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Why Use DSP?Digital Signal Processing 101 An introductory course in DSP system design: Part 1 Also see: (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4)
by David Skolnick and Noam Levine
What is [a] DSP? In brief, DSPs are processors or microcomputers whose hardware, software, and instruction sets are optimized for high-speed numeric processing applications an essential for processing digital data representing analog signals in real time. What a DSP does is straightforward. When acting as a digital filter, for example, the DSP receives digital values based on samples of a signal, calculates the results of a filter function operating on these values, and provides digital values that represent the filter output; it can also provide system control signals based on properties of these values. The DSPs high-speed arithmetic and logical hardware is programmed to rapidly execute algorithms modelling the filter transformation.
The combination of design elements arithmetic operators, memory handling, instruction set, parallelism, data addressing that provide this ability forms the key difference between DSPs and other kinds of processors. Understanding the relationship between real-time signals and DSP calculation speed provides some background on just how special this combination is. The real-time signal comes to the DSP as a train of individual samples from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). To do filtering in real-time, the DSP must complete all the calculations and operations required for processing each sample (usually updating a process involving many previous samples) before the next sample arrives. To perform high-order filtering of real-world signals having significant frequency content calls for really fast processors.
Useful additions would include: passband tuning and width control stopband rolloff control.
As Figure 1 shows, an analog approach using second-order filters would require quite a few staggered high-Q sections; the difficulty of tuning and adjusting it can be imagined.
Figure 1. An ideal bandpass filter and second-order approximations.
Figure 2. Filter equations and delay-line representation.
Approximating an ideal filter consists of applying a transfer function with appropriate coefficients and a high enough order, or number of taps (considering the train of input samples as a tapped delay line). Figure 3 shows the response of a 90-tap FIR filter compared with sharp-cutoff Chebyshev filters of various orders. The 90-tap example suggests how close the filter can come to approximating an ideal filter. Within a DSP system, programming a 90-tap FIR filter like the one in Figure 3 is not a difficult task. By comparison, it would not be cost-effective to attempt this level of approximation with a purely analog circuit. Another crucial point in favor of using a DSP to approximate the ideal filter is long-term stability. With an FIR (or an IIR having sufficient resolution to avoid truncation-error buildup), the programmable DSP achieves the same response, time after time. Purely analog filter responses of high order are less stable with time.
Figure 3. 90-tap FIR filter response compared with those of sharp cutoff Chebyshev filters.
Real-world phenomena are analog the continuously changing energy levels of physical processes like sound, light, heat, electricity, magnetism. A transducer converts these levels into manageable electrical voltage and current signals, and an ADC samples and converts these signals to digital for processing. The conversion rate, or sampling frequency, of the ADC is critically important in digital processing of real-world signals.
This sampling rate is determined by the amount of signal information that is needed for processing the signals adequately for a given application. In order for an ADC to provide enough samples to accurately describe the real-world signal, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest-frequency component of the analog signal. For example, to accurately describe an audio signal containing frequencies up to 20 kHz, the ADC must sample the signal at a minimum of 40 kHz. Since arriving signals can easily contain component frequencies above 20 kHz (including noise), they must be removed before sampling by feeding the signal through a low-pass filter ahead of the ADC. This filter, known as an anti-aliasing filter, is intended to remove the frequencies above 20 kHz that could corrupt the converted signal.
However, the anti-aliasing filter has a finite frequency rolloff, so additional bandwidth must be provided for the filters transition band. For example, with an input signal bandwidth of 20 kHz, one might allow 2 to 4 kHz of extra bandwidth.
Figure 4. Antialiasing filter ideal response.
The ADC sampling rate depends on the bandwidth of the analog signal being sampled. This sampling rate sets the pace at which samples are available for processing. Once the system bandwidth requirements have established the A/D converter sampling rate, the designer can begin to explore the speed requirements of the DSP processor.
Processing speed at a required sample rate is influenced by algorithm complexity. As a rule, the DSP needs to finish all operations relating to the first sample before receiving the second sample. The time between samples is the time budget for the DSP to perform all processing tasks. For the audio example, a 48-kHz sampling rate corresponds to a 20.833-µs sampling interval. Figure 5 relates the analog signal and digital sampling rate.
Figure 5. Sampling train and processing time.
Thus if all of the time between samples is available for operations to implement the algorithm, a processor with a performance level of 2.4 MOPS is required. Note that the two common ratings for DSPs, based on operations per second (MOPS) and instructions per second (MIPS), are not the same. A processor with a 10-MIPS rating that can perform 8 operations per instruction has basically the same performance as a faster processor with a 40 MIPS rating that can only perform 2 operations per instruction.
Figure 6. Example of continuous processing of samples in digital filter.
Frame-based systems, like a spectrum analyzer, which determines the frequency components of a time-varying waveform, acquire a frame (or block of samples). Processing occurs on the entire frame of data and results in a frame of transformed data, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Example of batch processing of a block of data.
For an audio sampling rate of 48 kHz, a processor working on a frame of 1024 samples has a frame acquisition interval of 21.33 ms (i.e., 1024 x 20.833 µs = 21.33 ms). Here the DSP has 21.33 ms to complete all the required processing tasks for that frame of data. If the system handles signals in real time, it must not lose any data; so while the DSP is processing the first frame, it must also be acquiring the second frame. Acquiring the data is one area where special architectural features of DSPs come into play: Seamless data acquisition is facilitated by a processors flexible data-addressing capabilities in conjunction with its direct memory-accessing (DMA) channels.
Interrupt latency (response delay) depends on several factors; the most dominant is the DSP architectures instruction pipelining. An instruction pipeline consists of the number of instruction cycles that occur between the time an interrupt is received and the time that program execution resumes. More pipeline levels in a DSP result in longer interrupt latency. For example, if a processor has a 20-ns cycle time and requires 10 cycles to respond to an interrupt, 200 ns elapse before it executes any signal-processing instructions.
When data is acquired one sample at a time, this 200-ns overhead will not hurt if the DSP finishes the processing of each sample before the next arrives. When data is acquired sample-by-sample while processing a frame at a time, however, an interrupted system wastes processor instruction cycles. For example, a system with a 200-ns interrupt response time running a frame-based algorithm, such as the FFT, with a frame size of 1024 samples, would require 204.8 µs of overhead. That amounts to more than 10,000 instruction cycles wasted to latency productive time when the DSP could be performing signal processing. This waste is easy to avoid in DSPs having architectural features such as DMA and dual memory access; they let the DSP receive and store data without interrupting the processor.
Figure 8. Putting together elements of a DSP system.
Note how few components make up the DSP system, because so much of the systems functionality comes from the programmable DSP. Converters funnel data into and out of the DSP; the ADC timing is controlled by a precise sampling clock. To simplify system design, many converter devices available today combine some or all of the following: an A/D converter, a D/A converter, a sampling clock, and filters for anti-aliasing and anti-imaging. The clock oscillator in these types of I/O components is separately controlled by an external crystal. Here are some important points about the data flow in this sort of DSP system:
Analog Input: The analog signal is appropriately band-limited by the anti-aliasing filter and applied to the input of the ADC. At the selected sampling time, the converter interrupts the DSP processor and makes the digital sample available. The choice between serial and parallel interfacing between the ADC and DSP depends on the amount of data, design complexity trade-offs, space, power, and price.
Digital Signal Processing: The incoming data is handled by the DSPs algorithm software. When the processor completes the required calculations, it sends the result to the DAC. Because the signal processing is programmable, considerable flexibility is available in handling the data and improving system performance with incremental programming adjustments.
Analog Output: The DAC converts the DSPs output into the desired analog output at the next sample clock. The converters output is smoothed by a low-pass, anti-imaging filter (also called a reconstruction filter), to produce the reconstructed analog signal.
Host Interface: An optional host interface lets the DSP communicate with external systems, sending and receiving data and control information.
Because these issues involve many valuable levels of detail that we could not do justice to in this brief article, you should consider reading Richard Higginss text, Digital Signal Processing in VLSI (see References below). This text provides a complete overview of DSP theory, implementation issues, and reduction to practice (with devices available at the time it was published), plus exercises and examples. The Reference section below also contains other sources that further amplify this articles issues. To prepare for the next articles in this series, you might want to get free copies of the ADSP-2100 Family Users Manual* and the ADSP-2106x SHARC Users Manual.* These texts provide information on Analog Devicess fixed- and floating-point DSP architectures, a major topic in these articles. The next article will cover the following territory:
DSP architecture: The article will discuss the nature and functioning of the DSPs arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), multiply-accumulator (MAC), barrel-shifter, and memory busses and describe the numeric operations that support DSP functions.
DSP programming concepts: A discussion of programming will bring together theory and practice (math and architecture). Finally, it will lay out the main parameters for a series-length DSP design project, provided as an example.
Higgins, R. J. Digital Signal Processing in VLSI, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. DSP basics. Includes a wide-ranging bibliography. Available for purchase from ADI.
Mar, A., ed. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family Volume 1, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992. Available for purchase from ADI.
Mar, A., Babst, J., eds. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family Volume 2, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. Available for purchase from ADI.
Dearborn, G., ed. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-21000 Family Volume 1, Norwood, MA: Analog Devices, Inc., 1994. Available for purchase from ADI.
*Mar, A., Rempel, H., eds. ADSP-2100 Family Users Manual, Norwood, MA: Analog Devices, Inc., 1995. Free.
Mar, A., Rempel, H., eds. ADSP-21020 Family Users Manual, Norwood, MA: Analog Devices, Inc., 1995. Free.
*Rempel, H., ed. ADSP-21060/62 SHARC Users Manual, Norwood, MA: Analog Devices, Inc., 1995. Free.


