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Melissa Leo has never been what she'd call an animal lover, though dogs and cats have made their way into her life over the years. "It always seemed like they happened upon me," she says. In her new movie, Francine, however, she plays a woman obsessed with them.
She was able to pull it off because, above all, Leo is an actress, and she relished the experience of "walking inside the soul of another human being" for the independent film about a woman just released from prison.
That namesake human being reveals very little of herself through language – there is hardly any dialogue – but she demonstrates an extreme connection to animals and behaves almost animal-like as she takes jobs at a pet store, horse stables and an animal hospital, all while taking in pets of her own.
"To be an animal myself" was the goal, Leo tells PEOPLE. "For Francine, she doesn't know how to [interact] with people very well and so [interacts] with animals ... In the end, she doesn't really know how to nurture the beasts."
Leo filmed scenes with her son's dog, a yellow Lab named Zeus who died recently at age 15; nuzzled kittens; held a dog as it was anesthetized for a tooth cleaning (rendered in the film as a euthanasia procedure); and gave a horse a bath.
While she ultimately didn't become Francine, she did "work inside of her" long enough that as filming progressed, she became more in tune with her furry costars.
"It was really fun working with the animals," Leo says. "It was very gentle and careful. They're such good actors! They just be."
Melissa Leo: Animals Are 'Such Good Actors'
Theo Wargo/WireImage


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Back Belt Polka Dot Dress (No. 3239), in 100% cotton poplin. Belt starts at side and buttons in back creating enough shape and interest without being predictable. Scoop neck front and back. Back neckline is slightly lower than front for a touch of drama. Gathers at side waist. Deep 2" pleats at center back. Lined bodice, unlined skirt.
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Care Instructions: Dry Clean Only.
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Graduate Chapel
Graduate Chapel meets each Wednesday during the semester at 11:00 a.m., in the Chapel on the Hill in the Biblical Studies Building. During the 2015-2016 academic year, Graduate Chapel will follow the Revised Common Lectionary. Everyone is welcome!
Follow the lectionary and check out Graduate Chapel Videos here.
Origins of the Lectionary
The origins of lectionaries are hidden and obscure. The custom of reading a series of biblical lessons in worship is an ancient tradition and has always played a prominent role in the Church. Jewish tradition traces the practice back to Moses (Deut. 31:10-12; 2 Kings 22:8-13; 23:1-3) and Ezra (Neh. 8). Unfortunately, the evidence is from latter Judaism (tenth to twelfth century C.E.). All that can be said for certain is that the origin of lectionaries and the original pericope selections by the Early Church is an ancient one.
Many seek NT evidence for the practice. For example, Until I arrive, give attention to the public reading of scripture, to exhorting, to teaching (1 Timothy 4:13). John also speaks about a single reader before an audience saying, Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of the prophecy, and blessed are those who hear and who keep what is written in it (Revelation 1:3). Luke 4:16-30 offers one of the earliest traditions of a possible lectionary use in the synagogue. Jesus opens the scroll and found the place. The text in Isaiah 61:1-2 has been argued, was a "prescribed passage" previously marked.
In Advent 1969, the Roman calendars and lectionaries for Mass (Ordo Lectionum Missae) were adopted by the Roman Catholic Church. No one could have predicted its widespread ecumenical appeal and adoption with necessary denominational revisions by various Protestant denominations including the Episcopal Church (1970), Presbyterians(1970), and Lutherans (1973). In 1974, contributing denominations (excluding Episcopalians and Lutherans) adopted both the Consultation on Common Texts (C.O.C.U.) Lectionary and a common liturgical year. This successfully brought together fifty-nine lectionary systems. This three year lectionary included readings from thirtythree books of the Old Testament and twenty-four books of the New Testament. Next, they adopted the Common Lectionary in 1983. Finally, in 1992, the Revised Common Lectionary was accepted. Each revision has made its attempts to improve the original Roman Lectionary that remains unchanged.
The Common Lectionary follows a three-year cycle that concentrates on Matthew in Year A, Mark in Year B, and Luke in Year C. John is used in all three years. Each of the three years has its character determined by the emphasis of the individual Evangelists. Each of the Gospels sets forth a particular theological emphasis. Preaching from only one Gospel will bring theological and thematic unity to the entire year.The Old Testament lesson is chosen to reinforce, give background, or provide contrast to the Gospel lesson. During Eastertide, Acts is substituted for the Old Testament lesson. The framers of the lectionary primarily intended the Psalms be used as a responsive reading in the worship service.
Origins of the Christian Calendar
The Liturgical Year, in its cycles and feasts, celebrates a Christian understanding of time. First, there is an "incarnational" understanding of time rooted in the mediation and disclosure of God in the world through Jesus. Second, there is an "eschatological" time which views time as moving forward to Christ's return yet aware of the past and present.
Originally every Sunday was a "little easter." It was the week rather than the year that constituted the primary unit of time for the first Christians. The resurrection changed everything. The first believers began worshipping on the day of the week on which Jesus rose. Many of the Jewish Christians may have still observed Sabbath, they simply added "The Lord's Day" to their weekly observance. Though there were variations in local customs, the usual worship service included reading of scriptures, preaching, several kinds of prayers, singing, and the Lord's Supper.
The Liturgical Year evolved from three festivals: Epiphany (recalling the advent and baptism of Jesus); Pascha (the passion and resurrection of Jesus) and; Pentecost (which included Ascension and celebrated the gift of the Spirit). These celebrations were not reenactments of history but rather a participation in the action already accomplished by Jesus.
The Christian Year is divided into two parts. The first half begins in Advent and extends to Pentecost. The emphasis during this time should stress the life of Christ. The Year reenacts the life of Christ in the following ways: (1) Advent looks forward to the first and second coming of the Messiah; (2) At Christmas we join the shepherds in worship and adoration; (3) During Epiphany we bring our treasures with the Magi; (4) Throughout Lent we join our Lord for forty days and nights in the wilderness; (5) Holy Week and Eastertide brings us into fellowship with the sufferings of Christ in full assurance of the glory to be revealed. This reenactment of the life of Christ is not simply a biography of Jesus or a celebration of past events but an opening up of the Church itself to the memory of the Jesus story in such a way that the risen Christ is disclosed even now.
The second half of the Year is the long season of Pentecost (twenty-seven Sundays) that stresses the teachings of Jesus. This emphasis balances the earlier seasons that emphasized Jesus' life. These teachings cause the Church to look at the earthly Christians and see what the Spirit-filled community began to do and teach as they responded to the life of Jesus. The response of these early Christians is reflected in Acts and the Epistles. The question is asked, "What is God's Spirit saying to us today."
Easter was the first great event to be celebrated by the Early Church. All the imagery of the Jewish Passover was brought into the rite, namely, the Exodus, the Passover, and the entrance into the Promised Land. The Church does not delimit the celebration of the Lord's resurrection to Easter Sunday but continues it until the day the Lord sends the Spirit.
Whether the formal celebration of Easter began in the apostolic period or in the second century is uncertain, but from the beginning it was a commemoration in a single feast of both the death and the resurrection of Christ. Hippolytus gives a description of the ceremony indicating that the celebration originated in Rome before 215 C.E.
The Easter liturgy, following a day of fasting, consisted of a vigil of readings and prayer throughout Saturday night, with the celebration of baptism and the Eucharist at dawn on Easter Day. The Church used this time to bring new initiates into the fellowship. Baptism, symbolizing the death, burial and resurrection, has had long historical and theological roots connecting it to Easter.
The Easter story brings continuity to the entire Christian Year. The early Christians celebrated Easter every Sunday, at every baptism, and at every Eucharist. The Easter story is not merely a recounting of past events, but it also celebrates the present reality in the hearts of faithful believers and anticipates their future consummation.
The historical approach to the liturgies of Holy Week was also applied to the Great Fifty Days before Pentecost. The Sundays following Easter continue the same Easter proclamation. On Easter Sunday, the congregation "proclaims and declares" the truth of resurrection. The Sundays that follow are opportunities for the preacher to deepen the congregation's understanding of the resurrection's meaning and significance. The preacher can show how the resurrection fits into God's plan for our redemption.
Pentecost is the season of the Church Year when preaching explores what it means to live as members of Christ's body. The season celebrates the gift of the Holy Spirit to the Church and reflects on how God's people live under the guidance of the Spirit. What does it mean to be members of God's new covenant people in Christ? The preacher will need to focus on a realistic attitude of Christian living. Ascension Day emerged as a separate celebration around the fourth century.
From Easter, the period of discipline developed known as Lent. This was a time to strengthen one's devotion. The earliest celebration began around the period of the Council of Nicaea (325 C. E.). Its origin probably lies in the formal and final period of preparation of candidates for baptism at Easter, with which those undergoing penance rapidly became associated. It slowly developed into a preparation for Easter by all. The season of Lent consists of forty weekdays. The six Sundays during Lent are exempt from the fasting and penance because they were to remain days of celebration of resurrection. This season begins on Ash Wednesday and continues to Palm Sunday (Passion Sunday). Lent is a mixed season of mourning for sin and anticipated joy of the triumph over the grave. It is a preparatory time to move the community toward Easter, therefore, Lent is an annual renewal that is not to be bogged down in penance. The themes during Lent are: (1) Temptation; (2) Repentance—renewal not remorse; (3) Sin; and (4) The offer of forgiveness. Lent has a movement toward Holy Week. The preacher needs to help the congregation bridge that gap.
Christmas and Epiphany emerged about the fourth century. The origin of these two seasons is clouded in mystery. Many hold to the opinion that the celebrations of Epiphany and later of Christmas were attempts to counter the pagan festivals surrounding winter. December 25 was a day set aside for the pagan celebration of the birthday of the sun, Natalis solis invicti, in 274 C. E. The Roman Chronograph of 354 C.E. indicates that the city acknowledged Christmas just sixty-two years later. Epiphany is a season marking the manifestation and revelation of God's gift of himself to all. The Epiphany season begins in January and extends to Ash Wednesday (four to nine Sundays depending on the year). The traditions of Christmas first developed independently of one another (Epiphany in the East and Christmas in the West). Although Epiphany began as a tradition to celebrate the Lord's birth on January 6 and his baptism, due to the overshadowing of January 6 by December 25, Epiphany is now a celebration of his baptism and the visit of the Magi.
Advent was the last season to take shape around the fifth or sixth century in Gaul and originally modeled after Lent. It is intended to be a period of preparation for Christmas and Epiphany. Originally Advent contained six Sundays but today that number has been reduced to four Sundays before Christmas. It developed from the period of fasting and worship prescribed for those who were candidates for baptism on Epiphany. The Christian calendar today begins in Advent. Advent speaks of the promise of God coming into the world. Believers are expectant that God would reveal Godself both in the incarnation and the second coming. The second advent points to our future expectation and hope for the coming revelation of God.
Liturgical preaching, although rooted in historic faith, is not content with mere description of the way things were. Liturgical preaching addresses the present reality of the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ in the lives of believers.
—Excerpts from Tim Sensing, "Strange Encounters of the Lectionary Kind." Restoration Quarterly 37 (Fourth Quarter 1995): 227-46. See also, "Wholly Bible." Leaven 12 (First Quarter 2004): 35-40.


