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'Men of a Certain Age' - 'Let the Sunshine In': Mid-season post-mortem with Mike Royce
"Men of a Certain Age" wrapped up the first half of its season tonight, and the end came so quickly that a lot of us (myself included) were a little shocked to realize we'd only be getting 6 of the season's 12 episodes now, with the rest coming in the summer.
So when I got a chance to talk to the show's co-creator Mike Royce during an afternoon at press tour, I asked him about the odd scheduling, and he said he and Ray Romano take the full blame for it. In lieu of a review of the mid-season finale - which I thought had some funny moments at the hotel (particularly Owen's heater) and then some fine acting from all three leads in the final scene - I'm going to run the full transcript of my conversation with Royce, which covered the scheduling, TNT's feelings about the show, the stories told so far this year, and even a few hints about the back half of the season. Some very mild spoilers, but "Men" is a show that's kind of spoiler-proof, no?
The first and most obvious thing is people are freaking out about the 6 episode thing, so please walk us through that.
Well, the thing is this was always the plan. We had a number of no- great choices. Mostly based on our unwillingness to do more than 12 episodes. Ray actually had to have his arm twisted just to do 12. He wanted to do 10. He wanted to do it basically just like last year. He would have preferred - and actually I would have preferred in a perfect world - to just run 10. You know, who cares when it's on? The problem was last year we ran 6 episodes, and TNT has all these deals with the NBA, so when January rolls around their Monday nights start getting taken up, plus there's no lead in - not that we're the most compatible show with "The Closer" - but nonetheless, we'd be even more out there (alone). So what happened last year was we ran 6, then took a week off. Everybody thought we were canceled or something. And the ratings had been going up from the premiere, and then they were in the toilet for the 7th and 8th episodes. And there was another week we had to take off, then 9 and 10 we kind of came up a tiny bit because of the season finale, but the rating just went off a cliff. So TNT wanted to put us on in the summer (of 2010), and there was no way that we could turn things around that quickly.
So this was what they proposed: "Why don't you do 4 and 8, or 6 and 6?" And the problem with doing less than 6 is you're not eligible for things - Emmy-wise and things like that. Otherwise we could have maybe done a mini-season - and then that would have pissed somebody off too. It all pisses everybody off, but the bottom line is that this is the only way we can get on into the summer because the summer is where the ratings are. And for us, it's the best plan even though it sounds like right now it's pissing people off.
But the alternative, and TNT did indeed leave it up to us, would have been to say, "No, TNT. We know better. We're going to run the 10 again just like before." And then we might have our ratings suck and then have them go, "Well, see, we told you so and sorry." You know, that's the end of everything. So right now, I wouldn't say they're happy with the numbers, but we're not dead or anything like that. We've been reassured so many times because Ray and I obsess about it.
Ray's not neurotic. What are you talking about?
Yeah. (laughter) I don't think we can go down a hell of lot more. But I think we're okay and the summer should probably bring in with it a built-in lift, and then hopefully we'll get some more people to it as well. And the good thing is, honestly speaking you can start watching in the summer. I think you will feel like you missed something but you won't be confused.
And ideally if the next…if the summer 6 do well and you get renewed for a 3rd season, would the idea be to duplicate this or to just do the summer next time?
I think the idea is to just do the summer but to be honest I don't know. They might come and say, "Hey, that worked pretty good, the 6 and 6." They like to split them up. And our problem is it's good to split them up if they have 15 or 16 so they do 4 and 12. We're never probably going to do that many, but then again I make no promises.
So you knew though that going in writing this season that "Let the Sunshine In" would be the last episode to air for quite awhile?
We did. We didn't know right away when we started the writing, but we knew pretty early on so we were able to kind of adjust what we had already started to make it feel like a finale.
The taco truck scene is very much a...
Right, right. It's semi-reminiscent of the end of the season last year where they have 3 epiphanies.
So what kind of story do you feel you were trying to tell in these 6?
I think sometimes people think our show is a lot of navel gazing and moping, because when you hear "mid-life crisis," that's just what comes to mind. And that always bugs me because I feel like we're not doing that. That actually the show is a lot about not doing that. The first season was about the guys waking up to, "Hey I'm not necessarily happy with where I am." And the season is about figuring out about what to do about it. This season they're doing something about it, you know?
I want to talk about what you said about how a lot of the show is about working with against the expectation of the mid-life crisis. A lot of the show seems to be working against expectation in general. I write about that in my reviews a lot. Like, Albert goes to the party and nothing really bad happens. And that's interesting.
There's a number of reasons why that makes me happy, if that's what people are enjoying, that's what we're going for. I think it's rooted in storytelling, and we have such small stories that they have to be both realistic and surprising which is tough to do. And I learned from someone good, which is ("Everybody Loves Raymond" creator) Phil Rosenthal. I think that is funny because they're 2 very different shows - "Raymond" and "Men of a Certain Age" - but our writing process can be very similar just in terms of the nuts and bolts of it. It was a very similar process, and the way Phil thought about story even though sometimes the story seemed to be insanely small, the twists and turns were always still there. And it played out in both realistic ways, within a sit-com format. But the stories can be very surprising, too. Yeah, a lot of the situations are "cliché" situations, so then how we tell the story has to be not a cliché.
Like, ever since we started the show, Ray wanted to do the colonoscopy weekend. Since the first day in the writers room of last season. And we kind of knew if we did a show that involved that in any way last season, well... everybody already thinks the show is about Viagra and all that bullshit. And also, we didn't have a story. But he had heard about how Tom Hanks and a couple of other celebrities did this: went to some fancy resort and make kind of a weekend out of it. They played poker all night while they were cleaning themselves out. I don't know all the details, but Ray thought it was just a natural idea. Obviously, they're turning 50 and this is something you do when you turn 50. But, of course, the whole situation is fraught with horribleness. Horrible cliché and it's just disgusting, so we just knew that that part of it was kind of a Macguffin. That it had to be something driving the story but that wasn't really the story. And so that, I think, is a pretty good example of if you're doing a show about guys turning 50 and you do a show about a colonoscopy, there's a lot of hacky ways to go about it and there's a lot of hacky and predictable outcomes and a lot of wrong turns you can make if you, say, have someone be diagnosed in the show with something horrible. And we didn't want to do any of that. So it seemed like a natural thing for all the stories we were telling to come to a little bit of a resting point for them to then chew on it while they were all together.
I also noted that you jump from them in the elevator to them getting ready for the exam. You do not take us though the whole night of them stuck on the toilet.
Right. Well the punchline for the whole thing really is that Tucker Cawley, who wrote it, did such a fantastic job. In the writers room of course it's very foul, like it is in any writers room. Tucker became sort of the butt of the joke, because he hates shit jokes. Anytime those jokes start taking hold in the writers room, he tries to stop it. He taps out. And then we handed this show off to him. And that's actually where the whole little scene about "You're not going to make all these little ass jokes," and the guys are going, "No, that's half the fun." came from. I don't think we could have made Tucker write that part even if we wanted to.
What I'm wondering is, in the writers room, when an idea comes up and is the cliché, how does that work? Are you going through and asking, "What would a usual show do in this situation? Do we need to run away from that?" Or is that not even brought into it?
Sometimes we say that. Sometimes it becomes literally, "Okay, that's the cliché. Let's just not do that." But it's really - I don't want to sound heroic - but it's just usually more organic that than. It's just a story we're telling because we embrace clichés sometimes if it's natural - clichés are clichés for a reason. The story about Joe discovering Lucy having sex and all that stuff. I think that where he confronts her is certainly a scene you've seen versions of before, but the way they played it and hopefully the specificity of the writing helped it stand out. I mean Ray was so fantastic in it. What I personally liked about it was that the story started out over here with the divorce and almost a Ray Barone obsession with that little tiny thing where he's "the defendant," but it quickly became really about a much bigger thing in his life and that notion that I found very relatable when you get to 40-50 that just the whole world is changing and you can't stop it.
Now, the idea of the mind bet and someone following it so absolutely, does that come from somewhere or was that wholly an invention?
Oh that was Ray's. Ray does that. You didn't know that? I thought you knew that.
I didn't know that. Though that doesn't surprise me to know that.
No, no. We actually tried to do it on "Raymond." We tried to do a show about it. A long time ago, Ray (Romano, not Barone) had a gambling problem. It was pretty brief and he was fortunate enough to have it happen, as he says, before he had any money, and he went to GA and it's a way long time ago. But he does do this mind bet thing. And I don't want to say he has it under control, but he had to put a curb on it for himself. Because what he does is, he gambles in his head because it's something like a game whatever, and if he loses he can't do something. It's always a punishment. That's what we always make fun of him, like he never wins anything. There's no prize.
But as he says, it in a very strange way replicates a little bit of that feeling when you've got more riding on the game. And now I think he's limited to golf because he'd be in these situations where he'd piss people off because things would happen like on our show, except in a much bigger way. He'd lose things that'd involve other people. He'd fuck up their schedules, like he would cancel long-standing golf dates because "I can't play golf for 3 months because the Giants didn't cover." And we tried to do that story on "Raymond," and it just didn't work because without the character who actually has a gambling background just sounds insane. It just becomes this obsession that's pretty insane. But that was another thing that he always wanted to work into the show and it seems like a perfect coping mechanism for Joe. We were worried that the audience would be confused by what the hell it was, but I think we hit it enough times that people will be on-board for the end.
I feel bad for Owen. There are good churrascaria right here in town. You don't have to go out to Palm Springs for meat on swords. I've been to one in Glendale, I think.
I've been to one in Burbank.
Speaking of Glendale, what, if anything, can Owen do with the other property his dad stuck him with? Because you ended that episode with him going to see it. Was that just him recognizing the enormity of the problem is that him coming up with a plan?
