text:
Separate Meaning From Presentation
I used to use
for this concept, but realized that it is beyond just programming syntax. It comes up in user interface issues also (such as
), for example. Thus, I am creating a wider topic. I don't yet have a good written description of the concept. Volunteers? --top
Related topics:
Maybe it is not so much about "separating", since physical location has little or no meaning in the virtual world, but more about accessing the "atoms" of information without parsing or hacking.
I strongly suggest to click on the
button and have a look at the left column.
, Top suggests
is a not yet existent ideal when he says "separation is a bit idealistic". There are many
s out there, surely there is one which demonstrates
. --
Perhaps you mean
Top uses '
' in a manner inconsistent with its normal usage.
is violated when presentation features (such as bold, font, font size) are combined in representation with semantic features (e.g. structure: paragaphs, tables, chapters, titles). A
that demonstrates better
includes the use of
to attach presentation features to XML or
Top uses '
' with intention that might better be described by 'SeparateDataFromRepresentation
'. This concept is violated by languages such as C++ that encapsulate attributes inside objects in a manner that automatically implies conditions on the physical representation of that data. It can be repaired by allowing access to and storage of attributes of an object to be specified independently of the procedures that describe that object's behavior. Doing so would allow objects to essentially be 'views' (potentially updateable views) of a database, whilst still allowing local data storage where it is appropriate for optimizations (e.g. caches). This sort of separation has been used to good effect for such things as arbitrary mixin support and concept-oriented programming. A few OO languages, including Ruby and Smalltalk, seem to support SeparateDataFromRepresentation
by treating attributes as a pair of getter/setter procedures that may be overridden at any time.
One thing to note about SeparateDataFromRepresentation
is that it forbids 'pointers' as they are usually utilized, because you cannot 'point to the representation' of any particular data item. Everything (including pointers and references) must be stored as values (which must be first class), and if one needs a 'pointer' the one gets what is essentially a
'getter' (for dereference), a
'setter' (for assignment), or a pair of the two. While parsing or serialization or database queries or whatnot might be part of executing these mechanisms, those tasks become encapsulated within the 'view' mechanism (getter/setter) functions. A 'pointer to another object' really is a getter procedure that returns another view of data with its own getters and setters and associated procedures.
Personally, I am in agreement with both
(its normal use) and SeparateDataFromRepresentation
, and fully believe that languages should automatically support them. But I feel
often overstates the benefits of following SeparateDataFromRepresentation
more extremely... he seems to believe one could get a major benefit out of putting
into a database, and on such pages as '
' he points out the benefits for debugging, but he completely ignores issues of security, of modularity, of
, and even of SeparateMechanismFromPolicy
(which is his goal in the first place!). You can't really specify
database the object accesses to get/set attribute data if you are to SeparateDataFromRepresentation
: a single runtime could have objects with components stored in over a dozen distributed databases.
You'd need to be more specific about the alleged downsides of
with regard to security, modularity, etc.
is not at all the same as
was not
mentioned above). When exposing the runtime engine, modularity gets violated whenever any programmer writes a module that peeks at the runtime engine and 'expects' certain features to be there that were really just 'implementation details' of another module (and thus creates a dependency on implementation details). And security is violated if details are exposed (even to the debugger) for which a user of the module/debugger was not authorized.
So knowledge is dangerous? This discussion is not really about
This discussion was
, yet it was brought it up as though I had listed some "alleged downsides" of it.
was at least brought up to help explain what
means by "
." And while knowledge can be dangerous if used, that conclusion cannot be reached by logical means using the statements in the above paragraph.
Note the I find some forms of "modularity" to be hard-chunking of concepts that should be relative. In other words,
view-based modularity
instead of a hard separation is a better goal.
"Modularity" requires that one can tear out a chunk of code (a module) and inject a new one (a different module). Modularity is intended to achieve both separation of policy and mechanism and a means to divide code ownership and construction issues. Thus it will necessarily be based on sharing a common interface and providing independence from implementation details (usually by hiding them). How does "view-based modularity" achieve this?
I suppose we need to clear up or fix our working definition of "modularity". Modularity is more than just component swappability in my book. For example, is also relates to a "work unit" for the purpose of
regardless of swappability.
Modules are often used as "work units", but they still need to be swappable. In particular, they need to be "modular" work units such that one can implement the details of that work unit without leaking the implementation details into other modules.
has this "book" full of
definitions; I no longer need to wonder why he can't communicate with anyone.
There is no formal tech definition body that defines things such as "module". It has always been a fuzzy concept. If I make a working definition, it is no more Humptying than your alternative definition. You can't just elect yourself Definition God on a whim. Thus, you are chomping on my ass without reason. --top
There is no formal and universally accepted definition of 'module'. But everything you just said is untrue, including your first sentence (because there ARE formal definitions of "module" - as you'll find in ML and Mozart and other languages - just not universally applicable ones). If you don't make a serious effort to remain consistent with the usage of the word "module" as it has been used in the past, then you very much are playing "
" more than me. And it also doesn't speak well for you that you'd prefer to immediately start
arguments about what "modularity" means "in your book" than attempting to communicate or understand what other people are saying.
It is hard to remain consistent with past usage when there is no consistent past usage. I honestly have not seen any. Swappability certainly isn't a major theme I've seen. And, I've seen others have arguments over its meaning even without me intervening. -top
There is consistent past usage. But I believe you when you say: "I honestly have not seen any." Because you're an idiot who thumbs his nose at established academia and who writes down deviant definitions "in his book" without ever looking for such commonalities.
So academic land is a more "valid" source of definitions than practitioner-land? By what scripture to you obtain this rule? Anyhow, if you spent this time defining CLEAR working definitions instead of insulting me, it wouldn't be an issue, and more civilized. --top
If you didn't start by diving into a
argument about what "modularity" means "in your book", this wouldn't have been an issue.
If modularity is composed of different features/attributes, such as swapability, grouping for
, division of labor, etc., then it may make modularity-related discussions clear, or at least more specific. If we can atomize concepts, let's do it. In fact I'll start one:
I also tend to believe that a hard separation of "implementation details" from interface is often problematic and will result in a
mess. In other words, implementation-versus-interface is also subject to
. This is because our software models are merely models, and which part of the model are more "modely" than the other can be difficult to objectively measure. For example, see
. (Yes, Toppie did indeed play the 'ol relativity card yet again.) --top
card, which requires one have inconsistent logic with only one truth value, only loses you points "in my book". And "modules" are fairly easy to measure regardless of all this other mumbo-jumbo your argument is resting upon. Interface vs. implementation is fairly easy: a module receives inputs and produces outputs via its "interfaces" (interfaces are points of communication) and has
over the mechanism to produce outputs after receiving inputs (implementation implies control). A module cannot control how outputs will be used or which inputs it is going to receive. --
Everything has inputs and outputs. It's just that some are harder to detect or keep track of than others. And please, don't take us back into the "for the purpose of" hand-waving clause. --top
Then don't lay down that '
' hand-waving clause. And since you're again making ridiculous claims: what inputs and outputs does an HTML document (one already saved to file or serialized to wire) have?
You are the hand-waver, not me, because you pretend rigor exists where it doesn't. Anyhow, the "output" of HTML is usually the screen image. --top
I've never seen HTML "output" a screen image. Don't get me wrong: I've seen a
web browser
process HTML to produce a screen image. But I've never seen HTML do such a thing. You need to learn to make some distinctions.
And C cannot produce output either without the assistance of compilers and chips. Your "stand-alone" criteria is unrealistic. -top
Unrealistic? Not at all. That is why I don't say that "C" produces output, but rather that "a function" or "a procedure" or "a compiler/interpreter" does something, and why I refer to "type descriptors" as distinct from "types", and "procedures" as distinct from "procedure descriptions".
