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Author Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pa (Drs Ganguli and Dodge); and Division of Geriatrics and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry (Drs Ganguli, Shen, Pandav, and DeKosky), and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Dr DeKosky), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr Shen is now with the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. Dr Pandav is now with the South-East Asia Regional Office, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is considered a leading cause of death, but few studies have examined the contribution of AD to mortality based on follow-up of representative US cohorts.
To examine mortality rates, duration of survival, causes of death, and the contribution of AD to the risk of mortality in an aging community-based cohort, controlling for other predictors.
Fifteen-year prospective epidemiological study. Mortality rates per 1000 person-years and the population-attributable risk of mortality were determined. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk of mortality due to AD, adjusting for relevant covariates. Death certificates were abstracted for listed causes of death.
A largely blue-collar rural community in southwestern Pennsylvania.
A community-based cohort of 1670 adults 65 years and older at study enrollment.
Main Outcome Measure
In the overall cohort, AD was a significant predictor of mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.4 after adjusting for covariates. The population-attributable risk of mortality from AD was 4.9% based on the same model. Examining the sexes separately, AD increased mortality risk only among women. Death certificates of AD subjects were more likely to list dementia/AD, other brain disorders, pneumonia, and dehydration, and less likely to include cancer.
Alzheimer disease was responsible for 4.9% of the deaths in this elderly cohort. Alzheimer disease increased the risk of mortality 40% in the cohort as a whole and separately in women but not in men. The mean (SD) duration of survival with AD was 5.9 (3.7) years, and longer with earlier age at onset.
Clinical experience and empirical data suggest that Alzheimer disease (AD) is a leading cause of death1 and shortens life2,3 in elderly persons. Health care providers, planners, and policy makers need to know more specifically how much AD increases or contributes to mortality risk in the population at large, with or without adjustment for the effects of other known predictors of mortality.
We report on the specific contribution of AD to mortality during a 15-year period in a prospective epidemiological study of older adults (≥65 years) in a largely rural area in southwestern Pennsylvania. Our cohort's overall mortality rates are comparable to the national average.4,5
The Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (1987-2002) was conducted in a population with low income and education levels. Sampling and recruitment procedures have been described previously.6 Study procedures were approved annually by the University of Pittsburgh institutional review board. A total of 1681 participants (1422 randomly selected from the voter registration list and an additional 259 volunteers from the same area) were assessed at study enrollment (wave 1, 1987-1989).7 Participants were reexamined in a series of biennial data collection waves.
Mortality rates were estimated from wave 1 until death or the end of the study (December 31, 2002). Cohort size was 1670 after eliminating 9 participants with unknown dementia type and 2 with unknown onset date (described later). The duration of follow-up ranged from 0.02 to 15.8 years (mean [SD], 10.3 [4.6] years).
Wave 2 (1989-1991) served as the baseline for the mortality predictor analyses because several relevant variables (described later) were first measured then. Between waves 1 and 2, 340 individuals died, relocated, or dropped out; 1 had unknown dementia type (described later); and 45 had missing data for 1 or more relevant variables. Mortality risk until study end was examined in the remaining 1295 participants.
Participants provided written informed consent and underwent screening, including the Mini-Mental State Examination,8 a brief general mental status test, and a modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.9 Ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was assessed using the Older Americans Resources and Services10 scale. Overall morbidity was estimated by the number of regularly taken prescription medications.11
At each wave, participants operationally classified at screening as cognitively impaired or declined were asked to undergo a clinical examination for dementia.6 A comparison group of cognitively intact participants, matched on age, sex, and education to subjects with dementia at wave 1, was randomly selected for clinical examination. The assessment protocols were those of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease12 and the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer Disease Research Center, modified for field use. Clinical examinations were performed blind to screening cognitive scores. A consensus diagnosis process established or ruled out the diagnosis of dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition13; the presence of probable or possible AD according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria14; and stage of dementia according to the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.15 We categorized as AD all those with Clinical Dementia Rating Scale scores of 0.5 or higher also meeting the criteria for probable or possible AD. A date of onset was estimated based on all available evidence, including cognitive test scores, functional ability, self-report of memory loss, medical record information, and staff observations, at successive assessments over time.
The vital status of our cohort was ascertained completely.16 Death certificates became available 10 to 12 months after the calendar year of death; before our study ended, they were obtained for 845 of the 852 subjects who died by December 31, 2000. Rather than arbitrarily select a single principal cause for each subject, we examined the frequencies of all conditions listed as immediate, underlying, and contributory causes of death. We separately listed individual causes/conditions of high frequency and/or specific interest, grouped the rest under organ system, and compared subjects with AD with those without dementia, adjusting for age and sex.
Mortality rates per 1000 person-years were calculated based on the cohort at wave 1. Proportion of population-attributable risk (PAR%) of death from AD was calculated in 2 ways. First, based on mortality rates, we used the formula typically used with longitudinal data: PAR% = (It − In)/It, where It is person-years mortality rate in the entire cohort and Inis person-years mortality rate in those without AD.
Second, to allow adjustment for covariates of interest, we calculated PAR% using the formula typically used for cross-sectional data: PAR% = p(r − 1)/[pr + (1 − p)], where p is the mean prevalence of AD in our cohort averaged over waves 2 to 6 as the cohort aged and r is the relative risk (hazard ratio [HR]) of mortality associated with AD, derived from the Cox proportional hazards models based on waves 2 to 6 (described later).
Mortality predictors were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Proportionality assumptions were examined by including an interaction term for each covariate with time since wave 2. The first model examined AD alone, as a time-dependent variable, as a predictor of mortality. Fixed covariates included in subsequent models were age at wave 2, sex, education (≥high school vs <high school), Mini-Mental State Examination score, 2 levels of IADL (disabilities in 1-3 tasks vs 0 and disabilities in ≥4 tasks vs 0), depressive symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score, ≥5 vs ≤4), number of prescription medications, and selection status (random vs volunteer). Interaction terms for AD with each covariate were added to the main effect model one at a time. No interactions were significant in the final model. Rather than applying statistical corrections for potential length bias (ie, skewing toward longer-duration cases by including both prevalent and incident cases),17,18 we repeated the analyses, limiting them to incident cases only. The model was then fit separately in men and women rather than merely including a sex × AD interaction term.
The wave 1 cohort (N = 1670) had a mean (SD) age of 73.4 (5.9) years; 57.8% were women. During the course of 17 209.1 person-years of follow-up until December 31, 2002, the cohort experienced 951 deaths, of which participants with AD accounted for 27.5%. Of those with and without AD, 75.3% and 52.1% died, respectively. Age-specific mortality rates, per 1000 person-years, in men and women with and without AD, are shown in Table 1.
Based on 330 incident cases with estimated onset dates, the mean (SD) age at onset of AD symptoms was 80.2 (6.0) years overall, 80.3 (5.8) years in women, and 80.1(6.3) years in men. The mean (SD) duration of survival from onset until death was 5.9 (3.7) years overall; the duration was longer in those who, at disease onset, were younger and, therefore, had a greater remaining life expectancy (Table 2).
The risk analyses included 273 cases of prevalent or incident probable or possible AD. At wave 2, in the cohort of 1295 subjects who were a mean (SD) age of 74.8 (5.4) years, covariates were distributed as follows. The mean (SD) Mini-Mental State Examination score was 27.0 (2.3); 23.6% of subjects had IADL disability scores of 1 to 3 (ie, they were unable to perform 1-3 IADL independently), while 4.8% had IADL disability scores of 4 or more. Participants took a mean (SD) of 2.02 (2.08) prescription medications (range, 0-11). Five or more depressive symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score, ≥5) were reported by 10.3% of participants.
In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model with AD examined alone, its HR for mortality was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-3.1). Adjusting only for age and sex, the HR for AD was reduced to 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.0). When all covariates were included, the HR for AD was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) (ie, persons with AD had a 40% higher mortality risk than those without AD, after adjusting for the effects of the other predictors in the model). The covariates significantly associated with mortality included older age (per year: HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), male sex (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9), 1 to 3 IADL (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8), 4 to 5 IADL (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.2), modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score of 5 or more (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), and prescription medications (per drug: HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2). Volunteer (vs random) selection status at study enrollment was negatively associated with mortality (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9).
To check for potential length bias, we fit the model previously described again, excluding 77 prevalent cases (ie, with onset before wave 2). The HRs were virtually unchanged in the new model restricted to incident cases: the HR for AD alone was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.8-2.7); it was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2-1.9) with adjustment for age and sex and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.8) with adjustment for all remaining covariates.
The model with all covariates previously described was fit separately in men and women. Among the 791 women, 169 had AD and 318 died. In women, in addition to age, IADL impairment, depressive symptoms, and prescription medications, AD significantly predicted mortality (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2). Among the 504 men, 104 had AD and 271 died; significant covariates were age, IADL impairment, and prescription medications. The HR for AD in men was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.7), which was not statistically significant. All models satisfied proportionality assumptions.
By using the mortality rate–based formula and the data in Table 1, the PAR% was 18.3%. This figure was close to the PAR% of 17.1% derived from the model-based formula using the average AD prevalence of 12.9% across waves 2 to 6, and based on the HR for AD alone. The PAR% decreased to 8.3% when based on the HR adjusting for age and sex, and to 4.9% when based on the HR also adjusting for IADL, depression, and prescription drugs.
Death certificates were obtained for 782 of 789 participants with AD or no dementia, and 63 with other dementias, who died between study enrollment (wave 1) and December 31, 2000. Proportions of immediate, underlying, and contributory causes of death were examined, allowing multiple conditions per subject (Table 3).16 Adjusting for age and sex, AD/dementia /senility, other brain disorders, and pneumonia were listed significantly more often in those with AD than in those without dementia. Dehydration and decubitus ulcers were listed only among those with AD. Cancer was listed significantly less often in those with AD than in those without dementia.
Studies of mortality and AD are difficult to compare directly because some are based on volunteers or patients referred to research clinics19,20 and others on patients in nursing homes,21 outpatients in various settings,22 volunteer panels,21 or, like ours, on cases identified within community samples.17,18,23- 30 The length of follow-up has ranged from 225 to 14 years.30 Some have included only prevalent,18,26 only incident,3,23 or both prevalent and incident cases (as in our study); some have included early-onset cases.22 Some samples have been limited to subjects 77 years and older,29 85 years and older,28 or 65 to 84 years.24 While the end point, death, is incontrovertible, duration has been measured starting from the study baseline20 or diagnosis,30 the date that health services were sought,17 or, as herein, from a reported or estimated date of symptomatic onset.6 Some report age-specific mortality rates,26 others standardized mortality ratios,31 and attributable deaths have been calculated using a life table approach32 rather than the model-based approach used herein. Different covariates (demographics, genotype, comorbidity, and institutionalization) were adjusted for in different studies, and different instruments have been used to measure the same variables.
In our cohort, in 15 years, 27.5% of deaths occurred in individuals with AD. However, attribution of deaths to AD depends in part on how common AD is in the given sample, the relative risk of mortality associated with AD, and additional demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals that independently increase risk of death. The HR for mortality associated with AD was 2.6 when examined alone, and 1.4 after adjusting for relevant covariates. That is, overall, the presence of AD increased the risk of mortality approximately 40%. Based on these figures, the mortality risk attributable to AD is 4.9%.
The mean (SD) survival was 5.9 (3.7) years from the onset of symptoms until death, but depended on age at onset. It ranged from 8.3 (4.6) years in those with onset before the age of 75 years to 3.8 (1.9) years in those with onset after the age of 85 years. These figures are slightly higher than those reported for median survival after initial diagnosis of AD in a health maintenance organization–based registry during approximately the same period30 and in a volunteer panel.3 Three-year mean survival was reported from an older (≥77 years) Swedish community-based cohort in which onset of AD might have occurred up to 3 years before diagnosis.29 Three-year survival was also reported from a large Canadian study designating onset primarily based on seeking medical attention for a memory problem.17 The duration of survival with illness may be longer in our study than in others because of our 15-year follow-up and because we measured survival from the estimated onset of symptoms rather than from the time of diagnosis. Over varying follow-up periods, most previous studies have shown shorter survival times in men than in women with AD, whether these studies were based on nursing home patients,21 research center participants,19 or community samples,2,17,23- 26,29,30 but did not examine increased mortality risk separately in men and women. In our cohort, AD increased the relative risk of mortality only in women because men in general already have an elevated mortality risk and a reduced life expectancy.2
Among those in whom we obtained death certificates, 3.8% had AD/dementia/senility listed as cause of death, although only 12.3% of those with AD had such a condition reported. Based solely on certification, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, acute and chronic respiratory conditions, and stroke ranked higher than AD/dementia in order of frequency as cause of death in our cohort, similar to the national rank order.33 However, rates of mortality from or with dementia calculated from death certificates are an order of magnitude smaller than rates derived from other sources.34 Potential reasons for the underreporting of AD or dementia on death certificates16,35,36 might include underdetection of AD, particularly in the presence of overwhelming comorbidity, but perhaps also the certifying physician's view that AD, while present, did not cause death.16 Our finding that dementia/AD and pneumonia were overrepresented on the death certificates of persons with AD goes beyond previous studies31,36,37 in that our study was community based and included a comparison group without dementia. Our unexpected finding that cancer-related deaths were significantly underrepresented in those with AD might reflect competing risks or underdetection of cancer among the cognitively impaired.
Potential limitations include the few ethnic minorities in our cohort, reflective of the elderly population of the study area. With assessments performed biennially, it is possible that we missed cases of AD with exceptionally short durations. The inclusion of both prevalent and incident cases in most of our analyses could potentially skew our results toward cases with longer survival; however, HRs were virtually unchanged in analyses excluding prevalent cases.
Families of patients newly diagnosed as having AD often ask their physicians how long people commonly live with this condition, what factors predict longer or shorter survival, and what these patients usually die of. A balanced response might be based not only on the physician's clinical experience but also on data from representative community samples. Our data should also be relevant to health care planning and policy making for the growing number of individuals with AD.
Correspondence: Mary Ganguli, MD, MPH, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: August 9, 2004.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Ganguli. Acquisition of data: Ganguli and Pandav. Analysis and interpretation of data: Ganguli, Dodge, Shen, Pandav, and DeKosky. Drafting of the manuscript: Ganguli. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Ganguli, Dodge, Shen, and DeKosky. Statistical analysis: Dodge and Shen. Obtained funding: Ganguli. Administrative, technical, and material support: Ganguli. Study supervision: Ganguli.
Funding/Support: This study was supported in part by grants R01 AG07562, P50 AG05133, K24 AG022035, and K01 AG023014 from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md.
Acknowledgment: We thank all Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey staff (1987-2002) for their contributions to study coordination, subject recruitment, data collection, and data management; and all Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey participants for their support and cooperation.
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The Matrix Online, abbreviated MxO, is an MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game, with three servers (realms/instances) in the game: Recursion, Syntax, and a PvP (Player vs. Player combat) server called Vector-Hostile. You can have up to three characters on each server and the level cap is 50. Your character is called your RSI (Residual Self Image) and looks quite human.
As with most of or all MMOs there are different alliances, groups, or factions that you can choose to side with. In MxO there is Zion, Machines, and Merovingian, these are called organizations. You aren't stuck with your choice forever, in fact you start out working for none of them. It is imperative that you do pick an organization and impossible not to as you level up and grow.
Zion is quantity > quality
Merovingian is quantity = quality
Machine is quantity < quality
There are three ability classes which are Coder, Hacker, and Operative. Your RSI starts out biased as far as abilities go. You may switch between them at any time using a hardline (I'll explain hardlines later) and have multiple abilities from 1, 2, or all 3 trees equipped at the same time if you like. With Coder you can make things such as weapons and apparel on one side of the tree, on the other side you can make proxies to fight for you, proxies are basically your own private temporary militia that you can summon one at a time at any location. With Hacker you can heal hit points and buff (upgrade stats) of you and your friends on one side of the tree, on the other side of the tree you can cause damage to and degrade your opponents. Operative however has much more about combat with all sorts of guns, knife throwing, martial arts, spying, infiltration, and sniping.
Hardlines are very useful, they look like telephone booths and a lot can be done through them. Hardlines are placed in strategic areas around the game, each one being about roughly 300 meters from each other. You can change abilities, jack out (exit the game), view the Market (basically in-game items eBay), and enter the Loading Area.
There are two ways to exit the game safely. One way is by right-clicking a hardline and selecting "Exit," then click yes when it asks if you're sure. The other way is by initiating the jackout process manually. You can manually initiate the process from anywhere but you have wait about a minute and not move your RSI, once you jackin (re-enter the game) you will start right back there where you left the game as if it never happened. If you used a hardline to jack out then you will start back in the Loading Area and can jack in right in front of the hardline no problem.
This is a role playing game, so of course there are ways for your RSI to act out scenes, interact with other RSI's, and show emotion. Do this by slash commands in the chat box. Just type a forward slash and then the name of your emote, and press enter to have your RSI do it. For an interactive emote, you must have the RSI selected whom you wish to interact with and they must also accept. I will name a few that have been added and aren't listed in the instruction booklet for the game.
/drinkbottle A bottle (looks like a glass beer bottle) will appear in your hand, you will lean your head back and take a big gulp.
/bang You will shoot once with your finger an invisible bullet.
/bangbang This one is interactive. You will walk up to the other RSI and shoot 3 times at them with your finger while they do "The Matrix" to dodge your invisible bullets.
/tiphat You tip your hat, even if you're not wearing one.
/russdance You will the Russ dance in place for about 1 minute.
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Name: Ralph Turner
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Presently teaching in Reno, Northern Nevada, Sacramento and Northern California.
Ralph (and assitant Corie Turner) have developed a unique teaching style for Argentine Tango. The beginning student is led through a series of introductory lessons to a level where impromptu dance style is introduced and reinforced. For the more advance student, advanced figures are taught but with improvisional style, so that many figures can be implemented at advantageous points in the dance. The end product is the ability for the student to develop improvisation "dance seque" using basic elements to formulate new figures in a on the fly dance mode.
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We spent the weekend at our home away from home Easter weekend.
It was a breath of fresh air after burning up the roads the last few months.
I was laying in my chair reading a magazine late Saturday, (for probably the first time in 6 months), when Nicholas and Austin came running down the beach toward me screaming –
"Mom, it's life or death! Kinda."
People were staring. I could have killed them dead right then.
Fortunately, it wasn't their lives they were referring to.
They had a 'baby stingray' laying on their skim board.
Nicholas had found a egg casing, known as a mermaid's purse, washed up on the beach.
He picked it up and, I'm assuming from the pressure he applied to it, out popped the baby stingray – head first.
Typically when the egg casings are found on the beach, they are empty – the fish have already hatched. This wasn't the case.
Nicholas said, "I was the first one he saw when he was born! He probably thinks I'm his momma!" <<< silly boy
Thanks to Google, we started searching how rays are born. The two YouTube videos we watched (yes, as we sat on the beach) showed the babies being born straight from the mom.
No egg casing. Nothing.
The more we searched, we learned what we had in our hands (literally) was a skate.
And thankfully, skates are completely harmless to humans and can be handled without fear – unlike that good ole' man-o-war.
To the surprise of many onlookers, the boys carefully returned the skate to the water.
A couple commented that they expected the boys to want to keep it.
Thankfully, our kids respect {most} critters and treat them as they should.
I just wish they treated each other as gently some days.
By midnight on Easter-Eve, we had learned a few of the differences in a stingray and a skate::
Typically, stingrays are kite-shaped and have streamlined tails with one or more barbs. Skates tend to be roundish or triangular in shape, with heavier, fleshier tails that have small fins toward the end.
Skates typically range in size from 16 inches to 5 feet in length. Rays can grow to a width of 22 feet and weigh several tons.
Defense mechanism
A stingray have a stinging barb in its tail to use against predators. Skates don't have barbs; they rely on thorn-like formations on their backs and tails to deter predators
Skates lay leathery egg cases, often called "mermaid purses." Rays give birth to live young.
Other resources for facts about skates and rays::


