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Pastor: Williams close to top teams
Pastor Maldonado has high hopes for the 2013 season as believes Williams will be able to give the top teams a run for their money.
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After claiming only five points during a torrid 2011 season, Williams hit back strongly last year with Maldonado winning the Spanish Grand Prix in a campaign that yielded 76 points.
However, the team will be first to admit that there is plenty of room for improvement as they didn't quite manage to reach the lofty Barcelona heights later in the year and generally struggled to string together a decent few races.
Maldonado, though, is optimistic about their chances for the new season and feels they are edging closer to the teams at the front of the grid.
"I think we are quite close to the [other] teams and we showed that last year. We are quite close to the top teams," Maldonado told Sky Sports F1 Online.
"It's always difficult to predict every year - you never know what the others are doing - but if we compare what we did last year and what we are doing for the next season, we have great potential and we feel confident with the package.
"And that is very important to feel confident with yourself and with the team with what you have to start the season.
"I know it's going to be very difficult because the competition is very tight, the driver level is very high as well, so it's going to be one more great season I hope."
With one race win already behind his name, the Venezuelan hopes to get a few more P1s, but he knows they won't come easy with so many quality drivers and teams on the grid.
"We have been pushing so hard the last two years and we must concrete our potential. We won one race last year and I hope to continue like that," he said.
"It's going to be very difficult; the changes in the car are not so big for everybody, the rules are more or less the same, but we've been working so hard and I hope to be more competitive than in the last year. [I have] more experience as well and fingers crossed to have a great season."
"We had a couple of aero problems last year, which is not the case now. We have been pushing so hard on that side to develop the car and now we hope to have a very competitive car - even from the beginning of the season. And I feel ready, ready to do great races."
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Buckhannon man arrested on marijuana charges
October 18, 2013
A Buckhannon man is behind bars after sheriff's deputies seized 8 pounds of marijuana and approximately $4,000 from him over a period of several months....
Notice how "puretragix" only acttacts other commenters? ... never offers an original thought ...
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While alot, they do say "over a period of several months" which implies they were doing multiple purchases.
Meanwhile, we call the police on a strung out loser wandering the streets and all the cops do is move him a few blocks down.
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I will sum this up very quickly and effectively. "Buckhannon man arrested on marijuana charges,meanwhile real criminals are molesting children, blowing up methlabs and stealing to pay for there fix" This man was following suite with 18 states as well as DC thats right the nations capital. Though he had a bit much, focus on real criminals.
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Top Definition
Combination made-up--joke measurement of a centimetre and a millimetre. Based on the Metric system, as used in Canada and Europe.Came by as a mistake my 7 year old made doing measurements in math.
"How long is it,anyway?"
"Oh, about a cillimetre"
"Oh, about a cillimetre"
από Pogmothoin 15 Φεβρουάριος 2009
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It is amazing to me still, how long it takes me to get non-child things done now that I'm a mama. I have only one generally lovely little girl, and I am absolutely smitten with her, and with motherhood, much more than I would have ever thought is possible. But still getting the chance to do whatever I want, whenever I want, is such a rare luxury and a real treat these days!
Often when I hear of others doing the simple things solo - such as taking the bus all by themselves - I am struck by their luxury. Wow! All of that time to just sit and relax and not to be in mama-mode - constantly on call: mentally, physically, and spritually - for one little person's needs... amazing! How lucky! A bus ride. Who would've thought that such a thing could be so grand.
I should really take one of those, all by myself, sometime.
So our new big studio / family art room is taking a while. I thought I would have it all done and cozy and ready to have loads of marvelous making done in it over one weekend or so - it's been 3 now - but there is no coziness. I am growing a little disconcerted with this lack of coziness. And the lack of making!
I really - really - hope to be able to finish setting things all up, and be back making again soon!


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Deborah K. Heyman, 58, most recently of St. Francis Home, Tiffin, died at 5:15 a.m. Friday, Sept. 14, 2012, at Ohio Hospital, Columbus.