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No, I doubt that. I already know that modes are missing and online is a factor. But, thats only a small factor in sales. Most people who buy games out their do not read reviews so they dont actually know that its missing modes. They just buy the games. Think about how it was before the Internet was invented. There was only Magazines which not many people would actually buy. How did companies sell? With Ads, so if you cannot market the product appropriately you will not sell.
A perfect example is Red Steel. It has a 63/100 at metacritic. Basically the game sucked. Some people liked it but most people hated it. But it sells a Million copies! Zack & Wiki gets a 87/100. Thats 24 points higher on average. I dont think Zack & Wiki even sold 500,000 copies. I forgot the number but its really low. Mario Party 8! 62/100... Sells 2.89 copies... Why? Because Nintendo advertised Red Steel and Mario Party 8. So yes... Shitty games do sell if you actually have marketing skills.


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Friction on BBC Radio 1 plays the world exclusive 1st play of my track with A.M.C. Check the track here -->
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Video: Sean Miller on possible opponent
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Would You Turn In Your Kids If They Committed a Crime? This Mom Did.Meredith Carroll
Cindy Anthony is believed by some to have lied on the witness stand during daughter Casey's trial, saying she was the one who searched the word "chloroform" online, which might have played some part in the jury reaching their not guilty verdict last week.
How far would you go to protect your child from a crime they may or may not have committed?
One Wisconsin mom didn't got far at all to protect her kids, and in fact, went directly to police to let them know her kids did commit a crime.
In Gordon Park in Milwaukee on July 3, six armed robberies were committed by a suspected 22 people.
Surveillance video from one of the lesser crimes — a gas station robbery in which kids stole candy and potato chips — was shown on the news. When a mom recognized her 13-year-old daughter and 15-year-old son as being among the looters, she slept on it.
But then the next morning, she went to the police.
"It was very disappointing. I'm sick to my stomach. Really, this is what you do when I'm not around?" she asked herself about her kids.
She then talked about it with her kids and told them she decided they were all going to the police station. If she hadn't, she said she would have been letting her kids know that what they did was OK.
As it turns out, she was the third parent to come forward after recognizing their kid from the surveillance video.
It has to be tough to turn in your own kids to the police, and I think this mom should be commended for her bravery. However, it was also a relatively petty crime committed by minors, so if I had to guess, I'd say their punishment won't be too severe.
But what about more serious crime, or if your child was older? How would you react if you knew for certain that your kid broke the law? Would you turn in your kid if the crime were more serious and they faced a harsher punishment, like Casey Anthony? How far would you go to protect your offspring? As far as Cindy Anthony? Or would you not protect them at all, like the mom in Milwaukee?
Would you ever turn in your kid to police for committing a crime?
Image: WISN.com
Environmental factors: How a stressful home life affects your kids' behavior


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Townes Van Zandt
Townes Van Zandt is a troubadour, a wandering bard, the closest thing we have in the '90s to Woody Guthrie and Hank Williams. His country-folk songs—tall tales and character studies of hoboes, prostitutes, gun-slingers and other outcasts—have been recorded by Willie Nelson, Merle Haggard. Emmylou Harris, Nanci Griffith and others. But his own collections appear rarely, and this new one is something to prize. Like Woody and Hank, this 50-year-old Texan exists beyond fashion: Songs like his early classics "Pancho & Lefty" and "Tecumseh Valley" or this album's tersely tragic "Marie" and the darkly humorous "Billy, Boney and Ma" could have been set down in the 1890s by a lonesome cowboy, in the '20s by an Appalachian tune-smith or by a Depression-era Dust Bowl balladeer—and they probably will be sung well into the digital age.
Van Zandt's vision is bleak, the characters in his songs struggling against poverty, booze and rotten luck. Even the humblest dreams shatter. But he also has an antic streak, a knack for charming whimsy, like "If I Was Washington" with its punning wordplay, and his love songs are all the more moving for the backdrop of blasted hopes. "Katie Belle Blue," written for Van Zandt's daughter, is this album's strongest tune—gazing on his little girl, this melancholy, rough-hewn man sounds stunned to find himself, of all things, happy. (Sugar Hill)
Picks and Pans Review: No Deeper Blue
updated 01/16/1995 AT 01:00 AM EST
•originally published 01/16/1995 AT 01:00 AM EST


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75 minutes for CHF 95 | The treatment begins with a cleansing honey mountain salt scrub followed by a gentle, relaxing massage with warm herbal stamps. Your pores will open and absorb the entire strength of the Chrystal agents.


