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[Video] Insane low pass flyby of a C-130 Hercules in Antarctica
When it deals with crazy low altitude flying in front of the camera, Argentine Air Force pilots are among the most frequently featured.
Their skills in this type of flying were particularly useful to conduct ultra low altitude attacks on British warships during the Falklands War (Malvinas) even if later flybys, in peacetime, were nothing more than quite dangerous improvised improvised airshows sometimes performed between shelters.
The latest video shows an Argentine C-130 performing a low passage on a group of photographers at Base Antártica Marambio, the main Argentine base in Antarctica.
The footage says it all.
Even if it is not as dangerous as previous ones, the flyby is still dangerous, especially because performed on people and not for operative reasons.
Hercules C-130 Pasaje Rasante from Cristian sotelo on Vimeo.
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- ask2wice
It may look cool, but it is NOT the mark of a professional aviator. There are no scenarios where a C-130 would ever need to fly that low.
The video reflects poorly on the pilot and the entire Argentinian AF. But hey, if you want to kill yourself, have at it. I just hope that pilot had permission from the rest of the crew and their families to take the risk of turning them all into crispy critters in less than a fraction of a second. Sierra'o Hotel'o amigo? Not in my book. The pilot is a damned fool! I'd have his/her wings.
- flyAr
I'm Guessing that you have +20000 flight hours logged, that you have a rating on a B732, 735, 737 at least, and that you have an airline pilot job. Right?
- BadgerMk1
Because high hour pilots never make mistakes right?
- FoilHatWearer
I find it interesting that whenever a person criticizes a low flyby, somebody like you shows up and starts asking for the person to justify their resume. Bad airmanship and poor aviation judgement are just that. I can tell you all about my 15 years of experience investigating aviation mishaps (when certain systems are suspected to be involved) but that really doesn't matter. This pilot here is flying unsafe and unprofessional, end of story. If you want, I can direct you to all kinds of published Accident Investigation Board reports that have resulted from impromptu airshows. You can start with usaf-aib-law-af-mil (change the dashes to periods), click on "Fiscal Year 2000 Mishaps", then go the report for 28 Aug 2000 (Near Tulia, TX). You can read all about the guy who turned himself and an F-16 into a smoking hole while flying an unauthorized airshow for his in-laws at their rural farm.
Lots and lots of people were ooh-ing and ahh-ing Bud Holland's flying (caught on video) literally seconds before he smashed a B-52 all over Fairchild AFB, narrowly missing a nuclear weapons storage area and a building where 400+ people were attending the retirement ceremony of a popular colonel on base. I don't give a crap what happened to Bud but I sure feel bad that he killed 3 other good officers in front of their families and scarred their kids lives forever.
Excellent response…I had to read about Lt Col Holland's "mishap" as part of Squadron Officer School. I'd been familiar with the crash before, but having to read the backstory on his unsafe flying was sobering.
- Juanma Baiutti
You are quite wrong. And I will tell you about it with facts:
Between May 1st and June 13rd. FAA Hercules landed 31 times in Puerto Argentino and 2 times they did a cargo drop in Darwin/Pradera del Ganso (Darwin/Goose Green)
How the made it as the British had sea and air control?
Flying that low.
A commando that was being transported to the islands went to de cockpit to talk to the pilots and when he saw the water so close he said: "hey! this is an airplane, not a boat!"
Just to make this more interesting some pics about this
Going down after taking off using 26 orientation:
Cargo drop pics:
And artist impresion:
Check this video between 0:50 and 0:53. Landing at BAM Malvinas in 1982 during the conflinct.
So yes, there are scenarios where they need to fly that low.
- TractorEngineer
That's fine, but those tactical maneuvers should not be flown 15 feet over the heads of spectators that don't know any better. If you ever had to be one of the guys picking up dead bodies from an unauthorized low pass that went too far (especially if it were people that you knew), you'd probably have a different perspective.
- Juanma Baiutti
I know the guys in the cockpit and some guys that stayed in Marambio.
It's ok this low pass for me.
The Pampa's low pass is not.
But it's ok, I respect your opinion.
- ron
It seems you have never heard of lapes.. A C-130 will fly within 10 feet of the ground during a LAPES.. Low Altitude Parachute Extraction. http://youtu.be/dgg3iRaVnbw
- ask2wice
"The Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System (LAPES) is not currently in
use by the US Air Force (USAF) or the US Army".
Why? Probably too dangerous, and USAF/Marine/Army pilots are probably the best trained in the world with the most combat flight time/experience, so if they don't do it, there must be a good reason. Besides, this AAF pilot wasn't practicing LAPES 15 feet over a crowd of people's heads! He was engaged in a very reckless high-speed low-altitude pass over a group of onlookers. A prescription for a mishap if I've ever seen one!
- Pampa
Sorry, but you are out of context. Malvinas was just the scenario where these guys needed to fly that low so save their arses. That is how the Hercules broke repeatedly the British blockade, by day and night, until the last day. Only Hercules lost was during an exploration mission, as the AF lacked other planes suitable for the task, an almost sucide task, as it was done with the onboard radar and MK-1 eyeballs, and they paid with their lives because they have to fly at "normal" altitudes!!!
Permission from the crew?? This is not how it works here. And I bet thet other guys were gladly into it.
I have read similar comments from other people on other videos like this one, but you don't understand the mindset of the AAF after Malvinas. For them flying ultra-low is a matter of pride.
- flyAr
ask2wice, I guess that you have +20000 logged hours right?
- Dusty Rhodes
The Blue's Fat Albert flies way lower than that during takeoff at the start of their portion of the show.
- Frédéric
Yeah, but not that close to the crowd !!
This (the argentinian pilot) is just plain stupid.
- ask2wice
During precision flight demonstrations, yes. But never directly over people's heads!
- Juanma Baiutti
Hi David, just one thing.
The final flyby is quite common when leaving the base but it's made only when there are perfect conditions.
It just a boost for the moral of the people that is going to spend a year in that base.
Here a couple more examples about it:
1) http://www.noticiasffaayseg.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/c38d0ed0ea04bfabf5a959d504e7e28b.jpg
2) http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cX8sRVj0Yg4/T8gTxQLCS1I/AAAAAAAAASc/Xx06B9MhJ3c/s320/C-130+Hercules+01.jpg
- Dagger
Low pass of FAA´s Herks in LAN (Logistic Antartic) flights are a very long tradition over Marambio Base. This is not new folks.
- ask2wice
In response to Juanma Baiutti's comment (not yet published by the moderator so I can't directly post a response to it yet) let me make this point:
I must strongly disagree. That wasn't a training evolution
by a SOC (or whatever the Argentineans call their special forces command)
aircraft during flight qualifications. That was done, quite recklessly I might
add, in order to "woo" and "aww" the crowd on the ground.
It's called "flat-hatting", and there are plenty of dead airmen to
show why it is a foolish thing to do. Foolish and in many countries with air
arms, prohibited. Something you are told you will not do from day one of flight
school. Not that pilots don't sometimes do it, but if they get caught they can
get in big trouble. Or worse – killed!
Flying is not a game. Making it so gets people badly hurt or put into a box six
feet under. At least what's left of them (often very little)! Had that maneuver
been flown in wartime or during an actual [required] training evolution, I
wouldn't have a problem with it. But it was neither of those things. It was
done for pure thrill, as proven by people cheering and video-taping on the
ground. &As you've shown pictures about why aggressive flight maneuvers are
done during war-time, or perhaps even practiced, I can show you many more
pictures and Class-A mishap reports which clearly show why it is not a wise
thing to do during routine flight operations. And this looks like it was done simply
because someone wanted to have fun. Not wise, and all-to-often deadly!
So unless this was conducted as part of a training flight (certainly
doesn't look or sound that way – when aggressive flight training maneuvers are done
usually people are not exposed to danger on the ground while standing in a
training area, cheering, with the aircraft flying directly overhead), I stand
by my statement.
- Juanma Baiutti
First of all, in this blog we have some previous very low flybys from the FAA.
Both Pucará and Pampa ended with the flying career of the pilots.
This, on the other hand, is a very different story.
The pilots flying C130 are no rookies between transport pilots in FAA. Pilots flying to Marambio are not rookies in C130. So, we can say that this maneuvers were made by an experienced pilot.
As we dont have a very large air force, most of our C130 pilots that have antartic certification (not everyone do the antartic logistic flight) goes to antartica often. They all know about the weather there and their limitations. In fact, they all have flown the Twin Otter from Marambio for 6 months at least 2 times!
So, you have an experienced piloto with knowledge of the base and its weather.
They are not improvising. they are doing something that the know how to do it and that have learnt from a more experienced pilot.
You will find a lot of pictures (posted some in other reply) of the same thing. Check the clear sky. A bit weird in Marambio. So this is telling you that the "trick" is made in good weather. But not allways, I found a video with the manouver at dusk/dawn but is higher than the ones in pictures. So this shows that they adjust depending on conditions.
So, all this typing just to say that this is not done as is, any time, by anyone.
One more thing, as I said in other post. This is made for the crew of the base. The ones that are going to stay a year away from their love ones. They know that they can rely on the 1st Transport Squadron to be the link to the continent. As its motto says "We can so others can"
So I stand by my statement too. With facts.
- cencio4
You don't need several thousand flying hours to say that a particular maneuver or flyby is a show o poor airmanship.
And please when you compare some stunts to what aerobatic display teams do, please don't forget that pilots of the Blue Angels, Frecce Tricolori, Red Arrows etc, follow a specific training and, above all, always perform the maneuvers far enough from spectators etc.
- ask2wice
One more thing. We don't want young people who are getting into this profession (and possibly looking at this website) to ever think that it's OK to showboat, or to fly in a dangerous, unprofessional manner. Websites like this not only entertain, they also inform.
Can you have fun making comments or reading stories on this (and other) aviation websites? Yes. Should we directly or tacitly endorse dangerous flight maneuvers (like flying 15 feet over a crowd of people's heads) on any type of forum? No! Not in my mind anyway.
I've seen or read about far too many tragic aviation accidents because of people performing reckless flight maneuvers. In the U.S. Navy, AF, Marines, Army, CG (and surely most NATO countries – others here can speak to that) it is strictly forbidden. You will be punished severely if you do so and are somehow caught. Ever hear the saying; "Accident waiting to happen"? But after reading some of the comments here from former military fliers of other nations, I do think that different countries set different standards on what is acceptable and what is not. Some more stringent than others. So be it.
Increased risk is for wartime or during difficult (but well-supervised) training evolutions. It's NOT for everyday flying. As has been well stated here, that's something that often gets people killed.
Every aviation professional in the world understands the need to maintain the highest standards where safety and professionalism are concerned. I didn't see that on display while watching that Argentinian C-130 make a very low high-speed pass over a group of people's heads. That it has happened before is no excuse – anywhere, not just Argentina! I won't apologize for advocating both safety and professionalism while flying any sort of aircraft, from a Cessna 150 to an F-22 stealth fighter (and everything in between). If you however do, we will never see eye-to-eye.
- Seashure
If your going to do it, at least have someone with a decent camera/camera skills to record it……
very cool
- Pampa
Regardless of different opinions on the subject, thanks to everybody that posted here. I think most of the joy from an article on a given topic came from the comments of people interested in such, that juice up the article itslef and in most cases, add a lot of info!
Thanks again everybody for sharing your thoughts.
- Chuck130
I am a C130 pilot. Any time I even think of doing a low pass I know that every idiot with a cellphone is whipping it out to drop the video on YouTube or Facebook, and that's the end of my career right there. This height is unnecessary, and most of the regs call for something much higher. Video evidence of my plane less than 500′ agl outside of certain circumstances will get my ass chewed, ticket pulled and maybe more if it's stupid enough. There may be a time where we need to operate that close to the ground, but putting everything at risk for an air show is just dumb.
- C-130 Chief
Thats bad ass! Beast mode!
- Moro
Who needs to justify this kind of flying???? Do you like it? So, enjoy it!!! You don´t like it? then fly as you like. You say this is not a "professional" flight? Decades ago, flying this low, they showed the world how professional they were and the things they could to help their comrades fighting in the islands without proper means.


