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Outsourcing Haiti
How disaster relief became a disaster of its own
Petrocaribe-financed housing development in Morne Cabrit, on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. Photograph: Jake Johnston
Across the country from Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital, miles of decrepit pot-holed streets give way to a smooth roadway leading up to the gates of the Caracol Industrial Park, but no further. The fishing hamlet of Caracol, from which the park gets its name, lies around the bend down a bumpy dirt road. Four years after the earthquake that destroyed the country on January 12, 2010, the Caracol Industrial Park is the flagship reconstruction project of the international community in Haiti. Signs adorn nearby roads, mostly in English, declaring the region "Open for Business." In a dusty field, hundreds of empty, brightly colored houses are under construction in neat rows. If all goes as hoped for by the enthusiastic backers of the industrial park, this area could be home to as many as 300,000 additional residents over the next decade.
The plan for the Caracol Industrial Park project actually predates the 2010 earthquake. In 2009, Oxford University economist Paul Collier released a U.N.–sponsored report outlining a vision for Haiti's economic future; it encouraged garment manufacturing as the way forward, noting U.S. legislation that gave Haitian textiles duty-free access to the U.S. market as well as "labour costs that are fully competitive with China . . . [due to] its poverty and relatively unregulated labour market."
The report, embraced by the U.N. and the U.S., left a mark on many of the post-earthquake planning documents. Among the biggest champions of the plan were the Clintons, who played a crucial role in attracting a global player to Haiti. While on an official trip to South Korea as Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton brought company officials from one of the largest South Korean manufacturers to the U.S. embassy to sell them on the idea. U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, having just appointed Bill Clinton U.N. special envoy to Haiti, tapped connections in his home country, South Korea.
Then suddenly, the earthquake presented an opportunity for the Clintons and the U.N. to fast track their plans. The U.S. government and its premiere aid agency, USAID, formed an ambitious plan to build thousands of new homes, create new industries, and provide new beginnings for those who lost everything in the earthquake. Originally the plan was to build the industrial park near Port-au-Prince. But land was readily available in the North, and the hundreds of small farmers who had to be moved from the park's site were far less resistant than the wealthy land-owners in the capital. So the whole project moved to the Northern Department, to Caracol. Under the banner of decentralization and economic growth, the Caracol Industrial Park, with the Korean textile manufacturer Sae-A as its anchor tenant, became the face of Haiti's reconstruction.
Pledges from international donors rolled in after the earthquake, reaching a total of $10 billion.
Now, only 750 homes have been built near Caracol, and the only major tenant remains Sae-A. New ports and infrastructure have been delayed and plagued by cost overruns. Concerns over labor rights and low wages have muted the celebration of the 2,500 new jobs created. For those who watched pledges from international donors roll in after the earthquake, reaching a total of $10 billion, rebuilding Haiti seemed realistic. But nearly four years later, there is very little to show for all of the aid money that has been spent. Representative Edward Royce (R-CA), the chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, bluntly commented in October that "while much has been promised, little has been effectively delivered."
The story of how this came to pass involves more than the problems of reconstruction in a poor country. While bad governance, corruption, incompetent bureaucracy, power struggles, and waste contributed to the ineffective use of aid, what happened in Haiti has more to do with the damage caused by putting political priorities before the needs of those on the ground.
The Housing Crisis and the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission
The earthquake decimated Haiti's housing stock: 100,000 were destroyed and more were damaged. There were $2.3 billion in damages in the housing sector alone, and 1.5 million people left living in makeshift tent camps. Unplanned and unregulated housing construction made Port-au-Prince, with population at least 3 million, extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. In less than a minute, entire shantytown neighborhoods came crashing down.
The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission was created by the international community to coordinate post-quake aid and align it with Haitian government priorities. Bill Clinton, as the U.N. special envoy and the head of the Commission, was optimistic. "If we do this housing properly," he affirmed, "it will lead to whole new industries being started in Haiti, creating thousands and thousands of new jobs and permanent housing."
Like the Caracol Industrial park, the Commission was presented as a response to the devastation of the earthquake. But its basic tenets—and its slogan, "Build Back Better"—were actually agreed upon by the U.S. and U.N. in the year prior. The commission's formation was handled not by the Haitian government, but by the staff of the Clintons, mainly Cheryl Mills and Laura Graham, as well as a team of U.S.-based private consultants. The commission's bylaws were drafted by a team from Hogan Lovells, a global law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. A team from McKinsey and Company, a New York based consultancy firm, handled the "mission, mandate, structure and operations" of the commission. Eric Braverman, part of the McKinsey team, later went on to become the CEO of the Clinton Foundation.
According to Jean-Marie Bourjolly, a Haitian member of the commission, the body's "original sin" lay in concentrating the decision-making power in the Executive Committee of the Board, made up of Bill Clinton and then–Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive. In October 2010, just six months after its creation, Bourjolly wrote a memorandum to the co-chairs and the rest of the commission's board. The note cautioned that by "vesting all powers and authority of the Board in the Executive Committee, it is clear that what is expected of us [the rest of the Board] is to act as a rubber-stamping body." According to Bourjolly, the memorandum was not included in the official minutes of the October meeting at Clinton's behest, and the document has remained out of the public sphere. But one former commission employee confirmed the commission's role: he told me that many projects were approved because "they were submitted by USAID and State" and "that as long as USAID is submitting it and USAID is paying for it," it should be approved.
Bourjolly also contended that the commission was failing to live up to its mission "to conduct strategic planning, establish investment priorities and sequence implementation of plans and projects." Rather, Bourjolly wrote, "our action has so far been limited to accepting projects that. . . come our way on a first come, first served basis" and that it would result in "a disparate bunch of approved projects. . . that nonetheless do not address as a whole neither the emergency situation nor the recovery, let alone the development, of Haiti."
The number of displaced persons is down to 200,000 from 1.5 million. But only 25 percent of that decrease is due to official housing programs.
Even the Clintons' supporters conceded that their staff and the foreign consultants did more harm than good. A Haitian government official, who requested her name be withheld because of the power the Clintons continue to wield in Haiti, commented that "they were lucky to get someone as high-profile and experienced as Clinton" but that the staff "had no idea what Haiti was like and had no sensitivity to the Haitians." "Out of ignorance, there was much arrogance," the official said. "And who pays the price? The Haitian people, as always."
Article 22 of the Haitian constitution enshrines "the right of every citizen to decent housing," and civil society groups have long advocated for the government to protect this right through large-scale, affordable public housing. But in October 2011, the commission quietly closed its doors. Its eighteen-month mandate was not renewed, and little remained of the grand plans to build thousands of new homes. Instead, those left homeless would be given a small, one-time rental subsidy of about $500. These subsidies, funded by a number of different aid agencies, were meant to give private companies the incentive to invest in building houses. As efforts to rebuild whole neighborhoods faltered, the rental subsidies turned Haitians into consumers, and the housing problem was handed over to the private sector.
The number of displaced persons is down to 200,000 from its 1.5 million peak, according to the U.N. But only 25 percent of that decrease has anything to do with official programs to provide housing. Many were given a paltry subsidy and evicted from their camps. The highest profile and most visible camps were closed down, but those tucked in alleys, out of the view of the convoys of aid workers' vehicles, remain forgotten. Fifty-five thousand Haitians who moved to areas known as Canaan, Jerusalem, and Onaville were recently removed from the "official" list of Internally Displaced Persons camps. Though those who were pushed out of the camps simply returned to their old homes, the international community claims progress. A USAID–sponsored study from the summer of 2011 estimated that over a million Haitians were occupying damaged homes and that nearly half of them were living in "buildings that might collapse at any moment." In fact, if another quake happened today, they'd be more likely to die than they were living under tents in clearings.
By September 2013, nearly four years after the earthquake, only 7,500 new homes had been built and 27,000 repaired—an incredibly small achievement when set against the billions of dollars and grand plans put together by the international community in the wake of the catastrophe. "Now, we have a return to the status quo, the same situation that was there before the earthquake, with no coordination and each project done haphazardly," Gabriel Verret, the former executive director of the commission, said.
USAID's $33,000 House
While the $500 rental subsidies recommended by the Clinton Commission at the end of its tenure became the preferred form of support by the Haitian government and international community, smaller projects to provide permanent housing that had already been approved by the commission were carried through. In December 2010, the commission's board had signed off on the U.S. government's "New Settlements Program," which called for the construction of 15,000 homes in Port-au-Prince and the North Department, where the new industrial park was to be located.
This June, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued a report revealing that only 900 of those 15,000 homes had been built. The overall goal has been reduced to 2,600. At the same time, costs increased from $53 million to over $90 million. The GAO found that the program suffered from a fatal flaw: original estimates had drastically low-balled how much the houses would cost. The calculation of 15,000 planned houses was based on an estimate of each costing around $8,000. With the cost of preparing the land, the total cost per house was over $33,000.
USAID assembled a team of shelter experts in August of 2010. The goal, according to Duane Kissick, the head of the shelter planning team, was to put the majority of available resources into the damaged communities. The plan they came back with was simple and meant to be implemented quickly. Jerry Erbach, another member of the Shelter Team, recalled that "there was a good deal of pressure to develop a series of projects very quickly and at low cost in order to meet the needs of those households who became homeless after the earthquake." The plan was to build homes that were simple, modest and small, but that could expand over time.
The narrative put forth by the Shelter Team experts is confirmed by USAID's Shelter Sector Activity Approval Document (AAD), which I obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request. The plan called for construction to be completed by December 2012 and specifically noted that "USAID programs will seek wherever possible to work with local partners." A USAID-funded study by the International Housing Coalition recommended the same thing, noting that "wherever possible, USAID should utilize Haitian construction contractors." Letting local companies or individuals handle the work means more money for Haiti, its economy, and its people. It's also cheaper, and has worked in the past.
Food for the Poor, an NGO that has worked in Haiti for decades, utilizes small local construction teams to build 1,000 homes each year at a cost of just $6,400 each. Brad Johnson, the president of Mission of Hope, another NGO working in Haiti, told the New York Times, "We're not one of the big groups that sit in Washington, D.C., and get the financing. . . But we're managing to get it done for $6,000 a house. I don't understand, for all the money that came into Haiti, why there aren't houses everywhere."
But the recommendations for using local contractors and the plan to build $8,000 homes were ignored. More international companies were brought in, additional studies were undertaken, and the first contract to actually build a house was not awarded until April of 2012, nearly two and half years after the quake and eight months after the project was approved. The contracts ended up going not to small local companies but to large international ones. Thor Construction, based in Minnesota, received $18 million, and CEMEX, a Mexican company, got over $7 million. Another $35 million went to two Haitian-American firms based in Maryland for environmental assessments, construction management, site preparation, and other associated projects.
Outsourcing the construction drove the price up, since international companies had to fly in, rent hotels and cars, and spend USAID allowances for food and cost-of-living expenses. To incentivize working in Haiti, the U.S. government also gave contractors and employees "danger pay" and "hardship pay," increasing their salaries by over 50 percent. With all these costs included in contracts, it's not hard to see how prices ballooned. Bill Vastine, a long-time contractor and member of the Shelter Team, said, "if the American people saw the true cost of this, they'd say 'you've got to be out of your mind.'" The changing priorities undermined any cohesion in the program.
"I don't understand, for all the money that came into Haiti, why there aren't houses everywhere."
With 200,000 still homeless and hundreds of thousands more living in grossly inadequate and often structurally unsound buildings, the 900 homes that USAID has built won't go very far. No current USAID employees agreed to speak about the project on the record, despite repeated requests for comment. In remarks before Congress, USAID administrator Beth Hogan stated that "we were significantly off in terms of what our original estimates were. . . when we got back bids from offerers who were going to actually build these homes. . . the estimates increased even further."
The Shelter Team also initially planned to build two-thirds of the homes in the Port-au-Prince area. But this has changed: the current plan is to build 75 percent of the homes in the Northern Department of Haiti, all within 13 miles of the new industrial park. Many USAID staffers on the ground wanted to focus on Port-au-Prince, where the damage was greatest. But the State Department had made a commitment to building houses in the North, in support of the Caracol Industrial Park.
