text:
Welcome early birds! I will start posting questions as soon as
our scientists arrive! Make sure you've posted some of yours to the room
(that way you can have a head start!) - Linda
<Q>Hi Linda- Just checking if this is working on our computers-
I may have some students join us after all.
Good to hear! I was delighted
to see you on!
<Q>How do we get access to time-series
of Landsat? We don't know how to do it.
Robert_Bindschadler Good question. LIMA is basically a "snapshot"--one
point in time. We have one example on the lima.nasa.gov website where
we prepared three images. Otherwise, you need to go get other Landsat
images yourself. The best place to do this is the EarthExplorer website
that the USGS runs. Landsat data are now free. Google on EarthExplorer
to find the site.
you ever found any preserved mammals?
Tom_Wagner Yes, as fossils on the islands between Antarctica
and South America. They're important because they show that Antarctica
was the crossroads to the world around a 100 of millions of years
ago. In fact, it's speculated that mammals got to Australia from
Africa via Antarctica. And some may have even evolved in Antarctica
before moving around.
<Q>If it snows
in Anarctica a big portion of the time then why don't glaciers
start immediatly after the snow storm ends because the snow would
compress and make ice. I know it takes millions of years to make
a glacier but wouldn't it start after the latest storm.
I suppose
technically the glacier does form right away, even though the snow
hasn't compressed to ice yet. The snow or ice will start to flow,
but very very slowly. As the ice gets thicker, the force of gravity
will force the ice to move faster and faster.
Ted Scambos: Why did you say that this is one of the fastest changing
parts of the ocean around Antarctica?
This area of the
ocean is seeing a lot less floating ice (sea ice) than it used
to, up to 20% less than in the 1980s. And the land area downwind
from this area is warming rapidly, that's the Antarctic Peninsula.
Glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula are retreating from the coast,
because the water has gotten warmer, and the air is warmer in teh
summer, causing more melt. So it would be very interesting to see
if Peter I island is also changing.
can you tell if a mountain is indinted or outdented on the top.
would look at the shadows in the image. If the mountain-top has
a similar shadow to a nearby mountain that you know has a peak,
it likely has the same shape.
<Q>In Mark from Millinocket
Middle School's proposal what would some of the effects and problems
that would happen if the supposed volcano were to erupt?
about how an erupting volcano changes the environment from what
was there the day before the eruption. A volcano adds heat and
ash. Heat would melt the snow and ice. Ash that lands on the
surface would make the surface darker which would absorb more
solar radiation, leading to more melting.
<Q>In Alex from
Millinocket Middle School'd proposal what is the real possibilty
of finding dinosaur bones and such? Wouldn't the bones have been
crushed by the flowing ice already?
It's possible,
but most researchers search for fossils on rock. If the dinos were
there before the ice was there, there would be no bones in the
<Q>In Mark from Millinocket
Middle School's proposal if a volcanic eruption were to happen
what would the effects or the problems that would happen
in Antarctica?
Good questions!
There are volcanic eruptions nearly every day at Mt Erebus in
Antarctica. Check out the MEVO website--you can see the lava
lake in the summit explode! The answer to your question is that
it depends where the volcano is. Mt Erebus's summit isn't covered
with ice, so the eruptions come straight out. But a volcano buried
by ice could cause an explosion and make a neat rock call hyaloclastite.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloclastite There is also some
worry that an eruption could melt some of the overlying ice,
make water and lubricate its base, and maybe speed up the flow
of the glacier.
<Q>about how much land
does Antarctica cover
You could
Google this answer, but I'll give it to you. The areal extent of
ANtarctica is roughly 14 million sq. km. Larger than the US.
sort of machinary do you use to find out what kind of land there
is under the ice?
There are several
types of instruments that you can use; ice-penetrating radar is
similar to an x-ray of your body. Ice is transparent to radio waves,
so they can pass through it easily. But the base of the ice sheet
is not as transparent, so the radio waves bounce off of the bed.
We tow a radar system by an airplane or overland to image the ice
sheet and the base just like you see in cross sections of rock
on the side of the highway. Similarly, seismic systems are used
to image the base of the ice sheet. These types of systems can
see through the mud at the bottom of the ice to see what's underneath
that mud. If all of that fails, you can drill to the bottom!
this the only place to log in?
Quest_Moderator This is it!
Just post your quesitons, and I will forward them to our experts.
If you'd like to address it to one or the other in particular,
please feel free to do so!
<Q>Does anyone
know where Aeolian sand comes from?
Ginny_Catania Aeolian
is a Greek word that means 'produced by the wind' so aeolian sand
is wind-blown sand.
<Q>Is it possible
to have a volcano that is active but will never erupt?
Ask yourself "how did the volcano form"?
Through eruption, so I don't think you can have a volcano without
eruptions sometime. But volcanos that have already formed can go
dormant. I had a vulconologist once tell me that there is no such
thing as a permanently dormant volcano. Never say never!
there a way to test the ice at the top of the summit to tell if
it's actually a volcano?
Sure, you might
see things in the ice that show heat is being released. Or you
might see gas escaping. Or you might see volcanic ash layers embedded
in the ice around the volcano.
ice swell when water is under it?? If so, how much and why???
Yes, it could.
And in some cases water has been seen to flow under the ice and
cause it to rise and fall.
<Q>How could
I find out if a summit is or used to be a volcano? And
how would that be measured?
One way is to look
at its shape. Look at pictures of volcanos on the internet and
you'll see.
JENNY_MVMS <Q>HI Does some one know how deep
Don Juan Pond is?
Tom_Wagner Shallow!
You can walk across it and not get your knees wet in most of it.
would you use LIMA to find rocks with fossils in them?
I'd learn about
the rocks where the dinosaur bones were found, and then look for
similar rocks in other areas of the TransAntarctic Mountains with
<Q>I have a question for
the students--what intrigued you to learn about LIMA/
<Q>What percentage
of Antarctica has been thoroughly explored?
Great question. Via satellite,
we "seen" it
all, but seeing it one way doesn't tell us all that we want to
know. If anything, it leads to new questions. Field teams can
only visit small parts of the surface. That's why data like LIMA
are so valuable. It lets scientists see a lot and let them pick
the most interesting places to go work. Back to your question--very
few areas have been "thoroughly explored", well less
than 1%
<Q>Do you know why Onyx River
is the only river in Anarctica?
Well, you need
two things for the river--water and a place for it to flow. In
Antarctica, both of those are rare!
are some of the most interesting artifacts you have found in Antarctica?
That -I- have
found.... hmm. I visited some of the old hut buildings that Scott
and Shackleton used in their early visits, but those are like museums,
they were re-found a long time ago and are protected as monuments
to the early heros. I have found some flags and poles in the middle
of the ice sheet that had been left behind ~20 years earlier -
it was odd to see a flag on a very short pole flapping in the snow,
and to know that the pole was really 8 feet long. The flag was
all threads and ragged, and had faded in the sun.
think there might be pieces of ice breaking off the Tofte Glacier
and eventually floating away and melting in warm waters, but we
don't know where to look for this information-help!
One way might
be to compare the LIMA images of Tofte with other images of that
glacier in the past.
<Q>what type
of resarch is most done in antarctica? biology, geology,atmosphere
or oceanography?
It depends on how you measure "most".
I think the budget for biology is largest, but there is plenty
of great research in the other areas that would take place if the
research money was there. Each group is addressing important questions.
lava go through ice tunnels and cause ice bergs to calve?
Yes, lava can make
ice tunnels. But usually it's just the heat and gas escaping from
the magma that percolates up through the ice that makes spectacular
ice caves. Calving usually happens far from where there are volcanoes--in
the ocean!
<Q>our teacher has
done many NASA projects and this was an oppourtunity to do something
new and exciting.
Quest_Moderator We're
so glad you could join us!
<Q>My question
is how can you tell the start of a glacier to the end of a glacier
Well, that's a
good one -- but its easy to answer: they flow downhill. But even
if somehow you didn' t know the elevation, you could tell: glaciers
start off with lots of smooth snow, in an area where lots of snow
falls and collects. As they flow away from the 'catchment', they
get cracks in them ('crevasses') and they start to expose more
ice. At the end, there are rock piled up and lots of sand, which
are materials from the underlying bedrock that the glacier has
pushed forward.
<Q>Can you put underwater
probes in the lakes that are completely frozen?
Yes, we make holes in the ice with "Hotsies" and
then we put probes down--even people! Who scuba dive in the lakes.
