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The Pacific Cancer Foundation and Mana'olana Pink Paddlers are joining forces to provide greater support to Maui's cancer survivors and caregivers.
"The journey through cancer is a hard and difficult road at best, and our organizations can provide the love, information and support which can make their journey easier," said Pacific Cancer Foundation Executive Director Jeff Scharnhorst.
"That is our mission, and we are passionate about it!" Mana'olana Pink Paddlers President Mary Dungans added, according to a news release.
Pacific Cancer Foundation offers a Survivor Support Group from 5:30 to 6:45 p.m. Mondays and a Caregivers Support Group from 5:30 to 6:45 p.m. Tuesdays. Both support groups meet at the Cameron Center. "Pacific Cancer Foundation offers these groups and more to help those in times of need at no charge," said group facilitator Linda Tesar-Amimoto.
Mana'olana Pink Paddlers offers cancer survivors and caregivers the opportunity to paddle outrigger canoes every Tuesday and Thursday morning at 8:15 a.m. to help regain health and promote wellness.
To learn more about the Pacific Cancer Foundation contact Tesar-Amimoto at
269-3948. Information about Mana'olana Pink Paddlers may be obtained by calling Dungans at 876-1553.
On the Web:


text:
Kiss My Face Sun Screen SPF 18 with Oat Protein Complex
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Kiss My Face combines Oat Protein and Oat Beta Glucan, a dynamic duo of patented ingredients reduce irritation and inflammation and also fight against damaging free-radicals as they lubricate and moisturize your skin. Talk about hard workers! Oat Beta Glucan has been clinically proven to reduce burn cells by 80%. But that's only half the story. Kiss My Face starts with a base of Titanium Dioxide to block out dangerous rays and Microat E to act as a cooling agent. Its easy and quick to apply, water resistant, fragrance-free, and as natural as possible. Protects Against UVA & UVB. As always, our products contain no animal ingredients, artificial colors, or unnecessary chemicals and were not tested on animals.
- Ramsey Outdoor
Kiss My Face Sun Screen SPF 18 with Oat Protein Complex
previously retailed for:
The Kiss My Face Sun Screen SPF 18 with Oat Protein Complex is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen July 20, 2013 at Ramsey Outdoor.
If you're looking for a new sunscreen, check out the best reviewed current models.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
on January 21, 2013 - 11:49 PM
, updated January 22, 2013 at 2:06 AM
When something that has been part of your world for as long as you can remember is missing, it leaves a void that nothing can fill.
You try to find positives. You focus on the things you can do, now that you are not distracted by the thing that otherwise takes up so much time and energy, and dominates your conversation. But for all its flaws, for the many ways it drives you crazy, costs you money and makes you neglect other parts of your life, you still feel lost without it, and you want it to return.
That's why I want to say: Welcome back, winter. I missed you.
Our relationship with the season that so many people from outside the region consider a synonym for Buffalo is complicated. Privately and to one another, we will complain about any number of things related to bitterly cold temperatures, heavy snow and gray, sunless days. But watch our backs go up when some outsider makes the same observation.
Because in Western New York, winter is family. It's the relative that comes to visit, usually at a time you weren't quite expecting, overstays its welcome and then doesn't show up for another eight months. Last year, it never came. The days were too warm. The lake never froze. There was hardly any snow. That's not the Western New York winter I know.
Mine can be found in weather forecasts, such as this week's, that show high temperatures lower than the legal driving age – with wind chill factors that even people in the Yukon consider brisk – followed by days that reach 25 degrees that we call a "warm-up."
It can be found in communities where demand for outdoor skating rinks continues to grow. In East Aurora, the rink was so popular that it became a year-round enterprise. In Lewiston, the rink in Academy Park already has drawn more people this winter than it did all of last year. And in North Tonawanda, the city is converting the old, unused bocce court at Pinewoods Park on Christiana Street into a rink.
It can be found in never-ending debates between parents and children about wearing a scarf or a hat or gloves or boots – "But, Mom, it's not even that cold!" – and in the bravado of teenage boys who don't let a towel touch their hair after getting out of the shower in the morning and arrive at school with a frozen head.
It can be found not just on the demanding slopes at ski resorts, but on the hills of Chestnut Ridge in Orchard Park, whose unspoiled beauty prompted Boston Globe writer Kevin Paul Dupont to pen a column last month that bordered on poetry. "Ah, but to be there atop Chestnut Ridge, with life's volume turned low, its pace slowed, the world minimized to the pleasure and task of blending sport with gravity. …"
Winter should inspire poetry, as have all things that are both beautiful and painful. We've finally begun to celebrate its significance, with an assortment of wintertime events outdoors and parties that by all rights should one day be as popular as the food and art festivals that define our summers.
While good summers are a dime a dozen, few communities can match our kind of winter. To borrow a phrase from two Canadian talk show hosts over the weekend who were talking about hockey, it's what we are.
Which reminds me, winter: Thanks for bringing the Sabres back with you. I missed them, too.
email: email@example.com


text:
I did a step by step for newbies to decide for themselves if they can tackle the job of brushless conversion.
Large photos and the steps has color bullets that corresponds to the call out in the appropriate photo.
With links to places you can buy the parts as well. Mainly the brushless kit. (That is very popular and always sell out. Sounds like the next round of availability is about to drop any time now)
Of course, hosting on MakeProject which uses the Dozuki software. You can view via the Dozuki app on the iPhone or iPad, or simply print out as a formatted PDF to take to your workbench.
(Anybody can sign up and augment the instructions too.)
Have a look:
Blade Nano CP X "Mild" Brushless Upgrade
One of my friends has two of Dylans brushless kits that are brand new, that he is looking to sell
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
ok if that is the fet mine looks fine. I can't see even a hint of something wrong with it except that the tail comes on as soon as the battery is connected. I am lost, don't want to mail my board off to someone if that isn't the problem. I think I will give HH a call but just don't expect a second board replacement from them. I mean they are good but 2 boards is a lot to ask.
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
I am ignorant about this so maybe this won't make sense but what does a blown fet do? I thought you were right but now that I think about it I can make the tail slow down and speed up so is it still most likely the fet? I kind of thought if it was the fet it was all or nothing. It really seems like the tail throttle curve (if that existed) is reversed, off is on and on is off.
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
HH said esc is prob out, buy a new board. Grrrr, I don't want to buy a new board. As I am staring at the board willing it to not be broken I see that I have recently replaced every broken part and it is in the best shape it has been in since day 1 (except the canopy but scotch tape is my friend). Now the question is new board or new heli and just have a full set of spares for $80. Or secret option 3 try to sell here and get a few bucks and just buy a mcpx bl instead, I like my mcpx better than the nano anyway.
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
That's too bad. You can always try calling back. If you get your board repaired, make sure to double check your tail wires. To ensure there's no nick to cause issues on a newly repaired board.
Otherwise, get the new mCPX if you like the mCPX better. Not sure if you originally purchased the nano as a indoor bird. If that was the intention, the BL mCPX may not solve the issue for you.
Of you're in the states, PM me and let me see what options we have. That is, if you care to keep on going with the Nano.
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
I feel like I am blowing up this thread with my problem but here goes another question. Does a tail fet go out gradually? I have been having tail holding problems for a while. It prompted me to fix a lot of things on my nano but never resolved and assumed it was a main motor dying. The tail was blowing out completely when I tried to flip. I couldn't even recover and keep it in the air. After I replaced the motor is when the whole possible tail fet thing started, I never connected the two.
I have an isssue. I dunno if its a battery or motor. I just have really low to no headspeed. Ive haven't replaced the motor yet so that's probably it. Ill probably just get batteries and a motor.
Joined Aug 2012
549 Posts
As to your other post, I don't fly inside, I like outside. I do think I am going to send everything off to NCcraig and if he can fix it I will put the mild bl kit on it at the same time. If not I will figure something out...
Australia, NSW, Newcastle
Joined Jun 2012
314 Posts
A fet is a transistor, pretty much a fast acting relay on go go juice. Usually a transistor blows rapidly, locking itself in either the open or closed position. This is usually depending on many variables, but the outcome is usually the same, it either won't work, or won't stop working.
But in saying that, all electronics have means of surprising us, just as a relay in a car, they might start deminishing slow enough to sense a problem. Sometimes they get temporarily stuck, or become slow to move.
I think the general consensus is correct here in being a dead fet, but knowing is a matter of changing it out and crossing fingers. That is a beautiful solder job on that one in the pics, much better than I can do. Perhaps if you ask someone really nicely they can help you out. The fet itself is probably worth $0.97 (just taking a guess) so it is definitely worth giving it a go.
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text:
These fatty acids (also called polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) have 2 or more cis double bonds which are the most frequently separated from each other by a single methylene group (methylene-interrupted polyenes). Linoleic acid is a typical member of this group. Some rare polyenoic fatty acids may have also a trans double bond. A graphical chart of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals may be found on Wikipedia web site.
methylene-interrupted double bonds
Some other polyunsaturated fatty acids undergo a migration of one of their double bonds which are not again methylene-interrupted and are known as conjugated fatty acids.
conjugated double bonds
Some unusual fatty acids have not the regular structure with a methylene group between two double bonds but are polymethylene-interrupted polyenes (known also as non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids). They are found in certain classes of bacteria, plants, marine invertebrates and insects.
polymethylene-interrupted double bonds
Rare fatty acids have allenic double bonds. They are found in some higher plants.
allenic double bonds
Very rare fatty acids have cumulenic double bonds. They are present in some higher plants.
cumulenic double bonds
The most important fatty acids can be grouped into 2 series with a common structural feature: CH3(CH2)xCH=R . x=4 for the (n-6) series and x=1 for the (n-3) series and x=7 for the (n-9) series.
Some rare fatty acids have other structural features.
Below, as an example, we give the structure of a common polyene of the (n-3) series having the double bonds in the 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 positions (eicosapentaenoic acid or osbond acid).
