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Skip to comments.Battling for Americas Soul How Homosexual Marriage Threatens Our Nation and Faith
Posted on 08/21/2010 7:50:15 AM PDT by IbJensen
Within the perspective of the nations Cultural War, Americans felt the full force of two actions favoring the homosexual movement in May 2008. Same-sex marriage is now being imposed upon the nation by government fiat.
On May 15, 2008, Californias Supreme Court declared the unconstitutionality of Proposition 22ignoring the voices of 61% of California voters who approved the measure in 2000and all other California statutes restricting marriage to the union of one man and one woman and imposed homosexual marriage on the Golden State.
Concomitantly, New York Governor David Patterson unilaterally ordered all government agencies to revamp their rules, procedures, and regulations so as to show legal recognition to same-sex marriages contracted outside the state.
* * *
A. The Acceptance of Same-Sex Marriage Is Incompatible with Christianity
1) Diverging Views on Reality and the Natural Order Secularisms profound divergence from a Christian worldview anchored in reality lies at the root of this clash.
When mans understanding of a thing corresponds to reality, it is true.1 When it does not, we have error which can be the result of an intellectual mistake, a whim, or an ideological bond that deforms our perception. In such cases, we detach ourselves from reality and attach ourselves to an illusory, utopian understanding of the thing.
2) Lead to Different Concepts of Marriage, Family, and Society Few issues illustrate the divergence between the secularist and the Christian worldviews as does todays cultural battle over marriage. Secularists accept same-sex marriage, while denying the specific reality of marriage, rooted in nature. They deny that the self-evident biological, physiological and psychological differences between men and women find their complementarity in marriage, just as they deny that the specific primary purpose of marriage is the perpetuation of the human race and the raising of children.
This strictly natural concept of marriage is sustained by the Old and New Testaments.
We read in the Book of Genesis: God created man in His image; in the Divine image he created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them, saying: Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. (1:28-29) The same was taught by Our Savior Jesus Christ: From the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female. For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother; and shall cleave to his wife. (Mark 10:6-7)
Rejection of the Christian worldview is secularisms negative, destructive aspect. Its positive aspect is the utopia of a society without moral restraints in which marriage and the family have been redefined.
3) Utopian Societies and Loss of Freedom History is a great teacher. In the twentieth century, Nazism and communism showed the world that, when society loses its moorings in the natural order and gives itself over to utopias, the inevitable result is dictatorship. This dictatorship can take many forms and be exercised from the halls of government, party headquarters, judicial chambers, or media outlets.2
4) A Threat to Religion and Freedom We should not delude ourselves. Over the past decades, America has witnessed a rising tide of laws, decrees, regulations, and judicial decisions that favor homosexuality on one hand, and hinder and punish those who oppose them for reasons of faith and conscience on the other.
Taking a Principled not a Personal Stand
In writing this statement, we have no intention to defame or disparage anyone. We are not moved by personal hatred against any individual. In intellectually opposing individuals or organizations promoting the homosexual agenda, our only intent is the defense of traditional marriage, the family, and the precious remnants of Christian civilization.
As practicing Catholics, we are filled with compassion and pray for those who struggle against unrelenting and violent temptation to homosexual sin. We pray for those who fall into homosexual sin out of human weakness, that God may assist them with His grace.
We are conscious of the enormous difference between these individuals who struggle with their weakness and strive to overcome it and others who transform their sin into a reason for pride and try to impose their lifestyle on society as a whole, in flagrant opposition to traditional Christian morality and natural law. However, we pray for these too.
We pray also for the judges, legislators and government officials who in one way or another take steps that favor homosexuality and same-sex marriage. We do not judge their intentions, interior dispositions, or personal motivations.
We reject and condemn any violence. We simply exercise our liberty as children of God (Rom. 8:21) and our constitutional rights to free speech and the candid, unapologetic and unashamed public display of our Catholic faith. We oppose arguments with arguments. To the arguments in favor of homosexuality and same-sex marriage we respond with arguments based on right reason, natural law and Divine Revelation.
In a polemical statement like this, it is possible that one or another formulation may be perceived as excessive or ironic. Such is not our intention.
Shortly after the California Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage, Prof. David R. Carlin observed:
The Christian moral system is no minor part of Christianity, any more than the heart or lungs are minor parts of the human body. Overthrow the Christian moral system and you will have overthrown Christianity itself. Therefore, those who are pushing for the institution of same-sex marriage are ipso facto pushing for the elimination of the Christian religion.3
By legalizing same-sex marriage, the State becomes its official and active promoter. It calls on public officials to officiate at the new civil ceremony, orders public schools to teach its acceptability to children, and punishes any state employee who expresses disapproval.
In the private sphere, objecting parents will soon see their children exposed more than ever to this new morality, businesses offering wedding services will be forced to provide them for same-sex unions, and rental property owners will have to agree to accept same-sex couples as tenants.
In any situation where marriage affects society, the State will expect Christians and all people of good will to betray their consciences by condoning, through silence or act, an attack on Divine law and the natural order.
Left unchecked, this anti-Christian trend will become an unprecedented assault on the First Amendment and our American way of life that we do not hesitate to call persecution.
5) Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage Creates a Terrible Problem of Conscience As the homosexual revolutions anti-Christian intolerance makes itself felt through increasingly persecutory measures, a terrible problem of conscience arises in any who resist: Should we follow our consciences? Should we give in?
For Catholics like ourselves, the condoning of same-sex marriage would be tantamount to a renunciation of Faith.
6) Moral Acceptance of Same-Sex Marriage Is Tantamount to the Denial of Divine Revelation As Prof. Carlin pointed out, the Christian moral system is an essential part of Christianity. Catholic dogma and morality are founded on Divine Revelation and therefore must be accepted by virtue of the supreme authority of God, Who guarantees their truthfulness and goodness.4 The same God Who revealed truths on what we must believe also revealed truths on how we are to live.5
Therefore, when a Catholic rejects a truth in moral matters that is clearly contained in Revelation, he rejects the Divine authority that guarantees that truth and the whole supernatural basis of the Faith.6
Now, Divine Revelation,7 the constant teaching of the Magisterium and the moral sense of the Christian people8 clearly condemn homosexual acts. Thus, to deny the intrinsic evilness of the homosexual act, and, even more, to recognize it as worthy of practice or acceptance in the social order is to contradict expressly Divine Revelation (and the precepts of natural law).
* * *
B. The Catholic Churchs Perennial and Immutable Moral Doctrine Condemns Homosexual Practice
For a Catholic, the stakes do not get higher since nothing is more precious than the Faith. Thus, it is useful to review the perennial teaching of the Catholic Church so there can be no doubt about the intrinsic immorality of homosexual acts. This teaching of the Church is unchangeable as it is based on immutable Divine Revelation and on unalterable human nature.
In view of the homosexual movements unrelenting propaganda and judicial rulings and legislative measures favoring the practice of homosexuality, the Magisterium of the Church has repeatedly been obliged to remind the faithful of the perennial moral doctrine that homosexual acts are intrinsically evil.
The most important of these reminders are found in:
1) Persona Humana Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics On December 29, 1975, amid the widespread abandonment of Christian morality caused by the sexual revolution, the Holy Sees Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published Persona Humana Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics.
Regarding homosexuality, the document rejects the conclusion drawn by some that a stable homosexual relationship analogous to marriage can be justified:
No pastoral method can be employed which would give moral justification to these acts on the grounds that they would be consonant with the condition of such people. For, according to the objective moral order, homosexual relations are acts which lack an essential and indispensable finality. (Sec. 8)
2) Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons On October 1, 1986, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons.9 Addressed to all the Catholic bishops of the world, the Letter states that a person engaging in homosexual behavior therefore acts immorally. (No. 7)
The Letter also states that those afflicted with same-sex attraction are called to enact the will of God in their life by joining whatever sufferings and difficulties they experience in virtue of their condition to the sacrifice of the Lord's Cross. (No. 12)
3) Pope John Paul IIs Encyclical Veritatis Splendor In 1993, Pope John Paul II published his encyclical Veritatis Splendor which affirms:
In teaching the existence of intrinsically evil acts, the Church accepts the teaching of Sacred Scripture. The Apostle Paul emphatically states: Do not be deceived: neither the immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor sexual perverts, nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor robbers will inherit the Kingdom of God. (1 Cor. 6:9-10) (No. 81)
4) The Catechism of the Catholic Church In 1994, the Holy See published the Catechism of the Catholic Church,10 which restated the doctrine expressed in previous documents. The Catechism clearly teaches that homosexual acts are unnatural, and among the sins gravely contrary to chastity. (No. 2396)
5) Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons In 2003, the Holy See launched yet another document recalling Catholic doctrine on sexual morals and condemning the proposed legalization of same-sex marriage andcivil unions.
Published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on July 31, 2003, Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons was signed by the Congregations prefect, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI.11
Based on the principle that marriage supposes the complementarity of the sexes, Considerations explains that marriage is not just any relationship between human beings. It was established by the Creator with its own nature, essential properties and purpose.
