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Pocahontas Memorial Hospital recently received an Excellence in Patient Care award from outcomes firm Studer Group.
The award was presented at the 10th annual What's Right in Health Care conference for their exemplary "medication communication" ratings on the HCAHPS patient survey.
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems is a national standardized survey tool used to measure adult inpatient perception of the quality of care they receive at a given acute care hospital.
Article Photos
Submitted photo
Pocahontas Memorial Hospital staff members stand with their Excellence in Patient Care award.
Studer Group gives its Excellence in Patient Care awards to select partners based on very high scores in each of the HCAHPS categories. Pocahontas Memorial Hospital received this award in the "0-100 beds" category for the amount its scores increased from baseline performance to current performance on the HCAHPS questions about how well staff members communicated the purpose and side effects of prescribed medications.
Barbara Lay, chief executive officer of Pocahontas Memorial Hospital, and Kerri Ridgeway, chief nursing officer, attended the conference Oct. 10-12 in Nashville, Tenn., to accept the award. The event is an acclaimed national conference during which the top healthcare organizations in the industry gather to share "best practices" with an audience of their peers.
Pocahontas Memorial Hospital is a critical access hospital located in Buckeye, with a federally designated Rural Health Clinic.


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Comparative Risk Education
RFHEE promotes science and risk education to help children and adults
learn how to evaluate both local and global health and environmental
RFHEE supports projects that address critical public health questions.
Interested in Learning
Sign up to join RFHEE's electronic mailing lists and receive regular
In the past several years, the need for continuing, sound scientific
research on health and environmental issues related to the production
and use of chemicals has grown, as both the public and private sectors
have developed sophisticated risk management principles.
In response to that need, the Chlorine Chemistry Division of the
American Chemistry Council in 1995 established the Research Foundation
for Health and Environmental Effects (RFHEE), with a goal of addressing
uncertainties and answering questions about chlorinated compounds
- questions raised by the general public and regulatory and public
health officials.
A non-profit organization, RFHEE supports joint research projects
sponsored by industry, public agencies, academia and other foundations.
Working with these groups, RFHEE furnishes crucial funding for pertinent,
peer-reviewed scientific research and provides an important information
resource for public policy makers.
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Feature Articles : Apr 1, 2008 (Vol. 28, No. 7)
Regulations Still Driving Stability Testing
Scope of Characterization and Validation Level Should Match the Phase of Development!--h2>
While stability testing for small molecule drugs is well established, its counterpart for biologicals is still evolving. Dozens of techniques have emerged for characterizing proteins, ranging from the standard and reliable (electrophoresis and chromatography), to the cutting edge (calorimetry), to the downright mysterious (atomic force microscopy).
Stability testing is broadly structured around ICH guidances Q1A through Q10, which cover pharmaceutical quality. ICH Q1A is devoted to small molecule drugs while Q5C deals with biologicals.
"Stability testing for biomolecules is still quite a new field in many ways," notes Emma Waite, Ph.D., laboratory manager for biopharmaceutical services at Tepnel, which provides a range of molecular analytical services. Perhaps due to the novelty and greater inherent uncertainty in the production of biotherapeutics, regulators increasingly expect developers to choose multifaceted, orthogonal analysis techniques that clearly demonstrate stability and activity.
Part of a Package
Companies providing stability testing services generally offer a range of related services. NewLab Bioquality's pharmaceutical-development assistance includes cell line characterization, molecular biology, protein chemistry, and viral process validation in addition to stability testing of intermediates, actives, and formulated products.
A common protocol for biopharmaceuticals is the freeze-thaw study that looks for degradation or denaturation around a solution's freezing temperature. Proteins studied for freeze-thaw degradation undergo reverse-phase HPLC, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing.
Most of PPD's biotech customers approach the company with early-stage molecules. Another common entry point for stability testing is during formulation development to determine whether the proposed coingredients enhance or diminish stability. As products move forward, investigators add more characterization testing while increasing the level of analytical method validation. Stability studies build on each other, eventually yielding a GMP-worthy stability profile and expiration dates under various conditions.
Critical to the process is understanding stability-indicating analytical methods, which are identified through forced-degradation studies. As the name implies, forced degradation involves conditions—heat, acid/base, light, oxidation, humidity, freeze-thaw cycling, and deamidation in TRIS buffer to name a few—that are certain to generate degradation products.
For deamidation, PPD uses HPLC with a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass detector. QTOF is capable of picking up small differences in large molecules. Because of the method's high cost, PPD will sometimes employ HPLC-UV after the peaks have been identified by MS.
Aggregation, which occurs readily once proteins begin degrading, is associated with immunogenicity. PPD therefore characterizes aggregates with size-exclusion HPLC, light scattering, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The company has a differential scanning microcalorimeter but has not worked it into its protocols yet.
Developing a robust, forced-degradation package becomes complicated as the conditions and variables begin to add up. "You may have eight or nine assays plus the variable of time, which expands and complicates the analysis matrix," Dr. Lively reports. "These studies require tremendous planning to organize many analysts to perform a battery of tests simultaneously when the specific degradation time point is reached for each condition."
To prepare for these studies, PPD performs an initial range-finding study to select the correct conditions for arriving at the desired degradation level. This study consists of varying the time and level of the condition such as different temperatures and/or acidity conditions as functions of time.
Activity's the Thing
Identifying molecule-specific instabilities (oxidation, deamidation, or aggregation) is crucial for developing a formulation to prevent those instabilities. "By the preformulation stage, it may already be too late to set up a stability study," observes John Augustine, Ph.D., principal scientist at Wolfe Laboratories. "Lacking that information, developers will have no idea of what to look for during later development in the clinic or even in manufacturing." Wolfe offers a gamut of stability testing for small molecule and protein-based therapeutics.
Wolf uses LC/MS, gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, light scattering, peptide mapping, and activity assays to test for protein stability. The latter are becoming increasingly important as analytical tests may show nothing out of the ordinary. "But if a molecule does not pass the activity assay, you know something is wrong," comments Dr. Augustine.
MicroCal offers four instruments: VP-ITC, VP-DSC, VP-Capillary DSC (ten times the throughput of the VP-DSC), and the AutoITC, which runs 100 samples per week unattended.
How Much Testing?
The ability to characterize biomolecules has exploded in the last 10–15 years, which creates a tempting situation where developers of biotherapeutics can overtest. "This conservative thinking can sometimes cause people to hold a molecule back," observes Dr. Lively of PPD. Developers need to be aware of their stage of development, he says, and test appropriately and in line with what regulators expect. "Investigators need to match the scope of characterization and the level of validation to the phase of development that they are in and they need to discuss this scope with the agency."
© 2016 Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, All Rights Reserved


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The pilot and passengers from a Smokey Bear balloon climb down a nearly 700-foot-tall radio tower Sunday after the balloon was caught during the last day of the International Balloon Fiesta in Albuquerque, N.M. At right, Troy Wells, 14, of Rio Rancho, N.M., left, and Aaron Whitacre, 10, of Tucson, Ariz., front right, are driven away after their rescue. Neither pilot Bill Chapel of Albuquerque nor the boys were injured in the entanglement.
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Exile Filmmakers Must Remember Situation in Tibet, Says Gyalwang Karmapa
16th October – Norbulingka, Dharamsala.
His Holiness The 17th Gyalwang Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje reminded exile film enthusiasts of the situation in Tibet and the Tibetans who have risked everything in communicating Tibet's desperate situation to the outside world through visuals.
Gyalwang Karmapa was speaking at a benefit event held yesterday for the upcoming fourth 'Tibet Film Festival' at the Norbulingka Institute in Dharamshala.
Organised by the Swiss-based Filming for Tibet, the Festival is dedicated to imprisoned Tibetan filmmaker Dhondup Wangchen, who was detained shortly after completing filming on his documentary film 'Leaving Fear Behind'.
The Festival, which will be held simultaneously in Dharamshala from October 27 to 28 and in Zurich from October 26 to 27 with a similar programme, also aims to support and give platform to young Tibetan filmmakers.
"Films are a good medium to spread awareness on the issue of Tibet Read the rest of this article


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24.com publishes all comments posted on articles provided that they adhere to our Comments Policy. Should you wish to report a comment for editorial review, please do so by clicking the 'Report Comment' button to the right of each comment.
Justin Bieber and Beyoncé are set to go head-to-head at the MTV European Music Awards 2016, and each pop superstar has five nominations each. Read More »
Every year the Joubert-Tradauw Vineyards welcome visitors from all over to experience a fun-filled lifestyle festival in the Klein Karoo from 7 to 9 October. Get all the deets here. Read More »
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South AfricaCity Press
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HousesR 2 500 000
HousesR 3 400 000
Apartments / FlatsR 8 900 000


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Kataria Wires Pvt. Ltd. has facility of sophisticated plant and machinery for manufacture of wide range of the prestressed concrete wires and strands.
Kataria Wires manufactures the Wire and Strand of high strength which results in savings of cement and steel also. The Wire and Strand is used in the Electricity Poles, Railway Sleepers, Hume Pipes, Bridge Constructions, Silos, Buildings, Dams, Atomic Reactors, Airport, Hanger Runways, Slid Slab, Girders and many other users.
Kataria Wires has the ideal combination of the Latest Equipment, High Quality Raw Material and High Tech Expertise to deliver PC Wire and Strands of World Class Quality. Apart from the guarantee of proper mechanical and physical properties confirming to the relevant standard KWL offers suitable delivery schedule back up by expert technical services.