The commonest polyenoic fatty acids are listed below:
Systematic name
Trivial name
Shorthand designation
Molecular wt.
|linoleic acid
|g-linolenic acid
|dihomo-g-linolenic acid
|arachidonic acid
osbond acid
|a-linolenic acid
|stearidonic acid
|DPA ou clupanodonic acid
|nisinic acid
|Mead acid
It was isolated in 1844 by Sacc (Ann 1844, 51, 213), and after a long controversy its exact structure was clarified in 1939 (Hilditch TP et al., J Soc Chem Ind 1939, 58, 233) and it was synthesized only in 1950 (Raphael RA et al., Nature, 1950, 165, 235).
It cannot be synthesized by animals which must find it in plant foodstuff. It is said an essential fatty acid for animals. Walnut, peanut, seeds of sunflower, grape, corn, sesame and soya contain large amounts of that fatty acid. Linoleic acid is the precursor of all the (n-6) series formed by desaturation and elongation.
Two trans isomers of linoleic acid have been detected in seed oils. The 9c,12t isomer (M.P. = -5°C) was found in Crepis rubra and the 9t,12t isomer (M.P. = 29°C) was found in Chilopsis linearis.
It has been reported that linoleic acid is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (0.45-2.7g/100g fresh insect, 9-21% of total FA) in insect body (Yang LF et al., J Food Lipids 2006, 13, 277-285).
It was first isolated in 1940 from phospholipids from beef suprarenal glands by Shinowara GY et al. (J Biol Chem 1940, 134, 331) and its structure was elucidated three years later by Arens CL et al. (Biochem J 1943, 37, 1). The first total synthesis of arachidonic acid was made in 1961 (Osbond JM et al., J Chem Soc 1961, p.2779).
Rare in the plant kingdom, it can be found in some fungi, mosses and ferns but is a major component of several microalgae and some marine brown algae. It was shown to be abundant in a green alga, Parietochloris incisa, where it reaches up to 47% of the triglyceride pool (Bigogno C et al. Phytochemistry 2002, 60, 497). Unlike higher plants, mosses contain substantial levels of arachidonic acid, protonema cells containing 20-40% of this compound (Gellerman JL et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1975, 388, 277). The production of arachidonic acid by microorganisms (fungi, microalgae) has been reviewed by Ratledge C (Structured and modified lipids, Gunstone FD Ed, M Dekker, NY 2001, p. 351). In the 1960s certain fungi were found to have lipids with a high content of arachidonic acid (more than 50% of the total fatty acids). Mortierella alpina (Zygomycetes) was selected for the development of an industrial fermentation process (Suntory in Japan, Martek in USA, and DSM in The Netherlands). An extensive overview of process investigations related to microbial and microalgae productions of arachidonic acid (and g-linolenic acid) may bee consulted (Owen PW et al., Proc Biochem 2005, 40, 3627).
The production of arachidonic acid in transgenic plants which might lead to a sustained source of that fatty acid for use in human and animal food was reviewed by Domergue F et al. (Trends Plant Sci 2005, 10, 113).
Its current commercial application is the supplementation of infant formula.
Oxidations of arachidonic acid by reactive oxygen radicals generate several oxidized lipids known as iso-eicosanoids (isoprostanoids and isoleukotrienes). A unique family of free radical-generated derivatives generated by NO2-mediated isomerization of arachidonic acid were described (Jiang H et al., J Biol Chem 1999, 274, 16235). Several isomers (named trans-arachidonic acid) were observed and appeared to have one trans-bond and three cis-bonds. Thus, four such isomers of arachidonic acid can potentially be generated.
The detection and quantification of trans-arachidonic acids in vivo may be used as a specific index to assess the degree of cellular injury mediated by NO2 since these isomers were shown to be produced in human blood plasma (Zghibeh CM et al., Anal Biochem 2004, 332, 137).
The increased concentration with age of pentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) observed for the first time in rat testes suggests that lipids may have an essential role in the maturation of the testis (Kirschman JC et al., Arch Biochem Biophys 1961, 93, 297). Later, the biosynthesis of 24:4n-6 and 24:5n-6 were described in rat testes (Bridges RB et al., J Biol Chem 1970, 245, 46). Whereas human spermatozoa contain predominantly di-, tri- and tetraenoic fatty acids with up to 32 carbon atoms, boar, ram and bull spermatozoa contain pentaenoic and/or hexaenoic acids with up to 34 carbon atoms (Poulos A et al., Biochem J 1986, 240, 891).
Several other fatty acids were described in mammals (Poulos A, Lipids 1995, 30, 1) and n-6 fatty acids with up to 6 double bonds and 34 carbon atoms have been determined in sphingomyelin and ceramides extracted from the head of mammalian spermatozoa (Bull, ram) (Furland NE et al., J Biol Chem 2007, 282, 18141 and 18151). Most of these very-long chain fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms but odd-chains also occurred in lower amounts. The mostly represented fatty acids are 27:4 and 29:4n-6.
Polyenoic n-6 fatty acids with carbon chain lengths from 26 to 38 have been detected in abnormal amounts in brain of patients with the rare inherited disorder, Zellweger syndrome (Sharp P et al., Biochem J 1987, 248, 61). They probably derived by chain elongation of shorter-chain n-6 fatty acids and accumulate because of a lack of a specific coenzyme A synthetase, the first enzyme in the beta-oxidation pathway.
An uncommon (n-6) fatty acid was discovered in retina, c14:2 (n-6), acylating a NH2 terminus of a retinal protein, recoverin, involved in the regulation of the photoreception mechanism (Dizhoor AM et al., J Biol Chem 1992, 267, 16033).
The very long-chain (n-6) fatty acid 34:9 (n-6) has been identified in the freshwater crustacean species Bathynella natans living in caves of central Europe (Rezanka T et al., Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 4261). To date, this compound may be considered as the most unsaturated fatty acid discovered in a living structure.
The 28:7n-6 fatty acid and other very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids had been found in fish oil, and these had probably been derived from the diet (Rezanka T, J Chromatogr 1990, 513, 344). The identification of 28:7n-6 in several marine dinoflagellates support that hypothesis (Mansour MP et al., Phytochemistry 1999, 50, 541). That very long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acid was shown to be associated with phospholipids, and not with glycolipids (Leblond JD et al., J Phycol 2000, 36, 1103).
Several very long-chain n-6 fatty acids have been isolated from a dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, they had 22 to 36 carbon atoms and 3 to 7 double bonds (Rezanka T et al., Phytochemistry 2008, 69, 2391).
It was recognized as a separate fatty acid in 1887 (Hazura K, Monatsh 1887, 8, 158) and its structure was elucidated in 1909 (Erdmann E et al., Ber 1909, 42, 1334) while it was synthesized only forty years later (Raphael RA et al.,J Chem Soc 1950, 2100). Linolenic acid is the major fatty acid of plant leaves, stems and roots and is the precursor of the (n-3) series which is essential in fish and probably in other animals. The major sources for human food are soybean and canola. The question of the possibility of these plant fatty acids to be the precursors of the long-chain n-3 compounds (EPA and DHA) in transgenic plants has been examined (Napier JA et al., Biochimie 2004, 86, 785, Williams CM et al., Proc Nutr Soc 2006, 65, 42). Recent progress demonstrates the feasibility of using transgenic plants to synthesize long-cain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The main source of n-3 fatty acids is fish oil but the market prices of that product are increasing significantly. This has prompted a significant amount of research on the use of single-cell oils as a source of n-3 fatty acids. Some of the microorganisms (phototrophic or heterotrophic) reported to produce edible oil that contains omega-3 fatty acids are from the genus Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium and Ulkenia. An overview of advances in the production of single cell oils rich in n-3 fatty acids may be consulted (Armanta RE et al., JAOCS 2013, 90, 167).
Besides Linus, the plant Lallemantia iberica (Lamiaceae), originated from the Caucasus and Middle East regions produces a seed oil rich in linolenic acid (67-74%). This potential source of n-3 fatty acid is successfully cultivated in some central and southern European countries (Zlatanov M et al., JAOCS 2012, 89, 1393).
Among that series, the best known
compound is the trienoic 20:3(n-9) with the double bonds in positions 5,8 and
11. It was discovered first by Klenk E. (Z Physiol Chem 1952, 291, 104 and
1955, 299, 74) in brain phospholipids but its exact structure has been
determined by Mead JF (Mead JF et al., J Biol Chem 1956, 219, 705).
It was shown to be present in relatively high amounts in all tissues of animals
subjected to long-term deprivation of nutritionally essential (n-6) fatty acids
or tofat-free diets (Holman RT, J Nutr 1960, 70, 405). This author had
proposed the ratio of 20:3(n-9) to 20:4(n-6) as a measure of essential fatty
acid requirement. Recently, it was reported the presence of unusually high levels
of this fatty acid in the cartilage of several animal species (birds, mammals,
human). Its concentration in phospholipids was about 5% in the growth plate
cartilage and 16% in the hyaline cartilage in chicken (Adkisson HD et al.,
FASEB J 1991, 5, 344). As 20:3(n-9)
is markedly concentrated in human fetal cartilage, it has been hypothesized
that it can decrease osteoblastic activity and thus may be important for the
prevention of calcification in the cartilage (Hamazaki
T et al., Lipids 2009, 44, 97). These authors suggest that the presence
of this fatty acid in cartilage may be related to its vessel-free status, thus
it could be useful for the treatment of disorders with excessive vasculature
T et al., Prost Leukotrienes Essential Fatty acids 2012, 86, 221).
An unusual geometrical isomer of 22:4 n-9 with a trans double bond (cis-4,7,10,trans-13-docosatetraenoic acid) has been identified in phospholipids of the scallop Pecten maximus and may be of endogenous origin (Marty Y et al., J Chromatogr A 1999, 839, 119). Furthermore, it was found particularly concentrated in the plasmalogen and diacyl forms of serine glycerophospholipids. A survey of the distribution of that new fatty acid has shown that it is present in all genus of the Pectininae and of the Aequipecten subgroup (Kraffe E et al., Lipids 2010, 45, 437).
