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An Overview of Concurrent Planning
What is concurrent planning?
The National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections defines concurrent planning as:
A process of working towards one legal permanency goal (typically reunification) while at the same time establishing and implementing an alternative permanency goal and plan that are worked on concurrently to move children/youth more quickly to a safe and stable permanent family (Permanency Roundtable Project, 2010). This is a process which involves concurrent rather than sequential permanency planning efforts. It involves a mix of meaningful family engagement, targeted case practice, and legal strategies aimed at achieving timely permanency, while at the same time establishing and actively working a concurrent permanency plan in case the primary goal cannot be accomplished in a timely manner. It is not a fast track to adoption, but to permanency.
A process of working towards one legal permanency goal (typically reunification) while at the same time establishing and implementing an alternative permanency goal and plan that are worked on concurrently to move children/youth more quickly to a safe and stable permanent family (Permanency Roundtable Project, 2010). This is a process which involves concurrent rather than sequential permanency planning efforts. It involves a mix of meaningful family engagement, targeted case practice, and legal strategies aimed at achieving timely permanency, while at the same time establishing and actively working a concurrent permanency plan in case the primary goal cannot be accomplished in a timely manner. It is not a fast track to adoption, but to permanency.
Concurrent planning is the process by which a permanency team most frequently plans with children, youth and families to reunite while simultaneously considering and preparing to implement one of the other permanency plans as enumerated in current federal legislation, such as adoption or placement with a legal guardian. Concurrent planning involves the following nine core components:
A brief history of concurrent planning
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Irmgard Heymann and her colleagues, working in Chicago, first formulated the concept of concurrent planning although they did not label it as such. Their work led them to conclude that earlier permanency could be achieved when a caseworker frankly discussed permanency with parents when their child first entered foster care and assessed parents' visiting patterns. Throughout the 1970s in other communities across the US, child welfare caseworkers began making legal-risk or pre-adoptive placements when reunification seemed unlikely. Following the enactment of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, many states developed permanency planning approaches, although most of these approaches involved sequential planning. The most common practice was that caseworkers first pursued reunification for the child and parents and, if reunification efforts failed, they explored adoption or other permanency options.
In the early 1980s, the Washington State Department of Social Services, in collaboration with Linda Katz at Lutheran Social Services, coined the term "concurrent planning." Their approach recognized that in cases where the prognosis for reunification was poor for young children, it was important to place children, as early as possible, with foster families who could become their permanent families if reunification was not successful. Over the following decades, other communities implemented concurrent planning practices.
Over the years, states and counties have implemented concurrent planning in different ways and have achieved different outcomes. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 impacted the practice of permanency planning and provided an environment in which concurrent planning begin to be viewed differently. This Act provided parameters for pursuing termination of parental rights immediately, in certain circumstances, and defined clear time frames for pursuing termination of parental rights, unless the there were exceptions or compelling reasons. Additionally, the Act specifically authorized the use of concurrent planning as a means of achieving permanency more expeditiously.
As States worked to implement the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 and the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, the importance of reaching out to relatives early in the case process became increasingly apparent. Relatives begin to be seen as in important partner in achieving permanency for children, especially older youth. Specific projects, focused on supporting permanency for youth, demonstrated the effectiveness of exploring familial ties and other adults who were important in youth lives to establish and finalize permanent legal family placements for youth. As knowledge and acceptance of placing older children and youth in adoption and in other permanent family setting grew, interest in working concurrent plans beyond just reunification and adoption also grew. Increasingly, the second round of Child and Family Services reviews saw instances of adoption or guardianships being actively pursued at the same time that services were being put in place for Alternative Planned Living Arrangement goals.
What is the philosophy behind concurrent planning?
Concurrent planning is based on the philosophy that adults, rather than children/youth, should assume the emotional risk of foster care. Concurrent planning assumes that adults are better able to manage the ambiguity of relationships and the uncertainty of an unknown future than are children/youth – so, the emotional burden is shifted (Northern California Training Academy, 2009).
What are the goals of concurrent planning?
The National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections states that concurrent planning has four goals:
Is concurrent planning the same as permanency planning?
Concurrent Planning is a specific modality of permanency planning. It is the ongoing process of actively working two permanency plans in cases identified as appropriate for concurrent planning. Concurrent planning is most effective when systems are in place to support the case worker in the concurrent planning process. While, all children, youth and families benefit from the tools and techniques involved in concurrent planning such as full disclosure, visitation, family finding and family team meetings, concurrent planning must be applied in a thoughtful manner starting with a differential assessment and prognostic case review.
How is "success" defined in concurrent planning?
Success is defined as safely achieving permanency for children/youth in a timely way so that children do not remain in foster care any longer than is absolutely necessary.
What are the benefits of concurrent planning for children, youth, and families?
For children and youth, the benefits are:
For families, the benefits are:
What are other reasons that child welfare agencies should implement concurrent planning?
There are at least two additional reasons why it is important to focus on developing and implementing concurrent planning practice:
What does federal law say about concurrent planning?
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 encourages states to use concurrent planning when working with families toward reunification but does not mandate its use. The law states that reasonable efforts to place a child for adoption or with a legal guardian may be made concurrently with reasonable efforts to reunify. The law further requires that for children who have been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, the state must file a petition to terminate parental rights unless certain exceptions apply. The state must concurrently identify, recruit, process and approve a qualified family to adopt the child when it files or joins a petition to terminate parental rights when the child has been in care 15 of the last 22 months or a court of competent jurisdiction has made determinations consistent with Section 475(5) of the
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 675(5)(E)).
The most recent federal legislation, The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, does not expressly address concurrent planning. It does, however, provide new resources for relatives who wish to become children's legal guardians, creating a meaningful permanency option in the context of concurrent planning practice. Additionally, this Act requires that adult relatives of children entering or at risk of entering foster care be contacted simultaneously with other permanency planning efforts.
How are states addressing concurrent planning in their statutes?
Most have laws regarding concurrent planning, although they vary in terms of how and when concurrent is implemented. Click below to learn what state laws say regarding concurrent planning.
Concurrent Planning for Permanency for Children: Summary of State Laws
Is concurrent planning part of Child and Family Service Reviews?
As part of the assessment of the performance of state child welfare systems, the federal Child and Service Reviews address the extent to which states are using concurrent planning. In its recent report, Results of the 2007 and 2008 Child and Family Service Reviews, the US Children's Bureau noted that one of the principal concerns regarding Permanency Outcome 1 ("Children have permanency and stability in their living situations") was states' "lack of effective concurrent planning (especially when goals of reunification and adoption are identified)." The report also noted for those jurisdictions that were found to successfully achieve timely permanence, "effective and meaningful concurrent planning" played a key role.
How does concurrent planning apply to American Indian/Alaskan Native children in foster care?
When applying concurrent planning protocols to American Indian/ Alaska Native children, no plan should be implemented without initial and ongoing consultation with the child's tribe to adhere to the Federal Indian Child Welfare Act.
At each phase of the case involving Native children, ICWA must be applied. The Concurrent Planning Activity Checklist (Wentz and Hay CP Checklist 2008) , provides an example of steps and activities for concurrent planning. ICWA compliance may be overlaid at each phase.
When working with families prior to placement an additional, more intense step required by ICWA is that active efforts have been made to prevent placement whenever possible. When working with Native children and families, no foster care placement may be ordered in such proceeding in the absence of a determination, supported by clear and convincing evidence, including testimony of qualified expert witnesses, that the continued custody of the child by the parent or Indian custodian is likely to result in serious emotional or physical damage to the
During the initial assessment and placement, the child must be identified as Native American and formal notice must be sent to the child's tribe. The child must be placed according to ICWA placement preferences (relative, Indian foster parent, foster family of another tribe, institution approved by child's tribe).
Unfortunately, there is a shortage of Native American foster homes in most areas and as a result, Native children are often placed in non-Indian foster homes. (Without actively involving the child's tribe early in the case to assist and/or approve the child's placement, permanent placement with a non-Native concurrent family may later be appealed.)
This is a critical time to begin an active search for all possible relatives on both the maternal and paternal side of the family (ICWA does not specify placement preference with Native relatives). Active efforts must be also be made to provide reunification services to the child's family. Other efforts to keep the child connected with family and cultural resources should also be made. Continued contact with the child's tribe is critical to determine if the Tribe will intervene in the case and/or transfer jurisdiction to the tribal court. If the Tribe chooses not to intervene, the case is still managed as an ICWA case.
When identifying the alternative permanency plan, engage the Native family and tribe in decision-making that will continue to maintain compliance with ICWA. Family group decision making is a culturally appropriate tool in the permanency planning process. The Native American child's tribe should be included in this process. An alternative permanent placement may be identified for the Native child in the family group decision making process if reunification is not an option. Additionally, active efforts should be performed for Native children to ensure efforts are made toward returning the child home while simultaneously planning for an alternative permanency option. This may include on-going assessments and continued search for placement resources (non-custodial parents, relatives, tribal resources or friends) who are able to commit to supporting child's permanency. Whenever possible, identify and assist family in accessing Native-specific, culturally appropriate, accessible treatment and change-oriented services to birth parents and child.
When planning for an Alternative Permanent Plan continue to conduct active efforts to restore family capacity until the court approves the alternative permanent plan.
If termination of parental rights must be secured to support the permanency plan, assure that the termination has occurred in compliance with ICWA. No termination of parental rights may be ordered in such proceeding in the absence of a determination, supported by evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, including testimony of qualified expert witnesses, that the continued custody of the child by the parent or Indian custodian is likely to result in serious emotional or physical damage to the child.
Adoptive placements must follow the placement preference of ICWA, with relative placements having first priority. If a Native child is placed permanently with a non-Native family with the tribe's approval, assure that the home study process includes information regarding how the adoptive family will provide cultural connections for the Native child.
After the final permanency decision is made, the following activities are performed to ensure the permanent plan is supported after the child is reunified or adoption/guardianship is finalized. For Native children, work with tribe to identify what role the tribe may play in providing post-permanency support to the child and family. When closing the Agency relationship with the child and family, for Native children, assure that available information is provided for child's enrollment with Tribe.
In conclusion, always keep in mind when working with Native children that any Indian child who is the subject of any action for foster care placement or termination of parental rights under State law, any parent or Indian custodian from whose custody the child was removed, and the Indian child's tribe may petition any court of competent jurisdiction to invalidate such action upon a showing that such action violated certain provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act.
Concurrent planning can work for Native children as long as the provisions of ICWA are included.
What does the research say about concurrent planning?
Based on an extensive review of the current literature, research tells us the following about concurrent planning:
(Georgia Division of Family and Children Services and The National Resource Center for Family Centered Practice and Permanency Planning, 2008)
(Georgia Division of Family and Children Services and The National Resource Center for Family Centered Practice and Permanency Planning, 2008)
What are some pitfalls associated with concurrent planning that need to be anticipated and addressed?
Linda Katz identifies six pitfalls associated with concurrent planning:
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2012). Concurrent Planning: What the Evidence Shows.
National Resource Center for Foster Care and Permanency Planning. (2001). Concurrent Planning: Survey of Selected States.
National Child Welfare Resource on Organizational Improvement. (2001). Implementing Concurrent Planning: A Handbook for Child Welfare Administrators.
Northern California Training Academy, Center for Human Services, UC Davis Extension. (2009). Concurrent Planning- Existing Challenges and New Possibilities.
Wentz, R. & Hay, L.A. (2010). Concurrent Planning Activity Checklist.
Wentz, R. (2010). Concurrent Planning Competencies.


