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Understanding Cloud ROI Factors - CITO Research
The cloud can save you money. That's a statement almost everyone agrees with. But exactly how does that work? CITO Research has been examining the ROI of the cloud for several years. In this paper, we share the insights from our research so far, helping you understand the factors that influence the ROI of the cloud and its implications for your organization.
In calculating cloud ROI, you must consider factors that are relevant to your enterprise application portfolio and computing needs. While this paper is not a step-by-step guide to determining cloud ROI, it is possible to calculate cloud ROI by examining the factors analyzed in this white paper and determining how they apply to your situation.
Cloud ROI Considerations
Switching from traditional on-premise data centers to a cloud-computing model can produce cost savings for enterprises. The cloud decomposes the traditional hard-wired relationships between application, server, hardware, network, and storage, freeing these resources from their traditional constraints. Cloud providers tend to deploy low-cost commodity hardware, with a layer of software-based management, which allows for many alternative configurations. Because of this, moving to the cloud will generally increase the return on your technology investment. However, it also opens the door to new activities that may not fit into a standard ROI calculation.
For example, let's say that you spend $100,000 per month on self-hosting an e-commerce site that generates $110,000 per month. That's a 10% ROI. By outsourcing hosting to a cloud provider, and lowering monthly expenses by $20,000 per month, that same $110,000 could still be generated if the application performs at the same level. That's a 37.5% ROI. In addition, it frees up capital to redeploy resources formerly dedicated to maintaining infrastructure to higher-value activities such as research and development. It's up to your organization to determine the value of this new freedom.
Analysis of cloud ROI should take several broad considerations into account:
Units of Measure: A common measure of productivity is cost per unit of computing power. It generally costs less per unit of computing power to run an application in the cloud than it does on premise.
However, many cloud operators define computing power differently. Some look at a virtual machine as an equivalent of a CPU with a certain GHz of processing speed. Others create units that are comprised of the entire "stack" of assets that go into the cloud—networking speed, storage input/output operations per second, memory speed, and processing speed. It is imperative for your enterprise to obtain an explicit definition of how your intended cloud provider measures productivity or cost on a unit basis.
Tradeoffs: Cloud computing reduces the management time and capital costs associated with maintaining on-premise equipment. Assuming an application is "operationally intelligent," in other words, designed to work around performance variations common in the cloud, this usually translates to a net savings.
However, many applications were not designed to operate in a cloud environment and cannot run properly unless components such as app servers and databases are highly optimized and perform at levels beyond those common in the cloud. These applications may need to be refactored to work in the cloud.
The decision about whether to move that application into the cloud depends on an assessment of its total capital and operating cost, including computing hardware, software, and human resources, weighed against the cloud's utility pricing and self-service model combined with the amount of labor necessary to redesign the application.
Intangibles, Expressed as Time: Cloud computing can create outcomes that are subjectively important but may not have a readily determined monetary value or an easy way of accounting for financial impact; using a weighting scale can make these factors work in an equation.
Intangibles can be expressed in terms of time. This could include time for innovative software design that would formerly have been dedicated to "keeping the lights on." A qualitative benefit such as "ease of use" may need to be turned into a quantitative expression—how many clicks does it take to accomplish the same task in the cloud vs. on-premise? How long did it take to complete the simplified task?
Investment (Cost) Factors
Moving to the cloud adds new factors for calculating cost or investment—the denominator of the equation. This affects several dimensions of how organizations think about the cost of computing.
Traditional Factors Changed by the Cloud
Expanded use of the cloud transforms the nature of many different forms of cost savings or potential lower investment, which are central to the determination of ROI:
Economies of scale: When you pay a cloud provider, you benefit from economies of scale. The provider houses multiple customers' computing assets in large, highly scalable data centers, providing savings for all of the customers that would otherwise have occurred individually.
Avoiding building for peak loads: Consider what goes into planning a directly owned and operated data center—you must purchase enough equipment and establish enough space and connectivity for that equipment to accommodate peak loads, such as the holiday shopping season or an IPO on Wall Street. The consequences of not doing this are too grave to consider. The disadvantage of overprovisioning is that you almost certainly end up with wasted or redundant capacity.
Reduced data center capital expenses: Cloud ROI calculations should take into account reduced need for data center space and all the costs associated with it.
In the cloud, there are no up-front costs associated with building a data center, such as land acquisition, design, and construction. Cloud providers have already made and are amortizing that investment by acquiring numerous customers and capitalizing on economies of scale. You can avoid building or at least defer expanding your data center using the cloud.
Reduced data center operational expense: Cloud providers also save you the cost of operating a data center. Paying energy bills, IT staff, and security personnel to maintain the center all go away when you transfer those responsibilities to the cloud. Again, the economies of scale that come from shared premises mean that operating costs borne by the cloud provider are amortized across a large customer base.
Reduced disaster recovery risk: You can also significantly reduce risk by using the cloud for disaster recovery, which is a new challenge. Cloud providers have made the investment in multiple, redundant data centers and backup policies that protect their customers. If the unthinkable happens, all of your eggs won't be in one basket. Additionally, you can further reduce risks by retaining more than one cloud provider for your most critical applications and services. Nevertheless, ownership considerations may come into play that would not be an issue in standard disaster-recovery scenarios and should be discussed with your cloud provider: Who owns content synchronization and failover responsibility? Who determines recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO)?
New Factors Introduced by the Cloud
Cloud computing introduces new factors into the ROI equation that require thinking outside the box of capital acquisition, licensing of software, and depreciation:
Paying only for what you use: Switching to the cloud means you only pay for what you use, and you can scale up and down as needed.
Moving from CapEx to OpEx: When switching to a pay-as-you-go model, many companies find that savings accrue from changing their financial accounting for computing assets from capital expenditures (CapEx) to operating expenditures (OpEx). With CapEx, the full cost of an asset is levied right away, but the expense of the asset is depreciated over time. With OpEx, the expense can be deducted in full in the year it occurs.
New levels of transparency into cost and computing resource use: Through a cloud provider's interface, you can see exactly how many CPUs are being used to support each application, what that power is costing you, and how well your application makes use of those resources. That means you can better manage your existing applications, as well as make decisions about rolling out new applications with much greater confidence than before.
Increased control and automation: When your enterprise switches to the cloud, you can instantly gain benefits from greater control and precision over your resources. When your application needs more computing power, direct application programming interfaces (APIs) can seamlessly automate the assignment of that power by implementing rules you have set.
OpenStack and the Open Cloud
In one respect, cloud technology is exactly like all previous generations of technology: if you are not careful, you may end up locked into a particular vendor and lose options. The first generation of the cloud has been dominated by Amazon Web Services, a proprietary cloud implementation controlled by one company. OpenStack, the open-cloud initiative co-founded by Rackspace, created cloud infrastructure software created and distributed as open source. The largest service providers in the world, companies like IBM, HP, Dell, and others have all committed to building clouds using OpenStack. While these vendors will compete on levels of service and other aspects, the cloud software will run the same in each cloud, meaning the customers have choices and avoid lock-in.
Avoiding vendor lock-in: The open cloud (see above) can also increase your choices of vendors for any number of services, reducing the risks associated with vendor lock-in and propelling maximum savings potential, as well as driving returns.
Scale quickly: A prime cost benefit of the cloud's economy of scale lies in customers' ability to scale up and down quickly, across a number of investments. If your company acquires or sells a division or another company, typically it inherits the contract obligations of that company, which include hardware, software, data centers, and support contracts for all of the above. With more companies joining the cloud, an acquisition or divestiture doesn't carry that burden. You can add or delete redundant services associated with the acquired or sold asset, generally with fewer obligations than with traditional, on-premise computing resources.
Increase Resource Efficiency: By moving to an outsourced cloud provider, your non-computing resources (people!) also become more efficient. Enterprises can:
- Reassign employees formerly dedicated to low-level IT tasks, such as sup- porting hardware updates and administering servers, and offer them more challenging work.
- Start a new business or a new line of business. You may be able to do so without investing in any additional staff or computing resources.
- Eliminate employees who were formerly required to support on-premise computing services and data centers, affording a new range of flexibility for investments.
Return Factors
Now we examine the numerator of the ROI equation, the return on investment.
Traditional Return Factors Changed By the Cloud
Cloud computing repeals the "curiosity tax" imposed by the need for expensive infrastructure to support innovation. The cloud enables you to run experiments internally or in the marketplace. The ability to shut down the resources associated with an idea that tests poorly means less risk when funding new ideas. Companies can be much more fearless in their innovation. The flexibility to preserve capital when needed is critical in an uncertain economy.
New Factors Introduced by the Cloud
New factors connected with returns on investment include:
Better agility, faster time to market: If your marketing department used to take three months to launch an online campaign using in-house IT and now takes a week, that's a significant advantage. You're getting better ROI from your marketing team, because they produce more projects in a given timeframe. On the other hand, how do you measure success of a marketing campaign—does it have a direct revenue impact? Could other lines of business benefit? Assigning a numerical value to this benefit could help it become a more useful factor in making cloud-related decisions.
Gain green advantage: The tremendous efficiency of the cloud's economies of scale, derived from meticulously organizing space and services in shared data centers, means it takes less energy to run and cool those data centers. Not only does this lower costs; it boosts the credibility of your company's green efforts.
At what price, innovation? One of the greatest advantages of moving to the cloud is also the most difficult to quantify. What is the cost of innovation? It's much cheaper to experiment when you don't have to make a long-term commitment.
Reduced dependence on IT: Cloud computing means products can move from a back-of-the-napkin sketch to the marketplace in far less time. Because of the ease of assigning and moving assets to support new endeavors, it also means that more people can create those solutions—everyday business users can get to work right away, provisioning and using computing assets as needed without the need for IT intervention.
Redesign business processes: The revolutionary promise of cloud computing is akin to that of every previous advance in computing. Huge waves of productivity opened up when enterprises moved from mainframes (a few of the "best and brightest" working on arcane calculations in an isolated room) to desktop computing (everyone can contribute to organizational value through computing). Cloud computing bursts the hierarchical operating model once again. Now, you can deploy smart people on innovation, not infrastructure. In a world where computing power scarcity is no longer a critical limiting factor, the return on your investment could extend far past savings for IT into redesigned business processes that are only being imagined now.
The Cloud as Business Transformer
The cloud enables a transformation of your organization and the way you do business—not just computing power consumption. The benefits are great, but so are the challenges. It is a fallacy to suggest that moving to the cloud is as simple as transferring IT costs from one place to another.
Most applications were built with the assumption that they would run on traditional client/server architecture inside a corporate firewall. Some applications may need to be radically altered in order to function in the cloud, representing an initial cost that must be justified by expected returns down the road.
Often, cloud computing instigates organizational change, not just IT change. A review of organizational interdependencies and dynamics is advisable before taking the plunge. Procurement and security protocols may need to be reviewed and changed before proceeding. For example, in the cloud, computing power can be purchased on a whim with a credit card and may not be part of the purchasing workflow, unless policy is written to accommodate this possibility. Departments can create their own resources in the cloud without IT supervision. If your organization transfers risk to a vendor with whom you do not have a master services agreement, you could be placing terms of liability for sensitive data back on your shoulders.
Cloud computing is one of several factors playing into the changing role of the IT department. IT needs to take an active role in developing a "service catalog" that includes in- and outsourced services, reflecting the flexibility and reduced timescales that cloud computing enables.
In other words, the speed of the cloud must be matched by the speed of your organization.
Cloud computing can create significant return on investment, affording energy, licensing, and administrative cost savings for many applications enterprises run today, as well as providing the flexibility to invent new applications. By leveraging economies of scale, it frees up capital and personnel to innovate new ideas quickly, with limited financial penalties. But moving to the cloud is not a decision to be made lightly, or without a trusted advisor. As with any worthwhile investment, cloud computing has an organizational impact that must be carefully considered, not only for IT, but for the entire business. Moving to the cloud is a transformational investment, in every sense of the word—but it's a move that many of today's organizations find compelling.
CITO Research is a source of news, analysis, research, and knowledge for CIOs, CTOs, and other IT and business professionals. CITO Research engages in a dialogue with its audience to capture technology trends that are harvested, analyzed, and communicated in a sophisticated way to help practitioners solve difficult business problems.
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- A woman reported at 7:58 a.m. Thursday that a man had walked from West Seventh Street toward Jennings Avenue and watched students at a nearby bus stop. She said he then walked over to the students, lifted his shirt, then fled back toward West Seventh Street. She said it was the second time he had done it in the past few days.
- Michael A. Hamilton, 25, 410 Benton Road, Salem, was charged with disorderly conduct after police responded to the 600 block of East State Street at 4:28 p.m. Thursday where he allegedly had been requesting money for narcotics and found him in a business where an employee said he was asking for money. He had previously been warned against his actions.
- Police responded to a one-vehicle crash in the 200 block of East Fifth Street at 4:50 p.m. Thursday in which the driver had been eastbound and traveled over the south side curb, striking a street sign. No injuries were reported and no citation issued.
- Carl H. Gossett, 33, and Jody M. Gossett, 48, both of 873 E. Sixth St., Salem, were arrested on active warrants out of the Columbiana County Sheriff's Office for complicity and theft, respectively, after they responded to the police station to provide a written statement regarding a prior complaint at 5:04 p.m. Thursday.
- Police responded to an East Third Street home at 5:30 p.m. Thursday for a report of two dogs being kept in a cage in the front yard. The owner was warned against the action.
- Police responded to an Arch Street home at 6:48 p.m. Thursday where a man reported his friend had been having trouble with her juvenile son, who had taken off down the street. Both were found nearby and the juvenile was warned against his action.
- Police responded to the 800 block of East State Street at 7:15 p.m. Thursday for a report of a vehicle in which some trash had been dumped.
- Police responded to a 2800 block East State Street parking lot at 7:19 p.m. Thursday for a report of a dog in a vehicle. All four windows were found to be partially open and the dog fine.
- Charles Eugene Nicholas Jr., 25, 10007 Apollo Road NE, Kensington, was arrested on an active warrant out of the Carroll County Sherrif's Office for failure to appear for a support contempt hearing in the Carroll County Juvenile Court following a traffic stop in the 1800 block of state Route 9 at 1 p.m. Thursday.
- A Plymouth Place resident reported at 1:37 p.m. Thursday that a neighbor had sprayed a chemical on the property line, killing the grass.
- An officer with EMT personnel responded to a Liberty Street home at 12:12 a.m. Friday in reference to a 27-year-old man having a seizure. The man was transported to the hospital.
- Police responded to the area of Jones Drive and Andrew Avenue at 8:08 a.m. Friday for a report of three suspicious individuals standing on the corner and making comments toward residents leaving for work. Officers found an aide waiting with two male individuals waiting for the school bus.
- Police were called to the Smith Oil station at 10:31 p.m. Thursday in regard to a man who was staggering about. The man, identified as Rick Vecchio, was eating potato chips and drinking a diet Coke. Vecchio said he was on his way home and otherwise appeared to be fine.
- Police responded to complaints about youths at the community park's basketball court cursing at 7 p.m. Thursday. Police spoke with the youths about cursing.
- Chuck Beiling, Metz Road, reported Thursday condiments were found thrown on the doorway and window of his rental property at 340 Quincy Ave.
- Jessica Bacha, North Elm Street, reported Thursday someone loosened the lug nuts on her vehicle's tires.
- Police on Thursday accompanied a worker from the electric department who was going to shut off service to property on North Elm Street owned by W. Packman due non-payment of bills.
- A caller complained Thursday about a neighbor on Old North Lane riding a very loud ATV in the area the past several nights. Police spoke to the rider.
- A firefighter responded to a residence at 600 Terra Verde to check on a carbon monoxide detector going off at 9 p.m. Thursday. The firefighter did not find anyone at home.