Other rare fatty acids
Several other polyenoic acids are described in marine algae and are used as marker for several microalgae in the marine environment. Thus, 16:2 (n-7), 16:2 (n-4) have been suggested as tracers for diatoms, 16:2 (n-6) and 16:4 (n-3) for Chlorophyceae and 18:5 (n-3) for dinoflagellates (Viso AC et al., Phytochemistry 1993, 34, 1521). The latter was discovered in 1975 (Joseph JD, Lipids 1975, 10, 395) in 11 species of photosynthetic dinoflagellates, some of them being present at a concentration of about 20% (wt/wt) in total lipids (Gymnodinium, Peridinium, Massartia, Prorocentrum). As various species of phytoplanktonic herbivorous copepods were shown to contain this uncommon fatty acid, it was proposed as a possible tracer in the marine food chain (Mayzaud P et al., Lipids 1976, 11, 858). Seed oils of Androsace septentrionalis (Primulaceae) (Tsevegsuren N et al., Lipids 2003, 38, 1173) and of several species of Sapindaceae (Spitzer V, Phytochemistry, 1996, 42, 1357) were shown to contain 16:2 n-4 (about 5% of the total fatty acids), it was previously only known in diatoms.
Another unusual fatty acid, 16:3 n-4, was shown to be abundant (about 45%) in galactosyl diglycerides from marine diatoms (d'Hippolito G et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 2004, 1686, 100). It was shown to be the source of a short-chain aldehyde, octadienal (8:2 n-4), which participates to deleterious effects on zooplankton crustaceans.
The 16:4n-1 (6,9,12,15-hexadecatetraenoic acid) has been isolated and characterized in fish oil (Li D et al., Chromatographia 2012, 75, 1-6).
Sebaleic acid (18:2 n-10) was found to be the most important diene fatty acid present in human sebum (Nicolaides N et al., Lipids 1969, 4, 79), in human hair and nails (Destaillats F et al., J Chromatogr A 2011, 1218, 9384). This unusual compound is synthesized only in sebaceous cells by elongation and desaturation of sapienic acid (16:1 n-10) and that its importance may be related to the sebaceous gland activity (Stewart ME et al., J Invest Dermatol 1986, 87, 733).
A C21 trienoic acid (3,6,9-henicosatriene) and a C21 tetraenoic acid (1,3,6,9-henicosatetraene) have been isolated from an Arctiidae insect, Syntomoides imaon, and displayed sex pheromone activity (Matsuoka K et al., J Chem Ecol 2008, 34, 1437). They can be considered as longer-chain analogs of linolenic acid.
An unusual hexatrienoic acid with a terminal double bond aliphatic chain (D9,12,15-16:3) has been described in Sorghum bicolor (Pan Z et al., J Biol Chem 2007, 282, 4326). This fatty acid is used along a definite pathway in the formation of sorgoleone (a lipid quinone) produced by roots which is likely responsible for the inhibition of the germination of other grass weeds.
All polyenoic acids have very low melting points and are highly susceptible to oxidative degradation (peroxidation). UV radiation, high temperature, oxygen, metals and alkaline conditions are efficient to alter these molecules by migration of double bonds which are thus not separated by a methylene unit(conjugated double bonds), peroxidation and fragmentation. In contrast to trans fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids are not formed in higher amounts during industrial hydrogenation. These forms arise in the first stomach of ruminants as intermediates of dietary unsaturated fatty acids during bacterial fermentation. The first step is the isomerization of linoleic acid to mainly c9c11-18:2 catalyzed by the anaerobic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.
Positional isomerization can take place in polyunsaturated fatty acids. This transformation is characterized by a shift of isolated double bonds towards a structure in which unsaturated centers are immediately adjacent to each other. The conjugation of the double bonds is considered as an intermediate step in polyene acid peroxidation. Thus, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, a collective term used to designate a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid) is the first step in linoleic acid peroxidation. Its determination is currently used as an assay of free radical activity, but recent studies have cast doubt on the specificity of the assay since bacteria are able to induce their formation (Jack CI et al., Clin Chim Acta 1994, 224, 139) without excluding any dietary origin (Briton M et al., Clin Sci 1992, 83, 97-101)
The two double bonds in CLA are primarily in position 9 and 11, and 10 and 12 along the carbon chain. There can also be geometric changes (cis or trans configuration). Thus, at least 8 different CLA isomers of linoleic acid have been identified. Of these isomers, the c9, t11 form is believed to be the most common natural form with biological activity. It can be considered as the principal dietary form, accounting for as much as 85-90% of the total CLA content in dairy products. The name "rumenic acid" has been proposed as a common name for that major CLA isomer found in natural products (Kramer JKG et al., Lipids 1998, 33, 835). Additional potentially active isomers are also being identified and studied (Belury MA, Nutr Rev 1995, 53, 83; Yurawecz MP et al. Lipids 1998, 33, 803).
CLA were first isolated by Pariza in 1983 from ground meat but their structure was determined later (Ha YL et al., Carcinogenesis 1987, 8, 1881). They occur naturally in food and are present at high concentrations in products (milk and cheese) from ruminant animals (cattle, sheep). They are also found to be present in a variety of dairy products (Ha YL et al., J Agr Food Chem 1989, 37, 75; Chin SF et al., J Food comp anal 1992, 5, 185). Meat products contain 3 to 6 mg CLA/g fat in beef, veal, and lamb, 0.6 in pork and 0.9 in chicken. Dairy products contain 1.5 to 30 mg CLA/g fat in milk, butter, cream, yogurt, and cheese.
The profile of the conjugated linoleic acids in human milk has been determined (Luna P et al., Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2007, 109, 1160). Mean values of total CLA varied from 0.12 to 0.15 % of total fatty acids, rumenic acid representing more than 60 % of total CLA. Although most of the isomers were present in all samples, teir concentgrations varied considerably. Rumenic acid has been detected in human milk (about 4 mg/g fat) (Jensen RG et al., Adv Exp Med Biol 2001, 501, 153).
Vegetable oils contain only 0.2 to 0.7 mg CLA/g. An isomer (10t,12t) is present in Chilopsis linearis seed oil.
It was shown that CLA were mainly localized to the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triglycerides in lamb adipose tissue when metabolically produced from safflower oil, but they had increased proportions at the sn-2 position of triglycerides when animals received pre-formed CLA in the diet (Paterson LJ et al., Lipids 2002, 37, 605).
CLA were shown to be metabolized as for linoleic acid but it seems that the two main isomers, t10,c12 and c9,t11-CLA, show differences in their metabolism. While c9,t11-CLA seems well metabolized up to 20:4, the t10,c12-CLA is mainly transformed in its c6,t10,12c-18:3 metabolite (Sébédio JL et al., Lipids 2001, 36, 575). Thus, CLA isomers may be viewed as a "new" family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Banni S et al., Lipids 2004, 39, 1143).
CLA are present in triglycerides, phospholipids and lipoproteins. They are synthesized from linoleic acid through biohydrogenation pathways and enzymatic isomerization by rumen bacteria (see Bauman DE et al.). It was shown that CLA are stable, neither destroyed nor generated by cooking or storage.
Interest in CLA was increased when Ha YL et al. (Ha YL et al., Carcinogenesis 1987, 8, 1881) described its anticarcinogenic properties. Furthermore, they were reported to have antiatherogenic and hypocholesterolemic effects, to induce a relative decrease in body fat levels and to modulate immune responses in several animal models, antioxidant activities were also described. The two isomers, t10,c12 and c9,t11-CLA have different biological activities depending on the experimental system. Both have been shown to exert anticancer and anti-atherogenic activities, but the reduction of body fat seems specific to t10,c12-CLA (Pariza MW et al., Prog Lipid Res 2001, 40, 283). Opposing effects of c9,t11 and t10,c12-CLA were described on blood lipids in healthy humans (Tricon S et al., Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80, 614). Among all isomers, c9,t11-CLA was shown to be the most potent in inhibiting proliferation of normal and leukemic cells (Lai KL et al., Lipids 2005, 40, 1107).
Since these early discoveries several beneficial effects on health of CLA have been reported, mainly in animal models of human diseases and in cultures of various types of animal and human cells. Other effects on immune function, lipid and eicosanoid metabolism, cytokine and immuno-globulin production and many metabolic processes have also been described. As the majority of studies have been carried out using mixtures of isomers in animal models, these observations need to be substantiated before they can be regarded as fact (Wahle KW et al., Prog Lipid Res 2004, 43, 553). Furthermore, CLA, as other conjugated fatty acids, has antioxidative activity which could be related to their anticarcinogenic and anti-atherosclerotic effects (Yang L et al., J Agric Food Chem 2009, 57, 4212).
For a review on the occurrence and physiological properties of trans fatty acids and on CLA, see: Fritsche J et al. (Fett/Lipid 1998, 100, 190), and a page of the site of Dr Christie. An overview of the literature on the effects of CLA on body composition and plasma lipids in humans was released by Terpstra AHM (Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79, 352). After hundred of reports have been accumulated, a definite conclusion for CLA safety has not been reached, while they could have beneficial health effects for humans (review in: Benjamin S et al., Nutr Metabol 2009, 6, 36). An insight into their health benefits up to 2009 has been summarized (Benjamin S et al., Nutr Metab 2009, 6, 36). More recently, several reports suggest that CLA have potent anti-carcinogenic, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and antioxidant activities (review by: Yuang GF et al., Food Funct., 2014, 5, 1360).
References on conjugated linoleic acid from 2000 may be found in the Mercola.com web site.
An estimation of the trans fatty acid content of foods and intake levels in France has been reported in 2007 (Laloux L et al., Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2007, 109, 918).
