text:
Are you a budding electronics professional? And confused about selecting the right path to achieve your dream job? A lot depends on your capabilities. The statistics suggest microcontroller-related skillsets as the ones in demand by the industry. Before you acquire them, consider the following commandments for your survival.
A brief on micro-controllers
In simple words, microcontrollers are tiny computer-like processors that make electronics products intelligent. These are required for all electronic control units. To cite an example, an average consumer uses about 100 microcontroller-enhanced products ranging from microwave oven to copier and phone at workplace and remote control for television viewing at home.
According to Databeans, 32-bit microcontrollers are growing the fastest, at a compound growth rate of 16 per cent each year. Shares of 4-bit and 8-bit microcontrollers have been declining, while that of 16-bit device controllers have accelerated.
The Indian scenario
Currently, the Indian semiconductor market represents only one per cent of the $280-billion global market. But you may be surprised to know that it is growing faster than the global average.
"The use of microcontrollers is now increasing steadily as numerous applications now use electronic control. Applications ranging from entertainment to power train and body electronics increasingly use electronic control circuits for better reliability and performance. Severe competition, stringent pollution and safety norms, and fuel economy are some of the factors influencing the automotive industry to look for new technologies using electronic controls," says Anil Kumar, president of Indian Printed Circuit Association (IPCA).
The subcontracting of microcontroller design work to Indian companies has been prevalent for more than a decade now. Microcontroller-related designing (both software and hardware) indirectly contributes to 20-30 per cent of a company's revenues.
However, the new trend in the last five years has been the setting up of subsidiaries in India by multinational OEMs such as Microchip Technology, Texas Instruments, Infineon and Freescale Semiconductor to capture the embedded control solutions market for consumer, automotive, office-automation, communications and industrial control electronics.
32-bit microcontrollers are growing the fastest, at a compound growth rate of 16 per cent each year. Shares of 4-bit and 8-bit microcontrollers have been declining, while that of 16-bit device controllers have accelerated.
According to NASSCOM, in India, $750 million were spent on R&D of embedded systems in year 2006. The figure would rise to $1.1 billion by 2009. This is, however, just a minuscule portion of the global opportunity that is waiting to be tapped.
The growing demand for better energy management is expected to increase adoption of digitally programmable microcontroller solutions in motor, lighting and power related applications.
Opportunities for aspirants
The microcontrollers industry provides you with a lot of career options. It is because of the vast applications of microcontroller-based products. Most of the roles, however, can be grouped under some broad categories.
If you have interest in quality control, you may become a test engineer. In this role, you will be responsible for formulating test strategies, ensuring end-product quality and carrying out system testing accordingly.
Else, you may utilise your logical mind as a software developer. You have to analyse and optimise embedded software meant for the targeted real-time operating system. Often the tasks like developing installable and built-in device drivers, kernel modifications and embedded applications are also a part of 'what to do' list.
Those who have a passion for solving mystery may choose to become a firmware engineer. It involves mainly debugging and troubleshooting and often testing of various protocols within an embedded firmware stack used in the microcontroller.
The use of microcontrollers is now increasing steadily as numerous applications now use electronic control. Applications ranging from entertainment to power train and body electronics increasingly use electronic control circuits for better reliability and performance.
—Anil Kumar, president of Indian Printed Circuit Association (IPCA)
If you would like to explore how
microcontrollers can be made more operative or how a system can use a microcontroller to meet some specific need, then the suitable role for you is of an R&D engineer. You will be responsible for instrumentation, design and development in programmable logic control (PLC), drives or SCADA related fields and microcontroller instructions.
If you would like to bank largely on your communication skills, then also there is a role. You may begin as a field application engineer who is responsible for maintenance, servicing and customer care related operations.
Major recruiters. Similar to the wide applications of microcontrollers, you will find that a wide variety of industries are recruiting microcontroller professionals. The major recruiters are Texas Instrument, Conzerv, Infineon Technology, Freescale Semiconductor, Safenet InfoTech, Robert Bosch, Mah India, Acculogix Inc, Methode Electronics, Reinfold Physical In, Multi Services, Emerson Design Engineering, VVDESIGN, Minilec India and Microchip technology.
However, you can't ignore the small-and medium-scale players in this field. In fact, around 60 per cent of the recruitment occurs in the small and medium sector.
Basic criteria for entry
If you define a fresher as a direct passout without any industrial exposure, the recruitment possibilities narrow down to some big firms like Texas Instruments and Microchip Technology. These select candidates from various institutes of repute and train them according to their needs. Most of the recruiters prefer candidates with at least a small degree of industry exposure. However, they need not be full-time employees. Any equivalent training is also well accepted.
As regards the basic criteria for entry, diploma holders, engineering (as well as science) graduates, postgraduates and even doctorates with the background of electronics/electrical engineering or computer science may try their luck here.
If you ask any industry spokesperson about the skill sets expected of freshers and what fresh graduates bring to the table, only a huge gap is revealed. It is in fact a significant drawback of our educational system.
Most of the microcontroller firms find gap in areas such as architecture and design. In particular, getting people in ARM and data acquisition is a challenge.
Moolah matters
It won't be too much of an exaggeration to say that you will probably find this field as one which offers enough provisions for learning as well as earning. The remuneration is quite good even at starting point.
The existing government or public-sector players offer a starting salary in the range of Rs 8000 to Rs 10,000 per month (excluding allowances) for diploma holders and Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000 per month for degree holders.
In the private sector, the starting salary may range from Rs 5000 per month to Rs 30,000 per annum for a fresher. The variation depends on several factors like the nature of the organisation and competency level and academic background of the candidate. The minimum figure describes the salary for a fresh diploma holder in a not-so-established SMU and the higher figure is for an engineering degree holder in an MNC of repute. But the private sector is ready to offer more lofty figures for the candidates who have suitable practical exposure in the form of a specialised training course, proper industrial training or systematic industry-defined project work.As regards yearly growth in salaries,
We do see a gap in areas such as microcontroller architecture. In particular, finding fresh graduates with a knowledge of ARM and ADC is a challenge
—S. Somashekar, director-technical, SM Electronic Technologies
at this moment, with the economy on the skids and jobs under threat, it's really difficult to predict the future salaries. However, if we analyse the industry feedback for the previous years, an engineer may expect 20 to 25 per cent hike per year. For a diploma holder, it will be in the range of 10 to 15 per cent. Though you may find job switching an easy way to increase your salary, it is advisable to stick to your first job for at least one year to create a strong foothold.
Expected growth
As an aspiring candidate, you may be on the fast track of growth in the micro-controller segment, provided you are a competent, hard working and constant learner. Except field application, most of the job profiles available at the beginning are typically at the technical end. With strong inclination towards technological nitty-gritty, you may climb the ladder gradually to a senior engineer, technical lead engineer or project head position. You can even start technical consultancy after gaining sufficient knowledge. The techno-commercial route may be another way of climbing up if you really want to know the business process. Starting with any of the roles mentioned earlier, you may reach the position of a senior manager by simply banking on your soft skill sets.
Tips for students
Before building your skills for a possible employment opportunity, you need to know what's in demand there. Let's therefore focus on the industry expectations. I will highlight some of the basic things that your potential employer may be looking at when he interviews you. As an employer is hiring you at a junior level, no expertise is expected. But the basic understanding of the subject and the urge to learn are must.
I am using the term 'basic understanding' to cover the fundamentals of electronics, such as functional and component level knowledge of electronic circuits (including PCBs, ICs, resistors, amplifiers, multipliers, transistors, etc) and basic-level knowledge of allied fields like electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and mathematics. Don't get surprised if your employer asks something beyond your course curriculum. He may even expect you to know statistics or project management.
Your key skill sets in the relevant fields are knowledge of the micro-controller architecture (especially advanced ones like ARM, PPC and MIPS for SoCs), object-oriented programming for PLCs and SCADA, testing protocols and tools, networking and instrumentation procedures and protocols, and basics of analogue and digital design.
It is possible that you are aware of most of these terms from a theoretical perspective only. But industries do not rely on bookish knowledge. So keep yourself updated on the current trends in technologies and explore the application-oriented part of the theory.
Remember that hard skills alone won't take you anywhere. Soft values like
"Along with the knowledge of electrical and mechanical engineering, the basic-level knowledge of industrial statistics and project management is must for any electronics professional even at the entry level."
