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Arakan history expert Dr. Jacques P. Leider gives an exclusive interview to The Irrawaddy in light of the recent sectarian strife in western Burma. Leider has been conducting research as well as contributing articles to academic journals on Arakan State for more than two decades. He has worked with SEAMEO-CHAT, the regional center for history and tradition in Rangoon, and is currently head of the French School of Asian Studies in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Question: What is the meaning of "Rohingya?"
Answer: [The term Rohingya] appeared for the first time at the end of the 18th century in the report of an Englishman who went to the Chittagong area, the Rakhine [Arakan] area. His name was Francis Buchanan-Hamilton. He was a medical doctor [and this term appeared] in one of the papers that was published by him. Now when we talk about scientific explanations and etymology of the word, it does not say anything about politics. You use this term for yourself as a political label to give yourself identity in the 20th century. Now how is this term used since the 1950s? It is clear that people who use it want to give this identity to the community that live there.
Q: What about the history of the Muslim community in Arakan State?
A: Everywhere in Southeast Asia—such as Thailand, Indonesia and everywhere—you find Muslim communities. Islam has been growing in other areas where it did not exist before the 15th century in Indonesia, Malaysia and so on. You also have, it is not surprising, a Muslim community in Myanmar. [We know that] in the 15th century you have an emerging Muslim community there. The second part of the Muslim community there belongs to the colonial period, when many people from Bengal and that area came to settle in Rakhine.
Q: What is the situation on the ground between Arakanese Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims?
A: This is a very difficult question to answer for a foreigner who can only go to places in Rakhine where it is acceptable. I will not call the Rakhine Buddhist racist towards Muslims. There seem to be expression; the emotional reaction is extremely strong. Let me put it diplomatically like this—a very strong emotional reaction.
Q: What are the roots of this reaction?
A: Well, I think from historical point of view, when you look at the situation of Muslims in Rakhine, in Burma, one big difference is that the Muslims in Rakhine have settled on the ground, they were farmers. They have been farmers since the pre-colonial period because Rakhine kings were deporting people from Bengal and bringing them to Rakhine and settling them. We know from a source in the 17th century that there were villages where there were only Muslims. They have been settled there by the Rakhine kings. The English stopped Indian immigration during the colonial period. Because there was no border there, so you figure out the people come and go from Bengal to Rakhine. Their demographic growth was tremendous. The Rakhine back in the 1920s, the Buddhist Rakhine, were feeling very awkward about this.
Q: Do you agree with observers who say there is a third force behind the conflict?
A: There is no reason to look for a third force to explain [the conflict], to describe it and to talk about solutions. It is absolutely clear that in the context where Arakan is, you have a very particular situation which you do not have in other so-called minority areas. In Karen, Kachin or Chin, we're normally talking about the majority Myanmar who confront the local minority group, which is actually a majority of that area. But here you have three involved—you have Rakhine Buddhist, you have Muslim on the other hand and then you have the government. When you have three, it is always easy to have two against one. Now Muslims would argue they are Rakhine Buddhist and Myanmar Buddhist who play against us. It's always easy to argue that.
Q: So what is the underlying reason behind the conflict?
A: I think that on the land that exists there, there are increasing numbers of people. Rakhine Buddhists have been seeing that there are Muslims there. The Muslims who are living in Rakhine, the population has been growing. The question is how much have they been growing. Apparently, it seems that they are growing faster. There is a feeling that they are growing; that they are there and there is this kind of resentment that these people are there and nobody is tackling the Muslims present there. All these resentments, all these feelings, have been there for a long time. Sheer violence is used to say that we have situation that we cannot bear anymore.
Q: Would you say it is not a racial issue?
A: No, Rohingya use "racist Buddhists" and the other side will use that. There has been violence, there are a number of other words and we should be sensitive about the use of these words. Now when somebody comes to use the word "genocide" against Muslims, that is also way beyond anything that matches with reality. I think "hate" is okay as the term you can use as kind of a common word. But to use "racism" always supposes a kind of ideology. I don't see among Buddhists this kind of ideology. It's kind of dislike. You have xenophobia, you have ranges of other words you can use to describe more correctly and more justly what we see.
Q: Is the international media mistaken when they use phrases like "genocide of the Rohingya?"
A: Yes, a lot. Journalists have to focus more on diversifying their sources of documentation. I agree it may not be easy. I think there is enormous responsibility on media in Myanmar now that is opening up. Myanmar writers, Myanmar ethnicities take a responsible stand on this. It will not help if they take sides. But you need to be critical and self-critical.
Q: What is the best way forward to resolve the conflict?
A: I would probably say people should sit down and say what they want where there are problems. They want to have peaceful life, they want to have a happy life and see a future for their children. You see other people have what you don't have. In the other community, in the best of their mind, they realize that the other people will not disappear—like it or not, they are not going to disappear. They need to find one way or another to live together. There are many issues that people who are living there, whatever religion, could share. They will confront their own interest and future for the development of Rakhine State, for the people who live there. If they could work together, they could be more efficient instead of fighting together.
Q: Are the Rohingya an ethnic group of Burma?
A: My answer is that Rohingya is not an ethnic concept. Okay, they can stand up and say we are an ethnic group inside Myanmar. But I think that is not the best way. When you argue we are Muslims and we have been living in Rakhine for several generations, nobody can deny it. For me, Rohingya is the term, which is an old word that has been claimed as above all as a political label after the independence of Myanmar. For the moment, I do not see that all the people there readily submit to one and a single label. When I was in Bangladesh, people pointed out Muslims to me who originally lived in Rakhine. They have now moved to Bangladesh and when you ask them, "are you Rohingya coming from Rakhine?" they say, "no, we are Muslims who live in Rakhine, we do not take for us the label Rohingya."
In 15th-16th century, the Bengali population living in the western Bengal area were not all Muslins, and there were many small kingdoms of Hindu under the Muslin Empire. Some Rakhine kings encouraged the Portugese pirates(Freebooters) living in Dianga community (now Cox bazaar) to make slave raids in Bingali delta. The king bought many slaves and used to resold to the Dutch who need labor force for their spice cultivations in Malay penisula. During this time the Rakhine king established three or four slave villages to till his farm lands. These immigrants/slaves were not necessarily of one religion as many Bengali at that period included Hindu and Tantric Buddhist as well as Muslim. These people were gradually absorbed in Rakhine population.
When Burma became an Indian state of British colony , many Bengali came to live in Rakhine forming their own communities, and started to behave as if Maungdaw, Buthitaung, Rathetaung and even some quarters of Sittwe as their own independent teritory. In 1950s, when Burma was having somany uprisings both ethnic and political (Karen, Kachin, Shan, Mon, two communist factions, Yebaw etc, etc) the Bengali Muslins also formed armed force called MUJAHID and attacked their neighbours, killing and rapeing the villagers. Later when U Nu government reinstall peace in the country, and when started to issue National Citizen cards, they do not bother to register. They do think that western Rakhine is their own land. There sure is hatred and anger from the natives Rakhine and this problem will be going on for decades if not century.
Please make it clear who is actually Bangali and who is not. Many unknowingly assume that who ever lives in Bangladesh is called Bengali. If this is true then what about those Rakhines who lives in Chittagong of Bangladesh? Bengali or Bengali-Rakhine or Rakhine? Of course no Rakhine of Bengladesh will accept that. In Bengaladesh there are Burman, Rakhines, Mramma, Chakma and the same people stay also in Burma.
The people in Chittagong are called themselves Chittagonian because they are different from Bengali people who are actually concentrated in East Bengal (which is Dhakka) and West Bengal (Calcutta)both of which are very far from Burma border. And also their language is not at all intelligible to Rohingya people of Arakan. If any Rohingya watch Bengla TV they can hardly understand anything. So how can you brand Rohingya as Bengali? Is is not big humuliation?
we need justice from honest man
aren't you honest? is this the cause why you look forward to honest man?
Of course, Rakhine/Rohang would not understand Bengali becuase they speake Rakhine/Rohang's Language. Rakhine/Rakhai/Rahai/Rahang ???
At Tin Win, You need to learn History of Bengal. Learn more about atrocities committed by Bengali Muslims in Chittagong Hill Tract at PCJSS http://pcjss-cht.org/
While they settle in Myanmar/Burma, they call/claim themselve Myanmar Muslim/Bama Muslim. While they settle in Rakhine, they Bengali call/claim themselves Rakhine Muslim.
Then indigenous Rakhine people protest about calling themselve 'Rakhine Muslim', they claim 'Rohingya'. They keep changing History and keep saying Lies.
Rakhines are Minority in Buthidaung,Maungdaw and Rathedaung. Get it!
These are videos of one Bangladeshi Bengali speaking about Bengali people.
ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ေနေတာ့ ျမန္မာမူစလင္တဲ့ ဗမာမူစလင္တဲ့ ရခိုင္မွာ ေနေတာ့ ရခိုင္မူစလင္တဲ့ အဲဒီလို အဓိပၸယ္ မရွိေခၚလို႕ ဝိုင္းကန္႕ ကြက္ေတာ့ ႐ိုဟင္ဂ်ာ လို႕ ထြင္ခဲ့တာ။ '႐ိုဟိုင္' ဆိုတာ 'ရဟၡဳိင္/ရခိုင္' ကို မူစလင္ေတြ သုံးခဲ့တယ္ ယူဆ ရတယ္။ ဆိုေတာ့ ျမန္မာမူစလင္တို႕ ဗမာမူစလင္တို႕ ဆိုတာ ျမန္မာေတြ ဗမာေတြလား ? လူမ်ိဳး တမ်ိဳးကို ယံုၾကည္တဲ့ ဘာသာႏွင့္ တြဲေခၚတာ ဘယ္လိုနည္း မွ မသင့္ ေတာ္ပါ။ ရခိုင္မူစလင္ လို႕ ေတာင္းဆိုတဲ့သူေတြ ရခိုင္ေတြမွ မဟုတ္တာ။ ဘန္ဂါလီလိုေျပာ ဘန္ဂါလီေသြးပါေနျပီး ရခိုင္လို႕ ေတာင္းဆိုေနေတာ့ 'ေဒါင္း ေယာင္ေဆာင္တဲ့ က်ီး' ပဲျဖစ္ လာတာေပါ့။ ပံုမွား ႐ိုက္တာေတြ။ လူလိမ္ေတြ။ အဲဒီ နယ္စပ္က ေအာက္ေျခက လူေတြ သြားေမးၾကည့္ပါ၊ သြားေတြ႕ ၾကည့္ပါ။ အဓိက အဲဒီက ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေနတဲ့ လူေတြ က လိမ္ေနတာ။
အခုလို ေျဗာင္လိမ္ ေျဗာင္စားေတြ က ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ သက္ေသ ျပျပ၊ မ်က္စိ မွိတ္ျပီး စြတ္ျငင္းေနတာ။ ေတြ႕ရင္ ငိုျပမယ္၊ ထိုင္ရွိခိုးမယ္၊ ျပီးေတာ့ အိမ္ေနာက္ကို မီး႐ိႈ႕ျပီးျပီး။ မင္းတို႕ Qu'ram 40:28 ကိုဖတ္ၾကည့္။ လိမ္တဲ့ သူေတြ ဘယ္လိုျဖစ္လဲဆိုတာ။
History of Bengal
You can never take any history as the truth. You need to consider the motive of the author.
