text:
Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit: Aus meinem Leben, which covers the first twenty-five years of his life, ranks among the greatest of autobiographies. His purpose in writing it was is to sketch the personal background of his writings and to exhibit a continuity of personal identity that the fragmentary and occasional nature of his published works might otherwise lead the reader to doubt. The title Dichtung und Wahrheit, a coincidentia oppositorum or coincidence of opposites, is only imperfectly translated as "Poetry and Truth". It confesses that every self-portrait imposes a false coherence on the jumble of history and is inevitably a "Fiktion", although …
Please log in to consult the article in its entirety. If you are a member (student of staff) of a subscribing institution (see List), you should be able to access the LE on campus directly (without the need to log in), and off-campus either via the institutional log in we offer, or via your institution's remote access facilities, or by creating a personal user account with your institutional email address. If you are not a member of a subscribing institution, you will need to purchase a personal subscription. For more information on how to subscribe as an individual user, please see under Individual Subcriptions.
Dye, Ellis. "Dichtung und Wahrheit: Aus meinem Leben". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 19 July 2005
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5651, accessed 30 September 2016.]


text:
BYRON — The Byron Dragway, 7287 River Road, will host Meltdown Drags, a vintage drag meet, from July 18-20.
The event includes racing, car shows, a car giveaway and special guests Ed Iskenderian and Bones Balogh. To race or show a car, register by midnight July 14.
General admission: $15 per day.
For information: meltdowndrags.com.
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ouch! Hehe.
What did the non-primal food consist of?
I have been eating Primal since the end of April, no cheats. Yesterday there was a big family dinner in honour of our neice and her new baby visiting from New Zealand, and the food was not primal. It was amazingly delicious, but so not primal! I ate and enjoyed, who wouldn't on such an occasion, but today I have abdominal cramps, a headache and I feel so tired and sluggish I can barely make it down stairs!
Never ever again!
Ouch! Hehe.
What did the non-primal food consist of?
Take a walk on the wild side.
Rice, potato salad, pastry based fish dish, breadcrumb covered chicken dish (lots of wonderful spices), cake, chocolate, chocolate cake.......
I know I could have eaten the fish and left the pastry but a: it didn't seem the time for being picky with my food and b: it was on my plate and I wanted to eat it
LOL, I wasn't even going to post this because I didn't want to be one of those "OMGIateacrackeramIgoingtodie" people, BUT... on friday -- after a completely grain free week -- I experimented and ate a grilled cheese sandwich for dinner. On purpose. It was yummy! By 9pm my belly stuck out past my boobs and I looked 6months pregnant. No amount of good posture and sucking it in could flatten it. Watching TV on the couch later, I could actually *hear* and feel the gas bubbles moving around. The next morning my bathroom visit was, how do I put it....intense.
My work takes me away from home about one weekend a month, and its a set menu. There's enough on the buffet to eat around the grains, but sometimes a girl wants a piece of pumpkin spice cake or the to-die-for fruit crumble. And I haven't asked what they use to thicken the Coconut Curry Thai Chicken soup. I don't sweat it. I know the more non-primal I eat that weekend, the longer it will take my system to recover.
My point is, you're not imagining the effects. Until you stop eating grains and start feeling great, you have no idea how crappy you felt before. And it does't take much to remind you
*My obligatory intro
There are no cheat days. There are days when you eat primal and days you don't. As soon as you label a day a cheat day, you're on a diet. Don't be on a diet. ~~ Fernaldo
DAINTY CAN KISS MY PRIMAL BACKSIDE. ~~ Crabcakes
Last time I ate flour on a chicken fried steak I began belching an hour later and awoke the next morning with my eyes puffy.
I just wish I'd known this about wheat/grains a long time ago. When I was a kid I always seemed to be stuffed up during winter (was even put on meds at one point but quit because they didn't let me sleep at night). Then later I developed this chronic need to clear my throat and have had that for a least 35 years. Since going primal/paleo that chronic need has cleared up.
Would I be putting a grain-feed cow on a fad diet if I took it out of the feedlot and put it on pasture eating the grass nature intended?
Every time I venture off of Primal for a cheat day or whatnot, I always regret it. I always feel like crap the next day.
I can eat some cheat, I had no effect from a large chocolate brownie or 3 but a pint of good apple cider or a horn of mead and whoo man you can hear the belly thunder across the room. A toasted bagel was a cheat a few weeks ago and yeah bleah the next day. I suspect I am more reactive to sugar in my diet than to other carbs.
Primal since April 2012 Male 6' 3" SW 345lbs CW 240lbs GW 220lbs and when I get there I am getting a utlikilt. This one http://www.utilikilts.com/company/pr...ilts/workmans/ actually.
Join me at www.paleoplanet.net, where all the cavemen hang out.


text:
Floor your partner with your moves
Find out how dancing can bring you closer to your partner. We list reasons why you should sign up for a dance class together.
Dating advice dictates that you mirror your partner's moves to get them to notice you. However, you would be surprised to know that the same rule also applies to rekindling romance on the dance floor. If you and your partner feel that the spark that existed has died out, don't despair try and rekindle that flame with some passionate dancing, which can go a long way in improving your relationship.
Listed below are reasons why you should sign up with your dance partner.
Bond over the dance floor
Most couples get into a routine once they have tied the knot, dinner on the couch in front of the Tv set with little or no communication is a common sight. So, the key to rekindling romance is to break the cycle of boredom and do something new and different. Dancing can give you the opportunity to spend quality time with each other and the proximity on the dance floor can help in getting you closer.
Have fun
A couple that laughs together stays together. Signing up for a dance class with your partner can be a lot of fun, especially if both of you are open to trying something new, and not afraid of not getting it right at the first go. Stamping each other's feet and elbowing each other while trying to master a complicated move may sound painful, but if you use your sense of humour to laugh at your mistakes instead of being critical it will only strengthen the bond you too share.
Getting close in each other's arms
Dancing is one of the most intimate and romantic thing that you and your partner can do together. As your bodies sway to the beats, you are bound to feel a physical and emotional connect that can help reignite that dying spark.
A test in patience
Taking a dance class together will teach you a lot about patience. Couple dancing can be tough if there is no co-ordination, communication, patience and understanding between partners. Hence, a dance class can help you understand each other's weaknesses, accept them for what they are and help you move ahead together so that you can own the dance floor together.


text: Well, for your first problem, you have to aim your passes with the control stick, not just press A. Then if you do know where the ball is, you'll pass to the right character. The best way to score is to get one of your sidekicks and hold B when your in range. They will then perform a special shot and if you're close enough, they most likely will score.


text:
The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is required to watch this video.
Please click on the link below to download the latest version. Thanks!
The Texas State Board of Education will vote Friday on a resolution aimed at restraining publishers from printing social studies textbooks with a clear bias for Islam and against Christianity.
The action comes after some Texas conservatives claimed that several textbooks lessons on the Crusades conveyed the message that Christians are "violent attackers" and Muslims are "empire builders."
"Diverse reviewers have repeatedly documented gross pro-Islamic, anti-Christian distortions in social studies texts," reads a preliminary draft of the resolution, which would not be binding on future boards that will choose the state's next generation of textbooks.
Imam Islam Mossaad of the Austin Islamic Center has called such charges "preposterous." "All that the students should receive is a fair characterization of the facts," he said.
However, Jonathan Saenz, legislative affairs director of The Liberty Institute, supports the resolution which calls the texts too politically correct.
"We don't want imbalance, and we don't want religious discrimination in our textbooks," he said.
"This is a way for the State Board of Education to be proactive and give the textbook publishers some heads up...to make sure that this doesn't happen again the way it did 10 years ago with some of the Texas textbooks," Saenz told One News Now.
Texas Board Approves Conservative CurriculumVote on Texas Textbook Could Impact Nation
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Are you seeking answers in life? Are you hurting? Are you facing a difficult situation?
Find peace with God, discover more about God or send us your prayer request.
Call The 700 Club Prayer Center at 1 (800) 823-6053, 24 hours a day.
A caring friend will be there to pray with you in your time of need.
CBN News is a national/international, nonprofit news organization that provides programming by cable, satellite, and the Internet, 24-hours a day. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+.
More Info


text:
Discussion Forum
Discussion Forum
Bug Reports
Strategy and Tips
While playing a game, press V, move diagonally into an opponent's city, and press [Enter]. Then, the city's productivity may be altered or units disbanded.
While playing a game, enter any of the following codes to activate each cheat:
In the Civilization II folder, open file "RULES.TXT", you will be able to modify the rules of the game.
While in cheat mode hold CTRL and press v to edit throne room!
You can build roads and railroads on the ocean. Get a settler or and engineer into a vessel, go to the position in which you would like to build the road or railroad. Press R. You will gain the benefits of having roads and railroads on the ocean of extra trade.
Codes Below are for PlayStation Version of Civilization II
Enter "_CasH" as a town name while holding R1 when entering the capital H.
When you chose you tribe go to romans and press Circle, Triangle, R1, R2, L1, L2, L2, L1, R1, R1, R1
Got a cheat for Civilization II? Submit it to CivFanatics and we'll post it here!