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Miami, San Antonio archbishops make friendly bet on NBA Finals
Miami Heat fan, Archbishop Thomas Wenski, has offered a friendly wager to Archdiocese of San Antonio's Archbishop Gustavo García-Siller, as the Heat and the San Antonio Spurs begin the NBA Championship games tonight.
Archbishop Wenski is offering stone crabs from Islamorada in the Florida Keys and a box of cigars handmade in Miami-Dade County, if the Miami Heat loses.
Archbishop García-Siller has accepted Archbishop Wenski's challenge, and is offering 20 lbs. of barbeque and 10 lbs. of fajitas if the Spurs lose in this NBA final.
San Antonio won Game 1 in Miami on June 6. Game 2 will be at 6 p.m. Mountain Time on Sunday in Miami. Watch every NBA Finals game on ABC-7.

subset: commoncrawl


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4 comments found.
Nice one Kris! I hear you've incorporated the Hans BRAAAAAMS Sounds awesome. I'd really like to see it lined up with a good VH trailer template.
Haha! Thanks mate. Yeah good old Brass rips This is actually a really old track, infact my second cinematic track I ever made back in 2010 I think! Working on a Dark Knight style trailer track at the moment….
Very beautiful track.
Excellent track!
Thanks buddy!
Awesome track, Kristopher!
Thanks Its actually and old one!


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------Janome MC6600 Bernina 240 Juki MO735 Singer 201-2 Singer 221-1
The Amazing Bernina 720E 💝 1150MDA
✝The Lord is my Light and my Salvation: whom shall I fear? The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? Psalm 27:1✝
------I heart Woo (HimmyCat). Until we meet again, my beautiful little boy. I love you.
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------Janome 6500P, Babylock Eclipse SX, Janome Coverpro 1000, Babylock BLCS, Juki 654 (2), Babylock Spirit, Juki TL2010q, Brother PE770
------Video of how the Bionic Gear Bag works is here: www.BionicGearBag.com
Share pics with me on Instagram: RipStitcher
More pics are in my facebook group: Sew Much Nicer Community
Bernina 720!!! The Unicorn of Bernina USA
Bernina 880 Sterling Edition, Bernina 570qe
Babylock Ovation Serger & Babylock Sashiko
Pfaff Passport
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LATELY, THERE'S been a bizarre struggle over tap handles in Philadelphia. Instead of going at each other's throats with more spigots that pour clear, yellow lager, the Big 3 have been battling it out with a cache of surrogate brands that are the flavor/style/philosophical opposites of their flagships - namely, witbier.
Budweiser? Forget about it. Anheuser-Busch has hooked up with InBev and now its sales reps are pushing Hoegaarden. The guy in the Miller uniform is rolling in a keg of orange-flavored Leinenkugel's Sunset Wheat and the Coors truck has a fancy new paint job with a logo for Blue Moon.


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Ginger, Cherry, and Chili Cocktail Recipe
By Saira Malhotra | October 14, 2011
As the season changes and dusky moods replace light and effervescence, desire beckons sultry alternatives. The cooler weather makes us prime candidate for earthy tones and scents which tickle the back of the throat and ultimately, warm it up. Despite the ice, this ginger cocktail will do exactly that. Ginger is a palate pleaser and yet its responsibilities go beyond taste. A healing hand, this magical ingredient is considered to nudge that autumnally challenged immune system in the right direction. Today's glass of bliss personified with muddled ginger, cherries and a kiss of cayenne, may prompt you to have more than just the one. Salut! Read More


