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Century House
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How has this inn rated in the past?
- Suites
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Continental Breakfast
- Free parking
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Historical Traveler Reviews Century House Nantucket
Absolutely Loved the Century House!
We had a terrific time at the Century House! The location is just perfect, only a short walk to Main Street, and far enough from the hustle and bustle. I still dream about the breakfast, that delicious granola and fresh berries. The innkeeper says he buys them fresh every morning and it shows in the quality. Yes, some rooms are small, but I heard they have renovated some of them, but then again it is to be expected because it is one of the oldest inns on the island and the innkeepers wanted to keep the layout the same. They have computer stations too if you want to check your email or go on the web, which is neat. I look forward to going there again.
Cramped and hot
Stayed at Century House in August 2005. While bedrooms are air conditioned, the public spaces are not and are so hot that they are not used. Single rooms and bathrooms are uncomfortably small (no tables, small shower), while prices for such rooms are too high. The Inn is clean.
The breakfast is a high carb affair with no hot or healthy food choices. The breakfast room is in the kitchen and really hot. Would advise trying another inn.
Nice inn, but not cozy
Our stay at the Century House was nice. Our room was quaint even although our private bathroom was down the hallway. We were on the 3rd floor & we had A/C & it was much needed!
It was a small cramped room but it's an old building, so what can you expect?
The morning breakfast was very good, with many options to pick from. And every afternoon, they had freshly made cookies in the parlor along with beverages.
The only thing missing I felt was the "charm" of staying at a B&B. The owner was polite but not extremely friendly. The cost of our stay was pricey but it's an expensive area.
The location of the Century Inn is great. Just far enough away from the hustle of the town.
The rest of the staff was helpful but overall I didn't feel truly welcome there. I just expected more from a B&B as opposed to a regular hotel.
Cozy home-like atmosphere
What a wonderful stay we had at the Century House. Our room was beautifully appointed and the communal breakfast was outstanding - lots of fresh fruit, and the homemade granola is addictive!! The location is within walking distance of town and the wharf, so it was an ideal place for us, as we had no car on the island during our stay. We would highly recommend the Century House to others visiting Nantucket Island!!
My Home Away from Home
I have been visiting Nantucket Island now since I was a young child.
My mother has lived there now for many years. However, I prefer to
stay at the Century House because it feels so much more like home than
any place I can remember. I have walked from there all over town and ridden bicycles all over the island from the Century House. They have helped me to have to best times on Nantucket than I will ever have anywhere else I have been, and I've traveled extensively all over the United States and Europe. I am treated more like family than by my own
family or friends. They are curtious, charming and always going out of their way to help me do or find the wonders of the island. I would always recommend The Century House to anyone I know here in Florida, where I live, or around the country where I visit other friends and relatives.
There is nothing like waking up at The Century House, their breakfasts really send me! I am sure I will be visiting sometime this year, maybe sooner than later!
Loved the Century House!
My husband and I just booked our third stay at the Century House. The innkeepers are very accommodating, kind and helpful. They seem to really love the Century House. We enjoyed listening to them telling us about the history of the inn and how it is the only continuously operating guest house since 1800's! Maybe this is why some people may not understand its value. And we especially liked the breakfast it is homemade with only the best ingredients. We also saw that most rooms have been completely renovated, making the Cenutry House a must this summer! I defenitely recommend it to all who love Nantucket and its history.
A bad experience
Our room was way too small for the $300 a night we paid and was on the third floor without an elevator or bellhop to help with the luggage. We also had a very unpleasant run in with the Innkeeper. Late the first afternoon we were there, we left our room and in the interest of exploring, went out an unlocked screen door to an outside stairway. When we were 5 steps from the bottom, an older woman appeared out of nowhere and shouted "You can't come this way! It's the emergency exit! You must go back up the stairs." She had a crazed look in her eye like a mad serial killer. Since we had never seen her, our first question was "Who are you?" "I'm the inn keeper" she responded. "OK we assure you, we won't use this exit again but we're only five steps from the bottom so we're coming down this once." As we descended the next step, she lunged up the first stair with a body language suggesting she was preparing for a physical confrontation and repeated "No, you must go back up." I thought I had stepped into the script of a Stephen King movie. Since we did not desire a physical confrontation, we allowed her to herd us back up the stairs. I thought to myself "I'm paying $300 a night for this abuse?" As we were being herded, we informed her that she had offended us and if we had not prepaid and if we thought we had a ghost of a chance of finding another room on the Island, we'd be gone. Obviously customer service was not her concern because she did not respond. This incident tainted our visit to Nantucket enough that we will never return.
Just very okay
The inn is located in a nice spot-- few minutes from the mayhem of "downtown" but still within easy biking and walking distance from town. As for the room-it sounds like we had the same room as a previous reviewer--first floor, directly off the front entrance hall with windows facing the front porch that everybody walks by--therefore no real privacy in the summer with people walking by day and night.
Unfortunately, while the room was pretty, it smelled quite strongly of mildew, and was very stuffy--even with three windows open on a couple moderate-cool days--requiring either leaving the windows open (making privacy even worse), and blowing a fan (which only served to blow the smelly air around) or blasting the AC, which I personally dislike because the room got freezing in a very short time.
When I asked if there might be another, more private less smelly room available (more politely, of course), the innkeeper denied that the room smelled, and said " you should be happy with that room since we upgraded you to a more expensive room..." (for reasons I don't need to go into here). Needless to say, there were no more rooms available, his customer service skills made me feel I was being unreasonable for asking. There were a lot of other rooms upstairs, which could be a lot better?
Other than that, the breakfasts were very nice, and beach towels were provided, as well as drinks (non-alchoholic) for part of the day. Since I have nothing else to compare it to on Nantucket, for $250 a night, maybe that's all one can expect on this ultra high-priced island?
I think I'll try someplace else next time, though, with so many options.
Better than Terrible but not Okay
Well, I guess the proprietors of the Century Inn don't read TripAdvisor - or if they read the Carlile review from 2002 they certainly didn't change anything; we were there in mid August 2003 and it is just as the previous review described... So why am I writing? 1st, I wanted to endorse the previous view, and 2nd, to add further criticism of what seemed to me to be somewhat sharp practice; we booked very late and got a cancellation (Nantucket is bulging at the seams in the summer - hence the disgraceful lack of value for money in these shabby bed and breakfasts reminiscent of my childhood just after the war - 2nd World War that is - in the UK); $295 - reduced to $265 a night when we balked at the first price and said we intended to stay a week - the 'best' type of room - which had no air conditioning (some of the rooms do but it was not up to the task in the first room we were in); when we got there we were given a room which was not as had been described - much smaller - on the ground floor by the front door with concomitant house and street noise - and on querying this were told that we could have the room we had been described the next day, although throughout this conversation the attitude was 'well, if that's what you remember we don't want you to be unhappy'! In fact, the rooms have individual names (plants and flowers) and we had asked and been told the actual name so that we could look at it on their website and that was not what we had been given when we arrived so I am left wondering if we had not asked whether we would have had any sort of redress; the room we had for the first night was definitely not one of the $295/265 rooms but that didn't get any reimbursement at the end of the stay; BTW remember that on top of the price quoted, there are state, town and service charges which are not insignificantIt is a scandal in my opinion that places like Nantucket continue to get away with this sort of minimum quality accommodation for maximum price; both rooms we were in could best be described as tatty, with the sort of junk furniture that is coyly described as antique - the marble top to the dresser was split for example and the drawers were sticky and difficult to pull; the sound of our neighbours going to the lavatory in the middle of the night was not particularly exciting at our age, and I don't suppose they welcomed our ablutions; in the UK, back in the 1960's, the advent of cheap, excellent value for money, package tours to the Mediterranean with guaranteed good weather and new comfortable hotels killed off most of the B&B's; the US deserves a lot better
Century House a Big Disappointment
You can do a lot better for the price in Nantucket than Century House. We felt mislead by the inn's brochure and website. The promised "cozy fire" in the sitting room was never lit, even tho' it rained and was cold the whole weekend we stayed. The traditional "afternoon tea" consisted of help-yourself Lipton packets, flat soda and a stingey bowl of Pepperidge Farms fish crackers and stale Oreos. The decor was cluttered, haphazard and out-of-date. It's clear the proprietors are looking to wring every last rent-able inch out of the place, as everything but cramped eat-in kitchen and a cluttered sitting room has been turned into pinched guest rooms, including the dining and living rooms. They shoo you out of the sitting room by 10:00 pm ("The sitting room is closed") and breakfast, except for the fresh berries, was nothing special. The proprietors are the definition of odd.
TripAdvisor Reviews Century House Nantucket
Travel Blogs from Nantucket
Eating a sandwich in Sandwich & cod in Cape Cod!
... it was off wandering around the buzzing streets, going down to the water's edge and eventually finding a great bar with a fantastic view across to the very tip of the peninsular.
We got talking to a young couple next to us from Boston who only two days previously had got married! They often came here for holidays and told us that we couldn't drive to the point in the distance but we ...
Home base at South Yarmouth
... achievements was to set aside a 40 mile long seashore preservation zone up the eastern side of the Cape as far as Provincetown which is almost at the tip.This provides general access to unspoiled beaches, dunes, and salt marshes. We hired bikes and cycled around the tracks in the northern Provincetown area. It was great having sealed cycle tracks through these areas and to have access to the beaches. ...
Wednesday, July 15th
We started the day on the quintessential beach called Dionis. Sandy dunes and gentle surf made for hours of fun. Olivia took a leap in her swimming skill and developed an honorable dog paddle. In the evening, we celebrated our 15th anniversary with our kids starting with happy hour and a memorable meal at the Straight Wharf. These 15 years of marriage have been infused with adventure and ...
Family mini vacation in Nantucket
... and exhilarating....
We caught a lot, and eventually we started to let it go back in the ocean - at least those that - in our helper's opinion - were not injured by the hook...he said that lobsters love this fish a lot, so he and the captain kept some for lobster traps, and we brought some with ...
Does Martha Stewart Own This Vineyard?
... and the many sales as stores bid to empty their summer stock; of course it'll all be there next year too, as I don't think they're planning on changing the Island's name anytime soon.
Oak Bluffs also had a collection of three hundred houses nicknamed 'The Gingerbread Cottages' that tourists are free to wander around; they were built by the Methodists who met at the campground every year and wanted ...