Thanks, good to know history.
But solution is simple. Hold a referendum in MM. Lets ask how many of the usual very welcoming and polite MM want them to obtain MM citizenship.
A simple majority will do.
Simple solution to a simple problem!
Well done. We need somebody to say this and Leider certainly has credibility with his work in Rakhine studies.
Please read this:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, Autumn 2005, ISSN 1479-
The Development of a Muslim Enclave in
Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar)1
Aye Chan
Kanda University of International Studies
For the response to the above please see: Aye Chan's Racism to Rohingya
Link: http://www.rohingyablogger.com/2012/12/racism-to-rohingya-in-burma.html
The term Rohingya for centuries remained to mean people from Rakhine state – for the Bengalis, in Bangladesh and India, the word simply means the people of Rakhine State (Arakan). The majority Buddhists are Rohingya Magh, and the minority Muslims are Rohingya Bangalis (please leave out this term to call other Muslim minority groups who have lived in the land since the old Arakanese kings). For this reason, if anyone from Burma now says that there is no Rohingyas in Burma – that is true, because it is a pure Bengali word. The etymology cited by a number of socalled historians from Bangladesh and by now infamous doctor Yunus – that Arakan comes from the word 'al ruqn' is totally baseless, since in Arabic language the spelling 'ra-kaf-nun' (ruqn as pronounced by Yunus) can also be pronounced as rikin, rakan, rakun, rukun, – since the Arabic language has no different diphthongal or vowel variations, only aa, ee, uu, etc.. If the word pronounces 'rakan' that is the closest to 'rakhaing' or 'rakain', so 'al rakan' should mean 'the Rakhine'. Please ask any Arabic specialists, if you can't believe what I say. In this article Dr Leider has been very clear about the term. There is no politics in the word, less a particular race – it is unfortunate that the separatist Bengalis took the name and started demanding the Buddhist kings of Arakan as Muslims. Many Muslims in Burma have taken up Burmese names, does it mean they are Buddhists? Sensibility should rule.
This term and claim of Rohingya ethnicity by the some Bengali armed and unarmed groups' leaders is myth and misleading, containing an aim with creating own Rohingya region. It is confusion and dangerous. Most Rakhine do not mind they call themselves Muslim and posses lands and farms, even citizen cards. But almost all Rakhine mind they claim they are native and Rakhine was their kingdom. They labeled the Rakhine kings who had Muslim titles in order of influence their subjects in the west Bengal regions in the 15-18 century as Rohingya kings. That makes the Rakhine piss off. The faster growth of hundreds of thousands Begali in the Rakhine State for 50 years, especially in last 20 years of military junta rule,make concern of the Rakhine's future survival. Their concern proved real by the recent Bengali violent attacks over the Rakhine population. To solve these kinds of misunderstanding and misdreaming for both sides, Arakan history seminar was organized in 2005 under the title of "Forgotten Kingdom of Arakan" in Bangkok by the joint sponsor of Chulalon Korn Univerity and ANC. Both Rakhine leaders and Rohingya leaders attended in that seminar. In the penal, the scholars, including Bengali, clearly illustrated that there is no such Rohingya ethnic nor Rohingya kings in the past Arakan Kingdom. Majority are the recent immigrants. Inter-dialogue for peaceful coexistence and settlement for historical misleading were recommended. Jack was one of the 9 leading scholars in that seminar, and this interview with his scholarlistic view is fair enough. Arrawaddy Magazine should inter view Pamela Guttman and Steven Van. Galen. They can give us fair historical view points.
Excellent I love the story and i love the commend of U Maung Maung Myint.
Actually I have nothing to do at all with the issues, but as it is cooked so hot over weeks and in very bad un educated form,- it is like heaven to hear more facts, even some are not very sure but a horizon is opening up which can lead to understanding and peace.
Even until 1999 in Thandwe Township and most Rakhine villages, adult people whichwe hired for tourism business did not have any NRC / ID card as they simply never needed it – they not even went to town and lived their live. In these years it was a saying: "…. the law, – the law is in Yangon and Yangon is far away – so is the Law… " that is just 13 years ago and Thandwe was already remote anymore. No wonder that the Bengalis at U Nu s time did not register….
Interesting also that Rakhine by taking over Chittagong and there are old songs and like the Marmar races from Bago original were taken by the Rakhine King to administer as Nobel people these new territories,– they also included the Bengalis living there as Rakhine.
When Burma took over the Rakhine Kingdome sure they also took Chittagong and also took over the Bengalis living there,= Myanmar / Burmese and before the Rakhines were the one which first made Bengalis their salves and " citizen " …. So a home made problem, Burma and Rakhine just harvest the Fruits they planted by them self.
How about the history not too far from present time, such as world war 2 and stuatiion in Arakan State at that time. Does any one know V-force and 20, 000 Arakanese civillians which include women, children were slaughter, Buddhist monisteries were burnt down. Who are the V-force under captain Irwin? British government definately regreat the history will return to visit them. Until now British government has not say a word about those crime.
Tom's comments is very interesting. British gov knows everything about the history of Arakan in colonial time. But they shut up their mouths.
They have strong record about the area and the people in Arakan.
But they are dead silent now.
I agreed. British messed up everywhere they had been. I am sure that Arakan kings used some Bengali as slaves and permitted to live on his land. In that case, it is clear that they are not from Myanmar. The issue now is those who enter to Myanmar illegally and cause problems. Moreover, the world is informed with wrong information by international medias.
Dr. Leider's clarification has SOME SALT for that matter.
The Muslims living in Arakan State are welcome as long as they don't CHINE the Rohingya SONG/THEME for a start and forever as well.
However, for those ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS from Bangladesh the SONG/STORY WOULD BE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT.
Of course Maung Myint PROMISING to ACCEPT 400,000 ethnic Bangalis in Burma is OUT OF TUNE, much less CONSENSUS of the people of Burma as well.
He is under OBLIGATION and DUTY BOUND as well to PUT THE MATTER in the PARLIAMENT before SHOOTING AIR through his ASS I say.
Rakhines are NATIVES of BURMA since centuries ago until today. Any bets?
And Rohingyas are NO NATIVES of BURMA lest those people CALLING for a HOME STATE for the ROHINGYAS in Burma forget.
Hence Rohingyas have NO CLAIMS for ANY PLACE in Arakan State much less western Rakhine under both man and God's law I say.
It is clearly stated that during the years of Myanmar (Burmese) governors and initial period of British colonial rule, the Chittagonias came to the Mayu area as seasonal laborers and usually went back to their homeland, Chittagong region, just across the River Naaf. One can read in the records that afterwards, since a handful have illegally migrated into the area, the Muslim population burst into horrible numbers because of the economic and political policies of colonial government. U Hla Htwann Pru, a leading Rakhine statesman, in his book entitled "The Treausre-Trove of Rakhine Sate", wrote that during the British regime, an enquiry commission headed by Commissioner James Ester was formed and empowered to make enquires about illegal immigration of Chittagonians into Sittwe (Akyb) district rising to alarming numbers and that the report warned if no drastic action would be taken , racial turmoils would follow soon. The warning came true as ethnic conflicts followed during World War II so that native Rakhines suffered untold miseries due to the open border- crossing policy of colonialists.
A Former commissioner of Rakhine (Arakan) Division, U Htin Phat (Writer Maung Htin) wrote the following lines regarding the move taken by Chittagonian Musilms residing on the other side of Naaf river to form a separate zone in the region and due to the immigration and emigration policy of post-independence government led to "Mujahid" rebellion.
"…..post-war policy of Chittagonions is to migrate and settle in the new area along the Maya mountain range and Kalapanzin river valley east of Naaf river.The person who initiated and incited the movement is a Chittagonian who have lived in Rakhine (Arakan) Division for many years. He has already organized and prepared would-be settlers to migrate into the area in large numbers. However, soon after Myanmar's Independence, the situation turned the other way round. At that time, as Myanmar government took serious consideration of border crossings, no mass migrations could be executed. As a result, "Mujahid" rebellion started and grew in numbers and rebel leader Cassim became well-known."
During the reign of the AFPFL government, a similar plot was hatched by a group of educated Muslim leaders to create the Muslim state in the area for the illegally settled Muslims. They coined a new term "Rohingya", wrote and propagated a fake theory as if they were an indigenous race of Myanmar inhabited in the country for nearly a thousand years. The newly-coined term attracted the attention of educated Rakhines soon after its debut in 1950. They strongly refused the term (Rohingya) in contemporary journals and magazines.
Jack Leider simply said Rohingya was mentioned in a book written by Dr Francis Buchanan who had never been to Rakhine mainland. He visited Chittagong when it was already occupied by the British and also traveled to Ava on a mission. In his book a name Rooinga was described a couple of times and he went on to say their dialect was a bit different than those of Banga and Rossawn. It was assumed local folks from Chittagong area were still using Arakan as their country even after Arakan kingdom was destroyed by the Burmans and Chittagong became part of Mogol empire and eventually invaded by the British. That might be the reason how Dr Buchanan got the name Rooinga who claimed that they were native people of Arakan. To be exact, they were natives of Chittagong region which happened to be part of Arakan kingdom.
Here,We would like to read Maung Kyaw Nu's comment.Mr.Scholar Kyaw Nu,please make us enlightened with your lies and fabricating stories;at least,launch a counter-attack to Dr. Jacques P. Leider.
This is the most uninformative interview I have read in recent memory.
What kind of serious historian or academic uses empty statements like "Let me put it diplomatically like this—a very strong emotional reaction" and "Apparently, it seems that they are growing faster" when attempting to illuminate the current situation and underlying causes of the subject on which he is being interviewed?
I am not familiar with Dr. Leider's research, but from this interview I get the impression that he doesn't have or is hesitant to share any real insights on "the recent sectarian strife in western Burma".