The State Department's political intervention in the project also delayed the process of getting people into the houses that did manage to get built. According to Erbach, who also worked with an international NGO assisting the Haitian Government in selecting households to benefit from the new housing, pressure from the Department of State led to a "significant amount of time and effort being wasted on identifying and vetting workers from the industrial park who were not IDPs." The internal shelter AAD warned that "if the process is perceived as inequitable, opaque, or led by the United States, the [government] will appear to be 'choosing winners,' resulting in political problems." As Vastine describes it: "Every agency has its own little fiefdom, their own little budgets to protect and their own cadre of people they protect and they don't work well together; there is no cohesiveness with our own internal bureaucracy in the United States, much less with everything else that's here, from all the other countries."
Speaking before Congress, USAID Administrator Hogan conceded that, "what we realized as we were going into this. . . is that new homes isn't [sic] the solution for Haiti." USAID is now officially out of the home-building business in Haiti.
As for the 750 houses under construction in Caracol, as the four-year mark comes and goes, the first families are just now starting to move in. Meanwhile, back in Haiti's capital, at least 200,000 quake victims face another year living under tattered tarps.
Too Big to Fail
Over the last twenty years, the American foreign aid system, much like the military, has become increasingly reliant on private contractors. From 1990 to 2008, USAID experienced a 40 percent decline in staff while funds under their responsibility skyrocketed. A 2008 report from the American Academy of Diplomacy found that "implementation of programs has shifted from Agency employees to contractors and grantees and USAID lacks . . . [the] capacity to provide effective oversight and management." In her Senate confirmation hearing for Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton said "I think it's fair to say that USAID, our premier aid agency, has been decimated. . . It's turned into more of a contracting agency than an operational agency with the ability to deliver." Billions have been shifted to private corporations and NGOs. Many of those who actually implement foreign aid projects are explicitly for-profit companies, but even top employees at some USAID-funded non-profits earn over $300,000 a year.
Before he became head of the recovery commission, Bill Clinton urged those working in Haiti to ask, "Are we helping [the Haitian people] to become more self-sufficient? Are we building infrastructure in local development plans? Are we creating local jobs? Are we paying salaries for teachers, doctors, nurses, police, civil servants? Are we giving money to support government agencies that provide those services?"
The answers to these questions would seem to be mainly in the negative. In Haiti, a report (which I co-authored) at the Center for Economic and Policy Research revealed that less than 1 percent of the more than $1.3 billion in assistance provided by USAID was awarded directly to Haitian companies or organizations. USAID awarded more money to one Washington D.C.-based for-profit contractor, Chemonics, than to the entire Haitian government since the earthquake.
Haiti is not unique; these problems erode U.S. aid across the globe. A revolving door between NGOs, development companies, and the U.S. government has entrenched the system so deeply that any movement for change will be long and difficult. Fortunately, development agencies are slowly realizing that aid goes much further when more of it stays in the local economy. For its part, USAID has launched an ambitious reform program called "USAID Forward," which aims to totally overhaul the procurement system, working directly with local institutions. USAID Administrator Beth Hogan told Congress that in Haiti, the United States is "trying to reach 17 percent of our overall budget to be channeled through local institutions." But already, for-profit development companies have formed a lobbying group and hired the influential, Democratic party-linked, Podesta Group to get their message out. Their selling point: foreign companies are harder to hold accountable. It's an argument that rings hollow when you realize that not a single USAID awardee, NGO, or for-profit has been suspended or reprimanded publically for their work in Haiti, despite all the high-profile failures.
The failure of Haiti's reconstruction is, sadly, another chapter in a long history of poverty perpetuated by outside powers. Bureaucracy, internecine quarrels, moneyed lobbying, waste and inefficiency—these are not monopolies of poor, "developing" countries such as Haiti. They are the problems of the United States and its foreign aid complex.
Read more from Boston Review on Haiti: "Apocalypse" by fiction editor Junot Díaz, "Civilizing Haiti" by Colin Dayan, and Colin Dayan's conversation with Jonathan Katz, "The Secret History of the Haitian Earthquake."
The Interim Haiti Recovery CommissionFri, 2014-01-17 17:38 — gerhard.tauscher
A very well done article! Well researched.
Just the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission was from the beginning on an American invention. It created a a paralell system to the UN coordination mechanisms, which made it not easier.....
Getting your dollar's worth in HaitiSun, 2014-01-19 22:03 — Lance
Somehow, the complaints of Haitian nationals in Haiti bother me...sort of like a poor person complaining about the quality of the Christmas toy his child has just received from a private charity. It is Americans who should be upset with the tremendous waste on display by USAID-Haiti, since it is U.S. taxpayer money that is being wasted. Considering that most in the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince spend very little time outside the Embassy compound interacting with real Haitians, it is hardly surprising that few of them would realize that the house they just built for $33,000 should have cost $6,000. Or that the house Embassy personnel are renting for $3,000 per month would be rented to a local for less than half that.
Check your metaphorWed, 2014-01-22 01:06 — Matt
Lance, do you honestly feel "bothered" that Hatians are not grateful for self-interested foreign intervention?
The earthquake was anything but "Christmas" and the exploitative aid campaigns have been anything but "toys." Perhaps a more apt metaphor would be to think of governments and contractors as peddling inappropriate, harmful, albeit "free," medicine. Cetainly, U.S. taxpayers ought to feel cheated but how about showing some empathy for the Hatians who are now worse off thanks to these projects?
Would you call a sick man ungrateful after he had been further infected, rather than healed, in the emergency room?
for first and fullest accountMon, 2014-01-20 17:55 — Anonymous
for first and fullest account of the US-funded Caracol factory project, read:
Earthquake Relief Where Haiti Wasn't Broken - July 2012 (Deborah Sontag)
Earthquakes: natural and manufacturedTue, 2014-01-21 20:34 — Adrianne Aron
How different all this might look if Aristide were in the president's house in Haiti! Under his adminstration corruption was curbed, poverty was being addressed, and government agencies were both serving public needs and being held accountable--all reasons for the U.S. to support a coup to get rid of him so this kind of shock-capitalism could flourish. Some good information from the ground in Haiti can be found at www.haitisolidarity.net
do you know what you talking about?Thu, 2014-01-23 14:17 — Worldview
@Adrianne Aron
Please refrain from commenting on something you know very little about. As someone who grew up in Haiti and at one point supported Aristide he is one of the main reason Haiti is where it is today. While he might of had some good intentions at the biginning, his lack of potical acuments actually made matters worst. He advocated killing and burning those that disagreed with him, he made a famous speech on national tv calling for his supporters to put tires around the neck of those he deemed to be against his government. He escalatte what was already a divided country and made matters worst, When he was in agreat position to bring the country together due to his popularity by the masses if he really wanted the best for Haiti. Aristide destroyed the life of a whole generation of young Haitians by preaching violence and was nothing short of a criminal. It's not easy for me to talk this way about the man that i once wish could of changed the country.
Disaster Capitalism at its worstWed, 2014-01-22 11:30 — Jeff
Naom Klein's book "Disaster Capitalism" describes the history of this kind of predatory behavior, whereby thousands of NGOs, for-profits etc descend on a country post-disaster to essentially capitalise on their misery.
This article misses chastising the Haitian government to provide guidance post-disaster, which it didn't at all, essentially leaving the whole mess to the cluster f$ck of the international community (many who had never been to Haiti before), nor does it point out all the price gouging and rent seeking behavior that occured by the locals on the ground in the wake of the earthquake.
There was some good work done in Haiti, but it's mostly obfuscated by the huge waste by the Beltway bandits and other development agencies which failed to collaborate with, and develop the capacity of, local organizations.
Bref, anyone who ever believed that development assistance and humanitarian aid is purely altruistic, has never looked into the industry - and this is by no means limited to US organizations and firms.
Beltway BanditsWed, 2014-01-22 16:24 — Mona
You are right. Beltway bandits and US NGOs will never work themselves out of a job. Many have the solution to solve a development problem, or address or get rid of a development challenge. They would never do it no matter how much USAID or another donor agencies ask or pay them to do it. That would be like "business" suicide. That is why USAID and other development donors need to develop and implement development projects or programs with their own staff. At the mininum USAID staff should be the chief of party of a team selected to implement the project. This one key reform would make a huge difference in what is achieved, impact and would increase performance and accountability. Of course USAID would need to rethink how they design these huge multi-million projects and aim at achieving impact and results that can be measured in terms of annual milestones and benchmarks reached instead of achieving indicator targets that tells no one anything about whether a difference has been made or not and if so, how much.
A country like Haiti after a catastrophic earthquake should have been put under a U.S. or international trusteeship and governed like Puerto Rico, or U.S. Guam or something until basic infrastructure, social, legal, economic systems and structures are established, the majority of the people are educated, and the level of corruption is reduced to a small level of annoyance that doesn't impact much of anything. Trying to develop a country with a corrupt and incompetent government, political leaders, and self-serving local and U.S. NGOs is an almost impossible tasks. The money the way it was given only made the richer rich and the poorer poor, which has been the case no matter what approach the international community of the past 35 years. Will a wise and courage leader like Lee Kuan Yew step up and show western leaders with an interest in Haiti on to achieve real and transformational development to remove the country and people out of this vicious circle of poverty, incompetency, and indifference? Haiti's elites have been the equivelent of the bubonic plague on the poor country for a long time.
small correctionWed, 2014-01-22 20:07 — j
Beth Hogan is not the USAID Administrator. She is a very senior official but Dr. Raj Shah is the USAID Administrator.
There are some fair pointsFri, 2014-01-24 12:36 — Peter
There are some fair points here and some unfair and wrongheaded ones too. One of the key things that the author misses is that USAID should never have been involved in home construction in the first place. It's not something that the agency has much, if any, experience with. My suspicion is that the Mission in Haiti was forced into that role by Congress, which earmarks its funding. The other thing to consider is that more than 12 years after 9/11, One World Trade Center (cost $3.9 billion) is still under construction, construction which didn't start until 2006, more than five years after the attacks. It's been four years since the earthquake in Haiti and 400,000 structures were destroyed or damaged there. People have a very skewed sense of what sort of timeline aid agencies and organizations should be working on, particularly in an environment like Haiti, where the state barely functions and local capacity is limited. The idea that local construction firms are prepared to build 100,000 homes is deluded, as is the idea that local Haitian organizations have the ability to manage, track, control, and report on millions of dollars in donor funding. This isn't a criticism, it's simply the reality of the operating environment there. Real, sustainable change takes time. An organizaton doesn't simply develop the ability to implement multi-million dollar projects after six months or a year or two years of technical assistance or capacity building support. Construction firms don't professionalize and the workforce of an entire sector doesn't develop professional skills in a couple of years. If you want to be fair, visit Haiti in 2035 and assess conditions then. Development is accretive, it's incremental. It doesn't occur on the artificial timelines of the public or of donors. I can't say if the aid community is moving things in the right direction in Haiti, but only time will tell.
Kit Miyamoto: 30 Months in HaitiFri, 2014-01-24 14:03 — Kit Miyamoto
If you are interested in reading something from someone who was actually on the ground, performing the building assessment, repairing and rebuilding enough homes so that over 100,000 people could go back to them then read: 30 Months in Haiti. I was there. We are there and we are continuing to make progress. http://kitmiyamoto.com/thirty-months-in-haiti-part-1/ or you could visit http://www.miyamotointernational.com/media/earthquake-chronicles/haiti-y... to read the stats.
out of sourcesMon, 2014-04-28 16:11 — alan scouten
What is not mentioned here, is that Haiti lacks resources to rebuild its housing stock. The trees were burned for charcoal to cook, and the concrete comes from the DR and beyond. Materials to rebuild must come from offshore for the extended future. What need not come from offshore is the production facilities and the producers. GIven adequate and suitable materials, the Haitian craftsperson can do just fine. Just ask the American Contractor who hires the expatriot-immigrant for just those talents.
This is ra well done articleSat, 2014-09-06 04:04 — Timothy Schwartz
This is ra well done article and good source. I worked with many of the people quoted and Jake has the narrative right. In was an even bigger mess, but Jake keeps a sober tone and sticks to the verifiable facts. Regarding other reviewer comments and being disturbed by Haitians complaining about "gifts." It disturbs me too. But that's part of the problem with the whole aid system. The client is the US taxpayer--they foot the bill--and the beneficiaries are supposed to be needy Haitians. But the Haitians have no mechanism to complain (other commentor suggest no right), US taxpayers generally don't know what happened (since they were not the beneficiaries), and so US intermediaries (contractors and NGOs) scoop the bulk of the money without any accountability.


