurting your bank account? Switch to CenturyLink home phone service and get unlimited local calling. A landline phone service allows you to make calls outside of your monthly cell phone limit. And the best part: no more weak reception and dropped calls in the basement! With the right plan, CenturyLink Home Phone service can even get you lower rates on international calling! Here are just a few of the convenient, advanced calling features that come with CenturyLink Home Phone:
If you know sports, you know that DIRECTV leads the way when it comes to bringing all the action right to your living room. Now CenturyLink Internet is bringing it to you for less with the DIRECTV Bundle! Enjoy incredibly fast CenturyLink Internet plus the incredible options included with DIRECTV for a rate that can't be beat when you get this CenturyLink Bundle. Not only will you be able to get leading coverage of every sport, you'll also enjoy exclusive access to NFL SUNDAY TICKET with your DIRECTV Bundle! And if that wasn't enough, the DIRECTV Bundle gives you the ability to watch sports from multiple TVs and record up to five programs at once§. Plus, if you forget to schedule your recording, you can access your DVR from anywhere, so you don't miss a thing.
Whether you get a phone and Internet bundle, a TV and Internet bundle, or any of the other CenturyLink Bundles available now, you're practically guaranteed to save money and make your life easier with a CenturyLink Bundle. Not only is it cheaper to get a CenturyLink Bundle rather than getting all of your home services through separate providers—it gives you the convenience of merging all your home service bills into a single monthly statement. And unlike many Internet providers in Flandreau, CenturyLink also saves you money by offering a 3-Year Price-Lock Guarantee on certain CenturyLink Bundles, ensuring that your package price won't change for three whole years.


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Friday, December 14, 2012
eBay Model
I have been polishing brass, cleaning glass, and Murphy's-Oil-Soaping bamboo - cleaning up all the opium pipe accessories and the pipe itself. Getting ready for an eBay photo shoot. Whiskers was helping. I explained to him I do not need a cat model today...
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on December 11, 2012 - 12:01 AM
They just can't help themselves. The fringe right of the Republican Party – paranoid or of some other diminished capacity – seems utterly unable to deal in reality, dwelling instead in a bizarre landscape produced by its own fever dreams.
In that unhappy place, a treaty that holds up an American law as a model for the rest of the world is a prospect to be feared. Even the support of conservative Republicans like Sen. John McCain and former Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole – undeniably brave and honorable men – isn't powerful enough to break the spell.
That happened last week when the Senate voted 61-38 to ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Though supporters vastly outnumbered opponents, the vote still fell short of the constitutionally required two-thirds majority, or 67 votes.
The treaty, patterned on the Americans with Disabilities Act, forbids discrimination against disabled people. As described by Sen. John F. Kerry, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the treaty would encourage other nations to develop protections such as this country's.
The treaty would be overseen by the United Nations, which was enough to send the Chicken Little right into paroxysms of fear. Former Sen. Rick Santorum, a 2012 Republican presidential candidate, charged that the United States would be relinquishing its sovereignty to a U.N. committee and that said committee would, somehow, violate the rights of parents who home-school their disabled children. (Santorum also once worried that granting the right to consensual gay sex would lead to legalized incest, polygamy and more. He also thinks states should be allowed to ban birth control.)
It was all lunacy, but such is the mind-set of the zealots who have kidnapped the party of Lincoln. And in practicing their lunacy, they have told the rest of the world to be less like us, not more, and that it's not important to worry about their citizens who have disabilities.
There may yet be hope. Kerry has pledged to bring the treaty back for another vote this winter. By then, Democrats will hold two additional Senate seats. That will pare the opposition. Then it will be up to the Senate, especially Republicans, to break the fever of enough Republicans to muster the 67 votes needed to approve this treaty.
It is, frankly, embarrassing for the United States, champion of the rights of the disabled, to reject this treaty based on the hallucinations of the far right. The treaty has already been signed by 155 nations and ratified by 126, including Great Britain, France, Germany and even China and Russia. There is no reason this nation should not join them.
There are many reasons for rational Republicans to wrest their party back from the zealots, but this is another. Who will trust the judgment of a party whose members reject their history as defenders of the downtrodden and, instead, act like members of a cult?


text: Lower the carbs on days you don't lift. On days you lift eat big easy digestible carbs with a lean protein. When you lift stay with compound lifts only and go heavy as hell and balls out 2 times per week. If you are sticking with pull ups, squats, dips, deadlifts, bench press, military press you will put on pounds of meat. Sprint once a week and walk........now this sounds like what Mark preaches....it works.


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Billy Connolly has been treated for prostate cancer.
According to a statement on his website, the Scottish actor underwent minor surgery in the United States and has successfully recovered.
Connolly, 70, also has the initial symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and is receiving treatment.
The Brave star, also known for his roles in Gulliver's Travels, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events and The Last Samurai plans to continue working.
"Billy has been assured by experts that the findings will in no way inhibit or affect his ability to work, and he will start filming a TV series in the near future, as well as undertaking an extensive theatrical tour of New Zealand in the new year," the statement said.
Billy Connolly Treated for Cancer, Diagnosed with Early Parkinson's
Charles Eshelman/FilmMagic


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Back for more! The Rockland Riff Radio show already popped its cherry with some deep cut tunes from the James Gang, Captain Beyond, Godsmack and Porno for Pyros – but we just couldn't get enough the first time around. So we're here to rock it out with round 2!
New! Here's the Spotify list of what we play on this episode!
We have some more mainstream and non-mainstream songs coming at you tonight at 8 pm. And remember to visit our awesome sponsors, who without their help, we couldn't bring this show to you each month!
Some tunes you will hear on this first edition include artists such as:
- Brian Augers Oblivion Express
- Cactus
- Guns N' Roses
- Armageddon (featuring Keith Relf)
- Pantera
- Motorhead
- Ozzy Osbourne


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The China Product Hazard Monthly Summary Bulletin advises Chinese manufacturers of the most commonly occurring hazards posed by products they produced such as excessive lead levels in children's products, choking hazards caused by children's upper outerwear garments with drawstrings, and others. More information on specific cases listed below is available by clicking on the link or going to CPSC's Recalls page.
Recall #
Description of Hazard
The alkaline batteries used in the home heating and cooling thermostat can leak onto the circuit board, posing a fire hazard.
A component in the dehumidifier's compressor can short circuit, posing a fire hazard.
Drawstrings of children's jackets and hoodies can become entangled or caught on playground slides, hand rails, school bus doors or other moving objects, posing a significant strangulation and/or entanglement hazard to children.
The mobile power bar can overheat, posing a fire hazard.
Children can get entangled in the electrical cord that hangs from the children's wall-mounted lamps, posing a strangulation hazard.
The steer tube on the bicycle fork can break and cause the rider to lose control, posing a risk of injury.
Girl's coats have a drawstring tie sewn into the side seam at the waist that could become snagged or caught in small spaces or vehicle doors, posing a significant entanglement hazard to children.
The rechargeable batteries used in the handheld video monitor can overheat and rupture, posing a burn hazard to consumers.
Glass fish bowls can crack, shatter or break during normal handling, posing a laceration hazard to consumers.
The electric leaf blower's impeller can break and strike the operator during use, posing a laceration hazard.
The handle grips on each end of SO7X Isometric Exercise Device can break during use and cause parts to be forcefully ejected from the shaft, posing a risk of injury from impact to the user or bystander.
When compressed, the steel toe cap in the steel-toed work shoes can fail to protect the wearer's feet.
The inside of the stainless steel tool chest's right door has a metal stopper or flange with a sharp edge running the length of the door, posing a laceration hazard.
CPSC publishes business guidance in multiple languages.
List of Key Documents Available in Foreign Languages
The link you selected is for a destination outside of the Federal Government. CPSC does not control this external site or its privacy policy and cannot attest to the accuracy of the information it contains. You may wish to review the privacy policy of the external site as its information collection practices may differ from ours. Linking to this external site does not constitute an endorsement of the site or the information it contains by CPSC or any of its employees.
Click Ok if you wish to continue to the website; otherwise, click Cancel to return to our site.


