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Department: School of Visual Arts
- Abstract Moments of Art Found in the Ordinary
- This paper is an experiment using digital video to locate and identify the abstract in everyday life and nature. The abstract moment occurs when the image that is captured by video loses its connection with the original context, allowing the images to be viewed in an entirely new way. The abstract moment is initiated by a transformative instant, that instant in which perception is altered and the viewer sees the intended content of composition of light and sound. The project contains four digital videos that record the artist's progress and interests. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3333/
- Activating Space within the Object and the Site
- I look at the world as a sculptor, examining physical constructs and implied meanings. My current research developed from my earlier studies of "containment" or, more specifically, "encapsulation," creating visual, often physical, boundaries around selected content. Encapsulation confers a more active role than "containment", a process rather than a result. This idea speaks to the issues of form, and asks the viewer to question the outside "shape of the form" in relation to the inside shape and content. My work focuses on exposed interior spaces and forms, allowing the viewer to enter the space physically as well as mentally and psychologically. Built in a large enough scale, the viewer could actually become the content. The sculpture's interpretation revolves around the seen as well as the unseen. I built this duality into my work by using transparent and opaque materials. I also implemented small diameter stainless steel rod along with the transparent and opaque vinyl to reduce forms to their respective shapes and volumes. This approach allowed me to clean the "slate" of an object's collective meaning and context, adapting it to the intent of my work. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5827/
- An Analysis of Basic Design Education in Turkey and Implications for Changes in Postsecondary Art Curriculum
- This study explored the current status of Turkish basic art education and the objectives of the first year art program at the university level in Turkey. Also, the researcher attempted to explore the objectives and expectations of Turkish art professors and to examine the applicability of certain concepts of American basic design education in the teaching of studio foundation courses in Turkish art schools. The study included the literature review concerning changes in educational philosophy related to the history of design education in the West and in Turkey. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277766/
- Art Criticism and the Gendering of Lee Bontecou's Art, ca. 1959 - 1964
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This thesis identifies and analyzes gendering in the art writing devoted to Lee Bontecou's metal and canvas sculptures made from the 1959 - 1964. Through a careful reading of reviews and articles written about Bontecou's constructions, this thesis reconstructs the context of the art world in the United States at mid-century and investigates how cultural expectations regarding gender directed the reception of Bontecou's art, beginning in 1959 and continuing through mid-1960s. Incorporating a description of the contemporaneous cultural context with description of the constructions and an analysis of examples of primary writing, the thesis chronologically follows the evolution of a tendency in art writing to associate gender-specific motivation and interpretation to one recurring feature of Bontecou's works. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5587/
- Art Museum Resources and Teacher Use.
- I proposed that both Bruner's (1963) idea of the spiral curriculum and Yenawine's (1992) theories of teaching for visual literacy in the museum set the stage for significant learning for students when used together. If school teachers lay a foundation of knowledge about a museum object, especially through museum resources, then the student may transform and apply this 'prior knowledge' (explicit memories from the classroom) while on the museum visit tour. When docents utilize Yenawine's (1992) methods toward the goal of visual literacy, the semantic knowledge of the classroom is then fused with museum learning, building stronger memories and facilitating deeper understanding as students learn about museum objects. This research explored the correlation of these two theories in a qualitative manner based on observations of actual museum visit preparation in classrooms in Casper, Wyoming, and how it related to a museum tour at the Nicolaysen Art Museum and Discovery Center. The research revealed that conditions do exist within the community that would facilitate Bruner's (1963) idea of a learning spiral, yet not in the manner envisioned. The observed conditions toward a spiral was accomplished through the participant teachers relating the museum exhibit to their operational curriculum in a variety of curricular areas, such as language arts and science, when docents related the tour to classroom learning, and not through museum resources or Yenawine's (1992) methods toward increasing visual literacy, as was previously considered. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5285/
- Art or Craft?
- I chose to exhibit sculpture and classical style vessels together to encourage discussion about whether ceramics should be considered a fine art medium. I was interested in experimenting with different forms and textures in order to see which combination would captivate the viewing audience the longest. I found that massive textural sculptural forms held the attention of the viewer more so than did the classical smooth surfaced vessels. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4445/
- Beads on a String: Extended Portraits
- When I was first introduced to photography, I was mainly drawn to landscape imagery. I enjoyed being a solitary spectator. Over time, inclusions of figurative elements became more and more apparent in my work. I purposefully began to incorporate a figure into my landscapes, ascribing to it a certain nostalgia and a sense of isolation I was experiencing on many levels at that time. Before long, I felt disconnected from these images because of their ambiguity and generalization. I found myself craving more content and personal commitment in my photography. At the end 2003, I started experimenting with a 4" x 5" format camera, which forced me, to some extent, to change my way of photographing and seeing. That is how the beginning of this new body of work was born. I was accustomed to shooting with a 35 mm camera, which allowed me to be spontaneous, quick and immediate. I permanently switched to a large format. I could see myself benefiting from this change. I lost some of the spontaneity that a 35 mm format offers but I gained the beauty of working with larger negatives and the endless possibilities of view camera movements. Thanks to this technical transformation, I began to develop new ideas. I tried to focus on what truly mattered to me, initially stripped from any necessary relationships among the images. I photographed pieces of time and space, filled with an emotional and psychological charge. More figurative elements kept reappearing and soon dominated my subject matter completely. My motives became utterly wrapped around human values and the differences that distinguish each of us from one another. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4693/
- The Categorization and Use of Three Dimensional Computer Generated Special Effects in Film
- There has been a growing trend in the film industry in the use of three dimensional computer generated images (3D CGI) for special effects. With the popularity of this relatively new medium comes the need for new terminology. This exploration developed a general system of classification for 3D CGI effects for use in film. This system was based on a study of various writings about the significant films, which employ 3D CGI effects. A three-group system of classification system was developed. The three-group system was composed of the Elements Group, Level of Reality Group, and the Kind Group. These terms were developed to aid in the day-to-day production of 3D CGI special effects in the future. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2522/
- Ceramics Without Clay: An Exploration into Potential
- Investigating the behavior, function and appearance of ceramic materials has proven an enduring point of interest throughout my education. In learning about the vast range of the earth-yielded materials and their physical manifestations in states ranging from wet to dry to fired, I have found myself excited and challenged to seek out ways to expand their presentation. My attention has been repeatedly drawn to the class of ceramic materials that frequently get classified as "glaze ingredients." Understanding the structural and visual qualities of these minerals and compounds was an interest whether I was making tableware, tiles, or sculpture. For the purposes of this paper, I propose to deal expressly with the physical art-making considerations of material and process as they relate to my work in ceramics. By directing my focus as such, I hope to center my work on a concern that became evident to the art world upon the display of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain: material equals content. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5817/
- Changing Perceptions of Heraldry in English Knightly Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
- The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss the changing ways in which the visual art of heraldiy was perceived by the feudal aristocracy of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England. It shows how the aristocracy evolved from a military class to a courtly, chivalric class, and how this change affected art and culture. The shifts in the perceptions of heraldry reflect this important social development of the knightly class. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277947/
- Colorful Diary
- Chapter I describes how my works are grounded in a Chinese point of view, based on sociological and anthropological approaches as defined in my work. The questions in my Statement of Problem deal with how I use "imbalance" in my works, yet still find a way to make acceptable compositions to better tell my stories. I relate how my work constitutes a positive act or event in an evolving world culture. Chapter II discusses the work I focused around the questions posed in Chapter I. Chapter III expresses my conclusion about my work and my goals for the future. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4475/
- A Comparison of Texas Pre-service Teacher Education Programs in Art and the 1999 National Art Education Association's Standards for Art Teacher Preparation
- Texas programs in pre-service art teacher preparation vary little. Since 1970, the National Art Education Association (NAEA) has created voluntary standards in hopes of decreasing variability among programs. In 1999, the NAEA published Standards for Art Teacher Preparation, outlining 20 content areas that art pre-service programs should provide their students. To obtain information on the implementation and the extent to which these 20 standards are being implemented, a questionnaire was sent to all programs in Texas. The 20 standards were the dependent variable for the study. The four independent variables used in this ex post facto study were: the size of the institution where the program exists; the number of full-time art faculty; the number of full-time art education faculty; and, the number of undergraduate art education students who graduated last year. The 20 standards or provisions were scored on a Lickert scale with six options: zero (not taught) to five (comprehensively taught). The response size (N = 23) was 47% of the state's 49 approved programs. The results from the survey suggest no significant difference among programs. However, the results showed a significant difference in the number of provisions taught between programs with no art educators and those with 1 to 3 art educators. One art educator seemed to increase the number of pedagogical provisions taught but did not increase the extent or enhance the degree to which each provision was taught. A comprehensively taught response to the NAEA provisions on the questionnaire was further investigated through analysis of catalog course descriptions and correspondence with participants. The results are estimated in credit hours and indicate that there may be a point where time on task decides the limit that constitutes a comprehensive preparation. Perspectives on content are discussed and regarded as too subjective to define comprehensive preparation. Comprehensive time on task varies with content, which may imply an unconscious marker of time shared by educators that defines a comprehensive preparation for each provision. Changing and local standards in art pre-service programs may have produced a range of interpretations regarding the meaning of "comprehensively taught."; digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3156/
- Complementary Dualities: The Significance of East/West Architectural Difference in Paquimé
- This thesis provides the first formal and phenomenological analysis of the architecture in Paquimé, otherwise known as Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. The eastern and western halves of the city are divided by a stone wall and reservoirs. The monuments on the east are rectilinear, puddled adobe structures used primarily for domestic and manufacturing purposes. The buildings on the west, on the other hand, are open earth mounds lined in stone for public displays. This thesis analyzes each building individually, the relationship of the structures to one another, and the entire layout of Paquimé in order to better understand Paquimian visual culture. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4871/
- Conversations with the Master: Picasso's Dialogues with Velazquez
- This thesis investigates the significance of Pablo Picasso's lifelong appropriation of formal elements from paintings by Diego Velazquez. Selected paintings and drawings by Picasso are examined and shown to refer to works by the seventeenth-century Spanish master. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277908/
- The Creation of Modern Fashions through the Merging of Eastern and Western culture: Spring Message
- I have always believed the design of clothes should not try to conceal the naked body but should act as a catalyst that reveals the existence and strength of the individual. Spring Message includes three phases, Spring Message, Mystification, and My Paradise to reflect my three life experiences. Spring Message is an attempt to express my thoughts and ideas though designs in fashion, which were derived from the ancient beliefs, traditions, and western influence I have experienced. Through my individual pieces and creations I hope the viewer will be able to see who I am, where I came from, and understand the happiness and changes in my life. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4225/
- Critical Cultural Consciousness in the Classroom Through an Art-Centered Curricular Unit, "Respect and Homage."
