text:
A man was killed Wednesday afternoon in a motorcycle crash on Route 440 in Jersey City.
The accident occurred at 4:30 p.m. near the Hudson Mall. The motorcycle, a black Yamaha, came to a stop under a tractor trailer. The victim, who has not been identified, was thrown under the tractor trailer, a few feet from his motorcycle.
Freelance photographer Joe Shine reports that there are numerous members of motorcycle clubs at the scene looking on as police investigate the crash. Police have placed sheets around the front of the truck to cover the body.
Jersey City police did not immediately return calls for details on crash.
Last week a Roselle man was killed in a motorcycle crash on Tonnelle Avenue near the Charlotte Circle, not far from the site of today's crash. In June, a motorcyclist died in an accident on Route 495 in Weehawken.


text:
Things That Could Ruin Your Day, But Won't: Death by Asteroid
You know what asteroids and hemorrhoids have in common? Four letters at the end and the ability to severely fuck up one's day. You should enjoy today knowing that you missed at least one of them.
Yes, it's true. Juli Weiner at Vanity Fair astutely notes two articles by ABC News and CNN, the first informing us that an asteroid's going to be cruising by the planet tonight around the time most happy hours have ended, 7:06 p.m. It's 71-feet wide, and oh, don't worry, because some scientist is like "this types of shit happens ev-ery-day."
"Fly bys of near-Earth objects within the moon's orbit occur every few weeks," said Don Yeomans of NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in a statement.
Yes, because that's the kind of thing that's going to make everyone feel better. This kind of thing is routine, and oh, don't worry, nothing could really go wrong in this scenario except a slight shift in solar winds (or whatever) and this rock the size of a house landing right on your face. Be cool, everyone. Which we could be if Weiner doesn't point out a second 2003 CNN piece noting that in 2014, an asteroid that will basically smash everyone's faces will stroll by the planet. Even though NASA noted later on that "2003 QQ47" (also going by: Grave Digger) as having a 1 in 250,000 chance of killing everything in existence on the planet, which are way better odds than you have of winning the lottery. So, what they're saying is, there's still a chance. There is still a chance. And Vanity Fair is right to think you might die soon. Possibly without getting into Monkey Bar.
As for hemorrhoids, something like 10M people suffer from them, which is 8M more than the French, according to this totally arbitrary inter-net web page. So chances are if you don't have something craggy and scary coming after your ass, you have one on it, but less chance if you're French, which is also kind of infuriating and terrifying.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
By DAILY MAIL REPORTER
Hostess Brands, the maker of Twinkies and Wonder Bread, filed for bankruptcy today, just three years after the company last emerged from insolvency.
The firm has been a victim of economic turmoil, and of health-conscious consumers turning away from Hostess' famous range of junk foods.
While the company's products remain popular as an occasional indulgent treat, snacks like the Twinkie have been blamed for exacerbating the U.S.'s obesity epidemic.
Under the name Interstate Bakeries, the company previously filed for bankruptcy protection in 2004, emerging in February 2009.
But today Hostess said that its previous efforts to produce incremental change, including the prior bankruptcy case, were insufficient.
With one third of adults in the U.S. being medically obese, as well as 17 per cent of children, the public mood has turned against high-fat, sugary foods like those made by Hostess.
The company, which has about $860million in debt, said it does not expect disruptions in the manufacturing and delivery of its products during the bankruptcy process.
Hostess, which is based in Irving, Texas, had total assets of $981million and liabilities of $1.43billion as of December 10, 2011.
Its biggest liability is to the Bakery & Confectionary Union & Industry International Pension Fund, to which it owes $944million.
Hostess, founded in 1930, operates around 36 bakeries and employs about 19,000 people, a majority of whom are union members.
'We remain hopeful that we can reach an agreement that will allow us to amend our labour contracts so that we can emerge from Chapter 11 as a highly competitive company that provides secure jobs for our employees,' chief executive Brian Driscoll said in a statement.
(Original Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2085295/Twinkie-manufacturer-Hostess-goes-bankrupt-US-health-conscious.html)


text:
This course introduces ideas and techniques that are fundamental to computer science. The course emphasizes procedural abstraction, algorithmic methods, and structured design techniques. Students will gain a working knowledge of a block-structured programming language and will use the language to solve a variety of problems illustrating ideas in computer science. A selection of other elementary topics will be presented, for example: the historical development of computers, comparison and evaluation of programming languages, and artificial intelligence. A laboratory section will meet once a week to give students practice with programming constructs. Two class hours and one one-hour laboratory per week.
Restricted to Amherst College students. Admission with consent of the instructor. Limited to 40 students per class (20 per section). Fall and spring semesters. The Department.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016 and Spring 2017
A continuation of COSC 111. This course will emphasize more complicated problems and their algorithmic solutions. The object-oriented programming paradigm will be discussed in detail, including data abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism. Other topics will include linked lists and trees and the use of finite-state machines in algorithm design. A laboratory section will meet once a week to give students practice with programming constructs. Two class hours and one one-hour laboratory per week.
Requisite: COSC 111 or consent of the instructor. This course is the appropriate starting point for most students with some prior programming experience. Fall and spring semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016 and Spring 2017
This course will provide an introduction to computer systems, stressing how computers work. Beginning with Boolean logic and the design of combinational and sequential circuits, the course will discuss the design of computer hardware components, microprocessing and the interpretation of machine instructions, assembly languages, and basic machine architecture. The course will also introduce operating systems topics, basic memory management, and topics in network communication. Projects will include the design of digital circuits and the simulation of operating system and network processes.