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|EcommerceBytes-NewsFlash, Number 2975 - January 09, 2013 - ISSN 1539-5065 2 of 5
eBay updated its mobile apps to make it easier to sell from mobile devices. Sellers are already using eBay Mobile to add an average of 2.4 million listings per week.
eBay for iPhone 2.7 and eBay for iPad 2.2 enhance the mobile selling (and buying) experiences. Roughly 1.8 million new customers joined eBay through a mobile device in the first three quarters of 2012.
For sellers, the eBay mobile app updates released this week integrate mobile with the desktop. eBay sellers can now save drafts of their listings on their smartphones, where it's easier to upload pictures, and then complete the process from their PCs, which allows them to write longer item descriptions from a keyboard.
Sellers can start a listing on the desktop and complete it using the eBay mobile app. The updated apps provide category, pricing and shipping guidance; the ability to work on multiple listings; and a new photo module for the iPhone app.
eBay Vice President of Mobile Products Kevin Hurst said, "With eBay's app updates, selling has never been simpler. We've streamlined the mobile selling experience to give consumers step-by-step suggestions for pricing and shipping, and we've loaded the updates with new features that let customers seamlessly switch between mobile and PC - to more quickly and easily upload photos and edit listings."
eBay's Mobile group now reports to the marketplace division rather than being a standalone product group, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal.
eBay's updated apps will also allow users without associated PayPal accounts to make purchases via the app with a new guest checkout feature. There is also a new single-screen view to review and confirm payments; an improved auto-complete search feature; and a shorter checkout experience.
About the author:
Ina Steiner is co-founder and Editor of EcommerceBytes and has been reporting on ecommerce since 1999. She's a widely cited authority on marketplace selling and is author of "Turn eBay Data Into Dollars" (McGraw-Hill 2006). Her blog was featured in the book, "Blogging Heroes" (Wiley 2008). Follow her on Twitter at @ecommercebytes and send news tips to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Email this story to a friend.
2 of 5
eBay Improves Selling Experience on Mobile Website and Apps - April 28, 2014
Connected Canadians Shop and Pay via Mobile - January 02, 2014
eBay Gains Insight from Studying Shopper Diaries - November 27, 2013
PayPal Issues Warnings with Regard to Commerce Mobile Security - October 10, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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Maui-San Rafael game 2 underway
July 19, 2013 - Robert Collias
Here is the start of my story from today's paper on the opener between Na Koa Ikaika Maui and the San Rafael Pacifics:
WAILUKU - The first round of the showdown for first place went to San Rafael.
The Pacific Association-leading Pacifics took advantage of two unearned runs for a 3-0 win over Na Koa Ikaika Maui in front of about 300 fans at Maehara Stadium on Wednesday night.
Logan Odom (5-0) outdueled Jesse Smith in a game that saw Smith (5-2) go the distance in the loss. Odom allowed three hits with seven strikeouts and three walks in eight innings. Colin Allen pitched the ninth inning for his ninth save of the season.
Click here for the rest of the story.
Tonight's second game is tied at 1-1 in the top of the fourth -- a crucial game for Maui, which now trails San Rafael by 2 1/2 games.
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We just purchased Ben a seat called a Bumbo. We let him sit in it for a few minutes each day.
We can't hold him every minute of the day. There are chores to do and meals to prepare, so on the occasion that he can't be, or doesnt' want to be held, we sometimes let him sit in his Bumbo.
Sometimes we let him watch a few minutes of Television. Only a few minutes though, we don't want the TV to be a babysitter, we just want to give him some pretty colors to look at.


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Thankful Turkey Template
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Hey Ladies, I saw this, thought it was cute and wanted to share. This site has directions and templates to make a "Thankful Turkey" w/ your kiddies :)
Have fun!!! ...and feel free to post a pic if you do the project ;)
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Quoting Kmakksmom:
Very cute! Thank you :)
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Top Definition
A noise that a man makes when a fine woman walks by, usually meaning a sort of erection. This will sometimes be accompanied by a pelvic thrust.
*three fine women walk by
Shwing, shwing, shwing
Shwing, shwing, shwing
viết bởi Judas Sucks 16 Tháng một, 2005
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Instant boner
*Hot chick walks by*
viết bởi Hizzo 11 Tháng tư, 2003
An exclamation used to describe sexual arrousal in a male.
(see Wayne's World, muthafucka!)
(see Wayne's World, muthafucka!)
viết bởi Digital Pimp 02 Tháng ba, 2003
An imagined sound effect reffering to the acquiring of an errection at abnormal speeds.
*watches Tatu performance at 2003 MTV movie awards.* Woah... *shwing*
viết bởi Ryan M. 12 Tháng sáu, 2003
To announce to those surrounding you that you have grown an Instant Boner
Guy: Yo , look at that bitch, what you think?
Me: Lets just say, SHWING!
Me: Lets just say, SHWING!
viết bởi Jon 10 Tháng ba, 2003
used when something is good or awesome or epic!!
I went to see the avengers last night... SHWING!!
viết bởi peter.w 01 Tháng năm, 2012
too reject or have a bounce off effect to someone's comments or actions
individual 1: you look fat in that dress
individual 2: shwing *comment ignored, comment blanked*
individual 2: shwing *comment ignored, comment blanked*
viết bởi ShMiCh_T 07 Tháng một, 2014


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Nice key-chain Kelly!!!
Bicycles, Red lights and Coffee Houses!!!
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We got to the Novotel Hotel in Amsterdam at about 7:30pm and ran into Hanno, Isabel and their
We had a few drinks at one of the many outdoor caf�s and soaked in the night life of this amazing


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Benchmade Knives water environment folding pocket knives. The N680 blade steel is corrosion resistent and the knife mechanism also will resist rust. This pocketknife series is American Made.
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Although Chelsea Handler and 50 Cent never officially addressed a romance, they didn't hide the fact that they were spending time together.
The E! talk show host, 36, and the New York-bred rapper had been spotted partying together, and even once Tweeted a photo with their arms around each other in bed.
But it wasn't until an interview with Piers Morgan on Tuesday night that Handler finally went on the record: "We dated, very casually."
"He's a very sweet, nice guy," Handler says of the "In Da Club" rapper, 35. "I was sampling, kind of, the atmosphere, seeing what was out there, and I was satiated."
Even though Handler continues to rave about 50 Cent, calling him "the complete antithesis of what you'd imagine," she admits he had his faults.
"I don't really like when men buy me ridiculous gifts, especially when I don't know them well," Handler says, explaining that 50 Cent overly tried to woo her and she would end up returning his presents to him. "I can buy my own gifts. I really don't like gifts from rappers in general, since I'm not a hooker."
Handler and 50 Cent went their separate ways. She is now dating hotelier Andre Balazs, who recently hosted the launch party for her latest book, Lies Chelsea Handler Told Me, at the Balazs's Boom Boom Room at the Standard in NYC.
Speaking of boyfriends past and present, Handler said at the party that she played a "really terrible" prank on a former flame.
"I did take my ex-boyfriend to a fake dog funeral after I faked killing him, just because I thought it was funny," Handler told PEOPLE. "And the dog didn't die then, but he did die, actually, shortly after. But it had nothing to do with the foie gras that I served him."
Additional reporting by ASHER FOGLE
Chelsea Handler: I Dated 50 Cent 'Very Casually'
Jason Merritt/WireImage; Dan Herrick-KPA/ZUMA