Therefore, Considerations concludes:
There are absolutely no grounds for considering homosexual unions to be in any way similar or even remotely analogous to Gods plan for marriage and family. Marriage is holy, while homosexual acts go against the natural moral law. Homosexual acts close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved. (CCC, no. 2357) Sacred Scripture condemns homosexual acts as a serious depravity (cf. Rom. 1:24-27; 1 Cor. 6:10; 1 Tim. 1:10). This same moral judgment is found in many Christian writers of the first centuries and is unanimously accepted by Catholic Tradition. (No. 4)
We call the readers particular attention to this quote. The Holy See teaches there is no analogy between homosexual unions and God's plan for marriage. Our courts legalize same-sex marriage based on this non-existent analogy.
* * *
C. Same-Sex Marriage Harms the Common Good
Homosexual activists and their secularist allies frequently repeat the sophism that there is no harm in the legalization of same-sex marriage as it does not imply any change to or proscription of traditional marriage. Supposedly, both can coexist peacefully side by side.
Alerting the faithful to this sophism, Considerations points out several of the nefarious social consequences arising from the legalization of homosexual unions.
1) Legalization of Homosexual Unions Weakens Private and Public Morality The law of the land acts as a teacher of what is morally acceptable. Thus, Considerations states:
In this area, one needs first to reflect on the difference between homosexual behavior as a private phenomenon and the same behavior as a relationship in society, foreseen and approved by the law, to the point where it becomes one of the institutions in the legal structure. This second phenomenon is not only more serious, but also assumes a more wide-reaching and profound influence, and would result in changes to the entire organization of society, contrary to the common good. Civil laws are structuring principles of man's life in society, for good or for ill. They play a very important and sometimes decisive role in influencing patterns of thought and behavior. Lifestyles and the underlying presuppositions these express not only externally shape the life of society, but also tend to modify the younger generation's perception and evaluation of forms of behavior. Legal recognition of homosexual unions would obscure certain basic moral values and cause a devaluation of the institution of marriage. (No. 6)
2) Legalization of Homosexual Unions Undermines Marriage and the Family According to Considerations, laws in favor of homosexual unions are contrary to right reason, and the State could not grant legal standing to such unions without failing in its duty to promote and defend marriage as an institution essential to the common good. (No. 6)
Considerations says further:
The inevitable consequence of legal recognition of homosexual unions would be the redefinition of marriage, which would become, in its legal status, an institution devoid of essential reference to factors linked to heterosexuality; for example, procreation and raising children. If, from the legal standpoint, marriage between a man and a woman were to be considered just one possible form of marriage, the concept of marriage would undergo a radical transformation, with grave detriment to the common good. By putting homosexual unions on a legal plane analogous to that of marriage and the family, the State acts arbitrarily and in contradiction with its duties. (No. 8)
3) Reason does not Support the Legalization of Homosexual Unions Because homosexual unions cannot fulfill the primary purpose of marriage, they have no rational justification.
Homosexual unions are totally lacking in the biological and anthropological elements of marriage and family which would be the basis, on the level of reason, for granting them legal recognition. Such unions are not able to contribute in a proper way to the procreation and survival of the human race. (No. 7)
Recourse to artificial means of conception does not cure this fundamental flaw in same-sex unions. Rather, it makes them all the more unnatural, since, Considerations reminds us, such means are a grave lack of respect for human dignity. (No. 7)
4) Legalization of Homosexual Unions Denigrates Conjugal Love Lastly, Considerations states, same-sex unions lack a real conjugal dimension, which represents the human and ordered form of sexuality. (No. 7)
* * *
D. TFP Calls for Lawful, Conscientious Resistance to Same-Sex Marriage and the Homosexual Movement
1) Catholics Have an Obligation to Oppose Same-Sex Marriage Considerations states that Catholics must do their utmost to oppose the legalization of homosexual unions. We are bound a fortiori to resist homosexual marriage, taking into account the following points in Considerations:
The approval or legalization of evil is something far different from the toleration of evil.
One must refrain from any kind of formal cooperation in the enactment or application of such gravely unjust laws.
Material cooperation on the level of their application must be avoided.
One may even resort to the right to conscientious objection.
Where homosexual unions have been legalized, clear and emphatic opposition is a duty. (No. 5)
2) Laws that Contradict Right Reason Do Not Bind in Conscience Considerations explains the moral basis for this resistance, saying, civil law cannot contradict right reason without losing its binding force on conscience (Evangelium Vitae, no. 72). Every law must be consistent with the natural moral law recognized by right reason, and insofar as it respects the inalienable rights of every person.12
The natural moral law binds all people, in all times. No State is above its precepts. State authorities who enact or enforce same-sex marriage laws fail in their duty to uphold the common good. To them can be addressed the words of Saint John the Baptist to King Herod: It is not lawful for thee. (Matt. 14:4; Mark 6:18)
3) Catholic Politicians Have a Specific Obligation Considerations Section IV, titled Positions of Catholic politicians with regard to legislation in favor of homosexual unions, emphasizes the obligation of elected Catholic officials to oppose such legislation:
If it is true that all Catholics are obliged to oppose the legalization of homosexual unions, Catholic politicians are obliged to do so in a particular way, in keeping with their responsibility as politicians . The Catholic lawmaker has a moral duty to express his opposition clearly and publicly and to vote against it. To vote in favor of a law so harmful to the common good is gravely immoral. (No. 10)
Some Catholics elected or appointed to public office have invoked the secular principle of separation of Church and State as an excuse to ignore Catholic morality in their public life. What they are really doing is separating, in their persons, the Catholic from the public official. This separation violates the unity of being and the premises of moral and logic. Every man is judged by God according to his thoughts, words and deeds, and therefore, on the oneness of his personality.
4) Being Faithful to our Baptismal Vow A Catholic who accepts the practice of homosexuality and same-sex marriage as good renounces natural moral law principles confirmed by Divine Revelation and thus breaks the vow of fidelity made to Our Lord Jesus Christ at baptism.
5) Join the Spiritual Crusade We must join the Crusade like many who preceded us with the sign of faith. Unlike the Crusades of old, ours is not physical, but spiritual.13 Being part of this spiritual crusade means being an untiring apostle for marriage and the family; to never lose an opportunity to tell others family, friends, neighbors, and co-workers that homosexual acts and same-sex marriage are wrong, unnatural and intrinsically evil.
6) Join the Political Fray Catholics not engaged in political life need to become involved. When freedoms and Christianity itself are at stake, absenteeism is not an option.
For some, this political involvement starts with registering to vote. However, there are numerous other initiatives, not directly linked to voting, that deserve attention, time, and talent.
These activities and political initiatives are constantly varying. Those committed to defend marriage must stay informed. This battlefield is subject to constant change.
7) Oppose All Efforts to Legalize Same-Sex Marriage We must oppose all efforts to legalize same-sex marriage, in every branch of government: the legislative, judicial and executive. We must promote petitions, write letters to the newspapers, and contact those elected or appointed to public office.
8) Reverse Legalized Same-Sex Marriage In those jurisdictions where same-sex marriage has been legalized by the courts or the legislature, or where its recognition has been mandated at the executive level, one must help every lawful effort to reverse this legalization and recognition.
9) Remain Steadfast in Persecution Where same-sex marriage has been legalized, one must make use of the right to conscientious objection and refuse all formal or material cooperation in its application.
If one suffers persecution as a result, one should offer this to God, and fight back by bringing this injustice to the public eye. This can be done by contacting those in the media, the legal profession, or the pro-family movement who can assist in the defense of ones rights. First Amendment rights may be weakened in the U.S., but are not yet abolished.
10) If We Fight Faithfully to the End, God Will Give us Victory! Saint Joan of Arc encouraged her troops to fight bravely regardless of the odds, saying, If we fight, God will give the victory!
In this struggle, we too must fight as if everything depended on us, but rely entirely on God to give us victory. And He will do so, for, in the words of Prof. Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira: When men resolve to cooperate with the grace of God, the marvels of History are worked.14
* * *
E. We Are Opposing the Homosexual Moral Revolution
In this lawful, faithful and necessary resistance, we must keep in mind the true goals of secularism and the homosexual movement.
Whereas the truth and the good become more attractive the more completely they appear in their nature, methods and ends, error and evil, on the contrary, are able to seduce only to the degree they hide their ultimate goal.
By imposing same-sex marriage on society, the homosexual movement and its secularist allies show their true face, and this will diminish their capacity to seduce. Their railroading of same-sex marriage on the American people makes increasingly clear what homosexual activist Paul Varnell wrote in the Chicago Free Press:
The gay movement, whether we acknowledge it or not, is not a civil rights movement, not even a sexual liberation movement, but a moral revolution aimed at changing people's view of homosexuality.15
Conclusion: We Are Battling for the Soul of America It is clear, therefore, that the battle for marriage in America is the clash of two worldviews. On the one hand, those Americans who still defend a moral law. On the other, the homosexual revolution and its secularist allies.
Religious Persecution in the Making
Below are some signs of laws and other measures that target Americans who oppose homosexual acts and same-sex marriage.
· In 2007, California Gov. Schwarznegger signed a measure into law that places public school teachers before the alternative of either teaching the homosexual ideology or suffering sanctions.16
· Also in 2007, Crystal Dixon, former Associate Vice President of Human Resources at the University of Toledo, was fired after writing a letter to the editor expressing her belief as a black woman that it was inaccurate to compare the homosexual movement to the civil rights movement.17
· In 2008, Jon and Elaine Huguenin were fined $6,000 by the New Mexico Human Rights Commission for refusing to photograph a homosexual commitment ceremony.18
· In Massachusetts, the justices of the peace who refused, based on problems of conscience, to solemnize same-sex marriages were summarily dismissed.19
· Boston Catholic Charities was obliged to abandon its adoption service since it was not willing to place children with homosexual couples.20
The stakes are also clear. This is a battle for the soul of America. The so-called Cultural War is gradually becoming a Religious War. For one cannot modify the lex agendi (rules of morals) without thereby modifying the lex credendi (rules of belief) given the profound relationship between the two. He who accepts as good and even exalts homosexual practice cannot adore the true and living God who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because of that sin. (Gen. 18-19)
In view of the above, it is urgent to resist the imposition on our country of morals opposed to those of Christ.