text:
The Nadi Yoga Mat is the only eco-friendly yoga mat that stays rolled with help from magnets just like your iPads smart cover!
57 backers pledged $15,191 to help bring this project to life.
Successfully raised $15,191 with 57 backers
Thank You Backers!!!!
We are up to $2,500 thanks to all of your support. Thank you for helping to spread the word about the Nadi Yoga Mat so we can fund this project.... Read more
t-shirt designs
Here is a preview of the"Get Nadi" Kickstarter t-shirt. They will be high quality fitted shirts, available in black or white, in sizes S-XXL. Thanks again for all of your... Read more
Project launched


text:
Nico Kadel-Garcia wrote:
> Take the disk out. Install the OS on another machine, and put the disk
> back.
> Also, *do not* use the latest bleeding edge kernels unless you are
> prepared to bleed. We appreciate the guys who take the cuts and blunt
> the sharp bits for the rest of us, but most of us don't have that many
> bandaids.[/color]
..... and ensure detection of the target machine's is successful,
or satisfy the configuration manually :)
Michael J. Tobler: motorcyclist, surfer, # Black holes result
skydiver, and author: "Inside Linux", # when God divides the
"C++ HowTo", "C++ Unleashed" # universe by zero


text:
Derek Rydall's Emergineering
"Quantum Planning"
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If you're not a member, please click
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Terms, Policies and Disclaimer By law we have to write this stuff and so we think it's pretty important. We don't believe in get rich programs - only in hard work, adding value and serving others. While we guarantee your satisfaction and the quality of all our programs, as stipulated by law we can not and do not guarantee your results and we openly share all of our terms, policies and disclaimers. It's important you read these disclaimers because by registering you agree that we are not promising future earnings; that your results in life are up to you; that you will not go out and train our material; that you release us from any liability or claims associated with this or any of our programs and promotions; and that you understand we do not offer any legal, medical, tax or other professional advice. It's all the regular legal mumbo jumbo but we feel transparency is important and we hold ourselves (and you) to a high standard of integrity.
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text:
SCISS - Salvadore Sciss, Lawrenceville, 11 a.m. today, Buckheit's, 637 S. Main St., Mansfield. Visitation 10 to 11 a.m.
BOATMAN - Jacque Lou Boatman, Muncy, 10 a.m. Tuesday, Pleasant View Wesleyan Church, 994 E. Penn St., Muncy. Visitation 7 to 9 p.m. tonight, Grenoble's, 121 S. Main St., Muncy.
VROMAN - William L. Vroman, Culpeper, Va., 10 a.m. Tuesday, Morris United Methodist Church, 1990 State Highway 287, Morris.
DUNN - Nellie A. Dunn, Danville, 10:30 a.m. Tuesday, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, 100 Walnut St., Montoursville. Visitation 3 to 6 p.m. tonight, Crouse's, 133 E. Third St.
KEFALAS - Thomas S. Kefalas Sr., city, 11 a.m. Tuesday, Spitler's, 733 Broad St., Montoursville. Visitation 10 to 11 a.m.
KRCIK - Anna Krcik, formerly of Blossburg, 1 p.m. Wednesday, St. Joseph Cemetery, Morris Run.
GEHMAN -Kenneth Gehman, Shunk, 1 p.m. Saturday, Shunk United Methodist Church, Shunk. Luncheon to follow at Endless Winds Fire Hall.
SHELLEY - Donald E. Shelley, 2 p.m. Saturday, Salladasburg United Methodist Church, 404 Main St., Salladasburg.
GLEASON - Edward G. Gleason, Wellsboro, 2 p.m. Sunday, Bakercrest, 76 Bakercrest Lane, Millerton.
HANLEY - Francis B. Hanley, Eagles Mere, 12:30 p.m. Oct. 27, Eagles Mere Community Church. Visitation 11 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
YASUI - Robert S. Yasui, 2 p.m. Oct. 27, Pine Street United Methodist Church, 441 Pine St. Reception to follow.
FREY - Leona Frey, Shunk, 11 a.m. Nov. 10, Shunk Methodist Church.


text:
|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Arcade
Big Bad Booty Daddy
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Comments Thread For: Cotto on Camacho: I remember him as a great champ
The past year has watched boxing lose significant pieces of its rich history with the passing of several ring legends.
Hector Camacho was the most recent member of the boxing fraternity to receive an honorary 10-count. The former three-division champ was taken off life support on November 24, four days after being fatally shot in his native Puerto Rico.
The wounds still run deep worldwide. The boxing-rich island which he proudly represented is still reeling from the loss. Among them is Miguel Cotto, who was forced to hear the news while putting the finishing touches on training camp for his December 1 showdown with Austin Trout.
[Click Here To Read More]
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Camacho was a human just like everyone and like human he was he made few error in his life just like everybody,the diference was that he was a star,macho with his style change the game and was a great boxer and a 3 diferent weight champ and not everybody can do that............r.i.p hector macho camacho[seguuuudooo]
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Commemorative Camacho Trunks would be good for Saturday's fight.
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Macho Camacho Had More Ballz Than Mayweather; Macho Would've Fought Pacquiao In A Sec
Macho Camacho would have been a helluva fight with Pacquiao. Macho wouldn't have wasted a second signing that fight. Floyd Junior is more of a puzzy hand picking opponents. Floyd Junior is not the fighter Camacho was.
Lords of Boxingscene
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Rest in Peace Campeón!
Guerra Cotto!
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A big win for cotto will be a great tribute for camacho R.I.P champ
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I'll remember Camacho as a tough SOB. He had balls of steel and heart unlike homos today like Cotto, Quintana, and Dulorme. Camacho just died and is already turning in his grave at this faggotry. SMH.
El Intocable Bass Machine
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Some clowns don't appreciate Camacho because he was flashy, but the man had extraordinary skill and incredible heart. To this day Chávez, who rarely hides his dislike for several PR fighters, speaks very highly of Camacho, not only because of skill, but because of heart also. If someone who was once an enemy can see this I don't see why there have to be trolls trying to discredit Camacho after his death. I saw some Youtube comments the other night and they were pathetic and disrespectful.
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I first heard of him when he put together a string of about 4-5 successive KOs against top opposition. He was described as a blazing comet-in a strictly political newspaper which never reported on boxing. I remember I was living in the Middle-East and I think he was the 130 lb. champ.
Last edited by edgarg; 11-27-2012 at 01:14 AM. Reason: typo
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text:
Every Shabbat is special, but at NFTY Convention, 1,200 teens, staff, and youth professionals all gathered together to celebrate a beautiful evening together.
Posted on 14 February 2015.
Every Shabbat is special, but at NFTY Convention, 1,200 teens, staff, and youth professionals all gathered together to celebrate a beautiful evening together.
Posted in NC15Comments (0)
Posted on 06 February 2015.
On Thursday, January 15, we were invited to speak alongside URJ President, Rabbi Rick Jacobs, and HUC-JIR President, Rabbi Aaron Panken, at the Open House Reception of the URJ Youth Team's stunning new offices. It was an amazing opportunity to meet so many amazing leaders in the Reform movement and celebrate the team behind the URJ's groundbreaking youth programs. It was an honor to be able to give our thoughts at the event. The following are our remarks:
Posted in NFTY-NAR, Campaign for Youth EngagementComments (0)
Posted on 05 January 2015.
During my NFTY experience, one prominent factor has been present throughout: hugging. It's a physical sign of the mishpacha, the family, we have formed together. NFTY Convention 2013 was no exception. I hugged my sister when we finally landed in LA after five hours of traveling, three time zones, and one layover. I hugged someone I'd never met before in the airport and who I couldn't stop talking to on the bus. Amidst joyous reunions at the hotel, I hugged my friends from NFTY-PAR, HUC weekends, Kutz, and all the other friends I'd made at URJ programs over the years.
Posted in NC15Comments (0)
Posted on 20 December 2011.
The last Biennial I attended was in 2007 in San Diego. I did not know what to expect of Biennial and could not imagine just what thousands of Reform Jews looked like.
Posted in NFTY in Israel, Campaign for Youth Engagement, NFTY Leaders Assembly at Biennial, Youth Highlights, NFTY North AmericaComments (1)
Posted on 01 November 2011.
Mazal tov to NFTY Life Member and Kutz Camp 45th Anniversary Honoree and alumna Cantor Ellen Dreskin. Ellen has been appointed the Coordinator of the Debbie Friedman School of Sacred Music Cantorial Certification Program at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. Ellen has been a vibrant part of the NFTY and Kutz communities for more than thirty years. Originally posted by Hebrew Union College — Jewish Institute of Religion Cantor Ellen Dreskin (SSM '86) has been appointed Coordinator of the Debbie Friedman School of Sacred Music Cantorial Certification Program. Cantor Bruce Ruben, Director of the Debbie Friedman […]
Posted in Press, URJ Kutz CampComments (0)


text: Business Paper Mill Reopening On Wash. Coast Is Cause For Celebration HOQUIAM, Wash. – Nearly 300,000 people in Washington are still unemployed and looking for work. But there was reason to celebrate Monday in coastal Grays Harbor County – where the unemployment rate is tied for the highest in the state. A shuttered paper mill there recently roared back to life. With it came 175 jobs. It was a party atmosphere inside the long, narrow shipping warehouse at Harbor Paper. Several hundred people milled about as dignitaries, including Governor Chris Gregoire, mounted a makeshift stage.


