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MPA NEWS Vol. 13, No. 4 January-February 2012
Paper Parks Re-Examined: Building a Future for "MPAs-in-Waiting"
On the Current State of MPA Science: An Interview with Joachim Claudet
Australian Government Releases Proposal for Large Coral Sea MPA; Stakeholders Respond
Notes & News:
MPA enforcement - Southern California - Uruguay - High seas MPAs - Baltic and northeast Atlantic - Australia - Marine mammal protected areas - Prisoners fishing in no-take area - Marine debris forum
From the Database: The Northernmost MPAs
PAPER PARKS RE-EXAMINED: BUILDING A FUTURE FOR "MPAs-IN-WAITING"
In the field of marine protected areas, an unfortunate reality is that many sites are "paper parks". Existing on paper - in laws and on maps - but failing to provide effective management and enforcement, these sites offer the promise of robust protection without the reality of it. Budget shortfalls, faulty planning, insufficient community support...there are many reasons why an MPA may be a paper park. Overcoming the reasons for failure and steering these sites to a functional state pose big challenges for the MPA community.
Nonetheless, paper parks also offer an opportunity. The fact they have already been designated provides at least the seed for protection, particularly in jurisdictions where there is opposition to new MPAs. Conceivably this seed can sprout if given the right attention and resources.
That may be easier said than done in this time of tight government finances and stretched management budgets. But practitioners are examining the opportunities at MPAs both large and small. In this issue of MPA News, we examine efforts to build a more effective and sustainable future for paper parks.
Paper parks affecting debate on MPA usefulness
When MPA News published its first article on paper parks in 2001 (MPA News 2:11), we described reasons many MPAs fail and how practitioners were working to strengthen individual sites. Each year since then, that issue of the newsletter has remained among the most downloaded from our website - an indication that paper parks remain a significant problem. Case in point: an assessment of management effectiveness at coral reef MPAs worldwide, conducted by the World Resources Institute for its 2011 report Reefs at Risk Revisited, found that 47% of the sites were ineffective in meeting their goals, as opposed to fully or partially effective (www.wri.org/publication/reefs-at-risk-revisited).
The phenomenon of paper parks has entered the public debate on usefulness of MPAs. In a newspaper opinion piece in 2010, a representative of California state wildlife wardens called for a halt to designating new no-take marine reserves in California waters, citing a lack of funds to enforce the sites adequately. His portrayal of the new MPAs as "Marine Poaching Areas" - productive areas where poachers would be able to fish illegally without fear of arrest - was picked up by opponents of the proposed sites. (Published in the Sacramento Bee, the opinion piece is no longer available on the newspaper's website.)
At least those California sites are inshore, relatively visible to coastal monitors. The farther offshore an MPA is, and the larger its area, the bigger challenge enforcement can become. A recent article in Nature magazine suggested that the current global trend of designating very large MPAs in remote areas would make the problem of paper parks worse ("Ocean Conservation: Uncertain Sanctuary", http://bit.ly/naturepaperparks).
Developing ways to supplement at-sea enforcement
Among the newest, largest, and most remote MPAs in the world are shark sanctuaries, where fishing for sharks is banned to provide refuge from rampant global overfishing. At least six nations have designated a shark sanctuary across their EEZs in the past decade: Palau, the Maldives, Honduras, the Bahamas, Tokelau, and the Marshall Islands. Although the land area of some of these nations is very small, their marine areas can be enormous - hundreds of thousands of square kilometers in some cases.
Matt Rand is director of the Global Shark Conservation Campaign for Pew Environment Group, an NGO that has partnered with the above nations and local NGOs to develop shark sanctuary plans. He acknowledges that enforcement of the shark sanctuaries, particularly for developing nations, is difficult.
"At-sea enforcement is expensive," says Rand. "Monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement of the Exclusive Economic Zones of many developing countries are insufficient to ensure that pirate fishers of sharks will be apprehended. Even when caught, bonds and fines are sometimes too low to serve as a deterrent."
With those challenges in mind, some in the MPA field have viewed the shark sanctuaries as paper parks: the sites lack the at-sea enforcement capacity to back up their ambitious goals. But Rand says there are ways around the at-sea enforcement dilemma, namely by strengthening enforcement elsewhere, like at port.
"Enforcement at port does not require additional infrastructure, and additional training costs for customs and port officials can be minimal," he says. "For this reason, Pew advocates for measures that prohibit the possession, trade, or sale of sharks or shark products as part of a nation's shark sanctuary regulation or legislation. With no way to legally land or export sharks or shark fins at domestic ports, the incentive to target sharks is reduced, if not completely eliminated. Boats catching sharks are forced to go farther and use more fuel to get to ports where they can offload their catch."
When the Marshall Islands first designated its shark sanctuary, for example, it still allowed fishermen to retain bycatch of sharks - caught when the fishermen targeted other species. This left a loophole that fishermen could use to sell shark fins, claiming they had not meant to catch the sharks. Pew worked with the Marshall Islands Conservation Society and the Marshall Islands Marine Resource Authority to ban all sales of sharks or shark products in the nation, closing the bycatch loophole.
In addition, Rand supports "appropriately prohibitive fines" to prevent penalties from being absorbed by offenders as a cost of doing business. And where locals are dependent on the shark trade, compensation can be useful to encourage their switch to other trades, he says. When the Maldives government designated its shark sanctuary, for example, it simultaneously bought out the operators and gear of a small-boat shark fishery that supplied export markets.
At-sea enforcement does have its occasional successes, too, which can serve to supplement the port-based actions. Rand notes that in November 2011 a US Coast Guard vessel patrolling Marshallese national waters intercepted a vessel transporting shark fins and skins. And in December 2011 a Palauan patrol boat, aided by a Greenpeace ship and helicopter, intercepted a Taiwanese vessel with sharks and fins aboard. Legal action is underway against the offending vessels.
"The development of shark sanctuaries is a bright spot for shark conservation," says Rand. "We hope to see many more countries following the lead of these small coastal nations."
Is a paper park better than no park at all?
Paper parks exist on land as they do at sea. When Yellowstone was designated in 1872 as the first US national park, there was virtually no enforcement of its regulations against hunting, logging, and other extractive activity. Poaching was rampant. The situation was so bad that in 1886 the US Army was handed management control of the park, which it held for 30 years (until the National Park Service was established by Congress).
Today that history is often forgotten. The park's management and enforcement - long since returned to civilian control and continuously improved over time - are models of good practice. At this point, there might be a temptation to view the park's first years as wasted time, that the park would have done just as well to be designated later when management capacity was stronger. But is that correct? If the government had delayed designation for decades until management capacity was ready, and while demands on resource use in the area continued to increase, would the resulting park look the same in terms of its boundaries and regulations?
A similar scenario could be imagined for paper parks in the marine realm. Mark Spalding, who co-edited a 2010 UNEP report on global MPA coverage (Global Ocean Protection: Present Status and Future Possibilities; www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-053.pdf) and co-authored the above-mentioned Reefs at Risk Revisited report, says paper parks can serve a very basic purpose. "Quite a few sites have become more effective over time, and this may be the key," says Spalding. "Designation can provide a framework for protection that can then be improved and revised. The ineffective MPAs then become sort of 'MPAs-in-waiting'. At least the marker is down, and that might be critical as competition for the use of ocean space increases."
Part of the waiting aspect of MPAs-in-waiting may be for technologies and strategies to catch up to the need. Spalding says it is hard to imagine a situation, for example, where large "mega-MPAs" will ever effectively be enforced by conventional means like patrol boats and planes. "But we can get savvier," he says. "The use of unmanned surveillance vessels or aircraft is relatively untested in MPAs, but has huge potential.* Elsewhere, including in smaller MPAs, we perhaps need to get others involved to do the policing for their own benefit: those might be tourists, artisanal fishers, or even international commercial fishers operating under license, rather than patrol vessels. Incentives could be put in place to ensure these users benefit from reporting on activities that affect their own use or enjoyment of the resources."
[* Editor's note: A 2010 report on emerging enforcement technologies - based on work by the Surveillance and Enforcement of Remote Maritime Areas (SERMA) project, a partnership of resource managers, law enforcement personnel, and other experts - is at www.mcbi.org/publications/pub_pdfs/SERMA.pdf.]
To be clear, Spalding is not a fan of paper parks. He cautions against interpreting his comments as a license to designate MPAs without planning, or to do so against the will of critical stakeholders - which can cause resentment and heighten the potential for noncompliance, he says. He cites as an example the UK's 544,000-km2 Chagos MPA in the Indian Ocean, where displaced Chagossian islanders are still fighting for the right to return to the islands and to use the marine resources there. "In such cases, one can hope that over time and with concerted effort, genuine concerns can be taken into account and compromise achieved," says Spalding.
Funding the transformation of a paper park to functional status
The cost of managing an MPA varies from site to site due to a combination of natural and social factors, including MPA size ("Comparing the Costs of Large vs. Small MPAs...", MPA News 12:6) and number of visitors ("Box: The cost of operating an MPA", MPA News 5:5). In 2003, Kalli De Meyer, former manager of the successful Bonaire National Marine Park in the southern Caribbean, estimated that the 27-km2 site cost roughly US $10,000 per square kilometer (US $100 per hectare) to operate each year.
Without adequate financial support to match circumstances and management needs, an MPA can be driven to paper park status. In the Bahamas in the northern Caribbean, South Berry Island MPA provides an example. The 183-km2 no-take marine reserve, designated in 2009 under the jurisdiction of the Bahamas Department of Marine Resources, regularly experiences illegal fishing and physical damage to its coral reefs. The department suffers from limited resources, both financial and technical, and must ration support across its system of protected areas. As a result there is little funding available for South Berry Island MPA and no active management in place.
However, the MPA received a break in April 2011 when a cruise ship anchored nearby. The ship was hosting an international meeting of entrepreneurs, artists and innovators - the Summit at Sea (www.summitseries.com) - and attendees expressed an interest in focusing their collective energy on a particular project. An idea was embraced to raise funds to support and strengthen a needy marine protected area, including by building a sustainable management framework for it. South Berry Island MPA had the good fortune of being in the right place at the right time.
Within weeks, the MPA was the focus of a US $500,000 online fundraising campaign - an example of "crowdfunding" that has attracted mostly small donations from many individuals online (www.crowdrise.com/summitseriesmpa). As of mid-January 2012, the fundraising goal is already 98% reached, with a particular boost from one entrepreneur who donated $250,000.