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Project comments (0) | Write a comment
|LeNae Gerig
Snowflakes & Pearls card
By LeNae Gerig
Click to Enlarge
Designer's Tip: When layering the 3-D Dazzles, lift the pieces forward to give dimension. When placing the adhesive pearls along the curved edge on the card, use fingertips to shape the pearls as you place them. Trim the pearl lengths when at a sharp point and begin another row.


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A Community For People Who Buy, Sell or Collect Antiques, Collectibles and Art
i found a bulova 23 wrist watch mixed in with some yard sale items and want to know if its worth anything. i've tried searching for it online, but no luck! if anyone can help, i would appreciate it very much! thank you!!
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Product Information
GourmetGiftBaskets Super Bowl Tailgate Party Gift Basket
No Super Bowl Party is complete without one of our Super Bowl Party Gift Baskets! Guaranteed to transform any space into the ultimate Tailgate Party, our Super Bowl Party Gift Baskets will surely win over all those in attendance with an array of delicious snack foods. The Tailgate Party Gift Basket has something for everyone! Inside you'll find popcorn, crackers, cookies, chips & salsa, pretzels & dip, and much more! The Super Bowl Party Gift Basket is like a gourmet snack food caterer for the party. Tailgate Party Gift Baskets have never been this good! Make this years' Tailgate Party the best ever with our one of a kind Super Bowl Party Gift Baskets. - Order before 4PM EST and your order ships out the same day! - Your gift always arrives with an upscale, FREE gift card! - Award-Winning Gift Baskets with Award-Winning Gourmet Foods. - 100% Satisfaction Guarantee for you and your recipient. GourmetGiftBaskets Super Bowl Tailgate Party Gift Basket #4215 - BBQ Accessories
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How does the concept of Beauty keep surviving in the wake of the repeated proclamations of its demise? Quite often at odds with many currents in literary and art criticism as well as artists' visions of art, it offers itself as a very controversial subject in a number of works, most recently Wendy Steiner's Venus in Exile, Elaine Scarry's On Beauty and Being Just, and Geremy Gilbert-Rolfe's Beauty and the Contemporary Sublime. The ensuing debate raises numerous questions: How do we approach a work of art? What criteria do we devise and how do we respond to art? How have approaches to aesthetics changed over time and what are the determining factors for these changes? How do social and political institutions generate aesthetic theories? In what way can aesthetic theories resist/change social paradigms? In this two day event we will revisit the debate over Beauty in different historical periods. Expecting submissions from students in a variety of fields (art history, literature, philosophy, music, film, architecture), the list of subjects is open:
The proposals (up to 300 words) for panels and 20 minute presentations should be forwarded to Alexander Moudrov at firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com, or the address below. We acknowledge the receipt of proposals within two-three days. If the presenter so desires, it can be accompanied by a complete essay. The submissions should be received by September 26, 2004, although we encourage you to send your proposal earlier. We are continuously reviewing the submissions to form appropriate panels.
You will be notified whether your proposal has been accepted no later than September 30, and we would like to hear from the accepted applicants no later than October 7. The program list will be posted promptly after that. There is no regisration fee and the conference is free to attend.


text: Auckland - Ailing All Blacks legend Jonah Lomu's family has requested an information blackout on his latest health scare and may have sold his story to a magazine, the hospital caring for him said on Thursday.Lomu, who suffers from kidney problems, was admitted to Auckland Hospital last week suffering from an undisclosed illness.Since then, he has received emotional messages of support from New Zealand's Rugby World Cup squad and Prime Minister John Key amid speculation about his health fuelled by the hospital's refusal to release details of his condition.The Auckland District Health Board (ADHB), which runs the hospital, released a statement saying Lomu's family had asked it to "not release any information whatsoever about Jonah's care"."We have respected their wishes at all times and continue to do so," it said. "The same courtesy would be extended to any of our patients."However, the health authority added: "ADHB has become aware of the possibility of an exclusive agreement with a magazine. ADHB has had no involvement in any agreement whatsoever."It said it had acted in good faith to the many media enquiries it had received about Lomu's wellbeing.Lomu, 36, is widely regarded as rugby union's first global superstar, lighting up the 1995 and 1999 World Cups with his devastating displays on the wing.But his playing career was cut short by the rare kidney disorder nephrotic syndrome, which causes fatigue, weakness and kidney failure over the long term.He underwent a kidney transplant in 2004, receiving an organ donated by New Zealand radio announcer Grant Kereama.Lomu was heavily involved in promoting this year's World Cup in New Zealand as a rugby "ambassador" and had a cameo role in the opening ceremony on September 9, appearing as hero for younger players just starting in the sport.Many of the current crop of All Blacks look up to him, with players and New Zealand Rugby Union staff gathering after team training in Wellington on Wednesday to hold up letters reading "Get Well Jonah - Kia Kaha (Be Strong)"."It's sad to see a man like that the way he is at the moment, so we're really hoping for him to get well quickly," hooker Keven Mealamu told reporters on Wednesday, adding that he had no information on Lomu's condition.Key also sent his best wishes earlier this week and said he was considering visiting Lomu in hospital.The ADHB could not be contacted for comment, although the stuff.co.nz news website said it was directing all queries to a women's magazine "because they're the only ones allowed to know about his condition".


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HARRISBURG — Some said it was an impossible task - ousting the city's longtime leader, who had been dubbed "mayor for life."
But on Tuesday, City Councilwoman Linda D. Thompson did just that, soundly defeating seven-term incumbent Stephen R. Reed in the Democratic primary, positioning herself to become the first African American and first female mayor of Harrisburg.
"I have a lot of historical happenings surrounding me," said Thompson, 48, who runs a nonprofit that trains people to get jobs. "The people voted for real change, and not just for change's sake."


