text:
- Part of Collection:
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- Subjects:Classroom Management, Independent Reading, Learning and Classroom Centers
A Virtual Peek Into My Classroom Library
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2, 3–5
A library is an essential part of any elementary classroom. To run an effective Reading Workshop, it is necessary to stock your classroom library with books of a variety of genres, topics, and levels. Teachers who use the workshop method know that readers need lots of books in a single year, as they are given time to read self-selected texts independently on a daily basis. For this reason, it's important to organize your classroom library in a way that allows students to easily find "just right" books that they are interested in reading.
Read on to watch a video about how I organize my classroom library and how I use it as a tool to help my students evaluate their own reading progress throughout the year. You will also find ideas for collecting more books for your own classroom library and additional photos of my library.
Take a Virtual Tour of My Classroom Library!
Using Colored Baskets to Organize My Books
Fiction picture books are stored in red baskets.
Chapter book series are kept in blue baskets.
Chapter books that are not part of a series are kept in yellow baskets.
Nonfiction texts are stored in green baskets.
Basket Labels
All baskets have a unique label that tells a reader what type of books they can find inside. The basket labels vary based on the section of the library in which the basket is located.
Nonfiction basket labels reveal the topic students will find inside.
Fiction picture book and chapter book labels reveal the basket's genre.
Chapter book series baskets reveal the name of the different series a reader will find inside.
How I Level My Books
I do not level my books just so that I can assign students a color code (level) and then make them read only at that level. I make certain that my students are involved in the process in every way. They read books from the classroom library and try to determine what levels seem "just right" for them. I meet with each student individually to decide upon a comfortable "just right" level (JR level) so that students can start choosing appropriate books that they can read independently. (Watch my library video above for more information about how this process works.) Once a student's JR level is determined, he or she can refer to the basket labels as a guide for finding books that are "just right" for them. As the school year progresses, students are constantly reevaluating what levels feel "just right" for them and reading trial books at a higher level before deciding to regularly read books at that level independently.
A color code sticker can be found on the back of every book.
Basket labels also indicate what color codes can be found inside.
The color codes in my library correspond to Fountas and Pinnell's guided reading levels.
I use Scholastic's Book Wizard to level my books. It provides a variety of levels including guided reading level, grade level equivalent, DRA level, lexile level, and interest level. A description of each book is also provided along with its genre, common themes, and topics you will find in the book. The Book Wizard also allows teachers to create, print, and even exchange book lists with other teachers. You can also use Book Wizard to help you find "just right" books for your students using the Book Alike feature.
Collecting More Books for Your Classroom Library
It's common knowledge that an effective classroom library has a large variety of books at many different levels, about many different topics, and of many different genres. That sounds great, but where can you get more books?
One of my favorite ways to collect additional library books is to ask my current students to donate books from home that they have already read. To provide them with an incentive, the donated books are given a special label with the child's name and the date that the book was donated. Students like to know that their book will forever be part of the Newingham library.
Another idea to consider is a read-a-thon. Students can collect pledges from family and friends for each book they read in a month (or a certain period of time). Students can count the books they read in class and at home. Not only are students motivated to read lots of books, but the money raised can go to the purchasing of new books for your classroom library. The kids then get to enjoy reading the books they earned for the class.
Find more ideas about how to collect books for your classroom library without breaking the bank!
Keeping Track of Your Books
Once I began collecting a good number of books, it became important to me that I had some sort of inventory of the books I own. This is helpful when choosing books to read aloud, when suggesting "just right" books for students, and for keeping track of all my books. Since I was using the computer to look up the levels of my books, it made sense to also add the book title, author, level, and library location to an Excel file that I could access when searching for a book.
I chose to print out my Excel library collection file as a sort of "card catalog" for students to use when looking for specific books or books by a specific author.
In the past couple of years, I have been using IntelliScanner with my book collection. An IntelliScanner is a device used to scan the barcodes on your classroom library books. The information is collected and stored on your computer. You can choose to add your own categories to the collected information as well. For example, once a book is added to my collection, I add categories for book level and library location.
Comments (174)
In the post (and in my classroom library video) you can see how I use labels on the back of the books that indicate where the book belongs in the library. The labels indicate the section of the library and the basket in which the book belongs. I dedicate multiple reading workshop mini-lessons at the beginning of the school year to teaching my students how my library is organized, how to properly return books to correct baskets, how to record books in the reading log, what the color codes mean, etc.
Thanks for posting!
I use self-adhesive floppy disk holders to display the labels on the library baskets. (Luckily I bought tons of them years ago because floppy disk holders are pretty much "extinct" at this point.)However, I have found that over the years they lose their stickiness. We have begun hot gluing them to the baskets to make sure they don't fall off.
Hi Beth, I love your website and awhile back I came across another teacher's website that had many wonderful ideas like yours! I believe at the time, that teacher's site was a link on your site. However, now when I look, I can't find any links to other sites on your page? Did you at one time have links, and if so, what were they? Maybe I had found it somewhere else....
Thanks again for your amazing work and wonderfully useful website!
Hi Beth, I am so impressed with your classroom library and have been following your website for a few years now. My biggest problem is that my students have a difficult time keeping the books in the correct baskets. How do you go about keeping the books organized? Thanks.
I LOVE your classroom website and have just discovered this blog as well. I'm wondering how you attach your labels to your bins. I use bins similar to what you use and either my labels come off, or I have to use so much tape it looks yucky. Yours seem to be just stuck in the middle!
I too have quite a few readers this year who need to keep more picture books than chapter books in their book boxes. Of course this means they will certainly need more books and will need to switch their books more often.
The book boxes I use are large enough to hold nearly any size picture books and are very sturdy. They are from Really Good Stuff. They are a little pricey. However, I bought mine years ago, and they are still in great shape. Here is a link to the product: http://www.reallygoodstuff.com/product_details.aspx?item_guid=89a797ab-9e61-4239-9643-007c4daa12fe
If you do not have enough books in your classroom, I would suggest checking out books from your school library or your local library for weeks at a time so that students are able to continue reading a variety of books at their "just right" level.
Hi Beth, In an earlier post, you mentioned having your students collect enough books in their book boxes for about 2 weeks to avoid their reading time being used just for selecting book. I'm a 3rd grade teacher with weak readers who are almost all still in picture books or very easy early chapter books despite it being January already. Any suggestions on what I could do for my students' book boxes? I foresee them taking a very large amount of books to sustain them over even a week's worth of reading time and though I have around 800 books, selection might become problematic. Also, what kind of boxes do they use? I'm worried that they wouldn't be large enough to accomodate their picture books. Thanks!
Ms. Jones, I am currently using Print Shop Deluxe Version 23. However, I believe that all of my templates and files I have posted in my website and on the blog can be opened with any version of Print Shop.
What version of Print Shop do you use to create your book basket labels?
Thanks for posting your thoughtful comments on the blog. I hope my posts will continue to provide you with useful ideas you can use in your classroom throughout the rest of the year!
I just want to thank you for a wonderful website. As a first year third grade teacher it's been super helpful. We are starting to order books for next year and I was wondering if you could give me 1-2 of your favorites for each genre? Thanks!
Mufridah and Jamie,
You both asked for feedback about Intelliscanner.
I purchased my Intelliscanner about 4 years ago. I immediately began cataloging all of my books. It is a wonderful tool because you can just scan the barcode on the book, and it automatically recognizes the author, publisher, title, and a variety of additional information depending on the book. It even finds a picture of the cover for many books.
However, there are some things that I did not like about it. First of all, the titles were not always like I wanted them to look. Since I wanted my books to be in alphabetical order, I didn't want book titles to begin with The, A, etc. When that happened, I had to edit the title. Also, when I originally kept track of my books in an Excel document, I always entered the title of a series book by listing the title of the series followed by the specific title of the book. That way kids could easily find all of the books I had in a particular series when looking up books in my Excel "Card Catalog." When using Intelliscanner, I found that I ended up having to edit the title way too often.
When using Excel, you can organize your book information anyway you like. For instance, if I want to know all of the books I have by a certain author, I could easily choose to reorganize my book list by author. This was not a feature in my version of Media Collector (the software that comes with the Intelliscanner).
Another problem with Intelliscanner/Media Collector is that every book is not in their database. When that happened, I just added the book myself. Many books did not have pictures for the title, so I ended up scanning them in because I wanted to have the book covers visible for every book when I printed out the pages. I do LOVE that feature! I also found it easy to add new categories like level, library location, etc.
I should point out that Intelliscanner has made many updates to their product and has increased their database since I purchased the product. I am guessing that many of the problems I ran into have been solved or at least improved.
I do think it will save you some time, but it is not as efficient as it may seem.
I hope my advice is somewhat helpful!
I clicked on the link for your IntelliScanner. I have been working all year at levelizing/cataloging and my books (I too, have several books). I have recently taken a break because I was begining to feel as though I would never finish. My goal was to have my personal books levelized and catagorized by the begining of next year so that my library will be more student friendly. I was wondering if you felt like the IntelliScanner was a big help. Would you recomend using it to make a catalog of your books or do you believe your previous catalog version is more kid friendly? Is it that the IntelliScanner does what you had already done by hand? Just curious, I would definetly prefer to use this technology if it can create a catalog like you had already done by hand.
Your classroom site and blogs have always impressed me and given me ideas that I can implement in my room.
Thank you for taking the time to answer my question, I appreciate it!
Hi Beth! Just wanted to say thank you for sharing your wonderful expertise esp. in the creation of your library in the classroom. I hope to explore your site more fully. Thank you so very much :)
Sorry Beth, I see your post above! My apologies!!
Hi Beth,
I apologize for revisiting this post, however, I have a quick question for you regarding how you level your books with the colors. I am in the process of levelling my books as they were previously just stored in genre, and taught the students extensively how to choose "just right" books. However, I am going to level them. Why have you chosen to used the color system versus the Fountas & Pinnell letter? How do you find this system works for you? Do you find students choose books at their level? What are your experiences with this. Thank you and Happy New Year!
When using Intelliscanner (with Media Collector software), there is a way to keep track of the books that students check out using the barcodes on the books. However, I do not use this feature. For that reason, I am not completely familiar with how laborious this task might be to implement in an elementary classroom. I'm sure you could email tech support on the intelliscanner website for more information.
Thanks for posting!
I love all of the "toys" of teaching--I think after the kids themselves, it's one of the many things I like most about my job, so I just wanted to write and say so many thanks for all the info about organizational gadgets that you put into your posts, and particularly ways to utilize computer technology & software. I am especially excited to figure out this IntelliScanner unit. Do you happen to have any feedback/advice about the item? I see on the website there are several different media collector options for purchase. Any thoughts would be highly appreciated.
Take care, and thanks again.
Cheers, Mufridah
I was wondering if there is a way to keep track of the books the kids check out with the intelliscanner? How do you keep track of that in your classroom library?
Daar Sir/ madam
How can i get a library Softwere , i am working as a librarian in a school in bangkok .
thanks shialesh
When I first started organizing my library, I did purchase my own "assembly required" bookshelves from various office supply stores. However, the bookshelves you now see in my classroom were provided by my district. Our district passed a bond issue a few years ago which provided each school with money for building improvements. Our teachers voted to use a chunk of that money to purchase bookshelves for each teacher since so many of us were organizing our classroom libraries at the time.
Hi Beth,
Did you purchase your bookshelves?
Maria and Elizabeth,
You both asked about the Excel template that I use to keep track of the books in my classroom libary. Here is a link to a page on my classroom website about library organization. There you will find a link to the Excel template I use.
I love your idea for the book spreadsheet! Would you be willing to share it so I have a format to start with? Thanks!
Hi Beth,
I LOVE your website, and it has given me a lot of great ideas since I was moved to third grade two weeks before school started. I used to teach all of the fifth grade math, so I am really putting in a lot of effort into researching how to teach reading. Needless to say, you have a lot of stuff that I have already used in my classroom. I have a question about how students check out their books. Do they sign them out somewhere? My students are signing them out but I must admit it is a pain to keep track of; however, I want to know that my books are being returned. How do you manage this part of the library?
Hi Beth,
Would you be able to send me the Excel form that you used for your organization? It would be great to have a template to work from.
Thank you!
Hi Nicole,
You asked about why I color code my books instead of just using the Fountas and Pinnell levels. When I first started leveling my library many years ago, I was teaching second grade and thought that using different colors would be better than using letters. It was my hope that color codes would be less obvious than actual letters. For example, if a student was reading a J, it was clearly lower than a P. However, I learned very quickly that no matter how you level your books, the students know the "order" of the levels and catch on to any system a teacher puts in place.
Still, I strongly believe that students should be reading "just right" texts. There is just too much research that shows that students who are reading too far below or above their reading levels will not make adequate progress. With that being said, it is more important for me to ensure "just right" reading than to just allow students to read whatever books they want to read with no attention to the difficulty level of the book. While I teach MANY lessons on choosing "just right" texts, my lower readers often still continue to read books that are just too challenging for them. In turn, they are not able to apply the strategies I am teaching them when reading these books independently. While I am aware of the stigma of levels, I am most concerned with my students' reading growth.
If you watch the video on my classroom library at the beginning of this post, I show how I really involve my students in determining their "just right" level. I do not simply assign students a level. They must also figure it out themselves. Making them part of the process helps them feel more in control of their reading and accepting of their "just right" level (whatever that may be).
I hope this helps answer your question!
Hi Beth,
I just have a question about the way that you level your books. Can you explain why you choose to 'color code' your books? I have seen other teachers who just level with the Fountas and Pinnell level... do you ever have issues in your classroom regarding students being anxious or embarrassed about the level they are reading? I would love more on your thoughts and opinions on this when you have time! Thanks!
I actually create most of the activities and games for my word study centers myself. I often get ideas from teacher resource books or online games and recreate them using Microsoft Word or Print Shop. I also think of favorite card games or board games (Go Fish, Uno, Sorry, Candyland, etc.) and try to change the game in a way that it can work for learning a specific spelling pattern.
Scholastic has some great resource books for center games. Here is a link to their teacher store: http://shop.scholastic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/StoreCatalogDisplay?URL=StoreCatalogDisplay&storeId=10001&store=TS&jspStoreDir=TeacherStore&src=BTB000000N0010100000&langId=-1&catalogId=10002
Hi: Would you be willing to share where you purchased or how you created the materials for the games and activities you use in your word study centers? Thanks so much!
Unfortunately, your challenges are ones that most teachers are probably facing on a daily basis (myself included).
I remember so well being a first year teacher and being so completely overwhelmed with everything I was being asked to do. It took me many years to really feel like I was doing a good job!
However, with all of your challenges (kids at so many different reading levels, kids being pulled out, etc.), a reading workshop is really the best approach to take. The great thing about reading workshop is that it allows you to differentiate your teaching to meet the needs of your very diverse learners.
I also have a huge range of reading levels in my classroom. I still teach a whole-class mini-lesson everyday, but then I meet with guided reading groups and strategy groups during individualized daily reading time (IDR) to meet the very specific needs of my readers. Remember that your higher readers need to be seen less than your struggling readers. Many teachers try to make sure they meet with each reader an equal number of times, but your low readers should be seen more often. Your higher readers will still grow if they take part in an effective mini-lesson each day and then get IDR time to practice the strategies you are teaching when reading their self-selected texts.
I also have many students who are pulled out for different services. I try to work closely with the teachers who pull them out because I want them to be aware of what I am teaching. This way they can connect my teaching to what they do when they work with my students. I often share with them my conferring notes and my notes I take when meeting with the kids in guided reading and strategy lessons so that they can really focus on the readers' weaknesses. You might also ask these teachers who pull the students out of your classroom if they can stay in your classroom on certain days to support the student within your reading workshop. It is nice for them to see how you teach so that they can observe how you deliver your lessons to the class.
I certainly do not have a "right" answer to all of your questions, but hopefully some of these suggestions will help!
Feel free to use anything from this post (including the video) as well as any pictures from my website in your presentation. It is exciting to know that teachers from Kuwait and Bangkok are also working on building classroom libraries for their students!
Good luck!
I am an international teacher and am so impressed with your wonderful classroom library. I am doing a presentation about classroom libraries, including a lot of information about leveling. I love your video and would love to include it at the end of my presentation. May I please have permission to do so? My presentation is for other teachers in my school in Kuwait, and possibly at a conference for international teachers in Bangkok.
Thanks so much for your work and I look forward to hearing from you soon!
Chereylene Gilbertson Fourth Grade Teacher American International School, Kuwait
Hi Beth, I am a first year teacher, and I am reading through all of the great stuff that you do. I am familiar with the workshop and how it works, but I am really struggling with how to get through all of our content combined with all of the students that are in and out of my room for different services. When I add in my couple of students who just don't read during independent time and the reading levels in my room which span D-Z, I get stuck. I am trying to make it work, but I was wondering if you might have any advice on where to start.
Thanks, Leigha
I dedicate multiple reading workshop mini-lessons at the beginning of the school year to teaching my students how my library is organized, how to properly return books to correct baskets, how to record books in the reading log, what the color codes mean, etc.
I also introduce each genre during my launching unit so that students can begin recording the genre code in their reading log. However, we study many of the genres separately and more thoroughly in different units of study throughout the year.
I hope I've anwswered your questions! Thanks for posting on the blog!
I am sorry that you are unable to download things from my website. I'm not sure what exactly files you can't open. However, I am suggesting you follow the directions below.
Instead of just clicking on the links to download the files, try right clicking on the hyperlinks. Then choose "save target as." Browse your computer to determine a location to save the files. Once you have them saved, open Print Shop. Once you are in Print Shop, open each file individually. Hopefully this will work!!
Hi Beth, I am so glad another staff member at my building recommended I take a look at your website...you are an incredibly devoted and inspiring teacher to all!!! With such an organized library, I was wondering how you go about introducing your students to your classroom library (how to find books, what the labels mean, etc.) and the proper way to use it? Also, do you introduce all the genres at the beginning of the year?
Please forgive me, my email address wasnt correct with my first post.8
I have tried everythng I know possible to download these files and I cannot get them to work. I would like to see and use the templates to create my own but I am finding it impossible to download even with Print Shop 23. Can you help point me in the right direction? Thanks so much!
You can download my Excel "library catalog" book list on the Classroom Library Organization section of my website. There is a link to it from the Teacher Resources page. You can just delete my books and use it as a template for your own library.
I hope this helps!
You can download a list of the books in the my classroom library on the Classroom Library Organization section of my website. You can access that page in the Teacher Resources section of my class website.
I just can't stop looking at your site. I am a literacy coach with Mpls public schools and this is the direction our district is moving. I watched your library video which is so helpful. I had a hard time finding 2 forms on your website that I would like to start using. One was the "choosing just right book sheet" and the other was the "Trial book evaluation form." Am I just missing it on your site?
Beth, I love your organizational system!! Is there any way you can share your list of books? I would love to see everything you have. Bethany
I was wondering if I could get a template of the excel sheet you used to organize your classroom library?
I am still in the process of entering all of my books into the Media Collector database. This is the software I use to catalog all of my books. I will post a link to my collection as soon as it is complete.
You can find an Excel file with a list of my books from a few years ago on my class website.
Good luck with your own library!
Hi All,
Would you please email me a copy of your book list. I am a newer teacher and would love a list to aspire my library towards.
Thanks for all your hard work!
Unfortunately there is no specific website where I find images of all the book covers I need when posting them on my theme charts. I just use Google images to find JPEG images of the book covers. I right click to copy the images of the book covers and then paste the images in Microsoft Word. Finally I print them out on cardstock and laminate them for use in future years.
In answer to your question about the labels on the back of my books, I put the name of the basket and the section of the library so that students can return the book to the correct location. However, some baskets in the library are named by a specific genre, so there are times when the actual genre does appear on the label.
When recording books on their reading log, the students must determine the genre based on their reading of the text. For this reason, I choose not to put the genre on every book. This makes my students have to think for themselves.
To answer your specific question about my fairy tale labels, my labels would say "fairy tales" (in reference to the basket), not traditional literature. The students must understand that a fairy tale is a type of traditional literature and then record the correct genre code on their reading log.
I hope I have answered your questions!
I love how you post book covers as visual reminders when teaching themes and when students are commenting on read-alouds. Is there one website where you can download all of the covers at once, or do you just make color copies of the books?
Your website is fantastic! I am so impressed with your class library! I can tell you are a skilled and highly effective teacher!


