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Every Prepper should have a complete knowledge-base in their home library and these are books you can't leave out of that library. Check out some of the best survival and self sufficiency books that we've found. These are books you need!
Every Prepper should have a complete knowledge-base in their home library and these are books you can't leave out of that library. Check out some of the best survival and self sufficiency books that we've found. These are books you need!
The US Army Survival Field Manual is available online for free at:
Because it's a declassified government document, there are no restrictions on distributing it (copyright or otherwise).
Thanks a mill for the info.. Now I just have have to scam the nearly 500 page printoff of the e- book on someone else's printer..
Thanks for your comment Robert, I also have the pdf available for free to download in the downloads section of this websites.
The link is for people who don't have access to print that many pages (or make a nifty booklet out of it).
Also thank you Beserker I think I will make another post with your suggestions.
I would have to disagree. I would say that the Zippo would be the winner. First of all, how many times will you be starting a fire in sever weather conditions without having a shelter first. The shelter will provide the wind protection that the Zippo or the BIC could handle. The fact that the Zippo will burn longer without having to have a button depressed makes it a free standing flame to start your fire. Especially when your fingers are cold and hurt. That is just an opinion. As far as the butane not wanting to evaporate, there is an easy solution to that. Don't let it get cold or warm it up before you attempt to light it. Place it in your armpit for about 3 minutes, that will warm the fuel up plenty and be enought to light it very well. I know this from experience.
You forgot this one, great book:
Back to Basics: How to Learn and Enjoy Traditional American Skills
BTW, the US Army Field Manual is available for download here at http://www.survival-spot.com/survival-blog/downlo…
Operation SERF currently free and online: http://www.oftwominds.com/opSERF/OP-serf.html Takes place in the not too distant future. Written by an OIF veteran.
This is a good collection of books. I would add a cookbook with recipes using ingredients typically found in long-term storage pantries. I've seen a few but don't have a favorite. Is there one that you recommend?
#4 "Making the best of basics" if filled with great recipes that can be made from food storage. I highly recommend it. There are a few other more obscure books like the Amazing Wheat Book (filled with wheat based recipes) that are good too.
In the UK, I'd add "Food for Free" by Richard Mabey.
Two others:
The Encyclopedia of Country Living, by Carla Emery
Boston's Gun Bible, by Boston T. Party
A survival library isn't complete without those two. In fact, I'd rank them above everything else listed (especially the first one). J.W. Rawles, the author of the last book on your list, concurs.
Great list of books. Some of my must-have survival books include "Alas, Babylon" by Pat Frank, "Passport to Survival" by Esther Dickey and "How to Survive the End of the World as We Know It" by James Wesley, Rawles, among others. My whole list here: http://bit.ly/4aDKRt
I agree with 99.9% of the books as listed by the site, and other contributors…
1 drawback, stay away from those "fictional" types…
EG: "patriots".
It's like watching Bear Grylls in "man-vs-wild" Les Stroud, in "Survivorman" on tv.
It can get you killed!
Go with realistic subject material that is tested and true, NOT someone's idea, or maybe's……
Stay alert, stay alive!
Buy, read, study, and above all else, Practice!
Medical books of all kinds, and anything else that can assist you in an emergency scenario!
Besides, a lot of paperback books are not just informative, and educational…some are actually entertaining!
Good site. Good information for someone new to this survival concept. Currently also looking at http://www.urbansurvivalskills.com
I guess you would define me as starting to get prepared but hoping to never have to bug out.
Good Post! Yes we really need books specially for awareness. Global Warming is on of the biggest problem worldwide nowadays so it would be better if we are somewhat aware of what to do. Visit this http://www.globalwarmingsurvivalcenter.com
Nice info about survival, practicing is indeed the best thing u can do!
Thanks for the nice article!
Hello! I have some of those books listed above. Great stuff. My I also suggest the newest title to get started with self-reliance: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/146641152X/surspoblo-20/
"Back to basics: how to make it through hard times"
Take care!
I thought you might find this site of value: http://www.dawnapproaches.com/ultimatesurvival.ht…
They have an Ultimate Survival collection of 150 books and I thought it was quite interesting. They put all 150 books on a DVD-Rom for $9.99 and I have not only found it cheaper than one standard book alone, but much more resourceful (over 36,000 pages) with many of the ways that have been lost to us through time. If you are interested you should take a look. They also have huge woodworking and homesteading collections.
[…] – food grade if for drinking. 16. Propane Cylinders(Urgent: Definite shortages will occur.) 17. Survival Guide Book. 18. Mantles: Aladdin, Coleman, etc. (Without this item, longer-term lighting is difficult.) 19. […]
Another good one is "Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency" by John Seymour.
I have most of the books listed. However, my favorite is "Handbook to Practical Disaster Preparedness for the Family" by Arthur Bradley. This guy did the research and provides simple charts for such basic things as choosing the right battery and planning food storage. Other books tell you what to buy. This book tells you which ones.
The drug is known causes aggression and confusion that can grow with dehydration.
fake ones. Who even knows if it will happen.
The Army manual is a must-have and easy to find at surplus stores.
I'm gone to say to my little brother, that he should also go to see this web site on regular basis to take updated from latest information.


text: I used it for the first time this past Friday in my Redmax trimmer/edger at 50:1. I noticed a smell coming from the trimmer though. It was running stronger than when i used the redmax mix and no smoke, but i was getting this smell??anyone ever experience this??? i didnt get any smell from the edger though??? TIA

subset: commoncrawl


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Well, Well Baby! Silver is Already 2 Months Old!Devan McGuinness
Have you ever looked at the calendar and been all, "Whaaat? How is it the end of February already?" That's what happened to me today as we took Silver to his latest well-baby check and realized the little man is already 2 months old!
It's crazy how people always say to soak in all those little moments — even when you can't see straight from being so tired, but there's so much truth there. Time has completely flown by, and I swear I can remember his birth (and even further back to that pregnancy test) like it was all yesterday — and yet he's changed so much since.
We just got back from his 2-month checkup with his doctor, and it was his first visit with vaccinations. I never look forward to those, but the little man took it all like a champ — though the cry broke my heart. I was able to nurse him immediately after, which always has a lovely calming effect, so he didn't seem upset for too long.
He has officially doubled his birth weight! It's amazing news since he was born on the smaller side due to an umbilical cord issue. He was almost 2 pounds lighter than my other kids at birth, but no issues there anymore! He is in the 50th percentile for both weight and height, and his head is growing wonderfully.
His colic was discussed at the appointment, and we've been offered to see a specialist to see if there are any issues with GERD or other digestive problems. I asked to hold off on a referral for at least a month to see if things get better on their own since it seems to be headed in that direction already. I am hopeful that things will continue to get better with the changes we've been making to help him be more comfortable.
He is getting really strong now — holding up his head, smiling, and oh, the cooing! I am loving this age where he doesn't feel too small that I'm worried I'm going to break him, but he's still young enough to nuzzle his head in my neck and cuddle.
:: What is your baby up to right now? Share in the comments! ::
Photo credit: © Devan McGuinness
Check out these posts:
- 14 Ways to Spot the Parent of a Newborn
- 4 Changes I Made to Help Reduce Baby's Colic
- 3 Products I Used Religiously During Pregnancy That I Still Use Now
- For New Moms, Reducing Stress Benefits You and Your Baby
- 10 Frustrating Inevitabilities of Life With a Newborn
Devan is a freelance writer living in Toronto, Ontario with her husband and four kids. Read more from Devan on Babble and "like" Accustomed Chaos on Facebook!


