text: This old news but I didn't see it on the 'lug. MtGox accounts can't withdraw to Dwolla anymore. See : http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/16/mt-gox-dwolla-account-money-seizure/ . I used coinbase as a workaround. If you mine at eclipsemc you can deposit directly to dwolla. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://chugalug.org/pipermail/chugalug/attachments/20130602/bfc0f212/attachment.html>


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New York, N.Y., August 29, 2002 … With the one-year anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attack approaching, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) has added an all-new Web-based resource for parents and educators to help children understand what happened last fall. Lessons for a Lifetime: Remembering September 11, 2001, is available on ADL's education Web page.
The League has also made several significant improvements to the overall look and navigation of www.adl.org/education, including a comprehensive library of ADL's award-winning anti-bias lesson plans, an ever-changing list of frequently asked questions and Dimensions Online, ADL's Journal of Holocaust Studies.
"September 11 and issues of prejudice are sensitive issues to discuss with children, and therefore parents and educators are in need of many different resources to approach these subjects or answer challenging questions," said Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director. "In these uncertain times it is important that we provide top-quality materials on preventing hatred and prejudice from taking root in children-something that the new and improved ADL education page offers in the form of a comprehensive lesson plan library for educators and guidelines for parents."
The ADL education page has lessons that are designed for all children, from the pre-kindergarten years through high school. A special section is dedicated to college students and their parents about important issues such as studying abroad, anti-Israel activity on campus and workshops that are available for them.
Another addition, the Education Spotlight, provides in-depth understanding of a topic that is of significant concern to parents and educators. The commemoration of September 11 is the first subject to be featured. ADL, in conjunction with the Families and Work Institute's 9-11 As History project, has created four new lesson plans, designed to encourage respect for diversity in children from preschool through high school.
New Features
Frequently Asked Questions - provides facts about ADL's education initiatives, from the A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE® Institute to the separation of church and state.
Dimensions Online - ADL's Journal of Holocaust Studies makes its debut online with a special issue commemorating September 11.
Sample Lesson Plan Library - a one-stop shop where teachers can browse through many of ADL's award-winning anti-bias lesson plans and handouts for the classroom.
Discussing Hate and Violence with Children - the League's definitive guide for adults that teaches how to counteract fear and provide opportunities for children to express how they feel and channel their feelings into positive actions.
A complete breakdown of ADL education resources by audience.
The Anti-Defamation League, founded in 1913, is the world's leading organization fighting anti-Semitism through programs and services that counteract hatred, prejudice and bigotry.
© 2002 Anti-Defamation League

subset: commoncrawl


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Built-in welding programs
Lightweight and portable;
only 13 kg
230 V mains voltage
The machine is ready to weld …
The RallyMIG 161i features PFC - Power Factor Correction. PFC allows welding with long mains cables using only 16 A fuses. Reversed polarity for welding with innershield wires (without gas) is also a standard feature.
MMA welding with auxiliary functions
The MMA welding process is often preferred for outdoor welding where welding with shielding gas is not suitable. The RallyMIG 161i masters most types of electrodes in dimensions up to 3.2 mm and features hotstart and arc force as standard auxiliary functions.
Customize your welding machine
There is a range of accessories available for the RallyMIG 161i, such as trolley, control unit for setting the welding current at the torch handle, electrode cables in various lengths and not least TIG torch with gas valve in the handle with the possibility of simple TIG scratch ignition.
RallyMIG brochure
RallyMIG user manual
User manual - box functions
General safety regulations
Spare parts list
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Even before the smoke could settle over the latest skirmishes in the sexual revolution, foot soldier Cheryl Merser realized that something was wrong: The old dating order had passed and time-honored codes of courtship were no longer working. "Before the revolution, "says Merser, 32, publicity manager for Random House publishers, "the etiquette of courtship involved young people who were going to get married and stay married, and usually their parents supervised the whole thing. Now it involves grown-ups and it includes sex. You simply don't date the same way at 32 that you do at 17." To find out how adults are dating, and how they feel about it, Merser, who is single, interviewed 100 of her brothers and sisters at the front and distributed questionnaires to 1,000 more. The result is Honorable Intentions: The Manners of Courtship in the '80s (Atheneum, $13.95), a thoughtful account of her findings garnished with proposals for romance without trauma. Merser, a native of Somerville, Mass. who lives in Manhattan, discussed her conclusions with Carol Wallace of PEOPLE.
Do adults really need a code of dating etiquette?
Absolutely. The world isn't going to fall apart if you use the wrong fork, but when it comes to courtship, feelings are involved. That's when it's more important than at any other time to be polite.
How has the sexual revolution affected courtship behavior?
Sex, instead of being a carrot dangling at the end of a romance, is now a possibility or a certainty early in a relationship. It changes the whole nature of courtship. We use sex early to bind us together and hope that we'll catch up emotionally later on. There's no time to establish emotional intimacy.
What do men and women complain about in each other?
Women say men don't want to make commitments. Men say that women want to get involved too fast. Women also complain about men who don't call back after a seemingly enjoyable first date.
Are you saying a man should call back to tell a woman he's not interested?
Why end anything badly? Even if he calls back and says, "Thanks, maybe we'll get together again," she will at least know how to deal with her emotions. She might be sad and wish it could have gone on, but I think she's better off knowing than waiting by the telephone for three weeks to see if he'll call.
Let's go back to the beginning. What's the best way to approach a blind date?
Don't plan a big long evening. Try to make it for drinks, and don't have it on the weekend. The weekend has a psychological importance that a weekday evening doesn't. It's also better to meet the person at a neutral place rather than at your home. If you do meet at your place, you'll be at a disadvantage. He or she will know a lot about you, but you won't know anything about the other person.
What's the wrong way to ask for a date?
By being vague. "Hey, do you want to hang out this weekend?" is the wrong way. The right way is, "Would you like to have dinner on Friday night about 7:30, and we'll go have a hamburger somewhere?" Then you know when you're expected, what you're expected to do and wear, and you'll probably feel more comfortable.
What is the kiss of death on a first date?
Showing up late, changing plans without telling the other person, talking about the wrong things. Topics of conversation to avoid include your ex-spouse, your ex-boyfriend or girlfriend, your astrological sign or anything you vow to do never again—like get married or have children. Also, some people seem compelled to tell their life stories right away. Maybe they shouldn't, because very often there's only time for one life story in an evening, and whose is it going to be? I think people have forgotten to be conversationalists. It's a good idea to have a store of lighter comments, which are often more appropriate for occasions like this.
If a woman asks a man out, who should pay for the evening?
She should. If he offers to pay half and she says no, he shouldn't push it. Men have to learn to feel comfortable with the idea that women are going to contribute.
If a woman is making more money than a man, should she pay all the time?
Nobody should pay all the time. Once you get going in a relationship, nobody should take the passive role exclusively. People who expect they'll be taken care of in courtship are obsolete or else aren't going to have relationships that work out.
Is sleeping together on the first date customary now?
The men and women I talked to said there is no expectation of sleeping together on the first date, unless it's on the part of someone who is not interested in a second date and just wants the sex.
What would be the correct way to say "no thanks" to the suggestion?
If you think you might want to sleep with a person at a later time, just say, "I'm not ready yet." You don't have to apologize or make excuses. A man shouldn't feel any pressure either, although most of them do and think they have to make that token grab.
For the first sleepover, his place or hers?
Nobody has territorial rights. If your date feels strongly about going to his or her place, go along with it and remember that next time you can do it your way.
What is the proper etiquette for a first-time sleepover date?
Some people fail to treat their new lovers as well as they would an ordinary houseguest. They forget to put out towels or clean sheets. Going out of your way to make a new lover feel welcome is not admitting, "Hey, you're the first date I've had in 12 years." What you're saying is, "This is an occasion that matters to me, and you matter to me." People told me they were touched by things like being asked which pillow they wanted or did they want the window open.
What is the polite way to inquire about herpes?
Sometimes safety has to come before ecstasy. If you want to ask somebody that question, he or she probably wants to ask you the same thing. It's better to face up to it and say, "Hey, I've read a lot about herpes and I'm worried about it." If a person has herpes, he or she should be the one to bring it up first. The worst manners in the world would be to say you don't have it when you do.
When should a new lover be introduced to the kiddies?
It should be done gradually, and never over breakfast. Also, if you tell your child to call your lover by some term of endearment, make sure you have checked with the person first. Not everybody wants to be called aunt or uncle.
What is the best way to end a love affair?
The mistake a lot of us make is that we get cowardly and try to sneak out the back door or do it over the telephone. You have to realize that you're going to hurt somebody. If you really want to break up, own up to the fact that you're doing it and give the other person as many reasons as you think are appropriate. Saying "I loved you a lot" is very important. There is no need to say "You did this, you did that" and delineate horror stories from the past.
What is the worst breach of courtship etiquette you experienced?
A guy I had dated for a year broke up with me, then called a week later to find out how to make a fruit compote that I had made for him when he was sick. He wanted his new girlfriend to make it for him. What I thought was, "I hope you die." What I said was, "I'm sorry, I don't have the recipe at hand."
What have you learned from your love affairs?
To be more frightened but also more brave about love. With each experience you learn what can go wrong, but you also learn to appreciate what can go right.
Are you dating anybody now?
Yes, but one of the most important rules of etiquette today is not to talk about the relationship with total strangers or national magazines.