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The Republican candidates for lieutenant governor clashed over a television ad that attacked three of them and also on whether incumbent David Dewhurst has been an effective leader during a debate in Austin on Friday. The at-times heated rhetoric of the political hopefuls caused nearly half of their Texas Municipal League audience to depart before the hour-long match-up ended. None of the four candidates appeared to gain an edge during the debate.
Initial disagreements were triggered by a question to Sen. Dan Patrick, R-Houston, over a commercial he has run across the state claiming to be the only candidate who opposes in-state college tuition for immigrants in the U.S.illegally. Patrick defended the spot and insisted he "absolutely" was not a liar as his opponents contended. Both Texas Agriculture Commissioner Todd Staples and Land Commissioner Jerry Patterson said the ad was a lie and emphasized they both oppose the state law that gives in-state tuition rates to those living in Texas illegally. Dewhurst said he also opposes the law, which was signed by Gov. Rick Perry in 2001.
Dewhurst and Patrick also traded jabs over Patrick's claims that Dewhurst was ineffective as leader of the Senate this year. He contended that Dewhurst made Democratic Sen. Wendy Davis of Fort Worth a "rock star" by allowing her to filibuster an abortion bill in a special legislative session in June. Dewhurst said the end result – the bill eventually passed – was all that mattered. Further, he said, Patrick did not object at the time to letting Davis exercise her right under Senate tradition to filibuster legislation. "You may not like my leadership. Good, because you won't be in the Senate next year," Dewhurst quipped to the Houston Republican. Patrick has to give up his senate seat to run for the state's number two job.