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The City of Santa Clarita recently launched a new searchable online tool that allows community members to quickly pinpoint the location of engraved bricks at the Veterans Historical Plaza.
By typing in the veteran's name, the database will provide residents with a list of memorial bricks matching that name along with the location of each correlating stone.
"The City takes pride in ensuring that our Veterans and their families receive the support and recognition they deserve," said Councilmember Laurene Weste. "Thanks to the online brick locator feature, community members can easily find personalized bricks, which serve to recognize and honor the valiant service of our local veterans."
In 2000, the Santa Clarita City Council initiated an aggressive effort to raise funds for the design and construction of the Veterans Historical Plaza. With the support of Historical Veterans Memorial Committee and then Assemblymember George Runner and State Senator Pete Knight, Santa Clarita secured $250,000 in State funding through the Department of Veterans Affairs.
The one-half acre Veterans Historical Plaza includes a Victorian garden, a bronze statue of "Willie the Drummer Boy," a brick walkway and hundreds of engraved bricks honoring local veterans. Twice a year, community members have with the opportunity to honor veterans by purchasing a memorial brick to be placed at Veterans Plaza.
The Santa Clarita Veterans Historical Plaza is located at 24275 North Walnut Street in Old Town Newhall. For more information about the Veterans Plaza or to search the online brick database, visit www.Santa-Clarita.com/veterans.
Note: The Signal delivers press releases from reliable sources to provide up-to-the-minute information to our website readers. Information from these releases has not been vetted by The Signal news room. It may appear subsequently in news stories after it has been vetted.


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Irish Party Hats
Irish Party Hats more info…
Price in our catalog: 34$
Model ? 9468
Available sizes (head circumference): 56
This is a very successful model hats. It is equally well suited to you, despite your age. You will be able to wear this hat with any clothing. Currently, such models are very popular among young people.
In stock: 65
Similar models in our store: 6
Sold last month: 14
Color 7 of the available palettes
Style rating: 76
Popularity rating (this model): 43
Brand popularity rating: 43
This entry (Permalink) was posted on Saturday, October 23rd, 2010 at 5:45 pm and is filed under all_hats. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site.


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D. a stay at home mum who worked as a Speech Pathologist in her past life. Her 2 beautiful girls and little boy add laughter and spice to every day, and she never wants to go back to "work". Her ...
D. a stay at home mum who worked as a Speech Pathologist in her past life. Her 2 beautiful girls and little boy add laughter and spice to every day, and she never wants to go back to "work". Her business card now states that she is a 'domestic resources coordinator' . She isn't sure that she should have written that down on the last jury duty form, but it is too late now.....
She loves making anything, from clothes (both sewn and knitted) to leather masks and of course toys for all the children in her life.
In her humble opinion there is never enough hours in the day for craft and far too many for housework. :)
More of her patterns can be found at http://www.etsy.com/shop/ebonyshaedesigns, or regular updates on upcoming patterns can be found at Ebony Shae Designs on facebook www.facebook.com/EbonyShaeDesigns.
What a hoot!
Create your own, easy to sew owl mask. You're friends won't believe you made it yourself! Cheap and quick gift idea - you can make this for under $5 for materials!
Soft felt conforms to the face and sits comfortably. Elastic band at the back for a comfortable, multi-size fit. Great for make believe and dress up fun. This pattern is not, however recommended for dogs, no matter what the photos might lead you to believe!
When you purchase this pattern, you will receive a 6 page PDF VIA EMAIL. Your PDF will contain; 1 page of pattern and 5 pages of tutorial with easy to follow, step-by-step instructions and colour photos for every stage of the creation process. Easy to read print and no sewing machine needed!
(Great little travelling project as not many materials are required).
And if the thought of hand sewing sends you into a spin, don't worry! You can sew these patterns with a machine.
Skill level: Easy Peasy. Diagrams of how to do stitches are also included in the pattern for those of us who regularly think, "Now running stitch..... Which one is that?" (If however, you don't know how to sew on a button, this skill level may be incorrect for you, but you should STILL be able to sew the mask. If you are having any trouble, you can email the creator who will give you any help she can).


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Tunneling Under Sidewalks and Driveways
DEAR TIM: I am installing some low voltage lighting in the planting beds in front of my home. But a sidewalk is blocking me from running the cable from bed to bed. I do not want to have to break apart the concrete or saw cut a small groove through it. Is there an easy way to go under the sidewalk with disturbing its integrity? Surely you had to do this once or twice and can share your secret tools and tricks. Mike S, Kalamazoo, MI
DEAR MIKE: How right you are. I can't think of the number of times I had to extend a drain pipe, cable, irrigation line, gas line, etc. under a driveway, sidewalk or retaining wall without disturbing the finished surface material. Sometimes, the task was easy; other times it was a nightmare. But you are correct in thinking, I learned some creative solutions to the different challenges.
My first inspiration for creating invisible pathways came from a fantastic backhoe operator I used to hire. We had to extend a pipe under a six foot wide sidewalk and digging a tunnel by hand with a duckbill shovel gave me a headache just thinking about it much less from doing it.
The backhoe operator showed up at the jobsite with a large 16 foot long six-inch diameter steel pipe that had a coned-shaped metal end. He dug a two-foot deep trench perpendicular to the sidewalk and laid the pipe into the trench with the pointed end towards the sidewalk. He positioned the backhoe and used the hydraulic power of the machine to push the pipe under the sidewalk. The entire operation took about five minutes.
You don't need this type of machine or tool to solve your problem, but the point is, there are creative ways to tunnel under the surface. I learned another fantastic trick from a fellow plumber that will work for you. We had to extend a new four-inch diameter sewer line from an existing house to a new detached garage / pool house that was seven feet away. We drilled a six-inch diameter hole through the concrete foundation of the house so that a four-inch PVC pipe could be inserted and tilted at a slight upward angle for drainage purposes.
This plumber used a reciprocating saw to cut a chisel point on a scrap piece of four-inch PVC pipe. The tip of the pipe looked like a giant hypodermic needle. We inserted the pipe into the hole and tapped a block of wood fitted against the end of the pipe with a sledge hammer until it pierced into the clay soil about four inches. Using a large pipe wrench we rotated the pipe so that the chisel point end cut out a soil plug. We pulled the pipe back into the basement, removed the soil from the inside and repeated the operation. Within an hour, we had a perfect pathway created that passed from the existing basement under the footer of the new building.
Watch Tim demonstrate this method on his Underground Wire Tunnel Video.
You can do this exact same thing to create your pathway, but use a smaller one and one-half inch diameter PVC pipe. You will have to hand dig a trench as my backhoe operator did so that the pipe you are using is parallel with the top surface of the sidewalk. If your soil is rocky, you will probably have to use a steel pipe with the chisel cut instead of the more-fragile plastic piping.
Another ingenious method that is somewhat messy, yet effective, is cutting a pathway using a pressure washer. If your wand has a 0 degree tip, you will be in business. A 0 degree tip creates a powerful narrow stream of water not much wider than a pipe cleaner. You will have to dig a similar trench perpendicular to the sidewalk so you can get the wand parallel with the top surface of the sidewalk.
Wear goggles as the high-pressure stream of water will blast out mud, small stones, etc. back towards you as you point the wand directly into the dirt. This method is very effective and depending upon your soil type, you can create a pathway in a matter of minutes.
Stop the spray every few minutes to inspect the size of the pathway you are creating. A two-inch diameter pathway one foot under the sidewalk should not create any type of structural problem for the sidewalk. If you want to minimize or eliminate any settlement problems, fill the cavity with sand after the electric cable is installed. Pour sand into the hole and use water from a garden hose to help move it under the sidewalk.
You can dig pathways by hand with a special duck billed shovel. These tools have 16-inch long narrow blades that will create a six or seven inch diameter hole. But the limit of the digging is limited to about half the length of the shovel. It is also very hard to drive the shovel into soil when you are on your knees or twisted like a pretzel in a larger trench.
The chisel-point pipe method works very well if your soil is primarily clay or a sandy clay. The twisting motion of the pipe cuts a crisp soil plug each time. Use a smaller diameter pipe shoved into the pointed pipe to remove the soil plug.
If you use a pressure washer, you can actually use a pipe to help control the size of the pathway. As you start to cut the soil with the water insert a pipe that is as long as the sidewalk is wide. Slide the pressure washing wand into the pipe and start to tap the pipe under the sidewalk as the water cuts the channel. If the end of the pipe is always in contact with the soil as the water blasts away, you will only remove as much soil as the outer diameter of the pipe that is surrounding the wand. Leave the pipe in place once the pathway is created to eliminate settlement problems.
12 Responses to Tunneling Under Sidewalks and Driveways
I have a home in Mich. woodchucks burrowed a tunnel underneath concrete drive right outside garage.Assuming if it goes a the way across to other side,how can I best fill this end so no infiltration of water etc thru winter? I thought of some kind of gophergoo.com or pvc pipe and plug it.Sand is they only other cheap way to fill that I know of. Any suggestions? Thank you very much for responding!
This is some interesting information. I'm wondering if I could do it to make a tunnel for an egress window drainage system. I have no experience in this stuff, but what people tell me is to use a drain tile to carry the water away from the house. I've been trying to think of ways to do that without digging a trench because it would have to be about 5 feet deep and that's too much work. The problem I think I'll run into with this method is that the egress well is only about 3 feet wide, which would only allow me to use 3 feet of pipe for the drilling method. I don't know if that would be a sufficient length to install the tile. Could you offer any suggestions? Do I even need to use drain tile or is there something else I can do.
Okay, my mom is home owners of a neighborhood. We don't have much money or income. And we need to replace electrical wiring under ground due to a mistake by verizon, they cut the line and they are not replacing it, because there is no evidence that they did it. The problem is how can we get under the road without stopping people from getting into and out of the neighborhood without being to expensive. Like cheap. If you can figure this situation out, then please email me at
Zachary HInski
I wish verizon would just take ownership of making a mistake but, there not, so yeah we need an answer, because we can only have half of the front entrance lit up.
Is it possible to tunnel under a sidewalk made with pavers that are on compacted gravel over a sandy soil (Florida). The pavers are held in place with cement that was placed along the entire edge of the sidewalk. The walk is about 3' wide. I need to get a drain pipe underneath. Thanks for your help.
Had a question about the chisel method above. It appears the plumber drove the pipe under the sidewalk/patio from the basement being the origin. Is that method also acceptable for electrical feeds between two structures?
Unfortunately NEC says nothing affirming or denying the exit below grade method.
Hi, I have a plastic gas pipe (poly) which I want to put under my driveway. Do you think the pipe over time will get a lot of stress? Should I use other type of pipes or is it going to work with the astm d2513
I can imagine that having to be detoured because of construction would be a pain. I can see how boring under the road, or sidewalk is better and causes fewer delays. Would need to find a professional that knows how to do it, and do it right.


