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Fun Runs | Post-Race
Rules & RegulationsLast updated 02 September 2016
Events are classified as the Trails Runs, Fun Runs, the International Friendship Run, the Half Marathon and the Ultra Marathon that take place over the Easter week end.
Entrants undertake to abide by the following rules and agree to the following conditions:
1. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon and the Old Mutual Two Oceans Half Marathon are held under the auspices, rules and regulations of the IAAF, IAU, ASA and WPA.
2. The runner agrees to participate at their own risk and by their entry and participation fully indemnifies the organisers of the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon events, The Two Oceans Marathon NPC, Athletics South Africa, Western Province Athletics, City of Cape Town, SAN Parks, all official sponsors and partners, volunteer groups, medical suppliers, and any and all local authorities, from any direct or indirect loss or damage, however caused, arising from their participation in the event or related to the event, including pre-race and post-race activities.
3. The race organisers reserve the right to accept or reject any entry. It is the responsibility of each runner to ensure that they are medically fit and healthy to participate in the event. Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon has the right to reject an entry on the advice of the race medical team.
4. All entry fees are non-refundable and non-transferable under all circumstances, including, but not limited to, cancellation of the event or of the runner's participation, or change in the date, nature, or format of the event. The event may be cancelled or changed due to severe weather or other factors that threaten the safety of runners, staff, or volunteers.
5. All runners wishing to participate in the Events are required to create a profile on the OMTOM website. The runner is required to complete all compulsory fields and undertakes to do so honestly. It is the responsibility of the runner to ensure this profile is updated with any relevant changes within the Profile Update period.
Note: For the few entries received on paper forms, the TOM office will create this profile on behalf of the runner using the information provided. The same expectation of honesty applies to these entries.
6. The Profile Update period and Profile Update deadline date will be specified annually on the OMTOM website.
7. Once a completed entry has been received and accepted, there will be no refunds if the runner cannot participate. The entry may not be sold to anyone else (except via the valid substitution process), and may not be transferred to future races. See Entry Changes / Substitutions for rules.
8, The Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon is open to all registered runners who are 20 years and older on the day of the event.
9. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Half Marathon is open to all runners who are 16 years and older on the day of the event.
10. In any event prize money will not be awarded to athletes who are below the minimum age.
11. Foreign athletes must comply with IAAF rule 4.2 and if required should be able to produce a letter from their federation permitting their participation.
12. Seeding updates for the Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathons, Half, and Trail Runs, are free of charge. The runner is required to log into their Profile on the online system and update their seeding details with the name, date and distance of the race and the time they ran, with a URL (web address) where these results can be verified. These changes must be implemented within the Profile Update period. Failure to do so will result in the runner's update being declined.
13. Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon entrants who do not update their profiles within the Profile Update period with the required qualification race results (run between 1 July the previous year and the Profile Update deadline date), medical information and current year's licence details, will forfeit their entry.
14. All entrants residing in South Africa and entering the Ultra Marathon must be in possession of a valid provincial running licence. In order to obtain a valid current year's licence, entrants must be registered with an athletics club affiliated to Athletics South Africa (ASA). Prospective Ultra Marathon participants may first enter and then obtain their running license before the Profile Update deadline date.
15. SA entrants for the Half Marathon must possess a valid Athletics South Africa (ASA) license to enter and run the race. This is obtained as a permanent licence through an athletics club affiliated with ASA; alternatively, runners who do not belong to an athletics club will be required to purchase a temporary license when entering the race. This temporary license is valid on the day of the race only.
16. It is the responsibility of the athlete to ensure that any Therapeutic Use Exemption form has been properly lodged with the authorities before the race.
17. Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon manual entry forms, accompanied by proof of payment, will be accepted via fax and e-mail, provided the payment has been made prior to the official closing date or prior to entries being full.
18. For 2017 the Substitution period starts on 09 January and the Profile deadline date is 06 March 2017.
19. For 2017 the Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon has an entry limit of 11 000 runners.
20. For 2017 the Old Mutual Two Oceans Half Marathon has an entry limit of 16 000 runners.
21. Entrants for the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Ultra must qualify from 01 July 2016 as follows:
21.1. Complete an official race (held under the auspices of IAAF) of 42,2km or longer in the times specified below. Qualifying times may be adjusted for events run on trail or for different distances. Please contact the race office with any specific requests or enquiries.
21.2. Blue Number Club runners with 25 or more Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon finishes, will have their entry fee waived. They will, however, still be required to enter within the allotted entry period and qualify as detailed herein.
21.3. Runners with five or more Ultra Marathon medals can use the previous year's Old Mutual Two Oceans Ultra Marathon as their qualifier provided they have completed either of the previous two years' races within the cut off time.
21.4. Blue Number Club runners in the Ultra Marathon do not need to qualify, provided they have completed either of the previous two years' races within the cut off time.
22. Foreign runners residing in South Africa with a valid South African ID Number AND if licensed to a South African club, may enter as a local runner.
23. South African runners residing abroad with a valid international address may enter as an international runner; alternatively as an SA entrant if they have a permanent local address.
24. Any runner found to be falsifying information to gain a competitive advantage (for example lying about age) will be disqualified and banned from future participation.
1. All substitutions are to be done through the Two Oceans Marathon Race Office and the process needs to be followed from a medical safety point so as not to invalidate captured data, used by Disaster Management Services on race day. A small administration fee applies, as well as any additional purchases by the new entrants, e.g. RaceTec timing chip, temporary license fee for the Half Marathon, etc.
2. Substitutions, Upgrades and Entry changes must be done within the Profile Update date period. . No late Substitutions, Upgrades or Entry changes will be entertained what-so-ever.
3. Substitutions will be permitted in the Ultra Marathon, Half Marathon and both the Trail Runs. Substitutions will only be done if all entries in the desired race are sold out.
4. A small administration fee applies, as well as any additional purchases by the new entrants, e.g. RaceTec timing chip, temporary license fee for the Half Marathon, etc.
5. Merchandise purchased by the original entrant remains their property. A runner may not take over the original entrant's RaceTec chip.
6. If a runner wishes to withdraw and offer their entry for substitution, it is the runner's responsibility to find a suitable substitute within the same race, and the runner must follow the official substitution process.
7. Swopping of entries from ULTRA to HALF and HALF to ULTRA will only be entertained provided it's a double-substitution AND arranged via the race office within the stipulated time frame.
8. Runners who have entered the Half Marathon can upgrade to the Ultra Marathon IF they have qualified and belong to an athletics club. No Upgrades will be accommodated when the Ultra Marathon entries are sold out.
9. Outside of the official substitution process, a runner may not buy or "take over" an entry from another runner that can no longer participate, this will result in the buyer / replacement being disqualified, and both the new runner and original entrant facing a race ban, affecting future entries.
10. Runners that have substituted out of a race cannot re-enter that specific event in the same year.
11. All rules, terms and conditions that apply for the original race entry also apply for runners that substitute.
12. A runner that has entered a race via a substitution cannot substitute that entry further.
1. All runners will be sent confirmation of the race number electronically, via SMS and email, to the contact details on the runner's entry. It is the runner's responsibility to ensure that their contact details are updated on their Two Oceans Marathon profile in order to receive race information.
2. The runner is required to bring proof of identification together with their confirmation email (print out or on mobile telephone), as well as their RaceTec timing chip, in order to register at the Expo.
3. Runners are encouraged to collect their own race number and ordered merchandise from the registration desk at the Expo on the Wednesday, Thursday or Friday.
4. Trail Run registration takes place on the Wednesday and Thursday.
5. Fun Run registration takes place on the Wednesday and Thursday and Friday until 9am at the finish venue.
6. In order to pick up another runner's race number, a signed letter from the runner granting permission must be presented by their representative at the Expo, together with a copy of the runner's and the collector's ID books.
7. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Ultra entrants will receive the official sponsored t-shirt as part of their entry. Sizes will be allocated on availability, on a first come first served basis. No open packages nor worn shirts will be exchanged.
8. Half Marathon entrants to the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon have the option to purchase the official t-shirt when entering online. No open packages nor worn shirts will be exchanged during or after the Expo.
9. Exchanging of t-shirts will only be allowed during the last day of the Expo (Friday) between 4pm and 5pm, subject to size availability.
10. No collection of race pack (race number and goodie bag) will be allowed after the Expo closes on Friday.
11. NO official t-shirts can be collected after race day.
12. Runners are required to check all information on their race pack BEFORE leaving the registration desk at the Expo, and report and correct any errors to the administration team.
1. The Old Mutual Two Oceans events are run and organised in terms of the rules of IAAF, IAU, ASA and WPA.
2. The Old Mutual Two Oceans events use gun to mat timing in accordance with IAAF rule 165.24.
3. The official start times are as follows:
a. Seeding Pens: Half Marathon
i. A – C: 05h50
ii. D: 06h00
iii. E: 06h10
b. Seeded Mass Start: Ultra Marathon - 06h30
4. Ultra Marathon runners will be assigned to starting batches based on their qualifying times submitted.
a. Athletes with a Blue or Yellow number will be seeded in batch "C" unless they have a faster seeding time.
5. Half Marathon runners will be assigned to starting batches based on their seeding times submitted :
a. Athletes with a Blue or Yellow number will be seeded in batch "C" unless they have a faster seeding time.
b. Juniors and athletes 60 and older will be seeded in batch "C" if they do not qualify for a faster batch.
c. Athletes without seeding times will be assigned to the last starting batch.
