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1307 Redmond Road
Rome, Georgia 30165
Monday to Thursday: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Friday: 9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Drive thru opens at 8 a.m. Monday to Friday
1311 Dean Avenue
Rome, Georgia 30161
Northwest Georgia Credit Union is part of the CO-OP network, which has 28,000 ATMs all over the country. As a member, you have access to any ATM that is a part of this network, and all transactions are surcharge-free! Using any of these ATMs is just like using any Northwest Georgia Credit Union ATM.
These are free services, but standard text messaging rates apply. And don't worry, you won't receive any unsolicited messages by using 692667 (MYCOOP).
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This credit union is federally insured by the National Credit Union Administration
Patriot Act - To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens a new account. When you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask to see your driver's license or other identifying documents.

subset: commoncrawl


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By: Karen Smith Welch on July 16, 2009 - 6:06pm - Add new comment
A gem from the Associated Press says Starbucks is opening a store without plastering the chain name on it.
The java juggernaut is changing the name of one of its existing stores to 15th Avenue Coffee and Tea -- for its location -- to give it more of a neighborhood feel.
It will open next week with not only coffee and tea on the menu, but also wine and beer.
The program is a pilot test and could lead to more neighborhood-named stores.
According to the AP report:
By: Karen Smith Welch on July 14, 2009 - 10:55am - Add new comment
The great breadth of Michael Jackson coverage has gotten to be too much for me.
I understand the pull of celebrity. And Jackson's story is complex, so there are many layers to probe. But I'm on overload, and I don't think I'm alone.
Browsing on iTunes a couple of nights ago, I saw two albums released on July 7, the day of his memorial. One was an album of performances from the service. The other, a different collection of Jackson songs.
By: Karen Smith Welch on July 1, 2009 - 10:03am - Add new comment
Here's the 2009 Xbox Project Natal announcement that Microsoft posted to YouTube.
It's no surprise the video is on the Advertising Age Digital Viral Video Top 10. The system will read your body, sense your motion, recognize your voice and let you be the controller. ... Well, just take a look and you'll see what I mean.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 29, 2009 - 10:40am - Add new comment
This blog entry should've been an easy one.
Barnes & Noble Booksellers has launched a blog to encourage young readers. In fact, the press coverage I saw billed B&N's Letter Blocks as a place where parents could get advice, family friendly recommendations, heart-warming stories about young readers and insights from writers.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 26, 2009 - 4:31pm - Add new comment
Though Newcrest Hotels Ltd., an Irving developer, will turn the historic Fisk Building in downtown Amarillo into a high-rise Courtyard by Marriott, the feat isn't what a Newcrest representative referred to when he spoke of building a skyscraper in an interview Thursday.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 24, 2009 - 5:33pm - Add new comment
What do you want Amarillo to look like, act like and feel like in the next 20 years?
Last week, the city of Amarillo launched a planning process designed to put ideas for the city's future into a blueprint that will guide city development.
Consultants from Kendig Keast Collaborative will lead the comprehensive planning effort with the help of a 21-member steering committee of Amarillo folks appointed by the Amarillo City Commission. The work will take more than a year.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 15, 2009 - 11:08am - Add new comment
For those who are as addicted to World Market's coffee is I am, here's a savings tip.
Cost Plus World Market has, for a while, had a Coffee Club. Members get a free 12-ounce bag for every six they buy.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 15, 2009 - 10:45am - Add new comment
No, I didn't abandon my blog. I just unplugged from it for a few days while working on a project.
The New York Times ran a story about orphan blogs on June 7, jumping off from Technorati data about how long some were left idle between entries.
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 2, 2009 - 9:06am - Add new comment
GM wants to communicate with you and me about its bankruptcy and its reinvention.
The automaker posted the ad below on YouTube on Monday, the day it also filed for bankruptcy protection. Pay attention to the opening: a narrator saying, "Let's be completely honest. No company wants to go through this."
By: Karen Smith Welch on June 1, 2009 - 10:51am - Add new comment
In Sunday's column, I briefly mentioned a new label coined by Information Resources Inc. -- the Downturn Generation.
IRI's recent consumer research shows today's shoppers are likely to adopt practices that Depression Era shoppers used.
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Amarillo Globe-News ©2016. All Rights Reserved.


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The following section contains brief biographical information on ship masters and their vessels in the Samuel Watts Collection. We have reproduced this information, largely unedited, from sources found in the Collection. However, the reader is reminded that no clear criteria exists for which vessel is represented or what sources were used to compile this list.
Return to the Collection Register


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Database Administration
OIT provides a variety of database management services. Database administration activities include, but are not limited to the following:
- Creation, refresh and support of production and non-production databases
- Review and application of database security patches
- Database backup and recovery
- Business continuity and disaster recovery
- Change management
- Database monitoring and performance tuning
- Requirements analysis and technical specifications
- Research and development
- Risk assessment and management
Major supported database management systems
OIT supports the following database management systems:
- Oracle
- Microsoft SQL Server
- MySQL
Want to learn more?
Contact the OIT Service Desk to learn more about database administration at Duke OIT.


