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Expert Reviews
Thunderbird is marking its 40th year in the market, a considerable length of time for a rear-wheel-drive, two-door coupe in a world of front-wheel-drive, four-door sedans. That will change in 1998, when the Thunderbird is built off a front-wheel-drive Taurus platform. But that is then, this is now, and let's enjoy the car as it is while we can. Whoever said you can't teach an old dog new tricks didn't have the wherewithal of Ford engineers in mind. With anti-lock brakes and traction control, who cares if the 'Bird is pulled from the front or pushed from the rear. With traction control and 16-inch performance tires (an all season performance 16-inch tread is optional for only a few bucks more), you grab thepavement and keep going and just in case you get a bit too aggressive or if the unexpected should arise, the anti-lock brakes bring you to a sure stop. With the Japanese-built 3.8-liter, 230-h.p., supercharged V-6 you'll have ample opportunity to put the traction control and 16-inch tires to good use. Quick, quiet engine, but you have to suspect a Ford-built 32-valve V-8, the preferred engine choice, eventually will find its way into the car once it shares the Taurus platform. Very nice car. Above average performance yet respectable 18 m.p.g. city/24 m.p.g. highway mileage with 4-speed automatic; good interior room with comfortable seats that hold you in place; split fold down rear seats to increase cargo room and allow you to haul the skis inside; and dual airbags. You'd think the Thunderbird Super Coupe would be hotter than it is. Some dealers say the car collects more dust than its less powerful but far less expensive Thunderbird LX running mate. To promote Thunderbird sales when its Big Three rivals were bringing out midsize front-drive models, Ford sharply reduced the price of the LX a few years ago, but not the Super Coupe. While the base engine in the LX is only a 3.8-liter, 140-h.p., V-6, the optional engine is a 4.6-liter, 205-h.p., V-8. So a consumer could settle for a V-8 with 25 h.p. less than the supercharged V-6 and get a Thunderbird for about $5,000 to $6,000 less than the Super Coupe. Our test car started at $22,735. A preferred equipment group with speed control, power locks and the supercharger ran $960; automatic transmission ran$790; keyless entry, a very stiff $215; luxury light group with illuminated visor mirrors, illuminated entry system and power antenna, $325; front floor mats, $30; power seats, $290; AM/FM stereo with compact disc player, $430; andleather seats, $615. Add $495 for freight.
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The restaurant world is dog-eat-dog; behind-the-lines TV shows like "Hell's Kitchen" and now-defunct "The Restaurant" confirm that. Columbus' scene is no exception. Its ranks are stacked with corporate heavyweights with big spaces and deep pockets. It's a tough town for the little guy, no matter how sharp his skills.
Still, restaurateur Rudy Tirado had the guts to jump in the ring, and diners in northern Columbus are eating better because of it. The Miami, Florida, native's restaurant, Manhattans, has two locations, one in downtown Delaware, the other in Westerville's downtown, now known as "old Westerville" to differentiate it from the "new" Westerville that has sprung up around Polaris Fashion Place. Both restaurants have been open less than a year, although Tirado is already challenging the competition. "We make the best crab cakes in the city. No question," he says defiantly.
Tirado says the name, menu and decor are his way of bringing the big city to the suburbs. At either location, you'll find a large, straightforward collection of all-American classics such as burgers and shrimp scampi pasta, with a few eye catchers like the Manhattan beer-can chicken and the twin filet mignons. Tirado chose historic buildings for both locations, so high ceilings, wood floors and a sense of minimalism prevail, although the Delaware space is slightly more literal with black-and-whites of the Big Apple and a 6-foot Statue of Liberty welcoming the hungry, at least, from the back of the dining room. This time of year, you can get full-service outdoor dining on the 50-plus-seat patio in Westerville. It's a nice venue for watching the downtown traffic and testing out the crab cakes, which, drizzled with a creamy chipotle sauce, definitely hold their own against area contenders.
But if you don't agree, just let him know.
"We're family owned, and I want to offer excellent food and excellent service," says Tirado. "I refuse to dissatisfy anyone."
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subset: commoncrawl


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EASTHAMPTON - The Department of Public Works continues to deal with a water main break that snarled traffic Wednesday morning at Main and Union streets.
The break was reported about 6:30 a.m.
Officials said traffic around the site, one of the city's busiest intersections, started to flow better after vehicles that had been parked along Shop Row were moved to make way for a temporary traffic lane.
The Daily Hampshire Gazette reported Wednesday. that motorists can expect delays on Union Street for the next four months while aging natural gas lines under the street are replaced.
The work was slated to begin with the tearing up of the pavement at the intersection of Main and Union streets.
Sheila Doiron, director of communications for the gas company, told the Gazette that workers will replace approximately 2,700 feet of steel and cast iron pipes on the entire length of Union Street as part of a multi-year infrastructure replacement program around the area.


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My bro messed up bu unlocking my softmodded xbox by accident is it fairly easy to unlock a hdd with the new nexgen?
Is The New Nexgen Gonna Be Softmod Freindly?
Started by Voodoo Child , Jul 06 2005 06:19 AM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 06 July 2005 - 06:19 AM
Posted 06 July 2005 - 09:26 AM
well there going 2 have warning ect.
see if we can get a password menu in.
see if we can get a password menu in.
Posted 06 July 2005 - 12:14 PM
QUOTE(HoRnEyDvL @ Jul 6 2005, 10:37 AM)
Thk you i dont wanna use the dash and my brother messing up on accident by unlocking the softmod!
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Occupational Therapy
What is Occupational Therapy?
Occupational therapy (OT) is a skilled rehabilitative profession that helps individuals achieve independence in all facets of their lives. Differing from physical therapy, OT helps people with activities of daily living (ADL), such as bathing, dressing and toileting, but also includes many other skills necessary for all of life's roles, including work, play, school and caring for themself and others. Occupational therapists have the knowledge to understand progressive conditions and life changes that can affect ADL performance and other aspects of daily life.
OT Services Typically Include:
- Customized, individualized treatment programs to improve one's ability to perform daily activities
- Comprehensive home evaluations with adaptation and equipment recommendations
- Performance skills assessments and treatments
- Adaptive equipment and durable medical equipment recommendations and usage training
- Guidance to patients, their family members and their caregivers
About Occupational Therapy Practitioners
Occupational therapy practitioners are skilled professionals whose education includes the study of human growth and development with specific emphasis on the social, emotional, and physiological effects of illness and injury. The occupational therapist enters the field with a bachelors, masters, or doctoral degree. The occupational therapy assistant generally earns an associate degree. Practitioners must complete supervised clinical internships in a variety of health care settings, and pass a national examination. Most states (including New York) also regulate and provide licensure for occupational therapy practice.
Who Benefits From Occupational Therapy?
A wide variety of people can benefit from OT, including those with:
- work-related injuries including lower back problems or repetitive motion/stress injuries
- limitations following a stroke, heart attack, or traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease or other serious chronic conditions
- birth injuries, learning problems, or developmental disabilities (including ADHD, cerebral palsy)
- mental health or behavioral problems including Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress
- problems with substance use/abuse or eating disorders
- burns, spinal cord injuries, or amputations
- broken bones or orthopedic injuries & other injuries from falls, sports injuries, or accidents
- vision or cognitive problems that threaten their ability to drive
Click here to learn more from the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.


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Maricopa Superior Court Judge Katherine Cooper has ruled that the group of Legislators who are suing over the AHCCCS expansion vote don't have standing to sue--which results in the suit being thrown out. This ruling makes no sense and I predict that it will be overturned by the Supreme Court. The Legislators may eventually lose on the merits, but they will definitely get their day in court.
Judge Cooper's ruling is absurd on its face. The legislators are arguing that the Arizona Constitution gives a minority of either the House or Senate the ability to block a tax increase. That means that if 11 senators, or 21 house members vote against a tax increase then it doesn't go into law.
Last year, the legislature passed a bill with a simple majority and the legislators claim that the bill was a tax increase and that their right of minority blockage was ignored. The judge ruled that this group isn't allowed to sue because they are .....wait for it....a minority of the Legislature. Well duh, that's their point. If it takes a majority vote in order to have standing in a case involving minority rights, then the minority has no rights. Look for the Supreme Court to accept and then reverse the standing issue.
Post Script:
The lefty blogs are gloating that a group of Conservative Legislators has been thrown out of court for lack of standing, but think about it for a second. The ruling says that a minority of the legislature can not petition the courts if the minority's rights are violated. The Republicans have held the Arizona House of Representatives since 1968...do Democrats really want the courts to say that it takes an affirmative vote of both the House and Senate in order to challenge a legislative action? Don't you guys understand that if this ruling stands, the majority can do anything that it wants and you will have no recourse?
The court will overturn the ruling....and you had better hope that it does.