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Steelers hopeful, but cautious, after beating Bills
PITTSBURGH -- There were no proclamations of a turnaround or even whispers about playoff contention.
In the aftermath of Sunday's 23-10 win over the Buffalo Bills, the Steelers were willing only to acknowledge the obvious -- that they had won a third game in nine tries this season.
"It was a step in the right direction," defensive end Brett Keisel said. "One step in the right direction. One good game."
A season and a half of subpar results, by their standards, has taught the Steelers that not every win is a Band-Aid for what's ailed them or a sign their troubles are behind them.
Too many false starts have proved they are capable of following up promising stretches with disappointment, as they did this season by losing two straight on the heels of back-to-back wins.
At 3-6, the Steelers remain at best a fringe contender with enough flaws to cause quarterback Ben Roethlisberger to hedge when asked if Sunday's win -- perhaps their most dominant overall performance of the season -- makes them relevant again.
"It's way too early to tell," Roethlisberger said. "We're just happy we got this win. Like I said, we are 1-0 and going for 1-0 next week. After today, we're going back to 0-0."
In reality, they're two losses behind division-leading Cincinnati in the AFC North, certainly not an insurmountable gap, although it might seem that way given their inability to stay on a roll since the start of 2012.
Next up is a stretch of games that should provide a lot more clarity about whether it's possible for the Steelers to salvage the season. They host the 6-3 Lions on Sunday, followed by back-to-back division road games against the Browns and Ravens.
By the time they reach December, with home games against the Dolphins and Bengals, they either could be in the middle of the division or wild-card races or plummeting toward a high draft pick.
After a complete collapse in a 55-31 loss to the Patriots a week earlier, Sunday's performance against the Bills provided some evidence the Steelers are capable of doing the things that once carried them to Super Bowls -- running the ball and stopping the run.
"It was appropriate," coach Mike Tomlin said of his team's response to the debacle in New England, in which the Steelers surrendered franchise records for points and total yards (610). "We had an embarrassing performance a week ago. You've got to swallow it and chew it, and we did."
Against the Bills, the Steelers were better in two of the most fundamental aspects of the game -- blocking and tackling.
The offensive line, despite losing another starter when guard Ramon Foster left with an ankle injury, paved the way for 136 yards rushing. And the defense swallowed up the Bills' running game, which came in averaging 145 yards, and harassed rookie quarterback EJ Manuel.
Despite having both C.J. Spiller and Fred Jackson healthy, the Bills managed only 39 first-half rushing yards and never got into an offensive flow. The Steelers ran up a huge advantage in first-half possession, holding the ball for more than 20 minutes.
And the defense was able to control gaps and contain Spiller and Jackson without the need for a heavy dose of run blitzes.
"We tackled well," Tomlin said. "It's fundamental. You maintain your ground, you shed blocks, you make tackles and you're where you're supposed to be."
That will have to continue.
The Lions will arrive at Heinz Field fresh off a 21-19 win over the Bears and have won two straight and three of four. They have one of the league's hottest quarterbacks in Matthew Stafford and its second-leading receiver in the freakishly talented Calvin Johnson, who poses matchup problems even for the best cornerbacks.
"We know we're way better than what we did last week in New England," said rookie linebacker Jarvis Jones, who had his first career sack Sunday. "We had to come out and respond and keep responding."
JOHN DUDLEY can be reached at 870-1677 or by e-mail. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/ETNdudley.