Even in An Age of Sexual Liberty, Says Cheryl Merser, Good Manners Salve the Wounds of Romance
updated 10/03/1983 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 10/03/1983 AT 01:00 AM EDT


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Sustainability Policy
To give memorable experiences emphasizing our interest in conservation and philanthropy through personalized travel services, and focusing on eco and community-based tourism.
Vapues Tours is dedicated to offer our clients innovative and personalized quality services. Our mission is to satisfy our customers' needs and simultaneously promote responsible practices in Nicaragua
As one of the leading sustainable tour operators in the country, we are aware of the importance of environmental and cultural conservation. For this reason we are committed to put into practice the following policies:
In support of the above, we strive to:
Promoting Sustainability
Since 2011, Vapues Tours is part of TOPS, a group of tour operators committed to improve and promote sustainability practices in Nicaragua. http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/tourism/tops-members
Vapues Tours has also developed sustainable projects in Nicaragua. Besides founding http://www.bosawas.com,a website created to highlight the importance of community participation and sustainable practices, Vapues has participated in several projects to promote nature preservation, such as the first underwater cleaning of the nature reserve Apoyo Lagoon.
Moreover, good practices are being implemented in our offices including recycling programs. We have developed an evaluation form that, after being completed, leads to a description of various projects that we support. Vapues Tours will donate US$ 10.00 in the client´s name, to the project of his choice.
Code of Conduct
Each year, Vapues Tours is committed to follow the Code of Conduct to protect children and adolescents against Sexual Commercial Exploitation


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"Step closer and what?" the dispatcher asked.
"And he's going to shoot us," Shellie Zimmerman reported to the dispatcher.
"I don't know what he's capable of. I'm really, really scared."
Lake Mary Police will review home security camera footage of the incident, according to the Orlando Sentinel, and they have custody of Zimmerman's gun but will "more than likely" be returning it.
Police spokesman tells reporters that there are video cameras in the house. Investigators will review video. #GeorgeZimmerman— Jeff Weiner (@JeffWeinerOS) September 9, 2013
Chief Steve Bracknell: "They both have declined to press charges against" #GeorgeZimmerman. "We have no victim, no crime."— Jeff Weiner (@JeffWeinerOS) September 9, 2013
Police spokesman tells @renestutzman that #GeorgeZimmerman's free to go, "Mr. Zimmerman appears calm, collected. He's cooperating."— Jeff Weiner (@JeffWeinerOS) September 9, 2013


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A truck bomb has exploded in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico that was parked outside the town hall, injuring seven. So far police are reporting that there have been no fatalities.
Mexico's elections are just two days away in which voters will decide who to replace Felipe Calderon, who has waged a 5-1/2-year battle against drug traffickers and saw cartel violence spike resulting in thousands dead.
Police had yet to confirm if the attack was drug related, a possibility many suspect. Police, who were assisted by soldiers and Marines have sealed off the area and collecting evidence in an effort to determine the type of explosive as well as any information that could point to who was responsible.
The explosion went off mid-morning, tearing apart the vehicle and damaging 11 other cars as well as a wall of the town hall, the Tamaulipas state attorney general's office said in a statement.
Mexican presidents are barred by the constitution from running for a second term, but the candidate from Calderon's ruling National Action Party (PAN) is in third place, according to most polls.
Enrique Pena Nieto, of the opposition Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), is expected to win the election by a wide margin according to the polls.


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Energy & Technology
Eileen Claussen Reacts to President Obama's State of the Union Address
Statement of Eileen Claussen
President, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
January 24, 2012
We share President Obama's enthusiasm for homegrown solutions to America's energy challenges. Without question, America has the resources and know-how to produce more energy at home, strengthening both our economy and our national security. But protecting the climate also has to be part of the equation. If we sensitively develop domestic reserves, get serious about ramping up new energy sources, and push efficiency across the board, we can both meet America's energy needs and dramatically shrink our carbon footprint.
Even if comprehensive legislation remains off the table for now, we can make important progress tackling these challenges piece by piece. C2ES is working with policymakers and stakeholders on ways to expand enhanced oil recovery using captured carbon dioxide – an approach that can boost domestic oil production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, we're working with automakers, environmentalists and others on a plan for integrating plug-in electric vehicles into the U.S. electrical grid. We look forward to sharing the results of these and other C2ES initiatives aimed at practical solutions to our twin climate and energy challenges.
Contact: Tom Steinfeldt, 703-516-4146
Read the full transcript of the 2012 State of the Union Address
December 2011 Newsletter
Click here to view our December 2011 newsletter.
C2ES's December 2011 features updates from the 17th annual Conference of the Parties (COP17) in Durban, South Africa, policy options for a clean energy standard, a blog post on the landmark new fuel economy standards, and more.
Give green-car industry a chance to get up to speed
Letter to the Editor
The Washington Post
Published December 14, 2011
The Dec. 8 front-page article "Obama's green-car push struggles to pass 'go'?" missed the mark with respect to the emerging electric vehicle industry. The plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market is less than a year old. Americans have already purchased 50 percent more PEVs than they bought hybrids in the first year those cars were introduced a decade ago. Furthermore, the amount of private capital that has gone into the PEV market dwarfs public investments. These private companies did not invest hard-earned capital just because President Obama set a national goal. Focusing on public investment ignores the much larger efforts to develop the PEV market, undertaken by thousands of engineers, scientists, entrepreneurs and business leaders.
Experienced companies and start-ups in the PEV market are still trying to figure out their positions. Battery technology is evolving rapidly, and, as a result, costs are coming down. There will be ebbs and flows as consumers decide what kind of PEVs they want to purchase. Demand will drive the winners and losers here.
But the government can help jump-start the market, as it did with the 2009 Recovery Act. And the recently announced fuel economy standards should help, too. It's simply far too early to make a call about where we'll end up.
Judi Greenwald, Washington
The writer is vice president for technology and innovation at the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions.
Click here to visit The Washington Post site.
The Nuts and Bolts of the New CAFE and GHG Vehicle Standards
This is Part 2 of a series on the new EPA-DOT vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) and fuel economy standards. Part 1 took a first look on the goals of the standards.
These days, most cars can go from 0 to 60 mph in a pretty short time – but can the nation's car fleet go from 27.3 to 49.5 mpg in 15 years flat?
As we mentioned in Part I, a 49.5 mpg CAFE standard (or 54.5 mpg by the EPA's calculation) is the new vehicle standard for 2025. Considering that the current CAFE level is 27.3 mpg, closing the 20 mpg gap will need some pretty quick acceleration, efficiency-wise.
Though the new standard may seem daunting, the key takeaway is that passenger vehicles will use many technologies we already know about and still deliver the freedom of mobility and convenience found in today's cars. In fact, most of the fleet will still be powered by diesel and gasoline but with under-the-hood technological improvements that improve the bang for each buck of gas.
A Strong Defense for Low-Carbon Innovation
This post is the first of a two-part series on low-carbon innovation in the defense industry. It looks at how the DOD is uniquely positioned to drive low-carbon innovation. The second part in the blog series looks at how businesses are working with the DOD to bring low-carbon solutions to market.
From GPS to the Internet, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has a history of driving the creation of innovative technologies now used every day by Americans. With low-carbon policies a major challenge in Washington today, many clean energy advocates are seeking leadership from the DOD, which is the single largest consumer of energy in the country, to help drive clean energy solutions. Motivated by the need to better protect troops and support its operations, the DOD is becoming more involved in low-carbon technology research, development, and deployment. As stated in the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), this work will shape the future commercial potential of energy technologies, as "military installations [serve] as a test bed to demonstrate and create a market for innovative energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies."
Landmark New Vehicle Standards Set a Strong Path to the Future
This post is the first of a two-part series on the new joint EPA-NHTSA vehicle standards. It will give an overview of the new standards. The second part dives deeper into details on how the new standards will be met.
As the Pew Center for Global Climate Change has transformed into the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), the transportation sector is undergoing some major transformations itself.
The eagerly anticipated model years 2017-2025 vehicle standards for greenhouse gases and fuel economy have been officially proposed and inked into the best of formal Federal prose – an extensively detailed 893-page behemoth of a report to be exact. The new vehicle standards would nearly double the efficiency of the nation's passenger vehicle fleet. And based on its contents, these proposed standards appear to be a tremendous victory for most, creating benefits for the economy, national security, public health, vehicle buyers, and the global climate.
It's been a long time coming. Together with last year's rulemakings on 2012-2016 light duty standards and 2014-2018 heavy duty standards, vehicle standards haven't seen an overhaul of this magnitude since, well, the creation of such standards in the 1970s.
Press Release: Center For Climate and Energy Solutions Examines Illustrative Framework For Federal Clean Energy Standard
Press Release
November 30, 2011
Contact: Rebecca Matulka, 703-516-4146
WASHINGTON, D.C. – A new paper released today by the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) describes an illustrative framework for a federal clean energy standard (CES) for the electricity sector. A CES is a market-based standard that requires electric utilities to deliver a certain amount of electricity from clean energy sources.
The paper, An Illustrative Framework for a Federal Clean Energy Standard for the Power Sector, explains how policymakers can balance the various objectives and interests associated with a federal CES.
"An effective clean energy standard can help drive the changes necessary to advance innovative U.S. energy solutions that benefit our economy and environment," said C2ES President Eileen Claussen. "Now is the time to make concrete progress on critical policy questions so we're prepared when the window for action opens again."