She was born March 7, 1954, in Tiffin, to Robert L. and Joan C. (Bookmyer) Heyman.
Survivors include a brother, James Heyman of Tiffin; two sisters, Beverly Hoffman of Knoxville, Tenn., and Barbara (Don) Kin of Tiffin; and several nieces and nephews.
Article Photos
Deborah was a 1974 graduate of Mohawk High School. She worked in assembly at Roppe Rubber, Fostoria, and then later worked at Seneca County Opportunity Center. She was a member of St. Joseph Catholic Church and the Seneca Arrows.
Visitation will be 6-8 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 16, 2012, at Traunero Funeral Home and Crematory, 214 S. Monroe St., Tiffin, Ohio 44883, (419) 447-3113. A wake service will be at 7:45 p.m. at the funeral home.
Prayers will be said at 9:30 a.m. Monday, Sept. 17, at the funeral home. Her funeral Mass will begin at 10 a.m. at St. Joseph Catholic Church, Tiffin, officiated by the Rev. Joseph Szybka. The rosary will be recited 20 minutes prior to Mass at the church. Burial will take place at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Tiffin.
Memorial contributions may be made to Seneca County Opportunity Center, in care of Traunero Funeral Home.
For directions to the funeral home, church, or to leave an online condolence for the family, go to wwww.traunerofuneralhome.com.


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Student Opportunities
Student Teaching Opportunities
Top quality student teaching placements are within minutes of our Naperville campus. Some of the best high school, middle school and elementary school music programs in the state, and even the country, are nearby in DuPage, Will and Kane Counties and serve as sites for our music education majors' clinical experiences.
Want to work with the director of a successful competitive marching band or with an award-winning innovative general music teacher? Or, how about conducting a choir that's hosting an internationally known composer-in-residence?
You'll have opportunities like these when we place you in our area schools for your early clinical or senior student teaching experience.
These are real hands-on teaching experiences, not just "observations" where you mindlessly log hours and take notes. During your junior year, you'll teach at the elementary, middle and high school levels while you take classes to help you develop your teaching skills.
During your senior year, you'll teach full time for one term at both the elementary/middle school and high school levels. In every clinical, you'll be visited and mentored by a North Central supervisor who will provide input and evaluate and celebrate your progress.
By the time you complete your four years, you'll be well prepared to enter the profession because you will have worked with a wide variety of teachers and programs, and you will have had many opportunities to teach from the podium and in the classroom. You will be ready!
Job Placements and Graduate School
Is there musical life after North Central? Absolutely! And, we will help you get there.
While you're here, you will develop a network of professionals — from exemplary teachers to working artists — who will help you as you approach graduation and look for a job or apply to graduate school. Our Career Development Center also provides services to you during your senior year, helping you write a top-notch resume and cover letter and learn about job fairs and job openings.
In the past 10 years, we have close to a 100 percent placement rate for our music education graduates. Some are teaching in Colorado or Wisconsin, some in inner-city Chicago, others in the Chicago suburbs. Our grads are working with Second City in Las Vegas, directing community-based music schools as part of church organizations, and working on advanced degrees at Washington University, Northwestern University, The New England Conservatory, Depaul University, Northern Illinois University, The University of Pittsburgh, Illinois State University, Northeastern University and The University of North Texas. Our music grads are also actively performing in Chicago and New York, in everything from musical theatre to cabaret.
NAfME (formerly MENC) chapter
Our collegiate chapter of the National Association for Music Education (formerly the Music Educators National Conference (MENC)), the largest organization of professional music educators in the world, is open to all North Central students interested in teaching music. Our chapter has received recognition four times from the national MENC office for "Outstanding Chapter Growth" and was elected to serve as the Host Chapter for the State of Illinois from 2001-2003.
As a member of MENC, you'll receive three different professional journals each month featuring articles and resources of interest to music educators. In addition, our MENC chapter hosts guest performing ensembles, speakers and other events throughout the year and travels to the annual Illinois All-State Conference for performances, sessions and exhibits.