—Dr Navin Kapur, senior general manager-technical, CDIL
communication skills, inter-personal skills , e-mailing capabilities and presentation skills have assumed greater importance today. The factors that make you attractive are your ability to drive results not only through your technical abilities but also your people sensitivity and understanding of the larger market dynamics.
Formatting for the industry
Digest those technical nuts and bolts in a logical way. Instead of following a particular manufacturer's reference databook, follow a generic approach to know the microcontrollers. Learn how the general principles are implemented in practice. Then mug up the marketable stuff, whether it is a specific architecture, operation of a specific controller or syntax of any object-oriented program.
Explore the microcontroller systems step by step. Start with the foundation level, i.e., the architecture. From the architectural point of view, a microcontroller—the dedicated application system—and other general-purpose computers are quite similar. So the basic operation of a general-purpose computer is to be assimilated first. Get acquainted with registers, the arithmetic and logic units, read-write memory for data storage, read-only memory for program storage, flash memory for permanent data storage, peripherals, input/output interfaces and how a computer works.
Turn now to the central processor: the steps you take here will be the same as for any processor you may come across later in your career. Evaluate a processor by looking at the hardware resources. At the basic level, these include the registers in the CPU, such as accu-mulators, memory addressing registers and condition code registers. For some advanced processors, such as Motorola's M8HC11 or Intel's 8051 microcontroller, the CPU may contain other hardware resources like timers, parallel and serial I/Os, and analogue I/O. Pay attention to the programmer's model concept associated with each type of processor.
Next, see how these principles are applied in a specific RISC (reduced instruction set computing) microcontroller. In this phase, you can explore the architecture of 16-bit, 32-bit or the high-end ones like ARM, MIPS and PPC. Working knowledge of any of these high-end microcontrollers may make you the potential candidate for a job.
How to proceed further?
The system is unveiled. What's next? The key is with you. Walk through the execution of micro-controller instructions. At this point, you will encounter operands and operations. The combination of an operation and an operand generates an instruction in Assembly language program. Fundamentals of any Assembly language program such as operation and operand fields, comment fields and mnemonics should be registered properly to step through the instruction execution cycle. It is important to understand system timing and control instructions to get control over the subject.
Project-driven learning, backed by a steady exposure to seminars on contemporary topics and interaction with the industry people, gives the course structure an edge. A microcontroller-based project in the area of data acquisition or automation may be a turnkey to enter a good organisation; any parallel course on microcontrollers may also be helpful
—Rajan Arora, team leader-testing, Barco Electronic Systems
The instruction set of a real processor has only a few categories of instru-ctions, such as data transfer, arithmetic and logic ope rations, and brunch and control instructions. But most of these have a variety of ways to address operands. The different ways in which an instruction can specify operands are called addressing modes. If you learn these along with the few categories of instructions, generating programs in any Assembly language will no longer be a daunting task.
As you begin programming in Assembly language, you will use the addressing modes. Your task is to look through the instructions in this category, to find the correct mnemonic for the operation required and then to find the correct addressing mode and the suitable assembler.
Here are some tricks of the Assembly language trade:
1. Use register addressing when possible
2. Use register indirect or indexed addressing
3. Use the stack for temporary data storage
4. Do not use magic number
Advanced programming related skills
While programming with a definite purpose, you have to experience the programmer's nightmare—your program does not work, sometimes it doesn't even appear to run. It's time for debugging.
Program debugging is like solving a mystery. You start the program expecting it to work perfectly, and it doesn't. And you conclude it's doing nothing. But the processor can't be in a 'nothing to do' condition. It may be fetching operational code, executing it, incrementing the program counter and fetching the next operating code. The operating codes are your creation. You have to detect the difference between what you expect the program to do and what it is actually doing. Debugging is the process of finding those clues and interpreting them to find the problem.
All debugging programs offer a variety of tools. Among them Gdb and Kgdb are of industrial importance at present.
Satisfying the real-world requirements
After getting familiar with the basic components, it's important to specify real-world requirements. A system is to be designed to meet them. Consider the design procedures applicable to both hardware and software projects, but remember that rarely in the real world we have the opportunity to follow the ideals of any design philosophy. Take a look at RTOS (real-time operating systems). An RTOS is one that does some process either at a specific time, say, midnight, or at specific intervals, say, every 15 seconds, or at a time required by some external device or event.
Now turn to problem specification. The preliminary problem specification is to design the hardware interface to transfer information from multiple sources to the processor, and vice versa using a computer bus. You have to explore the parallel bus architectures and how to create the interfaces between the external device and the processor. DMA (direct memory access) and other schemes associated with bus masters and slaves are must to learn. MODBUS and CANBUS are the effective tools of industrial importance.
After creating the channels for program flow, it's time to consider the events that can interrupt the normal flow of the program. Most processors have a software interrupt instruction that is useful for debugging also.
Is the formatting complete for you?
Now you are almost at the end of formatting. Put a little more effort to comprehend the basic principles of memory elements and the design of memory systems. Along with RAM and ROM, look at firmware to understand how memory chips work. Next, take a look at the interface between memory and the processor. Knowledge of advanced devices like pseudo static RAMs, programmable ROMs (EPROMs and UV-erasable EEPROMs), flash and NVRAMs is desired.
Basically, memory designing is a balancing act involving:
1. Choosing the amount of RAM and ROM to be used
2. Choosing the address in the memory map for each type
3. Choosing the memory chips with timing requirements which match processor timing
For software engineers, we expect a good background in data structures and algorithms, C/C++ programming, operating systems, optimisation, etc. Good exposure to OS internals is a bonus.
—C.P. Ravikumar, technical director, university relations, Texas Instruments
Matching often requires a detailed analysis of hardware, especially input /output inter-faces. It may be a wise decision to assimilate the details of memory interfaces and especially timing signals.
If you take a poll, you will find that many professionals have a terrible experience with serial interfaces. It is because they do not understand why all the signals in the standard interface are there. Try to develop an idea of the handshaking signals developed for communication channels, and interface cables for various common interface standards such as RS-232-C, RS-485, RS-422 and RS-423.
The formatting should be concluded by putting it all together for a definite application. At the basic level, any microcontroller application is always related to data acquisition and conversion. A processor has to read analogue information and act upon it in many applications. This requires analogue-to-digital conversion and vice versa. A clear-cut understanding of both the processes is a must if you would like to stick to this field.
Learning beyond the textbook
Major recruiters often need to spend quality time and resources on freshers in order to tailor them for their specific needs. But, as suggested earlier, you can overcome this 'gap' by being part of an industry-oriented project or strategically chosen alternative course run by an educational/technical centre. So explore the Internet, go through the technology related magazines, concentrate on your project work and try to identify a course that can increase your chances to be picked up.
Project-driven learning, backed by a steady exposure to seminars on contemporary topics and interaction with the industry people, gives the course structure an edge. A microcontroller-based project in the area of data acquisition or automation may be a turnkey to enter a good organisation; any parallel course on microcontrollers may also be helpful.
You can learn about 'chip to ship' of a system after completing a proper project. Nearly all Indian institutes, barring a handful, are woefully unable in providing students with such opportunities.
But, the industry is always ready to help deserving candidates. Ravikumar, technical director-university relations, Texas Instruments, explains that their extensive 'internship programme' provides enough learning opportunity for a student. The only thing to do on your part is to complete the groundwork about microcontrollers by using the steps we have already discussed above. Remember any useful project needs time; so start the process as early as possible. This can go a long way in providing you an edge over other contenders.
If you feel that you may lag behind due to lack of practical exposure, a strategically chosen course may be the solution. I emphasise on the word 'strategically' because it decides whether you will get the passport to a job or your money will be drained out. So before choosing the course, judge the reputation of the institute, the certification system, the industry accreditation and also the course curriculum.
Ultimately, everyone wants a best-fit. So first be clear about your goals. Then you can go ahead and make that call!
The author is a research analyst cum journalist at EFY


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A 45-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension presented to an outside dentist for extraction of carious tooth No. 20. The extraction was uncomplicated, but 2 months later, the patient began to experience painless jaw stiffness. He presented to an outside institution and was followed up because of his continued inability to open his mouth, which progressed to 1 to 2 mm of maximal incisal opening. Treatment with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and range-of-motion exercises was unsuccessful. The patient presented to our institution with an 18-kg weight loss and significant dental disease 5 months after the development of his initial symptoms. He denied any previous head or neck trauma.
