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From the Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick.
To determine the incidence and outcome of cirrhosis encountered unexpectedly during gastric bariatric operations.
A cohort study.
A tertiary care center.
One hundred twenty-five patients in whom cirrhosis was discovered during gastric bariatric operations. Cirrhosis may have been caused by severe obesity in 93 (74%) of the patients.
A questionnaire survey of bariatric surgeons worldwide, including one of us (R.E.B.).
One hundred twenty-six (52%) of the 243 surgeons responded to the survey. Planned bariatric operations were performed in 91 (73%) of the cases. Seventeen (14%) of the remaining cases were closed after the discovery of cirrhosis. There were no intraoperative deaths. However, the perioperative mortality rate was 4% and there were 7 late deaths, 6 due to complications of liver disease. Eleven other patients are described as alive with progressive hepatic dysfunction. The remaining 50 patients are "alive and well." The survey also included opinion questions. Regarding the appropriate operation to perform after discovering cirrhosis, 40% replied "perform liver biopsy only and close"; the remaining 60% would perform a bariatric procedure. Regarding bariatric operations that can be safely performed in patients with cirrhosis, 59% would perform banded gastroplasty, 39% would perform standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 5% would perform biliopancreatic bypass, and 27% would perform none of the above.
Although operative mortality is higher in cirrhotic vs other bariatric patients, most surveyed surgeons believe that gastric restrictive operations can be performed safely in this group of patients.
IN THE 1960s and 1970s, a liver biopsy was routinely performed in conjunction with jejunoileal bypass operations performed for the treatment of morbid obesity. The histologic incidence of fatty liver in those patients ranged from 60% to 90%.1- 3 In the same reports, a few patients were found to have more advanced stages of liver disease characterized by infiltration with inflammatory cells, Mallory bodies, centrolobular necrosis, and fibrosis. These reports provide the first evidence of the possible association between severe obesity and cirrhosis.
During the past 14 years, one of us (R.E.B) unexpectedly discovered cirrhosis in 8 patients during elective operations performed for the treatment of morbid obesity. The planned bariatric procedure was performed in each case. After one of those patients died of complications resulting from hepatic failure, the medical literature was reviewed in an attempt to learn whether other surgeons had encountered similar problems after performing elective bariatric operations in patients with cirrhosis. Remarkably, there is no information in the literature on the outcome of gastric bariatric operations in this group of patients.
This article has 2 goals. The first goal is to present the results of a questionnaire that was mailed to 243 bariatric surgeons worldwide to determine the course of patients in whom cirrhosis was unexpectedly discovered during elective bariatric operations. The second goal is to present a more detailed description of the experience that one of us (R.E.B.) had with 8 such patients.
A questionnaire regarding the frequency of discovering cirrhosis during elective bariatric operations was mailed to 243 surgeons worldwide. The primary goals of this survey were to determine the frequency of discovering cirrhosis unexpectedly during elective bariatric operations and to learn how these cases were managed by the surgeon. We also wanted to learn how the presence of cirrhosis influenced the short- and long-term outcome in this group of patients.
The questionnaire also included 3 opinion questions that were answered by 105 (83%) of the 126 respondents. Surgeons were asked which bariatric operations are appropriate to perform after unexpectedly discovering cirrhosis and which procedures could be safely performed in patients with known cirrhosis and in patients in whom cirrhosis was unexpectedly discovered.
One of us (R.E.B.) has performed 580 operations for the treatment of morbid obesity during the past 14 years. Gross evidence of micronodular cirrhosis was discovered unexpectedly during 8 (1.4%) of those procedures. None of these patients had clinical manifestations of liver disease prior to the operation. The preoperative results from ultrasonography of the gallbladder did not suggest cirrhosis in any patient. Histologic evaluation of core biopsy specimens confirmed the clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis in each case. Each patient was then queried in detail regarding alcohol and other drug use, exposure to hepatitis, and other potential causes of progressive liver disease. Serologic testing for hepatitis was also performed. The demographic features of these 8 patients are given in Table1. Five patients were superobese (body mass index [obtained by dividing the weight, given in kilograms, by the height, given in meters, squared] >50). Five of the 8 patients had diabetes, whereas 3 had increased serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, or both preoperatively. Four patients had an elevation of 1 or more serum liver enzymes prior to the operation.
One hundred twenty-six (52%) of the 243 surgeons, including one of us (R.E.B.), responded to the survey. The 126 respondents had collectively performed 86500 bariatric operations (mean, 686 cases per surgeon). Forty-nine (39%) of the respondents had unexpectedly encountered 125 cases of cirrhosis. The incidence of unexpected discovery of cirrhosis varied from 0% to 2% of the cases among individual surgeons. The overall incidence was 0.14%. The cause of cirrhosis was eventually determined in 32 of these 125 cases. The remaining 93 (74%) of the cases may have been caused by severe obesity.
A liver biopsy was performed in 109 (87%) of the 125 patients after cirrhosis was discovered. The planned bariatric procedure was subsequently performed in 91 (73%) of the patients, not attempted in 17 (14%) of the patients, and aborted at some point in another 8 (6%) of the patients. Nine surgeons did not provide a response to this question. Planned ancillary procedures, such as cholecystectomy or repair of abdominal wall hernias, were performed in 42 (34%) of the patients.
There were no intraoperative deaths. There were 4 deaths in the perioperative period (within the first 30 days), including one patient whose operation was aborted because of "technical difficulties." Two perioperative deaths were caused by overwhelming sepsis, and 2 resulted from fulminant hepatic failure. One of the 2 cases of early hepatic failure was caused by severe metabolic derangements as a consequence of an ascitic fluid leak. There were no major complications in the 17 patients in whom the planned procedure was not performed after discovering cirrhosis. Six of the 7 late deaths resulted from liver failure. The remaining patient died of myocardial infarction. The abuse of alcohol and other drugs was cited as the cause of late hepatic failure in 3 patients. Among the patients available for follow-up, 11 (15%) are alive with progressing liver disease, whereas the remaining 50 (70%) are described as "alive and well."
The 2 opinion questions regarding the safety of performing various bariatric operations in patients with cirrhosis were answered by 85% of the respondents. Fifty-nine percent would perform a banded gastroplasty, whereas 40% would perform a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Only 5% of the surgeons would perform a biliopancreatic bypass. However, almost 30% would perform none of the above, which assumes that they would back out of a planned bariatric operation if cirrhosis was unexpectedly encountered. Identical responses were obtained to the question regarding which procedures are appropriate to perform when cirrhosis is unexpectedly discovered during an elective bariatric operation.
Table 2 provides the outcome of operations that were performed in the 8 patients treated by one of us (R.E.B.). Seven of the 8 had a modification of RYGB. The remaining patient (patient 7), who had reversal of a jejunoileal bypass for metabolic complications, chose not to have a concomitant gastric restrictive procedure. Intraoperative blood loss was within the generally expected range in all but one patient (patient 4) who had conversion of a failed horizonal gastroplasty to RYGB. Five of the 8 cases of cirrhosis may have been caused by severe obesity.
There was one major perioperative complication that was fatal. An ascitic fluid leak developed in patient 4 through her midline incision on the sixth postoperative day. Bedside exploration of the wound under sterile conditions showed leakage of ascitic fluid around several sutures. However, the midline fascia was intact. Because the volume of drainage was 200 mL/d or less, her ascites was treated with diuretics on an outpatient basis under the direct supervision of her mother who is a registered nurse. However, she was readmitted in a stuporous state approximately 1 week after discharge from the hospital. Blood studies obtained at admission disclosed profound hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and notable deterioration of her liver function test results. She died of fulminant hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome on the 30th postoperative day.
The mean follow-up in the 7 remaining patients is 3.7 years (range, 10 months to 8 years). Two (patients 1 and 3) of these 7 patients had late postoperative complications. Both subsequently died of problems unrelated to their initial complications. Patient 1 was described as a reformed alcoholic at the time of the RYGB. At 3 months postoperatively, he had a left transmetatarsal amputation for complications related to diabetes. Unfortunately, he resumed drinking approximately 2 years postoperatively and died of congestive heart failure 4 years later. Bleeding from a marginal ulcer developed in patient 3 approximately 6 weeks postoperatively. He was hospitalized but did not require transfusion. Fulminant hepatic failure developed in this patient 9 months later. At that time, he had a weight loss of almost 90 kg and had returned to his full-time job as a city bus driver.
Although it has been recognized for many years that obesity and glucose intolerance contribute to fatty liver, the clinicopathologic disorder named nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has only been well characterized in the last few years.5- 7 Although it is similar histologically to liver disease that complicates jejunoileal bypass, the precise mechanism of hepatic injury remains unknown. The histologic features range from fatty liver to steatohepatitis with hepatocellular degeneration, Mallory bodies, and neutrophilic infiltration to central sclerosis and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although elevated liver function test results are relatively common in obese patients, there is a surprisingly poor correlation between serum liver function test abnormalities and hepatic histopathologic features in obese patients.8
In reporting the results of a 5-year MEDLARS survey that determined the nature and incidence of hepatic histopathologic features in morbidly obese patients, Andersen and Gluud9 concluded that some abnormality in hepatic histopathologic features "can be expected" in morbidly obese patients but cirrhosis "is a rare finding, and evidence of obesity as the only pathogenetic factor is lacking." More recently, other investigators have presented convincing evidence of the progression of hepatic histopathologic features over time in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.10,11 Although the long-term prognosis of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is largely unknown, survival probability is notably greater than in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis.10