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Valley Medical Center and Auburn Regional plan to appeal Department of Health's hospital bed decision
Valley Medical Center and Auburn Regional Medical Center plan to appeal the Department of Health decision to deny the public hospital an additional 60 beds and Auburn 70 beds.
The state department released its decision Dec. 21 denying the certificate of need request for beds from Valley; also rejected was a request by Auburn Regional Medical Center for 70 beds.
MultiCare received approval of 58 beds for a hospital it is planning in Covington.
Auburn Regional announced today, Jan. 6, it would also appeal the department's decision.
The options available to Valley and Auburn Regional are a request for reconsideration, an administrative appeal and a superior court appeal or lawsuit.
According to Bart Eggen, executive director for the Department of Health, if a request for reconsideration is granted the department would open the process again by gathering information, hosting a public hearing and then releasing a decision.
Eggen noted that with the reconsideration process another decision would be released but, "it doesn't necessarily have to be different."
An administrative appeal is filed with the department's adjudicative clerk office. Eggen said the administrative appeal is similar to a civil court proceeding with the filing of briefs and discovery.
There is a hearing presided over by a health law judge who renders a decision.
The final appeal action is superior court.
Valley and Auburn could file both a reconsideration and administrative appeal at the same time. One or both of those appeals would be completed prior to going to superior court.
At the Jan. 3 Valley board of commissioners meeting, Paul Hayes, executive vice president, said the staff had 28 days from Dec. 21 to decide which appeals to file.
Hayes told commissioners the staff was meeting with Auburn Regional officials this week to discuss the appeal.
Eggen stated in an e-mail if the reconsideration was granted all three decisions would be reviewed.
In an administrative appeal, Eggen said the department is the defendant and, "any party that has standing to participate in the appeal that supports the decision would join us in the defense. The other parties would bring the action against DOH."
Hayes noted at the Jan. 3 meeting Valley believes the department used "flawed criteria" in reaching its decision. Haynes noted MultiCare had a 15-year horizon to demonstrate a need for the beds and Valley had seven years.
Eggen stated with a new hospital the department would "look out farther. But MultiCare was only asking for 58 beds and the bed need materialized in eight years."
Eggen said the department's analysis did not see a need for the beds requested by Valley.
10-208 Southeast King County Hospital Decision-1
Valley Press Release_12!21!2010
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GRAND RAPIDS, MI – Aron Bowser underwent a double lung transplant just before Christmas and hopes to return to his job as a Kent County sheriff's detective.
Others in law enforcement are doing their part to help.
Proceeds from the 7th Annual Officer Robert Kozminski Memorial Basketball Tournament will go to Bowser's family to help with medical and other expenses.
The tournament features local police and firefighters against Kenowa Hills teachers at 6:30 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 1, followed by Grand Rapids Police Department taking on Kent County Sheriff's Department. There will also be a shoot-around for children with police officers, and an appearance by "Griff," the Grand Rapids Griffins' mascot.
The games are at Kenowa Hills High School, 3825 Hendershot Ave. NW.
Admission is free, but donations are being accepted.
Read the full story: Police hoops tourney to help Kent County detective who underwent double-lung transplant
Catch up on other stories from Friday night:
• Snowstorm coming: Grand Rapids city manager says 'be patient, help us out'
• Glenn Greenwald, former U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra debate NSA's authority and purpose
• Terri Lynn Land resigns from RNC post to focus on US Senate campaign
• Mikael Samuelsson on Griffins debut: 'I didn't feel great, I'm not going to lie'


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Canada Business Network Blog
Tag: Marketing
Get your business name out there — sponsor a local community organization or event
Find ideas for sponsorship opportunities to help increase brand awareness in your community.
How a marketing plan can help you find and keep customers
Learn how having a marketing plan in place will keep you moving forward.
Tried and true: 3 benefits to having a business card
Learn about the benefits of having a business card.
Canadian Business Excellence Awards for Private Businesses — Invitation to Apply
If you feel your SME should be rewarded for its performance, apply for the Canadian Business Excellence Awards by August 1st, 2016.
Make your marketing materials mistake-proof
Your marketing materials may be the first contact clients have with your business. Present a polished, professional image from the start!
What's in a name? Your reputation
Have you considered using your own name when branding your startup?
Marketing your business without solely relying on social media
Learn about new strategies you can use to market your business without relying solely on social media.
Turn 'likes' into loyal customers with social seeding
Make social seeding a part of your marketing strategy in order to showcase your content and improve online rankings.
Turning business conversations into opportunities
Whether you are new to business or are a seasoned entrepreneur, these tips can help you start conversations that can lead to business growth.
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Greenbaum, Rowe, Smith & Davis LLP has announced that Chairman Paul A. Rowe, a resident of Short Hills, has earned the distinction of being "Ranked Number One" in terms of points accrued, including votes cast by peers for New Jersey attorneys during the most recent Super Lawyers nomination and research process.
This is the second consecutive year that Rowe has received the top ranking, and the seventh consecutive year he is named on the Super Lawyers Top Ten list.
Rowe is featured on the cover of New Jersey Super Lawyers 2013, and is profiled inside the magazine.
Mr. Rowe is a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers, and is among 500 U.S. Fellows of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers. He is listed in the International Who's Who of Commercial Litigation, the International Who's Who of Business Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America and Chambers USA - America's Leading Business Lawyers. Mr. Rowe is a graduate of Tufts University and received his law degree from Columbia Law School.
As one of New Jersey's preeminent litigators, Rowe's legal practice focuses primarily on complex corporate, business and matrimonial cases. His representation of clients encompasses numerous high profile matters ranging from construction cases, partnership and corporate dissolutions, stock fraud, anti-trust and chancery litigation. He is recognized nationally for his significant accomplishments as an attorney.
Greenbaum, Rowe, Smith & Davis LLP has approximately 100 attorneys practicing in five Departments - Litigation, Real Estate, Environmental, Corporate and Tax, Trusts and Estates - which are augmented by 19 multi-disciplinary Practice Groups. The firm has offices in Woodbridge and Roseland, New Jersey.
For more information, visit www.greenbaumlaw.com.


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Recommendations and referrals are the lifeblood of most organisations; they're what make business tick. They work because they are built upon mutual understanding and trust, and they're effective because they are mutually beneficial. – read more >>
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We know that having fun increases productivity so there are very few rules in place to ensure BforB works for everyone.
Business for Breakfast operate hundreds of groups around the country. Click here to find a group near you and details on how to attend.


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PREVIOUSLY we reported a case of otitis media diagnosed otoscopically in a premature infant.1 Pathologic studies show this disease to be prevalent among small severely ill premature infants (19 of 28 babies in one study had otitis media,2 and 11 of 19 babies in another [Warren W. Johnson, MD, written communication, June 26, 1962]). We now present a second case diagnosed clinically using the electric otoscope to reemphasize the seriousness of the disorder, and to illustrate what the physician may expect in this condition.
Report of a Case
Clinical Course.—The patient, a 1,270-gm (2 lb 13 ounces) Negro boy, was born in the hospital and brought to the nursery in apparently fair condition. However, expiratory grunts were noted, and fine crackling rales were heard over the hemithorax on the left. Oxygen was briefly administered because of short periods of apnea and cyanosis. Both eyes showed purulent drainage, but no special
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Saralee picked up her recurrent back injury, sustained during the Malaysia Open last month, while stretching during training last Friday.
She was dropped from both the mixed doubles and women's doubles and also cancelled a trip to the Swiss Open (March 13-18).
It will also affect her attempt to collect the world ranking points as the six-day event offers points to qualify for the Beijing Olympic Games next year.
"I'm quite upset but at the same time, I don't want to take a risk, " said Saralee, who would take a one-month break.
"I think it is pointless to take part with an injury," said the 27-year-old player, who last year teamed up with Sudket Prapakamol to reach the quarter-finals in the All England event.
Should Saralee make a full recovery by April, she will compete in the Asian Continental Championships in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, where she and Sudket finished the runners-up last year.
Meanwhile, Boonsak Ponsana seems to have a smoother route than the other Thais, after he was drawn to face a qualifier in the men's singles first round in the all-England championships.
Songpon Anukritayawan and Kunchala Vorawichitchaikul take on hosts Robin Middleton
and Liza Parker in the mixed doubles first round while, Duang-Anong Aroonkesorn and Kunchala face tough test against Chinese world No 3 Zhang Yawen and Wei Yili in the women's doubles opener.
Other Thais in the men's doubles and women's singles will have to compete in the qualifying matches.