6. Runners are to start in their allocated seeding pen. Any runner found to have started in a faster seeding pen will be disqualified and could be banned from entering the race for the following year.
7. All runners are to complete the medical information on the back of their race number.
8. Runners are required to wear their RaceTec timing chip, correctly, as displayed on the race envelope and on the website.
9. Marshals, traffic and any police officials must be obeyed at all times. If runners are instructed by any race, medical, traffic or police official to stop, they shall do so immediately.
10. No animals are allowed to accompany a runner during any event.
11. Except with prior written approval in exceptional circumstances no wheelchairs are permitted in the Old Mutual Two Oceans events due to the congestion of the route and the nature of the route elevations. The traffic authorities have advocated this ruling in the interests of the safety of all runners in the event.
12. No prams, strollers, roller blades or similar devices will be permitted on either distance.
13. The NO MOBILE SECONDING rule will be strictly enforced. No seconds may drive, cycle or run alongside any athlete on the route. The STAND AND HAND rule, whereby a runner's seconds may stand at any refreshment station (100m on either side) on the route and hand refreshments to their athlete while they remain stationary, will apply. No seconds may travel on the race route. Seconding may not be conducted directly from a vehicle – whether moving or stationary.
14. Athletes who fail to obey the race officials will be subject to disciplinary action and may be banned from participation in the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon in future.
15. Runners are obliged to stop if instructed to do so by an official medical representative on the route.
16. Official medical points are listed on the website. Access to the Medical Tent at the finish will be monitored by appointed doctors and nurses.
17. Any athlete who declines to comply with medical advice from an appointed medical doctor must sign a waiver.
18. Runners will be charged according to the hospital tariff rate, should they be admitted to hospital.
19. The cut-off time for the 56km Ultra Marathon is at 13:30 (7 hours). Runners who have not reached the following marks in the times specified will not be allowed to continue:
a. 28km at 10h00 - Halfway, Noordhoek Main Road
b. 42,2km at 11h50 - Outside Four Season's Guest farm Hout Bay Main Road
20. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Half Marathon official cut-off time at the finish line is 09h20. Runners who have not reached the intersection of Rhodes Drive and Almond Avenue (18.0km) by 09h00 will not be allowed to continue. If a runner does not reach the cut-off point within the required time, they will be asked to retire from the race and leave the road. The runner may not continue running.
21. If the usual route has to be changed, alternative cut-off times will be announced according to the route being run.
22. If the runner does not reach the cut-off points within the required time (7.5 min per km), they will be required to retire from the race. Transport will be provided from the cut- off points to the finish.
23. Runners must cross the timing mat on the finish line to officially finish the race.
24. Official event race bibs are to be worn on the front and the back of the runner's upper garment. Race bibs must be worn as issued and may not be cut, folded or worn in any way to obscure the lettering.
25. All South Africans should wear the official clothing of their athletics club; as indicated on their entry. Full club colours must be worn to be considered for team prizes.
26. If a runner's club colours do not match their club on the entry system, they will not be eligible to claim team prize money.
27. Age category tags will be included on the race numbers which must be clearly visible on the front and back of the running vest, if competitors are to be eligible for any age category prize apart from the open category. Additional (separate) age category tags may be worn but are not required.
28. No athlete may run for a club other than a registered club in the Province in which they are domiciled unless they have been declared a National athlete by ASA. The Domicilium rule will be strictly enforced. International (Foreign registered) athletes may not form part of a local club team.
29. An athlete is not eligible for a prize in more than one age group category i.e. an athlete is only eligible for a prize in the age category applicable to him/her or the younger category chosen by him/her. An athlete, male or female, who finishes the race in first to tenth position, may however, win his/her open position prize as well as any applicable age group category prize. Unless the runner specifically requests in writing to the Two Oceans Marathon organisers to change their age category to a lower age group category prior to closing date, the runner will be entered in the age group category of their chronological age both for individual and any team competition (ASA rules 11.3 to 11.8 inclusive). Proof of age may be required before awarding any category prizes.
30. Half Marathon Prize Winners may only come from the first start gun batch (i.e. seeded A, B or C), and not from the other two start batches.
31. Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a competition must be made, prior to the commencement of such competition, to the Technical Delegate(s). Once the Technical Delegate(s) makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury of Appeal (time frame according to IAAF rules). If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the competition, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter shall be referred to the council of ASA (IAAF Rule 146.1 and ASA Rule 14).
32. All appeals must be lodged with the Chief Referee who will then take it to the Jury of Appeal. This must be done in writing as soon as possible but not later than 30 minutes after the announcement of the results by the Chief Referee (or at prize-giving) and must be accompanied by a payment of the prescribed fee in accordance to the IAAF Rule 146.5 and ASA Rule 14.
33. This fee will be refunded if the objection is upheld. Procedural details for lodging an appeal can be obtained from the Chief Referee who can be contacted via the Two Oceans Marathon Information Centre next to the finish line.
34. Random drug testing, under the auspices of the Institute for Drug Free Sport and Athletics South Africa will be conducted. Competitors will be informed after they cross the finish line if they have been selected and will be required to acknowledge this by signing the relevant form. Officials will be on hand to escort them to the Drug Control Centre.
35. It is a violation of the doping rule for an athlete to fail to, or refuse to, submit to doping control after having been requested to do so by the responsible official. The athlete will be subject to sanctions in accordance with IAAF Rules 32 & 40.
36. Prize money will be paid into the recipient's bank account and will only be transferred once full doping results are received by Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon NPC. (Proof of South African Identity is required for South African and provincial prizes.) All prize money is subject to statutory taxes.
37. A prize of R1 000 000 cash will be awarded by the race sponsor to the first runner (or to the official race winner i.e. after drug testing) who breaks the current record of the Ultra Marathon.
38. In all events athletes must wear clothing which is clean and designed and worn so as not to be objectionable. The torso must always be covered.
39. In the event that any prize category results are not announced or made available at the official prize-giving, such results will be posted on the event website and circulated through the usual WPA club channels. In keeping with ASA rule 15 (IAAF rule 146) individuals and clubs shall be given 7 days to raise any appeal in writing to the organisers, whereafter the published results shall be deemed final, notwithstanding any inaccuracies that may be identified at a later date.
40. Any athlete accused of irresponsibly disposing of litter may be subject to disciplinary action
1. The runner grants their permission, in terms of Section 51 of the Electronic Communications Transactions Act 25 of 2002, to use their name, race information and photographs, video tapes, broadcasts and telecasts in which they may appear free of charge.
2. The runner accepts that their personal information will remain confidential and hereby consent to same being shared with the parties involved in the organisation of the event for purposes of medical care and / or promotion of activities related to the event.
3. No identification of sponsors of individual athletes may appear on advertising inside the competition area. Advertising tattoos or any advertising marks on any part of the body is illegal.
4. Personal sponsorship may appear on the front of the vest provided it does not exceed 40cm2 in size and is subject to the IAAF advertising regulations.
5. No ambush marketing is allowed at any point whatsoever at the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon.
6. The official branding guidelines, as set out by the Two Oceans Marathon office, must be strictly adhered to.
7. Political/ Religious Advertising: Both political (i.e. the promotion of any political parties, associations, movements, ideas of any other political cause) and religious advertising are prohibited in respect of events.
8. The display of legitimate national flags during an event shall be permitted provided they do not present a safety risk or interfere with any other athlete or the presentation of the event. Under no circumstances will any slogans, chants, banners, placards or such-like of a political, religious or offensive nature be tolerated.
1. Runners who participate in races they are not registered for will be disqualified and may face a ban of up to two years.
2. Reselling of entries above the original price (as part of the substitution process) is considered to be bad sportsmanship.
3. Athletes who fail to obey the race officials will be subject to disciplinary action and may be banned from participation in the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon in future.
4. In the event of a transgression of the rules, an athlete maybe warned of the transgression but such warning shall not be a prerequisite for any sanction or disqualification which may result.
5. In the event that an athlete is disqualified they do not qualify for a medal and will not be recognized as an official finisher of the race.
6. Allowing another person to compete with your number will result in disqualification of the other person and your participation in next year's event. NO CHIP, NO RESULTS OR PRIZE MONEY.
7. IAAF Rule 144.3b: For safety reasons the use of personal music players during road races is strongly discouraged. Anyone using such a device in contravention of IAAF rule 144.3.b will not be eligible for individual or team prizes. Anyone using such device who fails to obey a reasonable instruction from a race official may be disqualified.
8. The Old Mutual Two Oceans events take place in environmentally sensitive areas. Runners may not litter or damage the environment in which the events take place in any way. If convicted of littering the athlete can be disqualified.
1. The Gazebo Sites are available for ASA Clubs and can be booked online on a first come first served basis. Only bookings that have been confirmed and fully paid for will be accepted. The site fee will be paid to the official race charities.
2. Clubs are only allowed one site each.
3. Due to strict rules laid down by Disaster Management Services, only pre-booked sites will be available. No sites will be available for voluntary ad-hoc erection – i.e. no confirmed booking, no site.
4. The Two Oceans Marathon NPC reserves the right to move club allocated sites and to change the planned layout to meet with requirements following SAPS and Disaster Management inspections.