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Merchants of Venice
Hollywood hawks its latest fare at Italy's glitziest film festival
Ah Venice—canals, gondoliers and cell phones. Last week the streets were flooded with them. "Americans were obsessed by the Starr report," joked Italian television host Serena Dandini, "while we are obsessed with American stars." The 55th Venice International Film Festival delivered: Saving Private Ryan's Tom Hanks was "really nice and still astonished at his success," says Dandini; Ronin star Robert De Niro was "bored and...disappointing. The sometimes paparazzi-shy George Clooney, who brought longtime girlfriend Céline Balitran, smiled for the cameras as he promoted Out of Sight and was in such a good mood he even drew a couple of caricatures for the waiters at the restaurant Do Forni. "Clooney," says photographer Graziano Arid, "said he felt like he was in Disneyland."
Tourist Trap
When a character in the Angela Bassett film How Stella Got Her Groove Back worries that Jamaica is AIDS-ridden, another responds, "No, that's Haiti." Haitians were not amused, especially Fugees singer Wyclef Jean, a contributor to the film's soundtrack, who said he was "saddened and offended." Now the line will be cut from the film's video version, director Kevin Sullivan told PEOPLE. That may not be enough for some Haitians, who are demanding an apology.
The Dude with No 'Do
Onscreen, Keanu Reeves may not have played the most brilliant characters, but in real life these days he's an egghead. Yes, that's the Speed star, his noggin denuded for the sci-fi thriller Matrix, which filmed in Australia. Film spokeswoman Fiona Searson says actors are willing to be shorn "if it's a role they believe in." Hey, it grows back.
Ready or Not, Here's Roseanne
The Roseanne Show hit the airwaves on Sept. 14, but judging by early audience feedback on the set of the L.A.-based syndicated daytime chat show, there is, for now, still only one Rosie (last name: O'Donnell).
During an early taping, a svelte Roseanne—"I'll bet that skirt's a size 6," ventured one audience member—interviewed Judge Judy and actor Chris Tucker. Early on, Roseanne noted the roses that O'Donnell had sent, which inspired some thinking about the competition. "I still like Rosie the best," one audience member whispered. "Wasn't that nice of her?" said another. "My husband was so excited," said a tourist from New York. "He thought it was going to be Rosie O'Donnell." Still, the temperamental star did manage to get through her first tapings without incident. "When she seems like a real person, she's likeable," said audience member Stefanie Martin, 36. TV Guide critic Matt Roush dubbed the show "a celebration of white trash without apology, but it's not stooping quite as low as Jerry Springer."
Mel B, Scary Spouse
Scary Spice got spliced. Spice Girl Melanie Brown, 23, aka Mel B, tied the knot Sept. 13 with Jimmy Gulzar, 31, a Spice Girls backup dancer and father of her unborn child, at an 800-year-old church 30 minutes outside London. The event brought out about 500 fans, plus a security force 50 strong. At an altar surrounded by lilies, gypsophila and baby chrysanthemums, Brown, regnant, and Gulzar, who became engaged May 14, exchanged vows before 150 guests—all dressed in white to match Brown's silk gown. She invited no celebs except for the Girls: Emma (Baby Spice) Bunton, Mel (Sporty Spice) Chisholm and Victoria (Posh Spice) Adams, who's also pregnant and engaged to soccer player David Beckham. (Ex-Ginger Spice Geri Halliwell, who sparked a global crisis when she quit in May, was absent but reportedly invited.) "It was the most wonderful service," said church usher Amy Meaden.
Things turned glamorous at the outdoor reception—100 yards from the church—at Mel B's new home, a $4 million, 8-bedroom manor. She paid a reported $800,000 for such wedding-day touches as an artificial pond (with artificial rainfall) and fireworks. For some locals, the less Spice, the better. "If this is what ifs going to be like," said Christine Martin, a clerk in a village produce shop, "I hope she moves out soon."
A Dapper Chap and His Chapeaux...
John Kennedy helped KO the men's hatmaking industry by going bareheaded to his 1961 inauguration. Nowadays, JFK Jr. seems inclined to stand family tradition on its head—or, rather, on his head, with a gamut that runs from a swim cap (Hyannis Port) to a snappy beret (New York City).
Riven Romance?
Is there something to the rumors that There's Something About Mary's Cameron Diaz and Matt Dillon, an item for more than two years, are now an uncouple? Amid reports the stubbornly bicoastal pair (he clings to New York, she to L.A.) may be history, their respective PR people declined to talk. Ditto Diaz: Asked at the MTV Video Music Awards on Sept. 10 about the rumors, she offered only a "no comment." A source says Dillon, 34, spent the Labor Day weekend in the Hamptons lamenting the breakup. Meanwhile, Diaz, 26, is working on the film Being John Malkovich.
Mike Tyson is looking for a few good heavyweights to take on some of his old real estate. The ex-champ is trying to sell three huge properties, including a 12,000-square-foot Las Vegas home ($7 million, marked down from $10 million) and this 61-room Farmington, Conn., mansion (asking price: $22 million). The spread has more luxury features than most hotels, including a dance studio, 1,500-square-foot workout room, racquetball court, shooting range, five Jacuzzis, seven kitchens and more than 100 phone lines. It also comes with a feature brokers don't brag about: a lien of $6.3 million in unpaid taxes.
updated 09/28/1998 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 09/28/1998 AT 01:00 AM EDT