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Beverly D'Angelo, Niall Byrne
It's hard to see the point of this movie, set in Ireland and directed by Neil (Mona Lisa) Jordan, unless it's to offer a forum for about 187 renditions of "Stardust."
The most pleasing of them is sung during a party by D'Angelo, an American actress performing in a play in Dublin. Her mysterious visits to the beach in a nearby village beguile young Byrne, who courts her in between arguments with his musician father, Donal (The Dead) McCann.
There are enigmatic scenes involving caged animals, nuns, an old couple and incest, an idea pursued past the point of being a mere quirk. Jordan's script tends to the cryptic too. Byrne says, "I'm missing something. But I don't know what it is. If you're missing something, you should know what it is." Later, he expands on this idea: "I knew, but I didn't know I knew."
Byrne's pursuit of D'Angelo and his friendship with Lorraine Pilkington, a girl his own teen age, often take place in dim places, which suits the mood.
You'll end up, anyway, knowing the opening lines to "Stardust": "Sometimes I wonder why...." (Unrated)
Picks and Pans Review: The Miracle
updated 07/01/1991 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 07/01/1991 AT 01:00 AM EDT


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Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital Healthwatch Spring 2009
Children's ERs:
Emergency Rooms Cater to Kids
A trip to the emergency room can be a frightening experience for both child and family. To ease the anxiety, our three pediatric emergency rooms cater specifically to children's needs. These family-centered facilities are located at Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Memorial Hospital West and Memorial Hospital Miramar. Each location is decorated with a different, child-friendly theme.
While the atmosphere of each facility provides a welcome diversion during stressful times, most outstanding is the fact that children receive comprehensive world-class pediatric emergency care. Our facilities offer board-certified pediatric specialists, including cardiovascular surgeons, oncologists, orthopedic surgeons, intensivists and other specialties.
Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital
3501 Johnson Street, Hollywood
(954) 987-2000
Memorial Hospital West
703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines
(954) 844-5000
Memorial Hospital Miramar
1901 Southwest 172 Avenue, Miramar
(954) 538-5000
To find a Memorial physician who is committed to patient- and family-centered care, call Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital Physician Referral Service toll-free at (866) JDCH-DOC. We're available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.


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That will do the job as long as the games run in progressive scan.
I used to have the key digital version for my gamecube and it was spot on
Click on the green mushroom if i helped!
Title says it all really. Is there any way to connect my Wii to a PC or PC monitor? I'd like to be able to do away with the need for a TV on my desk as well. If so is there a component I'd need to buy for this? Does anyone know where I could get such a thing (if it indeed exists?)
That will do the job as long as the games run in progressive scan.
I used to have the key digital version for my gamecube and it was spot on
Click on the green mushroom if i helped!
Wii60 Elite Owner
360 Games: Forza 2, Viva Pinata, Ace Combat 6, King Kong,
Fifa 07, Rockstar Table Tennis, Call of Duty 4, GRAW.
Wii Games: Wii Sports, Wii Play, NFS Carbon, SMG, TH Downhill Jam, SSX Blur, SCDA, re4 Wii edition, MSCF.
Gamerscore: 2035! FTW...ONLY HAD XBOX ABOUT A MONTH!My Gamertag is WiseGuy123. PM me if you add me! Currently don't have XBL!
Thanks for the reply, That was exactly what I needed to know!
Any RCA/Component to VGA converter will do. As long as the format is compliant with your Wii output signal.
I personally like the KWORLD box since it can do both non-progressive and progressive. The TV tuner is a plus if there's a cable jack nearby.
Linky here.
What's all this VGA box stuff? I find it a whole lot easier to just get a videocard or tv tuner with composite in.
If you are in the UK a pc tv tuner card will be better. If you use 480p and want to play virtual console games, you will have to have an LCD that supports 576i @50hz which I am yet to find. If you are in the US go with the component to VGA converter
But that requires your computer to be powered and there is a slight lag between the output and display on screen.Originally Posted by Brawny
Its either lag which is milliseconds and virtual console games on an lcd in the UK, or no lag and no virtual console games on an lcd in the UK. Most current tv cards will offer no noticeable lag with timeshifting features disabledOriginally Posted by ciper