text:
Application ID: 12617
When a temperature gradient in a gas exists, suspended particles will tend to move from regions of high temperature to low. The force which produces this effect is called the thermophoretic force. Gas molecules colliding with a particle from the hot side have a higher velocity than the cold side, which results in a net force towards cold areas. This effect can be exploited to create thermal precipitators which can filter out undesirable particles from a feed gas. It can also be used in chemical vapor deposition, to inhibit the arrival of particle contaminants on the surface of a susceptor. This model simulates the size of a particle-free zone above a heated susceptor for different temperature gradients.
This model requires the Particle Tracing Module and the Heat Transfer Modules.
This application was built using the following:CFD Module Heat Transfer Module Particle Tracing Module
The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on the physics interfaces that define it. Particular physics interfaces may be common to several products (see the Specification Chart for more details). To determine the right combination of products for your project, you should evaluate all of your needs in light of each product's capabilities, consultation with the COMSOL Sales and Support teams, and the use of an evaluation license.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Looking out the bathroom window this morning, i semi-conciously thought there was the reflection of a CD in the window.
I thought, but why would a CD be suspended somewhere in the bathroom? Doy.
I looked at the "reflection" again, and found that the spiders outside must have been up really late to make 2 perfect discs!
No, I do not get out much. click to enlarge images. click the last photo twice for very large view.
Spider Disc
glad i'm not a fly
spider web poster
here's the spider:
i have 298 more photos let me know if need more....
perfect spider web
People who are never late for work just aren't paying attention!
here is a short video: 30 second youtube
OK UPDATE: I went out and found Spider Spinning a new web: here is a link to the videos: HERE
The spider weaves a sticky web
To capture bugs to eat.
What keeps the spider's sticky web
From sticking to her feet?
Spider webs are very tricky
Because not all the strands are sticky.
Unlike the passing hapless fly,
The spider knows which strands are dry.
But if she accidentally stands
Upon one of the sticky strands,
She still would not get stuck, you see--
Her oily body slides off free.
By : Amy Goldman Koss