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North Down Dump on Scotland
North Down Borough Council has decided that cutting costs is more important than common decency and has started dumping its waste on Scotland.
The council plans to export 30,000 tonnes of waste a year to Straid farm landfill site in Ayrshire for the next three years because disposal costs are much cheaper there. This decision came after Ballymena was embarrassed into cancelling its contract after it came under attack from Friends of the Earth and Ayrshire residents.
The exporting of waste is in breach of the proximity principle which states that it should be disposed of as close to the point of origin as possible. Such a principle is enshrined in the Scottish waste strategy but the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency seems content to turn a blind eye.
So far the Department of the Environment has failed to implement a waste management strategy for Northern Ireland. The DoE blames the Foot and Mouth outbreak for delaying the strategy but it has been dragging its heels for some time now. The strategy is finally due to be implemented near the end of the year but we may be in for a long wait.


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To the Editor: Along with views toward social responsibility in medicine, global health equity, and addressing health disparities, the interest of U.S. medical students and residents in global health activities has increased. However, many training programs developed to respond to this interest focus on international experiences1 and overlook valuable domestic opportunities to address and teach global health.
Currently, the non-U.S.-born percentage of the population is 12.5%,2 with 7% to 11% reporting a history of torture.3 Also, millions of undocumented immigrants and tens of thousands of refugees arrive annually. However, most practitioners lack sufficient training to address their needs and therefore miss the opportunity not only to serve these underserved populations properly but also to better prepare themselves for the international health setting.
I propose comprehensive domestic global health training for medical students and residents that covers the global burden of disease, immigrant and migrant health, and the health of refugees and survivors of torture and sex trafficking, and addresses core competencies in health disparities, cultural competency, health and human rights, and tropical and travel medicine.
The curriculum should include didactic sessions using real case studies with interactive discussions of the demographics, sociocultural factors, health care barriers, clinical presentations of diseases, and epidemiological and public health issues. Also, there should be clinical exposure that is systematic, ongoing, and with proper supervision and resources, complemented by practical experience working with grassroots organizations to address social determinants of health.
Such a comprehensive curriculum could help trainees gain cultural competency skills by addressing different health perceptions and sociocultural barriers, and by teaching clinical skills to diagnose and address unfamiliar diseases and travel health issues. The curriculum would (1) help trainees recognize the broader sociocultural and political factors that cross the boundaries of countries and affect the health of populations, (2) foster trainees' understanding of the relevant public health and epidemiological issues, and (3) help trainees develop skills in collaborating with community organizations to improve access to health care. Such teaching would also provide them opportunities not only to address health disparities domestically when they are unable to travel internationally but also to better serve other vulnerable populations in this country.
Ramin Asgary, MD
© 2013 by the Association of American Medical Colleges
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This is Football 2005
I stick with my quote. Sports games are more fun when you play them on a big tv screen with controllers than when you have to start hammering on keyboard with two. That's why I bought, about three years ago, This is Football 2002. Fun I had with that, you can't imagine ! Then came the exams and all form of entertainment was pushed aside. With result as I passed and also my fellow gamer could free up time again to game. Unfortunately, after an hour we noticed the challenge had gone and also the repetitive comment had lost much of its humoristic effect.
On the receipt of this reviewing disc the memories started to come up again and full of enthousiasm my good friend – who wishes to remain anonymous – and I decided to take on the latest of the TIF-family. We expected it to have grown out of its childshoes but that was a bummer. We did evolve and it didn't make the gameplay a lot more fun. This reacts still as slow as it did before, which means you need to practice a lot to be able to pass or tackle fluently, while it should feel like a second nature.
No, the minor adjustments that have been made cannot be found by me and are therefore no nameworthy improvements or renovations compared to the earlier version(s).
Everything looks pretty good, the stadiums are beautiful and the audience looks definitely a lot better than a year ago. That doesn't mean however, just like in previous editions, everything starts to shake when you attack quickly and unexpectedly, something that makes dribbling and passing near the goal rather difficult. After all, you're bashing the controller with full conviction and all input needs to be computed in real-time and not after a while because then you'll get the exact opposite – bad – effect. Sliding when the attacker is long gone, kicking towards the goal after having shot the ball away, aren't one-time happenings. This leads to huge frustration when the coincidence falls and you do a fault because of that and get punished with a red card or penalty.
The commentary from those early days is still in my head. "Far side" or "You shouldn't give him such a chance" created endless laughing parties. The surprise when I heard the voice of Tom Van Landuyt during the first game was megalomanic. I'm quite fond of his acting, Team Spirit and its sequel managed to convince me enough to go to the movies to see them. All in all that may have been more because of my interest in Flemish cinema than the accompanying man Jan Verheyen. I don't want to talk about Team Spirit – The series but I think Tom Van Landuyt got his role as commentary for TIF2005 only because of his work for the commercial television. If he would have done his job properly, that would have been a nice extra, but now it's all but that.
His intonation is wrong, missing or laughable and to make things worse, he even contradicts himself. As an example, he says: "And we leave this exciting and intensive first half" and seconds later you'll hear him say "We didn't really see much action yet".
The rest of the sound effects aren't bad but not exemplary either. What does bring a huge renewing is the online mode. Here you can of course play against other gamers and they're present with a lot on the different servers. Really interesting it becomes when you're playing at home with two in a team along with two others and go up against four other players that are also convinced of the use of netplay. The playing itself is very fluid and you don't experience and network slowdowns. A true added value.
Less added value but the more revolutionary is the possibility to have a player put on your face with the help of the EyeToy camera. By making a couple of profile shots some ingenious gamefunction can make a 3D model of your head, to afterwards put it on a player. This looks simple but my guess is that this uses a very flexible code and optimalisation. Also this is a nice extra.
Next to that you'll find in the menu all standard options and game modes. You will have to search very good though as the text is so unreadable that you'll either have to guess what could be there or decypher it bit by bit. This is extra irritating in the chat room where you can challenge an opponent of discuss the game with him.
The online mode makes TIF2005 more interesting than its predecessors but the game still has the same problems as its older brothers. The gameplay misses something, certainly when compared to what other developers have done. Graphically things are ok, except for the occasional framedrops. The audio commentary does bring the game down though. TIF2005 didn't manage to convince me of its good intentions so other and better. The PS2-version of Ajax Club Football maybe or otherwise the established values FIFA 2005 and Pro Evolution Soccer 4
FIFA Football 2005 LMA Professional Manager 2005
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S&P 500 ekes out small gain to set new record
NEW YORK — The Standard & Poor's 500 index eked out the smallest of gains to set another record high Monday as investors assessed earnings news. Earnings will hold investors' attention this week as major U.S. companies including Boeing report their results.
The S&P 500 closed up a fraction of a point at 1,744.66, its third consecutive record close. The index is up 22 percent this year, putting it on track for its best year since 2009.
The Dow Jones industrial average edged down 7.45 to 15,392.20. The Nasdaq composite rose 5.77 to 3,920.05.
McDonald's 3Q income increases by 5 percent
OAK BROOK, Ill. — McDonald's says its third quarter profit rose 5 percent to $1.52 billion, as the world's biggest hamburger chain benefited from a Monopoly promotion in the U.S. and strength in the U.K. and Russia.
Revenue rose 2 percent to $7.32 billion. Analysts expected $7.33 billion. McDonald's said Monday that revenue in stores open at least 13 months rose 0.9 percent. McDonald's has more than 34,000 locations.
Yahoo beats Google in US web visitors in Sept.
NEW YORK — For the third month in a row, more Americans visited Yahoo's websites than Google's, according to comScore's Internet traffic data for September. The firm said Monday that Yahoo's websites had 197.8 million unique U.S. visitors last month, while Google's had 191.4 million.
Yahoo is still far behind Google in making money from the people who visit its websites. Research firm eMarketer estimates that Google will generate $38.83 billion in worldwide digital ad revenue this year, more than any other company.
Netflix earnings jump as subscriptions climb
LOS GATOS, Calif. — Netflix's earnings quadrupled to $32 million as its line-up of original programming helped the Internet video subscription service attract 1.3 million more U.S. subscribers during its latest quarter. Revenue rose 22 percent to $1.1 billion.
The company ended September with 31 million U.S. subscribers, eclipsing the estimated 29 million subscribers that HBO's 41-year-old pay-TV channel is believed to have.
Microsoft: 8.1 update snag limited to Surface
REDMOND, Wash. — Microsoft says a problem caused when updating computers to Windows 8.1 RT is limited to its own Surface RT devices.
The issue was discovered over the weekend. Some users who tried to download an update to the Windows 8 RT would find their machines would shut off during the download and become inoperable.
Microsoft said Monday the problem affected less than 1 out of every 1,000 Surface RTs. It hadn't found out what the problem is. For now, the 8.1 download has been removed from the Windows Store. Microsoft also offered a way to complete the update using a USB drive.
Kohl's stores will be open on Thanksgiving
MENOMONEE FALLS, Wis. — Kohl's Department Stores says it will open its doors at 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving for the first time, adding to the growing ranks of retailers trying to get a jump start on the holiday shopping season. Kohl's has 1,158 stores across the country.
Wire reports