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Menstrual Care
Comfortable, chemical-free protection with our reusable menstrual solutions.
Reusable cloth menstrual pads are an economical and environmentally-friendly choice. They are easy to use, easy to wash, and women love how they feel as soft as a cloud when worn. With cloth menstrual pads and reusable menstrual cups you also enjoy safe, chemical-free protection, with incredible comfort. Once you give these a try, you'll never go back to paper menstrual pads or bleached tampons again. Currently pregnant? Nothing is more comfortable and gentle on healing after birth than cloth menstrual pads.
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Planet Wise Mini Wet/Dry Bag
Made in USA:We work with many small, family businesses manufacturing products in the USA. Support for these businesses help strengthen our regional economy and generally offer a lighter footprint for products that would otherwise be sourced overseas.
Non-Toxic:Products for our infants, children and families should not contain toxic chemicals such as BPA, PVC (vinyl), phthalates, lead, cadmium or synthetic fragrances. The reality is, many products brought into our homes do contain toxins we can avoid. Our collection of healthier product alternatives are the safest and best product options we have found.
Sustainable:A healthy planet ensures the future health of our children. While every product we carry is non-toxic, many are also made in whole or in part with recycled (or recyclable) parts and/or components, derived from sustainably harvested forests and may be biodegradable. Most importantly, we prefer products that are reusable first, replacing use and toss items.
Ethics:To recognize the companies that choose to go above and beyond, look for our Ethics standard. These companies exceed our safety and environmental standards, as well as commit to responsible, respectful fair labour, and human rights practices. These companies may also make an outstanding effort to give back to both local and extended communities. Their stories are nothing short of extraordinary.
Practical:We hold our products to the highest standards while also considering the convenience and functionality of each and every one. After much testing by the most worthy individuals (real parents!), these products get a thumbs-up for being the best of the best - practically speaking, of course.
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Top Definition
An act or person that is extremely creepy and repulsive. Typically referring to sexual perversion of the most uncomfortable and unwanted nature. Traumatic experience.
I feel so violated right now, he totally tried to hajas me.
作者 chrishansened 2010年11月15日
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Can you define these popular missing words?
To say something is funny or made you laugh. It is the urban or new age gangsta way to say haha.
HAJA, Yo that shiznit was dope, it cracked me the funk up!
作者 B-Diddy from the NO 2007年10月19日


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Originally posted on LaxSpot on 05/24/2008
What's up ladies and gentlemen?!?!?!?!? Well Week one is over and some of you already know that we lost our first outing 13-9. It was a real bummer because we came back in the third to tie the game at 9 going into the fourth. Then things seemed to unravel. I am not sure if we just ran out of steam or if we just made some mistakes, but either way we did not answer Boston's 4 goal run and let this one slip away.
As a whole however I think we showed some real good things. We played really well for two quarters but really crapped the bed for the other two. Also should note, the Boston fans are crazy. They have this guy who sits right behind the opposing team's bench with a crew and he just rips into whomever he can for the whole 60 mins. AND YES HE FOUND MR. BERRY! I have to say it was the first time I actually have been heckled on this level…what made it worse was that the face-off battle was a pretty fierce one. Jenkins and I went back and forth for four quarters with him finally getting the edge in the fourth…I should also note that this was the first time since day one of training camp that me and my wingmen had a chance to play full field together(also note that Boston had full field scrimmages EVERY WEEK of training camp)…NO EXCUSES THOUGH, Jenkins and his wing men did a great job, as Jenkins always does, he did a great job of tying me up, knowing that I like to get off the X quick….OK back to the heckler, this guy actually had me believing I had barely won any face-offs all night…it was not until much later that I realized that until the fourth quarter I was actually winning the battle . . .and the power of the heckler is pretty interesting!