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From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, New York; University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Hope Hospital and Salford Royal Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Medical Genetics Institute and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank the patients, nurses, and hospital staff who participated in the study, as well as Lisa Underhill for writing assistance.
Grant Support: By the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health grants to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (grant 5 M01 RR00071); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (grant 5 M01 RR00425); University of Minnesota (grant 5 M01 RR00400); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (grant 5 M01 RR00240); University of California, San Francisco (grant 5 M01 RR01271); and University of Alabama at Birmingham (grant 5 M01 RR00032). Additional support came from the National Institutes of Health Merit Award 5 R37 DK34045 (Dr. Desnick) and from the Genzyme Corporation.
Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest: Consultancies: J. Bultas (Genzyme Corp.), W.R. Wilcox (Genzyme Corp.), S. Packman (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Bichet (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Warnock (Genzyme Corp.), R.J. Desnick (Genzyme Corp., Amicus Therapeutics); Honoraria: M. Banikazemi (Genzyme Corp.), S. Waldek (Genzyme Corp.), W.R. Wilcox (Genzyme Corp.), C.B. Whitley (Genzyme Corp.), M. McDonald (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Bichet (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Warnock (Genzyme Corp.); Stock ownership or options (other than mutual funds): M. McDonald (Genzyme Corp.), R.J. Desnick (Amicus Therapeutics); Grants received: S. Waldek (Genzyme Corp., Amicus Therapeutics), W.R. Wilcox (Genzyme Corp.), C.B. Whitley (BioMarin, Genzyme Corp.), M. McDonald (Genzyme Corp.), R. Finkel (Genzyme Corp.), S. Packman (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Bichet (Genzyme Corp.), D.G. Warnock (Genzyme Corp.), R.J. Desnick (Genzyme Corp.); Grants pending: D.G. Warnock (Genzyme Corp.); Patents received: R.J. Desnick (Mount Sinai School of Medicine to Genzyme Corp. for Fabrazyme); Royalties: R.J. Desnick (Genzyme Corp.).
Requests for Single Reprints: Robert J. Desnick, PhD, MD, Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Fifth Avenue at 100th Street, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574; e-mail, email@example.com.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Banikazemi: New York University, 403 East 34th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016.
Dr. Bultas: Second Department of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Dr. Waldek: Department of Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospital Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, United Kingdom.
Dr. Wilcox: Division of Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Dr. Whitley: Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 446, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
Dr. McDonald: Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3528, Durham, NC 27710.
Dr. Finkel: Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Dr. Packman: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Avenue, Room U-585K, San Francisco, CA 94143-0748.
Dr. Bichet: Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Québec, Canada.
Dr. Warnock: Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, 1530 3rd Avenue South, THT 647, Birmingham, AL 35233.
Dr. Desnick: Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Fifth Avenue at 100th Street, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: M. Banikazemi, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet, R.J. Desnick.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: W.R. Wilcox, C.B. Whitley, R. Finkel, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet, D.G. Warnock, R.J. Desnick.
Drafting of the article: M. Banikazemi, S. Packman, D.G. Warnock, R.J. Desnick.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: M. Banikazemi, J. Bultas, S. Waldek, W.R. Wilcox, C.B. Whitley, R. Finkel, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet, D.G. Warnock, R.J. Desnick.
Final approval of the article: M. Banikazemi, J. Bultas, S. Waldek, W.R. Wilcox, C.B. Whitley, M. McDonald, R. Finkel, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet, D.G. Warnock, R.J. Desnick.
Provision of study materials or patients: J. Bultas, S. Waldek, W.R. Wilcox, C.B. Whitley, M. McDonald, R. Finkel, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet, D.G. Warnock.
Administrative, technical, or logistic support: C.B. Whitley.
Collection and assembly of data: W.R. Wilcox, C.B. Whitley, S. Packman, D.G. Bichet.
Fabry disease is an X-linked storage disorder characterized by deficient lysosomal enzyme activity and excessive deposition of glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelial cells.
In this double-blind multicenter trial, 82 adults with kidney dysfunction from Fabry disease were randomly assigned to infusions of enzyme replacement with agalsidase beta or placebo every 2 weeks for up to 35 months. Agalsidase beta reduced the frequency of and delayed the time to clinical events (composite outcome of renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events and death) and caused infusion reactions more often than placebo.
Most clinical events in the small trial were worsening kidney function.
Agalsidase beta may slow disease progression in patients with advanced Fabry disease.
—The Editors
Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The resultant progressive accumulation of its substrates (globotriaosylceramide and related glycosphingolipids) has profound clinical consequences, particularly in the vascular endothelial cells of the kidney and heart (1–2). Early manifestations typically include debilitating chronic acroparesthesias, episodic excruciating pain "crises," hypohidrosis, and abdominal pain and diarrhea. Subsequent kidney failure, heart disease, and strokes lead to early death, typically at age 40 to 50 years (1, 3–5). Heterozygous females can have serious disease manifestations due to nonrandom X-chromosomal inactivation (6–8). Late-onset variants have been described (9–11).
Two clinical trials in patients with Fabry disease demonstrated that enzyme replacement with agalsidase beta (recombinant human α-Gal A, Fabrazyme, Genzyme Corp., Cambridge, Massachusetts) (12–16) clears globotriaosylceramide from the capillary endothelia of the kidney, heart, and skin—the major sites of pathology in Fabry disease. On the basis of the results of these trials, agalsidase beta was approved in Europe in 2001 and in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under its accelerated approval program, in 2003. Since approval was based on a surrogate marker, the FDA required an additional trial to demonstrate clinical benefit. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect of agalsidase beta on disease progression by a time-to-event analysis of renal, cerebrovascular, and cardiac events or death in patients with advanced Fabry disease in a placebo-controlled trial.
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study began in February 2001 and ended in January 2004. We used a 2:1 treatment-to-placebo randomization ratio to give more patients access to treatment (Figure 1). Because Fabry disease is multisystemic, we chose a composite primary end point. Natural history data related to clinical events in Fabry disease are limited; thus, we planned 2 interim analyses (which did not require unblinding the study) to evaluate whether trial duration and patient numbers were adequate. Institutional review boards at all sites approved the protocol. All patients gave written informed consent at trial entry and were informed in April 2003 that the commercial drug had become available in the United States.
Physicians who were experienced in treating Fabry disease were contacted at 41 university or research hospitals in 9 countries in North America and Europe. Patients were recruited through mailings, advertisements, Web site postings, physician-to-physician and physician-to-patient information letters, and patient meetings. Eligible patients were at least 16 years of age with clinical evidence of Fabry disease; α-Gal A activity less than 1.5 nmol/h per mL of plasma (normal mean, 8.1 nmol/h per mL of plasma [SD, 3.2] [n = 218]) or less than 4 nmol/h per mg of leukocyte protein (normal mean, 97.5 nmol/h per mg of leukocyte protein [SD, 16.4] [n = 46]); no previous enzyme replacement therapy; and the following evidence of kidney disease: 2 consecutive serum creatinine measurements of 106 µmol/L or greater (≥1.2 mg/dL) and less than 265 µmol/L (<3.0 mg/dL) or, if the serum creatinine measurement was less than 106 µmol/L (<1.2 mg/dL), an estimated creatinine clearance less than 1.33 mL/s (<80 mL/min) (Cockcroft–Gault equation). We excluded patients who were undergoing dialysis or were scheduled for kidney transplantation; those with documented transient ischemic attacks, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction within 3 months of trial entry; and those with confounding conditions or other clinically significant comorbid conditions.
Randomization codes were computer-generated and were maintained centrally at a secure location. The 2:1 randomization scheme was blocked (block size of 3, which was not revealed to investigators) at each site. Study materials were packaged identically, and sponsor staff, investigators, and patients were blinded to treatment allocation. Every 2 weeks, patients received either agalsidase beta (1 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo (phosphate-buffered mannitol) administered intravenously at an initial rate of 0.25 mg/min, which was increased after the eighth infusion as tolerated to decrease the infusion time to a minimum of 90 minutes. All patients were pretreated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen and some patients with an antihistamine to minimize infusion-associated reactions (defined as adverse events on the treatment day considered to be treatment-related) (13).
The following measures were performed or obtained at baseline and at the final study visit or time of study withdrawal: serum creatinine level, proteinuria (ratio of urinary protein to urinary creatinine [in mg/dL]), ratio of urinary albumin to urinary creatinine (in mg/dL), 12-lead electrocardiography, echocardiography, neurologic examination, head magnetic resonance imaging, Brief Pain Inventory, exercise tolerance, plasma globotriaosylceramide level, Fabry symptom assessment, physical examination, blood chemistries, urinalysis, IgG antibody titers to agalsidase beta, and optional skin biopsy. Every 4 weeks, serum creatinine levels were measured, and all baseline measures were repeated every 12 weeks, except for echocardiography, head magnetic resonance imaging, and exercise tolerance, which were repeated every 24 weeks. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula (17).
The primary end point was the time to first clinical event (renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular event or death) in the placebo and agalsidase-beta groups. We defined a renal event as a 33% increase in serum creatinine level from baseline (2 consecutive values) or end-stage kidney disease requiring long-term dialysis or transplantation. We defined a cardiac event as myocardial infarction; new symptomatic arrhythmia requiring antiarrhythmic medication, pacemaker, direct current cardioversion, or defibrillator implantation; unstable angina defined by national practice guidelines (18) and accompanied by electrocardiographic changes resulting in hospitalization; or worsening congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization. We defined a cerebrovascular event as a stroke or transient ischemic attack documented by a physician. Patients were allowed to transition to open-label agalsidase beta after an independent adjudication board confirmed that a primary end point event had occurred.
Safety monitoring included physician evaluation and documentation of adverse events. At each study visit, investigators asked patients an open-ended question about their health status. They also reviewed the results of all physical examinations, electrocardiographies, and laboratory assessments and reported any clinically significant symptom or abnormality as an adverse event. They assessed all adverse events for seriousness, severity, and relatedness to treatment. An independent data monitoring committee, which was authorized to recommend study termination on the basis of the methods of O'Brien and Fleming (19), periodically reviewed safety data.
Serum was collected at baseline and every 4 weeks thereafter for detection and measurement of IgG antibody titers to agalsidase beta at the Genzyme Immunology Laboratory, Framingham, Massachusetts, as described previously (15). If an investigator suspected that an infusion-associated reaction was IgE-mediated, serum IgE tests or skin tests to agalsidase beta were performed. According to the protocol, we withdrew patients with positive test results from the study.
On trial completion, patients were eligible to enroll in an 18-month, open-label extension study. We contacted patients for safety follow-up if they withdrew or chose not to continue in the extension study.
We chose a final sample size of 80 patients to provide 80% power for detecting a treatment effect on the basis of log-rank testing by using a 10% drop-out rate; a 14-month enrollment period and 18 months of follow-up; type I error of 0.05 (2-sided); and expected event rates over 2 years of 40% and 10% for patients in the placebo and agalsidase-beta groups, respectively, as predicted by an estimated 20% to 30% decline per year in estimated GFR (3, 20). To ensure that the proposed trial duration and sample size were adequate, the data monitoring committee conducted blinded interim analyses of event rates at 12 months and 18 months, and the study duration was increased from 24 months to 29 months and then to 35 months. Because the trial remained blinded and no hypothesis testing was performed, the type I error rate was not adjusted for the primary end point (21).
Efficacy analyses, which were performed by using SAS, version 8.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina), included only data that were obtained while patients received double-blind treatment. To evaluate the treatment effect in the time-to-event analyses, Kaplan–Meier methods were used for unadjusted analyses and the Cox proportional-hazards model was used for proteinuria-adjusted analyses (22–23). Because of the small sample size, the protocol specified that any imbalance in important prognostic factors after randomization could be adjusted by using the Cox proportional-hazards model (22–23). More patients in the agalsidase-beta group had elevated baseline proteinuria, which was significantly associated with time to any clinical end point and with time to renal end point. In addition, adding a term for proteinuria to the Cox proportional-hazards model with a term for treatment resulted in a 23% change in the hazard ratio for treatment. Hence, we applied a change in estimate criterion (24) and determined that baseline proteinuria was the most important potential confounder. Adjusted analyses were performed using Cox proportional-hazards models with a term for baseline proteinuria. Because the distribution of baseline proteinuria was skewed, adjusted analyses also were performed using fourth-root transformations of proteinuria values to invoke a normal distribution (25). The proportional-hazards assumptions were tested by assessing the treatment-by-time interaction and the proteinuria-by-time interaction. Both interactions were nonsignificant.
Hazard ratios, 95% CIs, and P values were calculated for the treatment effect for the composite outcome and for renal events with and without proteinuria adjustment. Odds ratios for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were calculated by Fisher exact test with StatXact, version 3 (Cytel Software Corp., Cambridge, Massachusetts) (26). We conducted the primary end point analyses in the intention-to-treat population and, as secondary analyses, in a prespecified per-protocol population.
We performed ancillary analyses that were not specified by the protocol in the intention-to-treat population. These included time-to-event analyses and formal tests for treatment interaction in subgroups stratified by median baseline proteinuria and by median baseline serum creatinine level and median baseline estimated GFR with adjustment for baseline proteinuria. Proteinuria, serum creatinine levels, and estimated GFR were examined over the course of the study and compared by treatment group by using mixed-model analyses. Linear mixed-effects models were fit with fixed effects for treatment group, time, and treatment-by-time interactions, as well as random intercepts and slopes, for each patient over time.
The investigators asked patients about adverse events and monitored for adverse events during double-blind and open-label treatment. Adverse events were coded using the World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART) (27). Frequency, severity, and causality data that directly compared events among patients taking agalsidase beta or placebo were assessed during the double-blind treatment period.
The Genzyme Corporation and the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health, supported the trial. The Genzyme project team participated in the design of the trial in collaboration with the study investigators and the senior author, with input from the FDA (28). A contract research organization performed site monitoring and source data verification. Genzyme, in conjunction with the investigators, performed the data management and statistical analyses. Genzyme provided funding for writing services and reviewed the manuscript for accuracy but had no formative role in data interpretation, writing or revising the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Of the 252 patients screened, 82 eligible patients (intention-to-treat population) were treated at 26 sites in 6 countries. Fifty-one patients were randomly assigned to the agalsidase-beta group and 31 patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (Figure 1). The baseline characteristics of patients in the 2 groups were similar, except for proteinuria (Table 1). Of note, 4 (proteinuria, estimated GFR, hemoglobin level, and serum albumin level) of 15 (serum creatinine level, estimated creatinine clearance, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, sex, urinary albumin–urinary creatinine ratio, history of hypertension, race or ethnicity, age, plasma globotriaosylceramide level, body mass index, and weight) baseline variables were associated with time to clinical event. Of these 4 variables, proteinuria was most strongly associated with any clinical event (hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6]; P = 0.005) and any renal event (hazard ratio, 1.4 [CI, 1.2 to 1.8]; P < 0.001).
From the first infusion to the final blinded visit, patients received treatment for up to 35 months. Mean and median treatment durations were 18.4 months (SD, 8.8) and 18.5 months, respectively. At the end of the study, 71 patients were still enrolled, 8 withdrew, and 3 died. Six withdrawals occurred before an end point event: 2 patients in the agalsidase-beta group and 1 patient in the placebo group withdrew to obtain commercial therapy, which became available in the United States during the trial, and 3 patients in the agalsidase-beta group withdrew due to positive or inconclusive skin test results or positive IgE test results. Two withdrawals, 1 from each group, were voluntary and occurred after an end point event. In addition, 3 patients in the agalsidase-beta group who had not met the primary end point elected to transition to open-label treatment after 13 to 17 months. We excluded them from further efficacy analyses upon transition but included them in safety analyses. The deaths of 2 patients, 1 from each group, occurred after a primary end point. The death of 1 patient in the agalsidase-beta group was the primary end point (see Adverse Events section).
Eight patients were excluded in the per-protocol population before unblinding because of major protocol violations: 4 patients in the agalsidase-beta group who missed 22% to 87% of infusions, 1 patient in the placebo group who missed 22% of infusions, 1 patient in the placebo group who did not meet the required clinical inclusion criteria, and 2 patients in the placebo group who received a wrong treatment. Thus, the per-protocol population had 74 patients: 47 patients in the agalsidase-beta group and 27 patients in the placebo group. Of the excluded patients, 1 patient in the agalsidase-beta group had a cardiac event and 1 patient in the placebo group had a renal event.
Thirteen (42%) of 31 patients in the placebo and 14 (27%) of 51 patients in the agalsidase-beta group had clinical events (Table 2). The intention-to-treat analysis of time to first clinical event that adjusted for baseline imbalance in proteinuria favored agalsidase beta (hazard ratio, 0.47 [CI, 0.21 to 1.03]; P = 0.06) (Figure 2, top). We observed a similar effect of agalsidase beta when the time-to-event analyses were repeated using fourth-root transformations of proteinuria to normalize the skewed distribution (hazard ratio, 0.49 [CI, 0.22 to 1.1]; P = 0.07).
Dashed lines show Kaplan–Meier estimates of time to any clinical event (composite outcome). Solid lines show curves with adjustment for baseline proteinuria (urine protein–creatinine ratio), derived from a Cox regression analysis with baseline proteinuria added as a covariate to the regression equation (22–23). Top. The time-to-event analyses for the composite end point for both treatment groups in the intention-to-treat population are shown. The unadjusted treatment-related hazard ratio associated with agalsidase beta was 0.57 (95% CI, 27.0 to 1.22; P = 0.14). With adjustment for baseline proteinuria, the hazard ratio was 0.47 (CI, 0.21 to 1.03; P = 0.06). Bottom. The time-to-event analyses for the composite end point for both treatment groups in the per-protocol population are shown. The unadjusted treatment-related hazard ratio associated with agalsidase beta was 0.54 (CI, 0.25 to 1.19; P = 0.12). With adjustment for baseline proteinuria, the hazard ratio was 0.39 (CI, 0.16 to 0.93; P = 0.034).
Most clinical events were renal; however, hazard ratios and odds ratios for renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events separately were also consistent with a treatment effect (Table 2). Secondary analyses of protocol-adherent patients that adjusted for baseline proteinuria demonstrated a more pronounced treatment effect compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.39 [CI, 0.16 to 0.93]; P = 0.034) (Figure 2, bottom).
Figure 3 shows the treatment effects evaluated in subgroups stratified by the median value for each of 3 baseline kidney function measures. Patients with baseline estimated GFRs greater than 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.19 [CI, 0.05 to 0.82]; P = 0.025) had a stronger treatment effect than patients with GFRs of 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or less (hazard ratio, 0.85 [CI, 0.32 to 2.3]; P = 0.75) (formal test for treatment interaction using models that adjusted for baseline proteinuria, P = 0.09). Patients with baseline serum creatinine levels of 132.6 µmol/L or less (≤1.5 mg/dL) had greater treatment effects (hazard ratio, 0.25 [CI, 0.07 to 0.90]; P = 0.034) than those with baseline serum creatinine levels greater than 132.6 µmol/L (>1.5 mg/dL) (hazard ratio, 0.80 [CI, 0.29 to 2.21]; P = 0.66) (formal test for treatment interaction, P = 0.16). We observed a less pronounced difference in patients with baseline proteinuria of 1 or less (hazard ratio, 0.41 [CI, 0.13 to 1.3]; P = 0.13) versus patients with proteinuria greater than 1 (hazard ratio, 0.67 [CI, 0.24 to 1.9]; P = 0.44) (formal test for treatment interaction, P = 0.54).
Proteinuria denotes the urine protein–creatinine ratio. The P values for formal tests for treatment interaction were as follows: baseline serum creatinine level, P = 0.16; baseline eGFR, P = 0.09; and baseline proteinuria, P = 0.54.
Mean serum creatinine level, estimated GFR, and proteinuria did not change between baseline and final assessment in either treatment group. Longitudinal analyses showed nonsignificant decreases in proteinuria and nonsignificant increases in inverse serum creatinine level and estimated GFR over time for the agalsidase-beta group compared with the placebo group (Appendix Figure).
Data are shown as increases or decreases from baseline proteinuria (urinary protein–urinary creatinine ratio) for the placebo group (solid line) and the agalsidase-beta group (dashed line). A mixed model with fixed effects for treatment group, time, and treatment-by-time interactions, as well as random intercepts and slopes, for each patient over time was fit. The overall P value for treatment effect is 0.32.
Overall, 99% of trial participants experienced adverse events, such as rhinitis, coughing, or headache, during the trial. Most events occurred in similar frequencies in both groups and seemed to be unrelated to drug treatment (Appendix Table). During double-blind treatment, 61% of patients in the agalsidase-beta group and 32% of patients in the placebo group reported treatment-related adverse events (Table 3). Most treatment-related events were mild or moderate infusion-associated reactions (most commonly rigors and fever), which occurred in 55% of patients in the agalsidase-beta group and 23% of patients in the placebo group. Most infusion-associated reactions occurred during the first 6 months of treatment.
Of 56 serious adverse events reported for 30 patients, only 3 events were considered to be treatment-related. One patient in the agalsidase-beta group experienced severe hypotension and subsequently had a positive serum IgE test result. We withdrew this patient from the trial. One patient in the agalsidase-beta group developed urticaria and throat congestion, and another patient developed urticaria, rigors, and fever during infusions. Both patients subsequently had positive skin test results. We withdrew 1 patient from the trial, and the other patient continued participation as an institutional review board–approved protocol exception. Both withdrawn patients were subsequently rechallenged and continued receiving the commercial drug. No patient experienced anaphylaxis.
Three patients died during the study. All had clinically significant histories of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or both. The patient in the agalsidase-beta group whose death was a primary end point died of multiple pulmonary emboli. The patient had massive lymphedema and had habitually used methamphetamine. The other 2 patients died secondary to their primary end points: 1 patient in the agalsidase-beta group died of sudden cardiac arrest and 1 patient in the placebo group died of cardiac arrest 1 week after a stroke. The investigators did not consider any death to be related to treatment.
The investigators detected IgG antibodies in 43 (68%) of the 63 patients who received agalsidase beta at any time during the trial. Of the 55 men who received agalsidase beta, 14 (26%) remained seronegative. Titers were not available for 1 man after his transition to open-label therapy. Of the 8 women who received agalsidase beta, 5 (63%) remained seronegative. One seropositive man and all 3 seropositive women tolerized. Mean infusion time decreased during the study to almost half of the initial time in both treatment groups.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed that agalsidase-beta therapy reduced the likelihood of any clinical event (composite outcome) in patients with advanced Fabry disease, indicating a slower progression of severe manifestations. Among the renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular end points monitored in the study, deteriorating kidney function was the most frequent, which is not surprising because mild to moderate kidney disease was required for trial participation. As in earlier studies, agalsidase beta was tolerated reasonably well; transient mild or moderate infusion-associated reactions occurred in 55% of the treated patients and declined in frequency over time (12–13, 15). The results of our trial support and extend the findings of smaller studies and case reports describing the effects of agalsidase-beta therapy, 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks (15, 29–38). These studies, identified by a MEDLINE search of clinical trials on Fabry disease published between 2000 and October 2006, report improvements in cardiac function (30–31, 35), gastrointestinal symptoms (36, 38), and heat tolerance and physical activity (33), as well as stabilization of kidney function (15), reduction of pain (30, 33), and reduction of neuropathic abnormalities (32).
In Fabry disease, glycosphingolipid deposition begins before birth (39) and is cumulative. Thus, early intervention with enzyme replacement therapy would be more beneficial than later intervention, when substrate accumulation may have caused irreversible organ damage. More than a decade of experience with enzyme replacement therapy for a related lysosomal storage disease, type 1 Gaucher disease, has clearly demonstrated that early intervention can prevent progressive disease manifestations (40). The patients with Fabry disease who participated in our trial had an average of 45 years of glycosphingolipid accumulation, resulting in significant kidney dysfunction. We observed greater treatment effects in patients with less severe kidney dysfunction at baseline (Figure 3), although formal tests for interaction were nonsignificant, perhaps due to the small sample size. This is consistent with the results of a recent open-label, single-center study of 26 patients who received agalsidase beta (1 mg/kg every 2 weeks) for a mean of 23 months. Of the 9 patients who experienced clinical events (death, dialysis initiation, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac pacemaker implantation, or atrial fibrillation), all had impaired kidney function at study entry (38).
In our trial, proteinuria emerged as a predictor of clinical outcome. Proteinuria is a well-known risk factor for the progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular illness (41–44), and it was recently implicated as a risk factor for progression of kidney involvement in Fabry disease (15). We did not observe a treatment effect with respect to proteinuria, although longitudinal analyses showed a non–statistically significant decrease in proteinuria in patients in the agalsidase-beta group compared with those in the placebo group. These findings suggest that proteinuria should be monitored in patients with Fabry disease. Treatment with antiproteinuria drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers, should be evaluated, because these drugs have been effective in other diseases and chronic conditions that are associated with proteinuria (45–46). We did not design our trial to evaluate the effects of renoprotective drugs because their potential benefits had not been established when the trial began enrollment. Few patients were taking these drugs at baseline, and the duration of therapy and the specific drugs and dosages prescribed varied considerably. Further studies to evaluate the effect of antiproteinuria drugs on clinical outcome in the setting of enzyme replacement therapy may demonstrate their importance as an adjunctive therapy for Fabry disease.
The major limitation of our trial was the small sample size because of the rarity of Fabry disease and the narrow window of disease severity necessary to quantify clinical benefit within a reasonable time frame. Only one third of the participants experienced clinical events. Six patients withdrew from the double-blind trial before experiencing any outcome event: 3 to obtain commercial therapy and 3 due to positive or inconclusive skin test results or positive IgE test results. Eight patients had major protocol violations, including 5 patients who missed 22% to 87% of their infusions. The effect of such protocol deviations may be negligible in clinical efficacy trials that involve hundreds of participants in each treatment group, but the effect can be substantial when patient numbers are small, as discussed in recent guidelines prepared by the European Medicines Agency for clinical trials in small study populations (47). In particular, nonsystematic errors introduced by protocol violations, such as missed treatments, can lead to bias toward treatment failure.
In conclusion, our placebo-controlled trial indicates that agalsidase beta, 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks, can slow the progression of the serious, life-threatening complications of Fabry disease, even in patients who already have overt kidney dysfunction. Our results also support the rationale for early treatment and the need to evaluate the potential benefit of renoprotective drugs in Fabry disease.
Maryam Banikazemi, MD (New York, New York); John A. Barranger, MD, PhD (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania); Daniel G. Bichet, MD (Montréal, Canada); David Bodensteiner, MD (Kansas City, Kansas); Jan Bultas, MD (Prague, Czech Republic); David Bushinsky, MD (Rochester, New York); Joel Charrow, MD (Chicago, Illinois); Robert J. Desnick, PhD, MD (New York, New York); Christine M. Eng, MD (Houston, Texas); Richard W. Erbe, MD (Buffalo, New York); Paul Fernhoff, MD (Atlanta, Georgia); Richard Finkel, MD (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania); Robert M. Greenstein, MD (Farmington, Connecticut); János Grubits, MD (Sopron, Hungary); Robert J. Hopkin, MD (Cincinnati, Ohio); Marie McDonald, MD (Durham, North Carolina); Seymour Packman, MD (San Francisco, California); C. Ronald Scott, MD (Seattle, Washington); Katherine B. Sims, MD (Boston, Massachusetts); Anna Tylki-Szymanska, MD (Warsaw, Poland); Stephen Waldek, MB, BCh (Manchester, United Kingdom); David G. Warnock, MD (Birmingham, Alabama); Neal Weinreb, MD (Coral Springs, Florida); Michael L. West, MD (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada); William R. Wilcox, MD, PhD (Los Angeles, California); Chester B. Whitley, PhD, MD (Minneapolis, Minnesota); and Philip Wyatt, MD (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
Rekha Abichandani, MD; Amy Burke; Rebecca Cintron, MD; Laura Fitzgerald; Mark Goldberg, MD; Eilleen Horgan; Donna Mackey; Richard Moscicki, MD; Fanny O'Brien, PhD; Sue Richards, PhD; P.K. Tandon, PhD; Crystal C.-C. Sung, PhD; and Karen Welch.
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UNEP Hosts Conference on Intergenerational Equity
7 July 2013: The UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the World Future Council co-hosted a global conference on 'Implementing Intergenerational Equity: Bringing Future Perspectives to the Status Quo,' from 4-5 July 2013, in Geneva, Switzerland. Participants discussed policy tools and mechanisms to take into account future generations and implement sustainable development.
The conference sought to provide input to a report of the UN Secretary-General on 'intergenerational solidarity,' mandated by the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD, or Rio+20).
The outcome document from the event highlights areas of consensus, and outlines the following ideas relating to intergenerational equity: an imperative for action to end damage to the natural world; the need to eradicate poverty for present and future generations; the importance of fostering values of responsibility and empathy in citizens; and the protection of heritage shared between generations.
The document puts forward a proposal for specific institutions and officials tasked with the representation of future generations, at the local, national, and international levels. Such an official would advocate on behalf of future generations and work to implement the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The document suggests the creation of such a role within the UN to drive international implementation and coordination.
Looking forward to the report of the Secretary-General, and follow-up actions by UN Member States, the document calls for continued momentum and clear recommendations for the way forward on intergenerational solidarity. [Conference Synopsis] [WFC Blog Post] [Conference Programme] [IISD RS Sources]