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The 22nd Harvesting Hope Fundraiser
More than one child every day for the past five years
A Global Organization Celebrated its First Kiwanis Kids Day in Peoria
The Global Organization, Kiwanis International celebrated its first Kiwanis Kids Day in Peoria.
Recovery Efforts Help Save Lives of Addicts
The road to recovery is helping change dozens of lives Saturday.
Congressman LaHood Talks About Trump's Visit to Peoria
Ivanka Trump's upcoming visit to Peoria is gaining more attention Saturday.
Two Injured in Early Saturday Shooting
Two people are injured after a shooting early Saturday morning in Peoria.
BREAKING NEWS: Police Arrest Man Charged with Criminal Sexual Assault &…
A man charged with criminal sexual assault and child pornography has been arrested.
Morton Band Dad Dies
The man who recently came to be known as the Morton band dad has died.
Dozens of Beds Donated to Center
The Center for Prevention of Abuse gets dozens of new beds for its shelters. Sherman's donated 60 …
Local Black Lives Matter Reacts to Recent Shootings
Members of the local Black Lives Matter movement are expressing their concerns with recent police …
Heddington Oaks Makes Progress in Staffing Shortage
As Heddington Oaks turns three, it also turns over a new leaf. "I'm obviously not here every day, …
Songs and Drums: A New Music Class For Preschoolers
Music plays a key role in every facet of education, according to research: abstract reasoning, …
You Can Help Save a Shrinking Species
People in the community are helping repopulate a species that is close to extinction.
Physicans Take Time to Celebrate with their Patients
Today is a day of celebration for local patients.
Chim-Chimney Sweeps
When you think of chimney sweeps, I'm sure the first image that comes to your head is the scene …
Creve Coeur man charged in VFW burglary
A Creve Coeur man is facing burglary charges after he was identified through surveillance video.
Caterpillar VP leaving to work for SC Johnson
Caterpillar's vice president is leaving the company to work for SC Johnson.
CI Workday 9-23
HEROIN IN THEIR OWN WORDS: From Heroin to Hope
September is recovery month. Recovery is often the hardest piece of solving the heroin epidemic …
Violent week in Peoria, two shooting investigations underway
One person is hospitalized after a Thursday night shooting.
Little Kids Use Fun-Sized Shovels to Kickstart a New Construction Project
Cuteness alert: little kids jump up and down and cheer … over a pile of dirt.
Miami Marlins star pitcher Jose Fernandez dies
Miami Marlins star pitcher José Fernández was killed early Sunday in a boating accident, Florida …
Marlins pitcher Fernandez dies unexpectedly
(CNN) -- Miami Marlins pitcher José Fernández has died unexpectedly, the team announced Sunday."The…
Jordan: Writer who mocked ISIS killed
A prominent Jordanian writer facing charges for sharing a "blasphemous" anti-ISIS cartoon that …
Suicide bomber kills at least 6 in Iraq
ISIS has claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing in Baghdad that killed at least six people, …
Jerusalem's underground city of the dead
In Jerusalem's largest cemetery, the deceased have a need that the living cannot fulfill: more …
Girl, 17, missing after police find 3 bodies at her home
A 17-year-old girl is missing and believed to be in danger after police found three bodies at the …
Suspect charged in Washington mall shooting
The lone suspect in the fatal shooting of five people in a Washington state mall has been charged …
Corbyn wins UK Labour's leadership race
Jeremy Corbyn has won a decisive victory as leader of Britain's opposition Labour Party after he …
Don King: Trump offers way out of 'racist, sexist' system
Don King believes Donald Trump is the only candidate who can fix a "corrupt, rigged, sexist and …
Iowa, Wisconsin face flood threat with swollen rivers
It's a tense waiting game for people facing flood threats from swollen rivers and creeks in parts …
Robots: Lifesavers or Terminators?
Machines are rapidly learning to think on their own, but will the robot revolution lead to a modern…
The 22nd Harvesting Hope Fundraiser
More than one child every day for the past five years
Scott, Castile and the women who filmed their deaths
Videos of police shooting and killing black men have transfixed Americans, relaunched debate on …
A Global Organization Celebrated its First Kiwanis Kids Day in Peoria
The Global Organization, Kiwanis International celebrated its first Kiwanis Kids Day in Peoria.
Algeria train collision injures at least 78
Scores of passengers were injured when two trains collided in Algeria on Saturday.The crash …
Recovery Efforts Help Save Lives of Addicts
The road to recovery is helping change dozens of lives Saturday.
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey has a plan to get people to vote
Square CEO Jack Dorsey wants to get you to the polls.He tweeted Saturday that all U.S. retailers, …
Congressman LaHood Talks About Trump's Visit to Peoria
Ivanka Trump's upcoming visit to Peoria is gaining more attention Saturday.
Outrageous EpiPen prices lead some people to make their own
A man sits in a dimly lit room and fills a syringe with clear liquid. After a few minutes of …
Aleppo strikes trap children in rubble
Bloodied toddlers wail on a hospital bed. Rescuers pull a baby from rubble, unsure whether the …
Bill Nunn, famous for 'Do the Right Thing' role, dies at 62
Bill Nunn, a veteran actor who appeared in Spike Lee's film, "Do the Right Thing," has died. He …
Music legend Buckwheat Zydeco dead at 68
Stanley Dural Jr., a Louisiana music legend whose stage name was Buckwheat Zydeco, has died. He was…
'Magnificent Seven' cast on how diversity helped make a modern western
Westerns are one of Hollywood's most beloved genres -- but not one of its most diverse. That isn't …
Backstreet Boys announce Vegas residency
The Backstreet Boys are officially heading to Las Vegas to show they've still got it goin' on.The …
Monty Python's Terry Jones diagnosed with dementia
Terry Jones, best known for his part in the British comedy group Monty Python, has been diagnosed …
Adam Levine, Behati Prinsloo welcome baby
"The Voice" coach Adam Levine has a new girl in his life.The Maroon 5 singer and his wife, model …
Mia Farrow breaks silence on son's death
Mia Farrow has broken her silence on the death of her son Thaddeus Wilk Farrow.The actress took to …
Marion Cotillard breaks silence on Pitt-Jolie divorce
Marion Cotillard has broken her silence on rumors swirling around her relationship with Brad …
Brad Pitt spoke with law enforcement over family incident
Brad Pitt spoke with Los Angeles authorities recently about an incident involving one of his …
Reports: Brad Pitt under investigation for child abuse
The LAPD and the L.A. County Department of Children and Family Services are investigating …
Alexis Arquette had HIV, died of cardiac arrest
Alexis Arquette died of cardiac arrest, according to the death certificate.Arquette, who died …
Rapper Shawty Lo dies in car crash at age 40
Rapper Shawty Lo, known for his song "Dey Know" and an abandoned reality TV show about the mothers …
Singer cancels show over campus carry law
Singer-songwriter Ray LaMontagne has canceled an upcoming show at the University of Texas at Austin…
Brangelina split: What we know and don't know
The news that Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are no more was certainly a shocker.Not only did it rock…
Oscar-winning filmmaker Curtis Hanson dead at 71
Academy Award-winning filmmaker Curtis Hanson, perhaps best known for his acclaimed neo-noir drama …
Bono: Trump 'potentially the worst idea that ever happened to America'
Rock star Bono said Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has the potential to be "the …
Clooney 'very sorry' to hear of Jolie, Pitt divorce
Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt's divorce may have dominated Tuesday's celebrity news cycle, but the …
How many children do Brad and Angelina have?
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Kevin Hart drops first rap single
Kevin Hart appears to be dead serious about having a career in hip hop.The comedic actor's rap …
Angelina Jolie files for divorce from Brad Pitt
One of Hollywood's highest profile marriages is over.Angelina Jolie has filed for divorce from …
Truman Capote ashes sell for $45,000 at auction
More than 30 years after Truman Capote's death, fans of the famed author were able to get their …
Man pulled over used mannequin torso in carpool lane
California police pulled over a man driving in the carpool lane with a suspicious-looking …
Spider blamed for causing rollover car crash in Oregon
An unexpected visitor hitching a ride caused a rollover car wreck in Oregon.An itsy bitsy spider …
Cops; Mint employee smuggled gold in rectum
An employee at the Royal Canadian Mint is accused of smuggling $180K worth of gold in his rectum. …
Cheers! The world's first beer pipeline is now open
A beer pipeline. It sounds like an ale lover's wildest dream. It's no longer a fantasy in the …
23,000-year-old fish hooks found in Japan
They could almost pass for a pair of ancient earrings. But instead, researchers have discovered the…
Can killer robots save ocean ecosystems?
Few predators can match the devastating impact of the lionfish.Since arriving in US waters in the …
Mysterious cow milks its five minutes of fame
Google Street View has proven how seriously it takes the issue of privacy by blurring the face of …
Texas Wal-Mart restaurant to serve only fair foods
The Dallas Morning News reports a new restaurant in Plano's Wal-Mart will serve only foods found at…
Australians petition to put Steve Irwin on currency
Australians are trying to immortalize their favorite conservationist by putting his face on their …
Chipotle customer awarded burrito settlement after sickness
A teen who was hospitalized with E. coli after eating at a Chipotle restaurant last year has been …
Pizza man loses in fantasy football league, dons women's bikini bottoms
A New Jersey man who came in last in his fantasy football league walked down a New Jersey highway …
Clowns fight bad PR with clown commandments
Wearing a comically puffy blue dress, twisted pigtails, a big red schnozz and a mischievous grin …
Cat posters replace ads in London subway
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Artist stuck aboard 'ghost ship' in Pacific after cargo firm goes bust
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Naked cyclists bare it all in Philly
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Scientists name parasite after Barack Obama
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Man robs bank hoping for jail, getting away from wife
A Kansas City man was arrested Friday for allegedly robbing a bank to get caught and be sent away …
Moms caught smoking 'celebratory joint' after dropping kids off at school
Police pulled a woman over for speeding in a school zone Tuesday, and came to find her and her …
AirAsia flight aborted after navigational error
A flight to Malaysia from Sydney was diverted to Melbourne after its pilot entered incorrect …


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"How old is she now?" C.K. asked Fallon, referring to his daughter, Winnie. "Nine-and-a-half months," Fallon responded.
"Yeah, so you don't have to do anything. Nothing," C.K. advised. "She's still at an age where if you leave her in a room she'll still be there a few minutes later."
C.K. is the proud father of two girls, so Fallon can probably count on getting advice from him for a long time.
C.K.'s show, Louie, began its fourth season on FX May 5.
Like us on Facebook for more stories like this!


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- Prizes
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- The Review
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- Interviews
- Features
- Events
- Call For Submissons
The first Lambda Literary Awards were presented at a black-tie gala ceremony in 1989. Every year since then they have been awarded to the finest lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans literature available in the United States. The "Lammy" is the most prestigious, competitive, and comprehensive literary award offered specifically to LGBT authors. For more than two decades the Lambda Literary Awards has brought attention to and honored exceptional writing about queer lives across multiple genres published by large and small presses. If a book has a gold sticker saying 'Winner of the Lambda Literary Award' on its cover, you know it is both brilliantly written and a meaningful examination of the LGBTQ experience.


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- Format:
We Wish You a Merry Christmas: 1st F Horn
1st F Horn
Full Orchestra
1st F Horn. Arranged by Jerry Brubaker. Instructional. Part. 2 pages. Published by Alfred Music - Digital Sheet Music (AX.00-PC-0001556_H1).
Item Number: AX.00-PC-0001556_H1
At last! Here's that ultimate finale for your holiday concert that you've been waiting for! Here are new variations on the ever-familiar We Wish You A Merry Christmas that will knock your socks off! It is a journey through many musical styles with a conclusion as exciting as any Sousa march. Add an optional synthesizer for added pizzazz! (4:00).
About Digital Downloads
Digital Downloads are downloadable sheet music files that can be viewed directly on your computer, tablet or mobile device. Once you download your digital sheet music, you can view and print it at home, school, or anywhere you want to make music, and you don't have to be connected to the internet. Just purchase, download and play!
PLEASE NOTE: Your Digital Download will have a watermark at the bottom of each page that will include your name, purchase date and number of copies purchased. You are only authorized to print the number of copies that you have purchased. You may not digitally distribute or print more copies than purchased for use (i.e., you may not print or digitally distribute individual copies to friends or students).


text: I think that'd be a great idea. I'm a huge fan of the N64 even though I'm only 15. I also have the first 3 DS's the DS, DS Lite, and DSi. I think if they made games on the N64 for the 3DS then I would buy a 3DS. But then again who knows it all depends on the person.