has procedure descriptions and they only become "procedures" when properly interpreted. I make distinctions. Your unwillingness to do so leaves you mentally crippled.
Distinction between vague and fuzzy? You are talking riddled nonsense and trying to deflect your problem back to me. Come back when you WANT to be clear and WANT to clean your verbal diarrhea. If all you want to do is insult, then I want no part of your grumpy ass. --top
Distinctions between map and territory, between representation and the real thing, between the message and the interpretation, between HTML and its application. You admit to an appalling lack of education and unwillingness to self-educate. You shouldn't blame that on others. And since you seem to be in the mood to give "come back when" orders you can't enforce, I'll return one of my own: go throw your tantrum somewhere else.
Your education claim is likely a bluff for one too lazy to present a solid textual argument. And, there is no "real territory" in software. It's all a fake model. --top
And this coming from someone who claims HTML displays itself to a screen without any external motivating force. Sigh. Believe what you want - useless, pitiable, and illogical as it may be.
Not any more or less than a C "print()" statement needs assistance. This could have been an interesting philosophical discussion. Instead, you turned it into a bash-the-practitioner-and-hug-ivory-towers session. -t
This could have been an interesting philosophical discussion. Then
decided to toss logic and reason (and distinctions) out the window and call himself a "practitioner" as though nobody else can claim the title.
Logic, my ass. If you had real logic, you'd present it in a geometry-proof-like style with givens etc. and it would be clear to all that Toppie is wrong. You can't because you are an empty biased windbag. --top
I can't make it clear to all that Toppie is wrong because 'Toppie' is in the set described as 'all' and he does not pay attention to logic. And he'd rather wave his hands and enter
rabbit holes than ever return to the original arguments. You said:
has inputs and outputs. As stated, that includes things that are not processes, such as static files, views, comments, types, and half-formed ideas. I mentioned, specifically, static HTML files and asked what the output is. You gave an answer that is obviously wrong to everyone... everyone but the irrational ignoramus that gave the answer.
"obviously wrong to everybody" is
. That is not good enough around here, even if true (you presented no decent surveys). If there is a "hard" distinction between HTML and a print statement that fits into a nice rule(s), lets see them. I doubt there is a hard distinction (unless you arbitrarily make one up). Clarify your thoughts instead of using feelings and notions. --top
Neither HTML in a static file nor a print statement sitting in a static C file produces an output. That you even brought it up as an attempted counter-argument just proved the point: you utterly fail to make relevant distinctions, and you aren't interested in learning any different. Tell me the next time a print() statement that is sitting in a static C file has an output.
Please clarify. Why am I obligated to make distinctions? Does somebody else want to give it a whirl? I don't know what he/she/it is talking about.
"Why should I make relevant distinctions?" Maybe because they are relevant. "Why are they relevant?" Distinctions are relevant because properties of distinguished things often follow predictable, but distinct, patterns. "Why does that matter?" Because identifying these patterns and applying them towards prediction is the very basis for reason, logic, models, and even communication itself. "But why am
obligated to make distinctions?" Because, on any intellectual forum, including
, you are obligated to apply that brain of yours towards logic and reason
you speak. If you refuse to make distinctions, you also give up your right to speak on this forum. See also:
You are meandering. I cannot identify any "key" differences between an HTML "HR" tag and a C "print()" statement with text or printer codes. I can identify tendencies, but those are not good enough. If your argument depends on a definite distinction, then YOU are obligated to establish that distinction. Why is that so hard? I'm NOT claiming they are the same. I am only pointing out nobody has proven a hard difference exists. Thus
does not apply to me. I'm just saying, "Hey, there's no real evidence Santa exists". That is NOT the same as claiming Santa doesn't exist. --top
There are useful and powerful distinctions between static files, the interpreter for those files, and the interpretation of those files. I've made these distinctions and doing so isn't hard at all. Communicating them to you, who refuses to be educated, who refuses to self-educate, and who refuses to make distinctions because they undermine his whole fallacious way of thinking, is what one might describe as "so hard". And your "everything has inputs and outputs" argument is NOT analogous to "Hey, there's no real evidence that Santa exists." No, it's much more analogous to "Everything is Santa!". Your argument doesn't make much sense until you close your eyes, wave your hands, say "
" in a repeated and slow mantra, and start refusing to make distinctions. (And an HTML document is not any more or less Santa than a 'print()' statement in C. Can you deny this?)
Your reply is incoherent.
Is it possible you are thinking of something other than "modularity"? I did mention views above (
"Doing so would allow objects to essentially be 'views' (potentially updateable views) of a database [...]"
How about a code-based demonstration.
How does one give a code-based demonstration of: "I did mention views above" or "Is it possible you are thinking of something other than 'modularity'?"
Of objects being views of a database.
I'll consider doing so if someone towards whom I have at least one ounce of good will is interested.
I expect you to consider me sinister and/or stupid forever and ever, thus it doesn't look like we'll ever get an example.
Someone else could always ask. Or you could earn an ounce of good will - you manage it on occasion.
'Probably some bastard who shares your convoluted pet tech.
Actually, everyone starts with good will from me. But you've abused yours with your snide comments, trolling, childish tantrums, arrogant "in my book" injections, and repeated fallacy on an intellectual forum that implicitly demands careful thinking and professional decorum.
You are projecting. I don't insult first and I
(at least before all hell breaks loose). I am a good boy overall. --top
You tell untruths to yourself and everyone else about what you do. You might think you are a good boy, but that's because you are quite biased. You may think you don't insult first, but that's because you have an immature concept of 'insult' and fail to recognize how insulting and rude you actually are.
Some/one of you are overly sensitive to behaviors that wouldn't upset normal humans; an unpredictable, and frankly weird, moral system.
And you may think you
, but I've
seen it from you: your usual 'criticism' amounts to "Naive, my ass" or "Logic, my ass", something along those lines. Not that anyone can change your hyper-inflated opinion of yourself, what with your 'everyone's against me, I'm just like Galileo' complex. Ignorance truly is bliss for you, isn't it?
I only use those names only if somebody else shoots first. If they insult me, I have a right to insult back. Do I need to hilite the insults in the future so that its clear that I didn't shoot first???? The Galileo thing was just having some fun. Stop blowing it out of proportion. You can be Napoleon for a day if you want, okay? --top
I saw you use "Naive, my ass" as a response to the first line of a topic just the other day, and
nobody was insulting you
. If you weren't such an ignoramus who actually believes the untruths he says, I'd really think you a liar right now.
Somebody has been using "fear" repeatedly as a reason why others don't accept their pet techniques. Plus, "naive". I find that insultive and that's what I was retaliating for. Doing X out of "fear" implies irrational motivations. Granted, I may have over-reacted, launching a 50 megaton insult to counter a 10 megaton insult, but technically it's still a response to an insult. I will admit I overreacted, but I didn't violate my rule. --top
So you admit, clearly, in the above paragraph, that people violating your sense of what constitutes good argument ethics is (by your almost-a-word)
(insulting). And you call people who feel the same way (in your words):
"overly sensitive to behaviors that wouldn't upset normal humans; an unpredictable, and frankly weird, moral system"
. Well, how's that for frakkin' hypocrisy?
, including morals. But I believe my rules to be more mainstream. I try to adopt
. Further, I will admit if I overreact. You instead try to justify your error through convoluted logic.
I don't attempt to justify my insults, but I won't apologize for them... because I don't think I'm overreacting. Overreacting would be to hunt you down and slash your tires. Reacting properly for much of your behavior would be a
One can use a separate table(s) or attribute to provide a virtual grouping without changing the original info; and have multiple orthogonal groupings that don't conflict with each other. Attribute-handling math is generally easier than behavioral math. --top
I wish I had not asked --
In response to the bar conversation above, I can resolve your differences. I sentence you to collaboration in development for more than six months. Eventually you will see the basics upon which you agree. All peer reviews will be filmed to provide enlightenment and entertainment to many of us. (Not to exclude those of us who need no enlightenment)
Make sure you take out good insurance on such an office building.
View edit of
July 9, 2010
with title or text search