Table 3 summarizes data from several reports of liver biopsies that were performed during gastric bariatric operations. Several investigators have reported correlations between progression of hepatic histopathologic features and various demographic and clinical variables. Gianetta et al12 and Klain et al13 independently reported a positive correlation between the degree of steatosis and increased age, magnitude of obesity, and duration of obesity. Silverman et al14 and Marceau et al15 independently reported a significant correlation between progression of hepatic histopathologic features and impaired glycemic status. In the series by Marceau et al, the degree of steatosis was more severe in men and correlated with waist-hip ratio in both sexes. In women, the magnitude of steatosis correlated with age and excess weight. The degree of steatosis also correlated with increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. However, there was no correlation between regression of steatosis and amount of weight loss.
The 11 patients with cirrhosis in the series by Marceau et al15 were significantly older and heavier and had worse liver function test results than the remaining 540 patients. One of the 11 patients with cirrhosis died of pancreatitis during the perioperative period. Another patient had reversal of the biliopancreatic bypass (BPB) due to deteriorating liver function at 3 years postoperatively and died of liver failure 4 years later. The remaining 9 patients are alive and apparently well, with a mean follow-up of 3 years. Liver function test results in these patients are generally improved. The 7 severely obese patients with cirrhosis in the present report were also older and heavier than the remaining 573 patients in the series of patients seen by one of us (R.E.B.). The incidence of diabetes (71%) in the group with cirrhosis was more than 5 times higher than that of the remaining patients.
Table 4 summarizes the results of postoperative liver biopsies performed in 3 large series of bariatric surgical patients. In the series by Gianetta et al,12 liver biopsies were routinely performed at 1 and 4 months postoperatively, then annually thereafter. Although a transitory increase in steatosis was noted during the first 4 months, fatty infiltration gradually disappeared during the ensuing 12 to 18 months following operation. A second liver biopsy was performed during subsequent abdominal operations in 15% of the patients described by Silverman et al.16 The degree of steatosis in subsequent biopsy specimens varied inversely with the length of time after RYGB. Perisinusoidal fibrosis was notably reduced in second biopsy specimens, with complete resolution of fibrosis noted in 88% of the cases that were graded as slight and one third of the cases graded as marked in the initial biopsy specimen. A second liver biopsy was performed in 41 (7.4%) of the 551 patients studied by Marceau et al.15 Histologic features from the second liver biopsy specimen showed improvement in the degree of steatosis in all but 1 patient, with resolution of steatosis in 23 (56%) of the second biopsy specimens. A second liver biopsy was performed in 3 of the 11 patients with cirrhosis; the biopsy specimen showed improvement in steatosis and fibrosis in each case. Remarkably, fibrosis had disappeared completely in one patient. This degree of improvement in hepatic histopathologic features seems particularly remarkable when considering that weight loss associated with BPB results primarily from malabsorption rather than restriction of oral intake. However, the distribution of fibrosis can be patchy in the liver. Hence, it is possible that the improvement or resolution of fibrosis noted in these postoperative specimens resulted from the sampling error inherent in the evaluation of a tiny fraction of a large solid organ.
The questionnaire, which was mailed to 243 surgeons, was designed to provide specific information regarding the incidence and outcome of cirrhosis in bariatric surgical patients. The response rate of 52% should provide information that is representative of typical practicing bariatric surgeons. The mean of almost 700 cases per surgeon attests to the experience of this group. There were no apparent demographic differences between the surgeons who responded to the survey and the nonresponders. Questions regarding incidence, cause, and perioperative mortality in these patients were answered by all respondents. Questions regarding the type of operation performed and the opinion questions were answered by approximately 85% of the participants. However, a substantial number of surgeons who had not recognized cirrhosis in their practice answered the opinion questions. More than half of this subgroup did not recommend performing the planned bariatric operation on discovering cirrhosis. Conversely, questions regarding long-term outcome were answered by only approximately half of the respondents, suggesting that a substantial number of these patients may have been unavailable for follow-up.
It is surprising that less than half of the respondents unexpectedly discovered cirrhosis during elective bariatric operations. However, considerable discrepancy in the incidence of fibrosis and cirrhosis reported in several large series of bariatric patients has been shown (Table 3). It is also surprising that a liver biopsy was not performed in 13% of the 125 patients with cirrhosis described in the survey. Although purely restrictive operations are not expected to result in the progression of liver pathologic features, it would seem prudent to confirm a serious unexpected finding such as cirrhosis during any elective operation. Less than 10% of the respondents used malabsorptive operations such as BPB as the primary treatment for morbid obesity. This factor likely contributed to the negative concensus opinion toward performing malabsorptive procedures in patients with cirrhosis. There was no indication that surgeons would change or "downgrade" from a malabsorptive to a purely restrictive operation in patients with cirrhosis. However, this specific question was not included in the survey. The fact that 70% of the survey patients were described as alive and well postoperatively is consistent with the relatively benign prognosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.10,11
Late hepatic failure was a primary reason for the abandonment of jejunoileal bypass as the treatment for severe obesity. In 1981, Hocking et al3 reported that hepatic histopathologic features progressed in 44% of the patients who underwent a follow-up liver biopsy between 1 and 5 years after jejunoileal bypass. New histologic findings of cirrhosis were noted in 30% of these patients.3 Although there was one death from hepatic failure in the series by Marceau et al15 and in the present series, it is unclear whether liver failure in either case was accelerated by the operation. The high rate of improvement in hepatic histopathologic features in the series by Gianetta et al12 and Marceau et al suggests that BPB is more beneficial than harmful to the liver in severely obese patients with steatohepatitis. There is no hard evidence that BPB or other "distal" modifications of gastric bypass have a deleterious effect on the liver.
Although there is virtually no published information on the outcome of bariatric operations in patients with cirrhosis, the risks associated with performing other major abdominal operations in patients with cirrhosis are considerably greater than the risks in patients with normal liver function. In several reports, operative mortality ranged from 8% to 67% in patients with cirrhosis undergoing unspecified major abdominal operations.17- 19 Several investigators have identified risk factors associated with cirrhosis that were predictive of perioperative death. These include poor general nutritional status, presence of ascites, elevated prothrombin time, and operative blood loss of 1000 mL or more.18- 20 These risk factors are applicable to elective bariatric operations. Patient 4 in the series by one of us (R.E.B.) who died 30 days postoperatively had 2 of these risk factors, including a small amount of ascites that was not apparent on physical examination and an operative blood loss of approximately 3000 mL. In retrospect, it would have been prudent to abort the planned RYGB in this patient once the ascites was recognized.
The questionnaire results and the experience of one of us (R.E.B.) strongly suggest that the early and late mortality rates of patients with cirrhosis who undergo elective bariatric operations are considerably greater than those of other bariatric surgical patients. This increased risk must be offset by the potential benefit of substantial weight loss in this group of patients. The available data show that steatosis and fibrosis can be ameliorated or resolved with surgically induced weight loss. Procedures such as BPB that produce malabsorption seem to be as effective in this regard as those that induce weight loss primarily by restriction of oral intake.
The incidence of unexpectedly discovering cirrhosis during bariatric operations is low, ranging from 0% to 6% in large clinical series. However, the operative mortality is 5 times higher in patients with cirrhosis vs bariatric patients who do not have cirrhosis. Despite the higher risk, most bariatric surgeons believe that gastric restrictive procedures can be safely performed in patients with cirrhosis. Conversely, only a few respondents would perform malabsorptive procedures in patients with cirrhosis. Although the question of whether severe obesity alone can cause cirrhosis remains controversial, there is accumulating evidence that the steatohepatitis associated with obesity may progress to cirrhosis in a few of these patients.
Reprints: Robert E. Brolin, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
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August 20, 2011
Eight CW age group swimmers attended the Junior National meet at Stanford University. This group consisted of Anna Demonte, Hanna Cowley, Morgan Zebley, Annie Tamblyn, David Boland, Josh Ehrman, Victor Zhang and Adam Whitener. For Hanna and Morgan it was their final meet representing CW before they move on to college. Hanna at the University of Louisville and Morgan at George Mason.
Three swimmers made finals in this meet. You can read about Anna Demonte's fantastic swims in a separate document on the web site. She did great. And David Boland made the C final of the 100 fly, finishing the final in 55.95 seconds, which was faster than his prelim time. David's time is the 79th fastest swim for 15-16 year old boys. This is a great accomplishment considering these records date back to 1965. Also making a final was Josh Ehrman. He qualifed for the B final of the 200 breast in 2:20.94. His time was only 0.15 seconds off the Olympic Trials cut. He was not able to improve his time in the evening. Josh's swim was the 50th best all-time for 15-16 year old boys.
Boland's time also placed him 10th in the country in 2011 for 16 year old boys. Josh's time placed him 6th in the country. Josh also swam a 4:35. 34 for the 400 IM which placed him 18th in the country. Anna Demonte's 200 back (see previous article) placed her 16th in the country for 16 year old girls. She also placed 14th in the 200 IM.
Josh and David also had great years in IMX competition with Josh finishing 9th and David 17th nationally for 16 year old boys.

