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MPHY3000/MPHYM000: Medical Physics Projects 2012/13
Below is a list of Medical Physics projects being offered for undergraduate students in the Department. To find out more about a project and/or to indicate your interest in taking it, please email the first supervisor by clicking on his/her name.
- A Project Outline is due on Monday October 15, 2012. Your supervisor must also complete a Project Risk Assessment Form. Students are required to hand in the form with two copies of their outline to Mohini Nair in the Medical Physics Departmental Office (second floor of the Malet Place Engineering Building).
- Project Progress Reports are due by Monday January 14, 2013. Two copies should be handed to Mohini Nair in the Medical Physics Departmental Office.
- Project talks will be held on Wednesday March 13, 2013 in Room 2.14 of the Malet Place Engineering Building.
- Final Reports are due by Friday March 22, 2013. Please hand in two copies to Mohini Nair in the Medical Physics Departmental Office.
Project information
- Detailed information about the projects including guidelines for writing outlines, progress reports, and final reports.
- Previous projects offered: 2009/10; 2010/11; 2011/12.
- Assessment form for supervisors.
- Project Risk Assessment form and guidance notes.
Automated movement artifact rejection for NIRS data
Supervisors: Prof. Clare Elwell and Dr. Beth Jelfs
Student: Ryan Chung
Near infrared spectroscopy allows non-invasive collection of data which can provide information about oxygenation levels in the brain. In particular we are interested in developing a system for use at the bedside of patients with traumatic brain injury. Such a system requires the collection and preprocessing of data, followed by modelling and analysis of the data to provide a clinically relevant output, all of which needs to be performed in real time. The aim of this project is to look at the preprocessing aspect of the system in particular the occurrence of movement artifacts. When a patient moves this can cause abrupt changes in the data and also result in a shift in the baseline of the measurements, both of which can drastically affect the results of the subsequent data analysis. At present methods for artifact removal require input from the user to set thresholds for the current patient. The student will be required to build on the existing techniques to provide a statistical measure of the data which is consistent across patients and does not require input from the end user. Once artifacts have been identified an assessment needs to be performed as to the best approach to deal with the artifact and rectify any shifts in the baseline of the data. In line with the overall aim of using this system at the bedside the output from this project must also be suitable for use online in real time.
Atomic Force Microscope spectromicroscopy
Supervisors: Dr. Ben Cox and ???
Student: (Project available)
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is able to image topology with nanometre resolution but without any chemical specificity. Recently, a number of researchers have investigated whether an AFM can be used to detect the surface fluctuations following the absorption of an infra-red (IR) laser pulse. Measuring the AFM-IR spectrum might be one way in which it is possible to extend the capabilities of AFM so that it can differentiate between different chemical species. In this project the small but growing literature of AFM-IR research will be analysed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various different approaches that have been used will be delineated. In addition, data on the sorts of targets that have been imaged will be collated, and similarities and differences noted with the aim of describing and characterising the attributes that a target (cell type, for example) must possess to be imaged successfully. Finally, the extent to which the literature addresses the following two related questions will be explored: 1) how much do subsurface absorbers affect the AFM-IR spectra measured at the surface? 2) is it possible to recover information about subsurface absorbers from the surface measurements?
Investigation of nanoparticle uptake in plant cells
Supervisors: Dr. Kate Ricketts and Prof. Gary Royle
Student: Katrina Prise
The main aim of this project is to optimise a suitable protocol for plant cell production and the uptake of nanoparticles. Currently, protocols are already set up and being readily used for nanoparticle uptake in animal cells. In animal cell uptake it was found that nanoparticles were similar enough to biomolecules that cells would regard them in the same way. Gold nanoparticle uptake in animal cells has been used in aiding the treatment of cancer. When nanoparticles are functionalised they are preferentially taken up by cancer cells they can be used as a contrast agent to assist with determining the stage and spread of the disease. The motivation behind this project is to apply the same techniques developed at UCL for medical purposes and, ultimately, be able to monitor environmental effects in the sea using the condition of algae as an indicator of various environmental factors, such as temperature change, pollutants, and oxygen concentration.
Improving MRI-based multi-atlas segmentation of the heart using outlier detection
Supervisors: Prof. Seb Ourselin and Maria Zuluaga
Student: (Project available)
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases account for around 30% of deaths around the world. The use of medical image computing in clinical routine has shown a tremendous potential to reduce the death toll by allowing early diagnosis and treatment of the different pathologies. The aim of this project is to improve existing heart segmentation techniques that allow to extract the different structures of the heart (ventricles, myocardium, atria and great vessels) from magnetic resonance images (MRI), so that these can be analysed by the clinicians. At present, our method makes use of previously obtained segmentations to extract the heart structures of new images. However, when the images are not properly aligned, the final segmentation tends to be erroneous. In this project, the student will evaluate new algorithms that allow to identify misaligned images so that they can be removed from the segmentation process. The project will require the student to develop understanding of image registration. Some programming skills can be useful but are not mandatory.
Refinement of a method for measuring the bending stiffness of nonwoven fabrics
Supervisors: Prof. Alan Cottenden and Vasileios Asimakopoulos
Student: John Lee
We need to be able to measure the bending stiffness of nonwoven fabrics (the resistance they show to being bent into an arc) in order help us interpret our experimental results from measurements on friction between these fabrics and the curved surfaces of skin. We have a method for doing this which is robust in principle but labour intensive, fiddly and error-prone in practice. This project will involve refining the current method so that accurate data can be gathered and processed more easily. The project will be primarily experimental, and will require a student prepared to pay careful attention to detail in order to identify and address the various limitations of the current methodology. The project will be supervised by Alan Cottenden and another yet to be decided, and the experimental work will be based at the UCL Archway campus.
Mathematical modelling of water absorption by superabsorbent hydrogels
Supervisors: Prof. Alan Cottenden and Dr. Becky Shipley (Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Student: (Project available)
Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) hydrogels are remarkable materials that will absorb 100 times their own dry mass in water, a property exploited, for example, in absorbing body fluids in medical and hygiene products such as diapers and wound dressings, and in agriculture to retain water around germinating seeds and the roots of plants. However, the process of water flow between the SAP particles and diffusion into them is as yet poorly understood. We have a growing body of experimental data describing the kinetics of absorption under a variety of conditions and the aim of this project will be to develop mathematical models that capture the observed absorption behaviour. The student taking this project will need to have a strong mathematical background.
Development of a decision support tool for dementia
Supervisors: Prof. Jem Hebden and Dr. Kate McLeish (IXICO)
Student: Marta Caballero
Managing dementia, of which Alzheimer's Disease is the most common, is a growing problem globally with an aging population. It is estimated that only 40% of sufferers are diagnosed in the UK today and that delays in diagnosing patients, even in the absence of disease modifying drugs, leads to a poorer quality of life. It has been shown that early diagnosis, followed by suitable interventions (generic drugs, support, assisted technologies) can add 18 months to independent life. The importance of improving early diagnosis has been recognised in the National Dementia Strategy and the Prime Minister's Dementia Challenge. IXICO is a company working with large pharma companies on the testing of new drugs for dementia and is now translating these clinical trial tools into the healthcare environment by developing medical devices to support diagnosis. One of the most established down-stream effects of dementia is shrinkage of the brain, and the amount of shrinkage and the relative shrinkage of different regions of the brain can assist in the diagnosis of dementia, including differential diagnosis between types of dementia. IXICO has image analysis technology that allows us to calculate the volumes of these regions from MRI data. This project will involve experimental work to test the performance of the image analysis technology on a variety of datasets that are already collected, in order to assess performance and robustness. The project may also collect data from new clinical deployments of the software, and do some feasibility assessments of the incorporation of cognitive testing data along with imaging in the decision support process.
Information for cancer patients in Western Africa
Supervisors: Prof. Gary Royle and Dr. Kate Ricketts
Students: Bhabika Gurung, Gibril Kallon, Mary Neal
Cancer is rapidly becoming a growing concern in developing countries. As preventable diseases such as malaria, TB and typhoid decline life expectancy increases, which results in more people developing cancer. The World Health organisation predicts that by 2017 cancer will result in more deaths in developing countries than HIV, malaria, TB and typhoid combined. There is an urgent need to tackle the situation and for those countries to offer a better cancer service. UCL's Medical Physics department is running a programme which works alongside radiotherapy workers in Ghana. This project involves reviewing cancer patients in the region, identifying treatment outcomes and developing patient information to assist with this programme. This project can accommodate two students.
Image corrections for proton therapy emission images
Supervisors: Prof. Gary Royle and Catarina Veiga
Student: Mital Parsotamo
Proton therapy is an advanced form of cancer treatment proven to have lower secondary effects to patients. Treatments are aimed particularly at children and complex cancers. It is important to verify that the treatment is being delivered correctly. One method of achieving this is to monitor emissions from the patient generated as the proton beam passes through the patient. As the proton loses energy in the patient different interactions occur which means that the number of emissions does not translate to patient dose unless corrections are applied. This project will investigate, via computer simulation, a proton treatment and analysis the emission data in order to develop corrections.