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Home › Health & Behavior › Health & Nutrition
Ask the Experts
By Debra Collins, Family therapist
My second-grade son is well behaved and attentive and listens well. He is at grade level in all subjects. However, I am concerned about his motor skills. He can't tie his shoelaces well. When he ties them, they come undone in a few minutes. He also cannot seem to run or catch a ball as well as other kids in his age group. My son has never liked cycling and will not even try going on a bike. He also does not seem to be interested in playing any games or sports. Could he be having problems with his gross motor development, or is his behavior age-appropriate? What should I do?
Children have varying degrees of fine- and gross-motor-skill competency. Check if your son is having difficulty writing, which involves fine motor skills. Most schools don't evaluate for writing problems until students begin using cursive, which, depending on the school, might not start until third grade. Tying shoes also involves fine motor skills, and teaching him how to double-knot could be good practice. Using art materials that require more hand control could also be beneficial.
Children may not seek out activities that require coordination and use of gross motor skills (such as riding a bike) because they lack the ability — or simply aren't interested. Ask the teacher if your son is below the expected range of ability. Is he being encouraged to participate? Some children don't like the competitive nature of sports, especially if they feel incompetent. He might need more support.
Here are some things you can do to encourage his gross-motor-skill development:
If you are still worried, get a preliminary assessment from your pediatrician — he or she could refer your son to a neurologist for further evaluation.
Advice from our experts is not a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment from a health-care provider or learning expert familiar with your unique situation. We recommend consulting a qualified professional if you have concerns about your child's condition.
Sign up for our newsletter and we'll send you more
insights to help you help your child succeed.
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are you to serve room temp or cold?
Wine Maker Notes
The fruit is allowed to ripen to between 13 to 14 Baume in order to allow maximum fruit richness and flavour whilst giving a deep purple hue to the colour. The juice is fermented on skins for up to 3 weeks allowing soft tannins to be formed into the rich and soft palate seen in many great Merlots.The fermented wine is then drained and the skins pressed into a new vessel to allow a natural malolactic fermentation occur, giving a further softening and palate rounding to this soft variety.After settling, a portion of the volume is transferred to oak and allowed to mature for 6 months before blending back into the original wine, adding complexity and texture to the fruit driven palate.This wine is then chilled, clarified and bottled on the Estate to ensure maximum quality control in the final product.
Technical Notes
It all started in 1820, when the first Casellas planted some vines in the Italian countryside. Two things sprouted shortly thereafter: a cluster of grapes, and a family passion that would last 188 years and counting.
Fast forward to 1957. Filippo and Maria Casella were keeping the business alive in Italy, when they decided to pack up and move to Australia. However far away, they couldn't escape their wine roots. Filippo began selling grapes to local wineries. Then in 1969, he decided it was time for a new generation of Casellas to put their winemaking skills to use.
Following the blueprint of other Australian winemakers, Casella sourced his fruit from other growing areas throughout South Eastern Australia, creating wines with incredible freshness and character year after year. Still, almost a third of the grapes used for [yellow tail] are grown right in the Casella family's vineyards, nearly 540 acres in the Riverina region of Australia. In 1994, the Casellas built a new and improved winery, blending old world heritage with new world technology.
Food Pairing
A perfect accompaniment to this wine would be Rich rare char-grilled beef and asparagus or a rich confit de canard to bring out its juicy palate.


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Humberside Police are appealing for help finding a missing Beverley woman.
Aimee Lambton, 22, who lives on Pinfold Mews, Beverley was reported missing by a family member at 10.13am on Sunday 9 March. She last contacted her family on Wednesday 5 March.
Aimee's family are concerned and have described her disappearance as "out of character."
Aimee is described as white and 5ft 6inches tall with a slim build. She has dark brown shoulder length hair. At this time police don't know what she is wearing.
Initial enquiries into finding Miss Lambton whereabouts are underway.
Miss Lambton or anyone else who knows of her current whereabouts should call Humberside Police on 101 quoting log number 248 of 09/03/14.


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The Difference Between Good and Bad Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates is one of the basic nutrients your body needs to function properly. Today, it is now differentiated as either good or bad carbohydrate. The difference between bad and good carbohydrate is that the bad carbohydrate is also known as the simple carbohydrate, and the good carbohydrate is known as the complex carbohydrate.
The other difference between bad and good carbohydrate is that the bad carbohydrate is the refined, simple sugar. The reason this is not the more desirable carbohydrate to eat is because eating it gives you a surge in your blood sugar and causes you to gain weight. It can also promote the development of diabetes.
The good carbohydrate does not cause you to have sudden surges in your blood sugar. It is also the recommended kind of carbohydrate for those on low carb diets.
To illustrate the difference between bad and good carbohydrate, let's look at a simple scenario of eating desert. If you use a good substitute for sugar in your cake like brown sugar, you are going to be able to enjoy your desert better because of the switch to a less refined carbohydrate. You don't expose your body to plain sugar, which can leave you feeling lethargic after the sugar rush. Neither do you gain excessive weight from all the simple white sugar you consumed.
Some good carbohydrates come in the most natural form as possible like fruits and vegetables that contain natural sugar. This is good because our body needs it to keep us going. Aside from giving us the energy to do physical activities, good carbohydrates help us in our normal body functions like breathing and digestion.
Meanwhile, the problem with bad carbohydrates is the weight gain and the sudden crash from the sugar high. Do you ever get that feeling when you suddenly loose energy? After a whole day of stocking up on carbohydrates, at one point in the afternoon, you suddenly feel a heavy weight come down upon you. Your eyes feel tired, your body feels heavy, you can hardly function much more engage in any strenuous activity. You have been eating the wrong kind of carbohydrates. What you have been feeding your body was sugar, plain and simple.
If you plan on having an active day, instead of eating candy and chocolate to keep you going, why not try some whole grain cereal, or pasta? Not only will you be able to stock up on reserve energy to get you through your day, you do not get hungry. This is one of the obvious difference in bad and good carbohydrates that you can personally experience.
Bad carbohydrates are also easy to digest which will explain why we can get hungry and tired after a while. If we eat good carbohydrates, the nutrients are not as easily digested, and are usually packed with fiber.
Easily the difference between bad and good carbohydrates is that one is refined, and the other is more natural. The problem with refined carbohydrates is that when the process of refining happens, nutrients are lost. Since the concentration is on the sugar content, you can bombard your pancreas with too much glucose. Glucose is the blood sugar that is made when we consume carbohydrates. It is glucose that is used to give us the energy to function.
Refined carbohydrates is also not good because the fiber is removed from the carbohydrates which is needed to slow down the sugar release into our body. We need to lessen the amount of bad carbohydrates in our body, especially if we want to lose a few pounds. The increase in intake of good carbohydrates will more than compensate for the need for sugar by our bodies. Clearly, there is a big difference between bad and good carbohydrates.


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Best Location!
Whether you would like to experience a romantic getaway with the one you love or an adventure-filled vacation with your friends, there is only one place to go. Come to Covered Bridge Riverview Lodge, a mountain resort in Jackson, New Hampshire that allows you to enjoy the comforts of home while being surrounded by beautiful scenic views.
Find the romance or adventure you're looking for by lodging in the White Mountains. From Santa's Village to StoryLand and charming villages! In the summer, you can treat the kids to a fun filled day at Storyland, which is located 2 miles away! Or, you can experience the magic of Santa's Village open all summer! You can explore all that New England has to offer, no matter the season.
Visit our lodge to enjoy warmth and comfort that you won't find anywhere else. With more than 10 years of experience running our lodge, we understand how to keep our guests entertained. We offer great personal touches for each room that our guests always enjoy.
Find out more about our mountain resort by calling (603) 383-9151