I think it's both. We just thought it was good to end the episode on "the thing that's standing in my way.. The albatross that I have now." And what happens with that is something you'll have to wait and see on.
What idiot advertising director does not think that Melinda McGraw is hot enough to be in a commercial?
Mike:Yeah, we had that discussion. We're like, "We cast someone too beautiful." The great thing is, that discussion goes on all over Hollywood, but that's happened, you know? "She's not hot enough." "She's not hot enough." "SHE is not hot enough?" And it happens with much younger people even and it becomes this crazy thing. I've luckily been mostly immune to shows that operate in that world, you know? But it's completely nuts. So we knew that it actually didn't matter who was playing that role, but that story would have worked because there would be a douchebag somewhere saying, "You know what? I'm not feeling it with her. She's not hot enough."
Obviously, unlike a divorce, Terry can always change his mind and go back to acting, but how interested are you in seeing him not do that for awhile?
What I would say about Terry, first of all, is he, in a way, he has the most to accomplish. All the other guys have a lot of shit that he just doesn't have. Whether he wants it or not is a different story but there's baseline elements of your life that he just doesn't have. So we think it's more interesting to see him try to be a different person than try to stay the same, you know? Because there's those guys, too, who are like, "I want to try to retain my bachelor, my ability to pick up young girls and my whatever. I don't want any of it to go away." And we feel like with him, something sort of turned because of the stuff that happened in the first season and he's really making a go of this whole thing. It's hard for people to change. Our view is they can change, but it's really hard. So you work all the time.
The fact that he found something else he can do is interesting, and at the same time, he still knows how to do the other thing. And the thing about him turning down the commercial, some people are like, "No actor will turn down a commercial. That's crazy." But I think we tried to be as fair with the details and still make it something that would be attractive to him but also it still would be embarrassing. We felt like Terry felt like he had just started turning the corner in his new life. And that this was in some ways enough of a weird backslide that he first had to be convinced into it, and then when he realized there was more bullshit and meant maybe that he wouldn't be able to see (Erin) again, that would put it over the top. Not to make him too heroic. There's selfishness to it also.
When I saw the scene at the taco stand and Owen wants to tell them about the dealership, I said to myself, "Oh, shit, he's lost his ability to tell his friends about this stuff because Terry works there now." But he tells them anyway. Is their friendship that strong that Terry's going to keep that secret?
Well, I wouldn't say that's a huge plot point going forward. (pauses to think) Well, it depends on how you look at it. One thing I would say is that enough time passes between this show and then the first one of the summer where he has told Melissa by the time we get to the summer.
And Donny Most will then offer Owen a job too and all will be well.
That was great! You know, a childhood friend of mine, who's an actress, says one line in that scene, so it was her and then the guy we used to watch on TV all the time.
Is he going to be back?
He could be. We'll say if we get to a 3rd season, we want to do more and more with Melissa. She's like the 4th Man of a Certain Age - or a Woman of a Certain Age, and her situation is I think hopefully very relatable to women.
You mentioned on Twitter that Andre's lost something like 50 pounds. He definitely looks thinner on the golf scenes.
You start to see if more and more in the summer. In the summer you'll really start to see how thin he is.
So do you have to start writing about that?
We have a line in one of the episodes, I think it's in the summer, starting to address that. I mean it's not like he's svelte.
Yeah, I know. He's not going to go Frank Pembleton, but I remember when you and I talked at the end of season 1, I asked how are you going to deal with it if and when he lost weight.
We haven't had to deal with it that much. We deal with it a little bit but it works perfectly for the character that he's actually taking care of himself, you know? We can always have a backslide. But his health issues we didn't do too much with, at least not yet I should say, in the winter, because we felt like that's something that he had under control in the character. The character had a little pump that we showed at the beginning of the season. We have a writer, strangely enough, who's diabetic, and we didn't know that when we hired him - it just became this extra bonus consultant thing. He always assures us, because sometimes, we felt like, "Boy, Owen eats like shit." And he said, "Well, there's plenty of bad diabetics. They just don't take care of themselves." It's like you're taking your body in places it shouldn't go.
So when I interviewed Ray at the start of the season, he made this joke about how he wants Joe to just be kissing women left and right. And that's happened a fair amount so far.
I think he jokes too much about that only because I think people think that that is the reality that he's in the writers room going, "Give me a little kiss." And it's actually quite the opposite, where he's like (Ray Romano impression) "Oh so people are going to buy this? Come on." Once we actually start doing it - start writing the story where someone's attracted to him - he's really worried that it's not going to seem realistic. And that definitely happened when we had the situation where he's dating two women. He's like, "Oh we've gotta really be careful." But I have friends who are divorced and it's an interesting thing to be someone who's a commitment person, who's suddenly thrown out into the world and you're not in a place where you want to make a commitment now. And at the same time that's how you're wired. So we thought that was the way to go about it is that that's an interesting story to tell. He's not Terry by any stretch. He's the opposite of Terry. But he is in Terry's world now.
And when he tries to be Terry, he screws it up.
Yeah, that was interesting. That scene at the door - we knew that people would view that in about 100 different ways, yeah. And Jessica (Tuck) was so good.
Was it always your plan to have Michelle come back when you introduced her last season?
It wasn't (the plan) last year. It was just she was so great in that episode and we knew we wanted to get Joe into a place where he's dating. By the way, you haven't seen the last of Dory.
Okay. That's good.
I can't really talk about it beyond that, but the problem with Dory is, if he goes right back with Dory for the start of the season, we felt that like that was going to be a whole relationship there, and that's not where Joe is right now. And we're not sure that's the most interesting story to tell, you know? The most interesting story to us was the commitment guy, and how his brain isn't right for the way his situation is. So Michelle seemed like the perfect person to do this with. And also just the realistic way for him to sort of almost stumble into this weird on-again/off-again if you want to call it a relationship, you know?
Okay. But is the relationship thing tricky sometimes. One of them is already married, one of them is now sort of getting into a serious relationship and in general when you're in a relationship, especially a new relationship, you don't necessarily have as much time for your buddies.
That's interesting. You know I never have thought about it that way, although the first show of the summer kind of is the interesting take on that without us even (consciously) doing it. To me, it's always interesting. People and the network, and for that matter us, love it when the guys are together. And obviously they have a great chemistry, and at the same time you have to do a show realistically speaking where they're people with lives and they can't get together all the time. It's always hilarious to me that people still complain, "How do they have all that time to meet?" And meanwhile, mostly in every show they might meet once, you know? They meet once or twice sometimes. And the show can take place over a week or a couple of weeks. But there's always going to be a tension whether there's people who want them to be together all the time and at the same time you put them together all the time then the show, first of all is going to suck and second of all—who are they? You know? So we're always looking for ways to get them together but it's really mostly about, "Okay, what's the stories we're telling?" I feel like we've already sort of addressed the fact hopefully, realistically that they have lives and they can't get together all the time.
When you're working on what stories you're going to tell in a given episode, are they always thematically linked - like for instance, in "The Bad Guy," very clearly there's a commonality to all three. Is that always what you go for, or are there some weeks where it's just, "This is the story we're telling about Joe at this point, this is the story with Terry," and they're just occupying the same hour?
We like them to be thematically tied together. It's sometimes stronger, sometimes not as strong. I would say there's always something thematically holding them together. We try to have the titles help guide that a little bit, but sometimes then that ruins it, so we don't do that. You know I was actually regretting "And Then The Bill Comes". We went with that title because that's something that John Manfrelotti says as a punch line all the time. We thought that was funny to throw that in that particular episode. And then just about that was about it air, I was like, "Oh, we're kind of tipping our hands."
Okay, without spoiling what happens in the summer, what can people necessarily look forward to in the back six?
Things accelerate. I would say we've done some pretty meaty shows, but the shows get even meatier. Mostly based on what we've now set up some things and we're starting to pay them off. And, yeah, the first few are just really just some punches emotionally. There's some big stuff happening. It's all the arcs: you keep following Owen dealing with his situation at the dealership, but also with Melissa and her job. And we kind of have left Joe and the golf on the backburner a little bit, and we deal with that. And then Terry - when he ends the sixth episode by saying, "I think I'm in love" well, we'll see what happens.
Well, your show isn't necessarily plot-heavy, and viewers don't need to know what the island is or anything. But in the unfortunate event where the ratings are not what TNT is going to want to renew, have you written the 12th episode with that in mind? You said that the 1st season finale was written that way.
We did, but only with like a 10% focus on that. I think we were more interested in closing the season than we were the series. I think I may have overstated that in terms of I think a side benefit was, "Well, if we only have one season, at least they got someplace." I think the same thing happens here, but I think it will be a little more frustrating (if we're canceled). I think just because I think people want to see what happens. But I like to try and follow the Matt Weiner dictum of burning through all the story that you think you should save for the 5th season and then see where you end up. Not that we have, like you said, a lot of plot, but let's get them to this place and then see how they get from this place to that place, and then you don't know what the next place is going to be because we thought that was going to be the end of the series.
Alan Sepinwall may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Zoo Tycoon Screenshots for Xbox 360On: Xbox 360, Xbox One
Zoo Tycoon returns back and bigger than ever on Xbox 360 and Xbox One.
Review Verdict Read Review
5Out of 10Back to game info
Latest Articles for Zoo Tycoon
Zoo Tycoon on Xbox 360 doesn't support Kinect, has 50% smaller zoos and is offline-only
Big features cut from current-gen Zoo Tycoon, Microsoft reveals. "Basically banking on the Xbox One community".