Francis Buchanan's 'Rooingas' and 'Rossawns'
Dr. Francis Buchanan, a Scottsman working as a surgeon at the British East India Company, was the one and only person who mentioned the names 'Rooingas'and 'Rossawns' in his book, the closest name to 'Rohingya' as a linguistic survey. However he described those people as both Hindus and Muslimsand their languages as dialects of Bengali. Furthermore, Francis Buchanan wrote very clearly that they are called Kala or Strangers orForeigners by the real natives of Arakan, i.e. Arakanese or Rakhaings . (See Buchanan, Francis, A comparative vocabulary of some of the languages spoken in the Burmese Empire. In: Asiatick Researchers or Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal for inquiring into the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia. V: 219-240, 1801.)
I (KMS) will cite Buchanan:"I shall now add three dialects, spoken in the Burman Empire, but evidently derived from the language of the Hindu nation. The first is that spoken by the Mohammedans, who have long settled in Arakan, and who call themselves Rooinga, or natives of Arakan. The second dialect is that spoken by the Hindus of Arakan. I procured it from a Brahmen and his attendants,who had been brought to Amarapura by the king's eldest son, on hisreturn from the conquest of Arakan. They call themselves Rossawn, and, for what reason I do not know, wanted to persuade me that theirs was the common language of Arakan. Both these tribes, by the real natives of Arakan, are called Kulaw Yakain,or stranger Arakan."
I (KMS) would like to give the following explanation why British ColonialOfficers never recorded these so-called 'Rooingas and Rosswans':
Dr.Franscis Buchanan wrote very clearly that hemet those people in Amarapura (ie. the capital of the Burmese Empirethen) and NOT in Arakan. They were taken to Burma as slaves or prisoners. All historical records and chronicles unanimously stated that the Burmese Crown Prince had taken about 30000 Arakanese and some of their slaves as forced labours to Burma. It is very clear that Arakanese (Rakhaings) became slaves of Burmese and these Bengali slaves of the Arakanese became automatically "the Slaves of the Slaves". Thepopulation of these 'Slaves of the Slaves' might be very few. Later,most probably these 'Slaves of the Slaves' were assimilated and engulfed into the Muslims and Hindus living in Upper Burma, who were the subjects of the Burmese king. That's why these names disappearedwhen British annexed Upper Burma in 1885. Apart from that Dr. Buchanan stated very clearly that they were Strangers in Arakan andNOT Natives!
If these groups who called themselves as 'Rooingas' and 'Rossawns' were still in Arakan until 1826 or after that, these names might have been mentioned by the British Colonial Officers in their administrative and research papers!
British officers in Bengal recorded that, after the downfall of the Arakanesekingdom many Arakanese, some Hindus and Muslims crossed the borderand seeked asylum on British soil. They neither mentioned 'Rooingas'nor 'Rossawns'!
In contrast, even Buchanan wrote in his other book: "Puran Bisungri was an officer of the Police Station of Ramoo what is called Panwah by the Arakanese. He was a Hindu, born in Arakan and fled the country after Burmese invasion of 1784". "Puran says that, in one day soon after the conquest of Arakan the Burmans put 40,000 men to Death: that wherever they found a pretty Woman, they took her after killing the husband; and the young Girls they took without any consideration of their parents, and thus deprived these poor people of the property, by which in Eastern India the aged most commonly support their infirmities. Puran seems to be terribly afraid, that the Government of Bengal will be forced to give up to the Burmans all the refugees from Arakan". (See Buchanan, Francis. Francis Buchanan in Southeast Bengal (1798): His Journey to Chittagong, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Noakhali and Comilla. Dhaka: Dhaka University Press., 1992)
Now about the third group mentioned by Dr. Buchanan: "The last dialect of the Hindustaneewhich I shall mention, is that of a people called, by the Burmans, Aykobat, many of them are slaves at Amarapura. By one of them I was informed, that they had called themselves Banga; that formerly they had kings of their own ; but that, in his father's time, their kingdom had been overturned by the king of Munnypura,who carried away a great part of the inhabitants to his residence. When that was taken last by the Burmas, which was about fifteen years ago, this man was one of the many captives who were brought to Ava.
He said also, that Bangawas seven days' journey south-west from Munnypura: it must, therefore, be on the frontiers of Bengal, and may, perhaps, be the country called in our maps Cashar.'
Forthat version the present author likes to give the followingexplanation:
Since Alaungphaya (Alaungphara) re-established the Burmese empire, he and his successors invaded and annexed almost all neighbouring kingdoms including Siam, Langxiam, Assam, Manipur, Mon and Rakhaing etc.etc..
I tis very possible that a small dukedom north of Bengal was annexed into Manipur and some of the inhabitants were taken as slaves to Manipur. When Manipur became a feudatory state of the Burmese empire then, these slaves were either given as tribute to the Ava Empire or taken by the Burmese as slaves. However, it is not easy to trace aBurmese word which can be close to 'Aykobat' mentioned by Buchanan! The closest term could be "Akkabat". During Bodaw Phaya's Era, a new minister post "Akkabat Myin Wun" (literal translation: "Minister of Akkabat Cavalry") was created for his protégé Myat Htin, however, in fact, he was the Chief of all Cavalries. Almost all of the soldiers in Akkabat Cavalry were Manipuris. Most probably, Dr. Buchanan meant Akkabat!! A subtribe of Manipuris were called "Kathei" or "Kasai" in Burmese, which most probably was the corruption of Cashar meant by Buchanan.
This group 'Aykobat' too were most probably assimilated and engulfed into the Manipuris, Katheis and Hindus living in Upper Burma, who were the subjects of the Burmese king.
Why did they call themselves Rooingas and Rossawns?
In Burma, there are two big ethnic communities of alien origin, namely of the Chinese and of the people from the Subcontinent (British India) who are named 'Tayoke' and 'Kala' respectively by the Burmese. In these two communities, though 'Tayoke' are assimilated into the Burmese and Buddhist community easier and faster, they are still happy and proud to be called 'Tayoke', rather than 'Bama', just to keep their own ethnic identity. However, 'Kala', regardless of their faith either Hindus or Muslims, are lesser assimilated into the Burmese and Buddhist community. Despite of that fact, they want to name themselves as 'Bama' or 'Mon' or 'Shan' or 'Karen' etc. etc. due to the area where they reside, rather than their own ethnic identity 'Kala'! It happens most probably because of the term 'Kala' which means black or dark in Indic languages like Hindi, Urdu, Bengali etc.etc.
In any case, the term 'Kala' do not have derogatory meaning in Burmese because the etymology of the word Kala (written Kula) can be traced back from the Pali word Kula meaning "noble race" (this is a short form of Kula Putta which means "son of the noble race"). The word was used for the Indians (People from the subcontinent) by the early Buddhist people of Burma (Mons, Burmese, Arakanese, Karens and Shans etc.) because Lord Buddha himself was an Indian.
Although the word Kala has a harmless meaning, the people from thesubcontinent do not like to be called Kala. They feel insulted because the word Kala means "coloured" or "blackie"in their Indic languages such as Hindi, Urdu and Bengali. Inparticular, Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis living in Burma often complain to foreigners, especially to non-Burmese Burma Scholars that they feel discriminated by the people of Burma,especially by the Bamas (the Burmese), the Rakhines (the Arakanese), Shan and the Mons, calling them Kala (meaning "blackie" intheir own interpretation). Such a misinterpretation was never intended by the people of Burma (the Burmese, Mons, Karens, Shans andArakanese/Rakhines etc.), in fact, on reflection some people from Northern India and Pakistan are much fairer in complexion than some people of Burma, especially some Mons, Burmese and Arakanese/Rakhaings!!
Forthe above-mentioned reason, almost all of the 'Kala' in Burma name themselves either 'Bama' or Karen or Shan or Mon etc. etc. regardless of whether they are assimilated into the native society or not!. In the light of this explanation, as a parallel case, it is very easy to conclude why those two groups met by Dr. Francis Buchanan named themselves 'Rooinga' and 'Rossawn' although they were called 'KalawYakain' (Kala Yakain or Aliens in Rakhaing Land) by the real natives of Arakan (ie. Arakanese or Rakhaings). It is clear that these two groups interviewed by Buchanan too did not want to be named 'Kala' regardless of whether they were assimilated into the native society or not! In Bengali language, the country Arakan is called either 'Rohan' or 'Rosan' and the people, that means the real natives of that land, the Arakanese or the Rakhaings, are called 'Rohanja' or' Rosawnga' due to the dialects (most probably Roo-in and Rosssawn; Rooinga and Rossawnga accordingly in Buchanan's ears!). As mentioned earlier, 'Rohingya' is a name used by the Bengalis to denote a Rakhine –a Buddhist Rakhine or an Arakanese. In other words, 'Rohingya' and 'Magh' are the synonyms in Bengali and it gives the meaning Arakanese or Rakhaingthar. I have to conclude, these two groups 'hijacked' or 'kidnapped' the name of the real natives of Arakan (Rakhaings) in Bengali language!!
I would like to challenge for a debate with Dr. Jacques P. Leider ,I think Awakyunetha gave him a lot of money .
Hay David,
Go and Challenge Dr. Leider but don't accuse him. He is a pure international scholar and expert on Rakhine history. In order to get complete pictures of Rakhine, he studied all archives of Dutch, Portuguese, British, and old records of Burmese and Rakhine. No one can buy this kind of scholar. Rohingya who created false accounts of their history cannot stand this true history. It is clear who is who by seeing all of these comments.
Thanks to Dr. Jacques P.Leider,
because he is of mine who studies the history of professional educators.
Well done to save the Ethnic Rohingyas,
finally unravel the history of the Rohingyas.
Why is the government of Myanmar and Rakhines envy the Rohingyas?
Muslims in Myanmar do not like violence,
they also do not like racism. they just want a peaceful Country and moving towards progress,
once again I am grateful to truth and justice.
I would appreciate to Dr. Jacques P.Leider.
and hope that the Myanmar government to open courtrooms of justice.
It is not more than learning to live with mutual tolerance. Because the reality strongly recommends to forget the history which is not very clear and obviously manipulated. If we are truly seeking peace and development in the inflamed region of Arakan, we have to stop all these nonsenses and forgive each other. Because we are all humans living together in the same place for generations and we have tried all sorts of hatred, rejection and racism. So let's try to apply the opposite approaches. Let's give a trial of love, respect and tolerance and see what happens next.
Racial incitement is a crime and police have the duty to make criminal investigation and court of law will make prosecution.