- The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation, structure, content and outcome of an art-centered unit developed for 5th grade students. This unit was designed to be an example/model of specific tools and procedures that teachers can use in the art and general classroom to promote critical cultural consciousness, which is the ability to analyze both the covert and overt elements of a culture with the purpose of developing a holistic viewpoint that values the cultural heritages of self and others. The participants selected for this study were all the students in three 5th grade classes. The art-centered unit focused on three artists-Romare Bearden, Elizabeth Catlett and Charles White-under the theme "Respect and Homage." The research methods used in this investigation were qualitative. This study was written in a style that described the research design with its origins, organization and implementation. The implementation of the curricular unit developed for this study took place in the art and general classroom. Of particular interest in this study was the framework and structure of the art-centered unit, designed around two specific strategies utilized to promote critical cultural consciousness. One strategy in this unit was the identification of art-related or art-centered micro-cultures as an organizing framework for promoting critical, aesthetic inquiry of the selected works of art. Another important curricular strategy examined in this study was the utilization of personal and cultural value orientations for their role in developing cultural consciousness and critical aesthetic inquiry into works of art. Value orientations are common general issues or questions that we as people and as cultures apply various ranking patterns. Evidence of students' development of critical aesthetic inquiry into the focused works of art was documented and discussed, along with evidence of students' expanded understanding of art and culture. That evidence, added to students' personal, reflective ideas exhibited in the context of their personal art making, provided the record of students' growth in critical cultural consciousness used in this study. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4597/
- Critical Theory and Preservice Art Education: One Art Teacher Educator's Journey of Equipping Art Teachers for Inclusion.
- This qualitative action research study examines how critical theory defined and guided my practice as an art teacher educator while I provided inclusion training for seven preservice art teachers during their student teaching. Sources of data included a personal journal, the inclusion curriculum I created for the preservice teachers and questionnaires and interviews. Primary findings indicated that critical theory had a substantive impact on the evolving development of my teaching philosophy, in particular my attention to issues of power redistribution in the classroom and my developing notion of teaching as form of artistry. The findings of this study also indicate that the primary impact of critical theory upon the preservice teachers was the articulation of their personal narratives and its relation to the development of their teaching identities. Further, mentoring these preservice art teachers in critical theory increased their competence in solving educational dilemmas. A primary finding of this study was how significant of a role the supervising or mentor teacher plays in developing preservice teachers' identity. As this is acknowledged, valued and utilized, more collaborative relationships among these stakeholders in the education of the preservice art teacher can be forged. The study provides implications for art teacher educators as they provide inclusion training to preservice teachers. These include honoring narratives, articulating a broader notion of inclusion, and using context-specific instructional tools while preservice teachers are completing fieldwork with students with disabilities. One suggestion for future research is to conduct longitudinal studies which explore and validate the impact of critical theory upon art teacher educators and preservice art teachers during the student teaching semester and several years beyond. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6139/
- Crystalline Surface Challenge
- Ever since I became interested in the world of ceramics, crystalline glazes have been the most fascinating and challenging to me. Even though crystalline glazes are the most difficult and elusive to potters, their spectacular results (when done right) keep me coming back. Over the last year I have developed a crystalline glaze that yields consistent and excellent results. During this period, I have worked with these glazes in the traditional manor, being that they are only applied to smooth porcelain vessels. My proposal will be to attempt crystalline glazes on different surface textures. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4488/
- Dallas as Region: Mark Lemmon's Gothic Revival Highland Park Presbyterian Church
- Informed by the methodology utilized in Peter Williams's Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States (1997), the thesis examines Mark Lemmon's Gothic Revival design for the Highland Park Presbyterian Church (1941) with special attention to the denomination and social class of the congregation and the architectural style of the church. Beginning with the notion that Lemmon's church is more complex than an expression of the Southern cultural region defined by Williams, the thesis presents the opportunity to examine the church in the context of the unique cultural region of the city of Dallas. Church archival material supports the argument that the congregation deliberately sought to identify with both the forms and ideology of the late nineteenth-century Gothic Revival in the northeastern United States, a result of the influence of Dallas's cultural region. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5560/
- A Delphi Study to Determine if SCANS Workplace Know-How Can Be Developed through the Achievement of National Standards for [Visual] Arts Education
- The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for understanding among Tech Prep and School-to-Work change agents, and educational leaders, of the role that Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE) can perform as a part of the core curriculum, within the framework of these reform movements. The literature indicated that the federally supported Tech Prep and School-to-Work reform movements were not acquainted with DBAE reform initiative which were supported by the Getty Education Institute for the Arts through the work of Regional Institutes. Therefore, they had no ideas about the possible worth of art as an education core component. Also, DBAE was not acquainted with Tech Prep and School-to-Work and therefore had established no common terminology to communicate the power of what they do in a manner which was relevant to that audience. The DBAE Regional Institutes provided individuals to assist in the development and validation of the study tools, and to participate in the pilot study. The Regional Institutes also identified the 10 Discipline-Based Art Education experts who composed the national Delphi panel for the study. The findings were reported according to research questions. They show the national Delphi panels' perceptions of which SCANS skills can be developed by Content Standards and Performance Standards from the National Standards for [Visual] Arts Education. The study concluded that: 1) there is a relationship between the Content and Performance Standards taken from the National Standards for [Visual] Arts Education and the SCANS skills; 2) SCANS Basic skills, Thinking skills, Resources skills, Information skills and Systems skills could be developed through the achievement of the Performance Standards of the National Standards for [Visual] Arts Education; and 3) the relationship between the SCANS Workplace Know-How skills and the National Standards for [Visual] Art Education was validated by a national Delphi panel. Recommendations were made for DBAE, Tech Prep and School-to-Work, and Future Studies. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500429/
- The Desires of Rebecca Horn: Alchemy and the Mechanics of Interpretation
- The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the use of alchemy within the work of Rebecca Horn, to elucidate its presence in her work, and to illuminate its purpose as a personal philosophy and as a creative tool. The use of alchemy within Horn's work occurs as a process of revelation and transformation. Alchemy is revealed as a spiritual philosophy and as an interpretative system through the changes that occur in Horn's oeuvre. Throughout Horn's career, alchemy has developed into an interpretive system, a type of spiritual and cosmic perspective, that allows the artist to study, access, and meld diverse realities (sacred and profane) and diverse social systems (religious and scientific) into a more holistic and spiritually infused reality for herself and society-at-large. The purpose of her work is to help reinvest contemporary life with a spiritual presence by offering a model and a means of bringing the sacred into the profane. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278016/
- The Destruction of the Imagery of Saint Thomas Becket
- This thesis analyzes the destruction of imagery dedicated to Saint Thomas Becket in order to investigate the nature of sixteenth-century iconoclasm in Reformation England. In doing so, it also considers the veneration of images during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Research involved examining medieval and sixteenth-century historical studies concerning Becket's life and cult, anti-Becket sentiment prior to the sixteenth century, and the political circumstances in England that led to the destruction of shrines and imagery. This study provides insight into the ways in which religious images could carry multifaceted, ideological significance that represented diversified ideas for varying social strata--royal, ecclesiastical and lay. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278647/
- Dialogue: An Exhibition of Ceramic Sculpture
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I want the viewers of my work to participate with me in a common experience. How I choose to communicate an experience in the work is intended to effect the viewer's level of understanding and participation. Toward this end, an exploration of nontraditional self-portraiture involving the viewer in a relationship with the artist will be used to maintain the visual dialogue imparted through the work. Utilization of recognizable symbols and icons within the work is meant to increase the clarity of my communication enhancing the viewer's involvement in the common experience. Color, as a concern will relate to the increased access and interest of the work to the viewer's experience and understanding. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2470/