Anyway I watched Boston vs. Rochester last night and all I can say is WOW, it was like a highlight reel, Rochester and Boston rattled off like 12 diving/trick goals including a one handed underhand behind the back shot by John Grant Jr….seriously check out the highlight, I would not be surprised to see it on ESPN. Anyway I was interested in the Face-off battle for obvious reasons, mostly because I hold Alex Smith in high regard and I wanted to see how he faired against the man who gave me fits the previous week.
Alex and I have the exact same style, in fact I used to train him in high school, so it only makes sense that we would play like each other….WOW, Jenkins laid the smokes to his A$$. I believe Smith was 13/31 at the X which was real surprising…it also made me feel better about being just under 50% against Jenkins. . .I cannot wait to play Jenkins again in June…I'm gonna be a whole new man, since I will have several games under my belt by then, and I will be real hungry, for a piece of him.
I will end with this story…In 2001, my senior year of college and without question my best year of college lacrosse we played UVA in the first game of the season. We lost 11-7 and I was just under 50% in the game against, none other than Dave Jenkins. This was the only sub 50% day I had all year and we ended up in the final four. Later that year, in the MLL Combine I had the chance to play Jenkins again, and went 100% (in only like 6 attempts) but still, it was a WAY different story than in earlier in the season.
I do not believe in coincidences, I do believe that history repeats itself, and I expect to have a great season according to the way this one has started!
Keep tuning in, we play Denver next week and we will have some new faces (I am betting that the two most important ones will be Rabil and Peyser, soo sick) who will likely play a big part in the rest of our season. Wish me luck against Snider! (And as always sorry about the poor spelling!)


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WILLARD - The way Columbian's defense has played this year, many teams would be excited to score a touchdown off it.
But TC safety Nate Hoyda said they shouldn't be.
All it does is make the Tornadoes angry.
"If they get into the end zone, our team gets into it," Hoyda said. "We get pumped if they get into the end zone."
Maybe that explains Friday's events in Willard. Columbian raced out to a 14-0 lead on a 55-yard strike from quarterback Donovan Walker to Josh Flint and a 6-yard Ryan Lynch run.
Willard responded with a 12-play, 65-yard drive that stretched into the second quarter. Dylan Caudill ran in a touchdown from a yard out, and TC's lead was sliced to 14-7.
Willard didn't come close to scoring again, and the Tornadoes improved to 6-1, 4-0 in the Northern Ohio League with a workmanlike 35-7 victory.
Columbian was stout on defense, with junior lineman Joey Moore coming up with two tackles for a loss. The Tornadoes also recovered a fumble.
"All these players stepped up," Columbian running back/linebacker Ryan Lynch said of the team's defense. "[Linebacker] Pauly for sure, he's the hardest hitter on the team, and we're all doing our job and we're getting the plays done."
Lynch had a typical game for him, in that he ran for 156 yards and two touchdowns. But also impressive was the emergence of the Tornadoes passing game. Walker was sharp all night, completing 15 of 20 passes for 255 yards and three touchdowns. One of his favorite targets was Flint, whose score came on TC's first play from scrimmage.
Flint, a senior, said he hasn't played football in years. But he looked like a natural Friday, with four catches for 93 yards.
In his postgame comments, Colatruglio suggested it was the first touchdown caught by Flint "in his life."
"That is 100 percent true," Flint said. "I played in, like, seventh grade, but that was the only year I ever played. I wasn't a big part of that team so I didn't stick with it."
But he's become a big part of things now, as have a number of other receivers. Walker completed passes to seven different teammates. Cody Kimmet was has favorite target, with five catches for 71 yards and a 20-yard fourth-quarter touchdown.
Derek Dryfuse also was key, with a 31-yard TD catch and 60 yards overall.
"It's fun calling plays," Colatruglio said. "We don't think about 'this person,' we just call plays, and we know they're all good."
Willard was led by quarterback Logan Blanchard, who ran for 119 yards. The Flashes, who have just one win this season, were disciplined, not committing a penalty and keeping things reasonably close in the first half. At the break, Columbian led 21-7.