thought that it could be very interesting to work on LIMA.
I noticed that you were one of the fortunate
proposers to get 3 responses from the scientists. Do you have any
specific questions that will help you do your final proposal?
<Q>Mr. Bindschadler, how can
you tell how well B-15A ice berg is attached to the ice tongue?
I'd want to know two things: how
thick the ice is and how cold is that ice. Thickness we can estimate
by measuring the length of the shadow the iceberg casts on the
water. Knowing the elevation of the sun, one can figure how much
ice sticks out of the water. Then knowing the densities of ice
and water, one gets the density. These can be figured out from
LIMA imagery. The other thing that affects the strength of the
connection is the ice temperature. Colder ice is stiffer and stronger.
This is hard to measure from space, but you can estimate it by
knowing the air temperature and the water temperature.
<Q>does any one know
how deep lake hoare is?
I'm not sure, but I would guess a few meters.
You might be able to find this out using the web. There is a lot
of info. on this lake because of the McMurdo LTER site that is
causes ice burgs to attatch again once they have broken off?
They get frozen
in sea ice, which is when the surface of the ocean freezes. Icebergs
come from glaciers from the land that flow into the ocean.
<Q>Connally Elementary:
Our Answer to Tom Wagner: We are concerned about Antarctica's effect
on the global climate and how it might directly affect us in Texas.
<Q>Do you
know the origin of Lake Vida?
I'm not
an expert on surface lakes in Antarctica, so I'll take the simple
approach and suggest that Lake Vida is there because enough water
melted from the ice to collect and it found a local depression.
Voila, Lake Vida! Maybe you have better ideas.
causes crevices in ice bergs, and do the ice bergs crack on crevaces?
This is a really
good question, I was just working on this. Most of the cracks on
icebergs are 'leftovers' from when the iceberg was a part of the
ice sheet - but icebergs can get their own cracks, too, from being
bent by ocean tides or banging into islands or other icebergs.
But the interesting crevasses I was working on form at the edges
of the icebergs, from the forces that are placed on the iceberg
just by it floating in water. The water 'squeezes' the iceberg
- or a ship, or a log, or any other floating object -- but ice
is flexible, and so it bends a bit; sometimes it can crack at the
edge, and a long, skinny piece of the edge of the iceberg will
float away. They look like McDonald's french fries in the water
-- but the size of aircraft carriers.
<Q>How do lichen
and fungui stay alive during the harsh winter?
Good question--WE
DON'T KNOW! But there also fish and insects that survive in conditions
below their freezing point.
<Q>Is it possible
for a volcano to erupt in Antarctica? Also how do you know if
a volcano is active or dormant with the ice and snow covering
yes! Check out
the MEVO website. Volcanoes have their own heat, so they erupt
just fine in the cold regions. But strange things happen when
magma and ice meet, including explosions!
<Q>Hi Do you know
how many ponds are in Antarctica that are not frozen over like
Don Juan Pond?
Hi, no, but I
would guess it is about 10 or 20 or so. Don Juan Pond is the most
famous, I think it has just the right combination of these very
unusual salts (calcium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium sulphate)
to stay unfrozen even at -40 C. Like a lot of things in the Dry
Valleys, people wonder if the same kinds of unfrozen ponds could
exist on Mars.
<Q>Where is the best place to see
penguins in Anarctica? I think they are very important in the world.
When they die down we now tyhe world has gone to far into global
Depends on what
kind of penguin! But there are penguins all around Antarctica,
and even some in South America, Africa, and New Zealand.
makes blue ice blue?
etherial blue color is a combination of light being absorbed and
not scattered. Red light gets absorbed by ice more than blue. If
there aren't very many bubbles in the ice, the light doesn't scatter
(which makes the ice appear white) much and the longer the distance
the light travels without scattering, the more blue it appears
<Q>How do
you know that there is fricton under the ice if it is frozen?
There is friction at the base of the ice
sheet because the material underneath is rough. If the ice is frozen
to the bed, it will not experience this bed roughness, but the
ice will deform (and thus flow) under its own weight. If the ice
is not frozen to its bed and there is water at the base of the
ice sheet, this reduces the friction from the bed and the ice can
flow faster (by sliding).
<Q>Mr. Wagner,
could Joe's ice feature, the triangular feature, be a rock avalanche?
That's a great idea, but I'm not sure and
it's difficult to to tell from that image. I would pull back and
look at the surrounding area.
<Q>When you
guys are doing your reserches with NASA do you ever have a difficult
time trying to figure out different things that you are doing and
also do you do alot of reserch with Nasa?
Good scientists never have a problem coming up
with questions that need answers. The trick is to ask "good" qustions.
A good question is one that can be answered. Then with lots of
good questions, you have to decide which one to start with!
there any ice features that have completely melted away?
Oh yeah, especially
in the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. There are large
regions that were once covered by glaciers, or large areas of the
ocean that used to be covered by thick plates of ice (~700 feet
thick, 20 miles across, 30 miles long) that are gone. But the key
was that it didn't take melting all the way to nothing -- what
we learned was that a little water on a glacier or an iceberg or
ice shelf can have a big effect, by making it flow faster (glaciers)
or break easier (ice shelves).
<Q>Why would
some places be better for finding fossils than others?
Well, fossils are
mostly found in sedimentary rocks--that is rocks that were originally
dirt. So, if you want fossils, you don't go looking at igneous
rocks like basalt and granite and there is quite a bit of that
in Antarctica.
<Q>are there
any ice features that have completely melted away?
Also in Alaska,
there are some very large glaciers that have shrunk away to almost
<Q>Is there life in Antartica?
Well, there are people! And
there are bacteria. And nematodes. And penguins. And fish. And algae. And fungi.
And even an insect. But it's a good question, because life there
is very simple, so we study it to see how life might have started.
<Q>how do you think
artemis ridge was created?
I don't have
the picture in front of me, so you tell me which of these ideas
is the most plausible, given how it looks and how the systems
of the earth work:
were intrigued because we want to help scientists find good and
interesting places to study if global warming is affecting Anrtarctica.
would cause global warming in Antarctica, even though Antarctica
is very cold?
Antarctica can
be affected by global warming just like any other place on the
planet. The oceans will warm more quickly than the ice and where
oceans touch the ice, the warm ocean can melt the ice. This may
be why many of the ice shelves in the Peninsula have broken off.
Also, if the atmosphere in Antarctica starts to warm, it may snow
more (warmer temperatures promote precipitation) and the ice sheet
may grow slightly.
<Q>Were the
volcanos in Antarctica ever active?
yes, and they still
are! Check out the MEVO web page.
types of fish live in Antarctica? If there are, ten how could they
Robert_Bindschadler If
I were a comedian, I'd answer COLD fish swim in Antarctica. Serious
scientists have been studying characteristics of Antarctic cod
(one type of fish) for many years. Their blood contains antifreeze!
How cool is that!
<Q>We have heard of fish with
antifreeze have you ever seen them? Do they look like other fish?
fish look very much like fish elsewhere. The differences that let
them swim in water colder than 0 degrees is all internal.
lake hoare salt water or fresh water?
You can probably find this answer online
also. Lake Hoare is a well-studied lake that is part of the McMurdo
Long-term-ecological-research program (LTER). I think Lake Hoare
gets its water from a nearby glacier though...so what do you think?
Will it be fresher or saltier if it gets water from a glacier?
some of the salt in Don Juan Pond come from the rocks in it?
I wish I knew the
answer to this question. It's such a strange salt, we don't really
know where it comes from or why this pond is so different from
the other ponds around it. Maybe you can study it one day!
do you think artemis ridge was created?
Water erosion
from a huge flash flood from under the ice (this apparently has
happened on Mars before); Ice erosion of layers of bedrock from
a time when the ice sheet spread over the area; and now the ice
is smaller, so we can see it; or was it billions of years of wind
erosion carving out valleys in the rock?; or normal water erosion,
over thousands of years, just like the process that forms the canyons
and mesas in the Southwest, like the Grand Canyon.
you know how many people visit Lake Vida each year?
Gosh, I'm stumped. I expect
there are years that no one visits Lake Vida. That's another reason
LIMA imagery and other satellite data are so valuable. They are
our "eyes' when we can't be
there. I'll forward this message to Tom, who may know the direct
<Q>what is an ice chimmny?
I think an ice chimney occurs
where you have warm gases escaping from a volcanic environment, but that
volcano is overlain with ice. As the gases escape they melt a pipe
(or chimney) into the overlying ice. You can google 'ice chimney
Erebus' to see images of these from Mt. Erebus in Antarctica.