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Is Kosher Healthier?
There are a reported three to six million Jews in America and estimates suggest that only 15-25% of Jews keep kosher. So how is it that 25% of all new food products are being labeled as kosher? Since 2007 a new food marketing strategy has increased kosher labels by ten times. These foods follow preparation guidelines from Jewish dietary laws which are based on religious principles. The proliferation of kosher labels may lure non-kosher shoppers to certain products. But is there anything about kosher foods that is safer or healthier for those who don't keep kosher?
How To Treat Kosher Meat
Aside from certain meats such as pork, shellfish, and catfish, Jewish dietary laws allow most familiar meats Americans eat. What sets kosher meat apart is how it is fed, killed, and processed. The slaughter process is said to be more humane and the meats are salted which can protect from bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses. However, research by the USDA in 2007 showed salting alone did not reduce Salmonella contamination. What also may make kosher meat more desirable is cleanliness; utensils used for processing and cooking, including knives, cutting boards, pots and pans must be kept separate between meat and dairy products as well as vegetables. However, the separation between raw meat and produce utensils is a common practice in the USDA's food handling procedures for all meat whether it is kosher or not.
What Kosher is Not
While there are restrictions on meat and dairy being eaten together, there is no kosher style of cooking. Therefore, a kosher restaurant refers to the processing practices referred to above, but may not necessarily serve Jewish cuisine. Another misconception is that religious officials 'bless' food to make it kosher, but this is not the case. While Rabbinic inspectors do exist, slowly non-Jewish food inspectors are being trained in kosher practices as is the case in New York state. There is no health-related benefit to foods labeled kosher, and although most kosher food, including produce, requires additional inspections than usual, the rules that govern kosher preparation do not make it better than a non-kosher alternative nutritionally. Lastly, many people believe kosher meat is raised and fed differently than regular meat. While many kosher meat producers use hormone-free feed, there is actually no regulation of how kosher meat is fed before its processing at a kosher slaughterhouse. Therefore kosher meat is not necessarily raised cage-free or fed organic feed.
Who Benefits Most from Kosher Labels
Kosher foods are divided into three categories: meat, dairy, and pareve. Some dairy products have meat additives like gelatin, rennet, or food coloring, and kosher dairy would exclude these ingredients. Many vegetarians buy kosher products for this reason and look for foods indicated as "pareve." Those with food allergies may also look for pareve items to avoid dairy. Other religious groups, such as some Muslims, Hindus, and Seventh-Day Adventists, may also look for the kosher label to adhere to similar dietary laws. Aside from this, there are no defining benefits to buying kosher meat.
Your thoughts...
Which kosher products do you seek out and why?
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I think killing the animals in a more "humane" way is a good enough reason to try eat kosher when possible..
Has your information been confirmed by a Rabbinic council or is this an attack on Jews?
FYI, Halal gelatin is made from vegetables, not animal products.
Yes, that sounds much more humane.
beyond that, cleaner equipment for the dissection doesn't make it healthier, just reduces the chance of bowel based e-coli poisoning.
A more healthy option would be no meat! Or meat that lived a free outdoor life like the cows in Argentina. But the actual scientific evidence that meat from animals raised in that way is still non exsistant. Just because something certainly sounds like it must be healthier, doesn't mean it actually is.
Original Post by: yespecan
FYI, Halal gelatin is made from vegetables, not animal products.
FYI please check your info halal gelatin IS made from animal tissue http://www.halalgelatine.com
@israelgal: since you are an observing jew (btw, it would matter whether you're Ashkenazi when talking about kashrut, they seem to be more strict), and are referring to the Torah a lot, I was wondering. The most known kashrut law - separation of dairy and meat - stems from a sentence that approximately says "you shall not cook the baby goat in its mother's milk", right? Now that seems okay from the ethical point mostly. As I understand the rabbis have then interpreted this law further in the both Talmud variants, leading to the modern interpretation. Reasoning being that when buying from the market you cannot be sure that a piece of meat could be from the "baby goat" and the milk from its mother. Fair enough. But why has this law been interpreted so broadly then? What about dairy made from cow milk (say butter) with goat meat. Why can they not be eaten together?
Thanks in advance from a genuinely curious agnostic.
Kosher labeling, like gluten free labeling is designed to let people who follow a specific diet know what foods they can eat. Nothing more, nothing less. To even imply that it's deceptive labeling is ignorant and almost insulting.
By saying that since only a small amount of people keep kosher, kosher labeling is a gimmick, you're implying that people who keep kosher have no right to know what processed and packaged food they can eat. Are you also going to suggest that gluten free products are a gimmick, since only a small portion of the country has medical reasons to avoid gluten? Are sugar free products a gimmick since not many people are diabetic?
Not every food label is advertising or a gimmick and not every diet is followed for express purpose of losing weight, and to imply that labeling foods is deceptive marketing to the dieting crowd is incredibly close minded. Think before you write.
Interesting she equates kosher food with a diet craze (like gluten free). The sad part of people who think this is all a marketing ploy is that there are some people (like people with celiac disease) that for them, it's a matter of life and death. If the whole population (or a large part) decides to go gluten free (or kosher), it actually helps the people who need the diet because then companies are encouraged to put out more gluten free (or kosher) products.
Kosher food is tied to a religious system, and although she makes the point that clean knives and utensils are used (and highlights the separation of meat and dairy), she misses an important component of kosher food: the animals slaughtered are declared "clean." This means they don't scrounge around in the mud and dirt (like pigs) or are bottom dwellers in the ocean (crabs & shellfish).
In ancient times, kosher practices might have avoided some of the problems that we avoid today by cleaning practices. However, pigs still scrounge around in the mud and dirt and crabs, shellfish and catfish still populate the bottom of lakes and oceans, scrounging what has fallen from above.
In addition, there are certain cuts of meat that are not kosher. Hebrew National (a hot dog company) has a great diagram in their logo space on hot dogs that shows what cuts of meat are kosher. Most of the front of the cow is kosher, but the back part (intestinal area & buttocks) is not.
I am not a Jew, but I eat a Jewish-like diet (no pork or shellfish, although I eat meat with dairy, so Jewish-like, not kosher). Although I can't say that the day I stopped eating pork or shellfish I felt instantly better and have never gotten sick since, my blood pressure & cholesterol numbers are really good (my husband has even sort of adopted my diet because the meats that I eat -- beef, poultry & fish with scales and fins -- are lower in cholesterol than pork and/or shellfish).
What's with all the vitriol over this article? I'm not Jewish, but I once worked for an orthodox Jewish foundation, and I know there is a lot of confusion in our society over what kosher really is. And there are people who buy kosher food thinking that it's healthier and/or better for them if they're trying to lose weight. So, I think this article is useful because it's addressing misconceptions and clarifying what kosher means.
@Frannyan - EXACTLY!!!
Where I grew up there were no and I mean no Jewish people. I never even met a Jewish person until I was in my twenties and had absolutely no idea what 'kosher' meant. My understanding now (which is obviously limited) is that kosher food has been blessed and prepared in such a way that it follows the biblical teachings, and is totally a religious following. To me this has nothing to do with health or diet and is strictly spiritual.
I cannot understand why a recipe intended for everyone would call for 'kosher' salt. Salt is salt to me, however it seems to me that a devout Jew would automatically already be using kosher salt and would not need to be told to do that. Just my two cents worth
Great dialogue and exchange of comments.
@israelgal: Bang on!! No right or wrong, simply level of observance.
I am a Muslim and eat Halal food. I actually created an account so I could comment on this article. First off, I do not agree with this article at all. The fact that you are taking a religious sacrament and trying to either turn it into (a) a health fad; or (b) a marketing scheme is ridiculous. Certifications such as Halal and Kosher are made for those people who abide by those methods of eating due to religious reasoning. It may have health reasoning, as in the case of halal meats, they are drained of their blood and impurities, I believe the Kosher process is similar (I could be wrong). At the end of the day however, we eat halal or kosher strictly due to religious reasoning.
For those who are arguing about halal gelatin, once again, it does not matter if it is derived from plant sources or animal sources, because it is not supposed to be a vegetarian option, but a halal option. If some halal/kosher options work for vegetarians and others, thats great, but remember, that is not the reason they are produced in the first place. I don't mean to offend anyone, but I just don't know why anyones even arguing the fact.
Alright, point made, now I can go shopping with my two year old in peace lol ;)
Kosher and Halaal butchery is cruel imo. Modern mainstream butchery has many faults, but at least the animal is stunned before it is killed, rather than being left to bleed to death.
As a great man said, it is not what goes into a man that defiles him, but what comes out of his heart, that being said, I believe the ensueing conversations from this article generated alot of good info, thanks!
Actually, once you cut the jugular vein of the animal, it is dead instantly. That is how the animal is slaughtered. Any spontaneous spasms are natural as the blood flows out and muscles relax. The animal itself is dead, not alive anymore, to feel any pain. Anyways, I don't want to argue, I don't have the time to go back and forth, but you can look it up.
It's like a mirror. People look at the laws of kashrut and seek confirmation of their starting position in any debate. In practicality kashrut labeling does have some benefits, ie winnowing choices, for some groups whose dietary standards seem compatible with kashrut rules and practices. There is one point though that she missed. Foods with the parve label may have fish and/or eggs in them. e.g. Worcestershire sauce has fish as an ingredient.
In the end I do agree with the authors comment that kosher is not the same as healthy. I keep kosher because I'm an orthodox Jew and I choose to follow the rules (commandments) my rabbis have taught me so I can have a relationship with G-d.
One further point the reason some salt is called kosher salt is because the grains are larger than average and was used the the removal of blood from meat right after slaughter. Regular table salt is quickly absorbed into the meat, leaving the blood trapped inside.
@rkdesktop Kosher salt doesn't mean it's kosher to eat (all salt is kosher) the reason why it's called kosher is because it's used to 'Kasher' the verb for cleaning a chicken (for example) to make it kosher for use - you're not allowed to eat the blood of an animal so the more coarser version of salt is used to help drain the blood for proper consumption
@israelgal: thanks for the explanation :) ... I guess the main difference then is whether you are following the rabbinical teachings or are a Karaite. I understand these days most (religious) Jews follow the rabbinical teachings, though.
@ronit: I agree. I'd think that the author doesn't hold anything against the religious dietary laws but rather wonders whether it is a hype and whether it has a health benefit or not.
I've had Jewish couch surfers over from NYC. Nice folks - Ashkenazi, too. The most peculiar and somewhat sobering thing (w.r.t. hospitality I could offer) was that they couldn't use my pottery or in fact anything in the kitchen other than the tap water, fridge (I know some Jews have even separate fridges) and the stove. They had brought their own pot and so on. So when I asked how they would be able to convert my utensils into kashrut-compliant form one of them explained that it could be done with a blow torch. Well, I declined as you can imagine. And as strange as that answer seems to an agnostic, I follow the principle of: live and let live.
Let's face it: in the end it's all math. Set theory to be precise. Various dietary laws and life styles and you get to choose which you follow. There are overlaps and that means for example vegetarians have another label to look out for. Nothing bad about that.
The main thing the author, in my not so humble opinion, tried to stress is that there is no particular inherent health benefit. While observing Jews (or as we saw Muslims concerning Halal) see this as self-evident, the misconception could exist with people that never bothered to read up on these things. And yes, I think the article has actual value for these people.
Shalom. As-Salāmu `Alaykum. Peace.
I say, you are what you eat. If you eat animals that are slaughtered in such a way that it lessens the amount of pain that the animal experiences you will most likely feel better about consuming it.
I say, you are what you eat. If you eat animals that are slaughtered in such a way that it lessens the amount of pain that the animal experiences you will most likely feel better about consuming it.
I say, you are what you eat. If you eat animals that are slaughtered in such a way that it lessens the amount of pain that the animal experiences you will most likely feel better about consuming it.
This article is wrong on and in so many areas it needs to come down instantly. I don't know where they are getting some of these ideas from but as a Kosher eating Jew, I can tell you the article is mostly misleading and leans on the side of totally false, intended or not.
@wings2: could you perhaps substantiate your complaint? What exactly is wrong with it? I'm sure the authors are more than willing to replace factual errors with corrected data if you point it out and substantiate it with authoritative sources. One of the misconceptions (blessing the food) that the author addressed was even voiced again in one of the comments (making me doubt the commenter read the article to the end). So what exactly is wrong about debunking those myths and misconceptions? Is it the fact that the author isn't an observing Jew herself? Did you actually read the article to the end yourself?
There are several flaws the main one being focus. It is hard to pin down what her real focus is within the article kosher meats or kosher labeled food products. There are several flawed assumptions in the article on both counts. Mostly in the realm of misleading statements or statements made out of a lack of knowledge.
To show the lack of focus between meat or food products, slaughter or food preparation the writer confuses Kosher meats with the act of Kashering meats, which are totally different things and processes. Kashering is a completely separate technique. In fact, the impression is given in the article is that is somehow has something to do with salmonella; is has nothing to do with salmonella prevention or trying to rid the meat of salmonella at all.