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Nothing stirs on the lake as you drift along on your boat. It seems the day will be perfect. You are at peace.
More than 4,500 recreational boating accidents happened last year, according to the U.S. Coast Guard. More than 550 of them occurred just because the driver wasn't paying attention.
About 83 percent of the people who died due to drowning weren't wearing life jackets.
People drinking while boating made up around 14 percent of the people reported to the Coast Gaurd.
"Safe boating should be practiced ... every time one boards a boat," said Capt. Barry Sroka of the Coast Guard.
Sroka is also a past commodore of Savannah River Sail and Power Squadron.
The squadron is a local branch of the United States Power Squadron, whose motto is "an educated boater is a safer boater," Sroka said.
To carry out that motto, the squadron offers various classes.
Some topics they teach are navigation, engine maintenance, weather, anchoring, safety equipment and boat insurance.
Courses are available online if one can't attend the in-class sessions.
To learn more about the local courses offered, call education officer Paulette Holmes at 706-737-8113.
A safer boat
Going to school is not the only step toward having a safer boat.
Getting an annual vessel safety check is recommended for even the "most cautious boater," Sroka said. It's free, convenient and over in about 30 minutes.
"The vessel examiner will look at the following safety areas of your boat: proper display numbers, registration and documentation, personal flotation devices, i.e. life jackets, visual distress signals, fire extinguishers, ventilation, backfire flame arrester, sound producing devices, navigation lights and the overall vessel condition," Sroka said.
Boat owners who pass will receive a decal. Those that don't will receive a write-up of the issues.
"Often, a quick trip to the local marine store is all that is needed to get any missing safety items," Sroka said. "If you show your examiner-signed VSC report, you may receive a discount."
The report is conducted through the squadron, the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Auxiliary.
The necessary tools
A part of preparation is getting the necessary tools on board, like life jackets, Sroka said.
Life jackets are especially important for the non-skilled swimmers, said Stuart Dudley, aquatic director at the Family Y of Aiken.
Life jackets also come in handy due to the rough waters one might face if thrown overboard, according to the Coast Guard's website.
Check machinery
Once your boat has all the equipment, check its machinery.
"Carbon monoxide can accumulate anywhere in or around your boat," according to the Coast Guard website.
It can form due to blocked exhaust outlets and back drafting. Other vessel's exhausts can be a factor, as well as the carbon monoxide just letting out from a stopped or idling ship.
To prevent poisoning, know and avoid the areas where gas comes from. To prevent the problem all together, always keep fresh air circulating through the boat.
Now the vessel has been checked, verified and is ready to go.
Float plan
Before any trip, though, another piece of paper should be filled out – a float plan.
A float plan contains all the details a rescue squad could find useful – how many are in your party? What type of boat do you have? Where do you plan on stopping?
Then, leave the plan with a trusted comrade. This way, in case something were to happen, he or she can give this sheet to the proper authorities.
In the cooler
Something you might want to bring on a day out are refreshments.
Be cautious of what you pack, though – you can still get in trouble, even on the water.
The law is called BUI – boating under the influence.
"It is illegal to operate a boat while under the influence of alcohol or drugs in every state. ... This law pertains to all boats, from canoes and rowboats to the largest ships and includes foreign vessels that operate in U.S. waters, as well as U.S. vessels on the high seas," as stated on the Coast Guard's website.
If the driver's blood alcohol content level reaches 0.08 percent, fines, license suspensions and other penalties will occur, according to the DUI Foundation.
Have fun, be safe
You want to have fun wherever you go, and that might include getting in the water.
In that case, swimming is a good skill to know. The Aiken Family Y offers classes for children for ages 6 months old to adults.
"Get kids in swim lessons and get them understanding the potential dangers before getting them in the water at all; it's the cautionary stuff that's the biggest help," Dudley said.
Never swim alone, he said. Guardians should keep an eye on the kids.
Once someone starts to drown, it's hard for them to call for help.
"It's your body's natural instincts to close your lungs so you don't swallow water," Dudley said. "That's why most drownings are so quick, and you don't hear (the victims)."
When drownings start to occur, the Y's lifeguards go through one of their emergency action plans, where each lifeguard plays a part.
Each lifeguard has to know CPR, first-aid and more in order to work at the center.
For more information on the Aiken Y's services, call 803-349-8080.
Take a boating course
The Savannah Squadron will hold a Safe Boating Course on June 29 from 8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m.
The course will address safety equipment, navigation, laws, adverse conditions and more.
It will be held at the Fire Station No. 1 Classroom on 1 Broad St., Augusta. The cost is $25.
For more information on the squadrons, visit www.usps.org.
Stephanie Turner has a hand on all areas of production for the Aiken Standard, where she reports, edits and lays out pages. She graduated in July 2012 with a journalism degree from Valdosta State University and lives with her family in Evans, Ga.
Staff Photo by Stephanie Turner Lifeguard Jason Hadden watches as the families play around in the pools at the Family Y in Aiken. The lifeguards are required to go through CPR, first aid and other training before they are hired.×
MCT Photo This graphic illustrates the five things to watch for that may indicate someone is drowning.×


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Students are back in the classroom after Reginald Chavez Elementary was evacuated Friday morning.
The school was evacuated because of reports of smoke coming from a teacher's workroom. Officials told Action 7 News that it was dust, not smoke.
Albuquerque fire crews were at the school to ensure the safety of students and staff.


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To honor Shakespeare's 450th birthday, Bryant Park Corporation and The Drilling Company's Shakespeare in the Parking Lot will present "Hamlet" in Bryant Park this month.
The production, which opened yesterday, will run through May 31, with performances on Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays at 7 p.m. in the park behind the New York Public Library.
It is Bryant Park's first Shakespeare production and The Drilling Company's first Shakespeare production outside the municipal parking lot at the corner of Ludlow and Broome Streets, where its intrepid, bare-boned productions have become a New York tradition.
When The Drilling Company was invited by the Bryant Park Corporation to inaugurate a new Shakespeare program for Bryant Park, TDC's Artistic Director, Hamilton Clancy, selected his company's production of "Hamlet," which was a Lower East Side hit when presented in the Parking Lot by The Drilling Company in 2011. In an unusual interpretation, the production is intended to illuminate the modern dysfunctional family unit.
Clancy was intrigued with moving a production that was done in the "decidedly uncorporate" atmosphere of a Lower East Side parking lot to the "very heart of corporate America" in Midtown Manhattan. He says, "So much within the play is about honor and revenge, which we see being played out on a daily basis in the interworkings of our economy and culture."
The move uptown also presented an opportunity for the production to grow because of the difference in venues. Clancy observes, "The 'personality' of the parking lot is quite different from that of Bryant Park, where it's not only a green oasis and historic, but it is one of the world's busiest public spaces."
The Drilling Company, under the direction of Clancy, has been an incubator of new American plays since 1999, working in its theater space at 236 West 78th St., which was formerly 78th Street Theater Lab. The company began co-producing Shakespeare in the Parking Lot in 2002. This summer, it will present "Twelfth Night" July 10 to 26 and "Othello" July 31 to August 16 in the traditional home of that series, the municipal parking lot at the corner of Ludlow and Broome Streets on Manhattan's Lower East Side.


text:
Top Definition
A female who displays desirable male characterstics (such as toilet humour or alcoholism) without sacrificing their feminity.
The way Miriam downed beer out of a teapot made me think she was a proper "Geezerbird".
από Lotney Sloth 14 Απρίλιος 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A girl who dresses or looks like a man.
Also see Mushmalt
Also see Mushmalt
Shes a right geezer bird
από Ben Davis 6 Νοέμβριος 2003
A beer-swilling girl who doesn't have the class to realise she is outdoing the guys and its not attractive.
"That geezerbird knows more football songs than my old man, scary!"
από Bísclâitier 17 Αύγουστος 2006
A pre-operation transsexual. A man with make-up, see he-she.
Geezerbirds wear lots of bright make up and have deep voices and stubble.
από Kung-Fu Jesus 30 Απρίλιος 2004
Unusually deep voiced female
That "Tess" from Neighbours was a right GeezerBird.
από Britech 6 Ιανουάριος 2004