Our resistance must be accompanied by sincere, ardent, and persevering prayer, since, as the Savior admonished us, without Me you can do nothing. (John 15:5)
Lastly, since the legalization of homosexual marriage is a public sin that can draw Gods punishment upon our country, we must sacrifice and do penance, for God does not despise a contrite and humbled heart. (Ps. 50:19)
The hour is late. Our Lady warned at Fatima that sin weighs heavy in the scales of Gods justice. God will not be mocked. (Gal. 6:7) By taking energetic and faithful action in this struggle, we can heed the Blessed Mothers maternal warning, recognize and correct our failings, and rightly be one nation under God. The choice is ours.
May She help us all to do our duty, in full and faithful compliance with the perennial and immutable teaching of Holy Mother Church on the intrinsic evilness of homosexual acts.
Both inherently evil and both extremely destructive to this nation.
America is confronted with an anti-president who, along with most of his complicit Congress, despises America and is more than willing to keep shoveling the dirt on our graves!
Forty five years ago the hippie-free love movements declared marriage dead! Outdated! O fogy ideas a produce of an old generaion! If you loved someone you didn't need a piece of paper to make it so as long as you were sincere. When love faded you found someone else.
In the last few years, the modern version of the hippie-free love movement now says marriage is the most important thing you can have, but only IF YOU ARE GAY!
I disagree that Christians should spend much effort on this issue.
Ultimately, what we're talking about here is state licensing of secular marriage. Not the religious sacrament. I think there is a very obvious road for Christians to take here: quit getting marriage licenses.
Abortion and the marriage of two sodomites. Both inherently evil and both extremely destructive to this nation.Lately I've been (literally) seeing good v evil in our home town area. Yesterday, on the way to an appointment, we passed the local palm reading hut (which has been there for many years), and we saw four people walking in. The women's faces looked similar to the photo I've included, and they both were wearing long black witch dresses. (Pretty creepy to see on a sunny afternoon in the suburbs.) There were two children in tow as well; they were dressed typically, but it was sad to see them included on this type of excursion.
We're going to have to spend much time fighting for many hills and this is just one of them.
You can sit this one out though!
We're going to have to spend much time fighting for many hills and this is just one of them.
You can sit this one out though!
Good article.
That anyone equipped with moral courage and a clear moral vision would make such a statement, hedging his statement with disclaimers, shows by itself the dark victory of the Madsen-Kirk "queer agenda" of "overhauling straight America".
Beyond the moral argument, the American Experiment as an idea must now deal with the "I told you so" reproach of Old Conservatives (i.e. eighteenth-century conservatives) who always taught, in Catholic tradition, that the Liberty agenda and the American concept of free men and free will is fundamentally flawed and doomed. And that, of course, humanity needs the strong guiding hand of the Catholic Church at all times and in all things. Which thus satisfies the working definition of a totalitarian ideology.
Thus would say the Old Conservatives and Catholics.
America as an idea definitely has a problem, if it can't keep the animals pent up.
Don't give the bad guys the issue. Don't give them anything.
People and nations get into trouble when they violate the Natural Law.
Gotta ping this out in a bit.
"Don't give the bad guys the issue. Don't give them anything."
Of course. But I wouldn't spend much in resources on it, either. We've got bigger fish to fry right now.
I reckon the early Christians didn't fret much over the Roman empire's definition of marriage. We shouldn't either.
"People and nations get into trouble when they violate the Natural Law."
Yes, and at a certain point Lot decided to obey God and leave sodom and gomorrah to their fate.
This is why homosexual activists want marriage. It's not about relationships. It's about destroying society and dominance. Please read their own reasons, in their own words.
From LA Times of March 12: ...
"Divided over gay marriage" by Roy Rivenburg Paula Ettelbrick, a law professor who runs the International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission, recommends legalizing a wide variety of marriage alternatives, including polyamory, or group wedlock. An example could include a lesbian couple living with a sperm-donor father, or a network of men and women who share sexual relations.
One aim, she says, is to break the stranglehold that married heterosexual couples have on health benefits and legal rights. The other goal is to "push the parameters of sex, sexuality and family, and in the process transform the very fabric of society." ... [snip]
An excerpt from: In Their Own Words: The Homosexual Agenda:
"Homosexual activist Michelangelo Signorile, who writes periodically for The New York Times, summarizes the agenda in OUT magazine (Dec/Jan 1994):
"A middle ground might be to fight for same-sex marriage and its benefits and then, once granted, redefine the institution of marriage completely, to demand the right to marry not as a way of adhering to society's moral codes, but rather to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic institution... The most subversive action lesbian and gay men can undertake —and one that would perhaps benefit all of society—is to transform the notion of family entirely."
"Its the final tool with which to dismantle all sodomy statues, get education about homosexuality and AIDS into the public schools and in short to usher in a sea change in how society views and treats us."
Chris Crain, the editor of the Washington Blade has stated that all homosexual activists should fight for the legalization of same-sex marriage as a way of gaining passage of federal anti-discrimination laws that will provide homosexuals with federal protection for their chosen lifestyle.
Crain writes: "...any leader of any gay rights organization who is not prepared to throw the bulk of their efforts right now into the fight for marriage is squandering resources and doesn't deserve the position." (Washington Blade, August, 2003).
Andrew Sullivan, a homosexual activist writing in his book, Virtually Normal, says that once same-sex marriage is legalized, heterosexuals will have to develop a greater "understanding of the need for extramarital outlets between two men than between a man and a woman."
He notes: "The truth is, homosexuals are not entirely normal; and to flatten their varied and complicated lives into a single, moralistic model is to miss what is essential and exhilarating about their otherness." (Sullivan, Virtually Normal, pp. 202-203)
Paula Ettelbrick, a law professor and homosexual activist has said:
"Being queer is more than setting up house, sleeping with a person of the same gender, and seeking state approval for doing so. . Being queer means pushing the parameters of sex, sexuality, and family; and in the process, transforming the very fabric of society. . We must keep our eyes on the goals of providing true alternatives to marriage and of radically reordering society's view of reality." (partially quoted in "Beyond Gay Marriage,"
Stanley Kurtz, The Weekly Standard, August 4, 2003)
Evan Wolfson has stated:
"Isn't having the law pretend that there is only one family model that works (let alone exists) a lie? . marriage is not just about procreation-indeed is not necessarily about procreation at all. "(quoted in "What Marriage Is For," by Maggie Gallagher, The Weekly Standard, August 11, 2003)
Mitchel Raphael, editor of the Canadian homosexual magazine Fab, says:
"Ambiguity is a good word for the feeling among gays about marriage. I'd be for marriage if I thought gay people would challenge and change the institution and not buy into the traditional meaning of 'till death do us part' and monogamy forever. We should be Oscar Wildes and not like everyone else watching the play." (quoted in "Now Free To Marry, Canada's Gays Say, 'Do I?'" by Clifford Krauss, The New York Times, August 31, 2003)
1972 Gay Rights Platform Demands: "Repeal of all legislative provisions that restrict the sex or number of persons entering into a marriage unit."
[Also among the demands was the elimination of all age of consent laws.]
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I have not read this article yet - but will tomorrow. I have seen the comment "there are bigger fish to fry" a lot lately. I'd like to know what bigger fish there are than "changing the very fabric of society" and destroying the basic foundation of human civilization - the natural family. There aren't many fish bigger than that.
Either Natural Law and its Author are the ultimate authority, or the mind of man is the ultimate authority. And of course since humans cannot always agree, who ever has the most power gets to say what is what. Unless society is founded upon Natural Law and its Author, chaos and tyranny are the only alternative.
From my list of quotes below:
Paula Ettelbrick, a law professor and homosexual activist has said:
Being queer is more than setting up house, sleeping with a person of the same gender, and seeking state approval for doing so. Being queer means pushing the parameters of sex, sexuality, and family; and in the process, transforming the very fabric of society. We must keep our eyes on the goals of providing true alternatives to marriage and of radically reordering societys view of reality."
"Its not about relationships. Its about destroying society and dominance."
Of course it is. The question is what to do about it. I take a fairly pessimistic view, at least from the perspective of the wider secular society.
Is our responsibility as Christians to try to save secular society from it's folly, or to save Christians from the folly of secular society? I think the answer is actually both. But during bad times, I would argue that saving Christians is the higher priority.
I just don't see the point in spending significant energy and resources on a fight over secular law at this juncture. Yeah, let's fly the flag of decency and not go silently into the night. However we should also recognize that caesar is going to define his law as he wishes to define it.
Defeatism is merely being an assistant to evil.
This is way beyond secular law about marriage, and affects anyone who does not want to be dominated by a tiny percentage of the population who identify as homosexuals, and their assistants on the left.
It affects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association, education, and more. It affects almost every aspect of life. It is far from narrow.