"I don't take anything away from our kids effort, I thought we battled the whole game," Willard coach Mark Matula said. "I think athletically, there were times we didn't match up in space. You've just got to tip your hat to the other guy."


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on March 31, 2013 - 7:57 PM
A New York State man was arrested at the Peace Bridge Saturday on charges of importing and possessing child pornography.
Niagara Regional Police said Clinton Jensen, 30, was entering Canada from the U.S. when he was stopped for an inspection and found to have child porn in his possession.
Jensen, whose address was not released, will be held until a bail hearing can be held in St. Catherines, Ont.


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5 Things Nobody Tells You About Having a Career
Some of you will be lucky enough to get actual grownup careers right out of college. Others, like me, will merely have "jobs," punching time clocks and wearing mandatory work hats for a couple of decades until anything like a career comes along. I don't think the people in either situation are ready for it when it happens.
Because the difference between "job" and "career" is huge -- a career isn't just a job that pays more and doesn't require an apron. You work toward it your whole life, but there are no actual teachers to tell you what to do with the Road Runner when you finally have his skinny little leg in your fist. Do you eat him? Make a sweet pimp hat out of his feathers? Fuck his beak off? It turns out there are a whole lot of things people don't tell you about the career thing, like ...
#5. Everybody Demands Your Time
It was only a couple of years ago that I was working a physical labor job that kept me clinched tightly in the asshole of poverty while I tried to come up with new ways to convince myself that I had it all under control. But on the upside, my routines were pretty simple -- I worked, came home, relieved stress with games and beer, went to sleep ... rinse and repeat. Sometimes, I'd go back to work after a couple of days off and hear about some psychopath customer who threatened the workers and spin kicked a computer off of the counter. How they had to call the police, and it was just this huge fiasco, and "Man, you should have seen it."
But I didn't see it because I was off. And when you're off, work stays at work. That very idea is the difference between a career versus just working a job to pay the bills. I don't know exactly how far up it's located, but once you reach a certain rung on the work ladder, you will see the psycho, because you're the one they call when his feet turn into those little catapult switches in Portal 2 and start whipping computer monitors into space. At that level, there is no such thing as "work stays at work." For better or worse, your life is your work.
"Oh, shit, he's back! And he's going nuts on our Jenga game!"
The higher you climb, the more people need your input and help. And every person you add to that list takes away more of the time that is needed to complete the core duties of your job. Trying to explain this to someone who isn't living it is next to impossible, because they have no means of comparison yet. I have friends who still work those 9-to-5 jobs, and they can't fathom why I can't take one measly hour to visit with them.
I don't blame them, because they don't see the side of me that works from the time I wake up until 5 a.m. the next day. And that a one-hour visit means that I'm now going to be getting in bed at 6 a.m. The next distraction pushes that back to 7, and so on. They've never put that kind of commitment and effort into work before, so how could they know? It doesn't make them bad people. Except James -- that dude's a twat.
But because of that, they also don't understand that the reverse -- those occasional, spontaneous, off the cuff visits to me can wreck my day just as badly. Yes, it feels awesome to have friends over, and I never want to turn them away, but that's really the problem. Allowing it to happen freezes my progress and shifts my whole schedule to the right for exactly as long as they stay.
"Hahahaha! Oh, that's wonderful, you should fucking leave now."
I understand how horrible that sounds, but it's really not. It's a simple solution: We just have to schedule visits in advance. When you fully commit to a career, that time is more valuable than the money you receive for it. Everything in your life becomes a delicate, precise balancing act: chores, family, friends, entertainment, sex, even eating. Friends and family picture you working all day, so they feel like you've earned a break and owe them that time. Work thinks that as soon as you're out of their sight, you're out goofing off, showing strangers your dick or something, so you owe them more work to justify what they're paying you. The whole world turns into that teacher who assigns you a 20-page report because to her, you have no other classes or responsibilities. "It won't take that long. What's one little assignment?" Meanwhile, you have four other teachers telling you the same thing, and you're trying to figure out how to finish 100 pages without resorting to cocaine.