The illustrative framework builds on Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications, a paper released earlier this month by C2ES and the Regulatory Assistance Project. The earlier paper takes a detailed look at issues and options in designing a CES.
The new paper offers a specific illustration of how a CES could be designed to balance objectives such as maintaining diversity in the sources of electricity, advancing the next generation of energy technologies, and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. It examines key design issues such as the definition of "clean energy," targets and timetables, and the use of cost off-ramps. The intention is not to recommend a specific policy approach, but to illustrate one set of design choices among the many combinations possible.
The paper also lists policies that can complement a federal CES in order to more effectively drive clean energy technology innovation and deployment. Such measures include tax credits, federal funding for energy research and development, and provisions to address institutional and regional barriers to clean energy.
Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have already enacted some type of electricity portfolio standard, and members of Congress have several times proposed federal electricity portfolio standards. Republican-sponsored CES bills were introduced in the last Congress and President Obama called for a federal CES in his 2011 State of the Union address.
For more information about the climate and energy challenge and the activities of the C2ES, visit www.C2ES.org.
About C2ES
The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) is an independent non-profit, non-partisan organization promoting strong policy and action to address the twin challenges of energy and climate change. Launched in November 2011, C2ES is the successor to the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, long recognized in the United States and abroad as an influential and pragmatic voice on climate issues. C2ES is led by Eileen Claussen, who previously led the Pew Center and is the former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs.
An Illustrative Framework for a Clean Energy Standard for the Power Sector
November 2011
Related Resources:
This paper describes an illustrative framework for a federal clean energy standard (CES) for the electricity sector. A CES is a type of electricity portfolio standard. Electricity portfolio standards are flexible, market-based policies that typically set requirements for the percentage of electricity that must be supplied from qualified energy resources—requiring, for example, that by 2025, 25 percent of electricity sales must be met with electricity generated from renewable sources (e.g., wind, solar, geothermal). Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have already enacted some type of electricity portfolio standard, and members of Congress have several times proposed federal electricity portfolio standards.[1] For background information on the concept of a CES, see "Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications."[2]
A CES Framework
The CES framework described in this paper is intended to illustrate how policymakers could balance the various objectives and interests associated with a federal CES, whether in the way described in this paper or in any number of other ways.
An Illustrative CES Framework
Table 1 below presents the key CES policy design questions and considerations that policymakers face in choosing relevant CES policy parameters, as well as an illustrative framework that addresses these design choices, and the rationales that explain the approach illustrated. The various policy design choices in the illustrative CES framework should be considered together as a whole, as they are interrelated.
In addition to the CES policy outlined in Table 1 below, Discussion of Select Issues Related to the CES Framework describes some key CES design issues as well as policies that can complement a federal CES to more effectively drive clean energy technology innovation and deployment.
Note that certain numeric values are bracketed. These bracketed values are suggestions and can be refined based on additional analysis or deliberation. In addition, for the "Eligible Clean Energy Resources" policy design parameter, the proposal includes two alternatives.
Table 1 : Illustrative Federal CES Framework
Policy Design
Illustrative CES Framework
CES Point of Regulation
Administrative complexity and burden
Cost-effective incentives for clean energy deployment, energy efficiency, and GHG emission reduction
Ease of crediting both supply-and demand-side compliance
CES is an electricity portfolio standard with a point of regulation at (compliance obligation on) electric utilities[3]
The electricity portfolio standard approach is already demonstrated in a majority of states and well known among federal policymakers in light of multiple federal renewable and clean energy standard bills.
Putting the point of regulation on electricity generators, rather than on utilities, would ultimately leave certain generators with no compliance options but to buy credits or shut down.[4]
CES Coverage
Administrative complexity and burden
Dilution of the effective CES target by exempting certain utilities
Fairness with respect to impacts on different electricity consumers
Compliance options available to smaller utilities
All electric utilities regardless of size or ownership
The inherent compliance flexibility and cost-effectiveness of a market-based CES program and the inclusion of non-renewable energy sources and efficiency as compliance options mean that electric utilities of any size in any location have readily available compliance options.
Exempting certain electric utilities based on size or ownership unfairly shifts the cost of achieving a national clean energy goal onto a subset of electricity consumers.
Covering all electric utilities does increase the administrative complexity of a federal CES as a much larger number of entities must comply, but experience with similar programs indicates that this is manageable (see Appendix A.3 in "Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications").[5]
Eligible Clean Energy Resources (Option A – Technology-focused definition of "clean energy")
Direct and lifecycle air emissions from different technologies
Trade-off between promoting near-term deployment of more cost-effective clean energy technologies and accelerating the deployment of less mature technologies
Improving the environmental and public health profile of electricity generation based on multiple criteria
Distribution of costs and benefits —e.g., the potential for wealth transfers and windfall profits
Full credits for renewables, as defined in Sec. 132 of the American Clean Energy Leadership Act of 2009 (S.1462) from the 111th Congress—e.g., with respect to crediting both existing and new renewables for the most part but only incremental hydropower, and with respect to the definition of biomass[6]
New and incremental nuclear power
Partial credits for fossil fuel use coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a function of net CO2 emissions rate
Partial credits for new and incremental natural gas generation that is below an emissions threshold of [800 lbs CO2/MWh] with the total credits available for such natural gas generation in any given year limited in order to spur coal-to-gas fuel switching without disadvantaging other clean energy technologies.
Where [800] lbs CO2/MWh is roughly the emission rate of a new natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plant.
CES provides at least some financial incentive for all new generation that can lower power-sector GHG emissions below the "business-as-usual" trajectory.
Concerns about biomass and hydropower addressed by adopting definitions from 2009 Senate renewable electricity standard.
Incentive for NGCC generation limited to supporting the displacement of older, less efficient coal generation that would not otherwise have occurred.
No credits directly issued to non-incremental hydropower and nuclear generation to avoid rewarding activities that do not provide any additional clean energy generation.
Eligible Clean Energy Resources (Option B – Emissions-focused definition of "clean energy")
Credits available for all generation save for non-incremental generation from nuclear, hydropower, and fossil fueled units.
Credits awarded based on the following formula for a generator with an emissions rate of X lbs CO2/MWh:
(Credits / MWh) = 1 – (X lbs CO2/MWh)/([1,700] lbs CO2/MWh)
Where [1,700] lbs CO2/MWh is roughly the emission rate of a new supercritical coal-fired power plant.
CES provides financial incentive for any new generator that can lower power-sector GHG emissions below the "business-as-usual" trajectory, and for some existing generators, and the financial incentive is proportional to the degree of CO2-intensity reduction.
A CO2-intensity metric for eligibility and partial crediting puts all lower-carbon resources on a level playing field.
Credits for Electricity Savings from Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is often the lowest-cost option for clean energy (counting avoided use, or "negawatts")
Challenges in measuring and verifying electricity savings
Trade-off between promoting cost-effective GHG emission reductions and accelerating the deployment of less mature technologies
Credits issued for demonstrated electricity savings from utility energy efficiency programs (i.e., customer end-use electricity savings), and industrial efficiency, including new combined heat and power systems. 1 MWh of electricity savings earns (1- (CES % requirement)) credits.
Credits for electricity savings are neither tradable outside the state where the electricity savings occurred nor bankable.
Credits for electricity savings can be used to meet up to [25%] of an electric utility's compliance obligation.
Energy efficiency is included in a CES in recognition of its status as a low-cost clean energy option.
The ability to directly comply via electricity savings is limited owing to concerns over measurement and verification and the policy goal of spurring new clean energy technology deployment.
Demonstrated electricity savings earn less than 1 credit per MWh in order to correctly account for the differential impact of electricity savings versus non-emitting generation.
Base Quantity of Electricity Sales
Minimization of regional disparities
The base quantity of electricity sales to which the CES percentage requirement applies is equal to total annual electricity sales to end-use customers excluding non-incremental nuclear and hydropower generation.
Excluding existing nuclear and hydropower from the base quantity provides credit indirectly for these clean energy sources without risking windfall profits.
Targets and Timetable
Increase in clean energy compared to "business as usual"
Achievability and cost
Minimization of regional disparities
The CES program administrator shall periodically (every [5] years) adjust future CES percentage requirements in light of any unanticipated reductions in generation from existing clean energy facilities to ensure that the total clean energy goals are met.
Clean energy targets are generally consistent with expected power-sector generation mix under recent proposals for comprehensive climate and energy legislation.
Actual CES percentage requirement is a function of the total clean energy goal, the definition of the base quantity of electricity sales, and the treatment of existing clean energy facilities.
Linear ramp up of CES targets is achievable in light of historical clean energy deployment rates and compliance flexibility from trading, banking/borrowing, and alternative compliance payment (ACP).
Banking and Borrowing
Compliance flexibility and cost containment
Achievement of clean energy deployment beyond "business as usual"
Risks associated with excessive credit borrowing
Unlimited banking
Limited borrowing ([3] years into the future) with "interest" against future clean energy credit streams from facilities that are under construction.
Banking provides temporal compliance flexibility and lower compliance costs without sacrificing policy goals.
Borrowing similarly provides compliance flexibility and improves cost-effectiveness but should be limited to avoid excessive borrowing that puts pressure on policymakers to forgive debts.
Alternative Compliance Payment (ACP)
Trade-offs between cost containment and clean energy deployment and emission reductions
In lieu of clean energy credits, electric utilities can comply by making alternative compliance payments in an amount equal to [$35/MWh] in 2012 and rising at the rate of inflation plus [5%].