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Spinning and Underpricing: A Legal and Economic Analysis of the Preferential Allocation of Shares in Initial Public Offerings
Sean J. Griffith
Fordham University School of Law
Brooklyn Law Review, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 583-649, 2004
Among the sullied practices to emerge from the bursting of the stock market bubble is the preferential allocation, or "spinning," of shares in initial public offerings. This Article analyzes the practice of spinning, seeking first to understand it from the perspective of financial economics and, on the basis of that understanding, to determine the proper legal treatment of spinning. Through an analysis of the offering process and the incentives of its participants, the Article locates the primary harm of spinning in the underpricing of initial public offerings. Finally, the Article evaluates the various legal and regulatory proposals aimed at spinning to determine which among them is most likely to address this distinctive harm.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 67
Keywords: spinning, underpricing, ipo, initial public offering, securities law, issue, issuer, underwriter, conflict of interest, duty of loyalty
JEL Classification: G3, G30, G34, G39
Date posted: April 7, 2004
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From routine eye examinations to complicated ophthalmic diagnoses and procedures, the physicians at The Eye Care Group are dedicated to providing you and your family members with the highest quality of eye care. All of our comprehensive ophthalmologists are Board-certified by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and include: Dr. Robert L. Lesser, Dr. Stanley B. Hersh, Dr. David E. Silverstone, Dr. Andrew J. Levada, Dr. Aron D. Rose, Dr. Peter J. Branden, Dr. Yanina Kostina, Dr. Joel A. Geffin, Dr. Jonathan E. Silbert, Dr. Cinthia Guzman Covey, and Dr. Tara H. Cronin. Our doctors are skilled in diagnosing and treating all comprehensive eye conditions, including:
Should your eye condition require additional expertise in any given area, our multi-specialty group has the advantage of having trusted experts in each subspecialty field, including Cataract and Lens Implantation, Cornea, Cosmetic and Botox, Eyelid and Oculoplastics, LASIK and Refractive Surgery, Glaucoma, Neuro-ophthalmology, Optical and Low Vision, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Pediatric and Adult Strabismus, and Retina and Vitreous. In addition, you will have 24-hour access to one of our doctors 7 days a week for ocular emergencies. On your initial visit, expect that we will perform refraction and a thorough dilated retinal examination; therefore we recommend that you plan on an appointment length of approximately two hours. Please plan on arriving either 15 minutes early or complete the registration form prior to your appointment. Learn more about comprehensive ophthalmology and the cutting-edge ocular testing and imaging technology we offer to our patients, including fundus photography, Humphrey and Goldmann visual field testing, corneal topography, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Heidelberg Spectralis with fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence capabilities.


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ALTHOUGH multiple air cysts of the peritoneum (pneumatosis intestinales, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis) have been frequently described in the literature, a careful search has failed to reveal an account of a large solitary airfilled cyst in this location, although Brown,1 in 1936, reported an air cyst of the abdomen and left thigh, probably formed within the fascia of the psoas muscle. The first case report of multiple gas cysts of the intestine in the human, was described by Bang2 in 1876. Finney,3 in 1908, wrote of his first American occurrence, although the condition was known in domestic hogs since 1825. Numerous others were reported until in 1925, Thoma and Hennigar4 mentioned 57 such cases. In no previous report has a solitary large unilocular cyst resembling that in the case to be described appeared. Potter5 reports two instances of elongated cysts, one 6 cm. in diameter and
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The Next Frontier for Stem Cell Transplantation: Finding a Donor for All
Godley LA, van Besien K.
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on August 16, 2013 - 8:43 AM
, updated August 16, 2013 at 9:12 AM
An employee suffered third-degree burns in an explosion this morning at Gernatt Asphalt in the Cattaraugus County Town of Yorkshire, according to State Police.
It happened at about 6 a.m. at the plant, which is located on Route 16 in Yorkshire.
Police said Thomas L. Treadway, 53, was in the process of shutting down the asphalt plant when an explosion occurred in the conveyor belt, causing significant damage to the plant.
Treadway suffered serious burns to his upper body and was transported by Mercy Flight to Erie County Medical Center where he was listed in serious condition.
The cause of the explosion is still under investigation.


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Mercyhurst seeks different Frozen Four outcome
Stephanie DeSutter said something feels different about playing for a national championship in Minneapolis this time around.
"There's just something about this team," said DeSutter, one of three Mercyhurst women's hockey players to experience the Lakers' last trip to the University of Minnesota's Ridder Arena for the NCAA Division I Frozen Four. "We want to win. We want it bad. And we want it together."
Three years ago, the star-studded Lakers arrived in Minneapolis as a favorite to capture the program's first national championship, even without Meghan Agosta, the NCAA's career scoring leader who took that season off to prepare to play for Canada at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Standouts like 2010 national player of the year Vicki Bendus, Jesse Scanzano, Cassea Schols and Hillary Pattenden were back to avenge the Lakers' loss to Wisconsin in the 2009 championship game.
Yet the Lakers struggled in a 3-2 overtime loss to Cornell in the semifinals.
"This year is going to be much different," said DeSutter, a senior defenseman.
"We're just a much stronger team. It's more of a team," said DeSutter, whose team faces Boston University in today's 9 p.m. semifinal at Ridder Arena, with the winner earning a spot in Sunday's 4 p.m. title game.
DeSutter and fellow seniors Stephanie Ciampa and Lauren Jones have a second chance to capture the national championship that slipped away in 2010. Meanwhile, the rest of the young Lakers have a chance to enjoy their first Frozen Four. Yet they all have the same mindset.
"It's definitely a different year, different team," DeSutter said. "We're just looking to win. We've just got to keep our heads and stay together."
The Lakers have relied on teamwork more than star power during a season in which they weren't expected to reach the NCAA playoffs, let alone have an opportunity to play for the national championship. They endured some tough days along the way.
Yet the Lakers have found their "A" game in the season's final few weeks.
They have won eight straight games, including a 4-3 overtime win in the quarterfinals last Saturday against a second-seeded Cornell team that features three members of the Canadian women's national team.
The players also have found a quiet confidence as they face the most daunting challenge of their college careers.
Mercyhurst plays a BU team led by junior Marie-Philip Poulin, another member of the Canadian team that will play in the IIHF Women's World Championship next month in Ottawa, Ontario.
If the Lakers win, they could face Minnesota, the undefeated defending champion with a 47-game winning streak and all three finalists for national player of the year in Megan Bozek, Amanda Kessel and Noora Raty.
"(It's important) to have the confidence to know that we can do this if we do what we know we can," Ciampa said.
Lakers coach Michael Sisti won't change everything about his team's approach to this weekend's tournament.
As usual, their preparation has included video work and scouting reports on BU. Their daily routine will be the same as it has been all season.
Yet unlike the 2010 team, Sisti can motivate this team by capitalizing on the underdog label.
"We're certainly the underdogs," he said, "but we found a way to get there."
After that, Sisti said he simply plans to continue enjoying what has been "a fun ride" this season. He wants his players to enjoy it, too.
"It's one of those great life experiences that they'll remember for the rest of their lives," Sisti said. "So we want them to have fun. And then when you play the games, you don't want them to have any regrets. You want them to feel they played the best they possibly could. And whatever happens when the smoke clears, at least they feel good about being at their best in a big moment."
The Lakers expect to be at their best. The players are happy with what they have accomplished to date. They aren't satisfied, though.
"We're still looking for two more wins," DeSutter said. "We're ready to play."
VICTOR FERNANDES can be reached at 870-1716 or by e-mail. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/goeriehockey. Read the Shootout hockey blog at GoErie.com/blogs/shootout and post comments.


text: Ice Balls (set of 4) Discount Code: SUR11JUL Ships Directly from Manufacturer for $5.99 Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal EzzyLovesToSave Aug 27, 2011 The -3+ individual strikes again! Reply 1 like MrEddie Aug 26, 2011 Very useful,thanks!!!!! Reply 1 like EzzyLovesToSave Aug 26, 2011 :) Reply 1 like Load More Comments