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LONDON - In the interim, Patsy has been promoted and Edina has gone even more bonkers. And as was true five years ago, Edina's daughter, Saffy, remains the sanest one of all.
You guessed it, sweetie: "Absolutely Fabulous," one of the defining British comedy shows of the last decade, is back.
Comedy Central launches six new episodes starting at 8 p.m. Monday, with Jennifer Saunders once again playing the frizzy-haired, eternally panicky Edina and Joanna Lumley returning as Patsy, Edina's sleek, chic and seriously loopy best friend.
Expect lots of smoking and drinking and sharing notes on sex alongside a fearless comic assault on the facts of female aging. When these women are in full, take-no-prisoners flow, there's simply no such thing as a sacred cow.
Does that mean that sin and decadence, perhaps, are in?
"At the 'Ab Fab' level," Lumley said, "Patsy and Edina's brand of sin will always be in, because they exist on a different level - they're both as real and as unreal as possible."
This series, said Saunders, who also writes the show, is slightly less about drinking and cigarettes "because that's all a bit passe."
The program now, she believes, "is more about a life panic - about staying on top, keeping yourself together."
That was the order of the day when a reporter traveled to west London's BBC Television Center late one summer afternoon to watch the women tape "Menopause," the last of the six episodes. Fending off the advancing years fueled the comedy that particular show, presenting the leads as you've never seen them - and as the performers, some decades away from being geriatric, have never seen themselves.
"I kept saying to the makeup artist, 'We can do this with acting,"' said Saunders, chuckling at the memory of the scene that catapults the women into an old age, the most debilitating kind, "though of course it's a makeup artist's dream to have you in a chair for seven hours when you can't move." (Their day on that occasion began at 5 a.m.)
Before long, the pair had been covered in fake teeth, fake hands, fake forehead, fake hair. "An eyeball," Saunders said, "was the only real bit of us that eventually showed."
Neither star had time to talk to the press during the filming, especially with a live taping to do later the same evening. But both agreed to subsequent interviews with The Associated Press to discuss a phenomenon that first began in England in 1992.
Was a return to "Ab Fab" inevitable?
"Probably," said Saunders, who, at 43, is 12 years younger than Lumley. "I hadn't done it for five years, and it just seemed there was some scope for it and that the world had changed - that there were enough other things to write about again."
Those include Patsy's largely inexplicable rise to editorship of her magazine. ("She probably just changed the signs on the office doors," laughed Lumley.)
PR maven Edina, in turn, risks the ruin of both her new production company and, far worse, of her own face, the latter courtesy of some Botox injections gone wrong.
"If Edina is anything in this series, she's a desperate woman," said Jon Plowman, the BBC's Head of Comedy Entertainment. "Desperate for fame, desperate for celebrity and for being around celebrity."
"It's a funny word," Saunders mused. "People used to be well-known or famous; now, they're just a celebrity. All there are now are celebrity magazines, with this kind of media frenzy about creating them that then feeds on itself.
"It's all very odd."
Far more odd was what effect Sept. 11 might have on the show. (The series' British debut was halfway into its six weeks when the terrorist attacks changed the world.)
That's if Patsy, for one, would even have been aware of that day's events.
"She's too vain to wear glasses," sighed Lumley as regarded playing a character far too self-absorbed to tend to the world outside her front door.
"She can somehow mop up any details about drink, but I don't think she'd get more than about two sentences" into a newspaper. "She's not a fool, (but) she has no staying power; she's razor-sharp in the odd observations."
That very ability to look at life sidelong ensures the show's longevity for as long as its creators want to do it. That, and a skill for keeping things fresh - to wit, Jane Horrocks, now doubling as the dimwitted Bubble and as Katy, her fiercely ambitious cousin, who is a new creation.
"Katy was a conglomerate of all those kind of girlie TV presenters," explained Saunders, referring to a particularly British species of talent. "They're so many; they just sort of hatch."
Will she and Lumley hatch further series of "Ab Fab"?
"They're lots of ideas we didn't get to do," said Saunders, aware that she might perhaps now prefer "to just write one," possibly as a screenplay.
Five years ago, Lumley said, "we were all sent to bed and put back in our boxes, so I can predict nothing with confidence."
What she will say is that "I give this one a big kiss and send it over (to the United States) for people to laugh and enjoy, because that's one of the escapes we have. We can escape into lunacy for a bit."
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Parker improves GNAC javelin mark
Related Links
Parker's toss of 234 feet, 4 inches (71.43 meters) topped the 35-competitor field and surpassed teammate Franz Burghagen for the No. 1 mark in NCAA Div. II this season. Parker had previously ranked fourth as both Seawolf javelin standouts had already attained automatic qualifying standards for the national meet. The Comox, British Columbia, native uncorked his winning throw on his fifth attempt.
Meanwhile, the Seawolves' men were led on the track by sophomore Isaac Kangogo, who raced to a UAA season-best and NCAA provisional qualifying time of 3 minutes, 50.65 seconds in the 1500 meters. The Eldoret, Kenya, native placed sixth among college racers and was the top D-II performer in Saturday's field.
On the women's side, sophomore sprinter Grace Morgan set personal records in both the 100- and 200-meter dashes, finishing in 12.12 seconds and 24.24 seconds, respectively. Another B.C. product, Morgan shaved one-tenth of a second off her school-record time of 24.34 from Friday, improving her NCAA Div. II provisional status. Her 100-meter time is now just 0.08 shy of joining the provisional field.
Junior Ivy O'Guinn – fresh off a school record in the 800 on Friday – blazed to a 4:26.64 time in Saturday's 1500-meter race, improving her NCAA provisional status by nearly one second. The Soldotna (Skyview HS) product entered the weekend ranked No. 4 in Div. II.
Other top showings Saturday included a PR and UAA season-best time of 15.23 for Cody Thomas in the 110-meter high hurdles, a PR of 10.93 seconds for A.J. Allen in the men's 100-meter dash, and a time of 1:00.80 for junior Haleigh Lloyd in the women's 400-meter hurdles.
The Seawolves return to Southern California in two weeks for their final regular-season action at the Occidental Invitational, May 4 at Eagle Rock, Calif.


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Below are top resources on SparkPeople for Australian Licorice.
If you're an active and outdoorsy person who likes running, hiking or boating, it's nice to have some company who shares your passion. When your friends and loved ones aren't available, there's a dog for that.
Before... Read more
Many people claim that they don't have time to work out or cook healthy meals, yet they do find the time to park themselves in front of the TV. In fact, the average American watches 31.5 hours of TV per week, according to a 2010 Nielsen report. T... Read more
Have you noticed that every magazine you pick up lately has advertisements for the many ways we can look younger than our chronological years? There are ads for injections and creams to remove our wrinkles, surgery to zap away our fat, and hair... Read more
Even if you love your job, it may be killing you.
Australian researchers found that men sitting at their desks more than six hours a day are nearly twice as likely to be overweight than those who sit for less than 45 minutes a... Read more
On a recent trip to California, I went on a hike in Runyon Canyon, a park near my daughter's apartment. During my climb, I overheard two women chatting behind me. One was expressing concern regarding comments her teenage daughter ha... Read more
Many Australians on here #friendfinder... Read more
Any Australian gastric sleevers out there need buddies, trying to get back on track, get to my goal and all😊... Read more
Hi there Australian 38 yo single mum of 3 children (19yo 14yo & my baby who is 4 next week) have been on and off with Sparkpeople for many years and just tonight decided to take a lol at this app.. #friendfinder I would love to lose 11 kilos... Read more
I'm looking to lose about 20kg (I'm Australian, I don't know what that is in pounds) and I've found the scale incredibly discouraging, I'm trying to just exercise and eat right, because those numbers are not changing at the moment.... Read more
Australian horse rider in her early 40's looking to loose 30kg. Is anyone else in a similar situation who would like a weight loss buddy?... Read more
Diabetics and people with high blood pressure should not eat licorice. It can lower potassium levels and create heart problems. Licorice also helps the body to reatin sodium and can interfer with normal heart function... Read more
Earlier I said I was substituting Good & Plenty licorice candy for licorice twists, because G & P was eaten slower. By the end of a few days I was starving! Why? I wondered. Lots of fruits and vegetables and whole grains. The only thing I could think... Read more
Australian's supporting each other through their weight loss.... Read more
By Amanda Greene of WomansDay.com Most of us are familiar with bloating—that uncomfortable, swollen feeling in your belly. Whether the bloating is caused by water retention, gas or constipation, you don't necessarily need to head to the pha... Read more
When a Health News headline popped up recently on SparkPeople.com, it caught our attention. Survey results reported last month indicate Australian researchers confirmed what we already believed. People desire help to change their lifestyle instead o... Read more