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SYDNEY, Australia (AP) - Two U.S. teammates, just one winner - and no surprise, that winner was Venus Williams.
U.S. Open and Wimbledon champion Williams, undefeated in her last 31 matches, advanced Monday (Sunday night EDT) to the Olympic finals by knocking off U.S. teammate Monica Seles, 6-1, 4-6, 6-3. Williams clinched at least a silver with her win.
After her victory, Williams said taking a gold medal was probably bigger than her Grand Slam victories. "It seems the ultimate thing is to have a gold," she said.
The survivor of the all-American semifinal next faces the winner of the other semifinal between No. 10 Elena Dementieva of Russia and unseeded Australian Jelena Dokic. The loser of that match faces the third-seeded Seles for the bronze.
Williams also remains in the running for a gold in doubles, where she is paired with her sister Serena.
TRACK: Three-time sprint gold medalist Gail Devers is after the one that got away. Devers, one of the world's top hurdlers for the last decade, has never won an Olympic gold in the hurdles. On Monday (Sunday night EDT), Devers won her first heat in the 100-meter hurdles - the first step toward filling that empty spot on her mantle.
Joining Devers in the second round were U.S. teammates Sharon Couch and Melissa Morrison.
Three Americans qualified Monday (Sunday night EDT) in the 1,500, but they will have their work cut out in the Olympic finals. Stanford teammates Michael Stember and Gabe Jennings, along with U.S. runner Jason Pyrah, made the cut in preliminaries.
They will face Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco, the world record holder, who has not lost at the distance since 1997.
Michael Johnson, the defending gold medalist in the 400, survived a wet track to qualify for the finals later Monday. Teammate Alvin Harrison, who finished just ahead of Johnson in their heat, will join him.
Australia's Cathy Freeman, running nine days after she lighted the torch in the Olympic Stadium, won her heat in the women's 400.
DIVING: On Sunday, Laura Wilkinson ended America's 36-year skein of diving futility by shocking the defending champion Chinese on the 10-meter platform.
Wilkinson, 22, was an unlikely candidate to duplicate the 1964 success of a longshot New Jersey teen named Lesley Bush. She was in fifth place early on, while the Chinese teen tandem of Sang Xue and Li Na were one-two.
But on her third dive in the finals, Wilkinson grabbed the lead and never surrendered it.
Making her victory even more unlikely, she wore a kayaking shoe to protect a foot broken in March, removing it only after scaling the 33-foot tower.
Wilkinson postponed surgery until after the Olympics - a decision that's hard to dispute now.
"I've gotten so used to it after the last six months that it's not that bad," Wilkinson said after ending China's string of victories at four straight Olympics.
WATER POLO: The American men, led by four goals from Chris Humbert, kept their medal hopes alive with a 12-8 victory over the winless Netherlands Monday (Sunday night EDT). The first U.S. win after two losses in Sydney made it likely that the Americans will advance into the medal round.
SAILING: Two Seattle brothers captured the first U.S. sailing medal of the games by taking their 49er to a bronze. Jonathan and Charlie McKee earned their medal with a strong finish Monday (Sunday night EDT) in Sydney Harbor.
The bronze leaves the U.S. team just one short of matching their disappointing total in 1996.
SOCCER: The biggest American star scored the biggest goal in the team's biggest game thus far at the games. Mia Hamm, knocked around by defenders throughout the game, knocked Brazil out of the Olympic soccer final with her goal in the 60th minute.
The score, Hamm's 127th in international games, stood up as the defending gold medalists notched a 1-0 semifinal victory. Goalie Siri Mullinix made sure that goal would be enough with a super save 10 minutes later on a shot by Brazil's Roseli.
The Americans take on Norway, which defeated Germany 2-1, in the final Thursday (Wednesday night EDT). The United States already beat Norway 2-0 in an opening round game.
WOMEN'S BASKETBALL: Intent on defending the 1996 gold, the U.S. women blew out Poland, 76-57, for their fifth straight win and first place in their preliminary group. Sheryl Swoopes and Yolanda Griffith scored 16 points each to lead the Americans into the quarterfinals, while Lisa Leslie added 14.
BASEBALL: Next stop, the medal round. The U.S. baseball team pounded Australia 12-1 in seven innings, a game stopped by the Olympic "mercy rule." The Americans (6-1) dominated in a game marred by a cold, driving rain, led by winning pitcher Kurt Ainsworth and four RBI by Brent Abernathy.
The Australians (2-4) finished out of medal contention.
Cuba (6-1) clinched the top seed in the baseball medal round by virtue of its 6-1 victory over the United States.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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After an exciting first day of Web Weekend, night 2 was just as exciting.
The second night of Web Weekend is highlighted by the Webbie Awards. Awarded to the top Dolphins fan sites around the country.
Before the awards got under way there were a couple of surprise guests including Dolphins GM Jeff Ireland, Dolphins CEO Tom Garfinkel and former Dolphins great John Offerdahl.
Ireland answered a few questions, including one on Reggie Bush where he adamantly said he does not regret his decision to let Reggie walk in free agency . Following Ireland, the new Dolphins CEO Tom Garfinkel was refreshing and seems to have the right attitude and personality to fit this organization.
Offerdahl then addressed the group with some great stories.
Shortly after the first Webbie of the night was awarded and Phins Phocus won some hardware.
Phins Phocus won the award for best news content.
The awarded can be attributed to all the hard work the team does and is a great honor to receive from the Miami Dolphins.
It is unbelievable to think about how far the site has come. I would like to thank all of you followers out there who support and read the site. This award is because of you.
Phins Up.


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Top Definition
slang for "born-again Christian"
"Ned Flanders is such a borno!"
-Homer J. Simpson
-Homer J. Simpson
dodane przez JohnnyLurg sierpień 18, 2011
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
also know as Burnu
a Turkish last name that comes from an area in Istanbul, Turkey "SariyaBurnu"
a Turkish last name that comes from an area in Istanbul, Turkey "SariyaBurnu"
I love David Borno!
dodane przez 5ello :) październik 01, 2011
Short for: boring porn. Also, pornography that is more horribly acted than can be tolerated, with boring, non-arousing sex acts, usually between people you aren't even vaguely attracted to.
Man, that was such borno my hand fell asleep.
dodane przez Left Coaster marzec 14, 2010
A pornographic account of a birth of a live baby. This could potentially turn the viewer on in some sick fashion.
"Dude did you see that hot borno?"
dodane przez babybastard maj 04, 2009


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I lost approx 18lbs following strict primal (not counting calories and only sort-of-estimating carbs) and I did not find it hard at all. I lost a little more than I intended as I found it hard to stop losing at first. Since then I have maintained the same weight for several months, which is actually a little trickier than losing in my opinion.
I don't think it's hard to lose weight on primal, what some people seem to find difficult is actually sticking to the blueprint. I do not fully understand this, but feel it is probably related to negative mindset and self confidence issues, strong unhealthy habits, addictiveness of SAD products, hormonal unbalances and various other factors from being too far out of kilter with diet and health for too long. They can't be insurmountable problems though, because many people have successfully pushed through to overcome them.
So, you think people are overeating on primal food? Rather than slipping back into eating the junk? I see lots of people confessing to succumbing to garbage even though they know it's wrong.
I'm directly guilty of what Annieh suggested. I fall off the wagon sometimes. If I'm eating primal, I lose weight. If I eat CW, I gain weight. I find it hard to overeat when eating primally.
High Weight: 225
Weight at start of Primal: 189
Current Weight: 174
Goal Weight: 130
Primal Start Date: 11/26/2012
Ok, I see the other side of the coin now and I accept that just because I found it relatively simple to lose (and I wasn't going for 50+ pounds either) doesn't mean others won't find it difficult for whatever reason. I hope I never said anyone was delusional though.
No, you didn't say that. But I have seen it said previously that people are deceiving themselves. And it does happen at times. Just not all the time.
There are lots of ways to lose weight. Primal and paleo are not "weight loss diets" they are ways of eating that lead to health - a benefit of said health is losing or gaining to and then maintaining a healthy weight.
I am someone who seems perpetually on a weight loss journey. Primal is not my problem. I feel great when I eat paleo/primal and I feel like crap when I eat processed junk. I gain weight when I eat 3-4K calories in a day, which is scary easy to do when you are eating fast food, or junk, or desserts (processed grains carry massive caloric cost for little benefit) and unhealthy oils compound the problem.
MY problem is disordered eating of the emotional binging variety. You will encounter dozens if not hundreds of people here who have disordered eating of some kind or another and don't even know it. You will find many who are just plain addicted to engineered-to-be-addictive processed foods.
Substance addictions are easier for some people to kick than others. Some people will be looking for "the next big thing" to help them lose weight for the rest of their lives. These forums are full of threads with the same handful of people jumping on to each new fad to make it work, and they backslide and fall victim not only to their own unrecognized disordered eating patterns, but an insistence on over-complicating primal eating. It's not rocket science, but a lot of us feel if we are not making things complicated (measure this, count that, restrict this, restrict that) that it's not going to "work."
There is literally nothing as simple in the world as "eat meat and veggies and fruit and some nuts and sleep well and move around some." For many, that very simplicity is what makes it so damn hard.
I find this whole conversation very interesting. I think that Primal is a great way to eat, for health.
I worry that I overeat, because I'm pretty sure thats my issue, but that being said I've had no problems "sticking" to primal (for whooohooo all of one week), but as i've mentioned elsewhere, hunger... oh, hunger.
And, is wine really "cheating"? Does it really matter?
surely thats not half as bad as eating a deep fried mars bar or something.
I lost around 50 lbs just following primal principles (plus no dairy, nuts, or eggs) - from a US size 14 to a 4/6. This was without counting of anything.
If I get lazy and eat white rice or sugar too frequently I will start to gain again.
Using low lectin/nightshade free primal to control autoimmune arthritis. (And lost 50 lbs along the way )


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We are fully committed to truancy sweeps. Our staff work closely with South Yorkshire Police to combat truancy, condoned absence and youth crime.
There are monthly truancy sweeps taking place across Sheffield and additional weeks of patrols which link in with the national strategy.
During a sweep every school-aged young person is stopped and their details taken. Many young people stopped are with an adult, without a justified reason for being absent from school.
All young people stopped without a justified reason for absence are followed up, and some information from truancy sweeps is used as evidence in court proceedings against parents.
For more information contact Diane Dewick, Service Manager - West Multi Agency Support Team on 0114 2735346.


