text:
Comprehensive Description
Atractosteus spatula is found in the Ohio River in southwestern Ohio and the Mississippi river south to the Gulf of Mexico. They are found in drainages throughout the southeastern coastal United States (Alligator Gar, 2005). They are found in parts of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas (Knopf, 2002; Shultz, 2004). Their range is from 44° to 20° north latitude and 101° to 82° west longitude (Agbayani, 2005).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
- 2005. "Alligator Gar" (On-line). Accessed October 20, 2005 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_gar.
- Agbayani, E. 2005. "Atractosteus spatula" (On-line). Accessed October 20, 2005 at http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1073.
- Knopf, A. 2002. National Audubon Society: Field Guide to Fishes. New York: Chanticleer Press, Inc..
- Schultz, K. 2004. Ken Shultz's Field Guide to Freshwater Fish. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
Global Range: (200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)) Historical range included the Mississippi River basin from southwestern Ohio (Trautman 1981), southern Indiana, and southern Illinois (Smith 1979) to the Gulf of Mexico; also the Gulf Coastal Plain from the Florida panhandle (Gilbert 1992) to Veracruz, Mexico, with disjunct occurrences in Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica (Wiley 1976, Lee et al. 1980). Now the species is extirpated or very rare in most of the northern part of the range north of the Gulf Coastal Plain. A single 1.5-m-long individual has been reported from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California; this introduction was attributed to release by an aquarium hobbyist (Raquel 1992). No other non-native occurrences in the United States are known (Fuller et al. 1999).
Physical Description
Alligator gar are grayish green to brown color on their dorsal surface and yellowish or white colored ventrally (Page and Burr, 1991). They may also have brownish spots on their dorsal surface. They are alligator-like in appearance, with their long, slender body, jaws armed with many teeth, and their habit of floating at the water surface (Goddard 2005). Their eyes are small. They have a heterocercal tail. Their swim bladder can function as a lung. The snout is short and broad with two rows of teeth on the upper jaw (Etnier 1993, Knopf, 2002). They are protected by a thick set of ganoid scales (Knopf 2002). This species is the largest of the gars and one of the largest freshwater fishes in North America, growing to nearly 3 meters long and up to 137 kg. Lateral line scales number 58 to 62 (Etnier, 1993).
Range mass: 137 (high) kg.
Range length: 3 (high) m.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
- Goddard, N. 2005. "Alligator Gar" (On-line). Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed December 03, 2005 at http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/AlligatorGar/AlligatorGar.html.
- Page, L., B. Burr. 1991. Peterson Field Guides: Freshwater Fishes. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Length: 305 cm
Max. size
Diagnostic Description
Alligator gar are found in large lakes, rivers, and bayous. Typically they are found in backwaters and bottomland swamps. They are found in both freshwater and brackish waters, they rarely enter marine waters (Etnier, 1993; Knopf, 2002).
Range depth: 0-1 (low) m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; brackish water
Other Habitat Features: estuarine
- Etnier, D., W. Starnes. 1993. The Fishes of Tennessee. Knoxville, TN: University OF Tennessee Press.
Habitat Type: Freshwater
Comments: Habitat includes sluggish pools of large rivers and their bayous, oxbow lakes, swamps, and backwaters, rarely brackish or marine waters along the coast (Page and Burr 2011). Spawning occurs over vegetation in warm shallow water (e.g., see Garcia de Leon et al. 2001). Spawning may occur in an impoundment (Lake Texoma) in Oklahoma (Boschung and Mayden 2004, Miller and Robison 2004). Young may float at the surface among twigs and leaves (Boschung and Mayden 2004).
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Trophic Strategy
Alligator gars are opportunistic carnivores and sit-and-wait predators. They appear to be sluggish, but can ambush prey with short bursts of speed (Goddard, 2005). They feed on almost anything, including fish, ducks, turtles, small mammals, and carrion (Schultz, 2004).
Animal Foods: birds; mammals; amphibians; reptiles; fish; carrion ; aquatic crustaceans
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Piscivore )
Comments: Eats mostly fishes and crabs and occasionally other small vertebrates (e.g., see Seidensticker 1987, Garcia de Leon et al. 2001).
Alligator gars are generalist predators and eat anything they can find. They are especially important as top predators in aquatic systems (Goddard, 2005).
Alligator gars have few predators. They may be eaten by larger fish as eggs, fry, and juveniles . Because of their large size, their only natural predators as adults are American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Humans also prey on adult alligator gars.
Known Predators:
- American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
- humans (Homo sapiens)
Population Biology
Number of Occurrences
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: 21 - 80
Comments: The number of extant, distinct occurrences is unknown but probably is at least a few dozen. Lee et al. (1980) mapped approximately 90 locality records in the United States, but existing evidence indicates that most of those in the northern part of the range are not represented by extant populations (see trend comments). Robison and Buchanan (1988) mapped 17 sites in Arkansas for the period 1960-1987. Mettee et al. (1996) and Boschung and Mayden (2004) mapped 12 sites in Alabama. Pflieger (1997) mapped five locations in Missouri, but none were more recent than 1965. Smith (1979) discussed records from a few locations in Illinois, but populations evidently no longer exist in those areas. Etnier and Starnes (1993) mapped four sites in Tennessee but noted that recent confirmed records are lacking. Ross (2001) mapped 14 sites in Mississippi, but only 3 were relatively recent. Gilbert (1992) mapped 10 locations in Florida, but the number of extant populations was not indicated.
Global Abundance
10,000 to >1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Total population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 10,000. This gar is uncommon to rare throughout most of the range, except locally in swamps and bayous of the south-central United States (Page and Burr 2011). However, Hoese and Moore (1998) stated that this gar is common in brackish water, frequently seen in the Gulf of Mexico, and common as a market fish in Louisiana. It is numerous enough to support a fishery in a reservoir in Tamaulipas, Mexico (Garcia de Leon et al. 2001).
Life History and Behavior
Not much information is known about communication in alligator gars. Their lateral line system is used to detect motion in the water. They are also likely to use chemical cues and vision to some extent.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Life Cycle
Young alligator gars develop from eggs and then float to the water's surface, resembling sticks (Shultz, 2004). They have a disc on the bottom of their snouth that allows them to attach to rocks and other objects until their yolk is absorbed (Goddard, 2005). Shortly afterwards, the young begin searching for food.
Life Expectancy
Females generally live longer than males and are larger, they may live from 26 to 50 years in the wild (Etnier and Starnes, 1993).
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 50 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 26 years.
Mating behaviors in this species are not known.
Female alligator gars lay eggs that are dark green or red and stick to rocks and vegetation. The eggs are poisonous if eaten. Alligator gar may take many years to reach sexual maturity, although little is known about reproduction in this species.
Breeding interval: Alligator gar probably breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs from May to July.
Range number of offspring: 138,000 (high) .
Average number of offspring: 77,000.
Range gestation period: 6 to 8 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 11 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 6 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); oviparous
Alligator gars are oviparous. Once the eggs are laid, the young are left to survive on their own (Shultz, 2004).
Parental Investment: no parental involvement; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female)
- Goddard, N. 2005. "Alligator Gar" (On-line). Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed December 03, 2005 at http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/AlligatorGar/AlligatorGar.html.
- Schultz, K. 2004. Ken Shultz's Field Guide to Freshwater Fish. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Spawning occurs April to June in Louisiana (Suttkus 1963), possibly January to September in Oklahoma-Texas (Echelle and Riggs 1972). Seasonal variation in ovarian weight indicated peak spawning in July-August in northeastern Mexico (Garcia de Leon et al. 2001). In Alabama, females mature at age 11 and live to age 50; males mature at age 6 and live to age 26 (Irwin, cited by Boschung and Mayden 2004).
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Atractosteus spatula
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Atractosteus spatula
Public Records: 8
Specimens with Barcodes: 11
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
Alligator gar are not currently listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern. There are some concerns about overfishing and indications that populations have declined in areas where their preferred habitat, bottomland swamps, has been destroyed through channelization and and the building of levees.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N3 - Vulnerable
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G3 - Vulnerable
Reasons: Large range mainly in rivers and river-mouth estuaries in the central and southeastern United States and eastern Mexico; uncommon to rare in most of range, abundant enough to support fisheries in some areas; extirpated or disappearing in northern part of range, declining in the south; decline may be related to channelization, impoundments, frequent barge traffic, and commercial fishing.
Other Considerations: Of the 13 states in the U.S. range, ranked SX or SH in three, S1 or S2 in six, S3 in three, and S4 in one (Texas). The S4 rank in Texas may not reflect a recent evaluation of status. Two states with ranks of S3 (Tennessee and Florida) actually have very few recent occurrence records. Scarcity of this species in museum collections is in part related to the large size of most specimens that are captured (Gilbert 1992).
Global Short Term Trend: Decline of 10-50%
Comments: Trend over the past three generations is unknown but likely exceeds 10 percent and may exceed 30 percent. One generation is here estimated at 20 years.