Requisite: COSC 111 or similar programming experience. Fall semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016
This course is the first part of a two-semester sequence examining data structures (ways of organizing data so that it can be used effectively) and algorithms (the methods that can be used to manipulate data). The use of appropriate data structures and algorithms can often dramatically reduce the computational work needed to solve a problem. Topics examined in this course will include proof techniques, run-time analysis, heaps, hash tables, sorting, searching, and divide-and-conquer algorithms. The course will provide advanced programming experience and will emphasize the use of abstraction in program design.
Requisite: COSC 111. Spring semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Spring 2017
The main purpose of a programming language is to provide a natural way to express algorithms and computational structures. The meaning of "natural" here is controversial and has produced several distinct language paradigms; furthermore the languages themselves have shaped our understanding of the nature of computation and of human thought processes. We will explore some of these paradigms and discuss the major ideas underlying language design. Several languages will be introduced to illustrate ideas developed in the course. Topics will include functional programming, declarative programming, and programming for concurrency and distributed computing. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: COSC 112. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Not offered
An introduction to the ideas and techniques that allow computers to perform intelligently. The course will discuss methods of representing knowledge and methods of solving general problems using heuristic search. It will also discuss the design of algorithms that learn and generalize from experience. Other topics will be chosen to reflect the interests of the class and may include: communicating in English, game playing, probabilistic reasoning, planning, vision and speech recognition, computers modeled on neurons, and the possibility and implications of the existence of non-human intelligence. Three class meetings per week. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: COSC 112. Omitted 2016-17.
2016-17: Not offered
Databases underlie many of the applications with which we interact on a daily basis. They form the foundation behind many websites, telecommunications systems, banking systems, and any applications that need to maintain persistent data. This course will explore the design of modern databases for storing structured data. We will discuss the relational data model and relational algebra. Other key topics will include index data structures, views, transactions, and online analytical processing. The course will also consider the design of NoSQL databases and the implications of the CAP theorem.
Requisite: COSC 112 and COSC 201. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Not offered
This course will examine the principles and design choices involved in creating the software and hardware systems on which ordinary computer programs rely. It will develop advanced topics in computer processor architecture, cover the design of operating systems and runtime systems, and provide an introduction to programming language compilers. Architectural topics will include pipelines, out-of-order execution, symmetric multithreading, and multi-core cache management. Topics in operating and runtime systems will include virtual memory, file systems, linkers and loaders, virtual machines, memory allocators, and garbage collectors. Projects will involve the implementation of key concepts and structures.
Requisite: COSC 112 and 161. Spring semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Spring 2017
Computing networks have fundamentally changed the ways in which we use computers. The ubiquity of networks and their broad range of uses have created substantial challenges in the area of computer communication. Not only must data be delivered quickly and reliably from one computer to another, but in many cases that data must also be secure from eavesdroppers. Moreover, the recipient of the information often needs to be sure of the identity of the sender. Encryption can be used to achieve both security and authentication of information. This course will begin with the problem of communicating between two computers, followed by the problem of building generalized networks for an arbitrary number of computers. Networking topics will include layered network structure, signaling methods, error detection and correction, flow control, routing, and protocol design and verification. We will then examine in detail a variety of encryption schemes, how they can be used, and how secure they are. Cryptographic topics will include classical cryptosystems, the data encryption standard, public-key cryptography, key escrow systems, and public policy on encryption. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: COSC 112 or 201. Fall semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016
This course continues the exploration of data structures and algorithms that is begun in COSC 201. Topics include balanced search trees, amortized algorithms, graph data structures and algorithms, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming algorithms, NP completeness, and case studies in algorithm design.
Requisite: COSC 112 and 201. Fall semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016
This course will explore the algorithms used to create "realistic" three-dimensional computer images. Major topics will include object representations (polygons, curved surfaces, functional models), rendering algorithms (perspective transformations, hidden-surface removal, reflectance and illumination, shadows, texturing), and implementation techniques (scan conversion, ray tracing, radiosity). Students will create images using Pixar's Renderman.
Requisite: COSC 112 or 201 or consent of the instructor. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Not offered
This course examines the theory of games in all forms, including traditional non-cooperative simultaneous-play games and their relevance to economics, psychology, and biology; iterated games; combinatorial games such as chess, checkers, and Go; imperfect information games; and stochastic games. The course also considers data structures and algorithms relevant to games, the computational complexity of games, and the use of techniques from artificial intelligence to compute strategies when it is infeasible to compute the optimal strategy. Students will have an opportunity to develop games that incorporate AI and theory.
Requisites: COSC 112 and 201. Fall semester. Professor TBA.
2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016
The recent explosion in the volume of data being collected and curated by computer systems is making possible a new understanding of human behavior and other natural phenomena. This dramatic growth is also challenging traditional data storage and manipulation paradigms. In particular, the growth in the collection and storage of so-called "unstructured" data has precipitated the development of new database technologies. Unlike traditional relational data storage, these so-called NoSQL databases are optimized for the storage and analysis of hierarchical or otherwise non-tabular data in what are often distributed layouts. The course will explore this dramatic paradigm shift by examining the inherent limitations of traditional relational databases and how the newer class of databases proposes to address these limitations. Projects will center around experimental comparisons of relational database operations to operations implemented in the Map Reduce paradigm. Offered in alternate years.
Requisites: COSC 112 and 201. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Not offered
An introduction to the principles of the design of compilers, which are translators that convert programs from a source language to a target language. Some compilers take programs written in a general-purpose programming language, such as C, and produce equivalent assembly language programs. Other compilers handle specialized languages. For instance, text processors translate input text into low-level printing commands. This course examines techniques and principles that can be applied to the design of any compiler. Formal language theory (concerning regular sets and context-free grammars) is applied to solve the practical problem of analyzing source programs.