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June 28, 1999
Evergreen hospital board members acknowledged their violation of the state open meetings law last October, during which they discussed a 43 percent raise for Evergreen CEO Andy Fallat which would give him a salary in excess of $600,000 a year. They voted to give Fallat the raise right after the closed meeting.
The hospital still intends to fight the lawsuit brought by non-profit Tacoma watchdog group Citizens for Leaders with Ethics and Accountability Now (CLEAN). CLEAN attorney Shawn Newman of Olympia argues that the hospital should throw out any action taken after the illegal meeting.
"They could cure the problem by retaking the vote," said Newman. If they lose the case, state law would hold Evergreen liable for CLEAN's legal expenses and each commissioner could be fined $100. The hospital has already spent over $15,000 on the case.
Evergreen attorney Phil Carter maintains the board commissioners didn't think any member of the public was in the audience when they called the meeting. Carter said CLEAN lacks legal standing to file their suit, thus the suit should be dismissed. He said he wants to use the suit to find out who might have leaked confidential information from the executive session. In court papers Carter filed for disclosure of information, he listed a statement by Bruce Buckles.
Buckles, president of Evergreen's board at the time of the illegal meeting, abstained from voting on Fallat's raise, stating that he thought it conflicted with a federal law regulating compensation paid to non-profit corporations. Buckles gave CLEAN a statement admitting that he had not announced when the board would be coming out of executive session.
Evergreen gets about five percent of its annual $200 million revenue from property taxes paid by residents in Kirkland, Redmond, Woodinville, Bothell, Kenmore, and parts of unincorporated King County.


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I've read the previous reviews of this ship and will not repeat the positive remarks as I agree with all from staterooms to dining and ports. We are looking forward to another future sailing!
We are avid cruisers but usually on larger ships. This was a new experience and a very pleasant surprise, primarily due the people on board! At first I thought it was the crew to guest ratio. That does make a difference, there was always someone there smiling and happy to offer you anything you need. BUT. The personalities of everyone on board is very rare. I am not sure how they managed to hire such an exceptional group of people, wow! We felt like we were saying good bye to family as we were disembarking.
I wish I remembered everyones name so I could commend them here as they magically remembered ours after a few short hours. I am sorry, I was so relaxed, I've lost my memory!
Vishal, Jony and Druv....what can I say? I felt like they each had clones, they were everywhere all day long, our bar tending ninjas! It doesn't matter where the ship is sailing, I want to come on board just to enjoy their happy faces, wonderful company and great conversations! These guys really made our trip special, their smiles infectious. Even taking their time to say good bye and helped me with my luggage to the bus. Merci beaucoup! Muchas gracias!!!
Yukti, our superstar Stweardess! What a sweet person, and how she was so stealth-like in keeping our stateroom immaculate is beyond me! Thank you!
Christine (I hope I have that right) and Ana at the welcome desk were always there happy to answer our questions:) Also super sweet!
Joey and......oooooh, now I have forgotten everyones names, not cool......the team who served ALL of our meals. Incredible, I am wondering when they had time to breathe as it seemed we were dining every hour someone was always there, a different uniform and set up every meal. Their service and smiles were always such a treat and seamless. Next cruise, I am bringing a pen so I can get all of their names and write thank you notes:) hehe!
Honestly, this was a trip I will remember for a very long time to come. I am looking forward to seeing everyone again, hopefully sooner than later.
Thank you, thank you!