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Skip to comments.Democrats threaten companies hit hard by health care bill
Posted on 03/28/2010 11:05:23 AM PDT by Nachum
Rep. Henry Waxman, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, has summoned some of the nation's top executives to Capitol Hill to defend their assessment that the new national health care reform law will cost their companies hundreds of millions of dollars in health insurance expenses. Waxman is also demanding that the executives give lawmakers internal company documents related to health care finances -- a move one committee Republicans describes as "an attempt to intimidate and silence opponents of the Democrats' flawed health care reform legislation."
On Thursday and Friday, the companies -- so far, they include AT&T, Verizon, Caterpillar, Deere, Valero Energy, AK Steel and 3M -- said a tax provision in the new health care law will make it far more expensive to provide prescription drug coverage to their retired employees. Now, both retirees and current employees of those companies are wondering whether the new law could mean reduced or canceled benefits for them in the future.
(Excerpt) Read more at washingtonexaminer.com ...
I always hated the old Soviet Union. I hate is twice as much now that WE are the Soviet Union.
Democrats are challenged by the truth. After practicing lying for so long, the truth escapes them.
The corporate answer SHOULD be: "Congressman, we did our homework. We needed to know what this was going to cost, and so we read the bill and found out. Don't you dare blame us for this since YOU wrote it and voted for it."
I'm hoping the Democrats piss off a lot of very powerful people. Unfortunately, they will be held afloat by a near unending supply of illegal and retard voters.
The dems can claim ignorance, of these truths, because they didn't read the bill!!!
I hope that some of these CEO's have the courage to tell the Senate to POUND SAND!
"Senator, we're going to spend another $100 MILLION to unseat every one of you communist bastards!"
Any government that threatens the people is not a GOOD government.
It's a thugocracy, that's certain.
Dont you dare blame us for this since YOU wrote it and voted for it. Don't forget to add "and did not read it."
Especially when the management of the private companies have been very preoccupied running their companies and haven't quite realised the nazi's have accomplished their putsch. They'll realise it pretty soon.
Aren't public companies REQUIRED to calculate and file new numbers pretty much as soon as they uncover new situations or circumstances that affest their financials?
If so, my answer to Waxman is: Stuff It Up Your Nostrils! We were complying with federal law or SEC rules!
The Dems were surprised because THEY DON'T KNOW WHAT'S IN THEIR (UNCONSTITUTIONAL) BILL OR WHAT ITS EFFECTS WILL BE.
"Dont you dare blame us for this since YOU wrote it and voted for it. Dont forget to add and did not read it."
They read enough to exempt themselves from the legislation. Execs should ask Waxman & Co. to explain that. They won't get an answer, but the question would be on the table.
They could have spoke up before this passed, but the cowardly sh%ts are complicit in this takeover. Asswipes.
When 100's of companies follow the lead of Deere, Caterpiller and At&T, what is Waxman going to do - parade them ALL up to Capitol Hill to give them "what for"? This is very bad publicity for Ovomitcare and they want to nip it in the bud before it gets out of hand.
This is nothing more than intimidation. Waxman/Stupak want to make examples of these companies in an attempt to cow others who might follow suit not to do so. It won't work. They have created a monster and, like Pelosi said, the bill passed, so now we're (inc. Democrats who voted for it) finding out what's in it.
Advise stockholders to tell Companies and their officers to stop making campaign contributions to these Democratic party idiots
If he decided, and he would, to be a dork about it, then these companies could all simultaneously release statements that would guarantee their stockholders would drop their share prices by 10% or more in a day. And then, they could point their finger at Waxman as the party responsible for "crashing the stock market."
Bring out the Number Crunchers! - Bring out the Number Crunchers!
Win one for the Gipper
Hose nose waxman has NO IDEA of what is in this deathcare bill anymore than those who voted for it do.
These companies are obligated by SEC law to post revised earnings or losses ahead of time. If I was one of these CEOs, I'd tell Congress to pound sand.
Sounds like Hugo C.
I am sure he is proud.
Hey, nostril, if you increase taxes on something (drug benefits for retirees) you get less of it. The government may be able to print money but AT&T can't. I remember people saying stuff like this would happen. The Democrats seem to think the can bully their way into gaining acceptance. I welcome an investigation especially a televised one.
Fascism on the march.
Looks like Lenin.
Wonder how many more will make announcements before this scam hearing on April 21? I hope many, many more.
They might can get away strong arming those who received bailouts, but those he didn't, I hope they tell them to go pound sand & to eat dirt.
An amalgamation of the Chicago and Washington D.C. ways.....personified exponentially under this Jack Squat administration.
I am figuring Obama will find some way to shut down the casinos in Vegas and Atlantic City next.
Heck, I don't think those companies will have a bit of a problem giving Congress data on how much this health care bill will cost. In fact, I would demand open hearings.
Waxy looks a bit like Lenin in that pic
John 8:42-44
If I were a CEO, I would say:
"Congressman Waxman, my company is MORE than happy to comply and provide you with our cost estimates related to healthcare. OF COURSE, we will ALSO supply the Wall Street Journal with the SAME information. Once they verify our calculations, I assume that you will do the decent thing and apologize."
Excellent observation!
Stench seems like the word...
Also, why weren't these corporations asked before the vote as to how they would be affected by the new health care regulations? Didn't House Speaker Nancy Pelosi say to just vote on it, and we'll find out what is in the 2000+ page legislation later? It all appears hugely hypocritical.
It remains to be seen if people care enough about their families, friends, and themselves to take a few days out of their busy lives to fight the Democrats. Far too few realize the severity of what happened this month. Everyone is running out of time.
It remains to be seen if people care enough about their families, friends, and themselves to take a few days out of their busy lives to fight the Democrats. Far too few realize the severity of what happened this month. Everyone is running out of time.
Timeline of Major Provisions in the Democrats Health Care Package
In future if they ask about the appearance of Democrats, you can use the dodge that "this is what they look like on the inside." This is a good start, to wax poetically about the harm it does a person to be filled with bitterness, envy and hate. And while it doesn't always show at first glance, they cannot hide their true appearance for long.
Likewise, take the opportunity to explain that appearances are not everything, but once you get to know a person, they may look ugly on the outside, but be beautiful within, and vice versa. And that often, the most beautiful people are miserable inside, because they know that outside beauty doesn't last, and yet that is all they have. Once it is gone, they have nothing.
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Lorene Eva Cobb, 90, of Amarillo died Sunday, May 15, 2011.
Graveside services will be at 1 p.m. Friday in Resthaven Cemetery in Lubbock with Danny Logan, pastor of Bell Avenue Baptist Church, officiating. Arrangements are by Boxwell Brothers Funeral Directors, 2800 Paramount Blvd.
Mrs. Cobb was born May 25, 1920, in Brazos to George and Bonnie Wagnon. She was a veteran of World War II, having served as a sergeant in the U.S. Army Air Corps.
She married Vernon Houston Cobb in 1945 in Lubbock. She had worked at the Amarillo Air Force Base and the Potter County tax office as a clerk, and she retired from the Reese Air Force Base in the Department of Transportation of Household Goods.
Mrs. Cobb was a member of Bell Avenue Baptist Church.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Vernon, in 1980; and two sons, Wendell Cobb and Harold Cobb.
Survivors include a son, George Cobb and wife Alice of Amarillo; a daughter-in-law, Catt Cobb of Albuquerque, N.M.; a sister, Ernestine Payne of Quitaque; four grandchildren, Tyson, Vanessa, Brian and Jana; and three great-grandchildren.
The family suggests memorials be to Ussery-Roan Texas State Veterans Home, 1020 Tascosa Road, Amarillo, TX 79124.
The family will receive friends from 6 to 7:30 p.m. today at the funeral home.
Leave online condolences at www.boxwellbrothers.com.
Amarillo Globe-News, May 19, 2011


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What: Shares of video game stocks Game Stop (NYSE: GME ) , Electronic Arts (NASDAQ: EA ) , and Take Two Interactive (NASDAQ: TTWO ) , all rallied nicely today on signs that the industry is turning around.