Development of DICOM compatible images for radiotherapy treatment planning
Supervisors: Prof. Gary Royle and Catarina Veiga
Student: Rachel Atemie, Edward Basham
All clinical images are required to have a particular format, known as DICOM. This contains various important information. It is necessary that any simulated images must be translated into this format before they can be used for clinical research. This project will be joint with the radiotherapy department and will develop a programme to convert images to DICOM format for use on the treatment planning software.
Ergometer for therapy after spinal cord injury: calibrator for torque transducer
Supervisors: Prof. Nick Donaldson and Tim Perkins
Student: Zhihang Cheng
A special cycling exercise machine (ergometer) is being built for a clinical experiment in which patients with spinal cord injury exercise while being electrically stimulated. The ergometer includes a novel torque transducer that is intended to measure the effort being made by the patient. The transducers need to be tested and calibrated. Calibration is particularly important because the strain gauge transducers are actually measuring forces from which the torque is deduced (i.e. it is not a direct measurement). What is needed is a motor that can act in place of the patient, turning the crank shaft while we measure the speed and the torque. In this project, a motor and tachometer will be chosen, a torque load cell made, and a wireless connection designed and made so that the torque can be measured while the load cell is rotating. As several ergometers are to be produced, the calibrator will itself be arranged as a piece of equipment for use after manufacturing, and for subsequent checking of ergometers after they have been in use. The equipment must be arranged so that it can be connected without damage to the ergometer or risk to the operator.
An experimental therapy for spinal cord injury
Supervisors: Prof. Nick Donaldson and Clemens Eder (EE)
Student: James Cohen
The Implanted Devices Group and the Analogue Systems Group in the Electronic Engineering Department are is an EU project in which epidural stimulation of the spinal cord is to be tested as a therapy. One new experiment is called "Social Rats" because the stimulation will be applied while the rats are free to move around in a cage and interact socially with other rats. Making an implanted stimulator which is small enough and can withstand the movement made by the rat is difficult. A PhD student (Vasso Giagka) is hoping to meet these requirements by making the epidural electrode array with an embedded custom integrated circuit. The implant will also have some subcutaneous electronics and a head connector. The subcutaneous electronics will include a rechargeable battery and a programmable microcontroller. The program includes the stimulation parameters, such as pulse frequency and amplitude. In this way the battery can be recharged and the program modified while the rat is asleep but the rat will be unhindered when out in the social cage. In the project the student will prepare a specification for the subcutaneous electronics, choose a microcontroller, make a prototype of the hardware on a printed circuit board and write the program. The electronics will be tested separately and with the epidural array chip.
Ultrasound imaging phantoms with 3D polymer printing
Supervisors: Dr. Adrien Desjardins and Dr. Simeon West
Student(s): Ioannis Koutsakos
Ultrasound imaging is increasingly used to guide minimally invasive procedures in the human body. This imaging modality has many advantages, such as being real-time and non-ionising, but it can be challenging to interpret images and to plan an optimal path to the tissue target. There is an urgent need for better training tools for a wide range of patient anatomies. This project will involve creating an ultrasound phantom for percutaneous (needle-based) procedures in the spine and/or the upper arm. In particular, it will involve digitally segmenting 3D image volumes and creating polymer/silicone structures using cutting-edge 3D printing techniques. This project, which is co-supervised by an Anaesthetist at UCL Hospital, is an opportunity to gain hands-on experience with both medical image processing and ultrasound imaging in clinical practice. Two students can be accommodated on this project.
A mobile phone app for cycling
Supervisors: Dr. Terence Leung and Prof. Nick Donaldson
Student: Zara Sheikh
The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone App to measure the power output of a person cycling. The App will be built on the Android platform using the graphical programming software App Inventer. This "cycling App" will exploit the accelerometer inside a smartphone to detect the cycling motion. By measuring the actual power output required for cycling with an ergometer, on which the "slope" is set by a brake, an algorithm will be developed to convert cycling motion and slope into a measure of power output. Data will also be collected from the phone's orientation sensors to show that an actual slope, whether on a flat surface, uphill and downhill, can be measured. The measured slope and the algorithm can then be used to estimate the power output during outdoor cycling. Upon successful development, the cycling App could be used to monitor the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. No previous programming experience is necessary but a desire to learn is essential. This project also involves a fair amount of data analysis and cycling experiments.
A mobile phone app for skin oxygenation measurement
Supervisors: Dr. Terence Leung and Prof. Clare Elwell
Student: Patrick Lancaster
The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone App which can show the oxygenation distribution of the skin as a picture using visible spectroscopy. Oxygenated blood (more specifically oxy-haemoglobin) looks bright red while deoxygenated blood dark red. The colour or "redness" of the blood can therefore indicate the blood oxygenation. The App works by first taking a photo of the skin and then analysing the three base colour images (RGB: Red, Green and Blue) which are then converted into an oxygenation distribution of the skin based on the reflection spectra of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin in the visible range, a technique known as RGB reflectometry. The App will be developed on an Android platform using the graphical programming language App Inventor. No prior programming experience in App or other programming languages is necessary but a desire to learn is essential.
Understanding how bone behaves under load
Supervisors: Prof. Robert Speller and ????
Student: Kalumin Gunatilaka
Bone is a complex structure that plays several roles – it's the body's supply of calcium, it protects certain organs and it supports the body. Determining the quality of bone to carry out these functions has been a field of study for many years. One of the parameters that has recently been shown to be important in the measurement of bone quality is the 3-D distribution of Ca/P but why this is important is not known. This project is to develop techniques to try and answer that question. The work will involve using a microCT system, preparing bone samples, imaging samples with and without load and analysing images. Some computing maybe required.
Mapping radioisotope distributions
Supervisors: Prof. Robert Speller and George Randall
Student: Jenelle Rajroop
RadICAL is a detector system that has been developed at UCL for radioisotope mapping. It has successfully been used with relatively simple source distributions but needs to be evaluated with more complex arrays of sources. The project will involve collecting data for different source distributions and then developing ways to analyse the results. It will involve both experimental work and some computing. It is expected that the existing detector systems will be used but improvements in the detector system could be undertaken if the candidate has good experimental skills.
X-ray biopsy system for breast cancer
Supervisors: Prof. Robert Speller and Dr. Tasos Konstantinidis
Student: Meera Tailor
The usual procedure for breast screening in the UK means that after the initial examination the patient waits to hear if a follow-up is required, and if one is a further wait for results when a tissue biopsy sample is taken. At UCL we have developed an X-ray sensor called DyAMITe that can take a mammogram and during the examination take x-ray diffraction data on suspicious regions. Thus reducing the rather protracted investigation in current breast examinations to a single, non-invasive visit with conclusive results. This project will involve collecting images from tissue samples and analysing these images. The analysis will involve developing/adapting computer code.
HIFU lesion formation in a thermal regime
Supervisors: Dr. Ben Cox, Dr. Terence Leung, Dr. Bradley Treeby, and Dr. Dean Barratt
Student: Anna Zamir
High Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive ablative therapy with many potential clinical applications. At clinical HIFU intensities, cavitation and boiling will occur at the focus which may enhance lesion formation and may also be used as a means of passively monitoring lesion position. However, it also significantly increases acoustic backscattering thereby affecting the lesion shape and size. A HIFU regime where the effects are purely thermal may have advantages in some applications (e.g. where better control of lesion form, or localised heating without tissue damage, is required). This project will investigate how accurately the shapes and sizes of thermal lesions can be predicted by comparing experimentally produced lesions with those predicted by a model which accounts for acoustic propagation, thermal diffusion and time-dependent tissue damage.
Is functional magnetic susceptibility mapping feasible at a magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla?
Supervisors: Dr. Karin Shmueli and Dr. David Thomas
Student: Adam Tyson
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is widely used for studying human brain function. It relies on changes in the magnitude of the complex MRI signal but the phase of the signal has also been shown to change on brain activation. Susceptibility mapping, developed by Dr Shmueli and others, is a technique to calculate maps of the tissue magnetic susceptibility which represents the physiological changes in blood oxygenation underlying fMRI. Preliminary functional susceptibility mapping is emerging at a field-strength of 7 Tesla which gives larger signal-to-noise ratios and allows detection of small signal changes. We will investigate whether functional changes in the tissue susceptibility can be measured at 3 Tesla: the workhorse field strength for human fMRI studies. The student will acquire and analyse fMRI data at 3T.
Respiration monitoring with an accelerometer
Supervisors: Dr. Nick Everdell and Dr. Adam Gibson
Student: (Project available)
We have built a novel respiration monitor based on an accelerometer. It is able to detect movement due to respiration but fails when there is other movement in the same frequency band. This project will investigate alternative methods of signal analysis and will aim to develop a technique for reliable tracking of a signal in the presence of artefacts. The project requires a student interested in signal processing.