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N. A. Pereyra, D. E. Vanden Berk, D. J. Hillier, D. A. Turnshek (University of Pittsburgh)
Using SDSS quasar spectra taken at multiple epochs, we have found that the typical flux density differences can be fit by a standard thermal accretion disk model in which the accretion rate has changed from one epoch to the next. This suggests that most of the UV/optical variability is due to processes involving the disk, and that a significant fraction of the spectrum comes directly from the disk. Thus, the UV radiation needed for processes such as line-driven winds could also be emitted by the disk itself. This work is funded in part by the National Science Foundation Grant AST-0071193.
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Johnson is runner-up at Pike's Peak climb
Jeremiah Johnson of Peahi finished runner-up in his division during the Pike's Peak International Hill Climb on Sunday in Colorado.
Johnson, who competed in the all-electric Exhibition Powersports-Z class, finished the 12.42-mile uphill course in 12 minutes, 5 seconds. Hollywood Electrics teammate Jeff Clark edged him by five seconds.
"It's an extremely dangerous ride," Johnson said. "We're racing on the edge of a cliff. Kind of like going up Haleakala."
Platt fourth at world skimboarding event
Kula's Zach Platt placed fourth in the age 25-29 amateur division of the World Skimboarding Championships on Sunday at Laguna Beach, Calif.
Platt finished second in his first-round heat Saturday, then won his semifinal-round heat Sunday.
The 29-year-old Platt was awarded the Sportsmanship Award following the competition.
Isagawa wins amateur golf event in Canada
The University of Oregon's Cassy Isagawa finished at 16-under-par 280 en route to winning the British Columbia Women's Amateur golf tournament last week at Pitt Meadows, British Columbia.
Isagawa, a Baldwin High School alumnus, won by four strokes over three players.
Isagawa set a Pitt Meadows Golf Club record by shooting a 6-under 68 in Thursday's third round, then matched the total in the final round.