ACP revenues shall be made available to the states whose ratepayers provided them for use in furtherance of the goals of the CES—e.g., clean energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment – as well as offsetting electricity costs for ratepayers – e.g., energy intensive, trade exposed (EITE) industries and low-income households.
ACP that increases in real terms provides protection against excessive costs but allows credit prices to increase over time as the CES target becomes more ambitious.
ACP revenues are used for the benefit of the states whose ratepayers paid them.
Treatment of Existing State Programs
States' ability to set state clean energy requirements
States' ability to affect national clean energy requirements (i.e., additionality of state clean energy requirements)
States' ability to define qualified clean energy under federal program
Avoidance of "double-counting" of clean MWhs
Administrative complexity and burden
Federal CES is a separate and distinct program from state electricity portfolio standards.
Qualified clean energy facilities can earn both federal and state credits for meeting separate compliance obligations.
Appropriate compliance credit granted to electric utilities for payments made to state programs (i.e., state RPS ACP payments and central procurement state RPSs (e.g., NY)).[7]
Federal CES does not preempt any state programs.
Federal CES sets the goal and requirement for aggregate national clean energy generation, and Congress defines what counts as clean energy for the purposes of this goal.
States retain authority to operate and implement their own programs that can change the share of national clean energy generation and associated benefits achieved within their own borders.
Double-counting of MWhs toward compliance with the federal requirement is avoided.
Discussion of Select Issues Related to the CES Framework
Certain CES policy design issues related to the CES framework above warrant particular mention, and these are explored in more detail in this section. Note that the issues below highlight the need for more sophisticated modeling analyses of potential CES policies to inform policymakers and other stakeholders about the implications of and trade-offs among various CES design options as they develop the details of a CES policy.[8]
Quantifying Base Quantity
The assumption underpinning the framework described in this paper is that, if a CES sets uniform percentage requirements for all electric utilities, policymakers should provide CECs only to qualified clean energy generation while excluding non-incremental nuclear and hydropower generation from the base quantity of electricity sales. This approach can minimize the risk of windfall profits, though for some technologies, it may risk encouraging the reduction of generation from existing clean energy facilities.
Natural Gas
Highly efficient natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants emit much lower levels of air pollutants (including CO2, the primary GHG) compared both to the average existing coal-fired power plant and even compared to new coal-fired power plants with modern pollution controls.[9] Moreover, developments over the past few years related to shale gas have led to the realization that the United States has a much larger supply of affordable domestic natural gas than previously thought.[10] As a result of these and other factors, natural gas is, absent new policies, projected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to dominate new electricity generating capacity additions in coming decades.[11]
While natural gas is a highly competitive choice for new electricity generating capacity required to meet electricity demand growth, there remains a significant opportunity to displace existing older, less efficient, and more highly polluting coal-fired generation with incremental natural gas-fired generation—a displacement unlikely to be fully realized under "business as usual" but one that a CES can facilitate by providing at least some credit to incremental natural gas-fired electricity generation. Incremental natural gas-fired generation could come from both new capacity additions and greater utilization of existing NGCC power plants.
In providing an incentive under a CES for displacing existing coal-fired generation with incremental natural gas-fired generation, policymakers may want to avoid an outcome in which a CES provides an incentive for natural gas at the expense of other lower-emitting energy technologies—e.g., renewables, nuclear power, and fossil fuel use coupled with CCS. Whether providing partial credit under a CES for incremental natural gas-fired generation leads to this outcome likely depends on the CES program's targets and the value of any alternative compliance payment (ACP). For example, providing credit for incremental natural gas-fired generation under a CES that has very modest targets and a low ACP value is more likely to create an incentive for natural gas-fired electricity generation at the expense of lower-emitting technologies.
Both "Eligible Clean Energy Resources" policy design parameter options in the CES framework would tie incentives for natural gas under a CES to the displacement of existing traditional coal-fired electricity generation. This approach, however, could benefit from additional analysis and deliberation – particularly regarding how best to implement it.
Other issues related to crediting natural gas under a CES are how the treatment of natural gas may affect CES cost impacts differently across utilities, states, and regions and how policymakers can provide incentives for new NGCC plants without creating competition between new and existing NGCC units.[12]
Equitable Impacts
Since electricity prices already vary dramatically across utilities, states, and regions, electricity price impacts under a CES can vary across utilities, states, and regions. This variation results from factors such as the different levels of existing clean power generation, differences in renewable resource endowments, differences in wholesale power markets, and different retail electricity market structures (i.e., competitive vs. traditionally regulated). These factors and CES policy design choices can interact in complex and nuanced ways, so the best way to gauge the likely electricity price impacts of particular CES policy formulations is through sophisticated power sector modeling.
The CES framework in Table 1 is intended to provide for equitable electricity price impacts across utilities, states, and regions. Stakeholders, however, may reasonably have different points of view regarding what constitutes "equitable price impacts." For example, some might argue that roughly equal percentage changes in electricity rates across utilities, states, and regions are fair while others might support price changes of similar absolute magnitude (e.g., in cents per kilowatt-hour). Additionally, some might argue that it is only fair for utilities, states, and regions that currently have higher than average electricity prices because of a greater current reliance on cleaner energy sources to see smaller price increases under a national CES than utilities, states, and regions that enjoy lower than average electricity prices in part due to less investment in clean power generation.
Cost Containment
In designing a CES, policymakers will likely seek to balance the benefits associated with increasing clean power generation against the costs (e.g., electricity rate impacts) associated with transitioning to an electricity generation mix that relies more heavily on clean energy sources. In recent congressional electricity portfolio standards, one of the key provisions for cost containment has been the alternative compliance payment (ACP).[13]
A few points regarding the inclusion of and value chosen for an ACP warrant mention. First, congressional electricity portfolio standard proposals in the 111th Congress have included relatively low ACP values that remained constant in real terms (i.e., they increased only to keep pace with inflation).[14] However, putting the power sector on a clean energy trajectory that diverges more and more over time from "business as usual" is likely to require an ACP that may start off at a relatively low level but that increases in real terms over time.
Second, while an ACP acts as a price ceiling for the price of tradable clean energy credits, the relationship between credit prices and electricity rate impacts under a CES is not as straightforward as one might imagine. As such, policymakers should think carefully about what ACP value is truly appropriate for balancing benefits and costs under a CES.
Third, if policymakers want to use a CES to focus specifically on spurring the deployment of less commercially mature, very low-emitting technologies, policymakers might consider a CES formulation that has a high ACP value but a lower percentage target coupled with a narrower definition of clean energy. This formulation might satisfy the desire for cost containment while still providing a substantial financial incentive for less commercially mature clean energy technologies.
Complementary Policies
A policy—like a CES—that lowers the cost of clean electricity technologies relative to competing technologies can be the federal government's central, overarching policy for spurring widespread deployment of clean electricity technologies. However, combining a CES with technology-specific complementary policies like those summarized in Table 2 can help deploy clean energy technology more cost-effectively and advance a broader portfolio of clean energy technologies by addressing market failures, and market and institutional barriers that a CES alone cannot address.[15]
Table 2 includes examples of existing policies and programs that could complement a CES. Policymakers could continue these policies and programs, expand them, or create new similar ones to complement a federal CES.
Table 2 : Clean Power Complementary Policies
Type of Complementary Policy
Policy Examples
Clean Energy R&D
On their own, private firms tend to under-invest in clean energy R&D in light of the spillover benefits from such investments.
The Federal government can directly fund clean energy R&D and provide incentives for private sector investment as well.
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)
DOE Energy Innovation Hubs
R&D tax credits
Demonstration and "First-Mover" Clean Energy Projects
First-of-a-kind demonstration projects and "first mover" clean energy projects provide real world cost and performance data, thus mitigating uncertainty and market risk for clean energy technologies. Such projects also move clean energy technologies along their "learning curve," thus making them more cost-competitive.
FutureGen 2.0
Loan Guarantee Program
Targeted tax credits
Policies to Address Institutional and Regulatory Barriers
These issues vary among clean technologies and include, for example: transmission siting for wind and solar power, interconnection standards for distributed generation, uncertainty over long-term handling of spent nuclear fuel, and electric utility regulation that discourages electricity savings from energy efficiency programs.
Policies specific to institutional and regulatory barriers
Given the limited options with a CES policy for addressing costs borne by particular households and businesses of concern to policymakers (e.g., low-income households and energy-intensive, trade-exposed [EITE] industries), policymakers might seek to ameliorate any negative cost impacts felt by such households and businesses via complementary policies outside of the CES. Tax credits to defray the cost of energy efficiency investments by EITE industries and additional funding for the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), are examples of such complementary policies.
[1] "Renewable & Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards," Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, last modified August 25, 2011.
[2] Regulatory Assistance Project and the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications, September 2011, Appendix A.3.
[3] Here, as in congressional electricity portfolio standard proposals, the definition of "electricity utility" refers to any person, state agency, or federal agency, which sells electric energy (Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, 16 U.S.C § 2602(4)).
[4] Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications, Section 8.5. This section discusses the point of regulation.
[5] Ibid, Appendix A.3.
[6] American Clean Energy Leadership Act of 2009, S. 1462, 111th Congress, Sec. 132 (2009). Renewable energy is defined to mean electric energy generated at a facility (including distributed generation facility) from: solar, wind, geothermal and incremental geothermal, qualified incremental hydropower, marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy, ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and thermal), biomass (as defined by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, 42 U.S.C. § 15852(b)), landfill gas; and coal-mined methane, or qualified waste-to-energy sources or other innovative sources as determined through rulemaking.