text:
The Radio magazine Pick Hits are the top 15 new products shown at the 2009 NAB Show as selected by our panel of radio engineer judges. The winners are listed in alphabetical order.
The list of judges and the official rules are listed on the last pages.
IP audio console system
Axia Audio
Powerstation: This all-in-one IP-audio console system combines analog, digital and microphone I/O, a
console power supply, DSP mixing engine and network switch into one package. To set up Powerstation, connect the
studio equipment with standard CAT-5 cables, connect an Element console with just one cable, name the sources with a
browser, and it's ready for air. Powerstation can be the heart of a standalone studio or part of a larger Axia
network. Powerstation simple networking can daisy-chain up to four Powerstations for a multi-studio installation
without a separate core switch.
What the Judges had to say:
Spectrum analyzer
Bird Technologies Group
Signal Hawk SH-36S-PC: The Signal Hawk SH-36S-PC analyzes the radio frequency spectrum, measures intended
and interfering signals, and allows setup of parameters such as frequency and amplitude markers. It displays signal
amplitude versus frequency and saves traces on a PC. It is fast, accurate and sensitive (-135dBm noise floor) with
the same spectrum analyzer functionality as the Signal Hawk handheld and rack-mount units. It is built in FCC
compliance masks, has a waterfall display and a sophisticated spectrum analysis software package is included with the product.
What the Judges had to say:
I/O interface
Burk Technology
Plus-X 300: The Plus-X 300 I/O interface simplifies distribution of monitoring and control to all areas of
a facility by using Ethernet-based connectivity to the ARC Plus or ARC Plus SL. In addition to traditional
transmitter site applications, the Plus-X 300 is well suited for use in studios, control rooms, IT spaces because
wiring paths back to the remote control rack are no longer required. Each of eight input channels can be configured
as either metering or status, allowing users to adapt the Plus-X 300 to the monitoring requirements of each
installation. Relay outputs may be used in any combination of individual relays (momentary or latching) or in mutually exclusive raise/lower pairs.
What the Judges had to say:
Automatic PPM recovery
Burk Technology
PPM Assurance: The PPM Assurance protects ratings and reduces overhead by constantly monitoring all PPM
encoders and providing automatic encoder toggling. E-mail alerts and exception reporting keep stakeholders up to
date. It is a complete automatic recovery system. In addition to providing reliable backup encoder activation, the
PPM Assurance monitor establishes direct data connectivity to the Arbitron equipment to verify code accuracy. And
because loss of audio means lost PPM credit, built-in silence sensing enables swift program recovery.
What the Judges had to say:
Audio-over-IP transmission
Bric-Link: Bric-Link transmits audio over IP networks and is suited for point-to-point "nailed up" audio
links over a wide variety of data circuits including ISM band IP radios, T1/E1s, satellite data channels, WANs and
LANs. Contained in a small, desktop package, two Bric-Links can be mounted in a 1RU rack space. Balanced analog 1/4"
I/O, as well as switchable AES I/O, four contact closures, ancillary data and consumer level front panel I/O for
monitoring are provided on BRIC-Link's compact and rugged chassis.
What the Judges had to say:
Digital signal processor
Day Sequerra
M4DDM: This diversity delay monitor is the first Day Sequerra product to incorporate the company's newly
developed Timelock DSP algorithm to automatically maintain alignment of the HD Radio main program signal (MPS) analog
and HD-1 digital audio. Using its selective off-air tuner, the M4DDM measures the MPS analog and HD-1 digital audio
diversity and generates a continuous stream of correction vectors to keep the analog and digital audio time and level
aligned. These correction vectors can be processed internally by the M4DDM to delay the digital program audio or can
be sent via Ethernet to an HD Radio Embedded Exporter to provide the necessary delay. Additionally, the unit has
digital audio outputs for confidence monitoring and alarm outputs for loss of program audio and OFDM sidebands as
well as HD Radio data and RBDS data payloads. The algorithm used in the M4DDM is based on a new digital audio
correlation methodology developed jointly by Harris and Day Sequerra.
What the Judges had to say:
Radio broadcast transmitters
HPX Series: HPX transmitters are available in analog FM-only or common amplification HD Radio versions,
and incorporate an advanced transmitter control system. The compact design of the HPX transmitter utilizes matching
amplifier and power supply cabinets to minimize the footprint at the transmission facility. Its common architecture
at all power levels simplifies the upgrade path for stations who wish to migrate from analog-only to an HD Radio
common-amplification system or increase HD Radio broadcasting power to the proposed -10dB when needed.
What the Judges had to say:
950MHz STL
Intraplex HD Link: This 950MHz STL was built around an integrated IP gateway. HD Link supports multiple
channels of audio along with IP transport for HD Radio, and can take advantage of any available IP return path for
TCP support with plug-and-play operation. The integrated IP channel for HD Radio program transport provides a link
from Importer-to-Exporter or Exporter-to-Exciter for both audio and data carriage, with a separate low-priority
Ethernet port included for other LAN and control traffic. Advanced coding and error correction mechanisms provide
resistance to bit errors that can cause glitches in HD Radio performance. The unit also offers powerful, reliable RF
performance (up to 5W), high-quality multichannel audio performance, plus convenient set-up and reliable operation
including full metering, monitoring, and command and control capabilities.
What the Judges had to say:
Automatic ac power controller
Henry Engineering
Powerswitch: Powerswitch is an automatic failsafe ac power controller that switches ac power to backup
equipment if main equipment fails. Powerswitch was developed for use with Arbitron PPM encoders. If a PPM Monitor is
used, the Powerswitch will automatically switch to the backup PPM encoder if the main encoder fails. This redundancy
with automatic backup ensures that radio stations never lose ratings data in the event of a fault with their main PPM
encoder. Powerswitch can also be used as a remote rebooter, to reboot a PC at a transmitter site or other remote
location. It can also be used in any application where ac power needs to be remotely turned on or off.
What the Judges had to say:
USB audio interface
Henry Engineering
USB Matchbox II: The USB Matchbox II is a USB audio interface used instead of common PC sound cards. It
eliminates typical PC interface problems of buzz, noise, insufficient headroom and incorrect levels. It also includes
the most useful features of the USB Matchbox products, providing both analog and digital interfaces. There is stereo
analog I/O on XLRs at professional levels, as well as an AES/EBU digital output, plus a headphone output for critical
monitoring. The USB Matchbox II features Burr-Brown's new generation phase coherent ADC/DAC, in addition to advanced
audio circuitry. The unit supports 32, 44.1, and 48kHz sample rates and is plug-and-play compatible with Windows, Mac
and Linux operating systems. It also features a built-in ac power supply to ensure operation at professional audio
levels with available headroom.
What the Judges had to say:
1x1 Low-Profile: The Litepanels 1x1 Low-Profile fixtures protrude three inches from the ceiling or wall
surface where they are mounted. This results in practically no loss of headroom or room space. Because the LED lamps
on the Low-Profile are tilted at 40 degrees off axis, light is projected forward from the fixture to softly light the
subject. Like all Litepanels LED lighting fixtures, the Low-Profile draws little power, and can be operated from
12Vdc. The fixtures are cool to the touch, even when operating, so they add no heat to a cramped space. And like
other Litepanels 1x1 fixtures, it is dimmable via DMX or a control on the fixture itself, with no noticeable shift in color temperature.
What the Judges had to say:
Solid-state FM transmitter line
NV Series: Building on the NV40, Nautel now offers FM output power ranging from 3.5kW to 44kW with the
NV3.5, NV5, NV7.5, NV10, NV15, NV20, NV30 and the flagship NV40. The NV Series of products offer several unique
capabilities. An Advanced User Interface (AUI) provides more control with access from virtually anywhere, and the AUI
increases station efficiency by making it easy to monitor and control. Nautel provides a control system with a 17"
touch screen interface that manages the whole transmitter and multiple exciters. Real-time instrument-grade spectral
analysis allows a station to quickly ensure that the signal is optimized for digital broadcast. All NV Series
transmitters are digital-ready, allowing a plug-in Exgine upgrade to HD Radio broadcasting. Adaptive pre-correction
provides linearity and IBOC transmission with no need for additional filters. Common modules across the product line
are a plus for customers with multiple transmission sites.
What the Judges had to say:
XLR to USB adapter
X2U: The Shure X2U XLR-to-USB signal adapter is slim, portable and simple to connect. Making it easy to
record whenever you want, anywhere you take your computer, it is useful for multi-track recording and features
built-in headphone monitoring with zero latency. It also features easy controls to balance microphone and playback audio.
What the Judges had to say:
USB turret panel
Sierra Automated Systems
TP-USB: This turret panel provides an easy way for talent or guests to connect a laptop to the SAS audio
network. Typically, guests must feed the unbalanced line or headphone output to the audio network, which can lead to
audio problems from ground loops and poor audio quality from the laptop's internal sound card. The card puts a USB B
connector receptacle in easy reach to provide a bidirectional stereo connection. The panel fits in a 6" x 1.6" space.
It connects to the SAS network via a CAT-5 cable. It is also available in a rack-mount version.
What the Judges had to say:
IP codec
Tieline Technology
Bridge-It: Bridge-It allows users to tailor the codec to suit individual requirements. Encode-only or
decode-only versions or both are available. Bridge-It has an SD card slot for failover playback of prerecorded audio,
and the unit's menus can be fully programmed using comprehensive front-panel hardware that includes a keypad and LCD
display, or by using a Web interface. It is designed for desktop use, or two units can be installed side-by-side in a
purpose-built 1RU mounting bracket. Bridge-It comes with a range of high performance broadcast algorithms plus
optional AAC LC and AAC HE. Standard algorithms include 16-bit 22kHz linear audio at less than 12ms encode delay for
uncompromised audio, G.711 G.722, MPEG Layer 2 and Tieline Music. The Tieline Music Plus algorithm also provides
22kHz mono, dual mono and stereo with 20ms encode delay at under 100kb/s. Bridge-It has all the expected broadcast
input connectors. Simultaneous analog and digital AES/EBU audio outputs are provided on XLR connectors and it includes a 1/4" stereo headphone output.
What the Judges had to say:
Bud Aiello, CBNTDirector of Engineering TechnologyNPRWashington, DC
Tom AtkinsVP, Director of EngineeringBackyard BroadcastingBuffalo, NY
Mike Cooney, CBREVP and CTOBeasley Broadcast GroupNaples, FL
Bill Croghan, CPBEChief EngineerLotus, Las VegasLas Vegas, NV
Steve FlukerDirector of EngineeringCox RadioOrlando, FL
Scott Mason, CPBEDirector of Engineering, West CoastCBSLos Angeles, CA
Marshall RiceEngineering DirectorBonneville InternationalSt. Louis, MO
Jeff Smith, CEA CBNTSupervisor Studio EngineerClear Channel - NYCNew York, NY
Martin Stabbert, CPBEDirector of EngineeringCitadel BroadcastingReno, NV
Sept. 28–29, Miami
Sept. 29–Oct. 1, Los Angeles
Oct. 12–14, Hartford, Conn.
Oct. 11-13, Middleton, Wis.
Alert FM Offers a Flood of Information
Bartle Joins Pandora as CMO
IAB Promotes Babcock
Telestream Vantage Certifies Archion Tech Products
ATSC 3.0 to Deliver Video for Mobile Alerts
Panasonic Integrates NewTek Connect Pro With IP Workflows
Datapath Offering New iolite Discreet Video Wall Controllers
Zylight Offers LED Lighting Options for Worship Facilities
Optoma Hires Strategically for ProAV Channel
Move Over, 'Magnificent Seven': Debate Takes Over Big Screens
Liberman Asks FCC to Reconsider Comcast Complaint Dismissal
Bridging the Digital (Veteran) Divide