subset: commoncrawl


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Even though Kate Hudson can't envision herself walking down the aisle anytime soon, her rocker boyfriend Matt Bellamy sure seems like a part of the family.
On Monday, the actress was honored at Elle's Women in Hollywood event at L.A.'s Four Seasons Hotel, and Bellamy was there and kissing her throughout the event. The two were virtually inseparable all night, holding hands and getting extremely cozy. He even rubbed her back and legs – and she kissed him on the cheek several times.
And while the Muse frontman has already met Hudson's parents, he seemed especially close with her mother, Goldie Hawn, even switching seats at one point so he could sit next to her. At one point, the two bowed their heads and chatted very intimately.
Hawn also offered a hilarious introduction before her daughter was honored, sharing stories from her childhood and revealing a juicy tidbit: When she was born, doctors initially thought the actress, 31, was a boy.
Hudson, meanwhile, was a social butterfly at the event, chatting with Gwyneth Paltrow and stylist Rachel Zoe, who drank sparkling water all night.
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own


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Amber Alerts on Facebook
Could Facebook be a new part of the emergency broadcast system?
Users of the social networking site can now sign up for their state's Amber alerts — bulletins sent out about child abductions — Facebook said Wednesday. The program is a joint effort between Facebook and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
The new system works like this: Each state has its own Facebook Amber Alert page, and users who become a fan will immediately get alerts in their news feed when there is a missing child in their area. (New York's page, for example, is http://www.facebook.com/amberalertNY.)
To publicize the new system, Facebook is donating 50 million advertising impressions, the company said.
The idea to link up social networking and the search for missing kids isn't a new one. MySpace had an Amber Alert app years ago. Several states already had pages where users could get alerts, and there are several accounts on Twitter related to the bulletins, and some have been credited with finding missing kids.
So what's different now? Well, for starters, the number of social-networking users has exploded over the past few years. Facebook has more than 500 million users, well more than 100 million in the U.S. And it's spreading to people who weren't as connected in the past — including an older generation of users.
The agreement is also part of a wider effort at Facebook. The company has recently been working with state and local agencies to help improve the creation of pages to distribute community information, as Josh Constine over at Inside Facebook points out.
The Facebook system is unlike the typical emergency broadcast in that users receive the notices only if they opt in. Other Amber alerts are distributed over radio and television, or on electronic traffic signs. Facebook wanted to make sure that the system was something that users wanted and believes that the message will be most effective if it is spread virally — by people posting on their wall, said Chris Sonderby, the lead security and investigations counsel for Facebook.
If the service successful, it could serve as a model for state and cities get information out in other emergencies.
Readers, what do you think? Is this something you'll sign up for, and do you think social networking is a valuable method of communicating in an emergency?


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Recently, 2 articles1,2 have been published in the Archives of Surgery that question the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Although a scientific dialogue is essential for the advancement of medical and surgical practice, the dialogue must be balanced and fundamentally sound. These recent publications1,2 fall short of this type of dialogue. Both studies contain various limitations and are contradictory to a preponderance of well-controlled clinical studies recently published in the peer-reviewed literature. Specifically, we would like to call your readers' attention to the following important facts.
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Indicate all relevant conflicts of interest of each author below, including all relevant financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including, but not limited to, employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speakers' bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. If all authors have none, check "No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests" in the box below. Please also indicate any funding received in support of this work. The information will be posted with your response.
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Five years ago, my dad's job offered him the opportunity to move abroad for work, which he and my mom happily accepted.
They rented out their home, packed up the dogs and were on their way to Frankfurt, Germany, for the experience of a lifetime.
After four years of living a new culture, traveling and meeting good friends, they found their way back to the states to settle in for good.
Article Photos
SARAH GREEN/Sun-Gazette Correspondent
Along with the wonderful mementos from their travels, they brought back wonderful stories and experiences, ones they will never forget.
While I was adjusting to my new life in the Big Apple, my parents were adjusting to their new life in "main-hattan" a name given to Frankfurt, which is situated along the Main River. My mom and I would swap stories about city life, often finding we were experiencing many of the same things.
I called her one day expressing frustration towards "New Yorkers" and the attitude that is so commonly associated with them, and she told me a story her neighbor, Ulla, had told her about German people. Ulla explained, "Germans are like coconuts, very hard on the outside, often times coming off as quite rude, but once you get past their shell, they are sweet and kind. They just need to be slowly chipped away at." She compared New Yorkers to Germans and I think of that often when I find myself in a situation where people are guarded or rude.
For this months recipe, I had envisioned a large salad highlighting beautiful produce, or perhaps an ice cream to indulge in during the summer heat, but I've decided instead to share a recipe that slowly helped me win over my neighbors, and chip away at their hard shells.
August marks the year anniversary of adopting my pup, Murphy.
He brings so much happiness to my life and I really could not imagine what life in the city would be like without him.
Before life with Murphy, my neighbors could not open and shut their doors fast enough, as if saying hello to someone in the hall might kill them.
Shortly after adopting Murphy I sent a letter to my immediate neighbors introducing this new ball of love and providing my phone number and email should he bark or bug anyone while I was away at work.
As we roamed the halls each day heading out for walks, he did what he does best and quickly won the hearts of the tenants in my building, making introductions I could never manage before.
He has become a bit of a fixture around the neighborhood, high stepping around each corner as if he owns the block.
These hard coconuts that I struggled to squeeze a hello out of, have begun reaching out to hang with Murphy during the long days that I am at work and have slowly begun to show their sweet side.
My neighbor above me took a particular interest in Murphy, after just loosing her pet; he offered her a nice sense of comfort.
After we got to talking, I found out that she was from Latvia, and our conversation quickly shifted to the cuisine of that region.
While my parents were abroad, I had traveled there briefly and found it difficult to find much that was gluten free.
We discussed her favorite dishes and how hard it can be to find authentic versions in the city and bonded over a shared love for food. As a thank you for her watching Murphy I tried to tackle Latvian food, trying my best to re-create her favorites.
When I made a dish called Debesmanna her face lit up and she and her husband returned the large container the next day, having finished it all in one night.
Amazed, I set out to make a gluten-free version and see what the hype was about.
A pudding-like dessert that is whipped to a light consistency and mixed with a slightly sweet, tart juice of your choice, hits all the right notes and makes for a nice treat whether eaten hot or cold.
Serve it with a drizzle of milk or cream and enjoy!
Debesmanna (Latvian Mousse)
Yields: 6 servings
(adapted from Saveur Magazine)
3 cups unsweetened tart cherry juice
1/2 cup sugar
1/2 cup cream of rice
Milk for serving (optional)
In a medium saucepan bring the juice and sugar to a boil over medium-high heat.
Whisk in the cream of rice then reduce the heat to medium-low, and cook, whisking constantly, until thickened, 5 minutes.
Transfer to the hot mixture to a bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a whisk, and whip on medium-high until it thickens and doubles in volume, about 12-15 minutes.
Serve the pudding mousse hot or chilled in bowls with a touch of milk or cream poured over top, if desired.
Green was first diagnosed with gluten intolerances as a teenager. Soon after, she developed a blog to share her struggles and successes of adapting to a gluten-free life. Over the years, her passion for wellness has turned into a profession. A 2012 graduate of The Culinary Institute of America in New York, she is continually networking with other gluten-free experts and expanding her knowledge. Her goal is to make gluten free an option for everyone, not just those in need. Green may be reached at email@example.com. Her column is published on the second Wednesday of each month.