[7] In most states with RPS programs, utilities are required to provide their customers a certain percentage of electricity from renewable sources. New York's RPS program uses a central procurement model, with New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) as central procurement administrator. Under this model, utilities do not procure renewable electricity directly, but rather NYSERDA pays a production incentive to renewable electricity generators. In exchange for receiving the production incentive, the renewable generator transfers to NYSERDA all rights and/or claims to the RPS attributes associated with each MWh of renewable electricity generated, and guarantees delivery of the associated electricity to the customer.
[8] "Clean Energy Standards," Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, last accessed September 19, 2011. Existing CES modeling results from such groups as the Bipartisan Policy Center and Resources for the Future are accessible on this webpage.
[9] Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications, Appendix A.3.
[10] "What is shale gas and why is it important?," United States Energy Information Administration's (EIA), Energy in Brief, last modified August 4, 2011.
[11] "Annual Energy Outlook 2011," United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), last modified April 26, 2011. In its AEO2011 Reference Case, EIA projects that natural gas will account for 60 percent of capacity additions for 2009-2035.
[12] Meghan McGuinness, The Administration's Clean Energy Standard Proposal: An Initial Analysis, Bipartisan Policy Center Staff Paper (Washington, DC: Bipartisan Policy Center, 2011). Such competition between new and existing NGCC units has little to no benefit in terms of increasing clean energy generation, but as the Bipartisan Policy Center's recent CES modeling suggests, it is a possible outcome if a CES policy is not carefully crafted to avoid it.
[13] Electric utilities demonstrate compliance with CES requirements by submitting clean energy credits equivalent to the required level of clean energy generation. An ACP provision under a CES allows an electric utility to make payments to the CES program administrator of a specified value in lieu of submitting tradable credits. An ACP acts as a cap on the cost of compliance with a CES. Electric utilities will increase the amount of clean energy that they deliver in keeping with the CES requirement until the incremental cost of such energy exceeds the ACP value. Policymakers may set a fixed ACP, one that increases at the rate of inflation, or one that increase in real terms over time as the CES targets become more ambitious.
[14] Clean Energy Standards: State and Federal Policy Options and Implications, Table 3 in Appendix A.3
[15] Ibid, Appendix A.2. This appendix section provides a broad overview of many of these challenges.
The Business Behind Low-Carbon Solutions
Business leaders from across the country convened in Atlanta last month to share critical lessons from developing and deploying low-carbon solutions. At our Business of Innovating conference, dozens of company leaders—from Coca-Cola and Mars to Dow and Bayer—discussed new products and solutions that are beginning to drive business growth in clean energy while limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Their efforts reflect a deepening understanding of changes in market preferences and demand for low-carbon solutions.
NPR Not Plugged In to All the Facts on Electric Vehicles
A recent story on NPR's Morning Edition about plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) misses the mark. At C2ES, we don't believe PEVs are the single answer to our transportation energy security and environmental problems, but we think they could make a contribution if they're given a fair shot. That's why we started an initiative on PEVs almost a year ago to take a practical look at the challenges and opportunities of PEV technology.
First, the story mentions plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) like the Chevrolet Volt at the outset, but then ignores how that vehicle type overcomes the problem at the heart of the story – range anxiety. The fear of being stranded due to inadequate driving range and deficient charging infrastructure is a legitimate critique of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). BEvs are battery-only vehicles, i.e. they cannot run on gasoline. But, the Volt and soon-to-be-released Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid can run on gasoline or electricity and have the same range as a conventional car. You can travel 25 to 50 miles in a Volt or up to 15 miles in a plug-in Prius without using gasoline and then rely on gasoline to fuel the rest of your trip. It's difficult to estimate how many trips these electric-only ranges will accommodate, but a plug-in hybrid overcomes the need for a consumer to make that determination. In case you're wondering, the average car trip length is 9.34 miles according to the National Household Transportation Survey.


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Lamoine D. Duis
Lamoine D. Duis, 61, of Lexington, Neb., passed away April 8, 2013, at his home in Lexington, Neb., following a courageous fight with cancer.
He was born June 17, 1951, in Gothenburg, Neb., to George and Leona (Sommer) Duis.
He attended school at Gothenburg. Lamoine was united in marriage to Linda Defruiter on April 1, 1967, in Gothenburg, Neb. Two sons were blessed to this marriage; Andrew and Shane. The couple later divorced.
Lamoine worked for Sperry New Holland after moving to Lexington, Neb., in the mid 1970s. He attended auctioneer school in Billings, Mont., in 1977. He later worked for the Kugler Family and then 25 years at Designer Craft Woodworking for Steve Atwood. His health forced him to retire three years ago.
He was a member of Zion Lutheran Church in Gothenburg, Neb. Lamoine loved riding his Harley Davidson, woodworking, fishing, hunting and going to the sale barn. His greatest joys in life were times spent with his sons and grandchildren.
He is survived by two sons and a daughter-in-law, Andrew and Wendy Duis of Grand Island, Neb., and Shane Duis of Gothenburg, Neb.; five grandchildren, Carter, Bryce and Andrea Duis of Grand Island, Neb., Judd Duis of Cozad, Neb., and Justin Duis of Fort Collins, Colo.
He was preceded in death by his parents and three brothers, Mearle, Kermit and Clifford.
Memorial services were held April 16, 2013 at Reynolds-Love Funeral Chapel in Lexington, Neb.
Burial was in the Zion Lutheran Cemetery near Gothenburg, Neb.
Memorial contributions may be made to the family for later designation.
Share online condolences with the family through at ReynoldsLoveFuneralhome.com. ❖
Naomi Ruth (Rikli) Geweke
Naomi Ruth (Rikli) Geweke, 86, of Ord, Neb., passed away April 9, 2013, at Community Memorial Health Center in Burwell, Neb.
She was born Feb. 12, 1927, on a farm near Murdock, Neb., to Leo Rikli and Edna (Johannsen) Rikli.
She received her education in Murdock, Neb., and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for one year majoring in home economics.
On April 1, 1945, Naomi was united in marriage to Lloyd Archie Geweke at the Murdock Evangelical Brethren Church. After their marriage, Naomi joined Lloyd in their farming and ranching operation south of Ord, Neb. Naomi was a very active farm wife and immediately became Lloyd's partner in the family business. She helped Lloyd work cattle, work the fields and actively participated in the horse breeding operation, but still was always able to get to the house in time to cook fabulous meals for everyone who was helping with the operation. She was very actively involved in her church in many ways especially in preparing church dinners.
She is survived by her husband of 68 years, Lloyd Geweke; a daughter, Jean Stowell and husband, Bob; daughter-in-law, Carol Keyser and husband, Bill Keyser; grandchildren, Dahn Hagge and husband, Mark, Barry Geweke and wife, Kelly, Kris Cullers and husband, Randy, Vicki Edwards and husband, Clint, Will Stowell, and Bobbi Augustyn and husband, Zach; 17 great-grandchildren; and many relatives and friends also remain to cherish her memory.
She was preceded in death by her parents, Leo and Edna Rikli; two brothers, Vernon and Warren Rikli; and her son, Don Geweke.
Memorial services were held April 13, 2013, at Ord First United Methodist Church.
Interment was at the Ord City Cemetery.
Memorial contributions may be made to the Ord First United Methodist Church or the Valley County Community Foundation Fund for the Geweke Youth Endowment. ❖
Leonard V. H. Lautenschlager, Sr.
Leonard V. H. Lautenschlager, Sr., 93, of Palmer, Neb., passed away April 10, 2013, at Howard County Medical Center in St. Paul, Neb.
He was born April 5, 1920, on the family farm near Palmer, Neb., to Louis and Luella (Dreiman) Lautenschlager.
Leonard was baptized in the Lutheran faith. He grew up on the family farm and lived his entire 93 years there. He was united in marriage to Edna Reimers on December 10, 1946. To this union eight children were born.
Leonard was a farmer first. He worked several years at the sugar beet factory in Grand Island, Neb. When it closed he went to work for Sperry New Holland in Grand Island, Neb. At the same time, he also did work for Platte River By Products and for his uncle Bill Lautenschlager assembling farm equipment. He then worked for Dinsdale Brothers. He also sold Tekseed and was a dealer for Archer Oil Company. He retired in 2003.
He enjoyed fishing, hunting, traveling, playing cards and visiting with people. He loved to dance and listen to polka music.
He was a member of St. John's Lutheran Church of Palmer, Neb., the Platt-Duetsche of Grand Island, Neb., and Arbor Day Foundation. He was very active in planting trees.
He is survived by three sons and a daughter-in-law, Leonard Jr., and Leslie and Charlene Lautenschlager, all of Palmer, Neb., and Larry Lautenschlager; four daughters and three sons-in-law, Lois Bright of Grand Junction, Colo., Lila and LeRoy Ostendorf of Gothenburg, Neb., Leolla and Jim Davis of St. Libory, Neb., and LaNell and Russ Bateman of Kremmling, Colo.; a daughter-in-law, Julie Lautenschlager of St. Libory, Neb.; 18 grandchildren and numerous great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his wife, Edna, on April 8, 2007; and a son, Louis Lautenschlager; and by his parents.
Memorial services were held April 15, 2013 at St. John's Lutheran Church in Palmer, Neb.