subset: commoncrawl


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Largest option buying in equities so far
David Russell | [email protected]
EMC (EMC): A block of 6,200 March 26 calls was purchases for $0.29 as investors look for upside in the cloud-computing stock. EMC rose 1.50 percent to $24.96.
Anadarko Petroleum (APC): More than 7,500 March 75 calls were purchased for $8 to $8.20 against open interest. That suggests an investor is closing a short position in hope that the shares will continue to climb. APC rose 2.20 percent to $82.27.
Ford Motor (F): Some 11,500 March 14 calls were purchased for $0.15 as investors position for upside in the share price. F rose 1.71 percent to $13.10.
Copano Energy (CPNO): Some 5,600 May 29 puts were bought for $0.05 as an investor closed a winning short position in the contracts following a big move last month. CPNO fell 0.15 percent to $38.65.


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Time04:00 PM
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LocationStapleton Baptist Church
360 Harvey Street
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ContactDr. Don Tew
Phone: (706) 360-9085
DescriptionA Bible-based course designed for those experiencing or who have experienced extraordinary tensions within their family relationships.10 Week Course Facilitated byDr. & Mrs. Donald TewNo cost, but reservations needed.Please call (706) 360-9085 by April 1st.


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AAPG Chapter at the University of Manchester
Thanks for visiting the website! Established in 2005 in Manchester, the student chapter now has over 100 members and counting! We aim to put on a great calender of social and educational events during the year and increase our membership. We want to promote careers in the oil and gas industry and academia.
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The student chapter are strongly affiliated with the Basins Studies Group at Manchester. It is one of the largest groups of researchers in the UK with expertise in terrestrial and marine surface processes, sedimentology, seismic and sequence stratigraphy and basin tectonics. Click the image for more information.
Founded in 1917, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) is currently the world's largest geological society. The Student Chapter Program of AAPG includes over 150 chapters globally and provides students the opportunity to develop leadership skills and serves as a focal point for developing a feeling of professionalism through meeting industry representatives.
The Manchester Student Chapter has been recently established, aiming to attract a cross section of undergraduates, masters and PhD student members. The purpose of the organisation is to promote education and networking opportunities within the general field of petroleum geology. This will provide opportunities for our fellow students to learn more about a career in the geoscience industry. We plan on doing this by hosting regular seminars from a range of company representatives (as well as academic staff) that will hopefully give an insight into life in industry. In addition to this, the student chapter will organise social events, special competitions, and take part in the Imperial Barrel Award.
Although the chapter may seem petroleum orientated, our job is not to influence students into a petroleum career, but to help and allow them to make up their own mind about what career and company they are looking for, be it academia or industry. Hence we feel that this is highly important for students, who often go through much of their undergraduate degrees without much exposure to industry, and we will persevere to provide all students with the information and experience of industry needed to make the right choice for them.


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Full CoverageBreaking News
Permit winners say liquor sales good for local economyUPDATED 10:39 AM CDT Jun 13, 2013
Winners in the drawing for liquor permits in Benton County say they believe sales will create jobs.Video Transcript
OWNERS GOT THE NEWS THEY'VE WAITED MONTHS TO HEAR. THE OK TO SELL LIQUOR IN A COUNTY THAT'S BEEN DRY SINCE WORLD WAR TWO. AS 40/29'S BRETT RAINS SHOWS US--- IT'S THE SINGLE LARGEST APPLICATION PROCESS THE STATE HAS EVER SEEN. IT'S NEW TONIGHT. "This is the stack of over seventy liquor permit applications here at the Alcoholic Beverage Control in Little Rock. Today only fifty five of these applications will receive permits" "we've dealt with ten permits, but we've never dealt with fifty five permits at one time" MICHAEL LANGLEY, DIRECTOR FOR THE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL, SHUFFLED THE NUMBERS FOR A PACKED ROOM. ALL WERE HOPING TO HAVE THEIR CHANCE AT SELLING LIQUOR IN BENTON COUNTY. "it went great, we got pulled" "it's a huge deal, it's life changing" ALAYNA BENNETT AND HER FIANCE MATT, ARE PLANNING ON OPENING TWO STORES. "we've got one location in Bentonville and one location in Rogers so now after the board hearing we're going to have to go up there and open them up" SOME HAVE WAITED FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY FOR YEARS, AND SAY LIQUOR SALES SHOULD BE A BIG BOOST FOR THE COUNTY. "we started the wet dry petition drive, we failed but not by much, it started up again a couple of years ago and we're glad to see it finally finished" "it's going to be pretty good for business in Benton County, a lot of new jobs are going to be coming in, distribution areas are going to be coming in, so we'll see a lot more income and a lot more jobs" BILL ADAMS IS A VETERAN. HE PLANS ON OPENING A STORE WITH OTHER FELLOW VETERANS. "we said we'd like to go ahead and put our names into the lottery to open up a store, basically run by veterans, we're going to employ as many veterans as we can, and we'll even use some of the profits to help some of the veteran causes" "Next the ABC will verify that all liquor stores are in full compliance, like not being too close to churches or schools. In Little Rock, Brett Rains 40/29 news" THE BOARD WILL MEET AGAIN FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF THOSE PERMITS JULY 17TH THROUGH THE 19TH. THE ABC DIRECTOR SAYS THAT LIQUOR STORES SHOULD BE OPEN FOR BUSINESS BY AUGUST.
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A longed-for love, half a world away: that subject gained for the troubadour Jaufre Rudel a lasting place in medieval songbooks as well as in the legends of his time and ours. A nobleman of Blaye in southwest France, he was dispossessed of his lands by his overlord, Guillem IX of Aquitaine (1071-1126) who "seized the Blaye stronghold and levelled its walls and tower" (Rosenstein 503) when Jaufre was in his twenties. Virtually nothing else is known about him except that he composed his songs of spiritual and political exile during the second quarter of the twelfth century. A highly romanticized account of his life, or vida, written during the thirteenth century, created a biography from six songs he wrote about his love. A …
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M. Davis, Judith. "Jaufre Rudel". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 03 November 2006
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=11751, accessed 30 September 2016.]


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Advanced thermal management materials for heat sinks used in microelectronics
Ekpu, Mathias, Bhatti, Raj, Ekere, Ndy and Mallik, Sabuj (2011) Advanced thermal management materials for heat sinks used in microelectronics. In: EMPC-2011: 18th European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference. IEEE Conference Publications . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 1-8. ISBN 9781467306942Full text not available from this repository.
Thermal management materials used for heat sink in laptop computers is reviewed in this paper. In laptop computers, heat sink plays a vital role of dissipating heat from the system. Heat sink is a vital component in a laptop computer because it dissipates the heat generated by the system. The overall efficiency, cost, and size of the system could be influenced by the heat sink device. Four selection criteria; thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, density, and cost were abducted for selecting a laptop computer heat sink material in this paper. An ideal heat sink material exhibits high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, low density, and low cost. Aluminium and copper are mainly used for laptop computer heat sinks. Aluminium is used where weight reduction is needed while copper is used when weight is not considered as a major factor. However, the high demand for materials with low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity is due to the use of ceramic materials for substrates. Aluminium and copper fall short of the required coefficient of thermal expansion hence the need for advance composite materials. Based on the four selection criteria for a laptop computer heat sink material, Al/SiC has superior property potentials and is recommended as a near optimum material for this purpose.
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From 414000.00 COP
The name Victoria Regia refers to an elegant Colombian water lily that floats in the Amazon and it is known for the strength of its leaves. The hotel reflects its beauty and vigor.
True to its architectural concept of elegant lines and rich materials, this five-star hotel is the ideal combination of the classic and contemporary.Renowned architect Miguel Soto has achieved a fine blend of elegant and modern French style, with characteristic local features, creating a welcoming and distinctive design. The French art de vivre is seen in every detail.Our hotel's 102 rooms, including five private suites, offer a luxurious stay. Our gourmet restaurant awakens the culinary senses and our three French-style meeting rooms are perfect for any event.
102 rooms including 5 suites
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- PLANET 21 Gold
- Fitness Center
- Business Center
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The N-scale layout features a double-track mainline with a branch leading to a staging yard to the north and another branch line leading to a Steel Mill. Many of the structures on the N-Scale layout were scratch built.
Some road names to look for on the N-scale layout are Conrail, Norfolk Southern, Norfolk & Western, Southern, CSX, MoPac, SooPac, Durham & Southern and more. You are likely to see almost anything. You might even see some Canadien motive power, aye.
Gary Berkey watches as the Reading makes a run. Gee, it looks like Land of the Giants! Though Gary collects both HO and N scale models, he definitely prefers N-Scale. He is often heard chanting HO, HO, HO, - NO-NO-NO!
Here's a shot of Gary Berky working the industries off the main line. He's been working on the N&W since he graduated from Goshen High School in the early 70's. The N-scale pike is currently under some major renovation by our N-scalers, Jay Freet, Gary Berkey and Ron Breniser.