Motion detection and analysis during seizure
Supervisors: Dr. Adam Gibson and Dr. Nick Everdell
Student: David Desai
It can be difficult to determine whether a seizure is epileptic in origin or not. It has been proposed that the appearance of movement during the seizure may help to distinguish between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. In this project, you will build an accelerometer which can be placed on the arm during seizure and record arm movement. You will then analyse this arm movement to distinguish between different types of motion.
Modelling patient throughput in a radiotherapy department
Supervisors: Dr. Adam Gibson and Dr. Gary Royle
Student: Francesca Stoneley
The radiotherapy department in a hospital is busy, with patients moving from room to room for different scans and tests, and returning for repeated treatment fractions. In this project, you will develop a computer model of patient flow through the department, which will allow us to predict the impact of changes to working practise on the efficiency of the department. The project will involve writing and developing a computer model, testing it against measured patient throughput and using it to predict the effect of new working practises.
Designing and constructing a life-size tissue-like infant head phantom for evaluating simultaneous EEG and optical imaging
Supervisors: Prof. Jem Hebden and Dr. Harsimrat Singh
Student: Aysha Alkhaja
Researchers within the UCL Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory (BORL) have developed a technique to simultaneously display the electrical and haemodynamic changes associated with brain activity. This work uses an optical imaging system which has an array of optical fibres placed in contact with the head, combined with an array of EEG electrodes. The aim of this project is to develop a suitable "phantom" which can be used to test the imaging system. A phantom is an object which simulates the properties of real human tissues. The project will initially involve designing and building a hollow infant head based on polyester resin. Thin conducting wires will be embedded within the resin so that both light and electrical currents can pass through the head. The head will then be filled with an optically-scattering / electrically-conducting liquid. Measurements will be made using optical fibres and electrodes placed on the surface of the head with a suitable target placed inside. Data will be analysed and images will be generated. This project is most suitable for a student who enjoys building mechanical and/or electrical devices and has good manual skills.
Imaging changes in optical properties produced by high-intensity focussed ultrasound
Supervisors: Prof. Jem Hebden and Dr. Terence Leung
Student: Dhriti Dosani
High-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) is a therapeutic technique which involves heating a small internal region of tissue using a beam of high frequency sound waves. Heating the tissue enables cells to be destroyed, and thus HIFU is used to kill tumours inside the body without the patient requiring surgery. The high temperatures produced by HIFU also change the way in which the tissue absorbs and scatters light. UCL's Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory (BORL) have developed a technique called optical topography which can image changes in optical absorption of tissues below the surface (click here for details). The aim of this project is to demonstrate that optical topography can be used to display changes produced in a tissue-simulating material irradiated with a HIFU device. The student will make a tissue-simulating "phantom" using silicone rubber, in which will be embedded a region containing a "thermochromic pigment". This pigment changes colour when heated. The student will conduct imaging experiments on the phantom using the UCL optical topography system and a HIFU device.
Pseudo-spectral pentamode model for simulating acoustic invisibility cloaking
Supervisors: Dr. Ben Cox and Bradley Treeby (Australian National University)
Student: Damon McNally
It has been shown that a class of metamaterials called 'pentamode' materials can be used for acoustic invisibility cloaking. Simulating cloaking when the domain size is many hundreds of wavelengths in size requires a computationally efficient model of wave propagation. In this project a pseudo-spectral model of wave propagation through a pentamode material will be modelled in Matlab, and used to investigate novel cloaking scenarios.
Control logic for a stimulator IC
Supervisors: Dr. Anne Vanhoest and Prof. Nick Donaldson
Student(s): (Project available)
This project is for one or two students with prior knowledge of electronic logic (and micro-controllers) and basic programming skills. There is currently a discrete control circuit for one of the IDG's stimulator IC that relies on a purpose-built FPGA. The students are to replace this circuit with a simpler and more user friendly logic controller, probably involving a micro-controller. Hence the pre-requisites of knowing some basic electronics, enough to understand the current circuit and design the new controller. It is open to either one student or a pair with good collaboration skills. For more information on the research carried on in the Implanted Devices Group click here.
Thick-film humidity sensors - a feasibility study
Supervisors: Dr. Anne Vanhoest and Prof. Nick Donaldson
Student: Ashok Chhabra
To study the feasibility of using standard thick-film methods to create an implantable humidity sensor. This project will first require a literature review, followed by a time in the lab, to characterize existing sensor candidates. If the progress are satisfactory and the student shows a good behaviour in the lab a second stage will involve researching other materials, suitable in terms of their bio-compatibility and sensing properties for the production of new sensors in the cleanroom. For more information on the research carried on in the Implanted Devices Group click here.
An interactive e-learning tool for electrical stimulation theory
Supervisors: Dr. Anne Vanhoest and Mr Nathaniel Dahan
Student(s): (Project available)
In a first stage the student(s) will undertake a literature review to understand the basics of the theory of electrical stimulation, including notions of rheobase and chronaxie, with a focus on stimulation optimisation from a point of view of charges and energy. This is of importance for future development of electrical stimulators as minimising the energy per stimuli would improve the power requirements of the stimulator while the charge delivered may be linked to potential nerve damage if it is excessive. If two students share this project, the theoretical findings shall be integrated in an interactive e-learning tool showing several stimulus waveforms with adjustable parameters and calculating the charge and energy requirements. This project does not involve any lab work and is therefore suitable for students living further away. No prior knowledge of electrical stimulation principles is required. The student(s) must be comfortable with integrations and derivations as the first phase of the project is theoretical. If the project is undertaken by two students , it is strongly advised that one of them at least show some previous experience of designing web-interfaces, with user interactions and animations. For more information on the research carried on in the Implanted Devices Group click here.
Explore the optical measurements of brain tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics during a hypoxic ischaemic insult.
Supervisors: Dr. Ilias Tachtsidis and Dr. Aaron Oliver-Taylor
Student: Vidushi Gor
Monitoring the tight balance of brain blood flow, oxygen delivery and brain tissue metabolic rate is a major aim in patient diagnosis and care. A patient's health is in great danger when there is a prolonged lack of oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic demand of the tissue; for example in neonatal encephalopathy secondary to birth asphyxia. The Perinatal-Brain Magnetic-Resonance Group at UCLH has a well established programme of research characterising and monitoring neonatal brain injury. Recently as part of collaboration with the Biomedical Optics Research Lab (BORL) they have been measuring brain tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics in a brain injury animal model using an in-house developed near-infrared spectrometer. The main focus for this project will be the data analysis of physiological signals obtained before, during and after brain injury. The student will use novel software tools that will allow quantification of the near-infrared measurements and then will focus on analysing those in conjunction with systemic signals and possible magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The larger scope of the analysis is to investigate the biophysical and biochemical changes that happen in birth asphyxiated infants. This project would be suitable for a student with an interest in physiology/pathophysiology, brain tissue biochemistry; and will involve data processing and statistical analysis.
Computational modelling of pH dynamics during brain tissue anoxia and ischaemia.
Supervisors: Dr. Ilias Tachtsidis and Ms Tharindi Hapuarachchi
Student: Mrudul Bhatt
In our pursuit to understand the brain tissue physiology, metabolism and regulation we have adopted a "systems biology" approach and developed a computational model (BRAINCIRC http://braincirc.sourceforge.net/ ) which we recently extended to include the neonatal brain physiology and metabolism (Brain model, http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbptmo/index.html ). Intracellular pH varies as a function of flow, energy stores and oxygenation. Low pH can be a precursor of apoptosis and cell death. Thus, the characterization of pH dynamics may have predictive value for cell death for example in perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia (HI) following birth asphyxiation, in traumatic brain injury and stroke. As part of this project the student will run simulations with our models to investigate the pH dynamics in the models and progress to suggest and develop possible submodels that describe the brain tissue pH dynamics. The ultimate aim will be to use this extended model to extract additional clinically useful information about pH brain regulation. This project would be suitable for students with an interest in brain tissue physiology/biochemistry and will involve data processing and some statistical analysis.
Analysis of coded-aperture based x-ray phase contrast images of tumours in breast tissue.
Supervisors: Dr. Alessandro Olivo and Dr. Marco Endrizzi
Student: Aria Antoniadou
X-ray phase contrast imaging is a new imaging modality not based on x-ray attenuation, in which all details in an image are made more evident by intense edge-enhancing fringes running along their borders. This also results in making classically undetectable objects (as they oppose non absorption to x-rays) visible in the image. This method produced unprecedented results in the imaging of breast tissues, where it proved it could visualize lesions previously undetectable (or at a stage at which they are not yet detected by conventional methods). This result was obtained at synchrotrons, huge, complicated and very expensive facilities – only approximately 50 of which exist in the world. This notwithstanding, the above result was so revolutionary that it triggered the construction of the first in vivo station for x-ray phase contrast mammography at a synchrotron in Italy, despite the very limited number of patients that such station can handle. More recently, the UCL team has developed a method that could make similar results achievable with conventional sources. This could make the above result widely available in hospitals and clinics across the world, allowing an earlier detection of breast tumours and consequently a reduction in the mortality rate. The team is currently using the method to image a large number of breast tissue samples containing tumours to achieve statistical significance. The student would participate in the data analysis by comparing absorption and phase contrast images of the same breast tissue sample, and quantitatively assessing the improvements brought by the latter. If time allows, synchrotron images would also be provided to allow a comparison of the UCL images against the "gold standard". The student will gain skills in data and especially image analysis, and familiarize with some of the basic concepts of medical imaging. Basic computing skills are required.