So what: According to market researcher NPD Group, U.S. physical retail video game sales in August jumped 21% year over year, reversing July's ugly 19% decline. While new hardware sales plunged 40% as gamers continue to wait on the sidelines for November's new console launches, the surge in console and PC-game sales suggests that some new titles are already breathing some much-needed life into the industry.
Now what: With the release of both the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One right around the corner, I'd expect momentum to continue over the short term. "Excluding January 2013, which was up due to an extra reporting week versus January 2012, the last time overall retail video game sales (hardware, software, and accessories) were up year over year was October 2011," NPD analyst Liam Callahan said in a statement. Of course, with the video game publishers as a whole continuing to shift toward digitally distributed games, I wouldn't lean on that data too much when deciding about a long-term investment in the space.
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Jørgensen, Marianne Hørby*; Hernell, Olle†; Hughes, Elizabeth L.‡; Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer*
*Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark; the †Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Sweden; and the ‡Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
Accepted December 21, 2000.
Supported by grants from the Danish Research and Development Programme for Food Technology (FØTEK), and BASF Health and Nutrition A/S.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Professor Kim Fleischer Michaelsen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), present in high concentrations in the brain and retina, has a role in visual development. DHA is present in human milk, but not in most infant formulas. It is, however, under discussion whether DHA should be added to formulas intended for term infants. The concentration of DHA in human milk, which is influenced by maternal diet, varies considerably, but it is unknown whether this variation affects visual development in term infants.
Methods: The authors investigated 39 4-month-old fully breast-fed term infants in a cross-sectional study. Visual acuity was measured by swept visual evoked potentials, milk DHA was determined by gas chromatography, and maternal fish intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire.
Results: Frequency of fish intake correlated positively to the DHA level in breast-milk (P = 0.001). Mothers who ate fish the day before sampling had a milk DHA level higher than expected from habitual fish intake (P = 0.002). If this was taken into account, 57% of the variation in milk DHA could be explained by fish intake. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between visual acuity and milk DHA (P = 0.02, R2 = 0.09).
Conclusion: This finding suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between infant milk DHA intake and visual acuity. If these data are confirmed, there is a need to consider the optimal intake of DHA for the lactating mother.
From the last trimester of pregnancy and through the first year of life, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) is incorporated rapidly into cell membranes of the brain and retina. DHA is also present in human milk, but not in most infant formulas. During the last decade it has been questioned whether formula-fed infants meet their needs of DHA for optimal development by endogenous elongation and desaturation of the precursor α-linolenic acid. Although there is general agreement that exogenous DHA is needed for optimal visual development in preterm infants until the capacity to synthesize is developed sufficiently (1,2), it is still discussed whether DHA is conditionally essential for term infants as well. Comparisons of visual acuity or neurodevelopment in intervention studies of term infants fed formulas with or without DHA have shown conflicting results (1,2).
The concentration of DHA in human milk varies considerably; for example, a mean of 0.2 wt% of total fatty acids in Western countries compared with a mean of 1.4 wt% in Inuit women (3). We have previously shown comparatively high, but variable concentrations of milk DHA among Danish mothers after 4 months of lactation (median, 0.30 wt%; range, 0.17–1.98 wt%; interquartile range, 0.24–0.39 wt%) (4).
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the variation in milk DHA content between Danish mothers is large enough to cause differences in visual acuity in their healthy, term, 4-month-old infants, and to evaluate the influence of frequency of fish intake on the DHA level of the milk.
Seventy 4-month-old infants were recruited through the national birth registry as a random sample among infants living in an area close to the institute. Inclusion criteria were term delivery (37–42 gestational weeks); normal birth weight for gestational age; uncomplicated pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal period; Apgar score more than 8 points after 5 minutes; and fully breast-fed at time of examination (no energy drinks and less than 100 mL formula a day were allowed). One infant was excluded because he was being monitored by an ophthalmologist for strabismus, four were excluded because they were small for gestational age (below the 10th percentile for birthweight [5]), and one was operated for pyloric stenosis. Six infants did not complete the sweep visual evoked potential (VEP), five because of technical problems with the equipment and one because of lack of cooperation. Six infants were partially formula fed and 13 were exclusively formula fed. Thus, 39 fully breast-fed infants were included in the analysis. All 39 infants were exclusively breast-fed until 14 weeks of age. From 14 weeks of age, one infant had 150 mL formula twice a week.
At entrance, body length, weight, and head circumference were measured; visual acuity of the infant was assessed; and a questionnaire on frequency of fish intake of the mother was administered. The mothers were also asked about any complications they experienced during pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, weight and length of the child at birth, Apgar score, complications during the first months of life, and feeding mode. The educational level of the mothers was recorded and classified in four groups from low to high.
Visual acuity was assessed as a steady-state swept VEP using the NuDiva system (6,7). All infants were tested under identical conditions. Vertical sine wave gratings, contrast reversed at a rate of 6.6 Hz, were presented at 80% contrast at a space average luminance of 160 cd/m2. The trial duration was 10 seconds, during which grating was increased in 10 linear steps from 1 to 16 cycles/deg. Five recording sites were used. Visual acuity was estimated by extrapolating the VEP amplitude versus spatial frequency to zero amplitude (8). Five trials were recorded and the records were scored automatically by computer and were checked manually for errors. The infant's visual acuity was taken as the highest score in the second harmonic. A detailed description of the method has been published previously (9). Values are given as LogMAR (logarithm10 to the minimal angle of resolution), and low values are equivalent to a better visual acuity.
Comparing two sweep VEP tests from the same infant within 3 days (n = 25; age, 4–12 months) showed that reliability was high. Only 8.5% of the day-to-day variation was caused by variation within the subject (unpublished data), which is in accordance with others (7).
Maternal fish intake was determined by a simple food frequency questionnaire adapted from Olsen et al (10). The questionnaires showed that in Danish pregnant women, 44% of the variation in red blood cell n-3 fatty acids could be explained by the answers from three simple questions (Table 1), whereas using a self-administered, more detailed questionnaire explained 48%, and combined with a structured interview to quantify daily fish intake explained 54% of the variation. Because intake of n-3 fatty acids is reflected in milk fatty acid composition 7 to 8 hours after a meal (11–13), a question about fish intake during the preceding day was added to the questionnaire (Table 1). Mothers were asked to express manually 4 mL breast milk after the first feed on the morning of the day of examination. The samples were frozen immediately and kept frozen until transported to the lab. On arrival at the institute, the milk was stored at −80°C until analysis. Total lipids were extracted according to Bligh and Dyer (14), and fatty acid methyl esters were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography as described (15). In short, a 50 m × 0.25 mm FAME column from Chrompack (CP Sil 88) was used. Standards from NuCheck (nos. 87, 90, and 96) were used to identify the response. The response factor was set at 1.00. A pooled sample of human milk was used as a daily control of the extraction.
Logarithm10 milk DHA values were used in all analyses because the distribution was skewed. A general linear model was performed to investigate possible relationships between milk DHA (dependent variable) and frequency of fish intake (analyzed as a class variable). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to investigate possible relationships between visual acuity, milk DHA, and fish intake the day before (dummy variable, 0–1 variable). SPSS 7.5 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.
Characteristics of the infants included are shown in Table 2. The median DHA content of the milk was 0.31 wt% of total fatty acids (range, 0.12–1.20 wt%). Table 3 shows the fatty acid composition of the milk. According to the questionnaire none of the mothers took fish oil supplements regularly. Only one of the nine mothers who ate fish the day before the milk sample was taken ate lean fish, the remaining mothers ate fatty fish. In a general linear model including frequency of consumption of lean and fatty fish, and fatty fish intake the day before sampling, all three variables were associated positively with milk DHA (frequency of lean fish intake, P = 0.02; frequency of fatty fish intake, P = 0.02; fatty fish intake the day before, P = 0.002; total model, P = 0.001). This model explained 57% of the variation in milk DHA (adjusted R2). Milk DHA levels of mothers who ate fatty fish the day before sampling was higher than expected from their habitual fish intake. No interaction terms were significant, indicating a strong influence of fatty fish intake the day before on milk DHA, independent of the frequency of fish intake. There was no significant difference between the effect of frequency of lean fish intake on milk DHA and frequency of fatty fish intake (P = 0.26).