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Go here to find information about CFM soloists and ensembles that are available through our Music in the Schools program. We have a wide variety of performers that present educational concerts for pre-school through high school audiences. Not only do the musicians perform, they bring historical and educational information to the students to enrich their understanding of the instruments they are playing. Many musical styles are represented: classics, jazz, bluegrass, reggae, and music that is just plain fun! Our performers take listeners on imaginary trips to countries such as Cuba, Brazil, and Germany to name a few and explore musical traditions of other cultures. There is even a program that features music with some magic tossed in. There is a little bit of everything so take a look and see what our musicians have to offer.
CLICK HERE to see a listing of ensembles that are available.
The CFM also represents the talented musicians who play corporate and private events, whose knowledge and experience is invaluable in making your event successful. The members of the Chicago Federation of Musicians perform all styles of music including Jazz, Classical, Latin, Folk, Blues, Reggae and more. To find the best in musical services for your event view the CFM Source. You will find soloists, ensembles and bands for whatever type of event you are planning. Or if you need arrangers, copyists or an orchestrator they are also in the CFM Source.
The Chicago Federation of Musicians is a Local of the American Federation of Musicians, the world's largest union representing musicians. The American Federation of Musicians with almost 100,000 members is an advocate for musician's rights. Members can participate in the pension fund, which can help members with retirement income. Discounts are available for medicine; health care and dental care through the Union Plus discount programs.
Liability insurance is being required more and more in the freelance field and it can be expensive to obtain. The CFM is launching a pilot program that offers liability coverage for members in good standing, who file a contract and submit a request form for the date that liability insurance is needed. It is FREE to members in good standing. CLICK HERE to read more or call the office at 312-782-0063 to find out more.
Check the Audition Notices on the Members Only side of the website for openings.
Show your pride in America's labor movement and middle class by displaying a sign in your front window or on your lawn. The CFM has yard signs available for pick up. Call us at 312-782-0063 to find out more
Below the Illinois Conference of Musicians shows their support for the Proud Union Home campaign. Photo by Barbara Owens.
The AFM offers Travel Tips to better prepare
members for carry on issues on airlines.
CLICK HERE to read a letter from Hal Ponder
Broadway producers are chipping away at live music on Broadway.
Support the campaign to
Save Live Music On Broadway
Follow the above link for more information and to sign the petition in support this campaign.
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Index of content:
Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2007
Simple exact solutions for horizontal flows, with a stagnant funnel consisting of a lighter fluid and narrowing toward the ground, exhibit the main features of real tornadoes. The two-fluid model is quite robust, as it can be adapted to any vorticity distribution, any vertical stratification, and the effects of compressibility.
Inertial waves in rotating grid turbulence19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2747679View Description Hide Description
Using liquid helium,liquid nitrogen, and water as test fluids, we attempt to generate homogeneous turbulence in a steadily rotating system. We create turbulence by pulling a grid in rotating channels with both square and round cross sections, and observe large-scale inertial waves in the flow. These inertial waves quickly sense the boundaries, and resonate at frequencies characteristic of the container. We describe some of their properties and argue that the resultant inhomogeneity is a feature of any real system.
Small-scale aspects of flows in proximity of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2746037View Description Hide Description
The work reported below is the first of its kind to study the properties of turbulent flow without strong mean shear in a Newtonian fluid in proximity of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface, with emphasis on the small-scale aspects. The main tools used are a three-dimensional particle tracking system allowing one to measure and follow in a Lagrangian manner the field of velocity derivatives and direct numerical simulations. The comparison of flow properties in the turbulent (A), intermediate (B), and nonturbulent (C) regions in the proximity of the interface allows for direct observation of the key physical processes underlying the entrainment phenomenon. The differences between small-scale strain and enstrophy are striking and point to the definite scenario of turbulent entrainment via the viscous forces originating in strain.
Particle image velocimetry measurements of the velocity profile in forced flow19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2756577View Description Hide Description
Measurements of the velocity profile of forced flow within a square cross-section channel are reported. The particle imagevelocimetry(PIV) technique is used for these measurements with micron scale solid deuterium particles as tracers of the velocity field. Steady state velocity profiles at different bath temperatures clearly show the existence of a turbulent boundary layer in forced flow. These observed velocity profiles are in reasonable agreement with correlations based on measurements in classical fluids.
- Top
- Interfacial Flows
Breakup behavior of a conducting drop suspended in a viscous fluid subject to an electric field19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742702View Description Hide Description
The slow axisymmetric deformation of a conducting drop surrounded by a viscous insulating fluid subject to a uniform electric field is considered. Numerical computations, based on a boundary integral formulation, are used to follow the behavior of relatively inviscid and viscousdrops right up to breakup. The type of breakup seen depends on the ratio of the viscosity of the drop to that of the surrounding fluid, and on the electric field strength. The different types of breakup possible are small droplets being emitted from the ends of the drop with a charge greater than the Rayleigh limit, the formation of what appear to be pointed ends with the subsequent ejection of thin jet-like structures, or the formation of thin jet-like structures without the pointed ends. The different types of breakup are examined and the different regions of the parameter space where each occurs is determined. Also, by considering different stress balances, local equilibrium solutions that allow for a conical drop end are derived. Several sets of solutions, corresponding to different stress balances, are found. However, none of the conical end solutions appear to be compatible with the pointed ends seen in the numerical results.
Formation of dynamic particle accumulation structures in oscillatory thermocapillary flow in liquid bridges19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742304View Description Hide Description
We report on the behavior of small particles of dilute concentration in time-dependent (oscillatory) thermocapillary flow in cylindrical liquid bridges. The particles accumulate in a dynamic string for certain aspect ratios of the liquid bridge and at, typically, two times the critical Marangoni number for the onset of time dependence. This was observed for particles with a density larger and smaller than that of the fluid and for the isodense case. If looked at in a snapshot, this string would be wound times around the thermocapillary vortex as a deformed spiral. If one looked at the full dynamics, it would be seen that the spiral string is rotating around its ring-shaped axis. The phenomenon is called a dynamical particle accumulation structure (dynamical PAS). The mode is the mode number of the oscillatory flow field with wavetrains of the hydrothermal wave (HTW) traveling in the azimuthal direction. We visualize and describe the different modes in detail. We give direct experimental evidence for the gathering of liquid with particles during the cold phases of the HTW and the injection of liquid with particles into the return flow in azimuthally traveling "cold spots." We varied the particle diameter at constant density and the ratio of the particle density to fluid density at constant particle diameter to measure the time of the formation of PAS and discuss and explain the experimental results in comparison with possible mechanisms underlying the formation process. We describe the results of an experiment under microgravity to exclude gravity as a PAS-forming mechanism. We conclude by describing a possible mechanism that could account for the observed particle accumulation in certain regions of the flow. This mechanism involves the observed gathering and injection of liquid during the cold phases of the HTW and the particle enrichment of the injected fluid due to particle migration in sheared flow.PAS occurs at a resonance between the azimuthally traveling wave and the "turnover time" of the PAS-string in the thermocapillary vortex.
Stability of two-phase vertical flow in homogeneous porous media19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742975View Description Hide Description
Immiscible two-phase flow in porous media, which results from the downward injection of a heavier fluid or upward injection of a lighter fluid, is characterized by two shocks, one at each end of a rarefaction wave. The specific details of the saturation profile, such as the shock speeds and the shock saturations, are determined by the fractional flow function for given values of the mobility ratio and the gravity number. We employ a normal mode, matched asymptotic expansion analysis to obtain analytical expressions governing the stability behavior of such flows.Instability occurs at both ends of the one-dimensional base saturation profile with unique characteristics such that the maximum growth rate decreases both when the mobility ratio is increased at the front end and decreased at the back end. This unusual behavior is explained in terms of vorticity eigenfunctions related to nonmonotonic mobility profiles. Analysis of stability behavior as a function of fractional flow profile shows that although the fundamental mechanisms are qualitatively similar, they are associated with different parameter values in view of particular mobility profiles. Growth rates and wavenumbers predicted by the linear stabilityanalysis are observed at the onset of the nonlinear displacement process, which is followed by the fully developed nonlinear flow with large-scale unstable structures.
Reflections on cavitation nuclei in water19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2747210View Description Hide Description
The origin of cavitation bubbles, cavitation nuclei, has been a subject of debate since the early years of cavitation research. This paper presents an analysis of a representative selection of experimental investigations of cavitation inception and the tensile strength of water. At atmospheric pressure, the possibility of stabilization of free gas bubbles by a skin has been documented, but only within a range of bubble sizes that makes them responsible for tensile strengths up to about , and values reaching almost have been measured. However, cavitation nuclei can also be harbored on the surface of particles and bounding walls. Such nuclei can be related to the full range of tensile strengths measured, when differences of experimental conditions are taken into consideration. The absence or presence of contamination on surfaces, as well as the structure of the surfaces, are central to explaining why the tensile strength of water varies so dramatically between the experiments reported. A model for calculation of the critical pressure of skin-covered free gas bubbles as well as that of interfacial gaseous nuclei covered by a skin is presented. This model is able to bridge the apparently conflicting results of the many scientists, who have been working in the field over the years.
Three-dimensional oscillatory long-wave Marangoni convection in a binary liquid layer with the Soret effect: Bifurcation analysis19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749305View Description Hide Description
Three-dimensional long-wave oscillatory Marangoni convection in a thin layer of binary mixture with a nondeformable interface is investigated in the presence of the Soret effect. Both thermocapillary and solutocapillary effects are taken into account. A set of amplitude equations is obtained and studied analytically near the critical value of the Marangoni number. It is shown that alternating rolls (either rhombic or square) are selected and they bifurcate supercritically. Subcritical bifurcation takes place only for alternating rolls on a square lattice in a narrow range of parameters.
Nonlinear oscillations and collapse of elongated bubbles subject to weak viscous effects: Effect of internal overpressure19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749421View Description Hide Description
The details of nonlinear oscillations and collapse of elongated bubbles, subject to large internal overpressure, are studied by a boundary integral method. Weak viscous effects on the liquid side are accounted for by integrating the equations of motion across the boundary layer that is formed adjacent to the interface. For relatively large bubbles with initial radius on the order of millimeters, and , and an almost spherical initial shape, , Rayleigh-Taylor instability prevails and the bubble breaks up as a result of growth of higher modes and the development of regions of very small radius of curvature; , , , and denote the surface tension, density, viscosity, and dimensional static pressure in the host liquid while is the ratio between the length of the minor semiaxis of the bubble, taken as an axisymmetric ellipsoid, and its equivalent radius . For finite initial elongations, , the bubble collapses either via two jets that counterpropagate along the axis of symmetry and eventually coalesce at the equatorial plane, or in the form of a sink flow approaching the center of the bubble along the equatorial plane. This pattern persists for the above range of initial elongations examined and large internal overpressure amplitudes, , irrespective of Oh. It is largely due to the phase in the growth of the second Legendre mode during the after-bounce of the oscillating bubble, during which it acquires large enough positive accelerations for collapse to take place. For smaller bubbles with initial radius on the order of micrometers, and , and small initial elongations, , viscosity counteracts growth and subsequent jet motion, thus giving rise to a critical value of below which the bubble eventually returns to its equilibrium spherical shape, whereas above it collapse via jet impact or sink flow is obtained. For moderate elongations, , and large overpressures, , jet propagation and impact along the axis of symmetry prevails irrespective of Oh. For very large elongations, , and above a certain threshold value of Oh the counterpropagating jets pinch the contracting bubble sidewalls in an off-centered fashion.