you know how many people visit Lake Vida each year?
Tom_Wagner Not
so many--maybe just a few or none depending on the year.
Antarctica does a lot of ice melt in a week or even a day?
This is difficult
to answer because we don't have data that can give us daily or
weekly measurements. But our overall trends show that some regions
of Antarctica are showing significant melt over several years to
<Q>Is there a certain amount of
glacier moutain or volcano's in Antartica.
there is a certain amount, but I don't know how much. I don't beleive
anyone does. Most of the mountains/volcanoes are buried beneath
the ice. More are being discovered and LIMA imagery is one way
of seeing clues to lead us to buried mysteries.
rehanna_mvms_iowa <Q>Got to go-
emma_mvms_IA <Q>Time for us to
go- thanks
Quest_Moderator Thanks
for joining us today!
JENNY_MVMS <Q>time to go- thanks
alainamvms_IA <Q>have to go- thank you very
area would be good to find fossils in antarctica?
Mt Kirkpatrick
is where the older dinosaurs were found (Cryolophosaurus), and
the islands off the peninsula opposite south america are where
many more recent fossils were found, especially from the KP extinction
that wiped out the dinosaurs. There are birds, plesiosaurs and
other things there.}
Quest_Moderator We're
running out of questions. Do you have more? ESPECIALLY having to
do with your proposals! This is your chance to fine tune!
working with nasa hard. I mean, is working with Antarctica hard?
It can be hard,
but it's fun! If it was easy, it'd be boring. How long does anyone
play an easy video game?
<Q>Does melting
water act as a lubricant for the glacier or slow it down.
A wonderful
question aimed at ice flow, which is key in how ice sheets will
change sea level as the world warms. Water is a lubricant, so on
the face of it, water that gets between the ice and rock will allow
the ice to move faster. However, just to show that many things
can cut both ways, if the water flowing beneath the ice starts
to form a network of channels, those channels can start to suck
more wter to them actually drying out most of the bed and the glacier
slows down!
<Q>why are the ice
caps melting in the Arctic but water is freezing in the Antarctic?
is this a form uniformitarianism or is global warming causing something
new or accelerating it?
Tough question,
but lets untangle it a bit. Because the seasons are opposite for
the opposite poles (summer in the north is winter in the south)
you get freezing in Antarctica every August, just when the Arctic
is shrinking fast. But I think you mean longer-term -- and I think
you are also talking about sea ice, the thin ice floating on the
ocean. The Arctic is warming fast, and with that little bit of
warming, especially in summer, the Arctic is going from just a
little below freezing to just a little above freezing -- and that
has this big effect, of burning off all the ice and creating a
lot of follow-on changes as the ocean gets darker (no ice cover)
and the air warms up. In Antarctica, things are not yet warming
as much -- and the temperature is WAY below freezing over much
of the sea ice, so a little bit of warming does not push the ice
into the melting state.
Lima do more than just science things? or does it do more?
Robert_Bindschadler My favorite
question so far!! One of the best things LIMA does is show everybody
what Antarctica truely looks like. This is natural color and we
never had a high-definition view of the continent to share with
most of the people in the world. Most people will NEVER have the
opportunity to go to ANtarctica, so LIMA brings Antarctica to THEM--right
to their desktop!
type of insect lives in Antarctica?
In the very warmest
parts of Antarctica, in summer, there are two kinds of bugs that
I know about that form little clouds over melt ponds: they are
called 'midges' and 'springtails' I think. But I'm an ice guy,
I don''t know if there are any biologists in on this chat. You
can look up 'Antarctica's largest land animal' on the web, and
I think it will say 'midges', this tiny insect.
travisa_shenandaoh.k12.ia.us <Q>thank
you for your time, school's out. we appreciate the answers you
gave us, the TAG team from Shenandoah IA.
Quest_Moderator We're
so glad you could join us live!!
you been able to find any life forms in the ice caves or crevasses
of Antarctica?
yes, there are
bacteria just about everywhere. It's gets blown in.
from the whole group, we read that there has been a meteor impact
site found, is there a group or a person to contact that we could
ask question about what to look for at our chosen site?
Neat, huh! My understnding is that the meteor struck
250 million years ago--long before the ice sheet was there. Roughly
the area it landed is in "Wilkes Land" which is a big
part of East ANtarctica. Dr. Ralph von Frese made the discovery
by looking at the gravity field from space. Meteors are heavy and
the leftover heavy rocks were detected. I don't think there is
any visual signature of the crater left to be seen.
many airports are built in Antarctica?
Well it depends
on what you mean by airport (is Millinocket getting a big airport
upgrade?). In terms of 'landing sites' I suppose there are about
75 of those every year, maybe more -- but the planes that most
people use in Antarctica only need a few hundred yards of smooth
snow to do a landing. If you mean a runway that a wheeled aircraft
can roll to a stop, or take-off from, lets see... McMurdo, Patriot
Hills, Dumont Durville, Rothera, Novolazarevskya, Troll, SANAE,
.... ok maybe a dozen. The aircraft that go most often are: Twin
Otter, C-130 Herculese, Ilushyin 76, Dornier, a modified DC-3 called
a 'Bassler'...and a huge military cargo plane called a C-17 --
that's what I think I'll be on tomorrow when we go to McMurdo
the ice eventually flow away from Antarctica and the world will
basically flood? ::smile
Will people all
over the world start to manage the Earth, take care of it, and
make sure that this will never happen? -- I think so. Smile.
John and Caiden/MVMS/
<Q> You
talked to us about Lake Vanda but we were looking at Lake Vida
so is there a river flowing into Lake Vida?
I am an ice
person so I don't know much about the lakes in the Dry Valleys.
I would have a look around the web. There are lots of biologists
and hydrologists that study these lakes and they may have lots
of info. about Lake Vida posted online. However, you may be able
to see if there is a river flowing into it using LIMA or other
<Q>Could my triangular
object be the remnant of an avalanche triggered by an earthquake?
When was the last known earthquake in Antarctica?
Wow, that's a good
question. Antarctica has small earthquakes all of the time. But
it doesn't have the large earthquakes that might trigger a rock
<Q>Why do glacier only form by the
Oh, they form
all over the place - in the mountains especially; like the Rockies,
or the Alps, or the Himalayas... far from the ocean. But in the
polar regions it's cold enough that they can flow all the way down
to the sea -- and if the water is very cold (almost never above
freezing) they can even flow out over the ocean and form large
floating plates that last for centuries.
Is there a website or a way I can look at satellite imagery that
would show below the surface of the ice? John and Caiden/MVMS/
You talked to us about Lake Vanda but we were looking at Lake Vida
so is there a river flowing into Lake Vida? Also, what part of
the year is the kite stream frozen and when is it not? Would that
show up on the LIMA or would we need to do a field study? Joe/MVMS
Could my triangular object be the remnant of an avalanche triggered
by an earthquake? When was the last known earthquake in Antarctica?
Rehanna and Nicole/MVMS For Ted-You talk of a crust of lichen and
fungi that lives on the soil surface by Artemis ridge- do you happen
to know the scientific name of the lichen and fungi? Jenny and
Delaney/MVMS For Bob- Is it possible that the ocean used to cover
the land around DJP (similar to the Great Salt Lake) and the concentration
of salt is from having evaporated over millions of years? Or could
the salt be coming from the rocks or bacteria in the are
Wow, lots
of questions! I'll try to pick out mine. For a website to show
subsurface data of Antarctica, try BEDMAP (google on this). It
is a collection of data of ice thickness and bed elevation beneath
the ice. You'll see that lots of the ice sheet sits on a bed BELOW
sea level!
Next Q for me: DId the
ocean drown DJP--gosh, I don't know, but it's a great idea. If
so, it would have been millions of years ago, so that water would
have enough time to evaporate. But I'm no expert on that and I
encourage you to pursue this hypothesis a bit farther! If I've
missed other questions to me, please resubmit them.
Joe/MVMS <Q>Could my triangular
object be the remnant of an avalanche triggered by an earthquake?
When was the last known earthquake in Antarctica?
You might be interested
to read about "rock glaciers" in
the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
<Q>Can there
be any animal life on Antarctica?
There is! People!
And one tiny insect. And there are penguins and seals on the coast.
But nothing besides bacteria in the interior.
Quest_Moderator So! Does this mean
we're all ready for posting our final designs! I still see lots
of folks in the chat room. Do you have any more questions? Last
<Q>What would
be the weight of all the ice on Antarctica if you could weigh
That's a great
question! It sure would be hard to actually do this. I think you
could probably work out the answer on your own. The things you
need to know are: 1. how much ice is in Antarctica: 25x10^6 cubic
kilometers and 2. the density of ice is 910 kg/m^3.
Rehanna and Nicole/MVMS<Q> For Ted-You talk
of a crust of lichen and fungi that lives on the soil surface