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The judges dished out straight tens for the Dirty Dancing star's cha cha to Duffy's "Mercy" with partner Derek Hough. Bruno Tonioli gushed that their "execution was flawless," while Len Goodman praised the duo for their mastery of both technique and performance.
During the second half of the show, the judges once again awarded all tens for Jennifer and Derek's waltz, which Bruno called "a gem of a performance."
"It was one of the most beautiful things I've ever seen," Carrie Ann Inaba said.
Kyle Makes His MoveA slimmed down Kyle Massey and partner Lacey Schwimmer jumped to the second spot on the leader board with near-perfect scores for their samba and later an Argentine tango. Len called their first routine, "great entertainment."
"You're season 11's Mr. Charisma," declared Bruno following their tango at the end of the show. Kyle and Lacey earned two tens and a nine for each dance, bringing them to a total of 58 out of 60 points.
Brandy, who has consistently fought for the top spot on the leader board with Jennifer, slipped to the third position this week, despite great scores from the judges. She and partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy danced a paso doble to Katy Perry's "Firework" and dedicated it to victims of bullying. Carrie Ann said it was the most connected to a dance she's seen Brandy yet. Although Brandy "danced like a fury," Bruno said she lost some finesse.
Brandy and Maks earned straight nines for their first routine and only moved up from there. The duo claimed their first perfect score of the season for their second dance, the Argentine tango, earning a total of 57 points.
"It was powerful, passionate, beautiful, amazing," Carrie Ann said of their second routine.
Bristol's BestAnd for the seventh week in a row, Bristol Palin and partner Mark Ballas landed at the bottom of the leader board, though they had their best showing so far in the competition. The pair earned straight nines for an intense paso doble to Britney Spears's "Gimme More," and Carrie Ann was so pleased, she waved Bristol up to the judges' stand for a hug.
But the judge was less generous with their waltz.
"I still think you've come so far," Carrie Ann said following a critique that drew loud boos from the ballroom. Still, she dished out the evening's only eight to the duo. Combined with two nines from Len and Bruno, Brisol and Mark earned a total of 53 out of 60 points – and a respectable spot at the bottom of the leader board.
What You Didn't See Mark Ballas took the ballroom from dance show to peep show when he flashed his abs to the studio audience during a commercial break. The audience erupted in high-pitched screams when Mark, prompted by host Tom Bergeron, slipped out of his costume vest while he and Bristol Palin took their positions for their paso doble.
Fresh off her own reality TV premiere, Sarah Palin sat in the ballroom's front row with husband Todd and daughter Willow. While she laughed off Mark's antics, she threw up a hand to cover her mouth with shock when video showed Bristol cursing in frustration during rehearsals.
This week the judges praised Kyle Massey for his "bionic bum." "I have to charge it every now and then so it doesn't run out of battery," the Disney Channel star joked to reporters after the show. "It's actually electrical – it's better for the environment," added partner Lacey Schwimmer.
Brandy and Jennifer Grey both shared difficult memories about their involvement in fatal car accidents during video packages this week. Brandy told PEOPLE following the show that while she'd been aware of their mutual experiences, the women hadn't had a chance to discuss it before Monday night. "We haven't found the moment to connect, but [Jennifer] did tell me tonight; she says, 'Wow, watching your package I feel even more connected with you and what you've gone through.' It was a beautiful moment between us both."
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own


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Murdoch hints at possible deals after record quarter
With "Avatar" driving Twentieth Century Fox to its most profitable quarter ever and a rebounding TV ad market, News Corp. is easing back into deal mode.
Rupert Murdoch hinted as much during Tuesday's conference call regarding the company's mostly stellar earnings for the fiscal third quarter ended in March. News Corp. has more than $8 billion in cash, and investors have been nagging the company to put it to use.
"We are looking at all our options," Murdoch said, and will decide in the next three months.
The company could opt to spend the cash in other ways, by paying down debt or buying back stock. But acquisitions are more likely now than they've been in a while.
"We've been cautious about this over the last year as the economy…looked fragile," Murdoch said.
While "Avatar" was the star of the earnings report, Murdoch was quick to manage Wall Street's expectations about the film wing for the near term.
"We've got a great slate of films coming up — but we don't have an 'Avatar' in there," he cautioned.
Murdoch also disclosed that News Corp. is planning a press conference in three to four weeks to unveil a new subscription service for digital content. The service, which he's been hinting at for months, will include both news and entertainment.
He declined to elaborate on the venture. But Murdoch has been at the forefront of a group of publishers exploring ways that struggling newspapers can monetize their content through subscription revenues. The service is also expected to involve some Fox-produced TV shows and movies.
News Corp.'s overall operating profit for the quarter jumped 55% to $810 million. Net income plunged to $839 million from $2.7 billion, skewed by a $1.2 billion gain the year earlier on the sale of a subsidiary, NDS Group, and a separate $1.2 billion non-cash tax benefit.
Filmed entertainment income surged by 76% to $497 million — the highest recorded quarterly income ever for the segment, the company said.
Overall revenue rose 19% to $8.8 billion with growth across all major businesses including cable programming and newspapers and information, as well as film. A strong showing there more than offset another down quarter at Italian satellite broadcaster SKY Italia and digital media, led by MySpace.
"Avatar" has raked in more than $2.7 billion worldwide and will make News Corp. about $400 million, Murdoch said. (In an interview Tuesday with Fox Business Network, Murdoch said "Avatar" contributed "probably something a bit more than $200 million to this quarter and will produce more in the next quarter.")
The film unit's surge was also driven by the strong B.O. for "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel" and the home video performance of "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs," "X-Men Origins: Wolverine" and "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian." The quarter included launch costs for the theatrical releases of "Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief," "The Tooth Fairy" and "Date Night."
Cable network programming saw income jump 38% to $588 million. The division's star, the Fox News Channel, saw income rise 31%.
In broadcast television, operating income surged to $40 million from $9 million as improved numbers for the TV stations and MyNetworkTV offset a drag by the network.
Station profits surged 90%. Of that some 18% came from higher local advertising revenue and the rest from ongoing cost reductions.
Broadcast network profits fell on higher programming costs from increased licensing fees from returning shows, and lower advertising revenue due to lower ratings.
Newspapers and information services saw income surge to $131 million from $29 million on increased advertising revenue at The Wall Street Journal — up by 25% — and in the U.K. and cost containment initiatives across the newspaper businesses.
Both television and newspapers benefited from an upswing in advertising that Murdoch and News Corp. chief operating officer Chase Carey said was strong, crossed many categories, and showed no signs of letting up.
"We've got an ad market out there that looks great. We have some competition you haven't seen in a while among key sectors," said Carey.
HarperCollins book publishers swung to a $4 million profit from an $8 million loss a year ago. The "other" category, where News Corp. houses digital initiatives, saw losses widen to $150 million from $88 million. About $60 million in losses resulted from News Corp. selling part of its ownership stake in subsidiary NDS in February of 2009. The rest is from lower advertising and search revenue in digital media.
On a down day for the market overall, News Corp. shares dropped 4%, or 64 cents, to close at $15.40 on Tuesday, prior to the earnings announcement. Shares continued to dip in after-hours trading.


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The girl had been walking near the Boonton Township and Mountain Lakes border at about 5:40 when a late-model black pickup truck approached her, stopping about five feet away, police said.
The driver's window was rolled down, and the driver pointed what appeared to be a gun directly at the girl, police said. The gun was right in front of the driver's face, police said the girl told them.
But a few seconds later, a small, black passenger car came down the road, in the direction of the girl — and the pickup truck drove away, police said. As the second vehicle approached, the girl ran inside and told family members what happened, police said.
Police say the truck was described as having heavy tinted windows with a cap, and may have had four doors. The driver was described as a white man, about 55 years old, with a large build and brownish hair.
Police are asking that anyone with information contact the Boonton Township Police Department Detective Bureau at 973-402-4021 or 973-402-4022.
• More Morris County news: NJ.com/morris | Twitter | Facebook