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Football Outsiders ranked Orlovsky's performance against New England at #4 this week in terms of DYAR:
|Best known for running out the back of the end zone for one of the funniest safeties ever while playing for the 0-16 2008 Detroit Lions, Orlovsky spent the past two seasons on the bench of the Houston Texans. The team that is currently starting T.J. Yates at quarterback decided Orlovsky was not worth keeping around, and he made his way to Indianapolis. The Colts preferred Kerry Collins (who played like he was still retired) and Curtis Painter (who played like he'll soon be retired) before finally giving Orlovsky a chance against the team that could wind up as the AFC's top seed. Orlovsky responded with the game of his life. Down 28 points after three quarters, Orlovsky led the Colts to three fourth-quarter touchdowns before running out of time. (Fourth-quarter DYAR: 136.) It helped that he was playing against the Patriots' wretched secondary, but Orlovsky still played far better than could have been expected.


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Want to save money? A CenturyLink Bundle can help! There are so many CenturyLink Bundles available, including phone and Internet bundles and TV and Internet bundles. With so many options, you're sure to get all the services you need for one low price. And forget dealing with different monthly statements from different service providers. With a CenturyLink Bundle, you'll only have to handle one invoice each month. CenturyLink even offers a 3-Year Price-Lock Guarantee on select CenturyLink Bundles, meaning that the price of your package won't change for three years! There aren't many Internet providers in Denver who can compete with that.


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For the second time, Mayor Nutter intends to appeal a contract awarded to Philadelphia's firefighters as financially ruinous to the city, stretching their labor dispute into a fourth year.
The administration's plan became clear Friday when officials submitted their five-year financial plan to the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority.
Finance Director Rob Dubow said the firefighters' award, which included three years of pay raises and benefit increases, would cost the city $200 million over the next five years. That money was not in the plan as submitted.
"That's not affordable for us," Dubow said.
The appeal will be filed in Common Pleas Court next week, he said. The city's firefighters have been working without a contract or a pay increase since July 2009.


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- ITV Report
- ITV Report
Gold medallist returns home
Live updates
- ITV Report
Scott Brash sculpture to be built in Peebles
Showjumping's world number one, Scott Brash, is to have his own sculpture erected in his hometown of Peebles.Read the full story ›
- ITV Report
Investigations continue into £50,000 burglary
Police in South Cumbria are continuing to investigating the theft of £50,000 of goods from an equestrian centre near Haverthwaite.Read the full story ›
Olympic Gold Medallist Scott Brash Returns Home
Scott Brash has been giving people in his home town of Peebles in the Scottish Borders the chance to admire his medal.
He and his horse Hello Sanctos were part of the winning British showjumping team.
Full interview with Scott Brash
Scott Brash spoke to our reporter Jenny Longden.
Scott Brash shows off his Gold medal
- ITV Report
Gold medallist returns home
Gold medallist Scott Brash has returned home to the Scottish Borders following his Olympic triumph in London.Read the full story ›
- ITV Report
Olympic Bronze returns to Scottish Borders
Equestrian's Scott Brash and Caroline Powell have returned to the Borders following medal wins at London 2012 Olympics.Read the full story ›
Caroline Powell describes her Olympic achievement
Caroline says Lenamore was on great form, and that the crowds spurred them both on:
"He jumped fantastically on the cross country, we were 4 seconds over which was such a shame.
"He coped with the whole thing really well, the crowds really picked him up and as you were going round the cross country you could feel the adrenalin from the people, that kept everybody going, it was absolutely amazing."
She also says she hopes London 2012 has done a lot for the image of equestrian events:
"We were sceptical about it being in Greenwich, in the centre of London, but I think long term it has done the sport so well. I have people coming up to me saying 'I didn't know horses danced to music'. The understanding of what we actually do is starting to be a bit more realistic to people."
Olympic Medallists back in Borders
Equestrian's Scott Brash and Caroline Powell have returned to the Borders following medal wins at London 2012.
Caroline Powell, who lives in Kelso, won a bronze medal for New Zealand in the team eventing.
Her horse, former Burghley winner Lenamore, is kept in Newcastleton. He was the oldest horse competing in the eventing, at 19 years old. He is back at home resting for the winter.
However there is no holiday for Caroline, she has already been competing between her Olympic event and the closing ceremony. She will also fly out to New Zealand to celebrate with her team mates.
GB Equestrian team speak about their golden victory
The GB Olympic Equestrian team have spoken to ITV News about winning their gold medal at the London Olympics.
Part of the team was Peebles born Scott Brash who explained how he is looking forward to going home again.
The team which consisted of Nick Skelton, Ben Maher, Peter Charles and Brash beat the Dutch team in a jump-off and made Olympic history by gaining the first jumping gold for 60 years.


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Wendell Edwards previews GOP watch partyUPDATED 6:29 PM CST Nov 06, 2012
KOCO has you covered on Election Night, and Wendell Edwards is manning our GOP watch party coverage.
CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- Senate Avoids Government Shutdown by Passing Stopgap Spending Bill With $1.1 Billion for Zika Research
- Read the Cover Story: Brad & Angelina Split After 12 Years: It's Over
- Black-ish Star Yara Shahidi Explains Why Zoey Doubting Her Faith Is 'What Most Teenagers Go Through'
- Sharon Osbourne Says She's 'In a Really Good Place' Two Months After Taking Ozzy Back: 'I Adore Ozzy'
- Brad Pitt 'Cooperating Fully' with DCFS Investigation, Including Drug Test Request
People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- October 26, 1998
- Vol. 50
- No. 15
Fade to Black
Margaret Ray, the Woman Who Stalked David Letterman, Followed a Lonely Path That Ended in Suicide
Few other Americans mourned Margaret Ray, but many, reading or hearing that David Letterman's stalker had killed herself at age 46 on Oct. 5, recognized the name. This was the bizarre, seemingly harmless woman who from the late '80s into the '90s was lost in a delusion that the late-night host was as infatuated with her as she was with him. Ray first made headlines in 1988, when, apprehended after stealing Letterman's Porsche, she told police she was Mrs. Letterman and claimed that her son Alex, now 14, was the television star's son. Over the years, she broke into Letterman's $1.2 million home in New Canaan, Conn., at least four times and was found on the property or in the neighborhood on more than a dozen occasions. As Letterman, 51, said in a statement, her death marked the "sad end to a confused life."
Beyond her pathological fixation with Letterman and, more recently, retired shuttle astronaut Story Musgrave, 63, little was publicly known about the mother of five, other than the fact that her condition (diagnosed as schizophrenia or manic depression) had landed her repeatedly in jail and apparently left her increasingly isolated from her family.
But there was more to Margaret Ray than that. "She was always strange," says Haley, 49, who identified his friend's mangled body at the suicide site. "But she was one of the kindest, gentlest people." In an Oct. 8 column, New York Post contributor Peter Slatin, who knew Ray through artist Tom Ray, her surviving sibling, recalled a woman once "light-spirited and intense, a loving mother." A daughter, Anna-Lisa Johanson, of Washington, D.C., said in a statement that Ray was destroyed by a mental illness "just as deadly and just as painful as cancer. And unfortunately we are not at the point in our society...where we understand this disease and treat those who have it with the compassion they deserve."
Yet recently authorities had tried to intervene after Ray, for the most part transient, went to Florida in pursuit of her other celebrity fixation, Story Musgrave. Arrested in September 1997 for trespassing on Musgrave's property in Kissimmee, Ray kicked one Osceola County jail guard and threw a cup of urine at another. "Margaret knew she needed medication," says her friend Terry Ellingson, a bookkeeper in nearby St. Cloud. Put on an antipsychotic drug, Haldol, and sent to a Miami facility in March 1998, Ray emerged "rational and well-behaved," says assistant public defender Ken Komara, her lawyer. But as Judge Roger McDonald observed before releasing her in August, there was no way to make sure she would stay well.
His words proved prophetic. Ray, who was cunning enough to engineer a meeting with Musgrave in 1994 by pretending to be a reporter, chose not to cooperate with relatives or specialists. "She was able to sit down with a doctor, take a deep breath and convince him he was the crazy one," says a family friend. After leaving prison, Ray trusted instead in the kindness of her friends in St. Cloud and, later, back in Colorado, where she got by on disability. Before long "she had gone off the drug," says Haley. Two weeks after suspending the medication, she lay down before a coal train as it chugged past Hotchkiss, near Crawford. The suicide note she left, according to Delta County sheriff William Blair, "said, 'Please contact' and gave a name and a number. That's it."
Her gruesome denouement shocked those who had known the young Peggy Ray. The second of George and Loretta Ray's four children, she grew up in a middle-class family in Grayslake, Ill. "She was popular," says Laurie Poska Frank, 46, a classmate from Grayslake Community High, where Ray made the honor roll. "She was always ahead of everyone else, the first to wear a miniskirt." Frank adds, "She always seemed to be searching for something."
It was after she graduated in 1970 that her life began to unravel. Her parents divorced. (Slatin says her father, now deceased, was an alcoholic; her mother today lives in Connecticut, where she has custody of Alex.) Then two brothers, Bill and David, committed suicide two years apart. Both, Ray later told a psychiatrist, were schizophrenic.
According to Frank, Ray went to Marquette University in Milwaukee to study nursing, then dropped out in her sophomore year to marry. But her mental health began to decline by her early 20s, according to a family friend. By 1982, wrote Slatin, Ray and "four happy kids" were on a prolonged visit with her brother Tom in New York. Yet her marriage was ending, and her moods grew unpredictable. The children were sent to live with their father. Ray, staying in New York City, "was easy pickings for manipulative men," says Slatin. At some point she married again. A fifth child, Alex, was born around 1984, then she and the baby sank further into poverty.
In 1988, Ray became fixated on David Letterman. "She saw him on television one day," says Haley. "She was spellbound." On two occasions within 24 hours, Letterman himself discovered Ray on his premises and quietly phoned the police. Between 1989 and 1994, she was convicted on trespassing and related charges in five separate trials, serving a total of 31 months. Letterman, who testified against her in 1990, "wasn't vindictive," says public defender Jim Ginnochio, who represented Ray. "He wanted her to get help." (Ray, thrilled to be in court with the star, "got dressed up," says Ginnochio. "She wore peach-colored gloves.")
Freed, Ray bounced from place to place. "She was able to get around the country with almost no money," says the family friend. "She had figured out how [citizens' band radio] worked. Truckers who were sympathetic to her would call ahead and arrange rides." By now she was one of the few recognizable figures among the nation's estimated 175,000 homeless mentally ill. In March 1997, when she was picked up in North Fond du Lac, Wis., for stealing a cup of coffee in a diner, Lt. Bill Lamb realized whom he had in custody when she complained, "You are bigger simpletons and more incompetent than David Letterman!" After Ray was arrested at Story Musgrave's home last year—she walked 30 miles from Orlando in the dark, then hosed herself down naked and screamed his name—she told a psychiatrist she was known as a "celebrity stalker." Yet she wanted to undo her reputation and "start over," says Jeff Rassler, a St. Cloud locksmith and boyfriend of Ray's friend Terry Ellingson. "Now she's gone. She couldn't live as a normal person."
The day after her death, the couple received a package Ray had mailed from Colorado on Sept. 29. Inside, along with family photos, were four notes, including one to her oldest son, Jacob, in which she told him she remembered him as a remarkable child and knew he'd continue to be remarkable after she was gone. She signed it, "Love, your mother, Margaret Mary Ray."
Tom Gliatto
Vickie Bane in Colorado, Eric Francis in New Canaan, John T. Slania in Grayslake, Fran Brennan and Fannie Weinstein in Osceola County, Don Sider in Kissimmee and Julia Campbell in New York City
- Contributors:
- Vickie Bane,
- Eric Francis,
- John T. Slania,
- Fran Brennan,
- Fannie Weinstein,
- Don Sider,
- Julia Campbell.
More in the Archive
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September 28, 2016
Princess Kate, Plus Chris Pratt, Kendall Jenner, Adele and More!
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The most buzzed about stars this minute!