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1960s Keith Richards Autograph Letter Also Signed by Mick Jagger
Starting Bid - $400.00, Sold For - $1,160.00
The Rolling Stones' Keith Richards and Mick Jagger don't sound anything like the parent-frightening monsters they were famous for being when they wrote this response to an invitation by a fan in the 1960s. The one-page letter, handwritten by Keith Richards, and also signed by Mick Jagger, is written in blue ballpoint pen on Grand Hotel of Torquay, England, stationery (6.5 x 8 inches): "Dear Mary, Thanks very much for the letter and the invitation. Maybe next time we're down that way. Must go, Love, Keith" ("9"). The letter is also signed at the bottom by "Mick Jagger" ("8"). Though obviously written quickly, the writing is perfectly legible and the signatures are large and clear. The page exhibits some light staining and wrinkling, and has one horizontal and one vertical fold that are just beginning to separate at the edges. These imperfections, however, do not detract from the overall appearance and integrity of the piece. In the 1960s, especially in the very early days, the Stones would occasionally find time to personally respond to fans. This is a very rare, early example, personally written by Keith Richards, and signed by both leaders of the legendary Rolling Stones. Good Condition. LOA from James Spence, Steve Grad & John Reznikoff/PSA DNA. Reserve $400. Estimate $800/$1,200. SOLD FOR $1,160.00
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Charleston County's recycling and solid waste programs stand at a crossroads, and their future will involve new processing systems and technology to improve efficiency, decrease the amount of garbage sent to landfills and be more environmentally sound.
Solid waste experts agree that new, green technology for processing garbage and recycling looks promising and is evolving rapidly. But they also agree that the challenge lies in putting those technologies to use on a large scale.
Before 2009, Charleston County burned most of its garbage in an incinerator in North Charleston and dumped the rest in the Bees Ferry Landfill. After the county closed the incinerator, it set a goal to increase recycling from 10 to 40 percent of the stream of solid waste. It also launched a single-stream recycling program, which allows residents to mix all of their recyclables in one large bin instead of separating them.
Most experts say single-stream recycling is the first step in any environmentally and financially sound solid waste program.
The county is poised to build a new recycling center in the next 18 months. It plans to build a facility that can handle the increased materials brought in by the single-stream program, as well as accommodate emerging technologies as they become viable.
Some technologies the county and the company that operates its recycling program are considering include:
sorting garbage to pull out discarded recyclables.
anaerobic digestion, which converts organic waste such as food to methane, then to energy.
making pellets from some of its garbage, which could be burned in coal plants.
The county isn't currently considering other new technologies, which consist largely of systems that convert waste to energy.
Chaz Miller, director of policy and advocacy for the National Waste and Recycling Association, said, "Many technologies are being explored, but getting them out of the laboratory to a commercial scale is tough. It's the large scale that's the problem."
Bleeding edge of technology
County Council last week voted to offer a 10-year contract to Sonoco Recycling to run the county's recycling operations.
Company president Ray Howard said he thinks the recycling operations likely should grow in phases. First the county should get the single-stream program running efficiently, he said. Then, it could expand to sort trash.
Pulling recyclables out of trash is a cutting-edge step, he said. There currently is only one facility in the country doing that. It's located in San Jose, Calif.
Howard also said he would consider using anaerobic digestion with some of the remaining garbage, a process he thinks is viable.
He's open to new technologies, he said. But he always asks those promoting them if they have been successful on a commercial scale. "You don't want to take public money and put it on the bleeding edge of technology," he said.
Repower South
A new company called Repower South has approached the county about a technology it developed to make pellets from a portion of the waste stream that can be burned in coal plants. Company leaders said they would pay for the county's new recycling facility, and run it, if the county would agree to letting them produce the pellets.
Several council members objected to the plan because the technology hasn't been used on a large scale.
Jim Bohlig, the company's chief development officer, said he developed the pellet technology after working in the solid waste field for more than 30 years. SCANA has agreed to purchase the pellets.
Bohlig said he would work with the county on its single-stream program if the county wanted to continue that effort. But single-stream recycling isn't efficient to collect, he said, because cities and counties have to run separate garbage and recycling trucks. And it's difficult to get more than 60 percent of people to recycle, he said.
He thinks it's more efficient if people are allowed to simply throw away all of their trash, like in the days before recycling. The trash then can be sorted at a facility and the "high-value" recyclables can be pulled out, he said. Then, the company can make pellets out of a portion of what's left.
Pellet-making technology has been around for more than two decades, he said. Although his company hasn't made the pellets on a large scale before, he's certain it can work. "We've done the various pieces," he said. "We just haven't put it all in one place under one 20-year contract."
Reach Diane Knich at 843-937-5491 or on Twitter at @dianeknich.


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Rent The Center for Your Next Event
The Community Center has 4 various sized rooms and a commercial kitchen that is available for parties, meetings, seminars, weddings, receptions, memorials or most any occasion... we can accommodate you and your group.
To contact our Facility Coordinator, Joyce Harris at (530)417-1821 or to check availability, confirm prices and make your reservations. She will be happy to assist you to make your event a success!
Summer Newsletter
Check out our summer newsletter to keep informed on our activities.
Receive your Newsletter by Email
If you would like to receive your newsletter by email, contact Judy Coupar
Wanted: Volunteers
The PPCCCA is growing by leaps and bounds and is ALWAYS looking for great volunteers to help out for all the dinners, events, and activities. We are looking for volunteers for:
Office Help
See's Candy Sales
and other events
If you are interested, please call 647-8005 or stop by the Center.
Champagne Bubbles and Dangerous Dames
Mark your calendars for October 1st make your reservations to solve the murder mystery Kathy Drew Interactive Entertainment. Cost is $40 per guest or $45 after September 23rd. Doors open at 4:30 PM with No-host Cocktails and Appetizers. Dinner is served at 6:00 PM. Note: This is an adult event for those over 21 only.
Flyers are available here.
Taco Friday Fiesta April to October
Add these dates to your calendar and use this flyer as a discount coupon for a great feast.
Community Holiday Dinners
Make plans to attend our 24th annual Thanksgiving dinner November 24th from 1-4pm. Print your Thanksgiving flyer here and spread the word.
Our annual Christmas dinner will be served from 2-5PM on Saturday December 17th with Santa arriving about 3:30 (depending on weather conditions). Donations to either of these holiday meals can be dropped off at the Community Center 2675 Sanders Drive in Pollock Pines. Print your Christmas flyer here and spread the word.
Free Dinner Bingo
Join us for Free Dinner with Buy-in on the 2nd Tuesday each month. More details available on the Bingo page.
Senior Nutrition Program
The El Dorado County Senior Nutrition Program is now using the Community Center as its location for lunch services in Pollock Pines. Lunch is served from 12-12:30 Monday through Friday. Suggested donation is $3.00 for adults 60 years or older. People under 60 and even children are welcome to come to the luncheons. The requested donation is $5 per person.
Check this page for menu details. To download the menu information you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available at:
Senior Assistance Program for Vegetation Removal
For citizens in the county over 65 who are disabled, consider this program for establishing a defensible space around your property.
Update: This program is now available for 2016. Check out the Senior Assistance Flyer and if you qualify, fill out this application.
Pollock Pines Fire Safe Council
The Sand fire came close, not close enough to harm us….BUT close enough for us to be reminded that in Pollock Pines it is NOT a question of IF a fire will happen in our community but rather WHEN it happens……..WILL YOU BE PREPARED?
A fire can start anywhere in our community and for any reason, some set on purpose, by accident and a by force of nature. In Pollock Pines we have the American River canyon that poses a very large threat to our community if a fire were to start. The potential winds that could come up through the canyon with a fire could possibly reach Pony Express within hours.
A month before the Sand Fire, a group of Pollock Pines residence started the process of forming the Pollock Pines/Camino Fire Safe Council. As of July 26 there is now a board as an associate council through the El Dorado County Fire Safe Council. Prepare with this Pre-Evacuation Checklist.
The new council will be meeting the 3rd Wednesday of each month, currently at the PP Community Center on Sanders Dr., 7-9pm.
Our mission statement is Public Safety from Wildland Fire through Evacuation, Education and Defensible Space.
If you are not able to attend the monthly meetings, and want to be kept informed of what the council is doing, PLEASE EMAIL that you would like to be on the email distribution list.
We need to come together as a community, be prepared before disaster strikes and when disaster strikes, the community is able to handle it! More information is available on our webpage or on facebook.
The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program is a nationwide program that educates people about disaster preparedness for hazards that may effect their area. CERT training includes basic disaster response skills such as fire safety, light search and urban rescue, team organization and disaster medical operations.
During a major disaster local authorities may be overwhelmed. CERT members are trained to assist others in their neighborhood or workplace when professional responders are not immediately available to help. Their skills can help save and sustain lives until help arrives.
CERT can also assist with non-emergency community events. CERT members have been used to distribute disaster education material, provide standby medical aid and direct traffic at parades, community cleanup and other events.
In El Dorado County CERT training is coordinated through the Sheriff's Office of Emergency Services (OES). For more information contact Deputy Jordan Thomson (530) 621-7660, .
Pollock Pines CERT was formed in Oct. 2006. Our meetings are held at the Pollock Pines Camino Community Center the third Saturday of the month at 9:00 am. Visitors are welcome. Contact Bob Todd at for more information.
Interact Community Breakfast
Our monthly community breakfasts have ended for the school year. They will resume in September.
Sierra Ridge School and the Pollock Pines-Camino Rotary Club offer a service club to the 7th and 8th grade students. Interact is Rotary International's service club for young people ages 12-18.
Interact clubs are sponsored by individual Rotary clubs, which provide support and guidance. Interact provides the opportunity to make new friends, improve our community, develop leadership skills and make a difference in the world. At the same time the students are having fun and receiving recognition for their service.
Interact clubs are self-governing making it possible to choose and carry out service projects that students care about. Some projects for this club include the monthly Community Breakfast (the second Saturday's from September to May), making Water Purifying Indicators for use in third world areas, doing a project that benefits the school such as cleaning up the cross country track and donating 10 refurbished bikes to children at Pinewood School.
The Community Breakfasts are the the club's major fundraisers. The breakfast sales usually pay the expenses and the donations received allow the club the do community and world projects. Last year the club donated $55.00 to the Rotary PolioPlus project to eradicate Polio, and they donated $150 to the S/R Athletics Department for new basketballs and volleyballs and donated $300.00 to the Music Department that will be used in 2014-2015 for new music. (Over 50% of the school participates in the music programs.)
They provided service to the school to help monitor the Cross County Meet in the fall as well as helping with Benefit dinners and many other service projects.
With more than 250,000 Interactors in over 120 countries and geographical areas, Interact is a worldwide phenomenon that began in 1960.
Interact has been active at Sierra Ridge for the past four years and has received awards in 2011 from Rotary District 5190 being designated the "Rising Star Club", in 2012 for International Service with the making of the Water Purifying Indicators and in 2013 for Fundraising. The club has brought in special speakers to Sierra Ridge School and to the club to enrich the Interact experience.
Exercise Classes
Check out our website at: http://sierrablueskyfitness.com