The mean visual acuity was 0.37 LogMAR (range, 0.28–0.56 LogMAR). In a multiple linear regression analysis, there was a significant association between visual acuity of the infant and the mother's milk DHA (P = 0.02), controlling for intake of fatty fish the day before sampling (Table 4, Fig. 1). The visual acuity of infants of mothers who ate fish the day before sampling did not differ from the rest of the group (P = 0.96, t-test). Neither did arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic, or α-linolenic acid correlate with visual acuity, nor did any of the anthropometric data, such as gestational age or age at examination (data not shown). No association was found between educational level of the mother and visual acuity or educational level and milk DHA (P = 0.60 and 0.57, respectively; analysis of variance).
We have shown that frequency of fish intake was strongly associated with DHA levels in breast-milk. Although this has not been shown before, it was not unexpected because regular intake of fish oil capsules (12,16), DHA as single-cell oil (14), or egg yolk (18) all increase the DHA content of human milk.
The answers from four simple questions explained 57% of the variation in milk DHA. The fact that we showed an influence of recent fatty fish intake on milk DHA has implications for studies in which milk DHA is used as a parameter, especially in populations with a highly variable fish intake. A spot milk sample is influenced markedly by recent fish intake. However, despite this, a single milk sample will still give a reasonable reflection of the average DHA intake of the infant. Furthermore, we have shown previously that there is substantial tracking of milk DHA. Mothers having a high DHA at 1 month after delivery also tended to have high DHA levels 4 months after delivery (4).
Surprisingly, the effect of intake of lean and fatty fish on milk DHA did not differ. We speculate that it could be because lean fish in Denmark is more often eaten for supper, and thus in larger amounts, than fatty fish, which is eaten mainly as a bread spread for lunch. Furthermore, intake at supper will also have a stronger influence on levels in morning samples because of the shorter time interval.
This study is the first to report a positive association between the DHA level in human milk and visual acuity in breast-fed infants. Our findings suggest a dose–response relationship between milk DHA and visual acuity. Gibson et al. (19) supplemented lactating mothers with different levels of DHA as single-cell oils, which resulted in graded increases in milk DHA. Despite this, they did not observe any effect on visual acuity when the mothers were randomized to five different levels of DHA intake. They commented that the group sizes were small (5–10 infants/group) because of a high frequency of unsuccessful VEP measurements, raising the possibility of a type II error. Furthermore, the study by Gibson et al. (19) differs from the current study in type of visual test performed (transient VEP versus sweep VEP in the current study). With transient VEP the infant has to be alert to the video monitor five to seven times longer, and the data analysis of the electroencephalogram differs in several respects. Transient VEP is therefore less sensitive than sweep VEP. Interestingly, in the same study, Gibson et al. (19) found a positive relation between DHA levels in both infant plasma, red blood cells, and mothers' milk at 3 months, and Bailey developmental score at 1 year of age, supporting that DHA intake of the breast-fed infant affects early neurologic development.
Because the current study is cross-sectional, we do not have information on maternal fish intake, and thereby DHA status, during pregnancy. It is reasonable to believe that the mothers' fish intake during pregnancy does not differ markedly from their fish intake during lactation. It is therefore also likely that milk DHA levels, to some degree, also reflect the DHA status of the mother during pregnancy. Fish intake during pregnancy influences gestational age and birthweight (20). We have shown previously a strong relation between weight at delivery and visual acuity at 4 months, but only in formula-fed infants (8). Neither in the current study nor in previous studies did we find significant correlations between anthropometric data and visual acuity in breast-fed infants. We speculate that the DHA status of mothers during pregnancy (which is likely to reflect the DHA status of the infant at birth) is more important for formula-fed infants lacking an exogenous DHA supply immediately after birth than for breast-fed infants. This is supported by our study of infants whose mothers were supplemented with fish oil during pregnancy only. Eighty-eight percent of these infants were exclusively breast-fed for more than 1 month, and we could not find an effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on visual acuity at 6 to 10 months (21). We thereby find it reasonable to believe that our finding of an effect on visual acuity is mostly the result of DHA intake of the infant during lactation and less the result of DHA endowment during pregnancy.
If it can be confirmed that the DHA intake of the breast-fed infant, and thereby the DHA status of the mother, influences visual development, there is a need to consider the optimal intake of DHA for women during lactation.
The authors thank laboratory technician Kirsten Ebbesen for her valuable help in connection with milk sampling and analyses.
Breast-feeding; n-3 Fatty acids; Visual acuity; Visual evoked potential; Docosahexaenoic acid
© 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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Single Article Purchase:
Intussusception of the Vermiform Appendix Presenting Clinically as a Cecal Carcinoma
CAMPBELL J, McCORMICK WF.
AMA Arch Surg. 1959;79(5):825-826.
Published online November 1, 1959
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Web posted Monday, June 22, 1998 5:16 a.m. CT
Editorial: Erdmann errors haunt
The gross negligence and malfeasance of discredited pathologist Dr. Ralph Erdmann continues to haunt the Panhandle.
Now the tragic death of a Tulia baby nine years ago is being re-examined. Erdmann's autopsy reported that Anthony Lynn Culifer died of pneumonia an asthma. A new autopsy from earlier this year, however, revealed that the infant was smothered.
A suspect is in jail on an unrelated charge.
If not for the recovered memory of Anthony's older sister, this murder could have remained undetected and a killer unpunished.
How many other of Erdmann's bungled autopsies failed to detect murders? How many killers are walking around free because Erdmann failed to find and preserve proof of their crimes?
Some killers may yet get away with their crimes despite being convicted. Defense attorneys of clients convicted with the help of Erdmann's testimony can make a compelling case for dismissing guilty pleas or verdicts based on Erdmann's lack of credibility.
So some murderers may be set free while others have never been caught in the first place.
What a loathsome legacy.
We'd love to hear your feedback. © 1998 Amarillo Globe-NewsWebmaster
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Drummer appeared on all albums
Ola Brunkert, a former drummer for the Swedish pop band Abba, was found dead March 16; he apparently had hit his head on a glass door in his home in Mallorca, Spain. He was 62.
One of the few musicians to appear on all Abba albums, Brunkert played with Abba on the group's first single, "People Need Love," and toured with the band in 1977, 1979 and 1980.
He had been a jazz drummer and a member of the blues band Slim's Blues Gang, before joining pop group Science Poption in the mid-1960s.
Abba was one of the world's most successful bands, with album sales of more than 370 million. The group has not performed together since 1982 but continues to sell nearly 3 million records a year.


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Dylan portraits to go up at London gallery
LONDON — Portraits by Bob Dylan are going on display at the National Portrait Gallery in London.
The 72-year-old singer-songwriter has been exhibiting his artworks for the past six years, but these 12 new pastel sketches have not been shown before.
The display is a departure for the gallery, which showcases portraits of prominent Britons. The gallery says Dylan's images are "an amalgamation of features the musician has collected from life, memory and his imagination and fashioned into people, some real and some fictitious."
Art historian John Elderfield, who helped bring the works to London, said the paintings were "products of the same extraordinary, inventive imagination" that wrote Dylan's songs.
"Bob Dylan: Face Value" runs Aug. 24 to Jan. 5.
Gibson Brothers lead Bluegrass Award noms
NASHVILLE, Tenn. — The Gibson Brothers and Balsam Range are the top nominees for next month's International Bluegrass Music Awards.
The Gibson Brothers are up for eight awards, including entertainer of the year, an award the group one last year. Balsam Range, Blue Highway, Dailey & Vincent and The Del McCoury Band round out the nominations for entertainer of the year.
The Gibson Brothers are also nominated for best vocal group, album and song of the year.
Balsam Range is up for seven awards. Three other groups, including Alison Krauss & Union Station, are nominated in six categories for the Sept. 26 awards in Raleigh, N.C.
The Steep Canyon Rangers will host the show. Tony Rice and Paul Warren will be inducted into the Bluegrass Hall of Fame.
Seigenthaler to host Al-Jazeera newscast
NEW YORK — Former NBC News anchor John Seigenthaler will host Al-Jazeera America's central nightly newscast when the network goes on the air next Tuesday.
Al-Jazeera has announced the hiring of several U.S. television veterans for its new network. Until this week it had said little about what its schedule would look like.
Seigenthaler's hourlong show will air at 8 p.m. It will be followed by a magazine-style show anchored by Joie Chen called "America Tonight."