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Full CoverageBreaking News
Woman says her pet died after eating dog treats
Treats still being soldUPDATED 9:43 AM EDT Oct 26, 2012
A Susquehanna Valley woman says her dog died after eating treats that were imported from China. The treats and others are part of a five-year investigation by the FDA, but they are still being sold. News 8 On Your Side consumer reporter Brian Roche looked into the matter. To find the links Brian mentioned in his report, go to this page.
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Nice caravan. More attention to clothes in wardrobes please!
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The Caravan was beautiful, everything we needed and very comfortable and clean. My husband is disabled and is on oxygen 24/7. The staff couldn't have been more helpful in organising this and ensuring we could park close to the caravan and have access to other amenities. Will definitely return again.
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Lovely caravan. Single beds on the small side for adults, but I suppose to be expected in a caravan. Our caravan could have done with more basic items i.e. it was an 8 berth but not enough mugs for everyone to have a brew at the same time. But lovely, clean caravan.
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I am a Ragdoll from miami, FL
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My favorite tricks and treats are: YEah He like totally jumps SUPER HIGH! and >_> ....me ;D
Where I hang out: in my room on the bed
My favorite grubs: miau miau indor/ chicken flavor never fish falvor he doesn't like
My pet peeves: waking everyone up in the morning
What I love about my owners: shes the bestest mommy ever ^_^
My cat hobbies: Run around and throw little balls aorund
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Monday TV's Got Two Tickets to Paradise and a Crippling Fear of Travel
First of all, did you see Leftovers last night? My favorite show, easy. Damn that was good. Anyway, here's Monday: A man will go to paradise in search of women who have complicated familial histories. Another man will search paradise and find only Ben Stiller. A group of awful women will go to paradise to search for the flaws in one another. Teens will become wolves and lovely-but-boring ladies will become butterflies, on MTV and under a dome respectively.
At 8/7c. you've got ABC's new show Bachelor In Paradise, which seems to just be Bachelor Pad but I don't really believe in straight marriage—I think it's a wedge issue designed to distract us from what really matters—so I couldn't tell you what happens. Only where it happens (in "paradise"), and that it's super fake, but a little less like straight-up prostitution than the flagships of the franchise. (And that the Crystal Gayle, Tab Cola, Falcon's Crest-looking title card makes me feel like we have all collectively fucked up somehow.)
Masterchef is down to the Top 11, Bear Grylls is downgrading all the way to Ben Stiller for his second episode of Running Wild, Switched At Birth takes its visual inspiration from yet another scary-sounding but (mostly) innocuous painting, this time in Goya's "No te escaparàs," and Jeff Davis is on Aisha Tyler's Whose Line Is It Anyway? (But not the super-great MTV one; the scary one, from comedy.)
At 9/8c. Richard Nixon interviews himself in his own words or some such on an HBO Special I'd prefer they call "Nixon x Nixon." Now, if you remember what he did for us over in China you'll probably agree he's bound to make some headway. FX's TVLandish enterprise Partners debuts tonight, so if "Kelsey Grammer and Martin Lawrence" doesn't sound like an obnoxious shitshow to you, first of all how are we even friends, and second of all, the latter half-hour of tonight's premiere is called "Let's Have A Simple Gwedding." So if you watch it knowing all of this, that's on you. The Housewives of Orange County are hitting the shores of Bali, a tranquil heaven on earth known for its calming power over even the drunkest and grimmest of bitches, which even still has no hope against the likes of Tamra and Vicki and whoever else is on that show that's super horrible.
Mostly of course there's also the best goddamn show on TV, The Fosters, which we here at Morning After await each week and in which we regularly delight, but tonight's the night where we watch the aftermath of Brandon's mom finding out he fucked his dad's live-in girlfriend/sober buddy while his dad was off trying to murder his twin siblings' biological mother but accidentally shacked up with her in a motel instead. She didn't take it well last week (seems like this might be a Rosie O'Donnell episode too, which always adds a certain touch of excellence on top of it all.)
At 10/9c. you've Mistresses, which randomly I have been missing lately and maybe I will watch tonight; you've got the timeslot debut of Anger Management, which I feel weird about because the show is enjoyable, but I don't feel like we should be rewarding Charlie Sheen. So I balance the books, morally speaking, by not watching the show, but feeling generally warmly toward it, from afar. Jersey Belle is a show on Bravo that I won't be watching, with a premiere episode being entitled "Knish Out Of Water." I mean, just shut up already. (After that, good old Shannon B from the RHOC and Elisabeth Moss who is in a cult but can do a killer Kiwi accent, on WWH:L.)
Longmire's season finale is called "Ashes to Ashes," so there you go. YA Fantasies Teen Wolf/Wolf Watch and Over Sea, Under Dome are also on the television around this time of night. Over in weirdo news, There's a new Mutant Planet (Our location on that planet? Namibia) on Science and a new show on ID called Nowhere To Hide with the amazing premiere title of "Three Doctors, One Wife." The exact Snow White scenario in which somewhere to hide would be of paramount importance.
Morning After is a new home for television discussion online, brought to you by Gawker. What are you watching tonight? What are we missing out on? Recommendations and discussions down below.


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Amanda Bynes has been keeping a video diary to prove to the state of California that she is mentally competent, and that she should be released from psychiatric care.
As you can see in this leaked video, Amanda Bynes is just your average normal American girl who is NOT made out of wax, enjoys jerking off guys in the backs of cars, and likes getting her nipples rubbed.
Yes this Amanda Bynes sex tape video diary proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that she is completely sane. Besides if the US locked up every woman that gave strangers handjobs, and molested a dog's sex organs there would hardly be any left and they'd be dangerously low on sandwiches.
I thought Amanda cleaned up her act and started doing the "squatty potty" ads on the banner to the right, but I guess she is finding other ways of cleaning out her colon.
Hashim the destroyer of Evil
Brother Durka Durka,
The bitches of the 4 Stooges gang also used to have a written diary.
But after a while they decided to stop with it because its content was awfully monotonous: from Monday to Saturday it only used to say: "Today's task: fuck at least 10 jigaboos".
On Sunday the entry used to be:"Trip to the Zoo to visit grandpa Chimpie".
Nothing inspirational and totally a waste of the time.
I found out their new diary
Mon: Gangbang each other
Tue: Look at Gay porn
Wed: Admire Joey Essex
Thur: Eat 15 cheeseburgers
Fri: Breastfeed each other
Sat: Finger arseholes
Sun: Shit and puke in each other's mouth,
Clearly Brother Hashim this is an average week of what Americans do
Team America
You posted your own diary by mistake, you retard. This is why you shouldn't post while drunk.
America! We the people!
You're clearly mistaken Fagica, you see, I got this from americastruesecret/thissucksfagicasdick ,, just admit it, and second I don't drink, not all Russians do but one true fact is that all of America eats so many cheeseburgers
Team America
You accidentally posted a gay sex tape of you giving Vladimir Putin a blow job. Now you're upset because everybody knows you're a faggot. That, along with the fall of the Soviet Union lead to your binge drinking and frequent gay sexual encounters with anonymous men. Your life spiralled out of control which lead you to one anonymous gay sexual encounter after another until your unprotected permiscuous gay sex life caught up with you resulting in you contracting aids. Now, riddled with aids and an uncontrollable addiction to alcohol and crack, you suck Muslim dick to pay for you habits while finding a small amount of comfort in the arms of your gay lover, Hashim. Though try as you may, you can't escape the fact that you are a drunken, aids infected, retard, homo Russian.
America! We the people!
Abdullah The Sheik of Tikrit
team homofag
Your name in Russian is "Vladaqueer Put'it Inmyass."
Gayrica, you've had to many Afrikaans cum, now you're diagnosed with Type two diabetes and STD's
Just admit it's you Gayrica, we all know it's a Americas hobby, and I don't drink
Team America
No, it's you. I find it hard to believe you don't drink considering you're Russian and come across as a complete retard, unless you really are just a retard. The only other explanation is that you get drunk on all that Muslim cum you swallow.
America! We the people!
Hashim the destroyer of Evil
After Islam, Russia is the country of the biggest composers, writers, scientists, and so on.
Not as America, the land of gays and poor minded.
Team America
Hashim the gay Jew
Islam isn't a country, retard. You Muslims are fucking stupid.
America! We the people!
I find it is you Gayrica, lay off the cheeseburgers, they are making you delusional since you added the Afrikan Korps special cum to it
Seal Team Six
Suckoffski is a drunk, a homo, a muslim and also a big time retard. He probably shit in his pants while he was typing that last post just because it felt so good. "Ooops, I did a tat tat".
I hope Nurse Ratchet beats the fuck out of him with a dirty bedpan and the chief breaks his fucking nose bones into his brain when he smothers Suckoffski with the pillow.
George Washington
Peek out the window of your halfway house and you'll notice the cold war is over. The Soviet Union has failed and you lost. It's only fitting that you would team up with your fag Muslim friends even though they kicked your ass in Afghanistan. Get Hashim's cock out of your mouth and clean yourself up…fucking disgrace of a has been superpower.
Hashim the destroyer of Evil
Georgy Fagg,
You're right: Muslims kicked Soviet asses out of Afghanistan. And the same we're doing now to pussified Americans.
The funny thing is that we're also destroying Americans on the streets of their own cities, selling them heroine. It's a full win win situation.
But when we take over US of A drugs will be forbidden and the drug sellers executed. The same will happen to homos, teachers (except in madrassas), TV professionals and, of course, the Jews that control show business.
And instead of watermelons people will have to eat dates.
A perfect society, at last.
George Washington
Take over the US? Bahahahaha. You idiots can't take over a mall in Kenya, or Israel for that matter. I will agree, you will find a paradise here homo Hashim. When you come here and your finger prints are matched up to a unexploded Roadside bomb or suicide vest, they will deem you a terrorist (because you are) and throw you in a American jail cell with a big ass Google named Bubba. Bubba not only encourages homosexuality in his cell, he insists on it. Once you've had 12″ of Bubba run up your anus you'll be screaming ALLHA AKQUEER(Allah is a faggot) all night long. You'll be in muslim heaven, and will long have forgotten all your silly dreams of retardedness.
Yeah but you still watched two planes kill 100,000 people
It was not even 5,000 people…
Shit Transvestite Stooge, I'm not a drunkard,I'm far from Muslim, quit being an immature cunt and a fat google and start being Silence Teamwork Supress for once
George Washington
Phenomenal education system you've taken advantage of over there in Former Soviet Russia. Denial is the first indication of an drunk. So what's up for tomorrow, listen to your radio on your Nikita Tesla Electricity. You fuctards take advantage of everything we develop and manage to fuck it up. Piss poor excuse for a white man. Settle down in to your muslim lifestyle looser. We don't want you.
And God doesn't want a fat cheeseburger eater in his domain
Team America
Seal team sucks aka Imposter team America.
Those people you speak of are in a movie you numb nuts and can't do the things you hope for just cause you wanted to suck that guys dick and he turned you down is no reason to wish harm to him with people who are in a movie.
Sounds like you need to be in a padded room for real you sick fuck
Glory holes yeah gay is the way
Team America
Amanda Bynes is gross
She calls her vagina, Hashim because just like Hashim its a hairy, smelly, cunt.
America! We the people!
George Washington
The only thing that would fuck that snatch is that dog…or even worse…a muslim(if she had a cock).
Hashim the destroyer of Evil
Team Piglets Molester,
To you, and all your pals of the 4 Stooges gang, any woman is gross. Only Jigaboos and farm animals are attractive.
This would be a huge problem if you lived in an Islamic country. But since you live in the heathen US of A, that's OK.
For the time being. Because in the shiny new era of the United Caliphates of Americastan your homosexuality will cause you deep troubles… (and a big head ache too, if you understand what I mean)
Team America
Hashim the gay Jew
When you wrote " To you", you were obviously addressing this post to me.
By writing "any women is gross. Only jigaboos and farm animals are attractive." You are admitting you think women are gross and you are only attracted to black people and farm animals.
Thank you for clearing that up.
America! We the people!
Seal Team Six
The bestiality at the end is a highly desirable trait that muzlims find irresistible. I have no doubts that Amanda will shortly be picked up for Homo Hashim or Imam UpTheAss 's harems. The only problem is she isn't a dude, but that's nothing a 12 inch latex strapon won't fix.
George Washington
12 inch maybe a little less that these homos are used to. I heard even Fagrofski can take more cock than that. No matter what these queers tell their Doctors, no normal person "accidentally" gets a fence post stuck up their ass.
Team America
What a tragedy
Amanda Bynes was cute, then she took a shot of Muslim cum in her mouth and made the mistake of swallowing. Now she is just a fucked up wreck of a human being. It's a cautionary tale of the dangers of ingesting Muslim cum. Just one load is all it takes to turn you into a dirty, drug addled, crazy, fucked up whore. I think it's time to put her out of her misery with a bullet to the head.
America! We the people!
Hashim the destroyer of Evil
That's funny because to you that only caused hair loss.
Team America
Hashim the gay Jew
Than my head full of hair is proof I haven't swallowed any Muslim cum.
America! We the people!
Ewwwww. And to think I ate her pussy.
Don't u do it you motherfucka
Oh do NOT start the whole "first" on this website. We have enough of it on Facebook.
That is the poorest fucking forgery I've ever seen . Paste another picture on there , of someone else .
Jew boy
I would berry my dick so far inside her ass, who ever could pull it out would be crowned King Arthur