text:
We didn't offer Russian I this year because my numbers in German were surprisingly high. As it is, I'm doing this little Russian II class during my planning period. If the preliminary German numbers are lower
next year, we'll try to put Russian I back in the mix.
I teach all four levels in one
class in one semseter. 2nd yr. repeats
first yr. material w/grading adjustment.
3rd/4th year amounts to a facilitated
independednt study, including translating
articles from R to E from online sources. I
supplement the book with my own materials
for every lesson -- this is a necessity!
They do one big culture project per yr.
(e.g., geography, leaders, writers, etc.)
We have a great time. I've taken four trips
to Russia ('92, '94, '96, and ''98).
Please note the new e-mail address!
It's kind of lonely being the only Russian teacher in the midstate!
I'd love to find out what other schools are doing, texts they're
using, etc.
enrollment numbers: census form indicates students are enrolled
in levels k-5, 6, Level I and Level II, but no numbers given.
web address given as: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
MPA NEWS Vol. 8, No. 6 December 2006/January 2007
In an Era of Climate Change, How Can Managers Ensure that Today's MPAs Remain Relevant Over Time?
MPA Perspective The Sea Search Partnership:
A Community-Based Monitoring Program for MPAs in Victoria, Australia
By Rebecca Koss, Anthony Boxshall, and Peter Brown
Results from the MPA News Reader Poll: The Relationship between MPAs and Ecosystem-Based Management
Notes & News:
Scaling up MPAs - Canada - Australia - Victoria - Knowledge synthesis - Sharing lessons - EMPAS project
Dear reader:
This issue of MPA News covers the months of December 2006 and January 2007, allowing our staff a year-end holiday. In February, our regular monthly delivery will resume.
IN AN ERA OF CLIMATE CHANGE, HOW CAN MANAGERS ENSURE THAT TODAY'S MPAs REMAIN RELEVANT OVER TIME?
The oceans offer increasing evidence that global climate change is underway. Sea surface temperature is rising, while polar sea-ice is retreating. Coral reefs are suffering from severe bleaching events. Amid these and other phenomena - as well as the growing number of disturbing scientific forecasts on the effects of climate change on marine systems - MPA practitioners may feel somewhat helpless. Already faced with the day-to-day challenges of MPA management, many practitioners are simply not addressing the long-term issue of climate change in a focused, meaningful way.
The ultimate answer to the climate-change challenge is, of course, beyond MPA managers' control: that is, a global commitment to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. But even if drastic reductions were made right now, it is still likely that climate change would continue through this century before finally reversing course, according to forecasters. For MPA managers to ignore the problem in the meantime will not make it disappear.
By taking a proactive approach to the challenge of climate change, MPA practitioners can best ensure that their sites may withstand change over time. This month, MPA News posed a question to several experts:
In the coming decades, global climate change could have significant impacts on the oceans: sea surface warming, coral bleaching, sea level rise, acidification, pole-ward shifting of habitats, and the possibility of species extinctions. The oceans could look quite different in 50 or 100 years. With this in mind, what can MPA planners and managers do to help ensure that today's MPAs - which are necessary for protecting today's biodiversity - are still relevant half a century from now?Their responses, below, are in their words. Additional responses - from Rod Salm, Jerker Tamelander, Kristina Gjerde, and Graeme Kelleher - are available on the MPA News website at http://depts.washington.edu/mpanews/climate.htm.
* Three challenges for MPA managers *
Paul Marshall, manager, Climate Change Response Programme, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Climate change is a serious and imminent threat to marine ecosystems. The ability of MPA management to adapt to climate change will be critical to the future of these systems, including the social and economic services that they provide.
There are at least three key challenges that need to be met if MPAs are to be still relevant half a century from now.
First, climate change acts cumulatively and synergistically to increase risk of damage and decrease recovery potential, making it even more difficult for MPAs to achieve their current goals. This risk will increase with the rate and extent of climate change. MPA management must accommodate this new reality by actively supporting climate change mitigation efforts through awareness raising and advocacy. Managers also will need to increase the effectiveness of efforts to manage activities and stresses that could exacerbate the impacts of climate change, such as water quality, fishing, and habitat damage. These efforts must extend beyond MPA boundaries.
Second, climate change will result in further degradation to marine ecosystems in the course of this century, making sites that are naturally resistant to climate-related stresses increasingly valuable to ecosystem resilience. These refugia, especially if they have the potential to be sources of propagules for recovery of damaged areas, will warrant especially effective management to protect them from other threats.
Third, MPA management needs to be adapted to explicitly accommodate the inherent, and increasingly variable, dynamic of marine ecosystems. Climate change alters the disturbance regime for natural systems, increasing the imperative for management goals to focus on process (e.g., recruitment success, algal removal rates) in addition to state (e.g., coral abundance, density of fish).
Climate change is resulting in unprecedented pressures on marine ecosystems and their management. It also has the potential to make MPAs more relevant than ever, if MPA managers can adapt to the challenge of climate change.
* MPAs as observatories of change *
Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, coordinator, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas - Marine, Mediterranean Group, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com
We are asked to think globally and act locally. But when it comes to climate change, there is not much that MPA practitioners might feel they can do to address the problem from within the boundaries (often very limited) of the areas of their remit. However, considering that climate change is caused by human actions, and that human actions are affected by policy, MPAs are privileged observatories from where natural phenomena related to change can be observed, studied, and communicated to policymakers, to the media, and to the wider public. Protected areas can thus act as tools to drive policy change, and can contribute to slowing down and eventually reversing the problem at its origin. Monitoring is an integral part of management, and in the vast oceans' expanses it is within MPAs that regular monitoring is most likely to take place.
Years ago, oblivious to the raging human controversy on whether climate was changing or not, thermophilic fishes in the Mediterranean had already started their northward expansion, which was first spotted from within MPAs. A large international protected area for cetaceans established in the NW Mediterranean, known as the Pelagos Sanctuary, was built around a permanent front that supports large amounts of northern krill. Should climate change significantly affect krill numbers, this will in turn cause population changes in the cetaceans that occur there to feed. Having a specially protected area for cetaceans on-site is the best guarantee that someone will notice and blow the whistle.
* Species translocation, dynamic reserves *
Russ Babcock, biologist, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
In a world in which climate is rapidly changing, and where species distributions are likely to change as well, there is more need than ever for a truly global network of reserves to make these movements possible. A global network of reserves would need to be based on connectivity at both the level of adults and propagules. Where species are unable to cope with change rapidly enough, they may need to be translocated. This poses huge scientific and ethical questions (i.e., Will we just make things worse?). The science needed to underpin this network is highly challenging and will need to be undertaken at a massive scale to better understand movement patterns of organisms in natural and unnatural conditions, as well as the ways in which currents affect their dispersal. Reserve networks need to be set up in such a way that they can best act as appropriate stepping stones. Decisions on their location may also be informed by downscaled global climate models that will help predict local responses of the ocean in terms of temperature, currents, wind, upwellings, and coastal factors such as waves and terrestrial runoff.
Dynamic reserves, shifting with climate at an appropriate rate, may need to be part of the solution. As sea level rises, the shape of the coastline will change, creating new habitats, and impact on current environmental quality in both negative and positive ways. We must know how these processes will affect reserves. With rising sea levels there will be a massive panic to armor coastlines and preserve real estate. Reserves can also provide a mechanism to try and preserve our natural coastlines. This may require a re-thinking of the land/sea interface in terms of what we mean by a marine reserve.
* Integrating marine and coastal protected areas *
Tundi Agardy, executive director, Sound Seas, USA. E-mail: email@example.com
I do not believe we can be proactive enough to think about futuristic plans that involve anticipating a climate-changed environment and siting MPAs in areas that may be important to protect in the future. This is partly because our predictive capability is quite small; partly because our understanding of resilience is still quite limited; and partly because I cannot imagine generating the necessary political will to protect anything but those areas screaming for protection today.
However, I do think the realities of climate change and its potential to significantly change marine ecosystems really underscore the need for MPA planners to do a much better job of thinking about the land/sea interface, and working with land-use planners to design MPA networks that fully span marine, riverine, and coastal land areas in highly strategic ways. Design of such integrated networks would allow greater flexibility for adaptive management as sea levels rise. It would also allow coastal managers to better address heretofore underemphasized issues of land-based sources of pollution and the conservation of estuarine nursery areas and other significant habitats throughout watersheds.
In addition, the prospect of severe climate change behooves us to do a much better job of managing the MPAs we already have. There is little question that healthier ecosystems are better able to withstand the stresses caused by warming, rapid sea-level rise, changes in precipitation patterns and pollutant loading, and altered chemical composition.
* Managing for ecological resilience *
Lizzie Mcleod, co-author (with Rod Salm), Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change (http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2006-041.pdf), USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
MPA planners can take direct actions to address climate change threats, specifically coral bleaching. At The Nature Conservancy, our core strategy to address climate change in tropical seas is to design networks of marine protected areas that are resilient to change. Key approaches include mitigating human impacts on reefs (e.g., pollution, sedimentation, destructive fishing) because healthy reefs are better able to respond to climate stress. Further, controlling land-based sedimentation and other sources of pollution are important mechanisms to help maintain water quality and reef health. MPA planners need to link with land-use planners and ICM programs to address land-based impacts.
MPA planners and managers can incorporate representative samples of the full range of habitat types into MPA design. These habitat types can be replicated to spread the risk of losing any one type from a disturbance. Managers can monitor herbivores that control macroalgae and manage fisheries to maintain optimal conditions for coral settlement on reefs where algae can outcompete the coral larvae for settlement space. Managers can also identify and fully protect coral communities that are resilient to climate change impacts. Finally, they can develop flexible MPA management strategies and boundaries to enable adaptation of MPA design and management to accommodate altering conditions caused by climate change.
* Managing for social resilience *
Heidi Schuttenberg, co-author (with Paul Marshall), A Reef Manager's Guide to Coral Bleaching (http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/reef_managers_guide/). E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Managing for ecological and social resilience recognizes that a process of uncertain change is underway, and aims to support the ability of the environment and dependent human communities to absorb shocks, regenerate, and reorganize so as to maintain key functions and processes. Rather than having a goal of maintaining circumstances as they are today, managing for resilience emphasizes protecting the factors that allow recovery after disturbance events. Additionally, this strategy recognizes that the future may be determined by unexpected changes, and it values the ability to be responsive to surprises.
On the social side, actions can be taken to support the human communities that depend on marine environments, such as fishers and tourism operators. Changes in resource condition are likely to cause changes in resource use patterns. Engaging with stakeholders during this reorganization will allow managers to build alliances, knowledge, and influence that can assist in effectively adapting management regimes to the new circumstances. Managers and resource users may wish to develop a climate change action plan that could include strategies for supporting ecological resilience, diversifying economic activities, enhancing human resource skills, making investments in capital and technology, or reworking related government policies. As climate change makes life less predictable, such cooperative, adaptive approaches may be essential to achieving responsive, effective MPA planning and management.
* Factors allowing for resistance to climate change *
Tim McClanahan, biologist, Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya. E-mail: email@example.com
The question is, what factors are likely to give sites the ability to resist climate change? In nearshore areas, these are moderately high background temperature and light variation, and reduced wind-driven water flow. These factors allow organisms to acclimate such that rare disturbances are not beyond their limits to acclimation. There are some areas where oceanographic factors result in sites that are not experiencing increases in water temperature, and these include some permanent (not seasonal) upwelling or high equatorial current-speed areas.
* Canada's strategy for MPA planning amid change *
Doug Yurick, chief, Marine Program Unit, Parks Canada. E-mail: email@example.com
As one among several nations that have established comparatively few MPAs to date, a more relevant question for Canada is how climate change should be factored into its planning for an expanding MPA network. The need to exercise this opportunity is underscored by Canada's geographic setting as a mid- to high-latitude nation where climate change is already having noticeable effects, particularly in the Arctic. Rapid, on-going changes in the extent and seasonal duration of Arctic sea ice have been well-documented, and predictive models point to acceleration of these trends. Such climate-induced changes will affect not only the natural variability of marine ecosystems, including pole-ward range shifts for example, but the nature and extent of human uses of these northern waters as well. Therefore, planning a network of MPAs requires consideration of both the biogeographic and socio-economic changes that may impinge on marine biodiversity.
Such considerations are being taken into account. As a member of the Arctic Council that links all nations bordering on the Arctic Ocean, Canada is a participant in the Arctic Marine Strategic Plan (http://www.pame.is) that includes the establishment of MPAs in the Arctic Ocean among shared objectives. Domestically, under Canada's Federal Marine Protected Areas Strategy (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters-eauxcan/infocentre/publications/docs/fedmpa-zpmfed/index_e.asp#toc), the three federal MPA agencies are developing a collaborative approach to MPA network design - one that will blend their distinct mandates, and those of provincial and territorial governments, to achieve an effective network of MPAs. This network will embrace the protection of biodiversity "hotspots" and critical yet separated life-stage habitats, especially those of keystone species. Other components will achieve broad representation of biodiversity within MPA boundaries, and replication and connectivity (particularly north-south) across the network will be objectives as a safeguard against climate change. Equally important, effective planning and management of this network will require integration into broad oceans management; monitoring programs to detect, assess and respond adaptively to change; and an expanded program to develop and sustain public awareness.
* MPAs as showcases for sustainable living *
Sibylle Riedmiller (project director) and Eleanor Carter (former project manager), Chumbe Island Coral Park Ltd., Zanzibar. E-mail: email@example.com and email@example.com
MPAs need to spearhead discussions and management of climate change locally, including through eco-technology and awareness raising. While tropical MPAs are typically located in areas that contribute few if any emissions causing climate change, their visitors often come from countries that are the main "culprits" - the US and Europe in particular. Therefore, to increase the political constituency for lifestyle change there, MPAs should actively promote environmental awareness among visitors, with on-site showcasing of eco-technology (renewable energy, waste, and water management) as well as exhibits of any visible damage or trends from climate change, based on monitoring findings. Our experiences with guests on Chumbe Island are that they are amazed how "simple" zero-emission guest facilities can be, without sacrificing comfort and beauty. MPAs should also offer environmental education for local governments and people, who often aspire to having energy-wasting "consumerist" lifestyles.
* Be open to a variety of management options *
Nik Lopoukhine, chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Canada. E-mail: email@example.com
We should be open to a variety of options as we plan for the future. With such an approach, we can expect that at least some solutions will prove to be more successful than others.
First, our existing protected areas may be vulnerable to change, and I would suggest that efforts on expanding existing MPAs would be a good start. We need many more marine protected areas than our current dismal numbers.
As we focus on increasing the number of MPAs, we have an opportunity to address potential change. Our approach to conservation planning needs to take into account the best predictions of change and focus on possible implications of climate change. It would be beneficial to create MPAs that anticipate future biodiversity concentrations, as caused by shifts in ocean currents, upwellings, or estuaries. We need to envision the implications of rising sea levels on salt marshes and try to capture as many of the newly created marine life nurseries as possible.
How do we do this? A critical step is to continue to invest in the modeling of change and shifts in biodiversity. In parallel, we must remain committed to convincing fisheries authorities that MPAs are a necessity for the future of their industry. Likewise, fishers and local communities dependent on marine life for their livelihoods must be recruited to be the advocates for future MPAs. If there are no drivers beyond the conservation movement, the above planning ideas will be irrelevant musings.