- Discipline-Based Art Education as the Structural Support of a Language-Arts Intervention Program: Documentation of Cognitive Changes in Certain Elementary-Age Students
- This study follows the progress of 11 elementary students who exhibited similar language-arts deficiencies and were treated with traditional and non-traditional language-arts remediation methods. Non-traditional methods were exclusively Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE) lessons that required students to observe, talk about, and write about art images using a DBAE framework. Portfolios maintained by the students during one complete school year included writings and art production. Writings were marked using a color-coding system developed for the research project and designed to track growth in art cognition. Interviews for affective measure and the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence, Edition II were administered as pre- and post-tests. Evidence indicated art understanding improved as cognition in language arts improved. Change in attitudes toward art and artists demonstrated a slight positive change. No significant difference was detected in non-verbal intelligence. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277869/
- Discovering the Parameters of a Successful Piece: While Developing a Body of Work that Represents My Passion for Clay and My Enthusiasm for Life
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Chapter I describes the purpose of the project, which was to develop a body of work that exhibits all that I am at this point in time. The questions I presented to myself were the following: 1. A successful piece is defined by what parameters? 2. What visual qualities indicate my passion for clay and my enthusiasm for life? Chapter II lists and explains the five parameters of a successful piece, which are composition, firing, mark making, color contrast, and movement. Furthermore there is an explanation on how these parameters visually display my passion for clay and my enthusiasm for life. Chapter III is a summary concluding that by discovering my five parameters of a successful piece I now understand the elements that I am searching for in my work. My work will grow from this understanding as long as I have the same passion for clay and enthusiasm for life. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3279/
- Distant Proximity: Mapping Presence and Absence
- Chapter I presents my background as an artist born and raised in Romania, and describes my artwork in connection with my interests and experiences. Maps and traditional Romanian art are important sources of influence. The questions in the statement of problem deal with the way ideas, references to various elements, and installation impact the artwork. Chapter II discusses the installation at the Dallas Visual Art Center, the creative process, and how the artwork addressed the questions in the statement of problem. Important points are: a step into three-dimensionality with the tall, freestanding pieces painted on both sides, the use of topographical contours in creating shapes, issues of form and content as expressed in the painted surfaces, and the interaction of the individual works in the installation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3126/
- "Documenting" East Texas: Spirit of Place in the Photography of Keith Carter
- This thesis examines similarities in photographs made by the contemporary photographer Keith Carter and photographers active with the Farm Security Administration during the 1930s. Stylistically and in function, works by Carter and these photographers comment on social and cultural values of a region. This thesis demonstrates that many of Carter's black and white photographs continue, contribute to, and expand traditions in American documentary photography established in the 1930s. These traditions include the representation of a specific geographic place that evokes the spirit of a time and place, and the ability to communicate to a viewer certain social conditions and values related to such a place. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2625/
- The Effect of Constructivist Learning Environments on Student Learning in an Undergraduate Art Appreciation Course.
- The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of constructivist methods on student learning in an undergraduate art appreciation class. Three constructivist learning activities were designed and implemented in an undergraduate art appreciation course for non-art majors at Mississippi College. Through these constructivist learning activities, students were involved in their learning throughout the semester in realistic art roles in which they worked as curators, Web page designers, and artists. Six subjects were selected to participate in this case study. Subject data was collected through three methods: interviews with subjects at three points during the semester, student documents produced during the three activities, and a field journal of observations made during the activities. The multiple data sources were triangulated to reveal nine patterns of learning. The data evidence that constructivism results in a deeper understanding of art and art processes than in a typical art appreciation course in which learners are merely passive recipients of knowledge. This was not only indicated by the nine patterns of learning which emerged from the data, but also in the students' awareness and regulating of their cognitive processes. Although the research provided an in-depth understanding of this case and should not represent or be generalized to the entire population of art appreciation students, the results of this study suggest that art appreciation instructors have an opportunity to facilitate high levels of student thinking and encourage metacognitive skills through constructivist methods such as the ones used in this study. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5385/
- De-Emphasize Direct Presence
- The following paper reveals some aspects of my thoughts about art. The works discussed are featured in my M.F.A. exhibition. All works are mainly based on the ideas of absence, self-reference and utilization in art practice, even though each piece approaches the subject from differing angles. My dissatisfaction with preconceived notions in the contemporary art, rooted in art history, has shifted my focus from concerns of the direct, physical presence of artworks to the indirect or indecisive elements of their context. From this position I have felt free to explore the paradox of self-reference that is involved in performance. In addition, by transferring art works to functional objects, I have found a way to infuse everyday life with my art, and vice-versa. The ambiguity of interpreting artworks with language means that I present this paper with photographic documentation of my artwork. Combined, this will give a clear indication of the thrust of my graduate studies and the current theatrical direction of my art. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4632/
- Enigmatic Realms
- The use of copper in my work has opened up an entirely new conceptual and esthetic world. I have expanded my vocabulary of visual imagery based on the nature of how copper reacts with fire. The organic beauty harmonizes so gracefully with the manufactured material. This new material has certainly opened up a refreshing platform on which to further develop my ideas. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4410/
- Eplucher Les Oignons (Peeling the Onions)
- My creative intent is to connect with viewers at an emotional level. My chosen metaphor is "Peeling the Onion." The implication of the metaphor is that understanding is achieved after one looks below the surface and views the underlying "layers." The challenge is to find images that are personally interesting and also connect with the viewer. At times the creative process proceeds in linear manner and at other times it seems to take on a life of its own. During my search for a balance between the literal and ambiguous, I explored the circle, the spiral and the sphere. Printmaking offers unique opportunities to produce evocative imagery. Drawing is the basic tool I employ to define form and my use of printmaking processes allows for evolving the image over time. The immediacy and spontaneity of my drawings is combined with a methodical approach to image development. Exploring the spiral, sphere, circles and the metaphor "Peeling the Onion" has provided me a means of giving a form to my concepts and hopefully a connection with the viewer. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3301/
- The Essence of an Image: Image as Memory
- Modernist painters such as Picasso, Ernst and Matisse were among others who incorporated what was then considered "primitive" art, mostly from Africa and Oceania, into their works. Prior to this, European artists had appropriated Greco-Roman themes and characters. These appropriated elements were consequently recreated without their cultural context and content, altered to reflect more current themes. In most cases, attention was directed toward the recreator, the author of the new work of art, not the creator of the artifact. In contrast, Post-Modern artists, including myself, have reproduced appropriated elements virtually unaltered as a way of denying authorship and emphasizing a more conceptual format. Appropriated imagery has been a tool for me in my work. Additionally, both figurative and abstract elements play significant roles since I consider juxtaposition of elements to be a strength. The challenge of fitting these elements together has enabled me to develop a style of painting that seems uniquely mine. The formal issues of style and content figure heavily in my endeavor to capture a moment in time; something lost forever except for its persistence in memory. These reflections are often imbued with personal icons, arcane text and symbolic drawing that weave in and out of the landscape. Endemic to my work are the following: (1) abrasion/erosion of surface areas of the canvas; (2) partial imagery broken or skewed; (3) appropriation of historic subject matter or archaic brand images; (4) symbolic drawing; ie. hats as containers or landscapes, ravens that infer vigilance; and (5) a palette of complex colors resulting from overpainting with other colors to the point of becoming almost undecipherable. Subject matter is based on my own personal history and life experiences as well as my reaction to current happenings. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5835/
- The Evolution of Form
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A craftsman's work evolves with time, new forms arise and old forms become more refined. This research attempts to study the evolution of pots over a designated period of time. The key findings include that the approach to glazing was relatively unchanged by the evolution in the work. However,the refinements that occurred in the work allowed the glazes to impart wonderful characteristics to the forms on which they are used. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2473/