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"NEW ORLEANS -- Billions of dollars will be at stake Monday at the opening of a complex trial to determine how much BP should pay for the devastating 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill."
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"NEW ORLEANS -- Billions of dollars will be at stake Monday at the opening of a complex trial to determine how much BP should pay for the devastating 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill."
"None of Japan's 16 nuclear power plants has satisfied the government's proposed new safety standards, making them ineligible to be restarted in the near future, according to an Asahi Shimbun survey."
The U.S. food industry's response to the emerging obesity problem has often put its own profits ahead of public health.
"Native Americans on an oil-rich North Dakota reservation have been cheated out of more than $1 billion by schemes to buy drilling rights for lowball prices, a flurry of recent lawsuits assert. And, the suits claim, the federal government facilitated the alleged swindle by failing in its legal obligation to ensure the tribes got a fair deal."
"ANDERSEN AIR FORCE BASE, Guam -- Dead mice laced with painkillers are about to rain down on Guam's jungle canopy. They are scientists' prescription for a headache that has caused misery to the tiny U.S. territory for more than 60 years: the brown tree snake."
"Alaska's Izembek National Wildlife Refuge is a 315,000-acre stretch of eelgrass and tundra pockmarked with lakes and lagoons, a site where the geese called Pacific black brants stop off to feed before they begin their journey to wintering grounds in Mexico."
"WASHINGTON, DC -- If Congress does not act this coming week, automatic federal spending cuts, called the sequester, will go into effect March 1 that will impact the environment. Funding for parks, energy development, travel, clean air and water, fish and wildlife protection, pollution prevention, and disaster readiness will be cut."
"A team of state scientists has outlined serious concerns about the damage South Carolina will suffer from climate change – threats that include invading eels, dying salt marshes, flooded homes and increased diseases in the state's wildlife."
"You're going to need a bigger fishbowl.
"The former U.S. EPA official who tangled with Texas officials in a drilling contamination case outside Fort Worth said the state's oil and gas regulators were more interested in promoting the industry than policing it."
A surge in the use of fungicides is bringing higher crop yields; but experts warn that there is not enough monitoring of the emerging fungicide contamination of streams -- and that not enough is known about the health consequences.
"Dow Agrosciences LLC and two other pesticide makers won a bid to overturn U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service proposals to protect salmon when an appeals court found the agency's decision 'arbitrary and capricious.'"
"Wildfires in Alaska have become more widespread over the past 50 years, according to scientists in the US. The result suggests that Arctic wildfires will have an important effect on the climate in years to come – although whether it will be positive or negative, the researchers cannot say."
"Drilling specialists have been pumping heavy fluids into a gas well 50 miles off the Louisiana coast in a bid to halt natural gas moving among underground formations at the site."
"If you order tuna at a D.C. restaurant, chances are half the time you'll be getting another, less expensive fish in its place. But those odds are better than if you had wanted snapper. Testers nationwide found that 87 percent of the time, restaurants and grocery stores were selling something else under that label."


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Tag: chanel
Lily-Rose Depp is the new face of Chanel No. 5 L'EAU
Wed, 25 May 2016 1:08PM
Congrats to Lily-Rose Depp on following in her Mum's footsteps by landing a high-profile modelling job as the face of the new Chanel fragrance N°5 L'EAU
Valentine's Day lust list!
Mon, 8 February 2016 3:38PM
Valentine's Day is approaching and there is no better excuse to surround yourselves with these special pretty pieces (especially if you don't have a special someone!)
Lust-Have: Gorgeous Newbies From Lancome, Chanel And Tom Ford
Mon, 19 January 2015 3:00PM
It's time to treat yourself, because there are some truly divine makeup collections hitting counters this month. Here are three new luxe makeup ranges that have really got our hearts beating faster…. Lancôme L'Absolu Rouge You might have seen (and caressed, and loved…) Lancôme's delectable L'Absolu Rouge lipstick range before, but not like this. The French maison… more
Makeup Whizz Lisa Eldridge Joins Lancôme
Tue, 13 January 2015 3:00PM
Maison Lancôme, one of our fave beauty brands, have recently announced that they've nabbed the gorgeous (and ridiculously clever) British makeup artist Lisa Eldridge as their new Makeup Creative Director. "It's an honour to be named Make-up Creative Director at Lancôme, a brand with an incredible heritage, impeccable style and genuine integrity," says Lisa. Now if Lisa's… more
Want To Look As Hot As Gisele Does In CHANEL's New N°5 Film?
Thu, 16 October 2014 2:45PM
By now you've probably seen the epically lush new CHANEL N°5 clip directed by Baz Lurhmann and starring supermodel Gisele Bündchen. If not, behold: How gorgeous is the cinematography? And how haunting is that slowed-down version of the Grease classic 'You're The One That I Want' by Lo Fang (a.k.a Matthew Hemerlein)? But perhaps most captivating of… more
Great Beauty Buys that Are Now Better than Ever
Thu, 11 September 2014 5:10PM
I don't tend to deal with change very well. When my local café switches up its brand of chai tea, I get the shakes. If I come home to find someone has moved the cushions around on the couch, I can't function until I revert them to their usual arrangement. And I'm still coming to… more
What To Buy This Week: Newbies From YSL, ModelCo And Chanel
Mon, 1 September 2014 2:15PM
Spring is finally here, Primpers! But the sunshine and (sorely missed) vitamin D aren't the only things perking up our week – a slew of delicious new beauty buys have just landed at PRIMPED HQ. Here's the cream of the crop: YSL Danger Red Collection When a woman wears red, heads are bound to turn. Especially if… more
How To: Nail A Nude Manicure
Tue, 12 August 2014 8:30AM
Nude makeup – as in, tones that meld seamlessly with your own natural skin hue – is having what you'd call a Moment. When it comes to lipstick, for example, fashion-forward types are matching their lip colour to their skintone. Admittedly that's not a look that many of us can pull off too easily – as most… more
Fragrance Alert: Five New 'Fumes To Sniff Out Now
Tue, 5 August 2014 8:30AM
There's nothing like a shiny new perfume to welcome in a new season. And in fragrance land, spring has come a month early – these five launches are a breath of fresh air, featuring a bouquet of beautiful floral notes, juicy-sweet fruits and tropical touches. Marc Jacobs Daisy Dream, from $60 (30ml, EDT), department stores First,… more


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Mastersound to Return
Formerly imported from Italy by May Audio, when Art Dudley reviewed their Mastersound 300 B S.E. integrated amplifier, MasterSound may be poised to re-enter the US market. Through Diapason loudspeakers, I was intrigued with the sound of the Mastersound Final Amplifier 845 monoblock, a parallel single-ended eye-catcher. Mastersound's Dueundici preamplifier was also in the system. I regret that the lateness of the hour on T.H.E Show's final day did not allow me to gather more information.


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Santana Gopala puja is performed to get the blessings for child birth and safe progeny. This puja is dedicated to lord Krishna in his childhood. Human beings and also other worldly beings are meant to breed and maintain the cycle of life. A life without a child is full of stress and anxiety and it is must for a couple of have a child. Our social and personal responsibilities make it utmost necessary.
Couples who are longing for a child of their own for a long time or are facing problems in conception or maintenance of progeny should perform this puja. With the help of this puja one is blessed with a safe progeny. This puja has benefited devotees since the vedic ages.
Santana Gopala Homam also helps in the better development of child during progeny so that the child to be born would have a good health and sharp mind.
In this Puja, Lord Vishnu as Gopala Krishna is worshiped with tulsi leaves and is performed by employing Santhana Gopala Mantra. The Santan Gopal Puja is performed in accordance to the best muhurat.
Get the Santanam Gopalam Homam done through our well versed purohits.
View Pictures of Puja performed on order
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Friday's Erie region forecast: Sunny, beautiful
Sunny skies and a high temperature near 78 degrees are in today's forecast for the Erie region, according to the National Weather Service in Cleveland.
Tonight will be mostly clear, with a low around 62.
Saturday's forecast calls for mostly sunny skies and a high near 82.
Showers and thunderstorms are likely Saturday night, mainly after midnight. Expect mostly cloudy skies, with a low around 70.
Showers and thunderstorms also are likely Sunday, when the high near 82 and the low around 67.
Sign up for weather text alerts and a daily forecast message at GoErie.com/alerts. Go to GoErie.com/weather for forecasts and real-time radar.