Conjugated linoleic acid (t9, t11-18:2,
c9, t11-18:2 and t9, t11-18:2) can chemically be obtained from alkali-isomerized linoleate (Scholfield
CR et al., JAOCS 1970, 47, 303). A mixture containing 72% c9,t11-18:2 and
26% c9,c11-18:2 was readily obtained through KOH-catalyzed dehydration of
ricinoleic acid at 80°C with a 77% conversion efficiency (Yang L et al. Chem
Phys Lipids 2002, 119, 23). The t10,c12-isomers may be prepared from
the previous mixture by low-temperature crystallization in conjunction with urea
treatment (Kim SJ et al., J Food Sci Nutr 2000, 5, 86). A preparation of
trans,trans-isomers of linoleic acid may also be prepared by methylation with BF3/methanol
in controlled conditions (Kim SJ et al., J Agric Food Chem 2003, 51, 3208).
Position and configuration isomers of CLA, from 7,9- through 12,14-C18:2 were
synthesized by direct sequential isomerizations of a mixture of rumenic acid and
trans-10,cis-12 C18:2 (Destaillats F et al., Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2003,
105, 3).
The products of these reactions usually differ in composition as they consist of a mixture of different isomers, which are currently sold as nutritional supplement. Tonalin® is one of the most sold brands of CLA.
The application of CLA-producing bacteria for the synthesis of CLA in food products is a challenging opportunity which is the aim of many investigations (Adamczak M et al., Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2008, 110, 491).
Besides these C18 acids there is a shorter chain compound, sorbic acid.
Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, was first isolated in 1859 by AW von Hofmann from the unripe berries of the Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia). It was discovered in the late 1930s that they can be used as food preservative. Sorbic acid, and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast and fungi (E200, E201, E202, E203).
Sorbic acid
Sorbus aucuparia fruit
Conjugated fatty acids are used in the production of alkyd resins to increase the drying time of normal vegetal oils.
Except rare examples in animals, conjugated polyene acids with more than two double bonds are mainly found in a few seed oils as mainly C18 trienes or tetraenes. The oils containing these fatty acids are very important raw materials in the manufacture of organic coatings and polymers, as the conjugated unsaturation facilitates good polymerization and imparts adhesive properties when properly treated. Conjugated trienes (c,t,t and t,t,t) are formed during the bleaching phase of commercial vegetable oils. Thus, they amount to 766 mg/kg in soybean oil, 654 in corn oil, 260 in safflower oil, 122 in sesame oil and 79 in rapeseed oil (Kinami T et al., JAOCS 2007, 84, 23). They are undetectable in olive oil.
The most common conjugated octadecatrienoic acids are :
- Calendic acid (8t10t12c-18:3) is found in Calendula officinalis (up to about 60% in Calendula oil) (Chisholm MJ et al., JAOCS 1966, 43, 391). An isomer (8t10t12t) was also detected in the same species.
Calendula flowers are used for many centuries. Ointments or extracts are applied medicinally for reducing inflammation, wound healing, and as an antiseptic. Calendic acid is highly reactive and was proposed for several oleochemical applications : paints, coatings as a binder, as well as a reactive diluent. It can replace tung oil in commercial produced resins. The potential production capacity is about 3000 kg per ha with 21% oil in the seed. A follow-up program was started in Europe, the CARMINA project, focusing on possible industrial applications.
- Catalpic acid (9t11t13c-18:3) is found in Catalpa ovata and C. bignonoides where it accounts for 50% of all the conjugated linolenic acid content (27.5% of the oil) (Ozgül-Yücel S, JAOCS 2005, 82, 893). Catalpa (Catalpa ovata) seed oil suppresses chemically-induced cell proliferation in rat colon (Suzuki R et al., Oncol Rep 2006, 16, 989). These results suggest that Catalpa oil could have chemopreventive activity in the early phase of colon carcinogenesis.
- a-Eleostearic acid (9c11t13t) accounts for >65% of the fatty acids of tong (or tung) oil (china wood oil, Aleurites fordii, Euphorbiaceae), (the only source commercially available) and had an industrial importance. An isomer (9t11t13t) (b-eleostearic acid) was found in A. fordii, Momordica charantia (8%), Catalpabignonoides (8.5%) and Punica granatum (21%) (Ozgül-Yücel S, JAOCS 2005, 82, 893). That isomer has been shown to induce apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway (Sun Z. et al., Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012, 99, 1).
a-Eleostearic acid is also found at a high level (about 65%) in oil from Parinarium excelsum seeds (Miralles J et al. Fatt Sci Technol 1994, 96, 64). A large survey of the distribution of this compound has revealed that it characterized the whole Chrysobalanaceae family, while in Rosaceae family only one species (Prunus mahaleb) was shown to contain this fatty acid (Ozgül-Yücel S, JAOCS 2005, 82, 893). Other sources include the seed oil of bitter gourd oil Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) (50-65%). Nutrition experiments have shown that fatty acid could influence the levels of rat blood lipids (Dhar P et al., Lipids 1999, 34, 109). a-Eleostearic acid has been shown to exhibit a potential cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction effect on human breast cancer cells, with little effect on normal cells (Zhang T et al., J Nat Med 2012, 66, 77).
- Jacaric acid (8c10t12c-18:3) is found in the seeds of Jacaranda mimosifolia (Bignoniaceae), a tree originating from Central and South America. It displays strong cytotoxic effects on human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro (Shinohara N et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 2012, 1821, 980). It has also a strong preventive antitumor effect in vivo in nude mice into which these cells were transplanted.
- Punicic acid (9c11t13c-18:3), known also as trichosanic acid, in the seed oil of Punica granatum (Punicaceae, Pomegranate), of Trichosanthes anguina (Cucurbitaceae, snake gourd), and of Momordica charantia (Punicaceae, bitter gourd). Pomegranate seed oil is comprised up to 65% punicic acid. A new triacylglycerol containing two punicyl acyl groups and one acyl group (8c,11c,13t-18:3) was isolated from the seed of pomegranate (Punica granatum) (Yusuph M et al., Phytochemistry, 1997, 44, 1391). This fatty acid was shown to act physiologically as pro-oxidant or antioxidant according to the dietary level and to lower plasma cholesterol (Mukherjee C et al., J Oleo Sci 2002, 51, 513). It was also shown that this acid has an inhibitory effect in vitro on aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets (Takenaga M et al., Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1988, 31, 65). As that fatty acid is very oxygen reactive, pomegranate oil may be use as binder or additives in coatings. Pomegranate seed oil was shown to suppress chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats (Kohno H et al., Cancer Sci 2004, 95, 481).
Another conjugated
triene fatty acid, rumelenic acid (cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 18:3), has been
described as a minor component in ruminant fats (Destaillats
F et al., J Dairy Sci. 2005, 88, 3231). That conjugated fatty acid is
an intermediate of the "biohydrogenation" process of a-linolenic
(cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3) acid in the rumen. An isomer (cis-9,trans-13,cis-15
18:3) was also detected at low concentration in milk fat.
The methyl ester of 2t,4c,6c-10:3 was identified as a sex-specific compound from the stink bug Thyanta pallidovirens (Millar JG, Phytochemistry, 1997, 38, 7971).
One conjugated tetraene from Parinarium sp (Rosacae from west Africa) and Impatiens balsamina, parinaric acid (a-parinaric: 9c11t13t15c and b-parinaric: an all-trans species) is used in biophysical studies to measure the ordering (rigidity) of lipidic membranes. It was discovered in 1933 (Tsujimoto M et al., J Soc Chem Ind Japan 1933, 36, 110B) and its exact structure reported in 1935 by Farmer EH (J Chem Soc 1935, 759). The presence of parinaric acid was confirmed in the seed oil of Sebastiana brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) was confirmed by a combination of physico-chemical methods (Spitzer V et al., JAOCS 1996, 73, 569).
Two new eicosapentaenoic acids, 5c,7t,9t,14c,17c-20:5 and 5t,7t,9t,14c,17c-20:5 were detected in the free fatty acid fraction extracted from the temperate red marine alga, Ptilota filicina (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) colected in the Oregon coastal waters (Lopez A et al., Lipids 1987, 22, 190).
More recently, novel polyene fatty acids with four conjugated double bonds were found in a marine green microalga, Anadyomene stellata (Mikhailova MV et al., Lipids 1995, 30, 583). Five different fatty acids with different chain lengths and varying unsaturation were described: 16:5, 18:4, 20:5, 20:6, and unexpectedly 22:7. All these species have in common 4 conjugated all-cis double bonds as in 18:4 with their position in 6,8,10, and 12, the novel conjugated docosaheptadecanoic acid having its double bonds in 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16, and 19, it was named stellaheptaenoic acid.
The expression of cDNAs for variant forms of the delta12-oleic acid desaturase in transgenic soybean embryos resulted in the production of conjugated polyenes (Cahoon EB et al., PNAS 1999, 96, 12935).
A review has summarized and updated the evidence regarding the metabolism and bioactivities of conjugated linolenic acid, and discussed the recent studies on the effects of anti-carcinogenic, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and
antioxidant activities of the variousisomers (Yuan GF et al., Food Funct 2014, 5, 1360).
Among the unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids (also known as non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids) those with a cis-5 ethylenic bond (D5-olefinic acids) are found in various sources in the plant kingdom but may now be considered characteristic components of Gymnosperm seed oils (Wolff RL et al., J Lipid Res 1996, 73, 765).
In the genus Pinus as well as the whole family Pinaceae, the same 5-unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids are found (review : Wolff RL et al., Lipids 2000, 35, 1). The three most frequent fatty acids with that structure are taxoleic acid (all-cis-5,9-18:2), pinolenic acid (all-cis-5,9,12-18:3) which is found in seeds of conifers (Taxaceae), Teucrium and also in tall oil (by-product in pine wood processing), and sciadonic acid (all-cis-5,11,14-20:3).
These fatty acids are present in
seed oil at levels from about 1% up to 25%. Pinolenic acid was shown to
be also present in Korean pine nut oil (Pinus koraiensis) from where
it was precisely studied after several purification steps (Lee
JW et al., Lipids 2004, 39, 383). That study suggested that pinolenic
acid may have LDL-lowering properties by enhancing hepatic LDL uptake.