text:
- Table View
- List View
Wong Kar-wai's Happy Togetherby Jeremy Tambling
Wong Kar-wai's controversial film, 'Happy Together,' was released in Hong Kong just before the handover of power in 1997. The film shows two Chinese gay men in Buenos Aires and reflects on Hong Kong's past and future by probing masculinity, aggression, identity, and homosexuality. It also gives a reading of Latin America, perhaps as an allegory of Hong Kong as another post-colonial society. Examining one single, memorable, and beautiful film, but placing it in the context of other films by Wong Kar-wai and other Hong Kong directors, this book illustrates the depth, as well as the spectacle and action, that characterizes Hong Kong cinema. Tambling investigates the possibility of seeing Happy Together in terms of 'national allegory', as Fredric Jameson suggests Third World texts should be seen. Alternatively, he emphasizes the fragmentary nature of the film by discussing both its images and its narrative in the light of Borges and Manuel Puig. He also looks at the film's relation to the American road movie and to the history of the tango. He poses questions how emotions are presented in the film (is this a 'nostalgia film'?); whether the masculinity in it should be seen negatively or as signs of a new hopefulness about Hong Kong's future; and whether the film indicates new ways of thinking of gender relationships or sexuality.
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


text:
By Rob Callaway
WASHINGTON TWP. — Although she's only a sophomore, Paije White is one of the seasoned veterans on the Washington Township High School jayvee girls basketball team.
White, who earned a bench spot on the team as a freshman last year, is now the starting point guard for the jayvee Minutemaids.
"I want to be at the varsity level eventually," White said. "I want to become a more complete player this year, with my shooting and passing the ball better. It was exciting to play (jayvee) last year. I was nervous at first, but eventually I got the hang of it."
Junior Gabby Heinkel is the other returning veteran, and she and White will be joined by five sophomores moving up from the freshmen squad — Jessica DiProspero, Aleeyah Carter, Shayla Smith, Erin Rafter and Lauren Eliasen. Two freshmen, Emily Wescott and Samantha DiClementi, round out the squad.
Although the 'Maids struggled in their season-opener against Shawnee on Dec. 16, they rebounded for a solid win over Pennsauken three days later.
"There are a lot of new players with only me and Paije back from last year," Heinkel said. "It will take time, but a lot of them have played together before so it's like two groups coming together. The first game was rough but the second game it came together. We're still learning and just trying to get better."
Carolyn Johns, a former standout player for the Minutemaids and daughter of Charlie Blank, a former head coach of Township's boys basketball team, is in her 13th year coaching in the program and sixth as jayvee coach.
Since this year's team is dominated by sophomores, Johns expects the learning process to continue throughout the season.
"For a lot of the girls, that first game was their first experience at the jayvee level and it's more intense, more physical," Johns said. "It's definitely a different environment. They learned a lot from that game and came back in their next game and played very well.
"A lot of the other teams have more juniors. With that one extra year at the jayvee level, they're more prepared and more experienced. We might struggle against some of those teams but these girls give 100 percent effort day in and day out, and I'm excited to see how they'll perform against some of the teams in our conference."
Johns is thrilled that some of her former jayvee players – senior Kaylyn Pellegrino, juniors Jordan Colna and Morgan Cosgrove, and sophomores Isabella Siravo and Jessica Monte - have made the jump to varsity, where they'll help Township defend its South Jersey Group IV championship this season.
"It's always nice to see our jayvee players play under me for a year and then make an impact at the varsity level," she said.
Last year, her jayvee team happily went along for the ride as the varsity Minutemaids made a magical run though the postseason, culminating with a stunning win over Cherry Hill East for the sectional title.
"They were such a support system for the varsity," Johns said. "It was so exciting and I'm so happy that our girls were part of that experience. It was a magical experience and I'm so glad they were there – from the first day of the playoffs to the day we beat Cherry Hill East – they were there for us and it made a huge difference."


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 542 this week
George Coe (1929–2015)
George Coe was born on May 10, 1929 in Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York, USA as George Julian Cohen. He was an actor and producer, known for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), Blind Date (1987) and The Entity (1982). He was married to Susan Allsopp Massaron. He died on July 18, 2015 in Santa Monica, California, USA. See full bio »
Died:(age 86) in Santa Monica, California, USA