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KORA Mornings
Roger WWW Garrett has been a part of 98.3 KORA off and on since 1986. Carly has always been a huge talker and lover of ...Read more
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Howdy! I'm Brandie Alexander – Fightin' Texas Aggie Class of '93. WHOOP! I was born and bred in Brenham, Texas ...Read more
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I'm JR and my sixth grade classmates will be surprised to find out that a person CAN make a living being a dork. ...Read more
Ashlen Ray
My name is Ashlen Ray, Fightin' Texas Aggie Class of 2015. I'm from the small town of Needville, Texas where I grew up ...Read more
98.3 KORA Entertainment News
Viola Davis Talks the Rough Night she had at the Emmys
"If anyone can act like she's having a good time, it's Viola Davis. In the fall of 2015, the How to Get ...Read more
Margot Robbie to Host SNL + The Weeknd will be the Musical Guest
Margot Robbie and the Weeknd will be kicking of the 42nd season of Saturday Night Live. The actress will be hosting and ...Read more
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"Brad Pitt is lawyering up. E! News has learned that the 52-year-old has enlisted the help of Lance Spiegel for his ...Read more
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Marion Cotillard is not here for any rumors that involve her in the Brangelina divorce drama. " Cotillard, who stars ...Read more
Adrienne Bailon Denies she was the Girlfriend that Cheated on Rob Kardashian
On Rob and Chyna, Rob disclosed that he was insecure about his relationship with Chyna because in the past he had been ...Read more
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CMA Song Of The Day Contest
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Check out the latest from your favorite Texas Country Artists performing in the KORA Parking Lot ...Read more
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Want to see your favorite artists at Billy Bob's? We got ya covered! Check out the full lineup, then swing by to ...Read more
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Register your office to win delicious breakfast tacos from La Botana Mexican Restaurant and 98.3 KORA! ...Read more
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Every Tuesday from 7 to 9pm at Ozona Grill & Bar in College Station! Click here to check out our lineup ...Read more
98.3 KORA Music News
Kelsea Ballerini Talks what's Next for her
Kelsea Ballerini's debut album was amazing and full of material. So what's next for the singer? "Right ...Read more
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"Country music may be the most misunderstood of all genres. The mere mention of it can conjure up images of people ...Read more
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The Haggard boys, Marty, Noel & Ben are keeping their father's music alive. Check out their cover of ...Read more
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David and Victoria Beckham are spending quiet family time together welcoming their new arrival – and first baby girl – Harper Seven Beckham, and relishing their privacy, a rep for the couple tells PEOPLE.
But the question lingers: How did the parents of three boys – Brooklyn, 12, Romeo, 8½, and Cruz, 6½ – ever arrive at the name Harper, let alone Seven?
It may not be as complicated as you think.
Harper is an old English name that Victoria has always loved, PEOPLE has learned, and seven is considered a very lucky spiritual number.
In addition, Harper Seven was born Sunday morning in L.A.'s Cedars-Sinai Medical Center weighing 7 lbs. (and 10 oz.) in the seventh hour in the seventh month – on the seventh day of the week.
As sports fans can't help but also note, seven was David's jersey number for Manchester United and the English national team.
Speaking of numbers, the Irish bookmaking firm of Paddy Power has offered odds of 100:1 on Harper's following in dad's footsteps and going out for the England Women's team. The odds of her becoming a singer in the mode of her former Spice Girl mom are 16:1.
With additional reporting by SIMON PERRY
How Harper Seven Beckham Got Her Name
Richard Young/Getty
updated 07/11/2011 AT 12:00 PM EDT
•originally published 07/11/2011 AT 08:00 AM EDT


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2004-2004 Saturn Vue EGR Valve for V6 3.5L1AEGR00023-503908
This part replaces:
- Standard Motor Products EGV658
- New
This Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve, is an aftermarket replacement part that has the following specifications:
- Direct Fit
- Built to strict quality control standards
- Replaces dealer part numbers: 12581515, 18011P8AA00, 18011-P8A-A00, 18011P8CA00, 18011-P8C-A00, 18011P8FA00, 18011-P8F-A00, 18011PGKA00, 18011-PGK-A00, 18011PGKA02, 18011-PGK-A02, 18011PGKA03, 18011-PGK-A03, 18011RCAA00, 18011RCAA00, 18011-RCA-A00, 18011-RCA-A00
If your vehicle is running rough or has failed emissions due to a bad EGR valve then this is the part for you.
The EGR valve in your vehicle is a critical part of the emission reduction system on your vehicle. At certain throttle levels the valve allows exhaust gasses to recirculate through the engine combustion process. This process is key in reducing Oxides of Nitrogen emissions.
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How to Reduce the Risk of SIDS
If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to our RSS feed. Thanks for visiting!
My husband is a worse worry wart than I am (he is sooo going to be in trouble when our girls become teenagers and start bringing the boys home). One of his biggest worries when our girls were little was SIDS - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Even though we tried to do all the right 'stuff' to reduce the risk - we are non-smokers and our house is smoke-free (check); we had very healthy pregnancies (check); we put our babies to sleep on their backs or sides (check); we breastfed (check); we used a baby sleeping bag and kept the babies' room at an appropriate temperature monitored by a thermometer (check). We did what we could but of course we still worried.
The good news is, there are many, many more things you can do to reduce the chance of your baby dying of SIDS. Here is a great complilation from Dr.Sears outlining the latest research on SIDS reduction - so you can perhaps worry just a teensy weensy bit less. :-)
Drop a comment below with any questions or comments. We love to hear from you!


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FOR 10 years the government has neglected to adjust the means test for patients using public hospitals, leaving more and more poor people without medical aid to foot their own bills.
Patients have been hit with a double whammy as treatment and hospital fees have risen by up to 75% since the means test was first set in 2002. As a result, many families that have had to contend with serious illness have been saddled with debts that can take years to pay off.
"When I had surgery in 2006 for colon cancer, I got a bill for R9,500," says Margaret Sass, a retired schoolteacher from Strandfontein who survives on a R3,500 monthly pension.
She arranged with Groote Schuur Hospital to settle her debt over four years, paying a few hundred rand at a time. Mrs Sass had barely handed over her last instalment when she was diagnosed with liver cancer and needed another operation.
The November 2010 procedure was a success and her cancer is in remission, but she is still paying off the R11,500 bill and fees charged for follow-up visits. "We pensioners don't mind paying for services, but it's become almost unaffordable," says Ms Sass, who expects to take more than two years to clear her outstanding debt of almost R8,000.
Between 4-million and 6-million South Africans have no medical aid insurance and do not qualify for discounted fees at public hospitals, putting them at risk of huge medical bills, estimates health economist Alex van den Heever, who based his calculation on the 2011 General Household Survey.
"Not even a mid-income person can afford public hospital care on an out-of-pocket basis for trauma or major medical conditions … it can be catastrophic," Prof van den Heever says. "The problem is that medical scheme membership is not mandatory, so anyone who decides not to join is exposed," he says.
While public sector treatment for a condition such as breast cancer costs less than in the private sector, those who are liable to pay still face bills running to hundreds of thousands of rand, he says.
Public hospital fees are set out in the Department of Health's Uniform Patient Fee Schedule, which classifies patients into three groups. Those who earn more than R6,000 a month and pay in full; those who earn less than the threshold and qualify for subsidy; and those who are formally unemployed or dependent on state grants and receive free healthcare.
If inflation over the past decade was factored in, the upper threshold should today be in the region of R10,500, according to Reserve Bank economist Ian Venter.
The freezing of the threshold is drawing increasing numbers of people earning lower and lower real incomes into the full-fee net, says health economist Diane McIntyre from the University of Cape Town. The fees levied by public hospitals have increased considerably since 2002, but were last adjusted in 2007, according to Dr Anban Pillay, the Department of Health's deputy director-general for health regulation and compliance.
Dr Pillay concedes that the Uniform Patient Fee Schedule classification of patients has not kept pace with inflation, and says a task team has been appointed to look at the issue.
Most provincial health departments are in such administrative disarray that individuals rarely get billed, and public hospitals have only modest success in getting the big insurers to pay, he says. With the exception of the Western Cape, public hospitals have little incentive to collect outstanding debts as they do not retain any of the revenue.
"I have never even heard of a patient in Gauteng getting a letter of demand," says the Democratic Alliance's Jack Bloom. "The province can't even bill medical aids and the Road Accident Fund. No one pays attention to individual patients."
But in the Western Cape, which arguably boasts South Africa's most efficient health department, patients are expected to pay. Those who do not are handed over to debt collectors.
"All patients are informed that if they can't pay their account, they must provide full information regarding their income and assets and the department will consider reaching an accommodation," says Western Cape head of health Prof Craig Househam. "In many cases there is a significant reduction in the amount payable, and people can pay off over a period of time."
His department collected R305m from public hospital patients in the 2011-12 fiscal year, R55m of which came from patients' own pockets.
It wrote off another R229m in bad debts, of which R189m was attributable to patients without cover from medical aid or the Road Accident Fund.
While patient fees constitute a relatively small part of the department's R14.6bn operating budget, they can become a major concern for liable individuals.
"It is quite a strain," says Strandfontein resident Gail Small, whose husband is a self-employed boiler maker with irregular income. She was diagnosed with lymphoma four years ago and though her cancer is in remission, she still requires regular checkups, which come at a cost. The hospital allowed her to pay in instalments, but it has at times been hard to find the money, she says.
The Uniform Patient Fee Schedule policy says patients who cannot afford the fees levied according to their classification "may be reclassified" as exempt from fees "by the person in charge of the health facility", enabling hospitals to write off part or all of a patient's debt.
But many patients have neither the energy or skills to navigate the bureaucracy, and staff do not always verify patient claims, leaving the process open to corruption.
In the long run, the state's plans to introduce National Health Insurance (NHI), which would be free at the point of service, should do away with the financial burden facing public sector patients.
But in the short term, the NHI plan could inadvertently make things worse.
This is because the NHI pilot project includes funding to improve hospitals' revenue collection. If that aspect of the project is not carefully managed, many more patients could find themselves in the same financial straits as Mrs Sass.