text:
We open up our Apple iPad 2 and take a look inside.
As ever, PC Advisor's sister title Macworld UK was amongst the first to get a new Apple iPad 2 by importing one directly from the US to the UK. And lucky we were too as it looks like there is now a three to four week waiting list.
Our iPad has just landed in the office, a few days after being flown in direct from San Francisco (before we go any further: thanks to Jim Galbraith from Macworld.com for picking one up for us from the Apple Store, and Jason Snell for helping out with organising it.)
Come with us as we unbox the iPad 2.
1. The Box. Smaller and thinner than the original Apple iPad box, but still with the minimalist markings that come to signify an Apple product. Doesn't even say iPad on the front, just has an image of the device taken from the side (to show how thin it is).
2.The rear. Nothing but a few specs and the barcode.
3.Off with the lid. Inside is the iPad 2 inside a plastic wrapping.
4. Below the iPad. Underneath the iPad 2 sits the charger and cable, plus a few leaflets.
5. Off with the wrapping. Removing the protective plastic that covers the unit.
6. Check out the contents. Interestingly there is no micro-fibre cloth included (the Smart Cover fulfills the same function). Inside is a few Apple stickers, an instruction pamphlet, and the warranty information.
7. Removing the SIM. We picked up a 3G model from the US, which comes with an AT&T card (now located at the top left of the device). It's still removed using the included SIM card device (or by using a paperclip).
8. Using a UK SIM Card. We inserted a Three SIM card from our iPad. (Yes it works fine. Even though the US model is branded AT&T and comes with an AT&T SIM it is unlocked).
9. Side by Side. Putting the new iPad 2 next to the original iPad shows how much thinner it is.
10. On to the case. The box for the Smart Cover is a little more explanitory. The front shows just the case but the rear has plenty of explaination.
11. The case outside of the box. Not much in the way of packaging. Just the case itself inside the box.
12. Clipped on to the iPad 2. The Smart Cover clicks on to the side and switches on the iPad 2 (which is suggesting here that it'd like to be setup). That's what we're going to do now.
If any readers have questions about using or importing an iPad 2 from the US and using it in the UK let us know in the comments box and we'll be sure to post updates.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
An enticing blend: a few parts food, a few parts travel, one part history, a part or two of art, and a dash of nature.
Wednesday, July 15, 2009
Afternoon Tea in the Laboratory: a Scientific Paper about Brewing Tea
So I dove into the U.C. Berkeley library and found a few very interesting articles that helped answer my questions. Over a series of posts, I'll be reviewing some of the papers that I found. The first one is the least theoretical, containing not a single equation. Written by five researchers from Unilever (owner of Lipton), Factors Affecting the Caffeine and Polyphenol Contents of Black and Green Tea Infusions was published in 2001 in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
All tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant. There are two main variants, C. sinensis var. sinensis (also known as the China type) and C. sinensis var. assamica (also known as the Assam type). The Peet's website states that China tea is primarily grown in China, Taiwan, Japan, and parts of Darjeeling (India). Assam is grown pretty much everywhere else. In general, the Assam type contains about more caffeine, with the difference depending on the source of the tea (how it was grown, where it was grown, etc.).
Afternoon Tea in the Laboratory
The authors brewed numerous cups of tea (or, more likely, flasks of tea), using a variety of brewing durations, tea leaf sizes, tea bag sizes, and a few other changes, then performed chemical analysis of the resulting brew. Brewing the tea for 30 seconds extracted about 33% of the total caffeine from the tea leaves, a 60 second brew extracted 50%, a 120 second brew extracted 73%, and a 300 second brew extracted about 91%. So doubling the brewing time from 30 to 60 seconds increased the caffeine content by almost 50%, but increasing the time by two-and-one-half times from 2 minutes to 5 minutes only increased the caffeine level by 25%. In other words, in the early moments of brewing, caffeine easily pours out of the tea leaves, but the rate slows significantly over time. (A future post will look at this subject in more detail.)
They next looked at how teabag design, leaf size, and agitation influence the quantity of soluble solids transferred to the water, but did not report caffeine measurements. I read the paper carefully without finding any indication of whether results obtained for soluble solids would be applicable to caffeine. Nonetheless, some of the results are interesting. Continuously dunking a teabag in hot water — as opposed to dropping it in and letting it sit — dramatically increased the soluble solids: by 500% for small leaves and by 213% for large leaves for a 4 minute brew. Whereas an agitated teabag filled with small leaves created a stronger cup of tea than one filled with large leaves (40% more soluble solids), the opposite effect was observed for an unagitated bag: large leaves made the tea stronger than small leaves (67% more soluble solids). Considering the size of the tea bag, a large bag mades a slightly stronger cup of tea (only 17% more solids).
To get the strongest brew — or, at least, the highest level of soluble solids — use loose leaves. For a four minute brew, loose leaves gave solids levels that were 25% to 50% higher than those from the most potent teabag. For example, a 4 minute brew provided a solids concentration of 5800 mg/L for loose small leaves versus only 4500 mg/L for dynamic brewing with a small-leaf-filled teabag. Although they didn't mention it in the article, I'm assuming that they didn't constrain their loose tea leaves in a metal cage or ball, which is probably not much better than a teabag in terms of letting water come in contact with the leaves.
Contact is Critical
For all of the results in the previous paragraph, it comes down to getting the water in contact with the leaves so that soluble compounds can diffuse into the water. Dunking the bag essentially forces water through the leaves while also moving the leaves around inside the bag, providing new areas for contact. A teabag limpidly soaking in the water is at the mercy of much weaker forces to bring the water and tea into contact. The paper has a technical description of the process that I won't subject you to here.
Black Teas are Fairly Consistent
At the conclusion of the article, the authors present data for eight black teas and fifteen green teas, all in teabags, brewed according to the instructions on the package. Of course, not all tea bags had the same shape or quantity of tea inside, so instead of being a valid brand-to-brand comparison, the results give a rough survey of what you'd find on the shelf at the market.
The figure below shows the caffeine results for the black tea varieties (arranged in no particular order). The dashed vertical line is the mean of the results. Although most of the teas lie close to the mean, one variety had a much higher caffeine level (PG Tips), and one a much lower level (Co-op 99). I suspect, however, that the tea for each of the manufacturers changes during the year, perhaps because of slightly different sourcing or other factors, so the bars might move around.
Wide Variation in Caffeine from Green Teas
The figure below shows the results for the green teas (because I don't want to type in the green tea brands, I've labeled them as A through O.) The range is quite amazing, from 40 mg/L to 200 mg/L, with a few a good distance from the mean (indicated by a vertical dashed line). If we were to assume that the tested green teabags are a representative sample of the population, and that one were to follow the instructions on the box, it would mean that there is a 20% chance that the caffeine level will be 40% or more above the mean, and a 20% chance that the caffeine level is 50% below the mean. At the higher end, there is even some overlap with the black teas.
To sum up some of the findings in the article by the Unilever researchers, to get the most from your tea, use a loose leaf variety. If you must use a tea bag, agitate it in the water to allow the most contact between water and the leaves. Caffeine levels that can be obtained from different brands of teabags can vary significantly.
The full citation for the article: "Factors Affecting the Caffeine and Polyphenol Contents of Black and Green Tea Infusions," by Conrad Astill, Mark R. Birch, Clive Dacombe, Philip G. Humphrey, and Philip T. Martin, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49 (11), 5340-5347, DOI: 10.1021/jf010759+
Photo of tea fields in Longjing, China from tzejen's flickr collection, subject to a Creative Commons License.
Random link from the archive: Farm Tour: Growing Mushrooms
Technorati tags: tea : caffeine
3 comments:
- Crash said...
Some decaf tea is made by brewing for 30 seconds, then re-drying the tea and selling it. Supposedly, only 5% of the caffeine remains.
Green tea should be brewed with water far less than boiling, about 150-175 degrees F. Cooler, the flavor is not extracted, hotter, the flavor is lost. Some green teas should be brewed for as little as 30 seconds, mostly Japanese green teas.
Black tea needs boiling water in a preheated cup or pot for 3-5 minutes.
Black and green tea each have their own different health benefits.
The caffeine in tea speeds you up. This is counterbalanced by theonine, which slows you down. Different effect than coffee. This is why the ancient monks drank tea, so they could stay awake while meditating, but not be jittery. This calm awakeness is called the 'tea experience.'
- Jason Witt said...
Awesome post. In the tea community online there's plenty of talk about the truth of caffeine in tea. Those in the know realize it's hard to pin down caffeine content to anything specific of different kinds of tea, especially with green tea, as shown here. And I've heard more than once that Assam has more caffeine than other black teas but this shows that isn't necessarily true. --Spirituality of Tea
Excellent gathering of information here. I really appreciate this! We've been discussing different caffeine levels and ways to brew, and the papers you gathered were perfect for us to read over and geek out!