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Penn State's head football coach said he did not receive any NFL job offers, but did have conversations with teams.
At a Monday morning news conference, Bill O'Brien said Penn State is the best place for him next season.
O'Brien also said he was not given a large monetary gift from an alumnus.
The head coach said he did not ask for a raise nor does he expect to receive one.
O'Brien said he is talking with the administration about improvements to the team's weight room, more classroom support for players as well as adjusting how the program is marketed.


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"R.I.P. My little Valentine," Von D Tweeted, along with a photo of her hairless cat taken before the tragedy. The message was met with an outpouring of support from followers.
Von D broke the news of the heartbreaking fire early Monday morning, telling the Twitter world, "My house burned down last night with my cat inside."
She later posted a photo of herself standing amongst the charred remains of the house, writing, "In order to gain everything, you must lose everything."
Here's wishing Von D – who is in Canada to promote her second book, The Tattoo Chronicles – the best in her time of need.
Courtesy Kat Von D
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own


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Life in Ivanka's Shoes
For recurring expenses, you and your spouse should work together to make the money you spend work harder. "To save on gas, look for online tools that can help you find the best prices in your area. The GasBuddy app, for example, shows you prices from all the stations in your area, as well as the distance to each," says Linda Descano, a money expert for Manilla.com and president and CEO of Women & Co., Citi's personal finance resource for women. You should also look for credit cards that offer rewards points (which you can use for gas cards) and cash back on items like gas and groceries.
To save money on food, make a weekly menu, not just a shopping list. Shopping for only what's on your menu will save both time and money, plus it cuts down on waste. Says Descano, "The more you stick to your menu plan, and incorporate using leftovers into your dinner routine, the more you'll save."
The most important thing you can do is be honest, knowledgeable, and up front about your past financial troubles. As the old saying goes, "admitting you have a problem is the first step," and this is totally true when it comes to money troubles. You need to acknowledge things like debt, bad investments, overdrawn accounts, and bad credit scores.
Once you've identified the holes, it's time to patch them up. "Take stock of where you are financially: What's coming in versus going out, and what do you have saved?" Then, put together an action plan based on what expenditures are important to you and where you want to be tomorrow financially. You can seek the advice of a professional money manager, but often just the mere act of mapping everything out helps you breathe easier and feel more in control.
The REDBOOK Auto Awards


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Hello Dear,
How is everything with you,I picked interest on you after going through your short profile,I have something very vital to disclose to you,but I found it difficult to express myself here,since it's a public site.Could you please get back to me on(firstname.lastname@example.com)for the full details.
Have a nice day.
Bruno Serra.
I am very thankful to you for giving me information about Swaraj in vedic ara.
I am Very Impress with Concept of Swaraj ( after reading HIND SWARAJ) and I believe that "By implementing Swaraj in india, We can Solve many problems that we face today, ..........
So i have start small group of Young people in my village to work for this cause"
So, Can you give me names of some books in that Gandhi or Gandhian scholars explain this vision in Detail in current or historical point of
Dear Arya Bhushan Bhardwa, merely wish to mention that should you in your travels come across an organization using the name Gandhi which would be interested in endorsing a Martin Luther King Jr. awareness revival to motivate the world citizenry to manifest their capability to make US wars for predatory investments in countries made poor by more than a century of colonial military occupation and exploitation, it would be an opportunity for Westerners to re appreciate the Gandhi-King connection in terminating imperialist violence. Cordially, jay janson, email@example.com and http://kingcondemneduswars.blogspot.com/
Very good. Questions for HS Chapter 20: I see that Gandhiji puts the spinning wheel and loom as the solution for most career problems. 1) Do you have a spinning wheel and do you use it? 2) What are your thoughts on it's use? What is the next book we should study?
I am a gandhian scholor & have a deep Knoledge in Gandhian philosphy. Now I am working in Gandhi Research foundation, Jalgaon, Maharashtra. I am editor of Khoj Ganghiji Ki' also. I want to your friend & want to work together, for the piece in the world.
HS Chapter 19 questions:
1) Gandhiji proposes that mechanization impoverishes the soul. What is the soul to Gandhiji?
2) Do you think the spinning wheel can be of service more than as a teaching tool to throw off the central banking system that so impoverishes the world's poor?
No problem.
The books are here. I will start now putting them on: MahatmaGandhiGlobalLibrary.blogspot.com
I will be mailing you a book in the next few days.
Thanks, they look interesting.
After my 123 days of combined fasting, from April, 2003 thru April, 2004, against the personal income tax (tax slavery), the social security number (slave number) and the property tax (three attributes of slavery in Antiquity), I put off fasting until I could gain more insight on the topic. I've lost some eyesight and gained high blood sugar from those days, I think. Today, I am better connected to Gandhiji's world with teachers and council in India and around the world.
HS Chapter 19 questions:
1) Gandhiji proposes that mechanization impoverishes the soul. What is the soul to Gandhiji?
2) Do you think the spinning wheel can be of service more than as a teaching tool to throw off the central banking system that so impoverishes the world's poor?
Note: No books at the post office yet.
No problem.
I need to get to the post office in the next couple of days to check for books. They were not here a few days ago, but I'm looking.
HS Chapter 18 Questions:
1) I've determined at the very least that my studies in India should come before my law studies in the United States. With this in mind, do I need to start working on Hindi or some other language of India?
2) Is Hindi the main language of india?
3) It is interesting that (free) compulsory education is the 10th Plank of "The Communist Manifesto," and we think so highly of it in the West. I am happy to see that Gandhiji say it as slavery. How are your children educated in India these days?
We have our first two books available for mailing upon request anywhere in the world at: MahatmaGandhiGlobalLibrary.blogspot.com
Thanks for the inspiration.
Just a reminder that Chapter 17 Questions are here.
HS Chapter 17 Questions:
1) I note on one page that "dhurna" seems quite similar to American ideas of satyagraha, while on the next, I see that Gandhiji open attacked dhurna in Young India. How is it wrong to sit quietly to face down a wrong person?
2) Concerning "poverty," I have taken a vow of "simplicity," which leads naturally to a lack of physical property in my life. I have chosen rather to invest in my education, which cannot be devalued by a central bank, etc. In a circumstance of satyagraha, there appear instances wherein debts call to us to be paid, while our moral calling to civil resistance also calls. How would Gandhiji address this divided mind? Do we pay the debts or utilize civil disobedience? I was raised to pay the debts in my Western thinking before any other consideration, but I often wonder how Gandhiji would instruct someone in the midst of satyagraha?
Thank you Garvin. I was unaware that you had seen "all my questions." I gather that you think I was into "stone throwing and resisting arrest?" Perhaps you are operating from a wrong assumption? I am reading "Hind Swaraj" chapter by chapter, and my teacher is answering my questions, chapter by chapter, here on gandhitopia. Because I am interested, I am reading and also asking questions.
Gene all your questions are of someone who has not read much of Gandhi. If you are truly interested you should READ.
We choke a system by suffering and accepting the consequences of our actions.Throwing stones or shouting slogans and resisting arrest is not Non Violence, It is violence brought on by thoughts of Anger which is the step before hatred.
I have not the slightest doubt that true Satyagraha is the only way.........it is possible you may suffer injury but you must not retaliate. It takes Guts but it works.
Sincerely Garvin
Chapter 16 questions for HS:
1) Concerning, brute force, did Gandhiji ever block a door or a street?
2) What were the contexts of his arrests?
3) If we are to choke a system, how is this performed non-violently?
© 2016 Created by GandhiServe Foundation. Powered by