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Pine Bluff Photos
• A WorldWeb.com Travel Guide to Photos in Pine Bluff, AR, Arkansas.
Photos DirectoryThese spectacular professional photos highlight the beauty of this region. To start your photo tour, click on the title of any image - you can then step between all of the images in the photo gallery.
Specialty Photography
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Image Archive
Detailed Record
Title: Judges stand and timing clock, Tampa, Florida, 1926
Accession Number: 1984.187.17831F
Category: PHOTOGRAPHS - SOFT NEGATIVES
Type: safety negative
Maker: Rosenfeld and Sons
Place: USA, FL, Tampa
Date: 1926-03-05 - 1926-03-06
Materials: safety film, Kodak #9
Description: 5x7 safety negative photographed by Rosenfeld and Sons at the first Tampa Bay Regatta held on March 5 and 6, 1926, sponsored by the Davis Island Yacht Club, Tampa, Florida. View from the water looking at the judges and timer's stand. From left to right is the runabout racer MUROK, #FS-3, another racer, the dock packed with spectators with the timer's and the judge's stand and a huge timers clock on the 2nd level. On the far right is a partial view of the Coast Guard cutter, #CG 295. Typed on the neg. sleeve: "17831-F / TAMPA 1926 / Judges stand showing clock / [Box] 1442". CREDIT LINE: Mystic Seaport, Rosenfeld Collection.
Mystic Seaport Image ID m426333 Information regarding reproductions


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Displaying 1-1 of 1
from raddog wrote 6 years 43 weeks ago
I hope Snowshoe futhur embarasses this guy by refusing to settle. Baring inproperly maintained equipment or intentioanlly leaving trail hazards unmarked after they have been reported, the ski area should have legal immumity from these kinds of frivously lawsuits. NH passed an expanded immunity law a couple years back and the trial lawyers howling was hilarious. At least in NH the trial lawyer actually has to have some kind of provable case before he can bring suit. Too bad W.Va. lacks that common sense law.