Global Long Term Trend: Decline of 30-70%
Comments: Area of occupancy and abundance have declined over the long term, particularly in the northern part of the range. The degree of decline is uncertain but likely exceeds 30 percent. This gar was historically rare in Illinois (Smith 1979), with no confirmed recent records. It was known historically from the Ohio River in Ohio (Trautman 1981), with no confirmed recent records. In Missouri, Pflieger (1997) described evidence that numerous specimens had been collected in the Missouri section of the Mississippi River, but he knew of no records of this species in Missouri more recent than 1965. A drastic decline evidently has occurred in Tennessee, where the species may be extirpated (Etnier and Starnes 1993). Commercial fishermen report occasional captures, but the identity of these fishes is questionable (Etnier and Starnes 1993). In Oklahoma, "generally there has been a consistent decline in numbers" (Miller and Robison 2004). Robison and Buchanan (1988) reported that the population in Arkansas has declined drastically during the last 40 years and that recent confirmed records are few (typically large ones, perhaps indicating a decline in reproduction or recruitment). Formerly there was a significant commercial and sport fishery, but now the species is rarely captured. Historically of statewide distribution in Louisiana (Douglas 1974) but now declining in abundance (Bobby Reed, pers. comm., 1999). Long-term trend in Mississippi is unknown (Ross 2001); all but 3 of the 14 locations mapped in Mississippi by Ross were pre-1983. In Alabama, the species has declined in abundance (Boschung and Mayden 2004); and Mettee et al. (1996) noted that the species has become rare in inland sites in recent years. Small individuals (18-30 inches TL) were found (date not specified, but presumably recently) in brackish water in the Mobile Delta, indicating the occurrence of at least some recruitment. In Florida, the species is widely distributed in the panhandle, but the trend is unknown (Gilbert 1992). Populations may be declining in some Gulf Coastal areas where this gar remained common until recent years (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Degree of Threat: B : Moderately threatened throughout its range, communities provide natural resources that when exploited alter the composition and structure of the community over the long-term, but are apparently recoverable
Comments: Local declines have been attributed to overfishing, habitat degradation from river channelization and impoundments, loss of spawning habitat and loss of passages between main river channels and floodplains, and frequent barge traffic (Gilbert 1992, Herkert 1992, Etnier and Starnes 1993, Pflieger 1997, Irwin et al. 2001, Boschung and Mayden 2004, Miller and Robison 2004).
Global Protection: None. No occurrences appropriately protected and managed
Comments: Given the typical habitat of this fish, it is doubtful whether any occurrences are effectively protected.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Because these fish are predators, they consume gamefish, (Shultz, 2004). In turn, they cause a problem for humans in terms of sport fishing and consumption. There are several undocumented reports of injuries to humans. Their eggs are poinsonous if consumed (Goddard, 2005).
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, poisonous )
Alligator gars have been fished commercially (Knopf, 2002). In Lousiana, they are fished for food, acting as a substitute for lobster (Etnier and Starnes, 1993). Like many other fish, they are also collected for aquaria.
Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food
Economic Uses
Comments: Supports a gillnet fishery in a reservoir in Tamualipas, Mexico (Garcia de Leon et al. 2001).
Alligator gar
Alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula, are ray-finned euryhaline fishes related to bowfin in the infraclass Holostei (ho'-las-te-i). The fossil record traces the existence of alligator gars back to the Early Cretaceous over a hundred million years ago. They are the largest in the gar family, and among the largest freshwater fishes in North America. Gars are often referred to as "primitive fishes", or "living fossils" because they have retained some morphological characters of their earliest ancestors, such as a spiral valve intestine which is also common to the digestive system of sharks, and they can breathe both air and water. Their common name was derived from their resemblance to American alligators, particularly their broad snout and long sharp teeth. Anecdotal scientific reports suggest that alligator gars can grow up to 10 ft (3.0 m) in length and weigh as much as 300 lb (140 kg); however in 2011 the largest alligator gar ever caught and officially recorded was 8 ft 5 1⁄4 in (2.572 m) long, weighed 327 lb (148 kg), and was 47 in (120 cm) around the girth. Their bodies are torpedo shaped, usually brown or olive fading to a lighter gray or yellow ventral surface. They do not have scales like other fishes, rather they are armored for protection against predation with hard, enamel-like, jagged diamond-shaped ganoid scales that are nearly impenetrable. Unlike other gar species, mature alligator gars have a dual row of large sharp teeth in the upper jaw which they use for impaling and holding prey. They are stalking, ambush predators that are primarily piscivores, but will also ambush and eat water fowl and small mammals that may be floating on the surface.
Alligator gars have been extirpated from much of their historic range through habitat destruction, indiscriminate culling, and unrestricted harvests. Populations are now located primarily in the southern portions of the United States extending into Mexico. They are considered euryhaline because they can adapt to varying salinities ranging from freshwater lakes and swamps to brackish marshes, estuaries, and bays along the Gulf of Mexico.
For nearly a half-century, alligator gars were considered "trash fish",[1] or a "nuisance species" that were detrimental to sport fisheries, and therefore targeted for elimination by state and federal authorities in the United States, but the last ten years has seen a greater emphasis placed on the importance of alligator gars to the ecosystems they inhabit. As a result, they were afforded protection by restricted licensing. They are also protected under the Lacey Act which makes it illegal to transport fish in interstate commerce when in violation of state law or regulation. Several state and federal resource agencies are monitoring populations in the wild, and have initiated outreach programs to educate the public. Alligator gars are being cultured in ponds, pools, raceways and tanks by federal hatcheries for mitigation stocking, by universities for research purposes, and in Mexico for consumption.[2]
Anatomy and physiology[edit]
Alligator gars are the largest species of gar, and among the largest freshwater fishes found in North America. Mature alligator gars commonly measure 6 ft (1.8 m) in length, and weigh over 100 lbs. (45 kg). However, anecdotal reports suggest they can grow up to 10 ft (3m) in length, and weigh as much as 350 lbs. (159 kg).[3] The largest alligator gar officially recorded was inadvertently caught in the net of fisherman Kenny Williams of Vicksburg, Mississippi while he was fishing the oxbow lakes of the Mississippi River on February 14, 2011. Williams was pulling up his net on Lake Chotard expecting to find buffalo fish, but instead discovered a large alligator gar tangled in his net. The gar was 8 ft 5 1⁄4 in (2.572 m) long, weighed 327 lb (148 kg), and its girth was 47 in (120 cm). According to wildlife officials, the fish was estimated to be somewhere between 50 and 70 years old. Williams donated it to the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science in Jackson where it will remain on display.[4][5]
All gars have torpedo-shaped bodies, but some distinguishing characteristics of adult alligator gars include their large size, heavy bodies, broad heads, short broad snouts, large sharp teeth and double row of teeth on their upper jaw. They are usually brown or olive fading to a lighter gray or yellow ventral surface. The dorsal and anal fins are positioned toward the back of their bodies, and their caudal fin is abbreviate-heterocercal, or non-symmetrical.[3]
Alligator gars have gills, but unlike other fishes they also have a highly vascularized swim bladder lung that supplements gill respiration. The bladder not only provides buoyancy but also enables them to breathe in air which is why they are able to inhabit bodies of water in which most other fishes would die of suffocation. The swim bladder is connected to their foregut by a small pneumatic duct which allows them to breathe or gulp air when they break the surface,[6] an action that is seen quite frequently on lakes in the southern United States during the hot summer months. The scales of alligator gars are not like the scales of other fishes; their bodies are protected by overlapping, enamel-like ganoid scales that are diamond-shaped with jagged edges and composed of a hard inner layer of bone and an outer layer of ganoin that is nearly impenetrable.[7]
Taxonomy and evolution[edit]
Lacépède first described the alligator gar in 1803. The original name was Lepisosteus spatula, but was later changed by E.O. Wiley in 1976 to Atractosteus spatula in order to recognize two distinct extant taxon of gars. Synonyms of Atractosteus spatula include Lesisosteus [sic] ferox (Rafinesque 1820), and Lepisosteus spatula (Lacepede 1803). Fossils from the order Lepisosteiformes have been collected in Europe from the Cretaceous to Oligocene periods, in Africa and India from the Cretaceous, and in North America from the Cretaceous to recent times. Lepisosteidae is the only extant family of gar which has seven species all located in North and Central America.[3] The fossil record traces the existence of alligator gars back to the Early Cretaceous over a hundred million years ago.[8][9] Despite being a highly evolved species, alligator gars are often referred to as "primitive fishes", or "living fossils"[10][11] because they have retained a few morphological characteristics of their earliest ancestors with seemingly little to no apparent changes, such as a spiral valve intestine which is also common to the digestive system of sharks, an abbreviate-heterocercal tail, and a swim bladder lung for breathing in both air and water.[3][7][12]
Feeding behavior[edit]
Alligator gars are relatively passive, seemingly sluggish solitary fish, but voracious ambush predators. They are opportunistic night predators and are primarily piscivores, but they will also ambush and eat water fowl and small mammals that may be floating on the surface. Their method of ambush is to float a few feet below the surface, and wait for unsuspecting prey to swim within reach. They lunge forward, and with a sweeping motion grab their prey, impaling it on their double rows of sharp teeth.[7]
Diet studies have shown alligator gars to be opportunistic piscivores, and even scavengers depending on the availability of their preferred food source. They occasionally ingest sport fishes, but the majority of stomach content studies suggest they feed predominately on forage fishes such as gizzard shad as well as invertebrates, and water fowl. Diet studies have also revealed fishing tackle and boat engine parts in their stomachs.[13][14]
As with most ancestral species, alligator gars are long living, and sexually late maturing. Most females do not reach sexual maturity until after their first decade of life while males reach sexual maturity in half that time. The conditions must be precise for a successful spawning to occur. Preparation for spawning begins in the spring with the extended photoperiod and rising water temperatures, but flooding is also necessary to trigger the event. When rivers rise and spread over the floodplain, they create oxbow lakes and sloughs, and inundate terrestrial vegetation which in turn provides protection and a nutrient rich habitat for larval fishes, and fry. Once the water temperature has reached 68 to 82 °F (20 to 28 °C), and all the other criteria are met, gars will move into the grassy, weed-laden shallows to spawn.[15][16]
Actual spawning occurs when a collection of males gather around gravid females, and begin writhing, twisting, bumping into and slithering over the tops of females, an activity which triggers the release of eggs. Males release clouds of milt to fertilize the eggs as they are released into the water column.[15] The sticky eggs then attach to submerged vegetation, and development begins. It takes only a few days for the eggs to hatch into larval fish, and another ten days or so for the larval fish to detach from the vegetation and start moving about as young fry.[16] Egg production is variable, and believed to be dependent on the size of the female. A common formula used for predicting the volume of eggs a female can produce is 4.1 eggs/gram of body weight which gives an average of about 150,000 eggs per spawn. The eggs of alligator gars are bright red and poisonous to humans if ingested.[7]