It was shown that these fatty acids are able to reduce plasma triglycerides
and VLDL in rats (Asset
G et al., Lipids 1999, 34, 39). A review of the pinolenic acid properties
has been published (No DS et al., Lipid Technol 2013, 25, 135).
Sciadonic acid was shown to be present in seeds and leaves of all Coniferophytes examined (including conifers and ginkgoids) (Wolff RL, JAOCS 1999, 76, 1515). In contrast, angiosperms have lost the ability to introduce a supplementary desaturation at C-5 in unsaturated fatty acids. A diagnostic index based on the relative levels of the main fatty acids including distinctive D5-olefinic acids was used to identify the botanical origin of pine nuts in food products (Destaillats F et al., J Agric Food Chem 2010, 58, 2082).
Naturally occurring 5,9-fatty acids include also the shorter-chain analog 5,9-16:2 and 5,9-18:2 which were reported from several cellular slime molds. A new triene fatty acid desaturated at C5, all cis-5,9,12-17:3, was isolated from the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium pallidum (Saito T et al., Lipids, 1996, 31, 445). A taxoleic elongation product, dihomotaxoleic acid (7,11-20:2), has been characterized in Taxus seed lipids containing also high amounts of taxoleic acid (Destaillats F et al., Lipids 2001, 36, 319).
Similar species with 4 double bonds are also described.
Another curious fatty acid was described in the pulp lipids of mango (Mangifera indica), a butylene-interrupted dienoic acid, cis-9, cis-15 octadecadienoic acid (9,15-18:2). It amounts to about 5.4% of total acyl groups in the pulp lipids (Shibahara A et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1993, 1170, 245).
A new octadecatrienoic acid, all-cis-3,9,12-18:3, was found a component of an Asteraceae (Chrysanthemum zawadskii) seed oil (6.9%), in addition to crepenynic acid (8.6%) and other common fatty acids (Tsevegsuren N et al., Lipids 2003, 38, 573). The seed oil of Aster scaber has been showned to contain considerable amounts of D3t-16:1 (11.4%), D3t, 9c-18:2 (4.6%), and D3t, 9 c, 12c-18:3 (11.3%) (Choi YS et al., J Oleo Sci 2015, 64, 1321).
In lower animals, a group of C18 up to C31 acids are present in many sponge species and are characterized by the presence of 5c9c unsaturation, also often accompanied by other functionality. These compounds are present in freshwater sponges and in the marine sponges from the class Demospongia and are known as demospongic acids, mainly 5,9,17-26:3, 5,9,21-28:3, and 5,9,23-30:3 (Review in : Dembitsky VM et al., Chem Phys Lipids 2003, 123, 117). As an example, 12 of these fatty acids and a novel one ((5,9,22-29:3) have been described in the sponge Verongia aerophoba from the Canary islands (Nechev J et al., Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2002, 104, 800). It was suggested that the presence of demospongic acids in lipid extracts from gorgonian coral species reflects the presence of a symbiotic sponge (Imbs AB et al., Lipids 2009, 44, 325).
The use of an antiplasmodial bioassay revealed that fatty acids with 23 to 26 carbon atoms and double bonds in the position D5,9 displayed considerable antiprotozoal activity (IC50 : 12-16 mg/ml) (review in Carballeira NM, Prog Lipid Res 2008, 47, 50). The mechanism of action of these compounds is intensely studied (Tasdemir D et al., Bioorg Med Chem 2007, 15, 6834). Thus, these sponge fatty acids may be the source of very potent antimalarial drugs. These fatty acids are also potent inhibitor of the enzyme topoisomerase I, property which must lead to the development of effective anti-cancer drugs.
The predominant presence of demospongic acids in phospholipids (and in particular the amino-phospholipids) (Lawson MP et al., Lipids 1988, 23, 741) challenges the hypothesis of an unique structure for sponge cell membranes.
It has been demonstrated that sponges are not the only source of these 5,9 dienoic acids, since they were found to be present in other marine organisms, such as zoanthids and anemones. It is likely that these fatty acids arise from a symbiotic relationship of bacteria with the host cells of marine invertebrates. Two 5,9 trienoic acids have been identified for the first time in triacylglycerols from mollusk gonads, 5,9,15-22:3 and 5,9,15-24:3 (Kawashima H, Lipids 2005, 40, 627).
While all these unsaturated fatty acids were isolated from phospholipids, a polyethylenic fatty methyl ester (5,9,23-30:3) was isolated from a Mediterranean sponge (Chondrilla nucula, Demospongiae) (Meyer M et al., Lipids 2002, 37, 1109).
Based on the distribution of 5,9 fatty acids it may conclude that the biosynthetic pathways of invertebrates, sponges, myxomycetes, and some plants have a common enzymatic system to synthesize 5,9 ethylene-interrupted dienoic acids. It can thus be observed that the former notion of demospongic acid should no longer be used mainly because bis-methylene interrupted 5,9-diunsaturated fatty acids are distributed among several phyla of marine organisms and several classes of terrestrial plants (Kornprobst JM et al., Mar Drugs 2010, 8, 2569). As these authors suggest, the group of "demospongic acids" can be considered as a particular series of non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids produced by different combinations of elongases and D5 and D9 desaturases on the most common fatty acids in nature such as palmitic and palmitoleic acids.
Four types of non-methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids were found at concentrations of 2-13% of polar and neutral lipids in Ophiuroidea (Brittle star) : 7t,13t-20:2, 7t,13t,17c-20:3, 9c,15c, 19t-22:3, and 4t,9c,15c,19t-22:4 (Sato D et al. J Oleo Sci 2002, 51, 563). Several others have been identified in limpet gonads, among them 5,11-19:2, 7,16-21:2, 9,15-24:2, 5,11,14,17-20:4 and 7,13,16,19-22:4 were reported for the first time (Kawashima H, Lipids 2005, 40, 627). A great number of dienoic non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids have been described in marine molluscs and echinoderms, some amounting up to 20% of membrane lipids (Barnathan G, Biochimie 2009, 91, 671).
Novel n-4 non-methylene fatty acids have been isolated from a clam, Calyptogena phaseoliformis, living near deep hydrothermal vents (Saito H, J Chromatogr A 2007, 1163, 247). With some others (7,15-20:2, 7,16-21:2), these fatty acids are 5,13,16-20:3, 4,7,15-20:3, 1,4,7,15-20:4 and 4,7,16-21:3. They were isolated also from cold-sep mussels, hosting methane-oxidizing bacteria (Saito H, J Chromatogr A 2008, 1200, 242). The origin of these unique fatty acids is likely the symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria belonging to the communities using geothermal energy and nutrients originating from he vents.
Unusual non-methylene interrupted fatty acids were also isolated from a marine mollusk, Crepidula fornica : 7,15-22:2 and 9,13-18:2 (Dagorn F et al., 2009).
The saponification of a highly unsaturated lipid fraction of Mycobacterium phlei liberates mainly an unusual 36 carbon fatty acid, hexatriaconta-4,8,12,16,20-pentaenoic acid and several others with the common formula :
when m=14, n=4, 5 or 6
when m=12, n=5 or 6
The name phleic acid was given to these acids because they were all isolated from M. phlei. It was found that they always occur as esters of trehalose. Their original biosynthesis has been reported (Asselineau CP et al., Eur J Biochem 1976, 63, 509).
Allenic acids contain the -CH=C=CH- group. They occur only rarely in natural lipids.
The first allenic acid (monoacid) to be identified in the seed oil of Leonotis napetaefolia (Labiateae) was laballenic acid (5,6-octadecadienoic acid) (Bagby MO et al., J Org Chem 1965, 30, 4227). Two C18 allenic acids were described (Hagemann JM et al., Lipids 1967, 2, 371) in seed oils of several members of Labiateae (mint family) : 5,6-18:2 (laballenic acid) and 5,6,16-18:3 (lamenallenic acid). The seed oil of another Labiateae Leucas cephalotes with 28% of laballenic acid is the richest source of this compound (Sinha Set al., Chem Ind 1978, 67).
A triene allenic fatty acid with 14
carbon atoms (2,4,5-14:3) was shown to occur as a sex pheromone in the male
dried bean beetle.
A hydroxy allenic acid (8-hydroxy-5,6-octadienoic acid) was described in an estolide found in some plants.
A review of known allenic acids may be consulted for further details (Dembitsky VM et al., Prog Lipid Res 2007, 46, 328).
Cumulenic fatty acids contain the
–HC=C=C=CH– group. The first cumulenic acids, such as
two g-lactones
of 4-hydroxy-2,4,6,7,8-decapentaenoic and 4-hydroxy-2,4,5,6,8-decapentaenoic
acids were isolated from several Asteraceae (Bohlmann
F et al., Chem Ber 1971, 104, 1329).
The 2,6,7,8-decatetraen-4-ynoic acid, 9-(methylthio)-, methyl ester (269) was also obtained from an Asteraceae Anthemius austriaca.
Other cumulenic fatty acids (among
them 2,3,4-decatrienoic acid) were isolated from Matricaria
A review of cumulenic lipids may be consulted for further details (Dembitsky VM et al., Prog Lipid Res 2007, 46, 328).


text:
Reports of home and auto burglaries continue to rise, particularly in Amarillo's troublesome southeast side, police officials said Tuesday.
One thing is clear: officers are seeing the same faces over and over again.
Burglaries of homes and vehicles combined for roughly 1,360 police calls since the start of 2008, up from an estimated 1,240 for the same period a year ago, Amarillo Police Dept. Capt. Jeff Lester said.
Lester's findings were made public during a mobile City Commission meeting held Tuesday at Tradewind Elementary School.
There were 803 auto burglaries and 562 home or business burglaries reported from Jan. 1 to March 23, up from 719 and 528 respectively for the same time in 2007, police records show.