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Comments Thread For: Gianluca Branco, Sofiane Takoucht Win EU Titles
43-year old veteran Gianluca Branco won the vacant EU jr. welterweight title this past Saturday night in Civitavecchia with a unanimous decision over Pole Krzysztof Bienias. The judges had it 117-111, 117-113 and 116-113. Older brother Silvio, 46, is also still around and there are rumors of another showdown against Giacobbe Fragomeni. Both Branco brothers are promoted by OPI 2000. [Click Here To Read More]
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NEWARK, Del. -- In a search for increased funds, the Produce for Better Health Foundation will consider relaxing the criteria for produce items that can be promoted under the 5-a-Day umbrella. The foundation is assembling a task force of industry representatives that will mull over this and other options for building a more solid funding base. "It's open-ended, which means we're going to look at everything, including items that might not come under the strict guidelines of the National ...
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Smells Like Teen Marketing
3iYing teams up with design-conscious teen girls in a radical approach to pushing everything from tampons to cell phones
Plus: 3iYing's $200 Billion Pitch >>
If you think Virgin Mobile has the teen market all figured out, think again. In April, a team of eight intrepid young women met with the marketing team at the hip wireless-phone outfit to explain that its ads in teen magazines like CosmoGIRL were out of sync with the 21st-century girl.
"We just didn't relate to them," says 18-year-old Guyesha Guzman, referring to a few ads, one of which featured a rabbi accompanied with the text: "Cell-phone contracts, avoid them like shellfish."
"Huh? How will that get me to buy a phone?" muses Guzman.
The group presented Virgin Mobile with ideas about what works for young women like themselves, clearly a target market for Virgin. First off, they pointed out that girls on an allowance just can't afford the Virgin "pay as you go" plans, especially with all their nonstop chatter. So, parents' participation was key to Virgin's success with the teen audience. The team introduced Virgin Mobile to the concept of the "Parent Trap," and how young girls like to play on their parents' emotions to get what they want -- in this instance, the Virgin phone.
In August, Virgin Mobile ran ads -- in teen magazines like CosmoGirl -- with a tear-out phone that girls could use to playfully fake phone conversations and guilt-trip their parents into buying them more minutes. Virgin Mobile said it had been working with the idea about the teen-parent pitch before it met with 3iYing. "That's not to say 3iYing didn't talk to us about that idea, but it was executed for us by another agency," says Bob Stohrer, Virgin Mobile vice-president of brand and communications, who acknowledged that he was impressed with the refreshing and bold ideas of the 3iYing team, and thought they were breakthrough thinkers.
Welcome to the world of imaginative ideas and 3iYing, a new design and marketing firm started by Chief Executive Heidi Dangelmaier. The eccentric founder is known for the girl-market insights she has given to companies such as Sega, which she pushed to make video games for girls. 3iYing is in the extreme-makeover business, providing brands and corporations with strategies developed by smart girls, ranging in age from 15 to 25.
To get her team of 20, Dangelmaier scoured the New York High School of Art & Design and LaGuardia High School of Music & Performing Arts. Students at these specialized schools "have a very developed sense of design, which is why they're able to think forward," says Dangelmaier. 3iYing -- whose name combines a reference to the all-seeing third eye on the U.S. dollar bill with "ying," representing feminine potential -- launched in January.
Demographic trends indicate that potential for the young outfit is quite vast. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of teens aged 12 to 19 soared to 32 million, an increase of nearly 4.5 million. The demographic's 17% growth rate far outpaced the growth of the rest of the population, according to Mediamark Research.
They're also a robust part of the economy, wielding increasing influence on household purchases. For example, in 2003, nearly half -- 47% -- of 9- to 17-year-olds were asked by their parents to go online to find out about products or services, vs. 37% in 2001. And surveys show that today's teens are among the biggest consumers of iPods and cell phones.
For many companies, the junior customer is the fastest-growing market. "That set of young consumers of girls aged 9 to 17 has been one of the fastest-growing segments in apparel in the past two years," points out Harry Adjmi, CEO of One Step Up, a New York company that supplies clothing to retailers Wal-Mart (WMT) and Macy's (FD), as well as specialty stores like Charlotte Russe and Forever 21. Adjmi has hired 3iYing to develop his own One Step Up line.
"Once [major retailers] realized how big this customer segment is, figuring out how to service this consumer has leaped to the forefront," says Stan Greenstein, chief operating officer of Sara Max, a New York manufacturer of sleepwear and undergarments for retailers like J.C. Penney (JCP). Greenstein is working with 3iYing to develop a line of junior sleepwear and lingerie for J.C. Penney, exploring the dramatic change in the way teenagers view lingerie. One key insight: Boundaries between bed wear and outdoor wear are falling fast and hard.
Beyond apparel, 3iYing is working with Smart Design, an industrial-design firm perhaps best known for its work on the OXO International line of household products. Smart Design CEO Davin Stowell says in order to create products that meet consumers' unspoken needs, designers today shadow people and watch them use products. "To design for a 13-year-old girl, it doesn't matter how much we observe them -- we live in the mind-set of a 25- to 45-year-old," says Stowell, who is in the process of scouting a corporate partner for 3iYing's ideas.
In its 10 months, Dangelmaier's young team has come up with radical ideas on how to design and sell everything from condoms and lingerie to food. They call these ideas "Girl Made, Girl Approved." The teens started by leafing through dozens of girl magazines and analyzing the advertisements. In the process, they found that most brands are out of touch with the 21st-century girl and her desires.
For instance, 16-year-old team member Michelle Cuello points out that tampon marketing is hopelessly out of tune with how today's teenagers feel. She points to ads that feature a goldfish in a leaky bowl, with a tag line that says something like, "A single leak could ruin your life." Or another ad featuring a woman with a shark in the water, with a tag line about how a leak can attract unwanted attention. "The ads highlight fear and shame, and [are] about how this tampon will fix a problem," says Cuello.
Such insights are invaluable to people like Smart Design's Cuello. "These young girls are tackling serious subjects like feminine products, which have been traditionally designed and marketed by men at big corporations -- [men] who don't have a clue to the emotional needs of the customer," says Cuello. "That's pretty powerful."
Once the girls identify products they believe are either ill-designed or poorly marketed, they survey their worldwide network of friends via e-mail, or in Internet communities like MySpace.com. They come up with a list of what girls really want and what appeals to them about the product. Then the team redesigns the product and comes up with a marketing campaign that resonates with their age group.
"Such group creativity and content-sharing makes a product far superior to anything that you will ever find," says 3iYing's Dangelmaier. Moreover, members of Gen Y have come to expect a degree of co-creation. A Nov. 2 Pew report says, "Fully half of all teens and 57% of teens who use the Internet could be considered Content Creators. They have created a blog or Web page, posted original artwork, photography, stories, or videos online, or remixed online content into their own new creations."
To be sure, there are pitfalls to an approach where consumers design their own products. Corporations often have found that consumers might not necessarily know what they want, nor do they have the ideas or the acumen to invent what they might want five years from now, warns Chip Walker, executive vice-president and director of planning at marketing and communications firm BBDO in Chicago. Says Walker: "There's no substitute for vision."
It's clear from the solutions presented by 3iYing, however, that Dangelmaier has found a team that can cut through the clutter pretty quickly. And despite the girls' inexperience, their insights do seem to be on target. Although Virgin Mobile didn't, in the end, hire 3iYing, its Web site now presents a segment, developed by agencies Fallin and Mother, titled "Parental Enlightenment" -- educate your folks as to why you need the phone and instructions on how to pressure parents to buy you a Virgin Mobile phone.