Why That's a Good Thing
Your ability to manage that time is what sets you apart from everyone else who is competing for the job you currently have, or are shooting for. Not everyone can do it. Hell, for that matter, not many people can do it, but that's why those positions are considered special and desirable. It's why people who make it to that level are respected.
And if you don't respect them, there will be fucking consequences.
The financial rewards are obviously a pretty awesome upside, but there's something so much larger to consider. A person's ability to manage time on such an exact scale will dictate what they get out of life and what they pass on when they leave it. Let's face it, in the grand scheme of things, we're not here very long. The more you get done, the more you leave behind, both material and in a namesake sort of legacy. Yes, there's something to be said about stopping to smell the roses, but hurry the fuck up. You have shit to do.
#4. Hobbies Dry Up
I used to love the shit out of World of Warcraft. I put more time into that game than I did my full-time job. If I could have gotten paid to play it, no one would have ever seen me again -- my kids would have been forced to get accounts just to talk to me. I would be one rich motherfucker, though.
I was able to play it so much because I worked eight hours a day and had plenty of time to kill when I clocked out. That's the upside to working a throwaway job where you're just another face performing basic functions. You can watch 12 hours of porn in one sitting when you don't have a crew of workers who depend on you to be able to show up at a moment's notice, sans boner.
"I'll give you a hundred bucks if when he gets here, you hand him two hard hats."
Just a year and a half ago, I tripped and landed face-first into this job that sounds so ridiculous when explaining it to someone that I eventually learned it was just easier to say, "I work with computers." Before I knew it, I was being pushed up that ladder, and though I'm not complaining in the slightest, I found that the more responsibility I took on, the more of my life that job took up. Little by little, WoW got whittled down until it just disappeared altogether. That happens with any career, and because of that, it becomes increasingly more important to enjoy it, because there is a tipping point on that scale where your career becomes your hobby.
There's no such thing as a day off. You're as much at work at 3 a.m. as you are when you're in the office. If what you're doing isn't one of your favorite things, you're going to find yourself on the ass end of a nine millimeter, firing into open crowds and screaming out the names of former SNL cast members as each one falls. No, work is something you tolerate. A career is something you live.
"Oh, God, please make him stop screaming 'Chris Kattan'!"
Why That's a Good Thing
Look at it this way: Let's say that one of my favorite things in the world is writing comedy. I'm talking about loving it in a way that if I never made a dime off of my work, I'd still be writing just for fun. And let's also say that after doing it for so long, some crazy person noticed and said, "Hey, I like those words that you're saying. Here's some money. If you do it again next week, I'll give you some more money. We will continue this process until I run out of money or you run out of words. You don't even have to blow me for it."
Yes, I'll admit that my career started out of sheer luck, but what I'm saying is that these things are absolutely out there if you know where to look. Love numbers? Bam, accountant. Like messing with computers? Booyah, tech monkey. Enjoy showing your freakishly large breasts to strangers? Pow, stripper. I wish I had understood that years ago, instead of just accepting that I'd always be resigned to shitty jobs with shitty pay.
"OK, guys, break's over. Let's get back to juggling those scorpions."
#3. The Financial Rules Completely Change
Wanna see something completely fucked up? Check out the $55 million football player who had to petition the courts to lower his child support because he's so broke he has to live with his parents. Think his demise is an isolated case? Here's 15 more. Or how about this ridiculous list of musicians who have gone broke? Google around -- they're in no short supply.
As I see it, the problem lies in the fact that there are no teachers to show you what to do when the world suddenly jerks you out of a lower or middle class income and fills your bank account with what you'd have previously considered an unspendable amount of money. How could there be? How many people have actually gone through that?
"So who can tell me the proper way to transfer half a billion dollars from savings to checking? Anyone?"