So far this year, 30 suspected auto burglars and 55 home burglary suspects have been arrested. Many of them have been charged with burglary in the past, some even as recently as this month.
Six auto burglary suspects have been released, either because local jails have been too crowded or their bonds were set low.
"It can be frustrating," Lester said. "We're making the arrests. ... But they're finding ways to work the system."
Mobile commission meetings are convened quarterly in different sections of Amarillo. City officials think the concept enables them to hear directly from residents about concerns impacting their neighborhoods.
It was clear on Tuesday that residents near the year-old school wanted to learn more about the upswing in crime.
Capt. Carrel Harris, who heads the department's Uniform Patrol Division, said police deployed more officers to stake out burglary hot spots in town, including the southeast. Plainclothes personnel even was used to covertly monitor suspicious people in certain neighborhoods.
Reports of burglaries in some areas began to trail off once some key arrests were made, Harris said.
Some arrests stemmed from a burglary crew that would break into homes, mainly in southeast Amarillo, and steal electronics, jewelry and music equipment. Personal banking information was pilfered from some homes, leaving police concerned that victims could be subjected to identity theft crimes.
The thieves often made their way into people's homes through the back door.
Mary Ann Romero was a victim on March 5.
She returned from work to her home on Lawndale and found some clothes in disarray.
No big deal, she thought. They were probably left there by her son, a firefighter.
But as she walked through the house, she discovered more of her personal items, including debit cards and checks, strewn about.
She knew she had been hit. Her back door had gotten bashed in, just like many of the other homes.
"You could tell they were looking for credit cards or something like that," Romero said.
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From staff reports
BRIDGETON — In 2003, upon being inducted as the first female president of the Bridgeton Kiwanis Club, city native Nancy Marino saw in the audience representatives from all the area's service clubs.
In the spirit of change and cooperation, she challenged them to come together to benefit the community.
The next year, Marino and other local leaders presented the first Joint Service Clubs Karaoke event, with the help of clubs including Rotary, Lions, Kiwanis, Eagles and Soroptimists.
Feb. 6 marks the seventh annual Karaoke event, featuring some of the area's most talented crooners.
Sponsored by Community Health Care Inc., the proceeds will go to the Bridgeton Area Police Athletic League (PAL) and Bridgeton Main Street (BMS).
PAL offers positive educational and recreational activities and works to cement a bond between police officers and local youth. BMS is a non-profit pursuing the improvement of the city's downtown and historic preservation.
The Karaoke event was originally designed to benefit the victims of 9/11. But it quickly took on a local focus when the Salvation Army building downtown burned down as the first annual event was being planned.
All proceeds from the event went to the local Salvation Army.
Over the years, the Karaoke event has consistently raised more than $10,000 each year for local and national charities.
They include the Bridgeton public library, the victims of Hurricane Katrina, the ARC of Cumberland County, the Shirley Eves Center, PAL, Family Readiness for Military Families deployed to Iraq, and the North Cumberland Senior Baseball World Champions.
Marino said the character of the community has led to the event's success.
"The people of Bridgeton are great," she said. "When something has to be done for somebody, they're always ready to support a good cause."
To purchase tickets to the Karaoke event, call Carola Hartley of BMS at 856-453-8130, Gil Walter of Community Health Care at 856-391-1127 or Jean Calderon at 856-391-1130.
Sponsorship opportunities at all levels are available. For more information, call Gil Walter at 391-1127.


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Willow Creek is a rural town in England. Near it is another village called Warmhill and the landmarks built by the Gordon family over the years.Gordon familyThe Gordon family that has lived near the village has been a huge influence on the village and it's surroundings. They have built a keep and church to claim the land for Christianity in which the family lived. After many deaths, suicides and human experimentation which gave the family a bad name.Myths surrounding the villageThere are some myths and legends about the woods around the village. There appear to be many dangerous and unnatural creatures in the thick foggy woods. There also is a tale of the white lady who's forever looking for something but can never find it. Only those pure of heart have been said to have seen her.


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HILLSBORO, Ore. — Hank's Thriftway celebrates Mother's Day floral sales twice — on May 10, Mexico's Mother's Day — and on the second Sunday in May, when Mother's Day is traditionally celebrated here. The retailer's base includes a large percentage of Hispanic customers, many of whom hail from Mexico, floral manager Lowanda Ancheta explained. She was busy midweek putting together arrangements featuring vibrant colors favored by her ...
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You Can Dance (Official Video)
Shameless (Official Video)
"One of the inspirations for the cover was the 19th century painting 'Olympia' by Édouard Manet (link: Wikipedia) – a kind of early pin-up picture. The picture shows a young courtesan lying on a bed wearing little more than a provocative expression, and the painting created quite an uproar when it was first exhibited in Paris.
"I wanted a cover-girl for this record who could convey the glamorous notoriety of the original 'Olympia' painting, and the obvious choice was Kate Moss. Kate has long been the 'femme fatale' of our age, as controversial as she is beautiful, and the most glamorous female icon since Marilyn Monroe.
"I was still finishing my album at the time of the photo shoot, so everything happened at the last minute (which is often the way in 'rock 'n roll). The shoot took place at Sunbeam Studios in West London, and the designer Gideon Ponte built a fantastic set – with the finest linen… the perfect bed… Shoes and dresses were flown-in from Paris, jewellery escorted by security guards, flowers everywhere, a supporting cast of thousands… and everyone involved worked really hard to get the right shot, especially our photographer Adam Whitehead"
Whitehead, who honed his craft under Mario Testino, said, "when Bryan approached me to shoot his new album cover I jumped at the chance, envisaging all his famous covers of the past. On the day Kate was amazing. She had in her mind exactly the character she wanted to portray. 'Give me red lips, I want to be a Roxy girl' she screamed!' "
To coincide with Olympia's release, Bryan and the Studio team commissioned over thirty remixes of the album's tracks. It all started with the singles 'You Can Dance' and 'Shameless', but Bryan got so into it, that we ended-up having remixes done of every track on the record!
Because 'You Can Dance' and 'Shameless' are effectively dance tracks – it all started quite upbeat, with most of the remixes being of the Disco / Electronica genre. But by the end we had quite a varied bag of tricks, with great ambient versions of 'Me Oh My' / 'Tender' / 'Siren' and Metamorfozy's incredible 'Reason or Rhyme'.
It really was a team effort, with the Olympia production team of Simon Willey, John Monkman and Johnson Somerset all submitting great versions of tracks they had toiled over for years!
Olympia includes a stellar cast of session musicians and frontmen; from Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour, Chic mastermind Nile Rodgers, Radiohead's Jonny Greenwood, Brian Eno, Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers and ex-Stone Roses and current Primal Scream bassist Mani – not to mention Miles Davis acolyte Marcus Miller and Michael Jackson's trusted rhythm guitarist, the late David Williams.
Bryan Ferry's latest batch of songs have a high standard to live up to, and the singer is confident that the album represents somewhat of a pinnacle for him as an artist. A key ingredient on the LP is Ferry's own active instrumental role, as he pointed out himself: "I used to play a bigger role on keyboards on the Roxy [Music] records than I did in my solo career […] I kind of did myself out of a job, in a way. But on this album I've come back into the forefront a bit more."
Opening with the single 'You Can Dance', Olympia's intent is made clear right from the off. A pulsating tour-de-force underpinned by a thunderous bass groove, the song is crowned by a typically Pop Art influenced lyric from the inimitable Ferry. It is accompanied by a music video from acclaimed director Ferry Gouw. According to Gouw, "Bryan wanted to portray the video as a band performance in perhaps the seediest most glamorous and exclusive underground club where beautiful people are all high on life".
It is swiftly followed by 'Alphaville', written in conjunction with Dave Stewart. The track is a showcase for the serpentine bass playing of Marcus Miller, and due to the presence of Brian Eno, undoubtedly arouses the interest of Roxy Music fans.
The triumphant 'Heartache by Numbers', Bryan Ferry's collaboration with New York's chart-conquering Scissor Sisters, is imbued with the heady spirit of the Big Apple. It continues the Roxy Music links by showcasing the unmistakable tones of Andy Mackay's oboe and highlights Ferry's gift for anthemic arrangements with its rousing chorus line, before gracefully shifting down a gear for 'Me Oh My', a keening ballad whose silky atmosphere is amplified by the twin guitar work of David Gilmour and forthcoming guitar prodigy Oliver Thompson.
Olympia's textural variety is on display in the effortless elision from the contemporary and urbane electro-disco of 'Shameless' (made in collusion with London's Groove Armada) into Ferry's achingly romantic interpretation of Tim Buckley's 'Song To The Siren', whose rich, dense layers call to mind his hugely successful hits of the 1980s.
The album's other 're-model' is the next platter, a symphonic recasting of Traffic's bucolic 1967 song 'No Face, No Name, No Number'. It finds Bryan Ferry once more exploring new territory, adding a soulfully psychedelic string to his bow. 'BF Bass (Ode to Olympia)', a tongue-in-cheek comment on our current obsession with social networking, was written with Phil Manzanera but takes its title from its compositional origins – Bryan Ferry's own playing on bass guitar, another first for his seasoned hand.
Olympia comes to a suitably stately conclusion in its closing pair of tracks. 'Reason or Rhyme' is a masterpiece of understated finesse, with Bryan Ferry's keyboards combining with his delicate vocal to create a haunting and hypnotic ambience that belies its surface simplicity. "It's one where you can just get absorbed in the music hopefully", Ferry comments. The final song, 'Tender Is The Night', another collaboration with Dave Stewart, displays a lightness of touch with its eerie, synthesized backdrop and features a gorgeous piano melody courtesy of session supremo Steve Nieve (best known for his association with Elvis Costello).
Impeccably produced by Bryan Ferry, long-time accomplice Rhett Davies and Johnson Somerset, Olympia is a magnum opus from one of music's few remaining living legends, full of stylistic twists and turns. It never loses its melodic or rhythmic momentum and is a testament to his never-ending passion and enthusiasm for making music that touches the heart as much as it does the hips.