It is simple. Moslem who lived in Arakanese states can not simply be kicked out from the land. They have to be accepted by local people. The forigners who choose to live in the Burma must love the Burma. They must not offend the host country who politely accept them to build the multi-racial vibrant society. Surely if one Moslem utter bad thing about Burma, forget about attempt to set up the separate land/ states, it can be investigated by police and rule of law will take its course. The same apply to local people who does not accept the integration and stands the racist attitudes.
If we have rule of law, immigration depatment will control all port of entries effectively, police will do their duty properly, and court will never ever label the political opponents with secret prosecution.
What does the Burmese people want?
What does the Moslem people in Rakhine states want?
No foreign country can impose the immigration policy of Burma if Burma gats the respectful law-abiding civilian, full-fledged democracy.
Ne Win spent almost all the state budget for his own security. Than Shwe did the same thing. Now, their selfish agenda is falling on the shoulders of Thein Sein. Long neglected border issue brings in countless illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and now they are destroying Arakan. Ne Win died without being pusnished. Than Shwe might also get away like Ne Win without paying the price. These two men deserve capital punishment for treason.
yes, I agree with you Mualcin, Burma Army Officers/Generals are very bad, mad and brainless people.
You guys are crazy! Bangladesh is way ahead of you and your primitive society. Come and check us out. Why should we go to your accursed land? Go do your homework. And please go to school!
Which school, Ahmed? Are you suggesting to go to madrassahs where violent islamists who are disgrace to Islam rule? Did Muahammad (sm) ever teach manipulation of religion or the history of a people? As a responsible citizen of the world, and also the responsible citizen as Muslims, we have to understand logic behind our every move. Did rohingyas who started killing, arson, rape and burning of Buddhist monasteries act as responsible Muslims? rohingya or not, they are disgrace to all the muslims in the world. it is our moral duty to criticize their unislamic acts, not support their insane behaviour. we as human beings came to this world not to be violent and kill others, but establish peace, whether we are a Muslim, a Budedhist, a Christian, a Hindyu, a Jew, or whatever. No religion taught people to kill others, torch monasteries and rape women. supporting the rohingya killers and arsonists, rapists, mean you are not on the side of the law.
What are you really expect ? You think you can do whatever you want in our country ? Try to realize and civilize , we will never give Myanmar citizen on this way, you traitor . If you want Rakhine State to become Muslim State , we will never and ever give part of our county to Rohingya. This is our country we will protect until we die.
During the Paliamentary governments, there were some MPs from Maungdaw and Buthithaung (I think it was called Mayyu Khayine). The people were called Rohingyas. Gen Nay Win's Revolutionay Council Government started Nagamin Operation and started persecution against the Rohingyas. Present incidence is just a continuation of the Nagamin Operation. Many decades of Military Rule has brain washed people's of Burma and now even President (General) Thein Sein does not know that Rohingya are the citizens of Burma. He (President Thein Sein) must have been a junior officer when the Nagamin Operation against Rohingya people started.
Nazi chic in the new Myanmar
By Julie Masis
Link: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/OA10Ae01.html
True: If war against the Rohingya can be started by Rakhine Mogh lies, they can be stopped by historical truth that Rohingyas are Burmese ethnic people.
Split Arakan and give half to Muslim and half to Buddhist. Fair enough


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Don't worry if your kitchen stinks. The solution to your smell problem is only a shelf away.
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SSU Center for Community Engagement Strategic Plan
The Center for Community Engagement (CCE) at Sonoma State University (SSU) developed a strategic plan for 2008-2013. A diverse Strategic Planning Committee comprised of students, faculty, staff, administrators and community partners played a leadership role in this process, with substantial input and feedback from a variety of constituents. The Strategic Action Committee has created a working draft of SSU CCE priorities: Addendum to Strategic Plan.
We deeply appreciate everyone's valuable time, wisdom and contributions to this intentionally inclusive process—and we look forward to working toward our goals together.
If you have any questions or comments, please email us.
Strategic Action Committee Members
- Farid Farahmand, Engineering
- Vince Harper, Community Action Partnership of Sonoma County
- Claudia Luke, SSU Nature Preserves & Field Stations
- Anne Pierce, SSU Time Exchange Club
- Deva Proto, Sonoma County Assessor's Office
- Bill Silver, Business & Economics
- Genevieve Sullivan, Join Us Making Progress
- Rich Whitkus, Academic Programs
- Tim Wandling, English
- CCE Contacts


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Please click on the link below to download the latest version. Thanks!
WASHINGTON -- Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernake addressed Congress Tuesday.
He said the economy still hasn't reached bottom, but he's cautiously optimistic that it will see improvements by the end of the year.
"We continue to expect economic activity to bottom out, then to turn up later this year," Bernanle told lawmakers. "Hey elements of this forecast are assessments that the housing market are beginning to stabilize and that the sharp inventory liquidation that's been in progress will slow over the next few quarters. Final demand should also be supported by fiscal and monetary stimulus. An important caveat is that our forecast assumes gradual repair of the financial system."
Bernanke's comments come on the heels of some good news on the economic front. Wall Street is out of the red for 2009. New home sales and spending on construction is up. The positive signs have more people asking if the worst is behind us.
Sounds of Recovery?
Construction workers are busy building 1,100 new homes in a south Raleigh subdivision in North Carolina.
Click the player to watch the report from CBN News Washington Correspondent John Jessup followed by Pat Robertson's comments about the economy and inflation.
Serena Rudor, who lives across the street from the work site, doesn't seem to mind.
The sound of construction is music to her ears.
"It's better for us to have everything done as soon as possible," she said.
Good News For Wall Street
Nationally, new reports showed construction spending and pending home sales grew in the month of March and that was good news for Wall Street, bringing the S & P 500 up 3.4 percent.
The Dow Jones industrial average was also up by more than 200 points, finishing above 8, 400 for the first time since January.
Overall, stocks are now up 34 percent since their lowest levels in March, showing investors feel encouraged about the state of the economy.
"The market is building on all these little indicators that are coming in, all these little signals showing that maybe, just maybe, the recession, the worst part, is behind us," said Hilliard Lyons Floor Trader Alan Valdez.
Last week, the Fed said although the economy is still contracting, it detected signs that the recession is loosening its firm grip.
Another hopeful sign, stress tests for the nation's largest banks are expected to show that they are in reasonably good shape - and the ones who need more capital will be given six months to do it.
Recovery Still Forecast for 2009
Some economists are hopeful that the economy is stabilizing and could even mount a recovery in the second half of 2009.
"I'm hopeful and increasingly confident that businesses will stop cutting their payrolls as aggressively as all of the policy really begins to have an impact," said Moody's Economy.com's Mark Zandi.
"We'll have five percent unemployment again, but this has been a real shock to the system," said Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. "I mean if you have a major heart attack, you don't jump on your feet the next day."
The bad news is the job market lags behind when it comes to recovery and it takes time to catch up. And things will get worse before they get better. Unemployment is expected to fall right under nine percent for April and ten percent by the end of the year. The reason? Companies won't feel confident about hiring until they are comfortable that the recovery is in full swing.
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The "Trump train" was derailed in Wisconsin as voters in the Badger State gave Ted Cruz a major victory over "The Donald." The big question now is – are the Republicans headed for a contested convention this summer?


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Publishing is important for an artist/writer/producer in being financially secure from their works. So below we'll look at "How it works" regarding the accounting methods of publishing. I've decided to introduce this segment called "How it works" to the readership on our site Amaru Don TV, so you can get a feel of how things work from the professional point of view.
Most publishers will account to the writer on a semiannual basis usually within 90 days so that for the six months period ending 30th June in each year a statement will be delivered at the end of September and for the six months period ending 31st December a statement will be delivered at the end of the following March. The writer will, of course, receive his share of performance income direct from the PRS. The PRS account quarterly although there are only two main distributions in each year.
In the case of a record deal there may be lengthy delays before royalties (particularly in relation to foreign sales) actually come through the "pipeline". Publishing income is prone to still longer delays mainly as a result of the inefficiencies of the various collection societies. The record company in the territory concerned will pay mechanical royalties to the local mechanical copyright collection society. In turn, the local society will then pay the UK publisher's subpublisher.
The subpublisher should then pay the UK publisher although it is important for the writer to establish that the UK publisher's subpublishing arrangements are structured so that the UK publisher will receive accountings direct from the overseas subpublisher (i.e. so that no unnecessary link has been added to the chain). By way of example, in relation to records sold in Germany the German record company for a record sold in December may only account to GEMA (the German collection society) in January the following year.
GEMA account quarterly within thirty days so that the payment would fall within the first quarter of the year and be due for payment by GEMA to the local subpublisher in April. If the German subpublisher accounts to the UK publisher on a quarterly basis the money (having been received during the second quarter) will be due within say sixty days of the end of that quarter so that the UK publisher would receive payment at the end of August.
If the UK publisher accounts to the writer semiannually then payment would not be due until the end of March the following year (a total period since the income arose of some sixteen months). Inefficiencies and delays often result in a period of perhaps two years or more before foreign royalties finally work their way through the system.
The writer should ensure that the contract contains appropriate rights of audit. An audit of a publishing company tends to be far less complicated than a record company audit but nevertheless it is prudent periodically to carry out an audit. If a writer's royalty account is unrecouped so that the audit is unlikely to give rise to any additional payment then it may be sensible to delay carrying out the audit. The writer should be careful not to fall foul of restrictions in the agreement to the effect that accounting statements are to be deemed accepted and no longer subject to any objection after a given period (usually two or three years). Generally, it is a simple matter to persuade the publisher to extend any objection period to allow any audit to be deferred.
Written by Lee Thompson
Read "The value of publishing Income" here
Check out below Amaru Don TV interview with Bryan-Micheal Cox on publishing


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Huckleberry F---
Alan Gribben aims to make Mark Twain "acceptable."
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is a favorite target for book-banners, Publisher's Weekly notes: "For decades, it has been disappearing from grade school curricula across the country, relegated to optional reading lists, or banned outright, appearing again and again on lists of the nation's most challenged books, and all for its repeated use of a single, singularly offensive word: 'nigger.' "
"In the new classroom, it's really not acceptable," explains Alan Gribben, a Twain scholar and professor of English at Alabama's Auburn University at Montgomery. Taking on censorship through appeasement, he has produced a new, bowdlerized version of "Huck Finn" that "does away with the 'n' word (as well as the 'in' word, 'Injun') by replacing it with the word 'slave.' "
The obvious objection to Gribben's plan is what PW calls "academic tradition, in which allegiance to the author's intent is sacrosanct." But Gribben was persuaded to "turn his back" on this principle because of "his involvement with the National Endowment for the Arts' Big Read Alabama."