Contrast and Signal-to-noise ratio in x-ray phase contrast imaging.
Supervisors: Dr. Marco Endrizzi and Dr. Alessandro Olivo
Student: Glafcos Havariyoun
X-ray phase contrast imaging is a new imaging modality not based on x-ray attenuation, in which all details in an image are made more evident by intense edge-enhancing fringes running along their borders. This also results in making classically undetectable objects (as they oppose non absorption to x-rays) visible in the image.The classic way of classifying detail visibility in an x-ray image is based on the concepts of contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These quantities are somewhat based on the typical characteristics of a conventional, absorption-based x-ray image, in which the part of the image occupied by the detail of interest presents a lower or higher intensity with respect to the background. The different nature of phase contrast images requires a critical revision of these classic quantities. The student will be provided with a number of images of the same samples taken with absorption and phase contrast methods. He/she will investigate ways of improve/update the definitions of contrast and SNR in order to make them suitable to this new imaging modality. The ultimate aim will be to carry out a quantitative comparison between image quality provided by conventional absorption and phase contrast methods. The student will gain skills in data analysis, image analysis and familiarize with some of the basic concepts of medical imaging. Basic computing skills are required.
Investigation of the statistical nature of image contrast in coded aperture phase contrast imaging systems.
Supervisors: Dr. Alessandro Olivo and Dr. Paul Diemoz
Students: (Project available)
X-ray phase contrast imaging has the potential to effect the greatest change in the field of x-ray imaging since the invention of computed tomography. The majority of x-ray imaging systems employed in real world applications are sensitive to spatial variation of a sample's x-ray absorption characteristics. Most typical samples which need to be imaged by x-rays also exhibit spatial variation in the way the sample retards x-rays, generally resulting in the refraction of x-rays. Until recently, this effect could be observed only at Synchrotrons or with specialised laboratory sources with insufficient flux to be used in most real world applications. The radiation physics group within the department has, however, been developing a technique capable of observing x-ray phase contrast with standard x-ray sources. This technique is called coded aperture x-ray phase contrast imaging (CAXPCI). One of the attributes of this system is that the measured contrast depends upon where a sample is positioned relative to the imaging system. The imaging system thus has regions within its field of view which are more sensitive than others. The aim of this project is to obtain a statistical description of the contrast improvement which may be expected from the CAXPCI system when imaging cylindrical fibres.The project will entail understanding how the CAXPCI system is modelled. You will use a model which has already been developed to generate results according to a methodology which you will develop to determine the statistical nature of the contrast improvement offered by the CAXPCI system. It is also hoped that additional characteristics of the system, such as quantifying how different regions of the system's field of view differ in sensitivity, will be ascertained. An understanding of wave optics and scalar diffraction will be required for this project along with a good programming abilities. Understanding of x-ray phase contrast imaging will also be desirable.
Wave and ray-optics approaches to x-ray phase contrast imaging.
Supervisors: Dr. Paul Diemoz and Dr. Alessandro Olivo
Student: Shahab Shahipasand
X-ray phase contrast imaging is a new imaging modality not based on x-ray attenuation, in which all details in an image are made more evident by intense edge-enhancing fringes running along their borders. This also results in making classically undetectable objects (as they oppose non absorption to x-rays) visible in the image.There are two basic ways of describing x-ray phase contrast imaging theoretically: one is rather rigorous and is based on Fresnel/Kirchoff diffraction integrals, whereas ray-optics offer a substantially simplified approach. The phase contrast group at UCL has developed software to simulate phase contrast images following both approaches. The student will be provided with this software and will use it to investigate under what set of conditions ray optics can be considered a satisfying approximation.The student will gain skills in simulation methods, data analysis, image analysis and familiarize with the basic concepts of optics. Computing skills and a reasonably sound mathematical background are required.
Evaluation of inverse source modelling of the cortical evoked response in the anaesthetised rat in comparison with Electrical Impedance Tomography of fast neural activity
Supervisors: Prof. David Holder and Brett Packham.
Student: (Project available)
EIT is a novel medical imaging method, with which images of the electrical impedance of the head can be produced with a box about the size of a paperback book, laptop and EEG electrodes on the head. It is portable, safe, fast and inexpensive. The supervisor's research has been to develop its use in imaging functional activity in the brain. It could be used for imaging fast neural activity over milliseconds, which would constitute a major advance in neuroscience methods. Research into this is currently being undertaken in the anesthetized rat. The brain is exposed and recording is undertaken during repeated physiological stimulation of the sensory or visual systems. Recording is undertaken with a mat of 32 cortical electrodes about 6 mm square. EIT data is recorded at the same time as the brain's own response as well as other data such as intrinsic optical imaging. Inverse source modelling of the EEG is a method in which the origin of electrical signals is calculated from boundary voltage signals – in this case, the evoked response signals recorded from the epicortical electrode array. In this project, inverse source modelling software from the SPM suite developed at UCL will be adapted for use with the EIT rat data. The results of source modelling will be compared with EIT data. Skills to be acquired: programming in Matlab, learning SPM, signal processing, and data analysis. All data will be provided by medical researchers. The project is suitable for a student with a background in physics, engineering or computing, or a medical student with computing experience and an interest in programming.
Development of materials for realistic head-shaped tanks for Electrical Impedance Tomography of the head using a 3D printer
Supervisors: Prof. David Holder and Dr. Kirill Aristovich.
Student: (Project available)
EIT is a novel medical imaging method, with which images of the electrical impedance of the head can be produced with a box about the size of a paperback book, laptop and EEG electrodes on the head. It is portable, safe, fast and inexpensive. The supervisor's research has been to develop its use in imaging functional activity in the brain. One possible use could be to image changes in the brain during acute stroke over time as the brain pathology evolves. EIT has the unique potential to provide a bedside imaging method for this purpose which would alert medical staff to a deterioration and so lead to improvements in treatment. It could also be used for imaging fast neural activity over milliseconds. Research into this is currently being undertaken in the anesthetized rat. It is useful to use anatomically realistic tanks for testing and refining EIT systems. Until now, a real skull has been used for the human head tank. It would be desirable to be able to make tanks with the correct electrical properties in larger numbers for comparison across research groups. This could be achieved using 3D printers but it will be necessary to print porous materials which have the correct electrical properties. The project will be learn about bioimpedance and tissue properties, and also the methods for using a 3D printer. Different porous materials will be designed and evaluated. These will then be constructed into realistic head shaped tanks, either for the rat or human. If time permits, studies of their validity using EIT systems will be undertaken. Skill to be acquired : use of 3D printer; knowledge of relevant biophysics and material science; experimental design and data and statistical analysis. The project would be suitable for a student with a background in physics, engineering, computing, or medicine. If medicine, familiarity with computing and some programming is desirable.
Evaluation of the optimum number of electrodes for imaging fast neural activity or acute stroke with Electrical Impedance Tomography : a simulation study
Supervisors: Prof. David Holder and Dr. Kirill Aristovich.
Student: (Project available)
EIT is a novel medical imaging method, with which images of the electrical impedance of the head can be produced with a box about the size of a paperback book, laptop and EEG electrodes on the head. It is portable, safe, fast and inexpensive. The supervisor's research has been to develop its use in imaging functional activity in the brain. One possible use could be to image changes in the brain during acute stroke over time as the brain pathology evolves. EIT has the unique potential to provide a bedside imaging method for this purpose which would alert medical staff to a deterioration and so lead to improvements in treatment. It could also be used for imaging fast neural activity over milliseconds. Research into this is currently being undertaken in the anesthetized rat. Until now, imaging has been undertaken with 16 or 32 electrodes but a new system for use in the rat has the capability to use 128 electrodes and this may expanded to 256. However, it is not clear how many electrodes are optimal. Image resolution increases with increased electrodes but after a certain number additional electrodes confer no additional benefit because of noise. The work will be to undertake computer simulation to estimate the optimal number of electrodes. The initial phase will be to become familiar with EIT imaging and the use of software for simulation of the imaging problem. Realistic values for noise and an accurate geometric model of the head will be used to determine the result. If time permits, this will be validated in studies in saline filled tanks. Skill to be acquired : : medical image reconstruction and computer simulation, data and statistical analysis. The project would be suitable for a student with a background in physics, engineering, computing, or medicine. If medicine, familiarity with computing and some programming is desirable.