by Artemis ridge- do you happen to know the scientific name of
the lichen and fungi?
Ted_Scambos (Help,
Tom!) -- I should have searched for this term myself, I knew
it a while back. Try searching the web with the terms 'Canada
Glacier', 'lichen', 'fungi', 'protected area', 'Dry Valleys',
and 'soil'.
<Q>When we write
our final proposal, how much detail do you want? Do you want
things like field trips, proposed activities and labs activities
we can create based on our proposal? Is there a final outline
No format.
What I've found missing is some description of what would be measured.
I like the questions that were suggested, but only a few proposals
mentioned specific measurements and how those measurements would
help answer the questions. Don't just say that your data would
answer the Q, say how. (Some of my colleagues STILL don't do this--sshhh,
don't tell them!)
John and Caiden/MVMS/<Q>Also, what
part of the year is the kite stream frozen and when is it not?
Would that show up on the LIMA or would we need to do a field
Tom_Wagner It might--it depends
on when the image you were looking at were taken. But more importantly,
can you see the feeder streams? Can you trace them back to their
source? Even when they don't have water, you can still see their
<Q>If Mt. Takahe is
still active would the lava be any colder than any other volcano's
Depends on the
volcano--it might be warmer in places, just like Kilauea in Hawaii
is cold is some spots and too hot to touch in others.
the world flood if Antarctica melted?
Another good
question that you can probably answer yourself! If you look at
how much ice is in Antarctica (25x10^6 cubic kilometers) and if
you were to melt it and spread it out over the ocean-covered parts
of the globe, how high would oceans rise? I'll give you a hint:
Not exactly Waterworld!
Jenny and Delaney/MVMS
Bob- Is it possible that the ocean used to cover the land around
DJP (similar to the Great Salt Lake) and the concentration of
salt is from having evaporated over millions of years? Or could
the salt be coming from the rocks or bacteria in the are
I already
answered this, but I've got more to suggest. FIgure out how much
salt would be left if the lake had filled with sea water. If the
lake then refilled with fresh water, wouldn't the salinity go back
to that of seawater? We know DJP is very, very salty. So how many
times would you have to fill it with sea water and then evaporate
off the water, to get as much salt as is in the lake now? That
would be a neat calculation.
<Q>I've heard
that the Earth isn't perfectly round, and that is from the weight
on Antarctica, is that true?
Ted_Scambos No, well, not
quite like that, this is jumbling a couple of different things
together. The weight of the ice does push the continents out of
shape, shoving them down in the middle and up at the edges (like
a, um, butt sitting on a couch pillow). But the main reason the
Earth is not perfectly round is because it is spinning, and so
the Equator bulges out a bit from centrifugal forces due to the
spinning. That deviation is about ...I think about 20-30 miles
(30-45 km) or so. That's much bigger than the 'couch pillow' effect,
which is about 500 meters, 1km that range.
<Q>Is there a website
or a way I can look at satellite imagery that would show below
the surface of the ice?
Try BEDMAP.
It shows the bed elevation beneath Antarctica. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk//bas_research/data/access/bedmap
did Mt. Erebus last erupt?
Check this out:
swirling patterns that we talked about in our proposal are they
on our off land because we can`t tell if it`s ice land or water.
We think it`s a mixture of ice and water.
is the project about Peter I island, right? yes the swilrling pattern
are offshore, in the ocean near the coast, and are forme by tidal
currents or swirling winds caused by flowing around the cliffs
and underwater shoals of the island. Yes, its small pieces of ice
swirling very slowly on the ocean surface.
many people traveled to artemis ridge?
I don't know --
maybe 20? maybe 40? It has been mapped by geologist more than once
over the years. Who named it? they probably were the first visitors.
<Q>have many
people traveled to artemis ridge?
I should say,
the Dry Valleys in general have been mapped and visited many times
- I don't know about Artemis Ridge specifically.
we were thinking that there are meteor impact sites that are hidden
in the mountains. It is hard to get the students to realize just
how thick the ice is!
were big meteor impacts millions of years ago. They are buried
by the ice sheet that formed later, but the heavy rocks alter the
gravity field and this is how the old impact are detected. Smaller
meteorites fall on the ice more recently and are carried by the
ice to places where they are revealed as the ice slowly evaporates.
It can be tough to get people to realize how thick the ice is (have
them walk 4 kilometers!) but I also find it tough to get people
to realize how BIG Antarctica is. Larger than the US (including
Alaska). Calculate how many kids would have to stand on top of
each other to cover 4 km.
Quest_Moderator I know for many the bell
has rung and you've gone on to other classes. When the scientists
have finished answering the questions they've received, we'll
wrap up the chat.
Quest_Moderator The whole chat will be archived
at this same place. Thank your for joining us!
you very much. This chat was very informative, and taught me
a lot about Antarctica.
Thanks for joining us. Looking forward
to your final proposal!
<Q>If Mt. Takahe erupts
what percentage of Western Antarctica would be affected by melting?
It depends on how extensive the eruption. For an "average" eruption,
most of the ice sheet would not be affected, but the local ice
would be severly affected. I'll use Mt. St. Helens as an example.
The blast zone was just a few miles wide, with the ash cloud extending
a hundred miles. West Antarctica is more than 1000 miles across.
there stores and stuff in antartica?
Well, no, if you
want shopping malls, don't come to Antarctica! but there are a
few souvenier shops at some of the larger bases. No WalMarts yet.I'm
going to breakfast now (its 8am in Christchurch New Zealand) -
so goodbye, it was a lot of fun.
Thanks for joining us Ted,
and thanks for your inciteful answers despite jet lag!!
the Ohio Range part of two different plates that have combined?
If so are there volcanoes along the trans antarctic range?
some budding geologists here! No volcanoes along the Transantarctic
Mtns. Go to West Antarctica for volcanoes! I'm not sure of the
origin of the Ohio Range, but they look to be an extension of the
Transantarctic Mtns. I'll forward this to Tom--he's the geologist.
Tom is gone. Sorry.
<Q>How much water
drips off the glacier into Maria Creek in an average day?
question. Great because I don't know the answer. A centimeter of
melt is a pretty warm day near Maria Creek.
Ginny_Catania <Q>Bye
everyone! Good chatting with all of you!
<Q>Thanks so
much for the webchat- I know that my students really enjoyed being
able to ask real Antarctic scientists questions and were thrilled
that you responded. The answers will help us make improvements
on our proposals. Thanks!
<Q>How big was the Swift Glacier?
Was? is it gone? If it were me, I'd
use Google Earth, find the glacier (using LIMA as a guide so I
knew I was looking at the right spot) and then use the Google tools
to draw a polygon around the glacier and see what the area is.
do scientists find out if the water around Antarctica is warming
and where can we get this data?
There is a data set of "sea surface" temperature" that
shows the surface waters are getting sightly warmer. i'm not sure
of the specfic source, but I saw somw science paper a while ago.
If it were me, I'd use Google Scholar to search the literature.
do we find out if there are any subglacial lakes under the glacier
we're studying?
Very few
lakes hae been found under glaciers. Not to say they aren't there,
but it's still hard to detect them. Two ways these lakes are found
is to measure a change in the ice surface elevation if water moves
either into or out of the lakes, or to use an ice penetrating radar
to look for a strong radar reflection that indicates water under
the ice. You don't have an ice penetrating radar, do you?
middle school: if lava from a volcano touches snow could it cause
a steam explosion possibly causing an ice berg to calve?
A nice
connection of ideas! I've heard that lava hitting water can cause
an explosion. In snow, it might be similar, but it seems like it
would be hard to keep the snow next to the lava. it probably would
melt a very deep channel, very very quickly. As for the calving,
such a rapidly cutting lava stream could cut an iceberg off from
the ic esheet.
Amanda__Millinocket <Q>I wanted
to work with Nasa and Antarctica is is hard to learn about it and
is it hard to do?
Robert_Bindschadler Learn
your science and math. NASA has a bright future, exploration is
fun, both on theis planet and beyond. And, of course, Antarctica
is great fun. No, it's not hard to learn, just enjoy learning.
Great question to end with. Thanks for joining us and we look forward
to your Final Proposals. They will be posted online as quickly
as we can after receiving them! Bye for now!
+ NASA Ames
+ NASA Ames Education
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text:
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Download for Xbox 360On: Xbox 360, PS3, PC
The latest chapter in The Elder Scrolls saga, re-imagines and revolutionises the open-world fantasy epic.
Review Verdict Read Review
9Out of 10Back to game info
Download courtesy of:
Download: The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Extended Play
Category: HD Video
Martin leads Neon on an epic quest to build a home... with murderous results.
Download File
File Size: 254.5 MB