* Using MPAs to monitor change *
Einar Svendsen, chair, Oceanography Committee, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
MPAs cannot by themselves protect against global climate change. However, it might be an idea to monitor the effect of global warming by ruling out anthropogenic effects through the use of MPAs. If so, MPAs need to be set up in areas where all anthropogenic effects (including long-distance transport of contaminants) are assumed to be negligible. These areas must have a size/scale assumed to be right for studying expected effects (such as species composition, production, and reproduction).
For conservation of fish stocks, it is important to know the fish migration
in and out of the MPAs, which may change significantly due to changing
climate. If we can anticipate how stocks might change their spawning
and/or nursery grounds with respect to climate change, it might be an idea
to set up long-term MPAs in today's spawning/nursery grounds and the anticipated
spawning/nursery grounds to monitor the transition due to climate.
|BOX: Recent publications on climate change
Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, October 2006.
Produced for the UK government by Nicholas Stern, former chief economist
at the World Bank.
"ITMEMS3 Statement on Coral Reefs and Climate Change", October 2006.
Approved by attendees of the Third International Tropical Marine Ecosystems
Management Symposium (ITMEMS3), Cozumel, Mexico.
"Dropping pH in the Oceans Causing a Rising Tide of Alarm", November
2006. Authored by Tundi Agardy and published in The W2O Observer
Editor's note: Rebecca Koss, with The People and Parks Foundation, is project officer for Sea Search, the program described in the following essay. Anthony Boxshall is manager of marine national parks research for Parks Victoria. Peter R. Brown is chief executive officer of The People and Parks Foundation.
MPA Perspective
THE SEA SEARCH PARTNERSHIP: A COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING PROGRAM FOR MPAs IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
By Rebecca Koss, Anthony Boxshall, and Peter Brown
Sea Search is a community-based monitoring program for the system of 24 marine national parks and marine sanctuaries in the state of Victoria, Australia. The program teaches volunteers and school groups how to identify and monitor marine flora and fauna in their local MPAs. Through this "citizen science" approach, Sea Search generates useful data for protected area management while fostering greater environmental awareness and stewardship in the surrounding population.
Launched in 2004, the program is directed by The People and Parks Foundation (an Australian NGO) and sponsored by Parks Victoria and ExxonMobil. Its monitoring protocols - which focus on intertidal rock platforms, subtidal reefs, and seagrass beds - were designed by Deakin University in conjunction with community groups, ensuring a user-friendly set of methods that require no prior scientific knowledge. The Sea Search procedures are published as part of the Parks Victoria Technical Series, and are available on the program website at http://www.seasearch.org.au.
Community and school groups work with Parks Victoria rangers and a Sea Search project officer to collect seasonal data in their local MPA and at nearby control sites. The data contribute to management planning, and will be added soon to a centralized database with links to management agency data. Through this database, community volunteers will be able to track changes in their local park over time. This "ownership" of the data by community groups helps increase their sense of responsibility for the site (i.e., the need to collect high-quality data) and their skills (in scientific techniques and identification), while fostering passion for the marine environment, self-esteem, and social connections within their local community.
Furthermore, the program's partnership among Parks Victoria, ExxonMobil, Deakin University, and The People and Parks Foundation emphasizes to community members that Sea Search - and, by extension, their participation in it - is considered important and valued in state government as well as by corporate sponsors. The state's 24 MPAs were designated in November 2002 and cover 5.3% of state coastal waters (MPA News 4:7).
Challenges and Lessons Learned
The creation of any environmental monitoring program entails challenges. Community-based monitoring programs such as Sea Search automatically include an additional dimension of social agendas. To ensure the program meets the goals of park management and community groups, we have found it important to address the following issues:
1. The program must be real for the management agency and other partners, with clear objectives and responsibilities: volunteers will see through token programs immediately. The agency must explain what questions it wants answered, and how data collected by community groups will be integrated into management goals and projects.
2. The commitment from institutional partners must more than match the volunteer's commitment in terms of money, time, or other considerations. Volunteers should not be treated as a "free workforce" to meet agency ends and requirements, and their contributions should be valued and acknowledged by project and agency staff.
3. Monitoring methods must be scientifically robust to be useful, and should complement other data. It may be a waste of time collecting data that are incompatible with existing datasets. The methods must have acceptability among scientific peers.
4. Monitoring methods must be relatively easy for volunteers to apply. Feedback from volunteer trials is invaluable for creating user-friendly techniques.
5. Community groups will generally require agency support (logistical and financial) to assist with collection and maintenance of the data. The agency should also supply monitoring equipment to community groups - who generally cannot afford the out-of-pocket expenses required to complete monitoring surveys - and continually maintain that equipment. Volunteers become frustrated when equipment does not work.
6. Training in identification of marine flora and fauna is a must for community groups. Without it, volunteers will be unable to collect data correctly. In addition, ongoing data-quality assurance is vital for the program to be successful.
7. Engagement of corporate sponsors encourages social responsibility on the part of these corporations, and can facilitate opportunities for their employees to become active volunteers for the monitoring program.
8. This type of community monitoring program requires a project officer to work with agency staff and serve as a point of contact for volunteers. This person liaises between organizations; organizes the monitoring surveys with community groups and agencies; provides on-the-ground administrative presence during the surveys; offers support to volunteers through training and identification; and manages daily administration of the program.
For more information:
Rebecca Koss, The People and Parks Foundation, c/o Level 10, 535 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Web: www.seasearch.org.au
Anthony Boxshall, Parks Victoria, 10/535 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. Tel: +61 3 8627 4859; E-mail: email@example.com
Peter R. Brown, The People and Parks Foundation, c/o Level 10,
535 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. Tel: +61 3 8627 4732;
E-mail: email@example.com
RESULTS FROM THE MPA NEWS READER POLL: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MPAs AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT
The October 2006 edition of MPA News featured an article on the role of MPAs in ecosystem-based management (EBM), and vice versa. We invited readers to participate in a short online poll on the subject, with the goal of measuring baseline attitudes on the relationship between these management measures.
Several dozen readers from around the world participated in the poll - thank you. A summary of your answers is below. Three respondents were selected at random to receive an MPA News canvas tote bag. As ecosystem approaches to marine resource management become more widely applied, MPA News will continue to examine their evolving relationship with MPAs.
Poll results:
Question 1. Can an MPA be successful if there is no ecosystem-based management of adjacent water and land outside the MPA?
Yes 52%
No 48%
Don't know 0%
Samples of explanations from respondents:
"Yes. If an MPA is intended to protect cultural resources, for example, then it may be successful irrespective of ecosystem-based management in adjacent waters. However, if its purpose is habitat protection or replenishment of stock - or even protection of a representative community - then success is dubious without ecosystem-based management in adjacent areas."
"Yes, but only if the MPA encompasses a complete ecosystem, as does the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Otherwise, because of the interconnectivity of the sea, the answer would generally be 'No'."
"No. The essence of the ecosystem approach is in coping with the dynamic nature of marine systems. While an MPA can protect habitat within its boundaries, many of the species being protected are dependent on propagules from outside the area - hence that outside supply needs to be protected."
"No, not any more. MPAs' very existence is attracting more and more development around them. The more scarce these 'quasi-pristine' areas are, the more people want to visit them and do business there."
Question 2. Can ecosystem-based management be successful if MPAs are not used as a component in that management system?
Yes 46%
No 48%
Don't know 6%
Samples of explanations from respondents:
"Yes. There are many situations in which MPAs are not necessary to achieve EBM goals. For example, in many areas land-based sources of pollution are a more drastic problem than fishing pressure. A traditional community-based fishery that is well-managed in terms of gear and effort can be part of an overall EBM plan, and MPAs may not be necessary for such a plan to work."
"Yes. MPAs can be tools or provide a framework, but are not the only solution. However, since human nature seems to understand black-and-white uses better than gray areas in management, this makes MPAs a logical product of EBM."
"No. One reason why EBM risks failure without some areas managed primarily for conservation is that adaptive management - a key part of putting EBM into practice - requires controls. Such controls also provide fail-safes by conserving ecosystem components needed to rebuild in the case of poor management decisions."
"No. Since an effective, comprehensive coastal EBM plan is a dream for most countries, MPAs are so far the only existing tool to establish real managed areas, no matter how small the MPAs are."
Question 3. If you can, please give examples of places where you think ecosystem-based management is being implemented effectively.
Answer: The most common answer given was the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, mentioned by 20% of all respondents. Other places mentioned by multiple respondents included Palau (7%) and the Wadden Sea (4%). However, more than half of respondents (52%) either skipped this question - implying they were unaware of any cases of successful EBM - or explicitly answered that they knew of no successful cases.
Question 4. What would help ecosystem-based management to become more widely practiced? (From a list of 10 options, respondents were asked to check all that were applicable.)
Answer: The answers were, with the percentage of respondents who selected each one:
|BOX: Paper available on MPAs in ecosystem-based management
The US Marine Protected Areas Federal Advisory Committee has released a white paper on the role that MPAs can play in implementation of ecosystem-based management, particularly in the US context. The paper, "Marine Protected Areas: Fundamental Tools for Ecosystem-Based Management", is available at http://www.mpa.gov/pdf/fac/mpafac_letter_mem_1106.pdf.
World Bank releases report on scaling up MPAs
The World Bank has released a report that assesses factors likely to determine MPA success and identifies opportunities for the Bank and its partners to scale up MPA implementation to meet global conservation targets, such as those set at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (MPA News 4:3). The report focuses on the intersection of MPAs and poverty. It examines how best to capture the potential benefits of MPAs for helping the world's poor, while addressing the sociocultural and political realities of restricting access to the sea and regulating what has traditionally been considered common property. Included are studies of MPA implementation in three countries - the Philippines, Chile, and Brazil. The 100-page report, Scaling Up Marine Management: the Role of Marine Protected Areas, is available in PDF format at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCMM/Publications/21108865/Final_Printed_Version_MPA_ESW.pdf.
Report proposes MPA-planning framework for eastern Canada, northeastern US
A new report co-produced by WWF-Canada and the US-based Conservation Law Foundation applies a MARXAN-centered framework to propose a network of priority areas for marine conservation in eastern Canada and the northeastern US. (The planning framework was detailed in a sister publication, released in October 2006 by WWF-Canada [MPA News 8:5].) The report marks the culmination of a six-year collaboration between the two NGOs. Marine Ecosystem Conservation for New England and Maritime Canada: A Science-Based Approach to Identifying Priority Areas for Conservation, is available in PDF format at http://www.wwf.ca/marinepriorityareas.
Report: Consulting firm examines Australian MPA processes
One of the world's largest business-consulting firms has produced a report on the designation of MPAs in Australia. In the 195-page report Australia's Marine Protected Areas: Challenging Times Ahead, the firm Ernst & Young examines why and how MPAs are being designated there, and recommends a strategy for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of these MPAs. The report was prepared for two industry groups - the Australian Fishing Tackle Association (AFTA) and the Boating Industry Association of New South Wales. It is available online at http://www.afta.net.au.
Paper available on lessons from Victoria (Australia) MPA planning
A new paper in the journal Ocean & Coastal Management (vol. 49, no. 12) describes lessons learned from a 10-year public process to plan a network of MPAs in the Australian state of Victoria. The Victoria government approved the network in 2002 (MPA News 4:7). Paper reprints of the journal article, "The long and winding road: The development of a comprehensive, adequate and representative system of highly protected marine protected areas in Victoria, Australia", are available from the author - Geoff Wescott of Deakin University - at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Report: Synthesizing all natural knowledge at a Canadian coastal park
The Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, on the Pacific coast of Canada, has released a 413-page report synthesizing nearly all information available about the site - traditional indigenous knowledge, modern human uses, geology, biodiversity, habitat distribution, and more. It is the fifth report in a series of baseline marine science inventories for the Haida Gwaii region, also known as the Queen Charlotte Islands. Report editor Norm Sloan says a synthesis such as this is particularly helpful for remote areas with histories of relatively little scientific synthesis. "The Haida Gwaii region is Pacific Canada's most isolated archipelago with a population of just 5000 people spread across six communities, all in very rural settings," he says. "So there is little resident technical infrastructure, yet a great need for technical information, given current land-use planning and marine conservation planning processes [for an adjacent proposed National Marine Conservation Area] underway." For a hard copy of the report Living Marine Legacy of Gwaii Haanas V: Coastal Zone Values and Management around Haida Gwaii, e-mail Norm Sloan at firstname.lastname@example.com, or provide an FTP site to which the document may be sent.
Conference session to share lessons between terrestrial, marine protected areas
The 21st Pacific Science Congress - to be held 12-18 June 2007 in Okinawa, Japan - will feature a half-day session focusing on lesson-sharing between management of terrestrial and marine protected areas in the Asia-Pacific region. Topics will include establishing successful models of community-driven conservation, incorporating future climate change into resource management, and other subjects. For more information on the session, e-mail John Burke Burnett at email@example.com. Background information on the Congress in general is available at http://www.psc21.net.
Research Spotlight: The EMPAS Project
A project is underway to develop fisheries management plans for MPAs within the German EEZ of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Called the Environmentally Sound Fishery Management in Protected Areas project (EMPAS), it is analyzing conflicts between nature conservation goals and fishing activities. In evaluating all fishing activities of all fleets operating in and adjacent to the 10 sites, EMPAS is expected to significantly improve the quality of data used in studying such conflicts. The project was initiated in 2005 by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and will deliver its recommendations to the German government.
The 10 sites under study were nominated to the European Commission by Germany in 2004 to bring the nation into compliance with the EU Birds and Habitats Directives. Two of the nominated MPAs are designed specifically to protect birds, and took effect immediately upon nomination; the remaining eight are to protect fauna, flora and/or habitats and are still under consideration by the European Commission. The EU Birds and Habitats Directives aim to maintain biodiversity through conservation of species and natural habitats, including development of a coherent European ecological network of protected zones by 2010 - called the Natura 2000 network. In total, the 10 sites comprise 31.5% of Germany's EEZ in the North and Baltic Seas combined.
The EMPAS management plans, which could involve a mix of spatial and temporal regulations, will apply only to the 10 sites, not to adjacent waters. However, project coordinator Soren Anker Pedersen of ICES says he expects the proposals and lessons learned from EMPAS to be useful for other projects to develop ecosystem-based fisheries management plans in EU waters, whether inside or outside of MPAs.
For more information: Soren Anker Pedersen, ICES, H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44-46, 1553, Copenhagen V, Denmark. Tel: +45 3338 6700; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
MPA News
Editor-in-Chief: John B. Davis
Project Assistant: Maggie Ostdahl
Editorial Board:
Chair: David Fluharty, Ph.D.
School of Marine Affairs
University of Washington
Patrick Christie, Ph.D.
School of Marine Affairs
University of Washington
Michael Murray
Advisory Council Coordinator
Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
Direct correspondence to: MPA News, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Tel: +1 206 685 1582; Fax: +1 206 543 1417; E-mail: email@example.com.
MPA News is published monthly by Marine Affairs Research and Education (MARE), a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation, in association with the School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington.
All content has been written by the MPA News editorial staff unless otherwise attributed.
MPA News is funded in part by:
Subscriptions to MPA News are free. To subscribe, send an e-mail message to firstname.lastname@example.com. Type "subscribe" on the subject line, and include your name, mailing address, and daytime phone number in the text of the message. Also, please note whether you would like your subscription to be delivered electronically or in paper form.