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WHO Releases 'Vision 2030′ on Water Supply, Sanitation and Climate Change
May 2010: The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a CD-ROM titled "Vision 2030: The resilience of water supply and sanitation in the face of climate change," which aims to increase understanding of how anticipated climate change may affect drinking water and sanitation systems. It also outlines possible actions to optimize resilience of infrastructure and services.
Produced together with the UK Department for International Development (DFID), Vision 2030 highlights key conclusions such as: the existence of significant overall benefits to health and development in adapting to climate change; the need for major changes in policy and planning to ensure optimal utilization of ongoing and future investments; the need to integrate resilience into drinking water and sanitation management to cope with present climate variability; and the urgent need for targeted research to fill gaps in technology and basic information, to develop simple tools, and to provide regional information on climate change.
The CD-ROM includes: a full technical report, as well as detailed reports on climate change and technology projections, and a review of resilience and adaptive capacity, including a series of technology-by-technology fact sheets. [CD-ROM Website and Report Summaries] [Summary of the Full Report]


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- Ontario NationTalk
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Climate Change Hitting Arctic Faster, Harder – Polar bears May Be At Even Greater Risk
(Toronto: April 23, 2008)
Climate change is having a greater and faster impact on the Arctic than previously thought, according to a new study by the global conservation organization WWF.The new report, called Arctic Climate Impact Science – An Update Since ACIA, represents the most wide-ranging reviews of arctic climate impact science since the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) was published in 2005.
The new study found that change was occurring in all arctic systems, impacting on the atmosphere and oceans, sea ice and ice sheets, snow and permafrost, as well as species and populations, food webs, ecosystems and human societies.
Melting of arctic sea ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet was found to be severely accelerated, now even prompting the expert scientists to discuss whether both may be close to their "tipping point" (the point where, because of climate change, natural systems may experience sudden, rapid and possibly irreversible change).
"The magnitude of the physical and ecological changes in the Arctic creates an unprecedented challenge for governments, the corporate sector, community leaders and conservationists to create the conditions under which arctic natural systems have the best chance to adapt," said Dr Martin Sommerkorn, one of the report's authors and Senior Climate Change Adviser at WWF International's Arctic Programme.
"The debate can no longer focus only on creating protected areas and allowing arctic ecosystems to find their balance."
"At the same time, we need to simultaneously reduce the vulnerability of social and environmental systems of the Arctic by reducing threats from human activity and building ecosystem resilience — the ability of ecosystems to remain stable when under a lot of pressure."
WWF will launch this report at a meeting of the Arctic Council, the intergovernmental forum of arctic nations on Thursday.
"It is now in the hands of the Arctic nations to act upon this evidence for climate impacts," said Sommerkorn. "They can make a difference if they act strongly, and fast. It is just way too late for business as usual."
"This new report further emphasises the need for strong and effective Canadian leadership now in order to save polar bears," said Dr. Peter Ewins, Director, Species Conservation, WWF-Canada."
Previous models had predicted that melting sea-ice would mean some polar bear populations could be come extinct by 2050. The new evidence points to even earlier regional extinctions, unless Prime Minister Harper makes a firm commitment to halt over-hunting, reduce industrial development pressures and institute measures designed to drastically reduce Canada's CO2 emissions."
According to last year's reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, if the entire Greenland Ice Sheet were to melt, sea levels would rise 7.3 metres, making its status a global concern. While it is currently impossible to accurately predict how much of the ice sheet will be melting, and over which time, the new report shows there has been a far greater loss of ice mass in the past few years, much more than had been predicted by scientific models.
Likewise, the loss of summer arctic sea ice has increased dramatically, with record lows reached in 2005 and — way more dramatic — in 2007. In September 2007, the sea ice shrank to 39 per cent below its 1979-2000 mean, the lowest since satellite monitoring began in 1979 and also the lowest for the entire 20th century based on monitoring from ships and aircraft.
"When you look in detail at the science behind the recent Arctic changes it becomes painfully clear how our understanding of climate impacts lags behind the changes that we are already seeing in the Arctic," said Sommerkorn. "This is extremely dangerous, as some of these Arctic changes have the potential to substantially warm the Earth beyond what models currently forecast. That is because climate models don't currently adequately incorporate important underlying drivers of the Arctic changes we are already observing, such as the interaction between sea ice thickness and water temperature."
The Arctic is not only one of the places on Earth most vulnerable to climate change, but also a place where vulnerability is of urgent global relevance.
"We need to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases to levels that will avoid the continued warming of the Arctic and the anticipated resulting disruption of the global climate system," said Sommerkorn.
For further information
Dr. Peter Ewins, Director, Species Conservation, WWF-Canada Telephone 647-400-9576; email firstname.lastname@example.com
Julia Langer, Director, Global Threats, WWF-Canada Telephone 647-400-9579; email firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr Martin Sommerkorn, Senior Climate Change Adviser, WWF International's Arctic Programme. Telephone +47 222 05 309; email firstname.lastname@example.com
Moira O'Brien-Malone, Head of Media Relations, WWF International. Telephone +41 79 377 7958, email email@example.com
>>CLICK here to download the full report [pdf, 2.20 MB].
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Retrieving data from database.
I have a form with 4 text fields
1. Employee Number
2. Employee Name
3. Salary
4. Address and
5. Retrieve button
And I have a table named "employee" in database, I want the above text fields to be filled up with the employee information when I enter the employee number and submit the form.
Plz help me in doing this.
Thank you.
|All times are GMT +5.5. The time now is 14:17.


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I think I may have solved the problem. The issue was obviously the ICF.
I stumbled across this solution wile searching through google.
Essentially it involves creating a entry in the ICF config to open port
445 (External Port 445, Internal Port 139). When I do this, printing is
fine.. all the symptoms are gone.
>From what I understand about these ports are what SMB uses for[/color]
Microsoft Directory Services. The port 445 is used in Windows 2k and XP
versions. Prior to these versions of Windows ports 137-139 are used. I
think care should be taken to ensure the correct precautions are taken
in order to avoid DoS attacks, worms and other nasty's when opening
this 445 port as it (and the other old ports) have been exploited in
the past.
Has anyone got any advice on this?
Andrew Luke wrote:[color=blue]
> Further to my previous posts I have found out the following through
> testing.
> - Installing Windows XP Service Pack 2 seemed to resolve the issue.
> - When I uninstalled SP2 the problems returned
> - When I turn off Internet Connection Firewall on the LAN connection
> (without SP2) the issues seem to be resolved.
> So that begs the question, what's the ICF restricting that is causing
> the delay in sending the print job?? My testing continues! Comments
> welcome, thanks.[/color]


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Miskito Cays
The Miskito Cays (Spanish: Cayos Miskitos) are an archipelago with an area of 27 km² located off shore in the northeastern Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, part of the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. The Miskito Cays are composed of 76 formations that include estuaries, coral reefs, cays, seagrass beds, and islets, of which 12 of the formations are covered with vegetation and consequently form islands which are lined with white sand beaches.[1]
Miskito Cay (Cayo Miskito), also known as Cayo Mayor, is the largest and most important cay located in the center of the archipelago measuring 37 km². Other main islands are Maras Cay, Nasa Cay, and Morrison Denis Cay
The Miskito Cays Biological Reserve is one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua, it was declared a protected area in 1991.
- ^ "The Miskito Cays". ViaNica. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
Coordinates: 14°23′N 82°46′W / 14.383°N 82.767°W
There seems to be a possible discrepancy between the size of the Miskito Cays and the size the main island of Miskito Cay (Cayo Mayor).
|This Nicaragua location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This article related to a protected area in Nicaragua is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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"I understand why people are disappointed in me, especially since I grew up as America's sweetheart," the country singer, 28, tells the October issue of Shape, on newsstands Sept. 20. "I think any relationship is hard to get out of, and I don't think the way I did it was right."
Rimes, whose nearly eight-year marriage to Sheremet fell apart as she began seeing actor Eddie Cibrian. She told PEOPLE in June that she regretted her actions, saying "I did one of the most selfish things that I possibly could do, in hurting someone else,"
She also points to getting married young as the reason for the split. "It wasn't a fulfilling marriage for either of us," she tells Shape. "As we got older, we grew apart."
Still, Rimes knows that "there are lessons in it for me to learn" and says she's figured out what she calls "the most important thing," which is "cultivating strength from rough situations."
"After going through this," says Rimes, who finalized her divorce in December and has since moved in with Cibrian, "I know I can face anything."
See what other readers have to say about this story – or leave a comment of your own


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Six-year old Danny Keefe is a waterboy for his elementary school's fifth-grade football team.
Keefe, who suffers from a speech impediment, was being bullied at school for the way he dressed and spoke -- at least until his fifth-grade teammates stepped in to take a stand against the way fellow students were treating him.
In the past few weeks, video of his teammates' show of support for their waterboy circulated the internet, captivating viewers and offering an enlightening perspective into the power of one voice in standing up to bullying.
Recently, Danny and Tommy appeared on The Ellen Show, where they were presented with new fedoras and a special video message from Patriots quarterback Tom Brady.
Brady gave the boys tickets and field passes to the Patriots' last regular-season game against the Buffalo Bills.
In addition, Patriots owner Robert Kraft pitched in tickets to the Patriots' Hall of Fame for the entire Bridgewater Badgers team.
[via Bleacher Report]


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Events - Daily
December 11, 2012 >>
|Tuesday, December 11
Making the European Monetary Union
Director's Book Forum
Harold James, Claude and Lore Kelly Professor in European Studies; professor of history and international affairs; and director, Program in Contemporary European Politics and Society
The series will be held at noon; lunch will be provided. Registration required. Contact Carole Frantzen, email@example.com or 609.258.7497
12:00 p.m.– 1:30 p.m.
"Up to the Minute" - New Turmoil in the Middle East
Woodrow Wilson School
Ambassador Daniel Kurtzer, Former U.S. Ambassador to Israel and Egypt; Lecturer in Public and International Affairs; The S. Daniel Abraham Visiting Professor in Middle East Policy Studies
4:30 p.m.– 6:00 p.m.