So government funding of the arts has produced the literary equivalent of those Hollywood movies sanitized for television or in-flight viewing, such as the version of "Snakes on a Plane" (not an in-flight favorite, to be sure) in which Samuel L. Jackson exclaims: "Enough is enough! I have had it with these monkey-fighting snakes on this Monday-to-Friday plane!"
But there are less obvious objections as well. For one, even before emancipation, not every black person was a slave--and not every black person in "Huckleberry Finn" was either. Consider this passage, from Chapter 6, in which Huck is quoting his father's drunken rant:
"Oh, yes, this is a wonderful govment, wonderful. Why, looky here. There was a free nigger there from Ohio--a mulatter, most as white as a white man. He had the whitest shirt on you ever see, too, and the shiniest hat; and there ain't a man in that town that's got as fine clothes as what he had; and he had a gold watch and chain, and a silver-headed cane--the awfulest old gray-headed nabob in the State. And what do you think? They said he was a p'fessor in a college, and could talk all kinds of languages, and knowed everything. And that ain't the wust. They said he could vote when he was at home. Well, that let me out. Thinks I, what is the country a-coming to? It was 'lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn't too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this country where they'd let that nigger vote, I drawed out. I says I'll never vote agin. . . ."
Applied to this passage, Gribben's political correction would yield "a free slave," a contradiction in terms. There's no indication that the gentleman being described was a freed slave--that is, a former slave--either. We suppose in this context it would make literal sense to have Pap rant about "a free African-American there from Ohio," but this doesn't really capture the spirit of the passage, does it?
Another problem, as Abe Greenwald notes, is that the word "slave" isn't politically correct either. Greenwald once worked in educational publishing, and he recalls an assignment in which he helped edit a third-grade history textbook for a Southern school district: "A directive came from on high: the chapters on slavery, the Civil War, and the Reconstruction had to be reworked. There was, we were told, excessive use of a forbidden word. Dare to guess? Slave. The term, you see, was dehumanizing and had to be replaced with 'enslaved person.' "
The reason the word "slave" is dehumanizing, of course, is that slavery was dehumanizing. That is the didactic message of "Huck Finn" as well. To soften this message is to promote ignorance, not knowledge.
To illustrate the point, consider this howler from a New York Times editorial yesterday denouncing Republicans for reading the Constitution on the House floor: "Certainly the Republican leadership is not trying to suggest that African-Americans still be counted as three-fifths of a person."
African-Americans were never counted as three-fifths of a person. Slaves were. The fellow from Ohio whose right to vote Pap disparaged would also have been counted fully in the decennial census. The three-fifths provision has been a nullity since 1865, when the 13th Amendment was ratified. But the Times either is using "African-Americans" as a euphemism for "slaves" or is simply ignorant about what the Constitution says.
More likely the latter, for the Times editors seem to believe that counting slaves as fractional persons was meant as an insult. In fact, delegates from slave states sought to maximize their representation in Congress by counting slaves as full persons. Delegates from free states didn't want slaves to count at all. "The three-fifths compromise meant that the ill-gotten gains of slavery were no longer solely financial but that slaveholders were to receive political gains as well," observes Seth Lipsky in "The Citizens Constitution."
The original Constitution, it should be noted, does not use the word "slave." Nor does it use any racial designation. Here is the actual language of the three-fifths clause, which appears in Article I, Section 2:
Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.
Not slaves--"other Persons." In drafting this passage, the Founding Fathers were acting as the Alan Gribbens of their day, using euphemism to make a morally objectionable institution seem more palatable. If Gribben really wants to make Twain "acceptable," maybe he should go all the way: " 'There was a free other Person there from Ohio . . .' "
Two Veterans in One!
- "During the Vietnam War, I was what filmmaker Michael Moore would call a 'deserter.' Along with President Bush and countless other young men, I joined the National Guard, did my six months of active duty (basic training, etc.) and then returned to my home unit, where I eventually dropped from sight. In the end, just like President Bush, I got an honorable discharge. But unlike President Bush, I have just told the truth about my service. He hasn't."--Richard Cohen, Washington Post, Feb. 10, 2004
- "The Vietnam War Army happened to have been my Army. I was on active duty as a reservist, not for very long but long enough for the Army to have lost all its mystery. I found the Army to be no better and no worse than other large institutions. . . . No more. I sometimes think I am the only person around who has been in the military."--Richard Cohen, Washington Post, Jan. 4, 2011
Who's Your Daddy?
Rep. Steny Hoyer of Maryland has put his foot in his mouth again. Investor's Business Daily quotes the new minority whip:
There are a whole lot of people in the Tea Party that I see in these polls who don't want any compromise. My presumption is they have unhappy families. All of you have been in families: single-parent, two-parents, whatever. Multiple parent and a stepfather. The fact is life is about trying to reach accommodation with one another so we can move forward. That is certainly what democracy is about. So if we are going to move forward compromise is necessary.
Hoyer's office put out a statement of clarification:
Mr. Hoyer clearly meant that everyone has to compromise sometimes as part of a family and that compromise is necessary to successfully govern. He obviously was not referring to the personal family life of a large group of people.
Obviously! So why did Hoyer's office need to put out a statement of clarification? It does sound to us as though Hoyer didn't mean for this to be as insulting as it came out. He wanted to call Tea Party types stubborn and ended up suggesting that they were failures in their intimate lives.
It's an odd comment, though, and not only because likening the government to a family is creepy. If you take Hoyer's clarification at face value, the implication is either that Tea Party types should be forgiving of compromising Republicans or that non-Tea Party types should be forgiving of uncompromising ones because their constituents are so bullheaded.
One Newspaper the Zionists Don't Control
Have you heard of the Falls Church News-Press? Neither have we, but it is the new home of American journalism's crazy old aunt in the attic, who, the FCNP reports, "has come out of a seven-month retirement to resume her weekly political affairs column":
In a statement also published in today's edition, News-Press owner-editor Nicholas F. Benton writes that, as one who has known Ms. Thomas since 1991, "She is progressive, and following my more than eight hours of direct, one-on-one talks with her since the events of last June, I remain firmly convinced that she is neither bigoted, nor racist, nor anti-Semitic."
Benton spent eight hours alone with Helen Thomas? That's almost enough to make us feel sorry for the guy, although our sympathy is tempered by his failure to spot the dangling modifier in the preceding passage.
Here's how the FCNP describes the circumstances of Thomas's departure from her last job:
Last June 6, Thomas retired the day after she was asked to make impromptu remarks about Israel in the wake of news that Israeli commandos had boarded a ship on a humanitarian mission to Gaza and killed numerous civilians.
The description of the ship's mission as "humanitarian" and people on board as "civilians" is highly tendentious, but the assertion that Thomas made the comments in question on June 5, "in the wake of" the incident is simply inaccurate. As we noted at the time, Thomas made her ugly statements on May 27, before the incident with the Gaza-bound ship.
The story continues:
In his statement today, News-Press editor Benton writes of that incident, "Ms. Thomas' comments were intemperate and inappropriate, as she conceded afterward. . . . Her remarks in June were in response to a question about Israel, not Jews, and were intended to mean that in these times, Jewish people are free to live wherever they wish, because the era of anti-Jewish persecution is ended. That was not adequately expressed because of the impromptu nature of the incident."
The FCNP doesn't tell its readers what Thomas said, which is that Israelis should "go home" to "Poland, Germany . . . and America, and everywhere else." Nor does it make any mention of her more recent statement, made to an Arab-American organization just last month: "Congress, the White House, and Hollywood, Wall Street, are owned by the Zionists."
We'd love to hear Nick Benton's translation of that one.
Global Warmist Crab Antics
"Thousands of dead crabs have washed up along the Kent coast, with environmental experts believing the cold weather in Britain is to blame," London's Daily Mail reports. That can only mean one thing: global warming! Seriously, that is what these guys are claiming:
The Velvet swimming crabs--also called devil crabs--are thought to be victims of Britain's coldest December in 120 years, which left sea temperatures much lower than average. . . . Coastal warden Tony Sykes said: "We suspect that climate change and warmer weather has lured the crabs towards the shoreline. . . ."
So this isn't the same ridiculous claim we've been hearing lately, that global warming causes cold weather. Rather, the problem here seems to be that the crabs made the mistake of believing in global warming.
Homer Nods
Five congressmen received a single vote each in the election of the speaker of the House, not six as we wrote in an item yesterday (since corrected).
Also, yesterday we received an email from Mitch Stewart of Organizing for America, informing us that "the Affordable Care Act"--ObamaCare--"did not pass because of a partisan or ideological agenda." We regret the error.
Out on a Limb
- "[Rep. Steve] Israel's confidence could shift over the next two years--in an optimistic or pessimistic way--as political events unfold between now and 2012."--TheHill.com, Jan. 6
- "Nancy Pelosi Might Just Be Insane"--headline, HumanEvents.com, Jan. 5
We Blame Global Warming
"For Apartments, a Hot Winter"--headline, The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 6
With DNC in Mind, City Bans Carrying Urine, Feces
"Gibbs Plans a White House Toilet Paper Roll if Auburn Wins"--headline, USA Today website, Jan. 6
It May Be Wider Than You Thought
"Palin's Retweet of Gay Radio Host's DADT Comment Sparks Speculation Over Stance"--headline, Washington Post, Jan. 5
'You Remember--It Was the Big Building and Everyone Was Shouting'
"Premier Must Recall Parliament"--headline, BigPond.com (Australia), Jan. 5
The Lonely Lives of Scientists
"Help Scientists Probe Yorkshire Quake by Telling Them if the Earth Moved for You"--headline, East Riding (England) Mail, Jan. 5
The Lonely Life of Ann Woolner
"Hedge Funds' Insider Tips Are Like Paying for Sex: Ann Woolner"--headline, Bloomberg, Jan. 4
Generalissimo Francisco Franco Is Still Dead
" 'Pinkerton's Law of Political Regression' Remains in Force"--headline, National Review Online, Jan. 5
Himmler Had Something Similar
"No-Ball Umpire Riles the Aussies"--headline, London Evening Standard, Jan. 4
Hey, Kids! What Time Is It?