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In their article recently published in the ARCHIVES, Torn and colleagues1 underscore the importance to establish an optimal therapeutic range for people taking warfarin. Warfarin, in fact, is associated with a high risk of bleeding when the international normalized ratio rises above the upper limits and with a lacking prophylactic effect when it falls under the lower limits of the therapeutic range. To encompass these problems, a strict control performed by experienced personnel in anticoagulant (AC) clinics and the use of computer-assisted dosage adjustment are recommended in the editorial by O'Donnel and Hirsh2 in the same ARCHIVES issue.
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Right Surf Ads are very annoying and cause my search to lock up and slow. I hate it and I will shop less on Ebay because of it. PLEASE fix it.
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Radio host's foundation donates $30,000 to family of firefighter Scott Tanksley
A foundation run by Dallas-area radio talk show host Russ Martin has donated $30,000 to the family of firefighter Scott Tanksley, who died in the line of duty last week.
The Russ Martin Listener Foundation cut the check Feb. 11, the day after Tanksley fell to his death from an overpass after he was hit by a car while working an ice-induced car-wreck. He was survived by his wife Wendi and three young children — his son Levi and his daughters Laynee and Lynlee Grace.
Martin, who hosts an afternoon FM radio show on KEGL 97.1, said in an email in to The Dallas Morning News that he never asks what the money goes toward.
"It's intended as a stop-gap while they wait on insurance and other fundraising monies to come in," Martin said. "Finances should be the last of their concerns at an emotionally debilitating time."
The foundation has written 22 checks — for nearly $500,000 total — for fallen North Texas first responders since 2001. Among those donations was another $30,000 check to the family of firefighter Stanley Wilson, who died in an apartment blaze last year in far northeast Dallas.
He also said hasn't heard yet from Tanksley's wife. Tanksley's funeral, which brought thousands of mourners, was Monday.
"I never expect to hear from the families, but often do," Martin said. "It's always painful to read their letters of appreciation, because I dont do, 'thank you.'"


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Senate Session Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forest was discharged from further consideration of H.R. 4099, to suspend section 332 of the… read more
Senate Session Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forest was discharged from further consideration of H.R. 4099, to suspend section 332 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 for the 1991 crop of wheat, and bill was then passed. The Senate passed S. 1230, to authorize the acquisition of additional lands containing Indian burial grounds for inclusion in the Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site, North Dakota. The Senate continued consideration of S. 1630, to amend the Clean Air Act. close
People in this video
- Max Baucus U.S. Senator [D] Montana
- Lloyd Bentsen U.S. Senator [D] Texas
- Conrad Burns U.S. Senator [R] Montana
- John H. Chafee U.S. Senator [R] Rhode Island
- Alan Cranston U.S. Senator [D] California
- Christopher "Chris" J. Dodd U.S. Senator [D] Connecticut
- Robert "Bob" Joseph Dole U.S. Senator [R] Kansas
- James Exon U.S. Senator [D] Nebraska
- Slade Thomas Gorton III U.S. Senator [R] Washington
- Orrin Hatch U.S. Senator [R] Utah
- H. John Heinz U.S. Senator [R] Pennsylvania
- Jesse Helms U.S. Senator [R] North Carolina
- J. "Bennett" Bennett Johnston U.S. Senator [D] Louisiana
- J. "Robert" Robert Kerrey U.S. Senator [D] Nebraska
- John S. McCain III U.S. Senator [R] Arizona
- Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Senator [D] Ohio
- George J. Mitchell U.S. Senator [D] Maine
- Harry Reid U.S. Senator [D] Nevada
- William V. Roth Jr. U.S. Senator [R] Delaware
- Paul Simon U.S. Senator [D] Illinois
- Arlen Specter U.S. Senator [R] Pennsylvania
- Steven D. Symms U.S. Senator [R] Idaho
- John W. Warner U.S. Senator [R] Virginia
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The Senate resumed consideration of S. 1630 to amend the Clean Air Act.


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Over the past 10 years, our work has been featured in print and on radio and television programs across Canada. Click on the linked text below to see our most recent coverage:
The Blue Whale:
The epic story of our reconstruction of the Beaty Biodiversity Museum's blue whale skeleton was portrayed in Discovery Channel's 45-minute feature documentary titled Raising Big Blue.
- BC Local News article by Marilyn Assaf: "the unveiling... brought tears to the eyes of dozens of volunteers and donors who helped in time or money to bring the eye-catching educational exhibit to life..."
- CTV newscast by Gord Kurbis: "a monumental challenge [to] reassamble a gray whale that washed ashore in Sooke..."
- Times Colonist by Robert Barron: "whale spine [installation] will educate, inspire"
- Globe and Mail by Ian Bailey: "the skeleton... is a sight to behold."
- Pacific Yachting in the series on "Coastal Characters" by Marianne Scott: "from sea otters to blue whales, Mike deRoos is gaining a worldwide reputation for re-assembling animal skeletons..."
- CTV News broadcast: "Giant [humpback] whale headed to museum"
- Vancouver Sun by Andrew Bailey: "...for a museum to have a beautifully intact, pristine skeleton like this in their collections is... priceless."
- Times Colonist by Katherine Dedyna: "Nine metres worth of whale bone... were trucked and ferried to Salt Spring Island."
The Blue Whale:
The epic story of our reconstruction of the Beaty Biodiversity Museum's blue whale skeleton was portrayed in Discovery Channel's 45-minute feature documentary titled Raising Big Blue.
Coverage of The Blue Whale Project:
- A-Channel News broadcast on YouTube:
- British Columbia Magazine by Jenny Mather: "I was among the more than 3,500 people who attended the public preview [of the blue whale exhibit], eager to see the new museum and gawk at the great creature."
- The Walrus by David Ng: "'The whale is a focal point to talk about the loss of biodiversity and the importance of conservation. It will stir emotions in people.'""
- Yes Magazine by Diane Dakers and Jude Isabella: "...Canada's first blue whale skeleton, and only the fifth in North America. Worldwide, about 20 blue whale skeletons are on display."
- Vancouver Observer by Duncan McGregor: "The [blue whale] specimen has opened the doors to many dialogues on biodiversity... Michael [deRoos] is just a very gifted individual... he's a combination of artist, biologist and engineer."
- UBC Public Affairs: "the UBC blue whale is the largest skeleton exhibit in the world suspended without external armature."
- Seaside Times by Doreen Marion Gee, December 2012: "[The blue whale exhibit] is an awe-inspiring symbol of the greatness of nature and the vastness of the biodiversity in our oceans and on our planet."
Coverage of The Marine Mammal Skeleton Project:
- UBC Marine Mammal Skeleton Project Opening: "This new field-trip destination provides an opportunity to inspire and engage students, and British Columbians of any age, in the protection of our province's treasured marine life."
- The Vancouver Sun: photo gallery of the Marine Mammal Skeleton Project skeletons.


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Starry Nights is the biggest holiday light show and festival in the region, and it also powers the Park! Driving through the lights of Starry Nights is a long-standing holiday tradition for thousands of families throughout the Mid-South, and all proceeds from the event help keep Shelby Farms Park and Shelby Farms Greenline clean, green and safe.
Ticket information coming soon!
See Starry Nights at the speed of light during the annual Starry 4K Run/Walk! This exciting race is back this year and offers runners or walkers a chance to race through the lights. Pre-registered participants will receive a long-sleeved t-shirt that glows in the dark. This race is family-friendly and open to all ages. This is your last chance to see the lights in 2016!
Registration information coming soon.
For marketing + media inquiries, contact Angie Whitfield at email@example.com or (901) 222-7262.
For sponsorship opportunities, contact Chris Duncan at email@example.com or (901) 222-7250.
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When Christopher Savoy got called into the principal's office in 1994, it changed his future.
He had been selected along with nearly a dozen other students from John Bartram High School to participate in the Philadelphia Futures ``Sponsor a Scholar'' program.
Last night, 61 high school students, including Savoy, were honored for completing their education, and gaining college acceptance. The ceremony was held in Montgomery Auditorium at the Central Library at Logan Square.