The album is dedicated to two of Bryan Ferry's recently departed friends: celebrated fashionista and international style icon Isabella Blow, who tragically took her own life in 2007, and David Williams, who sadly passed away in 2009.
1. You Can Dance
( Ferry / Stewart )
In a discotheque at dawn that's when it came to me
I'd been raving through the night looking for some company
It was the mambo talking it's got a lot to say
Do you come here often? Do you wanna play?
We'll hitch hike into Paris
We'll zig zag by the Seine
Oh the howling moon of promise
I'll never be the same
There's a world awaiting way beyond the sea
How I love to travel – baby will you come with me
Jump on the table slide down the pole
You can wear your sable, you can bare your soul
From Reno down to Vegas
Casinos never close
All the movers and the shakers
The tango never knows
To the motor city that's where I get my shoes
I need some inspiration – I gotta lotta time to lose
From Brady Square up to Jesmond Dene
And in La Dolce Vita I'll find my beauty queen
In England there's a moment
One nation in a groove
All the music and emotion
Will make you wanna move
(You can dance)
Take me to the river try singing in the rain
I like the jungle fever, it's got me in the mood again
Oh Tutti Frutti, Jones Bar Hollywood
I like Campari soda, I'd can can if I could
2. Alphaville
( Ferry / Stewart )
Nobody knows you're here
Deep under cover
You seem to be afraid
Why do you suffer
Another night
A night in Alphaville
This town is made for love
Let's play together
In every bar and club
Now and forever
Another night
A night in Alphaville
You say you won't
But girl I know you will
I'm hungry for your lies
You scream you whisper
A thousand alibis
You point the finger
Don't try to read my mind
A broken circuit
You know my hands are tied
Nobody's perfect
The world goes round
But here it stays the same
In second class
Nobody knows your name
I want to live
But life ain't worth a dime
Lost in the light
3. Heartache By Numbers
( Ferry / Scissor Sisters )
I can't stop from thinking
That love makes no sense
I'm burnt out from dreaming
'Bout nobody else
Midnight to daybreak
I can't believe the pain
The way you look, the way you talk,
The way you walk away
Oh I can't take
Heartache by numbers
From violet to grey
I paint all your colours
I wash them away
I live for the moment
I long for the day
You walk in my garden
You lie in my shade
Every night I run around
With every girl in town
But I would rather stay at home
If you were still around
Midnight to daybreak
I'd do it all again
The way you look the way you talk
I'd be your lover not your friend
Oh I can't stand
4. Me Oh My
( Ferry )
Me oh my – I can't believe my eyes
Everything I care about is gone
I wonder why
Life is tough – no matter how I try
Tell me that I'm dreaming
Tell me it's a lie
Me oh my – show me that you're mine
Can't you hear my beating heart
Go in and out of time
Me oh my – I can't go on
What can I believe in
Now that you're gone
Ring phone ring – a telephone line
Can't you hear my beating heart
Go in and out of time
Out of my mind, out of the blue
Something incredible, so deja vu
How many times, broken in two
Maybe the same thing'll happen to you
Me oh my – my world gone wrong
Running out, running out,
Of everything I want
Nothing is real, nothing is true
Wish I could say the same thing about you
How many times, broken in two
Wish I could stay, but I'm just passing through
5. Shameless
( Ferry / Cato / Findlay )
I can read your lips
I can read your mind
It's all I want to hear
Why am I so blind?
And the way we were
Fatefully entwined
In a shameless world
Rock'n roll desire
All the things you are
In a single word
Famously inspired
Privately absurd
And the days go by
Morning, noon and night
Permanently wired
To a simple life
And the way we were
Fatefully entwined
In a shameless world
Rock'n roll desire
6. Song To The Siren
( Buckley / Beckett )
Long afloat on distant oceans
I did all my best to smile
Till your singing eyes and fingers
Drew me loving to your isle
And you sang sail to me
Sail to me, let me enfold you
Here I am, here I am
Waiting to hold you
Did I dream you dreamed about me
Were you hare when I was fox
Now my foolish heart is leaning
Broken lovelorn on your rocks
For you sing, touch me not
Touch me not, come back tomorrow
Oh my heart, oh my heart
Shies from the sorrow
I am puzzled as the new born child
I am riddled as the tide
Should I stand amid the breakers
Should I lie with death my bride
Hear me sing, swim to me
Swim to me, let me enfold you
Here I am, here I am
Waiting to hold you
7. No Face, No Name, No Number
( Capaldi / Winwood )
I'm looking for a girl who has no face
She has no name or number
And so I search within this lonely place
Knowing that I won't find her
Well I can't stop this feeling
Deep inside of me
Ruling my mind
I feel no sound
Don't know where I'm bound
The scenery is all the same to me
Nothing has changed or faded
I'm part of it, some part of me
Painted cool green and shaded
So try to find myself
Must be the only way
To feel free
Well I can't stop this feeling
Deep inside of me
Ruling my mind
I'm looking for a girl who has no face
She has no name or number
8. BF Bass (Ode To Olympia)
( Ferry / Manzanera )
Trouble is your middle name
That's a dangerous place to be
Within your mis-en-scene
There is no sobriety
No dancing in the street
No roaming on your phone
Your taste is bitter sweet
And your Facebook is your home
Love love you fit me like a glove
Love love I can't get enough
You make me wild and weary
You make me sad
You're Myspace now in theory
You're YouTube mad
You'll never know what it means
Living inside my dream
Visions of so many things
A thousand violins
Love love you fit me like a glove
Love love I can't get enough
9. Reason Or Rhyme
( Ferry )
Why must you shed such tender tears
In the evening of your years
No other love could stem the tide
Of the loneliness I hide
Open your heart and let me live
All the promises I could give
The sun and moon and all the stars
They bow down to you whenever you pass
In a world of fading sadness
An emerald ring, a photograph
That look in your eyes the brush of your cheek
These are the moments in life that I seek
No reason or rhyme, no presence of mind
Just a dance to the music of time
Why must you shed such tender tears
In the evening of your years
No other love could stem the tide
Of the loneliness I hide
Inside out, upside down
Obscured by clouds, or underground
The sun and moon and all the stars
They bow down to you whenever you pass
Wherever you are, whenever you speak
These are the moments in my life that I seek
No reason or rhyme, by chance or design
Just a dance to the music of time
10. Tender Is The Night
( Ferry / Stewart )
Now picture this, my point of view
In an ideal world I see the likes of you
Such as it is, babes in the wood
At the best of times I feel misunderstood
No work, no play
A million miles away
Tender is the night
I'm frantic today
It makes no sense, you'd think of me
When I'm out of place in your society
I want to be, where strangers meet
I want to hold you at the dark end of the street
No work, no play
A million miles away
Tender is the night
I'm frantic today
Is this the end, then let me know
Are you wanting me to stay, or should I go?
Your fancy words, spin fast and loose
I'm too tongue-tied for the company you choose
No work, no play
A million miles away
Tender is the night
I'm frantic today
1. You Can Dance
2. Alphaville
3. Heartache By Numbers
4. Me Oh My
5. Shameless
6. Song To The Siren
7. No Face, No Name, No Number
8. BF Bass (Ode To Olympia)
9. Reason Or Rhyme
10. Tender Is The Night
Olympia is Bryan Ferry's 13th solo album, released on October 25th 2010 by Virgin Records. Several years in the making, Olympia contains the first original Bryan Ferry compositions to be released in nearly a decade, also featuring writing collaborations with Scissor Sisters, Groove Armada and Dave Stewart of Eurythmics.


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The government of South Sudan is set to unveil plans for a new East African pipeline next week. The decision to build the new line comes after statements that South Sudanese oil is "no longer safe in Sudan." This most recent dispute between Sudan and South Sudan rose out of disagreements over transit fees.
According to one source, Khartoum was demanding a pipeline fee of US$ 36 per barrel, a figure that analysts say is 10 times the international norm for such a fee. It perhaps comes as no surprise then, that South Sudan is looking for alternative routes by which to export its oil.
Barnaba Marial Benjamin, the South Sudanese information minister and government spokesperson has been quoted as saying that South Sudan has begun to make "practical steps" towards the construction of a pipeline through Kenya and Uganda. Benjamin also added that the construction of a refinery in South Sudan would begin immediately.
Though none have been mentioned specifically so far, there are a number of companies that could be involved in the construction of a new pipeline and refinery: China National Oil Corp., Sinopec, and Natural Gas Corp. of India are all currently active in South Sudan. Another company, Total, discussed the possibility of constructing such a pipeline in December of last year but mentioned that the idea remained nothing more than "just thoughts."
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Full CoverageBreaking News
Police want to talk to friend in car with slain womanUPDATED 8:03 PM CST Jan 11, 2013
Police in The Village are investigating the death of a Amber Stokke, shot and killed in a neighborhood on Thursday night. Detectives want to talk to a woman who was in the car with her just before she was shot.
CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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The third-party logistics and freight forwarding arm of the Deutsche Post DHL Group launched SameDay Speedline, a global expedited airfreight service for urgent delivery of spare parts, critical medical supplies, or newly launched products.
Association of American Railroads President and CEO Edward R. Hamberger said recent attempts to "re-regulate" the Surface Transportation Board's railroad rate review process are "misguided."
Under the strategic partnership, Herzog Technologies will provide short-line railroad operator Watco Cos. with positive train control program management and back-office hosting services, according to a spokesperson for Watco.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
The shipping industry is being roiled by Hanjin's decision to file receivership, with spot rates surging, cargo being stranded on vessels, and now lawsuits are being filed by shipowners.
Several ocean carriers have decided to launch various routes in order to fill the void from Hanjin's halted operation.
The South Korean ocean carrier filed for recognition of its Korean insolvency proceeding in the United States Friday in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of New Jersey and the court ordered a hearing on the request for Tuesday.


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That loud noise you heard last week?