- "It May Be Time to Get Rid of the RNC and DNC"--headline, U.S. News & World Report website, Jan. 6
- "It's Hillary Time"--headline, TheAtlantic.com, Jan. 6
Questions Nobody Is Asking
- "Is Darrell Issa the New Joe McCarthy?"--headline, Washington Post website, Jan. 5
- "Can Quantum Mechanics Cure the Flu?"--headline, Israel21c.org, Jan. 4
- "What Will They Call Themselves if They Can't Use 'Liberal' or 'Progressive?' "--headline, WashingtonExaminer.com, Jan. 5
- "Does Justin Bieber Get Away With Sexual Objectification Because He's a Boy?"--headline, Time.com, Jan. 4
- "Why Shouldn't Pimp's Clients Sweat?"--headline, Detroit Free Press, Jan. 6
- "Will John Roberts Drink the 'Fox News Kool-Aid?' "--headline, MediaMutters.org, Jan. 5
Answers to Questions Nobody Is Asking
- "Jim DeMint Says Hell No"--headline, PowerLineBlog.com, Jan. 5
- " 'I'm Gay,' Says Boston Herald Sports Columnist Buckley"--headline, Poynter.org, Jan. 6
Dogs Found in Bug Food--Now That Would Be News
"Beaverton Pet Owners Warn of Bugs Found in Dog Food"--headline, Northwest Cable News website (Seattle), Jan. 5
Chicago Man to Be Barack Obama's New Chief of Staff--Now That Would Be News
"Chicago Woman to Be Michelle Obama's New Chief of Staff"--headline, Chicago Sun-Times, Jan. 5
Look Out Below!
- "Government Representatives Drop Out of Fort Lauderdale Radical Muslim Conference"--headline, Americans Against Hate press release, Jan. 5
- "Unruly Russian Hockey Team Kicked Off NY Flight"--headline, Associated Press, Jan. 6
Too Much Information
"Obama White House Sheds Some of Its Hard Men and Nancy Pelosi Makes an Ungracious Exit"--headline, Daily Telegraph website (London), Jan. 5
News of the Oxymoronic
"Random Pellet Shots Target Lake County Cars, Buses"--headline, WTHR-TV website (Indianapolis), Jan. 6
Breaking News From 1859, 1881, 1889, 1895, 1917, 1947, 1953, 1995
"Republicans Take Control of US House of Representatives"--headline, BBC website, Jan. 5
Breaking News From 1978
"Israeli, Egyptian Leaders to Discuss Peacemaking"--headline, Associated Press, Jan. 6
Bottom Stories of the Day
- "Arlington Hts. Car Dealer Still in Business"--headline, Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Ill.), Jan. 5
- "Elizabeth Edwards Leaves John Edwards Out of Her Will"--headline, Politico.com, Jan. 5
Bobos in the Press Room
Who will replace Robert Gibbs, leaving his post as White House press secretary? Politico rounds up the usual suspects--and an unusual one:
Unlikely, but not implausible--David Brooks is one of the few columnists Obama is known to read with respect, making him a rare media figure the White House likes. Before he was president, Obama called the New York Times writer "one of my favorite conservatives."
Just as President George W. Bush plucked Fox News's Tony Snow out of the media world in 2006, a Brooks briefing isn't totally unimaginable. And it doesn't hurt that he works for the administration's most preferred periodical. After all, with a new Republican majority in the House, isn't Obama looking for an era of bipartisanship and compromise?
That would be awfully entertaining. But you know who would be even more entertaining as press secretary? Thomas Friedman. Imagine the scene:
Q: Do you have any comment on the new unemployment figures?
Friedman: The president believes that the Republicans drove the car into a ditch. It all goes back to a well-known concept in strategic theory: how to win a game of chicken between two drivers barreling head on at one another. If you are one of the drivers, the best way to win is, before the race even starts, to take out a screwdriver and very visibly unscrew your steering wheel and throw it out the window. The message to the other driver is: ''Hey, I'd love to chicken out and get out of your way, but I just threw out my steering wheel--so unless you want to crash head on, you better get out of the way.''
So the Republicans drove the car into the ditch, and now we're like a patient that just got out of intensive care and is sitting up in bed for the first time when, suddenly, all the doctors and nurses at bedside start bickering. One of them throws a stethoscope across the room; someone else threatens to unplug all the monitors unless the hospital bills are paid by noon; and all the while the patient is thinking: "Are you people crazy? I am just starting to recover. Do you realize how easily I could relapse? Aren't there any adults here?" And the Republicans are just standing around sipping a Slurpee. Sometimes you wonder: Are we home alone?
Another possible candidate is former Enron adviser Paul Krugman. He would have the advantage of making Obama look less angry, if only by comparison.
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(Carol Muller helps compile Best of the Web Today. Thanks to Tom Elia, Paul Gross, Edward Tannen, John Bobek, Daniel Mullen, Hillel Markowitz, Marc Young, Michele Schiesser, Ed Lasky, Glenn Merritt, Mark Kellner, Zack Russ, Stan Baran, Roy Cullinan, Phil Klein, Charlie Gaylord, Dave Ceely, John Sanders, James Benenson, Evan Slatis, Ethel Fenig, Bruce Goldman, Steve Prestegard, Joel McLemore, Brian Azman, John Nernoff, David Wesolowicz and Ray Burnham. If you have a tip, write us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and please include the URL.)


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The Best Site to Find Cyber Monday Deals: FatwalletMichelle Horton
Cyber Monday deals are popping up faster than we can keep up with, and people are buzzing even more than with Black Friday sales. The reason is simple: Not only is there less elbow-jabbing, toe-stepping and push-and-shove drama on Cyber Monday, but there's a much wider availability of products on the Internet as opposed to the few doorbuster items stocked on the shelves.
And while we'll do our best to keep you up-to-date on Cyber Monday deals, there's a site that let's you compare prices, chat on forums and score exclusive coupons and cash-back deals:
Fatwallet is a community of thrifty shoppers, which makes finding the best Black Friday and Cyber Monday deals easier than ever. No more flipping through circulars, scouring the Web and signing up for sale alerts. At Fatwallet, all you have to do is put in the product or key word that you're searching for, and all of the work is done for you.
You can also find exclusive coupons, a "Best Deals" section from around the Web, as well as an updated "Live Feed" of deals as soon as they're posted by retailers, Fatwallet members and staff. For instance, get:
- Gap/Old Navy/Banana Republic: 40% off coupon TODAY ONLY
- 30% off Phillips Sonicare Flexcare at drugstore.com
- LeapFrog Learn and Groove Color Play Drum $12.99 at Amazon
- Sharp Aquos 40″ LCD HDTV reduced from $699.99 to $444.99 at Sears
Seriously, Fatwallet is one of the best tools we've found to plan Cyber Monday shopping. Also check out:
- The best Cyber Monday deals
- Win a FREE Amazon Kindle electronic reader: the most-wanted gift this year.
- Amazon kicks off Cyber Monday deals TODAY!
- The Cyber Monday sale that's selling smartphones for 1 cent.


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Silver alert issued for Villages man
Raymond Schultz last seen on Whiting Way
Published 5:50 AM EDT Jun 19, 2013
A silver alert was issued Wednesday morning for a man last seen in the Villages.
Raymond Schultz was last seen on Whiting Way wearing black shorts, brown patriotic shirt and black shoes.
He is 78-years-old, stands 5 feet 11 inches tall with gray hair and green eyes.
Investigators said Schultz may be driving a 2003 gray Pontiac G6 with Florida license tag UO68PS. The car has a dent on the right front fender.
Anyone with information on Schultz whereabouts is asked to contact authorities.
62 people who vanished in Florida
Copyright 2013 by WESH.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Micro Mini Thong Bikini
Not everybody can parade along the beach, swim, or go sunbathing in public wearing a micro mini thong bikini. Hiding only small areas of the breasts and the crotch, micro thong swimsuits leave everything else bare and unprotected. With its style and design, strong will and confidence might just not be enough to pull off your silent but glorious beach fashion show. You have got to "have what it takes." But really, what does it take to be able to wear a teeny-weeny bathing suit and give it justice?
Get rid of unsightly hair.
Aside from having the nerve and the guts to strut your body with so little on, you would need to have good waxing. If you are used to waxing yourself, go ahead and grab a home waxing kit, and get the job done. But if you do not have any idea how waxing is done, then you better get somebody else do it for you. Your favorite spa or salon might be offering that kind of service so just go and check it out. Make sure to have that superb waxing to get that clean, smooth, and hair-free skin.
Usually, bikini waxing involves removing all body hair from neck to foot, especially pubic hair. You'd most likely be asked to take off all your clothes so as to be able to strip you off those body hairs. The whole process is quite painful since it involves ripping your body hair from your skin with the use of light powder dusting, warm coat of wax, and a strip of masking paper. However, most people find the pain worth it.
Apply and reapply sun block.
You'd be leaving almost your whole skin exposed not only to everybody's eyes but also to the sun's rays. It cannot be denied that too much exposure to the sun's rays can cause damage to your skin – ugly and painful damage. So unless you want to get painful sunburn and awful marks, be sure to apply sun block with the right SPF to protect your skin
against harmful UV rays. Reapply sun block when necessary. It is better to be safe than to regret not putting on enough sunblock.
Have the spirit.
That is most important. Even if you've got the fabulous body for a micro swimwear, you would not be able to wear one unless you've got the guts to do so. It is also important that you are comfortable wearing one. What you think and what you feel are more important than what others do, so simply feel beautiful and be beautiful.


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Central Camper Inc - Birmingham, AL - Phone: (205) 781-2129
Dandy RV Inc - Parts - Birmingham, AL - Phone: (205) 833-1998
Dandy RV Inc - Sales - Birmingham, AL - Phone: (205) 833-1469
Dandy RV Inc - Service - Birmingham, AL - Phone: (205) 836-2728
H & H Spas & Pools - Birmingham, AL - Phone: (205) 836-0577
Recreational vehicle dealers, also known as RV dealers, are people who are associated with the selling of recreational vehicles. People who are interested in buying recreational vehicles can buy them from these dealers in Birmingham. The dealers not only sell new recreational vehicles, but also deal in used and second-hand vehicles.
Both motorized and towable vehicles are available for sale in such dealer shops. The dealers and manufacturers recommend buyers to attend RV shows before buying recreational vehicles, so as to gain more knowledge and to compare different models.
Governor Cuomo Announces Growth Of Clean Technology Companies And Creation Of 980 Jobs
$14 million Investment in Cleantech Business Incubator Initiative Supports the Development of 141 Clean Energy Companies across the State (Long Island, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced that 141 clean technology companies have been supported and primed for further growth through the Governor's Cleantech Business Incubator initiative. The initiative has attracted more than $215 million in private capital..


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A South African native shrub, the jade is now a common container plant, a frequent bonsai selection and an outdoor specimen plant in Mediterranean climates. While Crassula ovata is the most frequently grown jade plant, other scientific names describing the same plant include C. portulacea and C. argentea. Sturdy looking and easy-to-grow, this drought-tolerant succulent reaches a mature outdoor height of 1 to 5 feet.