It is unclear in the article where the author is drawing the line at slaughter or processing other food items. The verbiage is not clear and is misleading. She seems to shift between the two as if they were one thing. An example is the idea of mixing produce with meat and dairy. Since vegetables are parve they can be used in the processing of all three types of kosher food products, but what does that have to do with the slaughter or value of kosher meat? It is only dairy that cannot be mixed with meat but again how does that effect the value of eating kosher meat?
You could go out and eat a batch of stinging nettle or poison ivy and it could even be labeled kosher, not healthy perhaps but kosher. However, if you use badger musk to flavor those cherry suckers then those suckers won't get a kosher seal on them. So the idea of produce being inspected is misleading and what types of flaws cause something not to be kosher not clear in her article. Again, mainly because she shifts focus.
Companies producing food products and want them to be labeled as kosher are inspected to make sure the product has the right stamp and that the ingredients on the label are in fact what goes into the product. Every item on the label is inspected and its plant inspected as well. Why, because only kosher products can go into kosher products. It is not as simple as it sounds in the article. A kosher product, not just food mind you, has every step of the production inspected right down to the the sealing of the item.
It is inspected from the items going in right down to the the glue being used to seal the product. This includes the soaps and cleaning agents that are used in the plant and on the equipment , the bug sprays used in the packaging area as well as in the boxes or containers of each ingredient. Training is provided to the supervisors and guidelines for handling foods while on the line as well. Again this is if she is talking food products in general and many have nothing to do with kosher meat at all.
For the most part but the bulk of the article is filled with confusing statements having little to do with kosher meats but more to do with kosher foods in general. So although her title and ending are somewhat on the same topic the body of the article seems to be a confusing mess.
To demonstrate this in her closing paragraph she is speaking of kosher food and only the final sentence mentions meats alone. Hindus for the most part don't eat meat at all and Muslims only abstain from pork. Vegetarians do not eat meats either so why are kosher meats and issue for them? She must be speaking of kosher food items in general not meats only. Yet her closing sentence is strictly a statement on meats.
In closing, if her topic is indeed on kosher meats only, as her closing statement leads one to think, she should have stayed on topic and not wandered about so much discussing kosher food products. If her conclusion is on kosher foods in general then she should have changed her opening and closing statement to reflect that idea and gotten more accurate information to substantiate her position.
I am really upset by this article. It seems that the author wikipedia'd the topic for a deadline and smashed together tidbits of information without really understanding it. For a more fleshed out review of why, please refer to @wings2's article above mine. Well said.
She immediately needs to edit out the part where she calls kosher a "deceptive advertising [practice]" or make an apology for her poor phrasing. As stated numerous times above, it is an essential branding for a particular diet governed by religious specifications. If she were seeking to clarify the difference between kosher and healthy, she could have easily done that without being inflammatory to the practice of a kosher diet.
@wings2: thanks. I think the salmonella point was targeted at the misconception that kosher is about hygiene (which I think some of it was, but mostly in the context of the Middle Eastern climate :)). The lack of focus is true and that is a pity.
For those of you who were offended or put off by the article, I sincerely apologize. The article was meant to help those who do not keep kosher understand what the increasingly visible kosher labels mean on familiar food products and dispel the health myths about kosher vs. non-kosher meat. This was not meant to demean or belittle those who keep kosher or Jewish Dietary Laws.
@carolyn_r: I think honesty counts for more than political correctness. It's clear that there are myths about "kosher" and I think that as someone who is clearly not an observing Jew you've still done a decent job debunking some. Alone the fact that one of the commentators repeated that myth about "blessing food to make it kosher", shows that myths exist. It's also obvious that Jews don't share those myths, mostly because they have been educated about kashrut laws, were socialized this way or are interested in the topic for self-evident reasons. Given the limited possibilities of written communication I think one should always assume the best rather than the worst intent in what another person writes.
Sometimes I really wish people would read and reread articles before they draw conclusions about them. I read this article, and as a non-Jew I saw value in it. There is a proliferation of labels being applied to food packages these days- gluten free, all natural, fat free, kosher....... The first and last are very important labels for those who follow diets based on these restrictions. This article is not aimed at those who follow Kosher diets. It's aimed at those who want to eat healthier and wonder if kosher eating has added health benefits. I read labels all the time and as someone who does not have a good idea of what Kosher means, this article helps me to understand, and decide if it's something I may want to incorporate into my own diet.
I did get a bit of an impression that the author felt that the Kosher label was a marketing gimmick, and if so I have to disagree with that. Even if only 15-25% of Jews keep kosher, those 15-25% still need to know if the food they want to buy has been correctly prepared. Kudos to manufacturers if they accommodate this segment of the population.
@latoyakvh and @vidarr made some good points here.
- When reading an article it's wise to read it at least twice before responding. Although @carolyn_r did make some obvious mistakes in understanding what kashrut is I could see her main point was to dispel the myth that kosher means healthier/cleaner food products. And that use of kosher symbols as a 'quick guide' might have some benefit only to very specific interest consumers, e.g. vegetarians not vegans (parve products can contain eggs or fish and still be labeled parve), people with dairy allergies.
- As we grow more health conscious we're not just looking at the advertising hype on a package of food. Instead we're reading labels and wanting to understand all the symbols we find there to see if they would be a 'quick guide' for us to use as well.
- Finally, as @vidarr said: It's also obvious that Jews don't share those myths, mostly because they have been educated about kashrut laws.
I'd like to end with an observation and question for @vidarr. When you responded to @wings2 you restated the myth that kashrut has some origin in hygiene. "I think the salmonella point was targeted at the misconception that kosher is about hygiene (which I think some of it was, but mostly in the context of the Middle Eastern climate :))" We Jews have another practice that has a similar myth. When we sit down to a meal where bread is consumed we wash our hands in a specific way. We could have come straight from a bath yet we still will wash our hands before we eat the bread. If it's for hygienic reasons, why wouldn't the bath be enough?
@ronit: keep in mind that this is a theory I have (about it being related to hygiene). My reasoning here is, that in the climate of the Middle East, even up to 4000 years ago, these rules probably made sense for hygienic purposes. Now if someone has a more conclusive theory I'd like to hear it :)
A lot of people have the misconception that Jewish people follow the Torah because it makes sense.
There are many things in the Torah that make no sense at all (to the human mind). Jewish people follow the Torah because it makes them closer to G-d and they believe that G-d has their best interest in mind.
The human mind is always searching for answers. While we may come to the conclusion that the reason there is a rule of washing hands before you eat is because of hygiene - the fact is you have to wash your hands anyway - even if you are just coming out of the shower.
You have to wash your hands before you eat bread but you also have to wash your hands if you touch (and this is not a conclusive list) say, mid-thigh, bellybutton, inner ear, your feet - if you scratch your scalp -- even when you visit the cemetery and attend a funeral. Also when you wake up in the morning before the morning prayers
One of the reasons behind the washing of hands in certain circumstances is basically a reference to the temple services that the priests conducted. Before prayers they washed their hands and feet because -how can you serve G-d without having clean hands and feet? The washing of hands is of a spiritual nature (in addition to the physical) it's to impress upon the person that you are serving G-d. You may have just stepped out of the bath, but if you consciously wash your hands before you eat bread and think about sustaining your body well so you can continue your day in the service of G-d - you've achieved the main goal.
Interestingly, eating properly (which CC members help motivate each other to do and what CC is all about ) is one of the things that the Torah also advocates. There is a verse in the Torah - where it's commanded to protect yourself from harm. Deuteronomy - Chapter 4 Verse 15. Can be loosely translated into many things. Protect yourself by eating properly not overindulging, not smoking. Basically living a healthy life is in the service of G-d!
So even though a label says 'Kosher' because it follows the rules of Kosher doesn't necessarily mean it's good for you - like full-fat ice cream with bazillions amounts of calories. But if you're pregnant for example and you crave it - there are Jewish laws that even allow a pregnant woman to eat pig if she will be seriously ill if she cannot satisfy herself with another option. What? you gasp? Yes! A pregnant woman can eat crispy bacon. (Of course you can try to convince her to have Ben & Jerry's instead - and you might succeed but if not a Rabbi may allow her to do so.
I hope my comments helps :)
As a Jewish woman who has, and will, always observe Jewish dietary laws (Kashrut), it is so helpful that the Orthodox Union (O-U) and many other supervising organizations have made it possible for me to have so many choices of to select from in any supermarket. The symbolic icons take the doubt out of my shopping trip to my local Trader Joes.
The challenge of choosing the healthiest diet for myself is still quite there.
Thank you Calorie Count for giving me the support in that aspect of each day.
I understand the tendency for people to be offended by this article, because, even though I am not Jewish, it seems clear that the author was not an expert on the subject. The author clearly did some research, but it is just as clear that kosher practices have deep roots in belief and tradition, and that your understanding of those roots changes and deepens when it is a part of your life or upbringing.
It is the same feeling I get when non-Mormons talk about Mormon beliefs they have read or heard about. I am not Mormon - but my Mother is, and part of my extended family - and when the situation arises I correct people's misunderstandings. Sometimes the facts are misunderstood, such as the 'magic underwear' thing, and sometimes their facts are wrong, such as the misconception that Mormons believe in polygamy.
So, I say that I understand the 'tendency' for people to be offended by this article, but I think they are mainly misunderstanding the author. I don't feel that the author was commenting on religious beliefs or practices directly at all. The author never said that there was no important reason for Kosher labeling. Of course Kosher labeling matters to people that eat Kosher. The article was written for non-Kosher eaters that might be attracted to Kosher labeled products because of the perception that they are better or healthier. She made it clear that that was the focus of the article with, "There are a reported three to six million Jews in America and estimates suggest that only 15-25% of Jews keep kosher. So how is it that 25% of all new food products are being labeled as kosher?"
Yes, it could have been better stated, and you certainly have the right to be offended whenever you find something offensive. Most offensive things people do and say are not as obvious as your boss slapping you on the rear (the stereotype of sexism at work). However, and in my humble opinion, the article was about diet, not religion. That is why the author did not write 20 pages about varying traditions, definitions of kosher, and levels of regulation thereof. It was also not about whether or not kosher labeling had a purpose beyond attracting consumers (it obviously does!).
I feel like everyone is so ready to be offended that we can't talk about anything. You should always stand up for yourself and you shouldn't feel obligated to keep quiet when you disagree with others. But going beyond what people are saying to assume something offensive is a social trend I am noticing, that I think most of us could work on (me included). I
didn't find the article detailed enough to be super informative, but I was interested in the topic, and would like us to be able to continue to discuss any relevant health topics on this site. I appreciated those of you who added to the info about what Kosher really means in practice.
Original Post by: kmishl
The author is an idiot. First, let's say half of the jews in America keep kosher. Many times the non-kosher Jews have to buy kosher to be able to offer to friends/family. It also allows companies to expand their consumer base and allow Jews to eat.. And make more money. Finally, with respect to basically calling people stupid and saying they know nothing about "health" and ignorantly buy kosher. I agree-- people are stupid. The "in" thing is vegan/vegetarian. "Skinny b*tch is in and meat is out. So why are their increased sales lately? Because lazy vegetarians/vegans just have to look for kosher and know it's ok to eat. They don't have to learn all the jargon.
Huh? Kosher is not vegetarianism (meat is a-okay with Kosher) . . .
From a Jew, who observes Kashrut, and loves caloriecount-- this article is pretty awful.
No. Kosher is not any healthier than conventional food. Israel eats Kosher. According to statistics they did worse than US or European countries on most accounts such as heart disease, blood pressure, arthritis etc. Israel has LOTS of VERY fat people. especially women. worse than alabama. If you are trying to find medical or health aspects in kosher you are wasting your time. it's about religion and how you want to deal with it. same goes to vegetarians. most recent study from Univ. of Vienna published a clinical study where they followed some 8000 people. vegetarians and not. vegetarians did a lot worse. heart disease, occurrence of cancer, medical visits etc. do you think any vegetarian will go back to carnivore diet after reading that? i seriously doubt it. when beliefs are involved... logic rests.
by the way did you know that jews cannot eat eel fish? because it does not have scales. i found out just a coupe of years ago. still can't process that
No. Kosher is not any healthier than conventional food. Israel eats Kosher. According to statistics they did worse than US or European countries on most accounts such as heart disease, blood pressure, arthritis etc. Israel has LOTS of VERY fat people. especially women. worse than alabama. If you are trying to find medical or health aspects in kosher you are wasting your time. it's about religion and how you want to deal with it. same goes to vegetarians. most recent study from Univ. of Vienna published a clinical study where they followed some 8000 people. vegetarians and not. vegetarians did a lot worse. heart disease, occurrence of cancer, medical visits etc. do you think any vegetarian will go back to carnivore diet after reading that? i seriously doubt it. when beliefs are involved... logic rests.
by the way did you know that jews cannot eat eel fish? because it does not have scales. i found out just a coupe of years ago. still can't process that in my mind