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CLEVELAND - This was going to be the season in which Andy Dalton would come of age as a NFL quarterback.
The struggles that plagued him in his first two seasons would give way to consistency and more wins for the Bengals, who have haven't won a playoff game since 1990. All he needed, it was assumed, were a few more games under his belt.
Here we are in Week 11 of the season and Dalton has an average passer rating of 86.7. He's thrown three interceptions in each of the last two games and the Bengals have lost two straight in slipping to 6-4.
The passer rating is 19.9 points lower than the rating achieved in two starts and mop-up duty of another game for Browns quarterback Jason Campbell. With the teams meeting Sunday in a crucial AFC North Division game at Paul Brown Stadium, the big edge that was supposed to go the way of the Bengals might not work out that way.
No one in Cincinnati has written or said that Dalton might not be the long-term answer, but you can bet there are insinuations. Bengals coach Marvin Lewis expressed his belief in Dalton this week.
"We've had some turnovers, and that's the important thing," Lewis said. "Sometimes when you have turnovers it looks bad on the quarterback, but we have to make sure everybody is doing the right things. For us to improve as a football team we have to take better care of the football, and that means execution by all 11 players on offense."
The preseason predictions concerning Dalton appeared to be coming true until recent games. Through the first eight games he had thrown 16 touchdown passes compared to six interceptions in leading the Bengals to a 6-2 record.
Things unraveled the last two games in losses to the Dolphins and Ravens. Dalton isn't sure exactly where to put a finger on his struggles.
"I don't think there's one thing that's stopped what we've been doing," Dalton said. "We just have to make more plays. I have to be better and make more accurate throws and give our guys a chance to make plays."
Based on recent games, you could make the argument that the Browns have the advantage at quarterback. Campbell was sharp in a loss to the Chiefs and a 24-18 win over the Ravens, the latter performance earning him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors.
Campbell is enjoying the ride, perhaps not sure if or how long it will last.
"It does make you hungrier," Campbell said of being out of the starter's limelight since the midpoint of the 2011 season. "At the same time I think going through that you look back and say, 'Why stress so much? Why put so much pressure on yourself because at the end of the day things are going to happen and things are going to be done.' Sometimes it's out of your control.
"It's time for me to start enjoying myself and go out there and play football and not worry about things you can't control. It was tough being a starter and losing your job to injury (in Oakland). It's a hard pill to bite, but at the same time it's made me a lot stronger."
Strong enough to carry the Browns to their second victory of the season over the Bengals? Dalton figures what happens in the first quarter will tell the story.
"We've got to start fast," Dalton said. "That's something we really didn't do (in the first game), and for this team it's not that we're not playing hard, it's just that a couple things didn't go our way. We've got to make some big plays, tough catches, make guys miss in the run game. They're a good defense, and we have to be at our best."
This is Dalton's chance to show that he is the man in Cincinnati.


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Driver flees scene after running over bicyclist
Investigators say a bicyclist was hit by a white van near the 1600 block of East Pembroke Avenue.
Investigators say a bicyclist was hit by a white van near the 1600 block of East Pembroke Avenue.
Police say the suspect stole nearly $900 worth of clothing.
The Total Health Center wants treat chronic illness at the root of the problem.
New dental technology is helping patients get the smile they want with faster results.
Portsmouth Detectives are investigating multiple vehicle break-ins that happened Tuesday at the Renaissance Hotel.
WAVY-TV 10 is pleased to announce a series of new anchor assignments and the expansion of its newscasts to sister station FOX43.
Chihuahua mix from the Virginia Beach SPCA.
Raising awareness for colon cancer.
The national project Listen 2 Veterans isn't therapy, but proponents say it's healing.
Brandon Bartlett was charged after he accidentally shot and killed 68-year-old David Ware Jr., mistakenly thinking he was a deer.
A three-vehicle crash near a Norfolk Walmart sent on woman to the hospital and destroyed an Hampton Roads Transit bus shelter.
Monday's lawsuit is calling for a jury trial as well as $5 million in damages.
Romney warned a packed auditorium that any of the other GOP candidates would be a better alternative to the billionaire businessman.
An American adventurer said Thursday that he discovered part of an aircraft on a sandbar off the coast of Mozambique.
While Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump each carried Virginia in their respective presidential primary elections Tuesday, voting results amon…
Olympic officials have identified 43 candidates for a team of refugee athletes who will compete in the Summer Games.
The crew found him inside a home that is undergoing re-construction.
The new parallel bridge is being designed to feature seven spans and a 100-year life.
The accident happened at Moses Grandy Trail and Millville Road.


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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- Fatal Victim of Hoboken Train Crash Identified as 34-Year-Old Married Mother Fabiola Bittar de Kroon
- Read the Cover Story: Brad & Angelina Split After 12 Years: It's Over
- Teresa Giudice Says Husband Joe Has Lost 35 Lbs. in Prison by Doing '1,000 Sit-Ups a Day'
- Ozzy Osbourne's Ex-Mistress Michelle Pugh Files Complaint Against His Daughter Kelly for Allegedly Targeting Her for 'Financial Gain'
- FROM EW: Inside Maren Morris' Country Revolution
People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- November 05, 2007
- Vol. 68
- No. 19
Picks and Pans: Movies
From Disney to Broadway Meet the New Little Mermaid!
Years ago, after seeing Barbra Streisand's Yentl, a friend offered a shrewd appraisal: "I went expecting a C movie, but I'm happy to say that was a B movie." The same applies to Dan in Real Life, an agreeable comedy by director-cowriter Peter Hedges (he made the admirable Pieces of April?), which brims with familial warmth and easygoing humor.
Dan (Carell), a widower with three daughters, is instantly smitten after meeting Marie (Binoche) while both are browsing in a bookshop. Hours later his younger brother Mitch (Cook) shows up with Marie on his arm at a family reunion weekend because—did you see this coming?—she's Mitch's girlfriend. Now Dan must decide how far he'll go to win Marie for himself.
Carell continues to grow exponentially as an actor (let's all just agree to forget Evan Almighty), managing to make wallowing in self-pity seem sympathetic and amusing. Sadly, the lovely Binoche is given too little to do; she's mostly onscreen for Dan to pine over. But what really keeps Dan from soaring is that it can't seem to decide whether it's a quirky little love story or a slick Hollywood star vehicle. When the movie opts for the latter—serving up strained scenes showcasing Carell engaged in "wacky" antics, such as dancing geekishly or getting soaked in a shower while fully dressed—it just becomes Dan in Hollywood.
Philip Seymour Hoffman, Ethan Hawke, Albert Finney, Marisa Tomei | R |
An older brother (Hoffman), seemingly prosperous but with a heroin habit that's draining his wallet, proposes to his ne'er-do-well younger bro (Hawke) that they rob a jewelry store. What happens next—and its tragic consequences and reverberations—is the subject of this beautifully acted film that's as much a psychological character study as a crime drama. Director Sidney Lumet, whose first film, 12 Angry Men, came out 50 years ago, is working here at the very tippy-top of his considerable game. Don't miss it.
Kevin Bacon, Marcia Gay Harden | PG-13 |
If there's such a thing as a quality tearjerker, Rails qualifies. It's a bittersweet look at a husband (Bacon) and wife (Harden)—she's fatally ill—who find happiness in her final days caring for an orphaned boy with whom they have a sorrowful connection. The plot is contrived, but first-time director Alison Eastwood wisely plays it straight, aided by moving, unshowy performances from her two talented stars.
Eastwood, 35, becomes a first-time director with the drama Rails & Ties.
WOW, TALK ABOUT BIG SHOES TO FILL! Believe me, I've been having to deal with being in the shadows of that—my father being such an icon. But I just do my thing.
DID CLINT GIVE YOU TIPS? He doesn't say much, besides "Make sure you get a lot of sleep and take care of yourself." He shows you, instead of talking.
YOU'VE MODELED, ACTED AND ARE NOW DIRECTING. WHAT'S NEXT? I guess get married and have kids. That's something I haven't done!
• The Paris-bred Oscar winner (for The English Patient), 43, goes for laughs in Dan in Real Life.
WHAT'S IT LIKE STARRING AS THE LOVE INTEREST OF TWO COMEDIANS? I think for Dane [Cook] and Steve [Carell], I represented this serious French actress. But the director made me sing in this Barbra Streisand voice, so they got over their awe of me quickly.
THE MOVIE IS ALL ABOUT MEETING A BOYFRIEND'S FAMILY. ANY TIPS? It will make or break a relationship if his mom likes you.
SO, WHAT'S YOUR SECRET TO WINNING A FAMILY OVER? I make good crepes!
• Look out, Lion King, here comes Ariel—on Nov. 3, Colorado native Sierra Boggess, 25, makes a splash on Broadway in the stage musical version of Disney's beloved The Little Mermaid
YOU WERE 7 WHEN THE LITTLE MERMAID CAME OUT. WERE YOU A FAN? Of course! My two sisters and I would swim in the pool and all pretend to be Ariel. I remember being sad because I was blonde and I thought, "If only I had red hair, I could play Ariel in a school show."
DRAMA CLUB, EAT YOUR HEARTS OUT—YOU GOT TO DO IT ON BROADWAY! I was at the dentist when I got the call. Yes, I answered the phone. I was like, "This just made this appointment completely bearable!"
ARE YOU NERVOUS ABOUT OPENING NIGHT? I'm not nervous, just really excited. But I've told everyone that if my idol, Barbra Streisand, were to come to the show, they can't tell me. I think I would pass out.
I HEARD YOU WARM UP BY SINGING BRITNEY SPEARS? I'm always singing show tunes as Britney Spears would sing them. I'll do a little Phantom of the Opera in Britney's voice. Also, I'll impersonate bad American Idol performances, just totally off-key, butchering songs. I'll do that in the wings, and it amuses everyone around.
IS A 16-YEAR-OLD MERMAID EASY TO RELATE TO? Sure! I remember being 16 and feeling like Ariel does, just "What else is out there for me?" I wanted to leave Denver, to go to New York. I just knew I could be a Broadway actress.
More in the Archive
Today's Photos
Treat Yourself! 4 Preview Issues
The most buzzed about stars this minute!