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Virginia History
The Central Rappahannock Regional Library will host Civil War 150, a national traveling exhibition, on display at the library headquarters, 1201 Caroline Street, Fredericksburg, from Tuesday, November 27 to Sunday, December 16.
The library is inviting the public to an opening reception, Friday, November 30, at 5:30. National Park Service Chief Historian John Hennessy will briefly address the themes of the exhibit.
As part of the area's ongoing commemoration of the war's sesquicentennial, the library invites the community to view this major exhibit that explores "the war and its meaning through the words of those who lived it," to experience the battle through the eyes of major political figures, soldiers, families, and freedmen. Through reproductions of documents, photographs, and posters, the exhibition invites visitors to learn about events that took place during the war. By virtue of letters, personal accounts, and images, learn how people grappled with the end of slavery, the nature of democracy and citizenship, the human toll of civil war, and the role of a president in wartime.
Related Web Resources
The Civil War 150 exhibition planners recommend these titles for possible group discussions. Videos whose titles are linked may be found in the Central Rappahannock Regional Library. Please click on the title to begin the reserve process. Other videos on this list may be available through our interlibrary loan service.
Historical Documentaries
The Civil War 150 exhibition planners recommend these titles for possible book group discussions. Books whose titles are linked may be found in the Central Rappahannock Regional Library. Please click on the title to begin the reserve process. Other books may be available through our interlibrary loan service.
Causes behind the Civil War:
This interview airs beginning October 10.
Larry McIrvin explains the life of the Civil War soldier, both Union and Confederate, with uniforms, arms, and equipment and shares his experience as a Living Historian on CRRL Presents, a Central Rappahannock Regional Library production.
This interview airs beginning May 23.
In the fifth and final of a series on the expansion of the Fredericksburg Area Museum, Senior Vice President of Collections and Exhibitions Mary Helen Dellinger meets with Debby Klein to talk about the completion of this amazing project. We also take a peek at some of the new exhibit spaces on CRRL Presents, a Central Rappahannock Regional Library production.
The Seventeenth Child, by Dorothy Marie Rice & Lucille Mabel Walthall Payne, sets down the memories of a childhood lived in the countryside of 1930s Virginia by a black woman who grew up before the Civil Rights Movement made so many gains. These remembrances are plain, soft-spoken and ring true to an age that was certainly different from the one we know. In some ways, it was a harder time as in her earliest years even basic food was very hard to come by and the sharecropping system made it difficult for all farmers, black and white, to get ahead or even stay afloat during the bad harvest years.
But it was the warmth of family, faith, shared hardship and simple joys that made those days good as well as difficult. The children worked, not only because their help was needed but because it was understood that working was a good thing in and of itself. They helped pull and tend tobacco, can vegetables, sew quilts, raise chickens, and shell corn. Lucille Payne tells of how hard it was to earn money. How sometimes her mother might not be paid much more than fifty cents for a hard day's washing of filthy clothes in a dark and cold shed. Well, fifty cents and a hambone that might not be fit to eat without it being scrubbed, too, and sometimes not even then. But her mother said, "Well, you accept what they give you; next time it might be better."
It wasn't all about acceptance. Sometimes Lucille would see her mother spit in the water while she washed and she would ask her why she did that. "That helps to get them clean." But I know she was just so angry because she had to survive. When you have so many children you have to survive the best way you can. Likewise, when white children rode the bus to their segregated school, leaving the black children to walk and even calling them names, the black children got a bit of revenge…and a chance to be better than their so-called betters with an act of charity.
This interview airs beginning April 18.
Jane Conner has long been interested in the history of Stafford County and has spent many years uncovering its past and its people. As a former teacher she understands the importance of that past and shares her findings and her dedication to Stafford County's future in an interview with Debby Klein on CRRL Presents a Central Rappahannock Regional Library production.
This interview airs beginning Wednesday, March 28.
The Patawomeck Indians played an important role during the clash over the first Virginia settlement at Jamestown. Robert Green, the 21st century Patawomeck Chief, talks to Debby Klein about his work to preserve the rich lineage of his tribe on CRRL Presents, a Central Rappahannock Regional Library production.
When one thinks about the U.S. Civil War, or the War Between the States, one does not come up with images of food and recipes. Rather, it is the exact opposite: we think about hunger and even starvation. But the truth is, some of the most creative recipes are invented at times when the basic food elements are scarce.


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3D print rootcup!
Above was printed in biodegradable, corn derived resin - PLA, on Printrbot Simple Metal.
The models are available for download at Instructables: http://www.instructables.com/id/Rootcup/
Some great new stuff for you!!!
I've been busy the last eight months working on some new stuff for you. Today it's ready to share, please check out OPUS GARTEN and share with any friends who... Read more
It's been one year since BIGrootcup successfully funded, a very exciting 12 months. Now available in over 120 retail locations around the world, rootcup has been mentioned in Better Homes and Gardens... Read more
where to buy
rootcup is available in over 80 retail locations: http://rootcup.com/pages/where-to-buy
thank you kickstarter and BIGrootcup backers!
here are some ideas to get started with rootcup
grocery store:
- a bunch of green onions, put the bulbs right in the water, green out the top
- red beet (set the beet in the lid with the... Read more
BIGrootcup rewards are shipping now!
very happy to post that BIGrootcup rewards are shipping ahead of schedule : )
all rewards are expected to ship by Feb 8.
(US rewards should arrive by valentines... Read more
Happy New Year!
With 33 hours left for BIGrootcup on kickstarter, 300% of the funding goal is within reach.
BIGrootcup tooling and production is ahead of schedule, reward delivery will start from the... Read more
rootcup story published on treehugger!
"rootcup is a simple, yet elegant, solution to rooting plants" - treehugger
Its been a big week for rootcup... I'm grateful to have stumbled on a product that I believe... Read more
BIGrootcup is funded!
Thank you kickstarters
In 8 days the minimum funding has been met, BIGrootcup is going to be real and rewards will be filled. With your confidence and with the funding... Read more
would you like a rootcup t-shirt?
add $40 to any pledge to get a rootcup t-shirt, only available on kickstarter.
Comfortable, casual and loose fitting. Made from 6.0 oz, pre-shrunk 100% cotton. Double-needle stitched bottom and... Read more
a NEW limited quantity award is now available
In response to your requests for a larger award, with international shipping, a new award is now available:
Two hand made cedar trays, eight rootcups and two BIGrootcups, all in... Read more
which reward is the best value?
So far, the $25 reward is most popular, here's a photo of what it will look like. The BIGrootcup shown in the photo is a paper and clay model,... Read more
AMAZING OPENING WEEKEND, over 65% funded
At the current rate, BIGrootcup will exceed the funding target many times over... You rock.


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Veritas Vision – Dashboards for Retail
Veritas Vision for Retail is a next generation Dashboard solution for Retailers. The UK Retail market is set to increase in size by 15% over the next 5 years, taking its value to just over £312bn. However, this represents a slowing down of annual growth and with operating costs and the cost of credit due to rise, the retail sector faces challenging times. The credit crunch and rising global cost inflation have added a new dimension to the already challenging environment UK retailers face.
Retailers store huge amounts of transaction, buying, stock, performance and customer data. These are often stored in separate database across the service provider.
Data is often locked in various systems across the organisation and can be very frustrating, expensive and time consuming to access, collect and collate.
It is crucial for a Retailer to be able to view and analyse this data and key company and performance KPI's / balanced scorecards in real-time to stay competitive and ahead of the competition.
Veritas Vision for Retail automatically pulls all of this disparate data together and presents it in an easy to understand visual way, delivering a truly holistic view of the company, its operations and customers.
Veritas Vision for Retail provides company, operations, revenue, stock, trading and customer information to the right people at the right time. It enables your organisation, at a glance, to visualise key performance, trends and risks early with unparalleled functionality; it takes Business Intelligence and offers you intelligent business.
KPI's could include sales per hour; average sale per customer; gross margin per line/store; anticipation stock levels; waste levels; estate management; actual vs. forecast revenues; re-order point (ROP's); refund/returns rate; footfall rates; stock loss and many more. All the data required to ensure your company minimises risk and maximises opportunities.
Veritas Vision for Retail is the business tool that delivers real-time analytics in the format senior staff and management want. It delivers high level summaries, with the ability to simply drill-down to whatever level your data supports.
Touch Screen Technology
Veritas Vision allows users to navigate information using just their fingertips through touch screen technology.
Dashboards can be exported into PowerPoint® to make impressive presentations and Windows® Gadgets can be created to display information directly on computer desktops for real-time monitoring. Veritas Vision empowers collaboration, providing users the tools to annotate and discuss dashboard pages in a transparent and accountable manner.Veritas Vision provides an easy-to-learn design environment and a simple top-down design method. Quick implementation is a key feature and altering / re-deploying dashboard pages is as simple as a few clicks, simply drag and drop. Its user friendly and attractive user interface will increase uptake and reinforce a culture of performance management.Veritas Vision includes geographical analysis with extensible colour coded mapping and Google and Bing map integration to place 'facts on the ground'.Compared with other BI solutions, Veritas Vision gives users more flexibility and involvement in the development process, allowing for targeted solutions and more efficient reporting.
Live in 5
BI solution often take months, if not years to implement….
Not Veritas Vision. We have our clients up and running with a Dashboard that delivers real value in just 5 days. We'll have you 'Live in 5'.
Veritas Vision can retrieve data from many sources, including Microsoft® SQL Server® DB, OLAP Cubes, Oracle®, IBM® Informix®, TeraData®, DB2/400®, Excel® Files, Xml Files or through Web Services. Information from any and all of these sources can be integrated into one single dashboard.
Click here to download a PDF brochure
To book an online demonstration of Veritas Vision and see how easy it is to create custom dashboards that will deliver real business value to your organisation, please call please call us on +44 (0) 1256 692480 or complete the following contact form.


text: Its been a year.. a whole 365 day period of not blogging or documenting or doing anything particularly creative that i feel proud of. This last month has seen my life move in a whole new direction and though the ground beneath my feet feels slightly uneven now, a change needed to be made. Its scary jumping out of the boat… that initial rush of adrenaline you get knowing you've made a difference in your daily routine to the feelings of anxiety about whether it's the right thing to of done, if you can swim to safety. I'm hoping by taking this plunge into unchartered waters that i'll start to find new opportunities, new motivation and most importantly inspiration.