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News Archive:
In the Archives: Bloomers and Bicycles
The Ann Arbor Chronicle: In the Archives: Bloomers and Bicycles
Controversy over riding on sidewalks is nothing new
Editor's note: At January's meeting of the Ann Arbor Downtown Development Authority board, Ann Arbor's mayor suggested that the DDA's transportation committee bring a recommendation to the board to take a position on bicycling on Ann Arbor's downtown sidewalks.
The fight to keep bikes off of Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti sidewalks dates back to the first appearance over a century ago of what many perceived to be "infernal machines."
O.E. Thompson was Ypsilanti's leading seller of bicycles. (Images link to higher resolution files.)
It also inspired the creation of a nationwide organization of cyclists, the League of American Wheelmen. Its Michigan chapter's 1897 edition of their "Road Book" recommended one 271.5-mile jaunt from Detroit to Chicago. Another route circled Lake Erie. The guidebook gave instructions for rides from Ann Arbor to Chelsea, Saline, Whitmore Lake, Pontiac, South Lyon and Dundee.
"Gravel roads will average as shown during entire riding season," the book stated, "clay ones only in dry seasons." The L.A.W. received a discount from 66 Michigan hotels ranging from Marquette to Coldwater. In Ann Arbor, the L.A.W.'s hotel was the American House (15% discount), and its Ypsilanti refuge was the Hawkins House (20%).
As the wheelmen helped popularize bicycling, they also warned of restrictions. "Among the principal cities in Michigan the following have bicycle ordinances," stated the 1897 guidebook, naming 17 cities. "The following cities have no bicycle ordinances: Ann Arbor, Sturgis, and Ypsilanti. In the first two cities, sidewalk riding is not permitted, however."
Ann Arbor did not yet have a bicycle ordinance, but in 1895, Section 8 of the city's "Ordinance Relative to the Use of Streets and Public Places" forbade bikes on sidewalks. "No person shall cause or permit any horse, cow, sheep, hog, mule, or other similar animal, or any cart, carriage, dray, hack, cutter, or other vehicle under his or her care or control, to go upon any sidewalk … Nor shall any person make use of any sidewalk … for riding or going from place to place with bicycles or velocipedes."
Baby carriages and biking children under six years old were permitted.
In November of 1897, the Ann Arbor city council considered and voted down "An Ordinance Relative to Bicycles." Then in January of 1898, they passed "An Ordinance Relative to Bicycles." But in March of 1898, they passed "An Ordinance to Repeal an Ordinance Entitled 'An Ordinance Relative to Bicycles.'"
Ypsilanti was also wrestling with the troublesome vehicle. In 1897, city council passed "An Ordinance to Regulate the Use of Bicycles and Other Vehicles on the Public streets Within the Limits of the City of Ypsilanti." It included:
Just one year later, frustrated city fathers raised the ordinance violation fine from $10 ($260 today) to $50 ($1,280), and the possible jail time from 20 to 90 days. Other communities were having trouble, too. Local papers reported that Bay City's Frank Baker had stolen a bike and was sentenced to three years in the Jackson prison. Compounding the problems, bicycle speeders and sidewalk-riders were difficult to nab. One exasperated resident, F. E. Quigley, wrote to the Ypsilanti Daily Press:
Not three days later, Ypsi police arrested high school student and sidewalk-biker Eugene Minor – the first bicycle crime to appear in Judge Martin Stadtmiller's court dockets for the previous three years. Minor paid a fine of $3 plus court costs of 45 cents ($76 today). The next day, police arrested another sidewalk-biker, teamster Milton E. Gould, who also paid a fine.
It was a losing battle. Bicycles were by then such an integral part of Ypsi life that the high school and the local underwear factory both had special indoor bicycle storage rooms. Almost all of the underwear factory workers were women who, like men, bought their own bicycles. "Miss Florence Batchelder is the proud possessor of a Crawford bicycle," noted the April 16, 1896 Ypsilantian.
Some men were less sanguine about women bicyclists and their penchant for wearing bike-friendly bloomers. University of Michigan medical men heard the question discussed at a September 1895 medical convention in Detroit. Dr. I. N. Love came from St. Louis, and spoke on "The Bicycle from a Medical Standpoint."
"A study of the question of the wheel for women had resulted in an opinion favorable to its moderate use in cases of acute diseases," Love said. "An hour's wheeling three times a day is ample." Love objected to bloomers, "which lessened the respect of mankind for womanhood and blemished the landscape."
Just a week later in the biweekly journal Medical Century, an editorial addressed bloomers, as well as Love's presentation:
However, the editorial grudgingly concluded that bloomers were conducive to women's exercise.
The difficulty of biking in bulky skirts, let alone a corset, led to one UM student's rebellion, and ultimately, the "Rational Dress Movement," which advocated less elaborate and constrictive women's clothing.
The May 1895 edition of the monthly magazine The Bachelor of Arts wrote:
The bloomer furor eventually resolved itself, and a century later, Ypsilanti uneventfully banned sidewalk biking in a small downtown area. But in larger and busier Ann Arbor, where the sidewalk question currently has proponents on both sides as feisty as Edna Day and company, the city likely has in store a "bloomering" fight.


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- 1 / 4 The Sapphires - Alberts songs chosen for the Australian film
- 2 / 4 The Sapphires Official Trailer
- 3 / 4 The Mills Brothers singing Yellow Bird (Bergman*/Bergman*/Luboff)
- 4 / 4 The Seekers singing Morningtown Ride (Reynolds)
The Sapphires World Premiere at 2012 Cannes Film Festival
Posted on 8 May 2012
2 songs from Alberts international catalogue have been chosen for the Australian film 'The Sapphires' which will have it's world premiere at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.
When music supervisor Gary Seeger was looking for songs to compliment the 60's soundtrack to the upcoming Australian film 'The Sapphires', Alberts creative's were quick to respond with music from that era.
The songs from Alberts international catalogues, 'Morningtown Ride' and 'Yellow Bird' will be re-recorded for the movie which stars Jessica Mauboy alongside Deborah Mailman and newcomers Shari Sebbens and Miranda Tapsell. The film is set in the heady days of 1968 when four talented singers, from a remote Aboriginal mission, are discovered by an unlikely talent scout. Plucked from obscurity and branded as Australia's answer to The Supremes, The Sapphires grasp the chance of a lifetime when they're offered their first real gig - entertaining the troops in Vietnam. For the girls, a whole new world of sex, war, politics and soul opens before them. The film was the only Australian movie selected this year.
'Morningtown Ride' from the Amadeo- Brio Music catalogue was written by Malvina Reynolds in 1957. The famous lullaby tells the comforting story of the 'journey' through nighttime made by all the 'little travellers' (children). The song has been recorded by a number of artists, notably The Seekers and in 2000 by The Wiggles and Jimmy Little.
'Yellow Bird' written by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, is administrated by Alberts through the relationship with US sub-publisher Spirit Music as part of the Threesome Music Catalogue.
The film written by Tony Briggs about his mother and aunties and directed by Wayne Blair, will part of the midnight screenings section of the official selection. This is not the first time Alberts has had an association with a film premiering in this prestigious Saturday timeslot at Cannes. In 1992 it was Strictly Ballroom, the Australian musical which Ted Albert collaborated with the then unknown Baz Luhrmann, to bring his stage play to the big screen and to create one of the most successful Australian films of all time
The Sapphires will premiere at Cannes on May 19 and in will be released in Australia in August 2012 (Hopscotch Films)


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Revised CFP: ICAF 2004 (3/12; 9/30-10/02)
(Note new location, deadline and submission address)
The Ninth Annual INTERNATIONAL COMIC ARTS FESTIVAL (ICAF)
September 30 – October 2, 2004
Bethesda, MD (in conjunction with the Small Press Expo 2004)
The International Comic Arts Festival invites scholarly paper presentations for its ninth annual meeting, to be held in Bethesda, Maryland, from Thursday, September 30, through Saturday, October 2, 2004, in conjunction with SPX 2004 (http://www.spxpo.com). We welcome proposals from a variety of disciplines and theoretical perspectives. All proposals should address the history, aesthetics, cultural significance or critical reception of comic art (including comic strips, comic books, albums, graphic novels, political cartoons, other panel cartoons, caricature, or comics in electronic media). Proposals will be refereed via blind review.
For its scholarly presentations, ICAF prefers thesis-driven papers, illustrated by relevant images (e.g., slides, transparencies). In all cases, presentations should be timed to finish within the strict limit of TWENTY (20) MINUTES.
Proposals should not exceed 300 WORDS. At the bottom of the proposal, the author should precisely state her/his audiovisual equipment needs.
REVIEW PROCESS: All proposals will be subject to blind review by the ICAF Executive Committee, with preference given to proposals that observe the above standards. (In the past ICAF has typically accepted slightly less than half of the proposals it has received.)
SEND ABSTRACTS (with COMPLETE contact information) by MARCH 12, 2004, to the address below or via email.
Submitters should expect to receive confirmation of acceptance or rejection by 30 April 2004.
To subscribe to ICAF's email announcement list, go to http://www.topica.com/lists/icaf.


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Public Opinion Snapshot: What the Public Thinks of Obamacare, by Component
With all eyes focused on the Supreme Court's consideration of the Affordable Care Act and its individual mandate to purchase health insurance, it's a good time to remind people that there's way more to the law than the mandate—and the public supports all the law's parts except for the mandate. Conservatives like to pretend the law is massively unpopular in all respects but that's just not true.
Consider these data from the latest Kaiser Health Tracking Poll. The chart shows the public is favorable toward every component of the act except the mandate, with ratings of at least 69 percent for a majority of the components tested.
Unfortunately the public's awareness of more popular provisions lags behind the individual mandate. The chart below shows that awareness of five popular provisions is less than 50 percent while the mandate is recognized by 64 percent of the public—the highest awareness for any individual component of the law.
No wonder conservatives are so eager for the Supreme Court to strike down the law. If the Affordable Care Act sticks around long enough, the public's awareness of its individual provisions besides the mandate might rise to match underlying favorability. That would make the law difficult indeed to dislodge—which would be very good for the country but very bad for conservatives.
Ruy Teixeira is a Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress. To learn more about his public opinion analysis, go to the Media and Progressive Values page and the Progressive Studies program page of our website.
To speak with our experts on this topic, please contact:
Print: Liz Bartolomeo (poverty, health care)
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MOBILE, Alabama -- A man wanted on a charge that he killed the man who wounded him and his infant daughter in 2009 was arrested tonight on a residential street near Ladd-Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Prichard police said.
Travis Griggs, 29, was charged with murder, Prichard Police Chief Jimmie Gardner said. He was taken to Mobile County Metro Jail late Thursday night.
Griggs was accused of the April 4 shooting death of Andre Antonio Manassa, 25, at the Shell gas station at 2112 St. Stephens Road in Prichard, Gardner said.
Griggs and his daughter, Sekhiya Scott, were shot at St. Stephens Road and Clark Avenue after Griggs' car broke down at the intersection on Nov. 7, 2009, Gardner said.
Griggs was released after treatment the same day, but Sekhiya was critically injured, according to Press-Register archive files.
Manassa was arrested Dec. 15, 2009, on 1st- and 2nd-degree assault charges in connection with the shooting of Griggs and his daughter, the archives show.
Court records show Manassa pleaded guilty to the charges before Circuit Judge Robert H. Smith on Nov. 4, 2010. He was sentenced to 15 months, plus a suspended term of 13 years 9 months, with 5 years' probation.
After credit for time served, Manassa was released from jail on Jan. 6 of this year, jail records show.
Mobile and Prichard police located Griggs at a home in the 1700 block of Lomeroy Street, just west of the stadium, and took him into custody shortly after 8 p.m., Gardner said.