It wasn't thunder from the tropic storm. It was the "shot heard 'round Middlesex county" when South Brunswick sophomore Jessica Puchalski found the back of the net, and put East Brunswick in the unfamiliar role of having to try to come from behind in a 2-1 South Brunswick victory on Sept. 29th.
To put South Brunswick's win in perspective the last time East Brunswick lost to a Greater Middlesex Conference opponent, the Mets were in the Playoffs, you could still sell a house, and Puchalski, a now sophmore, was a sixth grader.
That was a 3-2 loss to Old Bridge on October 12th, 2006, after which East Brunswick began its staggering span of 57 consecutive games without a loss or tie against GMC opponents. Many teams came close but until last Wednesday none had managed to break East Brunswick's stranglehold on the GMC.
Puchalski's goal, mid-way through the first half, was followed up by what would be the eventual game-winning goal at the beginning of the second half by South Brunswick's Jade Gonzales. Stunned, East Brunswick got on the board with 11 minutes remaining, but South Brunswick's defense and the outstanding play in goal of Vanessa Perdomo sealed the win.
As for East Brunswick, don't feel too bad for them, their convincing 3-0 victory over Piscataway today, puts their new GMC consecutive win streak at two games and counting...
Several teams in the state this season have stepped up and are raising money and awareness for the fight against cancer.
Members of the Edison High School Lady Eagles soccer team participated in the 2010 High Speed Chase for the Cure 5kRun/3kWalk held at Rutgers University on September 12th. The girls contributed $440.00 which will benefit The Cancer Institute of New Jersey.
This Thursday night at 7PM, the Woodbridge team is hosting a Breast Cancer Awareness game when they face off against Piscataway in a Red Division clash. The girls will wear pink jerseys and use pink balls during the game. All proceeds from the night, including concessions at the stadium as well as all proceeds from a special 50-50 drawing will go towards the American Cancer Society.


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Blog Archive
Posted by Mat Kaplan on 2012/08/16 01:23 CDT | 5 comments
A new monthly series of Southern California Public Radio events begins with a look at how intelligent machines and virtual humans will change what it means to be a real human. Attend or watch the live webcast tonight, Thursday, August 16.
Posted by Andrew Chaikin on 2012/07/18 04:11 CDT | 3 comments
Chaikin interviews Mars scientist Nathalie Cabrol who talks about her passion for exploration and urges America to explore even in tough economic times.
Today's 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast Offers a Free, Online Astronomy Class!
Posted by Mat Kaplan on 2012/01/26 09:06 CST
The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast begins this year's effort with an interview with Bruce Betts, who will be starting an online astronomy course. A transcription of the interview is included in this post, as well as a link to the podcast.
Beyond The Horizon, There's More To Explore!
Become a member of The Planetary Society and together we will create the future of space exploration.
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SWIFTWATER, PA. — A Newark man and woman were arrested and charged after leading Pennsylvania state troopers on a chase in a stolen car with children inside, authorities said.
Saheem Wallace, 24, and Donyea Roberson, 22, were in a car stolen out of Cincinnati and were on their way to Newark on Monday, troopers said.
At 12:18 p.m., the troopers attempted to stop the car on Interstate 80 eastbound in Pocono Township – but the car kept driving, the report adds.
The driver of the car got off the highway and stopped at a private business on Kunkletown Road, the report says. Wallace and Roberson both got out of the car and fled on foot – leaving behind three children inside the car, police said.
But troopers caught up with them walking behind a residence near the road, the state police added.
Both were taken to the state police barracks in Swiftwater, and Wallace allegedly told the troopers that he stole the vehicle in Cincinnati, Ohio and was on his way to Newark. Both were charged with receiving stolen property – and Wallace was also accused of fleeing, attempting to elude, and endangering the welfare of children, authorities said.
Police would not comment on where the children lived, or who their parents were. Pennsylvania's Children and Youth Services came to the barracks for the children.
State troopers at the Swiftwater barracks declined further comment today.


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Bach, 42, tells TMZ that the couple – who married in 1992 – have been separated since April.
"We have tried to work things out for the sake of our family, but it has become apparent that our differences at this point are irreconcilable," the heavy metal rocker says. "In 2011, we go our separate ways."
The couple has three children together: sons Paris,21, and London 14, and daughter Sebastiana, 3.
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own
PHOTOS: Best of 2010 12 months of babies and the most stylish moms-to-be!


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The art of selling high end: David Ogilvy talks about real estate
Updated 10:33 am, Friday, August 16, 2013
David Ogilvy & Associates is known townwide for its high-end real estate offerings. The real estate office also has an international reach as the exclusive Greenwich affiliate of Christie's International Real Estate company, which operates in more than 40 countries. Ogilvy's firm currently has a listing which, at $190 million, is the highest priced property in the U.S. Heading the company bearing his name is David Ogilvy, a true Greenwich native. Ogilvy, whose family name is synonymous with advertising, opted to go into real estate and his expertise is in selling houses -- especially high-end houses.
Greenwich Citizen caught up with Ogilvy to get his take on the high-end market.
Q: How long have you been in real estate?
A: All my career. I started in real estate at age 24 and have loved it ever since. I grew up with a family in the advertising business -- my father, his brother and my uncle each ran a big advertising agency. I enjoyed advertising, but I wanted to be in Greenwich. I had gone to the University of Virginia and thought of being an architect, but selling houses has been much better for me.
Q: What is your title?
A: President of David Ogilvy & Associates.
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Q: Can you define the high-end market here in Greenwich?
A: The high-end market is really above $5 million, and it is a very exciting market. One of the things that is so terrific about Greenwich is that there are so many interesting houses. We have one very interesting house that is priced at $960,000 and we have other interesting houses that are $1.5 million, $2.5 million and $8 million. That's a wide range.
Then, we have the penultimate Greenwich estate which is $190 million that is the talk of the town and totally unique as the only 50-acre waterfront property with its own point in Greenwich, that has never been subdivided. We have an Italian villa that is pictured in the famous book, "The Great Estates," that once sat on 222 acres -- a large portion of which is now the Griffith E. Harris Golf Course. It has Italian gardens. You feel as if you're in Europe. It's totally romantic.
Q: The real estate market as a whole ran into a tough stretch here in Greenwich, but it appears things are turning around. Did the high-end market hit tough times as well?
A: The high-end market continued to sell -- but fewer houses -- because buyers recognize that these houses only come on the market once in a generation or less frequently than that. There is a lovely house on Field Point Circle that sold for $39.5 million during this tough time. We sold another superb house at $25 million on Field Point Circle. Nothing like it is going to be available anytime soon. In Old Greenwich, there was a house on the waterfront that sold for $14 million that was a whole new price point for that area.
After 2008, it was definitely slower in the high end. But we're definitely recovering now. People need to be very careful with their pricing. An A-quality house in A-quality condition in an A-quality location, it will do very well if priced correctly. If you have a C-condition house on an A-quality location it better be really fixed up to be saleable at a great price. Some houses are not selling well in the $3 to $5 million range, but again, condition is everything. Buyers create a list in their mind about each house that they see and what it needs done to it. If that list is very short the house will do well, but if the list is long it overwhelms them and probably propels them to a brand new house or another house in top condition. People want great condition.
Q: Are there any differences between how you approach selling a $10 million house and a $1 million house?
A: Everybody's house is their castle. We always mention that. The $1 million house is as important to that owner as it is to the $10 million house owner. I hope that everybody who buys a house loves the house. That's why we're in the business. As a company, we work very hard finding the right house for the right person, so it is a love affair.
Q: Is one more difficult to sell than the other?
A: The pyramid is much smaller at the top, but we believe in providing great photos and great advertising for every house we have from $500,000 up to the top. You want to appeal to the buyer. They want to live in something very special. It's all in how you do the presentation. Our ads tell a story. You may need to change the ad, make it pull better, whether on the web or in print ads. I find it disappointing to see other houses sometimes advertised with very inferior photography and very ineffective copy or no copy. People want to dream. Create that in the ad.
In 1985, I bought this house that holds our offices. It took me two years to restore it, but I got this little house dated 1867 restored to perfection. It looks antique but it is full of the state-of-the art equipment to ensure that we have everything at our finger tips. It sits between an auto dealer and a brick office building -- like that children's book "The Little House" -- and this is what Greenwich has been like for hundreds of years. It's very important that we value these places and maintain them.
Our office is the first building people see coming off I-95 or from the train so it is the ultimate real estate office location. It has a little park in an area of concrete that is our gift to downtown Greenwich.
Q: What is the most challenging thing about selling a high-end home?
A: What is challenging is there are a number of them. People expect a lot from an expensive house -- and it better deliver. They expect a wow factor. If I'm going to spend this kind of money I want it to blow my socks off. This is something an owner can create. When I sold my house, I spent months getting it together. It was in sensational condition, as I have to practice what I preach.
We have to take the buyer out in a sparkling car to a sparkling house and do a sparkling job. The fun of showing a major house is that people can find something that is interesting, that excites on a great property and you match all that with this amazing town -- the beaches, the golf courses, the parks, Audubon and the public and private schools, and it becomes compelling to purchase here this close to New York City.
I'm very proud of my town. I grew up here, went to school here and many of my chums still live here.
Q: Do you have a current house for sale that people in Greenwich should know about?
A: Yes, it's a 5-year-old custom built, 6-bedroom Georgian stone house at 564 North Street for $8.9 million that is built with stone indigenous to the area. It's on lovely open property -- 4.6 acres that can be 7.6 acres, in midcountry with a view of a beautiful pond and a stream. The architect and builder created something special -- a home with warmth and amazing light, and yet it has all the bells and whistles in a very low-key way, with superb detailing. It's a state-of-the art house -- all the systems are new. People love all these bells and whistles. The layout really works. People love family rooms adjoining kitchens. They love mud rooms (not invented 20 years ago). They love insulated glass that looks traditional in style.
The high-end builders have responded to the market and made these houses better and better. It's a Fairfield County look, a Greenwich look.