subset: commoncrawl


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Paul and Georgia Bradley of Indiana are celebrating a marriage milestone -- their 80th wedding anniversary.
Georgia: 80 years? Have we?
Paul: You know we have.
Georgia: Seems like an awfully long time.
The couple met in the 1920s when Paul worked for the telegraph office.
"That's the girl I married," said Paul, holding several old photographs. "If I had my life to live over again, I wouldn't change a thing," he added.
Georgia agrees.
"I can't imagine living without him and he can't imagine living without me. We've been together practically all of our lives," she said.
The Bradleys are both 98-years-old.
They say each day together is an adventure full of romance and humor.
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What is in this article?:
- Weather, to no one's surprise, topped the list of 2011 concerns for cotton consultants and their clients.
- Weather issues included the gamut from record-setting drought, unrelenting heat, devastating floods, humidity and hail stones as big as lemons.
More About:
High Plains
Conditions may have been even worse in the Texas High Plains, said Bob Glodt, Agri-Search, Inc., in Plainview. He rolled off a bevy of adverbs to describe just how bad it was. "It was unbelievably, unprecedentedly, unrelentingly hot and dry," he said.
Rainfall for planting was all but non-existent, and that during a time when cotton needs about 6 inches of moisture to get up and off to a decent start, he said. "A lot of farmers applied more than 3 inches of irrigation water just to get the crop up and to the two-leaf stage.
"By June, or even in late May, the dryland crop had failed and irrigated cotton was struggling to keep up. But we had no mosquitoes."
And wind was constant. "I've never seen windy conditions to match 2011," Glodt said. "We often had 45 mile-per-hour winds blowing all day. The evapotranspiration level was phenomenal. It was impossible to keep up."
Glodt said farmers planted 4.53 million acres in the 41-county High Plains area. Of that, 2.48 was dryland cotton. Some 2.18 million acres of that dryland production failed. "That's 87 percent of the dryland crop," Glodt said.
Of the 1.92 million irrigated acres planted, 23,000 failed. Much more produced less than typical yields.
Glodt said corn farmers abandoned a high percentage of acres. Some water resources were converted to cotton.
He said High Plains cotton farmers also dealt with a new insect pest, Kurtomathrips, a thrips that has been detected before in Texas and Arizona but not in the High Plains for a long time. The pest seemed to concentrate on the most severely drought-damaged cotton so growers may have assumed injury came from drought.
Control, when the pest is identified, is not particularly difficult, he said.
Glodt said the unprecedented drought of 2011 graphically showed the advantages of efficient irrigation. "Efficiency paid dividends last year," he said.
Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) systems, with 80 percent efficiency, proved far superior to broadcast irrigation systems, at only 50 percent efficiency. On a field with 16-acre feet of water applied, the crop gets only 8 inches from the broadcast system. LEPA provides 12.8 inches.
Water use efficiency will become even more important with new water restrictions in the Underground Water District No. 1. The new rules will allow 16-acre inches of water—where available—for contiguous acres.
"Wells will have to be metered or growers will have to use some other accurate mans of correlation (energy uses, for instance) to monitor water.
"These restrictions will be a challenge to adapt to," he said. "But a lot of farmers have not been using ET demand to manage irrigation efficiently. And some have gotten away from LEPA and switched to broadcast irrigation, and I don't understand why."