5. Gazebos must be erected on the C field (south side) within the allocated and demarcated areas.
6. Vehicles and trailers can 'Drop and Go' (no parking and/or trailer storage on the field allowed whatsoever) at the south side parking area. No club vehicles will be allowed on the fields and club gazebos must be carried to the booked site. Entry is via the south entrance – via the left hand lane from the M3 (Union Avenue) onto the UCT Campus (approaching from Wynberg towards the City).
7. Access times for gazebo erection during Good Friday will be notified to clubs. Note that the Trail and Fun Runs take place on Good Friday from 07h00 until 15h00 and field access will be restricted during this time.
8. All gazebos on the finish straight must remain within their demarcated sites on the field; no gazebo may be pushed up against the fence line. Gazebos must be open sided (i.e. no side walls may be used).
9. The Two Oceans Marathon NPC cannot be held responsible for the safety of club gazebos. Clubs are not permitted to dismantle gazebos of other clubs to get a better position.
10. There must be no damage of any description on the UCT fields or UCT property. OPEN FIRES, GAS BRAAIS, SKOTTELS AND GAS CYLINDERS ARE NOT ALLOWED DUE TO FIRE AND SAFETY REGULATIONS.
11. Camping may not take place on the UCT fields.
12. You will NOT BE PERMITTED TO BRING ALCOHOL ONTO THE FIELD as all the fields are licensed areas. Alcohol for consumption at your club gazebo may be pre-purchased via the Two Oceans Marathon NPC offices and collected at the Beer garden situated on the B field. This rule will be strictly enforced by the South African Police Services and the field security team.
13. Gazebo sites measure approximately 5m x 5m. Club gazebos must not exceed this size and must be free standing. No anchor ropes to extend outside of the demarcated areas.
14. No platforms, scaffolding or sponsors signage may be used at the club gazebo sites.
15. Although security is provided at the finish, neither the Two Oceans Marathon NPC, its sponsors, nor UCT will take responsibility for any loss or damage to club property.
16. All club gazebos must be removed by 16:00 on race day.
1. All entrants must be in possession of a race number issued by the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon organisers, which must be worn on the front of their shirt.
2. 56m Nappy Dash is open for kids between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Nappy Dash participants must be able to walk.
3. 250m Toddler's Trot is open for kids between the ages 4 and 6 years.
4. Runners must keep to the designated route, as indicated on the day.
5. Only ONE guardian may accompany a Nappy Dash or Toddlers Trot participant along the route. Other guardians and/or loved ones are required to wait in the general area.
6. Marshals and traffic officials must be obeyed at all times. Failure to comply with the instructions may lead to immediate disqualification.
7. No seconding or vehicles shall be allowed on the route. '
8. Sufficient refreshment stations will be provided as per ASA rules.
9. No cyclists or vehicles will be permitted to keep pace with runners, or allowed on the route.
10. It is the responsibility of each runner or guardian to ensure that he/she is medically fit and healthy to participate in the event.
11. The Organising Committee reserves the right to accept or reject any entry.
12. In the 2.1km and 5.6km events runners younger than 10 years must be accompanied by an adult who also has a valid entry.
13. Prams, strollers and standard wheelchairs are permitted in the 2.1 km and 5.6 km events only, but participation is at their own risk. These participants must assemble at the rear of the field and give way to runners at all times.
1. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Trail Runs take place according to the rules of IAAF and as described below.
2. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Trail Runs take place on Good Friday.
3. Registration is at the Old Mutual Two Oceans Expo on Wednesday and Thursday.
4. The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Trail Run 12km and 22km entrants will be eligible to purchase the official trail run t-shirt at the Expo.
5. Runners are not required to be a member of an athletics club to compete in the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon Trail Runs.
6. The long TRAIL is open to runners aged 18 years and older.
7. The short TRAIL is open to runners aged 14 years and older.
8. Entries to these events are limited. These limits are determined by SANParks.
9. Only online entries are accepted, within the dates stipulated on the website. Entries close the moment the entry limits are reached.
10. No on the day entries are available.
11. Runners running without entries are regarded as trespassing and action can be taken against them by OMTOM and/or SANParks.
12. Runners are required to run with a registered RaceTec timing chip.
13. The issued race bibs must be visible at all times and worn on the front and back of the upper outer garment. ASA licences (permanent or temporary) do not need to be displayed
14. Age category tags will be included on the race bib. No other age category tags need be displayed.
15. To reduce congestion on the course, participants will be started in batches based on the seeding times submitted with the entry. Aspirant prize winners must start in the same (first) batch to ensure competition on a gun-to-mat basis. Any athlete who believes they should be in the first batch must arrange this at Registration. No changes will be made on the day of the race.
16. There will be marshals on the route for your safety, but not necessarily at all intersections. The route will be clearly marked.
17. There is a race sweeper for each race that will run behind the last runner and will clean the course.
18. There will be official medical personnel on the route and at the finish line to assist with any injury or health problem during the race.
19. For the safety of runners, convenience of the public and efficiency of medical/race personnel there will be cut off times at specific places on the route. These times will be made available at registration. Competitors who miss the cut off will not be allowed to continue on the course "on their own responsibility" as it totally defeats the point of having the cut off in the first place.
20. Runners are required to carry basic compulsory kit:
a. Water – Carry at least 2 Litres
b. Food – Energy Bar/ Sandwich/ Banana.
c. A cell phone charged with organiser's number in Ziplock bag. (021 937 0324 – emergencies only)
d. Windbreaker
e. Space Blanket + Whistle
a. Water – Carry at least 1 Litre
b. A cell phone charged with organiser's number in Ziplock bag. (021 937 0324 – emergencies only)
c. Windbreaker
21. This compulsory kit will be checked at the Start and may be verified at any time during the race or at the Finish. Athletes that do not have the compulsory kit when checked may be disqualified.
22. The use of hiking poles is permitted.
23. Runners who decide to withdraw at any stage of the race must inform the race organiser or marshal immediately.
24. Although there will be two water refill points on the long trail route and one water point on short trail route, runners are required to carry appropriate and suitable hydration with them.
25. There will be toilets at the start/finish and at all other times runners should be sensitive to the environment, the public and other participants.
26. Assistance from non-competitors (seconds) may only be provided at official aid stations.
Participants may receive minor assistance from other competitors at any time.
Direct physical assistance in order to intentionally improve the result of another competitor is specifically excluded, including but not limited to pushing, the use of ropes, poles and bungee cords for towing, and carrying the compulsory kit for another participant.
27. Treatment by the event appointed medical staff may take place at any point on the course and shall not be deemed to be assistance except if fluids or medicines are administered intravenously – such intravenous treatment shall make the recipient ineligible for position and performance prizes.
28. An athlete shall retire from an event if ordered to do so by the official medical staff, identified by armbands, vests or similar distinctive apparel.
29. For safety reasons the use of personal music players with headphones during trail races is not allowed. Persons using them in contravention of IAAF Rule 144.3b will not be eligible for performance prizes.
30. Prize giving will be done once all category prize runners have crossed the line.
31. Runners are required to follow the route markers and stay on the marked route. Should a runner make a wrong turn, the runner is required to return to the correct route. Any alternative to this shall be deemed a short-cut and that runner faces the possibility of disqualification).
32. Time and position results will only count for those runners having completed the correct course, subject to the discretion of the race director.
33. Runners not following the route, and where this misdirection was found not to be due to erroneous course marking, shall be disqualified).
34. Any appeal by a runner regarding another participant not following the correct route must be received by the race director within 10 minutes of the runner finishing.
35. For protests and appeals the ASA appeal process (Rule 15) will apply.
a. Any protest regarding the competition should be made verbally to the referee/organiser who must consider the merits of the matter.
b. An appeal must be made within 30 minutes of the announcement of the decision of the referee/organiser.
c. The appeal must be in writing setting out what is in dispute. The appeal must be accompanied by a deposit of R200.
d. A Jury of Appeal will be convened consisting of at least 3 experienced persons, one of whom will chair the process.
e. The jury will hear the matter, calling witnesses and evidence as required.
f. The jury will make a decision, which shall be final.
g. If the appeal has been successful the deposit shall be returned. If unsuccessful the deposit shall be forfeited to charity.
36. Prize money will be transferred into the runner's bank account once full doping results are received.
1. The IFR is open to International and African runners who are participating in either of the main races.
2. Athletes who qualify for the IFR are allowed to have up to 5 guests run the IFR at a nominal fee.
3. IFR is open for registration at the Expo up until the day before the event.
4. No registration and no number collection can be facilitated on event day.
5. There are no results and timing services for this fun run.
FeedbackLast updated 16 November 2015
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Reviewed By David S (BEMIDJI, MN) Reviewed for a 2008 Ford F-150 —3/19/2015 9:12 AM
I put the kit in this last week. Everything went as the instructions said and it took about 4 hours working at a conferrable pace as I have learned to do. The truck sits 3 inches higher; much more level and there is much better clearance. I had to put an extension on my plow mount and will have to adjust my headlights. I had the truck aligned as per the instructions. They did everything I wanted them to do.


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Plano Animal Services nurses neglected dog back to health
A severely malnourished dog that underwent months of rehabilitation with the help of Plano Animal Services is looking for a new home.