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The "Econrg" Company develops the most reliable and cost-effective solutions for the "green" energy engineering and supplies them to the world market. Our company was founded in 2010 and currently, it's the largest supplier of ready "green" solutions in Europe. More than 1,000 companies in 17 countries all around the world are our customers. Our main goal is to provide our customers with clean energy resources from private houses to global corporations. The sale, installation and maintenance of ready "green" solutions are a main activity of the company. Since 2015, the company has begun to actively develop photovoltaic energetic markets in Asia and Eastern Europe. To identify the most optimal directions in the development of the business, the management of the company was decided to initially analyze the Asian and Eastern Europe markets, which has allowed us to achieve the most successful interaction with consumers. We offer our investors to make a contribution to the development of "green" energy engineering and make money with us, by making a profit from our contracts and services provided to our customers.
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Today, probably, for anybody not a secret that the basis of continuous development in our world is technology. Constant movement forward, the development of innovative IT solutions to drive the progress forward. Naturally, all this brings huge profits and true professionals of big business long ago, betting on science and technology. Company and Mellon Finance is one of the pioneers in this direction!
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The world's first investment robots in the Telegram, with its own currency and popular games for real money! Play You love the excitement and know how to win? Great! All three of the bot will brighten your days all sorts of games for real money! Clever bot Harry holds the game "Lotto", the bot Alice accepts bets on sports, Adam is playing roulette on luck.
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International Reserve System is a community of people United by one goal – building an alternative financial system using Bitcoin as a payment unit. According to the creators of the new system is no place for financial control, credit institutions and to ongoing monitoring by the state. Society itself is able to control his actions, and private property under the Constitution of any democratic state is inviolable. Citizens wishing to join the International Reserve System, created by Israel-iliskisi developers must purchase the bitcoins that are used in the network means of payment.
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Hotel Travel – the modern service, that was created in order to give the opportunity to each and every customer of our web site to start your own business from scratch. The site offers unique access to purchase bonds of the world's most famous hotels. Now you don't have to be a professional to understand in the trading of securities on the stock market. Company Hotel Travel did everything they could to maximize the client's time, making purchasing simple and fast. On the website you can choose and purchase their bonds in a few minutes, and it is possible to form a portfolio of securities of various well-known hotels and get them on a daily basis the dividends on a perpetual basis.
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Mellon Finance
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ESPN 1080 Insiders Show 5-13-12
Today on Insiders, Eric Lopez and Andrew Melnick came to you live from the ESPN 1080 Studios in Orlando, Fla., from 10 a.m. ? 11 a.m.? On the show, the guys wrap up the Magic season, touch on other NBA playoff series,? Jimbo being in Orlando and? FSU ripping ACC.? Carson Ingle joined the guys on his way to Miami to discuss the Heat-Pacers series and Lebron's 3rd MVP.
If you missed the show, you can listen to it here:
[audio:1080/tuckandoneill/insiders5-13.mp3|titles=Insiders Show 5-13]
*** Happy Mother's Day from the Insiders!


text: Hell yeah! My friend's in the Navy and we'll get together and share new exercises, compete against each other. (He beat me in the plank by three full minutes!) They give them a whole bunch of "fun" push-ups, like the "figure-8" where they hover about the ground and make an 8 in the dirt with their dog tags.


text: Nike Basketball continues to churn out brand new colorways for Kevin Durant's signature Leo Chang-designed Nike KD VI, releasing a brand new "Home" edition of the low-top. Designed for the NBA's leading scorer to wear on Oklahoma City's home court of Chesapeake Energy Arena, the kicks done a Pure Platinum/Night Factor-Vivid Blue-Volt colrway with a unique geometric pattern throughout the upper. Retailing for $130, the latest KD VI is due out February 22.


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Career Center
Career Center Available To All Westminster College Alumni
So, how do you get started?
1. Register by calling the Career Center at (801) 832-2590 and staff members will walk you through the process. Once you do this, the Employment Wizard will recognize you the next time you log-on and you can post your jobs whenever you like. If you need help or have any questions, please call Bev Christy at (801) 832-2592.
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We may not have Gandalf, spells, or incantations, but we do have a continuous supply of qualified job and internship candidates to help meet your demands. Just call the Career Center at (801) 832-2590.
Gene Barton '86


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A judge quadrupled the bail Wednesday for the Flyers fan who allegedly instigated the attack that left a New York Rangers fan unconscious and badly injured after the Winter Classic hockey game.
Dennis Veteri, 32, of Glassboro, had posted 10 percent of $100,000 bail after he was arrested last week for the Jan. 2 assault outside Geno's Steaks.
After Common Pleas Court Judge Paula A. Patrick increased bail to $400,000 - the District Attorney's Office had strenuously objected to the lower amount - Veteri and his family posted an additional $30,000, and he remained free.
In cellphone footage of the assault, Veteri and an unidentified man punch Neal Auricchio Jr. to the ground after the off-duty Woodbridge, N.J., police officer attempted to calm an argument, according to prosecutors. They say the squabble started when Veteri knocked the hat of Auricchio's friend to the ground and spit in it.