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Indexes to the Protection Certificate Registers
Name Birth State or Country Customs District Search the Database About
NARA, Northeast Region Protection Certificates Genealogical Fallout from the War of 1812: Dixon, Ruth.
Seamen's Protection Certificate Register Database
William V. Conklin
Birth Place (City, State or Country): Suffolk Co., New York
Citizenship attested to by: Robt J Morgan?
Age: 20
Complexion: Light
Height: 5' 5"
Certificate Information:
Customs District: New London
Date Issued: 03/21/1833
Certificate Number: 7064
To Order -


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MSUFCU Seminars & Events Calendar
Check out what's going on at MSUFCU. Click on a month to expand the list of seminars and events, or to register for a specific seminar. Refreshments are provided at all MSUFCU seminars.
If you would like to speak with one of MSUFCU's financial education specialists to schedule a presentation, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
October 2016
Saturday, October 01, 2016
2016 Teddy Bear Picnic
This event is FREE and open to the public with various family-friendly activities such as face painting, meet and greet with MSU athletes, music, and arts and crafts. We encourage youth to bring their favorite stuffed animals to the Teddy Bear Hospital and if they have injuries, trained teddy bear doctors will be there to make repairs. The Teddy Bear Hospital is made up of healthcare students and professionals with the goal to help children learn about what to expect from a visit to the doctor's office. There will be representatives from a variety of specialties and sub-specialties including pediatrics, radiology, sports medicine, ophthalmology, orthopedics, etc. A health record will be given to children when arriving at the event and once they have visited all of the prescribed 'clinics,' they will receive a special gift.
MSUFCU is a proud sponsor of the annual Teddy Bear Picnic.
Thursday, October 06, 2016
Farm Lane Branch
Student Loans
This seminar takes a detailed look at student loans, covering the following - What are the different types of loans and how do they differ? What are my options for repayment? What are the options for loan forgiveness? If my loans are in default, what can I do to get them back on track? How can I avoid future default? Where can I seek direct assistance if I need it?
Sunday, October 09, 2016
Fossil Day at the MSU Museum
Fossil day is a free annual event celebrating National Fossil Day. There will be many stations to learn about and celebrate fossils, such as a Michigan fossil dig & sift, junior Paleontologist hunt, fossil mods, "Hall of Evolution," fossil identification completion, and more.
Monday, October 10, 2016
Blue Mondays, Featuring Russell Malone
The 2016-17 Blue Mondays series kicks off Monday, October 10, 2016 at 6:00 p.m., at the MSUFCU Headquarters Building in East Lansing. MSUFCU members are invited to join us for an evening of Jazz on Monday, October 10. We're welcoming jazz guitarist, Russell Malone. Blue Mondays is a jazz concert series made possible by MSUFCU and the MSU College of Music as a part of the MSU Federal Credit Union Jazz Artist in Residence Endowment. Click the "more info" link below to reserve your seat for this performance!
Thursday, October 13, 2016
Farm Lane Branch
How to Avoid Common Pitfalls of Estate Planning
Presented by Chalgian & Tripp Law Offices
Confusion about common estate planning documents and concepts, often lead to people paying for legal documents that may not fit their needs. In this presentation, you will have the opportunity to learn why some people may need living trusts, but others may not. You will learn about the "death tax" and whether it applies to you, and how other taxes, including income taxes and capital gains taxes impact the type of estate planning documents that may make sense for you. You will also understand the kinds of documents that can be put in place so that decisions can be made for you if you become incompetent. Co-sponsored by the MSU WorkLife Office.
Thursday, October 13, 2016
MSU Union
Member Appreciation Event at MSU Union Branch
If you love MSUFCU, spread the word! Bring a friend or family member to our member celebration at our branch in the MSU Union for a free lunch and receive a free gift (while supplies last).
Saturday, October 15, 2016
MSUFCU Tailgate Tent
Join MSU Federal Credit Union at MSU's football game vs Northwestern for our Spartan Tailgate Tent! Bring your Spartan spirit and visit one of our tents before you go into Spartan Stadium. Look for us outside the stadium, near Gate B (near the MSUFCU Student Section) or near Gate C (by the MSUFCU ATM!). The first 500 members to each of our tents will receive a free "green & white" gift.
Tuesday, October 18, 2016
Farm Lane Branch
Crowd Funding Strategies
Presented by Tony Willis, Lansing Economic Area Partnership (LEAP)
You hear so much on the news and on social media about all these ideas that get money through crowd funding, you think it must be easy, simple, and quick, right? Well the truth may surprise you. This informative session will give a break-down on crowd funding (rewards and equity-based), crowd lending, and what it takes to run a successful campaign.
Wednesday, October 19, 2016
MSU's Jenison Fieldhouse
MSUFCU Day at MSU Volleyball
Enjoy MSUFCU Day at MSU's Jenison Field House as the MSU Women's Volleyball team takes on Rutgers (at 6:00 pm - doors open at 4:45 pm ); Show proof of MSUFCU membership at the ticket office and you will receive two (2) FREE tickets to the volleyball game! Or, reserve and print your free tickets by clicking the "more info" link below! Just use promo code: MSUFCU_MSU
Thursday, October 20, 2016
Farm Lane Branch
Business Networking Secrets
Presented by Laurie Lonsdorf, Small Business Development Center (SBDC)
Have you ever stood on the sidelines at an event because you didn't know anyone in the room? Networking is a key business skill, yet most of us never learn the secrets to doing it effectively and with ease. The good news is that everyone can learn to network-- even introverts! In this program we'll discuss ways to overcome your nerves, make stronger introductions, and feel comfortable 'working the room.' You will leave with techniques to connect easily and confidently to build strong business relationships. Bring your business cards, a welcoming smile and a willingness to meet new people. Co-sponsored by the MSU WorkLife Office.
Wednesday, October 26, 2016
Securing MI Financial Future
Achieving financial security to last a lifetime
We understand planning for retirement can be daunting. Let us help you plot
your path to a secure and dignified retirement. Join us for free one-on-one financial QuickChecks, resources, presentations, refreshments, and more! Click the "more info" link below to register.
Thursday, October 27, 2016
MSUFCU Headquarters Lobby
Member Appreciation Event at the MSUFCU HQ Branch
If you love MSUFCU, spread the word! Bring a friend or family member to our member celebration at our Headquarters branch for a free lunch and receive a free gift (while supplies last).
November 2016
December 2016
January 2017
February 2017
March 2017
Monday, March 20, 2017
Save the Date for Blue Mondays
The 2016-17 Blue Mondays series continues, Monday, March 20, 2017, at 6:00 p.m., at the MSUFCU Headquarters Building in East Lansing. Blue Mondays is a jazz concert series made possible by MSUFCU and the MSU College of Music as a part of the MSU Federal Credit Union Jazz Artist in Residence Endowment.


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on January 3, 2013 - 10:08 PM
YOUNGSTOWN – Old Fort Niagara will host its annual Twelfth Night Ball from 7 to 11:15 Saturday in its Officers Club.
Tickets are $40 per person and must be purchased in advance by calling 745-7611.
The event will feature 18th and early 19th century country dancing, live music, period refreshments, games and entertainment. A dancing master will teach newcomers, so no previous country dancing experience is needed.
This year's event attained national recognition last month, when it was featured in the Christmas edition of Early American Life magazine.
Historically, Twelfth Night celebrations marked Epiphany, the end of the 12 days of Christmas. Early Americans marked the occasion with feasting and dancing.