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|Women, Men, Girls, Boys
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Learn a new stitch and make a unique tam for your gorgeous dreads!
This pattern uses DK weight yarn which is lightweight and perfect for warmer weather. If you'd like a heavier tam, than you can substitute with Aran weight yarn. The tam will be slightly bigger, and the gauge will be off just a bit, but since this tam is adjustable it won't make much of a difference.
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MPA NEWS Vol. 3, No. 1 July 2001
How Climate Change Could Affect MPAs: What Practitioners Need to Know
Plan for MPA System in Victoria (Australia) Faces Impasse on Issue of Fisher Compensation
MPA Perspective: Using Biological Survey Data When Selecting MPAs -- A Framework
Earth's climate is continually varying on a wide range of time scales, from seasons to the lifetime of the planet. Most of this variability is natural, such as the periodic rapid warming trend in the Pacific Ocean known as El Niño. Climate change can also be induced by humans, however, through activities causing the emission of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities. Among climate scientists, there is general agreement that this build-up is likely the main cause of a rise in surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures in recent decades. The average ocean temperature, from sea surface down to 10,000 feet (3050 meters), has risen by 0.05 degrees C since the 1950s. Researchers have only just begun to determine the effects of such warming on marine ecosystems. This month, MPA News examines the scientific understanding of climate change in the marine environment, and what global ocean warming could entail for the planning and management of MPAs.
Scientific uncertainty
There are difficulties involved in adequately observing the diverse aspects of the climate system. A recent report by the US National Research Council (NRC) -- Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions -- states that accurate predictions of global climate change will require major advances in the modeling of factors that determine greenhouse gas concentrations and the various feedbacks in the climate system. The level and timing of natural variability inherent in the climate record is still uncertain.
Elbert (Joe) Friday, director of the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate for the US National Academy of Sciences, says the complexities of marine ecosystems add further challenges to determining the impact of climate change on oceans. Friday, who addressed the Second Marine Conservation Biology Symposium (San Francisco, California, US) last month, said much more research is necessary on cause-and-effect relationships among physical and biological factors in the marine environment.
"Most of the 'climate' observations in the marine environment do not include measurements of the biological systems and vice versa," said Friday. "We are truly entering into an era when multidisciplinary research is a must for proper understanding of the ecosystem responses to climate variability and change."
That said, climate scientists are in general agreement over what some of the effects of global warming could be on physical ocean and coastal systems. Sea level, which rose over the past century, would continue to rise through the 21st century, mostly due to thermal expansion of seawater. With higher sea level, coastal regions could be subject to increased wind, flood, and erosion damage, as well as loss of wetlands and mangroves. Low-lying islands would be submerged. Some scientists predict that climate change could also increase the extent and severity of storm impacts, particularly in tropical regions.
On a longer time scale -- into the 22nd century and beyond -- the dynamics of large ice sheets would become increasingly relevant, according to the NRC report. If all polar ice were to melt, the sea level would rise by 200 feet (61 meters).
Such substantial melting of the polar ice sheets could take centuries to occur, however. Friday cautions MPA practitioners against focusing too much on the long-term threat of climate change and not enough on natural climate variability. "The time scale of climate change is such that its impacts on the contents of marine protected areas are small compared to the natural climate variability and the major changes caused by such events as hurricanes, floods and severe droughts, for example," he said. "Climate change may have a gradual impact over the long run, but the seasonal to interannual variabilities will probably predominate MPAs for some time to come."
Ocean warming and coral bleaching
Among MPA practitioners in tropical regions, discussions of climate change often center around the issue of coral bleaching. Coral bleaching, in which reefs turn white, occurs when corals experience stress. Any number of stressors -- including siltation, pollution, destructive fishing practices, exposure to freshwater, and increased temperatures -- can result in the loss of corals' symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), whose photosynthetic pigments give coral reefs their color. Bleached corals can survive for some time, but if conditions do not return to normal they can die.
In 1997-98, a massive coral bleaching event -- in which reef systems around the world bleached and suffered widespread mortality -- caused many coral researchers to draw a link between climate change and bleaching. The timing was suggestive: 1998 was the warmest year recorded last century, which resulted in elevated sea surface temperatures in many areas. Many reports of bleaching coincided with these unusually high sea surface temperatures, which were often 3-5 degrees C higher than normal.
Although coral bleaching is not a new phenomenon, the extent of coral mortality in 1998 was the most severe and extensive ever documented. In response, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in 1999 convened an expert group on coral bleaching; the group concluded that the geographic extent and increasing frequency of mass bleaching events since the mid-1970s were likely the result of rising sea surface temperatures caused by climate change.
If sea temperature is expected to continue to rise, and bleaching is a consequence of higher sea temperatures, coral reef communities inside and outside of MPAs could be significantly affected.
Janice Lough, principal research scientist with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, notes that bleaching response of corals has been shown to vary with location, depth, and taxa. "Certain species appear to be more susceptible to bleaching mortality," said Lough. "Thus, repeated severe bleaching events (in the absence of significant adaptation or acclimation) are likely to alter the make-up of present-day coral reef communities."
Coral species diversity might decrease, she said, as well as the diversity of habitats available for non-coral components of coral reef ecosystems. The composition and distribution of reef fish species would change in turn. "Coral reefs would not disappear but individual reefs would look different," said Lough.
Lough points out, however, that although climate change appears to be a real threat to coral reefs, there are many local stressors that make coral reefs more susceptible to the impacts of climate change, like pollution and destructive fishing practices. "Working to solve local stresses and human impacts on coral reef ecosystems can help coral reef ecosystems become more resilient to, and better able to cope with, climate change," she said.
Reducing local stresses
Indu Hewawasam agrees with Lough. A senior environmental specialist for environment and social development in Africa with the World Bank, Hewawasam says that although warming sea temperatures were the ultimate reason for the 1997-98 event, there were several chronic factors that had already served to weaken many of the reefs.
"This crisis offers an opportunity for policymakers to control some of those other factors," she said. Hewawasam is a leader of CORDIO, an international program created to respond to coral reef degradation in the Indian Ocean. Supported by several organizations, including the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and the World Bank, CORDIO is working to mitigate impacts of coral bleaching through, among other efforts, the development of alternative livelihoods for coral-dependent communities.
"One of the goals of the program is to move people away from reef-based activities in general," said Hewawasam. "It's a big challenge. You can't change people's behavior easily. We've been trying to take a participatory approach to learn what they are interested in doing." The program is not just for the good of the reefs, she said; it can also help human communities to avoid economic dislocation in the event of mass coral bleaching.
A new report from the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center (US) offers suggestions to coral resource managers on how to prepare for bleaching events. Compiled from papers presented at the 2000 International Coral Reef Symposium in Bali, Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response (see box at end of article) provides practitioners with a two-pronged strategic approach to coral management. The first strategy is to implement responses that generally promote coral health, under the assumption that healthier reefs are usually less vulnerable to mortality from bleaching. The second strategy is to identify and pursue responses specific to bleaching. This latter strategy could include management of fisheries on bleached reefs to protect species population composition and species that are useful in maintaining coral health during bleaching events (e.g., herbivores that scrape algae off dead coral, maintaining suitable surfaces for coral larvae recruitment).
David Obura of CORDIO-East Africa says fisheries management is critical. "Specifically for East Africa, there are two aspects of fishing that are damaging," said Obura. "First is plain overfishing, such that the ecological state of the reef shifts toward macroalgae and/or bioeroding grazers (sea urchins). In this situation the survival of coral recruits and juveniles is compromised, and this is quite easy to explain to fishermen. Without young corals, the reef as a whole degrades, and they understand well the concept of corals as 'fish homes'. Second is beach seining -- large nets with small mesh size, dragged over the bottom by teams of 10-25 men. Again, it's not hard to explain to fishermen that physical destruction of corals -- while they're obviously dying from bleaching -- is not good for the reef."
Obura says that through CORDIO's involvement of local fishermen in reef monitoring exercises around the Kiunga Marine Reserve in Kenya, they have seen first-hand the bleached coral as it is being explained to them. "The additional threat to their livelihoods from bleaching has strengthened their resolve to sort out issues they can deal with, like overfishing," he said.