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SPRING - Laura "Sue" Sterling, 56, formerly of Pampa, died Thursday, Jan. 15, 2009, in Houston.
Services will be at 2 p.m. today in Carmichael-Whatley Funeral Directors Colonial Chapel in Pampa with Bryan Loughmiller, minister of Central Church of Christ in Pampa, officiating. Burial will be in Fairview Cemetery in Pampa.
Sue was born Aug. 17, 1952, in Pampa to Jerry and Geraldine Lovinggood, and she was a 1969 graduate of Minneola High School in Minneola, Kan. She worked in the oil and gas industry for 34 years and was employed by Northern Natural Gas, Enron and most recently, Texon LP. She was a member of CyFair Church of Christ in Cypress and enjoyed singing and playing her guitar.
She was preceded in death by her father, Jerry Lovinggood, in 1993.
Survivors include two sons, James Sterling and wife Michele of Tulsa, Okla., and John Sterling of Houston; a daughter, Jeri Koehler and husband Chris of Claremore, Okla.; her mother, Geraldine Lovinggood of Pampa; a brother, Richard Lovinggood and wife Billie of Midwest City, Okla.; five grandchildren, Jonathan, Jason and Jasmine Sterling, all of Tulsa, and April and Adam Koehler, both of Claremore; a nephew, Heath Lovinggood and wife Kristin of Midwest City; a niece, Jessica Lovinggood of Oklahoma City; and two great-nephews, Jake and Carson Lovinggood, both of Midwest City.
Sign the online guest book at www.carmichael-whatley.com.
Amarillo Globe-News, Jan. 19, 2009
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Delegates in their evening wear – Photo by Tony Rath (Pageant Judge)
Miss Belize – Queen of the Jewel 2012-2013, Destinee Dominique Arnold (Ms. Roaring Creek) – Photo by Charles Leslie
By: Lizette Alamina-Gutierrez
Saturday, July 7, 2012 was the big night when Belize's newest beauty ambassador was chosen as our Queen of the Jewel – Miss Belize 2012-2013. After weeks of planning, preparations and visits by and across the country, nine gorgeous young women were ready and eager for pageant night. They are: Maryam Abdul Qawiy (Ms. Port Loyola), Charlyn Flowers (Ms. Punta Gorda), Audralee Enriquez (Ms. Freetown), Christine Dominguez (Ms. Corozal), Negrill Crawford (Ms. Orange Walk), Arbunie Clare (Ms. Carmelita, OW), Jessel Lauriano (Ms. Albert), Jenna Bernard (Ms. Caye Caulker) and Destinee Arnold (Ms. Roaring Creek).
The competitions they were judged on were swimsuit, costume, evening wear and question & answer. Judges, who had the most difficult task of choosing this year's winner were: Rene Villanueva Sr. of RSV Ltd., Felice Williams of Placencia, Efren Perez of BTIA, Lizette Alamina-Gutierrez of Caye Caulker, Tony Rath – Professional Photographer and Patrick Faber – Minister of Education. The costumes were all colorful and cultural depicting places and anything Belizean such as the Jabiru Stork, the Crystal Maiden at the ATM cave, the Garifuna culture (drums of my fathers), Belize's Barrier Reef, the Blue Morpho butterfly, Belize's nature, the Lamanai Mayan Ruin, Jaguars of Belize's jungle and Belize's seas and wildlife.
All in all, all 9 delegates did a spectacular job on stage for every time they came on stage. Five finalists were chosen prior to the question and answer segment and they were: Jenna Bernard (Ms. Popularity), Negrill Crawford (Ms. Best Costume), Maryam Abdul-Qawiyy (Ms. Congeniality), Audralee Enriquez and Destinee Arnold. They were asked general questions pertaining or relating to the country and each delegate eloquently answered their respective question. After the results were tallied after the judges' decision, the final verdict was: Charlyn Flowers (4th runner up), Jenna Bernard (3rd runner up), Audralee Enriquez (2nd runner up), Maryam Abdul Qawiyy (1st runner up) and Destinee Arnold – Queen of the Jewel – Miss Belize 2012-2013. Ms. Photogenic was awarded to Arbunie Clare (Ms. Carmelita, Orange Walk). Dale McDougal of Wave Radio fame and Tanisha Vernon, Miss Belize 2007 both did a coordinated fantastic job of being the hosts for the evening. Opal Enriquez, Pageant Director thanked all those for being present at the pageant and also gave thanks to those sponsors, who made the event happen as well as thanks to her colleagues, Orson Elrington, Marketing Director and Reinaldo Malik, Coordinator for assisting her throughout the journey to choose our Next Miss Belize.
The Caye Caulker Chronicles and the entire Caye Caulker Community would like to congratulate Destinee Arnold as she commences her journey as our Queen of the Jewel!! All young women did a superb job on stage overall and as a fellow judge, the decision was not an easy one at all. Jenna, I give my most utmost thanks for having the bravery and courage to represent la Isla Cariñosa, Caye Caulker with pride!!
Editor's Note: Destinee Arnold was also a judge at this year's Miss Chiquitita pageant when Janellie Joseph was chosen back in June. Destinee was also crowned Miss Belize California recently in Los Angeles, California. The lovely delegates had visited Caye Caulker for a relaxing and fun weekend of June 16-17, 2012, where they were hosted by several businesses namely Island Magic Beach Resort, Sea Dreams Hotel, Tropical Paradise Hotel and Restaurant, Rose's Grill and Bar and the Caye Caulker Village Council. A big Thank You to those businesses, who made this visit possible.


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Bring an extra memory card (or two), plus extra batteries or a voltage adapter if necessary. It's terrible when your camera runs out of power in the middle of nowhere! The way I see it? Credit cards will eventually be paid off but travel photos will last forever, a good camera is a must!
2. Comfortable shoes: Pack something relaxed (I love my Birkenstock sandals) plus another pair of sneakers for hiking. If possible, bring an old pair since they could end up completely soaked with mud and take forever to dry, resulting in a very gross situation. Which of course, is exactly what happened to me.
3. Sunglasses: Bring them even on a cloudy day since the weather can change quickly. Plus, they can protect your eyes from extreme wind and rain. You don't want to squint the entire time or you'll miss all the action!
4. Scarves: There's a reason they are my favorite accessory! Aside from warmth or adding flair to an outfit, scarves can be wrapped around your body as a small bag, worn as a sarong or offer protection from the sun. Thin, cotton scarves wash easily and dry quickly in your hotel room.
6. Alarm clock: We woke up very early since of course, wild animals don't sleep in. Use a battery operated one in case of a power outage and most importantly don't forget, to set it for the proper time! (right Mom??)
7. Mosquito spray: ...with DEET. A few people forgot this, good thing we brought enough to share. Malaria or being covered in bites will probably ruin your travel experience.
10. A friendly smile: Hands down, a smile is the best way to make new friends while traveling. Remember to enjoy whatever adventures come your way or make the most of an unexpected windy, rainy day, like we did!


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Accessories Needed
Possible Substitutions
Parts List
Easy RC: Cars & Trucks
Browse HPI Racing
Product Feature Page
Manufacturer's Product Web Page
Email Me When Available
Chassis: 3/16" (4mm) thick plastic
Drive: Four wheel belt drive
Motor: Firebolt 15 turn brushed
Radio: 2.4GHz with waterproof steering servo and waterproof
receiver box
Electronic Speed Control: HPI SC-15WP LiPo compatible, waterproof
and reversible
Battery: 7.2V NiMH 2000mAh
Battery Charger: AC wall type
Ball Bearings: Full set included
Shocks: Oil-filled, plastic bodied with special drifting springs
Differentials: Planetary gear with metal outdrives
Transmission: Single speed
Tires: Falken Azenis hard plastic drift tires, width 1.02" (26mm),
2.5" (63mm) diameter
Wheels: Officially licensed 5-spoke Rays Volk wheels with 6mm offset,
outer diameter: 1.9" (48mm), width: 1.0" (26mm)
Pinion Gear: 28 tooth 48 pitch metal
Spur Gear: 48 pitch, 87 tooth, composite construction
Body: Painted and trimmed 2010 Camaro
Bumper: Front, foam
Suspension: Fully adjustable
Ackerman: Adjustable, Ackerman describes the effect of the inner
front wheel turning faster than the outer front wheel during turns
Caster: Adjustable, caster/toe-in refers to the angle of the front
suspension when viewed from the side of the car in relation to the
Camber: Adjustable front and rear, camber refers to the angle of the
tops of the tires from vertical when viewed from front or behind
Steering: Ball race bell-crank type with servo saver
Warranty: Two year limited warranty through HPI beginning at purchase
date. Valid only in the USA, Canada and South America
HPI On-Road Drift 2010 Camaro with motor, electronic speed
control, painted body, drift tires, wheels, 28 tooth pinion gear
AA batteries for radio, 2000mAH battery, wall charger,
87 tooth spur gear, 2.4GHz radio, steering servo, decal sheet, 15T
motor and instructions
Misc. Items: Building and track equipment
Length: 17" (431mm)
Width: 7.5" (190mm) - 8.0" (190mm) adjustable using offset
Height: 5" (127mm)
Wheelbase: 10" (255mm)
Front Track: 7.38" (187.5mm) side to side at outer edges of wheel
Battery Charger: To match selected battery
Paint: Polycarbonate safe spray or brush-on
Misc. Items: Building and track equipment
Front Tread: 6.5" (166mm)
Rear Tread: 7.2" (183mm) side-to-side at wheel centers
Ground Clearance: 0.5" (13mm)
Length: 17.1" (434mm)
Width: 7.75" (197mm) at rear wheels (widest point)
6.6" (169mm) behind from wheels (thinnest point)
Height: 4.4" (111mm)
For Replacement Ball Bearings use:
Qty. Size Location Qty. Bearing Set
4 5x10mm Fr Wheels 2 DTXC1535
4 5x10mm Rear Wheels 2 DTXC1535
2 10x15mm Fr Diff 1 DTXC1595
2 2x8mm Fr Diff 1 DTXC1523
2 10x15mm Rear Diff 1 DTXC1595
2 2x8mm Rear Diff 1 DTXC1523
2 4x8mm Servo Saver 1 DTXC1511
2 4x8mm Middle Lay Shaft 1 DTXC1511
jxs 06/27/11
updt jxs 02/05/14