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TransactionalDouble click on any word to get a popup explanation of the word and sample sentences Dictionary | Wikipedia | Synonyms | News
Transactional Meaning and Definition in Dictionary
Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'Transactional'?
Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'Transactional'
- Transactional NTFS: rather than adopting the Transactional NTFS API platform which may not be available in future versions of Windows. Transactional NTFS allows for files
- Transactional memory: computing. The motivation of transactional memory lies in the programming interface of parallel programs. The goal of a transactional memory system is to transparently
- SXM (transactional memory): SXM is a software transactional memory system under development at Microsoft Research. The SXM API is exposed via managed code and is used to synchronize
- Transactional analysis: developed the concept and paradigm of transactional analysis in the late 1950s. Eric Berne presented transactional analysis to the world as a phenomenological
- Transactional Synchronization Extensions: Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX) is an extension to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) that adds hardware transactional memory support
- Software transactional memory: In computer science, software transactional memory (STM) is a concurrency control mechanism analogous to database transactions for controlling access
- Transactional leadership: Transactional leadership, also known as managerial leadership, focuses on supervision, organization, and group performance; transactional leadership is
- International Transactional Analysis Association: International Transactional Analysis Association is a nonprofit educational organization which promotes the theory, methods and principles of transactional analysis
- Transactional interpretation: application of Heisenberg's knowledge interpretation to the transactional description. Transactional Interpretation faces criticisms. The following is partial


text:
Jackson Hewitt Tax Service
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•3 pounds chicken tenders, left whole or cut into bite-size pieces
•6 ounces cream of coconut
•1 egg
•2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
•1 package panko (Japanese-style bread crumbs)
•Milk, as needed
•Handful shredded coconut
•Vegetable oil, for frying
•Dipping sauce:
•6 ounces cream of coconut
•3/4 tablespoon flour
•3/4 tablespoon butter
•1 1/2 ounces rum or almond-flavored liqueur, such as Amaretto
•Milk, as needed
•1 can (8 ounces) crushed pineapple
In a large bowl, combine the cream of coconut, egg and a small amount of milk. Marinate chicken in mixture for at least 30 minutes.
In a separate bowl, mix together the flour, panko and coconut. Coat the chicken with the mixture.
Heat the vegetable oil in a skillet; add the chicken and deep-fry until golden brown. Be careful not to overcook as the coconut will burn quickly.
To prepare dipping sauce: When cooked through, remove chicken from skillet. In saucepan over low heat, cook the cream of coconut, flour, butter, rum or Amaretto. Add milk, if necessary, to achieve a sauce the consistency of a thick gravy.
Note: This dish can be served as a main course by serving the chicken over rice and pour the dipping sauce over all.
Coconut Chicken
on March 01, 2009 at 6:00 AM, updated March 01, 2009 at 6:37 AM
•3 pounds chicken tenders, left whole or cut into bite-size pieces


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HILLSBOROUGH — Another 50 positions, many of them in teaching, have been cut from the Hillsborough School District budget that was passed by the school board.
Superintendent Edward Forsthoffer also recommended that the previously-announced $113.8-million budget be reduced to $108.7 million, falling shy of this year's $109.3-million budget.
The public will vote on the budget in elections scheduled for April 20. Should it fail to receive more than 50% of votes cast, the township committee then is mandated to rework and pass a schools' spending plan -- something the committee would like to avoid, according to the superintendent.
"They don't want blood on their hands," Forsthoffer said on Friday at the high school during a public hearing on the budget held prior to the school board vote.
The latest slashes in personnel, along with those made in an earlier budget draft mean a total to 82 individuals will no longer work for the school district next year.
These further reductions come after the recent announcement by the governor that school districts would lose state aid in the amount of approximately 5% of their entire budgets. For Hillsborough, state aid will drop 19.6% from this year, requiring an extra $5.1 million to be cut.
The loss of state aid will require the tax levy for schools be raised 7.3 cents for every $100 of assessed property value.
The positions eliminated include 10 teachers in the high school, 10 in the middle school, seven in the intermediate school and five second-grade teachers, along with other cuts in specific programs.
Reduced positions would affect the district's gifted and talented program and the REACH program at Auten Road Intermediate School and the middle school, among others.
"All of our instrumental programs will remain in tact," said Forsthoffer on Friday, explaining that earlier proposed cuts to those programs had been rescinded.
Other positions are a groundskeeper and a few supervisors and secretaries. Forsthoffer also said there would be a 15% reduction in each of the following areas: middle school sports, high school sports, high school co-curricular activities and supplies.
"It's not going to be pretty," Forsthoffer told the Messenger-Gazette. "It's not going to be something we're going to roll out and put a happy face on it."
"I don't like the budget I'm presenting," Forsthoffer said on Friday.
All told, teaching would be reduced by 6.6% throughout the district. Administration would face a 16.24% reduction. Supply services costs would drop by 4.16% and non-staff related expenses would decrease by 1.91%.
The district is still not expanding its proposed tax-cap adjustment beyond the $2.2 million already announced. Forsthoffer had recommended that the district ask for a cap adjustment to raise more tax revenue than the 4% state-mandated cap for increases in the portion of a school district's budget that comes from tax dollars.
Negotiations are ongoing with representatives of both union and non-union staff, Forsthoffer said on Friday. A meeting with the teachers' union was scheduled for this past Tuesday, he said.
Under their current union contract, teachers are slated to receive a 4.4% pay increase.
"Certainly if there concessions, we could bring back positions," said Forsthoffer, noting that a salary freeze is also an option. "It all depends on negotiations."
Responding to a question by a member of the public if he would take a pay increase next year, Forsthoffer said his "raise is flat."
"At the end of this year, I don't automatically get a raise," he said.
Another audience member said his biggest concern was the increase class sizes that will result from teacher cuts.
"I cannot live with 30 kids in the classroom," the man said. "I can't support that. That's terrible."
He suggested that $1 million be added to the budget, raising the average tax bill from $250 to $340 per homeowner in order to keep about 18 teachers and help retain current class sizes. Otherwise parents would wind up paying anyway for tutors for their children.
Forsthoffer responded that budget reductions were spread out across the schools.
"We just don't have things to take out beyond class sizes," the superintendent said.
Another member of the public suggested that class size could be reduced and more teachers kept by making further cuts to non-academic programs.
A third resident echoed a similar theme when we told school board members, "I think the public wants you to restore as many positions as you can tonight. I see this as an investment in our children and an investment in our property values."
One woman said that she would support the 7.3-cent tax levy increase but that she and many of her neighbors would not support anything higher.
School Board Member Judith Haas' request to add $1 million to the budget and bring it back to last year's $109.3-million level was rejected.
Frank Mustac contributed to this story


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Shop with Sony this holiday season for the latest sales on Sony cameras, TV and audio gear – you can also catch real-time updates on Twitter via @SonyStore. Oh, and don't you worry about the shipping, we've got that covered too.
Still have questions? Need help finding the right product or gift? Give us a call at 877-865-7669 or shop online for the latest Cyber […] Read MoreRead More
Holiday time is almost here! If you plan on braving the crowds at the mall next week, see below for updated Sony Store hours.
For additional store information like locations and directions, visit our store listing page.Read More
The day is here! The full Sony Black Friday sales list. All deals exclude tax but include free standard ground shipping through 12/15.
Editor's Picks:
32″ Class (31.5″ diag.) BRAVIA BX320 HDTV (KDL-32BX320); sale $349.99 view deal VAIO® SB Series 13.3'' Laptop (VPCSB3AFX/WC) with sheet battery and case sale $799 view deal Free upgrade to Intel Core i7 processor on […] Read MoreRead More
What are you doing this Friday? Come on, you can tell me. You're going shopping, right? This Friday marks the day retailers and bargain hunters wait for all year, Black Friday. The day the prices drop, the stores are all open (the earlier, the better) and shoppers load up their carts, pace the aisles and walk off that extra piece […] Read MoreRead More
I could try to write something fun but let's face it. When we're in the Black Friday zone we don't care. Heck I've pushed mannequins over to get to what I need (true story, not proud). And what I need are sales, deals and prices. So for my fellow bargain shoppers out there, I wish you happy hunting and here's […] Read MoreRead More


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Introduction: Permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) near the lunar poles that only receive secondary illumination (reflected from Sun facing slopes) were imaged by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Cameras (NAC) [1]. Secondary lighting is optimal in polar areas around respective solstices and when the LRO orbit is nearly coincident with the sub-solar point (low spacecraft β-angles). The main goal of PSR imaging is to investigate the distribution of cold-trapped volatiles. The NAC PSR images may record evidence of surface frosts, unusual morphologies from ice rich regolith, and aid in planning potential landing sites for future in-situ exploration.
Secondary illumination imaging in PSRs requires NAC exposure times more than ten times greater than nominal imaging. The increased exposure time results in downtrack smear, which decreases the spatial resolution of the NAC PSR images. Most long exposure NAC images of PSRs were acquired with exposure times of 24.2-ms (1-m by 40-m pixels, sampled to 20-m) and 12-ms (1-m by 20-m, sampled to 10-m).
Polar Campaigns: The north polar campaign ran from February 2013 to April 2013. Relative to the south-polar region, PSRs near the north pole are generally smaller (D<24-km) and located in bowl shaped craters. Long exposure NAC images of PSRs in bowl shape craters were well illuminated by reflected light from crater walls during the northern summer solstice, allowing many PSRs to be imaged with the shorter exposure time of 12-ms (resampled to 10-m). With the exception of some craters in Peary crater, most notable PSRs were successfully imaged.
The third PSR south polar campaign began in April 2013 and will continue until October 2013. The third campaign will expand NAC coverage of PSRs following up on earlier discoveries with new images of higher signal to noise ratio (SNR), higher resolution, and varying secondary illumination conditions. Utilizing previous campaign images, and spacecraft data, an individualized approach for targeting each crater will drive this campaign.
Interior of PSRs: Secondary lighting within the PSRs, though somewhat diffuse, is at low incidence angles and coupled with nadir imaging of the NACs results in large phase angles. Such conditions tend to reduce albedo contrasts complicating identification of patchy frost or ice deposits. Within the long exposure PSR images, few small craters (D<200-m) with highly reflective ejecta blankets were identified and interpreted as small fresh impact craters. Sylvester N and Main L are Copernican-age craters with PSRs; NAC images reveal debris flows, boulders, and morphologically fresh interior walls indicative of their young age. The identifications of albedo anomalies associated with these fresh craters and debris flows indicate that strong albedo contrasts (~2x) can be distinguished in PSRs. Lunar highland material has an albedo of ~0.2, while pure water frost has an albedo of ~0.9. If PSRs have an albedo similar to lunar highlands, significant surface frost deposits could result in detectable reflective anomalies in the NAC images. However, no reflective anomalies have yet been identified in PSRs that can confidentially be attributed to water frost.
[1] S.D. Koeber and M.S. Robinson (2013)LPSC XLIV,Abstract#2588.