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In a letter to congressional leaders, Lew said that he would tap the civil service retirement and disability fund and a similar fund that covers retired postal workers. The law allows him to remove investments from these funds to clear room for more borrowing until Congress votes to raise the debt limit
Under the law, any investments diverted from the pension funds must be replaced with interest once Congress approves raising the debt limit.
Lew has said the various bookkeeping measures he is allowed to employ should provide enough maneuvering room to keep the government from defaulting on its debt until after Labor Day. Other estimates say Lew may be able to forestall a default until as late as November.
In January, Congress voted to temporarily suspend the debt limit but that suspension ended Sunday.
Before the suspension, the debt limit stood at $16.4 trillion. The government has borrowed $300 billion since the suspension took effect. On Sunday, the debt limit reset at the higher level of $16.7 trillion.
The government has run annual deficits of more than $1 trillion for the past four years. But the Congressional Budget Office last week estimated that this year's deficit will drop to $643 billion, an improvement that reflects increased revenue from a stronger economy and the effect of tax increases that took effect in January.
Republicans want to reduce future deficits by cutting back on spending. Democrats have proposed a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, which Republicans oppose. The dispute has led to the current budget impasse.
A standoff over budget issues in August 2011 pushed the country close to its first-ever default before President Barack Obama and Republicans reached a last-minute compromise. That battle prompted Standard & Poor's to issue the first-ever downgrade on long-term Treasury debt. The administration has vowed to prevent Republicans from using the need to raise the borrowing limit as leverage in the current budget battle.
"I respectfully urge Congress to protect America's good credit and avoid the potentially catastrophic consequences of failing to act by increasing the debt limit in a timely fashion," Lew said in his Monday letter.


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By Bob Allen
An American Baptist church in Iowa City has announced it will perform same-sex weddings, presumably the state's first Baptist congregation to do so since Iowa's Supreme Court legalized gay marriage in 2009.
The Des Moines Register reported Dec. 29 that First Baptist Church in Iowa City, a 50-member congregation founded in 1840, recently joined the Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists. It is the first Iowa church to affiliate with the group formed in 1993 to support churches that are welcoming and affirming of people regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation.
"We see love as valued by God, whoever it's between," Pastor Dorothy Whiston told CBS News affiliate KGAN-TV in Cedar Rapids. "It's always wrong to say that there's some group of people, for whatever reason, by virtue of who they are, who are excluded from any opportunity. I would say that's certainly true of marriage as well."
The website of First Baptist Church, which is affiliated with American Baptist Churches USA, describes the congregation as an "open and inclusive community of faith" characterized by "radical hospitality."
"People of all ages, cultures, personal backgrounds, political affiliations, socio-economic circumstances and sexual orientations are welcome and active in this church," the website says. "God places a call on all of us to serve the causes of compassion and justice in our local communities and throughout the world. We are strong enough to respond faithfully to this call when we love and celebrate each person as God's beautifully unique child. Together, we can live in covenant for the sake of the work we are called to do."
Nine states and the District of Columbia now allow gay marriage. With their legal right secured, many same-sex couples now face a new challenge of finding someone to officiate at their wedding. Forbes Magazine recently explored the new dilemma facing same-sex couples who desire a wedding setting more romantic than in a courtroom before a judge but cannot find a clergy member who will officiate.
Whiston, who began as part-time interim pastor in July 2010 and became permanent pastor on Aug. 1, 2011, said allowing gays to get married in the church is the next logical step in the number of services the congregation already provides to the LGBT community.
"I think we are known in the community and gay community as being a friendly place to come," she said.


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Global Landscapes Forum Reports on Successes and Outcomes
9 June 2014: The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) has released the report of the first Global Landscapes Forum. The report focuses on four themes: investing in sustainable landscapes, landscape policy and governance, synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation, and landscapes for food security and nutrition.
The report describes a number of events held during the Forum, including the cross-cutting session on 'Youth: the future of sustainable landscapes', the 'Gender Café', and an exhibition space for 31 organizations.
Together with regular sessions, these events contributed to the development of 13 key messages outlined in the report. The messages focus on, inter alia: the importance of applying the landscape approach to REDD+; the need for stakeholder engagement, including with youth; indigenous peoples and local communities; encouragement for the monitoring and evaluation of sectoral interaction; and good governance for long-term investment.
The report also summarizes the Forum's virtual impact from a dedicated forum website, a blog, an online newspaper, live-streaming of sessions, photos and videos, and social media.
The Forum was convened from 16-17 November 2013, on the margins of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Warsaw, Poland. According to the report, more than 1,000 participants attended the Forum, which reached an additional 3.6 million people through Twitter. Organizing sessions involved some 63 partners.
CIFOR is a part of the CGIAR consortium. [Global Landscapes Forum – final report] [Global Landscapes Forum Website]


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The suspect asked the victim for a ride and she agreed to provide it to him if he bought her a bottle of alcohol. The suspect drove the victim's vehicle to a remote dirt road in the Castaic area where she was assaulted and raped.
The suspect has been described by some witnesses as a "transient type," but "clean." Detectives believe the man may live locally as he had knowledge of the Castaic area. They also believe he may be connected to the trucking industry in some capacity -- possibly even a truck driver.
He is described as a male Hispanic or American Indian between the ages of 30-40 with long, shoulder-length brown or black hair. Surveillance photos show him wearing a gray sleeveless tank top, dark shorts and a "Rock Star" hat worn backwards.