text:
Psychological Assessment of Adults Seeking Orthodontic Treatment
The recruitment status of this study is unknown because the information has not been verified recently.
Verified October 2011 by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven.
Recruitment status was Not yet recruiting
Recruitment status was Not yet recruiting
Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 16, 2011
Last updated: November 18, 2011
Last verified: October 2011
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study is not yet open for participant recruitment.
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|No date given
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|November 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)


text:
Glossary of stem cell terms
Adipogenesis: A fat cell develops as internally produced lipid droplets coalesce into a single large mass.
Adult stem cells: Any cell in a developed organism that can divide and create another cell like itself or divide and create a cell that is more differentiated than itself.
Androgenones: Paternally-derived genome.
Aneuploid: Having an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Asymetric cell division: Type of cell division distinctive to stem cells. The cell divides into two cells that are different-one a stem cell like its parent, the other a more mature cell.
Autocrine signaling: Signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to a cell surface receptor on the same cell that produced it.
B Cell: A lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) derived from stem cells in the bone marrow. Each B Cell has a unique set of receptor molecules on its surface designed to recognize a specific antigen(substances, usually protein, that the body regards as foreign).
Biotinylation: The attachment of biotin to chemical sites can be used to study various processes including protein interactions and DNA transcription.C-terminus/N-terminus: On a protein or polypeptide. One end of the amino acid chain that ends in a free carboxyl group. The end of the chain that ends in an amine group. N-terminus contains contains targeting signals and C-terminus contains retention signals for protein sorting.
Blastocyst: The early human embryo consisting of about 100 cells. It has a fluid-filled cavity, an internal cluster of cells called the inner cell mass and an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast.
Blastomere: Name of the cells produced during the early division of the egg after fertilization.
Cell passaging: In order to grow cells for extended periods scientists passage or split groups up. In the case of embryonic stem cells, passaging helps to keep the cells in their primitive state.
Chromatin: The complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes. The major proteins involved in chromatin are histones. The functions of chromatin are to package DNA into smaller volume to fit into the cell, to strengthen DNA, to allow mitosis and meiosis and to serve as a mechanism to control expression. Changes in chromatin structure are affected mainly by methylation (DNA and proteins) and acetylation (proteins).
Chromosome synapsis: Close side-by-side position of homologous chromosomes before cell division. In synapsis the homologous chromosome pairs join.
Culture medium: The nutrient material in which cells are grown in a lab dish.
Cytokine: Soluble factor secreted by cells of the lymphoid system that signals other cells in the system.
Cytoplasm: The insides of the cell. These jelly-like parts are enclosed by the plasma membrane and contain different compartments like the nucleus or mitochondria..
Dendritic cells: Immune cells. Part of the immune system. They process antigen material and present it on the surface to other immune system cells.
Diapause: A period of suspended growth and devopment requiring very specific conditions to trigger it and then to release the organism from it. Embryonic diapause is also known as "delayed implanatation." There is a cessation of metabolic activity.
Differentiation: The process a cell or tissue goes through as it develops and becomes more specialized-for example an embryonic stem cell developing into an endodermal cell and then a pancreatic cell.
Dimer: A chemical or biological entity consisting of two subunits, monomers, held together by intramolecular forces.
Dimerise is when one compound physically interacts with another.
Diploid: Nucleus, cell or organism with twice the number of chromosomes, all cells except sperm and egg: one set chromosomes from mom, one from dad.
DNA methylation: A chemical modification that is an essential part of development.
Dystrophin: This is a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. A deficiency of dystrophin is one of the main causes of muscular dystrophy
Ectoderm: The external layer of cells that eventually develops into the epidermis and nervous system.
Embryo: The product of a fertilized egg, from the zygote to the fetal stage.
Embryoid bodies: A preliminary step that generates random cell differentiation. Spherical colonies of embryonic stem cells seen only in culture and containing cells of all three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Once these cells have aggregated they begin to differentiate.
Embryonal carcinoma: One of several types of testicular or ovarian germ cell tumors. It forms from a malignant germ cell tumor and is essentially a reproductive cell gone out of control.
Embryonic stem cell: A cell cultured from the inner cell mass of the developing blastocyst. They can survive and expand in culture indefinitely. They can also develop into any of the more than 200 cells in the human body.
Endoderm: The internal layer of cells that develops into the gut and digestive glands.
Epiblast: Tissue type derived from the inner cell mass.
Epigenetics: Changes in gene expression that are stable between cell divisions and do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. The idea is that environmental factors can cause an organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently, even though the genes themselves don't change. [2] The molecular basis of epigenetics involves modifications to DNA and the chromatin proteins that associate with it.
Epithelial: Closely packed cells covering the outer surfaces of the body and the walls of internal cavities. Functions include protective and absorbtive roles.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Program of development characterized by loss of cell adhesion, repression of E-Cadherin expression and increased cell mobility. This process is essential for mesoderm formation and neural tube formation.
Eukaryotic: organism consisting of cells with genetic material contained in the nucleus.
Gamete: A reproductive cell that fuses with another reproductive cell to form a zygote.
Gastrulation: Phase after blastocyst, when you see formation of germ layers and events that lead to the formation of the future embryo.
Genomic (parental) imprinting: A genetic phenomenon that occurs in the gametes before fertilization. Some genes can be silenced or imprinted in the male and not the female gamete; others can be imprinted in the female and not the male gamete. Imprinted genes are either expressed only from the chromosome inherited from the mother or from the chromosome inherited from the father, but not both as usual.
Germ cells: The progenitors of gametes, they move through the gut to the developing gonads and undergo meitotic proliferation (cell division), meiosis and differentiation into egg or sperm.
Germ layers: The layers of cells in an animal embryo from which the organs form.
Germline: The line or sequence of germ cells that contain genetic material that can be passed on to children. Sperm and eggs are part of the germline.
Germline stem cells: Stem cells that give rise to gametes. They are found in children and in adults.
Gynogenones: maternally-derived genome.
Helicase: A class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. Helicases are often utilized to separate strands of a DNA double helix.
Hemangioblast: This is a multipotent cell, a common precursor to hematopoietic and endothelial cells.
Hematopoietic stem cells: These are the cells that make red blood and white blood cells and platelets.
Hemizygous: A genetic term that describes people who have only one copy of a chromosome pair rather than the usual two.
Hemoglobin: iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Heterodimer: When two different molecules are held together.
Histones: Proteins associated with DNA in plants and animals that are implicated in DNA structure and gene expression.
Homeotic genes: A class of genes that play a role in early development.
Homodimer: When two identical molecules are held together.
Homologous chromosomes: Chromosomes having the same pattern of genes.
Inner cell mass: A cluster of cells along the inner wall of the blastocyst.
Macrophages: Large cell that engulfs and ingests pathogenic organisms. Part of the body's immune system.
Meiosis: An essential process in reproduction in which the number of chromosomes in a cell is cut in half.
Meitotic prophase: Part of the process of cell division. Chromosomes line up along the spindle in homologous pairs.
Mesenchymal stem cells: Cells coming from the non-blood forming regions of bone marrow. They are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers.
Mesoangioblast: This is a mesenchymal-like cell, associated with the walls of the large vessels. Mesoangioblasts exhibit many similarities to pericytes found in the small vessels. Mesoangioblasts are relatively undifferentiated cells with the potential to progress down the endothelial or mesodermal lineages.
Mesoderm: The layer of cells between the ectoderm and endoderm. These cells develop into the muscles, circulatory system and in vertebrates, the skeleton.MicroRNA: In genetics, microRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21–23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression.
Morula: early mammalian embryo, resembling a mulberry, a solid ball of cells.
Myeloid precursor cell: myeloid-committed stem cells in the spleen which replenish mature myeloid lineage (tissue within the bone marrow that produces blood cells). These are basically precursor blood cells.
Myoblast: This is a kind of stem cell found in muscle.When they fuse together they can form skeletal muscle fibers, which help us move.
Myogenic: Originating in or able to form in muscle cells.
Non-coding RNA: A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is any RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. A previously used synonym, particularly with bacteria, was small RNA (sRNA).
Nucleolus: A small dense round body within the non-dividing nucleus of eukaryotic cells plays an important role in ribosome manufacture and by extension protein synthesis.
Nucleosomes: The fundamental repeating unit of eukaryotic chromatin.
Nucleotide: Structural units of DNA and RNA and play a role in cellular signaling and metabolism. These organic compounds consist of joined structures: a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
Nucleus: Membrane-enclosed part of cell that contains most of the genetic material.
Organogenesis: This is the process by which organs are formed from cells in the three germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.
Osteogenesis: The process of laying down new bone material by osteoblasts
Paracrine regulator: A cell from a group that produces amines or peptides.
Paracrine signaling: Cell signaling in which the cell being signaled is close to the cell doing the signaling.
Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism. They are determined by its genes and interaction of those genes with the environment.
Pleiotropic: When a single gene influences multiple traits.
Ploidy: The number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a biological cell. In humans, most cells are diploid; that is they contain one set of chromosomes from each parent.
Polymorphisms: These occur in biology when two or more different phenotypes exist in the same species, where the rare form occurs at least 1% of the time.
Primordial germ cells: These cells give rise to spermatazoa or oocytes. They are also known as precursor germ cells or gonocytes.
Progenitor cells: These cells have the capacity to differentiate to specific types of cells. They are more specific than stem cells.
Proteome: The entire complement of proteins synthesized by a cell or organism at a given time.
Quiescence: The state of a cell when it is not dividing.
Rapamycin: An antibiotic that blocks a protein involved in cell division and inhibits the growth and function of certain T cells of the immune system.
RNA polymerase: This is an enzyme that makes an RNA copy of a DNA. In cells, these construct RNA chains from DNA genes in a process called transcription.
Satellite cells: Small mononuclear progenitor cells with virtually no cytoplasm found in mature muscle.
Secretagogue: A substance that causes another substance to be secreted.
Senescence: The phenomenon in which a normal diploid cell loses the ability to divide after about 50 cell divisions.
Sertoli cells: They line the seminiferous tubes in the testes. These cells nurture the developing sperm cells.
Southern blotting: A chromatographic technique for isolating and identifying specific fragments of DNA.
Stromal Cells: The connective tissue cells of an organ. Fibroblasts, immune cells, pericytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells are the most common types of stromal cells. The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression.
T Cell: Derived from the bone marrow, these cells are principal agents of cell-mediated immunity. Different subpopulations of these cells play different roles in the immune response. Helper T Cells, for example, recognize foreign antigens.
Telomerase: An enzyme active in cancer and actively-dividing cells.
Teratocarcinoma: An old name for a germ cell tumor that is a mixture of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. In more modern usage, this kind of mixed germ cell tumor may be known as a teratoma with elements of embryonal carcinoma, or simply as an embryonal carcinoma.
Teratoma: A teratoma is a type of neoplasm (abnormal mass of tissue). "Teratoma" comes from Greek and means roughly "monstrous tumor". A teratoma is a tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of all three germ layers. Rarely, not all three germ layers are identifiable. Teratomas have been reported to contain hair, teeth, bone and very rarely more complex organs such as eyeball, torso, and hand. Usually, however, a teratoma will contain no organs but rather one or more tissues normally found in organs such as the brain, thyroid, liver, and lung.
Thymocytes: These are precursor T Cells which develop in the Thymus (located in upper part of chest cavity, produces hormones that stimulate production of infection-fighting cells). The Thymocytes develop into a pool of T Cells able to respond to foreign pathogens.
Transcription: transferring of genetic code via mRNA.
Transcription factors: a group of proteins that regulate gene activity by increasing or decreasing the binding of RNA polymerases to DNA. Transcription factors are part of the system that controls the transfer (or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to RNA.
Transfection: Introduction of foreign material into eukaryotic cell by altering the cytoplasmic membrane.
Transgene: A gene taken from one organism and inserted into another.
Translation: Process in cells in which genetic information encoded in messenger RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. Translation takes place outside of the nucleus.
Trophectoderm: The cell layer from which the trophoblast differentiates.
Trophoblast: Thin outer layer surrounding the embryo, attaches the fertilized ovum to the wall of womb and absorbs nutrients.
Zona Pellucida: glycoprotein membrane which surrounds the plasma membrane of an oocyte.
Zygote: The cell that results from fertilization between the ovum from a female and the sperm cell from a male.
Cell characteristics
Totipotent: Stem cells produced from the fusion of an egg and sperm cell. The first few cell divisions of the fertilized egg. They can develop into embryonic and extraembryonic cell types.
Pluripotent: Decendants of the totipotent cells can differentiate into cells from any of the three germ layers.
Multipotent: Can produce only cells of a closely-related family of cells (for example hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets).
Unipotent: Cells that can self-renew but only produce one cell type. It's self-renewal that distinguishes them from non-stem cells.
Information for this glossary was compiled from "Oxford Dictionary of Science," "Oxford Dictionary of Biology," "Stem Cell Now," by Christopher Thomas Scott and Wikipedia. Karim Si-Tayeb, a scientist at the Medical College of Wisconsin, checked the definitions for accuracy.