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One of the best things about animation presets in After Effects is that you can use them to save your own favorite configurations of effects and apply those configurations to other layers or other pieces of footage. If you have the Exercise Files in this project, switch to the Project panel and open up comp 08 - Save Preset*starter. If you don't have the Exercise Files, just create a comp. with, you know, any piece of footage because we are just going to be applying some effects. My goal here is to create an interesting transition effect to dissolve out of this footage in an interesting way and reveal something else.
After playing around I've decided to use a Radial Blur. So I am going to type in radial blur. Since I don't have any footage selected in this comp, double-clicking the effect does not do anything. After Effects does not know what to apply it to. But I can just drag it onto piece of footage in the Comp panel, and now it will be applied. The Effects Control panel will come forward automatically, and I get to see the custom UI for Radial Blur. I can change the Blur Amount. I can drag around the center of the blur to where I want it to be.
Right here in the sky kind of works for me, and change the type of blur. Zoom out from the center, and you might want to use a higher blur amount for that, or a Spin Blur. And that usually looks better with smaller blur amounts. You can drag this slider interactively or just go ahead and scrub the amount value, right around there I kind of like. As I mentioned, I want to use this as a sort of transition effect. I want to create an amount of spin that I like, like say I like that much. Then I am going to enable keyframing for the Amount.
This will automatically set my first keyframe down in the timeline. If I want to verify that's there, I'll select my layer and press U to reveal all animating properties. Say that I decide I want to come out of this blur fairly leisurely, like maybe over 4 seconds. I can click to relocate to my Current Time Indicator, or click on the time display directly and enter the time I want to go to. Regardless, I am going to go ahead and scrub the Amount value down to zero, automatically setting the second keyframe. I can do this in the Timeline panel, or in the Effect Controls panel.
I am going to move my Current Time Indicator just little bit pass my second keyframe. Press N to end my work area here, then press 0 on the numeric keypad to RAM preview it. And this is going to be my transition out of this effect. Radial Blur takes little while to calculate, but here it is at full speed. Okay, the Radial Blur is something, but you know, I think it also would create a better time travel look if I also came out of some sort of colorization or tint or something as I came out of the blur.
That could be a better transition from dream world to current world. I am going to press Home to locate the start of the clip where I am the most blurred, and now I'm going to look for some sort of tinting effect. I'll click on the X to clear out my previous search and type tint. And there is the Tint effect. Now that my layer is selected, I just need to double-click it and it will be applied to that layer. The default of Tint is to create a nice black and white image. And that's kind of nice standard look for back in time. A lot of people do their dream sequences in black and white and do the present day in color.
I want to keyframe this to take the same amount of time as my blur. So I enable keyframing for Amount to Tint. I am going to use my Keyframe Navigator down here in the Timeline to go to my second Radial Blur keyframe. And now with the exact same time, I am going to go ahead and scrub the Amount of Tint down to 0 to go back to full color image. Press 0 on the numeric keypad to RAM preview it. And now I got my transition out of a black and white Radial Blur world to a color, sharply focused world.
Okay, that's my transition. Once you have something that you like, you might even want to make sure that you save your project or even better, use the File > Increment and Save command so that you have the previous version underneath an older version number in your new version underneath a brand new version number, like Version 2. Say that I like this transition and I think I would like to reuse it on this job and apply it to more than one piece of footage. To do that, first I need to select all of the effects involved in my transition. I clicked on Radial Blur, and I will Shift+Click on Tint so that both effects were selected.
Selecting an effect selects all of the parameters of that effect, including any keyframes applied to those parameters. If I wanted just an individual parameter, I would just need to click on the parameter alone. And now to save an animation preset I can either go to the Animation menu and choose Save Animation Preset, or I can click on this icon down in the lower right corner of the Effects & Presets panel. The one that looks like a document. I'll click on that. And I'll be given a chance to save my animation preset.
Now After Effects Palette changes from version to version where it defaults the Save. What I like to do, is find the Presets folder for Adobe After Effects and then create my own folder. I might even name that folder based on the project that I am working on. Let's say that this is a documentary, so I might type New York City documentary. Create, and now I will give my animation preset a name that I am likely to remember. Don't give these funky names that you'll never figure out later on.
You might even be boring call it radial blur + grayscale transition. Lots of good keywords there to remember. And click Save. I'll clear my previous search, twirl open the Animation Presets folder. If I can't see that by the way, you just reveal it underneath the Effects & Presets options menu. And there is New York City documentary and there is my animation preset. Okay, now I want to apply this to a brand new piece of footage.
I'll go back to my Project panel, and open up a different comp, in this case, 09 - Apply Preset*starter. If you don't have the Exercise Files, just create a new comp with a different piece of footage. Select the footage you want to apply your preset to, move the Current Time Indicator to the time where you want any keyframes to begin. The first keyframe will be placed at the Current Time Indicator. If it's way down here at the end of your comp, that's where the first keyframe is going to be. This is one of the most common beginner mistakes when applying presets.
I want this to apply at the very beginning of my clip. So I'll press Home. Then go get my preset and either double- click it or drag it onto the desired footage. Once I do that, I see my Spin Blur and my grayscale. To reveal keyframes, I'll press U. To reveal any parameters that have been changed from the defaults, I'll press U-U, two Us in quick succession. That's where I get to see that I've also changed the center of this preset. Move my time indicator a little bit later, N to end my workspace, RAM preview.
Again, Radial Blur does take a little bit to calculate here. And there we go. And now I have my transition. You can edit any preset by the way, just like you would edit anything else inside After Effects. There's nothing special about them. It's as if you copied and paste them. For example, say that I want my Blur center to be in a little bit different place. Maybe around this walk, don't walk sign. No problem. I'll go up to Radial Blur in the Effects & Presets panel, click on my center, and drag it up to where that walk sign is, right there.
And now my transition will be centered around that sign. Kind of a cool effect. So Animation Presets are really nice tool inside After Effects. If you're just getting started, Adobe's own presets that they supply with the program may be good starting points. But as you get better and start creating your own secret recipes, save them, keep them, reuse them on future projects. They will save a lot of time.
The After Effects Apprentice videos on lynda.com were created by Trish and Chris Meyer and are designed to be used on their own and as a companion to their book After Effects Apprentice. We are honored to host these tutorials in the lynda.com Online Training Library®.
- Sliding and trimming
- Slip-editing and insert-editing layers
- Employing blending modes to enhance layers and composites
- Applying, modifying, and saving animation presets and layer styles
- Using adjustment layers to affect multiple layers
- Experimenting with effects using Brainstorm
- Understanding pixel aspect ratios