subset: commoncrawl


text:
don't expect much from asei for a while as motley fool is at it again telling people he thinks now would be a good time to sell as the market expects asei to have good earning almost all the time. and he even criticizes asei in the article. i think that he has something against asei as most of the time he doesn't like them-i don't know the reason why except maybe he can control peoples selling and buying of certain stock at which time he can either buy or sell and make his money that way.
You cannot relay on what they say. They are wrong as much as they are right.When he uses the word 'yawn'I agree it is a yawn stock.The In Crowd just does not follow it...This is an exceptional long term hold for your portfolio..Their businee is not going away.
i wholeheartly agree but there are people who buy and sell on "fool" that likes to think he can control the market and thus, of course, make a ton of money. i'll never forget about 25 years ago there used to be a writer for wrote for the wall st. journal and his article was entiltled "abreat of the market" i read the article for many months and followed the stock which he mentioned and true to whatever he said the stock either went up or down according to his article. one day i said to the guy who sat behind me "you know this guy seems to control whatever stock he mentions for the day and he could buy or sell depending on his article". several months later the sec arrested this guy because he had established a pattern of either buying or selling the stock he mentioned in his article immediately after his article hit the newsstands. of course, there are many others like motley fool who do exactly the same thing.


text:
Book Review 301: The Courtier and the Heretic
November 17, 2013 - Harry Eagar
THE COURTIER AND THE HERETIC: Leibniz, Spinoza, and the Fate of God in the Modern World, by Matthew Stewart. 351 pages. Norton paperback, $15.95
Well, somehow most of us got to be modern without reading either Spinoza or Leibniz. That's the moral I draw from "The Courtier and the Heretic," though that is just about the opposite of what Matthew Stewart intended.
I was surprised to learn he thinks -- and implies it is the received notion in the professional philosophical community -- that Spinoza and Leibniz were the greatest philosophers of the 17th century, both pioneers treading into the modern, one happily, one unhappily. I would have thought that Newton, despite his alchemical and antitrinitarian obsessions, was the first and greatest modern philosopher, since he was the first to take philosophy out of the study and into the world
Think what a lot of nonsense was written about "light" by philosophers (starting at least as early as Genesis 1:1) before (and after, regrettably) "The Opticks" was published in 1704.
Thinking about thinking never got us very far, although we can probably agree with Stewart that Spinoza made one of the (very rare) breakthroughs using this method.
"The Courtier and the Heretic" attempts a difficult feat: to write something serious about the history of ideas, and a gossipy backstory, and introduce something novel into a much-studied subject.
The novelty is what Stewart imagines happened at a meeting between Spinoza and Leibniz in 1676. Imagines because no record exists. Drawing inferences for 300 pages is a bold experiment, which does not persuade.
The gossip is far more successful. That philosophers are just as much cads as the rest of us is no surprise (Spinoza seeming a rare exception). That Leibniz was a cad of cads is not something I had known before; though he usually gets a bad notice for his behavior toward Newton over priority in finding the calculus.
Stewart pooh-poohs that episode but portrays Leibniz as an awful person in just about every way. What Stewart does not say, though, is perhaps the awfullest thing about this awful man.
As a conservative and lifelong schemer to reunite the Catholic and Protestant sects, Leibniz constructed a philosophy (which seems to me to be nothing but a series of word tricks without any interest) to justify (even compel) such a reunification in the interest of better behavior. Like Ronald Reagan, Leibniz did not believe a person could be moral unless he feared the hereafter.
The evidence that this is so is all negative; people who fear the hereafter are some of the cruelest people there are, and this was more evident in Europe in Leibniz' lifetime than at most times and places. Spinoza, who had some of his friends tortured and burned alive by Christians and would have been murdered by Christians if they could have gotten the evidence they wanted, knew better.
So did Leibniz, who panicked at the thought that evidence of his meeting with an "atheist" would get out.
Despite this knowledge, Leibniz worked endlessly to put people like that back in control, as he imagined they had been in the Middle Ages.
Meanwhile, the world (or much of it) went on getting modern, somehow or other, while few people knew much, if anything, about the tortured thinking of Leibniz and Spinoza.
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text:
May 30, 2002
Second Take
A Jewish girl from the Bronx, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the effect they had on each other.
This is a Los Angeles story, moreover one with a Hollywood ending. But it is also partly a Jewish American tale.
It is the story of 20 months in the early adult life of Frances Kroll Ring, written in the form of a memoir, "Against The Current." "Last Call," on Showtime last Saturday evening, starred Jeremy Irons as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sissy Spacek as his wife, Zelda, and Neve Campbell in the role of the young Ring. It recounts how Ring, then 22, not long departed from the Bronx for Los Angeles, took a job (her first) in 1939 as secretary, typist and general all-around life manager for Fitzgerald. He was trying, not very successfully, to embark on a novel about Hollywood, "The Last Tycoon," when she began working for him.
Ring was a nice Jewish girl who grew up in the Bronx, and continued to live at home with her parents when they moved to Los Angeles in 1938. Her parents had emigrated from Russia in their teens early in the 20th century. Her grandparents, who spoke only Yiddish, arrived years later.
She came of age in during the Depression, yearning to be an American, more political in her instincts than religious. She was "young and unworldly." She was angry at the anti-Semitism that seemed to be everywhere, and "outraged by the Depression." It is fair to say that, growing up in a Jewish neighborhood, the only people she knew well -- family, friends, schoolmates -- were Jews. She may have been her family's first generation American, but her experience and worldview were defined by ethnicity.
It was Fitzgerald, a faded literary icon, and in 1939 a marginal screenwriter, who served as her guide to literature and Hollywood. Fitzgerald had been the darling writer of the 1920s. It was his self-made quality that fired the imagination of so many immigrant Americans and their children. But then, of course, came the Depression and his world seemed to collapse overnight.
By the end of the 1930s, when Ring entered his life, he was a washed-up novelist and a serious alcoholic, writing dialogue, treatments and scripts for occasional films. He was still elegant, charming and preppy, a genteel, literary WASP in Jewish Hollywood. It is their life together, the impact of one on the other during the last 20 months of his life, as he struggled to complete "The Last Tycoon," that is recounted both in her memoir and the adaptation for television.
In Fitzgerald's last unfinished novel, "The Last Tycoon," the villain was modeled in part on Louis B. Mayer, then head of MGM. But as Ring explained to me recently, Fitzgerald was upset by the charges of anti-Semitism leveled at him in the '20s for making the gangster in "The Great Gatsby" (based on Arnold Rothstein) Jewish. And so Mayer in "The Last Tycoon" became Brady, a brutal Irishman, while the novel's hero, Monroe Stahr, was Jewish.
Ring sorted out these facts and emotions. Fitzgerald, she believed, was an admirable man and not anti-Semitic. She became his most ardent defender. That she was also loyal, honest and efficient served them both well. He became her mentor, her idol and the source of feelings, part-filial and part-romantic that shaped her life forever after. He was after all, her first real encounter with that other (non-Jewish) America. For him, she was pragmatic, dependable and young, slightly older than his college-age daughter. That she was Jewish gave her a certain exotic quality, but also connected her to values -- family and education -- that he admired. Their need, affection and -- just under the surface -- love for one another is the focus of her story. It ends with his death: a heart attack. He was 44; she was 23.
But Ring's life went on. There was a joyous stretch working as a script reader for Paramount and embattled times on the picket line as the screenwriters and Hollywood moguls clashed. There were also years writing book reviews and essays and editing a magazine. She married a man who had a Cadillac dealership in Los Angeles and raised two children in what might be described as a Jewishly secular household at the edge of Beverly Hills. In short, she became a part of America, which now was a blending of Fitzgerald's and Ring's American past. More than 60 years later. Ring, now at an age you must figure for yourself, has been able to see those years replayed, in close-up as it were. On the set, she watched as "Fitzgerald" kissed "Ring" in a car, and then Irons turned to the real-life Ring and asked kindly, "Did I get it right?" It was today's Ring who was toasted at the screening 10 days ago in Beverly Hills' Academy of the Arts and Sciences. The past is always with us, only slightly changed.
The story now begins to take on a familiar outline. Her children are raised without much attention to Jewish detail. Her daughter, who has a doctorate in political science, discovers the writings of Hannah Arendt (as her mother did Fitzgerald), then turns toward Judaism for a cultural and personal connection. Ring's grandchildren are themselves, at 14 and 19, bat mitzvahed, keep kosher and attend synagogue regularly. They are, like quintessential U.S. novelist Fitzgerald, as American as apple pie.
JewishJournal.com is produced by TRIBE Media Corp., a non-profit media company whose mission is to inform, connect and enlighten community © Copyright 2016 Tribe Media Corp.
JewishJournal.com is produced by TRIBE Media Corp., a non-profit media company whose mission is to inform, connect and enlighten community
© Copyright 2016 Tribe Media Corp.