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Main Page | Risk Factors | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Screening | Reducing Your Risk | Talking to Your Doctor | Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Resource Guide
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will attempt to rule out other conditions, such as infection, that may be causing your symptoms. If you are diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, testing can also be used to monitor the disease and assess complications.
Tests may include:
The colon and rectum can be examined with:
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Imaging tests evaluate the intestines and surrounding structures. These may include:
A biopsy may be taken during these tests. A biopsy is a sample of the intestinal tissue that can be examined under a microscope.
Crohn's disease in adults. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated August 17, 2015. Accessed October 1, 2015.
IBD. American Gastroenterological Association website. Available at: http://www.gastro.org/patient-care/conditions-diseases/ibd. Accessed October 1, 2015.
Ulcerative colitis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated August 21, 2015. Accessed October 1, 2015.
What are Crohn's & colitis? Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America website. Available at: http://www.ccfa.org/what-are-crohns-and-colitis. Accessed October 1, 2015.
7/6/2015 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Kim DH, Carucci LR, Baker ME, et al. American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria for Crohn disease. Available at: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/CrohnDisease.pdf. Updated 2014. Accessed October 1, 2015.
Last reviewed September 2015 by Daus Mahnke, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © 2012 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.
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LOUISVILLE - Metro United Way recognizes the challenges area not-for-profits face in meeting the growing community needs while simultaneously dealing with budget shortfalls.
FRANKFORT - State Rep. Jeff Greer, D-Brandenburg, made headlines last year when he sponsored a bill that would have raised Kentucky's minimum high school drop out age for the first time in nearly 80 years.
SHEPHERDSVILLE - Just when school officials approved a new calendar for the current academic year, snows returned on Thursday.
SHEPHERDSVILLE - Knowing that Shepherdsville is searching for funds to pay off existing bills and to tackle upcoming expenses, mayor Scott Ellis said he had to do something that was difficult.
SHEPHERDSVILLE - Facing debts of $3-$5 million, city officials wanted to show vendors their commitment to making a plan to pay their bills.
MOUNT WASHINGTON - Despite classes being canceled, Bullitt East High School will still host basketball games and homecoming festivities Friday night.
The Chargers will host county and district rivals North Bullitt. The Boys' varsity game is scheduled for 6 p.m., with the Girls' teams following at 7:30.
Homecoming announcements will take place in between games.
Students are celebrating a three-day weekend in Bullitt County thanks to a Thursday night decision to cancel classes.
BCPS spokesperson John Roberts said the decision was made because officials were concerned about buses maneuvering on secondary roads.
Main roads were clear by Friday, but snow may cover grassy areas throughout the weekend because of colder temperatures.
The National Weather Service in Louisville reported wind chills during the weekend falling into the single digits.
HEBRON ESTATES - Four free throws in the final 13 seconds by junior Damon Shepherd proved to be the different on Friday as the Bullitt Central Cougars pulled out a 54-50 victory over the North Bullitt Eagles.
SHEPHERDSVILLE - The five members of the Bullitt County Public School Board, as well as superintendent Keith Davis, were hard at work.
SHEPHERDSVILLE - A Southern gospel singing group with local ties will be on Music Row in Nashville this weekend attending a release party for their new album.
Copyright © 2016
The Pioneer News Online is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Bullitt County and Shepherdsville, KY, and the surrounding area.


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Previous | Session 129 | Next
D. Tytler, D. Kirkman, J. M. O'Meara, N. Suzuki, A. Orin, D. Lubin, P. Paschos, T. Jena, W-C Lin, M. Norman (UCSD), A. Meiksin (U of Edinburgh)
We have made the first accurate measurement of the mean amount of absorption from HI in the low density IGM at z=1.9 and the first calibrated measurement at any redshift. We use the spectra of 77 QSOs that we observed with the Kast spectrograph on the Lick Observatory 3m Shane telescope. We made artificial spectra that match the real spectra in most obvious ways: redshift, resolution, S/N, emission lines and absorption lines. We fit the unabsorbed continua to both the real and artificial spectra to calibrate our errors. We also measure the mean amount of absorption from metal lines (2.3 ±0.5%) and the Lyman-alpha lines of Lyman limit systems (1.0 ± 0.4%). The low density IGM accounts for 78% of the total absorption in the Lyman-alpha forest at z=1.9. We have measured the variation on the amount of absorption on large 150 Mpc scales, and we have found fully hydrodynamic simulations of the IGM that match these and other measurements of Lyman-alpha forest to within the measurement errors. We obtain new joint constraints on a set of cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including the most accurate measurement of the rate of ionization of HI atoms. This work was funded in part by NSF grant AST 0098731.
If you would like more information about this abstract, please follow the link to http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0405051. This link was provided by the author. When you follow it, you will leave the Web site for this meeting; to return, you should use the Back comand on your browser.
Previous | Session 129 | Next
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 36 5
© 2004. The American Astronomical Society.