Real-time implementation of an algorithm for removing artefact from the EEG in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) of epileptic activity
Supervisors: Prof. David Holder and Dr. Gustavo Santos
Student: (Project available)
EIT is a novel medical imaging method, with which images of the electrical impedance of the head can be produced with a box about the size of a paperback book, laptop and EEG electrodes on the head. It is portable, safe, fast and inexpensive. The supervisor's research has been to develop its use in imaging functional activity in the brain. One exciting application lies in its use to image changes in the brain due to epileptic activity. In epilepsy, abnormal activity may occur in the form of seizures in which there is continuous abnormal activity lasting a minute or so. EIT could be used to provide a uniquely new method for imaging brain activity in such seizures which could be used in surgery for epilepsy. In order for this be realised, EIT needs to be recorded at the same time as EEG over several days in patients on a ward who have been specially brought in for observation. Both are recorded with about 20 electrodes glued to the scalp. Unfortunately, the EIT injects an artefact into the EEG signal. A method for removing this has been developed but it currently takes several minutes of post-processing off-line after the EEG has been acquired. As some clinicians need to see real-time EEG at the bedside as it is collected, it is desirable to run the cleaning algorithm in real time. The purpose of the project will be to implement and test real-time implementation of the algorithm. Initially, the student will read relevant background literature and become familiar with the algorithm. They will then develop a way to run it in real time, initially on a PC running in parallel with commercial EEG software. If this is not sufficiently fast, then other methods to speed up processing will be investigated, such as the use of a parallel Graphical Processing Unit added to the PC. Skills to be acquired : programming in Matlab, C or C++, signal processing, and biomedical instrumentation. The project is suitable for a student with a background in physics, engineering or computing, or a medical student with experience and an interest in programming.
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) of evoked physiological activity
Supervisors: Prof. David Holder and Dr. Gustavo Santos
Student: (Project available)
EIT is a novel medical imaging method, with which images of the electrical impedance of the head can be produced with a box about the size of a paperback book, laptop and EEG electrodes on the head. It is portable, safe, fast and inexpensive. The supervisor's research has been to develop its use in imaging functional activity in the brain. One possible use could be to image increases in blood volume which occur over some tens of seconds during normal brain activity, such as during the standard clinical techniques of stimulation of the visual system by flashing lights or the somatosensory system by mild electrical stimulation at the wrist. Such imaging can already be performed by fMRI (functional MRI); the advantages of EIT are that similar images could be acquired with portable much less expensive technology which would increase its availability. EIT data has been collected in these situations before and led to a landmark publication in which reliable single channel data were observed but, unfortunately, the data was too noisy to form into reliable images. Since then, the electronics and imaging software have been improved – for example, we can now collect images at multiple frequencies whereas before they were only collected at one. This gives greater opportunities to reduce noise. To start with, the student will evaluate a new EIT imaging system, the Kyung Hee Mk 2 system, in a saline filled tank and compare its performance with an older UCLH EIT system. If time permits, then students will work together to collect EIT data during repeated evoked activity in about 10 healthy volunteers, and then will help produce images using Matlab code written for this purpose. Digital photos will be taken around the head, and then photogrammetric software will be used to localise their positions. Images will be reconstructed using an MRI of the patient's head, which needs to be converted to a Finite Element model with software for segmenting medical images and meshing them. The accuracy of these images will be compared with similar studies using fMRI. Skills to be acquired: Students will spend time in the lab in Medical Physics at UCL learning relevant methods and analysing the data, and some time in Prof Holder's department at UCH, learning how to collect evoked responses using scalp electrodes. Skills to be acquired will include one or more of: medical image reconstruction; photogrammetric software use; medical image segmentation and meshing software; EEG electrode placement and use; experimental design and data analysis. The project would be suitable for a single student or a team of 2 or 3, with a backgrounds in physics, engineering, computing, or medicine.
3D-image-guided biopsy and therapy for prostate cancer
Supervisors: Dr. Dean Barratt and Yipeng Hu
Student: Danielle Beachey
Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer in men in the UK, North America, Australasia and many parts of Europe. Ultrasound imaging is used routinely in hospitals to guide prostate biopsy, where tissue samples are collected to determine the presence of cancer, and minimally-invasive therapies, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and brachytherapy (a procedure where small radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate). In practice, however, accurately placing a biopsy needle tip or a therapy delivery device within a tumour is difficult because images obtained using conventional ultrasound scanners only provide two-dimensional, cross-sectional views of the prostate. Moreover, in general they do not show prostate cancer. These problems can be overcome by using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, which allows imaging of the entire prostate and any instruments inserted into the prostate, and augmenting these images with co-registered information on the size, location, and shape of a target tumour from 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained prior to the procedure. The aim of this project is to evaluate the accuracy of this new approach using physical prostate imaging phantoms. The project will require the student to develop a good understanding of image registration technology using to align MR and US image information, and how it is practically applied in different therapies. Some MATLAB programming with also be required to perform relevant image processing tasks and to analyse the numerical results. The accuracy validation experiments will be designed by the student and carried out in the UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC) image-guided interventions laboratory using a state-of-the-art research ultrasound scanner.
Development of optimal clinical workflows for MR-directed prostate cancer interventions
Supervisors: Dr. Dean Barratt, Yipeng Hu and Mr. Hashim Ahmed (Urology)
Student: Rajit Wilfred Shail
Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer in men in the UK, North America, Australasia and many parts of Europe. Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have led to substantial clinical interest in using this technique to localise tumours within the prostate and using information of tumour location, size and shape to direct minimally-invasive interventions, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and brachytherapy (a procedure where small radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate). One approach to this is to augment ultrasound images that are used routinely to guide such procedures register (or align) with MR image information. This is achieved by using image registration (or fusion) software to align images. The aim of this project is to devise part of a clinically practical protocol for surgical workflows that incorporate MR-ultrasound image fusion based on quantitative analysis of the inter- and intra-observer variability associated with critical stages of the process (e.g. manual contouring of MR images of the prostate gland). This project will involve becoming familiar with the image registration software developed by the supervisor's team, which superimposes a graphical representation of a target tumour, derived from MR images obtained prior to a surgical procedure, onto transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images acquired during HIFU procedures. The project will involve working closely with urological surgeons from UCL/UCLH to understand the clinical constraints, and a basic knowledge of MATLAB programming for data analysis.


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For different New England Patriots, a bad preseason showing will lead to varying degrees of panic. No one will blink if Tom Brady sails a couple of errant throws, but for a fringe player battling for one of the final roster spots, a series of mistakes could spell doom.
As with any preseason game, the Patriots' 31-22 win over the Philadelphia Eagles comes with a small sample-size caveat. And with three preseason games to go, virtually every player with realistic roster prospects will have a few more opportunities to correct their flaws and prove they can aid New England's Super Bowl aspirations.
Nonetheless, it never hurts to create some positive momentum going into the games that count. Though these players hold disparate degrees of importance to the Patriots' success this season, they all share a common urgency to perform better this Friday against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
*Unless otherwise cited, all stats courtesy Pro-Football-Reference.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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A person that is extremely cool. Also a person that does something with an awesome or exciting outcome.
Kid: Man, I just dunked on the tallest guy on the team!
Kid2: Dam, you're a boss!
Kid2: Dam, you're a boss!
dodane przez Dogibb październik 05, 2012
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
Incrediably Awesome; miraculous; great
Dude, did you see that chick? She's fuckin' Boss!
dodane przez John grudzień 15, 2002
noun-a person who is a leader, someone who runs shit in his/her hood or city.
If you got more than $100 G's in the bank and stackin paper every day, more than likely you are a Boss.
dodane przez Tiffany aka Ya Girl Miss Tiff październik 25, 2005
Bosses are like diapers: Full of shit and all over your ass.
My boss had nothing to do, so he watched me work all day today.
dodane przez Cap'n Bullmoose kwiecień 23, 2005
Cool. Awesome.
An expression from the mid 1950s, which fell from favor by the early 1960s.
An expression from the mid 1950s, which fell from favor by the early 1960s.
Sal Bufardesi let a tremendous binderfender in class one day, grinned, and said "that's boss!"
dodane przez Cap'n Bullmoose kwiecień 23, 2005
something that is unusally "awesome" or "cool."
Have you seen Mark's new car? It's so boss!
dodane przez Rachelleio luty 21, 2003
Used to address people in a friendly manner (as in not implying they are your employer or master).
Them: Yo!
You: Hey up boss, whats up?
You: Hey up boss, whats up?
dodane przez Joshtek lipiec 01, 2003
In a video game the a big enemy at the end of the level. Defeated in the boss fight.
"Holy crap! The boss in the first level of Contra is totally weak!"
dodane przez Brian Johnson kwiecień 10, 2004


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Posted January 2nd, 2008 by Vicky+ in Review, Trivia
A sugar rush by any other name is just as sweet.