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Law and Languageby John Witte Jr. Harold J. Berman
Completed in 1964, Harold J. Berman's long-lost tract shows how properly negotiated, translated and formalised legal language is essential to fostering peace and understanding within local and international communities. Exemplifying interdisciplinary and comparative legal scholarship long before they were fashionable, it is a fascinating prequel to Berman's monumental Law and Revolution series. It also anticipates many of the main themes of the modern movements of law, language and ethics. In his Introduction, John Witte, Jr, a student and colleague of Berman, contextualises the text within the development of Berman's legal thought and in the evolution of interdisciplinary legal studies. He has also pieced together some of the missing sections from Berman's other early writings and provided notes and critical apparatus throughout. An Afterword by Tibor Várady, another student and colleague of Berman, illustrates via modern cases the wisdom and utility of Berman's theories of law, language and community.
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Whenever the Cowboys at Kanab High School in Utah score, their gym will light up, thanks to 13-year-old Jayci Glover.
Diagnosed with a rare form of terminal lymphoma, Glover was given a wish from the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and she decided she wanted to use it to give her high school a new scoreboard.
So, on Feb. 12, a check for $7,500 was presented to Principal Brenan Jackson in Glover's name – the basketball team wore "Fight Like Jayci" T-shirts in Glover's honor, reported Yahoo News.
"Jayci's spirit – if you can't draw strength from that, you can't draw strength from anything," Bucky Orton, a Kanab resident, told KSL news.
Glover, who returned home to her small hometown of Kanab after treatment in Salt Lake City, was greeted with crowds who held signs of encouragement and welcome.
"[We came] around the turn into Kanab. We saw the whole town there," Coby Glover, Jayci's dad told KSL.
Glover's cancer battle and generosity has reached way beyond her hometown. Singer Jordin Sparks serenaded Glover via YouTube when she heard about the teenager.
"It is incredible to see how strong you are and how you're fighting," Sparks says in the video.
After battling cancer with chemotherapy and more than 40 rounds of radiation, doctors warned her family that she might not be able to handle the five-hour drive back home, but having her friends around her was important to her family.
"Maybe you don't like what it's going to look like, but if you smile and move forward there's hope and happiness ahead," Jayci's mom, Heather Glover, told KSL. "That's what Jayci taught me."
The Glover family has set up Jayci Glover's cause, a site to raise funds to cover her medical bills.
Glover told KSL her hometown's big welcome-home was "awesome."
"I tried to wave and smile but everyone was crying," she said. "[There were] a lot of people. It was kind of overwhelming, but really awesome."
Jayci Glover, a Teen with Terminal Cancer, Donates Her Make-A-Wish to Her School
Courtesy Jayci Glover


text: New website features Wyoming history By Bob Beck • May 10, 2013 ShareTwitter Facebook Google+ Email Listen Listening... / 4:43 Former Newspaper reporter and author Tom Rea has a new venture, he is the Editor of WyoHistory.org. It is a history website about Wyoming. He tells Bob Beck the idea for the website came as he was doing a job for the Natrona County School district. Related Program: FeaturesTags: websiteWyoming historyView the discussion thread.