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Submit News
Canon Unveils Powershot G1 X, Elph 520 HS, 110HS Cameras
Shane McGlaun
January 9, 2012 11:39 AM
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Canon G1 X
(Source: Canon)
Canon Elph 520 HS
(Source: Canon)
Canon Elph 110 HS
(Source: Canon)
New cameras will launch early in 2012
Canon today unveiled new feature-filled cameras in its Elph range and a new PowerShot flagship called the G1 X. The Elph cameras include the 520 HS and the 110 HS. The, on the other hand, G1 X features a 1.5-inch 14.3-megapixel CMOS sensor, which is the largest ever to be used in a PowerShot model.
"The new additions to our PowerShot lineup further demonstrate Canon's commitment to delivering users innovative imaging products," said Yuichi Ishizuka executive vice president and general manager, Imaging Technologies & Communications Group, Canon U.S.A., Inc. "These sleek and compact cameras bring together powerful features, intuitive controls and unrivaled portability while maintaining high image quality."
The new large sensor in the G1 X has nine times more light sensitivity than any other PowerShot model. The G1 X also has a DIGIC 5 image processor for high quality images in harsh light conditions and High-Speed HQ2 that allows for shooting high-resolution images at high speed. ISO range for the camera is up to 12800. Optical zoom on the camera is a meager 4x and the aperture range is f/2.8 to f/16. Canon designed the camera to support 14-bit RAW+JPEG shooting. It can also record 1080p HD video.
The G1 X also has a 3-inch variable angle LCD and will ship in February for $799.99.
The Elph 520 HS and 110 HS camera both sport advanced Smart Auto that allows the cameras to detect up to 58 scene modes to work with anything from portraits and action shots to landscapes. The cameras also include Face ID that can register up to 12 people within the camera. To register the individuals the camera user can take up to five shots of the subject at different angles. The camera can then give focus priority to the youngest person in the frame when the details on age are entered. The camera also allows the user to search by the face. Other features include Smile Recognition and sleeping Face Recognition.
The 520 HS has 10.1-megapixel resolution with a 12x optical zoom lens. The ISO range is up to 3200 and it has a wide-angle 28mm lens. The camera can shoot bursts at 6.8 fps. Canon will offer the camera in several colors with launch set for March at $299.99. The 110 HS is a 16-megapixel camera with 24mm lens, 5x optical zoom, and ISO up to 3200. It has a 3-inch rear LCD and can capture 1080p video. It will sell for $249.99 and will launch in February.
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RE: Bigger Sensor != Better Pictures
You trying to bring in other design factors to obscure the basic property that All Other Things Being Equal in a Properly Design System a Larger Sensor yields better Signal to Noise ratio.
The basic effect is that the more photons per pixel you can gather the more signal there is compared to the thermal noise and A/D read noise, thus better signal to noise ratio.
More photons can be achieved with having a larger lens area to collect more photons, and/or a larger sensor to capture more of the photons going through the lens.
You are confusing cropping with vignetting. A cropped frame results from a smaller sized sensor capturing a smaller sized piece of the image. However the light intensity at the surface of the sensor is not reduced. A crop sensor with a similar pixel count as a larger sensor will by necessity have smaller pixels. Smaller pixels equals less photon collection area per pixel resulting in lower signal to noise.
Ironically the Cropping you mention is actually a perfect example of how reduction in image sensor area reduces image quality.
Vignetting is the reduction in light intensity away from the center of the image due to mechanical or optical shading in the lens system. This is very dependent on the lens design and is also usually only an issue with wide angle lenses.
SNR is not largely dependent on the sensor quality and internal circuitry these days. Actually the performance of modern image sensors is reasonably close to theoretical limits with quantum efficiencies in the 50% range. It is very difficult now to achieve much improvement in sensor SNR. The one factor that can still be exploited is sensor size as I have mentioned and doubling sensor size very nearly doubles the SNR.
The only other major tool for SNR reduction is active cooling of the imaging element and A/D converter. This is a technique that is used for Astronomical imagers in telescopes where the sensor is cooled to around -50C. I was involved with the design of these in the past.
As to ISO.
ISO does not tell you anything about the potential image quality. The image quality on my DSLR is essentially the same from ISO 50 to ISO 400, you can't tell any difference. On a point and shoot ISO 50 may look pretty good but ISO 400 is quite degraded in quality.
Within a GIVEN camera increasing ISO above a certain point and the image quality will degrade more and more the higher ISO you use. But that point varies with different sensors, and is primarily dependent on the active pixel area as mentioned above.
It's possible to have a camera that can Shoot at ISO 1000 with NO degradation in image quality over shooting at ISO 50. Shooting at lower ISO with such a camera has NO image quality advantage.
I was simplifying my definition of F-stop. However my point remains. Essentially F-stop determines the relative level of light intensity at the image plane. If you go up a stop from F2 to F2.8 the light intensity will drop 50%. If you increase the sensor size by a factor of 4 though you will increase the number of photons gathered by a factor of 2 from the previous system. Your SNR will improve. These are the tradeoffs.
So even if you have a slower lens the overall system may actually be faster depending on sensor size. It's also easier to achieve higher optical quality from 'slower' lenses.
Our definitions of Big glass differ. To me it means a large entrance pupil area of the lens, regardless of focal length.
You are referring to 'slow' only with respect to lenses. I am referring to slow with respect to the whole system.
Yes I know what f-stop is and how it affects depth of field. Perhaps my statement was poorly worded, I'll try again.
The Minimum F-stop of the lens affects the range of depth of field that is available to the user.
You forgot to include the caveats about diffraction limits when going to higher f-stops...
I also have a selection of lenses for my DSLR but as I said 95% of the time I find the 24-105 does the job. Personally the non-replaceable lens on the G1X would not be a major issue with me, nor for a lot of other people. Your mileage may vary.
As to you assumptions that major differences are due to better internal circuitry I can assure you as an electrical engineer with experience in low noise amplifier designs and astronomical cameras that this is not the case. Your analogy to audio systems is erroneous. The sensors and conversion circuitry have been highly optimized and there are not large differences in performance among high quality modern sensors as they are already operating at the level where noise is counted in SINGLE electrons. It is in fact quite difficult to improve sensor performance over current designs and improvements are incremental at best.
RE: Bigger Sensor != Better Pictures
Yes, I think we can both agree that a greater sensor surface area means a greater potential to collect light. Nobody is disputing that here...but...the problem with what you're saying is that you're talking about sensor size like we're in a vacuum and that just isn't the case.
Let's examine the sensor sizes so I can make this a bit less arbitrary for you:
- G1X has a 1.5" sensor, specifically 18.7mm x 14mm (262mm^2).
- Micro 4/3 sensor size is 17.3x13mm (225mm^2)
- APS-C sensors have between 330 to 370mm^2 depending on the make.
So were not talking a huge difference here between the G1X and the better M43 standard. The G1X sensor has about 16% more surface area, and I'm going to speculate that its crop factor is also 2.0 - so you basically have a big, clunky M43 wannabe in the G1X.
A lens whose speed is f/2.8 is average. It's not fast, and even if the G1X had an APS-C sized sensor, the small lens would not be able to take advantage of it due to its 2.0 crop factor.
No, I am not confusing cropping and vignetting. If you put standard APS-C lens on a full-frame body such as the Sony A900, you will experience vignetting. It is for this reason that the A900 will automatically crop the sensor area so that the resulting exposure surface is equivalent to an APS-C sensor.
The pictures you take using the cropped sensor will have more noise than they would if you took them with a normal APS-C camera. Why? The larger pixels can collect more light but at the same time they limit the amount of pixels a given surface area can contain.
The sensor alone is NOT the only component involved in the digital picture taking process. After the exposure is made, the data must be converted from analog to digital - the faster and more accurately a camera can do this, the less chance there is for noise to appear in the resulting image. The camera will also have internal circuitry designed to reduce noise.
The noise you get from higher ISO values can be compensated for by the camera during the A/D process - and some cameras do this better than others.
A larger sensor means you do not need to jack up the ISO value as high to get the same amount of effective light sensitivity - meaning better pictures in low light conditions.
F-stops indicate the relationship of the pupil size to the focal length of the lens and that is all. Yes, DOF is affected by the selected f-number. If you have a 50mm f/1.8 lens and a 90mm f/1.8 lens, despite having equal f-stop values the 90mm lens is going to be the "faster" of the two by nearly 100%. For the 50mm lens to match the 90mm f/1.8 lens it would need to be f/1.0.
It's worth pointing out that the crop factor of the camera in question will affect the effective f-stop values. The ones I mentioned in this example are based on a the 35mm standard. Transposing them to M43 would require dividing the both focal length and f-value by the crop factor value of 2, meaning the 50mm f/1.8 lens becomes a 25mm f/0.90 (similar to the available 25mm f/0.95 Nokton) and 90mm f/1.8 becomes a 45mm f/0.9 (which does not exist for M43 at this time afaik).
Full size DSLRs have inherently longer focal lengths and more control over DOF, but you're not going to get very impressive background blur using the G1X and its f/2.8 lens.
Big sensors show their benefits more in low-light scenarios. If you are shooting in daylight or have control over the lighting (i.e. studio), then the benefits of the larger sensor diminish and you start to see their limitations. In bright lighting conditions large sensor cameras tend to be soft around the edges of the frame, whereas the mirrorless M43 cameras maintain a sharp image across the entire frame.
So if you're coming from a basic point and shoot and just want better quality, the G1X would work but it's still overpriced at $800. There isn't really any situation where you can justify going with the big and bulky G1X over any of the M43 options out there...and quite frankly, I would have liked to see Canon enter the M43 market.
"So, I think the same thing of the music industry. They can't say that they're losing money, you know what I'm saying. They just probably don't have the same surplus that they had." -- Wu-Tang Clan founder RZA
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Click the link for daily surf reports presented by Nichols Surf Shop, 411 Flagler Ave., New Smyrna Beach
NEW SMYRNA BEACH – Fashion comes in all styles and sizes. From the elegant and the sophisticated, to the practical, whimsical, and yes, even the silliest. But no matter what was worn, the models wowed the audience during the Girls Night Out fashion show that is a part of Christmas on Canal.
Please click attachment to read NSB police patrols report:
Dec. 22, 1919 - June 21, 2010
Memorial service for Jerry Koller Rea, age 90, of New Smyrna Beach, who passed away after a short illness on June 21, 2010 at Hospice of Volusia/Flagler, Edgewater, will be 2:00 p.m. Sunday, June 27 at Coronado Community United Methodist Church, New Smyrna Beach, with The Reverend Esther Robinson, officiating.