Natural range[edit]
Alligator gars use a wide variety of aquatic habitats, but most are found in the Southern United States in reservoirs and lakes, in the backwaters of lowland rivers, and in the brackish waters of estuaries, bayous and bays. They have occasionally been seen in the Gulf of Mexico.[7] In Texas and Louisiana it is common to see large gars breaking the surface in reservoirs, bayous, and brackish marshes. They are found throughout the lower Mississippi River Valley and Gulf Coast states of the Southern United States and Mexico as far south as Veracruz, encompassing the following states in the United States: Texas, Oklahoma, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Florida, and Georgia.[17] Reports suggest alligator gars were once numerous throughout much of their northern range, however valid sightings today are rare, and may occur once every few years.[3] Records of historical distribution indicate alligator gars once inhabited regions as far north as central Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, Iowa, and west-central Illinois where they are now listed as extirpated. The most northerly verified catch was in Meredosia, Illinois in 1922.[18]
Outside natural range[edit]
A few notable sightings of alligator gars have been reported outside North America. In November 2008, an alligator gar measuring 5.2 to 6.4 ft (1.6 to 2.0 m) was caught in the north of Esenguly, Turkmenistan by two officials of Turkmenistan Fishery Protection.[19]
On September 4, 2009 a 3 ft 3 in (0.99 m) alligator gar was found in Tak Wah Park in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong. Over the next two days, at least 16 other alligator gars, the largest measuring 4.9 ft (1.5 m), were found in ponds in public parks in Hong Kong.[20] Nearby residents reported the alligator gars had been released into the ponds by aquarium hobbyists, and had lived there for several years. However, after a complaint made by a citizen who falsely identified alligator gars as crocodiles, the use of terms like "horrible man-eating fish" had begun appearing in the headlines of some major local newspapers. Officials with Leisure and Cultural Services in Tak Wah Park removed all the alligator gars from the ponds because they were concerned the large, carnivorous fish might harm children.[21] It is not unusual for the large sharp teeth and outward appearance of alligator gars to precipitate unreasonable fear in those unfamiliar with the species. Sensationalized reports have contributed to the misconception of predatory attacks by alligator gars on humans even though none of the reports have been confirmed.[22]
On January 21, 2011, an alligator gar measuring 4 feet 11 inches (1.50 m) was caught in a canal in Pasir Ris, Singapore by two recreational fishermen. The fish was taken to a nearby pond where the owner confirmed it was an alligator gar rather than an arapaima as the men had initially thought.[23]
Human utilization[edit]
Early history[edit]
Native Americans in the south, and Caribbean peoples used the alligator gar's ganoid scales for arrow heads, breastplates, and as shielding to cover plows. Early settlers tanned the skins to make a strong, durable leather to cover their wooden plows, make purses, and various other items. Gar oil was also used by the people of Arkansas as a repellent for buffalo-gnats.[13]
For nearly half a century, alligator gars were considered "trash fish",[1] or a "nuisance species" by state and federal authorities who targeted them for elimination to protect game fish populations,[24] and to prevent alleged attacks on humans, a claim that remains unsubstantiated with the exception of occasional injuries sustained from captured alligator gars thrashing around on the decks of boats.[7] Fishermen participated in the slaughter of thousands of alligator gars believing they were providing a great service. In 1995, KUHT channel 8, a member PBS television station located on the campus of the University of Houston in Texas, distributed and broadcast the first video documentary ever produced on alligator gar. The documentary, "Alligator Gar:Predator or Prey?", debuted nationally in prime time during the July Sweeps, and according to the Nielsen rating report provided to KUHT, was the number one rated program of the evening.[7] The documentary focused on the physiology and life cycle of alligator gars, addressed the destruction of habitat, the unregulated culling and over harvesting of alligator gars from various lakes in Texas and Louisiana, and expressed concerns for the future of the species at a time when it was still considered a "trash fish".[7] A decade passed before any significant action was taken to protect and preserve the remaining populations of alligator gar in the United States. The Missouri Department of Conservation has since partnered with Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana in restoration and management activities.[13]
Sport fish[edit]
The long time public perception of alligator gars as "trash fish", or a "nuisance species" has changed with increasing national and international attention on the species as a sport fish which some have attributed to features on popular television shows. Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana allow regulated sport fishing of alligator gars. Texas has one of the best remaining fisheries for alligator gars, and in concert with its efforts to maintain a viable fishery, imposed a one-per-day bag limit on them in 2009.[25] The Texas state record, and world record for the largest alligator gar caught on rod and reel is 279 lb (127 kg), taken by Bill Valverde on January 1, 1951 on the Rio Grande in Texas.[26] Alligator gars are also quite popular among bowfishers because of their large size, trophy potential, and fighting ability. The Texas state bowfishing record was set In 2001 by Marty McClellan with a 290 pounds (130 kg) alligator gar from the Trinity River. The all-tackle record was a 302 pounds (137 kg) alligator gar caught on a trotline in 1953 by T.C. Pierce, Jr. In 1991, fishing guide, Kirk Kirkland, anecdotally reported catching an alligator gar measuring 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m) on rod and line from the Trinity River.[27]
Commercialization and aquaculture[edit]
Declining populations of alligator gars throughout their historic range has resulted in the need to monitor wild populations and regulate commercial harvests. Alligator gars have a high yield of white meat fillets and a small percentage of waste relative to body weight. The meat is sold to wholesale distributors, and also sold retail by a few supermarkets with prices starting at around $3.00/lb. Fried gar balls, grilled fillets, and fillets boiled in water with crab boil seasoning are popular dishes in the south. There is also a small cottage industry that makes jewelry out of ganoid scales, and tans gar hides to produce leather for making lamp shades, purses, and a host of novelty items.[7][13]
Atractosteus gars, including alligator gars, tropical gars, and Cuban gars are considered good candidates for aquaculture particularly in developing regions where their rapid growth, disease resistance, easy adaptation to artificial feeds as juveniles, and ability to tolerate low water quality are essential. Their ability to breathe in both air and water eliminates the need for costly aeration systems and other technology commonly used in aquaculture. In the Southern United States, as well as in parts of Mexico and Cuba, broodstocks have already been established, and are being maintained in their respective regions where they already are a popular food fish.[28]
Despite the large size alligator gars can attain, they are kept as aquarium fish, though many fish labeled as "alligator gar" in the aquarium trade are actually smaller species. Alligator gars require a very large aquarium or pond, and ample resources in order for them to thrive in captivity. They are also a popular fish for public aquaria, and zoos. It is illegal in many areas to keep alligator gars as pets, but they will occasionally show up in fish stores. Alligator gars are highly prized and sought after for private aquaria, particularly in Japan. According to some reports, large alligator gars could fetch as much as US$40,000 in what some consider the "Japanese black market".[29] In June 2011, three men from Florida and Louisiana were indicted on charges of illegally removing wild alligator gars from the Trinity River in Texas, and attempting to ship them to Japan for private collectors. The indictments resulted from an undercover sting operation by special agents with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.[30] The charges included violations of three separate provisions of the Lacey Act, specifically conspiracy to submit a false label for fish transported in interstate commerce; conspiracy to transport fish in interstate commerce in violation of state law or regulation; and conspiracy to transport and sell fish in interstate commerce in violation of state law or regulation.[31] Two of the conspirators entered guilty pleas to one count, and the government dropped the other two charges against them. A third conspirator went to trial on all three counts, was acquitted on one count, and found guilty on two. The district court sentenced him to serve nine months in prison followed by one year of supervised release.[32] The case was appealed, and on April 15, 2014, the appellate court affirmed the judgment of the district court.[33]
- ^ a b Tony Brady (August 2013). "Fleur De Lis Fisheries". US Fish & Wildlife Service. p. 2.
- ^ S.E. Lochmann, Brandon W. Baker, Kyle T. Rachels, and Brett A. Timmons. "New Research". Aquaculture and Fisheries Center. University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Nathaniel Goddard. "Alligator Gar". FLMNH Ichthyology Department. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
- ^ "Vicksburg Man Catches 327 Lb. Alligator Gar". WAPT News. February 18, 2011.
- ^ Chad Love (February 23, 2011). "World Record Alligator Gar Pulled From Mississippi Lake Tangled in Fisherman's Net". Field & Stream. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
- ^ "Biology of Fishes-Fish/Biol 311". Swimbladder. University of Washington. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i B. Wills. "Alligator Gar". Earthwave Society. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
- ^ Daniel E. Schwartz, Peter J. Allen (December 2013). "Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative physiology". Mississippi State University Dept. of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture.
- ^ American Society of Naturalists. The American Naturalist 35. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
- ^ Melvin L. Warren, Jr., Brooks M. Burr. Freshwater Fishes of North America. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 250, Vol 1.
- ^ Mayor, Adrienne (2005). Fossil Legends of the First Americans. Princeton University Press. p. 38. ISBN 9781400849314.
- ^ Graham, Jeffrey B. (1997). Air-Breathing Fishes: Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation. Academic Press. pp. 1–10. ISBN 0-12-294860-2.
- ^ a b c d "Missouri Alligator Gar Management and Restoration Plan". Missouri Department of Conservation Fisheries Division. January 22, 2013. Retrieved July 2014.
- ^ David L. Buckmeier (July 31, 2008). "Life History and Status of Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula), with Recommendations for Management". Heart of Hills Fisheries Science Center. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. p. 5. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
- ^ a b BBest Biological Subcommittee (November 2, 2009). "BBest Recommendations Report". Sabine/Neches BBest Biological Overlay Approach. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. p. 8. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
- ^ a b Shannon Thompkins (April 19, 2014). "Once a nuisance, alligator gar increasingly protected". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ "Alligator Gar Technical Committee". Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^ Poly, William J. (2001). "Distribution of the Alligator Gar, Atractosteus spatula (Lacépède, 1803), in Illinois". Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 94 (3): 185–190.