- An Examination of American Sideshow Banners as Folk Art, ca. 1920-1960
- This thesis redresses the lack of scholarly attention paid to painted circus banners produced in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century by exploring the extent to which American folk art painting scholarship, methodologies, and objects can be used to articulate the meaning and significance of banner painting. This study expands the disciplinary treatment of banner painting by introducing domesticated art as a means of representing non-academic art produced in the U.S. The thesis also presents a model for exploring banner painting after identifying traditional American folk art painting methodologies, which fail to investigate banner painting style, format, and artistic training associated with banner work. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3302/
- An Examination of Factors Contributing to Critical Thinking and Student Interest in an On-line College-level Art Criticism Course
- This qualitative case study research examined how constructivist problem-based learning facilitated higher level thinking, increased interest in art, and affected attitude toward on-line courses in an undergraduate philosophical aesthetics and interpretation of art criticism course. The research conducted for this study suggests that constructivist problem-based learning does facilitate higher level thinking and increases student interest in art and in on-line classes. Active learning assignments, along with the constructivist collaborative class atmosphere, encouraged students to think more deeply about their personal values concerning art and to consider alternative views. Problem-based learning in this class acted as a scaffold to aid in understanding the material and then in applying the material to unique and real-life situations. Each subject came to the course with certain thinking skills and left with increased knowledge about art but also with increased critical thinking skills for critically examining and discussing art. Participants completed the course with more confidence in their critical thinking ability and in dealing with visual art images. Data was gathered from seven study participants in the form of highly-structured interviews, an early and final critical writing analysis, a major problem assignment and its reflection journal, a beginning survey, and two final surveys. The final major problem involved an individual proposal followed by a collaborative group proposal. Group collaboration constituted the most frustration and problem within the constructivist design of the class. This research took a relativistic viewpoint in gathering data and interpreting meaning. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4005/
- Experiencing the view.
- This article discusses the way people experience the landscape. Tracing the progress of landscape photography from the late nineteenth century to the present, the author introduces the way concepts in landscape photography have changed. The author's photographs are discussed regarding how they build on the foundation of this historical precedent. Using photographs of individuals at places they think are special, the author examines their perception of landscape. The positions and actions of the subjects shape the way their attitudes are conveyed. The concept of beauty is discussed as it relates to the appreciation of landscape. By discussing with the subjects why these places are special and photographing with the intent to convey what those reasons are, the author's photographs examine the relationship of people to the landscape. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4197/
- Exploration of Sculpture
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The images that I sculpt deal with reflections of human traits. Wood lends itself to this endeavor, offering minimal resistance to manipulation. Keeping the origin and qualities of the material while manipulating it into another object is a statement within itself. Letting the wood do what it does naturally keeps the viewer in touch with the fact it is still just an object of nature. Wood does not make itself any less real because of the relationship of the sculpture to it as wood. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5841/
- The Exploration of Surface and Texture on the Inside and Outside of My Sculpture
- After generating work for many years in an intuitive, "truth to materials" mindset my intent was to explore the interior possibilities of my sculptural forms and relate these if possible, to the exterior. Alongside this exploration of the interior I introduced surface texture and color onto both interior/exterior surfaces. In some cases the work had undergone a change, which lent new meaning and provided new relationships to exist between the interior/exterior of my sculpture. Not all of the work was satisfactory to me, though I feel there were many positive results from work that may not have been successful. I found that the integration of the interior/exterior dialogue into my existing work provided new meaning allowing new relationships within the work that had not existed previously. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3339/
- Exploration through Materials and the Transformation of the Commonplace
- The challenge of this project was to present subject matter in a way that did not seem common to the viewer. With this goal in mind, I aimed to switch the traditional roles of material and form in order to aesthetically elevate the commonplace. For my proposed project I combined traditional sculptural materials and processes with commonplace subject matter. I took a chance at the beginning of this project by making something that I had been joking about until I realized that this might be an interesting piece. From this point on I made a conscious effort to make whatever popped in my head. Although I am not a literary person, it seems that with this body of work I backed into what I might call "ironical metaphor." digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5825/
- Eye of the beholder: Children respond to beauty in art.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if beauty was important to elementary age children when exploring and making aesthetic judgements about works of art and to determine the criteria elementary students used in judging beauty in works of art. This study also explored beauty as a concept that could be used as an organizing idea for designing a thematic unit with the purpose of introducing elementary students to postmodern art and issues. One hundred and sixty first grade and fourth grade students looked at 20 pairs of art reproductions and picked the artwork they considered the most beautiful. The criteria elementary students use for determining beauty in artworks was found to be color, realism, subject matter and physical appearance of the subject of the work of art. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3081/
- Faith and politics: The socio-political discourses engaged by Mexican ex-voto paintings from the nineteenth-century and beyond.
- The Universalis Ecclesiae of 1508 authorized Spanish colonization of the Americas in return for the conversion of native populations to Christianity. From its inception therefore, the Mexican nation lived an alliance between Church and State. This alliance promoted the transfer of Castilian Catholicism to American shores. Catholic practices, specifically the ex-voto tradition, visualize this intermingling of religion and politics. The ex-voto is a devotional painting that expresses gratitude to a religious figure for his/her intervention in a moment of peril. It is commissioned by the devotee as a means of direct communication to the divine. This project analyzes 40 Mexican ex-votos for their reflection of political issues in Mexico. I assert that the Mexican ex-votos engage discussions of social politics. To support this argument, visualizations of socio-political discourses such as the Virgin of Guadalupe as a national religious symbol, police action and economic disparity were examined. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5274/
- Fashion Circles
- Through this body of work and this paper the possibilities of using Fashion Design to express the concepts of the circle has been explored. This was done with three questions in mind: How can I use the shape of the circle as inspiration for fashion design? How can I express related words and phrases in my design? and How can I use the colors black and white to emphasize the concept of my design. To answer these questions I have created two groups of garments: one was inspired by circular objects, such as cherries and drops, and the other starting from words and phrases such as "study circle" and "circle the wagons." In the first group the emphasis was on the aesthetics of the garment while the second group was more focused on meaning. All garments are black and white. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4401/
- Feminist Design Methodology: Considering the Case of Maria Kipp
- This thesis uses the work and career of the textile designer Maria Kipp to stage a prolegomena concerning how to write about a female designer active during the middle of the twentieth century. How can design historians incorporate new methodologies in the writing of design history? This thesis explores the current literature of feminist design history for solutions to the potential problems of the traditional biography and applies these to the work and career of Kipp. It generates questions concerning the application of methodologies, specifically looking at a biographical methodology and new methodologies proposed by feminist design historians. Feminist writers encourage scholarship on unknown designers, while also they call for a different kind of writing and methodology. The goal of this thesis is to examine how these new histories are written and in what ways they might inspire the writing of Kipp into design history. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5538/
- The Flora and Fauna in Eighteenth-Century Colonial Mexican Casta Paintings
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The primary objective of this thesis is to identify patterns of appearance among the flora and fauna of selected eighteenth-century New Spanish casta paintings. The objectives of the thesis are to determine what types of flora and fauna are present within selected casta paintings, whether the flora and fauna's provenance is Spanish or Mexican and whether there are any potential associations of particular flora and fauna with the races being depicted in the same composition. I focus my flora and fauna research on three sets of casta paintings produced between 1750 and 1800: Miguel Cabrera's 1763 series, José Joaquín Magón's 1770 casta paintings, and Andrés de Islas' 1774 sequence. Although the paintings fall into the same genre and within a period of a little over a decade, they nevertheless offer different visions of New Spain's natural bounty and include objects designed to satisfy Europe's interest in the exotic. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5210/