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- Trusted by thousands. Over 26,000 customers in 100+ countries trust Global One Technology to deliver mission-critical HP hardware - including Fortune 500 businesses, schools, hospitals, and federal, state, and local goverment agencies.
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This item, 588156-B21, is the HP retail number for the product described as Intel Xeon Processor Model X7542 (2.67GHz, 18MB cache, 130W). Further details below.HP Option Part #: 588156-B21
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Sen. Wendy Davis halts tough abortion law with Texas Senate filibuster
Photo: Louis DeLuca/Staff Photographer
The gallery listened as state Sen. Wendy Davis filibustered.
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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- The Name Says It All: Make a 'Pumpkin Stuffed with Everything Good'
- Read the Cover Story: Brad & Angelina Split After 12 Years: It's Over
- 'Charlotte Loves Her Teddies!' Says Princess Kate – See All the Gifts the Little Royals Have Been Given So Far in Canada
- Shelter Removes Stray Dog's 'Enormous' 3.5 Lb. Tumor, Readies Him for Adoption
- Celebs at Home: Vanessa Hudgens, Sarah Jessica Parker, Olivia Munn and More!
People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- August 18, 1975
- Vol. 4
- No. 7
I am fast approaching 50, and each day I say "You lie!" to my mirror. Do you have any idea how cruel and inhuman it is for you to put a picture of Candice Bergen on your cover (PEOPLE, July 28, 1975)? Nobody—but nobody—should be allowed to look so lovely.
Jean Koch
Saying Candice Bergen has "a mind like an IBM 360" is a rather left-handed compliment. The IBM 370 series replaced and upgraded the 360 several years ago. But then maybe Mr. Darrach knew that all along...
Kenneth Winston
Cambridge, Mass.
Candice Bergen may contend that "women need each other." However, for a woman nearly 30 to pit herself against a 17-year-old girl (Susan Ford) for a particular male's attention is not only unsisterly, it is absurd. She should learn what is acceptable conduct on the part of a house guest.
Elizabeth N. Nagle
Clifton, N.J.
Candy Bergen's quote, "...I understand that women need each other and have to stand together," is borne out by the omission of her mother's name in the article. Instead, mom is identified as a "beautiful, frustrated mother who might have been..." Shame on your author, Brad Darrach. Why, you even named Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd—but then, they were male puppets.
Janice Knowlton
Stanton, Calif.
Mom is Frances Westerman, a cover girl herself in the 1940s.—ED.
Your article on Liberace was quite entertaining. However, Liberace's bejeweled flight was over the acrylic cover of a Baldwin Concert Grand, not a see-through Steinway.
Wayne Baldwin
Scarborough, Ont.
The piano was specially built by Baldwin for Liberace for $50,000 and is the only one like it in the world.
Seymour N. Heller
Los Angeles
The Littells
The Littells left "abrasive" New York City for the "congenial atmosphere" of the French Riviera. Yet Mrs. Littell claims, "The French don't accept you." Could it have anything to do with her husband's standing on the side of the road with a gun in his hand?
Beth Newman
Littell is holding a toy gun he had just taken away from his children.—ED.
Bob and Deanna Littell get my vote for the worst-parents-of-the-year award. Why do people like that have children if it's too "boring" to care for them? How sad it is that the children have to settle for "motherlike" affection.
Mary A. Buckley
New York
I don't really care what the Bob Littells of the world think of nonworking women, but I do take exception to the statement that women without "jobs" are bores. Actually, bores are to be found everywhere—some operate out of their homes, some write books and some even design dresses.
Jacqueline Colgin
Manassas, Va.
Martha Mitchell
It's the first article I've read in a long time that wasn't all insults and criticism of Martha. I am looking forward to reading her autobiography.
Barbara Cooper
Creekside, Pa.
I don't understand why Martha Mitchell worked for two weeks without salary if the poor dear lady believes she's so close to poverty. If $1,000 a week isn't enough to live on, maybe she should put herself on a tighter budget like the rest of us.
Carol J. Gervais
Mafia foe Charles Siragusa
I've regarded Charles Siragusa with a wary eye for years. Your article has confirmed my view. Southern Italians, oppressed by "law enforcers" for centuries, have little use for any of their own people who take up that line of work. The Italian community, one of the prime targets of bigotry in this country, works hard at trying to overcome the gangster image it has wrongfully been shackled to, only to have countrymen like Siragusa state that all the "mob" is Italian and then make the outrageous statement that no other group can match the Italians for brutality! That sounds suspiciously like someone selling out to win a pat on the head and be known as a "good" Sicilian.
Barbara Murtaugh
Vic Braden
As a former student of Vic Braden's in the early '60s, I was glad to see him finally get some recognition for his work. Not only has he developed many fine players, but, more importantly, he has produced many more fans of the sport. Tennis will someday be the nation's number 1 participation sport and it will be the Vic Bradens, not the Jimmy Connors, who put it there.
Christopher Whitcraft
Santa Barbara
I'd like to pose a three-word question pertaining to your anecdote on Charlton Heston's peanut butter addiction: do we care? What newsworthy treasures lie in store for us next week: Streisand's toenail polish? You PEOPLE are dabbling in the stuff lower literary life forms thrive on. Assert yourselves, ax your trivia department.
Monty Mickelson
Owatonna, Minn.
More in the Archive
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Treat Yourself! 4 Preview Issues
The most buzzed about stars this minute!


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"Follow The Sun" - Bell's Brewery Oberon Ale Poster for Oberon Release 2013
Quality printed posters designed by Black Lab Five. Semi-gloss Finish. Measures 20"x16".
Posted by Unknown on 20th Aug 2013
Arrived quickly and exactly as advertised. Most excellent.
Click the button below to add the 2013 Oberon Ale Poster - Follow The Sun to your wish list.


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Hi! My name is Ember
I am a Somali from Glendale, CA
Nicknames: Widget,Muppet,C- at 2,Kitty,Emburge- r
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Where I hang out: Mom's bed
My favorite grubs: Wet canned tuna cat food
My pet peeves: Being picked up, not being cuddled, and putting on flea medicine
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By MICHAEL FORNABAIO
BRIDGEPORT, Conn. - A desperate comeback got the game to overtime and earned the Springfield Falcons a point Tuesday at Webster Bank Arena.
It was scarcely a reward for Nick Drazenovic.
"It's funny. Someone just said in the (dressing) room, good job getting one point," Drazenovic said after the Falcons' 4-3 loss to the Bridgeport Sound Tigers.
"A couple of us said no, it's not. We're in first place for a reason.
We don't accept one point. If we start better, we win, that's the bottom line."
Bridgeport took a 3-1 lead, outshooting the Falcons 24-8, 6:13 into the second period. Springfield outshot the Sound Tigers 24-5 the rest of regulationand tied it on Tomas Kubalik's goal with 40.7 seconds remaining.
"We slept for two periods," Falcons coach Brad Larsen said. "The urgency wasn't there. Our puck battles were awful. ... They worked hard, but I felt we gave them easy opportunities."
John Persson's deflection 2:46 into overtime gave the Sound Tigers the win in a game they trailed after 46 seconds but then took over for the next 39 minutes.
Goals by Drazenovic (right circle with 11:53 remaining) and Kubalik in the third tied it.
"We can't worry about how other teams are going to play," Larsen said.
"Unfortunately we came out slow, lethargic. It cost us being down two goals going to the third."
Springfield still leads the Northeast Division by 13 points over the Connecticut Whale, with Albany and Bridgeport one more point behind.
The Sound Tigers scored special-teams goals 1:55 apart in the second to take a lead.
Nino Niederreiter finished off a short-handed goal on a two-on-one with Brock Nelson to break a 1-1 tie. Matt Donovan's power-play goal from the high slot made it 3-1.
Drazenovic and Ryan Craig both extended scoring streaks to five games in the third period.
Bridgeport had some rust to shake off. Friday's blizzard dumped three feet of snow on some parts of the region and forced the Sound Tigers to postpone games Saturday and Sunday.
The Falcons jumped on top quickly Tuesday on Ryan Johansen's 16th goal on a two-on-one. He has a goal in his last four AHL games, two in January before the Columbus Blue Jackets called him up and two since the Blue Jackets sent him back.
The period was almost half over before the Falcons put another shot on goal. Curtis McElhinney made some big saves to keep it close but couldn't stop Jack Combs' breakaway at 11:27 of the first.
While the team was on the ice, the Blue Jackets, announced they had fired general manager Scott Howson. No replacement was immediately named. Larsen, just hearing the news, had no comment.
Forward Cody Bass, who has been out injured since Oct. 28, took warmup but was scratched.
"He's coming around," Larsen said. "He's cleared right now, but we're just trying to get him up to speed. Maybe on the weekend he'll get in."
NOTES: The Columbus Blue Jackets have reassigned defenseman Nick Holden to the Springfield Falcons, their American Hockey League affiliate.
Holden recorded 17:19 total ice time and had a plus-1 rating in two games with Columbus. He had four goals and 18 assists in 44 games with Springfield prior to his brief call-up due to injuries to veteran defensemen.
Holden was originally signed by the Blue Jackets as a free agent on March 28, 2008. The 6-foot-4, 207-pound blue-liner signed a one-year contract extension with Columbus in each of the past two summers.
He is scoreless in seven career NHL games.