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June 5 marked the end of a civil trial that examined the will of an uneducated, heavy-equipment operator from Mifflin and speculated on his motives for selecting his heirs.
In his will, Charles Miller left money – a lot of money – to unexpected beneficiaries, none of them a blood relative. His relatives have protested the will because they believe Charles Miller became confused and delusional after having a stroke prior to selecting his heirs.
That a Last Will and Testament is contested in Juniata County is an unusual event, but not necessarily newsworthy.
What is noteworthy is the amount of Charles Miller's estate – $1.4 million – amassed by a man described as conservative, stubborn and deliberate, who had a hobby of collecting soda cans in Mifflin and Mifflintown to recycle. Also noteworthy are four of the beneficiaries he selected – two local governments, a sewer authority and the county's young athletes.
The two Charles Millers
In the court proceedings, and in transcripts and hearings surrounding his will, two pictures were painted of Charles Miller.
One thing that everyone agrees upon is that prior to 1996, the year he had a stroke, Charles Miller was a hardworking, stubborn man. He was a man who handled his own finances and he was not a big spender. Instead, he carefully invested his money, eschewing worldly goods.
In testimony presented before the court, Charles Miller was described as a man who enjoyed spending time with his friends, visiting his cabin whenever possible – hunting, fishing, taking walks through the area and swapping hunting stories with visitors.
He was born Oct. 10, 1926, to Charles S. and Myrtle G. Miller, the oldest of eight children in a family that struggled to make ends meet.
In the eighth or ninth grade, Charles Miller left school and began working in order to help his parents keep food on the table.
One common theme of the testimony before the court was Charles Miller's life of close ties to his family and a solid work ethic.
On Oct. 27, 1945, Charles Miller joined the United States Army, and for a year served in a signal service battalion before he was honorably discharged in October 1946.
After his military service, he worked in construction, saving his money and investing it carefully. He joined a union and ran his own small business, working in various locations.
In 1976, the story of Charles Miller's Last Will and Testament really begins, through a casual friendship.
That was the year that Charles Miller met his eventual fiance, Mary Ellen Weyandt, through her late husband.
The friends lost contact as the years went by, but, in 1991, they ran into each other once again in Mifflintown.
The two began casually dating and spending time together. They enjoyed nights out at the Moose Lodge in Lewistown and at the Mifflintown VFW, as well as walks together around the twin boroughs.
Weyandt described Charles Miller as "a very, very easy person to get along with," who was always more than willing to help her out around the house. At first their relationship was a friendship – it was not until after years of dating that the two became closer companions.
In 1996, Charles Miller suffered a stroke. Thus, the tale of the two Charles Millers begins. Some say he was a loving, helpful companion – others say he was a confused, damaged man who suffered from delusions that tore his family apart.
In order to understand the two stories of Charles Miller, one must first understand his Last Will and Testament. The document, written eight years after his stroke in 2004, is at the center of what has become a year-long legal battle.
Last Will and Testament
On June 14, 2004, Charles Miller signed a Last Will and Testament, prepared by attorney Harold E. "Junior"" Powell Jr. But Powell was not the first attorney Charles Miller had approached regarding his will.
Earlier that spring, Charles Miller asked attorney Don Zagurskie, of Mifflin, to prepare his will. In testimony before the court, Zagurskie said Charles Miller directed him as to how he wished his money to be used after he passed away. He also asked Zagurskie to be the executor for his estate, which Zagurskie declined.
That led to a rift between Charles Miller and Zagurskie, which eventually led Charles Miller across the river to Powell's door in Mifflintown.
In his will prepared by Powell, Charles Miller set out who, or what, would receive money from his estate. The value of his estate was, at that time, relatively unknown.
He wished to leave $100,000 to Weyandt, with whom he was living. Another $100,000 was to go to one of his brothers, Darwin Miller.
The remainder was to be split four ways: $100,000 to the the Borough of Mifflin; $100,000 to the Borough of Mifflintown; $100,000 to the Twin Boroughs Sanitary Sewer Authority, to "offset the sewer bills of the residents of the Borough of Mifflin and the Borough of Mifflintown."
And finally, Charles Miller bequeathed the remainder of his estate to a non–profit corporation to be formed by Powell. That money, the will stated, should be distributed "for male and female athletes of Juniata County, Pennsylvania, between the ages of 12 thru 18 years of age as Harold E. Powell Jr. sees fit."
That was Charles Miller's first will. However, in 2001, he had previously established a trust fund, which first listed one of his brothers, Wayne Miller, as the sole beneficiary, and later, his church, the Messiah Lutheran Church, as beneficiary.
That trust fund – $50,000 – was given to the church in honor of his parents, who had passed away.
Over the years, the family attorney said Wayne Miller assisted his older brother with his finances and business and helped nurse Charles Miller after his stroke in 1996.
Wayne Miller, however, was not mentioned in the 2004 will because of a falling out between the two. Darwin Miller was the only brother named as a beneficiary.
In October 2006, 10 years after his stroke and less than a year before his death, Charles Miller wrote a codicil to his will. Darwin Miller was out. Charles Miller bequeathed an additional $200,000 to Weyandt, $200,000 to her daughter, Susan K. Becker, and $100,000 to Weyandt's grandson, Charles Becker. The amounts bequeathed to the twin boroughs, the sewer authority and youth sports also remained in the will.
Due to the will and codicil, when Charles Miller died, a legal battle began. At stake – $1.4 million.
A mind divided
Charles Miller was at his cabin when the stroke hit, Weyandt testified.
He knew something was wrong, but not what, so he drove from the cabin to Weyandt's Mifflintown home. She said she had him lie down and get comfortable while they talked about what they should do.
Charles Miller went to see Dr. L.G. Guiser, who referred him to Lewistown Hospital, where his stroke was diagnosed.
As a result of the stroke, Charles Miller had trouble speaking, but continued to live on his own and drive. It was not until six years later, in 2002, that he began staying at Weyandt's home overnight.
That change occurred because Weyandt was recovering from a hysterectomy. At first, Charles Miller came over to take care of her, cook her meals and water the flowers. But gradually he began staying over, although he maintained his home in Mifflin until he died.
Later that year, he bought her a ring from Foss Jewelers in Mifflintown they had picked out together.
"He said he wanted us to be engaged," Weyandt said, although the two never married.
"We just got along so good together as things were," she said when asked in court why they never tied the knot.
At that time, Weyandt said, she had no idea that he was worth more than $1 million.
During the same period, things were not well within the Miller clan.
For some reason – a source of debate – Charles Miller had a falling out with his family – a falling out that is the main source of contention in the lawsuit.
His family contends that after his stroke, Charles Miller began having delusions. He began to believe that his brother, Wayne Miller, had caused him to lose his job as a construction worker and had, in some way, stolen money from him.
The family members and their attorney say Charles Miller retired in 1991, and the conflict did not begin until five years later – a result of Charles Miller's confusion, caused by the stroke.
The family's lawyer, Judith F. Dolgos, contends Charles Miller had developed a "delusion" that his brother Wayne caused him to lose his job.
In court testimony, it was revealed that there was a phone call made to the Miller family house in 1991. At that time, Charles Miller was still working, receiving his jobs through the union, which would call the house and let him know where and when he was working.
The union called, but Charles Miller didn't answer. Charles Miller's story, according to testimony, was that Wayne Miller answered the call, but didn't provide Charles Miller with the information. As a result, he lost the job and never worked again.
Wayne Miller and the family contend that Charles Miller did not lose his job, but instead chose to retire. His job loss, they said, was a hallucination of his damaged mind. But, it was a story Charles Miller believed, according to all accounts, and he would argue about it until the day he died.
The family said the story led to strife between the brothers, who at the time were both residing at the family home on Path Street in Mifflin.
The argument spilled into court in 2004, when Wayne Miller filed a civil complaint against his brother for unpaid costs related to the upkeep of the home. The two jointly owned and lived on the property after the death of their parents. The case went into arbitration. As a result, Charles Miller paid Wayne Miller $20,000 – and assumed complete ownership of the family home.
Michael Jackson, a medical doctor Dolgos brought in as a consultant, reviewed Charles Miller's medical records after his death and, in a letter to the court, offered his opinion that Charles Miller was a man who suffered from "functional and cognitive defects."
Those defects, Jackson said, led to Charles Miller's delusions concerning his brother and the loss of his job.
Dolgos also contends Charles Miller had "on-going, significant brain damage" as a result of the stroke, which left him without "testamentary capacity."
Testamentary capacity is a legal term that requires the testator (one making a will) to be, in more common terms, "of sound mind."
It was during this period — after his stroke in 1996 until his death in 2007 — that Charles Miller established his Last Will and Testament.
Of sound mind