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The Difference between 357 Mag and 357 sig?
Tools and Technologies
Handguns: General Discussion
> The Difference between 357 Mag and 357 sig?
Columbus Archer
March 10, 2006, 07:52 PM
Just curious as to what the difference is between the 357 mag and sig? Is the sig closer to a 38 special strength wise?
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March 10, 2006, 07:57 PM
The 357 mag is a 357 mag , more powerful shot from a revolver
the 357 sig is a necks down 40 , and used in semi auto pistols
factory the 357 mag is around 1300 fps to 1500 , and about 700+ ft lb's with bullets around 150 to 180gr give or take some
the 357 sig is 1350 fps and 510 ft lb's with 125 gr bullet
the mag is for hunting and the sig is for target and Self defense
March 10, 2006, 08:04 PM
You don't consider the 357 mag a self defense round? :what:
March 10, 2006, 08:06 PM
the 357 mag will work for about anything you want to do with it
being target , self defense , hunting
just ponting out hunting to show the dif between the sig and mag
March 10, 2006, 08:20 PM
People, people, people, there's more to a cartridge than how much powder it holds. Compare SAAMI pressures. Now, 125 grain Sigs are supposed to approximate the .357 mag in an auto pistol, close I must say. However, the .40 with light bullets can do the same thing, so what's the point?????? I fail to see the need in the Sig round. Truth be told, it's more a marketing ploy by Sig Sauer than any advancement in ballistics. Agencies around the country, Texas Department of Public Safety included, were happy with the .357 mag for many years of its service and, so, naturally fell for the ploy. But, they'd be just as well armed with a .40 and the right ammo. :rolleyes: The .357 Sig is actually a .355, uses 9mm bullets, but the marketing department no doubt came up with the idea in the first place. I can hear it now, "they want .357 ballistics from an auto pistol, we'll give it to 'em!"
Now, the .357 mag is MUCH more versatile as an outdoor round while being one of the most effective self defense calibers you can get in a revolver. You can load it with 180 grain pills to shoot some fairly heavy game and even defend yourself against black bears. But, the Sig round is limited to not much more than the 125 grain pill they designed for duty weapons. I really got no use for the Sig round. I have plenty of faith in both my 9mms and my .45 ACP for self defense in an auto pistol. For outdoor use, I would have to put my faith in mostly the magnums from .357 up except for my favorite all time magnum, the .45 colt. :D I handload my .357 heavy loads to around 750 ft lbs. My .45 colt from the 7" barrel of my contender pushes 1000 ft lbs with a 300 grain bullet, near 900 ft lbs from my 4 5/8 inch Blackhawk. A standard SAAMI load pushes about 400 ft lbs with a 255 grain pill. Same HUGE case, different working pressures.
What makes these pills pretty close in velocity and energy, though, in the 125 grain loadings is the working pressure of the cartridges, not the volume of the case! The volume of the case is NOT that much different anyway being as the Sig round is larger in diameter, a bottle neck round. But, it's the working pressure that matters. This is why the puny little 9x19 parabellum can push 400+ ft lbs in a +P loading, pressure. It's a tiny little case, only marginally bigger than the .380 ACP, also a 9mm diameter bullet. But, the .380, chambered in blow back pocket pistols, works at MUCH lower working pressures. It is only 2mm shorter in case length. It's the pressure that is the difference.
March 10, 2006, 08:22 PM
For all practical purposes, there's not enough difference between the 9x19 and 357 SIG to make of difference.
On the other hand, the 10mm is the autoloader equivalent of the .357 Magnum. For all practical purposes, the .357 Magnum and 10mm are ballistic twins.
March 10, 2006, 08:54 PM
For all practical purposes, there's not enough difference between the 9x19 and 357 SIG to make of difference.
On the other hand, the 10mm is the autoloader equivalent of the .357 Magnum. For all practical purposes, the .357 Magnum and 10mm are ballistic twins.
Basically true loaded to potential. But, there are a lot of neutered .357 mags. The "standard" in .357 mag self defense, is the 125 grain load to about 550 ft lbs. But, you and I both know that's very light in the caliber. That's the standard that was used as a target for the Sig, though. Like I say, it is a marketing ploy, nothing more really. Even USES 9mm bullets! :rolleyes: I actually PREFER the 9x19. In a service gun, in +P+ loads, it can almost equal the Sig, come within 75 ft lbs anyway, and yet it can be had in super compact autos. The Sig round is fatter and loaded in a small auto, will give up a few rounds in the magazine just like it's .40 caliber parent case. The 9X19 is a more efficient package and absolutely enough gun for self defense, well, as enough as anything I reckon.
Anyway, I've never found a good, logical reason to shoot either .40 or .357 Sig. I would, however, see the use in the 10mm. It IS a .357 in an autoloader. Now, right there, you see why I think the Sig round is all about marketing. The 10 existed long before the Sig came out. The TDPS was looking for a "357 autoloader" and the 10 is the only common self defense caliber that equals the .357 magnum ballistically. If they'd have named the 10mm the ".357 auto magnum", it'd 've sold to the DPS. Instead, they settled on a lesser round because of the name! :rolleyes:
March 10, 2006, 08:56 PM
The .357SIG exist for a single purpose...to provide the same high-powered round that is found in the typical .357 Mag police service revolver in a semi-auto package. This was because the .357 Mag service revolver has a very successful history in police work. The hope was to create a handgunl that could provide the same performance but also provide more rounds.
The .357SIG isnt as versatile as the revolver round and generally sticks to a narrow range of power. .357 Mag rounds are available that range from less powerful than .357SIG to far more powerful. But that's okay as long as you remember what the intent of this round is.
For all practical purposes, there's not enough difference between the 9x19 and 357 SIG to make of difference.
A Federal Premium .357SIG round produces 506 ft-lbs whereas an Federal Premium 9mm produces 353 ft-lbs. Thats over 43% more energy. Thats a big difference.
March 10, 2006, 09:36 PM
The .357SIG exist for a single purpose...
The 357 SIG exist for a single purpose--to sell handguns, period. It was part of an effort by SIG to reclaim the momentun they lost in the LE market-place (largely to Glock) because they were so slow in delivering a .40 S&W weapon.
to provide the same high-powered round that is found in the typical .357 Mag police service revolver in a semi-auto package.
Then it failed miserably--it falls well short of the .357 Magnum. They 357 SIG was hyped by SIG in as such but falls well short of that mark in actual practice. Basically, it is 9x19 in a short, fat case.
A Federal Premium .357SIG round produces 506 ft-lbs whereas an Federal Premium 9mm produces 353 ft-lbs. Thats over 43% more energy. Thats a big difference.
Not really. It's one of those numbers that looks big, but what is actually measured is rather small. Frankly, a 153 fpe is not enough difference to make a diiference--in actual enery, it is a very small amount
March 10, 2006, 11:00 PM
Well, I carry +P 9mm stuff that puts out 400 ft lbs, so it's down 100 ft lbs to the Sig load, but that's in a very compact pistol. In a full size gun, it makes 440 ft lbs, so it's down about 60+ ft lbs. That's not that significant IMHO. Now, consider that the parent .40 S&W case makes well over 500 ft lbs in it's lighter bullet loadings of 135 to 155 grains. Why the .357 sig when you have equal exterior ballistics with a bigger, heavier bullet in the .40????? Where's the need???? It's all about marketing, plain and simple. Call it a .357 and Law Enforcement will come.
March 10, 2006, 11:16 PM
A Federal Premium .357SIG round produces 506 ft-lbs whereas an Federal Premium 9mm produces 353 ft-lbs. That's over 43% more energy. That's a big difference
Not quite. Lets compare the Winchester Ranger +P+ grain 9mm at 1250 fps vs the 125 grian 357 sig at 1350fps. Thats 440 footounds for the 9mm vs 500 for the sig. Hardly anything to get worked up over.
The 40 is also not that much to get all worked up about either. It provides what, a mear .05 expansion over the 9mm with equal penetration figures. For that extra expansion you pay for with with more than 45 acp recoil. You pay a lot more for you ammo. You have guns wearing out much quicker and you have KB's. I no longer use the 40.
March 10, 2006, 11:20 PM
Well, I carry +P 9mm stuff that puts out 400 ft lbs, so it's down 100 ft lbs to the Sig load, but that's in a very compact pistol. In a full size gun, it makes 440 ft lbs
Alright then...forget Federal and lets move to CORBON. 575 ft lbs for their .357SIG. Bottom line is that the power rating for 357SIG is well above 9mm.
Now, consider that the parent .40 S&W case makes well over 500 ft lbs in it's lighter bullet loadings of 135 to 155 grains. Why the .357 sig when you have equal exterior ballistics with a bigger, heavier bullet in the .40?????
It is my understanding that there are at least two significant reasons for using 357SIG over .40. The first is that the round appears to be a bit more accurate than the .40, which is not important for self-defense but important for policemen trying to take down a BG at a distance.
The second is that the smaller round has better penetration. Again, not important for personal defense but important for police who might have to shoot a BG through a car door or window.
March 10, 2006, 11:26 PM
Wrong again graystar. With Corbon the 125 grain 357 sig is rated at 1450 fps. While the 125 grain 9mm Corbon is rated at 1250 fps. Thats only a difference of 150 footpounds still not enough to get worked up over. 583 for the sig and 433 for the 9mm. Besides energy is not that numbers you should be looking. Penetration and expansion figures are far more important. In that area the 9mm and 357 sig are identical.
March 10, 2006, 11:42 PM
Wrong again graystar.What...you're saying that the 357SIG doesn't have a higher power rating??? I think you're the one that's wrong.
575 ft-lbs is well in the .357 Mag range of power. You're telling me that there's no difference between 9mm and .357 Mag??
You treat 150 ft-lbs like it's nothing when in fact it is a significant percentage of the 9mm's power rating. If it wasn't significant then we wouldn't need anything more than .38 special. 150 ft-lbs is significant.
March 10, 2006, 11:54 PM
Take a look at the 357 sig jhps expansion and the 9mm pics. Tell me there is a significant difference.
March 11, 2006, 12:04 AM
There's no difference, as there shouldn't be. I would fully expect manufactures to insure that the bullets used are of a design and appropriate hardness to allow full expansion at the specified power rating.
March 11, 2006, 12:09 AM
A 12 inch hole that is .75 caliber from a 9mm is the same as a 12 inch hole from a .75 caliber 357 sig.
March 11, 2006, 12:21 AM
Such a waste......we all KNOW..the 223/5.56 is....SUPERIOR......for everything!!!!!
March 11, 2006, 12:24 AM
Go away pest. Only those who have something to contribute are welcome here. Personal attacks need not apply. Grow up and act like an adult.
March 11, 2006, 12:29 AM
INSULTS.....from the mouth of babes
March 11, 2006, 12:33 AM
As an armed security guard working at a large construction site third shift, I saw what the .357 Sig could do for me against barriers and heavy clothing and liked it. There are also plenty of places for a shot of 100 meters or more*, and I'm not authorized to carry a rifle in my vehicle.
I liked the 10mm Auto for the same reasons, but I was already carrying a Glock 22 so I ordered a factory .357 barrel from Glockmeister for $120.
I wasn't able to perceive any difference in recoil between the .40 and the .357 Sig, but both cartridges recoil less than a Glock 20 or 21 in my experience.
I conclude that the .357 Sig is slightly better than the .40 S&W in full-size pistols, but the difference is negated in shorter barrels. For my purposes, the .357 Sig wins.
*I'll be the first to admit that any increase in accuracy at 100 meters between the .40 and .357 Sig is probably moot considering the adrenaline dump of combat, but it can't hurt.
March 11, 2006, 12:35 AM
WHOA! I spent too long composing my response!
Police Firearms Instructor.
Urban Rifle Instructor.
Colt M16/AR15 Armorer.
Glock Armorer.
ROA, have some respect for your contemporaries. It is possible to disagree about dynamic variables without resulting to personal attacks. :uhoh:
March 11, 2006, 12:37 AM
That 100 fps does not buy you much range or barrier penetration ability at least not in the tests I have seen. Thats why I dropped the 357 sig. It is not a bad round it will perform. But its not significantly better than the 9mm. And it has its share of disadvantages.
March 11, 2006, 12:39 AM
A 12 inch hole that is .75 caliber from a 9mm is the same as a 12 inch hole from a .75 caliber 357 sig.
I would tend to agree. But the .357SIG can do things that the 9mm can't. Otherwise law enforcement across the country wouldn't be moving away from 9mm to .40/357SIG. And that's the thing to remember. This round wasn't meant to compete in the personal self-defense arena. It was meant to do what a 357 Mag does in the hands of a policeman. Police don't carry hollowpoints and, like I said, they have a need to do things like shoot a BG through a car door. 357SIG is simply a specialized round with a specific purpose and it must be reviewed with that in mind.
March 11, 2006, 12:39 AM
To be honest I am not sure why he is following me from thread to thread acting like a kid. I guess I must have pissed him off with my opinions on pistol caliber carbines in the past.
March 11, 2006, 12:42 AM
One only has to read past postings to see the many times 355sig has pissed people off
March 11, 2006, 12:45 AM
Well believe it or not more cops still use the 9mm than any other caliber. That is due to the larger agencies like NYPD, LAPD, CPD. still issuing it. Trends change and percieved needs. Also ammo has improved. The ammo situation 10 years ago is not what it is today. The 9mm has benefited quite a bit from recent changes in bullet construction. I dropped the 357 sig when I learned about the Ranger +p+ 127 grain. The move is also not towards the 357 sig but rather to the 40sw. Its the compromise cartridge. 45 fans can live with it because it starts with .4 while 9mm fans get to keep their guns.
March 11, 2006, 12:50 AM
And it has its share of disadvantages.
Yeah, it's a pistol round! :D I'd rather have my Remington 870 or my Garand out there.
I have owned a S&W 1006, but it only carried 9+1 rounds and it was a good deal heavier than my Glock 22. I have owned a USP .45 but it only carried 12+1 rounds. The Glock 22 gives me 18 rounds on my primary mag (thanks to a +2 baseplate) and 15 rounds for each spare mag, two more if I decide to order more +2 baseplates. That kind of firepower in .40 is great, and I like the slight increase in power levels of the Speer Gold Dot 125-grain .357 Sig (over the Speer GD 165-grain .40) gives me.