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Thursday, July 19, 2012
A missing two-year-old girl from Summerville has been found safe and unharmed in Lane, N.C.
An Amber Alert was issued early Thursday morning for two-year-old Haley Renae Briggs after she was allegedly abducted by her mother, 19-year-old Megan Marie Briggs, according to law enforcement officials. The Amber Alert was called off at about 1 p.m. Thursday, according to Captain Jon Rogers of the Summerville Police Department.
The incident occurred about 4 a.m. Thursday morning when Megan Marie Briggs, who had lost custody of Haley, allegedly entered a residence located at 122 High Bridge Road, in the Bridges of Summerville subdivision, took the child and then fled the area.
Haleys paternal grandparents, who have legal custody of the child, own the home, Rogers said.
Briggs fled with Haley in the grandparents car, a champagne-colored 2003 Buick Century sedan, Rogers said.
Rogers said details are still not clear, but apparently Briggs was visiting family members at a hospital in Haywood County, N.C., about 30 miles west of Asheville when she was found. She is currently in jail in North Carolina and will face charges of first degree burglary, kidnapping, and grand larceny in connection with this incident, Rogers said.
Haley is currently in the custody of the North Carolina Dept. of Social Services; family members are enroute to bring her back to Summerville, Rogers said.
The investigation continues.
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So all that talk about democracy and unity and cracking the glass ceiling was fine and dandy but my favorite HIllary Clinton line of the night was the reference to "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pantsuit." You gotta love an ex-First Lady and ex-presidential hopeful who can make a pop cultural reference to her wardrobe.
But the morning after the Democratic National Convention the fastest fashion buzz is about the necklace rather than the pant suit, which was a soft, pumpkin color and not the Republican red that my cheap television made it out to be.. She wore a three-strand, 18 carat yellow gold necklace with semi-precious stones. Between the pantsuit and the citrine, amethyst and blue topaz jewelry, she gave Crayola a bit of competition. And she looked great.
Carl Greve Jewelers carries Marco Bicego collection at its downtown Portland and the Bridgeport Village stores just in case you are dying to accessorize like Ms.H.R.C.


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SPRINGFIELD — A bear that was spotted roaming through Springfield today has been chased up a tree, police said.
"Right now, we have the bear, it climbed up a tree and officers are standing by," said Lt. Damon Quirk.
The bear, which officials believe is a cub, was still in a tree in the area of 130 Mountain Avenue as of 11:30 a.m., Quirk said.
One wildlife officer is on the scene, and police are waiting for another before they tranquilize and remove the bear, Quirk said.