Topics include: lexical analysis, syntactic analysis (parsing), semantic analysis, translation, symbol tables, run-time environments, code generation, optimization, and error handling. Each student will design and implement a compiler for a small language. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: COSC 112 and 161. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Not offered
This course covers basic mathematical concepts that are essential in computer science, and then uses them to teach the theory of formal languages and machine models of languages. The notion of computability will be introduced in order to discuss undecidable problems. The topics covered include: regular, context-free and context-sensitive languages, finite state automata, Turing machines, decidability, and computational complexity. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: None, although analytical aptitude is essential. Spring semester. Professor TBA.2016-17: Offered in Spring 2017
The topic changes from year to year. For fall 2014, the topic was "Computational Biology." This course examines the central computational challenges that have emerged since the publication of the human genome sequence in 2001.
For spring 2015 the topic was "Digital Text Analysis." Computers allow scholars to examine texts in ways that would be difficult or impossible without them. This course will examine some of the ways that computers are aiding text analysis.
Limited to 12 students. Omitted 2016-17.2016-17: Offered in Spring 2017
Computer operating systems are responsible for allowing multiple running programs to share hardware resources. The policies that dictate how those resources are shared determine the system's ability to provide good performance, fair sharing, isolation between programs, and predictable behavior. There are many interacting policy choices that determine these properties, and measuring the effect of each requires careful empirical experimentation and analysis. Research papers will describe and analyze policies that control processor scheduling, memory allocation and caching, disk scheduling and placement, network bandwidth allocation, and power consumption. The policies may be specialized for different types of systems, such as servers and mobile devices. We will design and perform experiments to further evaluate the policies, comparing them and analyzing their behavior. Offered in alternate years.
Requisite: COSC 112, 201, and 261. Fall semester. Professor Kaplan.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016
Independent reading.
Fall and spring semesters.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016 and Spring 2017
Open to seniors with consent of the Department.
Fall semester. The Department.2016-17: Offered in Fall 2016


text:
A FRESHWATER dolphin species has been declared extinct after desperate efforts to rescue it came too late.
One British zoologist yesterday described the loss of the Yangtze River dolphin as a "shocking tragedy". It is the first extinction of a large vertebrate for more than 50 years.
Experts say human activity killed off the white long-beaked dolphin, which grew to eight feet and weighed 500lb. The animal is the first cetacean, the group that includes whales and porpoises, to vanish as a direct result of human influence.
In the 1950s the dolphin, unique to China's Yangtze River, also known as the Baiji, had a population of thousands.
Over the next five decades its numbers declined as China modernised and made heavy use of the river for fishing, transport, and electricity generation.
During Mao Ze-dong's "Great Leap Forward", traditional veneration of the Baiji - nicknamed "Goddess of the Yangtze" - was denounced and the dolphin hunted for its flesh and skin.
Industrial pollution, depleted food due to overfishing, loss of habitat, and the construction of the Three Gorges Dam put further pressure on the dolphin.
Stocks of some of its prey species collapsed to one thousandth of pre-industrial levels.
In the crowded Yangtze, many dolphins died after becoming entangled in fishing nets and being prevented from surfacing for air. Noise pollution also caused the animals, which navigate by sonar echo-location, to collide with vessels and get caught in propellers.
Surveys of the Yangtze River dolphin showed that by 2006 its population had fallen to 17.
Zoologists developed a scheme to save the Baiji by setting up a conservation reserve in a 21km oxbow lake which was once part of the Yangtze. The idea was to capture a few individuals and move them to the lake, where they could be cared for.
But a six-week search for the animals yielded not a single one. The experts were forced to concede the dolphin was extinct.
Dr Sam Turvey, from the Zoological Society of London, who led the search, said: "The loss of such a unique and charismatic species is a shocking tragedy."


text:
From the Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, Göteborg (Drs Hansson, Eriksson, Welin, and Wilhelmsen); and the Family Medicine Section, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (Dr Svärdsudd), Sweden.
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are mostly derived from case-control studies of hospitalized patients, and there are few long-term population-based studies.
To study the long-term risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among middle-aged men.
A prospective cohort study.
General community, "The Study of Men Born in 1913."
A random population sample of 855 men, all aged 50 years at baseline.
Main Outcome Measures
Eight-hundred fifty-five men participated in a screening examination in 1963 at the age of 50 years, and 792 of these men were reexamined in 1967 at the age of 54. All the men were followed up with periodic examinations until the age of 80. Objective methods were used to ascertain a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Waist circumference (P=.004) and smoking (P=.02) predicted a venous thromboembolic event in multivariate survival analysis. Men in the highest decile of waist circumference (≥100 cm) had an adjusted relative risk of 3.92 (95% confidence interval, 2.10-7.29; P<.001) compared with men with a waist circumference of less than 100 cm. For men who smoked 15 g of tobacco (15 cigarettes) a day or more, the adjusted relative risk was 2.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-6.13; P=.009) compared with nonsmokers.
Smoking and abdominal obesity were independent risk factors for venous thromboembolic events during follow-up. In addition to the prevention of smoking and obesity, a more aggressive strategy regarding the use of prophylactic agents among smokers and obese patients, in various risk situations, may be justified.
A VENOUS thromboembolic event (VTE) is a serious disorder, and, despite modern treatment, there is a high risk of recurrences. Surgical procedures, malignant neoplasms, immobilization, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and inherited thrombophilia are known to increase the risk of a VTE.1 Most previous studies1 of the risk factors for VTE have been performed on selected hospitalized patient groups, often in relation to a postoperative phase, and there are few long-term population-based studies.
Obesity has been found to be a risk factor for VTEs in several hospital-based studies.2- 6 Others7- 9 have failed to show such an association. Only 2 studies10,11 have shown that obesity is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE) in the general population, and this association was shown only among women. Heavy smoking and hypertension also increased the risk of PE among women in one study.11
The present study prospectively assessed the effect of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors on the incidence of a VTE among middle-aged men, during a 30-year follow-up period.