In order to generate a will in Pennsylvania, a person must have testamentary capacity.
According to the law, a person who has testamentary capacity generally understands the nature and extent of his property, his relationships to other people and the effects of his will.
Conceivably, survivors of a massive stroke may be unable to recognize or understand familiar objects the way they did prior to the stroke.
That is what Jackson said he believed happened after Miller's stroke.
"I find that these delusions had a direct effect on Mr. Miller's state of mind and his testamentary capacity," Jackson wrote.
Those delusions "likely caused him to create a will that would have been different if these delusions had not been present, or if the delusions had been successfully treated," Jackson said.
And that is the linchpin of Dolgos' argument.
"But for the delusion, there would have been a different will ... more in keeping with the trust," Dolgos said in court. "It all comes back to the weakened intellect."
If there was one man who could probably lay to rest Charles Miller's mental condition, it would have been his personal doctor.
His doctor would have examined Charles Miller before and after the stroke, and, more than likely, during his battle with the cancer that ultimately stole his life.
Unfortunately, Charles Miller's doctor died in May 2007.
L. G. Guiser was a prominent physician in Juniata County. For years he had cared for many people in the county, many of them "from the cradle to the grave."
His word was trusted, and his testimony would likely have weighed heavily in how the case is ultimately decided.
Instead, the only remaining medical opinions are expressed in documents – snapshots of different periods of Charles Miller's life.
Filed among the court documents regarding the case are notes from Guiser, based on visits to his office. They are short, scribbled notes in doctor's shorthand and fail to illuminate much for the layman.
Also in the file are a series of reports revolving around a car crash Charles Miller was involved in on Aug. 24, 2004.
In those reports, Charles Miller was described as being confused, disoriented.
In one, an EMT said he was "unable to communicate in a coherent way verbally."
"It appears he has a change in mental status secondary to (the motor vehicle accident)," wrote one doctor.
It was after reviewing these medical records, and having never met Charles Miller in person, that Jackson wrote his opinion to the court.
"By 2004, the records depict a man who was dependent on others, and who experienced periods of confusion and disorientation," he wrote.
Another brother, Ellwood Miller, later testified that he did not believe his brother had written or directed the will filed in his name.
"He was never civic minded," Ellwood Miller testified. "He certainly wasn't sports minded outside of hunting and fishing. So to me, I couldn't see my brothers handprints on any of that stuff."
A legacy established
Jackson's letter and conclusions, based on his review of medical records, paints one side of Charles Miller's portrait.
The other side comes out through the testimony of Juniata County lawyers, bankers and the Weyandt family.
Instead of a confused, mentally disoriented person, their testimony depicts a man who was smart, a savvy investor who watched his money closely and who directed how, exactly, he wanted his will be to written.
Most telling is the testimony of Zagurskie, who had turned down Charles Miller's offer to become executor of his estate.
Zagurskie said Charles Miller had visited him in 2004, to discuss a possible will and other matters.
At the time, Charles Miller was heavily invested in municipal tax-free bonds. The market was fluctuating and the future of the bonds was far from certain.
The bank handling his accounts sent letters to Charles Miller, recommending he move his money to different investments. But he didn't. And instead of losing money, he made money.
In his testimony, Zagurskie said Charles Miller was "certainly aware" of his assets and could talk intelligently and in depth regarding his investments and tax-free bonds.
Weyandt also testified that the bank Charles Miller did business with once lost a deposit he had made.
While the bank could not locate records of the transaction, Charles Miller could – and did – ultimately resulting in the transaction being re–recorded.
At the end of his testimony, Zagurskie said Charles Miller, in his opinion, possessed "testamentary capacity."
It was Charles Miller, Zagurskie said, who also directed a number of devices into his will. He wanted the money set aside for the municipalities to be doled out in $10,000 increments over 10 years, so as to not be spent all at once.
Charles Miller also told Zagurskie the money dedicated to youth sports also should be set aside, with dividends or interest made available to fund projects such as a baseball stadium.
It was a careful, deliberate document, Zagurskie said, not the work of a man who had trouble with basic daily functions.
When asked why Charles Miller had directed some of his money toward civic institutions, Zagurskie had a simple answer.
"He wanted a legacy," he said.
At the end
Early in 2007, Charles Miller knew he was dying.
He had found the lump in his chest – the sign of the cancer – and together he and Weyandt went first to Guiser and then to Lewistown Hospital, where Charles Miller would die.
He underwent treatment for the cancer, but it was to no avail.
Weyandt knew Charles Miller had left her money. She was there when the will and, later, the codicil, were signed.
Before 2004, Weyandt said she knew Charles Miller's income came from social security, union pay and the money he made from collecting cans – but she was unaware of his estate's value.
"I was aware he had money, but it was his money, not mine," she testified.
In 2004, Charles Miller asked her to visit Powell with him, to draw up his will. She had not accompanied him when he first visited Zagurskie, the attorney said.
"He told me to go along (with him), and told Mr. Powell what he wanted done," she said. "I did not know what he was going to do."
Charles Miller directed Powell to list Weyandt as a beneficiary, leaving her $100,000 after his death.
He told her, she testified, that the money was to provide for her until she died.
Weyandt said she was "flabbergasted," at the amount, and that she told Charles Miller she hoped she would never receive it.
"I wanted to leave this world before him," she said.
Weyandt said she visited him daily as he grew weaker, closer to the end.
March 22, 2007, was not a remarkable day. The skies were partly cloudy and the temperature had risen from the mid-40s earlier in the week to the mid-60s.
In Juniata County, state Sen. Jake Corman, R-Bellefonte, was visiting, while in Mifflin County, the school board met that evening to discuss plans for the new Indian Valley High School.
At 8 p.m., Charles Miller died.
On March 26, 2007, he was laid to rest in Westminister Presbyterian Cemetery, Mifflintown. His final resting place is near the top of the hill in the cemetery, next to his mother and father, a stone's throw from the road.
No stone marks his grave, just a bronze veteran's flag holder and a small plastic sign: "Charles M. 'Bub' Miller."
On April 13, 2007, his brother, Ellwood Miller, filed an objection to the probate of Charles Miller's Last Will and Testament and the adjoining codicil.
In his objection, Ellwood Miller contends that his brother was not of a sound mind, was delusional, and that Weyandt exerted not only undue influence over his brother, but also an "overmastering influence," taking advantage of his weakened intellect.
His objection contends that Weyandt, along with her daughter and son, knew of Charles Miller's delusional conflict with his family, and "they had the opportunity to feed into said delusion."
In the judge's hands
The case now rests before the Honorable J. Michael Williamson, the president judge of Clinton County.
Williamson was assigned the case after Juniata County Judge C. Joseph Rehkamp recused himself in April 2007.
After the closing arguments on June 5, Williamson ordered the attorneys involved in the case to have written briefs filed within 10 days.
The judge then will review the arguments on both sides before delivering his decision and deciding who the real Charles Miller was.
Was he, in the words of Dolgos, a brain-damaged, confused man in a conflict with his family over a fictional incident which was a product only of his imagination?
Why had he not included Wayne Miller, a man who Dolgos said was close to Charles Miller, in his will?
Did brain damage, caused by a stroke, cause Charles Miller to turn on Wayne Miller, a man who Dolgos said was, "the one person who has taken the most significant care of him?"
"This is a man from an extremely close family," Dolgos said in her closing argument. "Up until the time he passed, his family still loved him, still sent him cards."
Or, was Charles Miller of a sound mind. Was he Weyandt's Charles Miller – a loving, caring man who enjoyed baking cookies?
Was he, after his stroke, the same man who parlayed a construction worker's salary into a small fortune at the time of his passing?
Randy Zimmerman, Weyandt's attorney, said he "doesn't follow" Dolgos' theory.
"What bothers me (is) you have all these folks — tax collectors, lawyers, bankers ... everyone said he was his own man," Zimmerman said. "He knew what he was doing. Someone just didn't like it."
Zimmerman said he believes that Charles Miller was the Charles Miller who Weyandt remembers.
Weyandt, for her part, remembers a man who cared for his friends and, until the parting of ways, was close to his family.
Weyandt said she remembers a man who would rise early in the morning and eat breakfast with her before going to his house to check on the property. Later each day he would return to her home for lunch, and the two would pass the evenings before retiring for the day – together, she said.
They spent time at the cabin, taking walks in the afternoons through the woods. They baked cookies together and he kept her flowers watered. They never married, they never felt the need. They preferred to keep things how they were, which, she said, worked well for both of them. Charles Miller, she said, became a part of her family, as dear to her as her daughter.
When asked in court how she felt about Charles Miller, Weyandt replied simply – "I loved him."
Article Photos
Charles Miller's final resting place is beside his parents here, in Westminister Presbyterian Cemetery, Mifflintown.