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• We treated 17 patients with severe small-bowel radiation enteritis surgically. Fourteen patients were female. Gynecologic malignant lesions (cervical, ovarian, and endometrial) were the most frequent sites of the primary tumors for which radiation was given. Thirteen patients had bowel obstruction, and the remainder had enterovaginal fistulae. Intestinal bypass, rather than resection, was the preferred approach in the treatment of these patients, and was used in 11 cases. Successful palliation was provided in nine patients, with minimal morbidity and no operative deaths. Follow-up at eight to 60 months has shown no further sequelae of radiation injury or of blind loop syndrome. This supports the relative safety of intestinal bypass for the surgical management of small-bowel radiation enteritis.
(Arch Surg 1983;118:905-907)
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How to Use your iPAD- Jackson
July 11, 2013 @ 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
Learn various basic functions of your iPAD. Learn how to increase productivity and how to download eBooks from the library. Bring your iPAD (charged or with charger.) You will need to know your Apple ID and password, as well as your library card number and PIN.
Tues. July 9 at 6 – 8 pm
Thurs. July 11 at 10 am – 12 pm
JDL Carnegie Branch
244 W. Michigan Ave.
Jackson, MI 49201
Register by calling Joyce Betz at (517) 788-4099 ext. 1303.


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Small Potatoes: SNAP benefits spent out of state not worth worry
February 13, 2016 Many West Virginians like to see their tax dollars spent close to home, benefitting state residents and businesses. more »»
On The Horizon: North Korea's nuclear arsenal of great concern
February 12, 2016 Any nuclear war, even if it involves a limited exchange of, say, 10 warheads on both sides, would be a terrible thing. more »»
Getting Help: Drug testing would offer assistance to those in need
February 11, 2016 The need to fight drug abuse with every weapon we have in West Virginia has become so clear that on Tuesday, a bill that once was very controversial passed the state Senate by a 32-2 vote. more »»
Off Course: Budget for CTCs needs serious adjustments
February 10, 2016 When it comes to higher education, so much of the process is about trying to "fit square pegs into round holes. more »»
Priceless: Money must be found to fight against drugs
February 9, 2016 West Virginia legislators are in no mood to hear requests they spend more money. more »»
Blame Game: Plenty of responsibility to go around in Flint
February 8, 2016 The blame game was in full swing this week as Congress held hearings on the Flint, Mich., water fiasc. more »»
In Memoriam: Ranson Says goodbye to Mayor David Hamill
February 7, 2016 Few areas in the state of West Virginia, let alone the Eastern Panhandle, have experienced the type of growth the City of Ranson has in the past three decade. more »»
Common Sense: Health department needs to look for savings
February 5, 2016 By consolidating at least some of the services provided by local health departments throughout West Virginia, taxpayers could save as much as $12. more »»
Tense Times: Partisan bickering limits legislature's effectiveness
February 4, 2016 With the annual regular session of the West Virginia Legislature at about the halfway mark, election-year politics has reared its extraordinarily ugly head. That needs to stop. more »»
A Reminder: Emerging diseases require decisive action
February 3, 2016 President Barack Obama wants to commit $1 billion to what he calls a "moonshot" initiative against cance. more »»
Safe Keeping: Inspection mandate should stay on books
February 2, 2016 Be honest, now: How many times have you been alerted to a potential safety problem with your car or truck during one of West Virginia's mandatory annual vehicle inspections? If it has not happened... more »»
Old Workhorse: Military wise to return to their trusty Jeeps
February 1, 2016 Millions of military veterans remember the famous Jeep, which made its mark as a light military vehicle that never seemed to meet terrain it could not conquer. more »»
Just A Memory: Snowstorm is gone, but chance to learn continues
January 31, 2016 The cleanup of last weekend's catastrophic winter storm is finally winding down in our area. more »»
Lean & Mean: Increased graduation rates are good news for W.Va.
January 30, 2016 Are West Virginia's colleges getting leaner and meaner? Let's hope so. That is precisely what the Mountain State needs. more »»
Unacceptable: Miscarriage of justice an upsetting scenario
January 29, 2016 West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey has spared himself and some law enforcement officials in Harrison County a tongue-lashing by U.S. Supreme Court justice. more »»
There's a Limit: PEIA may face trouble even if plan is approved
January 28, 2016 West Virginia Education Association President Dale Lee, who represents thousands of the government workers who rely on the Public Employees Insurance Agency, had it right when he commented last wee... more »»
Fine-Tuning: Early childhood ed savings are important
January 27, 2016 Early childhood education is an important, perhaps critical, tool for ensuring all children learn what they need in an increasingly competitive world. more »»
Snowbound: Area stands strong in face of winter storm
January 26, 2016 So, have you crawled out of the bull's-eye of this weekend's blizzard yet? Our area took the brunt of storm, with snowfall totals over 40 inches in a couple places, officially, and in many other... more »»
Show & Pell: Obama's grant proposal doesn't make sense
January 25, 2016 Federal student loan and grant programs have not made college more affordable. They have merely provided billions of dollars in taxpayer money to help pay for it. more »»
More Teeth: Candidates need more financial accountability
January 24, 2016 Bans on certain types of spending to support political candidates are infringements upon First Amendment guarantees of free speech. Besides, they seem to do little good. more »»