- Formal Concerns in Conceptual Sculpture
- The problem I choose dealt with a new material to use in conceptual art. Since the nature of my work deals with ribbed sculptural forms that explore conceptual abstractions of recorded observations, I investigated a new material called composites. A composite is defined as two or more materials that are combined to share the best qualities of both. Laminated foam core, nylon fabric weave, vinyl, and resin composites may introduce an aesthetic and structural advantage to traditional material such as wood and metal. Innovations in laminated composites and methods of joining unfamiliar materials could offer an advantage for these new sculptures. A series of six ribbed sculptural forms were constructed, which consist of laminated composite material relating to personal observations expressed in my journal in the last quarter of the year 2000. The material was introduced in the desire for a cohesive formal relationship between the concepts and the forms. Patron, 2001 Mixed Media, 19"x 8"x 4"; PDQ, 2001 Mixed Media, 10"x 8"x 2"; PDQ2, 2001 Mixed Media, 21"x27"x3"; Bishop, 2001 Mixed Media, 23"x11"x5"; Coaster, 2001 Mixed Media, 14"x12"x9" and Putsch, 2001 Mixed Media, 69"x48"x24". digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5824/
- From Inside the Home: A Portrait of Mexican Immigrant Women
- For the past two years my artwork has focused on the cultural issues of a Mexican immigrant community in Fort Worth, Texas. The primary focus has been women and the way in which their homes reflect their blending of two cultures. The occupants of the homes are people that I know personally, including my immediate and extended family as well as friends of my family. Undocumented women usually have the most difficulty in adjusting. Although some do work outside of the home, many of these women spend countless hours inside due to their inability to speak English or drive. These women have little hope of returning to their homeland because their children are being raised in the United States. In order to feel more at home, the women make every effort to re-create the Mexican culture in their new houses. Thus, acculturation takes place with very little cultural loss. Instead of previous strategies of total assimilation, these women blend the two cultures, making it easier to adjust to their new lives. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5828/
- Gestural Expressions in Clay
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The nature of clay's physical attributes and the application of these characteristics to an expression of gestural movement in utilitarian ceramics. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5806/
- Hard and Soft
- The purpose of this investigation is to explore the possibilities of manipulating clay in three distinct ways to effectively show that clay objects were at one time moist and pliable. The techniques used are faceting while wet, manipulating a variety of additions, applying different glazing techniques, and three separate firing methods. In addressing the problem, the following concerns were considered: (a) Which of the pieces made best expresses my aesthetic concerns? (b) Which firing method, oxidation, reduction or atmospheric, best illustrates these concerns? (c) Which glazing technique was most successful? In an attempt to explore and solve these problems, a series of twenty pieces were produced. A visual record of slides showing individual pieces were made to demonstrate the differences and similarities between firing methods. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5830/
- Hojas Volantes: José Guadalupe Posada, the Corrido, and the Mexican Revolution
- This thesis examines the imagery of Jose Guadalupe Posada in the context of the Mexican Revolution with particular reference to the corrido as a major manifestation of Mexican culture. Particular emphasis is given to three corridos: "La Cucaracha," "La Valentina," and "La Adelita." An investigation of Posada's background, style, and technique places him in the tradition of Mexican art. Using examples of works by Posada which illustrate Mexico's history, culture, and politics, this thesis puts Posada into the climate of the Porfiriato and Revolutionary Mexico. After a brief introduction to the corrido, a stylistic analysis of each image, research into the background of the song and subject matter, and comments on the music draw together the concepts of image, music, and text. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277946/
- The Human Object: Explorations of the Figurative Toy
- This Problem in Lieu of Thesis documents the thought processes that led to the completion of a series of five interactive sculptures. Each piece incorporates a part of the human body taken from its normal context and placed into the context of children's playground equipment. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5848/


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Anguiano, Linda MSN, RN; Mayer, Deborah K. PhD, RN, AOCN, FAAN; Piven, Mary Lynn PhD, PMHCNS-BC; Rosenstein, Donald MD
Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Ms Anguiano and Drs Mayer and Piven); and University of North Carolina Comprehensive Cancer Support Program and School of Medicine (Dr Rosenstein), Chapel Hill.
The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Correspondence: Deborah K. Mayer, PhD, RN, AOCN, FAAN, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, CB 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Accepted for publication July 26, 2011.
Background: Cancer survivors have a higher suicide rate than the general population. Oncology nurses need to have knowledge and skills in assessing risk for suicide in this population.
Objective: This study aimed to conduct a literature review on risk factors for and incidence of suicide in patients with cancer and to identify potential screening tools.
Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify research articles in peer-reviewed journals from 1999 to 2009. The variables under study included suicide rate, cancer type, demographic characteristics, and signs and symptoms associated with suicide. In addition, articles focused on suicide risk assessment tools were also included.
Results: Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. As in the general population, suicide risk was higher among men with cancer as compared with women with cancer. Patients aged 65 years or older with cancer have a higher rate of suicide compared with those younger than 65 years, with rates highest among men 80 years or older. Specific diagnoses associated with higher suicide rates include prostate, lung, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers. The first year after diagnosis carries a higher risk for completed suicide. Multiple risk assessment tools have been developed and are effective in identifying patients with depression or hopelessness, factors associated with higher risk for suicide. However, no tools exist that sensitively and specifically predict suicide.
Conclusion: The incidence of suicide in someone with a cancer diagnosis is approximately double the incidence of suicide in the general population. Early detection of depression in special cancer populations, such as older male patients, may help identify those at greatest suicide risk.
Implications for Practice: Oncology nurses should be aware of cancer patients considered at higher risk for suicide. Systematic screening for suicidal ideation and behavior may identify cancer patients at high risk and facilitate appropriate mental health evaluation and treatment.
Suicide was ranked as the 11th leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for 33,289 deaths1 in 2006. Risk factors associated with suicide in the general population include chronic diseases, pain, depression, both older age and youth, living alone, and unemployment. Gender also influences suicide rates with males at 4 times higher risk of suicide than females. Suicide was the seventh leading cause of death for males and the 16th for women2 in 2006. In addition, Americans 65 years or older have a higher incidence of suicide. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 14.2 of 100,000 older Americans died as a result of suicide in 2006 as compared to 10.6 of 100,000 people in the general population. More than 90% of people who commit suicide in the general population have depression, mental illness, and/or substance abuse.2
The suicide rate for persons with cancer is estimated to be twice the rate in the general US population.3 Yet oncology nurses are often unable to identify factors that may put the cancer patient at higher risk.4 Failure to recognize suicide risk in patients with cancer may lead to further morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this review of the literature was to identify (1) risk factors associated with suicide in cancer patients and (2) evidence-based assessment methods.
PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched and literature identified within an 11-year period (1999–2010); these articles reported data collected over several decades. The literature search was followed by a hand reference list checking for relevant articles from these 3 databases. Medical Subject Headings terms used in PubMed were neoplasm, psychology, and suicide in adults. MH exact Subject Headings used for CINAHL were (MH "Neoplasm's/PF") and (MH "Suicide"). PsycINFO search used DE "Neoplasms" and DE "Suicide". Searches were confined to human, English, and adults.
The sources reviewed were research articles published in peer-reviewed journals within the specified 11-year period. The studies were peer reviewed and were relevant to cancer and suicide in the adult population. They included 1 or more of the variables associated with cancer and suicide such as population demographics (gender, age, type, and site of cancer), suicide rates, risk factors including psychological well-being, suicide and depression, assessment tools, and prevention measures. Articles using meta-analysis and case-controlled studies were included.
A summary table to catalog articles alphabetically by author including publication date, citation, sample, methods, findings, and study limitations was created (see Table). Key findings were organized in this table for further analysis.
After the database search, 193 articles were identified that mentioned suicide and cancer. However, when the inclusion criteria were applied, 22 articles were selected; 2 additional articles were retrieved from reference lists from these 22 articles for a total of 24 articles for this review. Among the 24 articles reviewed, 13 reported suicide risk factors, 9 evaluated tools used to detect increased suicide risk, and 2 discussed suicide prevention strategies for the terminal cancer patient. Major findings associated with suicide rates included type of cancer, gender, age, depression, and time from diagnosis.