The $500,000 target figure was based on a draft management plan of the MPA developed by the Bahamian government and The Nature Conservancy with public stakeholder input. Felicity Burrows, marine conservation specialist in The Nature Conservancy's Northern Caribbean office, says the collected funds will help address several immediate needs of the MPA, including a patrol boat, mooring and marker buoys, signage, and facilities. A portion of the funds will also help build a system to support the MPA's financial sustainability over time. "Effective management of MPAs is not a one-time deal - it is a long-term effort," says Burrows. "Using part of the $500,000 to create sustainable finance mechanisms, like entrance and user fees, is important if the reserve is to remain functional." She notes a feasibility study will determine the most effective funding mechanisms for the site.
M. Sanjayan, lead scientist for The Nature Conservancy worldwide, says that focusing funds and attention on existing paper parks makes sense. "The truth is that many good ideas or efforts languish for often pretty simple reasons," says Sanjayan. "Someone has started the job but not completed it. It is much more efficient to identify these opportunities and complete them than to start from scratch. It is analogous to doing energy-efficiency retrofits on existing buildings: it might not be as sexy as constructing a new highly efficient building, but it can be a much quicker way to achieve your efficiency goals. In the case of South Berry Island MPA, the site had already gone through the time-consuming designation process, and there was also already a local constituency for conservation. The MPA just needed a little financial help getting over the hump, and an investment could bring a great rate of return in terms of conservation outcomes."
The Nature Conservancy has agreed to match the $500,000 raised for South Berry Island MPA dollar for dollar. The match funds will be vested in the Bahamas Protected Areas Fund, an endowment now being established to provide sustainable finance for the Bahamas National Protected Area System.
A decade ago, The Nature Conservancy and partner institutions, with funds from the US Agency for International Development (USAID), conducted a program called Parks in Peril (www.parksinperil.org). The program transformed multiple nonfunctioning terrestrial parks in Latin America to functioning, sustainable conservation efforts. Says Sanjayan, "The key is to be clear about which sites are in trouble because of lack of funding and what the jams are, and to have quantifiable measures to ensure the fund is accountable to outcomes." Those quantifiable measures could include how effectively an area is protected, and how people's lives have been enhanced by the protection.
The Parks in Peril program came to an end when USAID's attention shifted more to sustainable development. However, says Sanjayan, a similar program for MPAs could still be a worthwhile endeavor. "If we had a comprehensive list of marine sites in need of support to transform from paper park to functioning MPA, and we could tie those efforts to quantifiable outcomes, I think a fund could be generated for those paper parks. That could have a shot."
For more information:
Matt Rand, Pew Environment Group, Washington, DC, US. E-mail: email@example.com
Mark Spalding, The Nature Conservancy, Cambridge, UK. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
M. Sanjayan, The Nature Conservancy, Alexandria, Virginia, US. E-mail: email@example.com; Twitter: @msanjayan
BOX: More on paper parks and management effectiveness
What Should Be Done When MPAs Do Not Meet Their Goals? MPA News 9:6
On Defining MPA 'Success' and Choosing an Evaluation Model: Interview with Marc Hockings. MPA News 7:10
Paper Parks in the Philippines: Improved Information Tells a New Story. MPA News 7:6
Problem is Shortage of Capacity, Not Revenue Sources: Proposing a New Approach to Financing Protected Areas. MPA News 5:5
Paper Parks: Why They Happen, and What Can Be Done to Change Them. MPA News 2:11
(All back issues of MPA News are available at www.mpanews.org.)
In recent years, ecologist Joachim Claudet has been at the forefront of MPA science. His studies of European marine reserves - which found that the older and larger a marine reserve is, the greater the density of large fish inside it is - have held important implications for MPA network design and fisheries management ("Older and larger reserves have more large fish" in Special Section, MPA News 10:11).
Now a new book edited by Claudet, with chapters contributed by researchers from around the world, gathers the latest scientific knowledge on MPAs, including on their use in biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Applying findings from ecology, economics, sociology, and more, the book Marine Protected Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Cambridge University Press, 2011) walks readers through the effects of MPAs and how to measure sites' effectiveness. It also discusses the development of representative MPA networks. Claudet, a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research in Perpignan, France, talks below about the current state of MPA science.
MPA News: In your opinion, what have been the most important recent advances in MPA research?
Joachim Claudet: The most important advances lie at four different levels, each of which is presented in the book.
First, important discoveries or confirmation of theory was made on how MPA effects are driven by different factors such as MPA age, size, or level of enforcement. The implications are strong for MPA design and management. For example, even if young and small MPAs can be effective in increasing fish population density, old and large MPAs can show even greater positive responses. Meanwhile no positive responses should be expected from MPAs with low levels of enforcement.
Second, major advances were made on the numerous indirect ecological effects of protection, which are also time-dependent. These effects can involve trophic cascades and complex predator-prey relationships.
Third, the potential socio-economic benefits of MPAs are now becoming clearer. Studies show, for example, that MPAs can lead to jobs and/or revenue increases in activities linked to MPAs such as fishing and tourism, as well as to the maintenance of traditional activities.
Fourth, the general agreement among scientists that MPA networks can optimize conservation and fisheries benefits has led to significant advances in network design and evaluation.
MPA News: What are the most important MPA questions that still require answers?
Claudet: In my opinion, efforts are urgently needed to understand if MPAs can increase the resilience of protected ecosystems. Existing results are, for now, contradictory. Determining if healthier or more "pristine" ecosystems within MPAs can cope with higher regional or global pressures before shifting to alternate states is fundamental to mitigating regional and global change. (Along the same line, understanding how MPAs may help buffer against human-induced selection pressures and protect phenotypic and genetic diversity - to support adaptation to future environmental change - is of major importance.)
Understanding better patterns of connectivity among protected and unprotected areas of MPA networks is also needed, although recent advances have been made in this direction. This information is critical to designing effective ecological networks that can benefit multiple species at a time.
The recent emergence of large-scale pelagic MPAs also calls for new research to better understand how protection can be effective in these habitats and how regulations can be applied offshore over such large, remote areas.
Finally, MPA research publications still focus too often on a given discipline: ecology or economics or genetics or something else. MPAs are social-ecological systems. Future research needs to reflect this fact. Natural and social scientists in the MPA field need to collaborate more to make their work fully multidisciplinary.
For more information:
Joachim Claudet, National Center for Scientific Research, CRIOBE, Perpignan, France. E-mail: email@example.com; Web: http://joachim.claudet.free.fr
In late November, the Australian Government released a draft plan to designate what could be the world's largest marine protected area. Covering 989,842 km2, the proposed Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve would be located in Australian waters of the Coral Sea. The MPA would extend from the eastward boundary of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to the edge of the Australian EEZ, where it would border the waters of Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia.
As proposed, the new MPA would feature four zone types ranging from fully no-take to various levels of managed use. Broadly, the eastern half of the MPA - farther from the mainland and less accessible - would be no-take. The western half of the MPA (the side adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park) would allow recreational fishing through most of it, as well as selected commercial fishing gear types in particular areas. Some gear types - namely demersal trawling, demersal longlining, and gillnetting - would be banned across the entire MPA (demersal means on or near the seabed). Mining and petroleum exploration/development would also be prohibited.
The proposal is the latest step in Australia's move to apply protection to the region. In 2009, the Government under former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd designated the area as an interim conservation zone to protect its ecosystem from increasing pressures while a detailed assessment of the region was undertaken (MPA News 10:11).
The draft plan for the new MPA is available at www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/coralsea/consultation/index.html. It is open for public comment until 24 February 2012. After that, and following any revisions, there will be a formal statutory declaration process with another round of public consultation.
Feedback on the draft plan
The MPA's no-take zone totals 507,487 km2 and would count by itself as one of the largest no-take marine reserves in the world (the no-take Chagos MPA in the Indian Ocean is 544,000-km2). The proposed no-take zone would comprise 490,200 km2 of new protection as well as two existing Commonwealth no-take reserves of approximately 17,290 km2 established in 1982 - Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve and Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve.
However, the draft plan falls short of a campaign by conservation NGOs to have the entire Australian Coral Sea designated off-limits to fishing to protect its ecosystem and make enforcement simpler. The conservation groups are asking the Government to reconsider the draft zoning. Meanwhile fishing associations have expressed concern that the proposal places unnecessary limits on their activities, which they believe are sustainable and do not threaten the ecosystem. Below, three stakeholders weigh in on the proposed MPA.
A. Trawling should be allowed in part of MPA
By Geoff Tilton, President, Queensland Seafood Industry Association (QSIA)
QSIA represents fishermen in Queensland-managed fisheries, and very few of these occur in the proposed Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve, which is in Commonwealth waters. However, of the two major commercial fishing activities that currently occur in the proposed MPA, one is in fact a Queensland-managed fishery: trawling. The trawling occurs in a small 50-km-by-20-km area that is nonetheless important to trawl operators. The trawl area extends out from state waters in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park along a particular depth contour, then loops back to the Park. (The other major commercial fishing activity in the proposed MPA is longline fishing for albacore tuna and swordfish, a Commonwealth-managed fishery.)
It should be noted that within the adjacent Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, bottom trawling for prawns is an accepted, ecologically sustainable activity. However, in the proposed Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve, no bottom trawling would be allowed.
The proposed zoning maps that have been released for comment are not the first set of Coral Sea maps prepared by the Government [specifically, by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities]. Before the current maps were released, an original set was shown to industry and we were asked to comment on them with the view to minimizing the impacts of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve on existing fishing activities. Of the MPA's total area of 1 million km2, the trawl industry operators asked that 1000 km2 - the strip that they currently trawl - be left open to them. By allowing this trawl area, there would be no financial impact on the fishery from the new MPA.
However, the draft plan still contains a total trawl ban. We have a situation where existing trawl ground will be lost and the operational method of the trawl fleet will be severely impacted. No notice was taken by the Department from the original consultation; it seems they just wanted to be able to say, "Trawl is excluded" in announcing the new MPA.
There was also the potential for exploration of new fisheries by commercial fishermen in the area now being closed. Some access to possible future food resources could have been left open while still allowing a huge pristine area.
For more information:
Geoff Tilton, QSIA, Clayfield, Queensland, Australia. E-mail: email@example.com; Web: www.qsia.com.au
B. A much higher level of protection is needed
By Imogen Zethoven, Director, Coral Sea Campaign, Pew Environment Group
Let me start by saying the draft plan does have some strengths. The total reserve area would be nearly 1 million km2, and demersal longlining and trawling - which are either currently active or have recently been active in the area - would be prohibited throughout the entire MPA. In addition, two potential threats to the ecosystem, gillnetting and mining, would be prohibited.
That said, there are some real shortcomings to the draft plan:
The Protect Our Coral Sea coalition - which includes the Pew Environment Group and partner organizations (www.protectourcoralsea.org.au) - is calling for the extension of the proposed no-take zone to include all the reefs, cays, and seamounts of the Coral Sea. These habitats are small, isolated from each other, and vulnerable to frequent cyclone events, which make them less resilient than the interconnected reefs of the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. The coalition is also seeking the extension of the no-take zone over much of the two large trough systems that host the major spawning aggregations of marlin and tunas.
The region is remote and expensive to access. No other part of Australia can offer such major conservation and heritage benefits with so few socio-economic impacts as the Coral Sea. Our goal is to secure a much higher level of protection in the final plan.
For more information:
Imogen Zethoven, Pew Environment Group, Sydney, Australia. E-mail: email@example.com
C. Recreational fishing is not identified as threat, so why a ban in 51% of MPA?
By Judy Lynne, Executive Officer, Sunfish Queensland
I would have preferred to see recreational fishing allowed in all areas of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve. Recreational fishing has not been identified by the Government as posing any risk or threat to the identified values of the Coral Sea. Distance from shore and unpredictable weather already provide extreme limiting factors on the use of this area by recreational fishers. Given the high level of protection already afforded to biodiversity in the adjoining Great Barrier Reef Marine Park as well as in the two existing no-take areas inside the proposed MPA (e.g., Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve and Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve), any additional level of protection in the Coral Sea without any identified risks or threats seems based on politics more than anything else.
Furthermore, limiting access will have little impact on the real ecosystem threats identified in other scientific reports: e.g., diminishing water quality, increasing salinity and turbidity, global warming, and coastal development. In addition, there is no mechanism in the plan to allow flexibility of the zoning scheme as climate and environmental conditions change.
There has been in-depth investigation into identifying the ecosystem values and key biodiversity indicators in the Coral Sea. What is now needed is a risk analysis matrix that can link the real ecosystem threats to the zoning plan.
For more information:
Judy Lynne, Sunfish Queensland. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Web: www.sunfishqld.com.au
MPA enforcement conference delayed to November 2012
The Global MPA Enforcement Conference, sponsored by WildAid and originally scheduled for February 2012, has been postponed to 25-29 November 2012. It will still be held in San Francisco, California, US. The website for the meeting is http://wildaid.org/mpaconference. The name of the meeting has also been changed: it is now called simply the 2012 MPA Conference.
New MPAs take effect in Southern California waters
A systematic network of new marine protected areas took effect on 1 January 2012 along the south coast of the US state of California, from Point Conception to the California/Mexico border. A year earlier, the California Fish and Game Commission adopted regulations to create the network of 36 new MPAs in the region. The regulations were adopted as part of the state's Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) initiative, a region-by-region process to reexamine and redesign the state's MPA system. The south coast region is one of five state-wide study regions in the MLPA planning process.
Combined with existing state MPAs in the region, the MPA network covers roughly 15% of state waters along the south coast. For more information on the MLPA process in general or the south coast MPAs in particular, go to www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa.
Uruguay designates MPA for green turtles
The Uruguayan government has designated a marine protected area around important foraging and nursery habitat for green turtles, as well as habitat for cetaceans and nesting seabirds. Designation of the new Cerro Verde Marine Protected Area is the culmination of more than a decade of planning by local NGO Karumbé (www.karumbe.org) in association with multiple partners including the Conservation Leadership Programme, a coalition of large international conservation NGOs (www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org). Turtle researchers believe that although some of the area's green turtles migrate to Brazil during winter months, other stay in Cerro Verde year-round, including hibernating in underwater caves when the colder winter water arrives.
Report: Legal scenarios for MPAs in areas beyond national jurisdiction
The report of a September 2011 seminar in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, analyzing legal scenarios for MPAs on the high seas is available at www.iddri.org/Publications/Collections/Analyses/A-legal-scenario-analysis-for-marine-protected-areas-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction. The seminar convened experts on the law of the sea, ocean governance, and biodiversity protection. It was co-organized by the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), IUCN, and the French Marine Protected Areas Agency.
Oceana proposes new MPAs for Baltic and northeast Atlantic
Oceana, an international NGO, has released publications calling for the designation of nine new MPAs in the Baltic Sea and 28 new MPAs in the northeast Atlantic. The Baltic report, based on the findings of a two-month research expedition conducted by Oceana in early 2011, identifies important marine habitats and ecosystems that warrant protection, totaling 3500 km2. The report is available at http://baltic.oceana.org/en/media-reports/reports/baltic-conservation-proposals-for-ecologically-important-areas-in-the-baltic-s.
The northeast Atlantic proposal - aimed at signatories to the OSPAR Convention, which oversees the region's marine resources - is based on findings from expeditions and a workshop of scientists convened by Oceana. The 28 proposed MPAs are in the Atlantic waters of Spain and Portugal as well as the Kattegat, a sea area bounded by Denmark and Sweden. The proposal is at http://eu.oceana.org/en/eu/media-reports/press-releases/oceana-proposes-28-atlantic-marine-habitats-for-protection-under-ospar.
New report on state of Australia's environment offers analysis of MPAs
An independent committee has delivered a report to the Australian government on the state of the Commonwealth's environment, including pressures on ecosystem health, trends, and effectiveness of management. The report addresses the subject of MPAs in the context of management effectiveness in the marine environment. In Australia, State of the Environment (SOE) reporting occurs at the national and state/territory level. At the national level, an SOE report has been produced every five years dating back to 1996. The 2011 report - both the full 1000-page version and a 50-page brief - is available at www.environment.gov.au/soe.
Marine mammal protected area conference presents summary, recommendations
Organizers of the Second International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (ICMMPA 2), held on Martinique in November 2011, have released the final executive summary of the meeting as well as recommendations that emerged from the conference's workshops. These materials are available from Erich Hoyt, conference chair, at firstname.lastname@example.com and will be posted soon on the ICMMPA 2 website at http://second.icmmpa.org.
Among the recommendations, the conference workshop on scientific information and marine spatial planning called for:
Relatedly, a new report from the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society provides guidance on mapping spatial patterns in cetacean population density. Aimed at informing conservation planning and MPA network design, the report Mapping Large-scale Spatial Patterns in Cetacean Density is at www.cetaceanhabitat.org/pdf_bin/spatial_patterns_report.pdf.
Prisoners caught fishing in no-take reserve
In January 2012, six inmates on temporary release from prison in New Zealand were apprehended for fishing in the country's Te Angiangi Marine Reserve, a no-take area. The offenders were engaged in a rehabilitation program for inmates near the end of their sentence, and were accompanied by two program supervisors who were also arrested. The rehabilitation program focuses on learning positive skills for life after prison, such as diving for food.
The New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC) said its investigation found one of the supervisors had mistakenly directed the group into the reserve. The prisoners returned the seafood they had collected and will be involved in future DOC work at the site. The department is not pressing charges against the inmates, who could have faced up to three months in prison or NZ $10,000 (US $8060) in fines. A DOC press release is at www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/news/media-releases/doc-accepts-marine-reserve-incident-genuine-mistake.
New forum on marine debris management
Marine Affairs Research and Education (MARE), publisher of MPA News and Marine Ecosystems and Management, has launched a new online forum on marine debris management, research, and prevention. The MarineDebris.Info forum offers a listserv for online discussion and a regular webinar series on marine debris topics of interest. The first webinar in the series was held 12 December 2011 on preparations for the arrival of Japanese tsunami debris at Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. For more information, including a full recording of the webinar, go to www.marinedebris.info.
From the Database /
THE NORTHERNMOST MPAs
The following sites are drawn from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), compiled by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. For reference, the North Pole is 90° N, the Equator is 0°, and each full degree of latitude equals 111 km. The longitudinal projection used was WGS84. Information on each of the MPAs is available at www.protectedplanet.net.
1. Northeast Greenland National Park, Greenland
Northernmost point: 83.730° N
Total area: 972,000 km2 / Marine area: 110,600 km2
2. Quttinirpaaq National Park, Canada
Northernmost point: 83.151° N
Total area: 37,775 km2 / Marine area: 2342 km2
3. Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa / Franz Josef Land Zakaznik, Russia
Northernmost point: 82.194° N
Total area: 42,000 km2 / Marine area: 26,000 km2
4. Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, Norway
Northernmost point: 81.028° N
Total area: 55,354 km2 / Marine area: 36,891 km2
5. Nordvest Spitsbergen National Park, Norway
Northernmost point: 80.246° N
Total area: 9870 km2 / Marine area: 6231 km2
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mar 13th 2012
TWiT Photo 48
Sports Illustrated Photographer Bill Frakes
Bill Frakes's shares his astonishing portfolio.
Although the show is no longer in production, you can enjoy episodes from the TWiT Archives.
Guests: Catherine Hall, Leo LaporteView Sports Illustrated Staff Photographer Bill Frakes's astonishing portfolio as he shares insights on how he often carries & triggers 25+ cameras, how he went from LAW school to one of SI's Top Shooters, and why preparation & storyboarding are key. Winner of the coveted Newspaper Photographer of the Year award his clients include everyone from Nike to Apple and his editorial work has appeared in virtually every major general interest publication in the world. Guest: Bill Frakes Don't miss a chance to watch or listen to your favorite photographers – download and subscribe to TWiT Photo podcast on iTunes for free. LINKS Bill's website: billfrakes.com Bill's Twitter @billfrakes Follow Catherine on Twitter. You can also check out her blog here. Download or subscribe to this show at twit.tv/photo. Thanks to Cachefly for providing the bandwidth for this podcast.