text:
is he anemic?
This morning my 17 year old son fainted. He's in kitchen with me as im cooking breakfast and drops to the floor. He said he got a tight feeling in his chest and then when light headed before it happened. He's experienced a few of these episodes as long as I can remember but doctors find nothing wrong with him. Anyone else experienced this? It really scares me and like to know what might be causing it. He's normal size for a 17 year old, active in sports year round and no known health problems.
is he anemic?
What tests has he had done?
How does he describe the actual fainting (doesn't remember fainting and suddenly finds himself on the floor, fade out partially or to black, etc)?
In God we trust; all others must bring data. W. Edwards Deming
Blogging at http://loafingcactus.com
Not sure what's he's been tested for, but electrolyte imbalance and/or anemia are the first things that come to mind especially if he's very active in sports. How does he feel when he regains consciousness? Has he had an MRI of his brain?
Last edited by j3nn; 08-23-2013 at 04:47 PM.
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It does not take a majority to prevail, but rather an irate, tireless minority, keen on setting brushfires of freedom in the minds of men. - Samuel Adams
Is he eating like a normal 17 year old should or is he on a diet?
I would be on his doc like a wasp to figure out what is wrong. Remember..sadly with HMOs, docs are paid to pass things off.
Sent from my SGH-T989 using Tapatalk 2
The fact that he has chest pain prior could indicate a heart condition. I would suggest going to your GP who can investigate the cause of his fainting. A holter monitor worn for 24 hours can pick up any changes in heart rhythm which might only happen when he faints. GP should also investigate other possible causes.
What kind of doctors has he seen and what kinds of tests? I would insist on an appointment with a cardiologist and a neurologist to start with. And be persistent. Don't let them give on until they figure something out.
Using low lectin/nightshade free primal to control autoimmune arthritis. (And lost 50 lbs along the way )
Does he eat Primal? Have them do a blood volume test. We went through the same thing with my 18 year old daughter and her doctor says that she has low blood volume. They put her on iron supplements, to increase her blood, salt, to increase her blood pressure, and have told her to stay away from sugar and gluten. The next step would be medication if this did not work. Now she is eating primal, taking her supplements and is feeling much better.
P.S. I have been trying to get her to eat Primal for years with no luck. I kinda felt vindicated when the Dr. told her the same thing. Not that I would wish this problem on her or anyone.
Has he been to see a cardiologist? My daughter has the same issues. She has had every test known to man but the only thing that they can determine is that she naturally has a pretty low blood pressure and it randomly drops too low causing the fainting. She takes blood pressure pills now to raise hers to a normal rate...


text:
William G. Davis, "Brampton Billy", was premier of Ontario from 1971 to 1982. As the minister of education he presided over the massive expansion of the Ontario system of higher education, transforming its universities from cash-starved and dormant institutions to some of the finest in the world. He also was the person most responsible for the creation of the community college system. TVO, the educational TV network, was his construction.
As premier, he introduced regional government in Waterloo and other places, expanded the health care system, played an extremely important role in creating support for the Charter and, toward the end of his premiership, guaranteed full funding for Roman Catholic separate schools.


text: I am a specialist in the history of the early modern Ottoman empire, although I also have interests in the history of geography and cartography, global exploration, and comparative empires. My first book, "The Ottoman Age of Exploration," was about the history of Ottoman expansion in the Indian Ocean during the sixteenth century. Based on extensive research in the archives of both Turkey and Portugal, it explored the ways in which the growth of the Ottoman Empire was part of the same historical process that witnessed the expansion of numerous other imperial powers, ranging from the overseas empires of Spain and Portugal to rival Islamic states like Mughal India and Safavid Iran. My next major project, tentatively titled "Curiosity and Intolerance: The Paradox of Early Modernity," is a comparative study of the development of ethnographic modes of writing in early modern Europe and the Ottoman Empire. At the same time I am also engaged in several smaller research projects on topics including corsairs and the development of Ottoman naval technology, a geo-historical study of the earthquake of Dubrovnik in 1667, and "Ottoman Humanism." Since 2011, I have also served as the co-executive editor (with Nabil Matar) of the Journal of Early Modern History


text:
OpenMT: super thin multitouch surface
OpenMT is an open source hardware project for developing a super thin multitouch surface. Unlike camera-based multitouch, OpenMT lets people make a thin, flexible multitouch surface with Arduino and everyday materials. Check some videos showing the performance here.
After pursuing several years to find an easy-to-use and cost effective multi-touch hardware development platform, I almost concluded that there are no vendors or solutions to meet my (company's) needs. It is true that companies like Synaptics, Cypress offer such multi-touch ICs, it is impossible to get their products as a small company or a DIY engineer.
So, I decided to make my own. The video below is the result:
OpenMT: super thin multitouch surface – [Link]


text:
DAPHNE, Alabama -- The three candidates who had campaigned in recent months as the Reform Team won Monday's Lake Forest Property Owner's Association election by a margin of nearly 2-to-1, association officials said.
Gene Ponder, Ed Kirby and Richard Kersey will take their places on the association's nine-member volunteer board of directors for the first time during a specially called meeting early next week.
"I'm excited for the three of us who won. I think now we have a strong enough board to support the management company that the previous board hired," said Ponder, a Daphne school teacher who earlier this year sought the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor.
The central issue in the race was the association board's 6-3 vote on Sept. 16 to hire Vision Golf, a professional management company based in Fort Myers, Fla., to run all of the subdivision's facilities for the next five years for $225,000 annually.
The Reform ticket, which emphasized the need to "support" Vision Golf," had faced opposition from three men who dubbed themselves the A-Team — Joe Jablecki, Reb Bailey and Steve Scarcliff. Independent candidates were Fred Hill, Dean Watson and Michael Schultz.
The A-Team candidates had said they did not oppose the previous board's decision to hire Vision Golf. They said they were, however, opposed to the way in which the company was hired. They said the board hired Vision without getting bids from other management companies.
Vision Golf & Association Management, formerly S&S Golf Management Inc., took over Oct. 1. Simon Coulls, one of Vision Golf's managing partners, replaced Steve Jernudd, the association's general manager since 2005.
More than 9,000 residents live in more than 3,200 homes in the north Daphne subdivision, making Lake Forest Alabama's largest subdivision.
Vision Golf manages more than 70 other properties, including property owners associations in Florida. Lake Forest will be one of the largest entities managed by the company, Coulls said.
The Lake Forest association has struggled financially for years, as debt climbed and amenities fell into disrepair.
In 2005, in order to pay part of its debt and unload expensive assets, the subdivision's board of directors tried to sell the Lake Forest Yacht Club, three swimming pools, six tennis courts, a nine-hole golf course and a country club to Faulkner State Community College. But a proposal to that effect failed in a vote of the members.
Last year, the association raised monthly membership fees from $35 to $41 per month. The board later rescinded the fee increase, then reinstated it.
The golf course's clubhouse was demolished in April after decades of termite infestation. There are no plans to rebuild the structure.
Early this year, the board began searching for a professional management company that could reverse the downward trend. Ponder said it was the dues increase last year that got his attention.
"I was adamantly opposed to a dues increase if we kept the current management," Ponder said.
"As I've said before, professional management is our best chance at avoiding bankruptcy," Kersey said.
The new board is expected to choose officers at a special meeting open only to association members early next week at the Lake Forest Yacht Club on Yacht Club Drive.
Board terms last three years. Elections are held every year to fill three of the board's nine seats.


text:
Question of the Day 12/6/12
What do you do when your computer starts running really slow? Do you have a computer repair person, fix it on your own, buy a new one, etc.?
Quoting scurnes:
We compress the files and delete unused old ones
Can you tell me how to do that or is it hard?
Quoting sarahjz:Quoting countrygirlkat:
We have a guy in town that we have taken it to before but it is way slow again and I don't know what to do. Anybody know how to clean it up here at home?
Are you current on updates? Do you have an antivirus software?
Yes we have the anti-virus software that the tech guy told me to get last year and it automatically updates and I always see the message pop up that it has updated so I don't think that is the problem although I don't know for sure. I am just wondering if the files and stuff need cleaned up.
I have a computer savvy friend that, when he's not busy, fixes things for me! He fixed my internet tonight!