Four studies identified specific cancer sites associated with increased suicide risk, whereas 21 articles reported results under the broad category of cancer. The 4 site-specific malignancies with higher suicide rates included prostate, pancreatic, lung, and head and neck. In a population-based retrospective cohort study of older men living in South Florida from 1983 to 1993 who committed suicide, a total of 667 suicides were completed of which 20 were in men with prostate cancer.12 The incidence of suicide in this study population was 55.32 per 100,000 older men, compared with 274.7 per 100,000 for older men with prostate cancer. Overall, the risk of suicide in men with prostate cancer was 4.24 times the age- and gender-specific cohort.12 Miller et al14 examined 1 of the first population-based studies to establish the relative risk of suicide in Americans 65 years or older while controlling for medical and psychiatric comorbidity. In a multivariate analysis, the only medical illness associated with suicide was cancer (odds ration [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–4.8). There were a total of 19 suicides among patients with a cancer diagnosis of which 8 were in men with prostrate cancer. This study demonstrated a suicide rate of 23% (8 of 35) among those patients with prostate cancer.14
In a review of patients with cancer, Passik and Breitbart15 focused on the connection between pancreatic cancer, depression, and suicidal ideation. Examination of psychiatric consultation data at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center revealed that one-third of cancer patients found to have suicidal ideation were patients with major depression.15 The study reported that for cancer patients with localized disease, only 25% experienced depressive symptoms compared with 77% of patients with advanced cancer disease. Similar findings have been reported in patients with pancreatic cancer who are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. In a summary of 52 case reports of patients with pancreatic cancer, 71% had symptoms of depression, 48% had anxiety-related disorders, and 29% had both.15 The authors reported that suicidal ideation is likely to be associated with depression in patients with advanced cancer.
Akechi et al7 evaluated predictive factors for suicidal ideation in 89 newly diagnosed patients with unresectable lung cancer. He found that 15% of patients had some degree of suicidal ideation at 6 months after initial diagnosis. Risk factors, identified using multivariate analysis, indicated that pain at baseline (OR = 3.72) and the development of a depressive disorder (OR = 27.97) were significantly associated with development of suicidal ideation. The report concluded that comprehensive cancer care should include pain management and appropriate psychiatric intervention in an effort to minimize suicidal ideation. A retrospective review by Kendal11 of 1.3 million cancer cases from the SEER database found a significant association between head and neck cancers in men and suicide (0.32%; 95% CI, 0.26–0.39).
In summary, having prostate, lung, head and neck, or pancreatic cancer was associated with higher rates of suicide or suicidal ideation. These studies were limited as they were primarily retrospective analyses of case reports. The Akechi trial was small, and it is difficult to apply these findings to other cancer populations. It is noteworthy that there have not been prospective studies evaluating depression and suicide in common malignancies such as breast and colon cancer.
In the general American population, males are 4 times more likely to commit suicide than females.11 Five articles reported male gender as a risk factor for completed suicides. One retrospective study from the Cancer Registry in Norway reported that of the 490,245 patients who died from cancer, 589 committed suicide. The relative suicide risk was increased for both men and women; however, men were at higher risk with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.41–1.71) as compared with women, who had an SMR of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.17–1.56).10
A large Danish study included 564,517 cancer patients diagnosed between 1971 and 1999 and found that 1241 had died as a result of suicide (0.22%).19 The suicide rate in this study was higher for men than women. The age standardized (world) suicide rates (WSTP) per 100,000 ranged from 16.8 to 30.2 for men and 6.1 to 16.3 for women. A similar large retrospective study from the Thames Cancer Registry in England from 1996 and 2005 reported a significantly increased risk of suicide in men. The study reported an SMR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.20–1.73) for men compared with 1.19 (95% CI, 0.88–1.57) for women.17 A gender comparison study of 1.3 million cancer patients from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, a population-based database regarding the pathology, disease extent, social factors, treatment, and causes of death of people with cancer in the United States, also noted that male sex is a risk factor.11 The results of this study concluded that women completed suicide rate (0.02%) was about one-fifth that of men (0.1%). The suicide hazards ratio for women was 1 and men, 6.2. This study showed a 4.8 times excess in overall number of male suicides over female suicides, which is consistent with the general American population ratio11 of 4.5.
In summary, as in the general US population, suicide risk is higher in male cancer patients than in female cancer patients. Extensive population-based studies have confirmed the increased rate in the male population. There are no studies that make this comparison by gender or in a specific cancer diagnosis such as lung cancer.
In the US population, suicide in the context of medical illness is higher in older adults.14 Miller et al14 focused on the risk of suicide in older Americans with cancer. In a case-controlled study of 1408 patients aged 65 years and older, he noted that 128 had died as a result of suicide during a study period from 1994 to 2002. In an adjusted analysis, the only medical condition associated with suicide was cancer (OR = 2.3). The authors concluded that the risk of suicide in older adults was higher among patients with cancer than among patients with other medical illnesses.
Misono et al3 reviewed the SEER database in an effort to identify cancer patient and disease characteristics associated with higher suicide rates. This study found higher suicide rates in men (SMR = 2.09), white race (SMR = 1.88), and older age at diagnosis (SMR = 2.42 in patients aged 65–69 years). The age-adjusted suicide rate in the general population was 22.0 per 100,000 person years for ages 80 to 84 years, yet this study revealed a suicide rate of 52.4 among the same age group with cancer. The higher rates were notable among men who demonstrated a suicide rate of 100.3 per 100,000 in those patients aged 80 to 84 years. This study also found an increased suicide rate in older (>65-year) patients with cancer. This risk increased as age increased and older men were at the highest risk. An analysis of cancer type would help further define special populations at higher risk of suicide.
In a recent study of patients with cancer, depression was determined to be the major risk factor for suicidality (r = 0.36–0.39, P < .01). Hopelessness was also reported as increasing the risk for suicide (r = 0.45–0.49. P < .01). In this study of advanced cancer patients by Wilson et al,20 "feeling oneself a burden to others" was found to be a moderate to extreme concern to patients (39.1%). A study by Breitbart et al8 found that depressed cancer patients were 4 times more likely to have a desire for hastened death (DHD) compared with those patients without depression (47% vs 12%). A retrospective study of 1721 cancer patients referred for a psychiatric consultation found that 220 had major depression (12.8%) and more than half of these (113) demonstrated suicidal ideation. Major depression was a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation in this study (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.89–2.37; P = .0001).7
Hem et al10 studied a cohort of patients from the Cancer Registry of Norway who were linked to a suicide diagnosis in the Registry of Deaths from 1960 to 1997. During this period, 589 cancer patients committed suicide; 407 were males. The risk of death from suicide was highest in the first months after diagnosis. The SMR was 3.09 for men and 2.18 for women within the first 5 months of diagnosis. After 12 months from diagnosis, the SMR decreased to 1.57 for men and 1.72 for women. Hem et al10 concluded that the relative risk was elevated for both sexes in the first months after diagnosis (P < .001) and significantly decreased with time (P = .005).
In a recent study of suicide in cancer patients from England, Robinson et al17 found that the relative risk of suicide was greatest in the first year after cancer diagnosis. The SMR was 2.42 for men and 1.44 for women in the first year. The authors concluded that there was a critical period just after diagnosis in which suicide risk was high. Yousaf et al19 explored suicides among Danish cancer patients from 1971 to 1999. They reported that after a cancer diagnosis, suicide risk was highest in the first 1 to 3 months for men and between 3 and 12 months for women.19
In summary, multiple studies have identified the first months after cancer diagnosis as higher risk for suicide. More data exploring specific cancer diagnosis and extent of disease may be helpful in further defining this risk. Interventions identifying early detection of depression or suicidal ideation may help prevent suicide.
Depressed cancer patients are more likely to have a high DHD compared with patients without depression (47% vs 12%).8 Consequently, systematic approaches to screening for suicide ideation with validated instruments hold promise for improved mental healthcare for patients with cancer. Eight studies from a general oncology population explored various screening tools in an effort to identify suicide risk. Tools used to assess depression in these articles included the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS); Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria; Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (SCID); Endicott criteria using the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Schedule of Attitudes towards Hastened Death; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); 13-item structured interview of symptoms and concerns; and simply asking the question "are you depressed."