- ^ "Hazar Deňziniň Türkmen Kenarynda Amerikan Sowutly Çortanyň Tutulmagynyň Ilkinji Wakasy" (in Turkish). Türkmenistanyò Tebigaty goramak ministrligi. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^ "Monster exotic fish found in Hong Kong ponds". AFP. September 5, 2009.
- ^ Amy Nip (January 10, 2010). "Feared in public ponds, admired behind glass". South China Morning Post.
- ^ Spitzer, Mark. "When Gars Attack". Southest Missouri State University. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ^ "Friends catch 1.5m 'monster' fish from Pasir Ris canal after long struggle". The Straits Times. January 21, 2011.
- ^ Echevarria, Carlos (February 5, 2013). "Alligator Gar, Atractosteus spatula". Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery. US Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
- ^ "Alligator Gar". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- ^ "State Freshwater Records: Rod and Reel". Texas Parks & Wildlife. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^ "Big Fish Stories Can Have Happier Endings". Texas Parks & Wildlife. May 16, 2011.
- ^ Alfaro, Roberto M., Gonzales, Carlos A., Ferrara, Allyse (2008). "Gar biology and culture: status and prospects". Chapter 39. Aquaculture Research. pp. 748–763. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
- ^ Horswell, Cindy (June 17, 2011). "Indictments accuse 3 of taking alligator gar fish out of Trinity". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ Jon Berstein (October 15, 2011). "Monster fish tale: Alligator gar sting ends in conviction". SunSentinel.
- ^ "Accused alligator gar smugglers busted in trinity river operation". ABC 9 KTRE. 2011.
- ^ "Monthly Bulletin". Regional EnvironmentalEnforcement Association. October 2012. Retrieved April 2014.
- ^ "Opinions". U.S. Court of Appeals. April 15, 2014.
- "Lepisosteus spatula". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). "Lepisosteus spatula" in FishBase. October 2005 version.
- Lacepède, B. G. E. (1803). Histoire Naturelle des Poissons.
- Rafinesque, C. S. (1820). "Ichthyologia Ohiensis (Part 8)". The Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: 165–173.
- Wiley, E. O. (1976). "The phylogeny and biogeography of fossil and Recent gars (Actinopterygii: Lepisosteidae)". Museum of Natural History University of Kansas Miscellaneous Publication 64: 1–111.
- "Atractosteus, a genus-name authored by C.S. Rafinesque". University of Evansville. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- "Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)". Texas Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- Spitzer, Mark (2010). Season of the Gar: Adventures in Pursuit of America's Most Misunderstood Fish. University of Arkansas Press.
- Spitzer, Mark (2015). Return of the Gar University of North Texas Press ISBN 9781574415995
Names and Taxonomy
Comments: Formerly included in the genus Lepisosteus. Placed by Wiley (1976) in genus Atractosteus, along with L. tristoechus, L. tropicus, and a number of fossil species. Nelson (1984) regarded Atractosteus as a subgenus of Lepisosteus. The 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991) also included this species in the genus Lepisosteus. Page and Burr (1991), Etnier and Starnes (1993), and Nelson (1994) followed Wiley's use of the generic name Atractosteus.
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If there's nothing to worry about, then why no reassurances from Yahoo proper after a day of netwide panic and jumping ship of delicious users?
AD: If you are an entrepreneur or aspiring to be one, you should check out Entrepreneurship Daily. This is an amazing new email newsletter service that provides a daily curated list of business growth ideas, marketing tips and case studies from your fellow entrepreneurs. Signing up is easy and you can unsubscribe at any time with just one click.
Del.icio.us Shutdown May Not Happen
Del.icio.us aka Delicious.com is without doubt one of the most loved, if not most used, bookmarking service. The website has been around for more than half a decade as a Yahoo service. Although Delicious has not exactly helped Yahoo make money, it is nevertheless a nifty service that still has a huge captive crowd who can be monetizable in other ways.
It has hence come as a huge disappointment that Yahoo may be planning on shutting down Delicious.com. This is courtesy an internal webcast that apparently got leaked to the web by an employee. The screencast has classified several Yahoo properties under categories titled 'Sunset', 'Merge' and 'Make Feature'. Delicious – along with other websites like MyBloglog and Yahoo Buzz find themselves clubbed in the 'Sunset' category. It is now being speculated that Yahoo may have decided to pull the plug on Delicious – soon.
But if the words of at least one Yahoo employee are anything to go by, that may not be the case. Jeremy Hubert, a prototyper for the Yahoo! Search UED Team has noted in a tweet,
Yahoo's own PR statement had rather clearly implied otherwise.
"We continuously evaluate and prioritize our portfolio of products and services, and do plan to shut down some products in the coming months such as Yahoo! Buzz, our Traffic APIs, and others. We will communicate specific plans when appropriate."
So for now, let's just hope Jeremy is right and sunset does not mean shutdown.
4 Comments
I see your point but if you're right I simply don't understand why they haven't done anything to mitigate the PR meltdown.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Simple Definition of prefigure
: to show or suggest (something that will happen or exist at a future time)
Examples of prefigure in a sentence
His style of painting prefigured the development of modern art.
<the first crocus traditionally prefigures the arrival of spring>
Origin and Etymology of prefigure
Middle English, from Late Latin praefigurare, from Latin prae- pre- + figurare to shape, picture, from figura figure
First Known Use: 15th century
Learn More about prefigure
Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for prefigure Spanish Central: Translation of prefigure Nglish: Translation of prefigure for Spanish speakers
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Varsity Male Athlete of the Week: Mitchell Keith, North East soccer
Mitchell Keith, North East
Mitchell Keith remembered how he was "volunteered" to play goalkeeper for North East's boys soccer program.
"(Junior varsity coach Phil) Sarver asked us where we wanted to play," he said. "My teammates answered for me. I was a freshman then, so I just stuck with it."
Keith is now glad he did, as are the rest of the Grapepickers. He was in net last week for the team's shutout victories over two Region 3 opponents.
On Oct. 15, North East notched a 1-0 victory over region leader Mercyhurst Prep at Veterans Stadium. That was followed by a 3-0 home win over Eisenhower two days later.
Those shutouts, Keith's 11th and 12th this season, left the 'Pickers 13-3-0 overall and 8-2-0 in the region.
It's no surprise that Keith credited North East's defenders for his hefty shutout total. However, he also heaped all kinds of praise upon Sarver, an assistant to varsity coach Sam Coffman, for his evolution as a goalie.
"I've never learned so much on a subject in my entire life," Keith said.
Keith's next chance at a shutout is today, when the 'Pickers host Slippery Rock in a 3:30 p.m. non-region match. After that, North East awaits its fate as far as a berth in the district's four-team Class A tournament.
"In these last few games, we've taken our play up to a whole new caliber," Keith said.


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Nice video. Not a fan of the 90s though
New Videos
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December 10, 2012 BY John Kim / 12
What started in 1990 has spawned a magnificent lineage of 'Infrared' – the widely-celebrated original colorway of Tinker Hatfield's Nike Air Max 90. In this amazing 'retrospective' that spotlights the evolution of this amazing classic, from the variations of the build, to the first time the colorway was officially dubbed 'Infrared'. With this historic colorway + shoe combo being brought out in 2012 in 'Hyperfuse' form, it certainly brings to light the long journey traveled by this iconic shoe, so check out the video put together by afew below and stay tuned for a year-end release of the Air Max 90 Infrared VNTG.
Filed under: Air Max 90 Nike Air Max
Tags: Nike Air Max 90
Nice video. Not a fan of the 90s though
Dope vid!
more like the evolution of FAIL!!
@EyeMrSway Clueless
@EyeMrSway *Kanye Voice* Hold up, hold up, hold up. Now I'm gonna let you finish but the air max 90 infrared was one of greatest sneakers
@EyeMrSway huh..... you must follow commercial material
@thebeaner @EyeMrSway i too was wondering what the hell are you talking about this is one of the greatest sneakers of all time ALL TIME-kanye voice
@DesmondDiggaDezDavis @84 @JulianScott @thebeaner @EyeMrSway the 2010 has cheap looking materials, thats what i meant the other retroed og's had closer looking materials. If you don't believe that i own em, check this site i'm even selling them so i can get the 2012 vintage versions http://m.marktplaats.nl/a/kleding-heren/schoenen/m625403374-nike-air-max-90-infrared-2010-deadstock.html?c=9b26ed2a557deff636f4f8b9c5b7a618
@84 @JulianScott @thebeaner @EyeMrSway how would a fresh pair look cheap oppose to a shoe thats NEW thats designed to look old why spend more money on a vintage look when u can get the fresh pair for the same and let them vintage on your own. and im not talking about quality as every body seems to complain about when i said 2010 was dead on i ment the colors and sizes the air unit was the same not bigger infrared color was true as it was going to get and the 1990 pair is the orginal... so u pick those and the over priced ripped jeans treatment verison overr the og and the clean 2010 remake? and how can u say its the most off looking of the "other ogs" theres only 1 og the way u talkin making it seem like u dont got any of the shoes and just fronting
@DesmondDiggaDezDavis @JulianScott @thebeaner @EyeMrSway The 2010 dead on with the og 1990's? Don't think so, when i saw them the first time in 2010 at the nike store i thought they looked fake.
It was the first time they switched the plastic eyelets with cheap ass rubber ones. The mesh is all off is much finer, the originals were much more rougher. The nubuck was much cheaper and had a different color tone.
The 2010's are the most off looking compared to the others og's.
I should know since i own em all, they forgot to put the engineered mesh versions in the video that will be coming out next year.
The air max 90 infrared is my favorite sneaker of all time.
And i like the 1990's versions the most, after that give me the vintage 2012's, love the yellowed sole. It has a nostalgic value to them, if you get them all brand new it looks like a cheap replica.
The 2003 versions are also very good since they had a bigger air unit.
@DesmondDiggaDezDavis @JulianScott @thebeaner @EyeMrSway I feel the same as you I still love the idea, but I'll stick with my 2010's
@JulianScott @thebeaner @EyeMrSway is anyone a fan of the vintage look? i like the concept but i rather my shoe age on its own u know like the 2010 is dead on with the og pair and i feel like the vintage look is kinda cheating?