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What is the action of the deltoid muscle
it abducts the arm, flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates arm
What is the origin of the trapezius
occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament spinous processes of C7-T12
Name all the muscles that flex the arm
deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres
What muscles flex the hand
palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus
Where are the extensor carpi muscles located, on the anterior or posterior side of the forearm?
How does the deltoid of the cat differ from the deltoid of the human?
Human - 1 muscle
Cat - 3 muscles
Which muscle is more developed in cats, the flexor digitorum superficialis or the flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexor digitorum profundus
If you were to ride a horse, what muscles would you use to keep your seat out of the saddle as you rode?
Iliopsas, pectineus, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus, brevis
How do the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus prevent you from toppling over as you walk?
They maintain your center of gravity
What are two muscles that are synergists with the biceps femoris muscle
semitendionsus and semimembranosus
How does the action of the rectus femoris differ from that of the other quadriceps muscles
it flexes the thigh
How does the action of the fibularis longus in humans differ from that of the fibularis tertius
longus - plantar flexes
tertius - dorsiflexes
Plantar flexion occurs by what muscles
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot occur by what action of what muscle
fibularis longus and brevis
what kind of muscle is the orbicularis oculi or orbicularis oris muscle in terms of action
How does the action of the rectus abdominis differ from that of the other abdominal muscles
flexes vertebral column
What two muscles originate on the neck and extend and rotate the head
semispinalis, spinalis longissimus iliocostalis


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Please come and support Human Rights Day, 10:00 a.m – 2:00 p.m.
To honor, support and advocate for those who have had, are having and will have their human rights violated. Many organizations will be represented and there will be workshops and entertainment as well. There will be information and resources available We hope to see you there! Thank you.
In Solidarity,
Amnesty International Members, Des Moines, Iowa Chapter 277


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Active within 1528 Days
Hi! My name is Schatzie
I am a Maine Coon from Dearborn, MI
Nicknames: Schatzielein, Baby Girl, Missy Ma'am, Miss Priss, Cuddlebug
Age: 12 years old
Gender: F
Coat: long haired
Education: I scare away all the little ladybugs that come into the room.
My favorite tricks and treats are: I do gymnastics in the form of a shoulder roll, so my people can tickle my tummy (which I LOVE) and my favorite treat is cheese
Where I hang out: right in front of my human, whether on her lap, or her desk, or her worktable.
My favorite grubs: Royal Canin Light (because I have to regain my girlish figure)
My pet peeves: the vacuum cleaner, and the dog
What I love about my owners: She has a nice soft lap, and knows just how I like my ears stroked.
My cat hobbies: cuddle in my human's lap
Pet motto: I live to be loved.
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She and her brother were abandoned by a feral owner in my friend's yard, but my friend's son was allergic, so I took them in.
I've had 584 friends visit me.
I'm the 18,777th member on CatChannel.com.
20 friends have voted for me since I joined Club Cat!
Come visit me, Taffy (in loving memory), (Friend's Cat) Brittany, Patch, Caramel & Missy.
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Come visit me, Dallas & Rose.
Come visit me, Angel Canuck & Lucy-Fur- married 2/14/09, The Boys - Agador Spartacus and KONG, Tilly loves her Spongie this much!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- !, Agador Spartacus / Chyna Doll is MY girl! & KONG - Silver Tabby Maine Coon - Male.
Come visit me, Biddy.
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Come visit me, Angel Buddy - Thank you for my ACOTD, Angel Jinx - 07/13/07 - 07/26/13, Sylvester - RIP Lily Rose 127311 & Max & Dex.
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Prince Sebastien - going to check out the tunnels.
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Five (more) questions about … the Twins
These guys – again?
The Angels and Twins have spent a lot of time together this season. They meet again in Minnesota beginning Monday. When the series is over, the Angels will have played the Twins nine times in the first 32 games of their season (six times in the past 10).
And that's a good thing. The Twins are staking their claim as the worst team in baseball with an offense weak enough to be held hitless by Jered Weaver and a pitching staff that has the highest ERA in the majors.
The Angels have taken advantage of the matchup to win four of the first six games. In those games, the Angels' struggling offense has averaged six runs per game and batted .282 – against everyone else they've played this season, the Angels have averaged 2.9 runs per game and batted .236.
Before this week's series at Target Field we checked in with Twins beat writer La Velle Neal III of the Minneapolis Star-Tribune to see if we could learn anything new about the Twins.
Click through the photos for a preview of this week's Angels-Twins series.
- Five (or six) questions about ... the Blue Jays
- Five questions about ... baseball's first month
- Five questions about ... the Indians
- Five questions about ... the Rays
- Five questions about ... the Orioles
- Five questions about ... the A's
- Five questions about ... the Yankees
- Five questions about ... the Twins
- Five questions about ... the Royals
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This is the name given to a very fat person's stomach when it hangs down low and has a crevice in the middle that resembles a bum crack.
The word is an amalgamation of "tummy" and "bum".
The word is an amalgamation of "tummy" and "bum".
You don't have a dad because he got lost in your mum's bummy.
dodane przez Natasha Radical lipiec 13, 2010
Anal intercourse between two men, usually in sneaky dirty places like public toilets, parks and other dark shadowed areas.
Boss: Where is Tony and Jeff??
Employee: Off in the toilet having a bummy.
"There is absoloutly no excusing sneaking out for bummies"
Employee: Off in the toilet having a bummy.
"There is absoloutly no excusing sneaking out for bummies"
dodane przez EXDIGGA wrzesień 28, 2009
bummy The Pas style= cheap knockoffs, imitators of awesome shit
dude don't shop at Giant Tiger, their shit is bummy
dodane przez sweatshopMicheline wrzesień 24, 2007
Someone whos a drop out. Someone who has no job or didnt go to school. A person who makes stupid and pointless suggestions
"come we steal sweets from the sweetshop"
"nar thats bummy!"
"nar thats bummy!"
dodane przez tom listopad 28, 2003
a gurl who has sex with everyones man and/or any guy she finds sexy
(other word for slut)
(other word for slut)
That bummy fucked my man last night
dodane przez ch33ka grudzień 20, 2004
trying to get anal sex from your partner
Ste "Come to to bed stu i want to play bummy"
Stu " Fuck off, have a wank!"
Stu " Fuck off, have a wank!"
dodane przez Ste and Stu styczeń 11, 2004
A Bummy person is a person who is always asking for unnecessary help or being lazy.
That lady over there on the bench is so Bummy, she's always asking for vending machine money
dodane przez Cinnabon3 kwiecień 08, 2016


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You don't have to be a sports geek to know Jairus Byrd is on the minds of most Bills fans these days. He's been one of the best players for the last four seasons and has always been that guy most Bills fans can hold in high regard. You don't have to watch Sports betting videos to know that the odds of keeping him long term are too close to read into.
Quite frankly, I don't exactly have a streamline opinion about him as I'm all over the place about this saga. So many experts and fans keep telling me he's awesome, yet, I don't exactly see it when I watch the games. Yet, I know he's a good player.
Riddle meets enigma, I guess.
So, when I'm not sure about something in regards to sports takes, I just go off on a bunch of incoherent blurbs about the subject and see where it takes me. So, here are some hot takes about Jairus Byrd..
1) The Bills don't exactly have a history of giving a lot of money out to anyone in the secondary. Terrence McGee at a shade under 6-million dollars yearly was the most paid DB in history. Next, you'd have to go to Donte Whitner who made 5-million a year off his rookie contract. How many DBs have the Bills let go over the last 20 years or so? Too many. I just don't think they value them all that much in terms of paying them.
2) I'm not exactly sure how much Pettine values safeties for his defense. I mean, Jim Leonard, who was on a castaway on Buffalo's defenses, was his starting safety when the Jets went to the AFC Championship two years in a row. In other words, is that position really that valued? I did a Q&A about Pettine with a Jets' blogger a while back and he pretty much said the safety in Pettine's defense is known to play in the box and be a physical presence rather than a center fielder. Byrd is much better as a center fielder than that guy in the box.
3) I have to say, I'm getting a little sick and tired of people talking about Byrd as being the greatest safety in Bills history. I get it. Buffalo's sports teams are a fricken tire fire and we need to accentuate any positive to the 9th degree. Byrd is one of those degrees. When I get folks referencing how amazing he was against the crappy ass Arizona Cardinals, that's when you know we are accentuating the circumstance. He's a good player and maybe even elite for his position, but that's the problem. I don't exactly think there's much value in it. Just look at their salaries. Look at where they are drafted (Of the top 20 safeties on Advanced stats, only two of them were drafted as safeties in the 1st round).
When you have a position where LBs are converted to safeties or old washed up CBs end up finishing their careers there, it tells me it isn't all that valuable or hard to replace. Also, the last fulltime safety to be inducted into the hall of fame was in 2000 (Ronnie Lott). What does that tell you? It just isn't that important, especially with the spread.
4) I know the narrative has become that you can't associate the Bills poor play on defense to Byrd's play. Fine. However, a safety is the primary player who ends up covering a TE and we all know the Bills have been awful in that regard. I'm not trying to pretend I break down film like others, but I haven't seen any improvement in that regard and I think you have to place some of the blame on the safety.
5) In 2008, Jason Peters held out when he was vastly underpaid for being a starting LT in the NFL. He was a player who I felt was much more important to the team than say Byrd, yet, he got killed by most fans for staying away from camp. In fact, it was mostly a "don't let the door hit you on the way out" reaction when he was traded to Philly. Byrd has received zero of that. I think most fans want him back and for the Bills to pay top money for him. Maybe it will change in a month if he keeps holding out as most homers will start trying to take the team's side because that's what homers do when their team takes a stand, but in the meantime, I have zero idea why both situations are different.
6) To me, this whole dilemma about wanting to sign Byrd is more about the moral compassing of the franchise than the actual player. The Bills have pissed me off to no end and I want them to pay for good players out of spite. They are lucky as hell fans have supported them over the last 13 years and they are getting tax money from NY state for such an inferior product. Oh, and they just so happen to play a home game in Canada. In other words, they fucken owe us. For all the shit they have put us through, all we ask is just for them to show us that they are serious about winning. Just show a little effort and make us feel you aren't the KC Royals of the NFL. When Russ Brandon comes out and says all his empty cliches about the logo being tarnished and how money isn't an object, not re-signing Byrd kind of kills that, doesn't it?
7) Byrd will be in the starting lineup come opening day. He has zero negotiating power at this point because of the franchise tag. He has no choice. Obviously this could hinder his ability to have a fast start because he's not going to be adapted to Pettine's defense if he holds out until then. This could hurt him in negotiating next year, especially if he struggles.
Final word: Do I want the Bills to re-sign Byrd long term? Of course. He's a good player and I'm sick of the Bills playing the Howard Ballard or Nate Odomes moneyball game with their homegrown players they have drafted. Give him his going rate. However, don't try telling me that Byrd makes or breaks this defense. It is not that way at all because I just don't value that position. Ed Reed in his prime is a game breaker. Kerry Rhodes, who is ranked 2nd by advanced stats as a safety, is not.
If the Bills decided to take that 8-million bucks and invest it in say an elite TE, I'd take that in heartbeat over re-signing Byrd. Now, if that money goes to another Leodis McKelvin or Chris Kelsay extension, then I'm going to throw punches.
Anyways, I have a feeling this is going to last for a couple of years in terms of Byrd signing 1-year franchise deals, which will be annoying as it will be a talking point for every offseason, but as long as he's playing by opening day every year, it is what it is.
I'll say this, if the Bills pull what they did with Nate Clements by franchising him and then losing him for nothing the following year, there will be hell to pay.