Burial was in the Rose Hill Cemetery in Palmer, Neb.
Memorial contributions may be made to the family's choice.
Condolences for Leonard's family may be left at www.JacobsenGreenway.com. ❖


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9 Secrets of Multi-Orgasmic Women
Get primed for more Oh-Oh pleasure
By KIMBERLY DAWN NEUMANN (9 Photos)
Multi-Oh Secret #1: She Knows the Definition of "Multiple Orgasm"Having a multiple orgasm is not some unattainable sexual holy grail. Women have multiples more often than you think. A multiple orgasm is simply "having more than one orgasm within the same lovemaking event." You might have a very specific idea of what a multi-oh should look like but, according to Lou Paget, author of The Great Lover Playbook, there are actually three different kinds that women can have -- "Compound Singles" are when there are substantial non-arousal breaks between orgasm; "Sequential Multiples" are orgasms that occur two to three minutes apart with cool-downs in between; and, "Serial Multiples" are mere seconds apart. By recognizing the different types of multiple orgasms, a woman may realize she's been having them and didn't even know it!
Also keep in mind how unique each woman is to men. "It's so much easier for women than men to have a multiple orgasm," says Lou Paget, sex educator and author of The Big O – Orgasms: How to Have Them, Give Them, and Keep Them Coming. "Women don't go through the refractory phase the way men do -- with blood flow releasing after ejaculation -- so a multiple orgasm could be seconds after the first." When a woman has one orgasm, she doesn't need to wait for seconds. She can just go again and again!
Multi-Oh Secret #2: She Knows She's a Sex KittenAccording to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, adult women who have high self-esteem, autonomy and empathy are more likely to experience sexual pleasure and regular orgasms. If a woman is uptight during a sexual experience or feels guilt or shame, the chance of her reaching one orgasm -- let alone multiples -- is pretty much zero.
Women who feel good about themselves, however, and who embrace their sexuality in a healthy way are in a better position to experience heightened sexual pleasure (over and over and over). In other words, learn to love yourself (including your sexual self) and your body will show you just how much you rock…multiplied.
Multi-Oh Secret #3: She Knows How to Do it HerselfIt's usually helpful for a woman to fly solo when she's first exploring the concept of multiple orgasms. This is because there is no pressure to perform (i.e. no thinking "I have to come or he'll be disappointed!"). That means you can keep trying until you get it just right.
If hypersensitivity becomes an issue, a good way to work around it is to skip direct contact with the clitoral shaft the second time and stroke more to the side with a wider, sweeping motion. Be sure to "play" with different areas.
"What often happens when women are self-pleasuring is that they will discover other areas that are sensitive that they didn't expect. Until they stimulate different nerves, they don't know how they're going to react," says Paget.
Multi-Oh Secret #4: She Knows All the Hot SpotsChances are you've heard of the G-Spot (that sometimes elusive pleasure point about an inch or two inside a woman on the navel side), but that isn't the only hot button you can push.
"The G-Spot is not the only way to become multiple orgasmic -- there is a little confusion on that," says Paget. "Women are capable of having orgasms initiated from 10 different types of stimulation -- outer-body targets include nipple, clitoris, g-spot, anus and vagina." And, we have the capacity to produce pleasure from any of these.
When exploring these different nerve systems, what often happens is a blended form of orgasm, which "results from more than one area being stimulated at the same time creating orgasmic response," says Paget. Just think about all the different combinations you can try. Oh, the possibilities!
Multi-Oh Secret #5: She Knows Timing Matters"Women are better able to discover multiple orgasm when there are fewer distractions -- like during a weekend or vacation, when they are able to try something more, something new or to shut the world off," says Paget.
Timing also refers to the actual rhythm established during sex. "Women respond to rhythm because it relaxes them -- getting them out of their heads and into their bodies, which actually allows for deeper arousal," says Billy Sunday Mars, author of Fit for Love. "Otherwise the worry center of her brain kicks in and even one orgasm becomes difficult."
When establishing rhythm with a partner, Mars suggests that slower, more controlled and consistent pelvic rocking combined with a comfortable pressure applied to her pleasure points will not only allow a woman to reach orgasm sooner, but also expand and extend the actual orgasm. "Remember micro-movements can produce macro-results," says Mars.
Multi-Oh Secret #6: She Knows Slippery is Good"In real estate, the lingo is location, location, location which is also obviously very important in intimacy," says Mars. "However, almost equally important, and what is stressed in Tantric circles is lubrication, lubrication, lubrication!"
Why? Well, part of being able to experience a multi-oh requires keeping erogenous areas receptive to stimulation throughout the intimate process, which could involve stimulation, re-stimulation and blended stimulation. To avoid desensitization as well as vaginal discomfort and soreness during this process, a woman must be both internally (vaginally) and externally (clitorally) "well lubricated."
There are many good supplemental lubricants on the market you can try but you can also encourage "natural" lubrication by starting any multi-orgasmic exploration with a pelvic or vaginal massage. "It's kind of like setting the table before a beautiful meal," says Mars. "As you continue, be sure to keep up the lubing so you can keep grooving."
Multi-Oh Secret #7: She Knows the RubIt's time for a little friction -- the good kind. By learning the Coital Alignment Technique (CAT), you can really up your chances of a multiple orgasm. To access the CAT in the missionary position, have your guy shift forward so that his chest is closer to your shoulders. By making this adjustment, he'll ride higher on your pelvis, allowing your clitoris to rub against his pubic bone or lower abdominals while he internally rubs your G-Spot, the AFE (Anterior Fornix Erogenous Zone at your upper Cervix) or the PFE (the Posterior Fornix Erogenous zone at the bottom rear of the vaginal canal).
Also, in the Cowgirl (i.e. "Girl on Top") and missionary positions you can manually stimulate your own clitoris. "Spooning and Doggie Style are also optimal alternatives for multiple orgasms because he can manually stimulate your clitoris while his penis rubs your G-Spot or AFE/PFE," says Mars. "This 'double rub' decreases the time it takes to reach orgasm thanks to the extra stimulation and increases the possibility of multiplying, blending and extending your orgasms." This might take some mutual coordination, but it is very doable. Rub-a-dub-dub!
Multi-Oh Secret # 8: She Knows Every AngleLegs up in the air! Turns out that you can up your orgasmic chances if you lift a little.
"Tilting your hips and pelvis upwards actually shortens your vaginal canal allowing even a less endowed male partner to reach unchartered territory for him which makes both partners feel fulfilled…you physically, him psychologically," says Mars. "Try using the wedge or a pillow beneath your lower back creating an angle where your hips are above your head and shoulders -- so you're laying down with your hips tilted up."
This "hips up" position allows better access to a woman's AFE and PFE. "A woman must understand that her cervical area can be a hot spot for truly earth shattering orgasms," says Mars. And a little tilt can take you there!
Multi-Oh Secret #9: She Knows to Let Go of the Outcome"If you're thinking about the performance, you're not thinking about the pleasure," says Paget. "The one thing I want to let women know is that this is about enjoyment and not something else they have to accomplish." No woman should find herself trying for a multiple orgasm and then feeling like a failure if she doesn't reach outer orbit!
"By thinking of sex as a goal-oriented event, with orgasm as the chief and sole end, you automatically and immediately limit your ability to feel pleasure along the way," says Paget. Try instead to think of sex as being "pleasure directed" -- with each expression of sex being an end in itself. In other words, kissing, holding, oral sex, intercourse, and orgasm do not need to happen every time and in any particular order. One part doesn't have to lead to anything else. By letting go of the "end game," you just may end up going into extra innings!


text:
quote ConkerASkyJockey08oh yeahSlang just won the thread.
quote ConkerASkyJockey08Ass kisser.Slang just won the thread.
quote SlangXHomepaged.NO
quote YoshiStarSame here. Josh talking. Anyone who wants to have an average brawler to fight, just PM me.Thought I'd introduce myself again because it's been so long since my last post here.
quote YoshiStarHi.Say hi to me, or I'll get sad. =D
quote LordOctanI wouldn't say the best game series ever, but yeah, Ike is my favourite now.Hey, everybody! I like Ike! Best Final Smash ever!! Best game series ever! I'm new here, but whatever!!
quote gotenks992Previous Thread
Continue your introduction posts here.
quote SlangXNO


text:
Screen Shot from Draft Advisor Software
We want to make sure each and everyone of
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Security tab). Next to the section title is the following information: "This file came from another
computer and might be blocked to help protect the computer." Next to the
information there is an Unblock button. Click Unblock and then click OK. Do this for
each file in the deployment (the setup.exe, the .application, and all the files in the
folder below FootballDocsDA). Once this is done on each file, the security area goes away and cannot be viewed
again by choosing properties on the file unless it is re-downloaded. You may need to
perform this sequence of events each time you download the updated version of the
Draft Advisor. Once all the files have been unblocked, setup runs normally. Click here for a screen shot to further illustrate.
Prior to installing any newer versions of the Draft Advisor, the older version
must be uninstalled from your computer. It is a very quick, simple
process and involves doing the exact same thing you would for any program
you wish to remove from your computer. For Windows users, click START
>> Control Panel >> Add or Remove Programs. Then find the
"FootballDocs" entry, highlight it with a single mouse click, and select
the "Change / Remove" button. Follow on-screen instructions and viola!
It's gone. You are now ready to install the updated version.