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Sam Amick of SI.com polled NBA executives on the Finals: "The final tally, with three of the voters submitting only first-place votes: The defending champions in Miami received 15 first-place votes, one second-place vote and two third-place votes; their Finals foe, Oklahoma City, garnered two first-place votes, six second-place votes and eight third-place votes; and the Lakers, who have added Dwight Howard and Steve Nash to Kobe Bryant and Pau Gasol, got two first-place votes, nine second-place votes and six third-place votes. The Lakers may not be seen as the favorites to win it all, but the idea that they're the top threat to the Heat is not only a topic of much discussion in the media but also clearly a very real sentiment in NBA circles."
Matt Moore of CBSSports.com on the poll: "When the Lakers first landed Howard, there was excitement, but also a move to consider how good Oklahoma City still is, and how they match up with the new-look L.A. after bouncing them in five games last year. But the more you look at the Lakers' roster, and how good it looks, the more the feeling is established that the Lakers may have leap-frogged the Thunder. This poll is a reflection of that. It doesn't mean anything, of course. "They still have to play the games" and all that. But that goes both way. Oklahoma City isn't guaranteed to have the same success, nor the injury luck they've managed over the past two years. Things could just as easily go wrong for OKC as they could for the Lakers, or Miami. Basketball and its chemistry is a tenuous, delicate thing."
Serge Ibaka needs to work on his hat game.
Matt Moore for PBT on the West: "The Lakers, Thunder, and Spurs will be in the top three spots barring injury, it's pretty safe to assume that. San Antonio is one where you're tempted to throw them back into the pack of wolves to fight for their lives, but we always doubt San Antonio, and they always exceed regular season expectations (as opposed to the mid-2000′s when they would meet disappoint in the regular season and then exceed postseason expectations). As good as Los Angeles and the Thunder are, it shouldn't shock anyone to see the Spurs nab the top seed in the playoffs again, just as it shouldn't shock anyone to see them bounced in any round, first through Finals."
Mario Chalmers is saying silly things.
James Harden played some summer hoops recently and put a couple of guys on skates.
Don Nelson on the birth of small ball: "It all happened in the Celtic practices. What Auerbach would do when it got to midseason and practices were drudgery, he would play big guys against the small guys and the smalls would always win. You put Bill Russell on the other team and everybody else big, and put the smalls on the other and it wasn't a close game as long as it was a full-court game. Now half court, you couldn't do that. But full court, the smalls always won, so I'm sure that was the start of it."
The Thunder are refurbishing a city basketball court.
ESPN.com's Summer Forecast has the Lakers as the West favorite.
Chris Broussard of ESPN.com on that: "Finally, those who are worried about James Harden because he vanished in the Finals should relax. So he had a bad series against the Heat, averaging 12.4 points on 37 percent shooting. It doesn't mean he's not clutch, it doesn't mean he froze on the big stage. He simply played poorly. It happens, especially to 22-year-olds, which was Harden's age during the Finals. Larry Bird averaged just 15 points and had back-to-back eight-point games in his first Finals appearance. So don't count out Harden at all. In fact, like Durant and Westbrook, expect him to be better. Expect the Thunder as whole to be better, too, perhaps even better than the Lakers."
One of the executives Amick polled: "They'll be really good and should challenge for the Finals, but OKC should be a very good matchup for them. Kendrick Perkins has proved to be capable of defending Dwight in one-on-one situations and Ibaka can defend Gasol one-on-one, which limits the Lakers' advantage slightly. I get the sense that people are underestimating the Thunder slightly given the moves that teams around them made, and that plays right into their hands. They'll use it for motivation."


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In 1993, Brown put the stamp on his impressive pitching career at Davison High, and that summer he joined two of the area's elite on a staff that led its team to an 11-1 victory in the Classic.
"The year of the pitcher," Brown said, laughing.
There were two Detroit Tigers prospects on that team: Lapeer West's Brandon Reed and Kearsley's Dave Mellenfaunt.
That game will always be embedded in Brown's memory, and he hopes this year's all-star participants get a chance to create their own "glory stories."
The Black Team will take on the Gold at 6 p.m. Monday at Flint's Whaley Park, with each team getting one last chance to settle high school rivalries.
"It's a great thing," said Brown, who has organized the event since 2001. "The best thing about it is that it's a final farewell for the seniors. All the guys who loved to hate each other, whether it was in the Big Nine, GAC, or Metro, they get to play against each other, or together, as allies. They get to show off their stuff for one last time."
And this year could end up like 1993, "The Year of the Pitcher," with talented pitchers like Davison's Lauren Graham and Grand Blanc's Connor Shelton slated to take the hill.
But they're going to have to outwit a stable of some of county's top hitters in Mt. Morris' Chad Reed and LakeVille's Josh Johnson, both whom recently signed to play for Mott.
Brown said it will interesting to see which side, the hitter or the pitcher, wins Monday.
"I think there will be jitters for some of the pitchers," Brown said. "If they come out ready, I think it will be a pitcher's game again this year."
Former Mott athletic director and baseball coach Ernie Myers started the all-senior game in the late 1960s as a way to monitor, and ultimately keep, homegrown talent in Flint. He was successful in doing so, capturing three regional titles and three top 10 finishes in the NJCAA national tournament in the 1960s. He was an area baseball icon — and is still considered so — and was inducted into the Greater Flint Hall of Fame for his efforts.
Staying in line with Myers' philosophy has been Brown's intention since he took the event over in 2001. However, Mott assistant coach Tim Weeks, along with prep coaches, assist in making the event one of the area's best, Brown said.
"I came in here when Ernie was on his way out (retiring from Mott)," he said. "I learned a lot from Ernie. (For us) to keep this going on after he left (in 1998) definitely means a lot."
Two weeks ago, Brown met with Lapeer East coach Larry Grumley, Mt. Morris' Ben Almasy and Kearsley's Tim Phipps to select the top seniors to take part in Monday's contest.
The trio carefully sifted through applications from seniors from the Big Nine, Saginaw Valley (city schools), Metro and GAC, ultimately deciding on this year's pool of players.
"We try to find the best of the best," said Brown, who also likes the convenience of having the ability to find Mott's "players of tomorrow" all on one field.
Last year's duel ended with Gold winning, 7-4.
Players are encouraged to arrive at 5 p.m. to get their All-Star jerseys, but should come dressed in their school pants and hats.
Team rosters
Tyler Lafayette C Mt. Morris
Chad Reed Inf Mt. Morris
Brandon Towery Inf Mt. Morris
Trevor Troupe C Goodrich
Travis Early 1B/P Lapeer East
Erick Strickler OF/P Lapeer East
Chaz Hill Inf/P Lapeer East
Mitch Kirk P/OF Lake Fenton
Josh Johnson OF LakeVille
Nick Sandlin Inf Swartz Creek
Mike Seyfert C Swartz Creek
Jake Brejnak OF Goodrich
Josh Korpi P Atherton
Mike Andrews P Mt. Morris
Tyler Castro Inf Linden
Bran Dudley OF Montrose
Spencer Quick UTL Lake Fenton
Zach Lach Inf Clio
Alex Demock Inf Montrose
Coaches: Lapeer East's Larry Grumley and Mt. Morris' Ben Almasy
Pete Panos C Davison
Lauren Graham P Davison
Cameron Hogg Inf Davison
Joe Shannon inf Davison
Justin Fisher C Flushing
Tyler Baker OF Flushing
Sal Ausiello Inf Flushing
Matt Webster Inf Flushing
Kyle Bourne Inf Kearsley
Kyle McRill 1B Kearsley
Ryan Hill P Kearsley
Chad Schupbach Inf Fenton
David Lenzi Inf Fenton
Connor Shelton P Grand Blanc
John Pfister Inf Grand Blanc
Mike Ovadek OF Powers
Pat Bielac UTL Powers
Daquanta Walker P Southwestern
Matt Beckner OF Holly
Coaches: Davison's Timm Rye and Kearsley's Tim Phipps