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on May 9, 2013 - 6:28 PM
, updated May 9, 2013 at 8:04 PM
Democratic Legislator Terrence D. McCracken of Lancaster said Thursday he will not run for re-election to the Erie County Legislature this year.
McCracken said late Thursday that he had intended to run for a second term and had received encouraging polling results.
"But I've got different political philosophies than the local leadership, so I've chosen to sit this one out," he said, declining to be specific.
He added, however, that he has no problems with either Erie County Democratic Chairman Jeremy J. Zellner or Conservative Chairman Ralph C. Lorigo, who have backed him in the past.
McCracken, the former Lancaster Democratic chairman, acknowledged he is bowing out after only one term following a breach with Conservatives over voting for the budget proposed by Democratic County Executive Mark C. Poloncarz.
And it appears he would have faced a primary from Wes Moore, a candidate backed by Cheektowaga Democratic Chairman Frank C. Max Jr. and his wing of the Democratic Party.
"I felt very comfortable with my position with the Conservatives," he said, acknowledging his differences on the budget vote but noting their approval of his vote for a resolution calling for repeal of the state's new strict gun control law.
Lorigo, meanwhile, said he holds "high respect" for McCracken despite their differences.
"He's a man of strong character," Lorigo said. "He's made the decision, and I respect the decision."
McCracken becomes the first member of the Legislature this year to announce he will not run for re-election.
One source said party sources are speaking with Democrat John Abraham Jr., son of an influential Conservative leader, about the possibility of running, though nothing is certain.
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Amir and Gerrard Clemons were killed in March 2009. Find out how a basketball tournament in their memory will help homeless children in Kansas City.
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Romney's entitlement and the 2012 elections
Mitt Romney, Paul Ryan, and far-right Republicans love to throw around the word "entitlement." What breathtaking hypocrisy!
Union says Romney did not seek women for top posts
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney was wrong when he said that, as Massachusetts governor, he sought information about qualified working women for his Cabinet.
In Wisconsin, historic bid for Senate amidst presidential battle
If elected, Democrat Tammy Baldwin will become the first openly gay senator in U.S. history, and the first woman senator from the Badger State.
Romney presses gun rights but not women's rights
Mitt Romney's website lists 26 issues on which you can "learn more about Mitt." The list includes gun rights, but not women's rights.
Health care workers campaign In New Hampshire
Determined to re-elect President Barack Obama, health care workers from across Connecticut took a break from their own close senate race.
NAACP continues campaign to restore ex-felons' voting rights
Voting: it's one of the fundamental rights of a citizen in a democracy, and yet millions of Americans who are ex-felons are denied it, even after they have paid their debt to society.
Biden takes side of "middle class" in debate
In his debate with Paul Ryan, Vice President Joe Biden took the side of the 47% that Mitt Romney said he doesn't "worry" about.
Sharp partisan split on labor's issues
The voting records on labor-selected issues in the second session of the 112 Congress reflect, as might be expected, the sharp partisan split between the two major political parties.
Three arrested for blocking trucks at Bain-owned plant released
Three protesters who were arrested when they refused to move out of the way of trucks leaving the Bain Capital-owned Sensata Technologies plant here have been released.
Gas prices and presidential politics
The real issue is: who is to blame for the high prices, and what can be done to stabilize energy costs?


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Dallas City Council updates West Nile outbreak. The hardest hit? You might be surprised.
Reporter Sherry Jacobson, who has covered the West Nile outbreak since the beginning, has this update:
Dallas City Council members got a detailed — and somewhat surprising — look at this year's record West Nile outbreak Wednesday.
The hardest-hit area in Dallas County? Highland Park.
The town of 8,740 people had the highest rate of neuroinvasive disease caused by the mosquito-borne virus. Its three cases amounted to an incidence rate of 34 cases per 100,000 people.
Other cities in the county's top five included Wilmer, University Park, Addison and Seagoville.
Dallas placed 10th in the county, although it had the most cases with 95. Its rate was 7.8 severe West Nile cases per 100,000.
The report was prepared by Dallas County Health and Human Services, which tracked the outbreak.


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As was I, he was speeding, he as if his life depended on it, I knowing
that the life I wanted depended on it.
I could have outrun him, could have, had I wished,
ended his plump, brown existence.
He may not have known that, only sensed that
this gaunt figure approaching on the macadam
could do him no good and maybe harm
and it wasn't worth debating. Just get the hell
across the lawn and under the nearby front porch.
Built low to the ground, he extended his form, his black nose
stretching, impossibly elastic, his front paws extended, rear up in the air,
belly just above the mown green blades,
frozen in space the instant I saw him
and then, in the shadows, he disappeared, not this time extinguished,
and my pace unbroken I ran on, breathing in on four strides, out on two,
my own gaunt pursuer days, months, years ahead and I running toward,
not away.
Tuesday, September 2, 2014
Monday, April 14, 2014
Yesterday, three newspapers -- the Providence Journal, New London Day and Richmond Times-Dispatch -- ran reviews and/ or stories about Rescue of the Bounty, all completely favorable. One could easily get puffed up by that much attention, if one were not already a fine example of puffed-uppery. Bringing me back to earth is the rejection I got Friday from the Washington Post Style Section, where the editor, Eva Rodriguez, was initially enthusiastic but, in the end, had to say that the "resources" were not available at that lofty citadel of strong journalism to do the story I had suggested. The Post non-fiction book review editor had already said thanks but no thanks. So we push on, seeking the key to open the main gate of best-sellerdom.
Posted by doug campbell at 12:56 PM No comments:
Monday, April 7, 2014
The New York Post ran an "adaptation" , which was a summary of Rescue of the Bounty, this past sunday. You can read it here http://nypost.com/2014/03/29/the-tragic-rescue-of-a-movie-ship-caught-in-hurricane-sandy/.
Posted by doug campbell at 3:10 PM No comments:
Tuesday, April 1, 2014
In those last days, when the lump of plaque, dislodged from elsewhere, has snagged the inside of the carotid, leaving me with but infrequent bursts of lucidity, I would arrange now if I could to have this memory rise from time to time. There is much connected to it. Monica and I had, a week or so before, successfully completed the race back from Bermuda to Newport, RI. It was a fantastic voyage, with everything we could have wanted -- dead calms, rough storms, incredible sunsets and sunrises. She had to return to her desk, her job. But my job was aboard Robin, and so I headed for Maine for two weeks. The day before I would point Robin down Penobscot Bay, I sailed from Castine on a westerly course to Belfast. At first, there was no wind. Then I passed north of Islesboro and a whisper of air began playing with the raised mainsail. In a short time, Robin was sailing on a beam reach, her autopilot steering, her rig perfectly balanced. I was a passenger, bathing in the afternoon sun. Breathing was shallow, delicious draughts of air, flavored by the saltwater, tucked into my nostrils and, held but a moment, expelled for yet another greedy sampling. Robin's pulse was slow, her motion on the small waves reported in delicate splashing about the bow. It lasted about an hour, probably more than enough to bring a smile to my face in that fog to come.
Posted by doug campbell at 10:36 AM No comments:
Monday, March 10, 2014
The following is the review of Rescue of the Bounty published by Booklist, the magazine of the American Librray Association. We re pleased. When a coast guard C-130 and its crew members set out over the Atlantic into "Frankenstorm" Sandy in a nighttime sea rescue, they came upon a startling sight, "a big pirate ship in the middle of a hurricane." Built in 1960 for the film Mutiny on the Bounty, the aging tall ship had been featured in two Pirates of the Caribbean movies and was now attempting to make its way down the coast from Connecticut to winter dockage in Florida. In the raging waves and wind, the Bounty began to fail, and despite the efforts of its seaworthy but sparse crew of 16 women and men, it was sinking. Coauthors Tougias (Overboard!, 2010) and Campbell superbly re-create the disastrous voyage, providing just the right amount of detail to bring every character involved in this dramatic tale to life, from Bounty captain Robin Walbridge and his shipmates to the brave coast guard rescue swimmers. A thrilling and perfectly paced book, Rescue of the Bounty is filled with good intentions but bad decisions, tall-ship history and current usage, and the roar and taste of the storm-whipped ocean. — Eloise Kinney
Posted by doug campbell at 12:33 PM No comments:
Tuesday, March 4, 2014
Sailing Scuttlebutt, a daily blog for sailors with 11,000 viewers, has taken note of Rescue of the Bounty, reprinting the Kirkus review. We're hoping Sailing Anarchy, which caters to hard-core sailors like the Bermuda 1-2 racers, will do the same.
Posted by doug campbell at 3:26 PM No comments:
At this late point in life, I still have a lot to learn. Fortunately, I have wandered into a realm where many lessons are offered. In November, I was asked if I wanted to be commodore of our little boat club, the Red Dragon Canoe Club. Since the alternative was to keep being the club's secretary, which demanded that I keep notes of the organization's meetings and make them available to the members, and since I really didn't want to continue my three-year occupation of that post, I accepted the offer. The club is in the midst of attempting to find its way forward, a task that involves a choice of keeping and restoring our historic clubhouse -- a post-Civil-War mansion that is in disrepair -- or abandoning it one way or another. There are 90 memberships in the club. A membership can be held by an individual or a family. There are probably more than 90 opinions as to the path we should take. I had heard of "cat herding" before I took office in January. Now I truly know what that means. Since there is no right or wrong answer to the problem -- only strongly-held views -- it is more than difficult to do a fair job of leading the club members. Added to this overriding concern, the harsh winter has brought its own problems: A downed power line that hasn't been fully repaired, leaking toilets that have tripled our water bill and the desires of separate members to do this or that with the club property. I'm not certain that I am, at this point, learning. Tomorrow night we have a monthly meeting of the members, and that will amount to the first true exam. I'm spending today cramming for it.
Posted by doug campbell at 11:02 AM 1 comment:
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Unique Features
- Unique is made from a high tech synthetic polyethylene resin called At-10. At-10 is approximately three times stronger than latex but yet can be manufactured to be approximately one third the thickness of standard latex condoms.
- Unique is made from a non latex material and will not cause latex allergies.
- Unique is thin! The thinner the condom the more pleasure you experience with your partner. With Unique there is a higher rate of heat conductivity between partners. You can actually feel the body heat of your partner.
- In formal and informal, human to human tests, Unique was preferred by nine out of 10 testers over latex.
- Unique is transparent and creates a more natural look. People who use Unique for the first time comment that they had to check to see if the condom was in place because they could not feel it or see it. Unique actually seals to a dry penis. Note: Unique should always be put on a dry penis.
Once you try Unique you will never go back to latex — we guarantee it!