The boxer mix named Red is now healthy enough to be adopted. But Plano officials caution he will still need extra care as he continues to recuperate. A special adoption process has been set up for Red to ensure he goes to owners who can provide for him and his future needs.
"He is a very sweet dog, very loving," Animal Services manager Jamey Cantrell said.
Last year, an animal control officer checking on a complaint of animal cruelty found Red in poor health at a Plano home. The owner surrendered the dog to Plano Animal Services on Oct. 7. The owner was also cited for inhumane treatment, which carries a fine of up to $500. The case is pending in municipal court.
The move to animal services was just the beginning of the road to recovery for Red, who is believed to be about 2 years old. Because Red was malnourished, his bones did not grow properly. He had to have two extensive surgeries to correct problems to one hip and both front elbows. The staff at Plano Animal Services have been nursing Red back to health.
"We've spent, just in medical expenses, a little over $3,000 so far," Cantrell said.
Those costs are being covered through donations that Cantrell's department receives for animals with special needs.
The new owners will have to be willing to continue Red's physical therapy to rebuild his muscles after surgery. There are long-term considerations as well, Cantrell said.
"Any time you have a big dog, especially with damage to its joints, there's a very good likelihood that they will at some point develop arthritis in those joints," he said.
Red's injuries make it likely that arthritis symptoms will start at an earlier age.
Cantrell said Red has also had issues in the past being possessive with food.
"But that's kind of understandable when you are practically starved to death and you don't necessarily want to share what little food you have with others," he said. "But he has made leaps and bounds in improving that. We don't think that will be an issue at all for his future owner."
Finding a dog that has suffered such severe neglect is not typical for Plano Animal Services, Cantrell said. That's why employees there are taking extra precautions to ensure Red goes to a good home.
"Staff just didn't want to give up on him," Cantrell said. "We wanted to do everything we could to show him that not all people are going to treat him that way."
For more information about Red visit Plano Animal Services online or call 972-769-4360.


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Special night planned in Mill Creek
Tygarts Valley girls to don pink uniforms for cancer awareness
February 6, 2013
The Tygarts Valley girls basketball team will host a special event today. The Lady Bulldogs will don white and pink uniforms in their 7:30 p.m....
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A cure for the common troll | Opensource.com
A cure for the common troll
Our bridge into the 21st Century presently houses a nasty creature who demands a toll from the best and brightest in our community. The dreaded troll is a regular denizen of our current system of patent enforcement and he poses serious problems for technology companies. Despite the great expense of patent litigation, trolls are filing increasing numbers of patent suits aimed at technology companies, and particularly aimed at software and related areas of commerce. Their club of choice is the broad, complex, and vague patent claim. There are several means at our disposal, most of which are based on known mechanisms from other areas of the law, for dealing with these trolls, or more diplomatically, these "non-practicing entities."
There have been some efforts to address the troll issue over the last decade or so. The America Invents Act together with the yeoman work of Director David Kappos, brought the U.S. Patent and Trade Office into the 21st century. But those improvements only address half the equation – the prosecution and grant of patent rights. The AIPA minimally addressed enforcement and troll issues, only precluding joinder of defendants unrelated but for a common troll affliction.
Tech companies in certain sectors, particularly those who develop or support Internet-related software, enter a market sector mined with hundreds of thousands of patents. It simply is not feasible for a company to review and clear the field of potentially relevant patents when launching a new technology venture in these sectors.
For example, our patent enforcement system is retarding progression of the Internet and corresponding business growth. The Internet created an entire new and worldwide industry and revitalized old industries. It was largely the brainchild of and continues to flourish in the United States, yet we have also given birth to these trolls who harass and obstruct companies that continue to push innovation on the net.
With the current state of data analytics, parallel processing capabilities, the increasing connectivity of users to the web via mobile devices, and the forthcoming rollout of countless new Internet start-ups, we should be rapidly entering into a new paradigm of a smart Internet, where the most relevant information at any given time finds you.
Unfortunately, much of the relevant Internet foundation technology is infested with patent trolls. Patent trolls are a problem in many technology sectors, not just the Internet, and trolls are multiplying by the dozens.
Some trolls are simply patent-holding litigation entities controlled by trial attorneys that know a good "business" opportunity. Others are owned by business venture capitalists. It is a simple model – an arguably infringed patent can often be purchased for thousands or tens of thousands of dollars.
Since it typically costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars to defend against claims of patent infringement, with potential tremendous downsides, it is rational to pursue a settlement that costs less than the cost of defense, even if there is little merit to the patent itself or to the claim of infringement. Every day, patent trolls obtain large six and seven figure costs of defense settlements from technology companies.
Other of these patent trolls are set up and/or facilitated, at arm's length, by well-established technology companies. They serve to harass and extort their competitors and to serve as a rear guard against savvy start-ups.
Patent trolls are an impediment to innovation. It costs too much to try and avoid them and it costs equally much, if not more, to fail to avoid them. Venture capitalists who have done any amount of due diligence have been known to avoid cutting-edge technology ventures due to the costs associated with a troll attack. Established technology companies spend tens of millions of dollars each year dealing with trolls.
These trolls have a negative effect on our economy. According to a recently published study by researchers at the Boston University School of Law, trolls are associated with a half trillion dollars of lost wealth over the past twenty years. Lost company wealth associated with patent troll litigation now averages $80 billion per year according to these researchers. Trolls create minimal jobs and very little of the wealth transferred to them makes it to inventorsThis exploitation of our patent system harms society, punishes innovative companies, and has created a perverse incentive to acquire vague, over-reaching patents. Patent trolls may succeed at creating windfall profits for their stakeholders, but they retard the growth of technology companies in the most promising technology areas.
I suggest five solutions to cure the common troll:
First, create a compulsory licensing mechanism for patents whose owners are not making competitive use of the technology in those patents. Patent owners should be required to declare the areas or products that incorporate the patented technology. All other non-practiced areas should be subject to a compulsory license fee. (A non-practiced "area" would be a market or technology sector or activity in which the patent owner is not using or licensing the invention rights, though the owner may be using the patent in other "areas.") Licensing rates for patents could be set by patent classification or sub-classification based on industry average licensing rates for each such technology. Again, this would only apply to applications where the patent is not being practiced or voluntarily licensed by the patent owner.
Given the vast number of patents issued, an accused party should have a reasonable, set time after receiving notice of a patent within which to pay for the license going forward. Compulsory licenses are authorized by the treaties we have entered into, and we have significant experience with compulsory licensing of copyrighted works from which to develop an analogous patent mechanism. Uniform rates could be set.
Second, cap past damages for trolls at $1 million per patent and eliminate the possibility of obtaining injunctive relief for infringement of patents that are not in use, or are not used commercially, by the patent owner.
Third, a mandatory fee shifting provision should be put in place where the plaintiff is required to pay the defendant's reasonable defense fees if the plaintiff does not obtain a better recovery than what was offered by the defendant. (Presently, there is such a cost shifting mechanism in place; however, the relevant costs typically are a tiny fraction of the legal fees in a case.)
Fourth, for U.S. domestic defendants, require that suits be brought in the venue where the defendant's primary place of business is located.
Fifth, if a party wants more than limited discovery from the opposing side, particularly for electronically stored information (ESI), the requesting party should pay the cost of production. For large technology companies, ESI production alone can cost into the seven figures.
These measures would provide fair compensation mechanisms for inventors and patent owners who have not commercially exploited their patents, would de-incentivize the current parasitic non-practicing entity business model, and would lower the risks and burdens that technology companies presently face, freeing capital for research, hiring and other beneficial expenditures.
25 Comments
No patents.
They cause nothing but abuse. Society is better off without them.
"While I think the system needs further reform, elimination goes too far."
No it doesn't. I worked in the software industry for 25 years before the American Supreme Court invented software patents. The software patent system does not give the software industry a single advantage over the pre software patent years. Describing the disadvantages that software patents bring to the software industry would fill a book. Everything is to be gained by abolishing software patents and absolutely nothing is to be lost.
Steve Stites
Do strong IPR regimes lead to new technologies, or do new technologies lead to strong IPR regimes?
Why do american lawyers turn around the pot of software patents?
The state should not intervene in the software market, furthermore not telling programmers what they are allowed to type on their keyboard.
I type and I execute what I want on programmable machines.
No, all software are algorithms. This is the works of Alan Turing and John von Neumann. They are no exceptions. Since patent law states that algorithms cannot be patented, all software patents are illegal.
I wrote about this a while back (I'd be interested in your views) and I'd generally agree with your points (especially about removing access to injunctive relief). I do think there's another problem to be tackled, though. Trolls use income from early shake-downs to fund larger attacks. Steps to erode that war-chest are important.
So for example I'd want to make it easier for those who settle out of court to recover the money they paid when the patents involved are later invalidated. I think that simple move would itself make trolls rarer.
Right now, licencess can negotiate for such warranties.
I think you mean "they can try". But in most cases the troll has them over a barrel with the threat of injunctive relief, and I'm not aware of any actually doing so.
Are you aware of any mechanisms presently used that compel warranties, in an IPR context or otherwise?
No, I'm not. This is the reason for my proposal; create an automatic right to such a warranty.