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This, the second drama in Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy which was produced in 458 B.C.E., derives its name from the chorus of slave women who are bringing libations to Agamemnon's grave as the play opens. Some considerable time has elapsed since the events dramatized in the first play of the trilogy, Agamemnon: the return from the Trojan campaign of the victorious commander of the Greek forces only to be lured into his palace and there treacherously slain by his adulterous wife Clytemnestra and her lover, Agamemnon's cousin Aegisthus. In the earlier play Clytemnestra had made a lame excuse to her perplexed husband for the absence of their son Orestes: she had claimed she had had to spirit him away to a relative …
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Podlecki, Anthony. "Choephori". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 14 April 2009
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=370, accessed 29 September 2016.]


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An Orlando teacher was fired Friday after an investigation into allegations that he had sex with a student.
Hugh Broomes, a language arts teacher at Jones High School, was arrested last month after he was accused of repeatedly having sex with a 16-year-old student since November.
The school district fired him after its investigation showed he was texting the student and arranging to meet her on school property to have sex.
Two year ago, Broomes was named the school's Teacher of the Year.


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October 18, 2006, 09:30 PM
Hey folks, I was browsing around the site a week or two ago, and someone listed a website that had pertinent state carry info. It was something like gunlaw.com, but that's not quite it. I should have written it down at the time, but didn't. Any Ideas
A newbie
A newbie


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I've never played Corruption, but I've played Prime 1 and 2. And if 3 is similar at all, it will be a little confusing at first. However, with the inclusion of NPCs in Corruption (talking characters to help the story and game along), the game might be a little less daunting. I think you'll enjoy it no matter what. Instead of worrying about what's going on in the Metroid world, watch Gametrailers.com's "Metroid Retrospective" to learn what situation Samus (the main character) is in now.
If your interested in Prime 3 at all, get it. I can almost guarantee you won't be dissapointed.