The "Study of Men Born in 1913" is a longitudinal, prospective, population-based study of men born in 1913 and living in Göteborg, Sweden. The study population and sampling procedure have been described previously.12- 14 In 1963, a random sample of one third of all 50-year-old men (n=973) was invited to a health examination; of these men, 855 (87.9%) participated. All the men participating in 1963 were invited to a reexamination in 1967, at age 54 years. At that time, 792 (94.5% of those alive) of 838 men participated. The baseline characteristics in the present study derive from the 1963 and 1967 surveys.
All the men were invited to undergo new examinations in 1973, 1980, 1988, and 1993. Those who did not participate in the reexaminations were asked to answer questionnaires or participate in a telephone interview. Information about hospitalizations, medication, and morbidity since the last examination was obtained at each examination. Death certificates, autopsy reports, and medical records were studied for those who died. Information from the official Swedish Cancer Register was obtained. Finally, all hospitals in Sweden have a register based on the diagnoses at discharge from the hospital. These registers were also used to find nonparticipants who had been hospitalized in any of the 2 hospitals in Göteborg and treated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or PE.
By 1993, after 30 years of follow-up, 481 men (56.3%) had died. Death certificates and medical records could be found for those who died, except for 2 of the men.
Of those men still alive in 1993, 232 attended the examination. Of those men who did not participate, 67 were interviewed by telephone, 29 answered a questionnaire, and for another 32 medical records were studied. Six men had moved out of the country and were lost to follow-up. Among these 6 men, 1 had a PE at age 61 years and a DVT at age 75 years before he was lost to follow-up. Another 8 men were lost to end point registration as they moved out of the area and their medical records could not be found. Thus, the clinical follow-up rate during this 30-year follow-up period was 98%.
Each screening examination included a medical history and a physical examination. All events of venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer were registered. Medical records from hospital and outpatient clinics were reviewed by the same investigator (P.-O.H.). Deep vein thrombosis and PE were defined as a hospital discharge diagnosis of DVT or PE, or as a fatal PE found at autopsy. All men discharged alive from the hospital were treated with oral anticoagulation agents. The VTEs were objectively verified with phlebography (n=23), ultrasonography (n=1), plethysmography (n=2), ventilation-perfusion lung scan (n=15), and autopsy (n=21); however, for 3 (4.6%) of the 65 men, the diagnosis of DVT was set by clinical grounds alone. Myocardial infarction was defined as a hospital discharge diagnosis according to standardized criteria,15 or as a fatal myocardial infarction found at autopsy. Stroke was defined as a sudden onset of focal neurologic signs of presumed vascular origin and hospitalization by the diagnosis of cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolus, or cerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoidal hemorrhages were not included. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting blood glucose level of 6.7 mmol/L or more (≥120 mg/dL) or ongoing treatment for diabetes mellitus (pharmacological or dietary). Cancer was defined as a registration in the Swedish Cancer Register.
Death certificates were studied for those who died during follow-up according to the register of the National Bureau of Statistics, Stockholm, Sweden. All autopsy records were obtained. Only PE found at autopsy and considered as a primary or major contributing (secondary) cause of death was considered an end point. The autopsy rate was 89% from 1963 to 1973 and 63% from 1974 to 1983, but decreased to 33% from 1984 to 1993. The total autopsy rate in the present study was 51%.
Information on smoking habits was obtained by questionnaire. Smoking was categorized as follows: 1, never smoked; 2, ex-smoker for more than 1 month; 3, currently smoking tobacco (1-14 g/d); and 4, currently smoking tobacco (≥15 g/d). A cigarette was assumed to be the equivalent of 1 g of tobacco; a cheroot, 2 g; and a cigar, 5 g. Pipe smokers were classified according to their average daily consumption.
Body weight was measured using a balance scale to the nearest 0.1 kg, with the men wearing light indoor clothing. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. Blood pressure was recorded in the right arm, with the participant seated after a 5-minute interview. A mercury sphygmomanometer with a cuff size of 12×23 cm was used. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm Hg, or the use of antihypertensive treatment. Absolute heart volume (in milliliters) was measured by chest x-ray according to Jonsell.16
At this examination, waist circumference, hip circumference, and plasma fibrinogen level were measured. Waist circumference was measured to the nearest centimeter at the level of the umbilicus, with the subject standing and breathing normally. Hip circumference was measured to the nearest centimeter at the level of the iliac crest. The waist-hip ratio was calculated as waist circumference divided by hip circumference.
All analyses were performed using computer software (SAS; SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze differences between groups. Linear trends in proportions were analyzed using the χ2 test. The hazard ratio for a VTE was calculated using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model. In the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, data from the 1967, 1973, 1980, 1988, and 1993 examinations were used. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for the visual assessment of VTE-free survival in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Probability of surviving without a venous thromboembolic event (VTE) during 26 years of follow-up in 54-year-old men grouped according to waist circumference (≥100 vs <100 cm). P<.001 for the difference between the 2 groups of men.
Probability of surviving without a venous thromboembolic event (VTE) during 26 years of follow-up in 54-year-old men grouped according to smoking habits (tobacco smokers, ≥15 g/d, vs never smokers). P=.008 for the difference between the 2 groups of men.
Four men had a history of DVT or PE before the baseline examination in 1963. These men were excluded from further analyses. Accordingly, 851 men were at risk of developing a first VTE. During 30 years of follow-up, another 65 men had 1 or more VTEs. Twenty-nine men had a first episode of DVT, 14 had a first episode of a nonfatal PE, and 22 had a fatal PE. At the time of the first VTE, 12 (18%) of the 65 men had general surgery performed within the last 3 months. Seven of these postoperative VTEs were after cancer surgery. Another 14 men (22%) had a diagnosed cancer disease at the time of the VTE but were not in a postoperative phase, and 2 men (3%) had no diagnosed cancer at the time of VTE, but developed a cancer during follow-up. Seventeen men (26%) were immobilized from other causes than surgery for at least 1 week before the diagnosis of a VTE, while 20 VTEs (31%) were considered idiopathic.