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Minimum Asset Requirements and Compulsory Liability Insurance as Solutions to the Judgment-Proof Problem
Steven Shavell
Harvard Law School; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
February 2004
Harvard Law and Economics Discussion Paper No. 456
Minimum asset and liability insurance requirements must often be met in order for parties to participate in potentially harmful activities. Such financial responsibility requirements may improve parties' decisions whether to engage in harmful activities and, if so, their efforts to reduce risk. However, the requirements may undesirably prevent some parties with low assets from engaging in activities. Liability insurance requirements tend to improve parties' incentives to reduce risk when insurers can observe levels of care, but dilute incentives to reduce risk when insurers cannot observe levels of care. In the latter case, compulsory liability insurance may be inferior to minimum asset requirements.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 43
JEL Classification: D00, K13, K20, L5
Date posted: August 23, 2004
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Product Information
SKU: pp5003830147
Disney Kids Nylon Strap Easy-Read Fairies Watch
The frolicking fun of Disney's fairies come to this fun watch that kids will love to wear. This children's easy-reader helps teach kids how to tell time with a number-printed bezel. Brand: Disney Dial Color: Character print Strap: Purple nylon Clasp: Buckle Movement: Quartz Water Resistance: 30m Case Width: 32mm Case Thickness: 9mm Bracelet Dimensions: 7" long, 16mm wide Model No.: W000271 Special Features: Fairies character print dial, purple nylon strap, easy-read high-contrast hour and minute tracks, 3 ATM water resistance Jewelry photos are enlarged to show detail.
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Journal of Colloid And Interface Science (v.307, #2)
Editorial Board (CO1).
Kinetic and isothermal studies of lead ion adsorption onto palygorskite clay by Hao Chen; Aiqin Wang (309-316).
The use of a natural palygorskite clay for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions for different contact times, pHs of suspension, and amounts and particle sizes of palygorskite clay were investigated. The variations of the pH value of Pb(II) solutions on natural palygorskite in the adsorption process were determined. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto palygorskite clay involved fast and slow processes. It was found that the adsorption mechanisms in the lead/palygorskite system follow pseudo-second-order kinetics with a significant contribution from film diffusion. SEM observations demonstrated that an important interaction at the lead–granule interface occurred during the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms were described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the Langmuir model represents the adsorption process better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto natural palygorskite was 104.28 mg g−1.Pb(II) adsorption onto palygorskite clay occurs firstly at pores between particle aggregates, and then reaches complete equilibrium for some interactions such as palygorskite and water, complexation and ion-exchange during adsorption process.
Keywords: Lead; Palygorskite clay; Adsorption capacity; Kinetic; Isotherm;
Modelling the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto Fithian illite by Xueyuan Gu; Les J. Evans (317-325).
Illite samples from Fithian, IL were purified and saturated with Na+ ions. The acid–base surface chemistry of the Na-saturated illite was studied by potentiometric titration experiments with 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M NaNO3 solutions as the background electrolyte. Results showed that the titration curves obtained at different ionic strengths did not intersect in the studied pH range. The adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto illite was investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength by batch adsorption experiments. Two distinct mechanisms of metal adsorption were found from the experimental results: nonspecific ion-exchange reactions at lower pH values on the basal surfaces and 'frayed edges' and specific adsorption at higher pH values on the mineral edges. Ionic strength had a greater effect on the ion-exchange reactions. The binding constants for the five heavy metals onto illite were determined using the least-square fitting computer program FITEQL. Linear free energy relationships were found between the surface binding constants and the first hydrolysis constants of the metals.The adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto illite was investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength. A two sites complexation model for illite was developed to fit the adsorption data.
Keywords: Adsorption; Cadmium; Copper; Nickel; Lead; Zinc; Illite; Surface complexation; Constant Capacitance Model; Linear free energy relationships;
Removal of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN from aqueous solutions using adsorption techniques by Vinod Kumar Gupta; Rajeev Jain; Shaily Varshney; Vipin Kumar Saini (326-332).
The wheat husk, an agricultural by-product, has been activated and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN from aqueous solution. In this work, adsorption of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN on wheat husk and charcoal has been studied by using batch studies. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and contact time. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of wheat husk and charcoal for dye removal were obtained using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as the free energies, enthalpies and entropies of adsorption were also evaluated. Adsorption process is considered suitable for removing color, COD from waste water.Plots of pH vs % color removal for Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN for charcoal and wheat husk.
Keywords: Azo dyes; Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN; Adsorption; Wheat husk;
Studies on selenite adsorption using manganese nodule leached residues by S.S. Dash; K.M. Parida (333-339).
Selenite adsorption on water-washed manganese nodule leached residues (WMNLR) was studied with the aim of detoxifying industrial effluents before their safe disposal into the environment. WMNLR, a solid waste material, was characterized with the help of XRD, FTIR, TG-DTA, pHpzc, BET surface area, surface oxygen, surface hydroxyl group, and chemical analyses. The adsorption behavior of WMNLR toward selenite was studied as a function of time, pH, temperature, and concentration of adsorbate and adsorbent. Increased adsorption capacity with rise in temperature indicates that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Based on the thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free energy change, standard enthalpy change, and standard entropy change, the adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. The adsorption capacity of the material was found to be 54.6 mg g−1 at 60 mg L−1 of selenite concentration at pH 5 in 3 h contact time.The adsorption capacity increases with increases in temperature. The adsorption process is endothermic in nature as adsorption capacity increases with increase in temperature. The enhancement in adsorption capacity may be due to chemical interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent. Positive value of enthalpy ( Δ H o ) indicates the endothermic nature of the adsorption process meanwhile positive values of entropy ( Δ S o ) suggest the increased randomness at solid–solution interface.
Keywords: Manganese nodule leached residues; Selenite; Adsorption; Langmuir isotherm; Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters;
Fluorescence and interactions with thiol compounds of Nile Red-adsorbed gold nanoparticles by Kun-Hong Lee; Shih-Ju Chen; Jing-Yueh Jeng; Yu-Ching Cheng; Jen-Taie Shiea; Huan-Tsung Chang (340-348).
We have investigated the interactions between a variety of thiols and Nile Red-adsorbed gold nanoparticles (NRAuNPs). After adding thiols to solutions of NRAuNPs, the solutions fluoresce strongly as a result of the displacement of a Nile Red-derived product from the surface of the AuNPs. We propose a mechanism for the formation of this NR product on the surface of AuNPs by conducting mass spectrometry, fluorescence, and capillary electrophoresis measurements. By recording the fluorescence changes of the NRAuNP solutions after addition of the thiols, we investigated the interactions between the thiols and NRAuNPs. Using the Langmuir isotherm model, we found that the displacement rate constants for thiols having one carboxyl residue, such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid, fall within the range 0.55 – 1.19 × 10 −2 s −1 . Thiols containing hydroxyl groups [e.g., 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)] or amino groups [e.g., N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG)], or that have flat structures on the AuNP surface, such as mercaptosuccinic acid, exhibit double-exponential kinetics with first rate constants of 0.51 – 2.83 × 10 −2 s −1 and second rate constants of 6.0 – 23.4 × 10 −4 s −1 . Our results reveal that steric effects and the charge density of the thiols both play important roles in determining the interactions with NRAuNPs. The interactions (displacement and/or induced aggregation) are also dependent on the size of NRAuNPs.A cartoon representation of the displacement by thiols of the NR products adsorbed on AuNPs. Thiols possess k 1 and k 2 values.
Keywords: Adsorption; Fluorescence; Gold nanoparticle; Kinetic; Nile Red; Thiol;
The adsorption–desorption process of bovine serum albumin on carbon nanotubes by Laura E. Valenti; Pablo A. Fiorito; Carlos D. García; Carla E. Giacomelli (349-356).
The aim of this work is to study the adsorption–desorption process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on carbon nanotubes (CNT) by reflectometry. The effect of the surface properties was analyzed by comparing the behavior of BSA on silica. The experiments were performed by reflectometry at different BSA concentrations, at pH 3.0, 4.8, and 7.0 and at two ionic strengths. Protein desorption was induced by either dilution with buffer or the addition of SDS. The initial adsorption rate is controlled by the attachment of BSA molecules to the surface, and strongly diminishes at pH 7. Adsorption isotherms reflect the high affinity of BSA for both sorbent surfaces and reach well-defined plateau values that depend on the pH, being the highest at pH 4.8 on CNT. Experiments performed at different ionic strengths (NaCl added) showed a less pronounced effect. Dilution does not induce desorption on either surface however, the addition of SDS removes protein only from the silica surface.The aim of this work is to study the adsorption–desorption process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on carbon nanotubes (CNT) under different analytical conditions.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Bovine serum albumin; Reflectometry;
Adsorbed para-nitrophenol on HDTMAB organoclay—A TEM and infrared spectroscopic study by Qin Zhou; Ray L. Frost; Hongping He; Yunfei Xi; Hongwei Liu (357-363).
para-Nitrophenol adsorbed on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide modified montmorillonite has been studied using a combination of X-ray diffraction TEM and infrared spectroscopy. Upon formation of the organoclay, the properties change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. It is proposed that para-nitrophenol is adsorbed onto the water in the cation hydration sphere of the organoclay. As the cation is replaced by the surfactant molecules the para-nitrophenol replaces the surfactant molecules in the clay interlayer. Significant changes in the water vibrations occur in this process. Bands attributed to CH stretching and bending vibrations in general decrease as the concentration of the surfactant (CEC) increases up to 1.0CEC. After this concentration the bands increase approaching a value the same as that of the surfactant. Strong changes occur in the HCH deformation modes of the methyl groups of the surfactant. These changes are attributed to the methyl groups locking into the siloxane surface of the montmorillonite. Such a concept is supported by changes in the SiO stretching bands of the montmorillonite siloxane surface. This study demonstrates that para-nitrophenol will penetrate into the untreated clay interlayer and replace the intercalated surfactant in surfactant modified clay, resulting in the change of the arrangement of the intercalated surfactant.The mechanism of adsorption of para-nitrophenol on both non-treated montmorillonite and the surfactant intercalated montmorillonite was studied by a combination of TEM and infrared spectroscopy. On the untreated and low CEC intercalated montmorillonite the para-nitrophenol adsorbed on the cation hydration sphere. At high CEC values the para-nitrophenol replaced the surfactant cation in the interlayer and bonded directly to the siloxane surface.
Keywords: Adsorption; Intercalation; Montmorillonite; Organoclay; Infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; para-Nitrophenol; TEM;
Influence of the intercalated cations on the surface energy of montmorillonites: Consequences for the morphology and gas barrier properties of polyethylene/montmorillonites nanocomposites by E. Picard; H. Gauthier; J.-F. Gérard; E. Espuche (364-376).
Organically modified montmorillonites obtained by cation exchange from the same natural layered silicate were studied. The surface properties of the pristine and a series of organically modified clays were determined by inverse gas chromatography and the water adsorption mechanisms were studied by a gravimetric technique coupled with a microcalorimeter. A significant increase of the specific surface area, a decrease of the water adsorption, and a decrease of the dispersive component of the surface energy were observed when the sodium cations of the natural montmorillonite were exchanged for a quaternary ammonium. Slighter differences in surface properties were observed, on the other hand, between the different types of organically modified montmorillonites. Indeed, similar dispersive components of the surface energy were determined on the organoclays. Nevertheless, the specific surface area increased in the range 48–80 m2/g with increasing d-spacing values and the presence of specific groups attached to the quaternary ammonium, such as phenyl rings or hydroxyl groups, led to some specific behaviors, i.e., a more pronounced base character and a higher water adsorption at high activity, respectively. Differences in interlayer cation chain organization, denoted as crystallinity, were also observed as a function of the nature of the chains borne by the quaternary ammonium. In a later step, polyethylene-based nanocomposites were prepared with those organically modified montmorillonites. The clay dispersion and the barrier properties of the nanocomposites were discussed as a function of the montmorillonite characteristics and of the matrix/montmorillonite interactions expected from surface energy characterization.Evolution of γ s d values versus temperature for the different organomodified montmorillonites (○, ■, *) and polyethylene (–) explaining, in part, the formation of organoclay/polyethylene microcomposites with a weak interphase.
Keywords: Montmorillonites; Water adsorption; Surface energy; Nanocomposites; Gas permeability; Morphology;
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocrosslinked by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: Temperature-responsive behavior of hydrogels by Jiangfeng Mu; Sixun Zheng (377-385).
Octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OpePOSS) was used as a nanocrosslinking agent to prepare the crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) networks with POSS content up to 50 wt%. The inter-component crosslinking was achieved via the reaction between N―H moieties in amide group of PNIPAM and epoxide groups of OpePOSS. When the organic–inorganic nanocomposites were swollen in water the POSS-crosslinked PNIPAM exhibited the characteristics of hydrogels. With the moderate contents of POSS, the POSS-containing hybrid hydrogels displayed much faster response rates in swelling, deswelling and reswelling experiments than the PNIPAM hydrogels prepared via the free radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N , N ′ -methylenebisacrylamide (viz. the conventional crosslinker). The improved hydrogel properties have been interpreted on the basis of the formation of the nanosized hydrophobic microdomains around the POSS moieties (i.e., the nanocrosslinking sites).Octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane was used as a nanocrosslinker to prepare organic–inorganic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. The hybrid hydrogels displayed much faster rates of swelling, deswelling and reswelling than control PNIPAM hydrogel.
Keywords: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; Nanocomposites; Hydrogels;
The special theory of Brownian relativity: Equivalence principle for dynamic and static random paths and uncertainty relation for diffusion by Stefano A. Mezzasalma (386-397).