text:
Armored Core V
- Platforms: PS3, X360
- Developer: From Software
- Publisher: NamcoBandai
- Genre: Action
- VN:F [1.9.22_1171]User Score: 0 votes
- Add to MyGames
The ARMORED CORE series is renowned in the mech action genre for its intense one-on-one battles and customization options. ARMORED CORE V is a new entry that revolutionizes the series with more content than the previous games, a completely new atmosphere, and a robust offline mode. In addition, the online mode has been newly designed to focus on huge team-based battles on a global scale. Featuring mechs or "Armored Cores" that are smaller in scale than in previous games, ARMORED CORE V centers more on tactics and effectively utilizing the geography of a level rather than just relying on attacks.
In a shattered world, the people are pushed toward the abyss of catastrophe, yet they keep fighting. With a theme based on the idea of human strength in the face of adversity, the story describes the folly and transience of humanity as well as its never-give-up attitude when faced with a desperate struggle
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text: For all members of the Tiffin T-Square Dance Club, we wish to thank those businesses in Tiffin who helped display street signs advertising square dance lessons this fall. They were Rural King, Old Fort Bank, PNC, Tiffin Deluxe Services, Pizza Hut, Fast Cash, Rite Aid and Tiffin Community YMCA plus Linda Niederkohr-CPA in Republic and I.C. Treats in Bascom.


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7 Things That Are More Fun When You're PregnantDevan McGuinness
Pregnancy itself is fun, but some things in life are just more fun to do when you are pregnant.
I am still waiting for my body to get the clue that I would like to be (and stay) pregnant again, but in the meantime I am reminiscing over my previous pregnant days. I love being pregnant even through the terrible and annoying symptoms that seem to plague me, I love it all.
As I enter the seventh month of "operation put baby in uterus," I am realizing how certain mundane things in our everyday lives are just so much fun to do when pregnant. I have my fingers crossed for myself and all you who are hoping to be pregnant soon!
Click through to read 7 things that are more fun when you're pregnant:
Sexy Time 1 of 7If you've been trying to conceive, and when you're finally pregnant, having fun with your partner can be more fun. Chore sex, as I call it, is not that fun. Also, when your belly starts to grow, you will have to be creative in your positions and that's always surprisingly fun!
Photo credit: photostock
Doctor Appointments 2 of 7Usually we only see the doctor or care providers when we're sick. When you're pregnant, it's not a given that you are suffering from a head cold or an ongoing ailment that takes you to the office, but your growing babe.
Photo credit: photostock
Gaining Weight 3 of 7No one really likes to gain weight, but when you're pregnant it becomes more fun. It's about your baby growing not you.
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Afternoon Naps 4 of 7We all love a good afternoon nap, but it hits an all-new level of awesome when you're pregnant. The opportunity does not frequently arise, but pregnant ladies need their sleep -- and that's always a good thing.
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Shopping 5 of 7Not only are you getting to buy new things for your growing body, but you have a baby to shop for now.
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Dreaming 6 of 7Not just daydreaming, which is so fun when you're pregnant, but also real dreaming. There are some people (::cough::) who have really vivid dreams when pregnant that adds more fun and spice to dreamland.
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Eating 7 of 7Eating is always fun, but so much more so when pregnant. You have less guilt about eating and you get to be more creative in finding fun or weird combinations.
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Background Information On Cancer
What Is Cancer?3,4
Cancer is a group of more than 100 diseases caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Tumors, or abnormal growth of tissue, may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are usually slow-growing and not life-threatening, whereas malignant tumors (or cancers) are made up of cells with abnormal genetic material (or DNA) and usually grow more rapidly. Malignant tumors (cancers) have a tendency to invade neighboring tissues or organs and to travel and grow in other areas of the body (i.e., to metastasize). If the spread of the cancer is not stopped, cancer cells invade vital organs which can result in death. Cancer cells may remain at their original site (local stage), spread to an adjacent area of the body (regional stage), or spread throughout the body (distant stage). Cancers at the local, regional or distant stage are considered invasive. A very early cancer found in only a few layers of cells, called in situ cancer, is considered non-invasive.
What Causes Cancer?3,4
Cancers are caused by a variety of factors working alone or in combination. Some cancers are caused by external factors such as tobacco, diet, certain chemicals, radiation, and viruses. Other cancers are caused by internal factors such as hormones, immune conditions, and inherited genetic mutations. Usually ten or more years pass between exposure to a factor that causes cancer and detectable disease.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S., with 1,220,100 new cases and 552,200 deaths estimated for 2000 by the American Cancer Society. Cancer occurs in people of all ages, but its occurrence increases greatly in people over 45 years of age. However, it is also the leading cause of non-accidental death among U.S. children under age 15. In the U.S., men have about a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of developing cancer and women have about a 1 in 3 lifetime risk. (These figures do not include basal and squamous cell skin cancers or in situ cancer except for the bladder.)
Over the past 50 years, the death rate from cancer has increased steadily, due mainly to a large rise in lung cancer death rates resulting from smoking. During the past few years cancer incidence and death rates have begun to decrease, possibly as a result of healthier lifestyles, particularly decreases in smoking. Men have a higher mortality rate from cancer than women, and blacks have the highest cancer mortality rate of any major racial group. Compared with earlier years, a much higher percentage of people diagnosed with cancer now are surviving. Now, about six out of every ten people diagnosed with cancer will survive for at least five years.
Sources of Information About Cancer
For additional information on cancer these organizations may be contacted:
American Cancer Society - phone 1-800-ACS-2345 (or 1-800-227-2345) or access the Internet website at http://www.cancer.org. The American Cancer Society is a nationwide, community-based, voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives and diminishing suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy, and service.
Cancer Epidemiology Services, New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services - phone 609-588-3500 or access the Internet website at http://www.state.nj.us/health. Cancer Epidemiology Services has incidence data on cancer among New Jersey residents from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry, as well as informational materials from various organizations.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - voice information system 888-842-6355 or access the Internet website at http://www.cdc.gov/. The mission of the CDC is to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. The CDC's website includes a link devoted to cancer in English (http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/) and in Spanish (http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/enfermedades/cancer.htm).
National Cancer Institute - phone 1-800-4-CANCER (or 1-800-422-6237) or access the Internet website at http://www.nci.nih.gov. The Cancer Information Service (CIS) of the National Cancer Institute provides a nationwide telephone service for the public, cancer patients, and their families. Their health care professionals can answer questions in English and Spanish and send printed materials. People with TTY equipment for the hearing impaired may call 1-800-332-8615.
Special Population Networks for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training - phone
1-301-496-8589. This program makes educational materials available to the public, and research and training programs available to minority researchers. It is a program of the National Cancer Institute.