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
|4 Weeks Ago 08:05 AM
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
I've only once picked up a line (other than on an outboard as a kid). Under power, about 30 miles offshore somewhere off NH or northern MA. Don't recall exactly. Dead calm seas, no wind, few hundred feet deep. Had been motoring for hours. Saw it at the last minute and made the mistake of trying to turn. One's first response in that situation should be pulling back to neutral.
I have a shaft line cutter (Spurs), but it did not automatically severe the line. I did pull to neutral, after wrapping, then tried to reengage in forward to see if it would cut, but I just heard it bang (presumably the float). I then tried reverse and heard an instant loud clunk and the float came out from under the boat. Off I went. One theory is it was a previously cut float and line that was adrift. Although, I have sailed through a lobster pot field, with radar reflectors, that were 20 miles offshore of Maine in hundreds of feet of water (at 4am). I thought I was far enough offshore, in the dark, to intentionally miss them. I had even slowed our approach to make landfall at dawn to be able to see them. There's just no outsmarting the lobstermen in Maine.
|4 Weeks Ago 07:42 AM
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
My bad Tayana 37-one of Bob's. Up here we have lobster pots up the wazoo. In Maine not uncommonly in fairly deep waters. In Rhode Island commonly with nothing more then a milk bottle or two as a float. Also when crossing the bays you may run into the occasional fish traps or lobster traps buoyed at the ends but hard to see. Add in all the polypropylene rope just floating around there's a bunch to hit.
But the most expensive mistake involved a winter stick in Marion MA harbor. At the time had a psc34. Came into the harbor in the evening with heavy cloud cover and no moon. Although it was summer there was a winter stick floating on its side with thin cable/rope down to a mooring. Color of wood and that of water nearly the same in that light and didn't expect a winter stick in the middle of the summer. Ran over it and sucked it in. Goodbye to a expensive Maxprop. Hello to a tow, haul and yard bill.
When a line jams between hull and rudder it's a bear to get out. Doesn't matter full keel, spade whatever. Of interest regardless of type of appendages all mishaps have been under power not sail. Wonder if that's other folks experience?
|4 Weeks Ago 06:36 AM
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
Originally Posted by Lazerbrains View Post
Worse, it seems half of the floats these days are painted black instead of an easy to spot color such as white or red.
|4 Weeks Ago 11:00 PM
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
I thought T37 meant Tayana 37 in this context. It's one of Bob's.
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
I am familiar with the Blackwatch, and the T37. And you are right, I am younger than the Blackwatch, and they are quite rare on the west coast. I did once see a gorgeous one that sails out of San Diego - beautiful boat that looked like a full-time job to keep up with the brightwork. Is that what you had Outbound?
Originally Posted by mitiempo View Post
You must be younger than Outbound or myself.
The first T37 was full keel - designed by Hood and first built in 1965. Available with fiberglass cabin as T37 or Black Watch with mahogany cabin.
Black Watch below.
Link to details: BLACK WATCH 37 sailboat specifications and details on sailboatdata.com
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
Unfortunately, catching lines around my prop is a regular experience in Asia. Nobody is immune from it here. I carry a couple of serrated swiss army steak knives just for this. Sometimes I can catch the change in pitch and normal shaft sound before it get's too tight and shut the motor down. Some time a quick blast of reverse will cast the line free. Other times the engine will shut down. Very small gap between the shaft anode and shaft housing, small line gets wound up in that space, has to be cut out.
As well as line, I've had plastic bags, rice sacks and a whole host of other debris caught in the prop.. Indonesia was the worst.
|Capt Len
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
Up this coast it can be prawn trap floats pulled under by 5 or 6 knts of current If you don't realize your sidways over ground you stand a good chance of meeting a rope. Hanging by your stern in the dark till slack or until the tug and log boom comes thru can be testing
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
Originally Posted by Lazerbrains View Post
T37 as in Tartan? That's not a full keel with a prop in an aperture - fin keel with skeg and exposed prop.
The first T37 was full keel - designed by Hood and first built in 1965. Available with fiberglass cabin as T37 or Black Watch with mahogany cabin.
Black Watch below.
Link to details: BLACK WATCH 37 sailboat specifications and details on sailboatdata.com
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
T37 as in Tartan? That's not a full keel with a prop in an aperture - fin keel with skeg and exposed prop.
At any rate, to Jeff's experience, I would think it would be easier to get the line out of the rudder/keel gap then removing one entwined around a prop . A float can't jam the line up in there with anywhere near the force of the winding action of a prop, and can't be wound around multiple times. Furthermore, a line winding around a shaft will bind up the shaft and can potentially cause more damage than just temporarily disabling the boat. And if it misses the prop, it can still catch on your rudder.
Obviously the best thing is to avoid the crab pots when possible. I'm amazed I've never hit one - when lobster season rolls around here, the commercial guys literally set them up immediately outside the harbor gate - it is a minefield if you get stuck in it. Worse, it seems half of the floats these days are painted black instead of an easy to spot color such as white or red.
|Capt Len
Re: Production Boats and the Limits
SS finger bridging the keel/rudder gap is a bonus if transiting the trap grounds. Grew up with propeller guard cages on gillnetters and seiners.
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Crews battle house
fire in Newton Falls
NEWTON FALLS - Firefighters from the Newton Falls Joint Fire District and from Braceville were called to a house fire at 227 Oak Knoll St. late Sunday afternoon.
Red Cross also was called to help the two adults and two teens at the home, according to the Trumbull County 911 Center. Crews were called at 4:30 p.m. and left at 5:35 p.m.
Husted in Warren
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WARREN - Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted will visit John F. Kennedy High School in Warren today to participate in the school's Democracy Day celebration.
Democracy Day recognizes the 26th Amendment, which gives 18-year-olds the right to vote. Husted's visit is part of the Republican's effort to educate students on the importance of voting.
April 8 is the deadline to register to vote in the May 7 primary election. Individuals who will be 18 on or before Election Day are allowed to register to vote.
Sen. Brown to discuss
minimum wage
Democrat U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown will be in Boardman today to call for passage of the Fair Minimum Wage Act, legislation that would raise the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour in three steps.
Brown will join owners of the Yankee Kitchen at their Market Street restaurant to urge passage for the bill, which also would give a pay increase to tipped workers.
Minimum wage in the U.S. is $7.25 an hour. In Ohio, it is $7.85 an hour.