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by Ellen Douglas
"This is a story that has been waiting for me—and now I am old enough to tell it." So begins Ellen Douglas's remarkable new short-story collection. The author of seven previous books (one of which, Apostles of Light, was nominated for a National Book Award in 1973), Douglas here embroiders and expands on a quartet of quietly startling stories that have been passed down through her family. The narratives range throughout the Deep South, across generations of extended clans wealthy enough to have their ancestors' portraits on the walls and servants in the kitchen. In one, an African-American woman cares for a dying white man who turns out to have more life in him than his loved ones could have imagined. In another, a web of friends and relations conceals a genteel, seething hothouse of lust and betrayal. In a third, the echoes of a slave revolt and its brutal suppression ripple through generations.
Douglas's themes—race relations, family, truth and memory, polite behavior and unruly passions—make the lessons and the legacy of the past seem timely and contemporary. Reading this hardheaded, brave and charming collection is like listening to a funny and gifted family story-teller on a summer afternoon, on a shady porch, somewhere in the South. Fortunately, this Truth had to come out sooner or later. (Algonquin, $18.95)
Bottom Line: Powerful family chronicles shared with restraint and Southern good manners
Picks and Pans Review: Truth: Four Stories I Am Finally Old Enough to Tell
updated 09/28/1998 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 09/28/1998 AT 01:00 AM EDT
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Top Definition
A sausage with attitude.
Real men don't eat quiche; they eat sassages. So do real women. Sassages are the new fish. They are the new black.
av Sarah Shrubb 11 mars 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
slang for a full service massage offered in a brothel posing as a legitimate massage parlor.
my dry streak went on for so long that I went and got myself a sassage.
av disgruntled hobbiest 2 februari 2009
SA-SAGE : cock, dick , willy, schlong , your moms best friend
"hey hinerman how you like that sassage in the anal passage" "oh i love it man especially steve guantts when we make out at partys and fuck each other in the brown eye"
av ell pizzle 11 oktober 2004
A word with no signifigance but just their to answer a question you don't give a shit about.
Tom: Hey Mark, how's your girl friend doing.
av Shittles 28 maj 2007
another word for penis, cock, schlong, dong, etc.
I stuck my polish sassage in her.
av greg 11 januari 2004