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The renovated Gaillard Center opens in April 2015, but already a whole new arts organization with a grand mission has been set up in Charleston, and its early efforts are setting the stage for the future - and ruffling a few feathers.
Board members
The Gaillard Management Corporation was established to manage the operations, bookings and related administrative functions of the performance and exhibition halls and related facilities of the new Gaillard Center, scheduled to open in April 2015.
Members of the board appointed by Charleston City Council:
Jonathan Green, artist
Martha Rivers Ingram, chairman emerita of the board of directors of Ingram Industries Inc.
Harry Lesesne, executive director of the Charleston Parks Conservancy
Catherine Marino, educator
William A. Moody Jr., certified public accountant
Keith Waring, owner of Charlestowne Associates
Members appointed by the Gaillard Performance Hall Foundation:
Renee Dobbins Anderson, former associate dean of UNC-Chapel Hill's Kenan-Flagler Business School
John Chalsty, former chairman of Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette
Luther Cochrane, retired chairman and CEO of BE&K (now KBR) Building Group Inc.
Christopher B. Fraser, president of Avison Young
David Ginn, president and CEO of the Charleston Regional Development Alliance
Joseph P. Riley Jr., mayor of Charleston
Charles S. Way Jr., chairman of the board of The Beach Company
Members appointed by the Charleston Area Convention and Visitors Bureau:
Nella Gray Barkley, president and co-founder of Crystal-Barkley Corporation
Helen Hill, executive director of the Charleston Area Convention & Visitors Bureau
Charles Patrick, attorney
The Gaillard used to be a utilitarian municipal auditorium that sat about 2,700. Opened in 1968, it was a cavernous, institutional space with mediocre acoustics.
But it quickly became an essential venue, indeed, the primary performance space in Charleston, hosting the Charleston Symphony Orchestra, Charleston Ballet Theatre (now defunct), Charleston Concert Association presentations and the bigger productions and concerts organized by Spoleto Festival USA.
Spoleto Festival General Director Nigel Redden often has said that without the Gaillard, the multidiscipline spring arts extravaganza probably would not have landed in the Holy City in the first place.
"It served its purpose," Redden has said.
Last year, demolition of the Gaillard got underway, leaving but a skeleton of the original structure for contractors to work with. The auditorium is being transformed into a proper horseshoe-shaped, 1,700-seat concert hall; the exhibition space is being upgraded to make an 18,000-square-foot space divisible and better served by up-to-date facilities.
The project costs $142 million. Half of the money comes from public sources (a general obligations bond, tax increment financing, accommodations tax and New Market Tax Credits), and half comes from private donors (the private fundraising effort, kickstarted by a $20 million gift, is still underway).
The building itself has stirred some debate: Should this capital project be a top priority for the city? Is this the best use of such a large sum of money? Will the Gaillard Center provide sufficient physical space and amenities to arts organizations?
But it is the recently formed Gaillard Management Corporation that now is receiving increased attention. It was formed earlier this year as a sister organization to the Gaillard Performance Hall Foundation. The foundation is in charge of fundraising; the management corporation is tasked with overseeing use of the facility and running its various logistical and physical operations.
Finances, fundraising
The management corporation has a 16-member board of directors and an executive committee of five. There is some personnel overlap between the two groups.
The foundation will remain active until the full $71 million is in the bank, according to Vice Chairwoman Renee Anderson, who also sits on the board of the management corporation. Once the final dollar is raised, the foundation will shut down, but that could take up to 10 years after the Gaillard Center opens in 2015.
A bridge loan of $51 million was secured to ensure that weekly construction bills would be paid (the foundation pays half the cost, the city pays the other half). So far, none of the loan money has been used - fundraising has been sufficient to satisfy construction obligations - so no interest is being paid yet, according to Anderson and Luther Cochrane, chairman of the management corporation and member of the foundation board.
The financial arrangement with the bank gives the foundation some fundraising flexibility, Anderson and Cochrane explained. They suspect that some donors won't write checks until the building opens for business. Some donors like to provide gifts in exchange for specific recognition: a name plate on a seat, a sponsorship, that sort of thing, and that can be hard to sell until the seats are installed and the programming is in place, they said.
Right now the Gaillard is a good story, a dream in progress, Cochrane said. "But as the building finishes, it becomes more real and attractive (to donors and patrons)."
Donors are given a five-year term to pay large gifts; that's why the capital fundraising phase might take a decade or so, Anderson said.
Asked if they were close to their goal, both board members demurred, saying it's important to complete the "quiet phase" and "leadership phase" of fundraising first. This is when major donors are wooed, and up to about 80 percent of total funding is secured, they said.
After that comes the "public phase," when all are welcome to make donations, large or small. This is likely to begin in January 2015, Anderson said. If the foundation can show that community stakeholders have made significant gifts, this will enhance fundraising prospects for the final phase.
"If they think it's worth it, we should consider it, too," goes the thinking, Anderson said. The public phase raises the least amount of money, but it's the most important part of the effort because "it allows (members of) the community to feel that they own the building."
Cultural focal point
Meanwhile, the management corporation is working with California-based B Squared Consulting (employed by the city of Charleston) on a temporary basis to put the operational pieces in place, engage local arts organizations and begin the process of booking the Gaillard Center for 2015 and beyond. A search is underway for an experienced executive director.
The new Gaillard will be considered a "multitenant" activity center that accommodates various presenting organizations, not only the Gaillard Management Corporation, Cochrane said.
The hall has its limits. "It's not really set up to directly compete for Broadway business," he said. Most of that will still go to the North Charleston Performing Arts Center. The dimensions of the Gaillard stage - 42 feet deep, 80 feet wide and 35 feet high - can't easily support large-scale opera productions, big Broadway shows or grand circus presentations, for example.
It's a matter of striking a good balance between variety and quality, Cochrane said. The former might be constrained in order to satisfy the latter. "This is right-sized," he said.
Jason Nichols, director of the 77-year-old Charleston Concert Association, said his presenting organization has long depended on the Gaillard and has provided local audiences with first-rate performances by orchestras, ballet companies, recitalists and others. Nichols is worried that a new presenting organization will compete with his.
"Why set up two adversarial groups doing the very same thing?" he asked.
The closing of the Gaillard for renovation on the heels of the Great Recession of 2008 has challenged the Concert Association significantly, Nichols said. Concerts moved from a 2,700-seat hall to the Sottile Theatre, which seats 750. Yet the performers he booked appeared only once, often during the week. This resulted in an economic strain that forced Nichols to reduce staff, cut his budget and limit concerts to about four a season.
In response, the organization has expanded its mission and broadened its strategic approach, Nichols said. It plans to remain an anchor tenant at the Gaillard, but also may put together an "Encore Series" of concerts that uses other venues, such as the Sottile, the Dock Street Theatre, Memminger Auditorium, the Charleston Music Hall and a couple of church sanctuaries. The Encore series would focus on local and regional performing artists.
Nichols said a reconfigured arts community could result in some unwanted competition for patrons and donors, especially if multiple groups (such as the Concert Association, the Charleston Symphony Orchestra and Spoleto Festival) are presenting similar classical music and dance performances, but that he hopes good coordination and scheduling distribution across the calendar will mitigate those risks.
'Largest classroom'
Yuriy Bekker, concertmaster and acting artistic director for the Charleston Symphony, said the renovated Gaillard hall likely will give the orchestra a boost. In the new space, the CSO could mount bigger concerts and possibly expand the Masterworks series, which currently includes six shows a season.
More activity by the CSO will benefit both the symphony and the Gaillard, he said.
"The two organizations in some ways are dependent on each other," Bekker said.
What's more, a world-class hall is likely to attract international attention, making it easier for local presenting organizations to draw highly acclaimed groups and soloists, he said. The key to avoiding artistic cannibalization is careful and constant coordination, Bekker said.
Michael Smith, the symphony's newly appointed executive director, said the hall itself could provide reason for curious people to attend a concert, and that could lead to some growth of the patron base.
Smith said he's not too worried about competing with major symphony orchestras that might come to town. Part of the charm of the Charleston Symphony is its local focus, he said.
But it will be important to know what other groups are programming, he added. Few concertgoers will want to hear the same Tchaikovsky symphony twice in a month.
"We're very happy to be at the table with them (the Gaillard Management Corporation) working this out," Smith said. "This is the time to do this."
Cochrane said he expects the Concert Association, Charleston Symphony and Spoleto Festival to be "resident" arts organizations that benefit from preferential scheduling, joint marketing efforts and reduced facilities costs.
A new ticketing system that the Gaillard Management Corporation will implement will rely on a flexible technology platform that can communicate with diverse third-party ticketing systems while at the same time collecting data that can be used to improve the way the Gaillard and local arts groups operate.
Cochrane said the new Gaillard "needs to be the community's (cultural) focal point," a destination not only for arts patrons but also students. "It's the largest classroom in Charleston," he said.
Anderson, who spent decades as a high-level administrator at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, said the board is eager to collaborate with programs such as Engaging Creative Minds and other educational initiatives in the Lowcountry.
An education outreach arm at the Gaillard, called Future Founders, already has been established. Its goal is to cultivate interest in the arts among young people throughout the tri-county area by ensuring that every student gets to see something at the Gaillard at least once a year.
Additionally, the performance and exhibition halls can host workshops and other special events that serve an educational purpose, according to management corporation board members.
Anderson and Cochrane said their priority was to get the Gaillard up and running, but that they were already thinking about long-term strategy.
"If we can do this right, we can use the opening of this facility to set an example for collaboration," Cochrane said. "The Gaillard Management Corporation is the vehicle to demonstrate that more is more."
Reach Adam Parker at 937-5902. Follow him at www.facebook/aparker writer.
The Gaillard Center is under construction and scheduled to open in April 2015.×
The Gaillard Management Corporation is in charge of fundraising for the Gaillard project.×
David M. Schwarz Architects A view of the planned exhibition space.×
David M. Schwarz Architects A view of the Gaillard Center from the George Street perspective.×
David M. Schwarz Architects A look at the interior of the concert hall.×
A view from the balcony of the concert hall. The new hall will have a traditional horseshoe shape, 1,700 seats and improved acoustics.×
David M. Schwarz Architects The grand staircase in the lobby of the Gaillard Center.×
David M. Schwarz Architects A view of the new Gaillard Center from Calhoun Street.×
David M. Schwarz Architects Inside the concert hall, looking from the stage.×
David M. Schwarz Architects In the lobby.×
David M. Schwarz Architects The Gaillard Center lobby.×