I'm on my own out there, and with the occasional trespasser or thief I know quite well that the police response time is approximately 15 minutes. Capacity is important to me.
March 11, 2006, 12:52 AM
Have you approached your employers with the need for a good 223 caliber carbine or at the very least an 870 shotgun.
March 11, 2006, 12:53 AM
The 9mm has benefited quite a bit from recent changes in bullet construction.
I agree. In fact my own personal defense gun is 9mm. And Im not actually defending the 357SIG. Im just saying that one needs to consider the design goal of a round when performing an evaluation.
Isnt that Ranger ammo available only to law enforcement?
March 11, 2006, 12:59 AM
Ranger is legal to own and you can buy it from sources on the internet. Heck I would get it for you if you lived near by. There are other good choices like the HST as well. The 357 sig was developed to copy the ballistics of the 125 grain 357 mag when fired from a 3 to 4 inch barrel. That it does.
March 11, 2006, 01:07 AM
Have you approached your employers with the need for a good 223 caliber carbine or at the very least an 870 shotgun?
Heh, such a need exists only in our minds, not theirs. I'm just happy to have more than a S&W model 10.
Sergeant Sabre
March 11, 2006, 09:55 AM
It was meant to do what a 357 Mag does in the hands of a policeman. Police dont carry hollowpoints and...
They don't carry hollow point ammunition? :confused:
Maybe not where you live. I can't think of an agency that doesn't carry hollow points.
March 12, 2006, 11:58 AM
what the difference is between the 357 mag and sig?
I can get a Sig 229 in 357sig.
March 12, 2006, 12:09 PM
The fundamental difference IMO is bullet weight. The .357 Sig is limited to lighter bullets. While 125 grain bullets might produce similar velocities in the two cartridges, the .357 Magnum wins at bullet weights greater than this.
The .357 Magnum can spit out 200 grain bullets approaching 1,200 feet per second. The .357 Sig doesn't even have bullets close to this weight.
March 12, 2006, 02:22 PM
after reading the threads from both persons, i'll not argue the useful pro and cons of either, my only comment is has anyone made a comment about the wayyy big difference in the rounds if used for sd and having to fire in the dark? WOW ,now thats a heck of a difference, that 357 sig will not only blind u at night but damn near deafen u also for several moments, soooo, if fired at the bg, better make real sure you burn him good with the first shot, u wont be seeing or hearing him for a few, thats main reason i hate ported pistols, that and the darn extra work cleaning and how the ported barrrel flash hides the front sight with soot!
March 12, 2006, 02:27 PM
I find the .357Sig to recoil less(torque) less than .40 in my P229. It is also much more accurate compared to the .40. I like it with a bonded bullet.
March 15, 2006, 03:27 AM
The 357 SIG was designed to duplicate the ballistics of a 125 grain 357 magnum defensive load and shoot from a 9mm/40cal sized frame. It does that pretty well. It's performance has tested to be about the same as a 357 magnum from a 3" to 4" bbl. Basing judgement on what the design goal was then it is a success. The 357 magnum offers much more variety of bullet weights and is more versatile ballistically. If I had to choose only one for all of life's handgun applications then the 357 magnum would be my choice.
March 15, 2006, 10:18 AM
The .357 magnum IS. The .357 Sig wants to be!!:D
March 15, 2006, 05:01 PM
Basing judgement on what the design goal was then it is a success.
The design goal was for SIGArms to reclaim the LE market share in lost to Glock when they were slow in bringing out a .40 S&W. I'd say it missed its goal by rather a large margin--both in terms of calibre (the .40 S&W far outstrips the 357 SIG in LE sales) and weapon sales (the Glock signficantly outsells SIG in LE). Using your criteria of "design goal," the 357 SIG has been a miserable failure (and I'm not even certain of its long-term viability).
Brad Johnson
March 15, 2006, 06:28 PM
Wow, such vitriol and ascetic barbs over what is essentially a non-issue.
To answer the original question...
The .357 Smith & Wesson Magnum was designed as a rimmed, straight-walled revolver cartridge. Original factory loadings were brutal. Very few factory loadings today duplicate the performance of these early offerings. The case design was simple - a straight tube with a rim at one end to hold it in the cylinder. Very utilitarian.
The .357 Sig was designed as a semi-auto cartridge. A "rimless" desgin, it began as an experiment to duplicate the terminal ballistics of the most-used (and well respected) 125 grain .357 mag revolver loads in a cartridge that could be used in a semi-auto. Originally using necked-down .40 S&W cases, designers were able to duplicate the 125gr .357 Mag performance in a cartridge that would fit in existing semi-auto handguns designed around .40/.9mm-length cartridges. (Note-the .357 Sig cases are now specifically designed to handle the higher chamber pressures and are drawn to difference specs than the .40 S&W)
The .357 Sig has suffered a fate similar to that of the 10mm. Original .357 Sig loads were impressive. However, LE agencies found their officers suffering from "don't wanna shoot it" problems due to the increase recoil and muzzle blast. As a result many factory .357 Sig loads were noticeably detuned to offer the shooters a more palatable combination. Unless original-spec cartridges are used, .357 Sig now offers no real ballistic advantages over other LE rounds in either .40 S&W, 10mm, or +P+ 9mm chamberings.
One inherent positive of the .357 Sig is the bottleneck case design. This design tends to be more forgiving of deficiencies in magazine and feedramp design. As a result it seems to suffer fewer feeding problems than similar straight-walled chamberings. The downside is that the shouldered design makes handloading the round a more exacting process, as the round headspaces on the shoulder and not the case mouth.
March 15, 2006, 06:39 PM
Hey, if you're sold on the Sig round, GREAT. It's effective as about any major caliber, of course. I'm not saying it's junk, worthless, etc. I'm just saying it sold on its name, not any significant performance improvement that other calibers didn't already offer. The last significant improvement in PDW calibers IMHO was the 10mm.
I carry the 9 because it's an effective major caliber that is chambered in some tiny guns which is what I carry for CCW, being just an armed civilian, not a security guard or LEO or anything. You can get the Sig in similar sized guns, there are barrel conversions out there for the Kel Tec and I assume the Glock 27, but I'll stick with the 9. I never liked the .40 in such small guns because they're pretty rough on a small action, but if the gun is designed for it, that might just be a paranoia of mine. Still, I'll take the extra round of my 9 over a forty in a small weapon, especially considering a box of practice ammo is 5.97 at Walmart here and I can't even justify reloading the caliber anymore at those prices.
No reason to get worked up over the debate. It has been interesting to see why some like the round. I still think it's redundant and not necessary and no real improvement in the world of sidearms, but it's made Sig a lot of money, so I can't say it's worthless. LOL
March 15, 2006, 06:59 PM
"Using your criteria of "design goal," the 357 SIG has been a miserable failure (and I'm not even certain of its long-term viability)."
R e a d S l o w e r O n e M o r e T i m e
I'm talking about the ballistic engineering desgin goal and nothing more. The engineers pretty much accomplished what they set out to do. Read the original post again and try to find the topic of discussion. You can do it!
March 15, 2006, 09:47 PM
Brad -
Wow, such misinformation over what is essentially a non-issue.
Actually, today's standard factory loading are as hot (or hotter) than the original Federal offerings. The 357 SIG has NOT "suffered a fate similar to that of the 10mm" as you allege (or the .357 Magnum). To be honest the 357 SIG offers no ballistic adavantage over any 9x19 current generation, premium JHP--standard, +P or +P+. Any advantages the bottle-neck case design offers is more theoretical than practical.
In fact, the tapered design of the 9x19 is probably better (again theoretically) than the bottle-neck of the 357 SIG. The bottle-neck design of the 357 SIG comes with its own set of reliability problems including a inherent tendency to nose-dive (particularly once your magazine springs start to weaken a little or the magazine gets a little dirty). It also as issues with case neck strength.
medmo -
B U T that's not what you said, was it? :)
--Or was I supposed to slow way down and read your mind? :D
At least, I didn't see anything about "engineering desgin [sic] goal" in your first post. The goal was was SIGArms to regain LE market share it lost to Glock--it failed.
March 16, 2006, 01:55 AM
jc2 - If you were applying what I said to the original topic that was posted then that is "actually" what I said. Again you failed. I know you can find the topic if you try really, really hard. Try harder. You can do it!
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They Think They Can, They Think They Can, They Think They Can
Little Engines Give Rail Hobbyists Taste of Big Time; 'Foamers' and Rivet Counters
SOMEWHERE IN UPSTATE NEW YORK—Hidden away in the woods, this 34-acre property's location is never disclosed to outsiders. Only select cognoscenti or carefully vetted visitors—sworn to secrecy—know how to get here.
A black-ops training center? A secret bunker? No, it is the clubhouse of Adirondack Live Steamers Inc., a group of 120 or so rail enthusiasts who prefer to ride their 1/8th size steam locomotives—complete with coal-fired boilers and the requisite huffing and puffing—away from prying eyes.
"We are not ever open to the public," says club president Don Buesing, 63, a pleasant, bearlike man with close-cropped white hair. Mr. Buesing notes the original deed of gift for the land included a clause insisting on the "no outsiders" stance.
Another explanation comes from a club member who prefers to remain anonymous: "We just don't want Yuppie couples with their BMWs wandering around here with their kids because they're too cheap to go to Six Flags."
Derailing potential visitors isn't typical of the nation's other 400-plus live steam clubs, where members run their own scale steam locomotives. The clubs have names like the LalaLand Railroad in Hereford, Ariz., the Raspberry Gulch Shortline in Ocklawaha, Fla., and the Dolittle, Seemore & Nap Railroad in Galeton, Pa.
"I can't describe the thrill of opening up the throttle for the first time," says Wayne Singer, 58, a machinist from Ware, Mass., of the 1/8th-size, eight-wheel, gear-driven 1920s-era steam engine he built from scratch.
Hard-core rail fans, the most rabid of whom are known as "foamers" (as in "foaming at the mouth'), are by definition an eccentric lot, prone to an intensity not found in hobbies like, say, woodworking or knitting, and are known for their propensity to document rail history. Foamer joke: "How many foamers does it take to change a light bulb? NO! NO! Not before we get a picture of the old one!"
Precise numbers are hard to come by, but a reasonable estimate of the hard-core rail fan demographic is likely within a whistle stop or two of 100,000, according to several rail wise men, including Matt Van Hattem, senior editor of Trains magazine. The subsets include those who build their own locomotives from scratch, grown men who stake out locomotive factories with telephoto lenses, and armchair rail fans who troll websites like Train Nut Central, which features hundreds of photos of the Erie Railroad.
These folks have moved far beyond the Lionel train-around–the-Christmas tree. Train Mountain Railroad Inc., near Chiloquin, Ore., for instance, has 36 miles of track that wind through 2,200 acres of land in south central Oregon, not far from Crater Lake. On big meet weekends there are up to 150 enthusiasts running upward of 60 trains, scaled to 1/8th size.
Most of Train Mountain's members haul their 400-pound-plus locomotives there by van or truck, though about 50 keep their engines there year-round in sheds to protect them from the Oregon winters. It takes two months each spring to haul away brush and repair tracks and roadbeds from damage done by fallen trees and "little critters that dig holes," says Russ Wood, editor of the Mountain Gazette, the club's newsletter.
At 5 miles an hour, negotiating the system's largest segment (there are 21 alternative routes) can take three hours, out and back. Engineers, who must straddle the locomotives (think large men wearing engineer's caps riding hobby horses) don't like to run the whole 36-mile circuit in one shot. "Your butt will give up," Mr. Wood says.
And like on Amtrak, accidents happen. At a recent East Coast meet, a passenger leaned over too far taking a picture and fell out of a small scale train, cracking a couple of ribs. YouTube has a number of clips of scale trains running off the tracks, falling from elevated trestles or even sinking into the muck of a stream.
Building a scale steam engine from scratch is a long, daunting process, requiring thousands of parts and lots of precision metal work. Adam Madlinger, a chemical engineering graduate of MIT, where he taught "Introduction to Machine Tools," is a self-proclaimed "rivet counter," a hyper-focused detail sort who demands precise duplication of a prototype in every respect.
Mr. Madlinger, 28, spent 10 years building a 1/8th size scale replica of a Nickel Plate Road six-wheeled yard switcher, assembling over 1,000 parts, some of which he made himself, like the bolts. Others he bought from Harold Gorin, who runs a little business selling things like blowdown valves and pipefittings out of his shop in Brookline, Mass. Mr. Gorin, 67, got into steam locomotives because "all the interesting parts are outside and you can see what they do and how they work."
There are big projects. Two full-size 1850s-era engines belonging to the Pine Creek Railroad, a narrow-gauge club in New Jersey, are currently unavailable to be worked on. The six-wheeled locomotives are in 90 feet of water 5 miles off Long Branch, N.J., victims of a schooner collision during a whiteout blizzard in 1854. The club is trying to figure out how to raise the $1.5 million it will cost to bring them up.
Operating steam trains isn't a hobby for the impatient. Loading coal in the firebox, putting the right amount of water in the boiler and waiting for the steam pressure to build up can take up to an hour or more, plus another hour or so after a run to bleed off the valves and let everything cool down. But that doesn't matter to the purists. Says Jim LuBrant, 59, chief mechanical officer of the Pine Creek Railroad: "I'm too old to be having this much fun."
Which may explain why younger rail fans tend to want the instant gratification of a battery- or gasoline-powered diesel. Nor do they have any institutional memory of the steam era itself. Says Mark Landgraf, a civil engineer and longtime member of the Adirondack club: "There's no app for that on their phones."