Jade Plants
An easy-to-recognize succulent, jade plants have glossy green fleshy leaves, growing in opposed pairs on stubby stems. Some cultivars' leaves tinge red at the tips. Clusters of star-shaped flowers in shades of pink, purple or white cover the plant in spring, occasionally producing small red or purple fruit. The slow-growing habit results in a stout brown trunk, reaching up to 6 inches in diameter. Bushy or tree-like in growth habit, jade plant stems can be multi-trunked or clumping. Cultivars include the Silver Jade Plant (C. arborescens), Red Jade Tree (C. ovata "California Red Tip") and the variegated Tricolor Jade (C. ovate "Tricolor")
Outdoor Care
If you live in U.S Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 to 11, any month works well for setting jade outdoors. Tolerant of a wide range of soils -- so long as drainage is good --jade grows in full or part sun. Although jade is drought tolerant, it needs water whenever the surrounding soil is very dry. Temperatures below 30 degrees F can damage or kill a jade plant. If a frost is imminent, cover it with a sheet or blanket. Non-fussy shrubs, jade plants reach a mature height of 2 to 5 feet, with a 1- to 5-foot spread.
Indoor Care
Commonly grown as a houseplant, jade is low-maintenance. The main requirement is well-drained soil, such as cactus mix with added organic matter. Set your plant in a south-facing window that receives at least four hours of daily sunlight, with daytime temperatures hovering around 65 to 75 degrees F. Fertilize every three months and keep the soil moist during the spring and summer, allowing it to dry out between watering during the rest of the year. From October through November, allow the plant to rest -- add no fertilizer and restrict water intake. Although the jade grows best when root-bound, transplant it when roots make up roughly 80 percent of the soil and root mass. Indoor plants reach a mature height of 18 to 30 inches.
Like most succulents, jade is easy to propagate. Select a healthy, disease-free plant, and cut a stem at least 3 inches long, trimming the lowest leaves. Allow the wound to dry by setting the cutting in a warm place for one to two days. Tuck the cut end into a pot filled with moist sand, maintaining an even moisture level. Place the pot and cutting in a bright, sunny location with daytime temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees F. Look for sprouted roots in roughly one month, then pot up in the same type of soil as mother plant.
Pests and Diseases
When grown indoors, a jade's main problem is over-watering, leading to root rot. Mealy bugs are their most common pest, appearing as tiny cotton puffs on the leaves. Wipe them off with a cotton swab dunked in rubbing alcohol. When planted outdoors, diseases are not a major concern with jade plants, according to Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
References (4)
Resources (5)
- South African National Biodiversity Institute: Crassula Ovata
- Cornell University Department of Horticulture: Jade Plant
- United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database: Crassula
- Missouri Botanical Garden: Indoor Plants or Houseplants
- University of California Cooperative Extension: Gardening with Succulents
Photo Credits
- Ryan McVay/Lifesize/Getty Images


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FLINT, Michigan -- Students bound for the University of Michigan-Flint this fall will pay 6.5 percent more than last year, even as the economy continues to wallop area families.
The price of a Michigan education shot up Thursday as UM-Flint and the other two UM campuses started a string of expected state college tuition increases this season.
"We're doing everything we can to keep tuition increases as low as possible because we know these are difficult times for everyone," UM-Flint spokeswoman Jennifer Hogan said. "We're also concerned about maintaining the strong academic quality our university is known for."
The three Michigan campuses were the first four-year state universities to set tuition, which was approved Thursday by the UM Board of Regents.
For a typical full-time undergraduate UM-Flint student, average prices went from $3,688 a semester to $3,954. Graduate students will see a 4.9 percent increase.
The Ann Arbor campus raised prices by 5.6 percent, while Dearborn undergraduate students will see a 6.7 percent raise and graduate students will pay 3 percent more.
Michigan State University also is expected to increase tuition by 5 percent Friday, according to The Detroit News.
Hogan said only 26 percent of UM-Flint's budget now comes from the state and that fixed costs continue to escalate.
UM-Flint's tuition increases had steadily gone down over the last four years, doling out one of its biggest jumps of 11.9 percent in 2005, but dropping to a 5.9 percent increase last year.
The UM Board of Regents voted 6-2 in favor of increases at all of its campuses.
Earlier this year, Gov. Jennifer Granholm had challenged colleges to freeze their tuition in exchange for a share of the state's federal stimulus revenue.
The other local public college -- Mott Community College -- took her up on her offer in March, freezing its 2009 tuition rates for the first time in eight years.


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Legally Blonde (Bristol)
Louise Ridley • Bath, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cardiff, Exeter, Plymouth, Poole, Portsmouth, Salisbury • 19 Jul 2011
Ohmigod you guys, brace your eardrums – someone's getting engaged. Cue the squad of Malibu sorority sisters who leap into cheerleading routines, fantasise over the cut of the ring (princess, surely?) and seem to compete for who can squeal at the highest possible pitch.
In fact, ditzy Elle's boyfriend breaks up with her rather than proposing, saying she's not 'serious' enough for his future as a Harvard Law School student and senator. Devastated, she determines to join him at Harvard and win back his affections by proving that she's a Jackie, not a Marilyn. She swaps her skills in fashion merchandising for a career as a winning lawyer, flabbergasting the ex-boyfriend and, of course, realising she's much too good for him in the process.
As long as you have enough stamina to make it through the gleefully girly opening, you're hooked. The songs are big and sassy with plenty of wit – Nell Benjamin and Laurence O'Keefe's lyrics keep tongue firmly in cheek, building our affection for the characters while gently mocking them throughout the show. The title tune 'Legally Blonde' is a beautiful moment of wistful reflection for Elle as she feels all her efforts have been in vain.
As Elle, relative newcomer Faye Brookes shows great range, flashing an inane grin in Elle's unfailingly positive moments and bringing heart and vulnerability to her softer ones. Former Atomic Kitten Liz McClarnon is a lovable Paulette Buonofonté, Elle's lovelorn hairdresser who has a weakness for Irish men and a bulldog called Rufus.
With lashings of glitter and a set that transports us effortlessly between courtroom and salon, the show is visually spectacular. The dancing deserves a particular mention – Jerry Mitchell's high-energy choreography captures the infectious excitement and is performed to perfection, including brilliant full-cast routines like a flag-waving display that gets Elle into Harvard and a skipping workout in a prison.
Lyrics like "You saw beyond all the blonde, to my mind" rhyme well but have a robust, if simple message. Like Elle herself, behind the frivolity is a story of a woman finding her own way and learning that she doesn't need to follow a man to find it.
There are plenty of easy crowd-pleasers – two adorable dogs (one spends considerable time in a handbag) and Kyle the shapely UPS man who has a 'package' to deliver and his own theme music. Yet it never seems flippant - the show is ridiculous but unashamedly so, and overpowers you with its spirit. The importance of not judging a girl by her signature colour applies to the whole experience of Legally Blonde – you've just got to look a little deeper.
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John D. Bellard, Sr.
Funeral Services will be Saturday, February 5, 2011 at 11:00 AM in the Duhon Funeral Home Chapel in Crowley for John D. Bellard, Sr., 70, who passed away Monday, January 31, 2011 at 7:30 PM at the American Legion Hospital in Crowley. Fr. Jared Suire will be officiating the services.
Survivors include his wife, of fifty years Estelle I. Bellard of Crowley; one son, John "Boobie" D. and wife, Mechelle Bellard, Jr. of Morse; one daughter, Charlotte Marie Bellard of Crowley and her fiancé Terry Romero of Duson; four grandchildren, Joshua Lafosse, Krystal LeBlanc, Sasha LeBlanc and Chelsey Melancon; two step grandsons, Jessie and Matthew Stutes; four great grandchildren, Aidyn and Acyten Regan, Kyia LeBlanc and Kaylah Lafosse; one sister, Rita Pafford of Dayton, TX; four brothers, Paul Bellard of Eunice, Nathan Bellard of Kaplan, Bobbie Bellard of Lafayette, and Frank Bellard, Jr. of Franklin.
John was preceded in death by his parents, Renise and Anna Bellard; his step mom, Ruth Bellard; one brother, Brennon Bellard; infant sister.
Visitation will be Friday, 11:00 AM till 10:00 PM then 8:00 AM till time of services on Saturday. A Rosary will be recited Friday, at 6:30 in the evening in the funeral home chapel. Burial will be in Woodlawn Cemetery under the direction of Duhon Funeral Home, L.L.C. of Crowley. Please send personal condolences to www.duhonfuneralhome.com


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« DID UC THIS? Notable Links in Venture Capital, Technology, New Media, Bloggging, and Healthcare | Sacred Cow Dung Home | CONTROVERSY OF THE WEEK -- Does Size Really Matter? Google vs Yahoo »
August 09, 2005
CRITICAL UPDATE to LinkedIn Cheater's Guide (05-Aug-2005)
With the new LinkedIn release (5 August 2005) , the bulk of the Cheats listed in the Cheaters' Guide to LinkedIn are still extremely relevant.
However, your LinkedIn network reach has been trimmed back to your third degree and people are now charged to reach you (or you to reach them) if they are beyond your third degree.
The trade-off is that your profile is now visible to the entire network — but it is trimmed of your name if it is viewed beyond your third degree. And they have eliminated the "Accept Direct Contacts" option.
So what to do …
All is not lost. To work around the "InMail barrier" is easy.
All you have to do is to put your name and contact info — IN THE BODY OF YOUR PROFILE. That way, people who pull you up in their searches will still be able to contact you — even if they have used up their monthly InMail allotments.
The work around solutions are now highlighted in red as part of cheat #1 —
- List your contact info publically in the body of the profile ****
- Add you current email address, in parentheses, to your listing name field ****
For a more detailed explaination of exactly how to doctor your profile for maximum results, you should definitely take a look at Business Networking: Served HOT-- LinkedIn CheatSheet #1: How to make your name visible beyond your 3rd Degree which offers a very good step-by-step approach with illustrations.
So, with LinkedIn search engine visibility increased to the entire LinkedIn network — if you make you contact info visibile in your profile — the new LinkedIn release should work better than ever.
Life is good!
Related Posts
- analystblog: LinkedIn launches subscription features!