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This is the assertion that New Jersey is in a fiscal crisis because residents receive services far beyond those received by residents in other states with lower taxes.
This is nonsense.
Think about the services you receive in your town.
Now think about the services your town offered back in the early 1960s.
I was living in Toms River then. We had police, schools, volunteer first aid, volunteer fire and so on. Today Toms River has police, schools, volunteer first aid, volunteer fire and so on.
Back then we had neither an income tax nor a sales tax. Yet services were not substantially different than they are today.
New Jerseyans who move across the Delaware to Pennsylvania or down to North Carolina rarely report back that they felt deprived of some level of luxury they'd experienced in the Garden State.
Yet the myth lives on in the report by a bunch of do-gooders called the Council of New Jersey Grantmakers. In a study titled "Facing Our Future," the usual assortment of former politicians who got us into this mess go on at great length about the amount of new revenue that will be needed to get us out.
"The level of services New Jerseyans have come to expect is simply no longer possible," the report states. "Rather than rethinking services we have been simply hollowing them out."
Read the actual report and you see that the high level of services seems to consist mostly of the big pensions and high salaries commanded by public employees.
That's hardly surprising when you go down the list of time-servers who put this report together.
There are a few noteworthy sorts, but most of the lineup consists of the usual suspects. The most prominent is Deborah Poritz, the former chief justice of the state Supreme Court Chief Justice who did more than any other person in recent history to make this state ungovernable.
Which was the worst: Her decision to order free preschools under the provision of the constitution requiring education for only those between the ages of 5 and 18? Was it her decision to order $8.7 billion in bonding for unneeded schools depsite clear constitutional language stating you get to vote on such borrowing?
Or was it the infamous Torricelli Switcheroo, in which the court interved in a U.S. Senate election to permit the Democrats to switch candidates after the deadline solely because the Democrat had gone down in the polls?
With a record like that, you'd think Poritz would go quietly into oblivion. Nope. After having done her best to create unnecessary debt and cause inflation in education, she's one of the authors of this gem of wisdom:
During 2011, elected leaders across New Jersey made substantial changes and choices. However, New Jersey cannot sustain its antiquated system for raising and spending money at all levels of government.
The effect on public services – including schools, public safety, transportation, and healthcare –is severe and will be felt by virtually everyone.
Over the next five years, New Jersey governments again will be unable to achieve the balanced budgets as required without significant service, programmatic and personnel-related costs at state, county, municipal and school district levels. New Jersey faces the ongoing contraction of services and the end of high-quality services we have long accepted – and expected.
Just what is "antiquated" about our system of raising revenue? I've been covering politics here since 1975 and I've seen endless updates - by which I mean tax hikes that were sold to the public as solutions for our funding shortfalls.
We saw what happened. That 1976 implementation of the income tax was supposed to solve the property-tax crisis. But the Supreme Court took the revenue and directed it to the Democratic machines of Hudson, Essex and Union counties, leaving just a tiny fraction for actual property-tax relief in suburban and rural areas.
Instead of addressing the root cause, these guys fall back on blaming the victims, those same suburban towns.
Once again, we hear that the state has too many towns. Did these geniuses bother to study the actual numbers that show small towns have lower costs for providing services than the cities?
Nope. They just blame the locals.
And then there's the call for shared services. Ask the residents of Loch Arbour about how well that worked out. I was at a Chris Christie town hall meeting in Ocean Township recently when one of them got to ask the Guv a question.
The guy pointed out that his borough had openly entered into an agreement with Ocean Township to share police and education services.
Then the state unilaterally decided to double the taxes in Loch Arbour and send the money to Ocean.
Retirees saw their tax bills rise overnight into the $20,000 range.
Again, do these geniuses ever get out of their offices and talk to the real people affected by this sort of thing?
Calls for municipal consolidation are really just a smokescreen. What these guys really want is bigger government and the replacement of volunteers with paid firefighters and first aid.
Just once I wish someone would ask these characters how all those small towns survived back before we had a sales tax or income tax.
That would make for a report worth reading.
As for this one, give it a good read and then ask yourself just what wonderful services they're talking about.
Well, I gotta go. I have to take my cans and bottle to recycling. In my town we don't have curbside pickup.
That's a service reserved for the cities where my tax dollars go.


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Must Watch
You Don't Know Jack
- Summary
- Reviews / Ratings
- Photos
- Videos
- Events
Directed by Barry Levinson, this film stars Al Pacino as Dr. Jack Kevorkian, the man who helped people commit suicide with his 'mercy machine.' It not being our place to argue one side or the other of this debate, we're merely informing you that the made-for is on tonight and that it features a great cast, an outstanding director, and is on a network with a pretty good track record with original movies. This film focuses on Kevorkian building his machine and the media frenzy that followed.
Sep 27, 2016
Sep 02, 2016
Aug 15, 2016
Aug 11, 2016
More Details
Official Website
TV Network - HBO
TV Network - HBO
- Starring - Al Pacino, Susan Sarandon, John Goodman, Danny Huston, Brenda Vaccaro


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October 29, 2009 | 2 Comments
Buies Creek, N.C.-Attorney Glenn Talmadge Infinger, of Atlanta, Ga. was named a Distinguished Alumnus of Campbell University during the University's 2009 Homecoming celebration, Saturday, Oct. 24. Infinger is a partner in the law firm of Mazursky Constantine LLC, one of the largest in Atlanta.
A 1974 graduate of Campbell University with a degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Trust Management, Infinger earned his law degree from the University of South Carolina in 1981. Prior to joining Mazursky Constantine, he was Chief Counsel for Benefits and Executive Compensation at BellSouth Corporation, where he advised the company's senior executive team and board of directors in respect to human resources matters. Infinger also served as an attorney with law firms in Dallas, Texas and Atlanta, Ga. before joining BellSouth.
He is a member of the Georgia and Texas bar associations and the American Bar Association. While in law school, Infinger was named to the Order of the Coif and the Order of the Wig and Robe. He was also a member the National Moot Court Bar Association.
An avid reader, Infinger also enjoys travel and golf. He and his wife Anne are members of the Wieuca Road Baptist Church where Infinger has serviced on the Finance Committee. They are the parents of a son Talmadge, 25, a graduate of Duke University and currently in his second year of law school at Vanderbilt University; and a daughter Tyler, 22, a graduate of Duke University who is employed with Pearson Publishing in New York City.
Photo Copy: Glenn Infinger, center, receives Campbell University's Distinguished Alumnus award from President Jerry Wallace, right. Also pictured is the Rev. Wayne Oakes, president of the Campbell University National Alumni Association. (Photo by Bennett Scarborough)
Wed, 28 Sep 2016
Mon, 26 Sep 2016
Wed, 21 Sep 2016
Congrat Glenn!!! You look great in that photo. You haven't changed! Keep it up.
By father's rights lawyer on June 8, 2011 - 12:45pm
thanks for the news, gr8
By Attorney List on February 5, 2011 - 8:46am
We invite you to leave a comment if you want to discuss this article. Please note any posted comment will be viewable by the public. If you notice any errors please email Haven Hottel at [email protected].