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My bun is my staple style around my house when my son is not napping. I prefer my hair down most of the time, but lately that just has not been feasible even on the weekends with captain destructo around.
Now that he is walking, things have been a little easier for my hair, because grabbing my braids and removing the hair from my nape area seemed to comfort him whenever he was in my arms.
I can't blame Jon totally, my hair is super fine, and the nape area being the most fragile, tangles very easily often creating knots almost in the middle of the strand. This is common among most women with very curly hair, and with breakage and chemical damage that some of us may endure, we have been forced to figure out ways of getting that area growing healthy again.
If you have a broken nape, and you want to find ways to nurse it back to health we have a few suggestions for you that might just do the trick.
1. Separate your nape hair from the rest of your hair
When you are working on portions of your hair, it is better to separate it from the rest so that you can focus on it, handle it in a gentler fashion than the rest of your hair and assess your progress.
2. Massage the damaged area with castor oil
Castor oil is probably the most popular and recommended oil for any sort of mild alopecia or as a general aid for hair regrowth. Massaging your scalp is known to get your blood flowing and the follicles jump started, when you do your massage, focus on the areas that need the most help making sure your hair is already well moisturized.
3. If you relax, save the nape area for last
Typically you would start your relaxer process wherever it is most comfortable for you so that you can get finished quickly. However if you are having problems with your nape area we would suggest processing that area last (along with the edges so that the chemical is not sitting on there for the longest amount of time.
4. Do not include the nape in any protective styles involving extensions
In the video we are about to show you the young lady is sporting a braided protective style, however she braids her nape area and does not add any kind of braided extension hair to it. This way the nape has no additional weight added to it and remains protected and un-tampered with for the duration of the style.
5. Protect Protect Protect
Keep your nape braided either in single individual braids or in a single cornrow across when you are not moisturizing and sealing it, that means 99.9% of the time. When you are wearing your hair down, the cornrow will be nicely hidden but your nape will be less likely to break. The moral of the story is, moisturize, seal and leave that nape alone until you are satisfied with your progress.
Check the video from KinkyStyles1980 below and see how she protects her nape.


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Evidence collected from two blazes about a mile apart in the Pinelands gives "clear indication" the fires were set, a state fire official said Sunday.
The blazes in the Winslow Wildlife Management Area in Camden County, on the south side of the Atlantic City Expressway, scorched about 400 acres Friday. The fires were still smoldering Sunday but had been contained, authorities said.
No specific cause of the fires had been determined, nor had any suspects been identified.
The fires were set between Thursday evening and Friday morning, said Michael Drake, acting state fire warden for the state Forest Fire Service. He declined to give details about the evidence, which was collected during the blazes and on Saturday.


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Ob/Gyn by The Sea LLC
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Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316 Phone number & directions
Video: Dr. Trudi Fahey, MD
Obstetrician & Gynecologist (OB/GYN) in Fort Lauderdale, FLTake a minute to learn about Dr. Trudi Fahey in this video. If you'd like to learn more, click on one of the links below.
Meet Doctor Trudi Fahey. Here are her vitals: She's board certified, specializing in Obstetrics & Gynecology. She has 7 years experience. The average for this specialty is 20 years. Highly regarded by her patients they rate her 3.5 out of 4 stars. They point out easy to set appointment. She has won a number of awards, including Patients' Choice Award 2010 and Compassionate Doctor Recognition 2009. Is affiliated with these top rated hospitals. Graduated from University of Florida. Her average waiting time is 21 minutes. She accepts new patients. She has a number of insurance plans accepted. Use Vitals.com to examine Doctor Trudi E Fahey from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. See patient comments make an appointment or even let us help you to prepare for your visit. Vitals .com where doctors are examined.


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Dave James Miller
- Occupation: Senior web developer at Alberon
- Specialties: PHP, WordPress, Laravel, MySQL, HTML, CSS, JavaScript
- Education: Computer Science BSc, University of Warwick
- Location: Oxford, England
- Birthday: 19th September 1985
- Personality Type: INTJ
I am a web developer from Oxford, England. Building websites has been my hobby since I was 12, and I've been doing it professionally since 2006. I have worked at Alberon since 2008, where I spend most of my time working on PHP websites, mainly using WordPress.
I also spend my most of my spare time programming – tinkering with my website or working on side projects. I also enjoy taking photos and cycling (when the weather's nice).
On this site you'll find my blog, photos, videos, open source projects and code snippets.


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|Pandora Extends Social Experience with Facebook Timeline App
Pandora Chief Technology Officer and EVP of Product,
Pandora listeners who wish to publish music activity to
The Pandora timeline app builds upon existing Pandora-based social features available on both mobile and web, including a personal music profile, music activity feed and the ability to easily follow friends and others with similar musical interests.
More details are available on the Pandora company blog at blog.pandora.com.
Facebook® is a registered trademark of
SOURCE Pandora
Amanda Livingood, +1-510-842-6996, firstname.lastname@example.com, or Dominic Paschel, +1-510-842-6960, email@example.com


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HOLLIDAYSBURG - Icicles hung from an ash-covered tree along Allegheny Street, standing in stark contrast to the charred, blackened remains of the four buildings destroyed by fire Thursday evening.
The ice and soot was a reminder of the eight-hour firefight handled by more than a dozen area fire companies trying to douse the flames that engulfed one of the oldest sections of the borough's business district.
Steam noiselessly seeped from beneath the rubble of the rear apartments that remained partially standing Friday morning. A lone green Hulk glove was visible in the rubble.
Article Photos
Mirror photo by Gary M. Baranec
A steady stream of people have stopped by the site of the fire on Allegheny?Street to look at the aftermath and snap photos with their cellphones. Residents have called Thursday's fire "devastating" and "a tragic loss."
Borough resident Marie Little, who worked on a committee to earn Hollidaysburg a spot on the National Register of Historic Places, said the strip of buildings dates back roughly 175 years.
A historic district plaque mounted near what used to be the front door of 115 Allegheny St. dates the home to 1839.
Most of the other homes are from the 1840s, Little said.
"The brick buildings were just as old, but ... were refaced at a certain time," she said.
Little said it will require a lot of work and attention to rebuild the 100 block of Allegheny Street, and the borough's Historical Architecture Review Board and Historic Preservation Commission will have to look at using the right models, materials and scale.
"It would be one of their first challenges," she said.
Borough Mayor John Stultz said the borough will soon approve an emergency demolition permit to tear down at least three, and possibly four, of the block's five buildings.
One of his employees, Lacey Cunningham, owns the four set to be razed. She was unavailable for comment, but Stultz said she told him she's "definitely planning to rebuild."
"That's a good thing," Stultz said. "They do have fire insurance on those properties, so that's an issue that's already been addressed - and thank God that's happened."
He said it's unclear what will be built there and when, but Stultz said Cunningham is a "good neighbor" and friend of the borough, and officials will work with her when she's ready.
"I feel very confident that our historic and architectural review boards will work with her on the plans, to build a structure that will contribute to the historic nature of the downtown," he said.
While many said they remain hopeful that someone can work to fill the large hole in Downtown Hollidaysburg that will be left when the buildings come down, it was devastating to many to watch such old structures burn.
"When I heard and saw it really, truly, it made me sad," Little said. "It made me really almost cry. I knew some of the people that lived in that area, too. And to see these buildings, which we've all grown accustomed to for the last 100 years. ... It's all gone."
One of the homes in particular carried significant historical value, Little said: 117 Allegheny St., where the fire originated in an apartment kitchen.
"It was owned by originally by Elizabeth Hurm in 1850s," Little said, "the only woman ever reported to buy a piece of property in her own name" at that time.
Women owning property in that era - and receiving credit for it if they did - was unheard of, Little said, but records show Hurm purchased the property with her money, and even the deed "noted it was hers," Little said.
Hurm also was a significant local figure, Little said, having married Adam Joseph Wolf, whose son, Charles Wolf, founded Wolf Furniture.
Although the home's been lost, people can find a silver lining in the response and love shown by local business owners and residents once they found out what happened, Little said.
"The neighborhood and the business people when it was reported, how generous they were ... it gives you an idea of how big their hearts are," she said.
Mirror Staff Writer Kelly Cernetich is at 946-7520.