Five men experienced a VTE between 1963 and 1967. These men were excluded when baseline data from the examination in 1967 were included in the analyses. Another 4 men who developed a VTE during follow-up declined participation in the 1967 examination. So, 56 men experienced a VTE during 26 years of follow-up from baseline at age 54 years.
In Table 1, the baseline characteristics are shown for men with and without a VTE during follow-up. Body weight, heart volume, waist circumference, and hip circumference were all significantly higher in men who developed a VTE compared with those who did not. Men who experienced a VTE had lower mean cholesterol levels compared with men without a VTE.
In a multivariate survival analysis (Cox regression), including body weight, body mass index, heart volume, waist circumference, hip circumference, serum cholesterol level, smoking status, hypertension, and serum fibrinogen level, only waist circumference (P=.004) and smoking status (P=.02) were independent predictors of a VTE.
Table 2 shows the univariate and adjusted relative risk and 95% confidence intervals for VTE in relation to quintiles of waist circumference. For men in the highest quintile of waist circumference (≥95 cm), the risk of a VTE was significantly higher compared with those in the lowest quintile. Table 2 also shows the relative risk for smoking habits, with nonsmokers as the reference group. Men who smoked 15 g of tobacco a day or more ran a significantly higher risk of developing a VTE compared with nonsmokers.
Figure 1 shows probability curves comparing men in the highest decile of waist circumference with the rest of the men for VTE-free survival during 26 years of follow-up. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 26.7% for men with a waist circumference of 100 cm or more and 7.9% for men with a waist circumference of less than 100 cm (P<.001, log-rank test). Figure 2 shows probability curves comparing men smoking tobacco, 15 g/d or more, with those who never smoked. The cumulative incidence of a VTE was 16.3% for heavy smokers compared with 6.5% for never smokers (P=.008, log-rank test). In this analysis, ex-smokers and men smoking less than 15 g of tobacco per day were excluded.
To test whether changes in waist circumference or smoking habits during follow-up would alter the risk of a VTE, we used waist circumferences registered in the 1980, 1988, and 1993 examinations and smoking habits registered in the 1973, 1980, 1988, and 1993 examinations as time-dependent covariates in a Cox proportional hazards model. In this analysis, smoking (P=.006) and waist circumference (P=.001) were still related to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism during follow-up.
In a further analysis, comorbidity factors such as cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes mellitus during follow-up were included in a Cox proportional hazards model in addition to smoking habits and waist circumference at baseline. In that analysis, smoking (P=.05), waist circumference (P=.006), and cancer (P=.02) were independently related to an increased risk of a VTE during follow-up.
The present study is the first prospective study including both DVT and PE as end points during a long-term follow-up of middle-aged men. Waist circumference and smoking status were independently related to the incidence of VTEs. In several reports, obesity has been found to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in selected patient groups, such as in the postoperative phase,2,5 among women using oral contraceptives,6 in the antepartum and postpartum periods,17 and among hospitalized patients.3,4
Only 2 prospective population studies10,11 have previously studied the long-term risk factors for a VTE, in both cases restricted to PE. In the Framingham study,10 women who had a fatal PE had higher relative weights compared with participants who died of other causes. This association was not found for men. In the Nurses' Health Study11 of 121,700 female nurses, a body mass index of 29 or higher, smoking 25 cigarettes a day or more, and hypertension were independent risk factors for PE. In our study, waist circumference was more predictive of a VTE than body mass index. We also found that heavy smoking predicted a VTE, whereas hypertension did not. There is no reason to believe that risk factors for VTE should differ between men and women. Blood pressure levels were somewhat higher among men with a VTE compared with men without a VTE, although not statistically significant (Table 1). The sample size with comparatively few end points is a limit of the present study, and there might have been a difference in VTE incidence between hypertensive and normotensive men, too small to be detected in our study. In the multivariate regression analysis, there were only 56 events. However, the same age of all men eliminated the problem of age adjustments in the analysis.
Another limitation in this kind of study is that the end point often occurs many years after the baseline examination and many confounding diseases and events may have occurred during follow-up. Other studies1 conducted on hospital inpatients have shown that various cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, surgical procedures, or other forms of immobilization are important risk factors for VTEs. The association with smoking in our study might be caused by a higher morbidity among smokers, leading to a secondary VTE. We tried to minimize this bias by including comorbidity during follow-up in a multivariate survival analysis. In this analysis, we still found smoking and abdominal obesity to be independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism, also when the incidence of cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes mellitus were taken into account.
Central obesity may increase the risk of a VTE as a result of changes in hemostasis. Such changes in hemostasis have been reported in the presence of abdominal obesity.18 With hypertension, glucose intolerance, and elevated lipid levels as parts of a metabolic syndrome, a link to disturbances in the fibrinolytic system has also been described.19
The higher risk for a VTE among smokers is hard to interpret. Smoking may affect hemostasis by increasing the level of fibrinogen.20 However, this is probably not an important reason for a higher risk of VTE among smokers in the present study since the fibrinogen levels were the same for men with and without a VTE during follow-up (Table 1).
The cause of a VTE is often multifactorial, and many risk factors may interact. Smoking and obesity might thus be amplifiers of other possible risk factors and could be contributory factors to the development of a VTE in various risk situations (eg, surgery). Obesity is a growing public health problem in the industrialized part of the world. The fact that widespread use of prophylactic therapy does not seem to decrease the incidence of venous thromboembolism in the population21 may partly be explained by a higher exposure to this risk factor.