Other weeknight programs include a business-oriented show with Ali Velshi and a talk show with Antonio Mora.
Associated Press


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Interest Level
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Lexile® Measure: 980L
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Guided Reading: NR
- Adventure
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About This Book
e Long Patrol — that fighting unit of perilous hares — is called out to draw off the murderous Rapscallion army, and fight them to the death if need be. And the lead sword of the Long Patrol will be taken up by the young, inexperienced hare, Tammo — in one of the most ferocious battles Redwall has ever faced.
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Valedictorian's Address - Class of 2008
Assumption College
Jeffrey Roy
May 17, 2008
I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate all of my fellow undergraduate peers, graduate students, Continuing Education students, and everyone here today who will be receiving recognition for their outstanding achievements here at Assumption College. Getting here today means that you have overcome many challenges and hurdles—ones that I am sure have helped you grow and mature, into well-rounded adults ready to take on the world.
I sincerely hope all of you are as excited as I am about officially becoming alumni of the Class of 2008. As I was preparing this speech, it became apparent to me that being part of this class is unique, in that we all have a group of shared experiences that other classes may never have. This one is my personal favorite.
In being part of the Class of 2008, we may be the only ones to say that that we witnessed the Red Sox break the curse and win not one, but two World Series Championships while in college. If you can't remember, go to YouTube to find the video of our class, almost 4 years ago, stampeding the President's house, where President Plough yells "Who's Your Daddy Now?" We also witnessed the New England Patriots win 2 Superbowls in our time here.
While at Assumption, we also had the opportunity to see many changes to the campus, such as the chapel, Kennedy, and the new state-of-the-art football field (the one without the track). We have seen a campus-wide surge to promote multiculturalism and diversity here on campus, which is quickly becoming a driving force in many companies and corporations nationwide. In fact, we are currently witnessing something truly inspiring and groundbreaking in our country's presidential campaign, where an African-American and a woman are two serious contenders in the Democratic Party for taking leadership in our nation.
Because of leadership stemming from Assumption College, especially through Karen Mansen and Mark Bilotta, the Worcester Consortium has been greatly strengthened, which has worked to unite the many colleges and universities in the Worcester area. We have experienced the transition of hiring a new college President, who seeks to more deeply instill Catholic values into the liberal arts education here at Assumption College.
I also want to acknowledge those experiences in the last four years that may not have been shared by everyone. As you look to your classmates, there are some of you that have experienced great personal loss or sacrifice. It may be coping with divorce. Maybe one of your classmates had a parent pass away. Maybe one of your classmates has been discriminated against in some way because of differences in race, culture, or sexual orientation, for example. On the other hand, some of your classmates may have had received some graces while here at Assumption. These experiences have been positive and unique to our time here at Assumption.
But let us take a moment to remember other events as well. As members of the Class of 2008, we have witnessed devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina. We have witnessed death with the shootings at Virginia Tech. We have witnessed loss with the death of Pope John Paul II. As we sit here today, we are witnessing turmoil with the war in Iraq. Everyday we seem to hear on the News about the increasing number of deceased U.S. soldiers and the pains suffered by their families and friends. We are also witnessing struggle with the sub-prime loan crisis, where rising oil prices and an eroded housing market continue to threaten our economy with recession. All of these events and experiences are shared by everyone here today.
All of these experiences, both common and personal, have created our class chemistry. Our class is intelligent, passionate, supportive, and most of all, outgoing. We have stampeded the campus roads with Red Sox pride. We have banned pig roasts. We have definitely financed Lietrim's Pub this year, and we even witnessed a chicken fight a gorilla in 6-men.
We have surely had many great experiences here together that have created lasting memories, but now it is necessary for us to move beyond the walls of Assumption and to think about the future. You may not feel ready. Maybe you are afraid of change. Some of you are asking "What am I going to do with the rest of my life?" Will I keep in contact with my friends? How am I going to pay back all this student debt?" Believe me, I have asked myself all these questions countless times. In living a graceful life after you leave Assumption, I urge you all to consider this advice that was given to me:
Learn from the past. Live in the present. Let go of the future. Keep God in your heart.
As you embark on your life beyond Assumption remember to first learn from the past. I encourage you all to take risks. Try new things. Most importantly, make mistakes. A passage from the Gospel of John reads:
"He who follows Me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life".
Often taking risks and making mistakes will leave you in a state of darkness. Your vision will be blurred and limited. In that darkness you will not be able to see the answers in front of you. My advice is that you trust that God will provide you the light—the flashlight if you will—needed to give you the confidence to take those risks.
While here at Assumption, we have all been given the opportunity to take risks. We took a risk coming to Assumption College. We took risks in the classroom. Maybe you challenged a professor or classmate at some point. We took risks in the living areas. Maybe you dealt with a roommate conflict. Maybe you took a risk by joining a student leader group on campus. Maybe you went up to someone you never met before and introduced yourself. All of these types of encounters have been risks that you have taken.
Maybe that person you introduced yourself to became your best friend. Maybe not. Maybe taking that student leader position bolstered your confidence. Maybe it didn't. Maybe you resolved that roommate conflict. Maybe not. What is important is that we all learned something from taking those risks. I want you all to think of a risk you took here at Assumption and then ask yourself "What did I learn from it?" I ask that you take that knowledge and apply it to encounters you may experience in the future. And always remember that God wanted you to take that risk or make that mistake for a reason.
Next, I encourage you all to live in the present. Trust that what you learned in the past will serve you when it is needed. Do not dwell on past mistakes. And just as important, do not boast on past success. Take every opportunity you can to live gracefully in each and every moment. You never know how many moments you will have left.
Next, let go of the future. Remember that the present is the only time you can have an impact and make choices. The past is done with; it consists of pages already written that cannot be erased. The future is unpredictable and non-existent; it consists of blank pages that have no words or markings. But as you live each day in the moment, you continuously write one page at a time. You can add any characters you want. You can change the scene. You can add any twists and turns you may desire. As one of the philosophy majors will tell you, you are graced with free will and choice. The million-dollar question is "What do you want the next word to be?" or, in another way, you are asking yourself "How do I want to live my life?"
You see, God has already provided us with a solution:
"He who follows Me will not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life".
"He who follows Me" is all there is to it. God calls each of us to live our lives as Disciples of Christ. In doing this, we must become servants to those in need and put others before ourselves, as well as take lesson from those who have lived gracefully. To paraphrase Matthew 5, we must live our lives and approach relationships in such a way that we serve the poor in Spirit, such as those who mourn, the meek, and those who hunger for righteousness. We should bless those around us who show mercy and those who make peace. More simply, we should serve those with weak hearts and learn from those with pure ones.
As Disciples we are called to follow Jesus and serve. I was always told when I was young "A leader never follows and always speaks loudly". But in my view, the greatest attribute of a leader is to become a great follower of strong conviction, and is to always take time to step back and listen. When we live our lives in such a way, we are fulfilling the highest potential we have as human beings, or Disciples of Christ.
I would like to conclude by wishing the best of luck to all of you. Although we may be heading off in different directions, I ask that you all remember the common experiences that define the Class of 2008. Remember to keep God's light in your heart, especially when darkness seems to surround you. Use that flashlight to find your direction, and always keep a spare set of batteries close by. I ask that you remember this community that has served in providing you with the values that a Catholic liberal arts education instills. This community has prepared you to be a well-rounded, educated individual who is different than other graduates.
Many others will have acquired a liberal arts education, but Assumption has instilled an education is us that embodies the human person and faith at its core. And that is something that has infinite value and knows no limits. Because of that, I encourage you all to remember and serve the Assumption Community in the future, even if only though a small donation.
I also want us all to thank the people that have been so supportive of us in being here today. This would include faculty, administration, and staff here at Assumption, as well as friends and relatives. But most importantly, I would like to thank all of the parents, with whom this day would not be possible for many of us if not for their love and support. I wish you all luck in your future endeavors.
Keep your flashlight close and remember Jesus' words, "You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden. Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house. In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven."
God Bless.


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For Bill Taafe of Duncansville, the Bike MS: Keystone Country Ride is more than a fundraiser. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1984.
"Riding is one way I try to keep myself in shape, try to keep healthy," Taafe, 67, said. "Because I have diabetes, it helps in that respect, too."