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|« Ethiopia - Meles Zenawi attacks UN on Somalia
|Ethiopia - Presence of Ethiopian Troops Fuels Insurgency »
Meles Zenawi and Birtukan Mideksa will now face off for Person of The Year
Vote Person Of The Year Result
* Meles Zenawi: 36% (386)
* Birtukan Mideksa: 22% (235)
* Al Mariam: 16% (166)
* Mohamed Al-Amoudi: 9% (100)
* Haile Gebreselassie: 4% (41)
* Bulcha Demeksa: 3% (37)
* Abebech Gobena: 3% (36)
* Ethio Coffee Farmers: 3% (31)
* Meseret Defar: 3% (28)
Total Votes : 1060
More than 940 votes were casted to select the "Person of The Year Ethiopia" in the first round, and P.M. Meles Zenawi won with 26% of the votes. Prof. Al Mariam was second with 19% of the votes and Birukan Mideksa third with 17% of the votes. You can see full results here.
The top three from the first round are included in this final vote and we have added more names suggested by you, including the Ethiopian Coffee Farmers. So let the votes begin, thank you everyone for your participation and feedbacks.
The names are listed in alphabetical order by last names.
Profiles are included where available, most profile sources are from the Free encyclopedia, wikipedia.
Look for the POLL in the Right Side Bar ---->
This poll is not scientific
Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi
Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Ali Al Amoudi (Ge'ez: ሞሓመድ አልአሙዲ, Arabic: محمد حسين العمودي; born 1946 in Dessie, Ethiopia but grew up in Weldiya).[1][2] is a Saudi Arabian /Ethiopian business magnate who lives in Ethiopia and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In 2006 his net worth was estimated as between $2.5 and $6.9 billion, causing Arabian Business to rank him as the world's 8th richest Arab, and Forbes to rank him as the world's 77th richest person.[3] Al Amoudi's father is Yemeni and his mother is Ethiopian. He immigrated to Saudi Arabia in 1965 and became a Saudi citizen. Depending on disparate ethnic categorizations, and Al Amoudi's mixed Ethiopian and Yemeni parentage, he is considered to be the richest black person in the world[4] and/or one of the richest Arab.[5]
Al Amoudi made his fortune in construction and real estate before branching out to buy oil refineries in Sweden and Morocco. He is said to be the largest foreign investor in both Sweden and Ethiopia. He holds an Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy from the Addis Ababa University and has been honoured with the Swedish Royal Order of the Polar Star by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Source: Wikipedia
Meseret Defar
Meseret Defar (born November 19, 1983 in Addis Ababa) is a female athlete from Ethiopia.
Defar is currently the world's top-ranked female athlete in IAAF standings.[1]
She won gold in the women's 5000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with a time of 14:45.65.
She won a silver medal at the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki, losing only to Tirunesh Dibaba.
In 2006 she won the World Indoor Championships over 3000 metres, defending her title from the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Source: Wikipedia
Bulcha Demeksa
Bulcha Demeksa is Chairman of The Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement parity and a member of Parliament.
Ethiopian Coffee Farmers
In a public show of solidarity, coffee farmers from around Ethiopia traveled to their capital city this December to demand that Starbucks recognize their country's ownership of its coffee names.
Haile Gebrselassie
Haile Gebrselassie (Ge'ez: ኃይሌ ገብረ ሥላሴ, haylē gebre silassē; born April 18, 1973) is an Ethiopian long distance track and road running athlete. Known for his remarkable versatility, Gebrselassie achieved major competition wins at distances between 1500 metres and marathon, moving from outdoor, indoor and cross country running to road running in the latter part of his career. He has broken 25 world records and won numerous Olympic and World Championship titles, and is widely considered one of the greatest distance runners in history.
Source: Wikipedia
W/ro Abebech Gobena
W/ro Abebech Gobena a prominent humanitarian lady was born in 1938 in the then Shoa province, Selale Awraja in small rural village called Shebel. Her father was killed during Ethio - Italian war and she was brought up by her grandparent until nine. She was married at the age of ten in traditional marriage system without her consent which mad her unhappy with the marriage. She left to Addis Ababa where she scraped basic education and latter gained a job as quality controller in a company.
Eventually she remarried and was living a fairly typical life. In 1980, she went to Gishen Mariam (The Holy Church in Wollo) for pilgrimage where the area was stricken by drought which caused catastrophic famine. The situation in the area, especially a scenario of a baby girl sucking her dead mother's breast, shocked Abebech and made her to engage in life time benevolent humanitarian tasks.
W/ro Abebech Gobena, despite her remarkable achievements in the last two & half decades, believes that a lot has to be done on poverty reduction and she is ready to devote all her energy and time for the expansion of the present organization, so that it could be able to serve the orphans, needy children and marginalized segments of the population. SERVING THE COMMUNITY is her life philosophy and because of her devotion and determination to care for others some call her Africa's Mother Teresa
Source: abebechgobena.org
Professor Al Mariam
Al Mariam is a professor in the department of political science at California State University, San Bernardino. He earned his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Minnesota in 1984, and J.D. from the University of Maryland in 1988. His teaching areas include American constitutional and civil rights law, American legislative and judicial process and international law. Al has published two books on American constitutional law: American Constitutional Law: An Introduction to Powers and Structures (Vol. I), Ginn Press (1994), and American Constitutional Law: An Introduction to Civil Liberties and Civil Rights , Simon & Schuster (1999). Al has practiced in the areas of criminal defense, general civil litigation and immigration defense in asylum and deportation proceedings. He is admitted to practice before the California Supreme Court, District of Columbia Court of Appeal, United States Supreme Court, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, United States District Court for the Central District of California, United States District Court for the Southern District of California, United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and United States District Court for the Eastern District of California.
In 1997, Al argued People v. Peevy (1998) 17 Cal.4th 1184, 953 P2d 1212 (Cal.), cert. denied 525 U.S. 1042, in the California Supreme Court.
Source: hrusa.org
Birtukan Mideksa
First Vice Chair, Coalition for Democracy and Unity Party, Ethiopia and judge.
Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
Meles Zenawi (Ge'ez መለስ ዜናዊ meles zēnāwī, b. May 8, 1955, Adwa) is an Ethiopian politician, and the Prime Minister of the country since August, 1995.
Meles Zenawi was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to a Tigrayan father and Eritrean mother from Adi Quala.[1] He received elementary education at the Queen of Sheba School and completed secondary school in 1972 at the General Wingate School in Addis Ababa. He joined the Medical Faculty at the Addis Ababa University (formerly known as Haile Selassie University) where he studied for two years before interrupting his studies in 1974 to join the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front (TPLF).
Prime Minister Meles acquired an MBA (Master of Business Administration) from the Open University of the United Kingdom in 1995 and a MSc. (Masters of Science) in Economics from the Erasmus University of the Netherlands in 2004.[148] Some University professors and renowned college administrators stated that Meles Zenawi was a very smart and gifted student. At a public Speech in George Washington University, vice chancellor of Open University said, "President Meles Zenawi was a brilliant student who achieved distinctions on every course he took."
Source: Wikipedia
meles is the best
Meles is the least appreciated of all. Meles hands down!!!
it is between meseret defar, meles zenawi and bulcha demeksa.
meseret is the ethiopian icon, brave, successful and patriotic.
meles zenawi, ethiopia is today one of biggest economy in africa. ethiopia has the fastest non-oil economy in africa. also ethiopia had its first competitive elections under his leadership. meles has done some mistakes but when people have power they have both mistakes and successses.
bulcha demeksa is face of peaceful struggle for ethiopia. if he wasn't a national hero for democracy, more violence would have destroyed east africa. he is the champion of democracy in east africa.
I CHOOSE 40% Bulcha Demeksa
35% Meles Zenawi
25% Meseret defar
meles deserves to win.
I want to vote for PM Meles Zenawi who is working hard to bring democracy, tolerance,economic growth, good governace in Ethiopia. PM Meles administration has positively changed the Ethiopia's image from what it had been during Derg regime. Now, Ethiopia is known in the world for its good things like Ethiopia's Economy is the 9th largest Economy in africa(source world bank) and registered a growth of 10% everyear. At present, Ethiopia is known as strong and powerful country in Africa politically, military, and economically morethan ever before. We have strong military who participated in peacekeeping mission in Burundi,Kongo, Somalia, and very soon in Sudan.
my guess is that the reason Berhanu is not here is because the poll administrators want to combine his and Birtukan's votes and give them a bigger chance at winning. so you should actually be happy.
Melse is the best ethiopian, we africans are proud to have him, as a leader of Ethiopia-he is the greatest we need to be proud of him as black africans
No ethiopian can stand next toMeles of Ethiopia, he is just the best ethiopian politician, opposotion need to sort out their position.
My hero Meles deserves to be named person of the year.
tamage beyene
Meles shouldn't be included. If we are electing Murderer's then takeout the rest and put Mengistu, Legesse Asfaw, Shaleka Melaku…
Then we can choose who is the most murderer among the listed.
Kiros( Wedi-Mekelle)
coment from Zina.
Dull people of that backward canibal country always think about people. There will be no time for working, but excess for humilating and discussing non-sense.
i choose bulcha demeksa because he is peaceful and most democratic person. he is the Gandi of ethiopia.
bulcha demeksa is going to GROUND ZERO in the woyane parliament fighting against africa's hilter meles zenawi everyday.
Bulcha is the hero of all ethiopians without any difference.
Bulcha Demeksa for Prime Minister of Ethiopia!!!!!!!
«_ethiopian airlines_» adoption agriculture airline airlines athletics aviation business caf china «commodity exchange» crime diaspora drought dv economy ecx energy eritrea «ethiopian airlines» famine fashion football health hydroelectric ict immigration investment islam manufacturing media «meles zenawi» migration mobile muslim nile olympics politics power press rail railway religion soccer sport style telecom train visa wikileaks


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Director set for Gravity Films' biopic of Julie Krone
Gravity Films has attached Katherine Brooks ("Waking Madison") to direct "Freak," based on the life of jockey Julie Krone.
Brooks will helm from her script, inspired by "Riding for My Life," Krone's autobiography. Krone was the first woman to win a Triple Crown race (Belmont Stakes, 1993) and the first female jockey inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
Brooks and Gravity Films' principal Sophie Watts will produce, and John Manulis will exec produce. Shooting will start in April in New York and Michigan.
Brooks' directing credits include the feature "Loving Annabelle" and TV series "The Osbournes."


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By Alex Duong, KF9, Vietnam
"That's my philosophy. The key is to get up in that batter's box and take a swing. And all you have to do is hit one single, a couple of doubles, and an occasional home run out of every 10 at-bats, and you're going to be the best hitter or the best business leader around. You can't play in the major leagues without having a lot of failures.
- John Donahoe, eBay CEO
Substitute "hitter" and "business leader" for microfinance institution and the quote is absolutely relevant. ...Continue Reading >>


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At StudioN6 photography we specialize in "people pictures" such as wedding photography, portrait photography, senior portraits, family pictures and events. Whether your needs are for portraits, wedding, event coverage, headshots, sports or commercial photography. StudioN6 will create illustrative, lifestyle portraits that will express the individuals personality, interests and character.
We work with each client personally and are interested in taking the pictures that you want, not what we think you need. We believe professional photography can and should be fun and interactive. Feel free to bring images to show us giving an idea of the look and feel of the portraits you are after. We encourage clients to bring personal items such as a letter jacket or favorite guitar to your senior portraits or even your Harley to your engagement shoot to help you feel more yourself during your session. Your photography can be done in your home, office, outdoors or another location that is special to you.