In conclusion, abdominal obesity and smoking habits appear to be important risk factors for a VTE. Consequently, these risk factors might be used to identify those patients who should receive prolonged prophylactic agents after surgery or after a verified thromboembolic event. Reducing obesity and smoking in the population may have a major preventive effect also from a socioeconomic point of view.
Accepted for publication January 11, 1999.
This study was supported by grant K98-27X-06276-17 from the Swedish Medical Research Council, Stockholm; King Gustav V and Queen Victorias Foundation, Stockholm; the Göteborg Medical Association, Göteborg, Sweden; and Göteborg University.
Reprints: Per-Olof Hansson, MD, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Welcome to the forum!
I would eat them after. You are at your most insulin-sensitive post-workout. If you did an intense workout and have a faily healthy metabolism, nearly all of the starch will go toward replinishment of muscle glycogen that was burned during exercise. Also, a cup of either rice or potatoes isn't a ton of starch, so it's not a big deal. For potatoes, I think it's around 26g of carbs and for rice around 40g.
Don't beat yourself up or consider yourself not Primal for including starch in your diet. Athletes who use their peak performance (sprinters, powerlifters) require glycogen to perform optimally. On the other hand, if you're doing nothing more intense than jogging at a slow pace or something similar, a low carb diet is fine.


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A relatively dry spring has turned itself around right in time for girls' soccer to begin postseason play.
Weather-related postponements delayed the official crowning of two Mid-Penn division champions, but we now have all four participants in the league's championship tournament decided just in time for tonight's semifinals, which are only being played thanks to the wonders of turf fields.
There was more parity in the Mid-Penn than a year ago, when three division champions finished league slates undefeated. All four 2012 titlists have at least one loss to show for their efforts.
We will see if the parity is from the top teams taking a step back or the middle-of-the-pack teams stepping up when the District 3 and PIAA playoffs get underway, but first the task at hand.
Here is a look at the four teams battling for a Mid-Penn championship and tonight's semifinal matchups:
Trinity (14-3, 11-1 Capital) at Cumberland Valley (16-2, 10-2 Commonwealth)
7 p.m. at Eagle View Middle School
Eagles: After suffering two early losses, it appeared CV might be out of the Commonwealth title race after going 27-1 and winning its first PIAA title in 2011. Not so, as the Eagles ran off 13 consecutive victories to end the regular season, including wins over the three other division contenders — Red Land, Cedar Cliff and Carlisle — all by one goal. It took a little infusion of youth to get it done as well, with freshmen Taylor Sneidman and Delaney Liu and sophomores Jess Pink and Amy Elgin among the leading scorers. This isn't the same team from a year ago that won games by six goals, but they clearly have the CV swagger back and are confident that they can win games against the best of them.
Watch out for: Jess Pink (so, 10g, 3a), Elise Krause (sr, 8g, 5a), Tara Shipe (jr, 8g, 4a), Amy Elgin (so, 6g, 5a), Taylor Sneidman (fr, 6g), Savannah Hall (jr, 5g, 11a), Delaney Liu (fr, 5g, 2a), GK Dani Shambaugh (jr, 36 saves).
Shamrocks: Despite its record, Trinity didn't roll to the Capital Division crown, with a number of close games against Boiling Springs, West Perry and Camp Hill as well as upstart East Pennsboro, which gave the Rocks their only division loss. That should only have prepared them better for the rigors of the postseason though, and they certainly seem prepared, rolling off six straight victories entering the playoffs. The scoring has been more spread out this year, with three different players hitting double digit goals, including midfield leader Trisha Clark, who gets the offensive running and can certainly finish a shot herself.
Watch out for: Trisha Clark (sr, 19g, 6a), Sara Sajer (jr, 16g, 5a), Micaela Oliverio (so, 13g, 11a), Maggie McLaughlin (sr, 8g, 6a), Ashley Mahaffey (fr, 4g, 1a), GK Mary Stephens (36 saves).
The pick: A rematch of last year's Mid-Penn final in which CV took a 2-0 decision before both teams went on to win District 3 titles, this one is between two much different teams. Neither has an explosive 40-goal scorer, and both squads have spread around the scoring punch, which just means there's more pieces to account for. Much like last year though, The Eagles seem to be on a roll with too much momentum for the Shamrocks to stop. Cumberland Valley 2-1.
Northern 15-3 (11-1 Colonial) at Mechanicsburg 13-4-1 (10-1-1 Keystone)
7 p.m. at Memorial Park Stadium
Wildcats: The one newcomer to the party, Mechanicsburg was one of the toughest outs in the Mid-Penn for the first five weeks, rolling to a 12-1-1 record after its first 14 games and looking to run away with the Keystone title. Instead a wrath of injuries to key role players helped lead to a 1-3 finish, albeit with losses coming to playoff-bound Gettysburg, Bishop McDevitt and Carlisle. The dangerous combo of Holly Burgard and Natalie Zelenky have caused problems for the opposition all year, combining for 30 goals, but there's balance elsewhere on the field, with six other players finding the back of the net multiple times. A defending PIAA semifinalist, the beginning of the postseason might be a good time to snap out of this funk.
Watch out for: Natalie Zelenky (jr, 17g, 12a), Holly Burgard (sr, 13g, 7a), Hannah Mallets (jr, 5g, 5a), Meghan Ross (so, 5g, 2a), Nicole Coons (jr, 4g), GK Shelby Koch (sr, 89 saves).
Polar Bears: Another team that had a bit more trouble in division play than last year, Northern had to fight through the very last day of the regular season to earn the Colonial Division title and a repeat trip to Mid-Penns with a 3-2 victory over second-place Gettysburg Monday. The Polar Bears suffered only one loss since the month of March, and that happened to come against these very same Wildcats. The highest-scoring team in the field with 71 goals scored in their 18 games, Northern is once again led by the duo of Lauren Berry and Olivia Snare, who are entering the postseason for the final time as high school teammates and want to make a little noise this time.