text:
Domain Object
The best definition of "domain object" I've found in literature is in Chapter 11 of
's book
"a domain object is a logical container of purely domain information, usually represents a logical entity in the problem domain space ... In general, domain objects should know how to
recognize which [of their] references indicate aggregation and which ones indicate association
copy themselves
maintain business logic
compare themselves to other domain objects of the same type
facilitate other objects that choose to print or display them
conduct tests on their domain information"
To this list I would add
identify themselves
validate themselves
I would also add
domain objects direct their persistence
there may be collections of Domain objects
domain object may contain references to other domain objects (this is assumed by the first one above).
--Fritz Schenk
I am not in agreement with Fritz Schenk on one point. Domain objects should not direct their persistance. They don't know how to be persisted and even if they will be persisted. The infrastructure layer is there for that.
-- Alexandre de Pellegrin
I disagree with Fritz on both of the other points, collections and references. The original list of attributes made both of his points better than he. (Collections via aggregation and association)
-- K Ford
See also:
View edit of
June 1, 2012
with title or text search


text:
Thumbs Up
■ Warren Hasse: The longtime "Voice of the Buffs" and Pampa resident passed away over the weekend. Not sure I have ever met a man who enjoyed broadcasting more than Warren. Now, he was opinionated and let me know he despised our early deadlines for area readers. But he argued with class and always showed me respect. Loved that he was spunky. His knowledge of the sports history of West Texas A&M and this area was a thing of beauty. Rest in peace, Warren.
■ Charles Breithaupt: A tip of the cap to the main man of the University Interscholastic League. He could have easily sent a representative to Amarillo to answer questions — along with taking some heat face-to-face — over the recent Tascosa realignment and appeal denial. Breithaupt has the guts to handle the job himself.
■ A.J. Johnson: Palo Duro girls coach led his team to the third round of the Class 4A girls playoffs. What a coaching job. The Lady Dons have no seniors on their roster.
■ Tim Tebow in Midland: If you want to witness Tebowing in person, Midland is the place to be April 22. Tebow will be part of a spiritual gathering at Grande Communications Center (where Midland Lee and Midland High play football). Call 432-563-3434 for more information. Hmmm? May have to make a road trip.
Thumbs Down
■ Dallas Mavericks: I know Mark Cuban's Mavs are playing better these days. Still, it irks me when I see the Mavs play because Cuban dismantled much of the championship team from a year ago. The "real" Mavs never had a chance to defend their own title. Not a fan this year.
— Lance Lahnert


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Dear Dr. Pat:
I have read the stories of reunions at this site for several years now, and really enjoyed the series this summer. It seems that everyone else has a family where the brothers and sisters are happy to see each other and make these special times as we grow older meaningful—apparently without envy or strife. I am the youngest of eight children . . . the "oops" baby, younger by eight years than my youngest brother. My father died when I was ten and my mother just withdrew from life. I was left alone with a severely depressed mother, and my brothers and sisters knew that I ran the house, did the shopping, and cooked our meals. They came by for dinners I planned and cooked, but never asked how I was or offered to include me in any event that I wasn't in charge of. I became a trained chef and have been in the hospitality industry my entire life. I am 45 now and never married, because the life of a chef is not conducive to creating a stable long-term relationship. But I love my friends and our shared passion for food, wine, and entertaining.
Guilt, Unburied Hatchets, Toxic Relationships: Sibling Rivalry in Midlife
By Dr. Cecilia M. Ford
No matter how old we are, the template of our early family relationships stays with us throughout our lifetime. Naturally, we mature, develop, and gain both insight into ourselves and wisdom about others. As a result, many aspects of relationships become smoother and more peaceful. One group that remains often troublesome is siblings.
Conflict between siblings is so ubiquitous that I would guess that on a word-association test most people would say "rivalry" when prompted by the word "sibling." But what's more surprising is how much of the conflict continues as we age. Below are five common issues that persist, often well into mid-life (and beyond):
Rivalry is by far the most common, persistent, and resistant to change of the sibling issues. Sometimes it is the result of an accident of birth order (e.g., two sibs of the same sex and close in age). Many times the rivalry is exacerbated by real family dynamics (e.g., "Mom really did like you best"). Most often it is a very complex combination of many factors—including, but not limited to, those above.
Unfortunately, parents can favor one child over another without being aware they are doing so. The difference in treatment can be subtle, but the effects can be dramatic.
Sometimes the rivalry can wax and wane over the course of adulthood as we learn that life can favor one person over another, and our rival may come in for her share of hard knocks. But that may not be the case. Furthermore, the competitive spirit can be lodged so deep that we are not appeased by our relative good fortune, but, rather, continue to feel threatened no matter what the circumstances.
These feelings not only disrupt our relationships with our adult siblings but also have the power to be transferred onto others in our life. If you have a history with a sibling that is laced with unresolved feelings of competitiveness and its "evil twin," envy, chances are that these issues pop up in your other relationships as well.
•Failure to Separate
On the other hand, some siblings stay close as they grow older. This is fine until it presents a problem for creating independent relationships. A typical scenario involves one sib's wanting to move on (often with a romantic partner), which upsets a long-held balance between two very close siblings. This can set up a seething rivalry and resentment between the new spouse and the "left-out" sibling that is never fully resolved, even after the second sibling is married herself.
There are many, many reasons why siblings feel guilty toward one another. There can be wounds, real or imagined, that we have inflicted on one another. More often, guilt is experienced by a sibling who has triumphed, been favored, or won the genetic lottery in some way that has left the other(s) at a disadvantage. Even though this is not (usually) the winning sibling's fault, she can feel guilty anyhow, because, consciously, or unconsciously, we all prefer to win rather than lose.
This problem is especially severe in families that have a child who is significantly disadvantaged in some way—e.g., mentally or physically handicapped. The healthy sibling not only feels guilty for "winning," but also guilty for feeling anger and resentment over all the extra trouble, expense, attention, etc. created by the sibling's handicap.
People who have grown up in these kinds of families often have persistent feelings of ambivalence about winning, as well as guilty feelings that are difficult to allay, even if the troubled sibling's situation has improved.
•Unburied Hatchets
This issue, along with its corollary, Family Secrets, allows siblings to persist in a toxic "time capsule." As long as the past injury is never brought to light, no one has to face whatever painful truth is being hidden. If a sib is still angry many years later because her sister seated her at the wrong table at her niece's wedding, she may be using this to shield much more long-simmering resentments that haven't been aired. But if the family has tacitly all agreed that "We Don't Talk About That," our only choice is to go on pretending that these violent feelings were brought on by the seating chart.
•Toxic Relationships That Can't Be Changed
There are some sibling relationships that are so toxic, so resistant to change or to improvement, that a time may come when we should consider cutting loose. Just because someone is a blood relative doesn't mean that she is your lifelong curse. Some people have genuine sociopathic tendencies. Some are so angry at you that they genuinely mean you harm. Others, like chronic addicts or debtors, may have come to you for help many times and squandered it. The benefit of the wisdom that comes with age is that we may be able to make more reasoned judgments about these troubled siblings than when we were younger. For example, the addict who has used your cash to gamble or drink over and over may not seem worthy of your children's college funds any more. Furthermore, your experience is telling you that your "help" is not helping. It can often take many years and be very difficult to decide to cut loose, but in some cases there is no other road to improvement.
Sibling issues can lie dormant and then re-emerge during holiday gatherings, family reunions, weddings, and funerals. The most dangerous ground of all is the inheritance. If the parents' wills are not very well and fairly written, they will always be breeding grounds for whatever latent pathology the siblings harbor toward one other.
On a brighter note, siblings can draw closer as their parents pass away, finding strength in each other through their link to their common past.
Photo by cobal123 via Flickr


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Hi! My name is PEPPER
I am a Toyger from minneapolis, MN
Nicknames: pepperoni, mamma pepper, fat girl, grandmama pepper, peppy, old girl, pretty girl pepper
Age: 12 years old
Gender: F
Coat: short haired
Education: pepper gave birth to beeker-II and tuffy-II. she is the grandmother of bubbles and mate of mr pooh. she is also currently the alpha female of her family and successor to patches and zoey as the new leader of the whiskers.
My favorite tricks and treats are: she chases her tail rolls on her belly in circles and attacks her catnip critter. and catnip, treats, toys
Where I hang out: my owners bedroom and my window perch.
My favorite grubs: beef, turkey, chicken
My pet peeves: when her daughters and granddaughter chew on her tail.
What I love about my owners: he is generous and spends time with us daily we play alot and he keeps us safe and healthy.
My cat hobbies: spending quality time and playing with her daughters and granddaughter.
Pet motto: hey everyone patches and zoey chose me and my daughter beeker as their successors that means i am the new leader of the whiskers, and i absolutly love my daughters beeker-II, tuffy-II, and my granddaughter bubbles. i promise to do well for my family and be a good loving mom and grandma and a caring honorable leader. i will be a great one, just like patches and just like zoey. may they rest in peace. its tough raising 3 baby girls all by myself. i miss you two so much. one day my daughter beeker-II, will take my place as the leader of the whiskers new generation.
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she was given to me by a friend who could not take care of her anymore, her name was lucky and she was a year old. i named her pepper after mr pooh's sister, mrs pepper who passed away at 3 weeks old.
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Carol Tomé serves as Vice President of Corporate Services and CFO of The Home Depot. She began her career as a commercial lender with United Bank of Denver (now Wells Fargo) and then spent several years as director of banking for the Johns-Manville Corporation.
Prior to joining The Home Depot, Tomé was Vice President and Treasurer of Riverwood International Corporation. A native of Jackson, Wyoming, she holds a Master's of Business Administration in finance from the University of Denver (1981). Tomé currently resides in Atlanta, Georgia.
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In the NFL, every team grades every player's game film every week. "The eye in the sky don't lie," players say; there's no way to hide flaws or mistakes or bonehead plays from the hordes of cameras every NFL stadium bristles with.
Players that are truly bad don't get many reps, or when they do it's out of sheer desperation. But there are many quality NFL players with starting-caliber tools or skills who still put out bad tape.
Whether it's a freak awful game, a season-long battle with consistency or a good player with a "fatal flaw" that's never quite fatal enough, there are plenty of players whose film will drive you absolutely bonkers.
Here are five of the worst offenders.