The theoretical basis of a recent theory of Brownian relativity for polymer solutions is deepened and reexamined. After the problem of relative diffusion in polymer solutions is addressed, its two postulates are formulated in all generality. The former builds a statistical equivalence between (uncorrelated) timelike and shapelike reference frames, that is, among dynamical trajectories of liquid molecules and static configurations of polymer chains. The latter defines the "diffusive horizon" as the invariant quantity to work with in the special version of the theory. Particularly, the concept of universality in polymer physics corresponds in Brownian relativity to that of covariance in the Einstein formulation. Here, a "universal" law consists of a privileged observation, performed from the laboratory rest frame and agreeing with any diffusive reference system. From the joint lack of covariance and simultaneity implied by the Brownian Lorentz–Poincaré transforms, a relative uncertainty arises, in a certain analogy with quantum mechanics. It is driven by the difference between local diffusion coefficients in the liquid solution. The same transformation class can be used to infer Fick's second law of diffusion, playing here the role of a gauge invariance preserving covariance of the spacetime increments. An overall, noteworthy conclusion emerging from this view concerns the statistics of (i) static macromolecular configurations and (ii) the motion of liquid molecules, which would be much more related than expected.Relevant quantities in Brownian relativity: Diffusion coefficients of the liquid ( D ′ ) and chain ( D ″ ) molecules; relative (D) and laboratory ( D 0 ) diffusion coefficients; molecular ( Δ ′ ) and macromolecular ( Δ ″ ) diffusive horizons.
Keywords: Polymer solutions; Universal scaling; Configurational chain statistics; Brownian motion and diffusion; Brownian relativity;
Adsorption of water-soluble polymers with surfactant character. by Ana M. Díez-Pascual; Aurora Compostizo; Amalia Crespo-Colín; Ramón G. Rubio; Reinhard Miller (398-404).
A comparative study between Langmuir and Gibbs monolayers of a hyperbranched polyol, poly(propylene glycol) homopolymers, and poly(propylene glycol)–poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers with different structure and molecular weight, is reported. Dynamic surface tension (DST) and surface pressure measurements have been carried out to characterize these amphiphilic water-soluble polymers. The adsorption kinetics results are consistent with a rapid diffusion stage followed by a slow reorganization at the air–water interface. The characteristic times of these steps, calculated by the Joos model, point out differences among the polymers in the diffusion rate and rearrangement mechanisms for diluted solutions. Short time analysis of DST data leads to diffusion coefficients in qualitative agreement with the diffusion times calculated with Joos' model. Spread monolayers remain stable for long periods of time. The desorption process seems quite inoperative. As a consequence, the surface pressure of the spread monolayers can be studied over a broad surface concentration range. 2D first-order phase transitions have been evidenced from plateaux observed in Langmuir and Gibbs isotherms. It has been found that Gibbs monolayers lead to lower surface tension states than the Langmuir ones.
Keywords: Adsorption; Surfactant polymer; Air–water interface; Monolayer; Diffusion; Phase transition; Kinetics; Isotherms;
A regenerable ruthenium tetraammine nitrosyl complex immobilized on a modified silica gel surface: Preparation and studies of nitric oxide release and nitrite-to-NO conversion by Fabio Gorzoni Doro; Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho; E. Tfouni (405-417).
Silica gel bearing isonicotinamide groups was prepared by further modification of 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica by a reaction with isonicotinic acid and 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to yield 3-isonicotinamidepropyl-functionalized silica gel (ISNPS). This support was characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and specific surface area. The ISNPS was used to immobilize the [Ru(NH3)4SO3] moiety by reaction with trans-[Ru(NH3)4(SO2)Cl]Cl, yielding [Si(CH2)3(isn)Ru(NH3)4(SO3)]. The related immobilized [Si(CH2)3(isn)Ru(NH3)4(L)]3+/2+ (L = SO2, SO2− 4, OH2, and NO) complexes were prepared and characterized by means of UV–vis and IR spectroscopy, as well as by cyclic voltammetry. Syntheses of the nitrosyl complex were performed by reaction of the immobilized ruthenium ammine [Si(CH2)3(isn)Ru(NH3)4(OH2)]2+ with nitrite in acid or neutral (pH 7.4) solution. The similar results obtained in both ways indicate that the aqua complex was able to convert nitrite into coordinated nitrosyl. The reactivity of [Si(CH2)3(isn)Ru(NH3)4(NO)]3+ was investigated in order to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) release. It was found that, upon light irradiation or chemical reduction, the immobilized nitrosyl complex was able to release NO, generating the corresponding Ru(III) or Ru(II) aqua complexes, respectively. The NO material could be regenerated from these NO-depleted materials obtained photochemically or by reduction. Regeneration was done by reaction with nitrite in aqueous solution (pH 7.4). Reduction–regeneration cycles were performed up to three times with no significant leaching of the ruthenium complex.[Si(CH2)3(isn)Ru(NH3)4(NO)]3+ releases NO photochemically or by chemical reduction. Regeneration of the material cyclic conversions of nitrite to NO occurs by reaction of the reduced material with nitrite.
Keywords: Nitric oxide; Nitrite; Conversion; Silica gel; Ruthenium; Nitrosyl; Controlled; Photochemistry; Tetraammine; Aminopropylsilica; Functionalized silica; Nitric oxide donor;
Effect of particle size on surface modification of silica nanoparticles by using silane coupling agents and their dispersion stability in methylethylketone by Motoyuki Iijima; Mayumi Tsukada; Hidehiro Kamiya (418-424).
The effect of particle size on the reactivity of hexyltrimethoxysilane (C6S) with the particle surface was studied by using silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with different diameters (30 or 200 nm). In case of 30-nm SNPs, a large amount of isolated silanol was observed. On the other hand, in the case of 200-nm SNPs, the amount of hydrogen bonded silanol and hydrogen bonded water molecules at the surface of the SNPs increased. Since the hydrogen bonded silanol and the hydrogen bonded water enhanced the reaction of C6S with SNPs, the chemisorbed C6S on 200-nm SNPs was larger than that on 30-nm SNPs. Furthermore, the effects of surface modification on the dispersion stability in MEK were studied using viscosity measurements and surface force measurements by the AFM colloid probe method. The viscosity of the dilute SNPs/MEK suspension did not change by the chemisorptions of C6S; however, the viscosity of dense suspension reduced effectively by surface modification. It was estimated that the suspension viscosity reduced effectively when the mean particle surface distance in the suspension was near to the distance where the repulsive force appeared by the surface force measurements using the colloid probe AFM.Silica particle size had an effect on the reactivity of hexyltrimethoxysilane with silica particle surface.
Keywords: Silica; Methylethylketone; Hexyltrimethoxysilane; AFM colloid probe; Silanol; Viscosity; Particle size effect;
Nonlinear friction characteristics between silica surfaces in high pH solution by Elena Taran; Yoichi Kanda; Ivan U. Vakarelski; Ko Higashitani (425-432).
Molecular-scale characteristics of friction forces between silica particles and silica wafers in aqueous solutions of the normal (pH 5.6) and high pH (pH 10.6) are investigated, using the lateral force measuring procedure of the atomic force microscope (AFM). Various significant differences of friction characteristics between solutions of normal and high pH's are found. In the case of solutions of normal pH, the friction force increases linearly with increasing loading force, as the Amonton's law for solid bodies indicates. However, in the case of high pH solutions, the increasing rate with the loading force is considerably reduced in the low loading region, but the value increases abruptly above a critical loading force to overcome the magnitude of friction force of normal pH above the region of very high loading. It is very interesting to know that this nonlinear force curve at high pH is independent of the atomic-scale roughness of surfaces, although the magnitude of friction is greatly influenced by the roughness in the case of normal pH. The reason why the friction at high pH is independent of the surface roughness is postulated to be due to the hairy-like layer formed on the silica surface. The existence of hairy-like layers at high pH is proven directly by the dynamic method of normal force measurements with AFM and the thickness is estimated to be at least ca. 1.3 nm.
Keywords: Friction; Hairy layer; Lubrication; Silica surface; CMP; High pH;
Population balance modeling of aggregation and breakage in turbulent Taylor–Couette flow by M. Soos; L. Wang; R.O. Fox; J. Sefcik; M. Morbidelli (433-446).
An experimental and computational study of aggregation and breakage processes for fully destabilized polystyrene latex particles under turbulent-flow conditions in a Taylor–Couette apparatus is presented. To monitor the aggregation and breakage processes, an in situ optical imaging technique was used. Consequently, a computational study using a population balance model was carried out to test the various parameters in the aggregation and breakage models. Very good agreement was found between the time evolution of the cluster size distribution (CSD) calculated with the model and that obtained from experiment. In order to correctly model the left-hand side of the CSD (small clusters), it was necessary to use a highly unsymmetric fragment-distribution function for breakage. As another test of the model, measurements with different solid volume fractions were performed. Within the range of the solid volume fractions considered here, the steady-state CSD was not significantly affected. In order to correctly capture the right-hand side of the CSD (large aggregates) at the higher solid volume fraction, a modified aggregation rate prefactor was used in the population balance model.An experimental and computational study of aggregation and breakage processes for fully destabilized polystyrene latex particles under turbulent-flow conditions in a Taylor–Couette apparatus is presented.
Keywords: Aggregation; Breakage; Cluster size distribution; Image analysis; Population balance equation; Polystyrene microsphere; Taylor–Couette flow;
Studies on the structure and miscibility of mixed Langmuir–Blodgett films of a double-armed dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether with stearic acid by Yuchuan Cheng; Wei Song; Jianbo Cheng; Bing Zhao (447-454).
Reported here is the study on the structure of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of double-armed dibenzo-18-crown-6 contain biphenyl (DACE) which are newly synthesized and mixed with stearic acid (SA). In addition, the miscibility of the two compounds was also tested by the measurement of the surface pressure–area ( π – A ) isotherms of DACE and DACE/SA with various proportions. It is noted that there is no phase segregation in the mixed monolayer film of DACE/SA. Upon calculation of the excess surface area, it is concluded that the SA molecule can enter into the crown ether ring, while an 18C6 ring can host a maximum of one SA molecule. The difference of spectroscopic properties of DACE in LB films and bulk solution has been investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and Fourier-transfer infrared (FTIR) measurements. Molecules of DACE exist in the mixed LB films as monomers in contrast to those in the concentrated solution as aggregates. The hydrocarbon chains in DACE and DACE/SA LB films are tilted to the normal of the substrate surface, but perpendicular to the dipole moment of C=O. Both C―O bonds in the phenyl ethers and carboxylic ester of DACE, and the long axes of phenyl rings are aligned nearly perpendicular to the substrate surface. Infrared spectra of mixed LB films of DACE/SA present further evidence that the SA molecules enter into the crown ether rings of DACE.The structure of Langmuir–Blodgett films of DACE mixed with SA was studied. The amount of SA molecules located within crown ether rings increases with the molar ratio of SA.
Keywords: Crown ethers; Spectroscopy; Structure; Miscibility; Orientation;
Structural studies of the phase, aggregation and surface behaviour of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide + water mixtures by Ian Goodchild; Laura Collier; Sarah L. Millar; Ivan Prokeš; Jason C.D. Lord; Craig P. Butts; James Bowers; John R.P. Webster; Richard K. Heenan (455-468).
The surface, phase and aggregation behaviour of mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide, [C n mim]X, where n is the alkyl chain length, with water has been explored using a variety of methods. Critical micelle concentrations (cmc) and micelle structures have been determined for aqueous [C n mim]Br solutions for n = 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 10. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements reveal that for the n = 8 and 10 systems, at concentrations just above the cmc, small near-spherical aggregates exist, which, after initial growth, possess core radii (aggregation numbers) at intermediate concentrations of 10.5 ± 0.5 Å ( 22 ± 2 ) and 13.2 ± 0.5 Å ( 40 ± 3 ), respectively, for n = 8 and n = 10 . Towards higher concentrations, the aggregates appear to grow, with the aggregates in the [C10mim]Br system becoming increasingly elongated (prolate) with increasing concentration. No evident aggregates are formed in the systems with n = 2 and 4. In the n = 6 system, it appears that oblate aggregates with radius ∼9 Å form at the cmc and that the radius increases with increasing concentration. For longer alkyl chain lengths, at high concentrations lyotropic mesophases form in some systems. The mesophase region for the [C8mim]Cl system has been explored across the composition range using X-ray diffraction and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Both techniques suggest that a major hexagonal phase with lattice parameter of 29.5 ± 0.5 Å coexists with a minor lamellar phase ( 23.5 ± 0.3 Å ) or possibly a second hexagonal phase ( 27.1 ± 0.4 Å ) . The area per adsorbed molecule at the surface of [C8mim]Br solutions has been measured as a function of concentration using neutron reflectometry. A minimum in the area per molecule behaviour is coincident with a minimum identified in the surface tension isotherm occurring close to the cmc. The data suggest depletion of [C8mim]Br from the surface region occurs at concentrations immediately above the cmc.Mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide in water show interesting surface, phase and aggregation behaviour on variation of the alkyl chain length.
Turbidimetric study of fluorite nucleation in solution by Hans E. Lundager Madsen (469-476).
Precipitation of fluorite (calcium fluoride) from solution at 30 and 37 °C has been studied by measurement of turbidity at different wavelengths, analyzing the data with the aid of the Mie theory of light scattering from small particles. In this way both number density and average particle size were obtained as functions of time. The values were confirmed by sedimentation analysis. In the later part of the process the results were strongly influenced by agglomeration and sedimentation, but the initial part of the curve of number density vs time was useful in determination of nucleation kinetics. The trend of nucleation frequency vs supersaturation agreed well with the classical theory of Becker, Döring, Volmer, Zel'dovich, and Frenkel, and surface energies equal to 102 mJ / m 2 at 30 °C and 89 mJ / m 2 at 37 °C were found. On the other hand, the absolute rate of nucleation was many orders of magnitude lower than that predicted by the theory, which is ascribed to an overestimate of the rate of growth of postcritical nuclei.
Keywords: Nucleation; Surface energy; Turbidimetry; Mie theory; Calcium fluoride; Fluorite;
The surface tension of a solid at the solid–vacuum interface, an evaluation from adsorption and wall potential calculations by Tim S. Jakubov; David E. Mainwaring (477-480).
A method for the evaluation of quantities that are experimentally inaccessible such as the surface tension at the solid–vacuum interface and the superficial tension of the fluid in contact with the solid is presented. The approach is based on consideration of an equilibrium of a fluid in solid capillary wherein a balance between surface and capillary forces has been replaced by conceptual alternative interfacial and centrifugal forces. This approach involves the simultaneous numerical solution one the special forms of the Gibbs equation for solid–fluid interface and a generalized Kelvin equation derived earlier. The latter equation takes into account interactions between the solid thick cylindrical wall and confined fluid, this body–body interaction potential has been primarily calculated using the Lennard-Jones (6-12) expression for the atom–atom pair potentials and expressed by hypergeometrical functions having good convergences. All numerical calculations shown here have been performed for the model graphite–argon system at 90 K. Finally, an analysis of the accuracy of the proposed method is considered.In concept, the liquid hollow cylinder can rotate about its longitudinal axis at some constant angular velocity such that the centrifugal force due to rotary motion is able to exactly compensate the fluid surface forces cancelling them out. In this instance, the kinetic energy of rotary motion plays a role, which is equivalent to that played by the wall potential of the solid capillary.