A single mouse click directly on a player's name will access the in-depth
write-up for that player (if available for that player). The write-up
will appear in the lower right-hand corner of the Draft Advisor in the "Player
Profile" Box. Note the write-up will NOT appear if you click on other
values listed in the same row as the player (i.e. "RB", "ATL", etc), so be
sure to click on the player's name to access the Player Profiles.
A simple "double-click" on a player will move them to and from the "Available
Box" and the "Taken Box". A "double click" on a menu title such as
"Value", "Pos" (Position), or "Point" will sort all players in that box by that menu
Right click and you can add players to up to 20 different teams. Players will then be shown on that team's page and in the general "Taken" tab. If you add a player you didn't mean to add, you can easily place them back in the available pool list. To move that player back to the available list, just double click on the player's name and they will be returned to the top of the available players list. You can move a player back from the general taken list or from a team page. It doesn't matter which one you choose.
The Draft Advisor is packed with loads of statistical information for each
player. Note the scroll bars associated next to each box in the Draft
Advisor window. They can be used to access more statistical information.
The color tiers are designed to provide an easy, visual reference to indicate
players of comparable fantasy football value for the scoring system entered.
You can select whether or not you would like to see the color tiers by simply
checking or unchecking the "Color Tier" box at the top of the Draft Advisor
window. Note that the tiers are generated using a special, complicated
mathematical algorithm. This algorithm has proven to be very robust
in a variety of fantasy football scoring systems; however, it is impossible
to test every possible scoring system out there. If you get unusual
results, send us an email and we will review
the results to make sure they are appropriate for your system.
We tried to account for just about any flex position based system out there.
Please read all the FLEX entries carefully when entering the required starts
for your fantasy scoring system under "Customized Scoring". The most
important thing is to be sure to only enter what specifically applies and
do not account for a required starting position twice (i.e., if you have
a single RB/WR flex position, denote it as "1" in the "RB/WR" flex category.
Do not count for it twice by adding "+1" in the RB category, "+1" in the
WR category, AND "+1" in the RB/WR flex category. By doing that, you
have entered a system that requires a RB, WR, and RB/WR flex start!).
Just to make sure things are perfectly clear, here's an example:
Suppose you are in a fantasy scoring system that has the following setup:
QB, RB, WR, RB/WR flex, RB/WR flex, RB/WR flex, TE, K, and D.
You would enter the following in the Custom Scoring of the Draft Advisor:
• Number of Starting QB's per team = 1
• Number of Starting RB's per team = 1
• Number of Starting WR's per team = 1
• Number of Starting TE's per team = 1
• Number of Starting K's per team = 1
• Number of Starting D's per team = 1
• Number of Starting FLEX (WR/TE) per team = 0
• Number of Starting Flex (RB/WR) per team = 3
• (All other entries = 0)
You can save your Draft Advisor rankings by simply clicking the Save button
(disk icon) at the top of the menu bar. Name your rankings anything
you wish. Just click the file folder icon when you want to reopen a
saved file to pick-up where you left off prior to your last save.
To open a saved session, start the Draft Advisor in the "Default Mode". Then click the
open file icon from the main Draft Advisor window. Don't try to use this option from one
update to the next because player values will have changed and your saved session will have
the player values of the previous update that you saved.
We encourage all subscribers to "experiment" with the Draft Advisor using
different scoring formats to see what unique ranking lists it provides.
When iterating with different scoring systems, please note you simply have
to close the program, reopen, and enter new scoring information as prompted.
Also note to close any help windows that may have been open; otherwise, when
attempting to restart the Draft Advisor nothing will happen as it associates
the execute command with an already open help window (Note this help window
can be "hidden" behind other windows on your screen and does not appear as
a menu item in your start menu. Minimize all other windows to find
the open help window and close it prior to restarting the Draft Advisor).
While not as convenient as on-the-fly revisions, it is four mouse clicks
of an inconvenience (close window, double click to open, and then click to
"I agree"). We have been working on trying to make this more convenient
in future releases, but at no risk to the accuracy or functionality of the
computed results of the program.
There are three options to print:
• The quickest and easiest way to print is to
click the "PrintTop200" button on the menu bar at the top of the Draft Advisor
Program window. This will immediately send a print of your unique rankings
list to your printer (make sure it is on). Naturally, the list will be restricted
to your Top 200 rankings in an effort to save paper. Color Tiers will be denoted by
text showing a break in player value.
• Similar to the "PrintTop200" button, there is the
"PrintTop400" button to the right of it. This is intended for those folks that need a longer list
due to playing in larger fantasy leagues.
• The last option is the "PrintToTextFile" button on the
menu bar. This generates a text file of the rankings by clicking the button and choosing the
location and name for the text file (**VERY IMPORTANT**
Note the location where you saved the text file). The text file can
be opened in Excel for printing (if you do not have Excel, the text file
itself can be printed using a Text Editor). Here are
step-by-step printing instructions using Excel:
1. Open Microsoft Excel
2. Click File -> Open -> choose the text file you just created "YourFileNameHere.txt"
3. Select "Delimited" and click "Finish"
4. Click File --> Print
DRAFT ADVISOR "DO'S" and "DON'TS":
• Do be patient when waiting for the Draft Advisor
to compile your unique rankings. It can take up to 30 seconds to complete.
• Do take the time to read the in-depth write-ups.
They provide key pieces of information to help in critical moments of your
• Don't overwrite or erase the "newDAinput.dat"
file. Without this file, the Draft Advisor cannot run.
• Don't run more than one version of the Draft
Advisor at the same time.
• Do experiment with the Draft Advisor.
It provides a powerful means to expose players and positions of value in
a variety of systems.
First off, any time we are asked to participate in either an expert
or highly competitive league with a scoring system we aren't quite familiar
with, we immediately go to the Draft Advisor as our first mode of operation.
The Draft Advisor does a great job of exposing players of value in a load
of different scoring formats. It gives immediate feedback for what
positions are valuable, what positions can slide, and what type of players
you need to target for a particular scoring system. It is a great starting
point and ultimate ending point on your draft day.
The above is no small contribution. Make no mistake, there is no replacement
for experience in a particular scoring system. However, the problem
with experience is that it takes YEARS to develop and refine. After all, there
is only one NFL (Fantasy Football) season each year, so you only get the
opportunity to learn the "do's" and "dont's" for a particular league scoring
system once per year. Learning takes iterations to nail down.
Need three iterations? It will take three years. The Draft Advisor
will bring you up to speed quickly and help you field a competitive team
in an unfamiliar scoring format immediately out of the gates. It will
also point to positions of value, which you can target for free agent pick-ups
during the year as well as for trades. Suddenly, you have reduced the
time it takes to develop expertise in each unique fantasy football scoring
Let us give a "for instance". For instance, say you dominate each year
in a standard performance scoring system (1 pt. / 10 yards rush & receive,
1 pt / 20 yards pass, 4 pts per Pass TD, 6 pts per rush & receive TD,
etc). Try playing in a league that has the same system but adds a full
point per each reception (PPR). After trying to apply your "proven"
draft strategy, you learn real quick it doesn't quite hold in that format.
In fact, you learn WRs behave much like RBs in that format, and the value
of pass catching RBs. It can get much worse.... say you are in a new
PPR league that also makes you start 2 QBs... ouch... you now also learn
the QB value lesson for those particular leagues real quick, but it will
take you a year or two (in standard performance formats QBs are one of the
ideal positions to let slide in your draft while grabbing other high demand
positions such as RB and WR -- refer to our Quarterback Free Fall article in our
Fantasy Football Article Archive. Suddenly most rankings online and available in fantasy
magazines are frankly pretty worthless. They are based on a standard
performance system and cannot account for your system. They can lead
you to make poor, misinformed decisions for your particular scoring format.
The point is, if you had the Draft Advisor (which you do), it would red flag
those positions for you. In the aforementioned example, the Draft Advisor
will generate a ranking list that is much more heavy in WRs and QBs than
traditional overall rankings lists. The Draft Advisor is trying to
show you what positions you need to pay attention to in your draft relative
to your particular scoring system. If you put in a more extreme scoring
system and the DA lists 25 QBs for the first 25 picks (i.e. say 3 QB required
for the start and equal fantasy points awarded for passing, rushing, and
receiving.... i.e. 1 pt per 10 yards pass/rush/receive), clearly don't take
QBs with your first 10 picks, but the Draft Advisor is telling you that QBs
had better be in your draft plans early or you could suffer the consequences.
You can back-fill with other positions later after nailing a top flight QB.
This is where the "a little discretion can go a long way" comment on the
download page is worth its weight in gold. Folks familiar with the
Draft Advisor know this and use it all the time to their advantage.
The Draft Advisor will show you a custom rankings list and also show relative
value between players of different positions (as well as color bands now).
Again, it is great for showing you a draft strategy for your scoring system.
It immediately targets a draft plan for you, while giving you a load of flexibility
to show you the most valuable players at each position relative to other
positions. This helps you draft based on team need. If the Draft
Advisor shows the top 25 positions are completely dominated by QBs... grab
a QB in round one (assuming only 1 required for start) and then grab the
next best available position for round 2 (RB, WR, whatever is listed).
Given the extreme weight of QBs in the above, aforementioned format in the
previous paragraph, you may consider grabbing another top flight QB in either
round 3 or 4 to make sure you are covered. Again, the Draft Advisor
is just trying to tell you that you can ill-afford to let the QB position
slide in that particular system. In other systems, it may be RB, WR,
or even TE. (We can assure you, there are ALL kinds of systems out
there)! In other systems where QB, RB, and WR are more equal in value,
the DA will show you the best value pick based on what is still available.