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Maybe you've already had your fill of winter. Or maybe not.
With the snow retreating up into the mountains where it belongs, it will be waiting for you when you want it.
Mount Hood's ski areas, as well as most other winter resorts in the Pacific Northwest, have been dumped on even bigger than the cities in the valleys.
Up in the mountains, the snow is appreciated. Highway crews know how to handle it and ski area staffs know how to prepare it so guests can enjoy it.
Here's what's going on at the winter resorts closest to Portland through the end of the Christmas holidays, Sunday, Jan. 4.
Timerline Ski Area: With 84 settled inches of snow, the south side of Mount Hood has just about the most snow in the country (an isolated resort or two in Colorado and California are reporting more, but maybe they use different yard sticks). Of course, that number will change quickly at Mount Hood _ upward. Timberline is open 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. for skiing/snowboarding through the holidays, with a 12:30 p.m. closing to celebrate New Year's Eve with fireworks. Snow conditions: 503-222-2211.
Mt. Hood Meadows: The lifts open daily at 9 a.m. and run until 9 p.m. on (Thursdays and Sundays), 10 p.m. (Fridays and Saturdays), 4 p.m. (Mondays and Tuesdays) and until 10 p.m. on New Year's Eve (with fireworks at 9:45 p.m.). Snow conditions: 503-227-7669.
Mt. Hood Skibowl: The Web site doesn't specify hours, but the lifts will run for day and night skiing every day, with extended hours to 2 a.m. on New Years Eve. Snow conditions 503-222-2695.
Mt. Bachelor: Lift hours are easy to remember: 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. throughout the season (at least until spring time). Snow conditions: 541-382-7888.
Cooper Spur: The chairlift in the upper Hood River Valley on the north side of Mount Hood operates daily from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., with 9 p.m. closings on Fridays and Saturdays. Snow conditions: 541-352-7803.
Summit: Open daily 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., with its beginner chairlift in Government Camp and its tubing hills at Summit and Snow Bunny. Snow conditions 503-272-0256.
Hoodoo: The ski area at Santiam Pass is open 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., except for 4 p.m. closings on Christmas Day and on Sundays. Look for New Year's Eve fireworks at 9 p.m. Hey, that's when the ball drops in New York's Times Square. Snow conditions 541-822-3337.
The mountains are also ready with cross-country ski trails, snowmobile trails, back country skiing, tubing hills, snowshoeing, dog sledding and, oh yeah, snowman building (just in case the one in your yard melts).
Be sure to have traction tires or devices, obey the highway driving laws and purchase a sno-park permit where required.
-- Terry Richard; firstname.lastname@example.com


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Government Vocabulary
v.s political system in which the people have a voice in decision making and having rights
Declaration of Independence
July 4 1776, stated the reasons why the united states was seperating from great britian
introduction to the constitution, it begins "We the people..." and explains why we have a constitution.
seperation of powers
Dividing the power of government into 3 branchesd so no branh becomes too powerful.
dividing the power of governments between the national (federal) and the state or local governments
to change or add to the constituion. amendments keep our contitution able to adapt to changing conditions in our history
to give in to form an agreement. one compromise in the constititon was called the "Great Compromise" and gave us two houses of congress


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Village Galleries' Kapalua location, off the lobby of The Ritz-Carlton, will host a reception and exhibition of new works by Shauna Morrison from 3 to 5 p.m. Sunday.
Morrison's hand-made Maui jewelry will be featured in the show, titled "Art to Wear."
Morrison will be the gallleries' artist in residence Sunday through Tuesday.
Article Photos
"Heart of Aloha" is a hand-made pendant of blue topaz, pearls and sterling silver by Shauna Morrison.
Village Galleries photo
"From my early teens, I've been an admirer and collector of stones," said the artist. "After an inspiring trip to Ecuador, this passion led me to choose art as my full-time occupation instead of returning to University of Washington."
"I first met Shauna and saw her unique hand fabricated art jewelry shortly after her arrival on Maui in 1992," said Lynn Shue, owner/director of Village Galleries. "Her designs stood out as original art I would be proud to carry in my galleries."
2012 marks the 20th year Village Galleries has represented the artist.
Hand-made jewelry is the theme of another Maui artisan's show each Wednesday this month from 1 to 5 p.m. when Maui Hands Galleries in the Hyatt Regency, Ka'anapali presents the unique, retro and wildly creative art jewelry pieces of Joyce Bezusco.
Bezusco's studio is located on the shores of Maui where her passion is fueled by the ever-changing ocean, calming breezes, majestic mountains and lush greenery. It is there she creates her one-of-a-kind cuff bracelets, pendants, belt buckles and wall pieces.
Edgy, elegant, whimsical and over-the-top are words that describe Bezusco's art form. She enjoys the challenge of creating custom pieces.
With a deep appreciation for retro and a love affair with the "Old Hollywood" romance of vintage jewelry, she is able to craft a unique and captivating blend of modern nostalgia.
Joyce's use of primarily existing materials maintains her respect for lowering her carbon footprint proving beautiful works of art and nature can co-exist.
Joyce says, "Keep your dreams high and your spirit higher."


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There is considerable controversy about the effects of the intravenous administration of dextran 40 (dextran of average molecular weight, 40,000) on the rheologic properties of blood. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of dextran 40 on blood flow in the intact extremity and on blood volume and to correlate any changes in these two parameters with known concentrations of circulating dextran 40.
Fifteen healthy mongrel dogs, weighing 18 to 27 kg (39.6 to 59.4 lb) were anesthetized intravenously with a 2.5% solution of thiopental sodium. The right external jugular vein and both femoral arteries were exposed. Aortic blood pressure was monitored by a polyethylene catheter inserted into the left femoral artery and passed to the level of the aortic arch and was recorded with a strain gauge on a multichannel electronic recorder. Central venous pressure was measured on a manometer connected to a catheter passed
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Carhartt All Season Cotton Crew Sock
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
The quarter sock that isn't short on comfort and durability. *Extended reinforcement around heel and toe *Extra padding *Premium cotton provides all-day comfort *Arch support and spandex holds sock in place *Fights odor
- Carhartt
Tried and true, our all-season cotton crew work sock delivers all-day comfort in a wide range of conditions. Offered in a crew length, this midweight sock comes in a durable blend of 73% cotton, 17% nylon, 9% polyester and 1% lycra-spandex. Mesh cooling channels for better breathability. Cushioned foot for comfort.
- Ramsey Outdoor
Carhartt All Season Cotton Crew Sock
previously retailed for:
$13.99 - $14.50
$13.99 - $14.50
The Carhartt All Season Cotton Crew Sock is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen July 24, 2015 at Carhartt.
If you're looking for a new hiking/backpacking sock, check out the best reviewed current models.