text:
Dynamic (Cascading) Dropdowns that reset on change
Dynamic dropdowns are a handy way to get your users to make choices based on what they've previously chosen, while steering them away from making invalid choices. Today we're going to look at one that easily handles multiple levels, and we'll take a look at what could go wrong. Let's see one in action, shall we?
Right, what's on the (dropdown) menu?
Cool…check it out…as you can see from the above, the user gets prompted with "Choose…" whenever a subsequent choice must be made.
Ok, what kind of fruit should I have? Hmmm, let me see….eeny, meeny, miny, STRAWBERRIES!!!…MO!
Ok, so what delights does Sub Category 2 have in store for me?
Earliglow? Never heard of it. Sounds delicious…I'll have those, please.
There, all done. Pretty nifty eh…users only get to see valid choices depending on what they chose last. So users simply can't screw up! Or can they?
[Evil user, determined to prove me wrong]: Wait a minute…I just remembered that mother expects me to eat my vegetables first, before I move on to dessert. So I better change that initial selection:
What the…Strawberries are vegetables???
Damn…changing upstream dropdowns later on means those downstream choices can be flat out wrong! So how can we make this bulletproof?
Macros to the rescue
Yep, we'll use some code to clear out any 'downstream' choices if anything 'upstream' changes. Let's go back to that original strawberry fest:
Now watch what happens when our user subsequently decides they better vege out first:
Ahh…look at that: the code realized that all those downstream choices are no longer valid. So it deleted them, and prompted the user to choose again. There. Now that IS bulletproof.
So let's see…hmmm…for an appetizer, I'll have baby carrots:
And I already decided on Strawberries for pudding…
But what about my main course. Ah, yes, of course…
MEAT! Yummy. BURP!
What's the recipe?
My approach draws on Roger Govier's excellent sample file on the Contextures website. Be sure to check out that link to see Roger's in-depth discussion of the formula magic behind this puppy…It's genius.
In my Dynamic-Dependent-dropdowns-20140214, you'll see that all the different categories used by the dropdowns are hosted in an Excel Table, that has the initial categories down the left hand side, and subsequent categories across the top:
So how do these categories get used by the data validation dropdowns? Roger's approach uses two dynamic named ranges to feed the data validation lists, one called MainList and one called SubList:
Here's the MainList formula:
…and here's the SubList formula:
The SubList formula has a relative reference in it: whatever cell you use it in, it retrieves the value of the cell to the immediate left, and then it scans the column headers of our validations table (Table1) looking for the heading that matches that value. Once it's found it, it simply uses the items listed underneath that heading.
Because this formula is relative, before you enter it into the Name Manager, you will need to first select cell C8, because the above relative formula refers to B8 – the cell to the left. (Note that it doesn't matter what is in C8 or where your actual dropdown are…rather it's just that the above formula happens to refer to B8, and because we want our formula to always reference the cell on the immediate left, then we've got to select the cell to the immediate right before we enter this relative formula into the Name Manager.
Also note that my version of Roger's approach uses Excel Tables and the associated Structured References that Table functionality allows. My table is called Table1. Your validation lists MUST be held within an Excel Table (which requires Excel 2007 or greater) and you MUST change the Table1 references in the above formula to match the name of your table.
Excel Tables – known as ListObjects to VBA developers – were introduced in Excel 2007, and are a very powerful and simple way to store things like lists, chart data, and PivotTable data…especially if you might need to add more data to your spreadsheet at a later date, and want to avoid having to repoint all your formulas to include the additional data. If you're not familiar with Excel Tables – or you don't know what that Table1[#Headers] guff above means – then I strongly suggest you check out Chandoo's Introduction to Structural References and this great video he did with MrExcel.
The way these two formulas work is very clever. That MainList named range only gets used by dropdowns in that very first 'Main Category' column:
…and all other 'downstream' dropdowns – no matter what level they are – are fed by the SubList named range:
The beauty of Roger's approach is that it can handle any number of cascading levels, provided all the category names are unique. All you need to do is simply add the new subcategories to the right hand side of our validations table (Table1).
Let's look at an example. If you look at the below screenshot, you'll see that users can choose from a number of different kinds of meat:
Let's add a further level that would give meat eaters some further choices relating to how their meat is prepared.
To set this up, all we need to do is take the individual items from that 'Meat' column and add each one as a new column header:
Then we simply list the new options for each type of meat below the relevant header:
Now here's the magic: as soon as we add another column to our input table and set it up with data validation – which I did simply by clicking on the bottom right corner of the cell with the word 'Human' and dragging it across – then Excel picks up on the fact that there's a sub-subcategory, and serves it up to us. *BING!* Order up!
Add code, and stir-fry for 10 milliseconds
As mentioned earlier, in addition to Roger's great method, I've written some code that clears out any downstream entries in the event that an upstream entry is changed. It's in the sample workbook already, all set to go. But here's the actual code, for you VBA nerds. (Special thanks to Gabor Madacs for some enhancement suggestions)
Option Explicit Const CHOOSE = "Choose…" Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) On Error GoTo ErrorHandler Dim targetCell As Range Dim nextCell As Range Dim oldCalc As Excel.XlCalculation If Not Intersect(Target, [DataEntryTable]) Is Nothing Then If [Radio_Choice] = 1 Then With Application .EnableEvents = False .ScreenUpdating = False oldCalc = .Calculation .Calculation = xlCalculationManual End With For Each targetCell In Target 'Clear any cells that use 'SubList' to the right of targetCell in the current table. If targetCell.Column < (targetCell.ListObject.ListColumns.Count + targetCell.ListObject.Range.Column - 1) Then 'there are table cells to the right For Each nextCell In targetCell.Offset(, 1).Resize(, targetCell.ListObject.ListColumns.Count + targetCell.ListObject.Range.Column - targetCell.Column - 1) If HasValidationFormula(nextCell) Then If nextCell.Validation.Formula1 = "=SubList" Then nextCell.Value = "" End If Next nextCell End If 'Perform different action depeding on whether we're dealing with a 'MainList' dropdown ' or a 'SubList' dropdown If HasValidationFormula(targetCell) Then Select Case targetCell.Validation.Formula1 Case "=MainList" If targetCell.Value = "" Then targetCell.Value = CHOOSE ElseIf targetCell.Value = CHOOSE Then 'Do nothing. Else targetCell.Offset(, 1).Value = CHOOSE End If Case "=SubList" If targetCell.Value = "" Then targetCell.Value = CHOOSE ElseIf targetCell.Offset(, -1).Value = CHOOSE Then targetCell.Value = "" ElseIf targetCell.Value = CHOOSE Then 'Do nothing Else Set nextCell = targetCell.Offset(, 1) If HasValidationFormula(nextCell) Then If nextCell.Validation.Formula1 = "=SubList" Then nextCell.Value = CHOOSE End If End If End Select End If Next targetCell With Application .EnableEvents = True .ScreenUpdating = True .Calculation = oldCalc End With End If End If Exit Sub ErrorHandler: With Application .EnableEvents = True .ScreenUpdating = True If oldCalc <> 0 Then .Calculation = oldCalc End With MsgBox Err.Description, vbCritical, Name & ".Worksheet_Change()" End Sub Private Function HasValidationFormula(cell As Range) As Boolean On Error GoTo ValidationNotExistsError If cell.Validation.Formula1 <> "" Then HasValidationFormula = True Else HasValidationFormula = False End If Exit Function ValidationNotExistsError: HasValidationFormula = False End Function
Hungry for more?
Here's some related Posts at Chandoo.org:
Download the file
To see how this is done, download this file and enable macros:
About the Author.
Jeff Weir – a local of Galactic North up there in Windy Wellington, New Zealand – is more volatile than INDIRECT and more random than RAND. In fact, his state of mind can be pretty much summed up by this:
That's right, pure #VALUE!
Find out more at http:www.heavydutydecisions.co.nz
101 Responses to "Dynamic (Cascading) Dropdowns that reset on change"
one idea about to avoid changing the category after selecting the first choice
we can use something like this:
MainList =IF(ISBLANK(OFFSET(INDIRECT("rc",),,1)),OFFSET(Table1[[Choose… ]],,,COUNTA(Table1[[Choose… ]])),"")
find a different approach to the same problem of validation. It is used only one name, the table does not have a first column with the categories (your Choose column), there is no need to update it when we add new columns
FASCINATING! Thanks for this solution. I've also dealt with this and posted a video just 2 days ago.
Here I should make a mention of BI tool, Qlikview. Though Excel can do wonders but Qlikview could have solved the above problem easily as it works on the associative selection.
Qlikview is free for just one person. The pricing quickly jumps to over $1000. Good luck if you can't afford it or, you've gotta convince a manager to approve paying for it. In the meantime, there's Excel.
Also, these types of solutions tend not to be in isolation. There are other things going on in a spreadsheet that supports or relies on this piece. So, there's probably more needed than just a solution to the cascading dropdown lists. Then, the question becomes: can Qlikview support EVERYTHING that's needed? Do we want to go down that rabbit hole when both Jeff and I show 2 decent Excel solutions?
Human Meat. Sounds Tasty
Hi Jeff,
I have fixed a bug and some general problems in the VBA code: 🙂
- It had always switched the Calculation to Automatic
- There was no error handling - it is a must, if we disable EnableEvents or ScreenUpdating
- There was a very resource consuming check for if there is a validation or not
(It's got a new function.)
- I've extracted the "Choose…" string to a constant.
(This is rather a fragile one, due to the "…" (ellipsis) character.)
(Um, this box is really small... :))
Option Explicit Const CHOOSE = "Choose…" Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) On Error GoTo ErrorHandler Dim targetCell As Range Dim nextCell As Range Dim oldCalc As Excel.XlCalculation If Not Intersect(Target, [DataEntryTable]) Is Nothing Then If [Radio_Choice] = 1 Then With Application .EnableEvents = False .ScreenUpdating = False oldCalc = .Calculation .Calculation = xlCalculationManual End With For Each targetCell In Target 'Clear any cells that use 'SubList' to the right of targetCell in the current table. If targetCell.Column < (targetCell.ListObject.ListColumns.Count + targetCell.ListObject.Range.Column - 1) Then 'there are table cells to the right For Each nextCell In targetCell.Offset(, 1).Resize(, targetCell.ListObject.ListColumns.Count + targetCell.ListObject.Range.Column - targetCell.Column - 1) If HasValidationFormula(nextCell) Then If nextCell.Validation.Formula1 = "=SubList" Then nextCell.Value = "" End If Next nextCell End If 'Perform different action depeding on whether we're dealing with a 'MainList' dropdown ' or a 'SubList' dropdown If HasValidationFormula(targetCell) Then Select Case targetCell.Validation.Formula1 Case "=MainList" If targetCell.Value = "" Then targetCell.Value = CHOOSE ElseIf targetCell.Value = CHOOSE Then 'Do nothing. Else targetCell.Offset(, 1).Value = CHOOSE End If Case "=SubList" If targetCell.Value = "" Then targetCell.Value = CHOOSE ElseIf targetCell.Offset(, -1).Value = CHOOSE Then targetCell.Value = "" ElseIf targetCell.Value = CHOOSE Then 'Do nothing Else Set nextCell = targetCell.Offset(, 1) If HasValidationFormula(nextCell) Then If nextCell.Validation.Formula1 = "=SubList" Then nextCell.Value = CHOOSE End If End If End Select End If Next targetCell With Application .EnableEvents = True .ScreenUpdating = True .Calculation = oldCalc End With End If End If Exit Sub ErrorHandler: With Application .EnableEvents = True .ScreenUpdating = True If oldCalc <> 0 Then .Calculation = oldCalc End With MsgBox Err.Description, vbCritical, Name & ".Worksheet_Change()" End Sub Private Function HasValidationFormula(cell As Range) As Boolean On Error GoTo ValidationNotExistsError If cell.Validation.Formula1 <> "" Then HasValidationFormula = True Else HasValidationFormula = False End If Exit Function ValidationNotExistsError: HasValidationFormula = False End Function
I hope it helps. :)
Best wishes,
Gabor Madacs
of The FrankensTeam
Errr... The forum engine stole the indents. 🙁
I have uploaded the fixed Excel file to our site:
(Not really a VBA nerd, just a professional developer. ;))
I suggest to highlights invalid inputs by using conditional formatting for mainly 2 reason: Avoid VBA, Avoid re-typing every input.
Avoid re-typing every input:
for example if you need to filll 10 dependent columns some may still be valid even if you change the parent column. In this case, the highlighting only invalid cells a little comfort.
1. Add Named range "Check" with "=IF([ThisCellValue]"",ISNA(MATCH([ThisCellValue],Uselist,0)))
*[ThisCellValue] = reference to current cell with sheet name.
2. Set Conditional Format "=Check" if it is true turn it RED
[…] Huh. All these years I've been telling people to avoid volatile functions in models – especially in dropdowns because large chains of dependents usually hang off of these – and it turns out that I'm wrong in that specific case, as per Roberto's comment in this thread. […]
Hi Guys,
Just a newbie in this and I was wondering how I can make the entry in the rows automated in my Excel - this is useful and 100 steps beyond the "normal" drop-down! Thank you! However, there is an error appearing whenever I enter the "=MainList" and "=SubList" in Data Validation: Data Validation "The list source must be a delimited list, or a reference to single......" I do not know what to do as I do not understand this error. Appreciate your help.
[…] I posted about how you could construct dynamic (cascading) dropdowns that could easily handle multiple levels, like […]
Love this tutorial and it's exactly what I'm needing! I'm having a problem with getting the downstream cells to clear. I'm guessing my problem is around the radio buttons since there weren't instructions on how to create that part. I figured out how to add the radio buttons and link them to a cell so you get the "1" or "2" depending on which button you clicked; however, when I have the first button selected the downstream cells do not clear when I change the value in the left most drop down menu. What are the proper steps to adding the radio buttons and getting them to work with the VBA code? I understand excel formulas, but once it comes to macros and code I have no idea what I'm doing or how to troubleshoot.
I looked at this code as an option for filtering through levels of management from the CEO down to level 5 managers. For all the discussion above I found a much easier solution that uses combo boxes on a form and only has a slight delay between selections. I did this...
1. wrote an SQL query that dumped the data into a flat table on a hidden sheet with repeating values in all but the last column (much easier than the two named ranges process above)
2. Created a pivot table on the data range (dynamic named range) in the hidden sheet
3. created slicers for mgr 2 to 5 (don't need the CEO) in the hidden sheet
4. created a form and 4 combo boxes for mgr2 - mgr5
5. use the VBA Selected and Hasdata properties of the slicers and some simple loops to select/unselect the values in the relevent slicer depending on the combo box item (mgr) selected and read in the values from next slicer to populate the next combo in the list.
Easy, fast, very simple VBA, and nothing stops users from breaking your spreadsheet better than only giving them a modal form to filter data. And no ridiculously complicated formulas for the next guy to grapple with.
Also adding more levels is a simple job of tweaking the SQL, creating another slicer, and adding another combo and a line of code (to the generic sub that updates a combo) to the form. If more data is added in the database (i.e. more managers) then the combos update automatically as soon as I re-dump the data into the hidden sheet and redefine the named range area.
Simple VBA, simple pivot table, and not having to face long formulas when you want to make a change!
Glad you found an elegant solution to your business problem. I'm not sure from what you've writte above whether that business problem is the same problem as this post is intended to address. Sounds like you're doing a lot more than just providing some cascading dropdowns to me. In which case, of course the above won't be fit for purpose.
That said, I feel duty bound to respond to your comment about 'ridiculously complicated formulas'. The formulas certainly fall into the 'Advanced' category. They certainly will be beyond people who don't 'do' advanced formulas. But then, your VBA and SQL and Slicer approach will be equally beyond those without exposure to VBA and SQL and Slicers. That doesn't mean I'd call your approach 'ridiculously complicated'.
The above approach is pretty robust. It's also very efficient. Even better, no change whatsoever to formulas or code is required to accommodate further sub-layers. So in that regards, it's actually simpler than your approach. In fact, the code isn't even needed.
I'm not saying my approach is better than yours, or that long formulas are better than SQL/VBA. I'm just saying that a) perhaps it's not as complicated as you think and b) perhaps it's actually just as easy for the next guy to amend on the grand scheme of things - particularly if I point the next guy to this post in my documentation.
I use stuff like this all the time to enable admim people with no exposure to VBA and SQL to make changes to apps. Rather than adding code and slicers, all they need to do is add more information into the back-end table. It often has to be like this, because there is no 'next guy'...they need an app that a complete novice can update administrative settings in. If they need more, they hire me back, or someone else suitably qualified.
And I write posts like this to explain my approach partly because it serves as documentation...in my file I often have a note to future developers saying "This looks complicated, but here's why I've done this, and here's a link to a post where I pick it apart piece by piece".
Lastly, where I work, sometimes, VBA and SQL are not always an option. For instance, I'm currently working on a form that will go out to several hundred thousand external customers per year, and we know for a fact that not all of them are willing or even allowed to enable macros. In a case like that, the above approach will still work. Seamlessly.
Also note that I am aware that setting up something like the above is pretty scary to the average user. Which is why I provide a download file...often people can better work out how to do something by playing around. Or they simply don't care about how it works, and just use my template and put their own data in accordingly. That was me 5 years ago.
Among other projects, I'm planning on writing an add-in that has a wizard that will actually write the complicated formulas and put the data validation in place for users.
Sorry Jeff I didn't mean 'ridiculously complicated' in a negative way, rather was just referring to your comment about your own code being a real mouthful. Such long nested formulas cane be pretty daunting when you find them in clients spreadsheets especially when they have called in help because it's broken. Also as a rule (you are the exception) the workbook usually comes with zero documentation provided - except for the end user going 'when I do this, this is supposed to happen' 😐
Maybe it's my VB dev background but I prefer simple lines of nicely commented VBA to long nested formulas. Also there is a big chunk of VBA in the solution above to clear the downstream entries if an upstream entry is changed, so I assumed VBA *is* part of the solution. I understand that VBA isn't always an option.
My requirement is exactly the same as above except having the simple example of fruit and veges I've got levels of managers. Once you select a 2nd level manager you only want their direct level 3 reports in the next cascaded combobox. I could fiddle the SQL to have a list of level 2 managers and a mainlist and a sublist as above, but it would be awkward SQL whereas currently it's a very simple select.
Maybe it's because I work mostly in banks but it's very rare that I am ever having values that I can hard-code into a spreadsheet as per the example data in this solution. Invariably I'm extracting values from a database which is why I came to this page and reached the conclusion that the solution presented wasn't going to work easily for the type of real-life data I get. So I was rather stoked to find the slicer solution as an alternative and that the slicers can be manipulated via VBA and that it is very simple to create a few combos on a worksheet or form and the downstream/upstream problem is handled simply.
So sorry I meant *for my cascading dropdown problem* I have found another solution that works.
Thanks for this great post. It's been very helpful to me.
I'm having a problem with the choose... option displaying when it is not necessary. In my spreadsheet I have three subcategories, but not all possible choices require four selections for sufficient clarity.
I would like to have the choose... option only display if there are options to choose from. However, as stated some job functions only require two selections to be sufficiently clear. In that case after the final selection is made it would be great if the choose option did not appear if there are no options to choose from.
I'm very inexperienced with VBA and have been trying to tweak your code to give this desired result, but have had no success.
Thanks for the help.
I am having problem using this code.
One problem is that..
Under Fruit I have another sub that is called Fruit and under fruit I have the categories you have listed above.. How can I go about this? The problem I found was that table does not take duplicate FRUITS
I am using below formular in another tab, Sheet2, with my data startiing from A3..wHAT DO i NEED TO CHANGE?
…and here's the SubList formula:
Such a great tutorial! Can't thank you enough. I'm integrating this into a spreadsheet I've been working on for a couple weeks as we speak. People's minds will be blown.
I'll be sure to give you credit in the macros 🙂
i downloaded the sample file Dynamic-Dependent-dropdowns-20140214
I am using Excel 2013 french version.
when i try to enter =SubList in the source field of data validation for any cell in G8:Z14 I get an error: "The Source list must delimit or reference one single line or column"
What am doing wrong?
i downloaded Dynamic-Dependent-dropdowns-20140214
i am using Excel 2013
I get an error when i try to enter =SubList in the Source field of data validation in cells G8:Z14.
Error says: "The Source list must delimit or reference one single column or line"
What am i doing wrong?
I've tried to make the same validation but I'm unable to do...
Is there any video for the same(How to make the same ?) ?
Please reply..
Thank you for your help/ post!
I'd like to apply this VBA CODE/ tables to a dashboard I'm building.
I have source tables on a different sheet (sheet 2), and dashboard on sheet 1.
My real issue has been getting this code to work for DROP DOWN CELLS THAT ARE STACKED NOT SIDE BY SIDE - so my first drop down location is in cell P9 and dependent drop down is in P13. (Made them into a table, but still not working).
Any help would be greatly appreciate - specifically help with VBA CODE EDITS/ any other suggestions for my project?
Amber - do you mean in regards to the VBA that resets any 'orphaned' dropdowns, or the dropdowns themselves, or both? (I'm picking both).
I'm sort of a novice trying to figure this out for my boss :/ :p Started from very basic excel experience to building a dashboard in a month or so - thank God for sites like yours - R&D - "rob and duplicate"... So I'm going to defer to your wisdom on that. VBA code is still not something I've got a great handle on, and it is a foreign language to my IT friends.
Let's say both?? 🙂 But the second drop down is not working so I think that's the drop down itself. (?)
So I have a main dashboard sheet with drop downs in same column on right side...
"Select Academic Level" <-- title above drop down
[Bachelor's, Master's, Doctoral] <--- first drop down (main list) (cell P9)
{2 EMPTY ROWS, then...}
"Select Data" <--- title above second, dependent drop down
[[sublist options*]] <-- second drop down (cell P13)
*e.g., "One Year Retention", "Two Year Graduation", and "Four Year Graduation" for Master's, vs. "One Year Retention", "Four Year Graduation", and "Six Year Graduation" for Bachelor's.
Want the second drop down to say/ reset to "Choose..." when first is selected just like your example file, or my dashboard says FALSE everywhere.
I would have to source table on sheet 2; but have made the drop downs into a table as well (with no formatting) so that it hopefully will work properly. Main issue is that drop downs are in SAME column and separated by 2 rows - I've tried but can't get the code to accommodate those changes. I have to keep this formatting for functionality and design.
Hey Jeff, just checking back in if you're able to help with vba without clearer understanding from me - know I didn't leave much to go on!
So I am racking my brain. I keep getting an error "the list source must be a delimited list" when trying to do sub-2.
And the bizzare thing is I even manipulated the Sample File to match 100% what I have on mine. It works... but, on MY file, I get the error. The formulas in the Name Managers match exactly. I have the table names matching. I have the sheet names matching. The table data matches. Yet on mine, I get the error.
Yes, I could just keep the manipulated file as my running file. But, just like most on here, I want to learn and figure out where I am going wrong.
Give a man a fish - he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish, he eats forever.
Anyone know where (probably stupidly) I went wrong?
To extend your fishing analogy, drop me a line via the Chandoo forum. Can you upload your sample file to http://www.chandoo.org/forum?
kind of new here, wasn't sure how to PM you. But it's up. Nor did I want to call you out in the title haha.
Jeff, is the Radio Buttons/Object coding necessary for the rest of the code to work?
{New to Coding} - I can stumble my way through it. Would rather not have the object needed.
Not required, no. Will take a look at your forum post.
It seems like if the dropdown value is a number, and the sub-cat header is a number, it won't work? I tested it added English words, and it works.
Also - where do I use the code? How do I apply it? Thank you!
By this, I mean:
main list:
sub list:
sub list:
This works. but if it's
sub list:
It doesn't work.
Thanks for the tips, however i have a question regarding the VBA code.
If the sublists (cascading list) are below the main category and not to the right in the table, how can the code be modified to work on it?
What about if List D is dependent on what is select in List B and List C? How can we do that?
[…] With this approach the sub-categories don't reset when you change the main category. I found a great article at Chandoo.org that deals with that problem with some VBA code: Dynamic (Cascading) Dropdowns that reset on change […]
If you are interested in learning advance use of drop down list with Conditional Formatting
Thanks for this post...totally saved my bacon.
I git the cascade to work like a charm in my workbook but now it seems that all sort and filter functionality doesn't work (except filter in a single, highlighted column)...Any ideas how to get all sort/filter functionality back?
Hi, I can get the MainList dropdown to work great, but when I try to do the SubList drop down, I get the same error as a few other people: "The list source must be a delimited list, or a reference to single row or column"
Oddly, when I downloaded your sample file and tried to check the Validation for the SubList in your file to see if I was doing something terribly different, I got the same error message when I pressed 'Ok'.
I even changed my table and sheets to match yours and I can't seem to figure it out. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you!
Hi and thanks for this awesome trick !
I have an additional issue that I would like to clear and thus would require your help:
The DataEntryTable that I am using includes blank cells (but not empty cell) at the end of each column list. It is because I have generated this table from a non blank free table so there is a formula returning "empty". This blank cell are understood as not empty with the SubList trick and then taken into account in the drop down list.
How can I get rid of this blank cells ?
Note : for those who have the "source delimited list" error message, try to select an entry in your Main data validation list prior to set the Sub data validation list in Sub category cells.
You are my gods!
Many thanks for this and I wish you all the best!
It is really helpful solution.
I am facing one problem. I have inserted one column before the table (DataEntryTable). that means, now my first column of table is not the column for the dropdown or column 1 has no relation with dropdowns.
After selecting the values in these dropdowns, if I am changing the value of the column no.1 (i.e., which is independent of this dropdown). then the value of the dropdown also is resetting. How can I overcome this issue?
I got solution!!! ????
Hello Arun,
I have the same problem. Did you find a solution?
This is exactly want I am searching to do. Unfortunately, my "DataEntryTable" is not made of consecutive columns (I have column E, G, Y for example). And Excel does not allow me to create a Table made of non consecutive columns... :'(
Do you have an easy way to define the DataEntryTable to keep using this macro? I will then find the things to adapt in the macro to make it function.
Thanks a lot
Wonderful solution and nice code Thanks !
But did you notice that if you extend DataEntryTable by dragging the blue bottom right corner, you reset all the value to "Choose..."..
Any solution?
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TROY, Ohio (May 1, 2014) –Timothy Drehmer, MD, will join Troy Primary Care Physicians in June filling a local void in rheumatologic care in Miami County by offering this service to the community.
Dr. Drehmer will be the only rheumatologist serving Miami County. According to national health organizations, the demand for rheumatologists is quickly outpacing the supply of specialists. As a result, it is unusual for patients in outlying cities to have access to rheumatologists in their own backyard. However, Dr. Drehmer said close access to specialists is critically important.
"Proximity of available health care resources is very important," said Dr. Drehmer, who will practice within Upper Valley Professional Corporation. "Distance creates a barrier that some patients are simply not able to overcome. For physicians of any specialty to be the most valuable to their patients and to the communities they serve, it is important that they live and practice close enough to those patients and communities to be available to them."
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), rheumatic conditions comprise over 150 diseases and syndromes, which are often progressive and associated with pain. Some of the rheumatic diseases rheumatologists treat include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
A shortage in rheumatology care is due to an increased demand, an aging population, and decreased supply – a result of less spots for training, according to industry reports. A study by the American College of Rheumatology in 2005 estimated that there were about 1.7 rheumatologists per 100,000 persons. This number was adequate for 2005, but by 2010 the industry experienced a shortage of 400 specialists. The college has estimated that the trend will only continue, resulting in a shortage of 2,500 rheumatologists by 2025.
The trend isn't just in numbers. Studies have shown that specialists tend to be concentrated in academic centers, leaving more rural areas under served. A study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism late last year showed that smaller micropolitan areas of the U.S. – those with less than 50,000 people – had very few or no practicing adult rheumatologists. In some of these areas, the study said, individuals have to travel more than 200 miles to reach the closest rheumatologist.
Dr. Drehmer is excited about his new position at Troy Primary Care Physicians because it will allow him to return to clinical practice after spending the past eight years as a medical director in the pharmaceutical industry. He chose rheumatology because it was a specialty that allowed him to build long-term relationships with patients and help care for complex health issues.
"Making a rheumatology diagnosis is much like putting together pieces of a puzzle," Dr. Drehmer said. "It's what drew me into the field and what keeps me committed to it after all these years."
Dr. Drehmer received his medical degree from Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences in Maryland. He came to the Dayton area for his residency in internal medicine at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Medical Center. He then completed a fellowship in rheumatology and immunology at Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. He spent 18 years in clinical practice before entering the pharmaceutical industry in 2006 where he most recently served as Director of the Neurology/Immunology Franchise at Grifols Inc.
He and his wife, Angela, will reside in Troy: "We have always loved the Troy area and see it as one of the most quaint and neatest places to live," he said.
Dr. Drehmer is accepting new patients. To schedule an appointment, call (937) 339-9865 or to learn more about Troy Primary Care Physicians visit www.TroyPrimaryCarePhysicians.com.
Content Updated: December 1, 2014
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For a look back at match highlights and some thoughts about the Portland Timbers second of three regular season meetings with Real Salt Lake, you can view the first part of our match recap. You can also take a peek at the official MLS recap, official match stats, quotes and notes, video highlights, complete match commentary and timeline feed, post-match video comments from Timbers Coach Caleb Porter plus the MLS box score and chalkboard that measures statistics like passing rate, tackles, and headers. Here are the ratings for each Timbers player that appeared in the match, plus overall ratings for the coaching staff and team on a scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (epic).
G Donovan Ricketts (90 minutes): 5. On the plus side, Ricketts made several outstanding saves on the evening including one that was nominated for Save of the Week. RSL midfielder Luke Mulholland speculatively pushed a shot towards the right hand corner of the net, and Ricketts reached behind his head to push it out of play for a corner kick. However, the situation was caused by an errant distribution where he tried to throw a ball to a teammate but it fell directly to RSL defender Chris Schuler, who was able to drop a pass to Mulholland for his wonder shot. Ricketts was mostly solid all night, but I did feel he rushed a few restarts where patience really needed to be exercised.
D Jorge Villafana (90 minutes): 7. I had been hoping for a rebounded effort from Jorge, and he certainly showed very well in this match. Once again, his ability to cross from the wings nearly produced an early goal – he timed a pass from the left that found Diego Valeri in the box and the header forced a big save from RSL goalkeeper Jeff Attinella. However, I thought Jorge's work to slow down the outside threats by tracking back and positioning was much improved. Having him available to intermix within the full back rotation will be a huge key during the summer months when roster rotation will be needed.
D Norberto Paparatto (60 minutes, substituted by D Danny O'Rourke at 60th minute for injury): 6. With Pa Modou Kah back in Portland dealing with a balky Achilles and Futty Danso now wearing Montreal Impact blue, Paparatto slid into the center back rotation as the starter. Overall, I was pleased with his marking and positioning, but what I was happy to see is some feistiness to his play. When RSL forward Joao Plata clipped him from behind (albeit accidentally), Paparatto confronted the player and it led to one of the more comical moments trying to draw a card. While I have to laugh at the attempted flop, I was happy to see him stick up for himself when needed until he left the match after having his foot stepped on.
D Danny O'Rourke (30 minutes, brought on for D Norberto Paparatto at 60th minute): 5. Forced to come on at center back after first appearing at right fullback, O'Rourke showed his versatility along the defensive line by filling in for Paparatto alongside McKenzie. He played very physically but within the pace of the game, and didn't make any glaring mistakes in his half an hour on the pitch. With Kah still nursing his injury and now Paparatto dealing with a knock, we might see another center back rotation for the midweek match versus FC Dallas. O'Rourke certainly showed he could hold his own back there if needed.
D Rauwshan McKenzie (90 minutes): 7. From forgotten player to loanee to starter, Rauwshan has certainly become a key component to the Timbers defense, and he responded with one of his most stoic efforts. I saw his last start in Utah back on August 30, 2013 and he really struggled to find the right spacing within the formation, so it was great to see playing with much more confidence and accuracy. He held up well in varying attacks, marked players or space as needed, and was a solid target on set pieces as needed. Until reinforcements arrive, Rauwshan will be a big key to the Timbers' success, so I hope he continues this good run of play.
D Jack Jewsbury (90 minutes): 7. After looking a bit slow against Vancouver, I thought Jack rebounded with one of his better matches in terms of overall support. He provided great outlets for the offense when needed, but he also tracked back well to mark opposing runs as needed. While he did get exposed a few times with his lack of foot speed, he made up ground with exceptional positioning or adjusting to a new spot as his teammates adjusted their formation. Overall, it was a good effort for JJ on the night.
M Will Johnson (90 minutes): 8. I have to admit it's probably pretty odd for Will to return to a venue where he had success early in his career wearing another team's kit, but I think the result of this match certainly showed he's enjoying the newest chapter of his athletic career. In the middle, he created turnovers and worked well in the offensive interplay as a pivot point, and I thought his overall support was outstanding. He also showed confidence to easily convert the penalty in the 73rd minute, but in true class, he didn't celebrate the moment in front of his former teammates or their fans.
M Diego Chara (90 minutes): 6. Chara had his very typical outing in terms of creating turnovers, executing "professional" fouls and generally being a disruption in the middle of the pitch, but he did run afoul of Center Official Ismail Elfath in stoppage time to earn a caution off a particularly hard foul. Chara remains the standard when it comes to defensive midfield work – tirelessly chasing the ball for the hopes to dispossess, then support the offense when needed – and he did pretty well again. My only real concern is that the caution now puts Diego on the warning list for the FC Dallas match – if he receives another yellow in the next 3 matches, he will receive a one match suspension for accumulation.
M Gaston Fernandez (58 minutes, substituted by M Steve Zakuani at 58th minute for tactics): 7. Showing some versatility within the offense, Gaston moved into the central attacking midfield role to start and he was involved in several of the key runs that produced chances and one goal for the Timbers. Gaston showed great vision to receive a ball in traffic, adeptly turn to the right and drop it off for Darlington Nagbe, who had broken open and clear for a shot on goal. While Nagbe's shot was blocked by Attinella and struck Schuler in the arm, it fell to Fanendo Adi, who smashed it home for his second goal of the night.
M Steve Zakuani (22 minutes, brought on for M Gaston Fernandez at 58th minute): 6. Zakuani has been a bit of a disappointment for me over the past few matches because I felt he had hit a wall in terms of what he brought to the Timbers attack. While he has all the speed in the world, I felt he had been too reliant upon trying to outrun or outmaneuver the opposition if he could, but against RSL, Zakuani showed me something different. On the play that generated the penalty call, Zakuani had two defenders chasing him while he was pushing out wide, but instead of trying to pressure the issue or move into the box, Zakuani stayed out wide and put a pass by both of them towards a charging Diego Valeri at the spot. It showed great maturity and vision, and I'm glad to see Steve showing some growth on the pitch.
F Diego Valeri (90 minutes): 8. Valeri ended up tallying his eight assist for the season on Fanendo Adi's first goal off the corner kick, and he nearly tallied two goals of his own off a first half header and the penalty call where Valeri beat Schuler to the spot. Valeri couldn't keep track of the ball, and Schuler ended up sliding over the top of the ball with it striking his arm multiple times. Valeri is really showing his creative side with the offense, and when he has the full range of skills ready and available, there are few players that can defend everything he brings to a soccer pitch.
F Fanendo Adi (90 minutes): 8.5. Adi has certainly acclimated himself to Portland nicely with his third and fourth goals of the 2014 season – and his second brace of the year as well. Adi shows great patience to allow plays to develop and attack when the timing is right for a pass, shot, or other move, and it's a wonder to see such an adept and powerful striker thrive within Timbers Coach Caleb Porter's offensive philosophy. Adi's contract status with the team is that he's on loan to Portland with an option to buy later this summer, and I can't see why the team wouldn't explore the option to keep him here.
F Darlington Nagbe (88 minutes, substituted by F Kalif Alhassan in 88th minute for tactics): 8.5. He hasn't scored a goal yet this season, but I thought Darlington was easily one of the most valuable players on the afternoon. He certainly didn't show any hesitancy to shoot when he just barely missed goal in the 45th minute off a Gaston Fernandez pass, but Attinella deflected his effort. He also threatened the goal on two other occasions and didn't miss by much on either effort, but he was also exceptionally active despite the constant fouling on the afternoon. He easily led both sides with fouls suffered, but in this instance, the officiating made the foul calls that are often lacking in other matchups.
F Kalif Alhassan (2 minutes, brought on for F Darlington Nagbe in 88th minute): 5. It's asking a lot for any player to come in for 2 minutes and stoppage and try and influence the match, but Kalif did a lot in the short time he was out there. He generated a credible shot on goal, created a turnover and distributed several passes during stoppage time where the Timbers were trying to run out the clock. It wasn't a bad effort from Kalif at all, and hopefully he will be able to translate the same success if he receives more playing time which is likely with the plethora of fixtures and competitions coming soon.
Timbers Coaching Staff: 7. I have to admit I was surprised at some of the lineup decisions – Paparatto at one of the center backs with Adi & Gaston combined with Nagbe, Valeri, Will and Chara in the midfield and forwards, leaving Maximiliano Urruti on the bench. Suffice to say, the Timbers offense produced advantages in possession and passing, but they also generated two of the best goals of the season in the first half, then followed it up with a very successful second half. The coach's subs also worked out well – O'Rourke's versatility will be a huge asset down the stretch especially if Paparatto and Kah's respective injuries keep them out for an extended time.
Game Officiating: 7. I know on social media there were plenty of complaints about the work of Ismail Elfath and his crew, but overall, I thought his work was better than average. I'm not saying this as a Portland fan, but I thought he managed the game well in terms of making calls when needed. He also showed maturity to speak with his assistants after RSL defender Tony Beltran fouled Nagbe hard after receiving a caution for pulling on his arm. The severity of the second call was missed initially by Elfath until he conversed with his assistants, and upon review, Beltran earned his second caution for the sliding tackle which I felt was warranted.
Overall grade for the Timbers: 8. I have been impressed with the Timbers' efforts on the road over the past three matches, as they have produced some of the best soccer we've seen from them all season. The passing and offensive movement has been much better, the defense had been rather stout, and the team just looks better away from home. Granted, this likely isn't developing like Porter wanted when he was trying to create a fortress at Providence Park, but being a playoff team means being able to play well on the road. Portland is certainly on their way to establishing that reputation.
For an explanation into the player rankings, click here.
Kip Kesgard, community blogger
Email: email@example.com
Twitter: twitter.com/kipkesgard


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Happy Endings may have ended on ABC, but the "happily ever after" continues for one of the sitcom's stars and its creator.
Casey Wilson, 32, who starred as hapless romantic Penny Hartz on Happy Endings, is engaged to show creator David Caspe, 34 ... and the couple has been since Labor Day weekend, PEOPLE has confirmed.
The private couple, dating for two years, is just now announcing the news, however.
Wilson showed off her engagement ring – a pear-shaped diamond with smaller diamonds around the band – at a Beverly Hills pre-Emmys party that the couple attended on Friday.
The former Saturday Night Live cast member has a busy schedule ahead of her: Wilson is appearing in the upcoming films Me Him Her and Claire's Cambodia.
Reporting by JULIE JORDAN
Casey Wilson Engaged to Happy Endings Creator David Caspe
Courtesy of Casey Wilson


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2015 Medical Family Weekend Highlights
- At the Ceremony of Commitment to Medicine, each first-year medical student receives an Alpert Medical School white coat, marking his or her entry into the world of medicine. This year's ceremony will feature an inspiring lecture by Jonathan Elion '72 MD'75, P'05, clinical associate professor of medicine. Kindly RSVP for the ceremony by contacting us at firstname.lastname@example.com or 401.863.6030. Please indicate your student's name and the number of guests. View detailed information about the ceremony for students and families.
- The Medical Parents Committee meets every October during Family Weekend. Members are asked to be goodwill ambassadors for the Medical School through involvement in hosting events, planning programs, and supporting and encouraging parent giving to the Medical School. If you are interested in learning more about this committee please contact Bethany Solomon, director of parent programs, at 401 863-1635 or email@example.com.
- The Parents and Family Handbooks for both PLME and medical programs are available online. Drawing on input from deans, students, and current and past parents, this overview provides a curriculum summary for the undergraduate program and medical school, plus additional details about our student's classroom and clinical training, advising, professional development, electives, extracurricular activities, recreation, and more.
Contact Us
If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to be in touch! We are happy to answer questions and provide guidance to ensure your trip to Brown is fun and exciting. Contact the Medical Parent Programs Office at 401.863.6030 or email@example.com.
We are truly looking forward to hosting you here on campus for Medical Family Weekend. See you in October!


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DETROIT -- The Tigers are actually getting healthier, with Gary Sheffield returning to the lineup tonight and Jacque Jones also able to play.
Not only that, but Carlos Guillen is feeling much better today and could play as soon as Saturday. If he does, the Tigers could field their projected lineup for the first time this year.
"I'd probably say it's 50-50 (on Guillen),'' Jim Leyland said. "Or maybe 60-40, with 60 percent no.''
Sheffield tested his shoulder taking some swings in the batting cage, and said afterwards that he feels better. He said he's not pain-free, but is ready to play.
In other news, Dontrelle Willis is scheduled to throw a simulated game Saturday. If all goes well, Willis could make a minor-league rehabilitation start, probably for Triple-A Toledo, late next week.
Tonight's lineup:
Granderson cf
Polanco 2b
Sheffield dh
Ordonez rf
Cabrera 1b
Jones lf
Renteria ss
Rodriguez c
Inge 3b


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Rent Psychology and Law 3rd edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Curt R. Bartol. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Wadsworth Publishing.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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Recent advances in the management of peptic ulceration in adults have resulted in a greater interest in this problem in children. The occurrence of peptic ulcer in children is being recognized more frequently,1 due to improved methods of investigation and greater awareness that peptic ulcers can occur in children. It is difficult to evaluate the true incidence of peptic ulcer in children; the number of reported cases is far less than the actual incidence, since not all cases are hospitalized. An incidence of 0.8% to 2.1% has been reported.2
Twenty-eight children were treated for peptic ulcer in St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto, from January 1961 to June 1968. It has been possible to follow 27 of the 28. There were 23 duodenal ulcers and three gastric ulcers; in addition, two children had no radiological evidence of an ulcer but were diagnosed clinically. All children were 16 years of age
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Apple Store Opening Make Swedes Feel Awkward
Apple Inc. just opened its first official retail store in Scandinavia, in the Täby Centrum shopping centre north of Stockholm. The store, which opened its doors on Sept 15 is Apple's 381st retail store, and made Sweden the 13th country to have one.
Although the grand opening was very well visited, with a throng of enthusiasts lining up to witness the wonders of Cupertino, a YouTube video (below) of the opening, made many Swedes feel awkward. The clapping and cheering of Apple Store retail employees caused a storm on social media in the northern country, with many likening the enthusiasm with that of a cult or sect.
Radio producer Tor Billgren tweeted:
On behalf of my country I apologize to the world for these scenes at the opening of an Apple store near Stockholm
He wasn't the only one. The video on YouTube has already picked up 1183 dislikes. Only 87 have liked it.
At the recent iPhone 5 unveiling Chief Executive Tim Cook said Apple's retail stores "offers the best buying experience and the best customer service on the planet." But maybe this animated and upbeat retailing concept isn't exactly in tune with the more Bergmanesque disposition of famously secular northerners.
The Apple Retail Store concept has been hugely successful, with a total of 83 million visitors between April and June this year, almost totalling one million visitors people per day during the quarter.


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The Spike Report is currently scheduled to cease publication in OJR at the end of this month. Please see last week's column (final item) for more information.
A Little Too Real
"On a cool night last summer, Todd Kessler and Jan Oxenberg -- both screenwriters -- found themselves in the middle of their own script," writes Michael M. Phillips in Tuesday's The Wall Street Journal.
Kessler and Oxenberg were out patrolling in East Los Angeles with two members of the LAPD gang unit as research for the CBS show "Robbery Homicide Division," says Phillips, when a suspected gang member opened fire with a semiautomatic pistol. In the shootout that followed, the man and officers exchanged 21 shots (all of which missed their targets) before one of the cops drove the patrol car into the shooter and then into a tree, mildly injuring one of the TV scribes. The gunman was subsequently arrested.
What was it like being in a gun battle? Oxenberg says she kept thinking how different the chaotic incident was from the scenes she writes for television. "When the bad guys shoot -- bang, bang, bang -- the police are supposed to hit them and kill them," she says. In a classic Hollywood twist, both police officers subsequently appeared on "Robbery Homicide Division," adds Phillips; one cop is now "thinking of joining the Screen Actors Guild and is mulling an idea for a screenplay."
The Daily Grunt
The conversation in some British homes has deteriorated into a "daily grunt," reports The Times of London.As many as half the children in some parts of Britain are entering school without the basic language skills they should have learned at home, writes education correspondent Glen Owen. Alan Wells, the director of the Government's Basic Skills Agency, traces the problem to a decline in family conversation, which he blames on television (of course) and increased working hours. "It's because of the children sitting in front of the television and the computer and the lack of time families spend having food together," Alan Wells told attendees of a recent education conference. "It clearly has an impact on their learning." The BBC's coverage of the story offers riveting photos of kids sitting around watching television.
In Other Language News ...
If you're sick of the phrases "must-see TV," "undisclosed, secret location" and "got game," you'll enjoy reading Lake Superior State University's list of Banished Words for 2003.
Michigan's smallest public college (enrollment: 3,000) has been issuing its annual roster of the English language's most overused, repetitive and just plain irritating words since 1976. This year's list of words, accompanied by caustic comments from contributors, makes for entertaining reading. Among the winners: "mental mistake" ("What mistake is not mental?"), "untimely death" ("Has anyone yet died a timely death?"), "material breach" and "peel-and-eat shrimp." "Do they think that, if the name did not contain instructions, we would peel-and-throw-on-floor?" asks one cantankerous linguist.
"The tongue-in-cheek Banishment List began as a publicity ploy for little-known LSSU," notes the school's surprisingly frank Web site. "In order to gain the most media coverage possible, the Banishment List is released each year on New Year's Day."
Short Takes
Coverage and Non-CoverageIndependent film site IndieWIRE offers extensive coverage of the Sundance Film Festival, while The Salt Lake Tribune hopes that some quotes from festival director Geoffrey Gilmore constitute an article.It's the Bellevue ReviewMichael Board chats with Danielle Ofri, a doctor and editor in chief of a literary journal based at New York's storied Bellevue Hospital, for New Scientist.Some People Called Him MauricePop critic Jon Pareles remembers Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees, in The New York Times.Baked, Mashed or Wafted?The snowflakes you see falling on television are probably potato flakes, writes Emily Nelson in The Wall Street Journal.Forever the King?Long-winded rock critic Greil Marcus ponders Elvis' legacy, in The Threepenny Review.The Hinge of HistoryWriter Joan Didion considers politics, patriotism and the absence of critical thought in American life since 9/11 in a lecture reprinted in The New York Review of Books.Ingmar and MeWoody Allen discusses his own fascination with the work of Ingmar Bergman, in The Independent.Sweet RevengeBritish actor Henry Goodman, booted from "The Producers" last year, gets a fine New York Times review for his role in a new staging of "Tartuffe."A Slip of the DungIt's hard to maintain contemporary art made with unusual materials, says Lorraine Adams in The Washington Post; Sylvia Hochfield covered the same subject last year in ARTnews.


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Welcome to Mayhem South East - Paintball Games
We operate 8 venues across: Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Berkshire, Hertfordshire & Essex, providing you some of the best game arenas and paintball sites in the UK. All our customers benefit from our great facilities and personal service as we aim to provide you with the best paintball/laser experiences possible.
We offer you a unique and unrivalled variety of action packed paintball games on our purpose built game maps which are all designed to give you and your group an amazing day out. Our venues are very popular with regular players and first time players as each site offers a brilliant environment for whichever level you are.
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Our very experienced team of marshals (Some being semi-professional players) will be there to ensure that everything runs smoothly & the games at all our paintball sites are played fairly and safely.
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I Hate It When That Happens
Every so often, you just have one of those weeks--like when you get zapped into the sky and spend five torturous days on an evil alien spacecraft. Travis Walton says he lived that week in November, 1975. He penned a book chronicling his abduction, then told all to the usual TV tabloids. Now, Walton has hit the big time in Paramount's movie Fire in the Sky, opening Mar. 12 and brazenly billed as "based on the true story."
Just how true? In one eerie scene, chalky-skinned E.T.-like creatures prod Travis with bizarre-looking instruments as he struggles to free himself from the jellylike substance that straps him to an operating table. "I just flipped out and became hysterical," Walton recalls in a chilling, exclusive interview with BUSINESS WEEK. Who wouldn't? But don't worry, there's a happy ending: Travis gets back safely. He goes on tour. And he makes a bundle from the movie deal.


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John Ratzenberger left Dancing With the Stars like a gentleman on Tuesday night – without complaint and with a lady on his arm.
The 60-year-old, silver-haired actor, who'd taken merciless teasing about his age all season, nodded and smiled quietly when he and partner Edyta Sliwinska were eliminated from the ABC dance competition.
Unlike his 1980's alter ego, the melancholy mailman Cliff Claven on TV's Cheers, Ratzenberger took his disappointing news without a beer chaser. Calling Sliwinska "a lovely lady who put up with me," he shook hands all around.
Everyone, including the judges, seemed sad to see Ratzenberger go. (In the audience's front row: retired Texas congressman Charlie Wilson, soon to be played by Tom Hanks in the movie Charlie Wilson's War with Julia Roberts.)
But there was no escaping the fact that Ratzenberger's scores hadn't been stellar in the last few rounds, while other competitors were surging ahead in the numbers game. Still, "He added a lot to the group," said Billy Ray Cyrus. "We'll miss him. He's a good sport."
Ratzenberger's last dance of the evening was that eternal wedding favorite, the bunny hop. And his next step? He said later, "Now I want to devote time to my charity, the Nuts, Bolts and Thingamajigs Foundation. We're trying to get kids involved with working with their hands, learning basic skills."
John Ratzenberger's Last Call on Dancing With the Stars


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Source: Reuters
quote: I view this as just a money grab, both from politicians getting "contributions" from competing companies, and from the EU to try and get some money out of another company.
quote: Your description of the situation sounds as if the EU is fining google just because they have a large market share.
quote: And the $5 billion mark, well, a big company deserves a big fine.
quote: That's more or less what the EU is trying to force, exposing multiple search engine options to the general public.


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August 4, 2013
Sun-Gazette's editorials, 7 Jan. "2011:" Citizens must become organized to help the police curb the violence, shootings and drug dealers from operating in the city....
Capricorn, do you think that addicts are able to support the criminal enterprise that supports the illegal drug market?
There's little doubt that much of our drug related crime is committed by addicts desperate for a fix, but I doubt if that's more than a small part of the market. I'd love to see the results of a study on that.
0 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Phil I agree, however, I don't think the recreational users are the ones robbing and stealing to get the money for their drugs. I feel if we can make dent in the addiction problem, it will also result in less crime and allow these folks to be productive citizens.
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There are two ways to eliminate the criminality associated with drugs: decriminalize their sale and usage or dry up the drug market. Drug addiction should be treated like any other disease. The drug market goes well beyond addicts and I would guess that the most money is made selling to "recreational" users. Drying up the market would require a zero tolerance for any kind of non-medical drug use.
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And what guarantee do we have that legalizing any drug won't make matters worse? Bill, you've pickled your brain on bong juice if you think this would be an easy sell!
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Criminal activity violates constitutional and individual rights also.
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All we did was criminalize drugs, we did not deter crime by doing that.
If you have crime in society and a society that wants crime punished, it will not matter what format of government you have, it will be a policing state.
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cayman - where did this happen? Just a few locations, please. capricorn, I agree. It's the only disease we treat with incarceration. I do not agree with complete legalization but medically maintained treatment of long term addictions is a really good idea. When severe addicts are maintained they can be productive. The first incorrect assumption is to believe all those who become addicted (and yes pain medications count) have no skills, no goals and no desire to work. Part of the problem is understanding the severity of addiction. most seem unable to do so until it is within a family or a friend.
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Erratum: Author's name is John Whitehead...
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Personally I have a huge problem with legalizing the much harder drugs that are infesting our neighborhoods and destroying people's lives. If they choose to decriminalize marijuana, I don't have a problem with that for personal use, because I don't believe the research supports that marijuana leads to violence or addiction. But to treat the harder drugs in the same manner, in my opinion, would be a huge mistake. I believe the problem lies with how they chose to fight this war on drugs. Countless money was spent throwing users in jail and very little money was spent treating the disease of addiction. Lessen the demand and the supply will suffer.
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...be aware and alert to this silent but ever increasing threat to our lives, liberty and the Constitution. This is happening in police departments, large and small, all across our country. The really disturbing thing is our military is supplying these "law enforcement" entities with the weapons that are used on us. I told you it's scary!!
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Anyone who fears for the life and future of our country should read the book by John Whitead entitled "A Government of Wolves". Talk about the fine hairs on the back of your neck standing erect by scary stories! This totally has to do with the fact that America is slowly, but surely, becoming a police state where the "no knock" forced entry has become commonplace..where the police break down your door at O-dark thirty without benefit of a warrant..where you are awakened from a deep state of sleep, feeling confused and, thinking a burglar is in your house, you reach for the weapon in your bedside drawer. Out of nowhere, a dozen heavily armed masked policemen appear... dressed in full body armor...and seeing your weapon and fearing for their lives fire 30 rounds into your body. Later, as it sometimes happens, they discover they have invaded the wrong house and wasted the wrong person. This is NOT fiction, people. It's happening in America at an alarming rate! Please
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Covers the definition of electron affinity and trends in electron affinity.
When a neutral atom acquires a electron, the change in energy is known as the electron affinity.
A study guide to help review the periodic trends (Atomic Radius, Ionization energy, Ionic Radii, Electronegativity, Electron Shielding, and Electron Affinity). This also includes Metallic and Nonmetallic Character.


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Stylish Placecard Holders
Place card holders are such a fun, easy way to add some personality to your table! If you're on the lookout for cute designs to dress up your wedding or an upcoming party, check out the Place Card Holders gallery at InStyleWeddings.com for lots of great ideas, including the adorable chair & anchor designs pictured above.
{photos by Kang Kim}
Comments 8
- June 17, 2008 by jennifer
- tags:
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- posted in:
- Party Decor Projects
1Lisa SAYS:
The beach chair is adorable! SO PERFECT for a backyard BEACH party!!
2Tracey SAYS:
I love the chairs! My daughter would want to use it in her dollhouse!
3happyathome SAYS:
This is a great find! Thank you for the post, I am going to suggest this to a friend who has a wedding this fall.
4holly hatam SAYS:
I LOVE the beach chair!
5TaraMetBlog SAYS:
They are so cute but when you have a 150 person wedding little things like this add up
6LauraLee SAYS:
The beach chairs are sooo cute! I was looking for summer place card ideas for my beach bridal shower and I found some beach chair and flip flop place card holders on Weddingish.com.
7Rakhi SAYS:
Great imagination
8Angela SAYS:
Great idea! I actually found a site that sells place card holders at amazing prices at http://www.placecardpalace.com . I just received my order for my wedding of their beach chair place card holders and they're GORGEOUS! Thanks for an interesting post.


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Personal Description:
What a brave woman! Mom was diagnosed when she was 53. She survived almost 3 years after that, passing away in January 2008. She fought an amazing fight. I like to think that she was giving researchers more information to develop a cure by participating in clinical trials. We cared for her at home until her passing, and we have missed her everyday since.
Last updated on: 09/19/2008
It's sopoky how clever some ppl are. Thanks!
Lyza Lyza – 06/02/2011
Such a deep anwser! GD&RVVF
Rosa Rosa – 06/02/2011
In awe of that awsenr! Really cool!
Ellie Ellie – 07/14/2011
Hello Mr & Mrs Adams!Congratulations on your wedding, it is the bgnnieing of a great journey together. You look beautifully happy and we send you all our love from the place where you got engaged!
Chirag Chirag – 09/03/2012


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Graduate Programs
How To Apply
To apply to the graduate programs in Philosophy one needs to:
- Complete an online application for admission to the graduate program, which includes three letters of reference (the referees whose email addresses you provide in your online application will automatically be directed to an online form to submit), and a processing fee of $90 CAD as instructed in the on-line application.
- Email the following supporting documents to firstname.lastname@example.com
- a letter or statement of intent briefly outlining your area(s) of interest and indicating which area or topic you hope to pursue for your thesis research.
- a sample of your written work on some topic in philosophy (an essay or term paper for a philosophy course would be appropriate).
- your CV (resume)
- official transcripts from all your post-secondary institutions (copies can be emailed while we await official transcripts).
- official test results of proof of English proficiency from applicants from non-English speaking countries (eg. TOEFL, IELTS), if required. Click here for details. (Copies can be emailed while we await official test results.)
Application Deadline: Applications are accepted at any time, but in order to maximize one's opportunities for funding, a complete application with all supporting documents should be received by February 1st.
Any questions regarding the application process, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mailing address for official documents:
Graduate Admissions
Department of Philosophy
University of Saskatchewan
9 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
All students may be considered for funding. Click here for funding details


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LANSING -- A Howell High School student who won a civil rights suit against his former teacher after saying his religion forbids him to "accept gays" lost his bid to recover attorney's fees on Wednesday.
Daniel Glowacki had appealed an order denying the fees after he won $1 in damages from his former teacher, Johnson McDowell, after alleging his civil rights were violated when McDowell ejected him from class and attempted to discipline him for the comment during a discussion over bullying.
The school district reversed the discipline, saying it violated district guidelines, and reprimanded McDowell. Glowacki and his mother filed suit against the district and McDowell, alleging his First Amendment rights were violated by the discipline.
A federal district court dismissed the case against the school district, but granted summary judgment against McDowell and awarded Glowacki the dollar. Glowacki then sought more than $116,000 in attorney fees and an additional $7,600 in court costs.
The judge denied the motion, saying the "reasonable fees" were zero, and that decision was upheld by a Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals panel on Wednesday, saying the lower court did not abuse its discretion in denying fees.
The appeals court said the fact that the school district reprimanded McDowell for his actions immediately, and that the claims against the district were dismissed made Glowacki's victory a technical one, and therefore did not warrant an award of fees.
"The Glowackis' emphasis on the school district—a losing proposition—further supports the notion that Daniel obtained minimal success," the unpublished decision states.
Brian Smith is the statewide education and courts reporter for MLive. Email him at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow him on Twitter or Facebook.


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Ski retail is looking up at last, thanks to plentiful snow in most resort communities.
This story first appeared in the January 30, 2008 issue of WWD. Subscribe Today.
As the SIA SnowSports Trade Show got under way Tuesday at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center in Las Vegas, skiwear companies and retailers were upbeat about the season following a tough time in the 2006-'07 season, when heat waves and late snows depressed sales nationwide. (For more on active sports brands, see page 15.)
Business has turned around for First Run in Stratton Mountain, Vt., according to retail buyer Cathy Messina. "We are going through record-breaking amounts of cold-weather gear," she said. "Spirit is up considerably. People are ready to buy because it's gotten cold. Christmas week is the week that makes us, but [in 2006] we lost Christmas week and you can never make it up."
Christmas week 2007 sales were up 76 percent over 2006, and the area has had a positive one-two punch of a great Christmas and a great Martin Luther King Jr. holiday weekend earlier this month.
Messina is doing particularly well with hats, gloves and long underwear, and for ski apparel, brands such as Burton, The North Face, Bogner, Marmot and Spyder are excelling. She always raises her open-to-buys by at least 3 percent — even after a season like last year's — and this year she is looking for bright colors, plaids and prints at SnowSports, which runs through Friday.
In Utah and Wyoming, snow also has been far better this season. At Cole Sport, in Park City, Utah, soft goods buyer Kathy Burke is "looking at a record year" after average sales there last season. "Snow hit hard right before the holidays and hasn't stopped since," Burke said. "We're very, very lucky."
Cole Sport sells European luxury lines such as Prada and Postcard, and the average jacket retails for $750.
Luxury resort ski shops Tommy Bowers Ski in Vail, Colo., and Performance Ski in Aspen, Colo., rarely suffer from weak snow years, and after Colorado's strong snow last year, the stores, both owned by husband-and-wife team Tom Bowers and Lee Keating, increased their open-to-buy by 10 percent. That's paid off so far this year, with more good snow, and the stores again plan to increase for next season.
"Since they've been keeping records in Aspen, it's the second biggest snow year of all time, and business is stronger for it," Keating said. "The Christmas crowd comes no matter what, but we are feeling an increase now in January, and I think we will continue for the rest of the season."
The stores' bestsellers include high-end lines Prada, Moncler and Matador; the average jacket retails for about $1,000. At ISPO in Munich, which began Sunday and ends today, Keating was looking for athletic looks in bright colors. "I'm so over sad colors," she said.
But, while ski stores based in resort communities selling luxury lines are thriving, mainstream-priced stores in local areas are sharing in the plight of retail as a whole.
Danzeisen & Quigley, a ski store in Cherry Hill, N.J., is still singing the retail blues, despite increased amounts of white. Last year, the store's sales fell a full 50 percent and, as a result, it cut this year's open-to-buys by the same amount. Even with better snow, women's sales this year held flat at last year's low levels. Danzeisen & Quigley had planned to return last year's unsold inventory to the floor this year, but immediately had to discount it.
"Women are paying the bills at home, so they will buy for themselves last and they will look for a sale," said buyer Gretchen Quigley, adding that she is holding her open-to-buys for next year flat at this year's lower level. At SIA SnowSports, she's looking for companies she can work with — for example, those that will take back unsold inventory. She also prefers companies that don't have their own e-commerce business.
"Ski retailing is changing before our eyes," Quigley said. "We've had snow in the areas, but retailing is changing so dramatically with people selling on the Internet at whatever price they feel like selling it at, it's making specialty retailing very difficult. For example, we sold a jacket yesterday, and then the customer came back because she found it on eBay for a quarter of the price. Manufacturers will sell anybody and everybody and then become a retailer, also, so we are in direct competition with them. We can't just be a showroom."


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Product Information
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Dixie 45PATH Pathways Wax Treated Paper Cold Cups, 3 oz, 100 per Pack
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Combi Shuttle (RF)
|Manufacturer / Model Name
|Combi Shuttle
|Model Number / Manufacture Date
|8035136 / Apr 15, 2013
|Harness Type
|Weight / Height
|up to 35lb / up to 33"
|Evaluation of Labels
|Evaluation of Instructions
The manual storage may be difficult to find. Overall illustration pictograms are not labeled for each method of installation.
|Securing the Child
The restraint was not set for the smallest possible occupant when it was removed from the packaging. The harness clip is not labeled to indicate its correct placement. There is no need to rethread the harness system to adjust for height initially; howev
|Installation Features
LATCH attachments have buttons to depress for removal.
|Overall Ease of Use Rating


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"Steroids" is the most complete and authoritative reference work in its field. It is an expansion and revision of "Natural Products Related to Phenanthrene," the third edition of which was published in 1949. Research on steroids has expanded and progressed with such rapidity that the sections on opium alkaloids and resin acids have been omitted. The literature of the entire steroid field is covered critically up to the beginning of 1959. The book is written to be readily comprehended by the novice and to provide the detailed information sought by the expert. Because of the depth and scope of this monumental work, it cannot give the novice a bird's-eye view of the entire steroid field. This is admirably done by the Klyne's concise "The Chemistry of the Steroids."
Although the book has been almost completely rewritten, the plan of the third edition has been largely followed: Investigations leading to the
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New York State of Mind, an Evening of Cabaret
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for New York State of Mind was Sunday February 7, 2010 / 8:00pm.
Currently at La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts
The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Live on Stage
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The venue was great as was the talent. A very entertaining evening at a low cost.
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First part of the show was a little slow but after intermission what a blast. Loved every minute of it. What great talent the artists had.
Upright Cabaret is the pre-eminent Los Angeles hot spot for the next generation of world-class entertainers. With celebrities in attendance, Upright Cabaret has become a hip and contemporary social swirl of young Broadway and Hollywood, performing with a level of excellence, authenticity and intimacy that brings the crowds back time after time. Upright Cabaret boasts one of the most extensive and diverse rosters of talent in the country. Broadway divas talented troubadours, cabaret legends, Hollywood notables, pop sensations and many future sensations have all found their way to the Upright stage. Upright Alumni include Adam Lambert ("American Idol"), Alan Cumming (Tony Award winner), Neil Patrick Harris ("How I Met Your Mother"), Paula Cole (Grammy Award winner), Hunter Parish ("Weeds") and Lea Salonga (Tony Award winner). Upright is taking their brand of new generation cabaret to La Mirada with the 'American Icon Series.' Four rising stars of stage and screen will pay homage to musical idols like Stevie Wonder, Dolly Parton, Joni Mitchell and Johnny Cash in a Cabaret Lounge created in the La Mirada Theatre lobby. Their soulful interpretations of American classics will change the way you think about cabaret.


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EWING — Becoming a 1,000-point scorer in high school basketball is a special accomplishment. Breaking your school's scoring record is even more special.
Doing both of those when you're barely old enough to drive? Well that's just special, and that's exactly what junior Trey Lowe did during the Ewing High School boys' basketball team's dominant 88-51 victory over Princeton Day School in the opening round of the Mercer County Tournament tonight.
Lowe seemingly effortlessly poured in 38 points against the Panthers, breaking Tom Berry's 30-year-old boys' basketball scoring record of 1,398 career points set in 1984.
"It's nice, a lot of hard work and effort put into it," the soft-spoken Lowe said. "But it's fun, it's nice."
Lowe's next target is the school's all-time overall scoring record, currently held by the class of 2002's Amber Oliver with 1,477 points. Lowe — who leads the CVC in scoring with 608 points — could potentially break that mark before the end of the MCT if the Blue Devils can keep winning.
Even with the individual accomplishments piling up, a solid team win was all that mattered to Lowe.
"I mean, it's nice," Lowe said about breaking the scoring record. "It's not important, but it's nice. I care more about the team rather than my accomplishments."
Lowe's coach, Shelly Dearden, had a little more to say about Lowe's performance and her experience coaching him.
"It's been a great honor to coach him," Dearden said. "I mean, a kid who works extremely hard to get everything that he has. It's because of his hard work, and his work ethic is unbelievable.
"He's the first one in the gym, the last one to leave, he comes in on off days. It doesn't matter, he's always working on his game, no matter what it is. So he deserves a lot of what he gets."
Even though Lowe still has the school's all-time mark in his sights in the near future, Ewing certainly won't be able to coast to the MCT final without contributions all-around.
"I think it's very important, it's good for us, confidence-wise," Dearden said of the big win. "It's very good all-around, especially if we play together as a team. We'll have some things that we need to work on, but it's definitely a good win for us."
Senior Brian Wilkins played Robin to Lowe's Batman last night, pouring in 20 points of his own and grabbing a game-high 13 rebounds.
"Brian, he's been stepping up a lot lately," Lowe said. "He's a senior, one of the leaders. He takes a lot on defense, charges and stuff. And on offense, he gets all of the garbage plays, and we need him for that, always."
Wilkins was a large part of the Blue Devils' effort to hustle and play strong defense from wire to wire after a tough loss to Allentown.
"We've been talking about it," Dearden said. "We're not hustling a lot lately, so the last couple practices we've been talking about hustling, loose balls. We lost to Allentown because we didn't do that, plain and simple. And we were focusing on that, and obviously it paid off for us tonight."
"I had to go after every ball, and hustle for everything," Wilkins said. "So it's in my own hands, really."
The Blue Devils now advance in a tournament that they're among the favorites to win, but Dearden doesn't want her team getting too comfortable.
"It's definitely an open tournament," Dearden said. "I know some people are predicting X, Y and Z, but you know what? You can never predict the Mercer County Tournament. You can never predict the state tournament either. You never know."
Ewing — Trey Lowe 10-5-3-38, Brian Wilkins 7-0-6-20, Colin Haynes 3-0-4-10, Eric Rowe 4-0-0-8, Justin Porter 2-1-0-7, Deon Hale 2-0-0-4, Howard Gammage 0-0-1-1, Kani Tye 0-0-0-0, Brandon Bartlett 0-0-0-0, Jervon Gregory 0-0-0-0, Rasaan Parker 0-0-0-0. Totals: 28-6-15-88.
PDS — Ford Schneider 6-0-2-14, Langston Glaude 6-0-0-12, Deante Cole 5-0-2-12, Chase Lewis 3-0-2-8, Dan Lee 1-0-0-2, Brandon Glover 0-0-2-2, Josiah Meekins 0-0-1-1, Jake Hall 0-0-0-0, Zack Banks 0-0-0-0. Totals: 21-0-9-51.
Ewing (20-3) 24 24 21 19—88
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W. Pa. man ID'd as industrial accident victim
GREENSBURG -- The coroner has released the name of a man crushed to death in an accident at a western Pennsylvania industrial park.
The Westmoreland County coroner said John Licina, 60, of Wilmerding, was crushed by 5,000-pound steel coils at the Hempfield Industrial Park on Monday morning.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and state police are investigating.


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THE interrelationship of thought and language is an extremely complex problem. The disciplines of psychiatry, psychology, philology, and philosophy have grappled with the issue for many years, but the results have yielded no generally accepted resolution of the issue. In surveying the literature, this paper will attempt to present in cursory form a summary of the findings of the different disciplines.
Psychologists and psychiatrists seem to group themselves around two poles of thought on the subject of thought and language. On one end of the continuum are those whose theories fit within the broad scope of the behaviorist school, which believes that thought is nothing more than subvocal speech.1 Holding this general view are people such as Piaget,2 Watson,1 Vigotsky,3 McCarthy,4 Oleron,5 Wells,6 Bruner,7 and Freud.8 Some experimental findings on transposition behavior, concept formation, and abstracting
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Indicate all relevant conflicts of interest of each author below, including all relevant financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including, but not limited to, employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speakers' bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. If all authors have none, check "No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests" in the box below. Please also indicate any funding received in support of this work. The information will be posted with your response.
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