All of Anthony Biller's points condemning patent trolls can also be applied to any company which holds software patents and is not classified as a patent troll. The only difference between the two classes of software patent holders is that patent trolls are invulnerable to counter attack from their victims' own software patent portfolio.
One of the reasons that companies amass software patent portfolios is to provide a counter weapon against software patent aggressors. Software patent troll invulnerability to this type of defence is annoying to companies which have spent a lot of money amassing software patents partially as a defence in the software patent wars. Thus they are prone to taking the position which Anthony Biller advocates that software patent trolls are evil and all other software patent holders are good guys.
Whether the intentions of the individual software patent holders are good or evil is overshadowed by the fact that collectively they are a tremendous drag on the software industry. Each software patent holder would be well off if they were the only one holding software patents, thus the campaign to eliminate at least some of the competition. But when everyone has software patents then each individual software patent holder is worse off than if nobody had software patents.
Steve Stites
There are two major ways to protect intellectual property, patents and copyright. Software has always been protected by copyright and it has always worked well. When the American Supreme Court invented software patents then software became the only intellectual property field to include both patents and copyright.
Abolishing software patents will not leave software denuded of any intellectual property protection. Software will still be protected by copyright which is already well established and works well.
Steve Stites
"It simply is not feasible for a company to review and clear the field of potentially relevant patents when launching a new technology venture in these sectors."
Hence, software patents are not only harmful but useless. In other fields, a company willingly searches relevant patents because licensing is generally cheaper than reinventing.
Explicitly prohibited (software is math) by law, software patents exist only due to tortured case law built on pre-Gödelian mathematical ignorance.
"I plan on writing a post attempting to make the point that being an advocate for open source does not mandate universal hostility to software patents "
I was hostile to software patents for ten years before I ever heard of open source.
Steve Stites
Patents, software or otherwise are killing this world, along with the stock market.
If I should patent the human biology make-up, and sue you all for copying me!
Perhaps complementary to patent law for rewarding intellectual work are outright awards, as in the Nobel prize. These can reward accomplishment, instead of promise. A more extensive system of awards could inspire good work without slowing or stopping progress.
While it's not just software patents that are the issue, they certainly seem to be the most abused by trolls. The remedies are useful but don't address the fundamental issue of the patent office issuing patents that are overly broad and vague. A well functioning patent environment is essential to the protection of intellectual property, however it must be limited to true original non-obvious works.
in addition upon granting a patent the grantee should have a very limited time to put the patent to use or loose the protection of the patent.
Saying patents are good because countries with strong patent laws have shown most progress in research/inventions in the last 100 years, is about the same like saying Switzerland (and its banks) did everything right during WW2, because they did not loose soldiers or civilian lives, and they got much richer.
if there are countries with strong, and countries with weak patent laws, then everyone who is big enough to be able to choose, will of course invent his stuff in countries with strong patent laws. that does not mean that they are good for inventions/research, as there will not be more or better inventions because of that, but that these countries are "stealing" profits/workload from others by using nasty... or at least morally highly questionable tricks, for nothing else but personal material benefits.
I disagree about patents always being bad. When functioning properly, patents move inventions from trade secrets to patented public knowledge to public domain. The objective test of whether patents are working properly is whether companies search patents to avoid reinventing the wheel, or avoid searching patents to avoid triple damages (because the patent disclosures are useless junk, like with software patents).
Software patents do not belong in general discussion of patents, because they are specifically prohibited but then allowed again through mathematically ignorant case law. And software is already appropriately protected under copyright. Software patents are an abuse of the legal system.
The next thing you know, someone will patent a business method that discloses a marketing strategy for stories about boy wizards, it will be challenged because you can't (yet) patent story genres, the patent will be upheld because the story genre isn't the sole basis of the patent, and this will then be used to make story genres patentable through case law.
My hair brained solution to patent abuse, is to grant patents *only* at the request of a 3rd party, rather than the inventor. Until then, the invention must remain a trade secret to be protected. So Stradovarious invents his trade secret violin construction method. When competitors see how effective it is, they (not the Stradovarious company) file a patent request on the method. Stradovarious must then disclose the method, but gets 17 years patent protection, and can charge licensing fees to competitors using it.
This would completely eliminate the patent troll, as only actually useful methods would ever get patented, but would of course have many other side effects compared to the current system. One variation is to give Stradovarious the choice of patenting, or continuing to keep it as a trade secret (and competitors would sweeten the pot with ever higher licensing fees offered). This would eliminate the troubling aspect of making them disclose their secret. What do you think?
A little thinking like a troll, and I see a flaw. A troll company could secretly collude with another shell company to have them request a stupid patent - and then start demanding license fees.
Much as I believe that innovation is accelerated and improved without the impediment of patents, it is the system we currently have.... for better but mostly for worse. And the worse includes the subject of this post, namely the patent trolls.
Changing the laws around intellectual property will take time, and it will take patience and forbearance as we as community members and individuals build confidence and trust in each other through collaboration and sharing.
In the meantime we should look to the tactical battles that need to be won and the damage wreaked by Patent Trolls is one that should and can be fought today. Anthony Biller's suggestions are a very good start, augmented by Simon and others in the comments section. Maybe it wont win the bigger argument but we must stop the hemorrhaging of our nation's wealth and energy and these simple steps might just stem the flow. These steps may also initiate alternative or augmented approaches that eradicate trolls completely, but that is for steps 2 and beyond.
You have my support now what else can I or anyone else do to translate these thoughts into action?


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on February 13, 2013 - 1:00 AM
Wednesdays in winter, I go nowhere slow. It's "hill day" in the spinning class where I go to sweat out the short days with 24 friends. As we turn the red tension knobs on our stationary bikes, I think about the Boston Hills in summer. I'm there in my mind as the studio windows start to fog.
There's Behm, Burr and Brown – but let's start with a road at the other end of the alphabet – Zimmerman. If you're going up it slow enough, you can actually read the historical marker at the foot of the hill that headlines the 1843 typhoid epidemic – traced to a nearby well – that killed 10 of the town's 43 residents. Back in class, we squeeze filtered water from plastic bottles and take our tension up a turn.
A few pedal strokes farther up the road, a second marker memorializes the murder of John Love, a seaman, by the Thayer brothers, who were hanged for their crime in 1825. I recall reading that, until the January 1991 rally for the Bills after their first Super Bowl, the hanging attracted the largest crowd ever seen in Niagara Square. We take our tension up another turn.
Of course, instead of Zimmerman, you could head out Back Creek and go up Mill Street, maybe the steepest and shortest (but not the hardest and longest) climb in the area. It rises about 500 feet in half a mile, the height of the tallest building in downtown Buffalo. In class, that would be the equivalent of two full turns up.
Or, you could head in the opposite direction and up Boston Cross (not to be confused with its easier-to-climb sister, Boston-Colden). A historical marker there commemorates the birthplace of "Lark" Ellen Beach Yaw, 1868-1947, a world-famous coloratura soprano who is credited with having sung the highest note ever achieved by the human voice. Contrast that with the chorus of low notes that punctuate our efforts indoors. Someone has traced a smiley face on the window – have a nice hill day, grunt, grunt, grunt. I wonder what Lark Ellen would have thought of Lady Gaga, whose music is blasting from the studio sound system.
Colden is home to one of the more daunting climbs south of town, Heath, a hill that's been the undoing of many a warrior from planet spandex. Unwary riders have been known to have the whoa-Nellie experience of their front wheels lifting clear off the ground. First-timers have been known to express their surprise in intensely colorful language. This isn't an issue indoors with 40-pound flywheels on our (almost) immovable bikes. And, hey, is that snow I see falling through the negative space of the smiley face? We take it up one full turn.
Which brings us to Liebler, the king of climbs in the Boston Hills. Murders, epidemics, seasonal affective disorder, lawyer advertising, nuclear ambitions, wide right – all are forgiven during this hardest and longest of local ascents. It, too, has a historical marker at the bottom, but it's quickly forgotten as we adapt to the hill's 25 percent grade by zigzagging up it like paperboys delivering yesterday's news. A steep first pitch is succeeded by a crueler and more unusual second, and it's still a long slog to the top. But ah, the top! And ah, the view!
Whew. We take all the tension off our spinning bikes. Someone has added an exclamation point to the smiley face, making it look like a "10" with a typo. It's all downhill from here.
But that's another story.


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Philosophical Foundations of Health Education
448 pages
December 2009, ©2010, Jossey-Bass
Philosophical Foundations of Health Education covers the philosophical and ethical foundations of the practice of health education in school, community, work site, and hospital settings, as well as in health promotion consultant activities. The book presents personal philosophies of health educators, essential philosophical perspectives, and a range of philosophical issues that are relevant to health education practice. Philosophical Foundations of Health Education is organized around the five major philosophical traditions: cognitive-based, decision-making, behavior change, freeing/functioning, and social change. Co-published with the American Association for Health Education, this important work is an essential resource for student and professional. Each section contains a challenge to the reader that suggests critical thinking questions to reinforce the key points of the chapter, invite comparison with other perspectives, reflect on the implications of the perspective, note themes that run through the chapters, and consider practical applications of the various philosophical approaches.
Table of Contents
Part 1: Philosophical Perspectives in Health Education.