Well, maybe not. According to Steve Ettlinger's book, Twinkie, Deconstructed there's more to this snack than a toothache. The author combines humor and thorough reseach on this American icon. He conveniently avoids talking about health benefits (we all know there is none) but, like the Twinkie itself, sometimes we just need a lot of fun, useless reading.
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text:
It was a rough night for the Reading school board as its members raced against the clock to pass its budget by deadline.
The meeting, held inside Reading High School, Friday night, was plagued by confusion over what some members called unclear language in the budget.
Terms like "furlough," were used to actually mean "layoffs."
At times board members repeatedly said they were not sure what they were voting on due to the confusing language and other misunderstandings.
"Maybe if we come up with a language that we can all follow along with please," said board director, William Cinfici.
At times, simply communicating was a challenge.
A phone was placed in the middle of the auditorium's stage so that two board members, one who was on vacation in the Caribbean, and the other recovering at home, according to officials, could participate via conference call.
But at times the speaker phone just wasn't clear enough, and pivotal information had to be read over again.
More frustration mounted as the night progressed and the numbers just didn't seem to add up.
The board quickly went into a closed door session leaving some parents baffled.
"We expected to be more organized. I expected them to have their facts in order," said Eddie Moran, parent.
"I'm disappointed that I'll be spending several hours here this evening when this should have been completed," said Joanne Fleig, parent.
The board voted not to raise property taxes, but that was enough to throw things out of whack, and the numbers had to be crunched again.
"I have never been involved in such a dysfunctional organization, and such a poor process," said Robert Heebner, board member. "The kids of this district deserve a lot better. This was pathetic this time."
In the end, pre-K was eliminated, and since the final budget number came in higher than expected, more positions had to be eliminated.


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text:
Self confessed to ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE to have permits cancelled to COVER UP mining property fraud+ PONZI SCAM... perhaps via SLW scam bags
NOT at \Chilean Judicial powers whereat the same JUDGE that ABX said had sued criminally for defrauding ABX has just nailed Canadian lawyer owner of ABX MINERA NEVADA SPA + (filed at SEC as backing up SLW PASCUALAMA CIVIL RICO PONZI) as they were found to be title less and deceiving CRIMINALTRIALFISCAL
Maria Phyllis Emery lied like ABX at its filed SEC PASCUAPONZI SCAM the same CIVIL ICO FRAUD sold by SLW today in open markets
FEED LOTS OF CASH to Peter Munk as he flees having delivered AIDS to SLW investors @ PASCUA CIVIL RICO PONZI SCAM
It seems from the Wiki account of Pacua-Lama that much of your protest misses the point. In that regard you are the worst enemy to those who find fault with the project, mostly due to your inability to express yourself in less bloviated terms. In reality this is an environmental issue, and not a mining claim issue, because it involves the complete removal of glaciers in the vicinity of the mine site which negatively affects agricultural interests and the health and safety of local residents due to toxic chemicals commonly used in this type of mining operation.
Please try to concentrate on the impact that this mine will have on local people and the destruction of the eco-system because that will garner much more sympathy based on the realities of a continuance of the Pascua-Lama project.
Also, much of what is available in the regions court systems is in Spanish. The area courts are difficult to navigate because the search (buscar) capability has obviously been meant for attorneys. Because of the importance of this issue area courts should be much more forthcoming by providing access to how opposition is proceeding through the relevant legal systems. It lends credence to complaints that legal authorities might be bought and paid for by the corporate mining interests of Barrick which could be mitigated by complete transparency.
Due to the disallowance of links by Yahoo, attempts to provide information have been rendered much more difficult. In that regard, in a search for the truth we are fighting the same enemy, which is corporate interests seeking to hide issues not complementary to their objectives.
If you do this you will silence critics of your posts that have a spam-like flavor, and gain adherents. Compelling arguments always win in the end.
Those who are investors in PMs, but not specifically Barrick, should realize that it is to their benefit that these rare resources can only increase in value if supply is limited through legitimate environmental concerns
Yep SLW trying to help cover up Barricks Pascua Lama ponzi scam with enviroment issues won't hold for very long. This house of cards is about to come down!!
Quit pointing the finger at SLW,they did nothing wrong you friggin jerk!!!
KEVIN ATKINSON TEAR + ABX + SLW INSIDERS + MUNK are skunks criminal peddlers of CIVIL RICO daily PASCUA SILVER SCAM, so there ATKINSON... defending ATKINSON'S CRIMES


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One of the suspects charged in the August slayings of three teenagers in a Newark schoolyard was returned to New Jersey today from Maryland, where he had been fighting extradition for the nearly three months since his arrest.
Rodolfo Godinez, 24, lost his final bid at fighting extradition on Friday in Prince George's County Circuit Court in Upper Marlboro, Md. Authorities delivered him to the Essex County Courthouse today at about 3 p.m.
Godinez, who was in shackles as he was lead into the courthouse, is charged in the Aug. 4 murders of Iofemi Hightower, 19, Dashon Harvey, 20, and Terrance Aeriel, 18. Aerial's sister, Natasha Aeriel, 19, was shot in the head but survived the attack.
Harvey and the Aeriels were students at Delaware State University, and Hightower had planned to enroll there this fall.
Godinez fled New Jersey during a manhunt that followed the slayings and was arrested Aug. 18 as he hid in an apartment in Oxon Hill, Md.
In addition to Godinez, Essex County authorities have charged two other adults, Jose Lachira Carranza, 28, of Orange, and Melvin Jovel, 18, of Elizabeth, and three juveniles.
Federal authorities have identified one of the juvenile suspects as Alexander Alfaro, 16, who is Godinez' half brother. The two other juveniles have not been identified by authorities.


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Milwaukee police are investigating what led a vehicle to nearly crash into the front door of a home.
Emergency crews responded to 51st and Stark early Wednesday after a car struck a tree.
The car then continued into a front yard, coming to rest just feet from the home's front door.
Police have not released any information on what led to the crash, nor the condition of the driver.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
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Pornstar Name:
Girl, do something better with your life than doing these vids :) Your body is godly love you rox! xx Dd.
hi roxi its spencer do you remember me
If it jiggles it fat!
Not the best but I came :)
i want to bend you over like that and cum deep inside you
God her ass and pussy drives me wild. I love rubbing my clit while watching her, she always makes me cum so good.
que rico muebe el trasero
i iam cumming a fucking storm over u
Dat Ass And Dat Pussy Drives Me Wild...
what a beautiful ass!
so yummy
who else wants to dp that girl? One in the ass and one in that lovely cunt of hers..... O.O
all that ass , its just plain fat !
Definately this hot woman can shake ass.
Shes the hottest booty girl on the web
no this ass doesnt make me horny... fapfapfapfapfap.. really not at all.... fapfapfapfapfapfapfap.... i'm keeping so... FAPFAPFAPFAP...cool....fapfapfapFAPFAPohyesssssss....
oh man i want that pussy
What's her real full name?
unbelievable woman here.... unbelievable!!
Damn! We dont get many girls like you in Australia xxxx
i would like you to shake like that all over my face and dick.
youre so hot i wanna fuck you
i wanna fuck the shit out ya big ass
My girlfriend looks at her and with my girlfriend in bed nice big ass and tits
where can i meet you?
love this ass baby wow
seriously, this has to be the best ass i've ever seen. No joke. Don't you dare stop making these Roxy ahaha
she has great booty shaking skills, LOVE IT
Damn the hottest girl i have ever seen.
I would marry that in a minute...no questions asked! WOW!
u are fantastic hermosa
I wanna fuck you all the night long.
Auto-focus is not your friend!!!
wow I would like to put my winki in your twinkie
fuck me!!!
Roxy is the best, forget about the rest!
I can't stop jacking off to this!
I think i know every cm of your arse by now, have watched this clip at least 20 times. love it. Please give us more Roxy. Your the best.
Anyone who thinks this is a nice ass has GOT to be smoking something illegal. I can hear her getting fatter.
why she is always alone...
hello roxy, i'm so crazy about you, i would like to create a roxy fan group, if u give me a go ahead. you make us all happy
Too flat for my likings :-)
I have nothing to say, but wow. You have a very beautiful face and eyes. your guy is one lucky guy
Your so fucking sexy. i cant take it. i would wife you. No lie
Thats a very fuckable Ass you got there
Hey bb i wanna fuck u all night all
esta bien buena
You are the best and had got the sexiest ass... u r gooood
You've outdone yourself again Babe! My Wife and I get off To You Just about every day...Keep it Up Sweetheart!
You should do a facesitting video!


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Typically, we don't really talk about direct sales companies on A Girl's Gotta Spa! However, I couldn't help but be proud of a local Northeast PA woman who was recently spotlight on TV in an Avon commercial. So I asked Jill Saylor to send along her tips for staying beautiful both inside and out.