Effects of climate change at higher latitudes
According to the NRC report, climate models predict global warming to be larger over high latitudes than over low latitudes. Nonetheless, marine scientists studying temperate and polar ocean systems have not had the attention-getting image of coral bleaching on which to focus. Perhaps as a result, research on the effects of ocean warming at higher latitudes has appeared to be somewhat more diffuse.
Extreme environmental variability and change has characterized northern high-latitude seas for the past two to three decades. Vera Alexander, dean of the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (US), points out that ice cover, water temperature, salinity, and nutrient content have all changed in that time span, though not necessarily in concert.
In a presentation to the Marine Conservation Biology Symposium, Alexander suggested that for the lowest trophic levels over the southeast Bering Sea shelf, changes in the marine food chain were directly linked to major oceanic changes in the region. One of the main trophic changes has been a switch from fast-growing early spring blooms of diatoms to persistent but slower growing primary producers. Alexander said these changes are "probably not reversible." Nonetheless, although Alexander said that climate change could be a factor in the trophic changes, she added that other factors -- both natural and human-caused -- were probably playing a role as well.
The impact of climate change on ocean circulation is of growing concern to northern Europeans. For the past decade, scientists have speculated that should there be an increase in precipitation and ice melting at northern latitudes, the salt-heavy water that normally sinks quickly in the North Atlantic would be diluted, and would therefore sink more slowly. As a result, ocean and air currents that currently carry a significant amount of heat to Northern Europe would be weakened and temperatures would fall.
What effect would this have on marine living resources in the area? Bogi Hansen of the Faroese Fisheries Laboratory says that although detailed predictions are difficult, significant changes could be expected, especially for the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. Hansen co-authored a study with British and Norwegian researchers in the journal Nature (June 21, 2001) on how deep water flow from the Nordic seas into the Atlantic Ocean has decreased since 1950, consistent with models of anthropogenic climate change. The study concluded that if the decreased flow were not compensated by increased flow from other sources, the marine ecosystem in the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea could change from warm to cold.
"These areas are exceptionally warm due to the inflow of warm Atlantic water, and the extent of the Atlantic water determines the living conditions to a large extent," said Hansen. "An example of [a species that would be affected] is herring in the Norwegian Sea, which depends on the Atlantic water distribution."
An assessment of how coastal parks will change
Parks Canada, the Canadian national parks agency, has conducted an assessment of how climate change could affect its holdings, including its coastal protected areas. The report Climate Change and Canada's National Park System (see box at end of article), published in May 2000, called the implications "considerable" for ecosystem change and conservation.
The report subdivided the agency's 38 national parks into six broad geographic regions where the range of anticipated climate change impacts would be relatively similar. Among its conclusions:
The report provides several suggestions to Parks Canada site managers on how they might plan for climate change, including identifying sites and species at risk to climate change; examination of how climate change might affect the invasibility of park habitats; and how current management practices may influence evolutionary trajectories. It also suggests that Parks Canada take a leadership role in initiating a national roundtable on protected areas and climate change, to identify key research needs and examine the range of adaptation pathways, including park selection and design criteria.
In a changing world, why bother with MPAs?
As suggested by the Parks Canada report, if climate change is going to cause populations and habitats to shift or disperse, it stands to reason that some might migrate out of the protected areas originally established to protect them. This begs a question for marine resource managers: are MPAs a rational long-term tool to use if climate change is going to alter marine and coastal communities anyway?
Cristina Soto, a Ph.D. candidate in resource and environmental management at Simon Fraser University (British Columbia, Canada), has concluded that MPAs -- and particularly no-take areas -- will continue to play a critical role as scientific controls, perhaps now more than ever. "MPAs are key in attempting to distinguish effects such as fishing from environmental variability such as regime shifts and global warming," she said in a presentation to the Marine Conservation Biology Symposium. "We need to strengthen this message as a rationale for marine reserves."
Soto suggests that some research MPAs be established in areas that have undergone faunal shifts in the past, expressly to study those shifts. Other MPAs should be managed in an adaptive manner, she says, allowing for shifts in boundaries if necessary to follow populations and critical habitats.
Some researchers have speculated on whether MPAs could be established in areas not expected to experience significant effects from climate change. CORDIO-East Africa's Obura says, however, that it is hard to know which sites will end up being important in a climate-changed world.
"Coral reefs and other marine ecosystems are very highly connected with distant places: by the water in currents, by food and chemicals carried in the water, by genetic flow through larvae and adults, etc.," he said. Thus, while a particular coral reef that exhibits high susceptibility to bleaching may not be important in the immediate scale of a bleaching event, it could be critical as a stepping stone and available habitat for recovery of a larger regional reef system.
"If these sites are not included in protected area networks, they may degrade through many other influences and become unavailable as sites for recovery," said Obura. "The key thing is that we don't yet know very much, so the precautionary principle should be applied so that we don't lose sites that may be important for unknown reasons."
For more information:
Joe Friday, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, HA 476, Washington, DC 20418, USA. Tel: +1 202 334 3512; E-mail: email@example.com.
Janice Lough, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC Queensland 4810, Australia. Tel: +61 7 4753 4248; E-mail: email@example.com.
Indu Hewawasam, Environment and Social Development Group -- Africa Region, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA. Tel: +1 202 473 5559; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Web: www.cordio.org.
David Obura, CORDIO-East Africa, P.O.BOX 10135, Mombasa, Kenya. Tel/fax: +254 11 486473; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Vera Alexander, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220, USA. Tel: +1 907 474 6824; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Bogi Hansen, Faroese Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 3051, 110 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. Tel: +298 31 50 92; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Cristina Soto, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon
Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A
1S6, Canada. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
|Box: NRC climate report is online
The US National Research Council report Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions is available online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10139.html?srchtop.
|Box: Two reports on coral bleaching
Two recent reports on management responses to coral bleaching are available online:
Schuttenberg, H.Z. (ed.). 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response. University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center. 102 pp. http://www.crc.uri.edu/comm/htmlpubs/coral.html
Westmacott, S, K. Teleki, S. Wells, and J. West. 2000. Management of Bleached and Severely Damaged Coral Reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 37 pp. http://iucn.org/places/usa/webdocs/documents/English.pdf
|Box: Socioeconomic impact of coral bleaching
In addition to its impact on biological systems, coral bleaching can have socioeconomic effects, including potentially significant tourism-related losses. Several studies of reef-dependent tourism following the 1997-98 bleaching event found indirect losses equivalent to several million US dollars in each of multiple countries, including Tanzania, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines.
The abovementioned studies are included in the report Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response, published by the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center. It is available online (see box above)
|Box: Report on Canadian parks
The report Climate Change and Canada's National Park System is available online at http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/airg/pubs/parks.htm
The government of the Australian state of Victoria has put on hold its plan to establish a representative marine parks system for the state, due to arguments with the opposition over how to compensate fishers for reduced catches.
The ruling Labor government favors providing roughly AU $1 million in "transitional assistance" to fishers, but wants to prevent fishers from seeking additional compensation through the Supreme Court. The opposition Liberal party objects to compensation limits on this issue. Labor has withdrawn the bill from parliamentary consideration, pending negotiations with the opposition.
"Unlimited compensation through the courts would expose taxpayers to large compensation claims, which would not be in the government's interest," said a spokesperson for the Victorian environment minister. "The Victorian government has a policy commitment to the creation of marine national parks, and is presently considering options for the bill's reintroduction."
The government's plan, announced in May, would feature the designation of 12 new marine national parks [see Editor's note] and 10 smaller marine sanctuaries, all of which would prohibit commercial and recreational fishing. The largest of the new marine national parks would measure roughly 160 sq. km in area. In total, the new MPAs would set aside 5.2% of the state's waters as no-take areas, compared to 0.05% currently.