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WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama's proposal for $60.4 billion in aid for states hit by Superstorm Sandy adds a huge new item to an end-of-year congressional agenda already packed with controversy. Lawmakers from New York, New Jersey and other states had requested significantly more money, but generally praised the request Friday. They're urging Congress to adopt it without delay. "It's not everything we wanted, but it's close enough," said Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y. Pushing the request through Congress in the few weeks left before lawmakers adjourn at the end of the year will be no easy task. Washington's attention is focused on the looming fiscal cliff of expiring Bush-era tax cuts and automatic spending cuts to the Pentagon and domestic programs set to begin at the end of the year. And tea party House Republicans are likely to press for budget cuts elsewhere to offset some or even all disaster costs.
The massive request blends aid for homeowners, businesses, and state and local governments walloped by Sandy, a disaster whose cost is rivaled only by the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans and the Gulf Coast in 2005. The aid will help states rebuild public infrastructure like roads and tunnels and help thousands of people displaced from their homes. Most of the money - $47.4 billion - is for immediate help for victims and other recovery and rebuilding efforts. Another $13 billion would be used for mitigation efforts to protect against future storms.
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You may be feeling impulsive today, which could lead you to react emotionally in your close relationships. This sudden change could have you feeling and acting rashly. Remember that you are not ruled by your emotions, nor do they always reflect the truth of your feelings. They are often temporary surges of the body's chemistry that have an effect on our thoughts and actions. By remembering this, you may be able to stop yourself from saying or doing anything that could cause unnecessary problems. By considering the thoughts and feelings of others in the midst of your emotional storm today, you truly show that you care about them and your relationship, and you will reap the benefits.
Emotions are very powerful, but we can connect ourselves to a deeper truth within us—our connection to the universe at the center of our being. From that place, we can observe emotions and thoughts from a higher, more peaceful place and make better decisions for ourselves and those around us. From that vantage point, we know without a doubt that emotions are temporary, and we can choose to trust a more solid foundation within us. Your intuition can show you the likely consequences of any actions taken from an emotional place, versus from your higher self, and then you can make a decision based on your truth. Sometimes emotions can give us the strength we need to make necessary changes, but it is important to go within to know the best course. Today, by rising above your emotions, you come out on top.
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Welcome! I teach comparative and international politics at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island, USA. My professional focus is on the role that religion, history, and cultural narratives can play in democratic development. Since my return in 2014 from a year spent in Ukraine as a Fulbright Research Scholar, I have focused special attention on Ukraine and the events taking place there.
I am currently working on two projects. The first is a book that explores the tensions arising from the simultaneous efforts of the Russian government to modernize society, and of the Russian Orthodox Church to "re-Christianize" it. The other is a critical appraisal of how the "values gap" between Russia and the West conditions American foreign policy. Ultimately, I wish to explore what sources within the Russian and European cultural traditions might help to bridge this gap.
Even as my writings have become more varied, a common thread remains -- the choice of cultural framework, or narrative, often determines a policy's success or failure.


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Find events, things to do in Erie region Oct. 8-14
Jefferson Educational Society, 3207 State St., hosts two Perry 200 Commemoration events: "Ten Things You Should Know about the War of 1812 (But Probably Don't)" by Donald Hickey, Ph.D., 11:30 a.m. (with lunch); and "The Civil War during the War of 1812 that Shaped Both America and Canada" by Alan Taylor, Ph.D., 7 p.m.
Cost: Free; advance registration required for the luncheon.
Info: Visit www.jeserie.org or call at 459-8000.
Pat Metheny performs with his Unity Band, 8 p.m., Mary D'Angelo Performing Arts Center, Mercyhurst University.
Cost: Preferred seating, $50; orchestra, $45; rear orchestra and balcony, $40.
Info: Call 824-3000 or visit http://pac.mercyhurst.edu.
"What the Butler Saw," 7:30 p.m., Diebold Center for the Performing Arts, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania; classic British-style farce. Performances continue Thursday through Saturday, 7:30 p.m., and Sunday, 2:30 p.m.
Cost: $5; students, $3.
Info: Visit www.edinboro.edu.
Eerie Horror Film Festival kicks off, 10:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m., Warner Theatre, 811 State St., and continues Friday, 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 a.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m. to 1:30 a.m.; and Sunday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Cost: All-access pass, $40, in advance only; 1-day pass, $15, Thursday or Sunday; $20, Friday or Saturday; half off day-pass rate after 7 p.m., Thursday-Saturday.
Info: Visit www.eeriehorrorfest.com.
Enjoy German cuisine, special seasonal beers, kids activities and more at St. Joseph Catholic Church's Oktoberfest, 5 to 11 p.m., 139 W. 24th St. The event continues Saturday, 1 to 11 p.m., and Sunday, noon to 6 p.m.
Cost: Free
Info: Visit www.stjoesbol.org.
Peek'n Peak's Fall Fest kicks off, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., at the resort, 1405 Olde Road, Findley Lake, N.Y., and includes a craft show, ski and golf swaps, ski lift rides, pumpkin cannon, farmers market, petting zoo and more. Festival continues Sunday and Oct. 20-21, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Cost: Free
Info: Call (716) 355-4141 or visit www.pknpk.com.
Celebrate Filipino American Heritage Month, 2 to 5 p.m., in Gannon University's Yehl Ballroom, 124 W. Seventh St., with a program that includes music, dance and Filipino traditions.
Cost: Free
Info: Call 866-1856.


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Make this Valentine's Day extra special for your family and give them the gift of friendship with a Fresh Air child. Each summer, more than 4,000 inner-city children visit suburban, rural and small town communities across 13 states from Virginia to Maine and Canada through The Fresh Air Fund's Volunteer Host Family Program. This summer, join volunteer host families in the Union County area who open their hearts and homes to New York City children.
Fresh Air children are boys and girls, from 6 to 18-years-old, who live in New York City. Children on first-time visits are six- to 12-years-old and stay for one or two weeks. Children who are re-invited by host families may continue with The Fresh Air Fund through age 18 and can enjoy extended trips. Families find hosting so rewarding that more than 65 percent of all Fresh Air children are invited to visit the same host families year after year. Through the eyes of Fresh Air children, families often rediscover the beauty of their own communities.
The Fresh Air Fund, an independent, not-for-profit agency, has provided free summer experiences to more than 1.8 million New York City children from low-income communities since 1877.
For more information on hosting a Fresh Air child this summer, contact Patricia Marchaterre at or visit The Fresh Air Fund online at freshair.org.


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Top Definition
a young lad who pulls a lot of ass in the burgeoning local community of whores
Derrick you are such a "whore wrangler"
av the whore wrangler 7 juli 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A Jeep like vehicle designed specifically collecting whores.
av daroyjosh 19 april 2007


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Substitute bus drivers in need
The Vermilion Parish School Board is recruiting new substitute bus drivers because it is in desperate need of them.
The School Board, like surrounding parishes, are shorthanded when it comes to substitute bus drivers.
There are 88 bus routes and only five substitute drivers. However, three of those five are on full-time routes today.
One of the two who is not on a full-time route works 7-and-7 off shore and the other part-timer can only drive in the Gueydan area.
Bottom line, the School Board is desperately in search of substitute bus drivers.
"I am not sure why we have so few," said Lonnie Richard, who is in charge of transportation for the School Board. "I am not sure if it is the booming oil field or that people think they don't have the requirements, to be a bus driver."
For starters, one must be 21 years old and have a high school diploma or GED to drive a bus.
A bus driver has to take four courses, along with obtaining a CDL driver's license in order to drive a bus.
Richard said the School Board will teach two of the four driving classes for free on Saturday, Oct. 11.
The two classes are defense driving and rules and regulations of the road. It will be from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. If interested, contact Richard at 898-5709.
According to Richard, a substitute driver works no more than six hours a day and earns $57.75 per day.
Because there is a shortage, Richard predicts a part-time driver could work everyday taking another driver's place.
School districts nationwide have struggled to fill bus driver positions in recent years.
The American Federation of Teachers cited the following reasons for the shortage of drivers and cafeteria workers: irregular hours (usually less than full time), seasonal schedules (little or no work in the summer), relatively low pay (both within the school system and compared to many similar private-sector jobs) and tough working conditions (especially for bus drivers, whose unresolved complaints about poor student discipline could fill volumes).