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Adapting to Evolving Business Environments Is...
Wall Street Decline Takes Its Toll...
Expanding Use of NGS Has Largely...
Quadruple Helices Appear To Have Role...
Thomas Insel is only the acting director of NIH's new translational science center. In a Q&A interview with Science magazine's ScienceInsider blog he made it clear he's not interested in giving up his day job as director of the National Institute of Mental Health to run the fledgling National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).
Reading the interview also clarified some of NCATS' early direction and focus, both how much things can be expected to change within NIH and how much things will stay the same. The first impact of NCATS on NIH, according to Insel, may be a restructuring of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) initiative. It encompasses some 60 biomedical institutions nationwide. CTSA announced its latest funding round in July, awarding a total $498 million to 10 institutions.
"If there's a change, it's going to be the possibility that going forward not every CTSA will be exactly the same thing whether it's in community engagement or whether it's in first-in-man trials. We're going to look at being able to, to the extent possible, cultivate what they do best," Insel promised.
It makes some sense to introduce some specialization within CTSA, to avoid the waste that comes with duplicating the same functions everywhere. But if that should indeed happen, the CTSA should be grouped within regions, to ensure a balance of programs nationally, and minimize the disruption that's sure to happen if clinical trials for one disease were all concentrated in one location. Insel seems to agree, judging by his interest in seeing NIH preserve the range of CTSA activities, even as he says the agency expects the initiative to "evolve."
CTSA accounted for well above half ($479.8 million) the $576.5 million approved for NCATS in FY 2012. That number is 2.3% higher than the $563.4 million it spent in FY 2011 but 18% less than what was proposed by NIH director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. CTSA was housed in the old National Center for Research Resources, which has been dissolved to make room for NCATS, no small factor in all the talk about reorganizing the initiative.
Insel also said his interim role at NCATS affords him "a chance to try some experiments," one of which he spelled out in the interview: "One of the questions we're now grappling with is, 'Can we get away from this rigid separation between intramural and extramural?'"
He pointed to a model for that internal-external integration within NCATS. One of the center's components is the Therapies for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) program, which has ramped up to overseeing 10 projects and four pilots. TRND doesn't fund projects directly but helps academic and biopharma industry partners access drug development capabilities that include high-throughput screening, medicinal chemistry, and toxicology.
"It becomes really interesting when you think about something like [the rare diseases program] which is technically an intramural program, but 90% of what they do is done with extramural collaborations. They don't have a big intramural faculty that's on a tenure track, they don't have a large number of FTEs [staff positions]; it's a very different way for NIH to operate," Insel told ScienceInsider.
But TRND and NCATS may not have a choice, as everyone from President Barack Obama to Congressional leaders promise to cut spending across the federal government this election year. Last summer's budget deal presents two sobering choices: $1.2 trillion in cuts over 10 years or across-the-board cuts that include 7.8% reductions for NIH. Many fear that talk will translate into cuts for the agency, judging from a recent GEN poll.
Operating in the rare disease space, where traditional funding has always been difficult to find, TRND projects have been able to cobble together resources from NIH as well as various partners from academia and often industry. Extending that thinking across NCATS will be necessary, not just because tight budgets loom but because Dr. Collins has already ruled out the new center "entering the drug development arena" on its own given the billion-dollar-plus cost of bringing new medicines to market.
"What NCATS intends to do is advance the science of therapeutic development and determine if there are ways we can re-engineer the drug development pipeline; creating new approaches and methods that will benefit everyone interested in speeding the delivery of new medicines," Dr. Collins testified in May before the Senate Subcommittee on Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations. It's now up to Insel and his successor to match those lofty hopes for NCATS with sound policy.
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You are here: Kaedrin > Weblog > Archives > February 2012 > Favorite Films of 2011
|Kaedrin Weblog
Sunday, February 19, 2012
Favorite Films of 2011
Once again, I find myself attempting to sum up a rather unusual year for movies. Here we have a year of movies that managed to transcend mediocrity, but none which achieved true greatness. There were a ton of good movies released this year, ranging from a good way to spend a few hours to... a very good way to spend a few hours? Again, nothing seemed to really hit on all cylinders this year.
The theme of 2010 was a questioning of reality. I don't see a theme in 2011, but I do see some patterns. The one that sticks out to me is that there seemed to be a preponderance of art house genre pictures. These movies tend to be low budget schlock-fests, even when they're good. But this year, several talented directors took on unusual genres, and instead of schlock, we got deliberate pacing punctuated by visually spectacular moments of beauty. From cosmic existentialism (The Tree of Life, Melancholia, Certified Copy) to straightforward action (Drive) to westerns (Meek's Cutoff), we got a ton of unusual takes on standard genres this year. There are even more examples that will be listed below. Does this really qualify as a Theme (capital T) for 2011? Probably not, but it's the pattern I'm most struck by... it seems that all the interesting movies this year were playing with form and genre...
As of this moment, I've seen 75 movies that would be considered 2011 releases. Add in the 19 movies I saw at Fantastic Fest, and that brings the grand total up to 94 movies. This is a record for me, though probably much less than a lot of critics would see in a year.
The standard disclaimer goes double for this year: creating a list like this is an inherently subjective process, and I seemed to have struggled with the list more than expected, to the point where I'm having trouble orienting films on a pure 1-10 scale. For the past several years, I've always had a pretty easy time with the top 5 movies of the year. I would have a little more trouble with the 6-8 picks, and the final two were always impossible to pick. This year? I feel like I've got 10 movies I want to cram in those 9 and 10 slots, with maybe a few in the 6-8 realm... As such, I'm breaking from tradition this year and listing out my top 10 in alphabetical order. A bit of a cop out, sure, but what are you going to do? Sue me?
I used to put this list together by trying to figure out the best films of the year, but in the past few years, I've been gravitating more towards my favorite films. There were films I really respected this year that never quite connected with me the way they did with critics, so I have a feeling my list will be more personal and unusual than most top 10s... Indeed, this is probably the least commercial list I've ever put together (there are normally at least a few big budget Hollywood type films on the list, but not so much this year...) My hope is that this will make for a more interesting list to read, but enough babbling, let's get this show started:
Top 10 Movies of 2011
* In alphabetical order
* Also in alphabetical order
But still worthwhile, in their own way. Presented without comment and in no particular order:
These are films that are almost universally recognized in critics' circles, but which didn't really connect with me. Again presented without comment and in no particular order:
Despite the record number of movies I saw this year, there were still a few that got away. This could be because of limited distribution, or because I just didn't find the movie that compelling until after it was out of theaters or something like that... Again presented without comment and in no particular order:
Anyways, stay tuned next week for the annual Kaedrin Oscars Liveblogging event! It should be a real corker.
Posted by Mark at 07:17 PM
Categories: 2011 Movie Awards , Movies
Where am I?This post is part of the Kaedrin Weblog. It's been categorized under 2011 Movie Awards , Movies and was originally published in February 2012.
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Sponsors: Governor has signed police probe bill
MADISON, Wis. (AP) _ The sponsors of a bill that that mandates Wisconsin police departments use outside investigators to probe officer-involved deaths says Gov. Scott Walker has signed the measure into law.
The bill comes in the wake of several high-profile officer involved deaths across the state in recent years. Supporters say it will alleviate concerns about investigators from the same department covering up their friends' misconduct.
Currently smaller departments routinely rely on outside agencies to investigate officer-involved deaths. But the state's two biggest departments, Madison and Milwaukee, investigate their own officers.
The measure passed both the Assembly and Senate on voice votes earlier this year. The bill's chief sponsors, Reps. Chris Taylor and Garey Bies, issued a joint statement Wednesday saying the governor has signed the measure.