Watch out for: Lauren Berry (sr, 20g, 4a), Olivia Snare (sr, 12g, 14a), Taryn Casey (so, 8g, 6a), Brooke Sheibley (so, 6g, 6a), Mickenzie Snyder (sr, 5g, 2a), Steph Clark (fr, 5g, 2a), GK Sara Yunez (so, 73 saves).
The pick: The Polar Bears were not at 100 percent when these two teams met in the championship of Mechanicsburg's tournament, and they've been champing at the bit for another shot. Well, now they get it. The Wildcats just always seem to be able get the job done, until the past eight days. This will be a tight one, maybe even with bonus soccer. Mechanicsburg 3-2.
RUNG ON TWITTER: @drung18


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Ever since I started seriously researching sustainability and the state of our planet there is one topic that has struck me as affecting almost all the issues we face today: FOOD. For example, it is estimated that livestock's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions is between 10-51%! If the higher figure is correct, then the easiest, fastest way to stop climate change would be to replace just 25% of today's livestock products with alternatives.
Now I could continue with more and more statistics about the food industry. But instead, I've selected a picture for each issue below that illustrates just one reason why you might want to think about eating a greener diet, even if you only really care about making your own life better. If you would like to know more, then the free online documentary "Farm for the Future" is a great place to start.
Climate Change
Wouldn't you like the climate to stay stable – not too hot and not too cold, but just right for hanging out in the park?
Wouldn't you like to be healthier and fitter like professional surfer (and vegetarian) Anastasia Ashley?
When you visit developing areas, wouldn't you like to see that the people are happy, well-fed, and eager to learn like these children I visited in rural China?
Wouldn't you like to see sustainable farming create fulfilling jobs for underskilled people, leading to mental health benefits for all?
Fresh Water
Wouldn't you like our fresh water resources to be protected from chemicals, as well as overuse, so that our rivers are clean enough to drink and swim in?
Ocean Health
Wouldn't you like our oceans to be protected from toxins and acidification, so that when you go scuba diving you can see sights like this?
Wouldn't you like to see our forests protected and expanded, so that we can all enjoy their magnificence?
Wouldn't you like to see the end of wasteful plastic packaging, so that the only stuff washing up on our beaches is the occasional bit of seaweed?
Wouldn't you like to see the revitalisation of rural communities, so that urban knowledge centres can be greener and less crowded?
Wouldn't you like your country to be reasonably self-sufficient for both its food and energy needs, so that its military can be mostly just for show?


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Pennsylvania pushing for nurse-to-patient ratio laws
Because Pennsylvania has not yet passed a state budget, legislative leaders are pushing many bills to the side. But advocates of SB 742, the Pennsylvania Hospital Patient Protection Act of 2009, are still pressing for hearings before September.
SB 742 would guarantee a minimum safe-staffing ratio of RNs per patient in the Pennsylvania's hospitals, similar to a law currently in place in California since January 1, 2004, said Patricia Eakin, RN, president of the Pennsylvania Association of Staff Nurses and Allied Professionals, which is one of the bill's sponsors.
The bill was introduced by Daylin Leach (D – Delaware/Montgomery) and is currently in the Public Health & Welfare Committee. Eakin said it complements the National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act (S 1031), which was introduced in Congress by Sen. Barbara Boxer (D - Calif.) and seeks to standardize nurse-to-patient ratio across states.
A similar bill, HB 147, sponsored by Tim Solobay (D – Washington) is currently in the House Committee on Health and Human Services. Both House and Senate bills are "extremely important to us as professionals to provide some safeguards for our patients," said Eakin.
Many state legislators have co-sponsored SB 742 and have committed to vote for it, Eakin said. Not surprisingly, hospitals and their associations are opposed to the bills.
"The only way to correct the nursing problem is to address the unsafe staffing that leads to nurses leaving the profession because of burnout," Eakin said. "We are the primary care givers at the bedside 24/7."
Doctors depend upon nurses to monitor and assess patient conditions, providing a full picture versus a snapshot, Eakin said. "If you don't have time to think and protect patients, then people die," she said.
Eakin, who is an RN at Temple University Hospital Emergency Department, points to the success of the California law, which was sponsored by the California Nurses Association, mandating a nursing ratio.
Since the California law went into effect, vacancy and turnover rates have stabilized, according to a March 2008 article in the American Journal of Nursing. The number of RNs with active licenses increased from 246,058 to 306,140 between June 30, 1999 and December 2005, according to the California Board of Registered Nursing.
According to Eakin, California hospitals have not had to do many layoffs in order to comply with the law.
Given that Pennsylvania has a Republican-controlled state Senate, a Democrat-controlled state House and a Democrat in the Governor's office, the dickering over the bill should be quite interesting, Eakin said.


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Across the border to Mexico
Trip Start Sep 22, 2006
43Trip End Oct 31, 2006
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Ron does a lot of work to help the poor in Mexico and he first took us to a business he has set up with one of the Mexican men he knows to help provide work and income for this man to feed his family. This was a charcoal business. They contract with ranchers who make the charcoal and have a booth at the markets where he sells the product. This is high quality charcoal that is different to ours in that this is whole wood pieces.
We then went to this home, which is a single unit on a hill overlooking the beach and the Pacific Ocean
He then took us out to a Mexican lunch that we enjoyed as long as we were careful not to eat any of the hot chillies and peppers. After lunch he took us into the main shopping area of Tijuana. By this time it was getting late and tea time.
We decided we were going to buy some tea items and introduce him to Haystacks. He brought another man who works with him that he is also helping to meet us all. He really enjoyed the haystack experience.