1 This I Believe: A Philosophy of Health Education (Loren B. Bensley Jr.).
2 Philosophical Bases for Health Education (J. Keogh Rash).
3 Three Essential Questions in Defining a Personal Philosophy (R. Morgan Pigg Jr.).
4 Health Education as a Basic (Carl E. Willgoose).
5 Some Guiding Principles on Health and Health Education: A Philosophical Statement (Charles R. Carroll).
6 The Holistic Philosophy and Perspective of Selected Health Educators (Stephen B. Thomas).
Part 2: Developing a Philosophy of Health Education.
7 Connecting a Personal Philosophy of Health to the Practice of Health Education (Becky J. Smith).
8 Health Educators and the Future: Lead, Follow or Get Out of the Way (Noreen M. Clark).
9 Health Education and Health Promotion: A Look at the Jungle of Supportive Fields, Philosophies, and Theoretical Foundations (Thomas C. Timmreck • Galen E. Cole • Gordon James • Diane D. Butterworth).
10 Philosophical Trends in Health Education: Implications for the 21st Century (Helen M. Welle • Robert D. Russell • Mark J. Kittleson).
Part 3: Cognitive Approaches in Health Education.
11 Teaching for Understanding in Health Education: The Role of Critical and Creative Thinking Skills within Constructivism Theory (Valerie A. Ubbes • Jill M. Black • Judith A. Ausherman).
12 The Paradigm Shift Toward Teaching for Thinking: Prospective, Barriers, Solutions, and Accountability (Bette B. Keyser • James T. Broadbear).
13 Historical Steps in the Development of Modern School Health Program (Kenneth E. Veselak).
14 Philosophy and Principles of the School Health Program (Delbert Oberteuffer).
Part 4: Changing Behavior in Health Education.
15 Behavioral Health Education: An Emerging Opportunity (Carl I. Fertman).
16 Healthy Behavior: Implications of a Holistic Paradigm of Thinking Through Bodymind Research (Don Read • Walt Stoll).
17 Problem-Based Learning: Catalyst for Behavioral Change (J. Frederick Garman • Carol J. Teske • Duane A. Crider).
18 Health Promotion and Empowerment: Reflections on Professional Practice (Ronald Labonte).
Part 5: Freeing/Functioning in Health Education
19 Health Education as Freeing (Jerrold S. Greenberg).
20 Democracy—The First Principle of Health Promoting Schools (Andy Anderson • Barbara Ronson).
21 Human Ecology and Health Education (Howard S. Hoyman).
22 Spiritual Wellness, Holistic Health, and the Practice of Health Education (Steven Hawks).
Part 6: Social Change in Health Education.
23 New Health Promotion Movement: A Critical Examination (Ann Robertson • Meredith Minkler).
24 Potential Untapped: Health Education and Health Promotion as a Means to Peace (Daniel Leviton).
25 Putting Politics Back in Public Health Education (Martha L. Coulter • Terrance Allbrecht • Elizabeth Gulitz • Mary Figg • Charles Mahan).
26 Health Care Reform: Insights for Health Educators (Thomas O'Rourke).
27 The Role of Health Education Associations in Advocacy (M. Elaine Auld • Eleanor Dixon-Terry).
28 The Role of Health Education Advocacy in Removing Disparities in Health Education (John P. Allegrante • Donald E. Morisky • Behjat A. Sharif).
29 Lessons from Developing Countries: Health Education in the Global Village (Helda Pinzon-Perez).
Appendix A Philosophy of Health Education Grid.
Appendix B Philosophy of Health Education: A Position Statement of the American Association of Health Education (AAHE).
Appendix C Health Literacy: A Position Statement of the American Association of Health Education (AAHE).
Appendix D Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession
Appendix E CHES Questions.
Part References.
Author Information
Jill M. Black, PhD, CHES, is an associate professor in the Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance at Cleveland State University and coordinator of the Community Health Education Program. She is a fellow of the American Association for Health Education.
Steven R. Furney, EdD, MPH, is a professor of Health Education and director of the Division of Health Education at Texas State University. He is a fellow of the American Association for Health Education.
Helen M. Graf, PhD, is an associate professor and undergraduate program director in the Department of Health and Kinesiology at Georgia Southern University.
Ann E. Nolte, PhD, Distinguished Professor, emerita, of Health Education in the Department of Health Sciences at Illinois State University, was a fellow of the American Association for Health Education and the American School Health Association.
American Association for Health Education is the premier national organization for health educators and other professionals who promote the health of all people, with 5,500 health educators in school, college, research, community, medical, and industry settings.
— Dixie Dennis, Ph.D., CHES, Austin Peay State University
"Finally! A book that clearly and critically collates the
various philosophical foundations for the health education
profession! Will assist budding (and mature) health educators in
identifying and creating their own philosophy of health education
practice. Bravo to the insightful editors and authors!"
— Carolyn P. Parks-Bani, PhD, Community Health Educator, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
"A captivating compilation of readings that presents diverse
perspectives from past and present leaders on philosophical issues
in health education. It is a much-needed addition to our
professional literature that will serve as an essential resource
for courses addressing the foundations and history of our
— David A. Birch, PhD, CHES, East Carolina University
"Philosophical Foundations of Health Education is an essential,
comprehensive collection useful for any Health Education
professional preparation program."
— Judy C. Drolet, PhD, CHES, FASHA, FAAHE, Southern Illinois University Carbondale


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Microsoft DevRadio: (Part 3) Practical Azure with Jim O'Neil–Why do we need Drives?
- Posted: Nov 19, 2012 at 4:00AM
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In Part 3 of his Windows Azure series, Jim O'Neil offers us some practical advice on why you need Windows Azure Drives and how they leverage the Blob Storage container. Tune in as Jim demos for us how create a CloudDrive and shows us how it can impact your virtual environment.
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Three Bayfield High School wrestlers survived the opening day of the annual Sand Devil Tournament in Page, Ariz., on Friday.
The trio will wrestle in the tournament semifinals Saturday morning.
Two other Wolverines remain alive in the consolation brackets.
�We�ve had better days,� Bayfield head coach Todd McMenimen said.
�We had some kids who just didn�t show up to wrestle,� McMenimen said. �It�s probably the most disappointing weekend we�ve had.�
Tyler Beebe (120 pounds), Colter McMenimen (126) and Matt Eckstein (heavyweight) won their matches Friday for Bayfield to reach the tournament semifinals.
�I�m most impressed with Tyler. He looked good,� Todd McMenimen said. �Tyler was the one who stepped it up.�
He�ll take on a wrestler from Camp Verde, Ariz., on Saturday morning.
Eckstein also will take on a Camp Verde wrestler in Saturday�s tournament semifinals.
Colter McMenimen will take on a hometown wrestler from Page in the 126-pound semifinals.
Michael Goodman (182) and Matt Certes (220) will continue wrestling in the consolation bracket for the Wolverines.


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Just about everybody likes a good comeback story. It seems that Americans in particular like to build people up just so they can tear them down and then build them back up again, particularly in the world of politics.
Some people are so charismatic that nothing seems to damage their reputation (example: JFK). Bill Clinton, who engaged in the most salacious activities, lied about it and got impeached while enduring worldwide ridicule, is once again hanging ten while riding the wave of sentiment and popularity.
It's even likely that President George W. Bush, who is essentially devoid of personal scandal but is probably one of the most unpopular of all presidents, will experience a resurgence of sorts if for no other reason than keeping America safe after 9/11.
I'd say Americans are generally willing to forgive or favorably re-evaluate almost anyone as long as they aren't outright criminals, sociopaths, child molesters or egregiously fallen members of the cloth. People like O.J. Simpson, Jim Bakker and others aren't going to experience a Clintonian-like rise in the popularity ranks anytime soon.
As an aside, I've heard it said that Clinton is just unbelievable when it comes to making a one-on-one charm impression. That is to say, no matter how much you think you don't like the guy, no matter how much negative bias you might harbor, that it all goes out the window with a handshake and few brief moments of conversation. You're just completely snowed over like an avalanche. Hillary knows it. That's why she watches him so closely.
Will it work?
Be that as it may, it will be interesting to observe to what extent voters, particularly female, are willing to give former Gov. Mark Sanford a "pass" on the May 7 congressional election. Sanford has never lost an election, and the question is whether he can hang on and win this one.
He's hauling around so much baggage, though, that perhaps not just a few women seem unable to abide him anymore. I know several who are staunchly conservative and staunchly Republican and who will do the remarkable by voting for Elizabeth Colbert Busch purely on the basis of moral principle. And the same thing applies to men, although not as many.
Significant? We'll see. It's pretty clear that he's in trouble and the electorate may not be ready for a comeback, at least not yet.
Preserving history
On the preservation front, there's a movement afoot to have the Old Georgetown Road placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The approximately 12-mile section between the South Santee River and Buck Hall is one of the longest remaining unpaved stretches of the original King's Highway that ran between Boston and Charleston.
Haven't driven it? Well, it's an absolutely beautiful area, so pristine and remote that people transported in time from 200 years ago wouldn't be able to tell much of a difference.
According to language in an actual application submitted to the National Register, the original road was an Indian trading path known as the Sewee Broad Path and associated with the Sewee Indians who lived on the 30-mile strip between Charleston Harbor and the Santee River. Washington described it as "sand and pine barrens, with very few inhabitants" in his diary as he traveled the road during his 1791 tour of the Southern states.