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Dr. Alison Campbell is on staff at the
Department of Physics and Astronomy at
the University of St Andrews, Scotland. She
was a close friend of Becky Elson from graduate
school until Elson's death in 1999.
Rebecca Elson's poetry collection, "A Responsibility to Awe", was launched in
October 2001 in Cambridge, England.
Nearly 50 people were present, including her
husband, friends and colleagues. Gerry Gilmore,
Craig Mackay and Poshak Gandhi each read one of
her poems, while others were spoken by friends
and by staff of the publishers, Oxford Poetry.
The book is receiving rave reviews in the
UK; a typical comment is "This is the most
important poetry collection of the last ten
years." Some are calling it unique, because many
of Becky's poems bridge the gap, so seldom
spanned, between science and emotion.
If only Becky could hear these wonderful
comments! She was always so reticent about the "other side" of her life. I (and I am sure others)
tried many times to persuade her to publish "Aberration," her 1990 poem about the HST
PSF, but she worried that her colleagues would
no longer take her seriously.
Part of the reason publication of a major collection
of Becky's poetry has come so soon is that,
tragically, her work is complete. But had she lived, I believe recognition was only a matter of time, for
among these poems are many that illuminate the
deep connections between our rational and our
primal understanding of the universe. Other, equally
stunning pieces on more personal themes use
powerful imagery to evoke emotions ranging
from loneliness through tenderness to passion.
Elson's poetry collection, A Responsibility to Awe,
is available from Carcanet Press, Manchester, UK.
Cost: £ 6.95, ISBN: 1-903039-54-1.
Web: http://www.carcanet.co.uk.
Phone: +44-161-834-8730 ext.21;
email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Back to January 2002 Contents
Back to STATUS Table of Contents


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Prince George might be causing a stir down under but back here on the allotment it's all about the Queen.
If all has gone to plan a new Queen will have hatched out in my hive and polystyrene nuc over the weekend. Now I need temperatures to get above 16C in the next 3 weeks so they can take their mating flights.
Here is a video from today of the original hive plus two new ones. They're looking surprisingly busy:
Read More
- Bees For Free – Post where I describe creating the two new hives from queen swarm cells
- Hive Two Record Card
- Hive Three Record Card (that's the new hive, I need to mark the hive for photos)
- Poly Nuc Record Card (poly nuc = polystyrene nucleus, a small hive that only fits 5-6 frames)


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Urban commercial-scale food production.
Owners of parkades and urban industrial properties may not have been the happiest bunch lately – particularly in progressive cities with effective traffic management planning and lackluster industrial land values. In Vancouver, there are about 7,000 empty and under-utilized parking spaces across downtown. The cumulative area of these parking stalls adds up to 10.5 hectares, equivalent to nearly 3% of the land in the downtown area. Between 2005 and 2010, industrial land values in Vancouver increased by a feeble 1%.
So the big idea is to not only re-purpose these underperforming spaces but to reclassify urban commercial agriculture as a designated building use.
In Chicago, a dilapidated former 93,500sf meat-packing factory has been revitalized into The Plant: a net-zero energy vertical farm and food business operation. A complex and highly interrelated system, one-third of The Plant holds aquaponic growing systems and the other two-thirds incubates sustainable food businesses (including an artisanal brewery, mushroom farm, bakery, etc) by offering low rent, low energy costs, and a licensed shared kitchen. The Plant is aiming to create 125 jobs in Chicago's economically distressed Back of the Yards neighbourhood. A renewable energy system diverts over 10,000 tons of food waste from landfills each year to meet all of its heat and power needs.
In Kyoto, Japan's Nuvege is growing a variety of lettuces in a 30,000-square-foot hydroponic facility with 57,000 square feet of vertical growing space. Amidst fears of radiation contamination from the Fukushima nuclear plant, Nuvege can tout the safety and cleanliness of its crop. Over 70 percent of its produce is already being sold to supermarkets, with 30 percent going to food service clients such as Subway and Disney.
PlantLab in Den Bosch, Holland, is constructing a three-story underground vertical farm that completely eliminates the wave lengths of sunlight that inhibit plant growth. With the latest LED technology, PlantLab can adjust the light composition and intensity to the exact needs of the specific crop. The room temperature, root temperature, humidity, CO2, light intensity, light color, air velocity, irrigation, and nutritional value all can be regulated. PlantLab claims it can achieve a yield three times the amount of an average greenhouse's while using almost 90 percent less water than traditional agriculture.
And finally, Vancouver is also working on its own vertical farm. Alterrus is a new venture headed up by hothouse agriculture entrepreneur Stephen Fane. Alterrus is leasing the 6,000sf rooftop of an EasyPark-owned parkade located at 535 Richards Street. Part of the deal is that Alterrus provides partial lease payments in terms of produce which will be provided to local chefs as well as City Of Vancouver homeless shelters, etc. Also, if this works out, the second level may also be converted over for more production. Preliminary annual income estimates are at about $250,000 a year. Alterrus' VertiCrop system can be used to grow at least 20 varieties of lettuces, herbs and greens, provided they are less than 30cm (12") tall.
The vertical production system comprises four-metre-high stacks of growing trays on motorized conveyors which ferry plants up, down, and around for watering, to capture the sun's rays, and then move them into position for an easy harvest.It is easy to set up, easily scalable, and production is more reliable than conventional "outdoor" agriculture. According to Alterrus, Verticrop yields are approximately 20 times higher than the normal production volume of field crops but it requires only 8% of the normal water consumption used to irrigate field crops. It also does not require the use of harmful herbicides or pesticides. The Richards Street array will produce about the same amount of produce as 6.4 hectares (16 acres) of California fields.
Recognizing the economic potential not to mention the social advantage of improving the resiliency of local food systems, the City of Vancouver is pursuing changes to bylaws and regulations that will rescue commercial urban agriculture from its legal limbo. Equally compelling is the involvement of those Skool scallywags at InsitituteB who are supporting Verticrop with sales and marketing infrastructure leading to a private placement investment round.
We suggest investors take a closer look at the food production system of the future and building owners keep a close eye on regulatory changes coming out of the City of Vancouver. This is a promising idea not just as a short-term income solution for vacant real estate, but also as a profitable long-term opportunity.


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The seminar invites participation by 15 humanists in several fields. It seeks to enlarge and enrich their understanding and use of microhistory in research and teaching. By reading and discussing a variety of studies, participants will assess the advantages of different approaches to narrative. Richard Brown and the visiting faculty will lead the seminar in considering how to select and conceptualize a subject, the choice of appropriate research techniques, and the creation of a narrative strategy.
The seminar will closely examine one study, drawn from the Browns work, going from actual primary sources, to outlining and conceptualizing chapters, to narrative approach and selection of illustrations. Participants will develop and report to the seminar on their own individual projects, either original research or the use of microhistory in teaching.
The stipend for participants is $3,000 and is intended to cover costs of travel, food, and lodging.
Applications must be postmarked no later than March 1, 2005. For more information, visit the web address provided below.


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Extended Interview: Romney's NH Campaign Director
Published 11:09 PM EDT Nov 02, 2012
Mitt Romney's state director, Phil Valenziano, joins WMUR Political Scoop's James Pindell this week.
With just a couple of days to go before the election, we get his take as to why he believes Romney will pull off a victory in the Granite State.
Copyright 2012 by WMUR.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Forget those shopping sprees -- Michael Jackson is spending plenty of money on lawyers.
The Gloved One is tending to two separate legal battles this week. First, there's the $21 million breach-of-contract lawsuit filed against Jackson by German promoter Marcel Avram -- who claims Jackson reneged on a deal to star in some millennium concerts. That trial wrapped up in California's Santa Barbara County courthouse Friday and deliberations will begin this week, the Associated Press reports.
Then, across a continent and an ocean, lawyers for Britain's Granada Television, which produced journalist Martin Bashir's controversial documentary "Living with Michael Jackson," promised the judge in the case on Friday that the company would lock away unseen film footage until its legal dispute with Jackson is resolved.
Jackson's lawyers had planned to seek an injunction barring Granada from airing outtakes from its interviews with Jackson, 44, until his claim about journalist Martin Bashir's program is settled.
Jackson's legal team is arguing that Bashir "breached the terms on which he was permitted to film Jackson." Granada's stand is that the company did nothing wrong. Furthermore, Granada's lawyers said, Friday's promise to secure the footage implied no admission of improper behavior.
As for the California case, promoter Avram claims that Jackson backed out of proposed New Year's performances in Sydney, Australia, and Honolulu over concerns they would not be profitable.
Jackson claimed on the stand that he doesn't really follow his cash flow -- though much of what was said on the stand took a backseat to the attention drawn by Jackson's odd physical appearance and behavior in the courtroom.
Jacksons's Lawyers Working Overtime


text:
Mixes Oval Necklace
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Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs
Rosario Dawson
- 2008
Rocking the Vote
Taking a break from acting to focus on politics, Dawson concentrates her efforts on her organization, Voto Latino, whose mission is to encourage voter registration in the Latino community. "When you actually work with local organizations – that makes the biggest impact, and that's what I want to be a part of," she tells PEOPLE.
Leading Lady
Dawson reteams with Will Smith in Seven Pounds, a drama about one man's quest to change the lives of seven strangers. The film receives mostly negative reviews, but critics are impressed by Dawson's performance. "She takes an underwritten character in an overblown movie and creates a real person, finding the grace notes and even elevating Smith out of ham-handedness," says MSNBC.
- 2010
Riding High
Dawson stars as Connie Hooper, a yardmaster tasked with stopping a runaway train, in the suspense thriller Unstoppable, which debuts at No. 2 at the box office. "He brings something very noble to the craft of acting," the actress says of costar Denzel Washington. "[He's] very old-school and just very, like, makes me want to just up my game a little bit."
Photo Credits
BIOGRAPHY (top to bottom): Gene Young/Splash News Online; Merrick Morton/Columbia Pictures
- Name
- Rosario Dawson
- Date of Birth
- May 09, 1979
- Birth Place
- New York, N.Y.
- Relationships
Mathieu Schreyer, boyfriend (2008 to present)
Jason Lewis, ex-boyfriend (July 2004 to Nov. 2006)