1. Stay Clear of Negative People. Misery really loves company and there will always be people who don't understand the choices you make. Hold strong to your positive nature and what you really want. When I first started selling Avon, I wasn't making a lot of money and I had friends who would discourage me, but in the end I kept pushing myself and now I'm extremely happy with how I've grown my Avon business. I have been able to financially support my children on my own doing everything from moving them to a bigger home to helping them buy their first cars. It just goes to show that if you keep going with your gut feeling and stay true to how you feel, things will work out.
2. Push through your fears. I used to be afraid of everything. I wasn't able to get over my own fears until I made a choice to start with the small ones and take them on one at a time. Most importantly, I watched myself as I overcame them thinking how easy it was! Think about the worst case scenario. If you can push past that, you can start to question why you were afraid in the first place. As time goes on you continue to get stronger and before you know it, you are conquering your bigger fears.
3. Forgive those who have caused you pain. It's important to let go. Forgive but don't forget because you want to learn from that experience. The longer you hold on to something negative, the further you keep yourself away from the positive things in life. A lot of people struggle with this. It is a hard thing to do. An exercise I put into practice is to look at the person, imagine good things happening to them, and be happy for them.
4. Take time for yourself. As women we tend to want to please everyone forgetting about ourselves. Because of this we end up bitter or possibly resenting people because we feel like we don't have time for ourselves when in reality we're the only ones to hold responsible for neglecting ourselves. If I don't take care of myself, I'm no good to myself or anyone else, so I always make sure to pamper myself!
5. Believe in yourself and your abilities. We are given strengths and talents that we may not even know we have. Know that you are full of greatness and deserve a life full of happiness.
About Jill Saylor:
Jill, recently featured in Avon's national commercial "Be Your Best with the Best," is a single mother of four. She has 21 year-old twins and two other daughters, ages 19 and 16. Inspired by the success of her friends who sell Avon, Jill decided to join Avon to be a stay-at-home mom and to provide some financial cushion for her family. She has been running her Avon business for 15 years and feels it truly fits her lifestyle. In an attempt to reduce her transportation costs, Jill has redirected her sales efforts to her online Avon store, utilizing social media outlets like Facebook. Jill mostly enjoys the flexible schedule and financial freedom that Avon provides, the relationships she has built and the comfort of being her own boss.
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About the author
11 Responses to Avon Representative Jill Saylor's 5 Tips for Staying Beautiful Inside and Out
eileen gifford
so true to live by all that u said, forgive but never forget, dont hold grudges, cause it only makes your life worst, you are a beautiful person. hope to see ya soon
Caroline S English-Hardison
Jill, you are so right on with your 5 tips. I share the same with my Avon down line. I have also been selling for 15 years. When one door closed another opened and I have never resented walking thru it since.
Arnis Boschulte
Thank you Jill for your comments they are very
encouraging. I am a new Avon Rep. I have always
like Avon products since the time I was a child. I would
like to acquire some of the old bottles one day.
Your comments came in a timely manner Thank you.
Arnis Boschulte
I could give you a Hugh Hug!
Thank you, Thank you, Thank you!
Sue Mackes
Jill, Your words are inspiring. Words I will remember when people try to discourage me from trying to make a good living through Avon.
Pam Heller
Jill is one of the most inspirational and strong women I know — I've had the honor of working with her for the last 15 years and proud to say she is my friend!
Donna Peart
Jill i am so happy to read your 5 tips. Look living in Jamaica it is not easy, but i am happy because i too have some guide lines that i follow. I do agree with you in all that you have said and i am sure to put them in play. I know this will help me to become a great AVON rep.
Cynthia Kline
I totally agree with all you said to let go of something is a relief.
Sharon Messier
Jill truly is an inspirational woman that I admire. She is a strong leader, has solid relationships with others and those that are fortunate enough to know and work with her must realize what a blessing she is in their lives.
Marla Selby
Thanks for the comment about negative people. I call them "dream thieves", they have a manual & they go around & read it. I started selling in 12/11 & still can't get off the ground but it will happen. 2 bouts with pnuemonia didn't exactly help but I'm in for the long haul. Losers don't like winners
Jill Saylor
I'm just getting back to Twitter and came across this. I know it's been awhile but Thankyou to those who had such nice comments. Great things are coming!!!


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Free family concert
The Woodinville Friends of the Library Sunday Concert Series presents a special concert for young children and families May 19, at 3 p.m. at the Woodinville Library.
The concert features singer/songwriter Bob Barbey, who is noted for the songs he has written, such as "Boomerang," as well as the Everett Symphony's "Popsicle Pops" concerts.
Barbey's songs are about family, friends, nature, personal worth, and "the everyday world around the child in all of us." His style ranges from jazz to rock, gospel, and blues. His songs include "I Like You Better than Peanut Butter," "Lucky Dog," "The Bumble Bee," and "Grandma's Place."
The free concert is hosted by the Woodinville Friends of the LIbrary and are sponsored by Dennis and Deborah DeYoung. For more information, call the Woodinville Library, 788-0733. The Woodinville Library is at 17105 Avondale Rd. NE.


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Spring Flora Walk at the KU Field Station and Ecological Reserves
Bring your walking shoes for this field trip that will take up to 20 people to the tallgrass prairie and deciduous forest of the KU Field Station and Ecological Reserves north of Lawrence. Led by Craig Freeman, botany curator, the trip includes a visit to the Rockefeller Prairie, home to more than 200 native plants. Transportation provided. Registration by April 30 required.
May 02, 2009
12:00 pm - 04:00 pm
Dyche Hall
Cost: $10 public; $5 museum members


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Tissue Transplantation contains chapters on transplantation history, transplantation immunology, organ preservation, immunosuppression, and cancer, as well as chapters on the transplantation of specific organs (kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, lung, parathyroid and adrenal glands, skin, and cornea) and specific tissues (bone and cartilage). There is no chapter on intestinal transplantation, which is rarely done in patients. Perhaps, there should have been a chapter on bone marrow transplantation. The book is primarily a clinical book written for clinicians, but there are ample references for the reader interested in experimental sources.
The material presented is almost uniformly well selected and accurate. The tables and illustrations generally complement the text without overwhelming the reader. Although the field of transplantation has been developing fairly rapidly in the early 1980s, the information provided in this book is surprisingly little out of date in 1982. Many of the subjects covered are controversial, such as the optimal role
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Full CoverageBreaking News
Lester Kinchion makes court appearance FridayUPDATED 1:58 PM CDT Oct 26, 2012
A man charged with the slaying of an Oklahoma parole officer was in court Friday.
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With a bounty of farm-fresh fruits and vegetables, bluesy live music, and rustic decor, Citymeals-on-Wheels' 22nd annual benefit—billed as "Chefs Gone Wild"—had a decidedly down-home feel. In spite of less-than-pleasant weather, about 1,200 attendees packed Rockefeller Center's rink and the area surrounding it on June 11, raising a record $1.2 million for the nonprofit.
Citymeals director of special events Heather Gere and her team of event production manager John Del Gaudio and special events coordinator Margherita Pilato worked with David Rockwell of the Rockwell Group to keep the focus on the farm but add a touch of glamour as well. "[This year's theme] is about chefs supporting their local communities and using the freshest ingredients possible. We're also celebrating the farmers who are not often recognized for the work they do, which is integral to everything we eat," Gere said.
Around Rockefeller Center's rink and esplanades, planners set up 66 tasting stations manned by sponsors and so-called "wild chefs" from around the country who specialize in locally sourced ingredients, including Alice Waters, Charlie Trotter, and Dan Barber of New York's Blue Hill and Blue Hill at Stone Barns. Gere said the selection process began by developing a list of chefs who specialize in sustainable cuisine with Gourmet editor-in-chief Ruth Reichl, who took the stage to introduce the farmers and chefs with restauranteur Drew Nierpont during the event.
"We made a big list, then paired it down to our A list based on where [the chefs] were located, because we wanted to represent different regions of the country and types of cuisine," Gere said.
Keeping with the theme, the majority of the chefs' offerings spotlighted fresh, local ingredients, like Kentucky bison pastrami from Michael Paley of Louisville, Kentucky's Proof on Main, or Martha's Vineyard oysters with summer salsas, served by Joshua Hollinger and Steve Lewandowski from the Coach House in Edgartown, Massachusetts. Goat cheese and milk were the ingredients du jour, appearing in everything from main dishes like Portland, Oregon-based chef Greg Higgens's Chinook salmon and Juniper Grove chevre on pumpernickel to desserts like frozen vanilla goat's milk with strawberries and rhubarb by Claudia Fleming and Gerry Hayden of the North Fork in Southold, New York.
Rockwell and his team decorated the event with four truckloads of fruits and vegetables procured from New York City farmers markets in the early hours of the morning. Floratech created simple yet fragrant arrangements of herbs like oregano and dill. "We wanted to create an earthy and beautiful platform for the chefs," Rockwell said. Planners also transformed Rock Center's Rink Bar into the "Barn Bar," where Audrey Saunders of the Pegu Club led a team of six mixologists (including cocktail catering company Cuff & Buttons), creating drinks that incorporated fresh ingredients like cucumbers and mint.