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Come fall, the lush greenery of Montreal turns to a stunning explosion of yellow, orange, red, and even purple. But why? Scientifically it's because the chlorophyll in the leaves have started to break down, due to the shorter days and colder temperatures. This reveals the yellow and orange colours. After a little bit of time, a chemical process creates the red anthocyanin pigments. Science aside, this flash of vibrant colours illuminates the city for its most photogenic moment. Here are 20 vivaciously vibrant #MTLMOMENTS taken by locals and visitors all over the city…
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Results for MTLMOMENTS
Things to Do in Montreal: August 8-14
A slower summer vibe pervades the city in August, yet there's still so much to do, from hard-rock and blues music festivals to world-class sports competitions to sampling the best in Montreal-made gourmet food.
#MTLMOMENTS Exhibit shares special Montreal Moments
What happens when thousands of Montrealers and visitors to Montreal take pics of their best moments and post them online? A ton of gorgeous images and over 40,000 shares since May last year, that's what. The Montreal Moments social media movement initiated by Tourisme Montreal has taken the city by storm in the last year, inspiring people to capture everything that makes Montreal the exciting destination it is and post, and re-post, and comment, and re-comment the results. Now, in addition to having a virtual existence, the best photos have a stage all their own in the form of a summertime exhibition.
Experience Some Jazzy #MTLMOMENTS in Toronto on May 9-11
Attention Torontonians: if you happen to be walking by Queen & Soho this weekend in Toronto, make sure to stop by our Jazz Fest inspired #MTLMOMENTS experience and catch some live music, great food, free lemonade, and maybe even win a trip to Montreal…
Classic Montreal Restaurants To Rediscover
In recent years, Montreal has been riding the cusp of gastronomic innovation, fostering world acclaimed chefs and kitchen teams that push culinary boundaries to levels and reaches not yet seen before. In the wake of trendy hot spots and places to be seen, are the proud and noble predecessors that have forged the foundation of Montreal's restaurant scene…
10 Musical #MTLMOMENTS
Montreal loves music. Incredible music talents were born here, and artists from around the world love coming here. Montreal has some awesome music festivals this summer including Mutek, FrancoFolies, Jazz Fest, Osheaga, Heavy Montreal, Pop Montreal, and even the One Man Band Festival. Get pumped for a summer full of sweet sounds by checking out these 10 musical #MTLMOMENTS…
#MTLMOMENTS Infographic: Summer Festivals in Montreal
This infographic of summer festivals in Montreal barely covers the 100+ festivals that occur throughout the year in this incredible city. For a broader look at everything that's happening, check out our complete Festival Guide. While you're at it, consider scrolling through our Bike Guide, Swimming Guide, Fashion Guide, Museum Guide, and Gallery Guide! Do you love infographics as much as we do? Check out our "Where To Drink In Montreal" Infographic here. Come to Montreal and book a Sweet Deal Hotel Package with up to $450 in savings on great activities and attractions!
12 #MTLMOMENTS photos confirming that Spring Is Here
Spring is finally here! (Well… mostly.) There might be a few mounds of snow hanging around, but the grass is poking through, and you can tell the tree leaves are aching to come out and chill with us for the summer. Here are 12 springtime #MTLMOMENTS Instagrams, only a few of which contain some super stubborn snow…
#MTLMOMENTS Photo Challenge: 10 Iconic Picture spots
10 iconic spots around the city, 10 pictures, 10 Montreal moments for the scrapbook. Can you complete the #MTLMOMENTS photo challenge? Check out the challenge guide below, but obviously feel free to improvise and add your own along the way and make your own #MTLMOMENTS…
Searching for the perfect place to drink in Montreal? Look no further than this slightly wacky infographic! The choice is yours, just follow your heart to good times and memories. Just remember to have fun, drink responsibly and to tag your Instagrams with #MTLMOMENTS. Coffee, Tea & Milkshakes: Nocochi (2156 Mackay), Camelli Sinensis (351 Emery), Beautys (93 Mont-Royal West) Sweaty & Dancy : Electro: NEW CITY GAS (950 Ottawa), Latin: Copacabana (1106 Maisonneuve West), Hip Hop: Blizzarts (3956 St-Laurent) Romantic & Cozy: Wine: Pullman (3424Parc), Cocktail: Assommoir (211 Notre-Dame West), Beer: Benelux (245 Sherbrooke West) Laidback & Chill: Boardgames: Randolph Pub (2041 St-Denis), Eat: Else's (156 Roy East), L'Escalier (552 Ste-Catherine East), Mr Smith (4061 Ontario East), Play Pool: Sharx (1606 Sainte-Catherine West) Unique & Funky: Drag Queens: Cabaret Mado (1115 Ste-Catherine East), Free Candy: Snack n' Blues (5260 St-Laurent), Pay Candy: Candibar (1148 Mont-Royal Est)