The plan, which came in response to the recommendations of an advisory council, represents the rare instance of a government moving to establish an entire representative system of no-take reserves at one time. The plan must gain the support of the opposition to pass the state parliament.
Easing the burden on fishers
Prior to the legislative impasse, the government anticipated implementing the new marine parks system on November 16, 2001, although no-take status for some of the parks would be delayed intentionally until mid-2003, allowing fishers time to adapt to the new system.
The government's plan is noteworthy for its inclusion of several such measures to provide assistance to fishers. Individual fishers in the finfish and rock lobster fisheries who could demonstrate an income loss directly related to reduced catch as a result of the new parks would be eligible for short-term compensation from the government. The compensation, capped at AU $1.2 million (US $612,000) in total, would be available during a transitional period as new fishing areas were investigated. For the abalone fishery, the government would provide scientific and technical support to identify and survey areas of currently under-utilized resource, working reef by reef in close consultation with individual fishers.
Furthermore, the government decided against proceeding with one recommended marine national park in particular to reduce the overall impact on commercial fishers. Recommended borders of other parks were reduced in size for the same reason.
The government aims simultaneously to boost enforcement to protect the new parks. Under the government plan, the state fisheries compliance budget would be raised by AU $3 million (US $1.53 million) per year -- a 75% increase -- to hire new park managers, fisheries officers, and investigators, and purchase a new fisheries patrol vessel.
The government's plan comes in response to a report released last year by the Environment Conservation Council (ECC) of Victoria, which recommended that more than 6% of the state's waters be set aside as no-take (MPA News 2:5). The ECC advises the Victorian government on the use of public lands, with the goal of balancing the competing needs of resource users and the environment. The ECC report drew upon almost 10 years of community and industry consultation, carried out by the ECC and its predecessor, the Land Conservation Council.
[Editor's note: In Australia, state and territorial governments may designate national parks on their own without federal approval. The term "national park" in Australia implies a protected area managed principally for ecosystem protection and recreation, rather than a protected area established specifically by the national-level government. The IUCN shares this terminology (MPA News 1:4).]
For more information:
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Head Office, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia. Tel: +61 03 9637 8000; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Web: www.nre.vic.gov.au.
Tim Allen, Marine and Coastal Community Network, 10 Parliament Place,
East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. Tel: +61 3 9650 4846; E-mail:
|Box: Victorian government's proposal is online
The Victorian government's plan for a representative system of marine parks is online at http://www.nre.vic.gov.au.
The following perspective piece by Mat Vanderklift and Trevor Ward offers one view of how MPA practitioners can organize their planning processes. It provides a bridge between two topics that MPA News has addressed in recent issues: the science of MPAs (MPA News 2:10) and MPA effectiveness (MPA News 2:11). This piece was adapted from an article that Vanderklift and Ward published last year in the journal Pacific Conservation Biology (Vol. 6: 152-61. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney. 2000).
Using Biological Survey Data When Selecting MPAs: A Framework
By Mat Vanderklift and Trevor Ward, University of Western Australia
Ecological information is an important basis for the selection of marine protected areas. However, when evaluating areas, planners are often faced with limited and uncertain ecological information on which to base their decisions. They usually do not have good information about the distribution patterns of species, habitats, and ecosystems over extensive areas. Even less is known about the processes that maintain biological diversity (such as those that maintain fish or invertebrate recruitment to an area) and the extent of ecological interconnectedness of different areas.
Arbitrary declaration of areas for MPAs on the basis of poor ecological knowledge leads to a high risk that objectives will not be met. If MPAs are to be more than just paper exercises to appease lobby groups with politically acceptable solutions, appropriate ecological data from a carefully designed process of sampling and analysis are required. MPAs identified and selected using only superficial ecological knowledge will provide a false sense of security, and may disguise continuing decay of marine biological diversity both within and around designated MPAs.
One solution to this knowledge deficiency is to conduct biological surveys. Obtaining data that may be synthesized into a comprehensive information base can be difficult and expensive. As a result, planners will often need to prioritize resources so that data collected meet specific information requirements. This can only be achieved using a framework that defines the respective roles of existing and required data in the MPA selection process.
We propose a seven-step operational framework to help managers decide how to prioritize information requirements, and how to manage the subsequent collection of biological data that meet those requirements. This framework is nested in an information-gathering phase that falls between the initial expression of interest and the final selection and declaration of an MPA. Below is a synopsis of the framework.
Step 1 -- Define the objectives for the MPA
Establishing well-defined and explicitly stated objectives is probably the most critical step when planning an MPA. When objectives are weakly defined or are specified in only generic terms (such as "protection of biodiversity"), the information requirements cannot be clearly established. As a result, survey designs become open-ended, and potentially very expensive to design and implement. Carefully defined objectives should ensure that MPA performance can be measured effectively.
Step 2 -- Classify spatial units to sample within
Next, define the spatial and/or ecological classes for which data are required. The classes may be set at any resolution (e.g., bioregions, habitats), with the appropriate resolution determined by the objectives of Step 1. Because ecological data on classifications are usually not comprehensive, surrogates may be needed. Surrogates, or indicators, for each classification should be simple and readily identified. Once surrogates are selected, classes may be mapped across the whole area.
Step 3 -- Select what attributes to measure
No project is likely to conduct a comprehensive survey and evaluation of all aspects of marine biodiversity, even in a small area. Therefore, usually only a small subset of the biota will be surveyed. Choice of the biological variables to measure can have a major effect on the location and boundaries of the intended MPA. Again, the use of surrogates becomes important. Such surrogates should be adopted in survey design with extreme care, and preferably only after field study validation of their effectiveness as a surrogate (Step 4).
Step 4 -- Assess surrogates
Assessment of the surrogates is best done in a purpose-designed set of studies. Such studies may include, for example, comparisons of how distributions and abundances of a surrogate reflect the distributions and abundances of the biodiversity targets included in the MPA objectives. Such a study may be used to evaluate distributions of dominant fishes as a surrogate for fish assemblages, and to select species that best discriminate among assemblage types.
Step 5 -- Design and conduct survey
The allocation of samples in space should follow systematic principles, and most likely will form some sort of regular grid, random point, or stratified random sampling design. This is because the most common purpose of a survey will be to establish the spatial distribution of the chosen surrogates across the region of interest, or within a class, with appropriate estimates of uncertainty.
Step 6 -- Model and interpolate data
Much of the data collected during the survey will be point data -- measurements of, say, species abundances or habitat occurrences taken from a small area. The analysis of point data may be used to assess and predict the distributions of individual attributes (e.g., species) in space. Such assessment and prediction may be done using a range of procedures, including inferential statistics, spatial statistics, or predictive modeling from correlated variables.
Step 7 -- Validate the MPA
The final step is to test whether an area identified as a candidate is a valid choice. The specific objective of these tests is to compare the actual values for biodiversity targets in the selected area(s) with the predicted values derived from the models and/or surrogates.
For more information:
Mat Vanderklift, Botany Department, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Trevor Ward, Institute for Regional Development, Geography Department, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia. E-mail: email@example.com.
MPA News
Editor-in-Chief: John B. Davis
Editorial Board:
Chair: David Fluharty, Ph.D.
School of Marine Affairs
University of Washington
Patrick Christie, Ph.D.
School of Marine Affairs
University of Washington
Michael Murray
Advisory Council Coordinator
Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
Direct correspondence to: MPA News, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Tel: +1 206 685 1582; Fax: +1 206 543 1417; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. MPA News is produced monthly as an independent study initiative at the School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington. The MPA News staff is solely responsible for content.
The MPA News project is funded in part by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. It is also funded by Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA76RG0119. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Packard Foundation, NOAA or any of NOAA's sub-agencies.
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The KVM project is maintaining a fork of QEMU called qemu-kvm. Currently (close to the 1.1 release) it still provides the best performance and certain additional features for using KVM with QEMU on x86. Any other architecture is already fully supported by QEMU itself. The goal is to merge all remaining feature differences into QEMU upstream, provide a migration path from qemu-kvm and suspend the development of this fork. The status of this work is:


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What to do in case of floating algae in the aquarium?
I have an aquarium with 120 liters. There are 3 leaf plants, bottom gravel etc. in it. I have set it up completely new recently, including a new external filter. My water turned totally green after approx. 3 weeks. I therefore improved the water parameters, especially nitrite.
this is of course good (nitrite is very toxic for fish), however nitrite has nothing to do with algae growth.
Unfortunately I still have this green water. Can you give me advice how I can get these floating algae out of the water quickly and smoothly?
As an immediate measure, you can bind the floating algae with sera aquariaclear, they are then collected by the filter and can be rinsed out of the filter media.
The long-term approach is to lower the nutrient level (especially nitrate). This may sound paradox in case of hardly detectable nitrate levels, but the situation is as follows: In case of abundant algae growth and rather bright light, the algae literally draw nitrate out of the water faster than it it is supplied. It therefore serves as a nutrient for them, but at the same time is not present in the water anymore, and thus cannot be monitored. In case of floating algae trouble there certainly is increased nitrate pollution, since floating algae are typical nitrate indicators.
You can achieve nutrient reduction by
* reducing the number of fish and the food amount
* abundantly adding fast growing plants (these are mainly bright green or reddish stem plants such as Ludwigia, Cabomba, hornwort etc., plus Hygrophila and quite a few other plants - there is a large selection!)
* generous partial water changes with water low in nitrate
* possibly using a denitrifying slow flux filter
* especially in case of brush algae: Using sera phosvec Granulat in the filter
* not using care products that contain nitrate
* creating optimal growth conditions for plants (good lighting, possibly CO2 fertilization, suitable bottom ground, etc.)
Best regards
sera GmbH
Dr. Bodo Schnell