Keywords: Surface tension of solids; Superficial tension; Body–body potential; Generalized Kelvin equation; Graphite;
Biphasic aqueous organometallic catalysis promoted by cyclodextrins: Can surface tension measurements explain the efficiency of chemically modified cyclodextrins? by Loïc Leclercq; Hervé Bricout; Sébastien Tilloy; Eric Monflier (481-487).
Methylated and hydroxypropylated cyclodextrins (CDs) are highly efficient mass transfer promoters in biphasic aqueous organometallic processes. The surface tension measurements demonstrated that these CDs adsorb at air–water interface and allowed to determine surface excess of CD by using Gibbs adsorption equation. Interestingly, a good correlation between surface excess and catalytic activity was obtained in the case of hydroformylation and Tsuji–Trost reactions. These results point out the importance of CD adsorption at the interface in biphasic aqueous organometallic processes.Surface tension data demonstrated the importance of CD adsorption at the interface during biphasic aqueous organometallic processes.
Keywords: Modified cyclodextrins; Hydroformylation; Tsuji–Trost; Adsorption; Surface excess; Surface tension; Molecular area;
Transfer and distribution of L-tryptophan between W/O and O/W, and between W/O and bicontinuous microemulsions through the study of interphase electric properties by Yuan Chen; Rong Guo (488-493).
The influence of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) on the interphase electric properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/n-pentanol (n-C5H11OH)/water (H2O) system was studied by the method of AC impedance, and the distribution of L-Trp between the microemulsion phases with different structures in SDS/n-C5H11OH/H2O system was determined by UV–vis spectroscopy. The results show that L-Trp transfers from the lower phase (O/W or bicontinuous) to the upper phase (W/O), and that a small amount of SDS transfers from the upper phase to the lower phase correspondingly with the increase of the total SDS content at a constant weight ratio of n-C5H11OH/H2O = 50/50 and a total L-Trp concentration of 1.0 × 10 −4 mol / L . In addition, the concentrations of L-Trp in both the upper and lower phases increase, but the SDS content decreases slightly in the upper phase and increases appreciably in the lower phase with the increase of the total L-Trp concentration at a constant total content of SDS. The interphase capacitance and the interphase charge-transfer current of the system increase, but the interphase resistivity decreases.
Keywords: SDS; Microemulsion; L-tryptophan; Capacitance; Charge-transfer current;
Evaporation from an ionic liquid emulsion by Stig E. Friberg (494-499).
The conditions during evaporation in a liquid crystal-in-ionic liquid microemulsion (LC/μEm) were estimated using the phase diagram of the system. The equations for selected tie lines were established and the coordinates calculated for the sites, at which the evaporation lines crossed the tie lines. These values combined with the coordinates for the phases connecting the tie lines were used to calculate the amounts and the composition of the fractions of the two phases present in the emulsion during the evaporation. One of the emulsion phases was a lamellar liquid crystal and high energy emulsification would lead to the liquid crystal being disrupted to form vesicles. Such a system tenders a unique opportunity to study the interaction between vesicles and normal micelles, which gradually change to inverse micelles over bi-continuous structures. The amount of vesicles in the liquid phase versus the fraction liquid crystal was calculated for two extreme cases of vesicle core size and shell thickness. The limit of evaporation while retaining the vesicle structure was calculated for emulsions of different original compositions assuming the minimum continuous liquid phase to be 50% of the emulsion.
Keywords: Emulsions; Microemulsions; Vesicles; Evaporation; Detergents; Amphiphiles;
Ultrasonic velocity measurements as a method for investigating phase transitions of monoglyceride emulsifier systems in pearlescent cosmetic creams by Cécile Alberola; Thomas Dederichs; Detlef Emeis; Martin Möller; Tobias Sokolowski; Klaus-Peter Wittern (500-508).
The phase transitions of monoglyceride emulsifier systems and pearlescent effects in cosmetic creams are investigated using ultrasonic velocity measurements. The transitions between the different phases of monoglyceride emulsifier systems—the coagel, liquid–crystalline lamellar phase, and gel phase—are detected in creams by changes in the ultrasonic velocity with variation of the temperature. The phase transition temperatures correspond to DSC results. Furthermore, the slope of the ultrasound velocity curve correlates with the amount of bound water in the different phases. These insights into the ultrasonic velocity properties of the monoglyceride emulsifier system of creams make it possible to more closely study the pearlescent effect of the coagel. The temperature domain of the short time reversibility of the pearlescence as well as the back-formation time of the coagel can be determined with this method, which enable the optimization of the formulation of pearlescent creams.
Keywords: Ultrasonic velocity; Phase transition; Monoglyceride; Coagel; Gel phase; Liquid–crystalline lamellar phase; Pearlescence; Cosmetic cream;
Rheology of double emulsions by Rajinder Pal (509-515).
New equations for the viscosity of concentrated double emulsions of core–shell droplets are developed using a differential scheme. The equations developed in the paper predict the relative viscosity ( η r ) of double emulsions to be a function of five variables: a / b (ratio of core drop radius to shell outer radius), λ 21 (ratio of shell liquid viscosity to external continuous phase viscosity), λ 32 (ratio of core liquid viscosity to shell liquid viscosity), ϕ DE (volume fraction of core–shell droplets in double emulsion), and ϕ m DE (the maximum packing volume fraction of un-deformed core–shell droplets in double emulsion). Two sets of experimental data are obtained on the rheology of O/W/O (oil-in-water-in-oil) double emulsions. The data are compared with the predictions of the proposed equations. The proposed equations describe the experimental viscosity data of double emulsions reasonably well.
Keywords: Emulsion; Multiple emulsion; Double emulsion; Rheology; Viscosity;
Ionic separation efficiency of a novel electric-field-assisted membrane module comprising an array of microchannel units by Jyh-Ping Hsu; Sung-Hwa Lin; Shiojenn Tseng; Ay Su; Duu-Jong Lee; Chur-Jen Chen (516-523).
The ionic separation efficiency of a novel membrane module comprising an array of microchannel units is analyzed. Under the Debye–Hückel approximation, we derive a semianalytical expression for the ionic separation efficiency. Analyses reveal that the effects of the size of the microchannel, the fixed charge density in the membrane layer, and the permittivity of the membrane layer on ionic separation efficiency depend strongly on the valence type of electrolyte in treated water. Under the condition of a symmetric electrolyte, the ionic separation efficiency is found to be about unity and unresponsive to variation of system parameters. If the valence of the cation is higher than that of the anion, the ionic separation efficiency is larger than unity, and decreases to unity as the size of the microchannel increases. In contrast, if the valence of the cation is lower than that of the anion, the ionic separation efficiency is smaller than unity and increases to unity as the size of the microchannel increases. Under the latter two conditions, the effects of both fixed charge density in the membrane layer and permittivity of the membrane layer on the ionic separation efficiency are found to be reversed.Schematic representation of a microchannel unit. A microchannel unit is a combination of an inner microchannel and an outer charged surface membrane aligned axially and concentrically.
Keywords: Microchannel unit; Charged membrane layer; Ionic separation efficiency; Debye–Hückel approximation; Valence type of electrolyte;
Preparation and structural evolution of SiO2–TiO2 pillared layered manganese oxide nanocomposite upon intercalating reaction by Jianfang Wang; Zong-Huai Liu; Xiuhua Tang; Kenta Ooi (524-530).
SiO2–TiO2 pillared layered manganese oxide nanohybrid was successfully synthesized by preliminarily expanding the interlayer of H-type layered manganese oxide using dodecylamine, followed by reacting it with a mixture solution of titanium isopropoxide and tetraethylorthosilicate. The basal spacing and the pillared agent content of the obtained materials connected with the length of intercalated n-alkylamine, incorporated Si/Ti molar ratios and the solvothermal treatment temperature. The structural evolution of SiO2–TiO2 pillared layered manganese oxide nanohybrid was characterized by XRD, DSC-TGA, SEM, IR, N2 adsorption–desorption and element analyses. TiO2 particles exhibited a stronger affinity for the negatively charged manganese layers, and the TiO2 particles incorporated were independently intercalated without any distinct chemical bonding with the co-intercalated SiO2 particles. SiO2–TiO2 pillared layered manganese oxide nanohybrid had a BET surface area of 98 m2/g with a gallery height of about 1.43 nm between layers. The obtained SiO2–TiO2 co-pillared layered manganese oxide nanohybrid is expected as a selective catalyst, or an improved battery material.
Keywords: Layered manganese oxide nanohybrid; Pillar; Solvothermal treatment; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide;
Thermodynamic analysis of the immersion of a smectite substituted with Na or Ca: Heat effect due to the cation by A. Haouzi; F. Salles; M. Henry; J.-M. Douillard (531-542).
The enthalpy produced during immersion in water of a smectite, identified as a montmorillonite, substituted by Ca or Na is analyzed using three different approaches. The heat of immersion is measured using the classical calorimetric method. It is compared to an estimate using adsorption techniques. And it is calculated from a theoretical estimate of the surface energy of a crystal model of montmorillonite. The comparison of the different values allows the enthalpy linked to the swelling phenomenon to be estimated. The Ca form appears in every case to interact more strongly with water molecules than the Na form.The solid surface tensions of Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite from an Algerian deposite are computed in order to interpret data on heat of immersion in water. The immersion heat contains adsorption, spreading, and swelling terms. Analysis of results is in agreement with a quantitative analysis of adsorption isotherms.
Keywords: Montmorillonite; Calcium; Sodium; Swelling; Cation hydration; Surface energy; Adsorption; Immersion;
On mixed binary surfactant systems comprising MEGA 10 and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides: A detailed physicochemical study with a critical analysis by Gargi Basu Ray; Indranil Chakraborty; Soumen Ghosh; Satya P. Moulik (543-553).
Self-aggregation of mixed binary nonionic and ionic surfactants comprising N-methyl-N-decanoyl glucamide (MEGA 10) and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C12-, C14-, and C16TAB) has been investigated in detail by different physical methods. The counter-ion binding, aggregation number, and polarity of the mixed micelles have been determined. The results have been analyzed in the light of the theories of Rubingh and Maeda. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process have been evaluated and discussed. The interfacial adsorptions of the mixed amphiphiles including their surface excesses and head-group areas have also been evaluated. Based on the head-group areas, the overall shapes of the mixed micelles have been predicted from the estimation of the amphiphile packing parameters.
Keywords: MEGA 10; Alkyltrimethylammonium bromides; Mixed micelles; Aggregation; Counter-ion binding; Energetics; Adsorption; Monomer packing;
Citrate-assisted synthesis of prickly nickel microwires and their surface modification with silver by Xiaomin Ni; Junhao Zhang; Yongfeng Zhang; Huagui Zheng (554-558).
A new type of prickly nickel microwires assembled by thornlike nanocrystals was fabricated through a simple chemical reduction route with the assistance of citrate. Thus-prepared nickel wires were subsequently morphology-retained modified with a thin silver shell via transmetallation. Compared with the uncoated sample, the Nicore–Agshell wires exhibited much-enhanced oxidation resistance, slightly changed magnetic properties and stark different catalysis for the creation of carbon particles in pyrolyzing acetone.A new type of prickly Nicore–Agshell wires assembled by thornlike nanocrystals was fabricated through transmetallation reaction of nickel wires with Ag+ ions. Compared with the pure nickel sample, the Nicore–Agshell wires exhibited much-enhanced oxidation resistance, slightly changed magnetic properties and stark different catalysis for the creation of carbon particles in pyrolyzing acetone.
Keywords: Nickel; Magnetic measurements; Catalysis; Carbon;
Authors' response to the comments on "A new mechanistic Parachor model to predict dynamic interfacial tension and miscibility in multicomponent hydrocarbon systems" by F.M. Orr and K. Jessen by Dandina N. Rao; Subhash C. Ayirala (559-562).
Synthesis of stable luminescent microspheres by a simple method by Qiaoling Liu; Xuanming Liu; Yonghua Zhu; Dongying Tang (563-566).
An easy procedure for preparing microspheres containing CdSe/CdS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) was demonstrated. The luminescent properties of this microsphere were characterized by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy was also used in this study. Laser confocal microscopy was carried out to describe the distribution of QDs in the microsphere. Especially, the stability of microspheres was investigated. It was found that the getting microsphere was very stable in water and showed values for physiological conditions. The inherent stability of the spheres, as well as their photostability, allows them to be used in biological applications.A simple method of preparing luminescent microspheres was demonstrated. These microspheres were very stable under physiological conditions and can keep their bright fluorescence for 2 weeks.
Keywords: Microsphere; Quantum dots; CdSe/CdS; Polylysine; Fluorescence;
Preparation of CeO2–ZrO2 ceramic fibers by electrospinning by Yanfei Zhang; Jiayan Li; Qin Li; Ling Zhu; Xiangdong Liu; Xinghua Zhong; Jian Meng; Xueqiang Cao (567-571).
Electrospinning was employed to fabricate polymer–ceramic composite fibers from solutions containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), Ce(NO3)3⋅6H2O and ZrOCl2⋅8H2O. Upon firing the composite fibers at 1000 °C, Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 fibers with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 2 μm were synthesized. These fibers exhibit strong resistance to sintering. They still have specific surface area around 11.8 m2/g after being heated at 1000 °C for 6 h.Figure shows that these Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 ceramic fibers calcined at 1000 °C are a mixture of dense and hollow fibers with a diameter of 0.4–2 μm.
Keywords: Catalytic combustion; CeO2–ZrO2 solid solutions; Electrospinning; Ceramic fibers; Thermal sintering;
Effect of ionic surfactants on bauxite residues suspensions viscosity by M. Clifton; T. Nguyen; Ray Frost (572-577).
Measurement of the rheological property of bauxite residue sample received from an Australian alumina refinery, treated with a number of cationic and anionic surfactant in laboratory has been carried out using a Brookfield viscometer for the assessment of the effect of surfactants on the residue viscosity. Sodium laurate, prepared with an excess of sodium hydroxide, was found to be effective while direct addition of anionic surfactants (lauric acid and sodium laureth sulphate) and cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) produce only moderate effect on the red mud suspension apparent viscosity at 65 °C. The experimental data appear to confirm the crucial role of the cation sodium in the process of adsorption of anionic surfactants on the flocculated red mud particles.Alteration of bauxite residue suspensions viscosity can be achieved with the use of suitable surfactant. The crucial role of the cation sodium in the process of surfactant adsorption onto the particle surface is recognised as shown in the figure.
Keywords: Red mud; Bauxite residues; Rheology; Surfactant; Viscosity reduction;
Phase behavior of binary mixture of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and water revealed by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy by Tohru Inoue; Bin Dong; Li-Qiang Zheng (578-581).
Phase behavior of aqueous mixture of imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The mixture forms two types of lyotropic liquid-crystalline gels, one is composed of lamellar phase and the other is of hexagonal phase. T – X phase diagram of the mixture was constructed, which defines the regions of various phases appearing in this mixture.Aqueous mixture of long-chained imidazolium ionic liquids forms lyotropic liquid-crystalline gel depending on the composition. The phase diagram of this system was constructed on the basis of DSC measurements and POM observation.
Keywords: Long-chained imidazolium ionic liquid; Aqueous mixture of ionic liquid; Phase behavior; Lyotropic liquid-crystalline gel; Phase diagram; Differential scanning calorimetry;
by Arthur Hubbard (582).
Author Index for Volume 307 (583-584).