text:
Author Affiliations: Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (Drs Baker, Wong, and Wang), and Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (Dr Hand), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Dr Wong); Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute (Drs Liew, Mitchell, and Wang and Ms Rochtchina) and Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School–Western, Westmead Hospital (Dr Lindley), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (Dr Hankey).Group Information: A full list of the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study Group was published previously (Stroke. 2008;3[4]:297-305).
The vascular pathogenesis underlying lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear.
To determine whether certain retinal microvascular signs are associated with lobar ICH to improve understanding of its underlying cerebral vasculopathy.
Prospective cohort study.
Royal Melbourne Hospital and Westmead Hospital.
Of 655 patients with acute stroke, 25 had lobar ICH, 51 had deep ICH, 93 had lacunar infarction, and 486 had nonlacunar cerebral infarction.
Main Outcome Measures
Retinal photographs were assessed for retinopathy lesions (microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and hard exudates) and retinal arteriolar wall signs (focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, and enhanced arteriolar wall light reflex) masked to the cerebral pathologic abnormalities and the study hypothesis.
In patients without diabetes mellitus, retinopathy lesions were more likely to be present in persons with lobar ICH than in those with either lacunar infarction (47.8% vs 30.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-10.9) or nonlacunar cerebral infarction (47.8% vs 24.6%; 3.3;1.4-8.1). Most retinal arteriolar wall signs were less frequent in lobar ICH than in deep ICH, although this difference was significant only for focal arteriolar narrowing.
Patients with lobar ICH were more likely than patients with lacunar or nonlacunar cerebral infarction to have retinopathy lesions, suggesting breakdown of the blood-retina barrier in patients with lobar ICH. These findings support a distinct vasculopathy in lobar ICH compared with other acute stroke subtypes resulting from cerebral small vessel disease or ischemic infarction.
Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately one-third of primary ICH.1 Unlike small deep ICH and infarcts, thought to be caused mainly by intracranial small vessel disease, and nonlacunar cerebral infarcts, usually caused by embolism of a thrombus from a proximal source in the heart, aortic arch, or other extracranial large arteries, the pathogenesis of lobar ICH is complex. Causal hypotheses for lobar ICH include arteriovenous malformations (in younger patients), amyloid angiopathy (in older patients), bleeding diatheses (eg, oral anticoagulation), and hemorrhagic transformation of nonlacunar cerebral infarction.2 However, uncertainty remains as to whether some patients with lobar ICH may have a distinct underlying vasculopathy that predisposes them to arterial rupture in the cortical-subcortical region of the cerebral hemispheres.3
The retinal vasculature offers a means for noninvasively studying cerebrovascular pathologic abnormalities because the retinal and cerebral small vessels are developmentally of similar size and share physiologic characteristics. Also, the blood-retinal barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier.4,5 Retinal microvascular signs were previously shown to predict clinical stroke events6- 8 and stroke mortality7,9 and to vary according to different ischemic stroke subtypes.10- 12 We reported that patients with small deep ICH11 and lacunar infarcts,12 presumably caused by intracranial small vessel disease, were more likely than patients with nonlacunar cerebral infarction to have retinal arteriolar wall signs (ie, severe focal arteriolar narrowing and arteriovenous nicking) that are suggestive of small vessel disease in the retina. Consistent with another study,10 in other reports from the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study, we did not find that patients with deep ICH or lacunar stroke had a higher prevalence of retinopathy lesions (microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and hard exudates).11,12
Although deep (lacunar) ICH is known to be associated with retinal arteriolar wall signs due to hypertension, we hypothesized that patients with lobar ICH may have a distinct spectrum of retinal microvascular signs that differ from those seen in deep ICH and cerebral infarction, possibly due to amyloid angiopathy. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by examining the frequency of retinal microvascular signs in patients with lobar ICH, comparing this with the frequency in patients with deep ICH, lacunar infarction, or nonlacunar cerebral infarction.
The study sample consisted of participants from the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study, a hospital-based study of patients with acute stroke, between February 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. Detailed methods have been described elsewhere.13 In brief, only patients with acute stroke (n = 842) from the Australian arms of the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study (Sydney and Melbourne) were included in this study (the Singapore site did not recruit patients with ICH). Written informed consent was obtained from patients or their next of kin. The study was approved by the human research ethics committees of the respective hospitals.
Patients were admitted to the hospital generally within 1 to 2 days after the stroke event. All the patients underwent a standardized questionnaire interview, a neurological examination, brain imaging, and an extensive assessment of atherosclerotic diseases and their risk factors. Blood pressure was measured on admission, and if it was elevated, antihypertensive medication was commenced. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were diagnosed according to self-reported history of these conditions, including the use of relevant medications (antihypertensive medications, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, and lipid-lowering medications, respectively). Cigarette smoking status was also self-reported. In the present study, we included 655 patients after excluding 43 cases classified as stroke mimics, 93 as transient ischemic attacks, 29 as secondary ICH, and 22 as having ungradable retinal images.
A final consensus diagnosis of acute stroke was made for each patient by a panel of stroke experts with access to the clinical information and neuroimaging. All the patients underwent computed tomography (CT), and a subset underwent magnetic resonance imaging.13 The finding of a hyperdense intraparenchymal or intraventricular lesion on CT (that was not determined to be calcium) led to a diagnosis of ICH (lobar or deep ICH differentiated by location); hemorrhagic transformation of an infarction was coded as a cerebral infarct, and ICH due to secondary causes, such as trauma, neoplasm, or arteriovenous malformation, was excluded. Cerebral infarction was subclassified using a pragmatic modification of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification, as adopted by the Greater Metropolitan Clinical Taskforce for Stroke in New South Wales, Australia.14 Ischemic stroke subtypes were classified into 5 core etiologic groups: large vessel atherosclerosis, small vessel (lacunar) atherosclerosis, cardioembolic infarction, stroke of other etiology, and stroke of undetermined etiology. Nonlacunar cerebral infarction included large vessel atherosclerosis and cardioembolic infarction.
Retinal photography was performed within the first week of admission to the hospital. Retinal photography procedures are described elsewhere.13 All the study participants had up to 6 retinal photographic fields taken of each eye, mimicking fields 1 to 6 of the Diabetic Retinopathy Study,15 using a nonmydriatic digital camera (Canon D60; Canon, Tokyo, Japan), after pharmacologic pupil dilation in most patients. Deidentified images were graded centrally at the Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney. Retinal arteriolar wall signs were graded as absent, mild, or severe for focal arteriolar narrowing (Figure 1), arteriovenous nicking (Figure 2, arrow), and enhanced arteriolar light reflex (Figure 2). Isolated retinopathy lesions (microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and hard exudates [Figure 3]) in patients with or without diabetes were graded as either present or absent. The grading was performed by comparing with a standard set of images for various retinal microvascular signs, as previously described.6,7 All retinal lesions detected were adjudicated by a senior researcher (J.J.W.) and a retinal specialist (P.M.).
Focal arteriolar narrowing (arrows).
Enhanced arteriolar wall light reflex and arteriovenous nicking (arrow).
Retinopathy lesions in a patient without diabetes but with hypertension: hemorrhage (white arrow), microaneurysm (yellow arrow), and cotton-wool spots (black arrow).
Acute stroke subtypes (including lobar ICH) were independent variables, and retinal microvascular signs were dependent variables. We constructed logistic regression models to assess the associations of lobar ICH with various retinal vascular signs compared with deep ICH, lacunar infarction, and nonlacunar cerebral infarction in separate models. Models were adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking status. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.
Of the 655 patients (77.8% of 842 patients recruited from the Melbourne and Sydney centers), 25 were classified as lobar ICH, 51 as deep ICH, 93 as lacunar infarction, and 486 as nonlacunar cerebral infarction. Of the 25 lobar ICH cases, 24 (96.0%) were white, and the remaining patient was Chinese. Two patients had diabetes. Hematoma location was recorded in 16 of these patients with lobar ICH: 3 in the right hemisphere, 13 in the left hemisphere, and 0 in the brainstem. For most patients with lobar ICH, the mean (SD) hematoma size was 35.3 (14.9) mm (range, 10-70 mm). Only 3 patients with lobar ICH were recorded as using anticoagulant medications on hospital admission.
Patient characteristics and vascular risk factors by acute stroke subtypes are given in Table 1. Patients with lobar ICH were more likely to be older (73.0 vs 64.9 years) and white (96.0% vs 76.5%) than were those with deep ICH. Patients with lobar ICH were less likely than those with lacunar infarction and nonlacunar cerebral infarction to have hypertension (40.0% vs 65.6% and 64.6%) or to be prescribed an antiplatelet agent (20.8% vs 42.9% and 44.1%). However, patients with lobar ICH were more likely than those with lacunar infarction to have atrial fibrillation (23.8% vs 2.3%) and dementia (29.2%) compared with deep ICH (7.8%), lacunar infarction (2.2%), or nonlacunar cerebral infarction (5.4%).
Retinopathy and severe arteriovenous nicking were more frequently present in patients with lobar ICH (48.0% and 36.0%, respectively) and deep ICH (42.0% and 40.4%) than in those with lacunar infarction (35.5% and 22.5%) and nonlacunar cerebral infarction (31.9% and 21.2%). In contrast, severe focal arteriolar narrowing and severe enhanced arteriolar light wall reflex were less frequently present in patients with lobar ICH (12.0% and 17.4%) or nonlacunar cerebral infarction (13.2% and 19.9%) than in those with deep ICH (31.9% and 31.9%) and lacunar infarction (19.8% and 24.7%). After multivariable adjustment, lobar ICH was significantly associated with the presence of any retinopathy lesions (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3-6.9) compared with nonlacunar cerebral infarction (Table 2). Lobar ICH did not differ significantly from deep ICH and lacunar cerebral infarction in its associations with retinopathy lesions or retinal arteriolar wall signs except for focal narrowing, which was less frequent in lobar ICH compared with deep ICH.
After excluding the 2 patients with lobar ICH (8.0%) who had diabetes, retinopathy lesions were present in 11 of the 23 patients with lobar ICH without diabetes. Retinopathy lesions were more frequent in patients with lobar ICH than in those with either nonlacunar cerebral infarction (47.8% vs 24.6%; adjusted OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-8.1) or lacunar infarction (47.8% vs 30.4%; adjusted OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-10.9) (Table 3).
Of the different retinopathy lesions in patients with acute stroke without diabetes, microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages were more frequent in patients with lobar ICH (47.8%) than in patients with deep ICH (36.6%), lacunar infarction (26.1%), or nonlacunar cerebral infarction (22.0%). Cotton-wool spots were also more frequent in patients with lobar ICH (17.4%) than in other stroke subtypes. Hard exudates were not found in any patients with lobar ICH.
The proportion of patients with various retinal vascular signs did not differ significantly between patients with lobar ICH and hypertension and those without hypertension (focal arteriolar narrowing: 0% vs 20.0%, P = .13; arteriovenous nicking: 30.0% vs 40.0%, P = .61; enhanced arteriolar wall light reflex: 11.1% vs 21.4%, P = .52; and retinopathy lesions: 50.0% vs 46.7%, P = .87).