S.C. poet laureate Archibald Rutledge sang thusly of the c. 1768 St. James-Santee "Brick" Church in the middle of the proposed conservation area as "a shrine in the wilderness, flanked on three sides by the immense loneliness of the pine forest."
Many notable American patriots would have traveled this historic thoroughfare, including Rebecca Motte; also political and military leaders such as Thomas Lynch, Jr. (of Peachtree Plantation) and Edward Rutledge, both of whom signed the Declaration of Independence; Revolutionary War Brig. Gen. Francis Marion and Gen. William Moultrie; and Govs. John Rutledge and Thomas Pinckney.
The area also would have been traversed by Lord Cornwallis and British Army Col. Banastre Tarleton ("Bloody Ban").
French Huguenots would settle in or about the area following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which previously had allowed Protestants limited worship rights.
There are early references to names such as "Eugee" (later Huger), Gaillard and Horry. These and others became prominent South Carolina names and helped lay the groundwork for the burgeoning rice industry that evolved into an economic powerhouse.
But it was time and labor intensive. After harvesting rice, enslaved Africans used mortars and pestles to separate the rice grain from the hull and the bran in small quantities at a time. Upon his arrival from England, millwright Jonathan Lucas invented a mill used in the area that harnessed water power to turn millstones and process rice in much greater quantities and much more quickly than had been possible through strict manual labor. The first one went up at Peachtree in 1787.
These are just a few of the historical tidbits affiliated with Old Georgetown Road. But see it for yourself. Take a drive up there and enjoy an unspoiled area that's home to history and the wanderings of one's imagination.
Edward M. Gilbreth is a Charleston physician. Reach him at edwardgilbreth@ comcast.net.


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About TeachersFirst
Thinking Teachers Teaching Thinkers®
TeachersFirst is a free, advertising-free teacher resource web site offered as a service to teachers by The Source for Learning, a non-profit learning and technologies corporation. Our value-added reviews and teacher-friendly site have been helping teachers since 1998, sharing the best of the web and our own original content along with practical implementation ideas and best practices for effective integration of technology as a tool for teaching and learning. We have an international audience and a strong reputation for providing and recommending high quality resources.
TeachersFirst is written and edited entirely by experienced, professional educators. All our resources are reviewed by teaching professionals with relevant experience. TeachersFirst's own units and lessons have been developed for actual classrooms, in consultation with practicing professionals or by the teachers themselves. See a partial list of the many of the professional educators who write and edit the content and reviews on our site.


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Expanding Use of NGS Has Largely...
LC-MS Gains Favor Due To the...
Developers of DTC Genetic Testing Are...
Wall Street Decline Takes Its Toll...
As budgets tighten, throughputs increase, and downstream protocols become more exacting, serious efforts are being made to make the most of nucleic acid sample preparation. Whether it's different devices to gather clinical or potential bioterror samples, innovative methods to enrich and purify samples, better ways to mash them up, or efficient ways to move them about, researchers at Knowledge Foundation's "Sample Prep" meeting, held recently in San Diego, had much to talk about.
A lot has been made lately of next- (second) generation sequencing, characterized as being faster, cheaper, and more massively parallel than Sanger sequencing. Yet next-gen sequencing generally suffers from relatively short DNA read lengths.
FLIR Systems is gearing up for next-next (third) generation sequencing. Many of these newer sequencers will require DNA inputs that are in the tens, if not hundreds, of kilobases in length, said senior laboratory scientist Milena Iacobelli Martinez.
Working under a grant from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to develop technology for detecting biothreats, FLIR has created an automated sample-preparation device that isolates 20–50 kb DNA. The prototype uses a single disposable cartridge to input up to 1 mL samples, and it lyses spores, vegetative cells, and viruses by a combination of chemical and mechanical means. It's "really a compromise" between using enough strength to break open the spores and yet not overshear the DNA, she pointed out.
DNA in the lysate then gets concentrated using Boreal Genomics' SCODA technology that is integrated into the prototype. "Their technology allows high molecular weight DNA to be isolated and low molecular weight DNA to be rejected," Martinez explained. "In the end you get the concentrated DNA sample in a low volume (about 50 microliters), free of PCR inhibitors that you find in environmental samples and in clinical samples as well."
Shorter DNA is likely to compete with and perhaps saturate out the longer strands, she said. It's critical to remove the low molecular weight DNA before it gets to the sequencer, otherwise "you're really not utilizing the full potential of the long-read technology."
By switching run parameters on the SCODA, the instrument can also be used to concentrate all the nucleic acids, says Martinez, "so that it can be used for next-gen sequencing as well."
SCODA—which stands for synchronous coefficient of drag alteration—takes advantage of the fact that nucleic acids undergo a dramatic, nonlinear, physical change under an electric field. "This distinguishes them physically from other molecules: proteins, humic acid in soil, polysaccharides—whatever you might have that could be inhibitors of downstream analysis," said Andre Marziali, Boreal Genomics' president and CSO.
Instead of relying on the more traditional solid-phase extraction—binding to a surface, washing, and eluting—SCODA "is taking DNA in a gel and focusing it to a spot at the center." Meanwhile inhibitors, even those with similar chemical properties, either pass out of the gel or don't enter it at all.
In his talk, Dr. Marziali, who is also director of engineering physics at the University of British Columbia, focused on a new Boreal development: sequence-specific extraction. By encoding a specific sequence in the gel itself, the instruments can enrich for that target. Single-stranded DNA is run on a gel at the melting temperature of the target probe duplex—the target is slowed down, but does not stick for very long. "What we're really doing is we're driving hundreds of thousands of hybridizations that cumulatively cause a focusing force on the target."
Among other opportunities, Dr. Marziali is looking toward medical diagnostics. A pathogen may be present in a few copies per milliliter of a clinical blood sample containing 100 µg of human DNA in the background, and "we believe that we can enrich for the pathogen DNA, leaving the human DNA behind," Dr. Marziali said. Similarly, disease markers can be enriched in cancer patients' blood, as can fetal DNA taken from a maternal sample—situations "where ultimately the inhibitors are not now blood components, they're really human DNA.
"If we put a pool of DNA into our instrument that has, say, two sequences that differ by a single nucleotide, we can enrich our targeting against a single nucleotide mismatch by about 10,000 fold. In fact, we're so specific that we can distinguish two sequences that differ by a single methylation site."
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Quinoa Medley with Beans & Corn
Quinoa (pronounced keen-wah) has come to be highly appreciated for its nutritional value, and the United Nations has classified it as a supercrop for its very high protein content. It is also wheat- and gluten-free!
I made this recipe last night (available in the current Vegetarian Times.) Hubby can't wait to have leftovers for lunch today. Gray, our 15-month old, couldn't get enough of it either! You can find quinoa in the natural foods section of the grocery store. It cooks just like rice!
1 1/4 cups quinoa
1 15 oz. can black beans, drained & rinsed
1 cup frozen corn
1/2 cup fresh chunky salsa, divided (store-bought fresh salsa can be found in the produce aisle)- I also used more than 1/2 cup with this recipe! I'd say add as much as you like!
1 tsp. chili powder
1/4 cup chopped cilantro
2 Tbs. olive oil
lime wedges, for garnish
1. Bring 2 cups water to a boil in saucepan. Stir in quinoa, cover, and reduce heat to medium. Simmer 10 minutes.
2. Add beans, corn, 1/4 cup salsa, and chili powder; season with salt & pepper. Return to a boil. Cover & cook 2-5 minutes or until quinoa is tender.
3. Stir in cilantro, oil, and remaining salsa. Serve with lime wedges.
I like to add extra hot sauce to mine, and lots of lime juice. It's dee-lish!
Serves 4. Per serving: 386 calories, 13G protein, 10G total fat
You can also get a cheap subscription to Vegetarian Times for only $4.69 per year thanks to Best Deal Magazines! Their recipes are the absolute BEST!


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On Target - 300 Whisper®
Black Tactical Upper Available
Features & Benefits
- Manufactured on the M&P15 modern sporting rifle platform.
- Chambered in .300 Whisper®
Will also safely fire .300 AAC Blackout.
- Very effective, short range round (approx. 200 yards) for hunting deer-sized game.
- Tactical application for the cartridge is for short-range target shooting.
- Low recoil and muzzle blast.
- Designed to operate with or without sound suppressor.
- Barrel threaded to 5/8-24.
- A2-Style Flash Suppressor
- Feed ramps and gas system optimized to run efficiently with a full range of factory loaded sub-sonic and super-sonic ammunition, both suppressed and unsuppressed.
- Barrel twist rate (1 in 7.5") is compatible with a wide variety of bullet weights from 110 to 220+ grains.
Availability subject to applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances.