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The Clatsop County Department of Assessment and Taxation determines the value of all property according to state law. The department sends billing statements and collects all property taxes and penalities in the county and distributes the tax money to the appropriate taxing districts.
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Blog: Super Bowl XLVI—The Intersection of Football and Education
From iPads to performance evaluation, the NFL and modern education have a lot in common.
Credit: Photo by AJ Guel Photography/Flickr
Credit: Photo by AJ Guel Photography/Flickr
Latest NewsAre Virtual Security Operations Centers in Your Future? TECMILENIO University Installs Tech Turnstiles for Access Control Why the Closing of For-Profit Education Institutions Is Dangerous to AV Industry Check Out the Networking Behind the Largest Video Display in College Football
Latest ResourceAccessing the Power of Mobile Device Management
Software to help schools manage and control mobile devices on campus.
In case you haven't heard enough Super Bowl chatter this week, here's another thought: The annual ritual of the greatest spectacle in American sport gives us a chance to examine the ways in which professional football and modern American education are intertwined with one another.
For starters, there is the process of improvement through analysis and critique: NFL teams are more self-critical than aspiring actresses. Each play of each game is broken down for review, discussion and for use as an instructional tool – what was done wrong, what was done right, and what needs to be adjusted for the future. That analysis doesn't even wait until the week after game days – it happens during games, too, as players pore over aerial photos of plays that happened just seconds ago. Schools and teachers also analyze their performance to varying degrees, though assessing teacher performance is highly contentious especially as it pertains to their contracts. But as Tim Daly, president of the New York Teacher Project and brother of NFL assistant coach Brendan Daly pointed out in an article in Time during last year's Super Bowl run-up, it is hard to support a complete lack of evaluation.
"In the best situations, where you have practitioners who are truly outstanding, they do many of the same things. They are very good at assessing what is working and what is not working," Daly told Time. "The best administrators and teachers understand this. In the worst situations in education, there is very little feedback and very little support. You can go years without anyone telling you you're not doing well."
It is no secret that the iPad is changing the face of education. Schools across the country are cobbling together precious dollars to put iPads – and other tablets and personal laptops – into students' hands. And now that Apple has launched an e-textbook platform designed for the iPad and President Obama has decreed that all students should have a tablet by 2017, the growth of tablets will only increase. NFL coaches and school administrators apparently think alike: In the NFL, more and more teams are using the iPad as a playbook and a tool for analysis and preparation. The question is apparently the same among educators, whether they are instructors of K-12 and higher ed academics or professional X's and O's: Why saddle your students with heavy books full of static, paper pages when you can give them a light, lithe tablet computer that harnesses dynamic teaching tools and can be updated far more easily?
Of course the Super Bowl itself can have an impact on day-to-day life of lots of local institutions, and this year is no exception as students at IUPUI have been rankled by the cancellation of classes and the use of a quarter of their school's parking spaces for Super Bowl activities – parking spaces for which students have paid for permits to use at their convenience. And what else is college for if not for the opportunity to engage in activism and demonstration? And what better chance to gain attention for a cause than to tie it to the Super Bowl? Students at Indiana Wesleyan University held a prayer meeting in response to what they expected to be an influx of sex trafficking surrounding the big game, and, not surprisingly, the Super Bowl creates a symbiotic environment for a variety of political protests.
As for the game itself, Sunday's showdown will be a history lesson in progress about the dynastic legacies of both teams and the personal legends of Tom Brady and Eli Manning.
And for one fanbase, it will also be a chance to commemorate their team's golden era from 20 years hence – while we try to forget about the painful years in between then and now.
Latest ResourceAccessing the Power of Mobile Device Management
Software to help schools manage and control mobile devices on campus.


text:
Definitions for iwoˈi woʊ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word iwo
Princeton's WordNet
Iwo, Iwo Jima, invasion of Iwo(noun)
a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)
Iwo is a city in Osun State, Nigeria that is the seat of the Iwo Kingdom, a traditional state. The Iwo people, like all other people of Yoruba stock are said to have belonged to Ile-Ife from where they migrated sometimes in the 14th century. The earliest settlement initiated by Adekola Telu a prince from Ife. Adekola Telu was the son of the 16th Ooni of Ife a female called Luwo Gbagida. The town formerly part of Oyo state was later separated and became one of the major townships in Osun State, Nigeria. It has an area of 245 km² and a population of 191,348 most populous Local Government in Osun State by the 2006 Nigeria National census figures. The other local governments in Iwo Kingdom, from satellite towns are Aiyedire Local Government, 265.783 km² area and 76,309 by population, as well as Ola-Oluwa Local Government, 332.117 km² area and 76,227 by population. The Headquarters of the Local Governments are Iwo, Iwo; Aiyedire, Ile Ogbo; and Ola-Oluwa, Bode-Osi. The postal code of the area is 232.
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of iwo in Chaldean Numerology is: 5
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of iwo in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2
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text:
What's new: patio homes, historic home contest
Previous versions of this column included an incorrect spelling of Terry Cavanaugh's first name.
Spring has finally sprung, and it delivered some great news for all of us. This week, we have a grand opening at Countryside and a grand contest at the Erie Times-News.
Countryside opens Phase 2
At the corner of Johnson Road and Old French Road, Countryside -- a neighborhood of patio homes -- has been steadily growing since 2010. In Phase 1, 40 units were built and most are sold. Phase 2 has its grand opening this weekend, and it offers a lot of options, said Natalie Maleno Washburn of Maleno Real Estate and Development.
"We had requests to alter some of our three-bedroom floor plans to two-bedroom units that offered larger bedrooms and more closet space," she said.
Washburn said the Maleno family took cues from buyers on new construction ideas. Four new floor plans complement the current list of 1,400 to 1,800 square-foot homes. Walkout lower levels have been popular, but not every lot lends itself to that kind of construction. All of the walkout units are sold in Phase 1, but more are available in Phase 2.
One of the big design changes in homes in Phase 2 is the location of the staircase that descends to the lower level. In current homes, the staircase is a classy design element in the main living space, but if buyers prefer a less obvious staircase, it can be accessed with a doorway off the back hall.
Washburn said cul de sacs will also rule the newer phase's street design.
Inside newer homes, cherry cabinets are standard along with granite countertops, crown molding, on-demand hot water and energy efficiency packages.
The 13-week construction cycle means buyers can have a new home in a little more than three months.
Countryside followed the incredibly successful development of Maleno's patio homes -- the Meadows, which spans the north side of Johnson Road in Summit Township. All of the units are sold.
At Countryside, most floor plans include tray ceilings, upscale kitchens with granite countertops and open living areas that blend dining and living space together. Most buyers choose to add a sunroom.
The master suite and sunrooms offer access to roomy outdoor Azek decks. The grand opening of Phase 2 is set for Sunday from 1 to 3 p.m. Visitors can tour a completely furnished patio home at 7212 Flower Drive. It also houses the complete design center where buyers can choose everything from lighting to plumbing fixtures. Homes are priced from $187,000 to $220,000. For more information on homes, lots and pricing, call Natalie Maleno Washburn at 833-6516.
Enter our Historic Homes Contest
Have a century-old house?
Have a midcentury home?
Have you restored a residence to its former glory?
If you've unearthed some history, put the shine on crown molding or plumbed a home where indoor plumbing was a new concept, share it with us. To celebrate the Times Publishing Company's 125th anniversary and all of the history of Perry 200, we invite readers to join in Expedition Erie Historic Homes Contest contest that rewards the efforts homeowners have made to restore historic homes.
Tell us your story with six pictures and 300 words (plus photo descriptions), and you could win a weekend at a historic Arbor Inn Bed & Breakfast in North East, along with wine samplings at regional wineries. Arbor Inn has plenty of its own history. It includes two buildings at 51 and 55 E. Main St. They are among the oldest brick buildings in North East.
Entries will be separated into categories and judged by history buffs from Preservation Erie: Melinda Meyer, Jeff Kidder, Nanci Lorei and Terry Cavanaugh.
Homes will be judged on overall presence; original architecture or era-appropriate restoration; and modernization. Homes must have been built before 1963. There is no purchase necessary. Deadline for entries is May 31.
Only single-family homes that are actively lived in qualify for this contest. Houses that have been made into businesses, nonprofits, museums or other nonresidential structures are ineligible. However, buildings originally constructed as homes, and at some point used for nonresidential purposes, before being restored to a home are eligible for the contest.
The judges will select 10 finalists, which will be announced online and in House to Home on June 15. The public will be invited to vote on its favorite homes, and the results of the poll will weigh into the judges' decision on the three finalists. Judges will then select a grand-prize winner and the runners-up.
Contestants must be at least 18 years old and reside in or own an eligible residence in Erie County.
The grand-prize winner will be featured in the Erie Times-News and on GoErie.com in August. For details and rules, go to GoErie.com/historichomes.
PAM PARKER is the editor of Lake Erie LifeStyle magazine and Her Times magazine. You can reach her at email@example.com. Read her blog at GoErieblogs.com/lifestyle/hertimes.


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The Final Update
Hello Kickstarters,
We are very excited to announce that this will be our final update on the BLE-Shield for Arduino Kickstarter Project.
The boards are manufactured and shipped today. While... Read more
BLE-Shield pick and place in progress
Hello Kickstarters,
The second batch of the BLE-Shield production is making good progress.
Please see the images to get an insight into the assembly process.
Michael and Jon
The long awaited BLE112-A modules arrived. Production will continue now!
Hello Kickstarters,
The manufacturer warehouse finally received the long awaited, missing BLE112-A Modules.
The second batch of the BLE-Shields is now going to be produced by February 5th and shipped... Read more
BLE-Shield iPhone App Sources are now available
Hi Kickstarters,
Since I promised an iPhone Sample Project/Application to access the BLE-Shield, I finished the app today and pushed it to the BLE-Shield github repository: https://github.com/michaelkroll/BLE-Shield where the eagle... Read more
Update from the Factory
Hi Kickstarters,
After we received some pictures from the QC process of the BLE-Shield, we just wanted to share those with you.