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- Rabbitohs v Storm
- Broncos v Titans
- Eels v Dragons
- Cowboys v Roosters
- Raiders v Panthers
- Bulldogs v Warriors
- Sea Eagles v Knights
Remondis Stadium, Cronulla, Saturday 5.30pm (AEST)
More Sport Videos
Is Mitchell Pearce's penalty appropriate?
Smith claims Ennis won't rattle him
NRL Grand Final: What to expect
Dally Ms 2016: WAGs shine bright
Premiership would be icing on cake
Ennis: Gallen like having dad around
NRL Grand Final: By the numbers
Steve Mascord's Set of Six: grand final week
Is Mitchell Pearce's penalty appropriate?
Phil Gould and Andrew Webster question if Roosters halfback Mitchell Pearce's penalty is sufficient and discuss how it will affect his Origin selection.
Last meeting: Round 17 2013 - Sharks 36 bt Tigers 22 at Remondis Stadium
Head-to-head: Tigers 15 Sharks 7 Drawn 1
Referees: Gavin Morris, Henry Perenara
TV: Live, FoxSports 1
Ladbrokes: Sharks $1.87, Tigers $1.95
Betfair: Sharks $1.98, Tigers $1.92
Michael Chammas writes: This is Cronulla's last chance. A loss on Saturday just before the Origin period could spell the end of their season. Robbie Farah returns for the Tigers but even without Andrew Fifita, the Sharks' desperation should prevail.
Tip: Sharks by 6
AAP writes: NSW hooker Robbie Farah and veteran pivot Braith Anasta both return for the Tigers in a big boost to the visitors. The Sharks have lost representative forward Andrew Fifita to an ankle injury suffered in last Monday's loss to the Eels. Former Tiger Bryce Gibbs comes into the Sharks line-up to take on his old club. Gibbs won't be on his lonesome against old friends with John Morris, Chris Heighington, Beau Ryan, Isaac De Gois, Blake Ayshford and David Fifita also having spent time at the Tigers.Key: Farah's return from an elbow injury is massive for the Tigers. Expect him to put in a big effort ahead of the NSW team for State of Origin I being named.
SHARKS: Michael Gordon, Sosaia Feki, Blake Ayshford, Ricky Leutele, Beau Ryan, Luke Lewis, Jeff Robson, Sam Tagatese, John Morris, Bryce Gibbs, Anthony Tupou, Wade Graham, Paul Gallen (capt). Interchange: Isaac De Gois, Chris Heighington, Tinirau Arona, Siosaia Vave, Michael Lichaa, David Fifita, Jonathan Wright (three to be omitted).
TIGERS: Kurtis Rowe, David Nofoaluma, Tim Simona, Chris Lawrence, Pat Richards, Braith Anasta, Luke Brooks, Aaron Woods, Robbie Farah (capt), Keith Galloway, Cory Paterson, Bodene Thompson, Adam Blair. Interchange: Martin Taupau, Ava Seumanufagai, Blake Austin, Sauaso Sue.


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Famed Green Bay Packers coach is attributed with saying, "Fatigue makes cowards of us all." In terms of the sport of Mixed Martial Arts, it's very appropriate. Bobby Lashley is a one trick pony who doesn't have enough horsepower to get to the finish line with his conditioning intact.
Bobby Lashley is one of those guys who entered the sport of MMA with a whole bunch of fanfare. Bobby was a former professional wrestler, who competed at the highest possible level in front of millions of fans. His foray into MMA was looked at with a lot of promise, but many felt it was more hype than substance or to steal a line from the wrestling world, more sizzle than steak.
He now boasts an impressive 6-1 record, but nobody is rushing to call him a top prospect or an above average heavyweight. You see, he's been winning, but winning dreadfully. He was matched up against a fighter in John Ott who now sports an 8-8 record and is a blown up Light Heavyweight. He was named on short notice and should have been dismantled handedly by Lashley. He wasn't. Ott took the fight the distance and in the final round, had Lashley in deep water when he was landing shots on a visibly exhausted and vulnerable Lashley.
Bobby Lashley didn't escape the fight without scathing commentary by Frank Trigg and "The Voice" Michael Schiavello either. The announces called him out on his conditioning, with Trigg going so far as to say, "Lashley didn't prove to us, or to any naysayer, to anybody watching at home, one way or the other that he's a legit heavyweight contender in any shape, fashion or form. He's got a lot more work to do." He wasn't done though, later in the third round, Frank Trigg stated, "Basically, what he is, is a high-caliber college wrestler who spent some time in WWE, crossed over into fighting without learning anything else." The fact is that seems to be a fair assessment.
Bobby doesn't have decent standup, good cardio, any real submission offense or any legitimate way of finishing a fight, outside of opening a cut with an elbow or smothering a fighter for three rounds and taking a decision as was the case Friday night. If he is ever to be taken seriously as a mixed martial artist, he needs to start training cardio, learn a few submissions and become a mixed martial artist, not a wrestler with gas issues.
He pounded on Ott for nearly three minutes while Ott carelessly left him arm wide open for a straight armbar. Bobby didn't just avoid taking the submission attempt; he failed to see it as a possibility. That is Jiu Jitsu 101 and Lashley looked clueless as to the possibility of ending the fight with the armbar.
One recommendation is for him to go back out to an established school and train there full time. I understand he has his own gym, but he doesn't have the tools or necessary skills to train himself and "bring guys in." He needs to be with a Greg Jackson, a Bob Cook or somewhere where he can get the needed teaching as he becomes a complete fighter.
Now that he's left Strikeforce and they've been gobbled up by Zuffa, Bobby is likely to continue to be the big main event name on the smaller cards. It'll be a nice way for him to earn a living, but if he ever wants to be accepted by the fickle and cynical fans of MMA, he needs to get better.
At this point in Bobby Lashley's career, the critics are right. He doesn't have a lot of tools at his disposal and his constant issues with cardio make him very vulnerable to late round TKO losses. He can only get by for so long fighting guys he's supposed to beat easily before his record dictates he steps up in competition and at his current talent level, it would be bad for him. He has stated in recent articles that his goals are to be the best heavyweight and to become a champion. I don't see it happening anytime soon, and frankly, it would have to be sooner rather than later for Lashley.
Times ticking away on Lashley, he's 34 years old in a sport unforgiving of guys near 40. He needs to make the needed decisions for his career now, or he'll never be seen as anything more than, "That WWE guy."


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Tag: ChevronChevron
Brad Pitt invited to Ecuador to observe the 'pollution disaster" allegedly caused by Chevron
US cinema star Brad Pitt has been invited by the Ecuadorian government to observe the pollution in the country's Amazon region allegedly caused by Chevron. President Rafael Correa announced the invitation in his regular weekend report, saying that the oil giant is in preparation of spearheading a film with the movie star about an alleged case against the company.
Malaysia's Petronas and YPF sign 550 million deal to develop shale deposits in Patagonia
YPF SA and Petroliam Nasional Bhd, state-controlled companies from Argentina and Malaysia, signed a 550 million dollars deal to drill fields at the world's fourth-largest shale oil deposit in Patagonia's Vaca Muerta, south Argentina.
Chevron begins oil and gas production at Tubular Bells, in the Gulf of Mexico
Chevron Corporation announced on Tuesday that the Hess Corporation-operated Tubular Bells deepwater project, located in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, has started crude oil and natural gas production. The field is located 217 km southeast of New Orleans, in approximately 1,310 m of water in the Mississippi Canyon area.
US Embassy praises Argentina: says 'investment climate has started to change'
The United States Chargé d'Affaires at the Embassy In Buenos Aires Kevin Sullivan, who is in charge of the embassy on an interim basis, praised Argentina's agreement with Paris Club, ICSID and YPF-Repsol deal, saying "the situation is changing, in a good way" and pointing out a change in investment climate.
Argentina with 'Vaca Muerta' won the 'geological lottery': 305 meters-thick shale oil and gas
Argentina has won the geological lottery with its 305 meters-thick Vaca Muerta shale oil and gas field in Patagonia, a spokesman for Chevron said on Thursday, as the U.S. energy giant increases its investments in the country. The company and state-owned oil firm YPF announced plans last month to invest an additional 1.6 billion to develop Vaca Muerta.
US government sides with Repsol in the YPF assets seizure with Argentina
United States sided with Spain's Repsol position in the dispute over the seizure of a majority stake in YPF by the administration of Argentine President Cristina Fernandez last year, a dispute which remains unresolved over compensation for the assets.
Former Ecuadorean judge admits taking bribes in pollution case against Chevron
A former Ecuadorean judge who presided over a pollution case against Chevron Corp. (CVX) testified that he and a colleague who issued a 19 billion judgment against the company in the environmental lawsuit were bribed.
Chevron/Ecuadorean villagers case in new chapter before a US Judge
Chevron Corp will try to convince a US judge that a group of Ecuadorean villagers and their US lawyer used bribery to win a 18 billion dollars judgment against Chevron from a court in Ecuador, in the latest chapter in a long-running fight over pollution in the Amazon jungle.
Brazil limits Chinese state-controlled companies to joint bidding for largest offshore oil prospect
Brazil is limiting Chinese state-controlled oil companies to joint bids to develop its largest offshore oil discovery, amid concerns the players could share data and reduce competition ahead of the 21 October auction, said Brazilian officials.
Chevron reaches negotiated settlement in Brazil oil spill case after two year legal battle
A Brazilian federal judge on Tuesday dismissed a lawsuit against US oil company Chevron Corp after approving a negotiated settlement, a decision that closes a nearly two-year legal battle over an oil spill in November 2011.