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Source: Defense News
quote: But can't say I feel bad for Lockheed.
quote: Imagine if Halliburton were contracted to build a new interstate
quote: Multirole stealth planes? Not so much.
quote: I don't know what you are not getting about the "multi-roll" aspect here and how it, combined with stealth, ballooned the development costs of the F-35 all to hell.
quote: I don't know why you are defending people who are talking your tax dollars and wasting them.
quote: Some of the greatest fighters and bombers in the world had similar problems early on like you're describing. Hell some had worst!
quote: Correct me if I'm wrong
quote: You've no idea how much I'm dumbing this all down for general consumption.
quote: I named a number of aircraft that each do things the F-35 claims to be able to do.
quote: Are you an aeronautical engineer?
quote: Do you work for Lockheed?
quote: Yes but no single aircraft has ever had to do ALL the things being asked of the F-35 airframe. Hello?
quote: If this were anything other than a defense matter, you'd be demanding the head of each member of the company's board on a platter.
quote: There ain't half as much novel, never seen before things on the JSF as Lockheed Martin would like you to believe.
quote: If you want to get nitty gritty, let's look at your examples:
quote: How many commercially successful fighter planes in existence can you think of that have supersonic capability, VTOL and stealth?
quote: And why point out the 20-30 year age? You honestly think it's possible to design, engineer, build, test, win the govt. contract, and enter mass production in 3-5 years for a fighter plane?
quote: I heard the new russian Air to Air radar can now pick up the f22 at something like 10 miles
quote: Urgh - unfortunately that confidence is at times horribly misplaced.
quote: Like I mentioned before when put in a more "fair" situation where they were flying highly trained german pilots in mig 29's against F18 pilots it was not a slam dunk for the f18 pilots at all.
quote: The Government asked Lockheed to build a shit sandwich, and that's essentially what we got.
quote: It's not Lockheed's fault.
quote: What they should have said was the program will be crippled by requirements A, B and C. It should be split into two programs, completely separate airframes.
quote: Then they wouldn't have gotten the contract probably.
quote: Oh well, it's not my job to enlighten them.


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Top Definition
A human which is new. New babies are more desireable than old ones because they have fresh and exciting modern features, such as power steering. Contact your local baby dealer for more information.
I part exchanged my old baby for this new one.
door squidman 2 januari 2004
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
a baby just born implying that it is indeed new and not like the old baby- where is that thing?
let me hold the new baby while i step on the old one.
door alex 28 december 2003


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Array and Collection Initializers in Visual Basic 2010
- Posted: May 03, 2010 at 8:32AM
Right click "Save as…"
In this interview Spotty Bowles, a tester on the VB Compiler team, shows us a couple of new language features: Array and Collection Initializers. He gives us insight into how they are implemented in the compiler and best practices on how to use them in our
code. Additionally, he discusses how to extend Collection Initializers with your own extension methods.
For more new Visual Basic language features in Visual Studio 2010 see:
Also, stop by the
Visual Basic Team Blog and the
Visual Basic Developer Center.
-Beth Massi, Visual Studio Community
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Skip to main content
Cornell University
Asian Studies Department
more options
Japanese Literature At Cornell
Other Resources
Contact Person:
Erin Kotmel
Phone: 254-5091
Office: 350 Rockefeller Hall
Complete List of Staff
Contact Erin Knuutila or individual course instructors for more information.
Japanese Literature
This category designates courses in which assigned readings and/or visual material are in Japanese.
For undergraduates, most of these courses may be used to fulfill distribution requirements in the humanities, in literature and the arts, historical analysis, or cultural analysis. These courses are not designed to fulfill undergraduate language requirements. For courses in Japanese designed to fulfill undergraduate language requirements, please refer to the courses prefixed JAPAN. For courses in Japanese literature, thought and religion offered in English translation, please refer to courses listed under the prefix ASIAN.
Japanese Literature At Cornell
The program is designed to provide students with a sound foundation in the study of literature and languages in Japan, covering many different historical periods. Primary emphasis is on the reading knowledge of modern Japanese, the acquaintance with various styles and genres of pre-modern texts, and the students conversational competence in contemporary Japanese for academic purposes.
The program ascribes great value to critical and theoretical approaches to the range of topics that is wide in terms of historical as well as disciplinary breadth: regular courses on Japanese intellectual history, film, literature, gender, social history, theater, mass media, religions, education, calligraphy, nationalism, and East Asian popular culture are offered at the 3300, 4400 and 6600 levels. Visiting faculty members have taught advanced courses in other fields such as urban studies, art history, minority studies, and womens literature.
Introductory and advanced language course as well as courses on pre-modern bungo and kanbun are offered annually. Those advanced students who seek to study texts in specific fields are encouraged to take 4400 and 6600 level reading courses for additional proficiency.
Directed study is available, by permission of an instructor, to students engaged in research on a specific topic at the 6600 level courses in Asian Studies (ASIAN) and Japanese Literature, and the program recommends advanced students pursue their study in an interdisciplinary direction, beyond the confines of area studies.
Cornell Area Program Afilliation:
East Asia Program
The East Asia Program represents the faculty of all disciplines at Cornell University devoted to the study of East Asia and provides support for students, library collections, publications, and research and teaching on the socieities of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Last edited by elk38 on Mon Jul 13 2015 at 02:23 PM.


text:
Top Definition
A person who indulges on the higher things in life, something of a higher being,enjoys traveling to the top of buildings also known as something big or epic.Someone addicted to space, Also a rap artist from Buffalo, NY affiliated with Doe Boy Choch, Cut-life & Purple City.
lets do something jetson. go jetson or go home.
od uživatele Nickelcity 19. prosinec 2011
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
the moving runway in airports used to move you from terminal to terminal
After security, take the jetson past terminal B1 to terminal B3
od uživatele Lisa and Sydney 12. červen 2004


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For Employers
Posting Jobs
Job opportunities, internships, and more can be posted on Handshake, a service where Denison students can review and apply for jobs, and employers can view candidates for their job postings at their convenience.
Employers, you can post jobs and connect with Denison students by joining Handshake now!
On-Campus Recruiting
Our On-campus Recruiting program provides employers with an opportunity to interview students from a variety of academic majors who are seeking either full-time or internship opportunities.
One of the most effective methods for recruiting students is to develop and maintaining a visible presence on campus. You can connect with students at Denison University by utilizing the On-Campus Recruiting (OCR) Program, which runs during the months of September, October, November, February, March and April.
If you would like to schedule information sessions, information tables and/or on-campus interviews, please complete the Online Recruiting form. Your request will be followed up in a timely manner to confirm participation and further develop your recruitment plan.
Liberal Arts Career NetWORK (LACN)
Denison University is now a proud member of LACN. The Liberal Arts Career NetWORK (LACN) is a consortium of 31 top liberal arts colleges and universities which collaboratively maximizes technology to develop innovative resources and initiatives, positioning students and graduates for a competitive advantage in the global marketplace.
The LACN job and internship database is the premier source for recruiting 70,000+ high-achieving students from these schools. It is a free and convenient way to market internships, summer positions, and full-time jobs directly to qualified candidates who are actively searching for these opportunities.
Log onto LACN
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*Please mark Denison University as your referring school.
If you need assistance using Handshake or LACN, please contact Kati Bear.
Recruiting Policies & Disclaimer
The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration educates students, alumni, faculty, and staff regarding a wide variety of job search strategies, including third party employment services. Individuals can then determine whether utilizing these services will be of benefit to them.
Definition of third-party recruiter: According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, third-party recruiters are defined as agencies, organizations, or individuals recruiting candidates for temporary, part-time or full-time employment opportunities other than for their own needs. This definition includes, but is not limited to, employment agencies, search firms, contract recruiters, and resume referral firms. (Note: Temporary agencies are not third-party recruiters. They are employers who pay individuals to perform work at a client organization.)
Third-Party Recruiter Services provided by Denison University The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration:
- Third-party recruiters who are hiring for positions within their own organization may have the opportunity to submit their job to be posted online and have access to on-campus recruiting privileges.
- Third-party recruiters who are hiring for positions outside their own organization may have positions posted online provided they disclose the name of the clients they represent within the job descriptions and at the discretion of The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration staff. The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration reserves the right to confirm any information provided about the company hiring.
Conditions: By participating in these services, organizations agree that they will adhere to EEO standards in all recruiting activities, that no fee will be charged to any candidate at any time, and that organizations will not disclose student information under any circumstances to other entities without the student's prior written consent.
Positions that employ students for a private individual (i.e. babysitter, tutor, caretaker, etc.).
Non-degreed student jobs and internships that are compensated only by commission, including independent contractor positions (i.e. that may require the individual to bear product expenses, be responsible for income taxes, and may not guarantee worker's compensation or unemployment insurance).
All positions that require a fee payment or investment prior to employment (i.e. entrepreneurial employers, multi-level marketing/pyramid structured organizations). The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration defines entrepreneurial employers as those organizations that require the job seeker to make an initial financial investment or fee payment as a condition of employment. Entrepreneurial employers also include those organizations that provide financial incentives to staff who recruit new hires for the organization and for which the recruiting staff member receives a portion of the new hire's commission.
The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration defines multi-level marketing/pyramid structured organizations as a way of selling goods and services through distributors. If you sign up to sell the goods or services as a distributor, you will receive commissions for your sales. MLM plans that promise to pay commissions through two or more levels of recruits (i.e. if you receive commissions on both your sales and the sales of people you recruit as distributors) are known as pyramids and are illegal in many states. Furthermore, entrepreneurial employers, multi-level marketing/pyramid structured organizations will not be provided with any online or on-campus recruiting services through The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration at Denison University.
All employers must adhere to:
- National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) Principles of Professional Practice
- Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws and regulations
- Recruitment and employment laws for the state of Ohio and the federal government
- Guidelines established by The Knowlton Center for Career Exploration and Denison University