Taafe owns Spokes-N-Skis, a bike shop in Al-toona. He closes the store for the event - all of the employees in the shop participate, and the business supplies a support truck to help with bike repairs along the route.
The ride leaves Hollidays-burg Area Junior High School at 7 a.m. Saturday. Cyclists will bike 75 miles to The Penn Stater Con-ference Center Hotel in State College, where they will have dinner and have the opportunity to hear "MS and You: Understanding and Treating Relapsing MS," a presentation from Dr. Gary Thomas of the Penn State Hershey Medi-cal Center.
"It's a really nice ride," Taafe said. "The MS Society has stops every 15 miles with drinks, water and energy bars. They keep you going."
As of Tuesday, 470 cy-clists has registered; participants may register now through Saturday, said Sharon O'Keiff, manager of the MS Society's Keystone Branch. It costs $30 to register for the bike ride, and cyclists have until Aug. 28 to raise a minimum of $250 for the MS Society.
Fact Box
If you go
What: Bike MS: Keystone Country Ride
When: 7 a.m. Saturday and Sunday; registration begins at 6 a.m. Saturday
Where: The ride leaves Hollidaysburg Area Junior High School at 7 a.m. Saturday and ends at the Penn Stater Conference Center in State College. Riders leave the hotel at 7 a.m. Sunday to return to Hollidaysburg.
Cost: $30 to register; $250 must be raised by Aug. 28
More information: Call the MS Society at 696-1017.
Last year, the ride raised $360,000, which benefits MS patients in Blair, Bedford, Cambria, Clearfield, Indiana and Jefferson counties. There are more than 7,050 patients registered in the MS Society's Allegheny chapter; about 300 of those patients are in Blair County.
"With the economic times we're in, we've been helping a lot with electric bills, gas bills, a lot of crisis care," O'Keiff said.
Registrations are accepted until the ride begins Saturday. For more information, call the MS Society at 696-1017.
Mirror Staff Writer Ashley Gurbal is at 946-7435.


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SALEM - Harold Bettis, 88, of 2170 Monroe St., Salem, died at 11:45 p.m. on Thursday, Dec. 3, 2009 at his home.
He was born Jan. 21, 1921, in Salineville, Ohio, the son of the late George and Birdie (Ludlam) Bettis.
Before his retirement, Harold had worked at the Deming Crane Company as a chipper/grinder for 17 years. He was the former owner of the Lincoln Dairy and Delicatessen in Minerva and had worked at the former B&W in Alliance as a crane operator for 16 years.
He was a member of the Believer's Christian Fellowship in Salem and the Fraternal Order of Eagles 2199 in Minerva. He was an avid card player and loved spending time with his family.
Mr. Bettis proudly served in the U.S. Army during WWII.
His wife, June (Marteney) Bettis, whom he married April 22, 1966, survives him; along with two sons, Barry Bettis and Scott (Sherry) Bettis all of Salem; three daughters, Linda Davis of Lakeland, Florida, Mary Kay (Chuck) Davis of Coshocton, Ohio and Traci (Ray III) Zepernick of Brook Park, Ohio; a sister, Mary Gardner of Salem; 20 grandchildren; and 23 great-grandchildren.
Preceding him in death was a son, Harold Keith Bettis; grandson, Corey Zepernick, a sister, Ethel Irvine; and two brothers, George and Walter Bettis.
Services will be held at 11 a.m. on Monday at the Stark Memorial Funeral Home with the Rev. Robert Rowley officiating.
Calling hours will be held from 1 to 4 p.m. on Sunday at the funeral home.
Burial will be at the East
Lawn Cemetery in Minerva with full military honors provided by the Salem V.F.W. Post 892 and the Salem AMVETS Post 45 Burial Group.
(Paid obituary)


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Partner Resources
American Red Cross:
Family Disaster Plan
Federal Alliance for Safe Homes (FLASH):
Flood Safety Information
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
|Safety Information
|Safety Kit Assembly
|Property Protection & Flood Insurance
|Assess Your Flood Risk
United States Army Corps of Engineers:
Flood Information
United States Geological Survey:
|Water Watch
|Water Alert - National Water Information System
The National Weather Service works with many key partners to complete the mission of protecting life and property. Some additional key partners are the National Hydrologic Warning Council, Association of State Floodplain Managers, the National Safety Council, media outlets, and many other government and private sector organizations. For more information about any of our partners, or to learn about partners local to your area, contact your local NWS office.
As we wrap up the 2014 Flood Safety Awareness Week, remember, flooding can occur in any of the fifty states or U.S. territories at any time of the year. Prepare yourself, your family, and your home. Be aware of potential flooding in your area, Turn Around Don't Drown, and help make the U.S., a more Weather Ready Nation! http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/
For more information please contact your local NWS office or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Your copy of the HITS of SUNSHINE documentary
Hello, supporters!!
Thank you again for helping make Hits of Sunshine happen. We are so excited to share Jodi Darby's HITS OF SUNSHINE documentary with you!! Follow the link below... Read more
You are invited to Joshua Tree CA for our performance 11.3.12
We are keeping so busy in the desert working on some super exciting stuff.
Heather has finished several costumes that looked dazzling against the backdrop of boulders and cacti... Read more
WE DID IT >>>> thank you
Just writing a lil note to say THANK YOU SO INCREDIBLY MUCH for supporting our Hits of Sunshine project. We successfully met our goal!!
We've been excitedly getting ready to... Read more
TWO days left! & fantastic new prizes.
Hello awesome backers,
THANK YOU so much for supporting our project. Writing to give a brief update. We've entered the final stretch of our campaign - we have two days... Read more


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Diabetes Health Center
Type 2 Diabetes in Kids a Challenge to Control
April 29, 2012 -- The obesity epidemic has created a generation of children and teens who have type 2 diabetes, and a new study hints that the solution to this problem is not going to come easily.
Because type 2 diabetes among children is a relatively recent development, many treatment decisions have relied on what is known about adults with type 2 diabetes. Now, in the first major trial to compare treatments for the disease in young people, researchers have learned that two drugs are better than one for maintaining blood sugar control in these children.
Combined treatment with the diabetes drugs metformin and Avandia proved more effective than metformin alone or metformin plus lifestyle changes for keeping blood sugar at normal levels. Still, the combination failed to help more than a third of patients who took it.
The findings suggest that aggressive and early drug therapy may help children and teens with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, and nerve damage.
They also confirm that for many children with the disease, standard treatment with metformin alone is not enough, says Barbara Linder, MD, PhD, of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
Metformin is the only oral diabetes drug that has been approved by the FDA for use in children.
"These kids did not do as well on metformin as anticipated based on our experience in adults," she tells WebMD. "The assumption has been that kids will do fine on metformin, but clearly that is not the case."
Avandia Use Restricted During Trial
Closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes was almost unheard of in children just a few decades ago.
The obesity epidemic has changed this, however, and doctors have made troubling discoveries about early-onset type 2 diabetes, says pediatric endocrinologist and researcher Philip Zeitler, MD, PhD, of the Children's Hospital Colorado.
"We are learning that type 2 diabetes is a more aggressive disease in youth than in adults and progresses more rapidly, which could be why metformin alone has a higher than expected failure rate," Zeitler says.
Today on WebMD
WebMD Special Sections
- Managing Diabetes, Insulin, and High Blood Sugar
- Your Child and Type 1 Diabetes
- Next-Level Fitness When You Have Diabetes
- I Have Diabetes: Now What?
- Live Better Daily With Diabetes
- 8 Snacks That Won't Spike Your Blood Sugar
- Living with Diabetes Assessment
- Diabetes: Keys to Better Daily Control
- I Have Diabetes: Is Insulin Right For Me?
- What Kinds of New Insulin Are Out There?
- Diabetes as You Age: Stay Active, Live Better
- Diabetes: Ready to Lower Your Blood Sugar?


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Welcome to Cerist Triathlon
Cerist Triathlon Club is one of the oldest established clubs in the UK. Our team of coaches provide a wide range of activities for adults and juniors, both through club-led sessions and working in close partnership with Bro Ddyfi Leisure Centre. Cerist has vast experience in organising events, and we stage several races and training days throughout the year - our aim is always to encourage participation regardless of experience, age, gender or ability. We have also organised training events for Para-Triathletes, and we currently hold the Disability Sport Wales Ribbon Award. All of our activities are open to non-members, but Cerist members enjoy discounted rates for club sessions and races. If you're interested in working on your technique or entering your first triathlon, training for a half marathon or just want to get fit, come and try out our friendly sessions!