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Hi! My name is Liberty
I am an American Shorthair from new franken, WI
Nicknames: Dibby Doo, Libs, Dibby
Age: 15 years old
Gender: F
Coat: short haired
Education: She was a stray who found us through our garage
My favorite tricks and treats are: Cooked shrimp ring
Where I hang out: Anywhere she wants to
My favorite grubs: A cooked shrimp ring
My pet peeves: When i don't get my shrimp
What I love about my owners: She named me Liberty becuz she found me in her garage exactly 1 week after 9-11
My cat hobbies: Eat shrimp and play with Montana
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Monthly Archives: April 2011
Friedman's Home Improvement 65th Anniversary
When two brothers – Benny and Joe Friedman – started a small junk store in downtown Petaluma just after World War II, little did they know what their dream would become over 65 years later! Today, Friedman's Home Improvement is very proud to celebrate our 65th year with longtime friends, staff, customers, family, and our growing North Bay communities. Celebrate our anniversary by joining us for our Arbor Day Celebration, April 29th. Arbor Day is a national celebration of trees, and we have a wide variety of young fruit trees, nut trees, shade trees, decorative trees, and flowering trees. Stop by Friedman's Home Improvement today …
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Earth Day, April 22, 2011
According to the Earth Day Network, more than 1 billion people participate in Earth Day activities, making it the largest secular civic event in the world. That's kind of a big deal and causes us to question, "Where did this all come from, what does it mean, and how can each and every one of us participate in this global effort?" The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22nd, 1970 which was coordinated by U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson. This nationwide environmental "teach-in" day included rallies with approximately 20 million people participating on college campuses from coast to coast in an effort to raise awareness …
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Composting is good for the environment, cuts down on landfill waste, and is easy to do! Ask any little boy how cool it is to find worms wriggling around, doing their job to turn compost waste into rich soil. That's nature at work, and Friedman's Home Improvement will walk you through the steps to create and maintain your personal compost pile. Composting is considered a healthy part of nature's recycling process. When starting your own compost pile, first you'll want to consider if you'd like an open-air or closed-air system. Whether you choose an open or closed system, carefully layer the materials or mix the …
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I love your blog! Beautifully done and perfect for a girl on a budget (like me!). I've heard a lot about the new stuff at H&M but I had no idea it would be so popular! I feel like I need to rush over to the store near me and snag some stuff before it's all gone!
Store Info on Matthew Williamson for H&M collection
As all good Recessionistas know, H&M will be launching the Matthew Williamson for H&M collection tomorrow, Thursday, April 23rd. Around 200 H&M stores worldwide will carry Williamson's wardrobe of eclectic prints and vivid colour pieces. And these are b*r*i*g*h*t. It's really an eye catching palette here, pinks, turquoise, purple and fuchsia. Some of the faithful may already be camped out at the flagship Fifth Ave. store. Here in Los Angeles, all is quiet and as of yet, no camp out and no queue. I don't expect the line to form until early tomorrow am (say 6:30 am to 7:00 am, look for it across the street from the Sofitel Hotel.)
· The main inspiration for the collection is a retrospective of special pieces from his past collections.
· The store on 640 Fifth Avenue will open at 9 am on the day of the launch, Thursday, April 23rd, an hour before all other H&M stores. There will be a line outside the store prior to opening (as there always is!) Behave and be safe.
· The store at the Beverly Center in Los Angeles will open at 10 am on the day of
the launch, April 23rd, as will most other H&M stores carrying the collection. Update: as of 10:30 am PST, 4/23, Beverly Center H&M is sold out of the collection. Nothing is left on the racks.
· The items in the window at the Fifth Ave, New York store will be sold on a first-come-first-serve basis on Monday April 27th.
· Find the store that carries your favorite item by clicking on the outfit and choosing "find a store", by clicking here.
To listen to the designer talk about his collection and see more of the clothes, watch this special video provided to us by H&M for the launch. I love how the H&M Fashion Director talks about the "happy colours."
If you are not getting up for the dawn patrol tomorrow, look for the entire collection on eBay within an hour of the stores' opening! 🙂 Some items from Europe are already up for auction on eBay. That's how quick this stuff will be snagged and resold. I saw people selling Comme Des Garcons from their blackberries last year while they waited in the 30 minute line to buy their selections at H&M.
In case you can't get into H&M tomorrow, or if you find the collection sold out, here are some other sales of interest that might console you:
who: FURLA
what: Handbags, Shoes, Accessories and Small Leather Goods – Prices up to 70% off retail Prices
when: Thursday, April 23rd – Friday, April 24th 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM
where: in-house: 145 West 18th St (6th and 7th avenues)
why: Elegant, contemporary, stylish
– beautiful: Capture the essence of Italian craftsmanship at its finest with Furla's outstanding collection of handbags, shoes, wallets, belts, jewelry and key rings.
Camarillo Premium Outlets® to hold Expansion Celebration
April 23 – 26 for opening of The Promenade
WHAT: Camarillo Premium Outlets® is getting even larger. Camarillo Premium Outlets will celebrate the opening of its latest expansion on April 23 through April 26, 2009. The Promenade will bring 40 new designer and name brand outlet stores and eateries, expanding the center to 160 stores in total. The Promenade, which is 220,000 square feet is anchored by Neiman Marcus Last Call, a new merchant at the center and Saks Fifth Avenue Off 5th which has relocated to a larger store with a new store design.
WHEN: Expansion Celebration
Thursday, April 23 – Sunday, April 26, 2009
Ribbon Cutting at 9:00am on Thursday, April 23
Celebrate throughout the center with four days of in-store promotions, live entertainment and more.
Shopping Hours: Thursday, April 23 – Saturday April 25: 10am-9pm
Sunday, April 26: 10am-8pm
WHERE: Camarillo Premium Outlets
740 E. Ventura Boulevard, Camarillo, CA 93010, (805) 445-8520
And coming soon, the Decadestwo sale. We'll be featuring more about this tomorrow, in a special interview with the owner featuring pictures of the store's treasures.
Decadestwo Vintage and Designer Consignment Store – One Day Only – 20% Off Everything!
Sat: April 25, 2009
Hours:10 am to 6:00 pm
8214 Melrose Avenue, West Hollywood, California
Decadestwo is having their annual sale with 20% off everything in the store this Saturday. Special store hours are from 10am-6pm. Shop early for the best selection of handbags, shoes, and clothing from Chanel, Prada, Marni, Chloe, and more!
Decadestwo is having their annual sale with 20% off everything in the store this Saturday. Special store hours are from 10am-6pm. Shop early for the best selection of handbags, shoes, and clothing from Chanel, Prada, Marni, Chloe, and more!
Shop well & shop wisely!


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Life Groups
Getting connected at Central Church means participating in a Life Group. They provide a setting to build dynamic relationships and apply Biblical principles to your daily life. Life Groups allow Central to grow smaller as we grow larger.
What are Life Groups all about? Our groups are as varied as the people who attend Central are. Group leaders use their gifts and passions to create a community that allows others to join with them in serving God while participating in activities and events that are relevant to their interests. Whatever your age or interest-Bible study, cooking, prayer, missions, running, you name it-we've got a group that's just right for you. Our Life Groups meet all over the city, so there's one near you!
Were there Life Groups in the Bible? The book of Acts records the tremendous growth of the first church in the city of Jerusalem. Life Group meetings in homes were the foundation of the early church. Acts 5:42 tells us that the people met "in the temple courts" (large group worship) and "from house to house" (Life Group fellowship). Life Groups were vital to the church's growth then, and they are just as vital now. You'll never fully experience all that Central has to offer until you connect with a Life Group.
When can I join a Life Group? New groups start three times a year-spring, summer and fall semesters-with an exciting event called Rally Week, when we showcase all our groups. You don't have to wait for Rally Week though, most groups are open to new members throughout the semester. Find a group, contact the leader and get going!