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"I will not be returning to The Talk this year," the actress tells PEOPLE.
Winokur joined the CBS daytime chat fest in September to do "Mom in the Street" segments twice a week. "But as the show evolved," she says, "there really wasn't room for my segments."
Though Winokur says, "I love my co-hosts and the crew at The Talk," she wants "to be more involved with what I'm working on," which includes developing her own cable show and plans to launch a clothing line later this year.
For now, Winokur, who hasn't appeared on the show yet this year, is still coping with the sudden death of her father, Michael Winokur, over the holidays, an unhappy event that has reminded her of what is most important – her family and working on projects that can make a difference.
"I'm still grieving over the loss of my father. I honestly think this is a blessing in disguise that I don't have the added stress of pretending to keep my chin up and go to work every day," says Winokur, who's trying to remain upbeat for her son, Zev, 2. "I loved my father so much. He was my inspiration. He was my number one. He was the one who told me I could be anything I wanted to be when I was growing up. He's why I am who I am."
In an exclusive statement, Brad Bessey, executive producer of The Talk tells PEOPLE, "We think the world of Marissa as a creative talent, on-air personality and super mom. This is a mutual decision based on time, not talent."
Bessy continues, "The show is trending toward more time with panel conversations and interviews, creating fewer opportunities for the mom-on-the-street segments. We are grateful beyond words to Marissa for her hard work, unrivaled energy and enthusiasm; and the integral role she played in the successful launch of The Talk. We wish her the very best."
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own