On the breakup of fluid films of finite and infinite extent19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749515View Description Hide Description
We study the dewetting process of thin fluid films that partially wet a solid surface. Using a long-wave (lubrication) approximation, we formulate a nonlinear partial differential equation governing the evolution of the film thickness, . This equation includes the effects of capillarity, gravity, and an additional conjoining/disjoining pressure term to account for intermolecular forces. We perform standard linear stability analysis of an infinite flat film, and identify the corresponding stable, unstable, and metastable regions. Within this framework, we analyze the evolution of a semi-infinite film of length in one direction. The numerical simulations show that for long and thin films, the dewetting fronts of the film generate a pearling process involving successive formation of ridges at the film ends and consecutive pinch-off behind these ridges. On the other hand, for shorter and thicker films, the evolution ends up by forming a single drop. The time evolution as well as the final dropspattern show a competition between the dewetting mechanisms caused by nucleation and by free surface instability. We find that precise computations, requiring quadrupole precision of computer arithmetic, are often needed to avoid spurious results.
Surface tension dominated impact19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2747235View Description Hide Description
We study the impact of a line mass onto a liquid-gas interface. At early times we find a similarity solution for the interfacial deformation and show how the resulting surface tension force slows the fall of the mass. We compute the motion beyond early times using a boundary integral method, and find conditions on the weight and impact speed of the mass that determine whether it sinks or is trapped by the interface. We find that for given impact speed there is a critical weight above which the mass sinks, and we investigate the asymptotic behavior of this critical weight in the limits of small and large impact speeds. Below this critical weight, the mass is trapped by the interface and subsequently floats. We also compare our theoretical results with some simple tabletop experiments. Finally, we discuss the implications of our work for the vertical jumps of water-walking arthropods.
A computational study of axial dispersion in segmented gas-liquid flow19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2750295View Description Hide Description
Axial dispersion of a tracer in a two-dimensional gas-liquidflow is studied computationally using a finite-volume/front-tracking method. The effects of Peclet number, capillary number, and segment size are examined. At low Peclet numbers, the axial dispersion is mainly controlled by the convection through the liquid films between the bubbles and channel walls. In this regime, the computational results are found to be in a very good agreement with the existing model due to Pedersen and Horvath [Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam.20, 181 (1981)]. At high Peclet numbers, the axial dispersion is mainly controlled by the molecular diffusion, with some convective enhancement. In this regime, a new model is proposed and found to agree well with the computational results. These Peclet number regimes are shown to persist for different slug lengths. The axial dispersion is found to depend weakly on the capillary number in the diffusion-controlled regime. Finally, computational simulations are performed for the cases of six bubbles to mimic bubble trains, and results are compared with the theoretical models.
The initial coalescence of miscible drops19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2746382View Description Hide Description
When two drops of different miscible liquids are brought into contact, their coalescence speed is governed by the liquid having the weaker surface tension. Marangoni waves propagate along the drop with the stronger surface tension. We present surface profiles and propagation speeds of these waves, from experiments with a pendent water dropcoalescing with a flat ethanolsurface or with a sessile drop of ethanol. We find in the former case that the capillary-Marangoni waves along the water drop show self-similar character when measured in terms of arc length along the original surface. The coalescence of two liquids of different viscosities is also studied. For large viscosity difference, mobility is confined to the lower viscosity fluid and a sharp corner forms where the two liquids meet along the free surface. The coalescence speed of a water drop with a much more viscousliquid is nearly independent of the strength of the viscosity difference.
Reappraisal of criticality for two-layer flows and its role in the generation of internal solitary waves19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2750541View Description Hide Description
A geometric view of criticality for two-layer flows is presented. Uniform flows are classified by diagrams in the momentum-massflux space for fixed Bernoulli energy, and cuspoidal curves on these diagrams correspond to critical uniform flows. Restriction of these surfaces to critical flow leads to new subsurfaces in energy-massflux space. While the connection between criticality and the generation of solitary waves is well known, we find that the nonlinear properties of these bifurcating solitary waves are also determined by the properties of the criticality surfaces. To be specific, the case of two layers with a rigid lid is considered, and application of the theory to other multilayer flows is sketched.
Cavitation in an orifice flow19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2750655View Description Hide Description
The purpose of this study is to identify the potential locations for cavitation induced by total stress on the flow of a liquid through an orifice of an atomizer. A numerical simulation of two-phase incompressible flow is conducted in an axisymmetric geometry of the orifice for Reynolds numbers between 100 and 2000. The orifice has a rounded upstream corner and a sharp downstream corner with length-to-diameter ratio between 0.1 and 5. The total stress including viscous stress and pressure has been calculated in the flow field and, from there, the maximum principal stress is found. The total-stress criterion for cavitation is applied to find the regions where cavitation is likely to occur and compared with those of the traditional pressure criterion. Results show that the viscous stress has significant effects on cavitation. The effect of geometry and occurrence of hydraulic flip in the orifice on the total stress are studied. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically using a finite-volume method and a boundary-fitted orthogonal grid that comes from the streamlines and potential lines of an axisymmetric equipotential flow in the same geometry. A level-set formulation is used to track the interface and model the surface tension.
Emission of drops from the tip of an electrified jet of an inviscid liquid of infinite electrical conductivity19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751386View Description Hide Description
A numerical description is presented of the emission of drops from the tip of a long axisymmetric jet, which may develop when an inviscid liquid of infinite electrical conductivity is injected into a dielectric medium under the action of a strong electric field. The applied field is intensified by the presence of the equipotential surface of the jet, leading to a strong electric stress normal to the surface that accelerates a stretch of liquid and cuts it from the jet. The jet consists of a long region of stationary flow followed by a long oscillatory region where the drops develop and detach. The process of drop generation comprises different stages and is dominated by the electric stress and the inertia of the liquid, with little effect of its surface tension. Order-of-magnitude estimates are used to determine conditions under which these results can be applied to jets of liquids of finite electrical conductivity.
- Viscous and Non-Newtonian Flows
Miscible viscous fingering with linear adsorption on the porous matrix19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2743610View Description Hide Description
Viscous fingering between miscible fluids of different viscosities can affect the dispersion of finite samples in porous media. In some applications, as typically in chromatographic separations or pollutant dispersion in underground aquifers, adsorption onto the porous matrix of solutes (the concentration of which rules the viscosity of the solution) can affect the fingering dynamics. Here, we investigate theoretically the influence of such an adsorption on the stability and nonlinear properties of viscous samples displaced in a two-dimensional system by a less viscous and miscible carrying fluid. The model is based on Darcy's law for the evolution of the fluid velocity coupled to a diffusion-convection equation for the concentration of a solute in the mobile phase inside the porous medium. The adsorption-desorption dynamics of the solute onto the stationary phase is assumed to be at equilibrium, to follow a linear isotherm and is characterized by a retention parameter equal to the adsorption-desorption equilibrium constant multiplied by the phase ratio . In practice, retention on the porous matrix renormalizes the log-mobility ratio by a factor . Correspondingly, a linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations of the model show that an increase of leads to a stabilization of viscous fingering with fingers appearing on a dimensional time scale multiplied by and with a dimensional wavelength multiplied by .
Transient flow caused by a sudden impulse or twist applied to a sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2748709View Description Hide Description
An analytic solution of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations is presented for the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid about a sphere suddenly set in motion by an impulse or twist. Mixed slip-stick boundary conditions are assumed to hold at the surface of the sphere. The transient flow pattern depends on the mass and moment of inertia of the sphere. The impulsive translational motion of the sphere generates an expanding vortex ring. Conservation of total momentum is discussed and the momentum of the fluid is expressed as a sum of a potential and a viscous contribution. Conservation of total angular momentum is verified in the case of rotational motion.
Dynamics of viscoelastic fluid filaments in microfluidic devices19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2747660View Description Hide Description
The effects of fluid elasticity and channel dimension on polymericdroplet formation in the presence of a flowing continuous Newtonian phase are investigated systematically by using different molecular weight (MW) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions and varying microchannel dimensions with constant orifice width to depth ratio and , , , and . The flow rate is varied so that the mean shear rate is practically identical for all cases considered. Relevant times scales include inertia-capillary Rayleigh time , viscocapillary Tomotika time , and the polymerrelaxation time, where is the fluid density of the dispersed phase, is the interfacial tension, is the zero shear viscosity of the dispersed polymer phase, and is the maximum filament radius. Dimensionless numbers include the elasticity number , elastocapillary number , and Deborah number, , where is the kinematic shear viscosity of the fluids. Experiments show that higher MW Boger fluids possessing longer relaxation times and larger extensional viscosities exhibit longer thread lengths and longer pinch-off times . The polymer filament dynamics are controlled primarily by an elastocapillary mechanism with increasing elasticity effect at smaller length scales (larger and ). However, with weaker elastic effects (i.e., larger and lower MW), pinch-off is initiated by inertia-capillary mechanisms, followed by an elastocapillary regime. A high degree of correlation exists between the dimensionless pinch-off times and the elasticity numbers. We also observe that higher elasticity number yields smaller effective . Based on the estimates of polymer scission probabilities predicted by Brownian dynamics simulations for uniaxial extensional flows,polymer chain scission is likely to occur for ultrasmall orifices and high MW fluids, yielding smaller . Finally, the inhibition of bead-on-a-string formation is observed only for flows with large Deborah number .
Behavior near critical for a conducting drop in an electric field19(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751089View Description Hide Description
The time scales for the behavior of a conducting drop undergoing slow deformation in a uniform electric field are examined. Below the critical electric field strength, equilibrium shapes are possible and approached exponentially. At the critical value, the convergence behaves as . Above (but still near) critical, there is a period of slow elongation near the critical equilibrium shape. The time scale, , for this period of slow growth behaves like , where is the electric field strength and is the critical electric field strength. In addition, the dependence of the time scales on the viscosities of the drop and of the surrounding fluid is examined. The theoretical results compare favorably with boundary integral numerical computations. Asymptotically, the time scales depend linearly on the viscosity ratio for both large and small values. These linear relations remain accurate well outside the expected regions of validity, and the entire range of viscosity ratios can be reasonably approximated by a piecewise linear combination of the two. Thus, an equation is obtained that determines the duration of the period of slow deformation and predicts the time to breakup.