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NBA Games
Chicago Bulls at Golden State Warriors
73 of 180 | Show all photos
Chicago Bulls head coach Tom Thibodeau directs his team during the second half of Game 3 of their first-round NBA basketball playoff series against the Brooklyn Nets, Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Chicago. The Bulls won 79-76. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast)


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Sony Declines to Comment on Report of Tie-Up Talks With Olympus
Sony Corp. today declined to comment on media reports it's near agreement to invest in Olympus Corp., the Japanese endoscope maker that admitted to accounting fraud last year.
Sony has made no decision and wasn't the source of the reports, the consumer electronics maker said in a statement to the Tokyo Stock Exchange today. Olympus yesterday denied a report by public broadcaster NHK that the two companies are in the final stages of talks.
"We haven't narrowed down the candidates for capital alliance," Tsuyoshi Oshima, a spokesman for Olympus, said by phone yesterday.
Sony will invest about 50 billion yen ($640 million) in Olympus and set up a company to manufacture medical equipment, NHK reported. Tokyo-based Olympus was in discussions with Terumo Corp., Asia's biggest maker of medical devices, Sony and Fujifilm Holdings Corp. about possible tie-ups, Olympus Chairman Yasuyuki Kimoto said in July.
The Nikkei newspaper also reported the 50 billion yen investment today, saying an agreement may happen within a month. Nikkei didn't give a source for the information.
Olympus restated earnings last year, taking a $1.3 billion cut in total equity, after admitting it paid inflated fees on takeovers and overpaid for three Japanese companies to conceal past investment losses.
Founded in 1919 as a microscope and thermometer business, Olympus is the world's biggest maker of endoscopes, used to look inside the body. It controls about 75 percent of the global market for the instruments, which are used to diagnose diseases such as colorectal cancer.
Olympus gained 1.9 percent to 1,555 yen in Tokyo trading yesterday before the NHK report. The shares have gained 54 percent this year, following a 59 percent plunge last year.


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Facebook Fan Photo Challenge: Show your Olympic spirit!
Upload your images to KCRA's u local community
UPDATED 2:59 PM PDT Jul 28, 2012
Show us your Olympic spirit and your photo could be featured on TV! Just download and print out one of the Team USA signs below, snap a picture with your sign and you could have your photo featured on KQCA at 10 p.m. during our Facebook Fan Photo of the Night segment.
Upload your photo to the Sports>Olympics>Olympics Challenge category for them to appear in the slideshow above. You can also send us your photos from your mobile device by emailing email@example.com.
Team USA Photo
Team Phelps Photo
Team Missy Photo
Team Lochte


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The Most Thankless Tasks for a ToddlerBeth Anne Ballance
I love my kid. I love being his momma and watching him grow and learn things. 99.9% of the time, he is the absolute light of my life and worth every bit of tears and sweat that got us to this moment on this day, when he's three and I'm his momma and we just love the snot out of each other.
Taking care of him is like, the most thankless job ever.
That sound you hear is the rabble of agreement from mothers for the past dozens of centuries along with mixtures of, "DUH."
Sometimes it feels like the things I try to do best for him, from his nutrition to his pajamas to his car seat are the things he resents most in his life. Take the car seat – something that protects his life. I pick out the best one, make sure it fits, burn mad calories wrestling him into every day, and need to go to confession over the swear words I say every few months when I adjust the straps. Then today, he tells me that he hates his car seat.
Or how I make him this crazy-awesome bath with awesome bubbles and new toys and he's like, "Can I take a shower tonight?"
::sigh:: Motherhood, I love you. I really do. But you are tough. Here's my list of the most thankless things I do for the kid. Feel free to add your own in the comments.
Cooking for him 1 of 7He asks for pancakes. I make the most glorious chocolate chip pancakes with strawberries and whipped cream and he looks at me like I just served him dirt. Okay, kid. Next time you get Ragu in a can. Whatever.
Getting him dressed 2 of 7He's a slippery little eel, that kid. I love him, but I've also been known to grab him by the ankles & drag his tush over to me so I can wrangle him into a pair of jeans. Then he laughs and dances away & I drag him back for his tshirt. No wonder I'm sweating by the time I get to the car.
His taste in music 3 of 7I can't tell you how many times I've listened to the opening song from Cars on the way to daycare. Or the grocery store. Or the park. I can recite the entire thing but I'm not allowed to sing it because apparently "that's his song."
Cleaning the house 4 of 7The moment I mop the floor, he tracks in mud. We dump out toys to play, he cries when I ask him to clean up. Let's face it - as the popular saying goes, keeping house with a toddler is like brushing your teeth while eating Oreos.
The carseat 5 of 7Sure, it's for his protection. But getting him in & out, him wanting to do it by himself, or me having to hulk-man him into it? No, thank you. Plus the pain of adjusting the straps every few months.
Laundry 6 of 7It's the never ending story, lalalalalalalalalala! (Do you have that earworm yet?) I feel like no matter how much I try to keep up with his clothing, what he wants to wear is always dirty.
Potty Training 7 of 7Is there anything I can say about this that I haven't said before? I hate potty training. I offer him prizes and treats and he still prefers for me to wipe his bum. COOL.


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HOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 237
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Stephen Kulik
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in General
The undersigned legislators and/or citizens respectfully petition for the adoption of the accompanying bill:
An Act establishing a snowmobile educational safety program..
HOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 237
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
In the Year Two Thousand Eleven
An Act establishing a snowmobile educational safety program..
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 9 of chapter 90B of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2006 Official Edition, is hereby amended by inserting after Section 9B the following section:--
Section 9C. Educational safety program; snowmobiles
Section 9C. The division of Environmental Law Enforcement in conjunction with the Snowmobile Association of Massachusetts (S.A.M.) is hereby authorized and directed to establish an educational safety program for the operation of snowmobiles. All persons aged 12 and above and born after July 1, 1998 or 1999 who operate snowmobiles on private or public land and frozen bodies of water, shall be required to successfully complete said program unless he or she is operating on land owned or leased by his or her parents, family or guardian or the operator is the land owner.
(A) A person who is required to have a certificate of snowmobile education shall:
(i) possess the certificate when operating a snowmobile on public or private lands and frozen bodies of waters of the state, and
(ii) show the certificate on demand of an enforcement officer wearing an insignia identifying him or her as a law enforcement officer. However, no person charged with violating this subdivision shall be convicted if the person produces in court, to the officer, or to a state's attorney, a certificate which was valid at the time the violation occurred.
(B) The following persons are exempt from the requirements of this section:
(i) a person is operating on land owned by his or her parents, family or guardian or the operator is the landowner.
(ii) any other person exempted by rules of the division.
(iii) any person who is under the direct supervision of a certified snowmobile safety instructor.
(C) The director of said division in conjunction with S.A.M. shall establish the program criteria and content and shall determine the minimum safety skills necessary for said persons to operate snowmobiles. State rules shall be adopted to coordinate a statewide program of snowmobile safety instruction and certification and ensure that a course of safety education is available free of charge in appropriate counties of the state.
(D) Any course of snowmobile safety education that is offered shall provide a minimum of six hours of instruction.
(E) The division or its designee shall issue a certificate of snowmobile safety education to a person who:
(i) passes a division prescribed course of snowmobile safety education; or
(ii) passes a snowmobile safety equivalency examination administered by persons authorized to offer a course of snowmobile safety education.
(F) The division shall provide, without charge, snowmobile safety education materials to persons who plan to take the snowmobile safety class.
(G) Once issued, the certificate of snowmobile education is valid for the lifetime of the person to whom it was issued.
(H) The division shall replace, with minimal charge, a lost or destroyed certificate if the division issued the certificate or has a record that the certificate was issued.
(I) A snowmobile safety certificate issued in another state or country in accordance with or substantially equivalent to criteria of the International Association of Snowmobile Administrators is sufficient to comply with the requirements of this section.