text:
I have setup Samba as a domain controller and workstations such as W2K and
XP are login in correctly.
Now I want to share a folder on one of my workstations and give access only
to \\SambaPDC\FinanceGroup
How do I create this group so that it appears as a selectable item on the
workstation when I am pointing to SambaPDC on the workstation.
Any ideas anyone?


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Brazil Cup
Bosnia shows pride despite losing World Cup debut
Belgrade - Bosnian newspapers on Monday radiated pride following the country's World Cup debut, despite losing 2-1 to Leo Messi's Argentina.
"(Vedad) Ibisevic's goal for history," the Dnevni Avaz proclaimed across its front page, explaining that it was the first World Cup goal for Bosnia since it split from Yugoslavia 22 years ago.Another Sarajevo daily, Oslobodjenje, reported a "festive mood of thousands in Sarajevo streets despite the loss."Media reports and comments agreed that Bosnia showed skill, grit and determination against heavily favoured Argentina."The Dragons gave Argentina a hard time," wrote Nezavisne Novine, a newspaper based in Banja Luka. "What they showed encourages ahead of decisive duels with Nigeria and Iran in the fight for passage to thenext round.""If they play like this, the Dragons will advance past the group stage," the Avaz report predicted.Argentina went up early when Sead Kolasinac tipped the ball into his own net, then to 2-0 on Leo Messi's strike. Ibisevic scored six minutes from full time for the honour-saving goal.After it declared independence in 1992, Bosnia went through 40 months of war pitting Serbs against Muslims and Croats. It remains divided along ethnic lines to present day.
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Maui hosts 77th annual AJA state baseball tournament this weekend
April 6, 2012 - Robert Collias
The 77th annual AJA state baseball tournament will be held Saturday and Sunday at Maehara Stadium. Back in 1947, Iron Maehara was the MVP of the Maui AJA league, to illustrate a little bit of the history this event carries.
Maui takes on Kauai at 10 a.m. in the first game and if the Valley Isle nine wins, they will play the Oahu-Big Island winner on Sunday for the crown. Maui won it the last time this event was held here, four years ago, for only the fourth time ever.
Here is an emailed press release and roster I received from Maui AJA president Neal Fujiwara and team player-manager Chase Corniel — I will have the full preview story for Saturday's paper:
77th Annual Hawaii AJA Baseball Tournament April 7-8, Ichiro ³Iron² Maehara Baseball Stadium
The 77th Annual Hawaii AjA Baseball Association Tournament will be coming to Maui on April 7-8. The tournament is a revolving one that will be played on Oahu in 2013, then Kauai, and Hawaii and back to Maui.
Waialae from Oahu has won the past two tournaments. Last year, pitcher, Davin Morita of Waialae and former product of Baldwin High School, won the Most Outstanding Player Award. Maui last won the tournament in 2008 when it was held here. Daimyo represented Maui then and every subsequent year. Joey Tam Ho, from Wailuku, was named the Tournament Most Outstanding Player as well as took the Batting and RBI awards.
Maui All-stars nucleus Daimyo team, include their manager, Chase Corniel, and coaches Van Delos Santos and Brent Fukagawa. Other Daimyo players include Alika Aheong, Gered Mochizuki, Kalaika Kahoohalahala, Allen Castro, JoeyCastro, Ian Shimabuku, Aaron Matsui and Jared Joaquin. Added to their roster are Ikaika Lau Hee, Kaeo Lau Hee, Royce Fukuroku, Kyle Shimizu, Logan Kanamu and Grant Nakama from Happy Hour; Dean Yamashita and Cory Takamura from Asahi¹s; Jason Miyahira of Wailuku; and Lance Migita and Kendrick Oshita of Maui A¹s. Yamashita and Lee Yonamine will serve as the team coaches.
Saturday first game starts at 10:00 am with Maui taking on Kauai. The game will be followed with an Opening Ceremony and followed at approximately 1:30 pm by Oahu against Hawaii. Maui will host a fellowship dinner on Saturday evening for all participants. The tournament conclude on Sunday with a consolation game starting at 9:00 am between the two losers (7 innings or two hour time limit) and the championship game at 11:30 am. An award ceremony will follow immediately following the game. The awards include the Championship bowl donated by Governor Neil Abercrombie, Most Outstanding Player bowl donated by Mayor Alan Arakawa, Batting Champ donated by Shane Victorino and Most RBI donated by Kurt Suzuki.
Roster # Name Team
00 Alika Aheong Daimyo
1 Gered Mochizuki Daimyo
3 Kalaika Kaholohalahala Daimyo
4 Brent Fukagawa Daimyo
5 Allen Castro Daimyo
5 Lance Migita Maui A's
6 Joey Castro Daimyo
7 Ian Shimabuku Daimyo
7 Jason Miyahira Wailuku
8 Royce Fukuroku Happy hour
9 Aaron Matsui Daimyo
9 Kory Takamura Asahi's
10 Kyle Shimizu Happy hour
11/33 Van Delos Santos Daimyo
16 Kendrick Oshita Maui A's
17 Jared Joaquin Daimyo
21 Mo Lau Hee Happy hour
25 Dean Yamashita Asahi's
26 Logan Kanamu Happy hour
32 Chase Corniel Daimyo
Coaches: Lee Yonamine and Dean Yamashita
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Revitalizing Forks, one step at a time
The members of the Forks Revitalization Committee recently finished one big clean up project, but it won't be their last.
That's the word from Bill Sperry, who with his wife, Kitty, owns the 110 Business Park and other commercial properties around town. The two are also members of the revitalization committee, along with Linda Wells, Pura Carlson, Marcia Bingham, Larry Burtness and Bruce Guckenberg.
They and a crew of volunteers recently cleaned up a lot on U.S. Highway 101 just south of town that was home to a number of abandoned and partial recreational vehicles.
Sperry says they removed "huge quantities of garbage" from the site.
He also said it was a relief to get it done, saying he'd had his eye on the project for more than 10 years.
Sperry says the committee's overall goal is easily defined: "Anything that will make Forks look better."
While the members of the committee donate their time, effort and machinery to the various tasks, they also are aided by funding provided about three years ago by First Federal.
Of the initial $25,000 grant, Sperry said, about $8,000 remains. It's managed by the Forks Chamber of Commerce.
Next up: Cleaning up a messy yard on Russell Road, just south of the airport. Sperry estimates they'll need at least three 30-yard dumpsters and numerous volunteers working for several days to get the work done.
That includes the big clean-up jobs, and also the small touches, including wooden planter boxes that are now located all around town.
With spring in the air, they'll soon be checking all the boxes to make sure they're structurally sound and to refinish those that need a little pick-me-up.
Other projects include completing the restoration of the town clock on the sidewalk near A Street and perhaps the clock in the tower overlooking the Mocha Motion.
Sperry admits it's tough getting volunteers. As he pointed out, on nice sunny days — days appropriate to carrying out the committee's tasks — most Forks residents are taking the rare opportunity to work on their own outdoor projects. But, he added, he's determined to get the work done. "If I can't get volunteers, I'll pay," he said.
For more information, or to sign up, call Sperry at 374-4090.
Reach Mark Couhig at email@example.com.
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text: I am getting confused. As I see it, we don't have types now. The only checking we have is that a particular invocation "makes sense". That is, the designated object has a method with the correct name which accepts the correct number of parameters. It seems somewhat Smalltalkish to me. What this means to me is that if I am passing an object to service, and that service's contract is that it will only call the "farble()" method, then I can pass any object which has a zero parameter farble method. That is much less than full type compatibility. As to makers, it seems to me that having more than one maker for an object which obeys a particular contract could be useful. Different implementations come immediatly to mind.