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- Game Details
- News (2)
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Pokemon Ranger: Shadows of Almia News
Displaying 1–2 of 2 articles
The Next Pokemon Colors Revealed: Black And White
Well, that didn't take very long. Nintendo of Japan has officially announced the next installments in the long-running Pokemon series, Pokemon Black and Pokemon White for DS. An official reveal of Pokemon Black and Pokemon White will happen on April 15, with both games scheduled for release sometime in 2010. However, Nintendo of America has not...
Twitter On Your Nintendo DS
A very smart person by the name of Jorge S. has conjured a Twitter homebrew program for Nintendo's handheld wonder, aptly named DSTwitter. Check it out: Takes some technical requirements to install it on your DS, but you can check out the website if you're interested in Twittering between Pokemon Ranger matches.
Articles 1–2 of 2


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Stephanie Chin of Curtis High School, along with Michelle Truong of Staten Island Technical High School, New Dorp, and Andrew Copp of New Dorp High School, were all selected as Con Edison's 2010 "Youth & Politics" students. Con Edison joined forces with two of the borough's elected officials to create a one-day program designed to give students interested in politics an opportunity to shadow an elected official at work.
City Councilwoman Debi Rose (D-North Shore) and Councilman James Oddo (R-Mid-Island/Brooklyn) greeted these high-achievers with a full day of meetings, constituent issues and events. The schedules helped broaden the teens' views of what a typical day looks like for a hardworking public servant.
Miss Chin spent the day in Councilwoman Rose's office on Stuyvesant Place in St. George.
"Councilwoman Rose and her staff were really helpful in making this an eye-opening occasion for me," said Miss Chin. "Although there's a lot of work ahead of us, we are making Staten Island a better place to live."
"It was enlightening for me and, I hope, for Stephanie," Councilwoman Rose said. "I enjoyed having her shadow me and especially enjoyed explaining the process or procedures she witnessed," she added.
Meanwhile, Miss Truong and Copp spent the day with Oddo in his South Avenue office in Bloomfield.
"It was a pleasure to share part of my day with two such bright young people," Oddo said. "Andrew and Michelle were attentive, engaged, and asked good questions. I think they got a flavor of what we do and hope they decide to consider public service as a possible career path."
"The process was explained in a way I could relate to," says Copp. "That was the best part for me. I would like to see more programs like this so students like me can get experience in politics," he added.
"The program was more exciting than I expected," said Miss Truong. "It taught me there's more to an elected official's day than just going to events. There's so much work going on behind the scenes, and it couldn't be done without teamwork."
Youth & Politics was started to arouse students' curiosity about what happens at the next level. "It was great to see these students gain a better understanding of what's happening in their own community," said Katia Gordon of Con Edison's Staten Island Public Affairs department. "There's no better teacher than first-hand experiences, and I believe this program exposed them to some valuable lessons."
Con Edison plans to run the program during spring break on an annual basis.


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Denver announces it's applying for money to host children who entered U.S. illegally
DENVER — There is new controversy over a plan to help illegal immigrant children in Denver.
City leaders announced Tuesday they are asking for federal money to host up to 60 undocumented children.
"We think it's fiscally responsible to go after federal grant dollars to provide support to kids," says Penny May of Denver Human Services.
Her department is applying for $4 million in federal money that will allow them to house up to 60 children. The program would last for up to three years.
"It's about providing housing, emergency shelter… it's about helping locate families."
But not everyone likes the order of Denver becoming the next home of the border crisis. "The loving, compassionate thing to do is to send these children back to loving families who care," says Regina Thompson, president of Colorado's Tea Party Patriots.
She says she believes bringing children who entered the United States illegally to Colorado now only sets the standard that will convince more people to cross the border illegally.
"They're not fleeing for refugee status; they're coming to do this because they think they'll get amnesty."
Some Denver leaders say the money is necessary to preserve human rights. In a statement, Colorado Congresswoman Diana DeGette says, "While we need to pass comprehensive immigration reform to deal with this problem fully, communities in Denver are doing their part to help right now."
There is no date set for if and when these children could come to Colorado. But it's clear the controversy will remain long after they arrive.
Chicago is also going after federal money to do the same thing.


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Absolute Waterfront Motel and Fully Self Contained Apartments in the heart of the Gippsland Lakes at Paynesville, the Boating Capital of Victoria.
A leisurely 3 ½ hours drive from Melbourne, you wake to a sun filled room overlooking tranquil and sheltered waters.
Mariners Cove is conveniently located within 50 metre level walk to the Shops, Restaurants, Supermarkets, The Old Pub, Pharmacy and Ferry to Raymond Island, where Koalas are abundant in their natural environment.
Enjoy a room service breakfast on your private balcony overlooking the water or take a stroll along the foreshore, through the parks or visit the many National and Coastal Parks nearby.
Mariners Cove at Paynesville


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by Ray Romano
The latest stand-up comic turned sit com star to paste his monologues into a book, Ray Romano (of CBS's Everybody Loves Raymond) is funniest, not surprisingly, when read aloud. His cadences, pauses, bada-boom punchlines all scream: comedy club! But whose voice is it anyway? Carping about life's little irritants—the "completely sealed" pistachio nut or the soda machine that rejects only your dollar bills—Romano sounds eerily like Jerry Seinfeld. Focusing on married life, he evokes Paul Reiser's arch befuddlement. And a Cosbyan weariness suffuses Romano's riffs on the olfactory joys of diaper-changing.
In these passages and others, the 40-year-old father of four sounds like Generic Family Man. But scattered throughout are tantalizing glimpses of the real Romano: a onetime mattress-company trucker who lived in the basement of his parents' Forest Hills, N.Y., home until he was 29. ("Wow, did I save money on dates," he quips.) Who knows? Perhaps in his next book, he might favor us with a full-fledged Romano à clef. (Bantam, $22.95)
Bottom Line: Everybody loves a good laugh, but Raymond's riffs don't add up to a satisfying read
Picks and Pans Review: Everything and a Kite
updated 11/09/1998 AT 01:00 AM EST
•originally published 11/09/1998 AT 01:00 AM EST


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University Chancellor Harvey Perlman asked for a little time to start looking for a replacement before Tom Osborne publicly announced his retirement.
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Erie man charged in weekend assault
An Erie man remains in jail today on charges in a Saturday night assault on the city's west side.
Anthony R. Neiswonger, 28, was placed in the Erie County Prison on $25,000 bond after his arraignment by Erie 4th Ward District Judge Tom Robie on charges of aggravated assault, recklessly endangering and disorderly conduct.
Police accuse Neiswonger of striking a man in the face with a bottle and punching him during an incident in the 4000 block of Peach Street on Saturday at about 6:15 p.m. Police said the victim received severe lacerations to his face, chin and shoulder in the assault.