Clinical signs and symptoms of major depression are often also present as signs and symptoms in cancer patients making it difficult to differentiate them.9 Anorexia, weight loss, low energy, and sleep disturbances are common as a result of both disease and treatment processes. Some study authors have proposed to drop these somatic symptoms from assessment screening tools that evaluate depression in this population. The prevalence of major depression in cancer patients has been recorded as low as 5% to 6% in 1 study to as high as 40% in others.9 This variability is most likely related to differences in how depression was measured in these studies. The gold standard for the diagnosis of depression is a clinical examination administered by someone trained to use the SCID; instead, many studies used brief screening with varying psychometric qualities, cancer type, and disease stage.9 A study by Ciaramella and Poli9 using 2-structured methods for assessing major depression found that 49% of patients were considered depressed when evaluated using the SCID screening tool; however, when somatic symptoms were eliminated using the Endicott criteria, only 29% were depressed. Using both depression tools, the SCID and Endicott criteria, 28% were found to have a current depressive episode. These results suggested that the prevalence of major depression in cancer patients was 28%, which is similar to depression in other medical illnesses.9 The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported depression screening have been studied for both cancer patients and those with mental illness. Symptoms, age, and gender were found to bias scores.9
Hopelessness is a powerful predictor of suicidal ideation and completed suicides.5 Abbey et al5 found that the BHS could be improved when used with the terminally ill, by removing problematic items like the question "I can't imagine what my life will be like in ten years" or "I have enough time to accomplish the things I want to." This study examined abbreviated versions of the BHS for use in the terminally ill population. All 3 versions reported adequate reliability and validity as measures of hopelessness for the terminally ill. When compared with the original 20-item scale, the 7- and 13-item versions had slightly more variance at end of life despair measures (ideation and hastened death). The 3-item version performed well accounting for as much variance as did the longer original. In summary, multiple tools have been used to help identify those patients who may be at high risk for suicide because of depression, helplessness, or DHD.
Desire for hastened death, as defined by Abbey and colleagues,5 in the context of advanced cancer is a multidimensional construct, not necessarily pathological, and may have multiple meanings unrelated to taking one's life. Three distinct experiences of the meaning include DHD as a hypothetical exit plan, an expression of despair, and as a manifestation of letting go. It often served as a adaptive purpose of managing distress.16
The PHQ-9 is a validated self-report measure that is used to screen for mental disorders.21,22 One item of the PHQ-9 asks, "In the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by the following problem: thoughts that you would be better off dead or hurting yourself in some way?". In a study of 330 cancer patients, an association was found for those who endorsed this question and suicidality; those with higher scores were more likely to be suicidal on interview.
Cancer patients have a higher rate of suicide than the general population.23,24 A number of factors place the cancer patient at higher risk for suicide including having prostate, lung, pancreatic, or head and neck cancer and being male, older, depressed, and recently (within the first year) diagnosed with cancer. Suicidality was also higher in adult survivors of childhood cancers.25 In general, cancer patients who have significant physical, psychological, and social impairments may be at greater risk for suicide.26
Depression is a well-documented risk factor for suicide in cancer patients.26 Depression and hopelessness are the strongest predictors of a desire for death in terminally ill cancer patients.8 It has been established that depression in cancer patients adversely affects quality of life, including length of survival, adherence with care, and perception of pain. Depression is often undetected and underdiagnosed in cancer patients, and failure to treat is a major concern. Based on this research, use of the shorter screening tool (eg, the 3-item BHS, which includes [1] in the future, I expect to succeed in what concerns me the most; [2] all I can see ahead of me is unpleasantness rather than pleasantness; [3] it is very unlikely that I will get any real satisfaction in the future) to assess for depression and suicidal ideation in cancer patients is recommended. There is enough evidence to support use of this tool in current clinical practice. Alternatively, simply asking "are you depressed" may ease the use of suicide risk tools. Implementation of screening tools, however, will require clinical consultation with psychiatric experts, for instance, referral to a psychiatrist, a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist, social worker, psychologist, or other mental health professional.
Special populations were identified who may be at especially high risk of suicide. Men 65 years or older with lung, pancreatic, head and neck, or prostate cancer were identified in multiple studies to be at particularly high risk. Further studies, which focus on these patients, are needed in an effort to decrease the high rate of suicide in special oncology populations. However, current studies are limited by their focus on white populations and exclusion of minority groups. Future studies should focus on minority populations with cancer. Published population studies also failed to explore underlying mental illness, such as anxiety and major depression, and will likely bias results. The most glaring omission in current studies is the lack of screening tools to help prevent suicide in cancer populations. Further studies should be initiated to explore suicide prevention strategies in high-risk populations. Given these studies, one may speculate that cancer site does make an important difference in suicidality and therefore suggest a differential clinical approach to the identification and management of suicide.
Secondary prevention of suicide, defined as decreasing the likelihood of a suicide attempt in high-risk patients, is an important goal in the care of individuals with cancer.25 Increased awareness among healthcare providers for cancer patients at greater risk may be the key to help decrease preventable deaths in this population. Early identification of and intervention with cancer patients at high risks of suicide should impact rates of death. A secondary benefit of early detection is to identify those risk factors, which are known to contribute to suicidality including depression, distress, and pain and to make appropriate interventions. These interventions include pharmacological and psychological interventions, follow-up care, and reduced access to lethal means.27
Current research is limited, and prospective trials should be funded to further refine suicide risk using detection tools and to develop best practices for prevention. Special populations, such as older men with prostate cancer, should have interventions developed and tested to minimize suicide risk. Early identification with valid and reliable screening tools combined with these interventions should lead to decreased morbidity and mortality. Further research should also explore other factors such as marital status, socioeconomic factors, and ethnicity.
Although a relatively rare event, healthcare providers should be aware that having a diagnosis of cancer increases the risk for suicide. More specifically, prostate, lung, pancreatic, and head and neck cancer; male sex; older adult; recent diagnosis; and depression have all been associated with an increased incidence of suicide. All of these variables except depression are easily identified by28 the clinical approach. Incorporating the 3-item Beck assessment tool (16) into the admission flow sheet and simply asking the question "are you depressed" are simple, efficient methods to help identify the depressed cancer patient and alert the provider to either refer or treat these symptoms and arrange for follow-up. The tool should be in place on all intake follow-up questionnaires for all cancer patients as it may be hard to differentiate on specific cancer patients at risk. Educating providers of these increased risk factors especially among those with significant physical, psychological, and social impairments could be accomplished during annual continuing cancer updates.
Again, identifying and treating depression in the cancer patients could not only decrease the risk of suicide but also improve quality of life.
Cancer; Depression; Head and neck cancer; Hopelessness; Neoplasm; PHQ-9; Prostate cancer; Psychology; Suicide; Suicide ideation
© 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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Oil boom fuels drop in age in Great Plains states
Want to reduce effects of aging? Try oil. The United States' population is still getting older, but that's changing in the Great Plains because of the attraction of working in the booming oil and gas industries.
BY THE NUMBERS: The aging baby boomers helped inch up the median age in the U.S. in 2013 from 37.5 years to 37.6 years, according to data released Thursday by the Census Bureau. But a closer look at those numbers shows seven states -- Alaska, Hawaii, Montana, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wyoming -- actually became younger.
ENERGY BOOM: Credit for the de-aging of the mainland states goes to the increase in oil and gas exploration in the Great Plains. "We're seeing the demographic impact of two booms," Census Bureau Director John Thompson said. "The population in the Great Plains energy-boom states is becoming younger and more male as workers move in seeking employment in the oil and gas industry, while the U.S. as a whole continues to age as the youngest of the baby boom generation enter their 50s."
--Associated Press


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Wearing REALLY high heels
Like, well above what's considered normal for high heels, well above 2 or 3 inches. Do you, would you, how often, etc.
I wear "sensible" heels daily, but "really high" heels, maybe twice a month, very special occasions, I'll wear heels as high as 6-inches.
I never, ever wear heals.
So n ice to hear that many moms don't wear the really high heels. I certainly don't think that this is something good to model for our daughters. It's like when the Chinese used to bind women's feet. Another objectification of women, that ends up with physical damage later in life.
For me, a heel over 6" wouldn't be a problem, but a platform over 1" is. My soles need to somewhat feel the ground. I've tried the new high platform pumps that all the young girls seem to be wearing, but I just can't make it work. I'm so jealous!
I rarely wear heels at all. I'm tall enough as it is, but I don't really have reason to wear heels anyways.
My daughter is rather tall too, at 5'10". She's mostly a flats girl, but when she puts her heels on, she's quite the Amazon!
I can't wear heels at all any more, nothing but old lady tennis shoes, but when I was young I wore 5" heels every day, even to work.
The only time I wear high heels anymore is for Christmas and New Years! Other then that I'm in flip flops and snow boots lol :)


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Pavlov Music Center sells a variety of musical instruments, from woodwinds to strings, for all musicians in the Cambridge, OH area. We carry most major brands of instruments at the lowest prices in town. We also provide all the accessories necessary to customize your instrument to create your art how you see fit. From classical instruments such as violins and cellos, to contemporary instruments like digital pianos, Pavlov Music Center provides the instrument for your musical outlet.