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Raphael, Bram P*; Nurko, Samuel†; Jiang, Hongyu‡; Hart, Kristen†; Kamin, Daniel S*; Jaksic, Tom*; Duggan, Christopher*
*Center for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation, USA
†Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, USA
‡Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Received 6 May, 2010
Accepted 30 August, 2010
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Christopher Duggan, MD, MPH, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Hunnewell Ground Floor, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: email@example.com).
This study was supported by NIH grants T32DK007477-25 (Dr Raphael), K24DK082792A (Dr Nurko), and 1K24HD058795 (Dr Duggan).
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal dysmotility is common in pediatric short-bowel syndrome, leading to prolonged parenteral nutrition dependence. There is limited literature regarding the safety and efficacy of cisapride for this indication. The aim of the study was to describe the safety and efficacy of cisapride for enteral intolerance in pediatric short-bowel syndrome.
Methods: Open-labeled pilot study in a limited access program for cisapride. Indications were short-bowel syndrome with underlying dysmotility and difficulty advancing enteral feeds despite standard therapies and without evidence of anatomic obstruction. Patients received cisapride 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg per dose for 3 to 4 doses per day. We collected electrocardiogram, nutrition, and anthropometric data prospectively at study visits.
Results: Ten patients with mean (SD) age of 30.3 (30.5) months were enrolled in our multidisciplinary pediatric intestinal rehabilitation program. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of follow-up was 8.7 (3.1–14.3) months. Median (IQR) residual bowel length was 102 (85–130) cm. Median (IQR) citrulline level was 14.5 (10.5–31.3) μmol/L. Diagnoses included isolated gastroschisis (n = 3), gastroschisis with intestinal atresia (n = 4), necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 2), and long-segment Hirschsprung disease (n = 1). Six subjects had at least 1 prior bowel-lengthening procedure. Median (IQR) change in percentage enteral energy intake was 19.9% (15.4%–29.8%) during follow-up (P = 0.01). Seven patients improved in enteral tolerance during treatment and 2 were weaned completely from parenteral nutrition. Complications during therapy were prolonged corrected QT interval (n = 2), gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2), D-lactic acidosis (n = 1), and death due to presumed sepsis (n = 1). Longitudinal analysis (general estimating equation model) showed a strong positive association between cisapride duration and improved enteral tolerance. Mean percentage of enteral intake increased by 2.9% for every month of cisapride treatment (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Cisapride is a potentially useful therapy in patients with pediatric short-bowel syndrome with gastrointestinal dysmotility. We observed modest improvement in feeding tolerance where prior treatments failed; however, patients treated with cisapride require careful cardiac monitoring because corrected QT prolongation occurred in 20% of our cohort.
Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating condition characterized by chronically impaired absorption by the small intestine (1–3). The most common etiologies in children are necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal atresia, volvulus, and gastroschisis (4–6). The incidence of SBS has been estimated to be 24.5/100,000 live births (7). Current treatment includes supportive care with long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) while enteral feeds are carefully advanced. Unfortunately, many patients require prolonged PN due to chronic diarrhea and nutrient malabsorption. Another common reason for prolonged PN is gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility (8). Symptoms can include vomiting, regurgitation, pain, and bloating. Although long-term PN is a lifesaving therapy, it is associated with multiple complications, including sepsis, liver disease, electrolyte instability, hyperglycemia, and metabolic bone disease. Therefore, a goal of therapy for SBS is to wean PN as quickly as possible.
In patients with SBS with possible GI dysmotility, management begins with evaluating for anatomic obstruction. Other strategies include maximization of antacid medications, use of continuous intragastric tube feeding, placement of a feeding tube distal to the pylorus, treatment of underlying enteropathies including bacterial overgrowth, and use of prokinetic medications such as metoclopramide and cisapride. Clinicians prescribing either of these prokinetic medications must do so with great caution and diligence. In February 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a black-box warning regarding the risk of tardive dyskinesia with chronic use of metoclopramide (9). Therefore, clinicians are often reticent about using this medication for a prolonged duration. In 1993, the FDA approved the administration of cisapride (Propulsid) for adults with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Cisapride improves motility by enhancing acetylcholine release at the myenteric plexus. It has been used for treating functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic constipation, and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. In an animal model using rabbit Purkinje fibers, cisapride prolongs the repolarization phase at plasma concentrations expected from therapeutic doses (10). There were reports of an association with its use and prolonged corrected QT interval leading to Torsade de pointes, heart block, and death, especially in elderly patients, but also in children. These events initially prompted the manufacturer to discourage physicians from prescribing concurrent medications that increase serum cisapride levels by inhibiting hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4, such as macrolide antibiotics, antifungals, and cimetidine. In 2000, cisapride was removed from the market after reports of at least 341 cardiac dysrhythmias, including 80 deaths (11).
Under the US Limited Access Program for Cisapride developed through Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc (Titusville, NJ) and the FDA, we obtained approval for the administration of cisapride in children with refractory GI dysmotility, including those with pediatric SBS. A literature search revealed only a single case report describing its use in SBS (12). This patient cohort would seem to be at especially high risk of dysrhythmias while using cisapride because of frequent electrolyte instability. Here we report our 2-year experience using cisapride for enteral intolerance in pediatric SBS.
All of the subjects included in the present study were studied at the Center for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation at Children's Hospital Boston between January 2007 and January 2009. This multidisciplinary program includes intestinal failure specialists in pediatric gastroenterology, surgery, nutrition, nursing, pharmacy, and social work (13). All of the subjects were enrolled in the Limited Access Program for Cisapride after obtaining parental informed consent. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Children's Hospital Boston.
All of the study subjects had SBS using the standard functional definition of PN dependence for congenital or acquired disease of the GI tract for at least 90 days (1). At the time of enrollment, all of the subjects were making little or no progress in advancing enteral feeds and had failed standard medical and surgical therapies to treat feeding intolerance. Feeding intolerance was defined as vomiting, regurgitation, pain, and bloating directly associated with enteral feeds. We excluded subjects with a history of cardiac disease, prolonged baseline corrected QT interval, family history of prolonged corrected QT interval, electrolyte abnormalities, serious uncontrolled illness, and concomitant use of cardiotoxic medications or medications interfering with cisapride metabolism. History of PN exposure was collected from medical records. As outlined in the Limited Access Program, before treatment with cisapride, all of the participants underwent laboratory tests (complete blood counts, electrolytes, and liver panel), 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) for corrected QT interval, and contrast radiographic studies for anatomic obstruction. If these results were normal and the patient fulfilled inclusion criteria, then we prescribed cisapride at 0.1 mg/kg per dose for 4 doses per day. An ECG was obtained 4 to 6 days after starting cisapride treatment. If ECG remained normal and response to therapy was not observed, we then increased the dose to 0.2 mg/kg per dose or a maximum 10 mg per dose 4 times per day at the next clinic visit. Again, an ECG was obtained 4 to 6 days after starting a new cisapride dose. As outlined by the protocol, patients had scheduled study visits every 2 months for clinical assessments including anthropometrics; ECGs and serum chemistry panels were checked every 4 months. Subjects were instructed to discontinue cisapride temporarily for prolonged corrected QT interval (defined as >450 ms), electrolyte abnormalities, or general anesthesia. Dieticians used recommended daily allowance (RDA) to devise energy intake recommendations and titrated PN prescriptions for appropriate weight gain according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Whenever possible, enteral nutrition was advanced as much as tolerated according to our standard feeding algorithm (14).
Data collected included patient characteristics, medical and surgical history, and anthropometric data. Our study team recorded adverse effects prospectively. Height and weight z scores were calculated using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. The percentage of enteral energy intake was calculated as the amount of dietary energy intake derived by oral and/or enteral routes divided by the total energy intake (oral, enteral, and parenteral routes) multiplied by 100. Primary endpoints were defined as change in percentage of enteral energy intake and change in corrected QT interval from baseline. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare change in percentage enteral intake and parenteral energy intake between baseline and follow-up. Secondary endpoints were defined as changes in weight and height z scores, as well as death and any other adverse outcomes. We used a longitudinal regression model to balance effects seen among subjects contributing varying lengths of follow-up. We accounted for within-subject correlation in the outcomes by using the general estimating equation (GEE) technique. Analysis was performed using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
The clinical characteristics of the 10 subjects enrolled are presented in Table 1. The mean (SD) patient age at enrollment was 30.3 (30.5) months. The ages ranged from 1 month to 7 years. There were a variety of underlying diagnoses leading to SBS, including gastroschisis with and without intestinal atresia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and long-segment Hirschsprung disease. Only 1 girl was enrolled. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) PN exposure before starting cisapride was 23 months (5.6 months–4.9 years). For all of the subjects, this length of PN use reflected nearly an entire lifetime with few interruptions. The median (IQR) duration of follow-up was 8.7 (3.1–14.3) months. The median (IQR) residual bowel length was 102 (85–130) cm. There were 2 subjects whose residual bowel lengths were unknown. Six subjects had previously undergone at least 1 bowel-lengthening procedure, such as serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) or Bianchi procedure, including 2 subjects who had had both procedures. Four subjects were known to be missing the ileocecal valve. The median (IQR) plasma citrulline level was 14.5 (10.5–31.3) μmol/L. Five subjects had citrulline levels <15 μmol/L, which is prognostic of low likelihood of eventual PN independence (15).
Figure 1 depicts the percentage of enteral energy intake after enrollment in study protocol. Enteral tolerance improved in 7 of the 10 subjects during treatment, including 2 subjects who were weaned completely from PN. The median (IQR) percentage of enteral energy intake at baseline was 30.3% (4.4%–52.8%). Feeding route at baseline was intragastric (60%), postpyloric (30%), and a combination of oral and intragastric (10%). Comparing the parenteral energy intake at baseline and at last follow-up, the median (IQR) change was −20.8 (−61.0 to −14) kcal · kg−1 · day−1 (P = 0.01). Comparing percentage enteral energy intake at baseline and at last follow-up, the median (IQR) change was 19.9% (15.4%–29.8%) (P = 0.01). Comparing percentage enteral energy intake at baseline and at last follow-up using cisapride, the median (IQR) change was 18.9% (2.6%–26.65%) (P = 0.03). Using longitudinal regression analysis, we detected a strong positive association between duration of cisapride administration and improved enteral tolerance. The mean percentage of enteral energy intake increased by 2.9% for every month of cisapride treatment (P < 0.0001). Cisapride dose per day was not a significant predictor of enteral tolerance (P = 0.5). Weight and height z scores did not significantly change according to treatment duration (P = 0.08 and P = 0.25, respectively). Median (IQR) weight gain was 7.7 (3.7–17.2) g/day and height velocity was 0.15 (0.1–0.38) cm/week. Five of the 10 subjects discontinued cisapride by the last follow-up.
All of the subjects had documented normal corrected QT intervals before treatment with cisapride. Prolonged corrected QT intervals developed in 2 subjects at 30 days and 11 months after treatment, neither of whom was symptomatic. As a result, 1 of these subjects permanently discontinued cisapride. The other subject restarted cisapride at a lower total daily dose after corrected QT returned to normal. The subject's ECG was repeated again while taking medication and it was normal. Among the whole cohort, we did not detect a relation between length of corrected QT and total daily cisapride dose (P = 0.07) or treatment duration (P = 0.36). The mean change in corrected QT interval from baseline was −0.44 ms (95% CI −1.23 to 0.40).
Other adverse events noted during the study included 3 subjects with GI bleeding, 1 subject with D-lactic acidosis, and 1 death due to presumed sepsis. The data safety and monitoring board concluded that it was doubtful that cisapride was related to the death.
In SBS, the most common obstacles to weaning PN and advancing enteral nutrition are diarrhea and nutrient malabsorption. GI dysmotility, however, is another problem that frequently leads to prolonged PN dependence. Unfortunately, there are few therapeutic medical modalities available, and US federal regulations and advisories have limited the availability of 2 such agents: metoclopramide and cisapride.
In our open-label pilot study among pediatric patients with nearly lifelong PN dependency, we observed a median increment of percentage enteral nutrition of 19.9% (IQR 15.4%–29.8%) during the course of follow-up (P = 0.01). Nearly all of the improvement in enteral tolerance occurred while using cisapride. Two of the 10 subjects were weaned completely from PN support, and 7 had some improvement in enteral tolerance. There was no evidence of growth faltering while PN was weaned in this cohort because weight gain and height velocity were maintained, as were weight and height z scores, before and after the course of cisapride. Therefore, decreasing PN support reflected real improvement in enteral tolerance.
There are few studies of therapies for enteral intolerance in SBS. Modi et al reviewed nutritional outcomes of the STEP registry of 38 patients (16). The percentage of enteral energy intake at baseline and length of follow-up were similar to our study; however, enteral intake improved by 36% following STEP compared with 19.9% in the present study. Both STEP and cisapride have been used in SBS. STEP is a surgical intervention that lengthens and tapers the bowel, thereby improving intestinal function and motility. Cisapride, on the contrary, is a medical treatment that treats only GI motility and has no direct effect on intestinal structure. The majority of our subjects had a history of autologous bowel reconstructive surgery, such as STEP, and remained PN dependent.
We observed corrected QT prolongation in 2 subjects (20%); both subjects were clinically asymptomatic. The corrected QT prolongation was discovered as a result of routine ECG screening. The incidence of corrected QT prolongation is similar to previous reports in the literature. Khongphatthanayothin et al reported an incidence of corrected QT prolongation (defined as >440 ms) of 13% in a prospective study of 101 children treated with cisapride (17). The incidence was only 6% in children without any identifying risk factors, such as drug interaction, heart disease, renal or liver dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities, or prematurity. Hill et al found an incidence of corrected QT prolongation (defined as >450 ms) of 31% in a prospective study of 35 children treated with cisapride (18).
Of note, the majority of our subjects with SBS had dysmotility due to gastroschisis. In this condition, prenatal amniotic fluid exposure to the serosal surface of the GI tract causes inflammation and bowel wall thickening, leading to disordered postnatal motility. A rat model of gastroschisis suggests that the damage leads to delayed neuronal differentiation and abnormal myenteric plexus organization (19). In infants with gastroschisis, esophageal motor abnormalities and GI dysmotility are common (20–22). Erythromycin is not effective in improving enteral tolerance after primary repair (23). In contrast to other prokinetics such as erythromycin, metoclopramide, and octreotide, cisapride improves ileal contractility in newborn and adult rabbits (24). Our findings suggest that cisapride may be useful in humans with gastroschisis.
Our study had several limitations. First, the manner in which the manufacturer made the study drug available dictated an open-label design. A randomized placebo-controlled study of cisapride in SBS would have been preferable but logistically infeasible. In addition, extensive data on enteral feeding advancement before cisapride treatment were not available for all of the patients, limiting the control data to the period of time immediately before the initiation of cisapride treatment; however, all of the patients had refractory feeding intolerance as reflected by nearly lifelong PN dependence (n = 10), history of autologous bowel reconstructive surgery (n = 6), and low plasma citrulline levels (median 14.5 μmol/L). Taken together, these factors substantiate the severity of intestinal failure in the cohort. A third limitation is the lack of formal manometry testing to corroborate the diagnosis of GI dysmotility. The clinical features of these patients seem sufficient to attribute their symptoms to motility disorders, after anatomic obstruction had been extensively evaluated. In the future, manometry may be helpful in defining which patients may benefit from cisapride treatment, similar to its role in studying erythromycin (25).
In summary, in 10 subjects with SBS and GI dysmotility, cisapride use was associated with a median increment of percentage enteral nutrition of approximately 20%, with 7 patients exhibiting some degree of improvement and 2 patients weaning completely from PN. Corrected QT prolongation occurred in 20% of subjects, which is similar to the reported incidence in other conditions. At the time of study enrollment, these subjects were making little or no progress in advancing enteral feeds and had failed all of the standard medical therapies to treat feeding intolerance with nearly lifelong PN exposure. Among those who tolerated the drug, cisapride use was associated with a modest but statistically significant improvement in enteral tolerance; the mean percentage of enteral energy intake increased by 2.9% for every month of cisapride treatment (P < 0.0001). It is important to continue investigating prokinetic medications for SBS because the incidence of gastroschisis continues to increase steadily (26). Future studies should seek to identify clinical and manometric findings to select patients who are most likely to benefit from cisapride or other prokinetic medical therapy.
We thank the entire CAIR team for their expert care of the patients.
cisapride; corrected QT prolongation; dysmotility; feeding intolerance; gastroschisis; short-bowel syndrome
Copyright 2011 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN
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Hi! My name is Kisses
I am a Persian from Hastings, MI
Nicknames: Kissers, Fat Cat, Garfield, Stinky, Kissy
Age: 16 years old
Gender: M
Coat: long haired
Education: He caught a hummingbird at 26 lbs
My favorite tricks and treats are: get fatter and Tuna Fish on noodles
Where I hang out: On the porch where all of the flowers are
My favorite grubs: tuna and leftovers
My pet peeves: getting sprayed by skunks, water bottles, vegtables, our new kitten angel
What I love about my owners: she feeds me and she lets me do whatever i want as long as i dont break anything.
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Mercyhurst men's soccer team win NCAA first-round match
Men's soccer
Mercyhurst 1, Charleston (W. Va.) 0: At Charleston, W. Va., Sam Dorf snapped a scoreless tie in the game's 82nd minute, converting a feed from Alex Manea to give the Lakers (15-5-1) a win over Charleston (13-2-4) in the semifinals of the NCAA Division II Atlantic Regional tournament Saturday night.
The win vaults the third-seeded Lakers into the regional championship match against the winner of today's game between No. 4 seed Davis & Elkins and top-seeded Gannon, which will be played at 1 p.m. at Gannon University Field.
The regional championship match will be played either Thursday or Friday, with the higher-seeded remaining team hosting.
Charleston outshot Mercyhurst 13-5, but both teams had four shots on goal.
Mikko Sarkkinen earned the shutout in goal for the Lakers.