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Protect your clients' assets and shield their estates from increased taxation brought about by the changing tax code. Understand the tax obligations of trusts and estates and how these obligations affect beneficiaries. This CPE course provides exercises and examples that reflect the calculation and allocation of taxable income and its presentation on the appropriate forms. You will also learn how to prepare Federal Form 1041 and the accompanying schedules.
Key Topics:
Learning Objectives:
This course will prepare you to:
Who Will Benefit?
CPAs, enrolled agents, and financial planners with basic knowledge of federal income tax concepts
Prerequisite: None
Advance Preparation: None


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The big draw of this inn is its location. It offers reasonable rates in the heart of the action. Many sights are within walking distance. You can use city transportation to reach the Grand Ole Opry and Ryman Auditorium. This 204-room inn is comfortable, but basic. Don't expect much more than cable TV in your standard room. Although bargain prices usually mean limited facilities, you'll find a few extras here. There is a swimming pool and exercise room, as well as valet/laundry service. An on-site restaurant serves traditional fare.
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Twin Man diesel engines and Onan generator. Cabin features lush leather seating for entertaining and dining. 3 Staterooms satisfy all your accomodation needs for guest and crew.
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A piece of metal in a construction zone on the Garden State Parkway just north of the Toms River Toll Plaza acted like a can opener this morning, slashing tires and stranding more than a dozen motorists.
At least 15 vehicles had tires flattened in the space of a few minutes, as they drove through a construction zone where shoulders are being restored and lanes widened to address safety concerns on the most accident-prone stretch of the major toll road.
"A metal piece from a bridge joint came loose and was sticking up far enough to puncture the tires of some vehicles that drove over top of it this morning," said Tom Feeney, a spokesman for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, which runs the Parkway and New Jersey Turnpike. "It was on a temporary bridge over Old Freehold Road. The temporary bridge was built by the contractor to carry traffic while they are replacing the permanent structure."
The rash of flat tires happened quickly — between 8:15 and 8:30 a.m. — at mile marker 85.6 on the northbound Parkway in Toms River.
While the reason for the flat tires was different, the incident evoked memories of the 18 cars damaged in February on the Parkway South after a large sinkhole opened near the Driscoll Bridge in Sayreville.
The Turnpike Authority handles damage claims for incidents on the Parkway or Turnpike.
The Parkway is being widened between mile markers 100 in Wall Township and 83 in Toms River, a white-knuckle stretch of narrow road that saw 9,000 accidents and 63 fatalities between 2000 and 2007, officials said. The $330 million construction project began a little over a year ago and is expected to be completed by the end of 2015.
• Parkway's most dangerous stretch gains lane-widening project contract
• The giving trees: Timber sacrificed in project to widen deadliest stretch of Parkway