If the Draft Advisor generates a ranking list that appears very odd, just
drop us a note and let us give it a look
for you as a double check.. After all, it is impossible to cover every
possible system out there, and we have no direct control over what rankings
list is generated by the Draft Advisor. Remarkably, in our experience,
the Draft Advisor typically does a very good job on the first cut in almost
any system, but again, drop us a note if unsure. We are happy to help.
Thanks for taking the time to read and enjoy the Draft Advisor!
Return to Draft Advisor Free Trial Download Page


text:
Sightlines: A Conversation with the Natural World, by Kathleen Jamie (The Experiment)
"Kathleen Jamie's Sightlines, which is one of the most elegant and awake essay collections we've seen all year. From a meditation beneath the aurora borealis to a tour of the landscape of the human cell, Jamie's ability to see and discover linked meanings and resonances in the natural world is unmatched."—The Editors
Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge and the Teachings of Plants, by Robin Wall Kimmerer (Milkweed Editions)
Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth?, by Alan Weisman (Little, Brown, and Company)
The Urban Bestiary: Encountering the Everyday Wild, by Lyanda Lynn Haupt (Little, Brown, and Company)
Maddaddam, by Margaret Atwood (Nan A. Talese)
"Classic Margaret Atwood. At once imaginative and insightful, MaddAddam offers adventure and humor as well as a picture of what resilience might look like in a ruined world."—The Editors
All the Land to Hold Us, by Rick Bass (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)
Archipelago, by Monique Roffey (Penguin Books)
The Last Animal, by Abby Geni (Counterpoint)
Selection Committee
The Orion staff.
Apocalyptic Planet: Field Guide to the Everending Earth, by Craig Childs (Pantheon)
"Apocalyptic Planet puts an entirely new spin on our usual preoccupations with climate change and catastrophe in general. This is a work deeply worthy of the Orion Book Award." —The Editors
Flight Behavior: A Novel, by Barbara Kingsolver (Harper)
Things That Are: Essays, by Amy Leach (Milkweed Editions)
The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot, by Robert Macfarlane (Viking)
The Mountain and the Fathers: Growing Up on the Big Dry, by Joe Wilkins (Counterpoint)
Selection Committee
Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (poet and author, most recently, of The Unreal and the Real: Selected Stories), Jessa Crispin (editor of Bookslut.com), Erik Reece (author, most recently, of The Embattled Wilderness), Hannah Fries (Orion associate editor), Luis Alberto Urrea (author, most recently, of Into the Beautiful North).
The View from Lazy Point, by Carl Safina (Picador)
The View from Lazy Point is a record, of sorts, of a year spent in intense participation with what Safina comes to call the real "real" world—the one that darts, breathes, and wheels above and around us, while we're busy finding a parking spot. An excellent naturalist and tireless observer, Safina tells of worlds within worlds—the migratory history of a warbler on a backyard branch; a beach, lit by the moon, crawling with horseshoe crabs—all within a six-something-mile radius of home.
Fire Season, by Phillip Connors (Ecco)
Oil on Water, by Helon Habila (W. W. Norton & Co.)
Swamplandia!, by Karen Russell (Alfred A. Knopf)
Raising Elijah, by Sandra Steingraber (Da Capo Press)
Selection Committee
Steve Curwood (executive producer and host of Living on Earth), Elizabeth Kolbert (author and staff writer at The New Yorker), Rob Spillman (editor of Tin House), Cheryl Strayed (author, most recently, of Wild), and H. Emerson Blake (editor-in-chief of Orion).
Insectopedia, by Hugh Raffles (Vintage)
Ginger Strand, Orion Book Award committee chair, wrote, "Looking at insects, Raffles is led to consider beauty, evolution, language, race, sexuality, environmental destruction, death, and, of course, life, in all its mind-blowing complexity. The encyclopedic form is both a tribute to the organizational impulse of natural history and a beautiful example of how the natural world transcends human categories. Skittering back and forth across the animal-human divide, this book is a study of insects that is really a study of us."
Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology, by David Abram (Pantheon Books)
About a Mountain, by John D'Agata (W. W. Norton)
The Tiger: A True Story of Vengeance and Survival, by John Vaillant (Alfred A. Knopf)
Deep Blue Home: An Intimate Ecology of Our Wild Ocean, by Julia Whitty (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)
Selection Committee
Robin Kimmerer (Distinguished Professor at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry), Verlyn Klinkenborg (member of the editorial board of The New York Times), Richard Nash (independent publishing entrepreneur, presently launching Red Lemonade), Jennifer Sahn (Editor, Orion), and Ginger Strand (committee chair and the author of Inventing Niagara: Beauty, Power, and Lies, and Flight, a novel).
Some of the Dead Are Still Breathing: Living in the Future, by Charles Bowden (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt).
"Bowden's writing is not only stunning," said Ted Genoways, editor of The Virginia Quarterly Review and member of the 2010 Orion Book Award selection committee, "but the risks that he is willing to take are sometimes breathtaking. It's journalism of a really compelling kind."
The Wayfinders: Why Ancient Wisdom Matters in the Modern World, by Wade Davis (House of Anansi Press)
Rewilding the West: Restoration in a Prairie Landscape, by Richard Manning (University of California Press)
Reasons for and Advantages of Breathing: Stories, by Lydia Peelle (Harper Perennial)
The Barbaric Heart: Faith, Money, and the Crisis of Nature, Curtis White (PoliPointPress)
Selection Committee
Don Snow (author, currently working on book of personal essays titled The Cabin of No Fishing), Anthony Doerr (author of four books, most recently Memory Wall), Ted Genoways (editor of Virginia Quarterly Review), Karen Russell (author of St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves), and Harlan Clifford (at that time, executive editor of Orion).
Trespass: Living at the Edge of the Promised Land, by Amy Irvine (North Point Press).
"Amy Irvine composes a staggering litany of trespasses great and small in Utah's red rock country," says selection committee chairperson Donna Seaman of Trespass. "As she braids together threads of Mormon history, family stories, and tales about her work for the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance in her elegiac memoir of dissent, Irvine unveils the interconnectivity of life; the fact that everything matters: every cow and every coyote, every blade of invasive cheat grass, every human being, every dam, every hole drilled into the desert, every betrayal. For Irvine–passionate, imaginative, furious and visionary–language is a ladder out of the silencing cave of despair."
The Wild Places, by Robert Macfarlane (Penguin Books)
The Bridge at the Edge of the World, by James Gustave Speth (Yale)
Inventing Niagara, by Ginger Strand (Simon & Schuster)
Finding Beauty in a Broken World, by Terry Tempest Williams (Pantheon Books)
Selection Committee
Roger D. Hodge (editor, Harper's Magazine); Scott Russell Sanders (Staying Put, Writing from the Center); Donna Seaman (Booklist, Chicago Public Radio); Susan Straight (Highwire Moon, A Million Nightingales); and Orion Editor-in-Chief H. Emerson Blake.
The Zookeeper's Wife: A War Story, by Diane Ackerman (W. W. Norton)
"The Zookeeper's Wife is a groundbreaking work of nonfiction," said selection committee member Mark Kurlansky, "in which the human relationship to nature is explored in an absolutely original way through looking at the Holocaust." Kathleen Dean Moore, the committee's chairperson, said: "A few years ago, 'nature' writers were asking themselves: How can a book be at the same time a work of art, an act of conscientious objection to the destruction of the world, and an affirmation of hope and human decency? The Zookeeper's Wife answers this question."
Strange as This Weather Has Been: A Novel, by Ann Pancake (Counterpoint)
The Wild Trees: A Story of Passion and Daring, by Richard Preston (Random House)
Sky Time in Gray's River: Living for Keeps in a Forgotten Place, by Robert Michael Pyle (Houghton Mifflin)
The World Without Us, by Alan Weisman (St. Martin's Press/Thomas Dunne Books)
Selection committee
Linda Hogan (Dwellings; Solar Storms); Mark Kurlansky (Cod; Salt); Kathleen Dean Moore (The Pine Island Paradox; Holdfast); David Rothenberg (Always the Mountains; Why Birds Sing); and Jennifer Sahn (editor of Orion)
Wild: An Elemental Journey, by Jay Griffiths (Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin)
"In this stunningly rich work of literary nonfiction, Jay Griffiths traces her efforts to rediscover in the mind, in culture, and in the natural world the generative possibilities of the wild. The structure of Wild is brisk and innovative, the language often baroque and playful to the point of startling excess — in form as well as content, this is a celebration, exploration, and demonstration of wildness, broadly conceived. Brilliant, irrepressible, randy, and learned, this risk-taking book guides readers on a wild ride of the imagination. The world feels different — richer and stranger — after one reads these words." – Scott Slovic, 2007 Selection Committee Chair
The Lives of Rocks: Stories, by Rick Bass (Houghton Mifflin)
Inferno, by Charles Bowden, photographs by Michael P. Berman (University of Texas Press)
Returning to Earth, by Jim Harrison (Grove Press)
The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan (The Penguin Press).
Selection committee
Alison Hawthorne Deming (Science and Other Poems); David G. Campbell (The Crystal Desert); Pam Houston (Sighthound); Scott Slovic (founding president of the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment); and H. Emerson Blake (editor-in-chief of Orion).
The Orion Book Award is made possible through the generous support of Orion donors, the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, and Organic Valley.