Anyone who does not want rules of society which influence the workplace, free speech, education, the court system, and a host of other fields totally changed to make the homosexual version of "reality" the dominant, default version, should be willing to fight this.
Christians, Jews, Hindus, and non-religious people should all be fighting this together.
If you're pessimistic, don't infect others with your defeatism. Cowards should be ashamed of their cowardice.
"Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point."
C. S. Lewis
Like most things the sodomites covet, they only covet it because they can't have it (in reality.) So they want to subvert it - destroy it - for everyone else.
Actually, we should.
That's what the article is about.
Where are you going?
"But at the very least, we must make it absolutely clear that Caesar is no Christian when he's supporting homosexual "marriage."
Caesar is not Christian, period. There may have been a time when caesar was, but those times are behind us.
But we are Christian. So why do we buy in to caesars' redefinition of marriage when we obtain a secular marriage license?
"Where are you going?"
The essence of my point of view is that caesar defines the rules for secular marriage as caesar sees fit. Our duty as Christians is to render onto caesar that which is caesars'. No more, no less.
Caesar is not Christian. We are. Caesar does not require Christians to obtain a secular marriage license in order to marry within the church. My suggestion is to not obtain the secular license. Doing so merely provides added legitimacy to the secular license. Obtaining the license also increases the taxes that most married Christians pay (the marriage penalty). Sort of like a secular version of the dhimmi tax.
So why do we do this?
As for homosexual secular marriage, it will come and go in the next couple of generations. I don't see the point in getting all up in arms over it. Lot left the sodmites and gomorrahans to their fate. We should as well.
Okay, the point of the column eludes you.
Same sex 'marriage' is wrong first because it seeks to normalize deviant behavior. If we go down that road of normalizing deviancy it destroys the culture and replaces it with something different, something which has normalized deviancy. Deviants and their dead-soul apologists of course seek exactly that, to nromalize any and all manner of deviancy in order to end the culture as we have inherited it.
Ought we Christians not have a say in setting the societal taboos? ... We had better, in a nation founded upon Christianity. You can bet the mooselimbs will define society by their Sharia, if this fails to remain a nation founded upon and functioning--even at a stumble--on Christian principles.
The Democrat party's normalization of slaughtering alive unborn fellow humans ought to tell you that we have to draw the line somewhere, we Christians. Or are you more comfy with cinos, Christians in name only?
I cannot understand this defeatism. You say you're a Christian, do you think the early Christians were spineless, hopeless defeatists? Or did they fight evil and ingnorance?
Basically you're saying let everyone go to hell and hide in your hole.
The default of civilization is either morality based on Universal Natural Law based on God's words not just in the Bible but in every religion, or the mind of man, which is whimsical and prone to evil. There is no "neutral" or third option. Since our country was founded on Judeo-Christian principles, if these are jettisoned (which is happening at a great rate of speed), the hell that will ensue if people who see the need do not fight (as you advocate), you cannot imagine the depths of violence and depravity that will of a certainty be happening - legislated - in the near future.
"Cowards should be ashamed of their cowardice."
Actually, cowardice is going along to get along. My apologies if I tend to state the truth that I see rather than that which I would like to see.
37 years ago, infanticide was made legal in this country. And despite millions of dollars spent, millions of hours of volunteer hours being donated to change it, the reality is that with some few exceptions, infanticide is just as legal as it was in 1973.
Now let's look at the issue of homosexual marriage. Despite the resources spent, and the millions of votes cast, it's now the law of the land, at least in our largest state. And unlike infanticide where there were 9 judges, one judge was sufficient to establish law on this issue.
The issue is not one of defeatism. It's one of denial. The state of denial that too many Christian conservatives are in with regard to secular politics and law.
This statement is unclear. It sounds as though you mean that Christians (I would expand that to anyone with faith in moral absolutes, as this is not a sectarian or denominational issue, as religious Jews and Hindus share the same basic moral views, heck, even real Buddhists, and many non-overtly religious people do too) should just let society go to hell and just try to maintain their own standards and principles in their own houses or houses of worship. Basically withdraw from any efforts on the world to steer the public, society, standards or laws in the direction of moral absolutes that are the very foundation of human civilization.
Is this what you mean?
"Okay, the point of the column eludes you."
Oh. I get the points just fine. I simply reject the clarion call to further secular action. And in this forum, that is heresy.
What is with all of your irrelevant Caesar stuff?
We are supposed to be a self governing people within the limits of Natural Law. While acceptance of homosexuality within declining civilizations is nothing new, enshrining the perversion in marriage is.
America is being attacked with propaganda that hits the youth with something they have been educated to belive is ok anyway.
Bring Children into the world is a situation that creates a win win if society helps....thus Marriage. Producing Children keeps the human race alive and growing. Win Win. Two people with the predetermined purpose of not having children, o...n purpose now, does not merit the help of society since that union is one that does not assist in keeping the human race alive, but instead, in a very selfish way, seeks only its own selfish objectives.
Why should society help a movement that for the human race is suicidal?
"We are supposed to be a self governing people within the limits of Natural Law."
Supposed to be, but aren't. Social conservatives have little to no voice in secular governance.
"While acceptance of homosexuality within declining civilizations is nothing new, enshrining the perversion in marriage is."
It's amazing how moral decay is being embraced rather than resisted.
So you're saying that people pushing and promoting perversion and immorality should have the field to themselves and anyone with traditional aka "real" moral viewpoints should keep them to themselves and not try to influence the culture, society, laws, or government at all.
Please clarify your position. If I'm reading you wrong, let me know how, since that seems to be quite clearly your position.
And let's leave "Christians" out of this - anyone of any religion or none that shares those same moral values is on the same side.
Could you read my comment I posted a while ago and reply to it, since you're still in the discussion?
Ted Olson, the anointed conservative by the drive-by media liars argued there is a right to marry in the Constitution.
Olson on Fox news, is now arguing there is a right to build in the Constitution.
Since Islamic law allows a man to have four wives, will Terd Olson argue they have a right to marry as well???
The Second Amendment is illegal in NYC.
These legal hacks like Terd Olson have given us endless, cascading rivers of lies about why an American citizen cannot own a gun in NYC, but now they want to tell me that a foreign enemy has Constitutional rights they would routinely deny a citizen of this country?
Maybe this mosque will perform polygamous gay marriages and Ted Olson is angling for a black burqa judicial appointement from Sodom Hussein Obama...
Freep-mail me to get on or off my pro-life and Catholic List:
Please ping me to note-worthy Pro-Life or Catholic threads, or other threads of general interest.
Evolution is only possible with heterosexual relationships...
"Basically withdraw from any efforts on the world to steer the public, society, standards or laws in the direction of moral absolutes that are the very foundation of human civilization. Is this what you mean?"
No. My point is more in the nature of picking your battles. This one is already lost, at least for the time being. And I don't see that we're going to be able to pick many others in the years to come. For a historical parallel, this is looking an awful lot like circa 400-500 a.d.
"Evolution is only possible with heterosexual relationships."
I agree. Homosexuality doesn't allow much opportunity for procreation.
So you accept defeat. Already lost when the majority of Americans do not want "gay" marriage? When the more info gets out about the real nature of the homosxual agenda, more people will wake up?
You're either a hopeless Eeyore defeatist or trying to instill hopelessness and defeatism.
"So you accept defeat. Already lost when the majority of Americans do not want gay marriage?"
So what? And the majority of Americans don't want infanticide, either. And 37 years after Roe v Wade, it's still the law of the land. And 5 years from now, it'll still be the law of the land.
FWIW I'm actually very hopeful on the infanticide front. It WILL disappear. And it'll have little if anything to do with efforts to change the secular law. It'll have everything to do with women deciding not to kill their unborn offspring.
And that's much the way this issue will play itself out. Eventually, homosexual marriage will no longer be an issue. And it'll have nothing to do with our collective awareness or efforts to change secular law.
"Youre either a hopeless Eeyore defeatist or trying to instill hopelessness and defeatism."
I'm neither. And your ad hominem attacks on my character are becoming tedious. You're a smart person and from what I've seen, a good one. You can do better.
Still the law of the land, with many fewer abortion "doctors", many aborion "providers" closed, and many young people for life.
Change is happening precisely because people have not given up with a hopeless, defeatist attitude.
I'm not making ad hominem attacks. I'm disagreeing with your message of defeatism and hopelessness.
Krishna, this is Arjuna... Can I shoot Bisma with my arrows now?
The whole battle between Arjuna and Bhsima was one of love - impossible to comprehend without seeing the internal bhakti of Bhisma.
Then Bhisma lay on his bed of arrows for a long time - some months, IIRC, as he had the benediction from his father that he would quit his body only when he wanted to.
He left the world in the presence of Krishna, Arjuna and his brothers, and many great saints and rishis. Here is one of my favorite verses:
Suta Goswami said:
Thus Bhiskmadeva merged himself in the Supersoul, Lord Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, with his mind, speech, sight and actions, and thus he became silent, and his breathing stopped.
Knowing that Bhismadeva had merged into the unlimited eternity of the Supreme Absolute, all present there became silent like birds at the end of day.
I think arrows may fly, sometime fairly soon. Some kind of arrows.
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Oklahoma City police say they have found a missing 81-year-old man.
Officers say the man walked into a heavily wooded area near Interstate 40 and Triple X Road.
Investigators did not release the man's name or his picture.