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Publicity Photos
Click on a thumbnail for preview and credits.
For more images, please visit our Dropbox folder.
Kinsey Sicks Publicity Photos
The Kinsey Press Kit
"Wonderfully smart, politically pointed and liberating … examples of The Kinseys' contagious brand of rib tickling abound in the tight-knit groups's Edinburgh debut, a hilarious late-night lampoon of reality TV … Other glories tucked into the hour-long show [are] ... both clever and artfully crude … One of the great pleasures of The Kinsey Sicks is the cast's lovably ribald on-stage alter-egos."
~ The London Times
"Glorious, glamorous, glittery girls who have amazing voices in which they perform superb a cappella versions of songs you will never remember the same way again."
~ Scotland on Sunday
"The hottest ticket in town ... taking the cabaret world by storm ... voices sweet as birdsong."
~ New York Times
"Inventive...riotously funny...sublime."
~ Variety
"One of the more uniquely original (and thoroughly fun and entertaining) acts we have encountered in years... rich four-part harmony... hilarious... this is one act that should not be missed, either in person or on CD."
~ Billboard Magazine
"If you haven't made the acquaintance of The Kinsey Sicks, it's high time you did.... Uproarious... brilliant... authentically joyful."
~ Washington Post
"What proves possibly most striking... isn't merely their phenomenal vocal blend, but their astonishing ability to cross the line between harmonic brilliance and side-splitting comedy."
~ broadwayworld.com
"The Royal Shakespeare Company of drag performance."
~ KQED San Francisco (National Public Radio)
★★★★ "It's good honest filth ... the hour speeds by."
~ The Arts Desk
"Only one a cappella group has remained steadfastly lewd, crude, and rapturously reviewed.... Legendary for their succulence, sarcasm, and style, the Kinsey Sicks can easily shock and awe unsuspecting audiences.... Rollicking.... [They] never fail to bring down the house."
~ Huffington Post
"Outrageous, marvelous, hilarious ... they're golden-throated vocalists who defy categorization."
~ Chicago Tribune
"Gloriously, proudly bad taste...gut-busting parodies and raucous shtick...high camp, unafraid, subversive...astonishing."
~ SF Chronicle
"'Dragapella,' with its political bite and raunchy, sometimes sick humor, falls on a short list of titles that would appeal to what one could call, in shorthand terms, 'The Daily Show' crowd... On this particular Saturday night, the front-stage tables included a group of retirement-aged women who looked like they got lost on the way to 'Menopause the Musical.' ... But they were laughing as hard as anyone in the room. And really, you'd have to be Pat Robertson waiting for the bus to Bob Jones University not to."
~ Las Vegas Review Journal
"Riotously funny...ferociously creative...a must-see...everyone will enjoy themselves!"
~ Time Out Magazine (New York)
"... as anyone who's seen one of the queertastic quartet's previous songfests could easily predict, The Kinsey Sicks' [latest show] makes for sixty sizzling minutes of double entendres and song...As audiences the world round will tell you, there's no more sicks-appealing foursome on the planet than the Kinsey Sicks, and The Kinsey Sicks: America's Next Top Bachelor Housewife Celebrity Hoarder Makeover Star Gone Wild! is the Sicks at their absolute sicks-iest."
~ StageSceneLA
"The Kinsey Sicks are an a cappella drag queen quartet who deliver everything you would hope and expect an a cappella drag queen quartet to deliver – and do so very well ... they have fine voices all; producing close harmonies that are rich and effective ... It's an hour of jaunty high spirits, performed with a handbag full of fun."
~ Chortle, the UK Comedy Guide
"★★★★ Their sketches have the kind of slick dialogue we might associate with a sitcom such as Frasier, and it's difficult to forget their lyrical parodies … all layered with strong satire."
~ The Skinny
"As funny as they are harmonious, they have already cemented their national reputation."
~ The Boston Globe
"Gut wrenchingly funny...pitch perfect a cappella harmonies."
~ The Advocate
"Hammy, hilarious music with a message... These are four men with big hair and big voices."
~ Miami Herald
"The Kinsey Sicks dazzled a sold out audience ...The Kinsey Sicks have an original premise and sharp writing skills. There was nary a moment when the audience wasn't roaring with laughter. The Kinsey Sicks take jokes to the extreme and they occasionally go too far, but that's the point: to strike nerves and to jolt beliefs, all in seamless harmony. Their cleverly apt expressions and surprising puns, coupled with their contemporary pop culture references from Honey Boo-Boo to the Ferguson, MO grand jury decision, the Kinsey Sicks are not afraid to sprinkle acerbic cultural and religious criticism into their show... Impressive? Absolutely. Fiercely feminist, flamboyant, flashy and intensely intelligent, the Kinsey Sicks offer a refreshing and absolutely hilarious brand of entertainment."
~ City Revealed Magazine (Cedar Rapids, IA)
"Looking like they'd just stepped out of a saccharine-infused 50's sitcom, the Kinseys proved that looks can be very deceptive as they sardonically satirised the jaded culture of reality TV and that vacuous modern day need that some people have, to achieve five minutes of 'fame' at any cost. We joined them in the jungle and followed their own reality hell, trying to succeed at challenges that involve singing, dancing, dating, dieting and large insects. Wonderfully crude and exceptionally clever parodies with intricate wordplay and performance style were served up as a capella four part harmonies that dazzled. The girls work together expertly, with fluid dialogue and seamless delivery. At times I found myself wondering if any of the vocal gymnastics were actually coming from another backing source, such was the standard of quality."
~ QX Magazine, London UK
"For connoisseurs of gender-bending comedy who find Dame Edna too tame, the Kinsey Sicks up the ante in Dragapella -- quadrupling the outlandish feminine allure while boosting it with considerable vocal skills and a grab bag of outrageous, often naughty, musical numbers... over-the-top silliness...hilarious...lyrics clever enough for Ira Gershwin or E.Y. Harburg."
~ Houston Chronicle
"Wickedly funny ... outrageous ... The Kinseys have earned flat-out critical raves."
~ Detroit Free Press
"Beautifully sung, comic and politically savvy. It was a lark with substance and the audience (and I) went wild."
~ Montreal Gazette
"Lavish! Outrageous! The Kinsey Sicks are solid comics and especially solid singers."
~ New York Daily News
"Tight harmonies the Andrews Sisters would have envied. [V]ery funny ... intelligent ... touching."
~ Boston Herald
"Sublime...biting wit...The Kinsey Sicks present some of the best tight harmonies that I have heard in a long time. They have pitch perfect doo-wop in songs that cross the line of political correctness. They have the voices and harmony of angels, but they are devilishly sinful."
~ Talking Broadway
"The Kinsey Sicks have produced one of the most joyous evenings of sharp comedic and musical material I've seen in decades."
~ Theatermania.com
"The Kinsey Sicks will put a smile on your face and a song in your heart. These four musicians-actors-writers-composers-drag queens are wickedly gay, and man, can they sing! Completely a capella, their material is intelligent and scathingly funny. Their lyrical parodies of well known songs will have you rolling ... geniously hilarious ... excellent original tunes ... brilliant. With their impeccable timing, precise harmonies, and cultural savvy, the Kinseys represent fabulous, satirical queer humor at its finest."
~ In Los Angeles Magazine
"They do an excellent job...supremely talented...couldn't be any funnier."
~ San Francisco Chronicle
"5 stars out of 5"
~ Maryland Theater Guide
"'Oy Vey in a Manger,' a ribald, ridiculous, raunchy, decidedly R-rated romp through the best and worst of Christmas, is lighting up the Washington DC Jewish Community Center's Goldman Theater with laughs and guffaws... [I]n mellifluous voices, they harmonize and belt with the best of 'em. The Kinseys make the Glee club on Fox television with its risque teenage trysts look like a preschool.... A new and subversive holiday tradition."
~ Washington Jewish Weekly
"Unlike other drag groups, The Kinsey Sicks can really sing - and they do, beautifully. They create charming harmonies, and never lip-synch. Unlike others, their material is intelligent, very funny, and also very Jewish."
~ Ha'aretz (Israel)
"A welcome breath of fresh air.... The audience could not stop laughing."
~ Jewish Week (NY)
"Every number has its charm, and the audience delights...so swing your vote their way and stop in!"
~ DC TheatreScene
"With its razor-sharp wit and impressive vocals, the group has become a favorite of local Jewish and gay theater scenes...true ingenuity...they can also sing the house down."
~ JewishBulletin (San Francisco)


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Pair of severe storm watches issued across Oklahoma
Storms may produce large hail, wind threat
Two severe thunderstorm watches have been issued on Wednesday as more storms are possible across Oklahoma.
Click here to join our Sept. 26 Live Wire
One watch is for Haskell, Hughes, Latimer, Leflore, Lincoln, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee, Okmulgee, Pittsburg, Pottawatomie, Seminole and Sequoyah counties, and it is in effect until 10 p.m.
Another watch is for Beaver, Cimarron and Texas counties, and it is in effect until 11 p.m.
Click here to join our Sept. 26 Live Wire
Weather update from KOCO meteorologist Danielle Dozier
The Oklahoma atmosphere is unstable and may produce more severe storms later Wednesday.
A front in northern Oklahoma may spark off storms late in the day, mainly after 4 or 5 p.m. Additional storms will try and form along a dry line in the Texas Panhandle and make a run for western and central Oklahoma.
Any storms that move through the state could produce large, half-dollar sized hail and winds over 60 mph.
Copyright 2012 by KOCO.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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CYFD ChangesUPDATED 10:34 PM MDT Apr 02, 2014
The way the state handles child abuse cases is changing.Video Transcript
THE WAY THE STATE HANDLES CHILD ABUSE CASES, IS CHANGING. GOVERNOR MARTINEZ HAS ORDERED A DOZEN REFORMS - STARTING NOW. KOAT ACTION 7 NEWS ANCHOR ROYALE DA EXPLAINS WHAT THEY ARE. AFTER THE HIGH-PROFILE DEATH OF 9-YEAR-OLD OMAREE VARELA, THE GOVERNOR AND TEN EXPERTS LOOKED AT THE BOY'S HISTORY...AND DECIDED TO MAKE CHANGES WITHIN THE CHILDREN YOUTH AND FAMILIES DEPARTMENT. SOT Gov. Susana Martinez: "We can all do better and we can all improve ." THOSE IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE: ORDERING STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CYFD TO SHARE INFORMATION; CASEWORKERS WILL PULL POLICE REPORTS ON FAMILIES THEY'RE INVESTIGATING. FAMILIES WITH MORE THAN TWO CYFD CALL-OUTS WILL NOW HAVE THEIR CASE REVIEWED BY A SUPERVISOR. AND THE STATE IS GIVING CYFD CASEWORKERS ANOTHER 3% RAISE NEXT YEAR. A RECRUITER WILL BE PAID 40-THOUSAND DOLLARS TO GET TALENTED MEN AND WOMEN INTO THE AGENCY, WHICH HAS HIRED HUNDREDS OF STAFFERS IN RECENT YEARS...BUT LOST ABOUT THE SAME AMOUNT. CYFD CABINET SECRETARY YOLANDA SAYS THIS IS A TOUGH TASK. Yolanda Deines: "it's an uphill climb to recruit folks and the reason for that is, people are afraid." AFRAID TO BE SCRUTINIZED FOR CASES LIKE OMAREE'S. CYFD INVESTIGATED THE BOY'S FAMILY MULTIPLE TIMES, YET HE STAYED WITH HIS MOTHER... WHO IS NOW CHARGED WITH KILLING THE 9 YEAR OLD. WE ASKED THE SECRETARY IF THESE CHANGES WERE MADE SOONER... IS THERE A CHANCE OMAREE COULD STILL BE ALIVE? Deines: "I think he might have had a better shot. But i couldn't say that he'd still be alive." SHE TOLD US, THERE WASN'T ENOUGH EVIDENCE FOR THE STATE TO REMOVE OMAREE FROM HIS HOME. BUT ON THAT FATEFUL NIGHT, THE AGENCY WOULD'VE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE HIM. Denies: "and unfortunately that last situation would've risen to that, but by the time we got there he was dead. " ROYALE DA: "THE SECRETARY SAYS THERE NEED TO BE NEW LAWS THAT WILL ALLOW CYFD TO REMOVE CHILDREN SOONER AND REQUIRE THEIR PARENTS TO WORK WITH THE STATE. SHE BELIEVES THESE NEW CHANGES WILL HELP KEEP KIDS SAFE AND ALIVE. BACK TO YOU." THE GOVERNOR SAYS NEW CHILD ADVOCACY CENTERS WILL OPEN AROUND THE STATE, ALLOWING C-Y-F-D AND LAW ENFORCEMENT, TO WORK TOGETHER UNDER THE SAME ROOF.
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