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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- Gigi Hadid Opens Up About Fighting Back After Milan Fashion Week Attack: 'I Felt I Was in Danger'
- Read the Cover Story: Brad & Angelina Split After 12 Years: It's Over
- WATCH: Netflix Releases First Official Trailer for The Crown – and It Has Us Royally Excited for Nov. 4
- Donald Trump Won Last Night's Presidential Debate, According to Unscientific Snap Online Polls
- Naomi Watts and Liev Schrieber Split: Inside Their 11 Year Romance and its Sad Final Chapter
People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- April 10, 2006
- Vol. 65
- No. 14
Why Did Mary Do It?
Matthew Winkler's Congregation Was Stunned When Someone Shot the Tennessee Minister to Death—and Stunned Again When, Police Say, His Wife Confessed
It is a mystery that torments a God-fearing town: Why did Mary Winkler, dutiful preacher's wife and mother of three lovely young girls, take a gun and shoot her husband in the back in his own house? Police arrested Winkler, 32, on March 23, a day after her husband, 31, was found dead and, they say, she admitted to the shooting. But even as prosecutors charged her with first-degree murder—which requires premeditation—they refused to reveal details of the crime beyond saying they had recovered the murder weapon. Could she have been spurred by infidelity? Some sort of abuse? Her motive remains unclear. "It's much more than meets the eye," says her lawyer Steven Farese. "Like many married couples, you have a public life and a private life, and the two don't always run parallel."
One area of speculation, though, is that Mary was suffering from postpartum depression. Last year she gave birth to her third daughter, Brianna, who was hospitalized with health problems after the delivery. "There are a lot of indicators that postpartum depression is going on [with Mary]," says Farese, without confirming that that will be his defense. "Where I have run across it is where people have no idea about it, where they think something is wrong with them, and they don't seek help, and there's a culmination in some sort of tragedy. I see signs of that." Farese says Mary's demeanor in prison is remote and that she has "a flat affect, a dulling of emotion. There's an analogy that describes it as a 'thousand-yard stare,' and it could indicate posttraumatic stress. It could be the culmination of some type of postpartum depression, or deep depression."
In the wake of the killing, those who knew the Winklers have scoured their memories for clues and red flags they might have missed—anything to help them come to grips with the unfathomable. The day before Matthew's body was found, Mary seemed nervous and agitated during her first day as a substitute teacher at Selmer Elementary School, where her two oldest daughters (Patricia, 8, and Mary Alice, 6) are enrolled. More than one teacher complained that she was talking on her cell phone too much that morning. Church members were also aware that Mary was having a trying year; in addition to Brianna's hospitalization, Mary lost her mother, Mary Nell, to cancer. Even so, no one interviewed could say they had noticed any signs of stress. "She was fun to talk to, and she laughed and had fun with life," says church member John Foote, echoing the sentiments of several other people who knew the Winklers. "What struck everyone about them was how close they were and the love they showed for each other. They seemed to be a loving, devoted family."
Mary Winkler's childhood in a middle-class suburb of Knoxville, Tenn., was marred by tragedy: Her younger sister Patricia was handicapped by spinal meningitis and died unexpectedly, at age 8, while her mother was giving her a bath. "She was singing one minute and dead the next," says Mary's former neighbor Eugene McCammon. "It was hard for the family to handle that loss." After the death Mary's father, Clark, and mother, both teachers, took in and eventually adopted five foster children.
While studying education at Freed-Hardeman University in Henderson, Tenn., Mary met Matthew Winkler, the handsome son and grandson of preachers. As far back as high school, "Matt was Mr. Everything," says Ray Ashby, who knew the Winkler family in their hometown of Decatur, Ala. "He was clean-cut, an outstanding athlete, and all the girls thought he hung the moon." Matthew and Mary were married in 1996.
In February 2005 Matthew took over the Fourth Street Church of Christ, and the family moved into a single-level ranch house on a hilly, tree-lined street in Selmer. The town of 4,600 quickly embraced their new minister. "He was a great speaker, with lots of charisma," says Killingsworth. "He kept everybody on their toes." Jonathan Allen, 20, who was a member of Matthew's church youth group in another town, says he "was a man who if I had a problem I could talk to any time. He got along with everybody." At the same time, says Allen, "a lot of his principles were Biblically based. His children treated him with respect: 'Yes, Sir,' 'No, Sir.' He was the ruler of the house and he took on the role he was supposed to."
While Matthew was the dynamic face of the congregation, his wife was seen as "very friendly but not as outgoing," says Carolyn Giesler, the principal of Selmer Elementary. Others spoke of the difficulty of being married to a minister (see box). "You're introduced as 'the preacher's wife,' not 'this is Mary,' and that's hard," says Tim Parish, 31, a minister at the McMinnville Central Church of Christ, where Matthew worked before moving to Selmer. "Matthew was the big-smile guy who was always out front, always onstage, and Mary could have been in his shadow a little."
To most observers, though, her family life could hardly have seemed more ideal. Mary was taking education courses at Freed-Hardeman and had just been approved as a substitute teacher at Selmer Elementary, where both the Winklers were active in fundraisers and school events. "She and Matthew would hold hands and go walking in the park with their Great Dane," says Killingsworth. "That's the picture we all had of them."
That began to change on Wednesday, March 22, when Matthew missed a midweek service. That night four church members went to the Winklers' home and found Matthew's body lying faceup in one of the bedrooms. There was no evidence of any struggle, and no sign of Mary and the children. "We thought they were kidnapped," says Killingsworth. Police issued an Amber Alert, and on March 23 a squad car in Orange Beach, Ala., 390 miles from Selmer, pulled Mary's minivan over at a traffic light. "The only thing she said was, 'There's money in my purse, my kids are hungry, and I need to get them something to eat,'" says Lt. Rusty Roberts. Orange Beach police initially announced that Mary confessed to killing her husband, but her attorney says her statement was not necessarily an admission "that she did anything illegal." The next day, Matthew's father and mother visited Mary in the Orange Beach jail. "She was tearful and asked them for forgiveness," says Tommy Hodge, a family friend. "They told her, 'We forgive you for what you did.'"
On March 28 church members and relatives gathered in Selmer to say goodbye to Matthew Winkler. All three of his daughters, who are staying with Matthew's parents, attended the funeral. Patricia, the eldest, lingered at the open casket. "She was putting pictures in it and rubbing her father's face," says John Waits, a family friend. "You couldn't help but be moved."
Now those who knew and loved the Winklers must wait for the trial. Until then they will likely keep struggling to understand what it was that so tested Mary Winkler's faith and so haunted her heart. "She had a wonderful husband and three beautiful little girls; what more do you want in life?" says Pam Killingsworth. "The mystery lies with Mary."
- Contributors:
- Eileen Finan/Selmer,
- John Anderson/Decatur,
- John Perra/New York City.
More in the Archive
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Treat Yourself! 4 Preview Issues
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text: The AmericanNeopaganism.com website which I maintain will be taken down next month. I've maintained it for several years now, and it's been about a year since I made any changes to the site. All of my writing energy has gone into this blog. I've decided to let the domain lapse until I figure out what [Read More…]


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Desi-Box interviews Raghav
Better known for his singles, So Confusedand Angel Eyes, Raghav is back on the music scene with a bang! Although we haven't heard from this energetic musician for a while, Raghav has not been inactive to say the least; within a few years, the singer and songwriter has travelled to India and the Middle-East, as well as secured a few impressive projects to add to his name.
The Canadian artist tells us about a collaboration with Kardinal Offishall, as well as his upcoming album, and where he's been occupied during the past few years.
The upcoming projects sound truly promising, and it's a sure thing that Raghav is one to keep an eye on in the not so distant future.
- No comments found


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Dayton Shuts Out Dukes, 3-0
Oct. 3, 2004
Dayton, Ohio - Duquesne University's women's soccer team was defeated by the Dayton Flyers, 3-0, Sunday afternoon at UD's Baujan Field.
After a scoreless 45 minutes, Dayton's Reba Sedlacek scored 2:18 into the second half. Jen Leslie scored her first collegiate goal in the 74th minute and Tesia Kozlowski found the back of the net with 2:31 left to play.
Dayton, which extended its winning streak to 10 games, outshot DU 19-6. The Flyers improved to 10-1-0 overall, 3-0-0 in the Atlantic 10.
Sophomore goalkeeper Virginia Bondi (Strongsville, Ohio / Strongsville) recorded six saves for the Dukes.
Duquesne's record is now .500 (6-6-0), 1-2-0 in league play. DU continues the six-game road trip on Friday, October 8th, when they ttravel to Philadelphia for a match with the La Salle Explorers.


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Pages 318-321
Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June, 6 1944. Known as the largest amphibious assault in history.
General Douglas MacArthur
American general that led in the Philippines. Ordered to leave so he would not be captured by the Japanese. Vowed, "I shall return."
Bataan Death March
60,000 Americans became prisoners of the Japanese; were forced to walk 70 miles to prison camps. 10,000 American soldiers died.
Battle of Coral Sea
Enemy ships never saw each other; was fought entirely by planes. United States defeated the Japanese Navy.
Battle of Midway
United States victory; ended Japan's domination of the Pacific and turned the tide of the war.
Harry S. Truman
Vice President that became president when Roosevelt died of a stroke. Made the decision to drop the atomic bomb in Japan.
Concentration camps
Built for the purpose of exterminating the Jewish race as well as Germans and others who resisted Hitler. The largest were: Treblinka, Dachau, and Auschwitz.