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-->Go to Wine info and Ordering<--
Oakland California native Dick Erath is one of the genuine wine pioneers of Oregon. His story could fill a book and as a matter of fact it does (The Boys up North - Dick Erath and the early Oregon Winemakers by Paul Pintarich, published by The Wyatt Group).
the 1960s, while traveling up and down the west coast in search of an ideal place to grow Pinot Noir, he finally settled in 1967 in the then unproven northern Willamette Valley, where two years later he planted his first vines in the Chehalem Hills. His 1972 vintage consisted of 216 cases of Pinot Noir, Riesling and Gewürztraminer which were sold under the Erath label.
The 1972 Pinot Noir and Riesling both won Gold Medals
at the Seattle Enologoical Society wine judging. Also in 1972, Dick planted
a vineyard in the iron-rich red soils of the landmark Dundee Hills for
his then new business partner, Cal Knudsen. The winery became known as
Knudsen Erath in 1975 but reverted to Erath again after Dick purchased
Knudsen's share.
Today, Erath farms 115 acres, purchases from another 130 and produces around 35,000 cases of wine per year, two thirds of which is Pinot Noir. Other wines produced in descending volume are: Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Late Harvest Gewürztraminer and Dolcetto.
Four distinct styles of Pinot Noir are produced. The largest volume, least expensive and first bottled and released is the 'Vintage'. It tends to be light in color and body, straighforwardly fruity, and is low in tannins for right now drinking. Next up is the 'Vintage Select,' with fruit selected from vineyards which display more complex character and ageworthiness. 'Reserve' is blended from some of the finest barrels, showing plenty of stuffing albeit, with great finesse, balance and complexity. Unfortunately, they are not bottled every year. At the top are the single Vineyards, Juliard, Leland, Niederberger and Prince Hill. These reserve quality wines, produced in extremely limited quanities of 100 to 500 cases each, rank with the finest Pinot Noirs in the world. They are only bottled when they display the hallmarks of their pedigree and "terroir".
Erath's Pinot Gris is wild yeast fermented in stainless steel at a very cool temperature and is bottled early to highlight its delicious fruit. The style is opulent and spicy with excellent balancing acidity. The Pinot Blanc is handled much like the Gris yet shows softer and more creamy, spicy on the palate. Both white Pinots see a couple of weeks in old French oak to round out their texture.
Erath has cut back on general Chardonnay production in order to emphasize the Single Vineyard Reserves. These benchmark New World Chardonnays are made entirely from Dijon (Burgundy) clones. Unlike most Oregon Chardonnays, Erath's do not undergo malolatic fermentation and they see little to no new oak. The Niederberger is a gloriously rich, full-bodied and complex wine which displays an amazing resemblance to a great Côte de Beaune Grand Cru. Not to be overlooked is Erath's Vintage Select Riesling which, despite its designation, contains only 5% residual sugar. Like a German Spätlese, its high acidity (low pH) lands it in a crisp and vibrant off-dry style. It is amazingly food friendly with a broad array of seafoods, poultry, pork dishes, spicy foods, and fruit with cheese.
In 1994, Dick hired Rob Stuart as winemaker.
Rob's winery experience spans the west coast from Hanns Kornell in the
Napa Valley, Valley View in southern Oregon to Staton Hills in the Yakima
Valley of Washington. At Erath Vineyards Winery, Rob is enjoying an opportunity
of a lifetime working with some of the finest winegrapes anywhere in an
unrestriced environment, where he can craft them into outstanding bottles.
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My take on the Robinson, Henne signings from This Given Sunday:
"The Jaguars are operating as if Blaine Gabbert is a franchise quarterback. If he pans out, the Jaguars may be able to produce an average offense, and that, coupled with a stellar defense, could produce a playoff caliber team. The Jaguars success will be determined entirely by Blaine Gabbert's capabilities and his receivers' abilities in 2012. Should they pan out in a solid way, the Jaguars should be a very formidable team in 2012. The signings of Robinson and Henne aren't glamorous, but they do strengthen the foundation of the team, and that's exactly what they're designed to do."