Then it was time to go back across the border and back into USA and to our hotel. Ron has to cross the border every day to go to work. This can take from 30 minutes to 3 hours at times-mostly around 1.5 hrs. This is the busiest and has more traffic crossing over than any other border crossing in the world. We got through in about 20 minutes.
Ron really enjoyed meeting us and didn't want the day to stop. This was the first contact in 42 years and the four of us were in the same year with Ron at Avondale in 1964. It was certainly a great day.


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< Smoking bill on Senate floor | Main | The bill-o-meter >
Sometimes, it is personal
Posted at 3:37 PM on March 27, 2007 by Bob Collins
Sen. Linda Scheid revealed on the Senate floor today that she has ovarian cancer and it is incurable. She made the revelation during debate on SF857 from Sen. Linda Berglin that establishes expenditure limits and insurance rate restrictions on health care. Sen. Berglin said the market-based means of controlling health care costs "doesn't work."
Sen. Scheid said she doesn't favor the legislation for a number of reasons, not the least of which is she worries that the medicine she'll need won't be available if the government is controlling health care. (Listen to her floor speech)
The bill failed 33-to-32. Two senators were excused for the day. Two didn't vote
Update 4:11 p.m. - Sen. Dan Sparks just moved to reconsider the bill. To be honest with you, I thought this thing passed, so I was surprised when Sen. Steve Murphy, acting as Senate president, announced it had failed. Plus with such a close vote and two members missing the vote, I'm guessing supporters have rounded 'em up.
4:18PM - Sen. Berglin must think Sen. Scheid's comments swung the vote. She just said her bill would help Sen. Scheid keep insurance companies from limiting access to medical care.
4:30 - The bill passed 36-29


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Nuthatch is in the oldest part of our home dating back to around 1750. Full of character (no flat ceiling or square walls here!), there is a king size bed with views over the gardens from its sash window and a spacious ensuite. There is also an easy chair to relax in and a TV and DVD.
Please note that during May to September inclusive there is a minimum two night stay for Fridays and/or Saturdays on all rooms except Wren. This also includes Sundays for Bank Holidays. If we have vacancies up to a week in advance this rule will be relaxed.


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Elisa Villanueva Beard of Teach for America writes that all students, including undocumented immigrants, have a right to an excellent education.
Readers react to an article about the decline in applicants for Teach for America.
The group has warned school districts and charter school chains that the size of its corps of teachers this fall could be down by as much as a quarter.
By MOTOKO RICH
The campaign uses video spots and radio announcements that portray teaching as creative and compelling a career as medicine, acting or engineering.
From China to India to Lebanon, these college graduates are spreading education, one nation at a time.
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
Charter networks are developing what amounts to a youth movement in which teaching for two to five years is seen as acceptable, even desirable.
An influx of young, university-trained arrivals affiliated with Teach for America has flowed into the Delta, planting roots and hoping to make a difference.
By BRET SCHULTE
An educator asks, "What makes a great teacher?" Readers are invited to reply.
Alexis Lambrou has been shadowing a young teacher whose life revolves around her students and colleagues at a Brooklyn public high school.
In a city marked by pockets of entrenched black poverty, some of the worst schools in Tennessee, taken over by the state, are in the midst of a radical experiment.
Helping poor children in both cities who often struggle to get a good education.
Attempts at dialogue are increasingly rare as bitter debate rages among educators who support charters and testing and those who don't.
The author of a book about the group says it misses out by recruiting mostly at Ivy League campuses.
Teach for America, the nonprofit organization that recruits high-achieving college graduates to teach in some of the nation's poorest schools for two years, has garnered renewed interest among would-be finance professionals.
Public service work can be a gateway to careers and gives new graduates time to consider options and learn about themselves.
Each spring, well-heeled recruiters from financial and consulting firms lay siege to college campuses. They wine and dine the best and brightest students, siphoning future leaders off the top of the talent pool.
A 2007 offshoot, Teach for All, has 1,500 recruits in more than a dozen countries, said Wendy Kopp, a founder.
In "Class Warfare," Steven Brill brings a sharp legal mind to the world of education reform and mounts a zealous case against America's teachers' unions.
Go to Home Page »


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Extreme Weight Loss episode guide {season}
Extreme Weight Loss is a unique and riveting, docu-series about weight loss that takes viewers on the unprecedented 365-day journeys of courageous and resilient "super obese" people. At the renowned University of Colorado Anschutz Health and Wellness Center in Aurora, CO, Chris and Heidi, along with CU Anschutz Health and Wellness Center Medical Director and CU School of Medicine Associate Professor Holly Wyatt, MD, will guide participants on their journeys to safely lose up to half their body weight, as well as the emotional baggage that often holds one back.
what's on tonight
- 5|4c College Football


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Jalapeño Peppers
Jalapeño Peppers
Not every occasion has excitement built into it. In these instances, you have to add your own. You can do this by serving up our Farm Rich Jalapeño Peppers. They have a little kick to them balanced by a smooth layer of cream cheese. Just what's needed to get everyone's excitement level headed in the right direction.
- Made with 100% real cream cheese
- Deliciously mild stuffed peppers
- 0g trans fat per serving
- Hot and delicious out of the oven
- Also comes in a 44 oz value pack
Cooking Instructions
Parties require enough prep time as it is. So it's a big plus that our Jalapeño Peppers don't. They go straight from the package into the oven. The only thing you have to think about is which plate you want to serve them on.


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We are looking for another panelist who would be interested in presenting a paper on sexuality in 19th century Europe. Additionally, we are also searching for a chair/commentator for this panel.
As the deadline for the panel proposals in looming, we ask that interested individuals send inquiries/ideas for a paper, as well as a CV, by March 15, to firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com . Once we get a panel together, we will then ask that an abstract (100 - 500 words) be sent to us by March 30th.