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The raising of Lazarus
Ripolin enamel
Methodist Collection of Modern Christian Art, No.25
Commentary by Francis Hoyland
John Reilly is clearly obsessed with pictorial language, an obsession that lays him open - in a positive as well as sometimes in a slightly negative way - to various influences.
Picasso is a kind of archetype of this painterly mentality, but here Reilly is completely off the Picasso wagon and his work becomes much more original.
Clearly the subject has dictated everything. The rising sun forms the centre of our field of vision and everything circulates about it. All the forms are bent up and round and over by the effects of wide angled vision - we find the same thing happening in Turner's last paintings.
This circling vortex about the sun enables Lazarus to float free of his grave clothes with which he was bound head and foot. In an almost automatic and inevitable way, Christ is swept into the same whirlpool.
The image is clarified by being placed in a contemporary setting and by the figures being given contemporary clothes.
There is a before and after sequence in this painting too. Mary and Martha - if the trousered figure is Martha - are shown both lamenting the death of Lazarus and rejoicing in his resuscitation.
The language of colour has developed enormously over the four years that separate this from the "Healing of the Lunatic Boy". It is unconstrained by linear limits and modulates from blue-black to white through grey-violets and russets towards the triumphant orange which vivifies the rising man and unites him with the sun.


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Software Industrial Revolution
"Planning the Software Industrial Revolution", by Brad J. Cox Ph.D, November 1990, IEEE Software magazine
"The possibility of a software industrial revolution, in which programmers stop coding everything from scratch and begin assembling applications from well-stocked catalogs of reusable software components, is an enduring dream that continues to elude our grasp..."
The answer to why that is becomes clear if one looks at which kinds of software can be accelerated by moving their kernel into a XILINX FPGA, versus those which cannot. The majority cannot. The parallel between reusable electronic components and reusable software components is largely a false one.
Another way to understand this is to look at modern hardware development. Is it really so much more advanced than software, as has been claimed for decades? By now we know the supporting evidence, but sadly neglected is the primary refutation: anything hardware can't handle is delegated to software.
By the Church-Turing hypothesis, anything computable can be computed by software. By contrast, non-programmed hardware is not
. So assumptions that what works for hardware should work for software are unfounded. There has never been a complete reusability solution found for anything
in any domain; all such are equivalent to finding the solution for software. -- dm
I understand your argument but I had to scratch my head a couple minutes to figure out why you were talking about hardware at all. Perhaps a bit more exposition is in order?
Probably. I'm going out into the
right now, though. The essay linked to above has the word "chip" at one point that could at least give a little idea if you look at Brad's text surrounding.
"[A]nything hardware can't handle is delegated to software."
True, but most of what is delegated to software could have been handled by hardware if cost wasn't a limiting factor. Using atoms instead of bits to build Excel or an MPEG codec isn't impossible, just too expensive. Much of the software we write could be handled by hardware if cost was not a factor. So the question is, as the reusable modularity of software approaches that of hardware, does the cost decrease due to greater efficiency or increase due to greater rigidity? In our quest to emulate the world of electronic circuit design, are we just recreating the environment that pushed so many solutions from hardware to software in the first place?
No. I meant what I said the first time.
Excel is a particularly strong example. Show me Excel implemented "purely" in hardware, and then allow me to change all of the hardwired ones and zeros that appear in the design, and I'll turn it into the game of life, a wiki, or boot Linux on it, just by reprogramming those bits.
You don't need to hardwire any ones or zeros to build a hardware Excel machine. You could do it all with pneumatic tubes, given enough cash. I don't think you're understanding what I'm saying. Consider the CD player. It replaced analog devices (phonographs and cassette tape players) with lasers and DSPs. Over the years more and more of CD player hardware has been replaced with software because of economies of scale. It's cheaper to buy general purpose embedded controllers (that are also used in other devices going through the same replacement process) than build custom electronics for each type of device. That's why DVD players can be cheaper than laserdisc players. You could make a DVD player without a computer in it, but it would cost more.
Hardwiring circuitry only makes sense for special cases. In the general case, algorithms need flexibility of datapaths, which leads to reinventing the CPU, in effect, even if you're trying to avoid it.
Beyond a certain level of complexity, or when things aren't sufficiently special-purpose, hardware
delegate to software of some sort, even though it may not be traditional software. E.g. the configuration of FPGAs is a software issue, although not one anything like Pentium machine code. It is a collection of bits that specify interconnect and contents of lookup tables and such, and that is "software".
Agreed, but my point is that cost, not ability, is the driving force for using software in most solutions today.
Re: "The possibility of a software industrial revolution, in which programmers stop coding everything from scratch and begin assembling applications from well-stocked catalogs of reusable software components, is an enduring dream that continues to elude our grasp..."
I believe there are two reasons for this "Lego Wall":
We already are using libraries and components, so what is left over is still the custom part.
- The interactions between would-be parts is just too great. Related:
-- top
I think you are correct, but that there are other reasons as well. For instance, to some extent programming is sometimes about transforming abstract thought into a computation. As long as there are new thoughts, there will be a need for new software. And regardless of how good the off-the-shelf building blocks, a sufficiently complex new structure will require expertise and significant time and effort to assemble.
Legos themselves, for instance, are a pretty good building block, and people
build things like replicas of the Eiffel tower with them, but doing so is nontrivial.
There is no reason whatsoever (except wishful thinking on the part of e.g. pointy haired bosses) to assume that someday, all it will take is a non-expert to plug together a very small number (e.g 2...let's say 10 if you're generous about non-experts) of building blocks in order to accomplish any arbitrary task that otherwise would require programming. And in fact, there are a vast number of reasons, including quite a few apropos mathematical theorems, to say that this is impossible in some regards (the other regards haven't been proven impossible
, but just because no one phrased the question formally yet.)
Although...you can already plug together fairly small numbers of building blocks to build some really complex software, for
values of software. Think of all the web browsers that pop up using the Gecko engine or KHTML. Or all the programs that now embed Perl, Lua, or Guile as their scripting engine. Or the MS .NET demos that show a working Outlook clone in 5 lines of code, because they embedded the Outlook component.
The problem is that interesting & profitable computer problems, almost by definition, require that you do something
that people haven't already done. The Gecko clones have almost universally failed outside of specialty products, because why bother using Joe Blow's Open-Source Web Browser when you can download
? Before embedding became commonplace, writing a scriptable system was something that only large corporations and
did - now a lot of small open-source programs include a scripting engine. But routine feans go unnoticed, because the bar's been raised.
I'd contend that the software industrial revolution has already happened. You just don't notice it, because the programs we're asked to build get complicated more quickly than our ability to build them. Notice how nobody writes operating systems or
interpreters from scratch, in assembly, anymore. Even compilers often don't compile down to native code anymore - most use C or JVM or CLR as an intermediate language, which then gets compiled by stable, age-old compilers. Every time I play with a PHP webapp, I'm using a bunch of components that I don't even think about - PHP,
, Apache, Linux, various modules & libraries for all 4 of those, TCP/IP, Ethernet/PPPoE/PPP, Windows,
, and lots of stuff I've never even heard of. That
a software industrial revolution - I never even touch the bits on the wire, nor manage memory in the computer, nor determine how data is stored on disk, nor figure out which process will get the CPU next. --
That's a good point. And I didn't say there were no examples of modularity; quite the contrary.
But let me be more explicit about the formalisms. Modular composition can obviously be modelled algebraically, any of which will necessarily have factorization (unique or not) or else it won't support composition, and most interesting such models will be infinite rather than finite groups, and will have an infinite number of prime/irreducible elements.
The irreducible elements by definition cannot be built by composition.
This isn't a proof about software - it's hard to have formal proofs about the real world - it's fleshing out what I meant by "are a vast number of reasons, including quite a few apropos mathematical theorems, to say that this is impossible in some regards (the other regards haven't been proven impossible
, but just because no-one phrased the question formally yet.)"
This can obviously be criticized; we do fairly well "composing" programs out of ideals such as instructions - but one must be careful to distinguish addition from multiplication. Composition of software modules must be "multiplication" else the dream is gone already; it is specifically
addition. Thus, primes/irreducibles, reachable by addition (the hard way, writing new modules), not the easy way (composing old modules).
Although again, not a proof, I hope that this example helps motivate the notion that, yes, we have far more reasons to
software will eventually be purely composable, even though, yeah, it's very worthwhile when we can.
I find DM's argument from analogy with integer primes to be very convincing. I have reservations about the argument that everything which is too difficult in hardware has been left to software, thus software is inherently more difficult than hardware and hardware can't be used as a basis for inspiration.
The conclusion logically follows from the assumption and the assumption is largely correct. But it's not
correct. It's true that everything that's been deemed too difficult in hardware has been relegated to software. But that's not due solely to essential difficulties in the problems unsolved by hardware. It's significantly due to the fact that hardware designers are retards.
There are plenty of boneheaded designs in hardware. There are plenty of backwards features. There are plenty of missing or useless features. What's lacking is any real understanding of what the hardware is going to be used for. What's lacking is any understanding of software itself. What's lacking is any comprehension of software evolution. What's lacking is vision.
Hardware designers are 20 years behind the times. But come to think of it, software programmers are also 20 years behind the times. And they too are retards. So why shouldn't one learn from the other? Sounds like the perfect marriage made in hell. -- RK
Yeah, well, we're all retards. As you know, though, it's pretty hard work coming up with truly good (as opposed to half-assed sort-of-good) solutions to things, and pragmatically, most people, even academics, work under deadline pressure that makes that nearly impossible.
I agree with you that the hardware/software argument was only approximately correct, not exactly correct, but it's not a bad approximation. (And the cost issue mentioned above is true but is really a different topic.) -- DM
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Pump prices headed higher this week, according to an Energy Information Administration report (link opens a PDF) released today.
Retail regular gasoline prices clocked in at a national average of $3.608 per gallon for Sept. 2, $0.056 above last week's price tag. The Midwest saw a steep $0.109 spike in prices, while the Rocky Mountain region edged up a slight $0.004 per gallon.
Compared with a year ago, national average per-gallon prices are still $0.235 cheaper.
For the same period, average retail diesel prices increased even more. Diesel prices for Sept. 2 averaged $3.981 per gallon, $0.068 above last week's prices. Here, too, Midwest prices made the biggest gains ($0.083), while Rocky Mountain residents paid just $0.01 more per gallon.
Despite this week's gains, diesel prices are still $0.146 cheaper than they were 12 months ago.
At these latest prices, New England pays the prettiest penny for gasoline ($3.756) while the West Coast takes the costly cake for diesel ($4.128). On the other end, the Gulf Coast can guzzle gas for just $3.406 and diesel for $3.897 per gallon.