We previously compared patients with acute stroke and deep ICH and those with lacunar and nonlacunar cerebral infarction in terms of their association with retinal vascular signs and reported that patients with deep ICH were more likely to have retinal arteriolar wall signs similar to lacunar infarction.11 In contrast to patients with deep ICH, in this study, we found that after excluding patients with diabetes compared with patients with lacunar or nonlacunar cerebral infarction, those with lobar ICH were more likely to have retinopathy lesions, reflecting a breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and indicating the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Patients with lobar ICH were less likely to have focal arteriolar narrowing compared with those with deep ICH. These findings lend support to a distinct vasculopathy underlying lobar ICH compared with other stroke subtypes.
At least 5 distinct pathologic entities leading to small vessel damage in the brain have been proposed: (1) an intrinsic arteriolar wall abnormality termed lipohyalinosis (a destructive wall lesion containing mural foam cells and fibrinoid necrosis in some acute lesions),16 (2) a degenerative "atherosclerotic" type termed hyaline arteriosclerosis (a concentric thickening of the hyaline wall seen commonly in old age),12 (3) amyloid angiopathy (caused by neuron-derived β-amyloid infiltration into the vessel wall),17 (4) insidious endothelial (blood-brain barrier) dysfunction,18 and (5) other rare causes.19 Retinal arteriolar wall signs, often related to hypertension, are also proposed to be caused by an intrinsic arteriolar abnormality, such as lipohyalinosis or arteriosclerosis.
Retinopathy lesions are relatively infrequent in the general, nondiabetic population (7%-11%)4 compared with the prevalence in the present patients with lobar ICH(48%). In the general, nondiabetic older population, retinopathy lesions have been reported to be associated with clinical stroke,6- 9 subclinical cerebral infarction,20 white matter lesions,21 cerebral atrophy,22 and cognitive decline.23,24 Retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms and hemorrhages, have been linked to disruption of the blood-retina barrier25 leading to neuronal and glial damage. Cotton-wool spots are signs of ischemic infarction in the retinal nerve fiber layer.10,26
The present study did not find a difference in the frequency of retinopathy lesions between lobar and deep ICH but rather found a difference between lobar ICH and ischemic stroke (lacunar and nonlacunar cerebral infarction). This may be due to small numbers and, thus, lack of power. However, the finding that focal arteriolar narrowing was significantly less frequent in lobar ICH compared with deep ICH lends additional support to the hypothesis that a different vasculopathy may occur in lobar ICH. This is also in keeping with current knowledge that hypertension is a major risk factor for deep ICH27,28 but not for lobar ICH.29,30 In population-based studies, focal arteriolar narrowing was associated with acute hypertension31,32 and current elevated blood pressure levels.33 Focal arteriolar narrowing is proposed to occur when blood pressure rises above the upper limit of autoregulation, ranging from 130 to 160 mm Hg.34
The present study also demonstrated that dementia was more common in patients with lobar ICH (29.2%)than in those with deep ICH (7.8%) or lacunar (2.2%) or nonlacunar (5.4%) infarction (Table 1). This finding is consistent with findings from other studies3 and supports the hypothesis that some lobar ICH cases may be due to amyloid angiopathy35 caused by neuron-derived β-amyloid infiltration into the vessel wall, as seen in Alzheimer disease.36 In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study population (8374 participants aged 51-70 years), participants with retinopathy lesions had poorer cognitive function across 3 neuropsychological tests.24 However, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study did not demonstrate any association of retinal arteriolar wall signs with poorer cognitive function. One proposed mechanism for the association of retinopathy lesions with lobar ICH and dementia may involve diffuse degeneration of the endothelial wall with β-amyloid infiltration, leading to rupture37 or breakdown of the blood-brain barrier,38 and manifest in parallel with the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier indicated by retinopathy lesions.
The strengths of the present study include its prospective recruitment of a relatively large sample of patients, including all ages (aged 19-94 years) and a wide spectrum of stroke severity, standardized masked evaluation of retinal photographs by graders, and the use of validated diagnostic criteria for stroke subtypes by stroke physicians. There are 4 important limitations of this study. First, the few patients with lobar ICH (n = 25) may not be a representative sample for lobar ICH cases and could have limited the study power to detect weak associations of lobar ICH with retinal arteriolar wall signs. The high prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with lobar ICH and the low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores in the overall study sample indicate selection bias. This was unavoidable in this study owing to the requirement to obtain high-quality retinal images, for which a precondition for recruitment was that the patients could tolerate 15 to 20 minutes in a sitting position for the photography to be performed. Second, the brain CTs were assessed without masking to a patient's hypertension status, and this may have affected hemorrhage location detection and, hence, introduced nondifferential misclassification, particularly for large hemorrhages. However, because focal arteriolar narrowing was significantly less frequent in lobar compared with deep ICH (focal arteriolar narrowing and deep ICH are known to be related to hypertension), such misclassification, if any, may be minimal. Third, some lobar ICH cases may have been misdiagnosed as cases that were early, severe hemorrhagic transformation of nonlacunar cerebral infarction. Spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation of nonlacunar cerebral infarction occurs in up to 15% of ischemic strokes39 within the first few days of the events, and the possibility of misclassification with ICH is greatest in patients with minor stroke undergoing brain CT 24 hours or longer after the stroke event.40 Supporting this possibility is the high frequency of atrial fibrillation in patients with lobar ICH (24%), higher than any other acute stroke subgroup but similar to the frequency observed in nonlacunar cerebral infarction (21%), a condition commonly caused by thromboembolism from atrial fibrillation. We did not collect data on the timing of brain CT in relation to the onset of stroke symptoms, and neither did we routinely record information on gradient-echo sequences to assess the frequency of amyloid angiopathy at the 2 Australian sites. Fourth, because this study was cross-sectional, we do not know whether retinopathy lesions predispose to lobar ICH or are secondary to lobar ICH. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the link between retinopathy and lobar ICH.
The Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study sample size was calculated primarily for comparison of retinal microvascular signs in lacunar vs nonlacunar cases,12 and the present findings from hemorrhagic stroke are primarily hypothesis generating. Despite the statistical power issues, the finding of an association between lobar ICH and retinopathy lesions is novel, supporting the hypothesis that lobar ICH has a different specific underlying microvascular disease associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
In summary, in this study of patients with acute stroke, those with lobar ICH were more likely to have retinopathy signs compared with patients with either lacunar or nonlacunar cerebral infarction. Other retinal arteriolar signs were less frequent in patients with lobar ICH than in those with other stroke subtypes. This pattern of association (retinopathy associated with lobar ICH and retinal arteriolar wall signs associated with deep ICH11 and lacunar infarction)12,41 supports the hypothesis of a distinct vasculopathy underlying lobar ICH, possibly cerebral amyloid angiopathy, leading to disruption and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
Correspondence: Jie Jin Wang, MMed, PhD, Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney C24, Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145 Australia (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: April 22, 2010.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Baker, Hand, Wong, Mitchell, Lindley, Hankey, and Wang. Acquisition of data: Baker, Hand, Liew, and Lindley. Analysis and interpretation of data: Baker, Hand, Wong, Liew, Rochtchina, Lindley, Hankey, and Wang. Drafting of the manuscript: Baker, Hand, and Hankey. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Baker, Wong, Liew, Rochtchina, Mitchell, Lindley, Hankey, and Wang. Statistical analysis: Baker and Rochtchina. Obtained funding: Wong, Mitchell, Lindley, Hankey, and Wang. Administrative, technical, and material support: Hand and Liew. Study supervision: Hand, Liew, Lindley, Hankey, and Wang.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by grant ID 352337 from the National Health and Medical Research Council, by grant 2005-2014 from the National Health & Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship (Dr Wang), and by an infrastructure grant from NSW Health (Dr Lindley).
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Posted: September 12, 2008 3 a.m. EDT
Q: I have a 9-year-old husky cat and eight others; all are neutered or spayed. The three male cats spray anything and everything. Sometimes my husky even lifts his leg in the house. I tried an atomizer in an electrical wall socket close to the living room carpet, but he just sniffed the diffuser, turned around and sprayed on it!
How do I solve this problem? My eight cat boxes are cleaned daily. There are four cat boxes in the living room, one on the back door step area leading to the basement, and three in the basement. I understand cat behavior on why they mark territory, such as insecurity, "this area is mine," dominance, etc.
Can you give me more insight? I've practically given up. All I do is clean up, and it is a lot of work.
Help! Please give me whatever advice you have to offer!
A: A variety of factors trigger male cat spraying and your husky's need to leave his calling card. All of these triggers need to be addressed.
A very thorough cleanup of the sprayed areas has to be done with a really good enzyme cleaner. All enzyme cleaners are not created equal! Unfortunately there are some popular ones that aren't as effective as we would like them to be. A thorough cleanup is mandatory because cats continue to spray or urinate on areas that have not been thoroughly cleaned up. This can be a Herculean task if the urine has soaked into hard to clean areas like sofas, pillows and carpets.
Another harsh reality is that you might have too many cats for the living area. Short of finding great homes for a couple of the kitties, you can increase their living area by increasing the vertical territory. Add tall cat trees that are at least 6 feet tall, and add shelves and window perches in popular areas of the house. Installing a high shelf, approximately 18-20 inches from the ceiling around the perimeter of the room, also will help increase the vertical territory. When adding the shelves, make sure they have many access and exit points for the cats. This should help reduce some of the stress and allow the cats to demonstrate their hierarchy in a way that is acceptable to us humans with quasi-sensitive noses.
The current cat box configuration needs to be changed. Instead of the boxes being clustered together in a couple of rooms, each litterbox should be located in a different area in the house, making it next to impossible for any animal to resource guard. A cat that is resource guarding usually lies down outside of the room that contains the cat boxes. The other resident cats have to walk by the cute little cat rolling on his back in order to use the litterbox. When there is a potential difference of opinions between cats, they sometimes avoid confrontation by finding other areas to use as latrines and/or to spray.
Litterboxes need to be uncovered and placed in areas that cats easily can escape from. Closets and showers are not good locations for litterboxes, since cats easily can feel trapped in those locations.
An atomizer is not a magic bullet. It is very effective when used in conjunction with proper litterbox management, environmental changes (vertical territory) and behavior modification.
sk n haven, CT
lucky i never had this problem
Thank goodness my cats don't do this. Phew!
Jennifer Suwanee, GA
Thank goodness my male cat has never sprayed and has always gone in the box. He's an only cat too.
Dean Oceanside, CA
My boys are neutered. They have never sprayed!
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A. Frosty-Prayers for all of our furiends!.
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"Low Cost Clothing Crafts" eBook
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Look stylish without emptying your wallet with this free, printable collection of 32 low-cost clothing crafts. Create new shirts, sweaters, jewelry and other accessories with inexpensive materials, or reinvent something you already own. Whether you crochet, knit, sew or do none of the above, you will find just the right project for you. Turn unexpected household items, such as bread tags, into fun and funky fashion.
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