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|Reviews for Sapphires and Emeralds
| Mithee chapter 1 . 6/11/2013
really hoping you'd get this published. also katie-ann! really, this is for katie-ann. it's been 4 years already and i still remember jeremy, nick and the youngest brother (lol forgot his name). you have no idea how many times i fantasize (STILL!) what will happen to jeremy and katie. i haven't lost hope that you'd continue on with their story. i hope you haven't too. see you soon in goodreads!
| RunningBarefootAtMidnight chapter 1 . 12/26/2012
I remember reading this story back before you removed it and it was without a doubt one of the best stories I have read on this site. I was just wondering if you were any closer to publishing this as a real book? I would be willing to pay to read this story again, it was amazing. Please let me know!
| Funnechick chapter 1 . 8/3/2012
Hey, I know it's probably been so long you don't remember me, but I have been missing this story for quite some time. I've been wanting to re-read it (because I do honestly think it's my favorite out of all the stories I've read online). Have you ever considered posting on wattpad (people cannot copy and paste your text there) or self-pusblishing on Amazon, maybe an ebook? I would definitely buy a copy and I know others would. Well, you're probably busy living life, but just think about it. :)
-Funnechick (Adrienne)
| RMluver12 chapter 1 . 7/11/2012
I really want to read this story :(
| mariana333 chapter 1 . 4/29/2012
Is there any way you could just send me the story so that I can read it again? It is literally my favorite story. I understand if you don't want to though. if you do decide to though my email is . You would totally make my life if you sent it because this is the greatest story I've ever read! I really hope you get published.
| Delaney chapter 1 . 4/22/2012
HEYYY. I miss your story so badly. How's the journey to publishing going?
| raiseyourweapon chapter 1 . 1/2/2011
wtf. i read this story and loved it. here i am, wanting to read it again, when this happens. fuck plagiarizers.
| Angel chapter 1 . 6/11/2010
The prologue is... intriguing. Wish I could have read the rest.
| romanceistheish chapter 1 . 2/23/2010
I'm really sad that a lot of the authors that I love won't be posting on fp any longer, but I understand, it's all because of those plagiarisers who had to ruin it for everyone. Please keep us updated if you plan to publish, which I really hope you're considering, because I for sure would buy this story.
| FictionObssessed chapter 1 . 12/30/2009
Hey there!I read your this story a few times when i was a silent reader.
I just want to let you know you wrote a really good story that i greatly enjoyed reading again and again, and your edited version was even better!
It's such a shame that like most authors you had trouble with plaigerism and your decision to remove it for your own purposes.
By chance i found your story link again after trying to search it for months.
Anyway i hope to read this story again when you come back hopefully, and to read some new ones!
| HPRK08 chapter 1 . 11/13/2009
ARGHH I love this story!
| Omnia Vanitas chapter 1 . 11/12/2009
I understand why you took this story down and the rest but I just wanted to let you know, this is one of the first stories I read on her and will always be my favorite. You are a great writer and I hope that you continue in the future. And, I hope you have great success. Good luck.
| blackroxduh17 chapter 1 . 10/30/2009
ugh! times lke this, i just wanna strangle those who plaigarized you! i love this story and just when i come bck to fictionpress to read it for like the 14th time, i find this! I was so dissapointed! I think i may have cried a little! Hopefully, the story will be reposted again SOON! (HINT HINT) lol. I check fictionpress everyday, just to see if you reposted! lol! Post it up SOON!\
| All Over You chapter 1 . 10/22/2009
hi! i just wanted you to know that i read this story before you took it down and before i was even posting on FP, but i just wanted to tell you that i LOVED SaE. i'm pretty sure you even made me cry a little and to me, that just screams brilliance.
plagiarism sucks and hopefully you'll be able to share this story with us again someday :]
| passer chapter 1 . 10/13/2009
please put up your story again! somewhere with strict rules like lj mayb? i love every part of your story i've read it like so many times! love it totally. please put it up! wish u the best of luck on having it published! that would be awesome too :) please be back soon! i'm sure many of ur fans (includ me) r really disappointed now :(