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Primary tabs
KU in the news
The Kansas City Star — Mon, 09/26/2016
KCUR — Mon, 09/26/2016
#ItCanWait , Jayhawks. 4/10 ppl use social media while driving 😱 #JustDrive : take the pledge: https://t.co/MoPhmcaHrN https://t.co/BPnUhrGwh7
Why KU
One of 34 U.S. public institutions in the prestigious Association of American Universities
26 prestigious Rhodes Scholars — more than all other Kansas colleges combined
Nearly $290 million in financial aid annually
44 nationally ranked graduate programs.
—U.S. News & World Report
—U.S. News & World Report
Top 50 nationwide for size of library collection.
23rd nationwide for service to veterans —"Best for Vets," Military Times
KU Today


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PITTSBURGH - Thad Lewis wasn't around to speak on his account, but several of his teammates were ready to offer their opinions on Lewis' first NFL game appearance.
Lewis started at quarterback for the Cleveland Browns in the absence of Brandon Weeden and Colt McCoy, both of whom suffered shoulder injuries a week earlier. Lewis played better than expected in a 24-10 loss to the Steelers, completing 22-of-32 passes for 204 yards, one touchdown and one interception.
Receiver Greg Little caught three of those passes for 38 yards, including a 7-yard throw for a touchdown. Lewis escaped the pass rush and scrambled to his left on the touchdown. He made a difficult pass on the run to Little, who caught the ball along the end line.
"Thad has that sort of south Florida swagger about him," Little said. "He always is well composed in any type of situation. Often times - and I joke about this - playing at Duke you're the underdog quite a few times. He was well composed and mild mannered."
Lewis was forced out after being sacked by linebacker Lawrence Timmons on a third-down play late in the fourth quarter. Josh Johnson, who was signed last week, fumbled when sacked by Timmons on the next play.
"I think he wanted to stay in the game," Little said of Lewis, who suffered a back injury on the hit by Timmons that required treatment. "I think he was healthy enough to stay in the game. You could see the dissatisfaction and body language he had coming off the field."
Offensive tackle Joe Thomas liked what he saw of Lewis, who spent 15 games of the 2010 season on the St. Louis Rams' practice squad and 13 games on the Browns' practice squad last season.
"That's about as tough of an environment and situation that a young quarterback can come into," Thomas said. "We're talking about 30 degrees, wind blowing, little bit of snow, in Pittsburgh and never taking a NFL snap. He did a really good job considering all of those things and gave us a chance for most of the game."
INJURY REPORT: Receiver Josh Gordon left in the second quarter with an ankle injury and didn't return. Gordon fumbled on the play, setting up a Steelers' touchdown. Guard John Greco injured a knee in the fourth quarter and didn't return.
Steelers rookie guard David DeCastro left in the second quarter with what was called a stinger (shoulder injury). The Steelers took a chance playing DeCastro late in the year after he missed most of the season with a serious knee injury suffered in the preseason.
SHORT SLUMP: Kicker Phil Dawson had a rare miss on a 39-yard attempt in the second quarter that was wide right. Later in the quarter Dawson was good from 51 yards.
Dawson entered the game having made 28-of-29 kicks. He is 7-of-7 on kicks of 50 yards or longer.
Dawson admitted that he miscalculated on the miss.
"I should know better after all these years not to aim outside the uprights, but I thought that was the best course," Dawson said. "The ball just stayed out there."
CHIPPY PLAY: There were several instances of extracurricular activity after plays. It started when Steelers offensive lineman Doug Legursky cut linebacker Craig Robertson in the first half. Ahtyba Rubin and Billy Winn were later penalized for unnecessary roughness on the same play following an extra point. Browns defensive tackle Phil Taylor was involved in several shouting matches with Steelers linemen.
"I got under his (Robertson's) skin," Legursky said. "I was finishing a play. He didn't like the way I did it. It all stemmed from there. I'm not going to change the way I play, and I'm not going to expect him to change his game."
LONGEST PLAY: Ray Ventrone ran 35 yards with a fake punt on an 80-yard touchdown drive to open the second half. The run tied Trent Richardson for the longest run from scrimmage of the season.
"I played running back in high school, so I'm sure the local guys weren't surprised to see me run the football," said Ventrone, who is from the Pittsburgh area. "I had 60 people watching me here today as well."
GOOD HOMECOMING: Defensive end Jabaal Sheard, who played at the University of Pittsburgh, tied a career high for sacks in a game with two. He finished with a team-leading seven sacks, including six in the final eight games.
"I just fit where I'm supposed to fit and hustled every play," Sheard said. "It was a great job by the rest of the defense and when the plays came to me I tried to take advantage of them."
STREAK ENDS: Cornerback Sheldon Brown was inactive with concussion-like symptoms, ending a streak of 175 consecutive games played. The streak was the fifth longest among active NFL players.
THIRTYSOMETHING: Steelers safety Troy Polamalu recorded his 30th career interception to end a Browns' scoring threat in the first quarter. Polamalu became the ninth player in Steelers' history to reach the 30 mark.
INACTIVES: Out for the Browns were Weeden and McCoy; Brown; Richardson; linebacker Adrian Moten; offensive lineman Jarrod Shaw and tight end Jordan Cameron.
Sidelined for the Steelers were quarterback Byron Leftwich; receiver David Gilreath; cornerback Justin King; linebacker Marshall McFadden; defensive end Al Woods; defensive lineman Hebron Fangupo and nose tackle Alameda Ta'amu.


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Kevin Durand To Play Another Hard-Ass In 'Cosmopolis'
Surprise, surprise! Kevin Durand (you've seen him before if you don't recognize the name) is in final talks to play Robert Pattinson's Chief of Security in Cosmopolis. Still can't remember Durand? He was Keamy in Lost and the Blob in X-Men Origins: Wolverine. He was also in Robin Hood, but you probably didn't watch that. So once again, Durand will be playing a guy that can and probably will kick your ass. Pattinson, on the other hand, will play some rich dude who bets his entire fortune on the Yen on a particular grueling day. David Cronenberg is writing and directing the flick based on the Don DeLillo book.
Come to think of it, anyone still pissed at Durand/Keamy for what he did to Alex on Lost? Yeah, me too. That jerk!
Source: Variety