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How much does it add to the car's price?
To get a third row in the 2009 Dodge Journey, you'll have to look at SXT and R/T trim levels; the base SE isn't available with a third row.
On the Journey SXT ($23,925, not including a $675 destination fee), a third row is part of Flexible Seating Group option. It adds $995 to the price of a front-wheel-drive Journey or $920 to an all-wheel-drive model. This package includes a flat-folding third row plus a second row that tilts and slides forward for easy access to the third row. Also included is a climate control system for rear passengers.
On the R/T (starting at $27,585), the Flexible Seating Group option costs $1,220 for front-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive models.
The third row can fit two passengers, but full-sized adults will find it cramped. Like many small or midsized SUVs, the third row is typically best suited for people with smaller builds.
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The recent demonstration before the New York Academy of Medicine (The Journal, Feb. 24, p. 505), of the results of the year's work in the investigation of the etiology of cancer at the New York State Cancer Laboratory in Buffalo, introduces the very latest phase—what may be called an American phase—of this very interesting subject. The results of the studies of the laboratory seem to point to the conclusion that a yeast is the microorganism whose growth in the tissues somehow sets up sufficient irritation to cause the irresponsible overgrowth of cells that we know as a malignant tumor. This yeast is, at least as far as our present knowledge goes, the ordinary saccharomyces, so familiarly known because of its spontaneous development in sugar solutions whenever they are exposed to the air. Its seeds exist in the atmosphere the world over.
It is somewhat of a shock to the ordinary
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What's a Clip?
A Clip 'n Share page is a cached "clipped" image of one small section of a full Wolfram|Alpha result. You can recompute the full result page from the clip, as long as it does not depend on private data from a user.
regular gasoline average price per gallon from january 2001 to january 2009
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"Be the change you want to see in the world." - Ghandi
That's the B.T.C. of the little grocery Alexe Van Beuren started in the 4,000-population town of Water Valley, Miss., to offer products the local Piggly Wiggly lacked. One of the innovators who revived the empty storefronts just 25 minutes from the happening university town of Oxford, Van Beuren gave both the store and its cookbook a Norman Rockwell vibe. Real success arrived with chef Dixie Grimes, who added the folksy menu that made the B.T.C a regional culinary hub. There's skillet biscuits with three types of gravy, soups, salads, sandwiches, all kinds of casseroles, and plenty of old-school cakes. Food that makes you happy. Clarkson Potter. $29.95.
Adapted Chicken, Asparagus, and Mushroom Casserole
Serves 6
1 stick unsalted butter
1 cup sliced shiitake mushrooms
1 cup chopped asparagus
1 garlic clove, minced
2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
1/2 cup Madeira
1 cup chicken stock, homemade or store-bought
2 cups cooked shredded chicken
1 cup cooked white rice
1 teaspoon chopped fresh thyme
1 teaspoon chopped fresh tarragon
1 teaspoon kosher salt
1/2 teaspoon white pepper
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Spray a 9x13-inch baking dish with nonstick cooking spray. In a large skillet set over medium heat, melt the butter until it just starts to bubble, and then add the mushrooms, asparagus and garlic. Cook, stirring, until the vegetables are soft, about 10 minutes.
Whisk in the flour and cook until it becomes golden brown, 3 minutes. Slowly whisk in the Madeira until smooth. Whisk in the stock and cook until smooth and thickened, about 15 minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and stir in the chicken, rice, thyme, tarragon, salt, and white pepper. Scoop the mixture into the prepared baking dish. Cover with foil and bake for 30 minutes. Uncover and bake 15 minutes, or until browned on top. Let rest for 10 minutes before serving.
Note: This casserole will keep in the freezer for up to 3 months. For best results, freeze it before baking; thaw overnight in the refrigerator, and then bake according to the recipe.


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Native Watercraft Adapt-a-Trak Center Skirt
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Skirts clip or slide into the recessed channel to create a dry, secure seal. The BOW SKIRT has an extra mesh flap to slide your paddle blade under and with the velcro loop beside the seat completes a convenient paddle stowing system. The Bow Skirt can be installed alone or with the CENTER MINI SKIRT to cover lower legs and keep the bow section dryer. The Center Mini Skirt also is uniquely contoured to allow more room to bend your knees or stretch your legs. The STERN SKIRT protects the stern from splash but has velcro pockets on right and left sides behind the seat to provide quick, easy access to rear gear.
- Massey's Outfitters
Native Watercraft Adapt-a-Trak Center Skirt
previously retailed for:
The Native Watercraft Adapt-a-Trak Center Skirt is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen October 19, 2010 at Massey's Outfitters.
If you're looking for a new spray skirt/deck, check out the best reviewed current models.


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She was a cool hero that died but whats with her in the latest robin comics
Whats the news with spoiler
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April 3, 2000
Woodinville Fire's climbers included (left to right): Brent Sytsma, Jeff Smith, Scott Wedemeyer, Ron Suggs, Kurt McGowan, Larry Laurent, and Matt Durham (not pictured).
Photo by Matthew E. Durham.
by Marshall Haley, staff reporter
Woodinville's Larry Laurent, 41, placed 30th out of the 457 firefighters who climbed the 69-floor Bank of America Tower in full fire gear on March 19. This year's event was called the Safeco Firefighter Challenge, in honor of its primary sponsor.
The 10th annual stair climb is a race against time to raise money from individual pledges and corporate sponsorships to benefit the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS). In the first nine years, the event raised $145,000.
Firefighters will accept donations until April 14 to reach this year's goal of $75,000. Anyone wishing to donate should contact Laurent at 206-907-0007, or Kris Maki of LLS at 206-628-0777. The LLS supports five major programs: research, patient aid, public and professional education, and community service.
Other Woodinville Fire & Life Safety District firefighters participating included Brent Sytsma, Jeff Smith, Scott Wedemeyer, Ron Suggs, Kurt McGowan, and Matt Durham.


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I am writing this piece on Tuesday evening listening to a once proud football club again capitulating in front of our eyes and (ears). Rovers are currently 2-0 down to Cardiff City after 76 minutes. "This is now exhibition stuff from the Championship side," says commentator Nigel Adderley. There have been many bleak moments in the past 12 months but this is now so predictable.
The latest chapter in this farcical, slapstick season that all Rovers fans are enduring should have been accompanied by the theme tune to the Benny Hill Show! Nothing surprises me anymore from a club which has undergone a character assassination; from being a stable and well respected organisation both on and off the pitch to that of a dysfunctional shambles in the space of 12 short months.
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Fast Money Final Trade: EPU, S, FCX, MCD
The Fast Money traders share their final trades of the day.
will b: Johnson's war on the family ( poverty) started about 1965. the black family was largely together up until 1964 or so. As the family disintegrated the chaos began. Union run schools failed to educate more and more. Then you add bussing and the white middle class left the schools and fled ever further out or went to private schools. The black middle class left the city as well to escape the bad schools. the neighborhood slid down hill the single woman usually very young was now raising children in a less than safe neighborhood with less than good schools and no help. The children went on the streets and incultrated themselves. Hence chaos beyond belief. All created by the den of rat and his big government we can fix it all with programs mentality.. The white family is now going down the same road. The american nation is in grave danger from within.