text:
Single Article Purchase:
Ruptured Solitary Iliac Artery Aneurysm Presenting as a Seizure Disorder
Borghaei H, Rolston DK.
Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(6):872-872.
Published online March 27, 2000
Choose criteria for pricing info
Want online access for an institution? Learn More/Request Quote >
Obtain AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ by reading an article and completing an online quiz. Quizzes are available to AMA Members, subscribers, and those who have purchased tokens.


text:
ACG is a world leader in filter based on board bass preamps. These allow radically different and more versatile tone shaping options than traditional bass/mid/treble controls.
At the heart of ACG preamps are two filter stacks – a low pass filter and a high pass filter. Each filter has a variable cut off frequency and a variable Q control. The Q control adds a resonant peak at the cut off frequency and seems to exaggerate the effect of the filter.
If you have never used filter based tone shaping, it is hard to imagine how versatile and musical this approach can be. In use it is very intuitive and quick to learn.
ACG preamps are available to fit most basses. They are made in the UK.
For more information:www.acguitars.co.uk
Available at:
Bass People
31 Parramatta Rd,
Annandale, NSW 2038
Tel: 02 9516 1975


text:
Art Print
No186 My Le Gendarme de Saint-Tropez minimal movie posterby Chungkong
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
No186 My Le Gendarme de Saint-Tropez minimal movie poster
The ambitious police officer Cruchot is transferred to St. Tropez. He's struggling with persistent nude swimmers, but even more with his teenage daughter, who's trying to impress her rich friends by telling them her father was a millionaire and owned a yacht in the harbor. He gets drawn into it when he tries to cover for her when a friend 'lends' the car of her assumed father. It turns out that the real owners of the yacht aren't exactly what they pretend to be either...
Director: Jean Girault
Stars: Louis de Funès, Geneviève Grad...


text:
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text:
Apple rests its case; Samsung pushes the prior art defense
0. phoneArena 13 Aug 2012, 21:49 posted on
Apple rested its case on Monday and Samsung's request for a dismissal was rejected by Judge Koh although she did throw a bone to Samsung by removing three phones from the lawsuit; the trio can still be part of Apple's claim against Samsung's Korean parent...
This is a discussion for a news. To read the whole news, click here
56. phitch (Posts: 214; Member since: 06 Mar 2012)
Did anyone else notice this part "Bogue testified that a demonstration of DiamondTouch was made to Apple in 2003." That might be a fairly large problem for Apple and their defense. As a Jury member hearing all about how "Apple patented this and that" "Samsung stole this and that..." to hear that in fact someone came to Apple in 2003 with multitouch, touch to zoom, bounce back, and rubberband on a touch screen which they later "patented" paints a not so pretty picture of how Apple acquired those patents and technologies.
63. InspectorGadget80 (unregistered)
APPLE NEEDS TO STFU stop crying btching bout SAMSUNG copying you and also STOP FCKING KISSING up to the judge. i just hope the jury does the right thing and find SAMSUNG NOT GUILTY


text:
Dr. Brian Taylor specializes in general dentistry in New Kensington, Pennsylvania.
Dr. Brian Taylor has been compared 25 times. Details of Dr. Taylor's 21 years experience as an DMD and education at University of Pittsburgh are available on your free dentist report.
Primary Location for Dr. Taylor
Katsur James T and Associates
100 Tarentum Bridge Rd
New Kensington, PA 15068
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Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Brian Taylor has been identified as specializing in General Dentistry.
Dr. Brian Taylor has been confirmed to have a license in Pennsylvania
Dr. Taylor attended dental school at University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine and graduated in 1995 having 21 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
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text:
Nine - DVD
- Summary
- Reviews / Ratings
- Photos
- Videos
- Events
Past Events
Nine - DVD
May 04, 2010
From the creative team behind the Oscar-winning adaptation of Chicago comes a lavish feature take on the Tony award-winning musical inspired by Federico Fellini's whimsical classic 8 1/2. Directed by Rob Marshall, Nine details the effort made by world-class filmmaker Guido Contini (Daniel Day-Lewis) in realizing his latest cinematic vision while simultaneously balancing his relationships with the many passionate and influential women in his life, including his mistress, Carla (Penélope Cruz), and wife, Luisa (Marion Cotillard). Original lyricist and composer Maury Yeston serves as co-executive producer for the filmed version of his own 1982 Broadway hit. Kate Hudson, Nicole Kidman, Sophia Loren, Fergie, and Judi Dench co-star in the Weinstein Co. production. ~ Jason Buchanan, All Movie Guide
Features Include:
3 Music Videos
8 Featurettes
Audio Commentary with Director Rob Marshall and Producer John DeLuca


text:
A double shooting Friday afternoon in Grays Ferry left neighbors outraged over the death of an innocent bystander and wondering how to keep themselves and their children out of harm's way.
"This . . . is really getting out of hand on these streets. What can we do?" James Parker asked as he looked across Corlies Street to the spot where a 45-year-old woman, whom neighbors identified as Clarice Douglas, was gunned down.
Neighbors said she was a bighearted woman who was always seen riding bikes or playing football with her children, or sipping coffee with her mother on the porch where her life came to an unexpected end.


text:
on October 9, 2012 - 5:33 PM
LOCKPORT – A North Tonawanda bartender charged with felony driving while intoxicated due to a previous conviction was sentenced to a reduced charge of driving while ability impaired after a non-jury trial before Judge Matthew J. Murphy III in Niagara County Court today.
Connie S. Lekki, 50, of 19th Avenue, admitted in court that she was previously convicted of driving while intoxicated on Oct. 30, 2003 in Amherst, but her attorney, Mark Saltarelli argued that she was "at most impaired" when she was pulled over by North Tonawanda Police on Oliver Street near Robinson Road at 1:55 a.m. on May 3.
Lekki told police that she worked as a bartender at the Broadway Hotel in the city and had three or four vodkas, but denied being drunk. She refused to take a breath test according to police. Officers told the court she appeared intoxicated.
After the short trial, Murphy found Lekki guilty of the reduced charge of driving while ability impaired and upheld two other charges, failure to keep right and failure to use a designated lane.
She will be sentenced on Jan. 15.


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text:
In game one, the San Antonio Spurs left no question about who should have won that game. They quickly jumped out on a lead against the Portland Trail Blazers, and never looked back. The final result was a wire-to-wire 116-92 victory.
In order to repeat that performance, the Spurs should focus on these three keys to victory:
1. Coming out strong (and continuing it)
This made seem like an obvious one, but it need to be said. In this season's playoffs, the Portland Trail Blazers have trailed after every first quarter sans their very first game. The Blazers do not come out of the gate very strong. The key here is to use that to the Spurs advantage, and keep it going. Obviously, since they are in the second round, the Blazers have found a way to bounce back after trailing. Like in game one, the Spurs gave them no reason to think they could ever come back. Pounce on them early, and don't give them any hope they can rally to take the lead.
2. Controlling the boards
Before game one, I touched on how important rebounding would be, due to Portland being the top rebounding team in the association. In game one, the Portland Trail Blazers outrebounded the Spurs 47-45. If the Spurs keep the totals that close together, that is a win. During the regular season, the Blazers outrebounded everyone by an average of one rebound, and were a whole three rebounds ahead of the Spurs. A huge aspect of this is Kawhi Leonard outdoing Nicolas Batum 9-5. Going forward, not just in game two, rebounding at every position will be key.
3. Bench play
The San Antonio Spurs have the best bench in the NBA, averaging 44.5 points per game. The Portland Trail Blazers have the worst bench in the NBA, averaging 24.0 points per game. In game one, the Blazers bench scored 18 points. Marco Belinelli outscored that bench singlehandedly. As a unit, the Spurs racked up 50 bench points. A key going forward will be for the bench to continually step up, and essentially compete with the Blazers' starters, seeing as they barely even play a bench.
Game two is set for an 830 P.M. tip on ESPN2. Look for the Spurs to continue with the game plan, and the keys above, that gave them a 1-0 series advantage over the Blazers.


text:
Weekend Top 10
By Sarah Story, Citizen Events Editor 11/22/12
The Dominion GardenFest of Lights at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave., will kick off from 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Celebrate this year's East Meets West theme with entertainment by the River City Taiko drummers and a show by the Jow Ga Kuen Lion Dance Team. GardenFest of Lights features more than a half million lights, botanical decorations, trains, holiday dinners and family activities. It runs nightly, 5 p.m. to 10 p.m., through Jan. 7. Admission is $4 to $11. For details, call 262-9887 or visit http://www.lewisginter.org.
The Richmond Funny Bone Comedy Club and Restaurant, located in the Short Pump Town Center, will host Don "DC" Curry at 7:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. Nov. 23, 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. Nov. 24 and at 7 p.m. Nov. 25. Curry has been the star of numerous stand-up comedy tours including the highly lauded "Royal Comedy Tour" of winter/spring 2010-11. He is also a skilled voice-over artist on hit TV shows like Boondocks. Admission is $20. For details, call 521-8900 or visit http://www.richmondfunnybone.com.
South River Compounding Pharmacy, 3656 Mayland Ct. next to Cracker Barrel off Gaskins Rd., has partnered with Big Brothers Big Sisters to provide a Black Friday shuttle and shop event from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. A cottage market will be on-site at the pharmacy with local craftsmen, artisans and culinary artists, all selling unique gifts you won't find in stores. Customers will also be able to have their cars valet parked and receive shuttle service to and from Short Pump Town Center. Donations to BBBS are encouraged. For details, call 897-6447.
Christian Youth Theatre will perform "Oliver," an musical adaptation of Charles Dickens' classic "Oliver Twist," at 3 p.m. Nov. 23-25, 7 p.m. Nov. 23-24 and at 11 a.m. Nov. 24 at The Steward School, 11600 Gayton Rd. Tickets are $15. For details, call 285-2987 or visit http://www.cytrichmond.org.
Lavender Fields Herb Farm, 11300 Winfrey Rd. in Glen Allen, will host its annual Christmas Open House from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Nov. 23-24. There will be classes, demonstrations, herbal tastings, a farm tour and products available for purchase. Lunch is available by reservation. Admission and parking are free. For details, call 262-7167 or visit http://www.lavenderfieldsfarm.com.
Mystery Dinner Playhouse will perform "Here's Killing You, Kid" at 7:30 p.m. Nov. 23-24 inside the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 6531 W. Broad St. Audience members will solve this 1940s detective spoof during a four course dinner. Tickets are $48. The show continues every Friday-Saturday through Feb. 16, 2013. For details, call 649-CLUE or visit http://www.mysterydinner.com.
Legendary Santa will come down the chimney for the first time this season at 9 a.m. at the Children's Museum of Richmond, 2626 W. Broad St. Santa will be at CMOR until Christmas Eve. A visit with Santa is free and open to the public; photo packages are available for purchase. Hours vary. For details, call 474-7000 or visit http://www.c-mor.org.
Kitchen Thyme, 7801 W. Broad St., will host its first annual Holiday Vendor Fair at 10 a.m. There will be food vendors, Mary Kay, Thirty-One, Scentsy Fragrance, Premier Design and local photographers. For details, call 396-COOK.
Virginia Center Commons, 10101 Brook Rd., will again host Caring Santa for children with special needs from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. in the JC Penney court. The photo environment will be set up to support the sensory, physical and developmental needs of the children. This private, after-hours event will feature no lines, no crowds and no music. To register, call 266-9002 or visit http://www.virginiacentercommons.com.
Reynolds CC to host sculptor Paul DiPasquale
Reynolds Community College will host Richmond sculptor Paul DiPasquale Sept. 28 as he shares his presentation "Art Talk, Why Art Matters" from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. in the Conference Center Gallery of the Workforce Development and Conference Center on the Parham Road Campus, located at 1651 E. Parham Road in Richmond. This event is free and open to the public. > Read more.
Free children's clothing for those in need
The Children's Clothing Closet at Highland Springs United Methodist Church will be open Saturday, Aug. 27 and Tuesday, Aug. 30 to provide free new or nearly new children's clothing for families in need, prior to the start of the school year. The Clothing Closet will be open from 10 a.m. to noon both days. The church is located at 22 North Holly Avenue. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
For our Top 10 calendar events this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Henrico to offer four home maintenance workshops
Glen Allen Day in photos
No one injured in Eastern Henrico shed fire
Business in brief
Tuckahoe meeting Sept. 28 to detail bond referendum projects
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Sep. 15, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
Deadline nears for 'Henrico Live' ticket purchase
CAT Theatre announces cast for October show
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Obituary – Mildred Terrell Tate
Obituary – Stephen Embry Esbach
Obituary – Harry Strachan Hobson
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Reynolds CC to host sculptor Paul DiPasquale
Free children's clothing for those in need
Local choral group seeks volunteers
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Storm woes for e-junkies
'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
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RIR to admit children 12 and younger free next year
Henrico teams win district, state championships
Varina HS to host Basketball Skill Development Academy June 20-23
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CalendarCapitol Opera Richmond will open its 2016 season with "Le Opera Noli Me Tangere," a story of love, betrayal and revenge, Sept. 30 through Oct. 16 at the Henrico Theatre.… Full text


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STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. — Elizabeth Badalamenti and Edward Pepitone, both of Annadale have announced their engagement.
The future bride is the daughter of Carolina Badalamenti and the late Antonino Badalamenti. The prospective bridegroom is the son of Joyce Sposato of Prince's Bay and Edward Pepitone of New Jersey and the stepson of Lisa Anne Pepitone.
Miss Badalamenti is a graduate of The Francis School, Great Kills, where she was named valedictorian of her class. She is a paraprofessional with PS 861, Graniteville.
Mr. Pepitone is a graduate of Susan Wagner High School. He was a corporal with the United States Marine Corps and served in Operation Iraqi Freedom 2 in Ar Ramadi, Iraq. He is a purple heart recipient for wounds he received in 2004. He is a pest control specialist with All Platinum Pest Control in all five boroughs and New Jersey.
The couple is planning a May 2013 wedding.


text: Not sure if anyone else has seen the L.A. Times article on Sunday: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-scammers20oct20,0,7003468.story?coll=la-home-world It's definately worth the read. Also worth a read: http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20051025/1030224_F.shtml Never attribute to cluelessness, or ignorance, what you may be able to attribute to mailce or corruption. - ferg -- "Aditya Deshmukh" <aditya.deshmukh at online.gateway.strangled.net> wrote: > To start up a bank. What, did you think that was impossible? Lots of > people have done it, you don't need a licence (provided you pretend that > you aren't a bank) and you don't even need any capital. The one that comes > most readily to mind is Paypal. > > And in the New Zealand Fitzgerald Bank, online services will only be > available to those who can demonstrate a degree of Clue. Alternatively, in > the NZFB, online services will use an authentication system that can't be > phished. This bank would be perfect for all 419 emails that need my account to transfer millions from some "suspense account" or "inheretance" -- "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson Engineering Architecture for the Internet fergdawg at netzero.net or fergdawg at sbcglobal.net ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/


text:
THERE NO longer exists much doubt that progressive changes disproportionate to the amount of heat penetration follow the infliction of thermal injury to living tissue. Along with other workers, we have been investigating ways in which the course of these changes can be beneficially modified. We have found increasing evidence in experimental animals that early cooling of burn surfaces, both large and small, can materially alter the end result of controlled thermal injuries both in terms of capillary permeability and edema formation with consequent local wound morbidity4 and in terms of overall mortality.5 While most evidence supports the hypothesis that surface cooling improves the course of burns by inhibiting capillary permeability and consequently diminishing the amount of edema formation,6 the question has been raised that the improvement might be expected purely on the basis of caloric exchange taking place in the early cooling of "hot" fresh burned
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text:
Should be another cold winter and the wholesale accounts will not be caught off guard this year.
New Products, Clean Inventory, UGG Pure, Retail Expansion, Strong Cash Flow
Sentiment: Strong Buy
i BOUGHT it premarket at 93/share and i am stuck ...dam it...they trapped me last time, too. Never buy DECK premarket on gaining.......tricked me
Or you could have sold at $94 today and bought again at $89 making over 5% today!!
Sentiment: Hold
I'm in @ $50
No need to trade


text: Miley breaks her silence about hospital stay Image: AAP Tue-29-Apr-14 07:30 Share this Tell Us What You Think WTF 0 LOL 0 FAIL 0 OMG 0 HOT 0 CUTE 0 ] MILEY CYRUS has broken her silence following her recent hospital stay by phoning into DJ RYAN SEACREST's U.S. radio show on Monday (28Apr14) to assure fans she's "doing good".The pop star was admitted to a medical centre in Kansas City, Missouri on 15 April (14) after suffering a bad reaction to medication she had been taking for a sinus infection. She was reportedly discharged last week (24Apr14) and now she insists she's ready to get back on the road and pick up her Bangerz tour in Europe after postponing a string of shows in North America.Cyrus told Seacrest, "I'm doing good, much better."Explaining what put her in the hospital, the singer added, "Basically I had gotten sick while I was on the road. On the sixth day, I just woke up... it was so scary... I had basically been poisoning myself with something I didn't know I was really scary allergic to."She spent one night in the hospital and then tried to resume her tour, only to fall ill again.Miley sought further treatment and was told she would have to spend an extended period of time in hospital. She added, "It was insane. I was begging the doctors, 'Let me out to go do the show!'"I was crying because I was so bored. I'm laying here hooked to all these machines. Every two hours, some woman comes in and pokes me with a needle, just miserable... I'm just laying here with nothing to do... I ended up doing some online shopping."The pop star has confirmed her European tour will begin as scheduled on Friday (02May14). She has also added dates to her rescheduled North American trek, which will resume on 1 August (14) at the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York and wrap up in Chicago, Illinois on 14 August (14). WENN You May Also Like Bearded guy rides a wrecking ball on Chatroulette and it is amazing Get your Miley pre-sales today! Jay-Jay, Mike & Dom wreck Miley's 'Wrecking Ball' Listener, Corey, dances for Miley Become a fan of The Edge on Facebook and on Twitter .


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Sceptre X246W-1080P 24" Widescreen Monitor - 1080p, 1920x1080, 40000:1 Dynamic, 1000:1 Native, 16:9, 2ms, VGA, DVI, HDMIItem#: S197-2410 | Model#: X246W-1080P
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Sceptre X246W-1080P 24" Widescreen Monitor
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Frenship holds open house; dinner served
WOLFFORTH Frenship High School will hold an open house tonight.
The IMPACT class serves supper from 5 to 6 p.m. The supper is optional and costs $5 per person.
There will be class meetings from 6 to 6:30 p.m. in the library and south cafeteria.
A "meet the teachers" session will be from 6:30 to 8 p.m.
New Tech golf course open to walking tours
Walking tours of the Jerry S. Rawls Red Raider Championship Golf Course are available to the public.
The course, designed by Tom Doak, is expected to open next summer.
The walking tours will be available four hours before each home football game. Participants will be picked up by bus at the corner of Drive of Champions and Canton Avenue, just outside the Frazier Alumni Pavilion, about every 45 minutes.
Faculty from Tech's turf grass program, Tech's golf teams and golf course staff will guide the tours.
For more information, contact Jack North at (806) 786-7077, (806) 742-4653 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Gymnastics school accepting applications
Texas Elite Gymnastics Preschool and Parent's Day Out is accepting students for programs dedicated to the development and advancement of children, including gymnastics, creative movement, music and computer emphasis.
For more information, call (806) 866-9765.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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Skylight Music Theatre's 'Sound of Music' debuts Friday
How do you solve a problem like Maria? The Skylight Music Theatre begins working out that dilemma Friday, when it opens "The Sound of Music" at the Broadway Theatre Center.
After "The Music Man" was a big hit last season in the holiday slot, the Skylight turned to this popular Rodgers-Hammerstein musical, which is shaping up as its biggest show ever, in two different ways. It's already been extended to a total run of eight weeks, with 42 performances, and it features a cast of 63 performers, with some children's roles double-cast a la First Stage Children's Theater productions. »Read Full Article
Next Act gives wings, radio style to 'It's a Wonderful Life'
Imagine a Milwaukee without its musicians and dancers, its singers and actors, its highly reputed symphony and its world-class theater. It would look a lot more like Pottersville, that mean-spirited burg of cheap thrills and third-class entertainment that greets George Bailey before his great awakening.
Such were my thoughts Friday night as six veteran Milwaukee-based actors tugged at my heartstrings for the second straight year, in Next Act Theatre's reprise of "It's a Wonderful Life," as transformed by Mary MacDonald Kerr into a 1957 radio play, coming straight to us from the studio of Milwaukee's very own WNAT. »Read Full Article(1)


text:
Here's how to win a Samsung Galaxy S4 just by looking at it for 60 minutes
0. phoneArena 27 May 2013, 09:33 posted on
What would you do for a Samsung Galaxy S4, also known as the hottest smartphone this side of the universe? Are you ready to, let's say, stare at one for an hour? If that's the case, then Switzerland is where you need to be. Local carrier Swisscom has partnered up with Samsung and has organized this awesome challenge scheduled to take place across multiple cities throughout the country...
This is a discussion for a news. To read the whole news, click here
1. mafiaprinc3 (Posts: 530; Member since: 07 May 2012)
kind of challenging with everything going on around you,would ave loved to give it a try,always like challenges!
29. TheBitterTruth (unregistered)
Eeeeeh! My Eyes are paining. Wait, I got it.. its Amoled screen. Right?
2. hung2900 (Posts: 956; Member since: 02 Mar 2012)
Very nice advertisement. Samsung knows how to make very good ads and very bad ads also.
30. bachir8k (Posts: 148; Member since: 25 Feb 2013)
yes i agree, this one among of those good ads and ideas
31. GTR722 (Posts: 261; Member since: 20 Oct 2012)
When I read the first line..."also known as the hottest smartphone this side of the universe"...I was waiting to read something like "this article was sponsored by Samsung" like the LG one...but no......I forgot that here is PA....
3. chocolaking (Posts: 494; Member since: 22 May 2012)
what a dumb way to market the product.
zero interested of this phone.. please do better on the S5 or S6
6. SleepingOz (unregistered)
Why bother trolling each and every samsung article then? Ah yeah, haters gonna hate..
7. Retro-touch (Posts: 273; Member since: 24 Oct 2011)
With how well its selling I'd say they've been improving with each version of the Samsung Galaxy S phones
9. Dorothy69 (banned) (Posts: 498; Member since: 21 May 2013)
No dumber than those iPad piano commercials or the iPhone 4S commercials with a desolately pathetic John Malkovich having extensive conversations with his personal assistant.
16. EXkurogane (Posts: 863; Member since: 07 Mar 2013)
But if i can get one completely free then why not, You can make some quick bucks off selling it after that.
22. jroc74 (Posts: 6005; Member since: 30 Dec 2010)
Yea...showing off the features of the phone is so dumb!!!
23. johnriii (Posts: 238; Member since: 17 Oct 2011)
if you have ZERO interested in this phone, why bother commenting on the article?
4. Whateverman (Posts: 3262; Member since: 17 May 2009)
Now this is a cool promo!
5. Dorothy69 (banned) (Posts: 498; Member since: 21 May 2013)
This is a contest I could definitely win as, I do an excellent job of ignoring everyone anyways!!
Please bring this to Kansas, U.S.A.....???
+2 for SwissCom and Sammy'
8. HASHTAG (unregistered)
Too bad that people with ADHD will have a hard time with this challenge.
10. umadden (banned) (Posts: 90; Member since: 14 Apr 2013)
yep. poor you
12. quadrazeus (Posts: 359; Member since: 03 May 2013)
xperiaDROID, why don't you try? I heard your from Switz!
15. xperiaDROID (banned) (Posts: 5629; Member since: 08 Mar 2013)
quadrazeus, who told you that? I'm not from Switz! -_-
20. quadrazeus (Posts: 359; Member since: 03 May 2013)
I'm really very sorry.
Oh god, I can never forgive myself.
13. yadu004 (Posts: 72; Member since: 26 Apr 2013)
now that's how your'e supposed to watch porn...
28. ebubekir26 (Posts: 318; Member since: 21 Dec 2012)
sorry mate, I think you're on the wrong website
14. N-fanboy (Posts: 543; Member since: 12 Jan 2013)
Too bad its super ugly lol
17. xperiaDROID (banned) (Posts: 5629; Member since: 08 Mar 2013)
Count me in! Oh wait, Switzerland?
Oh come on Samsung! ;(
18. Shrihari (Posts: 95; Member since: 29 Jan 2013)
samsung making s5 doesn't mean adding another 2 cores to s4+1 inch big screen...please innovate like nokia did with their camera..41 mp pureview technology.....now thats what i call a innovation...do something different so that you can attract the masses to yourself instead of these dumb marketing techniques....i do agree s4 is the best performer out in the market cpu-wise but do something different from others....
19. jroc74 (Posts: 6005; Member since: 30 Dec 2010)
So Smart Stay isnt innovation? The contest is showing off their innovation.... I know being a fan of another company can lead to fanboyism....but cmon...
Who else is using something like Smart Stay....
On that note....nice promotion Samsung that shows off your features. Nice job.
21. spasticpat (Posts: 98; Member since: 18 Dec 2012)
Why can't we have cool contests like this in Murica?
24. gwuhua1984 (Posts: 1237; Member since: 06 Mar 2012)
I'm down to do this. I daze off all the time...
25. sam3k (Posts: 108; Member since: 02 May 2013)
please bring the competition to my country jamaica :)
26. rd_nest (Posts: 1593; Member since: 06 Jun 2010)
Challenge accepted :)
27. mariosraptor (Posts: 125; Member since: 15 Mar 2012)
this is smart (stay) advertising. Kudos to Samsung for thinking this, and they should apply it to more contrys and carriers over the Globe.
the interest wil be HUGE!!!
32. mottykels (Posts: 383; Member since: 15 May 2013)
I love it, really cool :D
33. mydi.maus (unregistered)
ohh what an interesting way to get an gs4..
34. InspectorGadget80 (unregistered)
think contest are dumb only one winner. so what's the point anyway
35. itsdeepak4u2000 (Posts: 3718; Member since: 03 Nov 2012)
But can we blink in between? If yes then bring it to India. :)


text:
Hüman / Spain / Member Since June 2008
I really like your shine design! You should resubmit that one.
hi there, thanks a lot friend, your works is cool !
Happy Lunar New Year to my fellow creative human. I hope the year of the Ox brings you strength and new found creativity to share with us all. I have a new design posted called Red Bonzai Sea, take a look hope you enjoy. Best wishes, Artist Unite in 2009.
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text:
Congress to investigate Benghazi 'talking points'
WASHINGTON -- Lawmakers said Sunday they want to know who had a hand in creating the Obama administration's now-discredited "talking points" about the Sept. 11 attack on a U.S. diplomatic post in Benghazi, Libya, and why a final draft omitted the CIA's early conclusion that terrorists were involved.
The answers could explain why President Barack Obama and top aides, including U.N. Ambassador Susan Rice, described the attack for days afterward as a protest against an anti-Islam video that spontaneously turned violent and why they played down any potential link to al-Qaida, despite evidence to the contrary.
Administration officials have defended the portrayal of the attack as relying on the best information available at the time that didn't compromise classified intelligence. Democrats say CIA and other intelligence officials signed off on the final talking points.
Republicans have alleged a Watergate-like cover up, accusing White House aides of hiding the terrorism link in the run-up to the Nov. 6 presidential election.
Sen. Dianne Feinstein, who heads the Senate Intelligence Committee, said she doesn't believe the White House altered the document for political reasons. But she said she has lingering concerns about how the talking points were created when it was clear early on that the military-style assault wasn't a simple protest gone awry.
She said Congress has asked the administration to provide a detailed explanation.


text:
After all those months where my main community related activity was writing articles, this weekend I decided to go back into coding: Subtext is approaching a new release soon, with tons of new features, so back on the project to make it happens I started having a look at CodeCampServer and already submitted a tiny little patch Processing: my wife and I are working at a video for an exhibition at the end of April... let's see if I we come out with some cool generative art ...
This is the blog of Simone Chiaretta, an Italian .NET developer, architect, Microsoft MVP, ASPInsider, Subtext core member, ASP.NET MVC lover with a passion for mountain climbing.
Want to know more? Keep reading...
I also wrote a book about ASP.NET MVC and a news feed reader for Windows Phone 7
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Don Laughlin's Classic Car Collection
Free Admission with your King of Clubs Players' Card!
Classic Auto Exhibition Hall
We welcome you to visit our Classic Auto Exhibit featuring over 80 of the world's most distinctive automobiles. The exhibit is a rotating collection of antique, classic and special interest autos assembled from private collections. Included among these are several owned by Don Laughlin himself, an avid auto enthusiast and collector. Don Laughlin's Classic Car Collection has something for you!
Housed in two separate areas on the resort property. The exhibits are open seven days a week and admission is free to the public. The first exhibit is located adjacent to the resort's main valet entrance (ground floor near the north tower). The second and substantially larger exhibit is located in the Classic Auto Exhibition Hall on the third floor of the south tower. It boasts a glass curtain wall with a commanding view of the Colorado River. The fully climatic hall encompasses approximately 30,000 square feet and includes a gift shop.
Please Note Don Laughlin's Classic Car Collection
Show Room & 3rd Floor Gift Shop New Hours!
• Classic Car Show Room Hours •
First floor Show Room:
• Sunday – Thursday 9:00 am to 8:00 pm
Friday & Saturday 9:00 am to 9:00 pm
• Third floor Show Room and Gift Shop:
Friday - Saturday 9:00am - 9:00pm
The Exhibition Hall also features privately owned vehicles on consignment by their owners. The vehicles are available for sale to qualified individuals. (Unless the vehicles are specifically marked for sale, exhibit autos are for display purpose only.) Serious inquiries may be directed to Mark Osborn, Laughlin Classic Cars, at the address and phone number listed below.
Laughlin Classic Cars
Nevada Licensed Dealer
Collector - Sales
Mark Osborn, Sales Manager & Exhibit Curator
PMB 500 S Casino Drive
Laughlin , NV 89029
Fax: 702-298-2605
Evenings/Week-ends:702-298-2535 Have the operator page Mark Osborn
Antique Cars - Available for Sale
**All vehicles sold as is no warranties or implied. Prices may change or vehicles may become unavailable at any time.


text:
EAST RUTHERFORD --The Giants players stretched, did some half-speed drills, stretched again and walked off the field. All told, they weren't out there for very long on the final day of their offseason workout program. Less than an hour, for sure.
Coach Tom Coughlin, that alleged nasty drill sergeant, allowed his players to leave early. The final minicamp practice of the summer was cut short. The Giants didn't do much work before heading in their separate directions.
"We had a nice jog-through. You guys [the media] were in there having donuts or something," Coughlin joked about the short minicamp workout. "We were out here running up and down the field."
They won't be doing anything as a complete unit again until they gather for training camp on July 21. That's 31 days to stay out of trouble and prepare for a longer-than-normal training camp and preseason.
The Giants players leave without their ipads/playbooks (there are rules people). All they take are their notebooks and personal possessions.
Non-rehabbing players are not allowed in the team facility until training camp. Players nursing injuries all have plans, whether it be at the facility or a prearranged place near their home.
Linebacker Jon Beason (foot) and Mario Manningham (knee) were two players Coughlin noted would be at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center most of the next month trying to get healthy. Beason's been spotted in the facility in recent days on his rolling cart to keep his injured foot elevated.
"[The arrangements] that's all taken care of," Coughlin said. "There is nobody that will go without supervision that we need to make sure what they are like physically when they get back."
In the meantime, most of the players and coaches will take some time off. At this time of year, Coughlin is "in and out" of the facility. He squeezes in a family vacation -- much like many of the players -- before refocusing on the upcoming season.
Most players take some time off, then work out in groups and with personal trainers throughout the country to get in prime shape for camp. Linebacker Spencer Paysinger will train out in California with a bunch of NFL players. Cornerback Zack Bowman will head to Houston for some work with a handful of defensive backs. Everyone has their own schedule before returning to the Quest Diagnostics Training Center in about a month.
"Like I told the coaches," Coughlin said, "'Leave everything like it is on your desk because you'll be right back here.'"
OTAs and minicamp are over, but training camp is already around the corner.


text:
Whoops, spoke too soon ...
Apologies, but Google has rejected all the e-mails we just sent as spam. Apparently we can't send bulk e-mails from the new project Gmail address. We will be re-sending the... Read more
Technical difficulties, e-mail will go out tomorrow
Apologies, but we had some technical difficulties with Kickstarter's Backer management functionality over the weekend, fulfillment e-mail will go out tomorrow.
BP Team
Stay tuned, update on Kickstarter Backer fulfillment coming this weekend!
Dear Kickstarter Backers,
Thank you all so much for your extraordinary patience and support through this incredible journey. As you can see above, the DVDs arrived this week! We will... Read more
Finally! Production to begin!
The creators of the Beautiful Project would like to thank all our backers for their immense patience and support. We received word yesterday that the US Soccer Federation has accepted... Read more
We've received US Soccer approval!
Good news for the Beautiful Project!
First, a quick recap:
When we last left off, the Beautiful Project was waiting for final approval from the United States Soccer Federation (which... Read more
Awaiting Final Approval from US Soccer - Almost there
Dear Beautiful Project Kickstarter Backers,
Hopefully this will be the last update before we notify you that we are manufacturing and shipping DVDs.
One last hurdle remains. We are waiting... Read more
Beautiful Project Website to launch soon!
Memorial Day is approaching, and for many lot of families that means a weekend full of girls soccer.
For us it means getting even closer to another milestone. We are... Read more
Project Update (sorry for the delay)
Dear Beautiful Project Backers,
We got this comment from Amanda today: "SCAM SCAM SCAM! Still no dvd? Hope your enjoying that $36,000 you took from people. Thieves." Sorry, Amanda.... Read more
Still pushing forward …
A number of you have been asking for updates on the Beautiful Project, so first our apologies that we haven't sent one in a while.
Serves us right for making... Read more
Pressing forward ...
Beautiful Project Supporters,
March is going to be a big month as we push forward toward completion of "Beautiful: Teaching Girls Soccer the Boston Breakers Way,"so we thought it... Read more
T-shirts are in, head coach is out ...
As writer and director John Milius once said: "Pain is temporary, film is forever."
I'm trying to remember that as the Beautiful Project deals with our latest challenge - the... Read more
And the winner is ... Bella!
Congratulations to Beautiful Project backer Kevin Johnston!
Kevin's submission in the Name the "Beautiful" Logo Girl Contest was our big winner.
Kevin came up with "Bella," which of course means... Read more
Announcing the "Beautiful 12" warmup
We have another exciting development to announce for the Beautiful Project.
Injuries are much too common in girls soccer. And when we started this project we knew it wouldn't be... Read more
Moving forward
June 24, 2013After short break, the Beautiful Project is once again moving forward at full speed. Sylvia Ranalli, the mother of Executive Producer Ralph Ranalli, was a bundle of... Read more
A great project, by design
Dear Kickstarter backers and supporters,
Planning and development for the Beautiful Project is picking up speed as we head toward the start of production in the upcoming weeks. We're lining... Read more
101% - Why your "Beautiful" contributions still matter ...
"Wow ..."
That about says it. Healthy girls and soccer are truly powerful things - as evidenced by the fact more than 400 backers have helped us reach our goal... Read more
One last push ...
We're almost there. We need one more big day ...
We're at 89% and we have more than $31,000 in hand with 36 hours to go. We need another $4,000... Read more
The Beautiful Project on Public Radio!
If you're wondering whether girls and coaching is a timely issue, WBUR, Boston's NPR station, invited me on for a segment today on "Radio Boston."
That's me in the middle,... Read more
200+ backers and counting ...
They were tired. They had just come off an intense 2-hour morning practice in 30-degree temperatures during a week of two-a-days.
But before they hit they the showers or the... Read more
We need 1000 Project views in 5 days!
If the Beautiful Project was a soccer match, the clock would be winding up to 90 minutes, with stoppage time looming ...
... and we're behind.
Time to take a... Read more
Facing the future
Kyah and Lilly
To mark the last week of our campaign may we present: The face of women's athletics in Australia meets the face of the Beautiful Project for girls... Read more
10 Days To Go - Game on!
We're past the Easter and Passover (almost) holidays and the thoughts of girls big and small are turning to green fields and soccer goals.
Sydney Leroux at a Breakers preseason... Read more
Girls, soccer and character
There have been plenty of characters when it comes to professional sports. Professional athletes with character sometimes seem a little bit fewer and far between.
Not so with this year's... Read more
By Popular Demand: New Reward Packages!
Due to a number of inquiries, we've added new reward packages to address the demand for packages that include one of our so-cool clothing items AND the Limited Edition signed... Read more
First Update: Opening 24 hours were "beautiful"
Wow. The first 24 hours of a Kickstarter campaign are hard to describe. Terrifying. Exhilarating. Maybe a little like cliff-diving, just not as wet.
The exhilarating part has been the incredibly... Read more


text:
river pollution: 1/4 of 4
Can the Kathmandu Valley be Saved?
by Joseph Mayton
September 26th, 2012The once bustling Bagmati river has become the focal point of Nepal's struggle to bring modernity to this once isolated region. And the environment is struggling to survive, writes Joseph Mayton. more...
The Wandle Trust: restoring London's 'hidden gem' river
Eifion Rees
3rd January, 2011The transformation of the Wandle from polluted waterway to one of the capital's most loved rivers shows what communities and rivers trusts can achieve together more...
Chemical spillage wipes out fish in River Trent
15th October, 2009Environment Agency officials searching for culprit as cyanide spill kills thousands of fish more...
ECAs Exposed
Simon Retallack
7th June, 2000By using taxpayers' money to back environmentally-destructive projects around the world, ECAs are lining the pockets of multinational companies at the expense of the planet. Export credit agencies, explains Simon Retallack, are the worlds largest public financiers of environmental destruction. more...
river pollution: 1/4 of 4
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Muddy Creek, York County, 10/16/13
2012/6/5 21:59
From Hanover
Posts: 71
I arrived at the Piney Hill Rd parking area about 10:00 AM to be the 5th car in the 4 car lot. I figured everyone was upstream so I headed down to the bridge and fished back to the car. The water was perfect, good flow and great color. I didn't get a water temp but it felt ideal. I caught one on a beetle and six on nymphs in the 3 hours I was there. All browns. I was somewhat surprised since they just stocked it with rainbows.
Posted on: 2013/10/16 21:07
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HOPEWELL TWP. — A Novel Idea, Chapter Two invites the community to join them on Saturdays in February for three unique, free events.
On Feb. 12 at 1 p.m., interior designer Nancy Burton will give tips on how to "Wipe Out Winter" with inexpensive home decorating tricks. Guests will learn how to brighten their mood by making simple changes to their home without spending much money, such as how to add splashes of color and how to "shop in your own home." Advance registration is required due to limited seating.
Author Stenell Greene-Myers will be holding a signing of her book, "Who's Gonna Pay the Mortgage" on Feb. 19 at 1 p.m. Greene-Myers will speak on issues discussed in the book, including empowering women to build self-esteem. As the supervisor at the Cumberland County Women's Shelter, Greene-Myers will also be available to speak privately with guests about the shelter's services, which include counseling for those in abusive relationships. A Novel Idea, Chapter Two is also currently accepting donations of women's products for the Cumberland County Women's Shelter.
On Feb. 26 at 1 p.m., the benefits of acupuncture will be explained by Shoshana Osofsky, M.A., M.S., L.Ac., Dilp. NCCAOM, of HeartPath Acupuncture. Osofsky will dispel myths about acupuncture and discuss its potentials for those struggling with arthritis, quitting smoking or losing weight, among other issues. A free acupuncture session will also be offered to those interested. Seats should be reserved in advance due to limited seating for this event.
For more information, or to reserve a space at the limited-seating events, call A Novel Idea, Chapter Two at (856) 451-3142.


text:
A Warren County woman who called for help last night after she got lost while hiking has been found, officials said.
The 39-year-old woman called state authorities at about 5:30 p.m. last night before her phone ran out of power, telling them she thought she was in Worthington State Forest, according to Larry Ragonese, a spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection.
But Ragonese said the woman was found in the Buttermilk Falls section of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.
Michelle Schonzeit, a park ranger and search and rescue coordinator for Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, said the woman was found around 8:30 this morning.
The state forest is located within the national recreation area, which sits in Warren and Sussex counties.
Schonzeit said the woman was well-prepared when she started her hike yesterday morning, but "she was hiking alone, which we do not recommend especially if no one knows where you really are."
The woman went up Buttermilk Falls and hiked some other trails before she ended up being off trail and "lost and disoriented," Schonzeit said.
The New Jersey State Police, New Jersey State Park Police and National Park Service worked together on the search and rescue effort, Schonzeit said.
A New Jersey State Police helicopter searched the area using infrared and search lights and New Jersey State Park Police deployed a canine search unit, Schonzeit said.
Though officials believed the state police helicopter located the missing hiker at one point during the night, they were unable to reach her location, Schonzeit said. The bloodhound was also unable to locate the hiker yesterday evening.
Schonzeit said the Delaware Water Gap Search and Rescue team and New Jersey Forest Fire Service also helped with the search.
At 8:30 this morning, Schonzeit said the woman made her way to a roadway, where she was found.
The woman, despite spending the night outside, did not need medical attention, Schonzeit said.
"She was OK, which was unbelievable for being out in that cold, miserable evening," she said."She was able to drive home to her family."
Schonzeit said though the hiker did not have a map, she was prepared with food, water, warm clothing and she had the ability to start a small fire. Schonzeit said without all those preparations, the outcome could have been very different.
• Authorities searching for woman lost on Appalachian Trail