As already mentioned in update #6 the first... Read more
84 Built and Shipped
Hi Kickstarters,
We have been silent for awhile and we apologize. The simple truth of the matter however is that we have had nothing to report.
The manufacturer has had... Read more
Almost all parts sourced. Waiting for the BLE112.
Hello Kickstarters,
After some backers asked about the progress of the BLE-Shield, it's time to give you an update about the manufacturing progress. The engineering sample of the BLE-Shield has... Read more
BLE Shields are in manufacturing!
Hello Kickstarters,
Sorry for the delay on the next update, but wanted to make sure that we have something to update you on.
As expected, it took awhile to get... Read more
Thank you!
Hey Kickstarters,
We are surprised and grateful at the wonderful response for the BLE-Shield. We will now begin the manufacturing.
Surveys should be out in the next couple of weeks... Read more
BLE-Shield v1.0.0 Final Design
Hi Kickstarters,
As mentioned in the first update we wanted to show the final, hand soldered engineering sample of the v1.0.0 BLE-Shield after we received the PCBs.
Now the PCBs... Read more
Thank you!
Hey Kickstarters,
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BAR NINETEEN @ THE PLANTATION HOUSE, 2000 Plantation Club Drive, Kapalua, 669-6299
Friday: Hawaiian entertainment, 7:30 to 9:30 p.m.
Article Photos
Marty Dread (pictured) and Eric Gilliom will be featured at the?Shaka Movement appreciation party, 8:30 p.m. Wednesday at Charley's Restaurant & Saloon in Paia.
The Maui News file photo
Eric Gilliom
The Maui News file photo
CHEESEBURGER IN PARADISE, 811 Front St., Lahaina, 661-4855
Thursday (tonight): Brooks Maguire. Friday: Harry Troupe. Saturday: Scott Freeman. Sunday: Brooks Maguire. Monday: Sonshine Rivers. Tuesday: Scott Freeman. Wednesday: Harry Troupe. Music from 4:30 to 10:30 p.m.
CLIFF DIVE GRILL, 2605 Kaanapali Parkway, Kaanapali, 661-0031
Thursday (tonight): Tim Osborne. Friday: Scott Baird. Saturday: Larry Golis or Hollis Lee. Sunday: Tim Osborne. Monday: Larry Golis. Tuesday and Wednesday: Scott Baird. Music from 7 to 8:45 p.m. Nightly cliff dive ceremony and hula at 6:45.
DUKE'S BEACH HOUSE, 130 Kai Malina Parkway, Kaanapali, 662-2900
Thursday (today): Ben, 3 p.m.; Danyell and Roy, 6 p.m. Friday: Garrett, 3 p.m.; Damon and Tim, 6 p.m. Saturday: Danyell, 3 p.m.; Damon and Ron Oversize Productions, 6 p.m. Sunday: Kealii Lum, 3 p.m.; Damon and Ron Oversize Productions, 6 p.m. Monday: Kealii Lum, 3 p.m.; Eddie Sabala, 6 p.m. Tuesday: Ben, 3 p.m.; Eddie Sabala, 6 p.m. Wednesday: Danyell, 3 p.m.; Puhi Ko, 6 p.m.
FLEETWOOD'S ON FRONT ST., 744 Front St., Lahaina, 669-6425
Thursday (tonight): Steve Craig and The Lonely Heart Shakers. Friday: Ryan Robinson Trio. Saturday: Cole Sulenta. Sunday and Monday: Rick G. Tuesday: Levi Poasa Wednesday: JD on the Rocks. Music from 6:30 to 9:30 p.m.
HULA GRILL KAANAPALI, 2435 Kaanapali Parkway, 667-6636
Thursday (today): Derick Sebastian; Kaniala Masoe and family; Damon Parrillo and friends. Friday: Derick Sebastian; Kaniala Masoe and family; Kawika Lum Ho and friends. Saturday: Kawika Lum Ho; "1810;" Danyel Alana and friends. Sunday: Danyel Alana; "1810;" Kealii Lum and friends. Monday: Kawika Lum Ho; Kapali Keahi; Kealii Lum and friends. Tuesday: Jarret Roback; Kawika Lum Ho; Wili Pohaku. Wednesday: Ernest Pua'a; Peter DeAquino; Ernest Pua'a and friends. Daily sets: 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.; 2:30 to 5:30 p.m.; 6 to 9:15 p.m.
JAPENGO, Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa, 200 Nohea Kai Drive, Kaanapali, 661-1234
Thursday (tonight): Kanoa Kukaua. Friday: Kahala Greig. Saturday: Kawika Lum Ho. Sunday: Missy Aguilar Duo. Monday: Margie Heart. Tuesday: Kanoa Kukaua. Wednesday: Josh Sumibcay. Music from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m.
KIMO'S 845 Front St., Lahaina, 661-4811
Thursday (tonight): "1810," 6:30 p.m. Friday: Nuff Sedd, 9 p.m. Saturday: "1810," 8 p.m. Sunday: JD and Harry, 3 p.m.; Benny Uyetake and Glenn Kakugawa, 6 p.m. Monday: Benny Uyetake and Glenn Kakugawa, 6 p.m. Tuesday and Wednesday: Sam Ahia, 6:30 p.m.
KOBE JAPANESE STEAKHOUSE, 136 Dickenson St., Lahaina, 667-5555
Friday and Saturday: Karaoke and dancing, 9:30 p.m. to close.
LULU'S LAHAINA SURF CLUB & GRILL, 1221 Honoapiilani Highway, Lahaina Cannery Mall, 661-0808
Thursday (tonight): Howard Ahia, 6 p.m. Saturday: DJs Big Mike, Kamikaze and others, 10 p.m. Tuesday: Trivia night with Bryan Batchelder, 8 p.m. Wednesday: Karaoke with Dave, 10 p.m.
MERRIMAN'S KAPALUA, One Bay Club Place, Kapalua, 669-6400
Monday: David Wolf, 6 to 9 p.m. Tuesday: Benoit JazzWorks, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Wednesday through Sunday: Ranga Pae, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.
NAPILI KAI BEACH RESORT, 5900 Lower Honoapiilani Road, Napili, 669-3858
Thursday (tonight): George Kahumoku Jr.'s Slack Key Show: Masters of Hawaiian Music. Featured guest is Ledward Kaapana. Hosts: George Kahumoku Jr., Da Ukulele Boyz, Sterling Seaton and Wainani Kealoha. Wednesday: Featured guest is Danny Carvalho. For tickets, visit www.slackkeyshow.com or call 669-3858. Dinner and show package available. Doors open at 6:45, show begins at 7:30 p.m.
PARADISE GRILL, 2291 Kaanapali Parkway, Kaanapali, 662-3700
Thursday (tonight): Harry Troupe, 6:30 p.m. Friday: Gretchen, 6:30 p.m.; salsa, 10 p.m.; Club Night with DJ Kck, 10 p.m. Saturday: Justin, 6:30 p.m.; Club Night with DJ Money Mike, 10 p.m. Sunday: Deeson, 6:30 p.m.; karaoke with Nique, 10 p.m. Tuesday: Deeson, 6:30 p.m. Wednesday: Justin, 6:30 p.m.; DJ Irie Dole, 10 p.m.
PINEAPPLE GRILL, Bay Golf Course, Kapalua Resort, 669-9600
Thursday (tonight): Fulton Tashombe and friends. Friday: Danyel Alana. Saturday: Alika Nako'oka and friends. Music 6 to 9 p.m.
PIONEER INN, 658 Wharf St., Lahaina, 661-3636
Thursday (tonight): Greg diPiazza with Alana Cini, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Tuesday: Ah-Tim Eleneki, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.
SANSEI SEAFOOD RESTAURANT & SUSHI BAR, 600 Office Road,
Kapalua, 669-6286; 1881 S. Kihei Road, Suite KT-116, Kihei, 879-0004
Thursday (tonight) and Friday: Karaoke, 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. at Kapalua and Kihei. Saturday: Karaoke, 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. at Kihei.
BEACH BUM'S BBQ & GRILL, Maalaea Harbor Shops, 300 Maalaea Road, 243-2286
Thursday (tonight): Kenny Roberts. Friday: Mike Finkiewicz and Tom Cherry. Saturday: Kenny Roberts. Sunday: Mark Burnett. Monday: Kenny Roberts. Tuesday: Randall Rospond. Wednesday: Mark Burnett. Music from 5 to 8 p.m.
DIAMONDS ICE BAR AND GRILLE, 1279 S. Kihei Road, 874-9299
Thursday (tonight): Service industry night with DJ, 9 p.m. Friday: Steve Craig and The Lonely Heart Shakers Band, 8 p.m. Sunday: Gina Martinelli, 5 p.m.; music showcase, 8 p.m.
THE DOG AND DUCK IRISH PUB, 1913 S. Kihei Road, 875-9669
Thursday (tonight): Quiz night, 7 p.m. Friday: DJ Laura, 10 p.m. Saturday: Jordan, 7 p.m. Sunday: Sebrina Barron, 6 p.m. Monday: Iawaia, 10 p.m. Tuesday: Bartenders mix, 10 p.m. Wednesday: Kanoa and Jessica, 10 p.m.
FOUR SEASONS RESORT MAUI LOBBY LOUNGE, 3900 Wailea Alanui Dr., 874-8000
Thursday (tonight): Contemporary music, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Friday: Classic jazz, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Saturday: Contemporary music, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Sunday: Contemporary Hawaiian music, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Monday: Contemporary music, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Tuesday: Classic jazz, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Wednesday: Adult contemporary music, 8 to 10:30 p.m. Hula performance nightly with Hawaiian music, 5:30 to 7:30.
GRAND WAILEA, Botero Bar, 3850 Wailea Alanui Drive, 875-1234
Daily: Live music, 5 to 9:30 p.m.