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Clitoral Stimulation Techniques
These 4 Oral & Finger Stimulation Tips Will Drive Her Wild
Page 2 of 2
Gentle massagingOral sex can be earth shattering, but manual stimulation can be just as satisfying when done correctly. The next time you're in bed, slide behind your woman and pull her up onto her knees. Draw her back against your chest and tease her body until she's writhing in your arms. From this position, you can use your fingers to gently massage her clitoris. There's no need to retract the hood, just work your magic in slow, sexy circles. Try not to apply too much pressure to the clit — no squishing, unless she asks for it of course. If you want to add a little variety, try side-to-side or diagonal strokes. This is precisely how many women stimulate themselves and their bodies will respond automatically.
Clit tip: Don't use your tongue to lubricate your fingers; saliva only works through constant application, and you don't want to interrupt stimulation once you've started. If she's truly turned on, coat your fingers with her own lubrication; it'll last much longer.
Multiple manual stimulationThis is a fantastic method of stimulating the clitoris, but the execution can be somewhat tricky. The best position for this is with her lying on her back, and you lying beside her. Start with the gentle massaging method we just discussed, and continue until she's very, very wet. At that point, you'll want to slide a finger or two inside of her. Take your time. You don't want to inflict pain, as that would kill the mood. When she's ready for more, place your thumb on her clitoris and start to massage it. The combination of clitoral and vaginal stimulation will double her pleasure, not to mention lead to a very unique orgasm.
Clit tip: If your fingers aren't long enough to simulate intercourse while keeping your thumb on her clitoris, don't worry about it. The main stimulation here should be clitoral, and it's perfectly fine if your other fingers don't move very much; some women actually prefer this.


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You and 4 of your buddies run up to someones house quietly and stand around the house and bang and scream on the outside of the house as loud as you can thus scaring the shit out of them.
old man jenkins was mad that we were throwing the football at his wires, so later that night we gave him a heart attack from a good house screaming.
by David Pearce August 21, 2006
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


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Q: What is the Alaskan Independence Party?
A: An Alaskan political party whose members advocate a range of solutions to the conflicts between federal and local authority; from advocacy for state's rights, through a return to territorial status, all the way to complete independence and nationhood status for Alaska.
The ultimate goal is for Alaska to be its own country as stated by its founder, Joe Vogler: "I'm an Alaskan, not an American. I've got no use for America or her damned institutions."
The AIP's motto is "ALASKA FIRST!"
In May 1993, Vogler disappeared under suspicious circumstances, just weeks before he was scheduled to give a speech to the United Nations on Alaskan independence, sponsored by the government of Iran.
Convicted thief Manfried West confessed to having murdered Vogler the following year in what he described as an illegal plastic explosive sale gone bad.
Vogler was buried in Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada, fulfilling his wish that he not be buried under the American flag.


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0 Flares Made with Flare More Info'> 0 Flares ×
From HuffPo, a fairly lackluster, lukewarm article on superfoods:
Here's 12 of the top July superfoods and — because everything is better with a theme — we've kept 'em all red, white and blue. For the most part.
Their list includes the following:
- Watermelon for lycopene (what, no citrulline mention?)
- Tomatoes, again for lycopene. (lots of people are sensitive to tomatoes)
- Strawberries for antioxidants, manganese and antioxidants. This one's pretty good. Strawberries are in the top 10 fruits for ORAC levels, a measure of antioxidant capacity. But what about Vitamin C?
- Raspberries, for vitamin K and magnesium. They don't mention, but it's also a Vitamin C powerhouse.
- Lychee, for Vitamin C. This isn't exactly a superfruit. Tasty, though.
- Garlic, because of a "chemical that helps relax blood vessels and increase flow." This is because garlic contains polysulfides, which causes hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to be released from red blood cells. This lowers blood pressure, which is great for the heart. Garlic is great stuff.
- Jicama, for fiber. They're stretching a little now, but I guess the theme is red white and blue foods. Not a lot of white superfoods… or are there? How about onions? Do bananas count?
- White Peaches. See Jicama.
- Blueberries – On every superfoods list ever made. Yes, it's an amazing nutrient-rich superfruit that has shown tons of benefits of a multitude of studies. Buy them often!
- Blackberries – Fiber and antioxidants. Zzzz…
- Figs – Vitamin A, B6 and, of course. fiber.
- Eggplants – Has a powerful antioxidant called nasunin. But it's not red, white or blue. It's purple? What's it doing here?


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quote: Late yesterday DailyTech was briefed on the final details for the upcoming R600 retail specifications, just in time for everyone to go on vacation for Chinese New Year.
quote: AMD anticipates the target driver for X2900 XT to be Catalyst 8.36. WHQL release of the X2900 XTX driver will appear around the Ides of March.
quote: Why was there such discrepancy with the board layouts and designs up until now? An ATI insider, who wished to remain nameless, states "The original Quad-Stealth design is what we build the R600 on: GDDR4, full-length and dual-slot cooling. As the silicon further revised, [ATI] took up several alternative designs which eventually included GDDR3 and heatpipes into the specification. The release cards demonstrate the versatility of R600 in each of these unique setups


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Savers, the national thrift chain with more than 320 locations across North America, is celebrating its 10th store in the Chicagoland area benefitting the Epilepsy Foundation of Greater Chicago. The celebration of the Hoffman Estates location will kick off on Tuesday, November 12 with a VIP Pre-Event from 6:00-9:00 pm. The official grand opening with be on Thursday, November 14 with an 8:45 a.m. ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Savers management and representatives from the Epilepsy Foundation of Greater Chicago. The doors open at 9:00 am.
First Savers in Hoffman Estates Partners with the Epilepsy Foundation of Greater Chicago to Benefit Community
Enrollment for Health Insurance Marketplace is Now Open!
As of October 1st, Health Insurance Marketplace has begun accepting applications for those who are trying to find the most beneficial insurance plans available to them. The Marketplace simplifies your search by gathering information about all of the insurance plans in your area in one place. No plan can turn you away or charge you more because you have an illness or medical condition. While all of the plans are offered by private companies, the Marketplace is run by state or federal government. If you live in Illinois, you can find all the information you need at the http://getcoveredillinois.gov website.
Epilepsy Continues to Receive Legislative Support in Illinois: The Danny Stanton SUDEP Act
Illinois Governor Pat Quinn signed the Danny Stanton SUDEP Act into law on Monday, August 12th. The law requires medical examiners and coroners to include an inquiry about a history of epilepsy and seizures as part of a standard autopsy, and, if an instance of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is determined, to report it to a national registry. Illinois State Senator Dan Kotowski, in collaboration with the Danny Did Foundation, spearheaded this bill.
Gov. Quinn Signs Medicaid Expansion into Law
Illinois Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation on Monday, July 22nd, which requires the Department of Health and Family Services (DHS) to ensure that Medicaid patients with epilepsy do not require prior approval from the Department in order to receive anti-convulsant drugs.
Duke Medicine researchers identify molecular target to prevent onset epilepsy
Duke Medicine researchers have identified a receptor in the nervous system that may be key to preventing epilepsy following a prolonged period of seizures.
Stem cell research provides hope for epilepsy cure
Researchers from UC San Francisco have discovered a way to reverse severe forms of epilepsy in mice with stem cells, providing a new sense of hope for patients who suffer from the seizure-inducing disorder.
Epilepsy Drug Used During Pregnancy Increases Baby's Autism Risk
Children born to mothers who took the anti-seizure drug valproate were five times more likely to be born with autism than those whose mothers didn't take the medication, a Danish study found.