- Software Only: New LinkedIn good: user interface, search, contact requests and... a subscription
- LinkedIn Rolls Out Service for Serious Networkers
- LinkedIn announces new InMail service (Business)
- TJ's Weblog - LinkedIn goes Jigsaw
- The Intuitive Life Business Blog | Reinventing LinkedIn with InMail
- SiliconBeat: LinkedIn bows to reality -- shifts to promiscuous-celibate strategy
- Business, Blogging & the World of IT:LinkedIn revamps, adds new InMail service
- Charlene Li's Blog: LinkedIn Gets More Revenue Streams
- Sacred Cow Dung: LinkedIn CheatSheet #1: How to make your name visible beyond your 3rd Degree
- Sacred Cow Dung: CHEATER'S GUIDE TO LINKEDIN v 0.1
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Last Updated on 26.09.2016.
Check Your Status AFTER Document Verfication/ Medical Examination Emp. Notification No. 220-E/OpenMkt./RRC/2013. Dated 30/12/2013
Check your Status for Document Verification / Medical Examination for Emp. Notification No. 220-E/Open Market/RRC/2013 dt 30.12.2013 {Non PWD and PWD Candidates both}
Kind Attention:-VH Candidates Emp.Notice No.220-E/Open Mkt/RRC/2012 dt. 30.08.2012
Please check your status after Document verification and Medical Examination.
No more vacancy under consideration in Emp.No-220E/Open Mkt/RRC/2010
Certficates as per format (available on the website) will only be
admissible at the time of Verification.
Records of Candidates who appeared through Proxy is under
scrutiny. Strict action will be taken, as per law, in cases where fraud is


text: 1. (TCO 1) Major fructose sources include: (Points : 2) milk and cheese. nuts and honey. fruits and vegetables. breads and cereals. 2. (TCO 1) When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form: (Points : 2) table sugar. malt sugar. milk sugar. fruit sugar. 3. (TCO 1) ________ is a highly branched arrangement of glucose molecules found in liver and skeletal muscle cells. (Points : 2) Fructose Starch Glycogen Raffinose 4. (TCO 2) Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth? (Points : 2) Lactase Maltase Pancreatic amylase Salivary amylase 5. (TCO 2) How many grams of carbohydrates (per day) are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals (RDA)? (Points : 2) 75 grams 100 grams 130 grams 160 grams 6. (TCO 2) All of the following are symptoms/side effects of ketosis EXCEPT: (Points : 2) bad breath. high blood cholesterol. dehydration. acidosis (acidic pH of the blood). 7. (TCO 3) Which of the following is TRUE regarding Type I diabetes? (Points : 2) Its increased prevalence is linked to the rise in obesity. Therapy typically is limited to the use of hypoglycemic medications. It has only been diagnosed in individuals over the age of 20. Because individuals do not produce any insulin, treatment always involves insulin therapy. 8. (TCO 3) In Type I diabetes, the ________ may be destroyed by an autoimmune disease. (Points : 2) hepatocytes of the liver beta cells of the pancreas neurotransmitters of the brain glomerulus cells of the kidney 9. (TCO 3) Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn't process ________ properly. (Points : 2) vitamins protein carbohydrates fat 10. (TCO 4) Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people because: (Points : 2) yogurt has no lactose. bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose. it has a thicker consistency. yogurt is acidic.


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The "Girls" of Nizhny Novgorod
I got into contact with the "girls" (sex workers) with help from Nizhny Novgorod social activist Andrei Amirov. I was able to spend between five and fifteen minutes at each "office" (a rented flat where sexual services are provided), during breaks between clients. I had to draw the series very quickly on the spot without making corrections. We made the rounds of over a dozen "offices." It is nearly impossible for outsiders (especially women who do not work as girls) to get into an office. For me it was a valuable experience: I was able to do portraits, record the women's own words, and ask them questions. There is a striking difference between the images of prostitutes circulated by the media and the girls I saw. The girls condemned the violent behavior of men generally (not just that of their clients), strongly criticized the authorities (officials and the police) and tried to maintain their personal boundaries even while working this job (which seems wildly unrealistic to me). I recalled times when I had been subjected to emotional and physical violence by men but had gone on claiming this was what "normal" life was like.
The rented flats where sexual services are provided are called "offices" (kontory). When they are not busy, the "girls" (devochki), the madam (mamochka) and the "dispatcher" (dispetcher) hang out in the kitchen behind a closed door or curtain, while customers are served in the "chambers" (apartamenty). I caught a glimpse of these rooms while I was making my way to the kitchen in different offices. They all look alike: a sagging fold-out couch or ottoman, a rug on the floor, a TV in the corner. Although the girls keep them clean, the rooms still look off-putting: you can tell no one lives in them. In only one of the offices I visited had the chambers been decorated. The walls were hung with long pale green curtains, which apparently were meant to remind one of a boudoir.
The women who work in the offices all look different. There are quite young women sporting T-shirts with logos, ponytails, and almost no makeup. There are tipsy fortysomething and even fiftysomething "dames" (damy) in corsets or velvet dresses with plunging necklines. Some women wear robes with nothing on underneath, a cigarette perpetually dangling from their lips. One not-so-young girl in a polka-dot cotton dress sat in the kitchen reading a dog-eared Soviet book. Most of the women looked slightly unkempt and tired, and they wore modest, homey clothing.
One girl commented on the appearance of a workmate. "Although she's thirty-five, she looks like she's fifty, but she continues working at the office. You can't keep her away or get any clothes on her."
The madams act as team leaders: they organize the entire process. Madams are often former girls, and some of them continue to provide sexual services.
A new type of madam has emerged: energetic young women who have never worked as prostitutes, they simply run the offices and take a cut of the profits. There are also cases when the girls are self-organized and work without madams.
According to the girls, their clients are largely either "losers" or "wogs" (churki). When there are a lot of clients, they joke that there must be a holiday at the mental hospital.
"We know both sides of men. Guys are jerks."
"All of them?"
"No. There are also studs. They're like dogs: they want to get out of the house and live it up."
"Who are the strangest customers?"
"The ones who come in women's lingerie, want to do a striptease themselves and get fucked with a strap-on. Many guys come here because their wives refuse to do fairly simple things. Sometimes, customers offer to buy girls in bulk at a discount. Everyone wants a freebie."
The dames are more loyal to their customers than the girls are to theirs. Many dames have married former customers. Customers often visit the dames just to have a drink and a chat. They are charged separately for this.
Some girls are willing to serve people with disabilities. This is considered exceptional professionalism. The parents of a young man with cerebral palsy used to send holiday greetings to a girl who had agreed to provide their son with sexual services, regarding her almost like a member of the family.
Do the girls want their profession legalized? I asked this question in every office I visited, getting very different answers. The girls who had been to Europe liked the way prostitution is regarded in some countries there as a normal paid service.
One girl told me how she had worked in Germany, where Russian prostitutes were at odds with the African women.
"Even the Negro women fear Russians, because the Russian people are the nastiest."
The middle-aged dames were afraid they would not earn anything if they were forced to pay taxes. "With taxes, we would have to work even harder to support ourselves and our families."
The state would then, it turns out, take on the role of pimp.
One dame was indignant about an official who, during a TV interview, proposed legalizing prostitution and using the funds raised to build roads.
"It's the cops who make legalization necessary." The girls at all the offices I visited agreed on this point. Policemen hold "unpaid work days" (subbotniki) during which they force the girls to service them for free. Girls who had been "on tour" in Moscow told me what it was like. "In Moscow, cops patrol the street lineups (tochki) and take a cut from each client. So the women have to serve more clients to make money." It is much tougher in the capital. One girl came back from a "tour" sporting a scar.
"Officials are against legalization, but all of them are our clients," the girls said ironically. "Many officials run their own offices under the guise of massage parlors."
"Does life ever pan out for girls like in Pretty Woman?" The girls laugh. "Rich men are only like that in the movies! But in real life, they're like that until the first quarrel. Then they remind us of all our faults."
Some girls end up as kept women, but they usually earn no more that way than working at an office. The men who pay the women can require them to perform a variety of services, including changing their appearance, completely isolating themselves from society, and bearing children for them. "She is now sitting home like a dog," the girls said of a former comrade whom a married client keeps isolated in a rented flat, constantly forcing her to lose weight and look like a boy. I remarked that this sort of control of women and coercion existed in ordinary families as well. All the girls agreed with me. It was clear that many had experienced it firsthand.
This dame was fifty-five. She also worked a legitimate job and was now glad she could retire with a pension. Not all the dames have a pension to look forward to. Those whose only income has come from sex services will get work as shop clerks, cleaners, and in other low-skilled positions to make ends meet. Many of the fortysomething women fear the day when clients stop asking for them.
The young girls wonder where they would go, given their lack of higher education. The dames who do have a higher education but do not have a salary they can live on, believe that "dirty" work is dirtier than prostitution.
Both groups of women were firm about the fact that what they did was a "normal" job. And they all agreed that if other decently paid work were available, they would not stay in prostitution.
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Logistics Coordinator / Administrative Assistant
New Jersey Institute of Technology in New Jersey
|Open until filled
|Date Posted
|August 12, 2014
|Not specified
|Employment Type
New Jersey Institute of Technology seeks a highly organized, self-directed, and effective administrator to provide logistics and administrative support associated with a federal grant and the start-up of a new entity, New Jersey Innovation Institute (NJII). NJII is a New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) corporation that applies the intellectual and technological resources of the states science and technology university to challenges identified by industry partners in collaboration with government and other universities.
The Logistics Coordinator/Administrative Assistant (LC/AA) will support the staff and coordinate logistics for the NJ MarketShift program team. NJ MarketShift is a cutting-edge Department of Defense-funded (DoD) program focused on broadening markets, strengthening innovation, and developing new enterprises within New Jerseys aerospace and defense (A&D) supply chain. The LC/AA will serve these functions for NJITs newly developing organization, NJII, as its programs develop in parallel with NJ MarketShift.
Provide administrative and logistics support needed for the development and implementation of MarketShift programs, services, and activities. Organize all of the meeting logistics associated with user group gatherings, to include people and place scheduling, refreshment provisioning, supplies and equipment orchestration, and audio-visual services support. General meeting scheduling, phone answering, and office administration responsibilities. Responsible for updating various text documents, spreadsheets, presentation materials, website and electronic information. Ensure the timely distribution of relevant materials and information to stakeholders in conjunction with meetings, reports, and other MarketShift activities, events, and deliverables.
Key skills include strong communication skills, proficiency with Microsoft Office, meeting planning, and attentiveness to detail. Typically requires associates degree in business, communications, or related field and 5 years of related experience in office management and meeting planning. This is an 18 month appointment with an additional 18-24 months expected from the same revenue source.
Interested candidates should apply online at https://njit.jobs, posting number 0602228.
To build a diverse workforce, NJIT encourages applications from individuals with disabilities, minorities, veterans and women. EEO employer.