Our Musical Instrument Sales Include:
Contact Pavlov Music Center today at 740-432-2515, or browse the website for more information about instrument repair, parts and accessories or penny court antiques.


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Ambulance diversion is a symptom of an overstressed emergency care system facing growing numbers of patients, a dwindling number of facilities, and tight budgets.
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TV Chef Loses Job Over Resume Claims
Wow! I suppose we'd all be well advised to be more careful about the claims we make on our CVs.
I think even I need to be careful. After all, I did not work as Marilyn Monroe's personal chef after I ran the kitchen at Big Pink where Bob Dylan and The Band recorded the album Music From Big Pink. It was the other way around (or was Marilyn already dead?). And I think that PhD from Yale in Art History was really from Brown. Or was it NYU?
Anyway, it's definitely essentially true that after I became a Certified Master Chef at the age of 15 and trained the kitchen staff of the Nixon White House, I went on to become the youngest Member of Parliament to ever, errr...
Saturday, March 1, 2008
Another Chef Caught in a Web of Deception
Posted by Bob del Grosso
Labels: news
5 comments:
- The Foodist said...
Not suprised. He was hear to speak at a graduation about 6 weeks ago, and there were rumours about this flying around.
Last week it became a serious topic of discussion around here, soon enough.. bamo fired.
Sad thing. To bad he had to lie
- March 1, 2008 at 6:17 AM
- Don Luis said...
I guess I need to quit saying I went to UMASS Amherst. I did, but it was for a Zappa concert.
- March 1, 2008 at 5:07 PM
- boberica said...
As The personal chef for The Lord, I can honestly say I am outraged....
- March 2, 2008 at 12:02 AM
Good riddance, I say!
The Queen
- March 4, 2008 at 4:10 PM
- CarolinaGirl said...
from Dinner Impossible to Resume Unbelievable. tee hee hee
- March 4, 2008 at 10:19 PM
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To paraphrase the scariest horror movie currently in theaters -- Mamma Mia! -- you wait long enough for a red-band trailer and then three come along at once, at least two of which deal with hitting the road in the name of action, so without further ado...
First up is the age-restricted trailer for this week's Death Race. I've yet to watch this one myself, since reactions posted elsewhere have assured me that whatever meager hopes I have for it being just a fun piece of trash cinema -- from a filmmaker who often lives down to that title -- are to be derived from moments shamelessly showcased therein. I'm no prude, having shelf space and soft spots set aside for the man's Event Horizon and the first Resident Evil, for the reliably butt-kicking Jason Statham and for the surprisingly present Joan Allen (him signing up for it, no big surprise, but her?). However, I'm roughly one trailer away (well, one feature away) from giving it the genuine benefit of the doubt.
Erik wrote about the original trailer back in June, and now one only has to wait until this Friday to determine just how fast and spurious this baby is.
After August comes September, and after Death Race comes Righteous Kill. The profanity-spiked red-band trailer for this NYPD thriller has been included after the jump...object width="425" height="344">
Being touted primarily as the first reunion of acting heavyweights Al Pacino and Robert De Niro since 1995's awesome Heat, the publicity campaign to date isn't shy about the star power, but seems to forget that those two men, while key to that film's success, weren't all it had going for it. Let's face facts: Jon "88 Minutes" Avnet is not -- and never will be -- Michael Mann (nor Martin Scorsese, for that matter, given the stressed 'which-side-of-the-gun' remarks and Rolling Stones music).
We'll see just how right I am about Righteous on September 12th.
And we roll right into October with teen-romp-in-the-making Sex Drive and the new red-band trailer that popped up on IGN. I previously expressed my fair disinterest judging from the original trailer alone, and after giving this new footage a look, I must say: is this really going to change anyone's mind (let alone my own)? If you're already sold on the getting-laid angle and some slapstick, or put off by the very same, is some colorful language going to sway you in one direction or the other?
Hell, the difference between this film's trailers and Righteous Kill's are comparable in their unbridled ineffectiveness. As was the case with Pineapple Express, Tropic Thunder, and Mirrors, you've got to offer the audience something uniquely appealing in terms of the rating, and for the two of these three that I've watched, maybe red-band trailers are best left for movies with something to show instead of something to sell.
10th 3rd. And what of you guys? Do any of these trailers broaden any one flick's appeal? Even if they haven't, can you think of a film in which red-band footage was the key to getting your butt in a seat, and if so, did you regret it? Let us know.


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As the supermarket industry anxiously awaits signs of fallout from the discovery of mad cow disease in the United States, it may take solace in the impending rollout of a comprehensive set of best practices relating to the control of E. coli 0157:H7. The best practices, which are being developed by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association's Beef Industry Food Safety Council, or BIFSCo, will significantly contribute to the supermarket industry's body of food-safety knowledge because they ...
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Cocoa Ripple Squares RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
3 1
This moist and tender cake from Phyllis Rank of Wapato, Washington is rippled with layers of chocolate and chopped walnuts. It's great for snacking or even breakfast on a cold winter day.
- 1/4 cup shortening
- 8 tablespoons sugar, divided
- 1 egg
- 3/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/3 cup 2% milk
- 6 tablespoons chopped walnuts, divided
- 1 tablespoon baking cocoa
- 2 tablespoons butter, softened
- In a small bowl, cream shortening and 6 tablespoons sugar. Beat in egg. Combine the flour, baking powder and salt; add to creamed mixture alternately with milk. Set aside. Combine 3 tablespoons walnuts, cocoa and remaining sugar.
- Spoon a third of the batter into a 9-in. x 5-in. loaf pan coated with cooking spray. Sprinkle with half of the cocoa mixture; dot with half of the butter. Carefully repeat layers. Top with remaining batter and walnuts.
- Bake at 350° for 25-30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean. Serve warm. Yield: 6 servings.
Originally published as Cocoa Ripple Squares in Cooking for 2 Winter 2008, p43
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Service Providers
Baie Comeau Kitchens
The Homefocus.com list of Kitchens service providers in Baie-Comeau.
, Vancouver, National, ONWe supply:* butcher blocks * wood countertops * kitchen islands tops * bar tops for kitchen remodeling, renovation and design. Lafor Wood Products offers a beautiful selection of butcher blocks kitchen counters and solid wood counter tops manufactured in the European tradition of craftsmanship. Our products are built from valuable, attractive, time-tested hardwood species and fit a wide range of applications, commercial and residential. Visit our Website : www.hardwoodcountertops.com/
Ebenisterie Alain Dufour Enr
194 Av Damase-Potvin, Baie-Comeau, Qc
Ebenisterie Sm
346 Rue DE Puyjalon, Baie-Comeau, Qc
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Mayor Mike Summers told City Council May 6 he expects the orange cone season to be a very short one in Lakewood.
"Shelly is hitting us on almost every street front we know," Summers said. "They've actually got almost all their deep grinding done, and they're on their first coat on just about every one of the 15 segments."
Last week a portion of McKinley Avenue was closed for a full day as crews worked to grind down the road and prepare it for a new coat of asphalt.
Earlier this year city officials approved about $1.5 million in road projects for the year.
The mayor said he expects that by June the crews will be moving on and motorists will be left with "15 street sections that are first-rate."
"It's good news for our travelers, just in time for the closing of the Shoreway," Summers joked.
The following is a list of resurfacing projects scheduled for construction this season:
Lewis Drive (Franklin Boulevard to Madison Avenue)
Parkwood Road (Franklin to Madison)
Marlowe Avenue (Madison to Athens Avenue)
Belle Avenue (Franklin to Madison)
Westwood Avenue (Hilliard Road to Madison)
Woodward Avenue (Hilliard to Madison)
Eldred Avenue (Hilliard to Delaware Avenue)
Woodward Avenue (South Marginal to Fischer Road)
McKinley Avenue (Hilliard to North Marginal)
Northland Avenue (Detroit to Madison)
Lakeland Avenue (Detroit to Hilliard)
Arthur Avenue (Northern Terminus to Detroit)
Summit Avenue (Lake Avenue to Clifton Boulevard)
Lakeland Avenue (Lake to Clifton Boulevard)
Cove Avenue (Lake to Clifton Boulevard)
Cove Avenue (Edgewater Drive to Lake)
Refuse Facility Drive.
Phone: 216-986-6072