Although Rockwell clearly displayed his vision throughout the event, the evening's muggy, rainy weather was less than ideal for a partially open-air venue. Strong winds and rain started just after the general admission at 7:30, prompting many guests to abandon the uncovered areas of the garden and esplanades and duck into the Rock Center Cafe, Sea Grill, and tented portions of the rink. The evening's performers, Noah Bless Music, packed up their instruments and left the stage, and canned bluegrass music was piped in. Thinking ahead, staffers had wisely arranged oversize patio umbrellas in the garden near the Barn Bar so guests had a dry place to sip drinks.
Rather than running for cover, some attendees braved the raindrops and continued hitting up the stations, proving that it takes more than a passing shower to come between foodies and butter-poached lobster. Luckily, the skies cleared after an hour and the band returned to the stage for a loud, bluesy set that managed to get guests to put down their tasting plates and get on their feet.


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A Silver Alert is in effect Thursday morning.
Oklahoma Highway Patrol troopers believe Alberta Weddle, 77, is in imminent danger because of a medical disability.
Weddle was last seen in Pittsburg, Kansas but troopers think she may be headed to Oklahoma. Weddle is driving a silver 2000 Chevy Cavalier with Oklahoma plates 977AIN.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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We wanted to remind everyone who shops at Tom Thumb with a Rewards Card that they can link their card to
SPENA and Tom Thumb will then pay SPENA 1% of all grocery purchases as part of their Good Neighbor Program. The amount of the check SPENA receives then depends on the amount of total grocery purchases. Many neighbors have already done this (for which we're sincerely thankful!) and because of that SPENA received over $200 from Tom Thumb in 2010! This is a wonderfully easy way to support SPENA.
All you need to do is go to the Courtesy Booth at any Tom Thumb Grocery Store and let them know that you want to link your Rewards Card to a Charity. Our SPENA Charity Number is 226559. If you already have another Charity listed for your account, you can have multiple charities. For those who don't have a Reward Card with Tom Thumb, you can apply for one at the Courtesy Booth and at that time you can link SPENA to your new account in the top portion application in the "Good Neighbor Program" section, again indicating 226559 for SPENA.
If you'd like more information about this program, please go to www.tomthumb.com/IFL/Grocery/GoodNeighbor.
We are extremely grateful to Tom Thumb for this great program that supports nonprofit groups like SPENA, and hope that everyone who shops at Tom Thumb with a Rewards Card will consider this easy way to support SPENA.


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The Dolan Boyd Pritchett Memorial Lecture
Dolan Pritchett, Ph.D. was a beloved and respected member of the Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics. Dr. Pritchett was recruited to Penn in 1990, where he established himself as an innovative and imaginative young investigator. His work is likely to lead to major applications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for such neurologic disorders as epilepsy and stroke. He was an internationally recognized authority in the fields of neuroscience and molecular biology, with particular expertise in the ways in which nerve cells communicate with each other. He was a role model and a sought after teacher and mentor. Dr. Pritchett was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1991 and was scientifically productive until his death in December of 1994.
Previous Lecturers:
2016 Thomas C. Sudhof
2015 Jeffrey I. Gordon
2014 Joseph L. Goldstein
2013 Phillip Sharp
2012 Michel Lazdunski
2011 Lewis Williams
2010 Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
2009 Sir Ian Wilmut
2008 James Scott
2007 Steven L. McKnight
2006 Patrick O. Brown
2005 Michael B. Robinson
2004 Steve A. Kay
2003 Lawrence J. Marnett
2002 Steven M. Reppert
2001 Johna H. Auwerx
1999 Shuh Narumiya
1998 Bert Sakmann
1997 Perry Molinoff
1996 James L. Roberts
1995 Peter H. Seeburg


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some ubuntu stuff
- Small Business on Ubuntu
- Ubuntu on the Eee: Way Cool!
- A Blast from the Past
- Ryan Orsers' Review Of Ubuntu Hardy Heron (8.04)
- Farewell Windows, Hello Ubuntu
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Behind the GNOME 3.22 Release Video
This is less than usual. The time saving mostly stems from spending less time recording for the release video. At first thought you might think recording would be a breeze but it can be one of the most frustrating aspects of making the videos. Each cycle the GNOME community lands improvement a wide set of GNOME's applications. So before each release I have to find some way to run a dozen of applications from master. I do this either by:


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Residential & Commercial Landscape, Snow Removal & Tree Service Throughout West Michigan
Searching for Commercial Landscaping in Grand Rapids, MI? Home Owners, Property Managers and Business Owners in Grand Rapids, Byron Center, Jenison, Grandville and all of West Michigan can rely on PROCARE Landscape services to deliver professional landscape services for condos, commercial buildings and more. PROCARE offers year-round complete property maintenance services, including snow removal and ice management equipment, processes and real-time communication. Our core services: commercial landscaping, lawn care, snow plowing, landscape design, irrigation & tree removal services.
Procare News & Info
- October 24, 2015: Preparing Your Landscaping For Winter
- August 11, 2015: Summer Gardening Mistakes to Avoid
- July 15, 2015: How to Keep Your Lawn and Landscaping Mosquito Free
- June 8, 2015: Which Perennials Should I Add to My Landscaping?
- May 6, 2015: What Is Boxwood Blight and Should You Worry about It?
- April 7, 2015: How to Repair Your Winter Damaged Grass
- March 6, 2015: Early Spring Landscaping Tasks To Put on Your List
- February 6, 2015: How Snow Removal Has Changed through History
- January 8, 2015: Why Salt Brine Is Superior To Road Salt For Ice Management
- September 22, 2014: Are You Interested In Pet Friendly Landscaping?
- August 21, 2014: When Should You Plant Late Summer Perennials?
- July 22, 2014: How Much Water Does A Lawn Need to Grow and Thrive?
- June 25, 2014: Landscaping with Michigan Drought-Resistant Native Plant Varieties
- May 24, 2014: Why is aerating your lawn helpful for good growth and a green lawn?
- April 24, 2014: How To Create Sustainable Landscapes w/ Rain Gardens
- March 26, 2014: What is That Residue on My Lawn? After Winter Lawn Care
- February 19, 2014: Are Cold Winters Actually Better for Seasonal Flowers and Plants?
- January 24, 2014: Will My Lawn Come Back after the Snow and the Salt of Winter?
- January 2, 2014: Finding a Better Solution for Green Waste in Landscaping
- December 13, 2013: What Snow Plow Operators Wish People Understood About Snow Plowing
- October 18, 2013: How to Recognize Common Lawn Weeds


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Back-to-Dance Survival Guide for Parents
Back-to-school season, for many children and teens, also means back-to-dance, back-to-sports, back-to-theater, back-to-band, back-to-homework, and any other number of things. Here are some tips for parents to help their dance students prepare for, and survive, a busy school year!
Preparation is key. Before the season begins, your child will probably start receiving schedules for dance and after-school activities. It is a good idea, especially in a multi-activity and multi-child family, to have a large family calendar in an easily accessible area of the house. When schedules come in, all activities should be added to this calendar. Mom and dad can add their events and activities, too.
When the calendar is updated, it will be easy to see where there are conflicts. If there is, for example, a graded band concert on a night when your child usually has dance class, you can advise the dance studio ahead of time that your dancer will be missing class that night. If rehearsals for a school musical are in direct conflict with dance classes, you can talk to the dance teacher to see if there is a different class available that fits with the schedule, or talk to both the show director and dance teacher to work out a compromise.
Participation in both activities helps to build overall technique, confidence, and performance ability. Most teachers and directors will be willing to work with you if you come to them in advance with conflicts. Your family calendar will help you do that.
It is important to add items on the calendar with the child present, so they are also aware of any potential conflicts. Take advantage of the opportunity to talk about prioritizing. For example, if your son is adding a big test at school to the calendar on a Friday, and he has two dance classes on Thursday night, discuss a plan with him to do the majority of his studying on Wednesday night so he can still attend dance on Thursday and do a quick review before going to bed. Scheduling time to work on large projects will also help to avoid last-minute stresses.
If it becomes apparent that there will be too many conflicts during the year, action should be taken as soon as possible. For example, if choir rehearsals and hip hop class are on the same night at the same time all year, perhaps talk to the teacher to see if there is a different hip hop class on the schedule. If not, the student may need to decide to drop one or the other. Similarly, if both parents have conflicts on the calendar on dance night, car pool arrangements may be in order, or you can contact the studio for different class availability.
Because dance students are typically involved in many other activities, it is imperative for them to become good organizers and to learn how to prioritize. They (and their parents) also need to be good communicators, so that everyone involved is aware of potential conflicts and can work out compromises where necessary. These excellent skills grow right along with great battements and pirouettes, and students will value the lessons well into the future.
The keys for this dance season are: organize, prioritize, and communicate! Then, of course, remember to have fun!