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Chroma for PCOn: PC
A free-to-play, music-driven, first-person shooter from the creators of Rock Band.
Harmonix lays off 37 staff and CEO Alex Rigopulos is to step down
The Rock Band, Dance Central and Amplitude dev is restructuring.
Harmonix announces music-driven free-to-play shooter Chroma
Rock Band creators head into the F2P space with new IP.


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Members of the
U.S. House of Representatives have been working in Washington for 41 of the first 127 days of this year. They are planning to be in session half of the remaining weeks. How long would you keep your job if you worked like that? Even when they show up, they fail to address the biggest problems facing the country. It would take a 50 percent tax increase to balance the so-called budget, yet they are avoiding the problem while the debt grows by $1.2 billion per year.
A recent front page of The Lancaster News says it all. There was a story about the unemployment at a very high 11.1 percent and a story about Lancaster County Council looking for more cash on the same page. This is only our second year in Lancaster. Is every year going to be nothing but more demands for cash for government wish lists while our income remains flat?
Poor attendance at budget meetings is no doubt the result of public input being ignored previously.
Nicholas Pasquine
Each year we celebrate a holiday known as Memorial Day. It is the day, when we, as Americans, pay tribute to the many men and women who paid the ultimate price for the freedom we so often take for granted.
In Washington, D.C., there are walls of marble and granite that hold hundreds of chiseled names as a reminder of the men and women who paid freedom's price with their lives. They did it willingly, without forethought or hesitation, so our children and their children's children may continue to live in a free society as a free people.
In a desperate attempt to find something disparaging about Mitt Romney's personal life, the Democrats had to go all the way back to his high school days – almost 50 years ago. What they came up with was a highly questionable allegation about a hazing incident in which Romney was supposed to have cut the bleached, blonde hair of a gay high school classmate.
To err is human: Most of us do make honest mistakes without intention of breaking the law. Such is in the case of the Lancaster District 44 candidates Bob Cook and Joseph Coy. Since the state recognizes there was no criminal intent and the error occurred in the timing of the filing of their financial statements, there was no word or hint of cover-up or falsification.
The Dream Team Foundation is planning its second annual charity event and fundraiser from 6:30 to 11:30 p.m. June 23 at the Lancaster Moose Lodge. Tickets are $35 per person.
The Dream Team Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in Lancaster. We offer free sports programs for special-needs children between the ages of 6-21. Our 2012-13 sports season will offer baseball, basketball and soccer.
Is Rudy Schmidt, who wrote "Obama surrounds himself with communists, socialists, Muslims" in the May 6 edition of The Lancaster News, still living in the 1950s? McCarthyism is dead.
My letter, addressed to the spiritual leaders of Lancaster County, is to stir them concerning the well-being of all Lancaster residents. I am a foreigner living in your land for 14 years this month. I have never seen so much crime and violence as now.
We must wake up and open our eyes to see that what is happening in Lancaster is the increasing work of the devil, through the lives and minds of the wicked.
Copyright © 2016
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Grand Resort Grill Gazebo With Lights*
*Seasonal item with limited availability. Item may no longer be available in all areas. The Grill Gazebo With Lights Creates the Classic Outdoor Spot Whether you use it to cover your barbecue or as a cozy sun shelter, the gorgeous Outdoor Pergola with Lights will bring the magic of relaxed comfort to your backyard. The gazebo comes with four lights, one on each post leg, letting you enjoy the outdoors well into the night. Use the two shelves at each side of the pergola for holding your drinks, ice bucket, trays, books and more. The charcoal black finish of the Grill Gazebo With Lights and metallic accents give it a sleek look that enhances the beauty of the backyard and will also add a majestic touch to your outdoor decor. Its hardtop roof ensures the gazebo can stay up all year round so you will always have the perfect place to gather friends and family anytime, for an afternoon get-together.
- The Outdoor Pergola with Lights comes with a hardtop roof and four lights
- Rust-proof aluminum leg posts assure year round protection
- Powder-coating on the aluminum frame prevents fading, chipping, and scratching
- Comes with high quality AC adapter that is UL compliant
- Includes ground stakes that help secure the leg posts firmly
- Warranty: 1 year limited
- Weight: 171-1/2 lbs.
- Dimensions: 96" W x 92" H x 64" D
- Imported


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Frigidaire 20.6 cu. ft. Top-Freezer Refrigerator - Stainless Steel
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From fresh produce to sandwich ingredients, the Frigidaire FFHT2117PS top-freezer refrigerator keeps food organized, so you can always find what you're looking for. Humidity-controlled crisper drawers keep fruit and vegetables at optimal moisture levels for longer storage. A deli drawer provides convenient access to meat and cheese. Door bins hold large items like a gallon of milk or small items like condiments and butter. In the freezer section, a full-width shelf and rack provide more space for frozen items. The stainless-steel Frigidaire FFHT2117PS can be installed in almost any kitchen. The reversible door can open left or right based on your kitchen's layout. And the ENERGY STAR® qualified refrigerator conserves energy and helps lower your electricity bill.
- Store-More™ humidity-controlled crisper drawers keep fruit and vegetables fresh
- Store-More™ gallon door shelf gives you room for larger items like a gallon of milk
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- Full-width freezer shelf and rack provide more usable space to organize and store more
- Reversible door can be installed to open left or right based on kitchen layout
- Freezer accommodates optional ice maker IM-115 (sold separately)
- Refrigerator is ENERGY STAR® and CSA certified
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text: Oklahoman bunch Colourmusic have been making warped, experimental tunes for nearly a decade now: they formed in 2005 and released their second studio album, 'My____ Is Pink' back in 2011 (answers on a postcard, please, as to what that pesky missing word could be). Their latest effort, 'May You Marry Rich', is out next week (March 24): you can listen to it in full below, and pre-order it either from iTunes or Rough Trade. Happy listening!