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Shaoul, Ron*†; Okada, Yoshio‡; Cutz, Ernest§; Marcon, Margaret A.†
*Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; †Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, §Hospital for Sick Children, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ‡Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science Okayama Perfectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan
Received July 7, 2003; accepted December 31, 2003.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ron Shaoul, Head, Pediatric Day Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Dr. Shaoul was a Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Research Fellow. He was also supported by grants from the American Physicians Fellowship for Medicine in Israel program, Janssen/Ortho Inc., and the Postgraduate Dyson Fellowship Award from the University of Toronto.
Background: The quantity and quality of mucins are affected in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) both because of a reduction in the number of goblet cells and a decrease in the number of sugar residues per oligosaccharide side chain. Alteration in the types of mucins and aberrant location may contribute to the underlying pathology by affecting the mucus barrier function or may instead be a response to inflammation. The authors used the periodic acid-Schiff/Alcian blue stain to distinguish neutral and acidic mucins, and used specific antibodies to the mature goblet cell mucin MUC2, MUC2 core antigen, foveolar cell mucin MUC5AC, and gastric trefoil factor (TFF1), to characterize their presence and distribution in colonic tissue sections from patients with IBD.
Results: Both core and mature MUC2 were expressed in all colonic goblet cells from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease and from healthy controls. MUC5AC and TFF1, which are not normally expressed by colonic tissue, also were expressed in scattered goblet cells, coexpressing with MUC2. In areas of goblet cell depletion, MUC2 was present in cytoplasmic granules of flattened, cuboidal, nongoblet-cell–like surface cells. The staining was more intense and homogenous with the MUC2 core antibody, suggesting expression of relatively immature mucin. Some of these cells also coexpressed MUC5AC but to a lesser extent. These findings are not unique to IBD but were also found in other types of intestinal inflammation.
Conclusion: The study confirms earlier observations that MUC2 is the major colonic mucin in IBD. It appears in two forms: mature MUC2 in goblet cells and immature MUC2 especially in secretory granules of cells that are not phenotypically goblet cells. MUC5AC and TFF1 expression in goblet cells is common in IBD and other inflammatory conditions of the colon. These changes may represent a nonspecific repair function of the colon cells to compensate for damage to barrier function.
Mucin glycoproteins form a viscoelastic gel, which forms a continuous protective barrier on the colonic mucosal surface (1,2). Major components of this gel are MUC2, the major colonic mucin, (3,4) and intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) (5). ITF, together with mucin, helps to maintain the normal mucosal barrier function (5,6). Alteration in these constituents could impair the barrier function of the mucin layer and may be a contributory factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (7). Several factors affect the quantity and quality of mucin in IBD. The number of goblet cells, which synthesize both mucin and ITF, is reduced in active disease and the gel layer is consequently thinner (8,9). Mucin quality is affected by the depletion of some mucin subclasses (10–12), by decreased sulfation, and by increased sialic acid residues (9,13–15). Altered mucin expression also occurs and may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD (11,12,15). Although alterations in colonic mucins have been noted in IBD, MUC2 is still the major colonic mucin (9). Some decrease in MUC2 expression has been noted at the protein level during exacerbations of IBD (16,17), but no change has been seen at the mRNA level (16,18).
MUC5AC is the major gastric mucin. This mucin and gastric trefoil factor TFF1 (formerly pS2) are normally present in the stomach and are virtually absent from the small bowel and colon (4,19–21). Both are expressed in abundance in goblet cells of the duodenum in the presence of inflammation (20,22). Wright (23) showed increased TFF1 expression in areas of ulcer-associated cell lineage in patients with IBD. Although we have shown that TFF1 is coexpressed with MUC5AC in both goblet and foveolar cells in areas of small bowel gastric metaplasia (20,22), little is known about MUC5AC expression in IBD. Tytgat et al. (9) could not demonstrate MUC5AC mRNA in colonic biopsies from a patient with mild UC. Both MUC5AC and TFF1 expression have been reported in association with neoplastic conditions (24–30).
In the current study, we used specific antibodies to the MUC2, MUC5AC and the trefoil factor TFF1 to characterize their presence and distribution in colonic tissue sections of patients with IBD.
Twenty-nine paraffin sections from 12 patients with IBD of differing severity (5 ulcerative colitis [UC], 7 Crohn disease; 4 females, 8 males; age range, 5–17 years), one self-limited colitis, one solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, and age-matched healthy control subjects were obtained from our histology library. Slides were reviewed by a senior gastrointestinal pathologist (E. Cutz).
For antigen retrieval and immunostaining, paraffin was removed from sections by graded alcohol substitution. Sections on slides were incubated in 0.01 mol/L sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0, in a microwave oven under conditions standardized in our pathology laboratory (31). MUC5AC, the major mucin in gastric foveolar cells, was detected with a monoclonal mouse antibody developed and characterized by Sotozono et al. (19). Monoclonal mouse antigastric trefoil factor (TFF1) (32) was purchased from Biomeda (Foster City, CA, U.S.A.). MUC2 core antibody was purchased from Novocastra Labs (New-Castle, England). Mature glycosylated intestinal MUC2 was detected with a rabbit polyclonal antibody previously characterized in our laboratory (1). Antigens were detected by an indirect immunoperoxidase method (33). Endogenous peroxidase was reduced by incubation in 3% H2O2 for 15 minutes. Nonspecific binding was blocked by addition of 5% normal goat serum (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, U.S.A.) for 20 minutes. Sections were incubated for 1 hour with primary antibody at room temperature, washed with phosphate-buffered saline/bovine serum albumin and incubated for 45 minutes at room temperature with biotinylated goat antirabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, U.S.A.) (glycosylated MUC2) or biotinylated donkey antimouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, West Grove, PA, U.S.A.) (MUC5AC, MUC2 core, and TFF1). Bound antibody complex was detected by incubation with avidin peroxidase (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, U.S.A.) and reaction with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate (Research Genetics, Huntsville, AL, U.S.A.). Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin or Alcian blue. Sections where the primary antibody was omitted served as a control.
In the normal colon, MUC2 is expressed only in goblet cells. The antibody to core MUC2 recognizes immature, incompletely glycosylated MUC2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi at the base of the goblet cell. The core antibody does not stain mature mucin granules (Fig. 1A). The glycosylated MUC2 antibody recognizes mature MUC2 and stains mature mucin granules stored at the apical zone of goblet cells (Fig. 1B). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue stain stains the acidic mucin of colonic goblet cells a turquoise blue color (Fig. 1C). MUC5AC or TFF1 are rarely expressed in goblet cells in any part of the normal colon. The normal antrum therefore served as a positive control for MUC5AC and TFF1 (not shown).
Consistent with previous studies, both core and glycosylated MUC2 were expressed in their usual sites in virtually all colonic goblet cells in biopsy specimens from patients with UC or Crohn disease (9). MUC5AC was expressed in scattered goblet cells, coexpressing with MUC2, in both UC (4/5) and Crohn disease (7/7). This staining pattern was not limited to specific areas of the colon and did not seem to be affected by the severity of the disease or the degree of local inflammation. This staining pattern was not unique to IBD but also appeared in colonic biopsy specimens of self-limited colitis and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Some of the MUC5AC-positive goblet cells also showed TFF1 expression. These MUC5AC ± TFF1 positive goblet cells were indistinguishable from normal goblet cells by PAS/Alcian blue stain, as can be seen in Figure 2. The area photographed was a patient with UC. It was selected as a representative area for the findings seen in IBD and other inflammatory conditions. Figure 2A shows the uniform staining of all goblet cells for mature mature MUC2. The staining for core MUC2 as shown in Figure 2B further supports this.
Some of the goblet cells, as shown in Figure 2C, also express MUC5AC in the storage granules. The PAS/Alcian blue stain in Figure 2D shows mainly the normal turquoise blue color of acidic mucin; however, some goblet cells in the periphery contain some pink material probably representing neutral mucin.
In areas of goblet cell depletion, in both UC and Crohn disease, MUC2 was expressed in cytoplasmic granules in surface cells which were flattened and cuboidal, different from typical goblet cells (Fig. 3A, B). The staining was more intense and homogenous with the MUC2 core antibody, suggesting expression of relatively immature mucin (Fig. 3B). These cells do not look morphologically like goblet cells. This abnormal staining pattern was not present in the relatively spared areas from the same patient and was not limited to a specific area of the colon. The staining pattern was not unique to IBD but also appeared in colonic biopsies from patients with self-limited colitis and solitary rectal ulcer (not shown). These granules stain purple by PAS/Alcian blue (Fig. 3C). Some of these cells also coexpressed MUC5AC. No TFF1 expression was observed in these cells.
Our study confirms earlier observations (9) that MUC2 is the major colonic mucin in IBD, but it is not limited to intact goblet cells. Our results show that in IBD and other inflammatory conditions of the colon, cells that are not phenotypically goblet cells express granular MUC2. Unlike the goblet cells of healthy subjects and patients with IBD, which preserve the mature granular mucin and do not express immature mucin outside the Golgi, these cells express a poorly glycosylated mucin, located in secretory granules, as suggested by the positive strong staining for core MUC2. Presumably this mucin is secreted as an immature sparsely glycosylated product. This abnormal pattern of mucin glycosylation in IBD also has been suggested by others (9,34).
The sparcely glycosylated mucin contains a reduced number of sugar residues per oligosaccharide side chain attributed to premature termination of O-glycosylation. Thus, these mucins have a relative increase in "core exposure." (9,34). These changes may result in loss of mucus barrier function and thus expose the mucosa to luminal agents promoting or perpetuating inflammation (15). Hanski et al. (18) showed strong MUC2 protein staining in the colonic mucosa of patients with UC or Crohn disease using the monoclonal MUC2 core antibody CCP58. They suggested that post-transcriptional modification of the MUC2 molecule resulting from the inflammatory process was a possible explanation. However, Hinoda et al. (17) could show only a few cells from sections of glands that were positive for the same antibody in active UC. They considered these cells to be immature regenerative glands.
The unusual cuboidal cells expressing MUC2 could be goblet cell precursors made as part of a regenerative process after inflammatory damage. Alternatively, they could be hyperstimulated and depleted goblet cells, which, because of depletion of storage granules lose their characteristic shape and transport immature mucin into storage granules at rates precluding complete processing of carbohydrate chains in the Golgi. It is also possible that these cells are transformed or pluripotent enterocytes that acquire the ability to produce mucin but lack the typical storage granules of goblet cells. MUC2 is expressed early in fetal development (35). It is detected by 12 weeks' gestation in the colon and is expressed by individual cells that are presumably goblet cell precursors. However, most of these cells, unlike the cells in our study, are concentrated in the crypt area. The same pattern of MUC2 expression was observed in solitary rectal ulcer and self-limited colitis and in a patient with idiopathic enterocolitis, who had no goblet cells in his colon (R. Shaoul et al., manuscript in preparation). Thus, these MUC2-expressing cells that are not phenotypically goblet cells are not unique to IBD.
We have previously shown that MUC5AC ± TFF1 expression in scattered MUC2-positive goblet cells is common in areas of inflammation of many causes in the small bowel (20,22). This expression in the colon is also not specific for IBD, but occurs in self-limited colitis and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Wright et al. (23,36) also showed TFF1 expression in goblet cells from colonic biopsy specimens of patients with IBD. This expression was noted in areas of ulcer-associated cell lineage. We assume that these are the same goblet cells that stained positive for MUC5AC and TFF1 in our study.
Wright et al. (37) suggested that the evolution of gastric metaplasia in Crohn and peptic ulcer disease begins as a bud from the base of the crypt. Because MUC5AC is a gastric mucin that is not normally expressed in the colon, its expression in goblet cells may represent the early changes of gastric metaplasia common in advanced IBD (37–39). We have previously shown that MUC5AC expression in goblet cells may be the first stage in the development of gastric metaplasia (20). Goblet cells that coexpress MUC2 and MUC5AC cannot be distinguished from the normal goblet cells by PAS/Alcian blue stain. Although MUC5AC expression in goblet cells was common, one section from a patient with moderate UC did not show any MUC5AC expression. This might explain why Tytgat et al. (9) could not find MUC5AC mRNA using Northern blot in a colonic biopsy specimen from a patient with mild UC.
Changes in MUC2 quantity and quality (9–16) and possibly changes in ITF expression during inflammation may result in upregulation of MUC5AC and TFF1 expression to compensate for the damage in barrier and repair function. It has been suggested that TFF1 plays a role in regeneration and healing (40). Aberrant MUC5AC and TFF1 expression have been reported in connection with various neoplastic conditions. MUC5AC is aberrantly expressed in colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines such as HT29 (24), rectosigmoid villous adenoma (25), different stages of colon adenocarcinoma (Y. Okada, personal observation), pancreatic tumors (26,27), cholangiocarcinomas (28), and lung cancer (29). TFF1 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic, large intestinal, gastric, endometrial, and ovarian tumors (30). We are not aware of any study that has examined the expression of both markers in neoplastic or preneoplastic conditions. Our findings that MUC5AC ± TFF1 positive goblet cells are common in inflammation suggests that it is a nonspecific response to inflammation and does not necessarily reflect dysplastic changes.
We showed that MUC2 expression in goblet cells is preserved in IBD. However, loss of goblet cell phenotype is not synonymous with loss of MUC2 expression. MUC5AC and TFF1 expression in MUC2-positive goblet cells is common in IBD and other inflammatory conditions of the colon, probably reflecting nonspecific changes caused by inflammation.
Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn's disease; Ulcerative colitis; Mucin; Children; Colon; Goblet cells
© 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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