Find a session in our training schedule
Want to join Cerist? See our membership page
For up-to-the-minute Cerist news join our Facebook group
Upcoming races:
Unfortunately, we have had to cancel our standard distance race, Triathlon Glan Y Mor Aberdyfi, due to a lack of entries. We will have a rethink, and hope to relaunch the race in 2017. If you had entered, a full refund will be issued shortly. Many apologies, Cerist Committee.
Recent events:
Cerist Junior Aquathlon 17/04/16 - results and race report here
Dyfi Dash Sprint Tri 06/03/16 - results and race report here


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New hopes of Helmsley benefitting from funding for the historic Magna Carta celebrations next year have been raised, members of Helmsley Town Council have been told.
Cllr Martin Vander Weyer who represents the town on a national committee set up to mark the signing of the famous charter in 1215, said it was hoped Helmsley could obtain some funding from a £200,000 source which had been identified after an earlier National Lottery fund for the celebrations failed to materialise.
"The money has come within sight of the organisers," he added.
As well as Helmsley, the towns of Topcliffe, Thirsk and Skipton are each marking the milestone because of their ancient links through their local Barons, who supported King John.
The charter was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights.
A meeting of interested people and organisations in Helmsley is being held on May 15.


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Jan 5, 2014
Posted in Uncategorized
Floyd Abrams Has A Really Modest Byline In WSJ
Mr. Abrams is the author of "Friend of the Court: In the Front Lines with the First Amendment" (Yale, 2013) and a senior partner in the firm of Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP.
Certainly both are great accomplishments, but I think he may have a few other credentials that qualify him to opine on free speech.
Pingback: The Death of Modesty | Simple Justice()


text: New Java 0-day added to Blackhole Exploit Kit Posted: 29 Aug 2012 12:44 AM | Patrik Runald | 2 comment(s) Earlier today we blogged about a new Java zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2012-4681) being used in a small number of attacks. That's about to change as exploit code for the Java vulnerability has been added to the most prevalent exploit kit out there; Blackhole. Here's a snippet of the updated Blackhole code: The Pre.jar file (VirusTotal link) will use the new vulnerability to install the malware (VirusTotal link) itself. In this particular attack it was a banking trojan as can be seen from our ThreatScope report. Websense customers using our Advanced Classification Engine (ACE) were proactively protected against the updated Blackhole kit by our real-time analytics. Technically the new vulnerability is actually two separate vulnerabilities. A technical analysis of these two vulnerabilities is available at the blog Immunity Products in this post. Comments JTK said on Tuesday, September 4, 2012 5:22 AM Is there a way to block all Java sites and then just white-list with the Websense Web Security software? Patrik Runald said on Wednesday, September 26, 2012 2:30 PM Unfortunately no, there's no easy way to do this. Leave a Comment Name: (required) Email address: (required) Comments Remember me


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Employees bringing their own devices to work is not new. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is becoming the rule rather than the exception in today's workplace. In fact, a growing number of employees are already using their personal communications devices for business purposes, whether or not there is a corporate policy in place. This is most evident in the U.S. (68%) and Canada (65%), compared with the UK, where only 47% operate in this way. (Source: Citrix, Workplace Mobility and the Small Business). 2012-13 really was the year mobility entered the enterprise mainstream. 2013-14 should be the year of consolidation and establishing guidelines around BYOD use.
Compliance and Policy
Creating Social Media Policies that Protect… not Police
The content for this article was sourced from NAVEX Global, a global compliance firm, who wrote an excellent article on Using Social Media to Promote Ethical Best Practices and their Social Media Toolkit to managing social media risk management.
The world of social media is rapidly evolving. Having a well-founded social media policy is essential to preventing, detecting and responding to risks associated with employee social media use. It is important that your social media policy aligns with your corporate values, complies with existing laws, receives frequent review, and is effectively communicated to your employees through training.
Why Social Privacy Needs to be a Social Priority [Infographic]
Online Privacy and Why Pinterest Should "Binterested"
For once in my life I'm skeptical. And for you die-hard Pinterest fans, I hope you'll bear with me as I explain my current disinterest in Pinterest.
I can't get my sister-in-law to interact with me on Facebook. But she freaking LOVES Pinterest. And has been trying to get me to use it for a couple of months. And given the recent chatter on Social Media Today, I finally broke down this past Saturday and joined using my Facebook account to establish my Pinterest profile.
Top Ten Implications of 2011 NLRB Activity on Social Media Use and Employee Rights
Source: Association of Corporate Counsel, Mary E. Windham, Labor & Employment attorney, Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice
Singled Out? The Risks of Using Social Feedback in Performance Management
As we have adopted social media into our organizations, we've seen many instances where it has become necessary to discipline employees because of their behavior on social networking sites due to the negative light that behavior has shed on a company. It goes without saying that because of these behaviors, companies have scrambled to draft social media policies to minimize these occurrences and to manage employee performance overall. In many circumstances, actions and policies are put into place to protect the employee as much as the company.


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From book concept and planning to creating content, layout, editing, and proofreading. Wherever your writing project is, we can help.
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The first edition of this book was issued only a few months ago and is quickly followed by this second edition. The author has written a book on therapeutics and no attempt is made to cover the field of materia medica or pharmacology. The book aims to give practical directions for the treatment of the sick. If we express a criticism it is that the various remedies are not always valued or their worth expressed, but are simply enumerated and good methods of administration described. For each disease discussed the various medicines and medical procedures which are still recommended and used by clinicians are described. Non-medicinal therapeutics is not neglected; on the contrary, it is discussed fully. The best chapters are those devoted to diseases of metabolism and of the kidneys. Only the commonest infections are considered, and diseases of the nervous system are not included.
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It might take time for the Blue Jays lineup to get cranked
up so we expect a low-scoring game between the Indians and Blue Jays on
Tuesday night.
The Blue Jays host the Indians on Tuesday night with
knuckleballer R.A. Dickey making his debut for Toronto. Dickey only
made two actual Spring Training starts although he threw 102 pitches in
eight innings on Friday against Philadelphia's minor leaguers. Dickey
is going against the Indians for the first time since 2010. He has had
success against Mark Reynolds (0-6), Drew Stubbs (1-9), and Nick Swisher
(2-12). Those are three of the new acquisitions Cleveland made in the
offseason. None of them exactly inspire too much confidence for an
offense that struggled at times last season.
Opposing Dickey is
Justin Masterson who is a talented pitcher that struggled to harness it
last season with the Tribe. He struck out 14 in his last two starts of
the Spring where he gave up 3 runs in 10 innings of work. Masterson
actually had two good outings against Toronto last year giving up 1 run
and seven hits in 15 innings striking out 15 while walking only two. JP
Arencibia (1-5), Rajai Davis (1-7), Edwin Encarnacion (2-10), Maicer
Izturis (2-12), Brett Lawrie (0-6) and Colby Rasmus (0-6) all have poor
numbers against the Cleveland ace. It might take time for the Blue Jays
lineup to get cranked up so we expect a low-scoring game between the
Indians and Blue Jays on Tuesday night.If you don't currently have an Expert account, simply sign up and receive 2 FREE Guaranteed Winners.
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Buzznet has a pretty long interview with Jackson Rathbone where he talks about his favorite scenes and memories from the saga as well as the Pranks that they played on set. He also talks about his music and answers fan questions.
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UPDATE: (8:55) Marco Scutaro has been named MVP of the NLCS after batting .500 (14-for-28)
From Comcast SportsNetSAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Ryan Vogelsong and these San Francisco Giants sure have become adept at saving their season.Now, they need to do it once more against the comeback champs
From Comcast SportsNetSAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Chris Carpenter walked off the mound, and the fans cheered him once again.Giants fans, that is.The orange towel-twirling crowd at AT&T Park saw S
Ryan Vogelsong is a superstitious guy. He revealed to CSN Bay Area that he absolutely musteat chicken enchiladas for dinner the night before he pitches, home or away.
From Comcast SportsNetSAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Ahead by a lot or behind by a bunch, these St.