text:
Seven Steps To MLM Success
Since I didn't want to bore anyone to death with a 1500 word blog post, I decided to break this one into two. So this is the second part and if you haven't already read the first, click here. Otherwise carry on reading the last 4 steps to MLM success.
4. Actual Marketing
Once you've done the offline thing – you should have a small group of people in your downline. At this point, you're ready to start marketing online. Offline marketing can work really well and if you don't want to learn anything new – stick to it. However if you want to start recruiting reps on a daily basis and generating leads on auto pilot, you need to start marketing online.
There really are hundreds of marketing strategies. There's blogging, SEO, article marketing, pay per click or banner advertising. My advice is to stick to one strategy. The real question is; paid or free marketing strategies? I would personally say set aside $100/week just for experimenting. On top of that you can do as much free marketing as you like. Just know that free strategies take a long time to yield results. For more on MLM marketing, read this.
5. Recruiting
Recruiting is an art that takes months or years to master. Unless you've be in the trenches selling shit that nobody wants for a period of several years – it's going to take a little while to master recruiting. However, it can broken down into these steps:
- Get Traffic
- Send Traffic Into Funnel
- Build Relationship
- Show Presentation
- Close
First you need a constant flow of traffic. Let's say 500 targeted visitors daily. The next step is to convert the traffic into leads by offering them something for free. Once leads are in your funnel, you must automatically follow-up with them using an autoresponder to feed them great content. This part is relationship building where you give away cool stuff, help them out and gain their trust.
You can also sell them a few information products along the way for upfront cash. Next you can send them to an online video presentation pitching your opportunity. That's it – people will join then and there. On top of that, you can follow-up with the people who didn't join and close the deals. That means making personal phone calls. Since recruiting is such a huge subject, read this post on MLM recruiting.
6. Duplication
Duplication is the most difficult part of Network Marketing. Most say it's recruiting, but in reality recruiting is the easiest part of building a Network Marketing business. By the time you reach this point, you should have at least 25 people in your downline. At which point you can stop focusing on recruiting as much and start focusing on duplication. Now when I was building my first few MLM downlines, I seriously struggled with duplication.
I could recruit, that wasn't the problem. The problem was whenever I stopped recruiting, my income would only decrease. So after extensive research and lots of trial and error; I figured it out. First, you have to put together an action plan for your downline. Another huge problem which really held me back was training my downline. I was spending several hours every day teaching them how to market.
Instead, you need to systemize the process. To do so you can record videos and write guides teaching your downline how to do everything. From traffic and lead generation to recruiting. You must put together a training library so your downline can get started by themselves. If 90% of your downline are going to drop out anyway, why bother spend endless hours coaching them in the first place?
7. Tools & Training
This is the last step to "Network Marketing success". It's selling your own tools and training. Believe it or not, the top Amway earners make the majority of their income selling tools and training courses to their downline. It's simple really. You just have to create courses and tools that will help your downline build their business. Your downline will literally hand you as much as $10,000 for some private coaching.
Or you could put together a training video series on recruiting and package it up for $39. If you have 2000 downline members and just 1000 buy the series, that's $39,000 in profits. The potential for selling tools and training to your downline is limitless. Once you have a downline of at least a few hundred; selling your own tools/training is a must.
So that's about it, the seven steps to Network Marketing success.
In Prosperity,
David Wood
P.S. Put your name and email in the form on the right for more cool Network Marketing tips, tricks and secrets.
P.P.S. Leave me your thoughts, comments and questions in the box below!


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Chinese Dress
- Last updated on August 15, 2010 at 11:37 am
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Since both FI and I are Chinese, we wanted to honor some Chinese customs and do a modern tea ceremony. This is the Chinese Dress I will be wearing. My mom thought I looked like a waitress at a restaurant, so she hand-sewed gold beadings on the patterns all over my dress. Thanks mommy!!
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text:
The Maui Hotel & Lodging Association elected Michael Jokovich, general manager of the Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa, as chairman of its board of directors during a luncheon on Sept. 19.
Other officers included Vice Chairman Matt Bailey, managing director of the Grand Wailea; Treasurer Sharon Suzuki, president of Maui Electric Co.; and Secretary Carol Reimann, executive director of the association.
Members of the board of directors are: Nane Aluli of The Mauian Hotel; Tom Bell of the Royal Lahaina Resort; Nancy Chaplick of Oceanic Time Warner Cable; Bill Countryman of the Wailea Beach Marriott Resort & Spa; Tom Donovan of The Ritz-Carlton, Kapalua; Charles Head of the Fairmont Kea Lani, Maui; Gregg Lundberg of the Westin Kaanapali Ocean Resort Villas; Gregg Nelson of the Napili Kai Beach Resort; Yuki Lei Sugimura of Connec LLC; George Szigeti of the Hawaii Lodging & Tourism Association (ex officio); Tetsuji Yamazaki of the Sheraton Maui Resort & Spa; and Mike White of the Ka'anapali Beach Hotel (ex officio).
The luncheon was preceded by a miniproduct trade show featuring association-affiliated business members and their products. The event's keynote speakers were Mayor Alan Arakawa and Joseph Toy, president and chief executive officer of Hospitality Advisors LLC.
"We are pleased to have such a strong and dynamic group of leaders on the MHLA board," Jokovich said. "Collectively, we have literally over three centuries worth of expertise amongst the board, which will be invaluable as we take an active role in advocating for the visitor industry as we emerge from some of the most very challenging times."