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Click here to view or print the entire July report compliments of the ACRE Corporate Cabinet.
Mobile area residential sales totaled 376 units in July, exceeding our monthly forecast by 10 units or 2.7 percent. The year-to-date sales forecast through July projected 2,375 closed transactions - while actual closings were 2,260 units representing a 4.8 percent cumulative variance.
Pricing: The Mobile area median sales price in July was $120,000, an improvement of 4.3 percent from last July ($115,000). In contrast, the July median price was slipped 8.0 percent when compared to the prior month. This direction is an improvement from recent near-term trends and historical data ('09-'13) indicating that the July median sales price traditionally decreases from the month of June by 2.3 percent. Pricing can fluctuate from month-to-month as the sample size of data (closed transactions) is subject to seasonal buying patterns. Year-to-date, the median price has improved 6.3 percent from 2013. The Center highly recommends consulting with a real estate professional to discuss prices as it can and will vary from neighborhood to neighborhood.
Supply: The Mobile area housing inventory in July was 2,769 units, a decrease of 4.1 percent from July 2013. Inventory has now declined 25.4% from the month of July peak (3,711 units) reached in 2010. There was 7.4 months of housing supply (6 months represents a balanced market for this time of year) in July 2014 versus 7.6 months of supply in July 2013. The market continues to gradually move toward equilibrium which is encouraging news.
July inventory in the Mobile Area increased 1.2 percent from the prior month. This movement is consistent with historical data indicating that July inventory on average ('09-'13) traditionally remains unchanged from the month of June. As seller confidence in the housing market continues to gradually strengthen, more listings for sale can be anticipated in 2014 and beyond along with more new home construction. This is important because the "quality" of inventory has become a market impediment according to recent surveys.
Demand: Residential sales improved 14.3 percent from the prior month. Historical data indicates that July sales, on average ('09-'13), decrease from the month of June by 1.3 percent.
Existing single family home sales accounted for 93 percent (up from 90% in July'13) of total sales while 6 percent (down from 7% in July'13) were new home sales and 1 percent (down from 3% in July'13) were condo transactions.
Industry Perspective: "Housing data point to a continued but modest rebound in the housing market, in line with our prior forecast," said Fannie Mae Chief Economist Doug Duncan. "Recent housing activity picked up seasonally as we expected, yet many indicators remain near or below the levels for the same period last year. For all of 2014, we continue to expect total home sales to decline about 2.0 percent and total mortgage originations to decline approximately 41.0 percent. We also expect total single-family mortgage debt outstanding to rise slightly this year before strengthening further in 2015." For full report, go HERE.
See how Mobile compares to other Alabama real estate markets.
2013 Mobile Residential Recap - Sales Up 14%
The Mobile Residential Monthly Report is work product developed in conjunction with the Mobile Area Association of REALTORS to better serve gulf coast consumers. The ACRE monthly report is provided to illustrate the "general" market direction & trends when comparing prior periods with the most current residential data available. Real estate is local and statistics will fluctuate between areas within an area including subdivisions, and ACRE recommends that you consult a local real estate professional for "specific" advice associated with your market.
The Mobile Area Association of REALTORS® (MAAR) provides ongoing education, training, information and support services to help members succeed. In partnership with our business affiliates, we add value to the community by advocating private property rights, providing community services and promoting quality of life. We are dedicated to the highest standards of ethics and professionalism.
The Alabama Center for Real Estate's core purpose is to advance the real estate industry in Alabama by providing relevant resources in the areas of research, education and outreach. ACRE was founded by legislative act in 1996 due to the efforts of the Alabama Real Estate Commission, the Alabama Association of REALTORS and the Office of the Dean, UA Culverhouse College of Commerce to serve the State of Alabama real estate industry and the consumers it serves. ACRE is not a state-funded entity, rather its operates in part because of the goodwill & generosity of Alabama real estate licensees, the ACRE Corporate Cabinet and our statewide ACRE Partners.
For other Alabama real estate resources & news, please visit our website and our ACRE blog. You can also follow ACRE from our facebook page and on twitter @uaacre.


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Accident at 86th and 40th after car turns into oncoming traffic
A vehicle is towed from the intersection of 86th Avenue and S.E. 40th Street after a collision on Friday, Jan. 21.
A collision occurred when an elderly woman failed to yield to oncoming traffic while making a left turn around 11:30 a.m. on Friday, Jan. 21, at the intersection of 86th Avenue and S.E. 40th Street.
Commander Leslie Burns with the Mercer Island Police Department said the woman was taken to the hospital with a laceration on her arm.
Burns said it was a glancing blow type of accident. There were no other injuries. The street was blocked off and police directed traffic until the accident scene was cleared at 12:30 p.m.
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director Baker bt 213,000+ on 5/13 at 34.109 and bt on 5/14 27000 at 35+
Sentiment: Strong Buy
FWIW.....the Bakers have bought a boat load of GHI over the years in many transactions....particularly on dips..... but this last round of buying is at the highest share prices they have ever paid....draw your own conclusion....
and another new highest share price paid by the Bakers....71,000+ shares acquired Wednesday avg of $36.45....they aren't waiting for dips any more apparently....don't know if they've come into new funds thru deposits or liquidations of other positions but they have definitely become much more aggressive here.....great science, great company, great stock....
What is important to notice is that Insiders control 53% and going private is a possibility.The Bakers are M&A artists but maybe they'll make an exception in this case since the genomic market is expected to grow to 25 B
I assume you meant GHDX ? - )
I've drawn my conclusions. - ))
also options to but from top brass the last couple of days..Popivits and others get shares for ? $2.88 ...somebody is going to be rich!
ps- ignore the thumbs from the INSM idiots.


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Daily deal sites are a dime a dozen, so we won't blame you if you can barely keep track. Especially if you feel that the deals aren't really targeted to you (for us apartment-dwellers, that unfortunately includes Groupon Home & Garden!).
But this problem extends beyond customers who have to deal with a bloated inbox — a common complaint of businesses who offer Groupons is that the deal-buyers aren't returning customers — and that's in large part because the bigger deal sites are casting their net too wide.
Until now. We rounded up daily deal sites — some brand new, others a bit older — that are doing the exact opposite: catering to a specific audience instead of trying to reach the masses (and compete with giants like Groupon). These focus on niche markets full of people with major purchasing power — which gives advertisers and businesses a better bang for their buck.
For Gay Men: The Daily Hookup
Mario Correa and John Stubbs founded this new site after realizing that only "about one in 20 of the deals" they saw would be worth clicking on, the New York Times reports. Now, men in L.A., New York, D.C. and San Francisco can find deals ranging from men's clothing designer John Bartlett (a first partnership for him with any deal site) to furniture store Design Within Reach. All deals are curated by 12 gay men who serve as experts in varying industries. As Pranav Vora, founder and chief executive of men's dress shirt company Hugh & Crye told the Times, he'd rather partner with this smaller niche site than Living Social, since the latter lacks "the type of discerning customers we are looking for."
For Plus-Size Women: Clique to Know
Gilt Groupe better make room. There's a new flash sale site specializing in designer threads sizes 10 and up, and it launches on June 28. CEO Melissa Ramos founded the company with mom Patricia Durán under the premise that shopping shouldn't be a chore. "The average size in the US is 14 and many great brands actually do make clothing in larger sizes, so we decided to create an online destination where women know they'll find the designer labels they love in the sizes they want," she said. Expect designers like Rachel Pally, T-Bags, Fresh Laundry, Kay Unger, and Rani Zakhem and more at 50% to 80% off, with new sales running every 72 hours. The one-stop shop will also feature designer accessories, lingerie and beauty.
For Members of the Tribe: JDeal
Besides enough Yiddishisms and Jewish puns to make any Mike Myers character verklempt, the site offers deals on kosher restaurants and Jewish-owned salons and shops in traditionally Jewish neighborhoods. With almost 10,000 people on its email list — plus a social media reach to 15,000 people — the site has definitely earned its Mazel Tov (sorry, we couldn't resist). As co-founder Jodi Samuels explains in Fast Company, her site ends up bringing new and better business to the venues they feature because her audience is so targeted: "Now a quality venue hidden on a side street of the Upper West Side of Manhattan that relies on local clientele can suddenly reach a large audience who are incentivized to try them out. It also allows general businesses, like a comedy club, to target a niche demographic. If the comedy club was in a Jewish area offering kosher wine as part of a deal, it suddenly increases its market reach."
For Moms: Mamapedia, Living Social Families, DoodleDeals
Now even the most harried moms have three options to find local and national deals ranging from summer camps for their kids to convenient foldable ballet flats. This demographic is clearly a desirable one for many businesses, including the luxury markets which have exploded with a slew of new kids lines. Lesson learned: Never underestimate the buying power of a mom, or her demanding toddler.
For Dudes: Thrillist Rewards
The daily-email for young men has expanded into the deals arena. Think handgun lessons and unlimited wing specials, along with your usual whiskey and margarita tastings. The weekly email is certainly a breath of fresh air when compared to the onslaught of daily e-mails in our inbox, and the bro-worthy encouragement ("You = Attractive") upon signing up wasn't too bad either.


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Pittsburgh Controller Michael Lamb is cautioning Pittsburgh City Council members regarding their use of their discretionary city funds.
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Using a for loop in an arraylist
Hello, I'm having some beginner dificulties with programming an arraylist to draw certain objects from subclasses.
In my paint method I want to use a for loop to walk through my arraylist and draw these objects, like this:
//een arraylist die wordt gevuld met de bewegendedelen
thanks in advance!
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Star Wars Episode 7
Disney's purchase of Lucasfilm can only mean one thing, the return of the Star Wars Trilogy with Star Wars Episode 7. The Walt Disney Co. has earned credibility with diehard fans by keeping its fingerprints off important film franchises like those produced by its Marvel Entertainment. Disney's formula for success with Marvel was not to tamper with storylines, but to bring the existing franchise under its corporate umbrella. Star Wars Episode 7 is set to hit the big screen in 2015 with plans to make at least 3 more after that. Casting dates have not yet been announced but the casting directors are now taking applications for several actors for the new project. This is a great opportunity for actors looking for their big break and for fans of the Star Wars films.
Based on early statements from Lucasfilm, this set of Episode 7 would have taken place from approximately 40 years after the events depicted in Return of the Jedi. The sequel trilogy was to feature Luke Skywalker as a Jedi Master in his sixties, passing on the torch to the next generation of Jedi, the dismantlement of the last remnants of the Galactic Empire and the rebuilding of the Galactic Republic.
Casting for Star Wars Episode 7 has not yet begun but the casting directors are now taking applications for several roles in the film. They are looking for union and non union actors for several extra roles. Please keep checking back often for more information on casting dates and times.


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National Cupcake Week: Elvis Cupcakes
I based this recipe on the banana and chocolate cupcake from The Primrose Bakery Cupcake Book.
Original Recipe:
125g unsalted butter
250g caster sugar
2 large eggs (free range)
1tsp vanilla
250g plain flour
2tsp baking powder
4 over ripe bananas mashed with a fork
175g plain chocolate chips
Preheat the oven to 160C (fan) and line a 12 hole muffin tin with cupcake cases.
In a large bowl cream together the butter and sugar until light and smooth, about 5 minutes. Add the eggs and vanilla extract and briefly beat again. Add the flour and baking powder and beat until well combined. Stir in the mashed banana and chocolate chips with a wooden spoon..
Carefully spoon the mixture into the cupcake cases, filling them to about two thirds full. Bake in the preheated oven for 20 - 25 minutes.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool in the tin for 10 minutes. Transfer the cakes to a wire rack to cool completely.
9 comments
I certainly couldn't resist these if I had them in front of me. They look awesome!ReplyDelete
These look delicious, love the Elvis combo xReplyDelete
I have real piping envy - how does your butter icing look so perfect!!! :)Gorgeous CCsReplyDelete
Oh I'll have one of these - they look delish - wish I could ice like thatReplyDelete
Ugh, this flavour combination is possibly too amazing. If need be they could be Elvissed up a little bit more with some deep-frying... :PReplyDelete
Elivs cupcakes? I love it! Chocolate and banana is such a great combination too. Yum.ReplyDelete
Katie, your piping is perfect! Love the sound and look of these cupcakes.ReplyDelete
Ok I love bananas and i love chocolate chips in desserts, so together they must be a masterpiece! These look delicious.ReplyDelete
i just found your blog through Blairs.. i wish i could bake even a fraction as well as you can! Great blog!ReplyDelete


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Despite the astonishing modernity of Singapore's skyline and astonishing urban planning efforts, remnants of years past still exist, and it can be very pleasant indeed to make a day out of touring some its finest examples. Make it a point to visit the following.
1. Botanic Gardens – The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a great place to set out for a family picnic and a pleasant, afternoon stroll. The grounds were originally designed during the colonial period, and evidence of this bygone era abound. These are divided into themed zones (such as an orchid garden and a rainforest zone) and feature lovely and stately Victorian gazebos, pavilions, and ornate bandstands.
2. Fort Canning Cemetery – The oldest Christian cemetery in the city, the cemetery at the top of Government Hill was established in 1822. The oldest remaining headstones and tombs date to 1835 (all that remains of the first graves are the bits of tombstones that are embedded in the wall that was later constructed partly with these materials some decades after the site opened). The cemetery was originally reserved for members of the Anglican Church and other Protestants, but the cemetery was eventually opened up to Catholics as well. Those possessed of a desire to witness a slightly more morbid example of the colonial influence and impact on Singapore will not be disappointed.
3. Indian Convict Settlement – For tourists interested in a glimpse of the brutality of the colonial system in Singapore could do worse than visiting this vestige of the British slave labor system. Beginning in 1826 as a result of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Indian "convicts" were housed at Temenggong Village near the Singapore River and later relocated to permanent buildings erected for them between Bras Basah Road and Stamford Road. There were as many as 2,000 convicts housed here at one time. Today, these structures persist as evidence of the dark side of colonial rule.
Planning a trip? Browse Viator's Singapore tours and things to do, Singapore attractions, and Singapore travel recommendations. Or book a private tour guide in Singapore for a customized tour!


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A metro grandmother was arrested Wednesday on multiple complaints including driving while under the influence of drugs with her 3-year-old granddaughter in the car.
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