Stay with KOCO 5 News for the latest information on breaking news.
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subset: commoncrawl


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As much as I try to ignore the looks of a component and stay with what actually performs, I am sometimes guilty of letting aesthetics win out. It rarely happened just a few years ago when there was no window on the side of my case. But, the fact is, more cases have windows, more builds have themes and color schemes, and more people want the looks to match the performance. One of the biggest casualties in this has been Noctua. Very few will argue that they are among the best performing fans ever to hit the market, and a majority of enthusiasts will argue that they are unparalleled in many applications. However, their brown and beige color scheme wasn't exactly complementary in most themes. While people have clamored for at least a black series, it hasn't happened due to Noctua's unique materials being resistant to coloring and Noctua being unwilling to put out a product that is not perfect.
After years of beige and brown, Noctua is introducing the two-tone gray Redux Series along with the black PPC2000 Industrial Series. While specs on the Redux look familiar, owing to NF-S12A/NF-P14 origins, the new PPC2000 Series is an entirely new take for Noctua. Billed as an industrial fan, the PPC Series comes in 2000 and 3000 rpm variations, with and without PWM. The added speed and specially designed blades create increased airflow and exceptionally high static pressure. This combination makes the PPC Series a natural for dense and thick radiator use. In keeping with the "industrial" tag, PPC fans come with IP ratings of 52 and 67, showing outstanding dust and liquid resistance, with IP67 versions being able to be submerged in shallow water for thirty minutes with no harmful effects. Both series sport MTBF of greater than 150,000 hours and are backed with a 6-year warranty.
Product Gallery:
Noctua Redux Noctua Redux
Noctua Redux Noctua Redux
Provided by: Noctua
No compensation was received for review of this product.
Price Point
Price: $26.95-$34.95 USD (MSRP) (Get it at Amazon)
Class: Enthusiast
With an estimated price point of $26.95-$34.95 USD, the Noctua Redux and PPC2000 are in the Enthusiast category of fans.
Reviewer's Opinion
There are a lot of enthusiasts out there that are going to be very excited about the prospect of getting Noctua quality in a color that they can fit into their scheme. There is good reason for this, as Noctua fans are one of the few components on the market that actually live up to their incredible reputation. While there is a growing number of quality fans out there, in terms of build quality, noise and performance, absolutely no other manufacturer matches Noctua across the board. They are simply that good. Now, for the first time they are starting to get aesthetics to match.
The Redux series doesn't actually bring anything new to the table aside from the gray color. In this case, that is a good statement. Essentially, these are NF-S12A and NF-P14 series fans with a new color scheme. I could go on about exactly how good these two series are, but at this point it would be redundant, as it has been discussed at length so many times previously. What you are getting is a color option on arguably the finest fans ever made for case and CPU cooler usage, that also do quite well on radiators.
The big story here is the PPC Series of fans. These are a departure from Noctua's usual products In that they address airflow, static, and durability first, quiet second. With 2000 and 3000 rpm variations, the PPC series are capable of outstanding air movement with top of class static pressure. This makes them an ideal choice for thicker and/or denser radiator usage. While there is no way to get this kind of air movement in a silent (or near silent) manner, the PPC series are actually quieter than expected, and quieter than almost any competition at similar performance levels. If Noctua did not design them specifically for this application, they certainly fall right into being among the top choices for it. Is it a coincidence that their release coincides with a dramatic rise in the use of liquid cooling?
However, the PPC series is labeled as an "industrial application fan", and carries with it durability ratings to match. The IP52 variation of the fans are impervious to harmful dust and can withstand horizontal water sprays. Stepping up to the IP67 rated gets you complete dust sealing as well as the ability to withstand being submerged up to one meter for thirty minutes with no harm. While the industrial applications are obvious, we again see a nod to liquid cooling. The dust protection also makes them a great choice for builds that are tucked away collecting dust that are not easy to clean, such as an HTPC in an entertainment center.
The Redux series is easy to like, since they are the same Noctua fans that have offered top performance for some time, just in a color more palatable to some. The PPC series opens up a whole new world for Noctua, especially on the liquid cooling front. While the Redux holds to the high established standards set by Noctua, the PPC series sets new ones. Both series come with the highest recommendation and are recipients of Hi Tech Legion's Editor's Choice Award.
- Excellent NF-S12A/NF-A14 Performance In Redux Series
- Outstanding Flow and Static Pressure In PPC Series
- Outstanding Build Quality and Finish
- Outstanding Performance to Noise
- More Agreeable Color Choices Than Previous Models
- Excellent IP Rating on PPC Series
- PWM Models Available
- Round or Square 140mm Designs for Excellent Versatility
- Proven Quiet and Durable SSO-Bearings
- 6-Year Warranty
- Excellent Radiator Performance From PPC Series
- Excellent Case and Cooler Performance From Redux Series
- Slight Whine From PPC Series at Lowest Speeds


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Popular Diets
Popular Articles
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Recent Enteries
You may know Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino from MTV's reality show, The Jersey Shore. What you might not know is that his financial empire is growing. Given his beginnings as a personal trainer, it's not surprising that his fame has shifted to the fitness industry and beyond.
Sorrentino is expected to make $5 million in endorsements and other financial ventures by the end of the year. The Situation Ab Workout is his DVD scheduled for release this winter. A lot of us are excited to start reading those reviews and finding out the secret to Situation-abs. Sorrentino's abs seem to get more publicity than he does, so it's only natural that they start making some money.
The Situation is also a contestant on Dancing With the Stars. Although he hasn't been known for earning the highest scores, he's hanging in there and so far hasn't been sent home. (more…)


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MORRISVILLE, N.C.--Innovation and commercialization firm Montie Design (www.montie.com) has released an updated 2013 capabilities statement detailing core competencies and differentiators in the product design and engineering marketplace. The nine-page document, available for download at www.montie.com, also includes project snapshots showcasing the firm's strengths in design, engineering, prototyping, test and manufacturing. "No two projects are exactly alike, which is why Montie Design has never really focused on one specific industry; instead, we stand ready to engage a wide variety of projects and applications," said Montie Roland, company president.
Roland explained this approach has allowed Montie Design to successfully complete projects requiring a wider amount of flexibility and resources than many design firms are able to bring to bear. "The ability to take a project from concept to finished good on the shipping dock has been very valuable to our clients," he said, adding, "Bringing our own product line from zero to six figures of sales in four years has provided us with enhanced skills, strategies and resources to provide for the benefit of our clients."
Core competencies of the six-year-old firm listed in the capabilities statement include product commercialization, mechanical engineering, industrial design, engineering analysis, prototyping, test and evaluation, and management of online sales.
"Our quick-turn manufacturing of customer products and unique experience designing small arms accessories are two key differentiators that have enabled us to continue to service a growing customer base in the midst of an economic downturn," Roland pointed-out. "The success of our Montie Gear line has also helped to inspire some of our customers to keep the manufacturing of their products in the US. This has put us in a key position as an enabler of their made in the USA strategy. Not all products are candidates for local or domestic manufacturing, so we have to be ready to interface with international suppliers as well," he said.
One of the project examples detailed in the capabilities statement is a rackmount chassis built for an international company with design and manufacturing in the U.S. and overseas. This particular project called for customized industrial design and branding; engineering/airflow and thermal analysis; tolerance analysis; and manufacturing.
Other examples include a home air purifier and innovative portable shooting rest.
Operating out of the Research Triangle region of North Carolina, the Southeast's innovation hub, Montie Design provides concept-to-marketplace product commercialization and development services to businesses in the rackmount equipment, electronics enclosures, LED lighting, Department of Defense (DOD), consumer products, and equipment design markets.
For more information on Montie Design, visit www.montie.com.
About Montie Design
Montie Design is an innovation and commercialization firm with core competencies in mechanical engineering and industrial design. Active in the product design, defense, and technology sectors, we leverage years of industry leadership and extensive technical capabilities to help clients take products from concept to marketplace that are economical to manufacture, elegant and robust. Montie Design is a North Carolina company headquartered in the Research Triangle region with clients across the country and overseas. We are dedicated to economic development throughout our home state and furthering excellence in design and engineering. For more information, visit www.montie.com.


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As an artist, I am keenly interested in observing the way consumer society is increasingly affecting every aspect of our lives. The everyday has become a continuous challenge for the individual, who sees him/herself being unceasingly forced to re-signify and re-organize the most ordinary and common relations he/she has with the real world and, at the same time, with his/her notion of the self. A major role in this daily hecticness is played out by the media in all its different manifestations.
As a sympathetic response to the way public imagery is displayed around us, my art considers various systems of expression: drawings, objects, sculptures, projections, installations. Thus my drawingsŃexecuted with clean, graphic lines and often traced from magazines and picturesŃemulate the images and messages of the media and its products. I distort and manipulate certain elements in order to create a subversive message/image that shows how social conducts are created and operate
Like the drawings, my sculptures depict human and commodity shapes. Usually, these figures are placed directly on the floor, incorporating technological or branded objects in an isolated and alienated situation. These different sculptural devices are often off-scale, losing their real-life relationship to each other. Their aim moves from being a mere mirror of the material world to mirror the social world, questioning the strategies that hierarchize information.
The installations combine slide projections and sculptures, drawings or objects. All the works have a strong narrative aspect which is emphasized by the temporality effect of the projectors. I am very interested in the narration as a mechanism for fantasy, one that opens up new interior worlds and is able to transmit, share and "incorporate" the experiences of the viewer.
Ultimately, my work is about the fluctuations, negotiations, and contingencies the contemporary subject deals with in his/her struggle for constructing and consuming the representation of him/herself in this late-Capitalist, urban economy.
Ester Partegàs


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GOP blocks immigration reform
As the year 2013 draws to an end, the fight for immigrants' rights, and especially for the legalization of the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants believed to be in the United States, continues.
San Jose won't give up on immigration reform
Protestors called on Congress and the Obama administration to stop deportations and enact comprehensive immigration reform, making it clear that they weren't going to stand idly by while the Republicans in the House leadership block a badly needed new immigration law.
Chicago police arrest 150 at immigration protest
Leaders of faith, trade union, immigrant and community groups and elected officials were arrested this week for blocking a street, demanding an end to deportations and calling upon Republican leadership to quit blocking a vote on immigration reform in Congress.
Police arrest 15 at immigration reform action in Florida
ORLANDO, Fla.--Immigrants, their brothers and sisters in labor and other progressive forces converged here on Oct. 29 for a protest demanding a path to citizenship for America's 11 million undocumented immigrants and an end to the deportations that have torn apart tens of thousands of immigrant families.
Undocumented activists block another deportation bus
Yesterday, a bus filled with dozens of immigrants en route to deportation ran into an unexpected roadblock: a group of undocumented activists and allies.
Immigrants strap themselves to wheels of deportation buses
The peaceful blockade succeeded in halting the day's proceedings where detainees were to have been hauled before a judge and sentenced as a group.
House Republicans quit bipartisan immigration group
A blow was dealt against a possible bipartisan comprehensive immigration reform bill in the House of Representatives when two more Republican members withdrew. However, immigrant rights activists vow that they will not be deterred.
Visit to giant's gravesite: Vito Marcantonio
Vito Marcantonio has been virtually erased from the study of the progressive movement of the 1930s and 40sand this has dealt a severe blow to the movement.
Immigration bill, despite flaws, needs united push for House passage
It would still represent a major victory for immigrants, labor and the working class. It would grant legal status to most undocumented, including some who have already been ordered to depart.
Protesters to Obama: "400,000, not one more deportation"
CHICAGO - Twelve undocumented Chicagoans were arrested May 29 as they blocked rush hour traffic to demand that President Obama stop deportations.


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Underground mine workers are employed in some of the hottest and most humid working conditions. In addition to the hazards of heat illness and heat stroke, other impacts of excessive heat stress are loss of productivity, poor safety performance due to coping with the heat, additional costs to the enterprise due to lower productivity and safety, poor morale and increased turnover and absenteeism. This book reports a major study into heat stress in these conditions in which deep body core temperatures, heart rates, fluid intake, hydration status and fatigue were all measured. It develops a new heat stress index called Thermal Work Limit and an original methodology to allow any heat stress index to be compared to another. New heat stress protocols for self-paced work were adopted and the incidence of heat illness measured before and after the interventions was compared. The results were surprising; with the incidence of heat illness significantly reduced while productivity was increased. Thermal Work Limit and its associated protocols are now widely used not only in underground mines but increasingly in surface applications and even in public health reporting.
Derrick, Brake.
Dr Rick Brake is a Chartered Mining Engineer based in Brisbane, Australia with 30 years experience in underground and open cut mining operations. He has a PhD in physiology and is director of Mine Ventilation Australia specialising in the areas of heat stress, underground ventilation, mine refrigeration and cooling and egress and entrapment


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1286: Landscape scale collaboration for Environmental Stewardship
This paper is taken from the Executive Summary of 'Options for landscape scale collaboration under the UK's Environmental Stewardship Scheme' by Franks, J. R., Emery, S. B., Whittingham, M. J.and McKenzie, A. J. of the Centre for Rural Economy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Year of Publication2011
Because of the success of environmental groups and evidence that the larger scales of management are likely to be more effective and because policy makers recognise that this approach represents a way forward, it is proposed that a financial incentive is introduced for farmers to collaboratively conserve environmental goods. Entry Level Stewardship should be amended by moving some current options into compulsory cross compliance to free-up points (and therefore money) to create Entry Level Stewardship plus (ELSplus) whose aim would be to incentivise farmers to work together to conserve the environment at a landscape scale.
This item is categorised as follows
- Subject Collection > Environmental impact > Wildlife & biodiversity
- Subject Collection > Environmental impact > Landscape
- Subject Collection > Environmental impact > Managing land for environmental benefit
Additional keywords/tags
RuSource Briefings is a free rural information service for anyone working in the countrysideWebsite
What Next...?
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This is a brief summary of an item in the OpenFields Library. This free online library contains items of interest to practitioners and researchers in the agricultural and landbased industries.


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Editor's note: These are excerpts from past editions of the Press-Register.
• "That amiable pictorial, Harper's Weekly, of the 17th, has an elaborate sketch showing how the 'rebels bayonetted our wounded' on the field of Manassas. Harper's publications and Harper Brothers will be ever held in remembrance in the South. The Harpers are 'dogs that have had their day' in this country."
• "A correspondent of the Petersburg Express, writing from Weldon, N.C., says that Thos. Russell, of Tallahassee, one of the Florida soldiers recently reported killed by coming in contact with a bridge, is alive, and has recovered, though his life was long despaired of."
Monday, August 28, 1911:
• "Rigid enforcement of the city ordinance prohibiting the operation of corner groceries on Sunday resulted in the arrest of two storekeepers. ... The proprietors arrested were J.J. Comick . ... who runs a store at the corner of Maryland and Wilkinson streets, and Libern Bidrith ... whose store is at Congress and Kennedy streets. They were placed under bond charged with violating section 968 of the city code. ... All are charged with violating section 1001 of the city code, which is the complaint lodged against dangerous and suspicious characters."
• "Joe Dacovich, one of the proprietors of the St. Andrew[Hotel], has returned to Mobile from an extended trip through the North and East, having visited points in Canada as well as cities along the Atlantic coast. The final lap in his journey was made by steamer from New York to New Orleans."
• "Albert Ashenberger, local forecaster in charge of the Mobile office of the United States weather bureau, will leave to-day on a business trip to Texas, expecting to be absent for about three months. During the absence of Mr. Ashenberger his assistant, John S. Garrason, will be in charge of the weather bureau."
Friday, August 28, 1936:
• "Approximately 400 Mobile orphans from various institutions went home Thursday with what is reasonably supposed as full stomachs after a gala day at Grand View Park, in whichi they enjoyed eating, swimming and playing as guests of the Mobile Elks Lodge. ... To convey the young throng to Grand View, a motorcade of about 60 or 70 cars drove dowon the bay, Fournier Gale, exalted ruler of the club, said."
• "Henri Aldridge, Jr., president of the Little Theatre, presided at a meeting of the committee chairmen which was held Monday evening at the theatre at which time reports were presented along with plans for the coming season. ...
"Chairmen and committees are: Play reading, Mason Cogswell; Green Room, Mrs. Poe; house, Marjorie Davis; membership, Ethel Beck; costumes, Aimee King; entertainment, Frank Poggi; scenic, Cooper Van Antwerp; stage, Harry Tindel; properties, Marie Fowler."
• "The members of the W.O. Haas family, who have been spending the summer months at their bay front home on Mon Louis Island, are moving back to town Thursday."
• "Miss Lucille Lesesne is spending this week over the bay as the guest of her friend, Miss Carmelina Beardslee."
Monday, August 28, 1961:
• "Mount Vernon Police Chief J.M. Cannon holds the belt and holster from which a motorist ripped his revolver after being stopped on a speeding violation. His wrist is scraped and powder burns show on his left cheek where the motorist's .22 caliber pistol discharged nicking Cannon on the ear lobe."
Compiled by Cammie East Cowan


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15 Glittering Moments to Close Out Paris Fashion Week
Model BFFs, a Bieber-Lagerfeld summit, and snacks!By Véronique Hyland
Model BFFs, a Bieber-Lagerfeld summit, and snacks!By Véronique Hyland
It's a very American way to give up the Parisian gig.By Robin Givhan
It's all in the twist of the wrists.By Christina Han
Like 77-year-old Woody Allen.By Charlotte Cowles
She also apologizes to Lee Radziwill for her having to watch Coppola's film.By Julie Ma
"We're post-race, post-feminist, but I feel like we're not quite post-age."By Charlotte Cowles and Jenni Avins
Plus: Tim Gunn claps, and André Leon Talley takes out a Muppet.By The Fug Girls
Plus, Kanye West has a weird new name for himself. In the gossip roundup.By Tim Murphy


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NextLevel Leadership Module 1: Landmarks of Leadership Online
NextLEVEL Leadership Module 1: Landmarks of Leadership Online
April 28 to June 6, 2014
Three ways to register:
1. Register Online
2. Email Julie Ginter
3. Phone 905-483-4854
Tyndale Leadership Centre collaborates with NextLEVEL Leadership to present to you this online course "Landmarks of Leadership."
After more than a decade of engaging women across five continents in face to face training, NextLEVEL is extending its impact through the Internet. NextLEVEL Online brings Christian leadership training to women worldwide. You will have access to leadership training designed by women for women.
You will participate in online discussion forums with other participants and your online mentor. You will use your electronic journal to record your private thoughts and reflections.
Our goal is to encourage and equip women to develop the character, confidence and competence necessary to have a credible voice in the decision making processes within the church and society, in order to influence our world for God.
For more info: Event Details.
Download the poster: Invitation.


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The victim and suspect were among a group hanging out in front of MnM Foods on the 1400 block of South Clinton Avenue, periodically going inside the store throughout the late afternoon and early evening, Lt. Mark Kieffer said today.
For some reason, at around 6:15 p.m. the suspect attacked the 30-year-old victim at the store's entrance.
"The suspect comes in the store and pulls out a machete from under his clothing," Kieffer said. "The suspect slashed the victim a couple times by the door, causing his injuries."
Afterward the suspect and the others standing outside the door fled in different directions, police said. The victim received a ride from a good Samaritan and was taken to St. Francis Medical Center for treatment. Medical staff there found the victim had been cut on his arms, chest and back, Kieffer said.
Doctors initially feared the man's wounds were life-threatening, and he was transferred to Capital Health Regional Medical Center for emergency surgery. The surgery was successful and the man's condition was upgraded, police said. The victim is now expected to survive.
Police are seeking a Hispanic male suspect described as being in his early 20s, with a thin build, a chin strap beard, and a Miami Heat baseball-style cap, a machete, a white T-shirt and blue jean shorts.
The case is under investigation, but no arrests have been made. Anyone with information on this crime should call police at (609) 989-4170, or the Confidential Tip Line at (609) 989-3663.
Contact Alex Zdan at email@example.com or (609) 989-5705.
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Profile Before Optimizing
All other things being equal, everyone wants their code to run as fast as possible.
An unceasing temptation is to "optimize as you go", by writing things at a lower level than you really should (e.g. reaching directly into arrays, using a reference to an instance variable in an overridable method instead of using the getter method, etc.) or adding lots of execution shortcuts for special cases.
This almost never works.
Human beings, even experienced programmers, are very poor at predicting (guessing) where a computation will bog down.
Write code according to constraints besides performance (clarity, flexibility, brevity). Then, after the code is actually written:
See if you actually need to speed it up.
Profile the code to see where it's actually spending its time.
Focus on the few high-payoff areas and leave the rest alone.
There are lots of ways to improve performance once you know where to do it: use a data structure that better fits your needs (lots of inserts vs. lots of deletes, lots of space vs. lots of time, etc.), make your algorithm more clever (cache results, take advantage of order, traverse only what you need to, etc.), switch to a lower-level language, or even implement the high-payoff area in hardware.
But if you start haphazardly trying to optimize before you actually know where things are bogging down, you're guaranteed to be pessimizing your development efficiency.
When it comes time to optimize a piece of software, always get profiling information first, so you can tell where you need to spend your time making improvements. Without profiling data, there is no way of knowing for certain whether any "improvements" have indeed improved the code (very similar to using
s to determine when a project is finished).
Usually, "profiling" means getting a profile of time spent in various routines or subsystems. This allows for optimizing for speed. Optimizing for [memory] space, or cache misses, or whatever else can be done, though some might take a little wizardry to get good profile data.
Optimizations need not be tiny tweaks, either. They could be wholesale replacement of a O(N*N*N) algorithm with a O(N*N), or outright elimination in the most grievious cases.
(Maybe this should be merged?)
, and
[[ Someone please link in examples, eg Kent's war-story regarding three 12K strings or date-range objects (perhaps somewhere out in
space?) ]]
Does somebody have experience with profiling in Java? I had problems because the
changes the speed behaviour of the program, therefore making it difficult to profile. It seemes that the
is turned off when getting profiling information.
Hm... any
which measures speed of a program requires clock cycles and memory, I suppose.
, eh? Observing something changes it. ^_^ So fudge a few tenths of a second?
I generally agree with this - but how does this idea interact with some of the standard performance idioms you use as a matter of course? For example, in C++ I frequently pass parameters by const reference, not value, so as to avoid the overhead of frequent copy constructors. Yes, in a sense that is an optimisation, but it doesn't (IMHO) impact maintainability, and can dramatically impact performance. It's also tedious to put in after the fact since it involves lots of edits. --
Ferinstance, consider k db (from
, or see
for its precursor): every operation performed by the machine is a transaction. If you put 50 machines in a cluster they combine to form a single-threaded state machine. But that's very fat state, such as multi-gigabyte database columns being "single objects". And the result is meaningfully fast, with real time performance guarantees. Anyways, the specific relevance here is that k semantics are call by value, but the underlying implementation is call by reference with copy on write. The more general relevance is that here is an example of a very-high-level design and implementation which, at least in its target domain, beats the socks off of analogous implementations which focus on lower-level optimizations. Or, even more generally, the fact that you focus on const parameters as an issue means you're likely missing the big picture.
It's interesting to look at the native java drivers for k db. There's a trivial database interface which is much faster than jdbc -- they can be freely downloaded, last I checked. Connection pooling, and other "optimizations" aren't implemented because they slow the system down. jdbc is layered on top of that, for people who can live with the speed penalty that the jdbc design imposes.
Yeah, I write in Java, and I always pass parameters by const reference :-) . For things like this, the question is, "Why wouldn't you do this?" If, as you point out, there's no reason not to --
including maintainability
-- go ahead and do it: it's free.
If there is any impact on clarity or any other aspect of maintainability, though, then you're making a purchase, and you should put off making it until you know whether you need to. The principle is stated extremely because most of us, most of the time, think of things as free that aren't (e.g. external iteration code). --
I believe this is merely an example of using an language as it is intended, not an optimization. In C++, you need to be aware of the differences between references, pointers, and values and use them appropriately. --
When it comes down to it, passing by const reference simply to avoid a copy is an optimization, and more importantly
one the compiler can do for you
(and yes, I have tested this (with gcc 4.7)). One of the nice things about C++ specifically is that it goes to great lengths to promote so-called "value semantics," the homoiconity between fundamental types and complex user-defined data types that allows you to Say What You Mean. Limiting the use of const reference parameters to things like copy constructors and assignment operators, things for which crefs are absolutely the norm (to the extent that the compiler will provide their definitions for you!), I find makes code appreciably, though not overwhelmingly, more readable. I don't have to worry about whether I actually can make my functions const or whether I have to call by value, because having proper value semantics ensures that things Just Work. In other words, don't be so quick to give up the generalizability (read: future extensibility) and possibly clarity of your code to do something which not only may be unnecessary, but may in fact be done for you once you crank your compiler up to -O11! In (yet) other words,
how does this idea interact with some of the standard performance idioms you use as a matter of course?
The example he gives turns out not to illustrate his point well, but there are others. In Java, it is common to use a
rather than the string concatenation operator (+). And some recommend declaring local variables outside loops rather than in them. Both of these performance idioms reduce readability (unless you are very familiar with them, at which point they are transparent).
Although these tricks apparently helped in Java 1.0, they are both approximately neutral in 1.2, and can be harmful to performance in 1.3. Why? Because the JVMs and compilers have improved substantially and are now clever enough to optimize away the performance issues that the idioms fix. But they aren't clever enough to recognize what they idioms are doing, so they can't apply the same optimizations.
So a former performance idiom has become a liability. And for many programmers who were taught these as rituals rather than optimization tricks, they have become
. Yuck! So the general rule of
still holds.
Probably first published in
. They have some other maxims in this area:
Make it clear before you make it fast
Make it correct before you make it fast
The bottleneck isn't where you think it is.
I can certainly recall examples from my own and colleagues' code where I (or they) did not know where the bottleneck was. However, I can also recall many examples where, after a moment's thought, I did know where it was.
The very fact that you know which were which shows that you tested your intuitions, rather than just assuming they were always right, which illustrates the thesis of this rule. Same is true of the fact that your intuitions weren't correct 100% of the time...that too illustrates the value of the rule. Obviously some people will never have correct insight, but they should only be following the first of the
, not the third.
is still useful as insurance if nothing else. Your time is valuable. Even if you're right, you need objective evidence to justify spending time fixing the performance problem. So I'm not disputing the advice to
. However, I don't recall ever seeing any evidence that the rule itself ever been tested scientifically. Is it just FolkWisdom
? Or is my concern
gone awry?
Even if you know exactly where the bottleneck is, it's often handy to measure the effect of your optimizations, if only so you know when to stop optimizing.
Also, it's nice to have concrete numbers to satisfy your curiosity and to put in your status report.
This is how I profile: I launch the program, then stop it manually a few times. Each time I stop it, I have complete access to all context information - local vars, the stack trace, and everything. You don't need that many samples to know that e.g. a certain SQL execution, or some string copying, or whatnot, is eating a lot of CPU cycles.
At least, this method tells me where the
wall clock
time goes, which is often the most important. A situation where my method is indispensable (compared to automatic profiling tools) is in interpretive environments. Sure, it spends its time handling some large datastructure, but _where_ in that datastructure. So what my method gives me is not just "which function uses the time", but just as important "what are all those data that it is called with, all the time".
The method is also excellent in a distributed system: "Oh, so it is waiting for that server most of the time", "let's see what it was asking for - could we maybe bulk process that?".
Also, my profiling doesn't interfere with the normal execution - or, well, it requires debug information, which rules out certain optimizations, but aside from that...
, Nov 2003
A good
should be able to capture key values for you as it profiles, recording these against the timestamps it collects. You shouldn't need to stop the program manually. This is much less likely to be accurate. For instance, the break you're providing by stopping the program could allow asynchronous database reads to progress outside your measured execution time, skewing the results.
replying to the above paragraph: Assume the program is not optimal - it's spending some wall time it doesn't need to, and you want to find that. If there is a small routine doing a bubble sort of a large integer array, then any CPU profiler showing self % should find it. If it is sorting strings, calling strcmp, then only profilers showing inclusive (total) % would show it. If the routine is not small, but is big as many are, you are left hunting in it for the guilty code, possibly focusing on the wrong statements. If the profiler gives you a graph with the inclusive %, maybe you can find it if strcmp is not called in too many places. Now suppose the problem is not a long bubble sort, but a few routines each being called one time too many times from somewhere. If this is happening simultaneously at different levels of the call stack, those factors can multiply together, but no CPU profiler will really show where the problem is. Suppose the problem is various different class objects being created and their constructors being run when they could in fact be re-used. CPU profilers will have a hard time with this because it is not clear how to summarize the results in a way that draws attention to the problem. Now suppose the call tree is fairly deep, going down into library, system, or routines written by others, that just happen to do some IO, like logging something you're not aware of, pinging out for an internet address, looking for a resource on a dll, shelling out some command-line function, etc. etc. If the profiler is a CPU-profiler, it is blind to that, so there is no way it can possibly tell you a big % of wall time is going into that. The long and short of all this is - typically you need to FIND THE PROBLEM, not MEASURE STUFF. Accuracy of measurement is not the goal. If you can find out what's really taking a lot of time that you can fix, do you really care if you only know the amount of time is somewhere between 40% and 60%? If you fix it, you can easily find out how much time you saved, to any accuracy, by just timing it. But if you can't find the problem, you can't fix it. There is a widespread assumption, which is not a theorem, that any of these problems will be found if you only had the right profiler, but that's a giant IF. Bjarke's method can find any of these problems effectively, because it applies all the intelligence of the programmer to understand what's going on, rather than hoping some automatic summarizer will draw attention to it. If you halt it and examine the state 10 times, then any problem whose fixing would save 50% of time will be precisely in evidence on roughly 50% of the samples. On the other hand, if you want to be told precise measurements, and be told there is no evident problem (though there may be one), then use a profiler. Self-deception always feels good.
for discussion and comparison of specific profilers.
I have been collecting some basic optimization rules for years and so far have come up with this list:
It is faster to do something once than to do it 10,000 times.
Fastest I/O is no I/O (
I think this one is from
Only optimize code that is slow
Of course these rules should be applied only if the above rules have been considered.
- fixing the worst of your problems may cause the next 10 to drop off the scope. Therefore, follow the first three rules of optimization, do JustOneOptimization
, then start again at rule #1.
I know this one's widely accepted (i.e. not my idea), but it ain't mentioned here yet and I don't know an apposite Knuth/Kernighan/Ritchie/Beck quote to put on its page to sit along with the other three - anyone got one? --
I've seen quite the opposite. Fix just one, most of the rest of the system crawls.
It is much better to make the code simpler.
: Simple code has almost always good performance. If the code is simple enough, fixing all the performance problems with just one tweak should be easy. --
[This is simply not true in some programming domains, in particular I am thinking of numerical analysis (or other heavy simulation code). It is precisely in these sorts of domains where complicated code and algorithms may be justified because they can realize huge gains over simple (and often naive) code. The question of whether this justifies the maintenance cost is , of course, application dependant.]
ing code has nothing to do with simplicity or complexity of algorithms, merely how the algorithms are expressed. The more complicated the expression of the algorithm becomes, the more difficult it is to identify areas for possible improvement. It also increases the the liklihood of making otherwise obvious mistakes. One reason simple code tends to have better performance is that it is harder to hide bad decisions.
I like:
"More computing sins are committed in the name of efficiency (without necessarily achieving it) than for any other single reason - including blind stupidity." -- WilliamWulf
Does anyone have a source for the observation that
"Human beings, even experienced programmers, are very poor at predicting (guessing) where a computation will bog down."
(and that profilers are better)? It's widely known and I'm not disputing it, but it would be nice to know it was more than anecdotal.... TIA, Alan.
Don't forget what may be the simplest, and quite possibly most effective, way to find performance problems. You run the program under a debugger and, while it is doing whatever takes too long, manually halt it with a "pause" key. Make a record of the call stack. Do it again. Compare the call stacks to find common call instructions. Look for these call instructions in the source code to see if they are truly necessary, or could be avoided. If necessary, take additional samples of the call stack until you find such calls. Four or five is typical; I've never needed more than 20. The reason this works is that the call stack exists for the entire time your program is running, and any call instruction that is active on the call stack some percent of the time, say 30%, would save you that much if you could avoid it. Certainly you could try to speed up the routine being called, but it might be a lot easier just not to call it so much. Unfortunately, most profilers summarize at the level of whole functions / methods rather than on the statements / instructions where the calls occur. --
That seems like a wise and experience-driven approach to profiling.
Thanks, and it's good to see that
above had the same idea. I think the world is profiler-happy at the moment, which is focussing on the tool, not the problem. I've seen people using profilers be pleased to get 20
improvement. With this method, whole gobs of stuff can be cut out, and 20
is not too unusual.
The profiler says the bottleneck is network latency. The client and server are three hours apart. Now what?
Find a way to use fewer round-trip interactions between the client and the server.
I'd say to go with an ISP with more direct wiring. 3 light hours (around 21.64 AU according to google) is about the distance from the Sun to Uranus (no jokes please). I am assuming you aren't from SETI and that electrical signals travel at a significant proportion of the speed of light. --
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March 26, 2014
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In states where the liquor laws require that alcohol no longer be served after 2:30 a.m., beer thirty is the deadline by which alcohol much be purchased, lest the party come to a screeching halt.
"Dude, it's almost beer thirty and we're out of Coors. Better make a run to the store."
بواسطة Corvallist مارس/آذَار 16, 2006
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
Time of day (usually late afternoon to early evening) at which drinking a beer becomes necessary.
Hey, looks like its beer thirty, better grab me a cold one
بواسطة nihilistic0 مارس/آذَار 12, 2004
a hypothetical time of day uttered in response to the question of "what time is it." when consumption of said malted beverage becomes an event that is either inevitable or required to proceed with life as we know it in modern society. No other time expression exists with beer in it, ie. there is no beer fifteen, or quarter to beer, there is also not a half past a beer or beer forty five. If it is not exactly beer thirty when someone asks you just say its getting close to beer thirty.
what time is it?
its almost beer thirty.
see also: beer:30
its almost beer thirty.
see also: beer:30
بواسطة nick مايو/أيار 9, 2005
Half Past Time for a Beer...you're WAY overdue for a cold one and should've started drinking a while ago but weren't able to because you had to finish something up first. When you're finally to the point where you can actually sit down and enjoy a beer that you've earned or need, that's beer thirty.
Well, the work day is over, and it's definitely beer thirty. Any one care to join?
بواسطة rap6 يناير/كانون الثّاني 18, 2008
it is the act of expressing ones want or willingness to drink beer no mater what tie it really is
Bud:Hey its beer thirty.
بواسطة Philip Fry يناير/كانون الثّاني 19, 2011
A point during the day when a person decides its a good time to open a beer.
I just go out of work i think its Beerthirty
thats when it's time to start downing some cold ones with your homies,,usually after work.
co-worker: hey man,, what time is it
You: It's Beer thirty,,time to roll out
You: It's Beer thirty,,time to roll out
بواسطة BmsCat فبراير/شباط 10, 2009
beer thirty is every minute of every second of every hour of the day...its WHEN you WANNA drink a beer..... which is ANYTIME!!!!!!!!!
some dood: hey whacha doin?\
some other dood: drinkin a foedee!
some dood:its like 6 am!
some other dood: yeah i know!!!!! its beer thirty!!!!
some other dood: drinkin a foedee!
some dood:its like 6 am!
some other dood: yeah i know!!!!! its beer thirty!!!!
بواسطة notandrwcuzineverdrnkthatearly مارس/آذَار 13, 2010


text:
An elderly man fatally shot his wife then turned his handgun on himself Thursday while healthcare workers were visiting their Saugus home, sheriff's officials said.
Officials did not release the victims' names, saying that relatives hadn't been notified.
Just after 8 a.m., the 75-year-old man fired one shot into his 68-year-old wife as she lay in bed. He then went into a nearby bathroom and shot himself, said sheriff's homicide Lt. Dave Coleman.
A pair of home-visit healthcare workers were in another part of the house at the time of the shooting and did not hear any arguments, he said.
"It maybe resulted from ongoing health issues," Coleman said.
At least one of the two left behind a hand-written note.
Later in the morning, detectives filed in and out of the two-story townhouse in the 100 block of Bobwhite Circle.
Neighbors were puzzled over the yellow police tape that wrapped around the corner home. They described the area as a loose-knit and quiet community, and said the two seemed to keep to themselves.
Debi Gentile, who lived across the street from the couple, gasped when she heard of the incident.
"I don't know even know if I would recognize them if they weren't standing in their driveway," she said.
Just before noon, a lunch delivery van from the Santa Clarita Valley Senior's Center rolled up alongside the patrol cars outside the taped-off home.
The driver buried her face in her hands when she learned what had happened, apologized, and drove away.