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Expedia.co.in Travel News is your starting point for airline, airport, flight,
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Posted on Saturday 21 August 2010
in Egypt
The Pacific Area Travel Writers Association (PATWA), in partnership with Safari India, has named Egypt as the "perfect holiday destination."
Adel El Masary, Director of India's Egyptian Tourism Office, stated that India is a prime market for Egypt.
"In the first quarter of 2010, Egypt has drawn 34,447 Indian tourists, registering a growth of 37.8 percent over the corresponding period last year," said El Masary. He added that nearly 40 percent of India's outbound tourists head to the North African country, and that he would like to promote the nation as a "wellness and water sport destination."
Safari India finds Egypt to be a great destination for the "globe-trotting businessperson and the corporate Indian traveler," however the country's tourism department is also trying to encourage more romantic getaways for Indians planning their honeymoons. To do so, it will further promote its popular Luxor and Nile cruises.
Although some people still view Egypt as a "pyramid culture," Luxor offers many modern restaurants and clubs in conjunction with ancient monuments.
PATWA also honored El Masary this week with the award for Best Tourism Director from Overseas.
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The Essential Max Brooksby Max Brooks
"Brooks [is] America's most prominent maven on the living dead...Gripping reading." --Hartford CourantThis collection, available exclusively as an ebook, brings together two New York Times bestselling titles from Max Brooks: The Zombie Survival Guide and World War Z. Fully illustrated and exhaustively comprehensive, The Zombie Survival Guide is the key to survival against the hordes of undead who may be stalking you right now. In World War Z, Brooks delivers an invaluable chronicle of the Zombie War, told in the haunting and riveting voices of the men and women who witnessed the horror firsthand.
Guerra mundial Zby Max Brooks
La crónica de cómo la humanidad se enfrentó a la peor amenaza jamás vista.El final estaba cerca, muy pocos vivieron para contarlo... Sobrevivimos al apocalipsis zombi, sin embargo ¿cuántos de nosotros todavía viven atormentados por los recuerdos de estos tiempos terribles? Hemos derrotado a los muertos vivientes, pero ¿a qué precio? ¿Es solo una victoria temporal? ¿Sigue la especie en peligro de extinción? Contada a través de las voces de aquellos que fueron testigos del horror, Guerra Mundial Z es el único documento que existe acerca de la pandemia que estuvo a punto de acabar con la humanidad. Reseña:«Tiene más creatividad e ímpetu que cajas enteras de nuevos títulos de ficción.»USA Today
Guerra Mundial Zby Max Brooks
Sobrevivimos el apocalipsis zombi, pero ¿cuántos de nosotros seguimos marcados por esa época tan espeluznante? Derrotamos a los muertos vivientes, pero ¿a qué costo? Guerra mundial Z es el único relato de esa época infernal, contado por los hombres y mujeres que fueron testigos del horror.
La marcha zombiby Max Brooks
BROOKS MANTIENE intacto su talento desbordante y su capacidad de sorprendernos y lo demuestra con estas cuatro visiones del universo zombi: «El desfile de la extinción», la guerra entre zombis y humanos vista por unos vampiros que ven con alarma cómo se están quedando sin alimento; «Gran Muralla», donde una China despótica trata de hacer frente a la invasión zombi reclutando forzosamente a gente para reconstruir la Gran Muralla; «Steve and Fred» un relato de doble filo que desafía las fronteras entre realidad y ficción, y «Cierre, S.L» una entrevista a un terapeuta danés que, tras la plaga, «recupera» psicológicamente a quienes no se atrevieron a matar a familiares infectados.
Punto Fina, S. A.by Max Brooks
En Punto Final, S. A., Max Brooks, único heredero de George R. Romero, vuelve a utilizar a los zombis para reflexionar sobre el colapso de la civilización. Esta vez, es una entrevista traspapelada que debía haber aparecido en Guerra Mundial Z, con un terapeuta danés que, tras la plaga, «recupera» psicológicamente a quienes no se atrevieron a matar a familiares infectados.Este ralato forma parte de la antología La marcha zombi.
Tales from the Cobra Warsby Max Brooks John Skipp Jonathan Maberry Matt Forbeck Chuck Dixon Duane Swierczynski Cody Goodfellow Jon Mcgoran Dennis Tafoya
A high-velocity collection of original fiction for G.I. Joe fans of all ages--including a new story from Max Brooks!Just in time for the new film G.I. Joe: Retaliation,this action-packed collection features original fiction from today's top crime and thriller writers, including a new story and introduction by Max Brooks, author of World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War. Featuring characters Flint, Scarlett, Destro, and the Baroness, Tales from the Cobra Wars depicts the ongoing war between G.I. Joe and Cobra from every angle. Eight tales about global covert conflict, penned by such writers as Jonathan Maberry, Duane Swierczynski, Matt Forbeck, and Dennis Tafoya, are accompanied by striking black-and-white illustrations by Michael Montenat. Chuck Dixon, IDW's main G.I. Joe comics scribe, makes his prose debut with a new Snake Eyes adventure.
World War Zby Max Brooks
"The end was near." --Voices from the Zombie WarThe Zombie War came unthinkably close to eradicating humanity. Max Brooks, driven by the urgency of preserving the acid-etched first-hand experiences of the survivors from those apocalyptic years, traveled across the United States of America and throughout the world, from decimated cities that once teemed with upwards of thirty million souls to the most remote and inhospitable areas of the planet. He recorded the testimony of men, women, and sometimes children who came face-to-face with the living, or at least the undead, hell of that dreadful time. World War Z is the result. Never before have we had access to a document that so powerfully conveys the depth of fear and horror, and also the ineradicable spirit of resistance, that gripped human society through the plague years.Ranging from the now infamous village of New Dachang in the United Federation of China, where the epidemiological trail began with the twelve-year-old Patient Zero, to the unnamed northern forests where untold numbers sought a terrible and temporary refuge in the cold, to the United States of Southern Africa, where the Redeker Plan provided hope for humanity at an unspeakable price, to the west-of-the-Rockies redoubt where the North American tide finally started to turn, this invaluable chronicle reflects the full scope and duration of the Zombie War. Most of all, the book captures with haunting immediacy the human dimension of this epochal event. Facing the often raw and vivid nature of these personal accounts requires a degree of courage on the part of the reader, but the effort is invaluable because, as Mr. Brooks says in his introduction, "By excluding the human factor, aren't we risking the kind of personal detachment from history that may, heaven forbid, lead us one day to repeat it? And in the end, isn't the human factor the only true difference between us and the enemy we now refer to as 'the living dead'?"Note: Some of the numerical and factual material contained in this edition was previously published under the auspices of the United Nations Postwar Commission.ct that we couldn't shock and awe Zack boomeranged right back in our faces and actually allowed Zack to shock and awe us! They're not afraid! No matter what we do, no matter how many we kill, they will never, ever be afraid!" --Todd Wainio, former U.S. Army infantryman and veteran of the Battle of Yonkers"Two hundred million zombies. Who can even visualize that type of number, let alone combat it? . . . For the first time in history, we faced an enemy that was actively waging total war. They had no limits of endurance. They would never negotiate, never surrender. They would fight until the very end because, unlike us, every single one of them, every second of every day, was devoted to consuming all life on Earth." --General Travis D'Ambrosia, Supreme Allied Commander, EuropeFrom the Hardcover edition.
The Zombie Survival Guideby Max Brooks
Called the "Studs Terkel of zombie journalism," Brooks provides the lessons that history has taught about zombie outbreaks. Here, Brooks chronicles the most famous outbreaks, gruesomely illustrated in graphic novel form.
The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete Protection from the Living Deadby Max Brooks
From the author of the #1 New York Times bestseller, World War Z, The Zombie Survival Guide is your key to survival against the hordes of undead who may be stalking you right now. Fully illustrated and exhaustively comprehensive, this book covers everything you need to know, including how to understand zombie physiology and behavior, the most effective defense tactics and weaponry, ways to outfit your home for a long siege, and how to survive and adapt in any territory or terrain.Top 10 Lessons for Surviving a Zombie Attack 1. Organize before they rise! 2. They feel no fear, why should you?3. Use your head: cut off theirs.4. Blades don't need reloading.5. Ideal protection = tight clothes, short hair.6. Get up the staircase, then destroy it. 7. Get out of the car, get onto the bike.8. Keep moving, keep low, keep quiet, keep alert!9. No place is safe, only safer. 10. The zombie may be gone, but the threat lives on. Don't be carefree and foolish with your most precious asset--life. This book is your key to survival against the hordes of undead who may be stalking you right now without your even knowing it. The Zombie Survival Guide offers complete protection through trusted, proven tips for safeguarding yourself and your loved ones against the living dead. It is a book that can save your life.From the Trade Paperback edition.
The Zombie Survival Guide: Recorded Attacksby Max Brooks Ibraim Roberson
Those who don't learn from history are condemned to repeat it.From the Stone Age to the information age, the undead have threatened to engulf the human race. They' re coming. They're hungry.Don't wait for them to come to you! This is the graphic novel the fans demanded: major zombie attacks from the dawn of humanity. On the African savannas, against the legions of ancient Rome, on the high seas with Francis Drake . . . every civilization has faced them. Here are the grisly and heroic stories-complete with eye-popping artwork that pulsates with the hideous faces of the undead. Organize before they rise!Scripted by the world's leading zombie authority, Max Brooks, Recorded Attacks reveals how other eras and cultures have dealt with-and survived- the ancient viral plague. By immersing ourselves in past horror we may yet prevail over the coming outbreak in our time.From the Trade Paperback edition.
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Northwest NEWS
ugust 13, 2001
King County to improve Sammamish River Trail
King County will widen and repave about two miles of the Sammamish River Trail between North Creek Bridge in Bothell and Northeast 145th Street in Woodinville. The work is scheduled to be completed by Aug. 30. Completion of the project will require three to four days of trail closures between Aug. 15 and 30.
These intermittent trail closures will occur on weekdays only, between the hours of 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.
Signs will be posted on the trail in advance to alert trail users of the upcoming closures. There is no designated detour route for use during the intermittent trail closures.
King County will widen two miles of the trail from the existing width of 10 feet to a new width of 12 feet, plus add two-foot gravel shoulders on each side.
King County will also repave this two-mile section of the trail.
The Sammamish River Trail connects with the Burke-Gilman Trail in Bothell, forming a popular 27-mile paved pathway taking users from King County's Marymoor Park near Redmond to Seattle's Fremont neighborhood.
For more information about this project, please contact Karen K. Soi at (206) 296-4250.


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An Offer She Can't Refuse: When Fundamental Rights and Conditions on Government Benefits Collide
Marie A. Failinger
Hamline University - School of Law
January 1, 1986
Villanova Law Review, Vol. 31, p. 833, 1986
This article criticizes the Maher/Harris conditions doctrine on two levels. At the first level, it suggests that the Maher/Harris doctrine cannot justify the Court's decisions to uphold government withdrawals of funding from rights-exercises. At the second level, after exposing and contrasting the definitional presuppositions of the Court in Maher and Harris with previous cases, the article suggests that the Maher/Harris doctrine is a failure because it uses utterly inadequate rights theory to resolve emerging issues of conflicting human need and conscience, issues which are mediated by government action. The author creates a space for a discussion of a new framework for adjudicating the role of government when it acts as intervenor among citizens through public benefits choices.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 97
Keywords: Counter-ethic of responsibility, rights, government benefits, Maher/Harris, withholding benefits, public benefits
Date posted: November 5, 2011
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text:
Paving crews will be working today and tomorrow on Mill Street in North Cornwall Township, Lebanon County.
The contractor that built two replacement bridges on Mill Street last year is returning to finish the project by paving the roadway approaches to both bridges -- one over the Quittapahilla Creek and the other over a nearby mill race.
Mill Street in North Cornwall Township is a township road, but the two bridges are owned and maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Today, PennDOT officials said the contractor plans on removing the temporary blacktop that was installed last fall. On Tuesday, the roadway approaches to the bridges will be repaved with new asphalt, weather permitting.
Motorists should be prepared to encounter a single-lane traffic restriction with flaggers assisting them through the work zone on each day.
PennDOT contracted with J.D. Eckman Inc. of Atglen to demolish the original single-lane bridge structures last year and build two new replacement bridges at a cost of $939,747.


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December 6, 2012
The DOE Rediscovers Economics 101
Mark Mills, Forbes
Google images
Apparently exporting something America has in abundance creates economic value — in this case, natural gas, not wheat (but that would be obvious). And the more of it you export, the more money you can make. And apparently in Washington D.C. this is "breaking news."
TAGGED: Mark Mills, Department Of Energy, LNG, Natural Gas Exports, Natural Gas


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The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (NCDPI) is seeking waivers to requirements of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) related to the state's application for School Improvement Grants 1003(g). These grants serve low performing Title I schools. Ctizens are invited to comment on these waiver requests through Dec. 3.
These waivers would allow any local educational agency (LEA) in the State that receives a School Improvement Grant to
- Waive section 421(b) of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. § 1225(b)) to extend the period of availability of FY 2009 carryover school improvement funds for the SEA and all of its LEAs to September 30, 2014.
- Waive section 1116(b)(12) of the ESEA to permit LEAs to allow their Tier I schools that will implement a turnaround or restart model to "start over" in the school improvement timeline.
- Waive the 40 percent poverty eligibility threshold in section 1114(a)(1) of the ESEA to permit LEAs to implement a schoolwide program in a Tier I school that does not meet the poverty threshold.
Comments about these waiver
requests should be sent to:
Donna Brown, Section Chief
Program Monitoring
Raleigh, NC 27699-6351
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The goals of the requested waiver(s) are to increase the quality of instruction for students and improve the academic achievement of students in Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III schools by enabling an LEA to use more effectively the school improvement funds to implement one of the four approved SIG school intervention models in its Tier I or Tier II schools and to carry out school improvement activities in its Tier III schools. The four school intervention models are specifically designed to raise substantially the achievement of students in the State's persistently lowest-achieving schools.
The public is invited to review and comment on the waivers being requested by December 3, 2010. Learn more about the federal School Improvement Grants online at http://www.ncpublicschools.org/program-monitoring/grants/
About the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction:
The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction provides leadership to 115 local public school districts and 160 charter schools serving over 1.5 million students in kindergarten through high school graduation. The agency is responsible for all aspects of the state's public school system and works under the direction of the North Carolina State Board of Education.
For more information:
NCDPI Communication and Information Division, 919.807.3450.