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Australia...we live inverted.
Joined May 2008
5,409 Posts
Already read that story in a+b thread....bummer. Was considering doing upgrade but 4#3B seems so much better exept poss the gearing. People seem unsure on gears. Presumed Rossi would do that he said " dont think I'll stock 4#3 Fm too small and difficult" back in September 07 look at his parts for this now! He'll come around. By the way last main motor I got from him about 2 weeks ago was longer can version. Got my 4#3 to a point off hands off 5sec or so with flat paddles. So far Spain spring mod on mainshaft, spring on anti rotation, piano flybar (68mm), larger paddles (mine is one of the early small paddle version, better cg battery frame (from Terrance), solid brass 1.5mm rod flybar pivot (trickiest of all) alieron servo moved closer to mainshaft and braces rubber bands from swash to servo horn to reduce play. I fly 2nd servo hole out and nose in is pretty good. Currently trying tail first circuits. Have a Gaui 200 and this 4#3 is my trainer to stop me smashing up the Gaui..that would suck. Cant wait for the 4#3B. What are absoloute nessessary mods if any for the 4#3B. Is there a consences yet! haha
Open the box,Tighten the main blades up a bit,But be carefull the screws in the blades are not good like the V1 is.
I wound the front link one turn in.
Then gave her a go.
At first I was a bit radical,but I sat it down and wound the expo pot back to minimum and although I need to hang off the sticks.It is awsome.
You can literally hover in a 2 inch area.
The first thing you will notice is the lack of noise.
Maybe we should offer Rossi a test flight to make him stock them and parts.
I put the spring around the anti rotation bracket,but took it off,you don't need to mod it at all.
You will love it
Australia...we live inverted.
Joined May 2008
5,409 Posts
Thanks Jason
I am waiting impatiently for delivery. Ehirobo has shipped it yesterday (ordered Tue 7pm) so fingers crossed will be here soon. If blade screws are crap they are probably not high tensile like the V1's are (presume so as they are black). Will V1 screws fit. B's screws locate into aluminium don't they which is why they may break as they would be fine metal thread not coarse thread like V1. They may be designed to absorb shock by bending with super crash like Gauis are but I haven't heard of people bending them. Going to linish 3mm carbon tube (smallest avail at LHS) down to 2.6mm for press fit tail boom tonight sick of 2.5 mm getting twisty due to set screw. Will prob do to B as well.
Portland,Oregon U.S.A.
Joined Sep 2007
5,141 Posts
used some v1 blade screws-the bit into the alu better-
they are 1-3mm too long though-works fine-just not as asthetically pleasing
I am going to get slightly smaller diameter steel or brass boom and dip in my liquid electric tape to make nice pressure fitted boom
smaller diameter should offset any weight gain
I use magnet wires on tail anyway, so narrower boom is ok
that might be a good forgotten mod!
tip of the day:
first time you change your tail/boom replace stock wires with magnet wire
stock wire will partially break in boom on bad crash -even if boom doesnt break, can give hard to find problems with tail
makes your tail even more worry free
whole tail is only part walkera didnt improve in some way between v1 and v2
wish they had!
Australia...we live inverted.
Joined May 2008
5,409 Posts
Tried al tube inserts a few days ago in standard boom but wires didn't fit and press fit was too tight ended up splitting boom on trial fit so fitted old shorter boom (-6mm) for now. Tried alu boom not so long ago.. not as strong sideways but good torsionally. Want rock solid cf boom (dreaming) without opening frame mount out. Whats the story with mag wire? It is lighter but why is it stronger? Is it avail at elec stores described as magnet wire? Saw stuff that had epoxy coating for insulation instead of std rubber is that the stuff? Normal solder to plug wires and tail wires or new virgin plug and crimp? As you can see concentrating on sorting tail before it arrives!!
Portland,Oregon U.S.A.
Joined Sep 2007
5,141 Posts
multi strand can partially break in a crash and only get part of the power you should-has happened a few times to me!
got 4 different guages at radio shack for under $5
soldered old tail wire conn. on to it
alu booms are ok and cheap- my lhs has one that is exact diameter of 4#3 boom-$2 for 8-10 booms isnt bad
once they bend you can bend back for smooth flight- but will eventually be s shaped
I dream of a solid boom too
marios is great-but want smaller heli
think harder materiel in smaller dia. is best route-then if pressure fitted -wont bend in crash as easily
Portland,Oregon U.S.A.
Joined Sep 2007
5,141 Posts
I was amazed how well my tail held for first 200 flights are so-even when I went bl -didnt even need to trim the tail!
best way I know to help tail, especially on a new heli you dont want to operate on it right away, is to take off set screw on each end of boom, and drill a divet in the boom.
then when you put screws back in, they have somewhere to hold boom -rather than applying pressure to crack it
if it starts to wear, turn boom 90 degees and realign tail
spinning the boom to keep it whole is another old trick!
(all of 8 months!)
Australia...we live inverted.
Joined May 2008
5,409 Posts
Read of someone using stainless hypordermic needle tube as tail boom and a 1mm version for flybar (hollow too). That was material I wanted but difficult to find (like the braces rubber bands I use to remove slop between servo horn and swash had to buy from dentist!). Stain tube would have been sweet on V1 esp for the flybar. Wont need flybar change on B it seems. Only wonder if we take all flex (shock resistance) out of boom will we break mount and cause larger problem. Ca trick on original boom works well but time consuming (and heli's aren't!) and strengthens as well trying to avoid set screw completely . By the way 2.59-2.6mm is good thickness for fit in V1. Trying to find the link for the compatible parts V1 and B from German site cause no parts in Aus yet besides complete head.
I found the reason I keep stripping the blade screws without the blades being tight is because on mine,Both top and bottom of the blade holder are threaded.So that means that the blade holders cant squeeze together unless the top bladeholder loses its thread,but the screws eat their heads first,So I just got a 1mm drill and drilled the upper blade holder screw hole out.
Now I can tighten the blades properly.
Portland,Oregon U.S.A.
Joined Sep 2007
5,141 Posts
that chart is wrong in so many ways!
they share more parts then that seems to suggest
Hi Ampdraw,
I also ordered from the same place a week and a half ago and got mine today. It came out of the box with a broken main blade but 2 sets of spares (1 x 4#3B and 1 x original - maybe they saw the broken one and threw in the extra).
The tail pinion was binding - something I look for after my experience with my first V1. The plug for the charger was wrong too but I was kind of expecting that as it has happened to me before. I have a few others.
Apart from those slight teething probs I just nipped up the main blades a bit and off I went. What a difference out of the box compared to the V1. It took me ages to sort out my first one but the "B" flies like a dream. So smooth and quiet. Lots of smiles tonight.
Portland,Oregon U.S.A.
Joined Sep 2007
5,141 Posts
Australia...we live inverted.
Joined May 2008
5,409 Posts
Think you were in discussion with Jason and others about Ehirobo and others. If that is true it is prob your posts I calculated delivery time from. Looked at your ordered post and your I'm happy post. 9 days so I should see Wed next. Waiting patiently though... really. Will check all normal stuff when B arrives. Worst I can see for first timers is if indervidual wire ends weren't in plugs properly can you imagine the torment. Parcel arrives.....charge...plug in....puff of smoke...countless hours troubleshooting...finally new rec. Wouldn't that suck. Only positive out of that (for me atleast) they may leave hobby and not buy my 4G3!
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Area gymnasts to compete in NCAA Division I Regionals today
A pair of area gymnasts, Mercyhurst Prep graduate Marie Case and McDowell graduate Stephanie Stoicovy, will compete today in the National Collegiate Women's Gymnastics Championships.
Case, a junior, qualified with her Kent State team for the Tuscaloosa Regional, which will be hosted by Alabama starting at 7 p.m. The regional's team competition also will include Utah, Denver, Brigham Young and Iowa State.
Case won the all-around at the Mid-American Conference championships recently and was named MAC gymnast of the year for the second straight year. She won the award outright in 2012 and shared the award this year.
Stoicovy, a senior at George Washington, has qualified for the Gainesville Regional in the all-around as an individual. Florida will host the meet beginning at 6 p.m.
In addition, Minnesota, Auburn, Maryland, Bridgeport and Pittsburgh will compete as teams. Individuals from GW, Towson and William & Mary also will compete.
Before going to college, Case and Stoicovy were standouts at Lakettes Gymnastics Academy.