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I don't think you realize what Dr's are up against w/ managed care. The HMO's or whatever are judging them based on increasingly unrealistic parameters, especially time spent w/ patient. They are not being reimbursed at a rate that allows them to cover costs and make a reasonable profit given the level of schooling they have.
The concierge practice fee is an attempt by some Dr's to get around this problem. The increasing cost of medical care (and decreasing net salaries for GP's) is something the average consumer has been insulated from for many years but that doesn't make it any less real. It is only going to get worse and this is what's driving so many physicians out of primary care and into specialties where fees are higher.
I have been searching for a decent Dr for years now and any recommended Dr has long since stopped accepting new patients at all, let alone w/ additional fees. If I had some serious issues to be addressed I would probably seek one of these concierge practices out but absent that would give it a pass. If the fees were paid via FSA's it would be at a 40%+ discount for most tax brackets which would take the sting out of it.


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- The fire department responded to a report of a large fire south on state Route 45 somewhere near the former A & L Salvage landfill at 5:25 p.m. Thursday. Chief David Lewton said they did not find any fire and the caller must have been mistaken.
161 North Lincoln , Salem, OH 44460 |
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The lawyer for suspended Sen. Patrick Brazeau says the alleged victims in an assault and threats case against his client want to withdraw their complaints. Defence lawyer Gerard Larocque told the court on Tuesday that one of the two people has actually written the Crown about dropping the complaint, which was filed following an incident in April. Brazeau was charged with assault, possession of cocaine, uttering threats and breaching bail conditions following an altercation involving a man and a woman at a home in Gatineau. The embattled senator, formerly a member of the Conservative caucus, has pleaded not guilty. He was not in court as the case was put off until Sept. 5. The Crown, which has the final say on whether the complaints would ultimately be dropped, would not comment on that possibility. Prosecutor Stephany Robitaille said the final decision will come from her office and it doesn't mean the charges would be dropped. ``If a victim wants to withdraw the allegations ... it is still the Crown attorney who will decide if there is a withdrawal or not,'' Robitaille said. Brazeau, 39, is continuing to get treatment and remains under a curfew and other conditions imposed when he was granted bail. Robitaille said Brazeau has completed a stint at a rehabilitation facility in the Quebec municipality of Saint-Andre-d'Argenteuil, which is located along the Ottawa River just south of the town of Lachute. He is now continuing his treatment as an outpatient at a centre in Gatineau. The former Conservative is still facing charges of assault and sexual assault in relation to an incident from February 2013, with a trial date expected to be set in September. Those charges led to his ouster from the Conservative caucus. Brazeau also faces charges of fraud and breach of trust in connection with his Senate expense claims. In 2013, the Senate ordered Brazeau to pay back almost $50,000 over disputed expense claims. He refused and the Senate garnisheed his salary until last November, when he was suspended without pay. Brazeau was named to the Senate by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2009.
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Information warfare and security are at the forefront of modern defence strategies. Strong strands of research and interest are developing in the area, including the understanding of threats and risks to information systems, the development of a strong security culture, as well as incident detection and post incident investigation. The International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) offers an opportunity for academics, practitioners and consultants from the US, North America and elsewhere who are involved in the study, management, development and implementation of systems and concepts related to information warfare or are interested in ways to improve information systems security, to come together and exchange ideas. This conference is continuing to establish itself as a key event for individuals working in the field from around the world.
The advisory group for the conference invites submissions of papers on both the theory and practice of all aspects of Information Warfare and Security. The conference in April 2008 is seeking qualitative, experience-based and quantitative papers as well as case studies and reports of work in progress from academics, information systems practitioners, consultants and government departments. Topics may include, but are not limited to, Adversarial Learning and planning; Anonymous Routing; Anti-Forensics; Biometrics; Botnets; Business continuity planning; Coordination Theory; Corporate defence mechanisms; Cryptography; Cyber-terrorism; Damage Assessment; Deception, Reactive and Proactive; Denial of Service; Differential Power Analysis (DPA) Attacks; Disaster recovery; e-Intelligence/counter-intelligence; Electro-magnetic pulse weapons; Ethical, Political and Social Issues relating to Information Warfare; Geospatial Security; Hacking; Homeland Security; Honeynet countermeasures; Information Assurance; Information Operations; Information warfare and security education; Information warfare policy; Information warfare techniques; Information warfare theory; Information, computer and network security; Infra-structure warfare; Intrusion Detection; Insider Threat; IS027001 ISM3 Security Management Maturity; Legal issues concerned with information warfare and e-Crime; Malware; National security policy; OODA Loop; Petri Nets; Perception management; Physical security; Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI); Risk analysis and assessment; Security Education; Security for small to medium enterprises; Security policy; Vulnerability assessments.


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Events for March 24, 2014
Day Navigation
8:00 am
FREE Yoga Warm Up Session
We're offering free pre-ski yoga sessions in the lodge on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 8:00 – 8:45 am. The sessions are casual, catered to beginners, and geared toward warming up the exact muscle groups we all use to ski and ride. Yoga instructor Jenny Harps will help guide you through moves that suit your […] Find out more »


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A street was closed as police responded to a suspicious package in downtown Sacramento that was determined to be harmless.
The black backpack was seen on a balcony on an outside structure at the Downtown Plaza.
A call came in shortly before noon Monday on reports of the package near Fifth and L streets.
Fifth Street was closed, but was expected open shortly after 1:30 p.m.
An explosives team was called to the scene.


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Girls Night Out Altoona Inc., an annual fundraising dinner, brings together breast cancer survivors, family, friends and supporters at the Jaffa Shrine in Altoona to raise money and celebrate all things "pink." This past October, the Girls Night Out committee raised $30,000 for the Joyce Murtha Breast Care Center for patient care services.
Article Photos
Courtesy photo
Shown are (from left):?front row — Bonnie Williams, Julie Bratton and Dana Chestney, event co-chairwomen; Patty Felton, director of JMBCC; and Amy Jeffords, administrative director, foundation/communications, Windber Medical Center; back row — committee members Linda Filby, Janice Frank, Deb Pensyl-Reasy, Dianne Crust, Tisia Maxwell, Loane Maier and Dr. Diana Craig, breast surgeon, JMBCC.