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- Home
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- KitchenAid Blender Cutting Assembly 9704291
Product Description
Replacement blender cutter assembly for Kitchen Aid blenders.
Only fits Kitchen Aid blenders using jars with push-on lids.
For models with original jars using twist-on and screw-lids, you must buy an entire jar assembly.
Original part numbers 9704291, KSBGCB. Works with models: KSB3WH0, KSB3AC0, 4KSB5WH0, KSB3, KSB3WH, KSB5, KSB5WH, KSB3-4, KSB5-4, 5KSB5-4, KSB5SS-4, 5KSB52-4, KSB5, KSB3-3, KSB5-3
Will NOT work with Models: KSB540, KSB580, KSB560, KSB560PK
Does not fit KitchenAid ProLine Bar Blenders.
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Engineering, Building, and Architecture
Not many museums collect houses. The National Museum of American History has four, as well as two outbuildings, 11 rooms, an elevator, many building components, and some architectural elements from the White House. Drafting manuals are supplemented by many prints of buildings and other architectural subjects. The breadth of the museum's collections adds some surprising objects to these holdings, such as fans, purses, handkerchiefs, T-shirts, and other objects bearing images of buildings.
The engineering artifacts document the history of civil and mechanical engineering in the United States. So far, the Museum has declined to collect dams, skyscrapers, and bridges, but these and other important engineering achievements are preserved through blueprints, drawings, models, photographs, sketches, paintings, technical reports, and field notes.
"Engineering, Building, and Architecture - Overview" showing 1 items.
Weeden Toy Steam Engine
- Description (Brief)
- This toy steam engine was manufactured by the Weeden Manufacturing Company of New Bedford, Massachusetts from 1894 until the 1940s. The first six Weeden toy steam engine models were all very similar in style, making it difficult to differentiate them. While this engine is similar in style to the Weeden engine no. 1, it is probably Weeden engine no. 3 as evidenced by the taller firebox and boiler when compared to the two previous models. The vertical toy steam engine consists of a firebox, boiler, and slide valve engine attached to a wheel.
- The Weeden Manufacturing Company was founded in New Bedford, Massachusetts by William M. Weeden in the early 1880s, originally producing a variety of tinplate household items. In 1884 it introduced the Weeden No. 1 Steam engine as "a new and great premium for boys" who were subscribers to the Youth's Companion magazine. Weeden made over a hundred different models of toy steam engines until the company ceased operations in 1952.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1885
- ID Number
- catalog number
- 328942
- accession number
- 278175
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center


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After an incredible morning, at 1:30 pm we said our goodbyes, gave our "I Spy" game winners a box of cupcakes to take home and asked all our guests to go downstairs for one final group picture.
As our guests made their way downstairs, Mr. Boa and I had a final dance in the empty reception space. it was a great quiet moment to giggle and commiserate about the day before heading off on the two hour car ride to the airport and then the ten hour flight to Rome.
We joined our guests downstairs for a few quick shots. It's great to have one picture that has everyone you hold dear.
* All photos by Keli Art Photography unless otherwise noted
Catch up on the Boa recaps!
Mrs. Boa Constrictor
- Birthday:
- July 2
- Location:
- Isabela, Puerto Rico
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- Researcher
- Wedding Date:
- May 2012
- Venue:
- El Faro Convention center, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
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It's time for the daily linkage. You know the drill, here's some stories from around the 'net that we like and you SHOULD too!
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