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Establishing a Root Cause Failure Analysis Program at a Pharma Facility
Corrective actions are implemented to reduce future failures, but resources aren't allocated to identify the root cause on a significant failure; This gap creates the opportunity to implement a RCFA program.09/29/2016
Supply Chains: Beyond Collaboration
What we are seeing now is something beyond collaboration; it's the idea of federated networks09/26/2016
Straightforward Project Management Improves Collaboration
Servier streamlines project management with a web-based PPM Solution09/13/2016
All Hands On Deck: Pharma Meets Packaging Challenges Head-On
Serialization looms large as new technologies prove to be worth their salt09/07/2016
Transparency: A Vital Ingredient for Safe, Effective Medicines
By making the cloud the heart of their networks, companies are adapting quality systems to address supply chain risks09/01/2016
A Look Back at Packaging
Packaging does much more than serve as a place for the label09/01/2016
Be All You Can Be, Daily
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing editors are proud to announce the launch of our newest eNewsletter, Daily Dose08/30/2016
Pharma's Role in Pediatric Medication Adherence
The pharmaceutical industry is well positioned to improve adherence by focusing on formulations, simplified dosing regimens and packaging improvements.08/24/2016
Q&A: Pharma's Evolving Packaging Systems
With Pharma EXPO just two months away, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing discusses the challenges of today's quickly changing packaging systems with Jerry Martin, pharmaceutical and life sciences consultant to PMMI, The Association of Packaging and Processing Technologies.08/24/2016
Lean and Mean: How Does Your Supply Chain Shape Up?
Up to half the cost of many supply chains lurks ignored and unmanaged; much of that cost can be eliminated by applying lean manufacturing techniques.08/24/2016
Innovation in Quality Metrics
The FDA is collaborating with industry to develop a groundbreaking new set of state-of-quality metrics08/16/2016
Key Elements to Consider When Packaging Parenteral Products
With a complete understanding of processes and test methods, sub-visible particles and bacterial endotoxins can be reduced to acceptable levels.08/03/2016
Industrial Internet of Things Primer: Bridge the Gap Between OT and IT
To realize the promise of the Internet of Things, operational technology systems and information technology systems must converge, allowing connection and communication.08/03/2016
Mass Measurement Precision of Small Objects in Pharmaceutical Production
Unlocking the regulations-related advantages when using the new generation of contactless measurement systems07/25/2016
Saving Money at the Loading Dock
Pharma execs and facility managers are constantly exploring all possible ways to tighten their belts and bolster the company's bottom line. A growing number are finding one path to savings runs through an often-overlooked area of their facility's operations – its loading docks.07/25/2016
Ensuring Batch-to-Batch Repeatability in Sanitary Processes
Make sure the pressure transmitters used in your CIP/SIP application are designed for that service.07/25/2016
All-Star Innovators 2016
Pharma's all-star technology leaders are swinging for the fences07/18/2016
The Expanding Role of X-ray Analysis
New techniques are expanding the role of X-ray analytical technologies to range from drug discovery to quality control07/14/2016
Creating Value from Smart Manufacturing
Companies implementing smart manufacturing often find themselves awash in data; manufacturing data store concepts can turn these raw numbers into actionable information07/14/2016
Save Money, Make Money: IT Integration and Data Exchange
By integrating data systems and processes, companies can reduce errors and human touch all the way through a product's lifecycle07/14/2016


text:
- Editors: Françoise Blin Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland , Alex Boulton Université de Lorraine, France , David Barr University of Ulster, UK and Frederik Cornillie University of Leuven, Belgium
- Editorial board
ReCALL is the journal of the European Association for Computer Assisted Language Learning (EUROCALL). It seeks to fulfil the stated aims of EUROCALL as a whole, and more particularly to promote the use of foreign languages within Europe and beyond, providing an international focus for the promulgation of innovative research in the area of computer-assisted language learning and technology-enhanced language learning in education and training.Typical subjects for submissions include theoretical debate on second language acquisition and development in technology-rich learning environments and their influence on design; practical applications at developmental stage; evaluative studies of the use of technology in the teaching and learning process; assessment of the potential of technological advances in the delivery of language learning materials and enactment of language learning activities; exploitation of on-line information systems; and discussions of policy and strategy at institutional and discipline levels. Survey papers are welcome provided that they are timely, up-to-date and well-structured.
Featured content
Other applied linguistics journals from Cambridge
- Journal
- Language Teaching
- Journal
- English Today
- How caregivers combine tactile and linguistic cues
- 19 September 2016,
- Studies have shown that both caregiver touch and speech play an important role in the early development of infants. Research examining early caregiver-infant...
- British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) 2016-Cambridge University Press
- 16 August 2016,
- Cambridge University Press is proud to Sponsor the 49th Annual Meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics hosted by Anglia Ruskin University...
- Why all John's friends are Dutch, not German
- 15 August 2016,
- A genitive construction involving the universal quantifier all, such as All John's friends, is very natural and commonplace in English and Dutch. The same cannot...


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Parliament of Malaysia
Muzium Negara Gallery D
Article 55 of the Federal Constitution stipulates that only Seri Paduka Baginda yang di-Pertuan Agong can call for Parliament to be in session. His Highness also has the special power to end or dissolve the Parliament.
The Federal Parliament is made up of
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Paramount Ruler
- Senate or Dewan Negara
- House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
The senate consists of 70 members. The membership of the Senate is made up of 2 categories
- 26 members elected by the State Legislative Assembly to represent 13 states (each state represented by 2 members)
- 44 members appointed by His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister, including 2 members from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and 1 member from each of the Federal Territories of Labuan and Putrajaya.
The Tenure of office is a 3-year term for a maximum of 2 terms, applicable to both federal and state appointments.
House of Representative
Dewan Rakyat has 219 elected members. A General Election must be held no longer that once every 5 years to elect members of the Dewan Rakyat.
Customarily, a Bill originates in the Dewan Rakyat. Once approved, it is tabled in the Dewan Negara for another round of debate. After that the Bill has to be approved before being presented to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his consent.
The Bill will then be gazetted in the form of Government Gazette. This makes the Bill a law as stated in the Government Gazette.
See Parliament House for more info
Get this very informative book, Understanding the Dewan Rakyat, by The Nut Graph.
Outdoor Exhibits Malay World Museum Aborigines Museum


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Stansport Portable Propane Grill Stove; 203-900
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Product DescriptionOne high-output 12,000 B.T.U. tube burner. 180 sq. inches of cooking surface. Piezo electronic matchless ignition. Non-stick coated cooking grate. Stainless steel drip pan and removable grease tray for easy cleanup. Sturdy wind screens. Size: 12" x 18" x 6". Uses 16.4 oz disposable propane cylinders (not included).


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Monthly Archives: November 2011
Blaming the Play Caller Is the Easy Way Out and Other Points of View
Bears Brad Biggs at the Chicago Tribune give his perspective on the state of Caleb Hanie by drawing this interesting comparison: You can count on Lovie Smith to say one thing at the start of the preseason and the regular season: A team usually … Continue reading
Game Comments: Bears at Raiders 11/27/11
Offense The Raiders came out with eight in the box on first down. No surprise. As usual you want to force the Bears to throw, especially with the inexperienced Caleb Hanie at quarterback. The Raiders also took the standard tack … Continue reading
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The Exact Moment Jay Cutler Was Injured and Other Points of View
Bears The Bears exepct the Raiders to do a great deal of blitzing against the inexperienced Caleb Hanie. According to Sean Jensen at the Chicago Sun-Times, they're pretty good at it: "The Oakland Raiders' defense doesn't distinguish itself in many … Continue reading
Suh's Behavior Is a Simple Reflection of His Coach's Personality
I was not surprised, by what I saw on my screen yesterday from Ndamukong Suh when he repeatedly banged the head of Packers guard Evan Dietrich-Smith into the ground three times and then stomped on him. The debate has been … Continue reading
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The Mind of Caleb Hanie from the Outside Looking In
I'm not always a big fan of the Chicago Tribune's David Haugh. But he's right on point when he says that the moment is unlikely to overwhelm new Bears starting quarterback Caleb Hanie on Sunday. Confidence is not his problem. … Continue reading
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Quick Game Comments: Chargers at Bears
Offense The Chargers didn't mess around and put eight in the box on first down immediately. No surprise. They seem to like playing single coverage and you definitely want to make the Bears beat you through the air. That didn't … Continue reading
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Lovie Smith: Doing More with Less. And Other Points of View
Bears Mike Mulligan at the Chicago Tribune credits defensive backs coach Jon Hoke for disguising coverages more with the Bears. I'm not sure that this was so much Hoke's doing as it is a general recognition by Lovie Smith and … Continue reading
Quick Game Comments: Bears at Eagles
Offense The Eagles started the game playing seven in the box. The Bears came out running effectively against it. To their credit, it didn't take the Eagles long to start dropping the safety into the box to try to stop … Continue reading
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Ndamukong Suh's Performance Doesn't Match Big Mouth and Other Points of View
Bears Former NFL safety Matt Bowen makes some interesting points about the Bears-Eagles matchup on Chicago Tribune Live on CSN: John Mullin at CSN Chicago also makes the point that the key to slowing down the Eagles will be to stop the run. I … Continue reading
Is Matt Forte Getting Good Advice?
Bob LeGere at the Daily Herald comments on Matt Forte's contract situation: "However, I'm beginning to think Forte is getting bad advice by not accepting the Bears' offer for a contract extension. He's not going to get Chris Johnson-type money ($53.5 million for four years … Continue reading
Posted in Chicago Bears Leave a comment