HAUI'S LIFE'S A BEACH, 1913 S. Kihei Road, 891-8010
Thursday (today): Dominic, 4 p.m.; Jah Residentz, 9 p.m. Friday: Rick Glencross, 4 p.m.; Dat Guyz, 9 p.m. Saturday: Ryan Robinson, 4 p.m.; Rootz N Creation, 9 p.m. Sunday: (service industry night) and Monday: Karaoke, 8 p.m. Tuesday: Rick Glencross, 4 p.m.; Karaoke Kristin, 9 p.m. Wednesday: Rick Glencross, 4 p.m.; open mic, 9 p.m.
KAMAOLE POOLSIDE CAFE, 2259 S. Kihei Road, 874-6284
Thursday (tonight): Kawika Lum Ho. Friday: Gina Martinelli. Saturday: Ron Shadian. Sunday: Kenny Roberts. Monday: Rama Camarillo. Tuesday: Mike and Mark. Music from 6 to 9 p.m.
MOLOKINI BAR & GRILLE, 5400 Makena Alanui, Makena, 874-1111
Daily: Live music, 6 to 10 p.m.
MONKEYPOD KITCHEN, 10 Wailea Gateway Place, Unit B-201, Kihei, 891-2322
Thursday (tonight): Levi Poasa, 4 p.m.; Mike Finkiewicz, 7 p.m. Friday: Stay Easy, 4 p.m.; Alika Nako'oka, 7 p.m. Saturday: Brian Haia, 4 p.m.; Randall Rospond, 7 p.m. Sunday: Levi Poasa, 4 p.m.; Kilohana, 7 p.m. Monday: Tom Conway, 4 p.m.; Josh Kahula, 7 p.m. Tuesday: Tom Conway, 4 p.m.; Kilohana, 7 p.m. Wednesday: Alika Nako'oka, 4 p.m.; Jarret Roback, 7 p.m.
MULLIGANS ON THE BLUE, 100 Kaukahi St., Wailea, 874-1131
Thursday (tonight): Trish Da Dish pub quiz, 9:30 p.m. to midnight; DJ Mike, 9:30 to 11:30 p.m. Friday: History of Women and Jazz, Blues and Soul dinner show, 6:30 to 8:30 p.m.; DJ Mike, 9:30 to 11:30 p.m. Saturday: Dr. Nat and Rio Ritmo, 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. Sunday: Celtic Tigers, 7 to 10 p.m. Monday: Stay Eazy, 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Tuesday: Mulligans magic with Brenton Keith, 6:30 to 8 p.m. Wednesday: DJ Mike, 9:30 p.m. to midnight.
SOUTH SHORE TIKI LOUNGE, 1913-J S. Kihei Road, 874-6444
Thursday (today): Jamie Gallo, 4 p.m.; DJ Blast, 10 p.m. Friday: Randall Rospond, 4 p.m.; DJ Gemini with DJ Ynot, 10 p.m. Saturday: Tom Conway, 4 p.m.; DJ LX, 10 p.m. Sunday: Neto, Danny and friends, 4 p.m.; Kanoa, 10 p.m. Monday: Kanoa, 4 p.m. service industry night with DJ Big Mike, 10 p.m. Tuesday: Sebrina Barron, 4 p.m.; DJ Salvo, 10 p.m. Wednesday: Dan Hiss, 4 p.m.; La80s Night with DJ Decka, 10 p.m.
THREE'S BAR & GRILL, 1945 S. Kihei Road, 879-3133
Thursday (tonight): Salsa night with Barbara and Ernesto, 8 p.m. Friday: Louise Lambert Jazz Trio, 7:30 p.m. Daily local musicians featured at breakfast, lunch and dinner on the lanai.
STEEL HORSE SALOON, 1234 Lower Main St., Wailuku, 243-2206
Thursday (tonight): Pub quiz night, 7 p.m. Friday: Andy Kaina and the Kaina Kountry Band, 8:30 p.m. Saturday: Kekona Ohana, 8:30 p.m. Sunday: Karaoke, 8 p.m.
WHOLE FOODS MARKET, 70 E. Kaahumanu Ave., Kahului, 872-3310
Friday: Aloha Friday Music Series with Sheldon and Kevin Brown, 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
CHARLEY'S RESTAURANT & SALOON, 142 Hana Highway, Paia, 579-8085
Thursday (tonight): Justin Favell and Ryan Robinson, 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Friday: '90s night with DJ Blast, 10 p.m., $5 before 11 p.m., $10 after. Saturday: Flat Jackson, 9:30 p.m., $5. Monday: Charley's Live Band Open Mic and Jam, 7 to 10 p.m. Tuesday: Howard Ahia and friends, 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Wednesday: Shaka Movement appreciation party with Marty Dread and Eric Gilliom, 8:30 p.m.
KULA LODGE BAR, 15200 Haleakala Highway, Kula, 878-1535
Friday and Saturday: II Pono (Elua Pono), 6 to 8 p.m.; continues Sunday: 11:30 a.m. to 3 p.m.
STOPWATCH SPORTS BAR AND GRILL, 1127 Makawao Ave., Makawao, 572-1380
Thursday (tonight) and Saturday: Karaoke with Dudley, 8:30 p.m. to midnight. Friday: Head High, 8 p.m. to midnight, $4. Wednesday: Open mic night with Wes Furumoto, 8 to 10 p.m.


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Senior events, stories wanted
December 17, 2014 The Sun-Gazette is seeking senior center events, photos and stories about interesting senior citizens in the community to feature in the monthly Senior Sun publicatio. more »»
Senior menus
December 17, 2014 (EDITORS NOTE: For the nearest senior center in Lycoming and Clinton counties, call 570-323-3096. In Bradford, Tioga and Sullivan counties, call 570-723-0782. more »»
Upcoming senior center activities
December 17, 2014 (EDITOR'S NOTE: Most senior centers have daily events. Senior Sun highlights events that may be of greater interest and importance to local seniors. more »»
Survey: Some older adults in need of dental care
December 17, 2014 CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — A survey of senior centers in New Hampshire shows that nearly 19 percent of older adults are in need of early or urgent dental care that may be difficult for them to access. more »»
Hats, hats and more hats at Albright LIFE
December 17, 2014 Hats come in every size, color and are accessories for both men and women. more »»
Pa.'s Empowered Expert Residents graduates new class
December 17, 2014 Fourteen residents of four long term care homes in Clinton and Lycoming Counties completed five weeks of two hour sessions on Dec. more »»
Seniors wave checkered flag for 2nd car race
September 17, 2014 The checkered flag waved to multiple rounds of enthusiastic cheers recently at AlbrightLIFE, 901 Memorial Avenue. more »»
Senior volleyball league encourages camaraderie and competition
September 17, 2014 MARENGO, Ill. (AP) — Richard Desmond learned how to play volleyball in the jungle. It was 1968, and Desmond was serving in the Vietnam Wa. more »»
Getting help with medicare costs when money is tight
September 17, 2014 Medicare provides vital health insurance for 50 million seniors and people with disabilities. But even when you have Medicare, health care is not free. more »»
Senior menus
September 17, 2014 (EDITORS NOTE: For the nearest senior center in Lycoming and Clinton counties, call 570-323-3096. In Bradford, Tioga and Sullivan counties, call 570-723-0782. more »»
Upcoming senior center activities
September 17, 2014 (EDITOR'S NOTE: Most senior centers have daily events. Senior Sun highlights events that may be of greater interest and importance to local seniors. more »»
Valley View to host annual bazaar
September 17, 2014 Valley View Nursing Center will host its annual bazaar from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Sept. 20 in the central courtyard of the nursing center, 2140 Warrensville Road, Montoursville. more »»
Program to help senior crash victims little known
September 17, 2014 READING (AP) — First responders in Pennsylvania say a program launched two years ago to help senior citizens during traffic accidents has failed to gain traction. more »»
More retirees embrace nomadic lifestyle overseas
September 17, 2014 An increasing number of older Americans is downsizing — selling their house and purging their belongings — and hitting the road, traveling and sightseeing abroa. more »»
Time to start talking: Making parents part of the aging process now
September 17, 2014 Discussing aging issues, such as living arrangements, finances, dating, end-of-life decisions and driving, early and often can save families years of heartache, tension and even legal battles. more »»
Second Wind Dreams at The Williamsport Home
September 17, 2014 The Second Wind Dream program encourages making the dreams of senior citizens come true. The Williamsport Home has been participating in the program for two years. more »»
Plan for the future — Don't put saving for retirement on the back burner
September 17, 2014 (StatePoint) — Most Americans understand the importance of saving for retirement but unfortunately, not everyone's concerns translate to actio. more »»
'Never too late': Author pursues life dream
August 20, 2014 Most people think of their later years their time to finally relax, reflect on memories and spend time with family — certainly not a time to start a new caree. more »»
Sadie Says ... Answers to frequently asked questions about safe driving
August 20, 2014 Q: "My friend told me you cannot turn right on red at a traffic signal that has a green turn arrow. more »»
Your options for Medicare supplemental coverage
August 20, 2014 Medicare health coverage is fairly comprehensive. But if you need a lot of care, Medicare can leave you with significant out-of-pocket costs. more »»


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Saturday, August 2, 2014
Monica Kreber/Journal Scene
DD2 board secretary Tanya Robinson (right) was recognized July 28 by Public Information Officer Pat Raynor (left) and Superintendent Joe Pye for achieving level four in training over the past year. Robinson earned a pin and certificate from the S.C. School Board Association Boardsmanship Recognition. We congratulated her and are very proud that she gives up her time to be informed on issues not only in our community but on a state level, Raynor said.
Your local Summerville grocery store
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GreatNonprofits is the best way to find great local nonprofits.
Volunteers and donors use GreatNonprofits to search for ratings and reviews of nonprofits in their town.