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Gamblers pick Obama
October 31, 2012 - Harry Eagar
For the past week or so, I've been following the betting on the presidential election at Intrade, the Irish futures market, and to a lesser extent, the Iowa Electronic Markets. (IEM limits bets to $500, which presumably chases the big rollers away and, perhaps, distorts that market.)
The last week as been very volatile, although the plungers are uniformly leaning Obama-wards. The price of a $10 bet was about $6.10 when I first stopped in to look, fell as low as about $5.40 (for reasons I cannot guess), then bounced back to around $6.10.
This morning, it's taken a largish jump and is around $6.60 -- that is, you pay $6.60 to win $10. No limit, although judging by the number of shares offered at different prices, few bettors are placing bets over $1,000.
Conversely, it costs around $3.40 to bet to win $10 with Romney. A lot of the horse players I know won't bet on short odds. Dunno if political bettors act the same way. Is money flowing toward R. because the payoff potential is better? Or, as seems more likely, are bettors putting their money on the man they want to win?
Either way, I tend to think the so-called predictive power of a free market is oversold by the free-marketeers. (The IEM is set up as an educational tool to teach college students how markets work; I don't believe it is capable of doing that. I don't believe anybody knows how markets work.)
I prefer the kind of bet where the loser says he'll push a peanut down Main Street with his nose, but nobody seems willing to make those bets any more. Politics was more colorful in the old days, but the influx of money has made it duller in some ways.
In case it wasn't clear the first time, the reason I am skeptical of markets in general and this market in particular is that it is hard to match the violent swings in the gamblers' odds with anything likely to be happening among the electorate.
The Obama wager is now over $6.90, a rise of nearly 8% in a day and of close to 15 points in a week.
Even if you argue that the outcome of the election (the wager) is on a knife's edge because it depends on the results in 7 or 8 closely divided states, it seems hard to believe that anything happened in those states so dramatic in a week that the odds should have shifted from 55% to nearly 70%.
Or perhaps once the odds in Obama's favor shifted past a certain point -- say, for the sake of discussion, when it passed 67% or 2:1 -- there was a rush of hot money to get in (late) on an almost sure thing.
I can imagine gamblers acting that way, but the way Intrade works, there has to be a counterseller on the other side of every buy. So there's still Romney money in the mix; the book hasn't just seized up.
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Fuse Creativity System Project Guide: Fun Party Themes, Idea for Handmade Cards, And More Paper Crafts from Fiskars
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
8 Mixed Media Art Crafts
By: Caitlin Kavanaugh, Editor for FaveCrafts.com
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Do you love mixed media art? Then you'll love this collection of 8 mixed media art projects. Decorate your favorite scrapbook cover with paper cut outs or create a multitude of collages to hang on your walls. Mixed media art projects use a variety of different materials, making the crafting even more fun. Enjoy this collection!
Table of Contents
Altered Art
Collage Art
Altered Art:
Take old covers, picture frames and clipboards and turn them into beautiful expressions of your creativity. Mixed media art is perfect for jazzing up something plain and making it extraordinary. Here are four easy-to-understand projects to get you started.
Altered Art Scrapbook Cover
Altered Clipboard
Altered Art Milk Carton
Garden Frame
Collage Art:
Create collages composed of whatever materials you want! Nearly everything can be used in a collage, from glossy buttons to old scrapbook paper. You can even turn a rusty muffin pan into a rustic wall hanging for the kitchen. Make these four projects for yourself, or make several and give them away as gifts.
Butterfly Collage Card
Collage Corkboard
Recycled Metal Art Collage
Reverse Collage Tea Tray
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Aug 26, 2011
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jillshope 123
Aug 25, 2011
I really like your projects. COULD YOU PLEASE TAKE THE HOME DEPOT AD OFF THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN? IT'S VERY ANNOYING BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO KEEP TAKING IT OFF SO YOU CAN READ INSTRUCTIONS. PLEASE DO THIS!!!
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ATLANTIC CITY — New Jersey gambling regulators yesterday gave six casinos the green light to offer Internet gambling statewide.
The state Division of Gaming Enforcement's decision, which came after more than four days of testing the technology involved in online betting and making sure gamblers are within New Jersey, allows the state to join Nevada and Delaware as the only ones offering Internet gambling. It authorized six of the seven casinos that hold Internet gambling permits to immediately offer online gambling throughout New Jersey.
"At this point in time, the casinos are trying to gear up for larger play in the state," division director David Rebuck said in an afternoon conference call with reporters.
He didn't immediately have an estimate of how many people had logged on during the test period but said it topped 10,000 fairly early during the test.
The six casinos approved are the Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa; the Tropicana Casino and Resort; Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino; the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort; Bally's Atlantic City and Caesars Atlantic City.
The casinos immediately began offering promotional deposits to players.
The Tropicana announced a $50 sign-up bonus and said it would make offers to attract people to its brick and mortar casino and its online version.
The Golden Nugget Atlantic City was required to continue testing its systems before being cleared for unrestricted play. General manager Tom Pohlman said there were content issues that would have made logging on and playing an unsatisfactory experience for customers.
"Playing slots randomly would freeze up and generate an error message," he said.


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It should come as no surprise that Jermain Taylor-Cory Spinks was a boring affair. What made it worse was the fact that the fight occurred immediately after fellow middleweights Edison Miranda and Kelly Pavlik put on an exciting show. I wasn't in Memphis, Tenn., for the card and was extremely happy to be at home watching the HBO broadcast. Like most of you I was glued to my seat during Miranda-Pavlik, but struggled to stay in my seat for the main event. If I didn't have to watch the main event there is no way I would have sat through it -- I must admit, however, that I record all the fights. But since I'm paid handsomely by The Star-Ledger to endure these dancefests, I made the most of it by asking myself which would I rather see -- Taylor-Pavlik or Taylor-Joe Calzaghe. After watching Pavlik, whom I didn't pick to win the fight, the answer was simple. Pavlik is the guy Taylor needs to face next. And based on the performances each man put on Saturday night the early pick here is Pavlik. The only question hovering over Pavlik before he stepped in against Miranda was the lack of quality opposition on his resume. Though Miranda has holes in his game he is considered one of the top 160-pounders in the world. That Pavlik disposed of Miranda easily erased any doubt that he is the real thing. His height (6-2 1/2), accurate punching, high-volume punching, strength and ring intelligence make him a serious threat to end taylor's championship reign. Taylor-Pavlik has the potential to be huge, financially. But Pavlik needs one more fight on HBO -- too few people know who he is. For all his success thus far as a pro -- 31-0-0, 28 KOs -- he needs one more exciting television performance. After that fans will flock to see him face Taylor, who still looks unsure of himself in the ring. As for Spinks, how in the world could he or his handlers think he won the fight. One of boxing's biggest problems is the large number of delusional individuals directly involved in the sport. All he did was survive, that's it. He does have tremendous elusive skills, but little to offer on offense. If Taylor had a killer instinct he'd have stopped Spinks in seven rounds. But Taylor seemed more concerned about getting hit by a guy who lacks any punching power, even against much smaller opposition, than applying pressure. One had to feel for Manny Steward; he tried everything in the book to get Taylor to fight. Taylor's reluctance to mix it up may prove to be his downfall against an aggressive, hard-hitting, accurate puncher like Pavlik -- who also takes a good punch, which was display against Miranda. Taylor-Pavlik: That's the fight I want to see next. Calzaghe can fight the winner. Before I go: What in the world was judge Richard Flaherty watching? 117-110 Spinks? I've witnessed some questionable decisions during my years covering boxing, have even made a few myself, but Flaherty is off the charts with this one.
Taylor should fight Pavlik next
Franklin McNeil/For The Star-Ledger By
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on May 20, 2007 at 12:27 PM, updated May 20, 2007 at 1:23 PM
Follow on Twitter
on May 20, 2007 at 12:27 PM, updated May 20, 2007 at 1:23 PM


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Teen claims canoe trip instead turned into beating by ex's family
July 23, 2013
LISBON — A Poland woman reported on Friday she was assaulted by the family of her ex-boyfriend at their Negley area home....
Apparently an "inline" family member is a staffer at the Journal. And Reader, I don't mean to lump all the fine folk of southern Columbiana Co. in the same category. Just most of 'em.
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Review and change the name ratings you've made throughout the site
Create a private list of your favorite names or share it with the Nameberry community to flex your naming muscles
Manage all the name subscription emails you've set up
Change your email address and your password
All Blog entries by Aimee Tafreshi:
Posted June 2nd, 2016 by Aimee Tafreshi
Noah and Liam too popular? Then how about Nash or Cian? Aimee Tafreshi offers plenty of choices!
Read More
Posted March 5th, 2015 by Aimee Tafreshi
Guest blogger Aimee Tafreshi tells you everything you'd want to know about virtually every plausible girls' name beginning with the 'P'.
Posted January 20th, 2015 by Aimee Tafreshi
Guest blogger Aimee Tafreshi offers her personal baby name resolutions (and pet peeves) for 2015. Do you agree? What are yours?
Posted December 14th, 2014 by Aimee Tafreshi
Brooks, Banks, Briggs–these and other s-ending surname names sound just like they're headed for Harvard, says Aimee Tafreshi in her guest blog.
Posted November 23rd, 2014 by Aimee Tafreshi
Aimee Tafreshi looks below the Top 1000 to find some great names in every conceivable category.
One fine body…


text:
Ph.D. in Geography
- More Info: Visit the general course catalog
Gaining a sense of place
The Department of Geography at the University of Nevada, Reno emphasizes human-environment interactions.
Our curriculum and research specialize in the study of desert and mountain landscapes and people in arid and mountainous environments.
Students who hold a Master's degree in Geography or a related discipline are eligible for admission into the Ph.D. program. A maximum of 24 credits of coursework from a master's degree program or previous post baccalaureate graduate studies program (with grades of B or better) may be allocated toward the doctoral degree. These credits are subject to the approval of the advisory committee and the Graduate Dean.
Applications for acceptance into the Ph.D. program are sent to the Graduate School, and must include:
- A graduate admission application form, including fees;
- An official copy of GRE, LSAT, MCAT or GMAT scores; and
- Official college transcripts. Applicants must also send to the department a statement of purpose and goals and three recommendation letters.
Applications received in full by February 1st will be considered for the fall semester.
Learn more about admissions to the Geography Ph.D. program.
Related Degrees and Programs
- Geography, Minor
- Bachelor of Arts in Geography
- Bachelor of Science in Geography
- Master of Science in Geography
- Ph.D. in Geography
Contact College of Science
|(775) 784-4591
|(775) 784-4592
|Davidson Math and Science Center
University of Nevada, Reno
Reno, NV 89557