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The Sacramento River Cats kicked-off the 2013 season with a new field, new prices and new food offerings. Click through the slideshow for a look at the changes, and photos from the team's home opener.
The River Cats start the season with an eight-game home stand.
The River Cats will play the Las Vegas 51's in the opening series.
All of the grass was ripped out and replaced with new sod at Raley Field.
The sod is a mix of rye and bermuda grasses.
The infield was also resurfaced with 350 tons of "infield mix".
The playing surface is 105,000 sq. feet. The sod was purchased and installed by a sod farm in Livingston.
Rye grass flourishes during the cooler months and is replaced with bermuda during the hot summers.
The River Cats dugout is ready for the home opener.
Raley Field has lowered prices on many of seats for the 2013 season.
Mondays will be called "Throwback Mondays" celebrating Sacramento's baseball history.
Sacramento Solons gear will be sold in the team store.
The Sacramento River Cats will play in Solons uniforms on Mondays celebrating the city's baseball history.
Hats, shirts even pajamas await River Cats fans at the store.
Fans who remember watching the Sacramento Solons can buy a hat and jersey.
Hats come in a variety of fitted sizes.
Hats come in a variety of fitted sizes and styles.
The Wicked Wich mobile food truck will bring it's famous sandwiches to Raley Field's Solon Club.
Wicked Wich will start serving their signature sandwiches on April 20.
Wicked Wich locally sources most of its ingredients and prepares sauces from scratch.
Sandwiches are layered with hand-cut french fries.
The River Cats opened the 2013 season at Raley Field on Thursday.
From beef to vegan there is sandwich for ever appetite.
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Water & Wastewater Companies in Costa Rica
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
based in San Jose, COSTA RICA
IMRES is operated by a trained engineer familiar with landfills and the landfill industry. IMRES is a distributor of New Waste Concepts products and equipment
Lighthouse Worldwide Solutions
Distributor in Tres Rios, COSTA RICA
Founded in 1982, Lighthouse Worldwide Solutions is the world's leading supplier of real time contamination monitoring systems and airborne particle counters. The company has leveraged its superior software design, data integration ability and worldwide support offices to provide its customers with leading edge contamination monitoring solutions. These solutions have ...
Electronic Engineering
based in -, COSTA RICA
Carbon Ingenieria
based in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Carbon Ingenieria is a firm of consulting engineers specialized in power generation projects, industrial, buildings, mining and urban infrastructure projects. Offers professional services in all stages of a project; such as economic and technical pre-feasibility studies, feasibility studies, basic design, final design, constructive drawings, budget estimates, owners ...
based in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Integral solutions to the waste and wastewater, for industries and residential sectors. Sludge dehydratation equipments and treatment plants.
Apex Instruments, Inc.
Distributor in COSTA RICA
Apex Instruments was established in 1988 as an American-owned company with worldwide impact. For more than 24 years, Apex Instruments has manufactured equipment for sampling emissions from industrial chimneys and smoke stacks using US-EPA guidelines. Our equipment is designed by a staff of experienced stack testers who understand your compliance testing needs.
Instrumentation Northwest Inc. (INW)
Distributor in COSTA RICA
Our environment requires constant monitoring. Threats can develop rapidly—and every second of response time counts. To stay ahead of environmental risks, you need a system that brings you accurate recordings as quickly as possible.We believe that our world can be better protected with quality information. That's why we take it as our mission to develop systems and ...
New Waste Concepts, Inc.
Distributor in COSTA RICA
New Waste Concepts, Inc. was founded in 1987 in Toledo, Ohio as Newastecon Inc. It is the mission of New Waste Concepts to work closely with our clients to develop products, equipment and operational services that solve the unique problems they face on a daily basis in a simple, reliable and cost effective manner. We develop and supply diversified remedial systems for ...
Global Water Solutions Ltd. - member of The Swan Group
Office in San Pedro Montes de Oca, COSTA RICA
Global Water Solutions Ltd. (GWS), a member of the Swan Group, offers a full line of pre-pressurized diaphragm tanks for water well, pressure booster, pressure management, reverse osmosis, hydronic heating and thermal applications. GWS is positioned to serve global markets with strategically located production in Randolph, Massachusetts, USA and Taichung, Taiwan with ...
EnviroLogek Technologies
Office in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Envirologek Technologies offers site investigation and remediation technologies for soil and groundwater cleanup. Products include bioremediation, surfactants, vapor extraction equipment, vapor condensation equipment, metals immobilization, soil gas sampling, non-purge groundwater sampling equipment, 3D Modeling, pumps and remediation equipment, aquifer with geophysics, ...
Waters Corporation
Distributor in COSTA RICA
Waters creates business advantages for laboratory-dependent organizations by delivering practical and sustainable scientific innovation to enable significant advancement in healthcare delivery, environmental testing, food safety, chemical materials and water quality. For nearly fifty years, Waters has helped customers make profound discoveries, optimize operations, ...
Myron L Company
Distributor in COSTA RICA
Myron L Company manufactures cost-effective high performance tools for solution control and water quality analysis, as well as calibration solutions, accessories and kits that keep instrumentation operating at peak performance in diverse applications. Our current product line includes handheld instruments, inline monitor/controllers and field test kits that measure ...
Eijkelkamp Soil & Water
Distributor in COSTA RICA
As part of Royal Eijkelkamp, Eijkelkamp Soil & Water contributes to the following mission and vision. Mission: Royal Eijkelkamp is able to make a continuous contribution to a safe and healthy living environment thanks to more than 100 years' experience and expertise in soil and water research. Vision: Royal Eijkelkamp wants to become the world's preferred supplier of ...
Atec Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Office in San José, COSTA RICA
In both of its buisiness areas, control engineering and environmental engineering, Atec Neu-Ulm provides high quality products and services. Design and manufacturing of our plants are made by our experienced team and take place in our headquartes in Neu-Ulm, Germany. For installations, commissioning and after sales services Atec has its own experienced engineers and ...
based in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Metrohm is exclusively represented in more than 80 countries, in more than 40 of which we have our own subsidiaries. This guarantees a tight network for sales and service.
Office in Escazú, COSTA RICA
Bionest is a family business specialized in wastewater treatment.As a technology company, Bionest designs, manufactures and markets advanced wastewater treatment solutions that have proven themselves by increasing water purification to a level significantly above world standards. The exceptional quality of the water treated by the BIONEST system allows it to be reused, ...
Metrohm AG
Distributor in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Metrohm is a worldwide leading manufacturer of precision instruments for chemical analysis. In the field of electrochemical ion analysis Metrohm has been the unchallenged world number one for many years. This is reflected in the company's comprehensive product range: pH meters, ion meters, conductometers, potentiometric, thermometric and Karl Fischer titration, ...
Aquatec Testing Laboratories (Agrotec Analytical Laboratories)
based in San Jose, COSTA RICA
Agrotec Analytical Laboratories specializes in laboratory analysis of agricultural and environmental samples (plant tissue, soil, soilless growing medium, water, nematodes, etc.).
TYPSA Group
Office in COSTA RICA
TYPSA Group is an independent consulting company specialized in civil engineering, building technology and environment. TYPSA`s income originated overseas account for 70% of its total revenues. At present TYPSA is carrying out 65 projects in more than 30 different countries. This international spirit has allowed gathering a deep knowledge of technical and cultural ...
Dando Drilling International Limited
Distributor in Escazu, COSTA RICA
Drilling International Limited - a company with over one hundred and thirty years of experience in the design, manufacture and sales of drilling rigs and ancillary equipment. Drawing on this vast body of experience and expertise, Dando offer an unmatched range of drilling rigs for waterwells, geotechnical investigation, mineral exploration, seismic investigation, ...
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