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Eckankar is a spiritual path for the individual. The one-star review gives incorrect information, as plenty of materials and programs... more »
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|Joshua Tree
|.35 oz / 10 g
|SPF Rating
|Application Type
|Main Ingredients
|Beeswax; Sunflower, Jojoba Oil, & Coconut Oils; Cocoa Butter; Fresh Extracts of Myrrh & Benzoin Gum, Calendula, Chaparral, Echinacea, Comfrey; Tea Tree, Lavender, and Mint Essential Oils; Iron Oxide; Mica Spheres, Mica
|Shipping Estimate
|Estimated Shipping: Same Day Shipping! Mon. - Fri. if ordered by 12 pm MST
Reviews For The Joshua Tree Sun Stick SPF 50
Q & A For The Joshua Tree Sun Stick SPF 50
Warranty & Returns
Money Back Guarantee
If you are not 100% satisfied with what you have purchased from CampSaver within 60 days of purchase, you can take advantage of our 60 Day No-Hassle Money Back Guarantee. What does that mean to you? We'll exchange your product for free or give you a full refund. You'll never be left regretting your purchase with CampSaver. We've got you covered.
Extended Return Policy
On top of our fantastic policies described above, CampSaver has a very liberal New/Unopened Return Policy. New, unused, and unopened products (excludes items from The Shed) may be returned to us at anytime, no questions asked. Any new/unopened item returned after 60 days will be issued store credit. We do not accept returns on used/opened products after 60 days. We do not accept returns on used weight bearing climbing gear, mounted skis or molded ski boots ever.
Fit Guarantee
All New Men's and Women's apparel and footwear (excludes items in the Shed) comes with what we like to call a Fit Guarantee. If the apparel/footwear you purchased does not fit comfortably and you'd like to exchange it for another size, we will cover not only the cost of the return shipping, but also shipping the replacement size. The Fit Guarantee only applies to shipping within the continental United States. At CampSaver you can buy with confidence that you will like what you buy, risk-free. Please allow 2 weeks for replacement item shipping.
All of the products we carry have a warranty which covers product defects. If you have any questions about the warranty on a given product, give us a call at 1-877-883-6276.


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DC42 has a self-adjusting cleaner head that seals in suction on carpets and hard floors. There's no need to turn awkward dials or press buttons.
The cleaner heads on most upright vacuums need to be manually adjusted for different floor types. If this isn't done, a gap is created between the cleaner head and the floor, and suction is lost.The latest Dyson upright vacuums have an active base plate that self-adjusts across every floor type. It maintains close contact with the floor at all times, automatically raising and lowering. Suction isn't wasted – it's sealed in.
Dyson cyclones are more efficient than others – more dust and dirt is flung out of the airflow and into the bin.
By arranging the inner cyclones in a radial formation, airflow can be channeled directly through the centre of the cyclone assembly once it has passed through both stages of separation. This improves flow efficiency, preserving air pressure and maximizing suction. It also allows refinement of the inner cyclones – to capture more microscopic dust.
No more awkward moves – DC42 can be steered with a turn of the wrist. And it's streamlined for cleaning in difficult places.
Fixed wheels are not designed to turn corners. But a ball can turn on the spot. As the ball's axis is titled, its turning circle tightens – allowing full and accurate steering control.The vacuum's key components have been engineered to fit inside the ball itself. This gives the machine a streamlined profile, allowing access to tight spaces and lowering its center of gravity to make it lighter in the hand.
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Speak direct with our Customer Service Team.1-877-397-6622


text:
November 3, 2013
The Institute for Community Health Promotion is proud to announce that Kim M. Gans, Ph.D., MPH, LDN has been awarded the American Public Health Association, Food and Nutrition Section's Mary C. Egan award. The award was established in 1985 to honor Dr. Mary Egan who had a major role in the development and implementation of the National WIC Program. This award recognizes an individual's professional contributions and outstanding services in pioneering innovative approaches to public health nutrition.


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Mary Hoepf of Republic is 80-something years old and, for more than 30 of those years, she has been making dozens of quilts. The pieces are stitched by machine, but she does the quilting by hand.
"Everybody asks me how many I've made, but I don't keep track of it. ... I'm not that much of a bookkeeper," Hoepf said. "It keeps me busy. I try to make them all different."
Her sewing machine is set up on a dining room table where windows bring in natural daylight. The machine can do embroidery patterns, which Hoepf has applied to some of the quilt squares before chain-stitching together in rows. A collection of books and individual patterns gives her plenty of ideas to choose from and specific instructions for each.
Article Photos
Mary Hoepf holds a cathedral window quilt.
A pattern called "Boston Commons" is Hoepf's current project.
The directions list the amount of each material to buy for the size of the quilt. The instructions also suggest assigning a number to each fabric and placing the cut squares in a small bag with that number on it.
"You go by numbers. There's 35 different colors. You pick your own colors and they tell you how much they are," Hoepf said.
The rows are joined to form four large triangles that are sewn together to form the quilt top. Most of Hoepf's quilts are queen size. With no table large enough to spread out the finished quilt, she lays it out on the floor. A length of quilt batting and the fabric for the back side of the quilt must be cut to the correct size.
The next step is to join the layers together by hand. Hoepf uses a quilting hoop to secure a small area of the quilt as she adds stitching in various patterns. Several people have hired her to construct specific quilts, but she has gone beyond the orders to make many more.
Enjoyment, she said, is her motivation.
"I think I started around 1980. My daughter gave me a pillow (kit) one time for my birthday. That was the start of it. I always did a lot of sewing for the kids - the girls and the boys, too," Hoepf recalled.
With quilting, she could make beautiful items that are practical. Her quilts are sturdy enough to be machine washed in a front-loading washer. Because Tiffin no longer has a fabric store, Hoepf purchases new material "any place I see it and like it."
Some brilliant prints came home with her from a trip to Hawaii.
Hoepf has made enough to give one quilt and one throw to each member of the family. That may not sound impressive, but she and husband, Walter, have 15 children, more than 30 grandchildren and stepgrandchildren and several great-grandchildren.
She said she is careful not to show favoritism.
"I put them in garbage bags and numbered the garbage bags. Then they had to draw a number. That's how they got theirs. Everybody got one at the same time," Hoepf said. "They're all good kids. ... We were blessed with good kids."
The remaining quilts are stacked in a glass-sided cabinet her husband made. Hoepf has sold some of them for up to $1,000, depending on the handwork involved. She also made a special sampler quilt hand-embroidered with her wedding date and the birthdates of the Hoepf children.
"This one's not for sale," she said.
The quilt in her bedroom is the log cabin pattern done in a variety of red and white prints. Another spread is appliqued with red and blue flowers. Pink and green were chosen for a broken star pattern. Pinwheel, checkerboard and stripe designs are accented with delicate outlining and detailed stitches. Quilting is a good way to pass the dark winter evenings, although Hoepf said she works on quilts all year, whenever she feels like it.
At one time, Hoepf and her husband did a lot of traveling, but now they stay closer to home. The quilts remind them of good times in the past as well as new arrivals in their large family, she said.


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on March 15, 2013 - 12:44 AM
, updated March 15, 2013 at 7:10 AM
"This is one of the wonderful things about this business. There are still parts for old people. I never think about retirement."
That's Michael Douglas in the latest issue of Entertainment Weekly. Michael and Matt Damon sat down to talk to EW about their hotly anticipated HBO film "Behind the Candelabra." This tells the story of entertainer deluxe Liberace and Scott Thorson, his much younger lover.
What touched me about Michael's quote is that it reminded me of the premiere of "Wall Street 2" several years back, when Michael was battling cancer. The supermarket tabloids had written his death sentence – and, in my opinion, they are, unfortunately, usually 90 percent correct. Michael himself appeared frail and ravaged by the illness and his treatments. This was especially so in contrast to his gorgeous wife, Catherine Zeta-Jones. She was more subdued than usual the night of the premiere, but Zeta-Jones, even worried, can't ever look too subdued.
I recall it was one of the most tense, overcrowded and unruly film openings I'd ever attended. And I knew why. Everybody thought it would be Michael's last film, perhaps his last public appearance.
But he recovered. And like his remarkable father, Kirk Douglas, adversity and age have given Michael a better appreciation for his life and his gifts. (There have also been the unhappy events surrounding Michael's imprisoned son, Cameron; more sobering introspection for the actor.)
At the recent Academy Awards, he was positively ebullient, escorting Zeta-Jones into the ceremony; proud of her, glad to be alive, and not ever retiring, thank you very much.
The funniest part of the EW interview was Matt Damon telling how he had to be spray-tanned all over for his role as Liberace's lover. This tanning included his backside. After the first treatment he woke up to find his pajama bottoms had turned brown. When his wife noticed, she screamed, "What the ---- happened to your a--?!!" Matt continued, "We've had three children, we've been in the trenches, there are no secrets. But I really wish she didn't see that!"
"Behind the Candelabra" airs May 26. And a great big bravo to HBO. They were the only entity brave enough to tackle this story.
Maybe you read my praise for the statuesque beauty, composure and poise of movie queen Charlize Theron. (I don't mean to make her stuffy; she isn't. She is daring and intelligent and a great actor. She won an Oscar when she set everything aside – vanity mainly – and played a murderous serial killer in "Monster.") She is also – despite her goddesslike gliding on various red carpets – an earthy woman, with a frank vocabulary and an amazing appetite. I interviewed Charlize and Bill Paxton some time ago, when they were promoting "Mighty Joe Young." We were at the Four Seasons and she ate.
But the Hollywood Reporter is telling us how practical Charlize is. She and stylist Leslie Fremar have an idea for "Theron Jeans" to be sold in mass market stores.
Speaking of the Reporter, it had great Oscar coverage and fabulous photos, including one of Barbra Streisand, Shirley Bassey and Adele, all of whom performed memorably on the telecast. The three ladies had changed their gowns for the Governors Ball. And the party gowns were prettier than what they wore on the show.
Barbra in particular looks great. She changed her hair slightly and it made all the difference.
Tribune Media Services