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Top Definition
Read The Fuckin' Question
My professor often replied "RTFQ" when students would ask him stupid questions during an exam.
ayon kay Jason ika-09 ng Enero, 2004
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
a phrase which simply means to 'read the fucking question'. Commonly used by drivers ed teachers, and probably other teachers.
Kid - "I dont understand number 13"
Teacher - "Well, why dont you RTFQ!"
Teacher - "Well, why dont you RTFQ!"
ayon kay RachRunzYou ika-24 ng Marso, 2008
Read the fucking quest. Used in world of warcraft when players in new zones, or in any zone ask for help with a quest when information is given already within quest dialogue.
Player- "Where is the location of "Western Hills Under attack"
"RTFQ n00b"
"RTFQ n00b"
ayon kay DarkSpoon ika-23 ng Enero, 2007


text:
His movie Brokeback Mountain has garnered a Golden Globe nod, but Jake Gyllenhaal says the most rewarding thing he got out of making the film in the wilds of Wyoming was "a real opportunity to get close to animals – horses and dogs and sheep. For a city boy, it was like 'Yeah!' "
Though the actor – who plays a ranch hand having a love affair with cowboy Heath Ledger – had had a "distant" relationship with animals in the past, being around so many four-legged friends inspired him to adopt his German shepherd mix, Atticus. "My dog has changed my life," he says. And he recently added a Puggle puppy to his brood. "He was too cute not to get."
Gyllenhaal has also spread his newfound love of all things furry to the rest of his family.
"Since this movie, my sister (Maggie Gyllenhaal) has gotten two cats and my parents have gotten three cats," he says proudly.
Lots of Goodies
R&B singer Ciara has a lot to be thankful this holiday season: several Grammy nominations (including one for best new artist), a double-platinum album (Goodies) and a just-wrapped tour with mom-to-be Gwen Stefani. "It's been fun – she's a sweet lady," says Ciara. "She's very down-to-earth. I met some of her friends and they've been great to me."
Besides her busy music career, Ciara – who dates rapper Bow Wow – is also trying her hand at acting: Next summer, she'll appear in the MTV movie All You've Got ("It's about what young people go through in high school," she says) alongside Napoleon Dynamite star Efren Ramirez. And working on her acting skills has made shooting videos easier. "It taught me about really living that character and being that girl."
Caught in the Act
Cameron Diaz, shopping at Chroma boutique in Miami's South Beach. The actress bought two red butterfly necklaces by jewelry designer Jennifer Zeuner.
Kirsten Dunst, dining at gourmet eatery Joan's on Third in Los Angeles. She ordered the steak salad and when the server didn't recognize her, she said in an annoyed tone, "You know me – I'm Kirsten."
By AMY LONGSDORF, JENNIFER ODELL and MAUREEN HARRINGTON
Jake's Puppy Love


text:
where winners sleep
You can probably envision the planning meeting at TripAdvisor now: "How can we tie all this World Cup buzz back to our brand?" Sure, they could've done something lame and expected, like a guide of places to stay and visit while in Brazil, oooor they could be super creative and devise a bracket system that predicts World Cup winners based on the ratings of the hotels the teams have historically stayed at. Awesome!!!
posted by Kristien Del Ferraro @ 8:10 AM
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text:
Last fall, when Mike Pardus and I were leaving Hudson Valley Farms the manager, Marcus Henley, tried to give us caps. But when he went to retrieve two caps from the storeroom he discovered that he had run out. Mike and I were properly disappointed, but since we had just toured one of the most responsibly run farms either of us had ever seen, understood that we had little cause to complain. Yet I still wanted that damn cap, if for no other reason that I wanted to be able to wear it around to arouse and alienate people who think that foie-gras farming is intrinsically evil.
Well, yesterday I was surprised and delighted to see a UPS box on my doorstep that proved to contain this marvelously stylish Hudson Valley Foie Gras cap. There was also a DVD of Tony Bourdain's "No Reservations" visit to the farm, a nice note from Marcus and a letter from the marketing director with lots of good news.
1) On February 11, 2008 Hudson Valley Farms became the first USDA approved "Cage Free" farm in the United States.Okay, now I'm going to go back to reading about how Monsanto spends 2 million dollars a day hunting down farmers who they suspect are saving their GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) seeds and otherwise infringing on their patent rights. Can you imagine that?
2) On March 6, 2008 The Maryland legislature rejected a proposed ban on foie gras.
3) On March 17, 2008 The New York State Supreme Court dismissed a suit brought by the Humane Society
of the United States who had alleged that foie gras was an "adulterated food product."
Farmers have been saving seeds for millenniums. But if they buy seeds from Monsanto they are compelled to sign an agreement that they will not harvest seeds from one crop in order to plant another. It wouldn't be so bad if Monsanto was not on the verge of becoming the leading producer of the world's seed crop. And Monsanto is as ruthless as a record company when it finds that someone is violating its terms of use policy.
Except that in Monsanto's case, its target could be the owner of a ten acre farm who just happened to be unlucky enough to have one of their investigators pay him a visit a week or so after a bird excreted a GMO seed onto his field.
I'm not fundamentally opposed to genetic engineering of foods, but I've got very little patience for businesses that attempt to monopolize an industry, and punish anyone who stands in their way. That's evil.


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Sailboaters should stay off the water during storms and periods of extremely high winds. They should also be aware of overhead power lines. Life jackets should be worn at all times.
Another type of sailing vessel, the sailboard (windsurfer) is a single or double-hulled boat with jointed mast (surfboard with a sail). Sailboard operators in Pennsylvania must wear a life jacket. Inflatable life jackets are not acceptable.


text:
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Does God Exist? Christian vs Atheist debate
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post #15
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 226
I think the reason this debate (as with many of this type) is going nowhere is you are both confusing theology with philosophy. The fallibility of the bible and the Christian religion has no impact on the debate about whether god exists.
I suppose if you could prove the bible was true then it would prove the existence of god, but that seems unlikely and in fact would kind of neuter the point of faith which is a central tenet of Christianity.
Indeed this is one of the big mistakes atheists like R Dawkins make. They think by showing how riddled with holes Christianity is they can disprove god. Well no actually all you have done is show the unlikelihood of a Christian God, or that if such a god existed he would not be worth worshipping.
On the other hand, offering an argument like the cosmological one (which has a number of flaws). Even if true does nothing to prove a Christian god. All it would do is show that the universe is not self creating. It is a hell of a leap from proving that something (energy is about all you might prove) caused the universe and saying that that energy spoke to Moses in the form of an incinerating shrub.
In response to the moral argument. Well, just because you are uncomfortable with the idea that morality is entirely subjective and dependent on the evolved values of a society is no reason to posit an omnipotent being. I'm afraid your discomfort with the idea of non-objective morals is no argument for god.
If you have a look at Leviathan by Hobbes or even some of Dawkins Selfish Gene work, or even Nietzsche's Geneology of Morality, there are plenty of good hypothesis for how we got our society's values without the need for a deity. I'm not saying I agree with any of those in particular just that your argument isn't really an argument.
It is much easier to show the holes in Christianity without arguing whether God exists or not and just show that if the Christian God did exist he doesn't seem worth worshipping. Personally I question why such a supposedly benevolent creature set up one intrinsically racist religion (Judaism) and another ( Christianity) claiming to offer salvation to mankind through its teachings knowing full well that these teachings would never reach millions of people who didn't happen to live in the area around Galilee circa 30AD.
How long was it before the only possible way to get into heaven reached Africa, or the native Americans or even large parts of Europe. For those people who died hundreds of years before these teachings arrive the Christian God basically said 'Ah bad luck well here's an eternity in hell/purgatory' – a just god then?
And you can do that with other things such as – Why was Jesus dying on the cross such a big sacrifice. Two things suggest plenty of people have sacrificed much more when they died than JC. First the thing that is truly daunting about death is the unknown, the terror that even if you believe in a religion deep down there is that thought that oblivion awaits on the other side. Now Jesus was the Son of God, he already knew what was on the other side so no daunting terror for him. Anyone of a thousand men or women who died for their faith made a much bigger sacrifice than JC.
Secondly he didn't even go through the whole crucifixion. Sure being nailed to a cross for days while you slowly drown in your own fluids is incredibly horrible and drawn out. Well JC got stabbed with a spear to ease his passing half way through. So even out of the people who were crucified that day, he suffered less.
Or how exactly do we have free will when God says sure you can do all of these things which I have given you urges for but you will end up burning for eternity etc. Or how egotistical is this being that we have to thank him for everything in our life whenever we sit down to eat or anything good, but he gets no flack when shit happens. Yes Justin Bieber everything might possibly happen for a reason but if it does then those reasons are undoubtedly F'ed up – ah yes the Holocaust was all part of Gods big plan. Well God that is a terrible plan, even I can figure out a way to show humanity that trying to wipe out a race of people (your own chosen people no less) is a bad idea without actually letting some genocidal maniac kill 6million of them.
Personally I like the couple of teaching Jesus really emphasised – The golden Rule is a fantastic philosophy. It's just all the crap Christians drag from other sources in the bible to justify their own prejudices that I have a problem with.
The actual is there a god isn't there one should really be a purely philosophical debate at the moment. Science offers a lot to the argument on both sides, as does logical reasoning – religion (theology) not so much.
Well back to something useful. Apologies for how long winded that was I get carried away.
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WASHINGTON — A 29-year-old contractor who claims to have worked at the National Security Agency and the CIA allowed himself to be revealed Sunday as the source of disclosures about the U.S. government's secret surveillance programs, risking prosecution by the U.S. government.
The leaks have reopened the post-Sept. 11 debate about privacy concerns versus heightened measures to protect against terrorist attacks, and led the NSA to ask the Justice Department to conduct a criminal investigation into the leaks.
The Guardian, the first paper to disclose the documents, said it was publishing the identity of Edward Snowden, a former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, at his own request.
"My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them," Snowden told the newspaper.
Stories in The Guardian and The Washington Post published over the last week revealed two surveillance programs, and both published interviews with Snowden on Sunday.
One of them is a phone records monitoring program in which the NSA gathers hundreds of millions of U.S. phone records each day, creating a database through which it can learn whether terror suspects have been in contact with people in the U.S.
Separately, an Internet scouring program, code-named PRISM, allows the NSA and FBI to tap directly into nine U.S. Internet companies to gather all Internet usage — audio, video, photographs, emails and searches.
Snowden said claims the programs are secure are not true.
"Any analyst at any time can target anyone. Any selector. Anywhere. Where those communications will be picked up depends on the range of those sensor networks and the authority that that analyst is empowered with," Snowden said, in accompanying video on the Guardian's website. "Not all analysts have the power to target anything. But I, sitting at my desk, had the authority to wiretap anyone, from you or your accountant to a federal judge to even the president if I had a personal email."
He told the Post that he would "ask for asylum from any countries that believe in free speech and oppose the victimization of global privacy" in an interview from Hong Kong, where he is staying.
"I'm not going to hide," Snowden told the Post. "Allowing the U.S. government to intimidate its people with threats of retaliation for revealing wrongdoing is contrary to the public interest."
FILE - In this June 6, 2013 file photo National Security Agency plaques are seen at the compound at Fort Meade, Md. The NSA was founded in 1952 but only publicly acknowledged years later, which explains its nickname ìNo Such Agency.î It includes the Central Security Service, the military arm of code breakers who work jointly with NSA. Visible from a main highway, the tightly guarded compound requires the highest of clearances to enter, and is equipped with various electronic means to ward off an attack by hackers. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky, File)×


text:
TOCA Race Driver 3
There's truth in that thing about the Jack-of-all-trades.
The racing nuts out there are bound to find something they like here. Race Driver 3 features more than 35 styles of racing, both on- and off-road. Wanna run in Formula One? It's there. Try your hand at a NASCAR-style oval-racing series? Gotcha covered. Is trundling over uneven terrain in a monster truck more your speed? Race Driver's got that, too. Heck, you can even take part in a full season of go-kart racing if you so desire.
One of the problems with all this variety, though, is that there's no great way to experience a wide range of racing styles. Playing through a season drops you into two or three races per series, which isn't nearly enough to appreciate all the different aspects of each competition, or to really get invested in season-long rivalries and point battles. By playing career mode, you do get to run a lengthier season in a particular series, but the downside there is that you lose the variety that's become a TOCA trademark.
All that is nitpicking, though. A much greater problem is holding Race Driver 3 back from greatness. Basically, it feels like the sheer variety of motor sports included in the game has come at the expense of a great physics engine, or time taken to really get every different series to feel right.
For example, while most of the open-wheel asphalt cars handle decently (although it's a bit too easy to spin out at high speeds), almost all the dirt-based racing series feel horrible -- quite ironic considering that Codemasters' Colin McRae franchise is one of the best rally racing games around. But in Race Driver 3, you feel like you're making almost no contact with the racing surface, rather than feeling the surface itself is just too slick for any real grip.
And then there's the Western-style racing series. To Codemasters' credit, it's wonderful that the company attempted to throw in stock car/sprint car oval racing. But it's completely broken. The cars don't feel heavy enough, and the race rules are just wrong. Who ever heard of a localized caution on a quarter-mile dirt oval?
The point is that TOCA 3, to use an awful cliché, has become a jack-of-all-trades and a master of none. Rather than having a handful of different cars that drive extremely well, you've got a bevy of different cars, 80 percent of which feature handling that's just this side of acceptable. The touring cars (which were the root of this series) are great; everything else is blah.
From a production standpoint, TOCA is fantastic. The graphics are top-notch, the online modes are much more than most would expect (especially on the PlayStation 2), and the story mode features a minimum of groan-inducing dialogue to get in the way of the racing action. If Codemasters can just concentrate on making each and every series drive as well as most of its standalone racing products do, the TOCA games will return to their former glory in the years to come. If that means cutting back on the different divisions offered within the game, so be it. As it stands, Race Driver 3 suffers from too much variety and not enough substance.
See all TOCA Race Driver 3 Reviews >
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- Racing
- Publisher:
- Codemasters
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- Codemasters
- ESRB Rating:
- Rating Pending
- Release Date:
- 02/21/2006
- Also Known As:
1UP Editor Score: C+
Average Community Score: NA
People Playing
Players: 27153 Hours: 889860
Based on last 7 days of Raptr player activity.
Based on 1UP traffic, this game is:
#3,822 of 27,541 on 1UP
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#154 of 1,265 in Racing
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Vacancy has expiredShow me jobs like this one
|Village of Downers Grove
|Job Category:
|Engineering and Technology
|Job Type:
|Full Time
|Illinois (IL)
|Downers Grove
|Post Code:
|Salary and Benefits:
|$55,729 to $76,627
|Post Date:
Village of Downers Grove
The Village of Downers Grove is accepting applications for the position of Staff Engineer I, in the Public Works Department.
Duties: Provides support on capital construction projects including planning, surveying, preparing preliminary budget estimates, design, preparing contract specifications and bid documents; construction administration and inspection. Designs and inspects construction of assigned capital projects to ensure compliance with Village codes and ordinances in addition to compliance with contract specifications. Responds to citizen inquiries and complaints regarding drainage, village infrastructure and construction work. Performs localized neighborhood drainage investigations. Assists other engineering staff with field work on an as-needed basis. Performs related duties as required.
Knowledge and Skills Required: Candidates must have knowledge of civil engineering principles and practices, mathematics, construction project scheduling and accounting, surveying, drafting and plan preparation, reading/interpreting architectural and civil drawings, and in using a personal computer and software (Word, Excel, Outlook). Candidates must possess good communication skills, both oral and written. Experience/skill with AutoCAD and/or Civil3D is preferred.
Minimum Qualifications: Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering or related field is required.
This is a full-time, salaried, exempt position. Must be available to work occasional weekend and evening hours as required. A valid driver's license is required. Competitive starting salary and benefits. Annual salary range for this position is $55,729 to $76,627.
Application Period: Open until filled. First review of candidates will occur on or around March 17, 2014.
Complete the online application at: publicjobline.com. Only online applications will be accepted.


text:
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Photos: Future Cowboys? Prospects arrive for NFL combine
Photo: Brian Spurlock-USA TODAY Sports/USA TODAY Sports
Feb 22, 2013; Oklahoma quarterback Landry Jones speaks at a press conference during the 2013 NFL Combine at Lucas Oil Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Brian Spurlock-USA TODAY Sports
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text:
Are you still trying to clean your body of weed by drinking gallon after gallon of water? Do you still shave all your body hair in the hope of avoiding a hair test? Are you still failing tests?
How to find 100% undetectable Marijuana Detox?
And why that makes it possible to beat any type of drug test at any time?
You probably know that marijuana is fat-soluble and that weed can be detected by standard drug tests for a long time after use. But how can you calculate your personal marijuana detection period? To learn more, see the little known advice at the end of this article.
Dilution: myths and reality
No doubt you've heard people saying something like, "Detoxes just dilute your urine, nothing more! Just drink gallons of water and you'll pass your drug test for free!" What's more, you can also find "absolutely effective and miraculous" e-books that promise to teach you how to pass a urine drug test without any detox treatments. You just need to buy the e-book: Don't let them fool you. Just read the truth.
There are two extremely important things we need to inform you about. First, we won't lie to you. Dilution is a major part of the cleansing process, but dilution detoxes actually prepare your urine for the drug test.
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One component of the THC Detox provides for a normal urine color, while another gives a normal specific gravity to your urine. Yet another component normalizes the creatinine level. Carbohydrates block body fat from being burned, because if you do burn any body fat on test day, you will fail! Powerful herbs also cleanse your liver and kidneys from traces of weed. These are the reasons why our detoxes are much more than mere dilution.
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Let's say you are eating a healthy diet, avoiding pizza and fast food, not drinking alcohol, and exercising three times a day for 30 minutes. You also don't suffer from constipation problems and you're not overweight. In this case, sure, you'll be clean, but are you certain you have the time it takes? If you don't, you need another solution to pass a urine drugs test without a hitch.
In emergencies, a substitute can save you. Thousands have successfully passed urine drug tests using Ultra pure pre-mixed synthetic urine It is suitable for any urine drug test. Practice, practice and more practice: that's the key.
And again about home remedies to pass
Don't use home remedies to pass a drug test, such as bleach, acid, vinegar, table salt, Tyzine, and so on. These methods dramatically change the normal urine characteristics, such as pH, specific gravity and creatinine level. You will fail your adulteration test if you use any of these "magic" solutions.
Here's eight easy ways to increase your chances of success by 200%:
Start testing yourself daily once you think you're clean. Your first successful home test will show how long marijuana stays in your system. The detox kits contain home test devices that will calm your fears.
Take a look at the average time that weed stays in your body depending on your frequency of use:
One-time use only
4-10 days
Between 2 to 4 times a month
10-20 days
Between 2 to 4 times a week
25-35 days
Between 5 to 6 times a week
35-50 days
Daily use
50-60+ days
How can you cleanse your system of weed in a day or even faster?
It's hard, but not impossible. On the day of the test, you should:
Remember, there is no "miracle" remedy that can cleanse your body of marijuana when taken alone. Combine weed detoxes with the tips listed above for ensured success!
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text:
Dale E. Lundy, 88, of Loyalsock Township, died May 1, 2013, at the Gatehouse.
He was born on Labor Day, Sept. 1, 1924, in Warrensville, the son of Samuel E. and Tacie Kimble Lundy.
Dale was a World War II veteran having served in the U.S. Army. He was a member of American Legion Post No. 1 and a member of Calvary Baptist Church. He was a guard at Burns Protective Agency, had worked at the former Lycoming Mattress, and farmed in Loyalsock Township. He also had a stand in the former Grower's Market (Turkey) and enjoyed hunting.
Article Photos
Preceding him were his parents and his wife the former Mable Anne Maggs.
Surviving are numerous nieces and nephews.
A funeral service will be held 11 a.m. Monday, May 6, at Spitler Funeral Home, 733 Broad St., Montoursville, with Rev. Peter C. Wilson officiating. Burial will follow in Grassflat Lance Lutheran Church Cemetery, Clearfield Co. Friends will be received at the funeral home on Monday from 10 to 11 a.m. In lieu of flowers, contributions may be made to the Calvary Baptist Church, 42 Washington Blvd., Williamsport, PA 17701.


text: Share Your Story: Dawn M. by Grace H. on Friday, September 14, 2012 Dawn, Washington I am a survivor, a mother and a working woman. I live with heart disease every day. In 2009 I was hospitalized for a viral infection and my heart stopped. Thankfully I was revived. The cause of my sudden cardiac arrest was the result of a malfunction in my heart's electrical system. As is the case for many people, doctors aren't sure why. So, I rely on a pacemaker to keep my heart beating regularly. I recently turned 40; I am proof that heart disease can strike at any age. « Now share your story Share This


text:
UpFronteZine - What's Inside? AutoCAD 2012 :
69 new commands and system variables, 64 changed commands and system
variables, 9 removed commands and system variables
This is the essential guide to all of them
What's Inside? AutoCAD 2012 provides the most in-depth review of
AutoCAD 2012. This reference paper is available now, and is designed for you to
evaluate the latest release of Autodesk's flagship software. Crucial reading for
competitors and customers.
What's new? What's changed? Find out:
This reference paper is delivered in PDF format, which makes for great
reading flexibility: view on-screen or print out on regular office paper. Quick,
same-day delivery by email.
Five chapters, 120 pages, and over 100 color illustrations.
Table of contents
Chapter 1 - Executive Summary
The Top 3 AutoCAD 2012 Features, 2D Drawing Views, Associative Arrays, 3D CAD
Importing, Honorable Mentions, What's Inside? AutoCAD LT 2012, Future Releases,
Autodesk Labs, AutoCAD For The Mac, The AUGI Wishlist
Back to Top
Chatper 2 - In Depth: New And Changed Commands And System Variables
User Interface, Application Menu, Command Bar, AutoCAD WS User Interface,
AutoCAD 2012 User Interface, Dynamic Input, Length Option, Elliptical Arcs,
Tooltip Properties, Graphics Screen, Control, [Top] Control, [2D Wireframe]
Control, View Back And Forward, Nudge, Blipmode, Dsviewer, Grips, Navigation
Bar, Quick Properties, Quick Access Toolbar, Help, Exchange, Ribbon, Status Bar,
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CAD File Importing, IGES Files, Images, Plotting, Customization, Customization,
App Loading, CUI And Customize, Customize And PGP, Migration
Back to Top
Chapter 3 - Alphabetical Summary Of New And Changed Commands
Chapter 4 - Alphabetical Summary Of New And Changed System Variables
Chapter 5 - System And Other Changes
System Requirements, Compatibility With Earlier Releases, Api, Dwg, Changed
Folders, Miscellaneous
About the author
Ralph Grabowski has authored and co-authored
100+ books on CAD
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Mr Grabowski received his B.A.Sc ('80) degree in civil engineering from the
University of British Columbia. He currently works and lives in the beautiful
Central Fraser Valley region of British Columbia, Canada.
For more information, please visit the vendor website.


text:
ST. MARTIN — When plans were unveiled for a new St. Martin High School, athletic director Greg Williams took the opportunity to build the gym that many in the community had long dreamed of.
Williams and former principal Tori Holloway (now at Harrison Central) traveled to some of the more palatial gyms in the area, such as those at Biloxi, Gulfport and Pass Christian. They took note of those buildings' aesthetic qualities, such as arena-style rolling goals, raised seating, overhanging scoreboards, spacious locker rooms and modern laundry facilities.
Williams and Holloway got most of what they asked for. The Yellow Jackets' new gym, priced at nearly $10 million, opened along with the school this fall, and hosted its first basketball games earlier this month to rave reviews.
"'Wow!' That's what I thought," said Jyrus Carriere, a senior forward for the St. Martin boys team. "I walked in and it was huge. I've never been somewhere like this in my life."
The 1,500-seat gym features raised seating, so fans do not have to cross the bench area at any time. The floors are hardwood, rather than the rubber composite of the old facility.
The team dressing rooms are massive, with concrete seating in the locker areas and plenty of room for players to stretch out, get taped up or study game film. The building arrived just in time for the growing school, which will move up to Class 6A next fall.
"It's a beautiful facility. We're real proud of it," Williams said. "The only thing we didn't get was the arena-style goals, but we can come back in a couple of years and do that ourselves. We had to go buy the washers and dryers and put them on both sides. The boys and girls have the exact same thing on both sides of the gym. Nobody got cut short."
St. Martin boys basketball coach Charlie Pavlus is in his third season at his alma mater, which he coached to a 5A division championship in 2009-10. He wasn't in on the original planning for the new gym, but said it lives up to all his expectations.
The new gym does not feature an overhanging scoreboard, as Biloxi does, but has conventional scoreboards on either end of the court. Pavlus said he prefers that.
"Biloxi really looks nice with the arena-style scoreboard, but as a player, you can't see the scoreboard, so you don't know how much time is left," Pavlus said. "And I think the seating there is too close. Here, you probably have too much.
"It doesn't score any baskets for you, and it's got six goals just like the old gym. But it is nice."
The new building debuted with the St. Martin Super Saturday Classic on Nov. 6, the first day of high school basketball in Mississippi. The event featured six games and drew nearly 1,000 fans, Pavlus said.
"We made right at $4,000, which is a football gate," Pavlus said. "Last year, with three boys games and three girls games, we only made $300-$400. Next year, the goal will be to get even more in here."


text:
Review Details
- Product Review (submitted on August 22, 2008):
- I've used this pack for day trips on the AT as well as a book bag for college, not mention the occasional overnight trip. It has held up and performed well. I would not recommend this particular pack for long hikes with heavy loads due to poor weight distribution. But overall a great pack for short trips.


text:
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Posted on Nov 17, 2011
Dear Libertarian Party supporter,
Yesterday, 54 people contributed $4,685.00 online for the office building townhouse. That's almost $100 each.
Please go to our building fund page and make a generous donation. Please donate $1,000 if you can. $100 would be helpful as well.
So far we've raised $157,859 in donations and pledges toward buying an office building townhouse in Old Town Alexandria near DC.
Remember, if we ultimately decide not to buy a building, we'll contact you and offer to return your donation. The Libertarian National Committee may make a decision today.
Please make your best donation today!
In Liberty,
Mark Hinkle, LNC Chair


text:
Chemistry 310 is part of a two-semester sequence in inorganic chemistry; the second course in the sequence is Chemistry 412.
At University Park, Chemistry 310 is
currently offered in the Fall and Spring semesters, and Chemistry 412 is
offered in Fall semesters only.
For the Chem 310 syllabus and other course materials, please visit Chemistry 310 on Angel.
The University Faculty Senate Policies for Students regarding Academic Integrity
apply to all courses offered by the Department of Chemistry.
Penn State welcomes students with
disabilities into its educational programs.
For information, please visit the Office for Disability Services website.


text:
Top Definition
This is a word that you use when it has been a long time sincu you have hade yourself a girl. Fett=Pussy, and Laus=to be without. So when your "fettlaus" you dont got any pussy to attend to.
I have been "fettlaus" a long time now. My girl just broke up with me so now I'm fettlaus.
بواسطة Darkwatch يناير/كانون الثّاني 27, 2006
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text:
Tea In The Hills is a fusion of clean, ambient guitars, Indian percussion (including tabla and duff) and western strings, which together, create a visual setting of a hillstation or the ambience in a city or a small town right after a drizzle of rain. The mood of the piece is very positive and hopeful.
Included in the pack are 2 files:
Tea In The Hills.wav: 1:36 Tea In The Hills short loop.wav: 0:10