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Main Content
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The nation s top wrestlers set to battle at U S Nationals in Las Vegas Nev April 14 15America's best wrestlers in the three Olympic styles will compete for national titles and all-American honors at the Las Vegas U.S. National Wrestling Championships in Las Vegas, Nev., April 14-15.
This event is the major qualifying event for the World Team Trials in all three styles. The top seven athletes in each division will enter the World Team Trials tournament in their division. The Men's World Team Trials will be in Sioux City, Iowa, May 27-28. The Women's World Team Trials are set for Colorado Springs, Colo., June 30.
This will be a busy week of wrestling at the Las Vegas Convention Center. The nation's best 17-20 year-old men wrestlers will compete in freestyle and Greco-Roman at the Men's FILA Junior National Championships. In addition, returning to Las Vegas this year will be the Veterans Greco-Roman and Freestyle National Championships, for athletes who are 35-years old and above. As has been the tradition, the Western Junior Regional Championships will also be contested in Las Vegas, featuring many of the nation's best high school athletes competing in men's freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
All wrestlers who wish to compete in the U.S. National Championships, the Veterans Nationals, the FILA Junior Nationals and the Western Junior Regionals set for Las Vegas, Nev. MUST REGISTER ONLINE. No onsite registration will be available. The Las Vegas Sports Committee, host of these events, has set up a registration page for participants in every division to register at http://www.LVsports.org All athletes in all divisions must register online before Tuesday, April 11 at 9:00 a.m. (Pacific Standard Time). There are NO EXCEPTIONS.
Among the returning champions from last year expected to wrestle are four wrestlers who went on to win medals for the United States at the 2005 World Championships of wrestling. They include
* Joe Williams (Ames, Iowa/Sunkist Kids) at 163 pounds in men's freestyle (World bronze)
* Tolly Thompson (Cedar Falls, Iowa/Sunkist Kids) at 264.5 pounds in men's freestyle (World bronze)
* Justin Ruiz (Colorado Springs, Colo./New York AC) at 211.5 pounds in men's Greco-Roman (World bronze)
* Sally Roberts (Colorado Springs, Colo. (Gator WC) at 130 pounds in women's freestyle (World bronze)
There are also a number of wrestlers who have won multiple U.S. Nationals titles in the past. The athletes in the field who have the most national crowns coming into the tournament this year, by style, include:
* Stephanie Murata, Colorado Springs, Colo (Sunkist Kids) at 105.5 lbs. in women's freestyle (eight U.S. Nationals titles)
* Joe Williams, Ames, Iowa (Sunkist Kids) at 163 pounds in men's freestyle (six U.S. Nationals titles)
* Dremiel Byers, Colorado Springs, Colo. (U.S. Army) at 264.5 pounds in men's Greco-Roman (five U.S. Nationals titles)
The field may include four past World champions: 2000 and 2003 World champion Kristie Marano (Colorado Springs, Colo./New York AC) in women's freestyle, 2002 World champion Dremiel Byers (Colorado Springs, Colo./U.S. Army) in men's Greco-Roman and 1998 World champion Sammie Henson (Flintstone, Ga./Sunkist Kids) in men's freestyle.
2005 World champion Iris Smith (Colorado Springs, Colo./U.S. Army), who competes at 158.5 pounds in women's freestyle, has been injured and is not expected to wrestle in Las Vegas this year.
2005 Men's Freestyle U.S. Nationals champions
121 - Sammie Henson, Flintstone, Ga. (Sunkist Kids)
132 - Michael Lighter, Colorado Springs, Colo. (Sunkist Kids)
145.5 - Chris Bono, Ringgold, Ga. (Sunkist Kids)
163 - Joe Williams, Ames, Iowa (Sunkist Kids)
185 - Mo Lawal, Colorado Springs, Colo. (Gator WC)
211.5 - Daniel Cormier, Stillwater, Okla. (Gator WC)
264.5 - Tolly Thompson, Cedar Falls, Iowa (Sunkist Kids)
2005 Men's Greco-Roman U.S. Nationals champions
121 -Sam Hazewinkel, Pensacola, Fla. (Gator WC)
132 - Joe Warren, Colo. Spgs., Colo (New York AC)
145.5 - Harry Lester, Akron, Ohio (Gator WC)
163 - Darryl Christian, Colo. Spgs., Colo (New York AC)
185 - Brad Vering, Colo. Spgs., Colo (New York AC)
211.5 - Justin Ruiz, Colo. Spgs., Colo (New York AC)
264.5 - Dremiel Byers, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (U.S. Army)
2005 Women's Freestyle U.S. Nationals champions
105.5 - Sara Fulp-Allen, El Granada, Calif (Menlo)
112.25 - Stephanie Murata, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (Sunkist Kids)
121 - Tina George, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (U.S. Army)
130 - Sally Roberts, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (Gator WC)
138.75 - Alaina Berube, Escanaba, Mich. (New York AC)
147.5 - Kristie Marano, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (New York AC)
158.5 - Iris Smith, Colo. Spgs, Colo. (U.S. Army)
Those who attend the U.S. Nationals will find that the format has changed from last year, as well as from previous national tournaments.
What is new this year in the men's divisions in Las Vegas will be a Qualification Tournament held the day prior to the U.S. National Championships. Basically, most of the athletes in each weight class will have to "wrestle in" to compete in the U.S. Nationals.
In the men's divisions at the U.S. Nationals, there will be eight wrestlers in each weight class who do not have to wrestle in that Qualification Tournament. These will include the current members of the U.S. national team (the top three as set at the 2005 World Team Trials), along with those who qualify through the Dave Schultz Memorial, and athletes who are chosen by a Separation Committee to advance directly to the U.S. Nationals.
The final selection of the eight athletes who are separated out and move into Saturday's competition will be made on Tuesday, April 11. See TheMat.com for details.
The Qualification Tournament in men's freestyle and men's Greco-Roman will be held on Friday, April 14. Wrestlers will compete in each weight class until eight wrestlers are left (four in the championship bracket and four in the consolation bracket).
Those eight wrestlers in each weight class will then advance to compete on the following day, joining the eight athletes who were separated out. The U.S. Nationals will feature 16 athletes in each weight class, in a double-elimination bracket, with consolation wrestlebacks to seventh place.
The women's competition at the U.S. Nationals will be held on only one day, Saturday, April 15. All seven weight classes in the women's division will be contested in a single day.
For fans, what this means is that all 21 weight classes at the U.S. Nationals will have their gold-medal finals on Saturday, April 15. Wrestling fans who attend the action on that day will get to see every single champion crowned, seven in each of the Olympic styles.


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