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William Tubman
|William Tubman
|19th President of Liberia
|In office
3 January 1944 – 23 July 1971
|Vice President
|Clarence Simpson (1944-1952)
William R. Tolbert, Jr. (1952-1971)
|Preceded by
|Edwin Barclay
|Succeeded by
|William R. Tolbert, Jr.
|Personal details
|William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman
29 November 1895
Harper, Liberia
|23 July 1971
(aged 75)
London, England
|Political party
|True Whig
|Antoinette Tubman
William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (November 29, 1895 – July 23, 1971) was a Liberian politician. He was the 19th President of Liberia, serving from his election in 1944 until his death in 1971.
Tubman is regarded as the "father of modern Liberia"; his presidency was marked by attracting sufficient foreign investment to modernize the economy and infrastructure. During his tenure, Liberia experienced a period of prosperity. He also led a policy of national unity in order to reduce the social and political differences between his fellow Americo-Liberians and the indigenous Liberians.
Early life and education[edit]
William Tubman was born November 29, 1895, in Harper, Liberia. Tubman's father, the Reverend Alexander Tubman, was a stonemason,[1] general in the Liberian army, and a former Speaker of the Liberian House of Representatives, as well as a Methodist preacher.[2] A strict disciplinarian, he required his five children to attend daily family prayer services and sleep on the floor because he thought beds were too soft and "degrading to character development."[1] Tubman's mother, Elizabeth Rebecca (née Barnes) Tubman, was from Atlanta, Georgia.[2] Alexander's parents, Sylvia and William Shadrach Tubman, were freedmen, part of a group of 69 freed slaves whose transportation to Liberia in 1844 was paid by their former mistress Emily Tubman,[3] a widow and philanthropist in Augusta, Georgia.
Emily Tubman was instrumental in the manumission of enslaved African Americans and paying for their transportation to Liberia for "repatriation."[3] Initially, she had great difficulty freeing her slaves in ante-bellum Georgia. Despite appeals to the Georgia State Legislature and financial donations to the University of Georgia, her efforts to manumit numerous slaves were disapproved. Since the Nat Turner Slave Rebellion in 1831, the state legislature had greatly restricted manumissions, requiring a legislative act for each, and posting of expensive bonds by the owner to guarantee the free black would leave the state within a short period of time.
Tubman sought the help of her friend and mentor, Henry Clay of Kentucky, president of the American Colonization Society. This organization, made up of both abolitionists and slaveholders, had proposed colonization in Africa as a solution for freedmen, rather than allowing them to remain in the United States. Their presence was considered to unsettle slaves in the South, and in both the North and South, lower-class whites resented competing with them for jobs. Clay assured her that sending her former slaves to Liberia would be a safe and suitable option.[3] After arriving in Liberia, this group of freedmen took "Tubman" as their surname and settled together. They named their community Tubman Hill after their benefactress.[4]
Tubman, the second son,[1] went to primary school in Harper, followed by the Methodist Cape Palmas Seminary,[5] and Harper County High School.[2] Beginning at age 15 in 1910, he participated in several military operations within the country through 1917, being promoted from private to officer.[2]
Planning to become a preacher, at age 19 Tubman was named as a Methodist lay pastor.[1] After studying law under various private tutors, he passed the bar examination and became a lawyer in 1917.[6]
Tubman was soon appointed as a recorder in the Maryland County Monthly and Probate Court[2] a tax collector, teacher, and as colonel in a militia.[6] He joined Freemason lodges of the Prince Hall Freemasonry, a fraternal organization established by African Americans after being excluded from the Freemasons.[7]
Elective office[edit]
Having joined the True Whig Party (TWP), the dominant party of Liberia since 1878, Tubman began his career in politics. In 1923, aged 28, he was elected to the Senate of Liberia from Maryland County,[2] holding the record as the youngest senator in the history of Liberia.[8] Identifying as the "Convivial Cannibal from the Downcoast Hinterlands," he fought for constitutional rights for the members of indigenous tribal groups, who comprised the overwhelming number of Liberians.[1]
Re-elected as senator in 1929, Tubman became the legal adviser to vice president Allen Yancy.[6] He resigned from the Senate in 1931 to defend Liberia before the League of Nations amid allegations that his country was using slave labor.[9] Tubman was reelected to the national legislature in 1934;[6] he resigned in 1937 after being appointed by President Edwin Barclay as associate justice of the Supreme Court of Liberia,[2] where he served until 1943.[6] An official biography speculates that Barclay appointed Tubman to the Liberian Supreme Court to remove him as a competitor for the presidency.[citation needed]
President of Liberia[edit]
In December 1942, Liberia had to elect a successor to President Edwin Barclay. Six candidates ran for office; the two favorites were Tubman and Foreign Minister Clarence L. Simpson.[10] Tubman was elected president on May 4, 1943, at the age of 48, and was inaugurated January 3, 1944.[11]
While the United States, its ally, began to base military operations in the country after it entered World War II, Liberia did not declare war on Germany and Japan until January 27, 1944.[12] In April 1944, Liberia signed the Declaration by United Nations.
Choosing to sever diplomatic relations with Germany and expel German citizens from Liberia was a difficult decision for Tubman for economic and social reasons: (1) German merchants were integral to the Liberian economy; (2) Germany was Liberia's major trading partner; and (3), most of the doctors in Liberia were Germans. Under the above declaration, Tubman agreed to expel all German residents and oppose the Axis powers.[citation needed]
In foreign policy, Tubman aligned his country with the US. In June 1944, he and Edwin Barclay of Liberia traveled to the White House as guests of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first African heads of state to be received there.[1] Following the war, which resulted in an anti-colonial movement on the African continent, Tubman strengthened ties among fellow Africans by participating in the Asian-African Conference of 1955 and the First Conference of Independent African States in Accra, organized in 1958 by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.[13] In 1959, Tubman organized the Second Conference of African States.[14][15]
In 1961, following a Pan-African conference held in Monrovia, Tubman helped to found the African Union. This association of "moderate" African leaders worked for gradual unification of Africa, unlike the "revolutionary" group based at Casablanca.[16]
The "father of modern Liberia"[edit]
When Tubman was appointed to the Supreme Court in the 1930s, Liberia was seriously underdeveloped, lacking basic infrastructure of roads, railways, and sanitation systems.[17] Tubman said that Liberia had never received the "benefits of colonization," which he meant to be the investment by a wealthy major power to develop the infrastructure of the country.[18] He established an economic policy, known as the "porte ouverte" ("open door"), to attract foreign business investment.[8] Working to facilitate and encourage foreign businesses to locate in Liberia, he encouraged development. Between 1944 and 1970, the value of foreign investments, mainly from the United States,[17] increased two hundredfold.[8] From 1950-1960, Liberia experienced an average annual growth of 11.5%.[8]
With the expansion of the economy, Tubman gained revenues for the government to construct and modernize infrastructure: the streets of Monrovia were paved, a public sanitation system was installed,[18] hospitals were built,[6] and a literacy program was launched in 1948.[19][20] During Tubman's administration, several thousand kilometers of roads were built, as was a railway line to connect the iron mines to the coast for transport of this commodity for export.[17] During this period, he transformed the Port of Monrovia into a free port to encourage trade.[17]
By early 1960, Liberia began to enjoy its first era of prosperity, thanks in part to Tubman's policies and implementation of development.[8] Regarded as a pro-Western, stabilizing influence in West Africa at a period when other countries were achieving independence, often amid violence, during the 1960s Tubman was courted by many Western politicians, notably U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
In his personal life, Tubman courted Amy Ashwood Garvey, and had a long-term relationship with her.[21]
After a gunman attempted to assassinate Tubman in 1955, he brutally repressed the political opposition. His administration was considered increasingly authoritarian. The nation's constitution did not have term limits, and Tubman did not volunteer to leave office. He controlled the dominant political party and had created a wide network of obligations through patronage appointments.
Tubman is best known for his policies of National Unification and the economic Open Door. He tried to reconcile the interests of the native tribes with those of the Americo-Liberian elite, and increased foreign investment in Liberia to stimulate economic growth.
During the 1950s, Liberia had the second-highest rate of economic growth in the world. By the time of his death in 1971 Liberia had the largest mercantile fleet in the world, the world's largest rubber industry, was the third-largest exporter of iron ore in the world, and had attracted more than US$1 billion in foreign investment.
Tubman died at a clinic in London following post-operative complications from prostate gland surgery at the age of 75.[22] He was succeeded by his long-time vice president William Tolbert. Political dissent increased following Tubman's autocratic rule, and new groups wanted a share of the nation's success. The dominance of the True Whig Party was overthrown in 1980 by the People's Redemption Council, a group of soldiers led by Samuel Doe. The ensuing civil wars and violence destroyed the economic prosperity of Liberia's golden age.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f "William V. S. Tubman." Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 03, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mongrue, Jesse M. Liberia: America's Footprint in Africa: Making the Cultural, Social, and Political Connections. ISBN 9781462021659. Google Books. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Emily Harvey Thomas Tubman (March 21, 1794 - June 9, 1885)" www.therestorationmovement.com. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
- ^ "William V.S. Tubman", Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, University of Kentucky Libraries. Retrieved November 18, 2013
- ^ Innis, Bishop John G. "Evangelism and Mission: Their Impact on United Methodism in Liberia", Presented to Twelfth Oxford Institute, Oxford, England, August 17–19, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Quentin, Dominique. "William V.S. Tubman," Encyclopédie Universalis, 1999 Edition.
- ^ Wauthier, Claude. "L'étrange influence des francs-maçons en Afrique francophone.", Le Monde diplomatique, September, 1997. p. 6-7. "The Strange Influence of the Freemansons in Francophone Africa", Le Monde, Google Translate, Retrieved November 18, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Otayek, René. "Libéria," Encyclopédie Universalis, 1999 Edition.
- ^ "Key Figures - William Tubman (1895-1971)". The Telegraph. www.telegraph.co.uk. 1 January 2001. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ "Front Door or Back?". Time. www.time.com. 1942-12-28. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ^ "Elections in Liberia". African Elections Database. 2006-04-26. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ^ Hecking, Hans-Peter. "La situation des droits de l'homme au Libéria : un rêve de liberté." p.6. www.missio-hilft.de. "The Situation of Human Rights in Liberia: A Dream of Freedom." Google Translate. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman, Microsoft Encarta
- ^ "Le plan stratégique de la commission de l'Union Africaine. Volume 1 : Vision d'avenir et missions de l'Union Africaine." p.55. www.africa-union.org, May, 2004. "Strategic Plan of the Commission of the African Union. Volume 1: Vision and Mission of the African Union." Commission of the African Union, May, 2004. p. 55. Google Translate. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ "Part Two: Ethiopia and the Two Opposing Groups." www.oau-creation.com. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ Sommet de l'Union africaine – Durban 2002 (4) : Ce que fut l'OUA… (article de RFI) www.rfi.fr. "Summit of the African Union - Durban 2002," MFI Weekly, 16 May 2002. Google Translate. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Person, Yves. "Libéria," Encyclopédie Universalis. 1973 Edition. p. 9
- ^ a b "Liberia: Uncle Shad's Jubilee", Time Magazine, 17 January 1969, Retrieved November 20, 2013.
- ^ Rapport de l'Unesco sur l'alphabétisation (1965-1967) p.28 www.unesdoc.unesco.org.(french) Retrieved November 20, 2013.
- ^ "Literacy, 1965-1967", United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 1968, p. 28
- ^ Amy Ashwood Garvey, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ "Liberian Leader William Tubman Dies in London." The Lewiston Daily Sun, July 24, 1971. Google News Archive. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
External links[edit]
- William V.S. Tubman University
- William V.S. Tubman Photograph Collection, Indiana University Libraries
|Political offices
|Preceded by
Edwin Barclay
|President of Liberia
|Succeeded by
William R. Tolbert, Jr.
- 1895 births
- 1971 deaths
- Presidents of Liberia
- World War II political leaders
- Americo-Liberian people
- Tubman family of Liberia
- Supreme Court of Liberia justices
- Members of the Senate of Liberia
- True Whig Party politicians
- Liberian Methodists
- People from Maryland County
- Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany