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Author Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a new technology that is becoming increasingly important for studies of neurodegenerative disorders. A characteristic feature of all neurodegenerative diseases is "selective vulnerability." In each of the disorders, there is selective degeneration of particular types of neurons, with relative preservation of much of the rest of the brain. Familiar examples are the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease, the striking depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer disease, the selective atrophy of the caudate nucleus in Huntington disease, and the loss of spinal motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Closer examination reveals an even more fine-grained pattern of neuronal injury. For example, in Parkinson disease there is striking depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta, with very little injury to dopaminergic neurons located only a few millimeters away in the dorsal tier of the nucleus. In Huntington disease, there is an exquisite degree of selectivity among the different types of neurons found within the caudate and putamen, with striking depletion of the medium spiny projection neurons, especially those projecting to the globus pallidus, in contrast to preservation of the intermingled interneurons. These characteristic patterns of injury are evident even in genetically determined forms of neurodegenerative disease where the fundamental defect can be shown to be present in all neurons. Understanding the basis for these patterns of neuronal loss may provide important insight into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
Selective vulnerability creates difficult technical challenges for investigators attempting to apply modern molecular methods to the study of disease. Many of the current methods for analyzing DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins rely on homogenization and extraction of the chemical elements of interest. Until recently, most studies of this nature have relied on studies of anatomical regions at least several millimeters in size, and often much larger. These areas are large enough that they unavoidably encompass both affected and unaffected neuronal populations. They also include a large component of glial structures, which may have their own distinct role in and response to neurodegeneration. The data obtained by homogenization of such heterogeneous samples are often difficult to reconcile with alterations in the biology of specific populations of component cells. Researchers can use LCM as an accessible method for separating the different cell types present in a brain region, and are able to study the biology of homogeneous cell populations with specific characteristics.
Laser capture microdissection was developed at the National Cancer Institute for studies of the cellular components of systemic neoplasms.1 At present there are several types of LCM instrumentation commercially available for routine laboratory use. All of the instruments are capable of isolating populations of cells from histological tissue sections. The most widely used instrument is marketed by Arcturus Inc (Mountain View, Calif) and is a variant of the original method developed at the National Cancer Institute. This instrument uses an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film and an infrared laser to capture cells. Histological sections mounted on glass microscope slides are placed on the stage of an inverted microscope. A plastic cap topped with EVA film is placed so the film is in contact with the tissue. The cells of interest are identified through the microscope and the laser is used to melt the film overlying individual cells, resulting in adhesion of the cells to the film. A variety of other technical approaches to LCM have been developed. Some of these approaches require mounting the sections on plastic film and using a laser to cut away unwanted sample. Other techniques use the pressure generated by intense light to catapult cells out of a tissue section and into a receptacle.
An essential part of the design of an LCM experiment is determining how the collected cells will be identified. It is important to consider both specificity of the staining method as well as the effect the staining reagents may have on the properties of the cells. All of the LCM instruments provide optics for visualization of both fluorescent as well as opaque histological stains. For many types of examinations of the brain, simple histological stains such as methylene blue dye may be sufficient; however, cellular isolation depends on the ability of the operator to recognize anatomical landmarks and features. This approach is sufficient, for example, to isolate the melanized dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (Figure), or the motor neurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord. For other kinds of studies, immunohistochemical staining for specific neurochemical markers can be helpful. For example, a stain for choline acetyltransferase provides definite identification of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and a stain for nitric oxide synthase identifies interneurons in the caudate and putamen.2 Although specific immunohistochemical stains may provide important information about a specimen's specificity, they may introduce other problems. This is particularly evident in studies of RNA, which is very labile. The staining protocols used in pathological studies may call for incubating the tissue for hours in antibody solutions, which may result in complete degradation of the RNA present. It is possible to develop protocols for rapid immunohistochemical staining to circumvent this problem.
Isolation of melanized dopamine neurons from human substantia nigra pars compacta by laser capture microdissection. A, Neurons before dissection. B, The same section after removal of the neurons. C, Isolated neurons attached to the ethylene vinyl acetate film on the dissection cap.
In practice, the analysis of LCM specimens is considerably more challenging than their collection. At present, 3 distinct classes of biomolecules can be analyzed in LCM specimens: DNA, RNA, and proteins. Each of these requires distinct approaches to sample collection and markedly different sample sizes.
The most sensitive detection methods are for the study of DNA. This is largely the result of 2 factors: the relative stability of DNA under a variety of tissue storage and processing conditions, and the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction–based methods for DNA amplification. DNA analysis has been performed on both somatic genes encoded within the nucleus of neurons as well as on genes present in the mitochondrial genome. For example, it is possible to study the size of CAG repeat expansions in single neurons in disorders such as Huntington disease and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy.3 The extreme sensitivity of this method is demonstrated by the fact that a single neuron contains only one molecule of DNA with the expanded allele. Such studies prove that although the primary genetic defect is inherited, the genetic abnormality may be further modified in some neurons during development and adult life. Studies of mitochondrial DNA can detect the heteroplasmy that arises because each cell has several mitochondria, each of which may have different DNA defects.
The most frequent application of LCM is for studies of mRNA levels in individual cells. These studies are of great interest because they provide information about the synthetic activities of the cells. Two general kinds of analytic methods are used. To study the expression of individual genes, mRNA can be isolated, converted into DNA using a reverse transcriptase enzyme, and studied with quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. This approach can be used to study small numbers of neurons, even single cells in some cases; however, sample sizes generally range from 10 to 100 neurons. A broader view of cellular transcription activity can be obtained by gene array profiling using microarrays. This approach allows the simultaneous study of a very large number of genes, up to 65 000 using current methods. Array methods require amplification of the mRNA. Several approaches for this are available, but each may introduce artifacts that need careful controls. Sample sizes for gene array studies are typically 500 to 2000 neurons.
Direct analysis of proteins in LCM samples would be of great interest to researchers. It is clear that many regulatory steps in cell biology depend on post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation. In addition, mRNA levels in many cases are not directly correlated with the abundance of the encoded protein. A variety of proteomic techniques have recently been developed, including both automated gel electrophoresis as well as mass spectrometry. A major barrier to the application of these powerful techniques to LCM is the lack of a reliable method for protein amplification. In some cases, this problem has been circumvented by the use of very large sample sizes, typically 10 000 to 50 000 cells.4 This approach is impractical in the neurodegenerative disorders, where the number of cells constituting a homogeneous population is limited.
Although LCM is still a new technology, several studies have made use of this approach to draw interesting and novel conclusions. Laser capture microdissection has been employed both in direct studies of the human brain, as well as in animal models of neurological disease. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, LCM has been used to isolate motor neurons and demonstrate alterations in oxidative metabolism and proteosomal function.5 Several studies have made use of LCM to study the expression of viruses among different classes of neurons and glia, most notably human immunodeficiency virus.6 In rodent models, LCM has been used to isolate dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area, and study alterations in gene expression induced by cocaine administration.7 Laser capture microdissection has also been applied to gene array profiling of single neurons from the rat hippocampus, and for revealing distinct patterns of gene expression in neurons and interneurons.8 In our laboratory, we have applied LCM to studies of gene expression profiles in human dopamine neurons9 as well as rodent models of Huntington disease.10
Laser capture microdissection methods have been in development for more than a decade, but it is only recently that the technology used for LCM has reached a sufficient level of accuracy for widespread use in neurological disease. In the future, this powerful new tool will provide important insights into the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders and further explain the basis of selective vulnerability.
Correspondence: David G. Standaert, MD, PhD, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th St, CNY114-2004, Charlestown, MA 02129 (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: July 2, 2004.
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Did you know that over 90% of all clicks from Google, Yahoo, Bing and all other search engines go to the first 10 listings?
Stop letting your customers slip through your fingers and get in the game with our Advanced Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Package that is included with every Web Pro All-In-One Plan. Our Web Pro All-In-One Plan gives you everything you need to increase your traffic online, including all the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) you'll need.
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To order the Advanced Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Package, check out our Plans & Pricing to see how we can provide you with affordable Search Engine Optimization (SEO) that is perfectly suited for your business.

subset: commoncrawl


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First off, congratulations on your successes. Nice job!
Yeah, if you hate it, it's almost certainly not going to be something you're going to stick with for long.I just hate every second of it.
I'm right there with you. I get bored with every "routine" I've tried. Perhaps because it becomes such a predictable...well, routine. For the most part I'm not greatly motivated by my ability to increase my reps, the amount of weight I can lift, etc. I've done:So I think I've got the move slowly part down and the sprinting part down. It's just the LHT part that is really challenging me mentally.
Any suggestions, wisdom, hacks that have worked for others?
- Essentially random bouts of pushups and pullups for the better part of a year. Got bored.
- PB fitness for a couple months. Got bored.
- Simplefit for a couple months. Got bored.
- Some crafty perversion of Simplefit using a weighted backpack. Got sore joints, then got bored.
- Nothing for a couple months. Got weaker, and bored.
- Started up my random pushup/pullup routine again, this time with a weighted backpack. I'll probably get bored soon.
For me, the only thing that keeps me doing the whole LHT part is changing up the exercises when they get boring. That bothers me a bit. I wish I were satisfied with a particular routine and motivated by observed progress through that routine. But it's not so. Sadly, the only things that seem to motivate me to LHT lately are:
pride: "Crap, a couple months ago I could do almost 20 pullups, and now I can barely do 12!"
vanity: "I still look like a skinny SOB, maybe I can fix that."
health: A vague, yet persistent nagging in the back of my mind that working out will improve my health and longevity.
It's good that you're already doing the sprinting and Tai Chi. If you can keep that up and enjoy it, 2 out of 3 isn't bad. For LHT, I suggest trying to find a skill you're interested in (handstand pushups? planche pushups? muscle ups?), and let that motivate you to work harder. Or, just pick a routine and roll with it until it gets boring. Then tweak it it a bit, try a new one, or take a short break. You might find that you just need a lot of variety. One thing I do when I lack motivation to LHT is strap on a 50lb backpack and wear it around the house for a while. Run up and down stairs (carefully) with it on, cook with it, etc. Sometimes you gotta get creative.


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After a super-powered debut, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. suffered weaker ratings in its second episode. Walt Disney (NYSE: DIS ) investors shouldn't worry about the drop, says Fool contributor Tim Beyers in the following video interview with the Fool's Mike Finarelli.
Last Tuesday's episode drew 8.4 million viewers in an episode that featured a cameo from Samuel L. Jackson as S.H.I.E.L.D. director Nick Fury. Fans will remember him from last summer's The Avengers, among other Marvel movies.
Yet even with him the show's ratings fell 34% from its debut, no doubt thanks to the strength of CBS (NYSE: CBS ) hit NCIS. The Navy drama drew 19.3 million viewers. More important than the gulf, Tim says, is Jackson's on-air appearance, which suggests Disney is giving Marvel space to be, well, Marvel.
Tim expects fans to tune in so long as that remains true. And over the long term? What can Disney investors expect from Marvel and related properties in the years to come? Please watch the video to get Tim's full take, and then leave a comment to let us know where you stand.
Every super-powered show deserves a super-powered stock
There's no such thing as an invulnerable stock, but The Motley Fool's chief investment officer believes he's found one that gets close. Find out more in our new special report: "The Motley Fool's Top Stock for 2013." It's free for the asking -- just click here to start reading now.


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Portable multi-media oriented with itsQuad Core Sandy Bridge and Blu-ray player, the Samsung RC730-S05 is a17.3 inch laptop. It runs on Intel platform Huron River with a goodamount of RAM, a good storage space and an Nvidia DirectX 11technology coupled with Optimus.
This is particularly evident by thepresence of a Core i7-2670QM Sandy Bridge. With 4 cores, it allowsfaster treatment a Dual Core CPU in certain areas such asCPU-intensive image editing, 3D rendering or video editing, areaswhere the right amount of RAM 6 GB of onboard be well exploited. Theduo also delivers solid overall performance to meet a maximum ofusers including multitasking.
It also includes an optical drive thatcan handle Blu-Ray. But the fact is that to enjoy this type of mediain high definition, it should go through an external display Full HDvia HDMI. The screen of this laptop is indeed adopting standardfeatures with a treatment that brings out the brilliant colors butappears prone to glare and a 16:9 format well suited to videoplayback, but a definition of 1600 × 900 lower in Full HD.
Those looking for a great display spacewill therefore be disappointed. Note that despite all of 1600 × 900has an advantage over the HD playing games such as the higher theresolution, the higher the number of fps drop for a given game. Theconcessions to be less important in the resource-intensive 3D gameswith Geforce GT 540M, which can run quite a few titles if we acceptto reduce the levels of detail and / or screen resolution.
Nvidia Optimus technology is present,the GeForce GT 540M is requested only when necessary. The laptopworks because the maximum of the graphics Intel GMA 3000 HD processorSandy Bridge as it is more energy efficient and leads to greaterautonomy. Optimus evaluate real-time graphics needs for the tasksperformed by the user and automatically switch between the Intel GMAHD 3000 and Geforce GT 540M.


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Jayson Werth fled the Phillies for a big-money contract from the Washington Nationals in 2010, but its doubtful he left as fast as he was clocked over July 4th weekend.
The Nationals outfielder was pulled over for driving 105 miles per hour -- 50 miles over the posted speed limit -- and charged with reckless driving according to a New York Post report.
According to Larry Brown Sports, the Nationals are aware of the incident.
"The Washington Nationals have been in communication with right fielder Jayson Werth regarding this situation for multiple weeks," the team said in an email, according to Larry Brown Sports. "Jayson is cooperating with the authorities. As it is an ongoing legal matter, the team has no further comment."
Werth's court date (originally set for last Friday) has been postponed to November 12.
This season Werth is batting .279 with with 12 homers and 63 RBIs in 112 games.


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New to the world of bio-diesel
View Single Post
Rushmore X
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Rapid City SD
Posts: 3,601
Welcome to the forum! Lot's of people seem to be using veg-oil conversion kits or run WMO. I run biodiesel myself and have made about 1500 gallons so far without much issue. Running bio you just pour in the tank & go, no separate fuel system or any of that stuff. Only issues: cleans the crap out of your fuel system / keep extra filters. slight loss of power / I only really notice towing the boat up steep hills. Lose about 1 or 2 mpg on the highway, but at less than $1.25 a gallon, I'll deal with it... It also smells funny and runs quieter...
Trent - 2003 Excursion (Eddie Bauer) 4X4, 7.3, Hellvig antisway bar, 6637 intake mod, 4" MBRP w/ 5" tip, DP tuner, IH up-pipes, redhead steering box, 6.0 trans cooler, ISSPRO & Aeroforce gauges in A-pillar, Wicked Wheel, "Bullet Proof" Transmission rebuilt by Rapid Diesel, extra leaf spring added all around, more to follow!
Gone BIO!!!
2002 TDI New Beetle - also likes Bio.
Rushmore X
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EAST LANSING -- Michigan State got back to its winning ways at Breslin Center with a 78-48 win against North Florida after having lost its previous game there against North Carolina. The Spartans' lone loss this season greatly disappointed Izzo, whose teams have been dominant at home.
74 of 76
Michigan State has won 74 of its last 76 non-conference home games after routing North Florida. The impressive mark took a hit after the Tar Heels took it to the Spartans, but the Ospreys were easier targets for getting back on track.
Adreian Payne has been a 42 percent 3-point shooter over his past 30 games after going 1 for 2 against North Florida. He has averaged exactly one per game during that time, going 30-for-71 during that stretch.
The Spartans were actually out-scored 29-28 by North Florida during the second half of a 30-point win. Chalk some of that up to sloppy play down the stretch of a blowout, but Michigan State would like to play complete games even while battling injuries.
Michigan State missed 18 free throws against North Florida, irking Izzo after the issue came up earlier in the season. Five of those misses came from freshman big man Gavin Schilling, who said he had been working on that part of his game.
• Download the MSU basketball on MLive app for iPhone and Android
• Download the MSU football on MLive app for iPhone and Android
• Follow Diamond Leung and Mike Griffith on Twitter
• Like MLive's Michigan State Spartans Facebook page


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One ethnic stereotype is still not forbidden in public discussion.
It's the stereotype of Irish judges.
This week The Associated Press reported on a Michigan Court of Appeals race north of Jackson County, where one candidate is named Kelly.
"Kelly has an Irish surname that should give him an edge in the low-profile race," AP reported.
His opponent was quoted as saying she is "running scared" because Kelly "has a great name to run on."
Eight years ago, a Detroit News columnist described the power of Irish names in Michigan Supreme Court races.
"How do you think the seven-member bench at one point had three guys named Cavanaugh, Cavanagh and Kavanagh all looking for seats?" he asked.
Long-accepted political truth in Michigan holds that voters favor judges with Irish names.
Is this really true? Court-watchers in Jackson have good reason to doubt.
Jackson County had just one judge with a distinctly Irish-sounding name in 20 years. Charles Falahee Jr., whose father was also a judge, has a name that traces to County Limerick.
Other judges in Jackson County over the same 20 years were named Britton, Nelson, Wilson, Fleming, Grant, Beebe, Noble, Schmucker, Perlos, McBain, Justin, Hall, Filip, Klaeren, Crary, Walz (later Lefere), Mazur, Sill, Vandercook and Rappleye.
None of those names pops out like a Kelly or Fitzgerald. Jackson County might be expected to produce more Irish-sounding judges at random.
The stereotype cannot be dismissed, though, because it holds more true higher up Michigan's judicial branch.
Nine percent of Michigan residents claim Irish ancestry but five of 28 Court of Appeals judges (18 percent) are named Kelly, Cavanagh, Fitzgerald, Murphy and O'Connell.
Three of seven Supreme Court justices (43 percent) are named Kelly, Cavanagh and Corrigan.
If Jackson County is any gauge, names make little difference for hometown candidates known to voters. But maybe we do prefer Irish names when faced with unfamiliar candidates for higher judicial offices.
No evidence exists, of course, to suggest people of any particular ancestry actually make better judges.
But somehow this political rule survives even in an era when people get into trouble for complimentary stereotypes, like the coach who says black athletes are faster or the educator who suggests Asian students are smarter.
Maybe stereotypes die hardest when they help decide elections.


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To rock hard
to party hard
(from a GREAT song by bens folds)
to party hard
(from a GREAT song by bens folds)
"let me tell yall what its like being male middle class and white its a bitch if u dont believe listen up to my new cd sham on"~rockin the suburbs
od uživatele austinluver 31. březen 2005
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
Michael Jackson's way of saying "C'mon!".
You know I'm bad! I'm bad! You know it! You know it! You know! You know! You know! Shamon! And the whole world has to answer right now, so I'll tell you once again who's bad!
od uživatele Walter 02. červen 2004
A mispronunciation of the phrase "c'mon" originated by Michael Jackson in the song "Bad" and referenced in the Ben Folds' song "Rockin' the Suburbs".
Because Im bad, Im bad-sham on
(bad bad-really, really bad)
You know Im bad, Im bad-you know it
(bad bad-really, really bad)
(bad bad-really, really bad)
You know Im bad, Im bad-you know it
(bad bad-really, really bad)
od uživatele labelmonkey 14. červenec 2006
(v) to rock on; party
(origin: from ben fold's lyrics)
(origin: from ben fold's lyrics)
woo hoo! sham on everybody!!!
od uživatele tea 25. září 2004
Originating from Michael Jackson. Slang for 'Come On'.
I'm a bad motherfucker. Sha Mon! Hiiihi
od uživatele C to tha Rizzo 28. červen 2003
Term popularized by Michael Jackson in his tunes. Also very popular recently due to the Avid Merrion piss take of said artist
I am too good, Shamon motherfcker
od uživatele Seaneh 24. červen 2003
To leave a place or a person in a place
"Well guys, I must sham on"
od uživatele Linz 17. září 2004


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up caballero in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Caballero (plural: Caballeros), the Spanish word for "knight" or "gentleman", may also refer to:
- Caballero (surname), people with the surname Caballero
- Caballero, Apache chief
- Celestino Caballero, professional boxer from Panama
- Steve Caballero, a professional skateboarder from California
- Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay, a city
- Santiago de los Caballeros, a city in the Dominican Republic
- Caballero, Coclé, Panama
Art, entertainment, and media[edit]
- Los Caballeros Crew, breakdance group from Munich, Germany
Fictional characters[edit]
- El Caballero, a Seattle-based superhero associated with the Rain City Superhero Movement
- Guy Cabellero, a fictional character on the television series SCTV
- Yellow Caballero, a character in the Pokémon Adventures manga
- Don Caballero, an instrumental rock group from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The Hawthorne Caballeros Drum and Bugle Corps
- "Caballero" is the name of a 1981 album and a 1982 single from that album by the German disco group Arabesque
Printed works[edit]
- Cabellero (magazine), published in Mexico
- Caballero: A Historical Novel, an American novel by Jovita González and Eve Raleigh
Production studios[edit]
- Caballero Home Video, an American pornographic film studio
Brands and companies[edit]
- GMC Caballero, a car/truck hybrid, twin to the Chevrolet El Camino from 1978–1987
- Miguel Caballero (company), maker of bulletproof clothing
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Caballero.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


text:
On Sat, 06 Oct 2007 21:47:18 +0000, John King wrote:
> On Sat, 06 Oct 2007 22:43:35 +0100, spike1 wrote:
>> John King
did eloquently scribble:
>>> I just googled him and all I can say is that for his sake I would hope
>>> Roy Schestowitz is a nym and not his real name. Holy ****!
>>> Everything from homosexual behavior to sex with barnyard animals shows
>>> up as a hit under Google.
>>> It's really sad to see people like this posing as normal human beings.
>> Sorry I treated you as if you were a normal human being earlier... you
>> truly are a ****wit.
> ?????
> I don't understand???
Come off it. Blaming Roy for the filth and slanders posted about him by
vile trolls, and you 'don't understand'?


text:
Cervicogenic Headache Treatment
A cervicogenic headache is a type of problem that basically causes pain to the spine. It is caused due to the excessive stress, change in the lifestyle, weakness, injuries, insomnia, and certain injuries and traumas. Hormonal imbalance, especially in women also causes cervicogenic headache. Cervicogenic headache is diagnosed with the help of X-rays, CT scan or MRI scan.
Cervicogenic headache is mainly associated with the chronic pain in the head. If not treated on the early basis, it can lead to severe pain and inflammation in the head. The pain may occur in one side of the head or it may occur on both sides of the head. Usually women are prone to this type of headache. Common symptoms include tenderness of the cervical muscles as well as pain in the neck. Vomiting, nausea, head throbbing, lack of concentration, confusion, stiffness in the neck region, and sensitivity to sound and light are some of the other symptoms. So it is important to have cervicogenic headache treatment, as it can help to reduce pain, inflammation and swellings.
Treatment of cervicogenic headache
The treatment of cervicogenic headache depends upon its causes and symptoms.. Early treatment can lead to better result. There are certain treatments that can be performed in order to reduce the effect of cervicogenic headache.
- Medication- Medications involve a variety of anti-spasmotics that helps to reduce the effect of cervicogenic headache. Elavil and Zanaflex (tizanadine) are other types of drug which cures cervicogenic headache to certain extent. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen are used to reduce the inflammation of the neck. Over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen is also used to cure cervicogenic headache. These medications should be taken after consulting the doctor, as inappropriate dose might lead to several other complications.
- Chiropractic care- Chiropractor (a specialist for spine problem) checks the problem related to the spine and neck which is caused by injuries, traumas, or other types of health issues. This chiropractic care is very important to reduce the effect of cervicogenic headache..
- Trigger point injections- Trigger point therapy is performed in two phases. Firstly it is done with the use of dry needling where the needle in pricked at the back to break up abnormal knots of tissue and secondly a steroid injection is used on the affected area with the help of local anesthesia to reduce the excessive pain.
- Physical therapist care- It involves massage of the joints and muscle, strengthening of muscles, movement of the joints, and reduction of the frequent occurrence of headache. But it is important to visit a doctor before the start of these activities, as he may properly tell you how to perform it and how many times you should perform it on a daily basis.
- Muscle energy techniques- It is also referred as "Manual Therapy", in which the pain and pressure of the headache is manipulated. It is one of the safer treatments, as it does not contain any side effects with it.
- Cervical traction- It is the oldest method used for the treatment of cervicogenic headache. It is also used for other problem too. Traction is basically to stretch the muscle of the cervical spine. It is a temporary process to relief pain from headache. If cervical traction does not work, then patient should move for surgery.
- Exercises- Exercises such as yoga, meditation and certain other exercises can be performed to reduce the pain caused by cervicogenic headache. It also helps in the movement of the neck and the shoulder.
Cervicogenic headache treatments should be properly followed from time to time. Do not stop taking medicines or increase the dose if you are not getting benefit from that, or else visit your doctor and tell about your condition. Then he might change the dose or change the medicine according to the severity of the headache. Poor posture and improper diet can also trigger cervicogenic headache.


text:
Aux. Light Question
I decided to install two 500 HELLAFF lights to the front of my rig. They come with 55 Watt bulbs but I would like to put in 100 Watt bulbs. I will upgrade the wiring and switches and relays of course.
My question is if the two 100 Watt bulbs will be too much for the alternator and battery to take. I don't want to turn them on only to have all the other lights in the car dim because it's too much of a drain.
Thanks for your advice and info!
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text:
Jan 17, 2014
The Swiss bank worked on several notable deals in an otherwise quiet year, but it expects mergers and acquisitions to increase in 2014
Deals and fees both fell in 2013, driven by tough markets in
Brazil and a global environment where growth expectations were
mostly poor, talk of US monetary policy changes were making
markets nervous, and other international events added to
There were 1,665 M&A deals involving LatAm parties
announced between January and late November 2013. They were
worth $131.87 billion, according to Dealogic – down
from the same period in 2012, when $212.61 billion arose from
1,926 deals. Brazilian M&A fell to $73.39 billion from
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September 28-29, 2016 | New York, USA
The market for structured finance in Latin America is once again at the forefront as the buy-side ... more
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A new kind of watch company
The human time project was created to aid a need while selling a fashionable and rugged timepiece that anyone would be proud to wear at an affordable price.
In the winter of 2010, while visiting a relative at the World Bank, Gustavo Sainz met people dedicated to world health issues. Coming from a family that has worked in non profits, he knew that there's always the need for more help. The stories he heard of the conditions some rural clinics had to face were astonishing. Also another thing he found out that in the items that were lacking were watches for health workers. Having a watch company Gustavo immediately began to inquire.
According to data from the World Health Organization and Unicef around 800,000 people die a year in developing countries, including children, due to accidents and trauma. This fact is even more tragic when you factor in the account that these people will recur to an emergency clinic that lacks the necessities to save a life. A watch is a vital tool in first aid, not having one can sometimes mean the difference between life or death.
So after a year of research, finding the right manufacturing partners and knowledgeable people to bring this idea to life, The Human Time Project is now a reality.
And be able to give another?
Very simple, we sell directly to you.
Being a watch company we have access to the same factories that fashion brands use for their watches. Also we don't have to pay royalty fees, celebrity endorsements or saddle our products with extreme advertising costs.
Our watches, with a trendy label on them, would retail for $200 + in malls across the U.S.
By selling directly to you we make sure we can give you the best quality watch for the price and donate the same watch so it will stand the rigors of work in the field. We then leave just enough to keep our operation working. You win, we win and many, many others around the world win too!
Being both restless souls founder Gustavo Sainz and partner Ben Rodriguez decided that the Human Time Project was a good enough challenge to take on. Both have a zest for entrepreneurial endeavors and understand that social enterprise is the way of the future. Both are avid believers in committing to the environment and trying to bring reasonable solutions to everyday problems.
We would also like to mention an addition to our growing team. Derrick Hensman who is our new Ethics and Accountability consultant. His role is to organize and overview our donations, liaison with our donation partners and make sure we give in a sustainable way that it doesn't affect the social environment of these areas.
Gustavo Sainz
Owner of SAINZ Watch Co., Gustavo decided that he could help make a difference in creating the Human Time Project. Born in Uruguay, he's a native of Los Angeles and Orange counties. Gustavo is a Leo and enjoys cinema, quiet times reading and writing.
Ben Rodriguez
Is an entrepreneur, investor, producer and an all around good guy. A graduate of Pepperdine University's Bachelor of Arts program, he also studied in Florence, Italy, where he traveled all over Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. He has established himself as a leading consultant specializing in raising project funding and bringing strategic relationships from over 20 years of experience to HTP.
Ben is most passionate about impacting people's lives in a positive way and he finds The Human Time Project to be a great step in that direction.


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Horley Baptist Church: a vibrant Christian community.
Welcome to Horley Baptist Church! We are a group of Christians who seek to serve Jesus Christ in every aspect of our lives and bring his good news to everyone.
We would like to invite you to join us on a Sunday morning or evening for our worship services in our brand new premises in Court Lodge Road: just turn up as you are. We have groups for children and young people in the morning and there is plenty of space to relax over coffee and chat. Alternatively, you might like to come along to our Messy Church which meets on the first Monday of the month. We also have different groups meeting during the week for children, young people, older people and those with special needs. Please explore our website, come along to the new building and be nosey or drop in on a Sunday: you will be welcome.
We have an excellent range of Rooms for Hire and welcome your enquiries regarding these.


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|Back to Calendar » May 18, 2013 @ 8:00 am - 9:00 am
| Hanska City Park
|✔ Add to Calendar Add to Google Calendar
|Community Events
Join the Hanska Women of Today and the United Way of Brown County as they walk and run to help the Imagination Library and Youth Activities Scholarship Programs.
The Hanska "UFF DA Just for Fun Walk and Run" will be held on Saturday, May 18, at the Hanska City Park. Forms are available at the Hanska City Office or you can register the day of the race, starting at 8am.
There will also be a kids walk and fun at 10:30am and the Hanska City Park.


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Cubs finalize deal with Korean reliever Lim
(Photo by Junko Kimura/Getty Images)
The Cubs officially agreed to terms with Korean pitcher Chang-Yong Lim on Monday. The 36-year-old signed a minor league deal after spending five seasons in Japan and 12 years in Korea.
Lim joined the Yakult Swallows of Japan in 2008 and quickly became one of the league's more dominating closers. The right-hander recorded 28 or more saves in four straight seasons from 2008-11 and compiled a 2.09 ERA in the NPB. "Mister Zero," as he is nicknamed, missed most of 2012 with Tommy John surgery—the second such procedure of his career—and is not expected to pitch for the Cubs until 2014.
The sidearmer helped Korea win a bronze medal in the 2000 Olympics and a silver medal in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.


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Today is Monday, Dec. 14, the 348th day of 2009. There are 17 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Dec. 14, 1799, the first president of the United States, George Washington, died at his Mount Vernon, Va., home at age 67.
One year ago: An Iraqi journalist hurled each of his shoes at President George W. Bush during a news conference in Baghdad; Bush ducked the flying footwear as they whizzed past his head and landed against the wall behind him. (The shoe-thrower, Muntadhar al-Zeidi, ended up spending nine months in prison.)
Watercooler Talk
CLINTON, Iowa (AP) - A 34-year-old Florida woman plans to be a graduate and bride on the same day in Iowa. Tricia Giordano said she has always been the kind of person who loves to stay busy. She was scheduled to get her degree on Saturday afternoon at Ashford University in Clinton, Iowa. Shortly after that, she planned to head across campus to the chapel and swap her cap and gown for a wedding dress.
Giordano is from Tampa, Fla., and she said it would have been too difficult for her and her fiance, Rich Munsey, to get all the relatives from different states together. But the graduation in Iowa seemed to work for everyone.
The couple plans to move back to Florida.
Jazz musician Clark Terry is 89. Singer-actress Abbe Lane is 78. Actor Hal Williams is 71. Actress-singer Jane Birkin is 63. Actress Patty Duke is 63. Pop singer Joyce Vincent-Wilson (Tony Orlando and Dawn) is 63. Entertainment executive Michael Ovitz is 63. Actress Dee Wallace is 61. R&B singer Ronnie McNeir (The Four Tops) is 60. Rock musician Cliff Williams (AC/DC) is 60. Actor-comedian T.K. Carter is 53. Rock singer-musician Mike Scott (The Waterboys) is 51. Singer-musician Peter "Spider" Stacy (The Pogues) is 51. Actress Cynthia Gibb is 46. Actress Natascha McElhone is 40.
California lotto
Mega Millions
2-21-27-34-44 Mega: 45
Draw date: Friday, Dec. 11
Jackpot: $118 million
3-5-6-30-32 Mega: 17
Draw date: Saturday, Dec. 12
Jackpot: $41 million
Fantasy 5
Draw date: Sunday, Dec. 13
Daily 4
Draw date: Sunday, Dec. 13
Daily 3
Midday: 4-7-8
Evening: 9-8-0
Draw date: Sunday, Dec. 13
Daily Derby
1st: 02 Lucky Star
2nd: 05 California Classic
3rd: 11 Money Bags
Race time: 1:48:62
Draw date: Sunday, Dec. 13


text: Kevin Duffy: Siva-Smith backcourt outdo Napier-Boatright Back to Article Comments Need to Register? X Remember Me Forgot your password? Today's Deals Powered by SHOP NOWRollback Bike Deals at Walmart: Up to...WalmartPosted 4 days 14 hr ago SHOP NOWClearance Graphic T-Shirts at Walmart...WalmartPosted 2 days 14 hr ago SHOP NOWOzark Trail 30-oz. Stainless Steel...WalmartPosted 2 days 17 hr ago SHOP NOWOzark Trail Sun Wall for $10 + pickup...WalmartPosted 2 days 10 hr ago


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gender means 'type'. It is a word commonly used for a person's sex (male or female). When people use the word gender in this way, it is often because sex has many other meanings, making it easy to misunderstand.
In social sciences, there is a difference between 'sex' and 'gender':
- The word 'sex' describes the body. Sex organs and sex chromosomes show what sex someone is.
- The word 'gender' describes someone's personality or character. It says if someone feels or acts more like a female (feminine) or more like a male (masculine).


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|Thread Tools
I have 4 children and the older 2 are interested in having penpals. They are boys ages 9 and 6. If you're interested messaqe me!
I have one 9-year-old boy (second year of learning English) who would like to exchange postcards and/or letters in English with boys or girls from anywhere around the world. This could be a good way to teach him English through topics like introducing yourself, likes/dislikes, personal pronouns, tenses ets.
Send me a message if you're interested so we can exchange addresses!
hi i am 9 years old from worksop in england i like to play on my bike and ds with my brother my name is imogen will u be my panpal i have 1 dog and did have 1 cat but my cat made my brother ill so had to give her away do u have any pets if so what having fun with my friends but school is back soon i like school but we are moving house soon and it is a long way to school from my new houes
I know this is very popular...http://www.postcrossing.com/
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Come share your traditions as The Wild Geese Presents ... An Irish Christmas
If you haven't yet, please Join the Wild Geese - it's free and quick to sign up... and then you can participate in live chats, interactive discussions, and adding your voice to our lively articles!
Members: 18
Latest Activity: Feb 18, 2015
Started by Gerry Regan. Last reply by Bit Devine Jul 31, 2014. 13 Replies 3 Likes
Quixotically enough, we've begun our countdown to Christmas, inspired by fellow member and Irish…Continue
Started by ISLE magazine. Last reply by Ryan O'Rourke Jul 31, 2014. 2 Replies 2 Likes
We love buying Irish as much as possible at Christmas.Our latest blog post highlights a list of 10 Food and Drink Items we love.....there are plenty more though!…Continue
Started by Ryan O'Rourke Dec 5, 2013. 0 Replies 4 Likes
We have a dynamic collection of members' own special Irish Christmas recipes going here, and we're asking you to add some of your own favorites. Simply paste the recipe in a comment below, and we'll…Continue
Started by Gerry Regan Dec 2, 2013. 0 Replies 0 Likes
Whether it be an album of beloved Irish carols, delicacies such as fruit cake, or spirits or beer, or…Continue
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The medieval lost town of Newtown Jerpoint is just west of the Cistercian Jerpoint Abbey, near Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland in the grounds of the privately owned Jerpoint Park. St. Nicholas's Church and graveyard are in the town, where the earthly remains of St. Nicholas of Myra are said to buried.
St. Nicholas who inspired the legend of Santa Claus is believed to have been buried in Newtown Jerpoint some 800 years ago. The grave slab features a cleric with the heads of two knights behind each shoulder and is said to be St Nicholas and the heads, the two crusaders who, so the story goes, brought Nicholas' remains back to Ireland Evidence lends some possible credence to this tale as the Normans in Kilkenny were keen collectors of religious relics. And it is known that Norman knights participated in the Holy Land Crusades
From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Saint_Nicholas Image Fiddawn
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Yes, Chef Demo On The Today Show
By Marcus Samuelsson | June 26, 2012
In case you missed the Today Show segment with me cooking with Ann and Hoda and Kathie Lee, watch the video below. To purchase copies of "Yes, Chef", click here.
More about: The Today Show, Videos, yes chef


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Browse by Author "Twidale, Michael B."
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Twidale, Michael B.; Urban, Richard J. (2006-03-21)A report on the usability testing of the IMLS DCC collection registry web interface.
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Singh, Vandana; Twidale, Michael B.; Nichols, David M. (IEEE, 2009-01)A study was conducted across multiple open source software online technical help communities. This paper presents the types of discussions that occur, the types of questions that are given. The implications for ...
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Web Mash-ups and Patchwork Prototyping: User-driven technological innovation with Web 2.0 and Open Source Software Floyd, Ingbert R.; Jones, M. Cameron; Rathi, Dinesh; Twidale, Michael B. (IEEE, 2007-01)The recent emergence of web mash-ups and open source software is driving the development of new practices in software and systems development. In this paper we explore novel practices of user-driven innovation through an ...
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Jones, M. Cameron; Twidale, Michael B. (2005)In this position paper, we discuss the role of abstraction in designing for appropriation. We examine the ways in which varying the level of abstraction of tools affects the ability of users to appropriate them. We close ...
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Takazawa, Aiko; Twidale, Michael B. (ACM, 2013-02-23)In this paper, we share our preliminary analyses of a particular case of a self-organizing group that responded to the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami disaster in Japan. The way this group managed to send aid from ...
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Dix, Alan; Ormerod, Tom; Twidale, Michael B.; Sas, Corina; Gomes da Silva, Paula A.; McKnight, Lorna (2006)What would happen if we wrote an Abstract that was the exact opposite of what the paper described? This is a bad idea, but it makes us think more carefully than usual about properties of Abstracts. This paper describes ...
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Gruzd, Anatoliy; Twidale, Michael B. (2006)We consider ideas for a tighter integration of searching a digital library while writing a paper. A prototype system based on web services is described which allows us to explore the design space of ambient search tools ...
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Now showing items 38-44 of 44


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Candance McMaster of Candy and Cake Sugar Designs not only handmade the brilliant desserts, but dreamed up the purr-fect party for her daughter's second birthday! Ava's adorable Vintage Puppy and Kitten Party is filled with pretty doilies, charming animal faces (with cute little bows!) and dreamy floral patterns. Great job Candance!
PARTY HIGHLIGHTS to look out for:
– Tissue Pom Garland and Dainty Floral Backdrop
– Adorable Party Circles with Glitter & Tissue Fringe Embellishments
– Puppy and Kitten Face Scalloped Square Cookies
– Doily & Lace White Birthday Cake with a Fondant Rose Topper
– Berry Basket Favor Boxes with Glitter Clothespins & Custom Tags
PARTY DETAILS, as told by Candace…
My youngest daughter, Ava, turned two around a week ago and we celebrated with a puppy and kitten party since she is infatuated with puppies and kittens and thinks that they are live stuffed animals. It really is hilarious to watch and won't want to leave them whenever she gets a chance to meet one. So since we have been infusing her room with vintage kitten and puppy finds I thought why not have a vintage spin to it. A few months before the party I came across these vintage graphics and fell in love with them! They were perfect for the puppy and kitty theme!
Juli of Juli Labrecque Photography joined us to capture the days events.
I wanted a retro color scheme and carried it into the dessert table by including mini grasshopper pies, mini peach pies and peach cake pops. My printer decided to not work for me just before the party so I decided to, although it was my first time, to try painting the puppies and kitten images onto cookies. The bows had to be included because of the images that I loved all had little bows on each image. Also included were the liberty print chocolate covered oreos that you can purchase from me. Cupcake liners again I thought had a retro feel and found them at Sweet Estelle. Mini pom pom garland was courtesy of PomTree.
We borrowed my mom's vintage tea towels and large doily that was given to her from my grandmother and I thought was a perfect addition to the party.
We included some of Ava's favorite activities such as playdough, coloring and bubbles.
– Cake, desserts: Candy and Cake Sugar Designs
– Photography: Juli Labrecque Photography
– Florist: Blossoms
– Peach Party Straws & Twine: Buttercream Dreams
– Party Circles and Graphics: Hello Love Designs
– Baskets and Polka Dot Paper Straws: Sugar Fox Shop
– Tissue Pom Pom Garland: Pom Tree
– Cupcake Liners: Sweet Estelle
– Ava's Headband: Giddy Up and Grow
– Wooden Cutlery: Party Stock
– Honeycomb Balls: Devra Party Corp
– Party Plates & Napkins: Dollarama
– Favor containers and kitsch favors: Dollar Store
– Dessert Table Fabric: Fabricland
Comments 4
- October 14, 2013 by jennifer
- tags:
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- posted in:
- Parties for Girls
1@Wedding_Agent SAYS:
Vintage Puppy and Kitten Party http://t.co/EZx0zqag3P #weddings
2Chanel SAYS:
I am looking for the puppy images that you used and they show they are no longer available on etsy. Do you have any idea where I could still get them? By the way, I am in love with everything you did! So cute!


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Silence enveloped the Rutgers locker room after the slow trot off the court had been completed. There wasn't much to be said after a night like this, after a night when the Scarlet Knights had been thoroughly smacked around by West Virginia. The players expected head coach Mike Rice to come in breathing fire.
Instead, he was short, quick and stern.
"Nothing," Rice said about his message to the team after the loss. "It was a great message: 'Bring it in. I'll see you tomorrow at 11:30.' "
Blowouts like tonight's 85-64 romp by the Mountaineers at the Rutgers Athletic Center have happened before to this team. There have been nights when the plan veers off course, but this seemed so much worse. This was an across-the-board failure on both ends of the court. Pick any category in the stat sheet and Rutgers was looking up at West Virginia.
Defense? The Knights allowed West Virginia to shoot 56.8 percent from the field.
Free-throw shooting woes? Rutgers missed 13 of its 25 shots from the line.
Rebounding? The Knights were handled convincingly there, too — with a 34-25 West Virginia advantage.
Rutgers had 15 turnovers leading to 22 Mountaineer points, and a total of 31 personal fouls. There were poorly timed and poorly taken shots. And there is a laundry list of things to fix before the tipoff of its next game, Saturday night against eighth-ranked Connecticut.
"We just have to remain focused, remain positive," junior center Austin Johnson said afterward. "It's a rough game, but you have to congratulate West Virginia. They played hard. We just have to get better."
That was the gist of the players-only team meeting that was called after Rice had left the locker room. Rutgers (8-7, 0-2 Big East) has struggled at times this season, but not like tonight. West Virginia (11-4, 2-1 Big East) dropped the hammer on the Knights — and did it repeatedly.
"For the first four to eight minutes, it was tied somewhere in the early teens," Rice said. "We had missed four or five open layups that kind of deflated us. And then we certainly showed that we have a glass jaw, when they started making Big East plays. We've talked about it, the lack of a guy who shows any emotion or who's not going to let it happen to him on a night. They become very quiet and very passive."
Yes, freshman Eli Carter led the way again with 19 points, but it paled in comparison to the Mountaineers two senior stars. Point guard Darryl "Truck" Bryant had 29 points and forward Kevin Jones had a double-double with 14 points and 14 rebounds, as the Mountaineers had five players hit double-digits in scoring.
At times, Rutgers' problems could be pinpointed on the lack of senior leadership this season or the struggles of the freshmen and underclassmen. The absence of junior Dane Miller from the scoring column in the box score for the third time this season was again noticeable. Miller was 0-for-3 from the floor, the sixth time this season he has taken three or fewer shots in a game. But tonight, Rice seemed to indicate that this was a team-wide problem now.
"What's wrong with our team," Rice said when asked about Miller, "... I'm not talking about Dane right now. Our team gave up 57 percent (shooting) on the night, missed 13 free-throws, turned the ball over, had no unity. This is bigger than Dane. He certainly could help, but it's just the way it is."
That's part of the reason why Rice wasted no breath on yelling and screaming at his team afterward. His message was a simple one, because right now it has to be.
"I thought it was ugly, across the board," Rice said. "That's a hell of a description of what that game was. There was no urgency from any of them — offense, defense, free throws. So, it'll be interesting to see how we respond tomorrow and how we respond Saturday."
For more college hoops coverage, follow Brendan Prunty on Twitter at twitter.com/BrendanPrunty
Brendan Prunty: firstname.lastname@example.com


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- Table View
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Dear Mendl, Dear Reyzlby Alice Nakhimovsky Roberta Newman
At the turn of the 20th century, Jewish families scattered by migration could stay in touch only through letters. Jews in the Russian Empire and America wrote business letters, romantic letters, and emotionally intense family letters. But for many Jews who were unaccustomed to communicating their public and private thoughts in writing, correspondence was a challenge. How could they make sure their spelling was correct and they were organizing their thoughts properly? A popular solution was to consult brivnshtelers, Yiddish-language books of model letters. Dear Mendl, Dear Reyzl translates selections from these model-letter books and includes essays and annotations that illuminate their role as guides to a past culture.
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


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20% Off Spring Special*
Save on Brio Retractable Fly Screens
When you purchase new doors this spring, you will receive 20% off the price of a Brio retractable screen. Allow the breezes to flow without the insects.READ MORE
Design Inspiration
Thanks to our years of experience in the domestic renovation scene, Bifold Zone is now one of Australia's top suppliers of timber and aluminium household additions. Our bespoke designs cater to your specific space requirements and interior layout, allowing you to modify your home in an attractive yet functional manner.
If you are stuck for ideas, please have a look over the product range listed on our website. Our sliding doors and windows are perfect for any home entrance and front facade. We can create bespoke household additions in a variety of classic styles, including pivot, concertina and stacking models.
Of course, we make sure to cover every single detail from design to installation. Our wooden entrance structures and aluminium folding doors also come with complete structural warranties and engineering certificates. This should give you confidence in their superior construction and stability, as well as the skill of our team.
If you would like to find out more about our services, you can get in touch with our Brisbane representatives by phone or email. Those interested in fly screen doors, entry designs or any other bespoke product can also get a free quote by arranging an appointment through our website.
Additional Information: BSA (Building Services Authority) Member


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|-> Chapter 2 -> Disasters -> North America
Floods and climate change
During the 1960s and 1970s, more than 90 per cent of the natural disasters in the United States were the result of weather or climate extremes (Changnon and Easterling 2000). Flooding is natural and essential to the health of watersheds but floods can also be destructive and cause economic damage (see box bellow). In response to these events, the United States introduced the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the 1974 Disaster Relief Act. Many of the separate and fragmented responsibilities of parallel state and local level disaster programmes were merged in 1979 under the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 1999). In 1975, Canada introduced the Flood Damage Reduction Program (FDRP) and, in 1988, it established Emergency Preparedness Canada (EPC) (EC 2000). These programmes provided better flood mitigation, preparation, response and recovery measures.Evidence shows that deaths and damage from floods have increased sharply since the early 1970s (USGRP 2000). More people and their settlements are exposed tofloods because of population increase and concentration, and increasing affluence (Easterling and others 2000). A tendency to settle in flood-prone areas is also influenced by a perception that risk has been lowered by protective structures such as dams, dykes and diversions, and because of the availability of disaster relief (Brun and others 1997, Bruce and others 1999).
Structures that prevent rivers from flooding often provoke extremely damaging floods when water eventually overflows (see box below). In the 1990s, the United States, which is subject to more frequent and severe weather events than Canada, began to encourage non-structural approaches to flood prevention such as resettlement projects and wetland restoration. In Canada, settlement in flood-prone areas has been discouraged through mapping and the designation of more than 320 flood risk areas (EC 1998b). Canada established the Office of Critical Infrastructure and Emergency Preparedness (OCIPEP) in 2001 to develop and implement a more comprehensive approach to disaster prevention (OCIPEP 2001).
According to some climate change models, the magnitude, frequency and cost of extreme hydrological events in some regions of North America are forecast to increase (USGCRP 2000). Projected effects of climate change include changes in the El Niño. An uncommonly strong El Niño in 1997-98 is believed to account for heavy floods in Florida, California, some midwest states and parts of New England (Trenberth 1999). Where rainstorms intensify and flooding increases, there is greater potential for damage to lowlying settlements and dock and port facilities as well as for problems with water distribution and sewage systems that can have health implications (EC 1999a).
The International Joint Commission assists both governments in managing their shared waters. In a report on the 1997 Red River flooding, it cautioned that, given impending increased flooding due to climate change, a comprehensive, binational strategy should be developed and implemented (IJC 2000).
|Contact Us


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ESPN recently reported that the players and owners may agree on a proposal to increase the NFL salary cap to around $120 million. If this is the case, it is important to know exactly how far under the cap Indianapolis sits, as it has also been released that the tenders issued by the Colts to players who were formerly restricted free agents are no longer valid. Coltzilla just added a salary cap feature in order to help readers identify where the team stands financially.
Although Peyton Manning is currently on the books under an exclusive franchise tag, and is slated to make $23 million in 2011, Coltzilla predicts that Indianapolis will reach a permanent long-term contract with Manning shortly after the new collective bargaining agreement has been finalized. If no long-term agreement is reached, Indianapolis is set to have $14.5 million in cap space. If he does sign a new deal, the cap may increase by approximately $7-9 million — based upon the approximate $14.7 million yearly average of his 2004 deal (leaving $21.5-23.5 million in cap space).
In either case, the 2010 draft class salary was between $1.92-2.3 million against the cap for seven players (eight drafted). The 2011 draft class was smaller — only five total picks — so the cap hit will likely be lower than normal. Assuming $2-2.5 million a year for players like Antonio Johnson, Melvin Bullitt, Charlie Johnson, Clint Session, and Daniel Muir, the Colts should be able to retain all of their mid-level free agents even with Manning's franchise tag. They would not be able to sign both Adam Vinatieri and Joseph Addai though.
If Indy does reach a long-term deal with Manning it should be capable of retaining all of its priority free agents — and may be able to sign a mid-level outside free agent or two. Releasing big contracts from players who may be replaced and who have not earned their salary level like tackle Ryan Diem's $5.4 million, or cornerback Kelvin Hayden's $9.1 million would allow the team to pursue a marque external free agent — or two.
Although the following 2011 cap hits are only very loose predictions for priority Colts free agents, it could help Colts fans get an idea which player could be retained on the basis of the Colts current placement against the cap.
$2.9 Joseph Addai
$2.9 Adam Vinatieri
$2.5 Charlie Johnson
$2.3 Melvin Bullitt
$2.3 Antonio Johnson
$2.2 Daniel Muir
$1.5 Eric Foster
Total: $16.6
*All numbers in millions
While the above figures are arbitrary, they should loosely represent the kind of costs associated with retaining the key free agents from the 2010 Indianapolis Colts roster. It appears possible that all of the key free agents can be retained, while a mid-level free agent or two could fit under the cap as well. It also appears that unless high salary players like Diem or Hayden are released, it unlikely that meaningful free agent acquisitions will be possible.
At the end of the day, the increased salary cap helps the Colts in that it increases the likelihood that the nucleus of the team will be able to stay together via long-term contracts for key free agents. It is not big enough to give the Colts room to be major players in the free agent frenzy that will occur within the next couple of weeks without first cutting one of the highest paid members of the team.
Please feel free to discuss what moves you think the team should make in order to prepare for the 2011 season.


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The selection of Sen. Joseph Lieberman as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, while clearly a political tactic, has nevertheless managed to thrill most of us, Jewish Republicans as well as Democrats. Even those most at ease with their access to, and success within, mainstream non-Jewish America were affected ... and surprised by being so moved. Albert Gore's inspired choice, regardless of political motive(s), crossed a line that touched every one of us.
There are some among us who immediately fell back on old, well-defended responses: Lieberman as vp is "bad for the Jews." It gives us high visibility, they argued, and will only bring out the latent (as well as open) anti-Semitism in Americans. Indeed, no sooner had Lieberman's name been put forward than the chat rooms on the Internet were flooded with hate messages.
Those angry voices, however, are never stilled, and any event, real or imagined, serves as a pretext for unloading vile and disturbed feelings - against Jews, Blacks, gays, Catholics, Latinos, against almost any minority or perceived "outsider," and against the government itself. The irony is that, in today's America, the chat room men and women are the outsiders.
The other reservation, also misguided, is that Lieberman's candidacy will open the door for expressions of polite and genteel anti-Semitism from Americans within the establishment. It is no longer appropriate, or even acceptable, in most urban circles to "mouth off" against Jews. If nothing else, someone in the room may have a son or daughter married to someone who is Jewish. We are part of the larger society.
Still, there will always be anxiety for some Jews. The past does not suddenly disappear. Nor do memories or stories handed down from one generation to the next. There is recognition that a presidential campaign is a public event and that it may well give license to those who ever so civilly wish to push us aside, perceiving Jews to be a group trying to replace them and their offspring within the social and professional hierarchy.
All of these Jewish concerns may well be embedded in reality, may in fact contain a grain of truth, but they should not dampen our enthusiasm. American Jews in the year 2000 are part and parcel of these United States and are perceived to be so by those on the right and the left. For better or ill, we are insiders today. We enjoy acceptance, support and inclusion from non-Jews. And most of us are confident in who we are as Americans and as Jews, and proud enough of what we have achieved (for our nation) to stand up for ourselves.
A Political Choice
Political spins have an upside and a downside. The upside of Al Gore's vice presidential choice is that he has made a bold move that looks (and is) moral and decisive. He has redefined and extended our ethnic boundary lines, an act that touches Blacks and Latinos and Asians as well as Jews. By emphasizing Lieberman's religious background, choosing him in part because he is observant, rather than despite it, Gore has also staked out a claim for the high ground: God and family and strong cultural values. Politically it should play well in middle America, in the Bible Belt and among evangelical Christians, perhaps turning the tide for Gore in some of the Midwestern and Southern states. At least that is the hope. It is almost enough to raise the hackles of secular Jews whose first commandment often is the First Amendment.
Lieberman may also finally detach Vice President Gore from President Clinton. His politics seem genuinely grounded in his religious beliefs - in his commitment to moral values. The political aim is for Lieberman to deflect much of the Republican campaign, which looks as though it will emphasize social pieties, and which seems geared to run, in part, against Clinton.
The political downside could be that Lieberman is something of a maverick, a moral politician who often goes his own way. That way has been far more conservative than many Democratic groups like, and far more conservative than Al Gore himself. Lieberman has backed school vouchers to the approval of many in the Orthodox community but to the dismay of many other Jews, not to mention the teachers' unions. He has also come out against affirmative action (an issue supported by most Black Americans) and in support of world trade agreements, not high on the AFL-CIO's approval list.
But, then, Joseph Lieberman is the vice presidential candidate, the number-two man whose task it is to trail dutifully behind the man who selected him, to line up with the presidential contender on campaign issues. He is also a close personal friend of Albert Gore. All of these factors will come under the heading of political realities.
There is also a potential political gain from this most conventional politician's unconventional side. During an interview a year ago, he and I talked about the tendency of many Orthodox Jews to associate primarily, even exclusively, with other Jews. Well, of course, many of my close friends are Jewish, he said. But many are not. Every New Year's Eve, he indicated, he and his wife tried to get together with three of his oldest and closest friends and their wives. Lieberman and his wife were the only Jews among the four couples.He happened to be in Los Angeles the day I interviewed him to speak at a fundraiser. For which Jewish organization? I asked him. He flashed me a grin. For your speaker of the Assembly, Antonio Villaraigosa, he said. We're friends.
In one dramatic move, Al Gore has made the political campaign suddenly exciting. Certainly for America's Jews, but I suspect for the rest of the nation as well.
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JACKSON, MI – Even though the latest addition to the downtown Jammin' in Jackson concert series can't play a lick of music, it could be a major draw.
The Michigan Theatre, working with the Downtown Development Authority, has been granted permission from the Liquor Control Commission to sell beer and wine in Bucky Harris Park during Jammin' in Jackson concerts, which are from 5 to 7 p.m. the second and fourth Thursday of each month during June, July and August.
"When you bring in beer and wine, it attracts a larger audience," said Rebecca Rae, the assistant director of the Downtown Development Authority. "This could really grow the concert series."
The Michigan Theatre is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
The first concert of the season is slated for Thursday, June 13. It will feature Jackson blues and rock act the John Patrick Peters Band.
Subsequent concerts are scheduled for June 27, July 11 and 25 and August 8 and 22. The concerts are free to attend and are weather-permitting. They are sponsored by CP Federal Credit Union and the Arts and Cultural Alliance of Jackson County.
Bucky Harris Park is located at the northeast corner of W. Michigan Avenue and Jackson Street. For more information, visit jacksondda.org.


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Richard Misrach: A New Take on Beauty
Richard Misrach: A New Take on Beauty
Hey, don't get me wrong. I dig Ansel as much as the next guy. What's not to like? His images are immaculate. His use of light was exquisite. His technique was perfect. His subjects were beautiful. Man, his photographs are beautiful. But at their best, his photographs reveal a crisis of modernism. For the better part of a century, photographers had been honing their craft. Their mastery of tools and materials had been continuously evolving. The sensitivity, strength, and relevance of their gaze had also been getting better and better. Their unquestioned quest for beauty was loping along. Finally, in the work of Ansel Adams, it all came together. The technique was perfect. The subject was perfect. The beauty was perfect. All of the ingredients of the photographic ideal were singing in perfect harmony.Why, then, did his work leave many of us feeling so empty?
The Brighton Store, in an old log cabin, had the best carrot cake. The frosting was fantastic, sugary sweet with the bite of cream cheese. Finishing a backcountry ski tour with a piece of this cake was one of my fondest teenage rituals. One day I brought a girl with me to the store. Before I could get to it, she'd eaten all of the frosting off my carrot cake. I was devastated, but I played it cool. The flavor of the cake without the frosting surprised me. I mean, I'd eaten this stuff before, right? I was amazed by the subtlety and complexity of the spices, by the richness and the texture. These qualities had always been in there, so why hadn't I noticed them before? Could beauty be the problem? In the decades that followed, a fear of beauty emerged in the work of many photographers. Some embraced the rough, raw, inelegant style of the snapshot. Strangely enough, beauty was found in this aesthetic. Some embraced the matter-of-fact documentary style, but this language developed a strong aesthetic as well. Some tried to downplay formal beauty with politics while others attempted to reduce their work to the concept alone. Some photographers tried to enamor us with novelty while others tried to shock us.We had lost our innocence.We needed something intelligent and mature. We needed something that didn't run from beauty…or exploit it.
The first Richard Misrach photograph that I saw was a black and white picture of the desert at night. A scraggily plant, unnaturally cut from the darkness of its land by the pop of a flash, dominated the foreground while planets scratched their way through the hours of the sky. It never tried, not even for a moment, to fool me into thinking that it was about the beauty of the land. The land was important, but the beauty in this image was its own.
Over the years, Richard Misrach replaced his medium format camera with an eight by ten view camera. Turning from the black and white artificiality of flash at night to the more natural, but often surprising, colors of light during the day, he let the beauty of the land into his work. This was not, however, the seductive, escapist beauty of the calendar shot. His compositions are simple, often minimal. Although his photographs drip with the stark beauty of the desert, he never buys into the wilderness myth. This is the land as it is. This is the land as we have made it. An empty swimming pool, abandoned because of a flood, stands in an inland sea accidentally created by a water diversion project gone horribly wrong. Bombs and destroyed vehicles litter a high desert basin under the torn horizon of a distant mountain range. Visitors, who have come to the desert to play for the weekend, bring as much of the city as they can carry along with them. A dumpster breaks the horizon of the playa.
Political issues are seen in Richard Misrach's photographs, but they are not political. He often looks directly at ugliness, but his pictures are not ugly. There is beauty in these images, but not the stereotypical beauty of the idealized landscape. The sweetness of the frosting doesn't hide the rewards that come with the complexity underneath.Yeah, these pictures are not ashamed to be beautiful. Ugliness brings truth to the beauty in these photographs. They are complicated but not compromised. They resonate.
By David Baddley


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Philadelphia Magazine editor Tom McGrath and Robert Huber, author of the controversial "Being White in Philly" cover story, faced their critics at a forum Monday night at the National Constitution Center.
McGrath opened by saying he was sorry to anybody who was hurt by the article, because that was not his intent, but adding that he did not regret publishing the story in the March issue.
Magazine staffer: The only black person in the room
Mayor goes after Philadelphia Magazine over race article
Huber told the packed auditorium of about 200 people that the purpose of the article was to explore "how white people relate to black people in the inner city, or don't relate to them."


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Are functional strategies interdependent, or can they be formulated independently of other functions?
Solutions for Chapter 8
Are functional strategies interdependent, or can they be formulated independently of other functions?
Functional strategy can be defined as the approach taken by each functional unit in an organization to achieve the overall organizational goal. Their main goal is to maximize resource productivity within a particular business unit and thereby contribute in achieving the overall organizational objectives.
In an organization, there exists various functional units and there are several functional strategies associated with each functional unit. Some are marketing strategy, financial strategy, R&D strategy, human resource strategy, operations strategy, etc.
These units operate in co-ordination with each other to achieve the business or organization level strategies in an effective and efficient manner. They operate in conjunction rather than independently to achieve the desired goal.
If the functional strategies are not formed in an interdependent fashion, the company will move in multiple directions and eventually it will fail.
Having an efficient marketing strategy won't help a firm if it's not built in conjunction with the R&D strategy. If the R&D is not able to deliver a product of consumer's choice, it is impossible for the marketing department to sell those products to the consumers. Similarly, it is impossible for an R&D department to know the consumer preferences if they are not informed about it by the marketing department.
Therefore all the functional units in an organization should work in synchronization by formulating the functional strategies that are interdependent and support the overall organizational objective.


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In the center of the vault-like room is a brass pendulum, which swings back and forth every second. This is meant to symbolize our fight against time, as the brass base would naturally oxidize over time yet the polishing brush at the bottom of the pendulum keeps that process from occurring. Nearby stands two connected saxophones, which emit a sound every 15 minutes like a classic horological sentinel. "This is our town church bell," Trimarchi explains. A massive slate of round Carrera marble represents time as a circular motion. The handless clock is comprised of two concentric circles, and when the veins in the marble match up, one hour has passed by. An elegant fan clock in another part of the room expresses time as a repetitive pattern. Over the course of five minutes, the shade circumnavigating the brass center playfully unfolds and folds back up again as a reminder of our most common way of measuring time.
Formafantasma: From Then On, by Established & Sons
Photography by Established & Sons and Karen Day
The Barcelona show is something of an intervention, with a diagonal walkway slashing across the famously rectangular floor plan to set up a dialogue with the solitary existing sculpture in the Pavilion, Georg Kolbe's 'Alba (Dawn)', which stands on a small plinth in the smaller of the building's two reflecting pools. Veilhan has reinterpreted Kolbe's figure in four figures of descending scale, using different materials in a homage to Mies' simple, rich palette of glass, steel and marble. The pools have been partly built over, offering visitors new perspectives on spaces made iconic through photography, reproduction and imitation.
'My curatorial role was focused on researching together with Xavier Veilhan about the history of the pavilion, the characters and conditions that defined its design and how we could connect with that through our project,' Gonzalo Herrero Delicado explains. 'It was also important for the Barcelona installation to create a conversation with the rest of the exhibitions.' The architect oversaw all aspects of the project, from liaising with the MvdR Foundation to secure permissions to finding the local architects, MAIO, to build the final design.
Xavier Veilhan. Architectones, at The Mies van der Rohe Pavilion, Barcelona Spain
Photography by Florian Kleinefenn
"Flowers aren't just beautiful to show on tables," said Makoto Azuma, a 38-year-old artist based in Tokyo. His latest installation piece, if you could call it that, takes this statement to the extreme. Two botanical objects – "Shiki 1," a Japanese white pine bonsai suspended from a metal frame, and an untitled arrangement of orchids, hydrangeas, lilies and irises, among other blossoms – were launched into the stratosphere on Tuesday in Black Rock Desert outside Gerlach, Nevada, a site made famous for its hosting of the annual Burning Man festival. "I wanted to see the movement and beauty of plants and flowers suspended in space," Azuma explained that morning.
Exbiotanica, by Makoto Azuma, via: T Magazine
Read More: Water and Bonsai
"Mount Etna is a mine without miners – it is excavating itself to expose its raw materials." Studio Formafantasma, in collaboration with Gallery Libby Sellers, present 'De Natura Fossilium' – an investigation into the culture of lava in the Mount Etna and Stromboli regions of Sicily, two of the last active volcanoes in Europe.
Formafantasma questions the link between tradition and local culture and the relationship between objects and the idea of cultural heritage. De Natura Fossilium is a project that refuses to accept locality as touristic entertainment. Instead, the work of Formafantasma is a different expedition in which the landscape is not passively contemplated but restlessly sampled, melted, blown, woven, cast and milled. From the more familiar use of basalt stone to their extreme experiments with lava in the production of glass and the use of volcanic fibers for textile, Formafantasma's explorations and the resulting objects realise the full potential of the lava as a material for design.
'De Natura Fossilium', by Studio Formafantasma, for Gallery Libby Sellers, London, Photography by Luisa Zanzani
Richard Pare's fascination with modernist architecture shines through his vast collection of images taken over several decades. Living Laboratory will illustrate how he photographs buildings, taking care to reveal both their many subtleties and magnificent monumentality. Pare's perceptive point of view brings into play dramatic use of light, (always achieved with no supplemental lighting) as well as varied weather conditions and seasons.
To achieve his images he deploys a wide range of technical approaches, combining conventional film and a view camera with the latest advances in digital image making. These state-of-the-art aspects of his work serve to highlight the majesty of his subjects without in any way overwhelming the purposes of the undertaking. He is also attentive to the effects of the passage of time and changing social conditions on the works he chooses to portray. The absence of human beings, coupled with signs of wear and decay, including creeping vegetation and the lingering evidence of past eras, emphasise the impermanence of seemingly solid structures and their struggle for survival.
While Pare's work covers many subjects, Living Laboratory reveals his admiration for Le Corbusier and Konstantin Melnikov, two of the finest and earliest proponents of modernist principles in architecture.
Living Laboratory: Richard Pare on Le Corbusier and Konstantin Melnikov, March 21 – May 11, 2014, PM Gallery & House, London, United Kingdom
Photography by Richard Pare
Italian architect and illustrator Federico Babina has recently unveiled a new project, this time taking a look at the connection between architecture and the visual arts. Titled 'Archist', the project comprises a series of illustrations of imaginary buildings inspired by famous works of art. Beginning with the question: what would a house designed by Dalí or a museum by Miró look like, the resulting images demonstrate what Federico Babina believes is the "implicit partnership between Architecture and Art." They sometimes treat the facade as a canvas decorated with a well-known piece of art, while in other cases, they draw inspiration from the artist's overall output to create an inventive architectural composition. Quite interestingly, and probably unbeknownst to the artist himself, the project also shows how the visual arts world is just as male-dominated as the world of architecture, as only two women (Jeanne-Claude – Christo's partner – and Anne Truitt) made it onto Babina's list of 27 "most popular artists."
List of artists: Keith Haring, Sol LeWitt, Anish Kapoor, Salvador Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, Damien Hirst, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Donald Judd, Joan Miró, Mark Rothko, Gerhard Richter, Richard Serra, Piet Mondrian, Ernesto Neto, Ellsworth Kelly, Josef Albers, Antoni Tàpies, James Turell, Frank Stella, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Anne Truitt, Lucio Fontana, Tony Smith, Peter Halley, Kazimir Málevich.
Project Archist, by Federico Babina
Images © Federico Babina, via: Yatzer
Light Maps, by Bianca Chang
The Groninger Museum presents the first large-scale solo exhibition of the work of Jaime Hayon (Madrid, 1974). Hayon is one of the most acclaimed designers of his generation. His work consists of autonomous and applied projects, across various disciplines such as ceramics, wood, glass, textiles, product, furniture and interior design. This exhibition is a reflection of the past ten years, a period of intense creativity and growth, in which Hayon has increasingly developed his autonomous work.
Hayon was educated as an industrial designer in Madrid and Paris, and subsequently joined Fabrica, the communications research centre of the Italian clothing label Benetton, in 1997. Within a relatively short time he rose from being a simple student to head of department. In 2000, he started up his own company and made his debut in the art design world with the ceramic work Mediterranean Digital Baroque. The Groninger Museum has been following Jaime Hayon for quite some time. In 2009, the Museum purchased two large installations (Mediterranean Digital Baroque and Mon Cirque) and in 2010 he designed the Museum's new information centre. With commissions from all over the world and a host of renowned clients, Hayon is regarded as one of the most influential young designers of the present day. The exhibition includes the installations Mediterranean Digital Baroque and Mon Cirque as well as the now iconic Green Chicken and commissioned works for clients such as Baccarat and Lladro. American Chateau, the collaborative project he made with his partner artist, Nienke Klunder, is also featured in the exhibition.
A remarkable element of the exhibition is The Tournament: a unique work that consists of a life-size chess set made of turned wood and hand-painted ceramics, which the Groninger Museum managed to purchase recently. Hayon created this work in 2009, having been commissioned by the Design Festival London to do so; the work was inspired by the Battle of Trafalgar. This is the Dutch première of the artwork. The intention is to organize chess games at specified times. Jaime Hayon's work issues from an irresistible urge to create his own world. It occupies a central position between autonomous art and design, where amusing, fantastic and narrative elements are combined with a keen eye for detail and finishing. His signature is characterized by a stylized input in which diverse styles blend together. Making use of all these other elements, Hayon translates craftsmanship and traditional techniques into emotionally influential objects and interiors that invite the viewer to be a part of them.
Jaime Hayon: Funtastico, October 13, 2013 – March 30, 2014, at Groninger Museum, Netherlands, Photography © klunderbie, Jaime Hayon
For the month of contemporary art, Gallery S. Bensimon invites the Mexican sculptor Sebastian to present an exhibition of his work, convertible for children sculptures and bronze series "Quantum". The sculptor place in his creations mathematical laws or generally fundamental laws, including balance and strength. The exhibition will be an opportunity to discover parts which have been investigated both in formal terms, as color or material.
Sculpture, by Sebastian, October 24 – December 10 at Gallery S. Bensimon, 111 rue de Turenne 75003 Paris
Friedman Benda will present Paul Cocksedge: CAPTURE the British designer's inaugural solo exhibition, the works include Capture, a 5 ¼ ft (1.6 meter) hand-spun aluminum dome that appears to "hold" the peaceful glow of a warm white light. The piece is informed by a process of reduction–a recurring theme in Cocksedge's work–as it subtracts the typical infrastructure around light, instead creating a hemisphere that seems to stop light from escaping. For White Light, Cocksedge will create a room within the gallery in which everything and nothing changes. For this work, the designer will create an illuminated mosaic of precisely calibrated and positioned colored panels on the ceiling of the gallery. The ceiling will slowly fade from a spectrum of colors to a warm white light, while the room itself will remain unchanged, demonstrating the ways in which we do and do not perceive the interplay of color and light.
The inspiration for Poised comes from the elegance and amenability of paper. Half a ton in weight, the steel table appears improbable upon investigation. Created following an intensive series of calculations regarding gravity, mass, and equilibrium, the table looks as though it is about to fall, but is perfectly weighted and stable.
In addition to these new works, Cocksedge will present three architectural models that take conceptual threads from Capture and White Light and reapply them to architectural settings outside of the gallery space. Central to Cocksedge's work is an appreciation for the ways in which people respond to and interact with his designs. As a result, potential real world applications of these new works will be explored in a series of architectural models.
Paul Cocksedge: CAPTURE, September 12 – October 12, 2013, at Friedman Benda, New York