Now, I'm not saying I'm rich -- don't get me wrong here. But before this job, my life was ground zero of a monetary A-bomb. By comparison, what I earn now makes it look like I hit the fucking lottery ... but even those "broke" stars I mentioned earlier would kill themselves if their income suddenly went down to my pay scale. It's all relative.
But even on a smaller scale of changing tax brackets or escaping poverty, it requires an extreme change in how you look at and handle your finances, and very few people are ready for that. I talked in another article about how people who aren't used to it tend to spend any extra money right goddamn now for fear that it will disappear if they let it sit. So it should come as no surprise when we see stories of musicians like MC Hammer filing for bankruptcy after blowing through $30 million in just a few months.
Via Ticketsinventory.com
It definitely didn't go toward his shirt budget.
It's not something you get taught -- it's something you have to learn from failing at it in various ways. You're used to viewing money as a means of survival, so when you start to get more of it, saving for retirement and setting up emergency funds is a foreign concept. And if you fuck up, it will cost you everything.
Just this year, for the first time in my life, I found myself writing a check to the government instead of them sending me a tax return. That's huge, because that windfall was what I used to count on to bail me out of the debt I racked up the previous Christmas. It's how I bought gifts for the two birthdays that pop up in February. All big purchases -- car repairs, new glasses, computer upgrades, jade cock ring -- were held off until that check arrived, and it would be gone in a matter of days.
Hell, just paying my backup dancers alone is enough to break a man.
Going from receiving several thousand dollars to paying several thousand dollars has forced me to learn how to save money and resist my natural urge to spend it when I see it piling up. I can't view it as "extra," but as income that is waiting to be spent on the next disaster. It's my MC Hammer prevention kit.
Why That's a Good Thing
If tomorrow all of this is taken away, I now have the intellectual tools to start hatching an escape plan. I know not only the value of saving, but the necessity of doing so. I understand what it takes to live a certain lifestyle, and I know my limits on what I can spend. That's a lesson that I could only learn by living in both financial states. One taught me how to take a billion financial shortcuts, like how to make Hamburger Helper without milk or hamburger. The other taught me that I don't have to.
"What are we having for dinner tonight?" "Helper."


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At a time when men and women were prepared to kill—and be killed—for their faith, the Protestant Reformation tore the Western world apart. Acclaimed as the definitive account of these epochal events, Diarmaid MacCulloch's award-winning history brilliantly re-creates the religious battles of priests, monarchs, scholars, and politicians—from the zealous Martin Luther and his Ninety-Five Theses to the polemical John Calvin to the radical Igantius Loyola, from the tortured Thomas Cranmer to the ambitious Philip II.
Drawing together the many strands of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, and ranging widely across Europe and the New World, MacCulloch reveals as never before how these dramatic upheavals affected everyday lives—overturning ideas of love, sex, death, and the supernatural, and shaping the modern age.
"A learned, enlightening, and disturbing masterwork . . . This isn't merely 'a history' of the Reformation, but rather 'the history.'"
—Michael Dirda, The Washington Post
"One of the most magisterial and stylishly written historical works to be published in a decade . . . MacCulloch's analyses of the lives, personalities, ideas, and struggles are at once sharp and profound. . . . A lasting work."
—Benjamin Schwarz, The Atlantic
"Evenhanded, learned, and profound . . . It is difficult to imagine anybody writing a better book about the Reformation."
—Karen Armstong, Los Angeles Times Book Review
"Superb . . . MacCulloch brings the history of the Reformation into vivid focus, providing what must surely be the best general account available."
—A. C. Grayling, Financial Times
"Dazzling . . . A magnificent achievement . . . It is hard not to admire a book that is such a masterpiece of learning, and yet written with a disarming lightness of touch."
—Michael Howard, The Times Literary Supplement
"A masterpiece of readable scholarship . . . In its field it is the best book ever written."
—David Edwards, The Guardian
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations and Maps
1. The Old Church, 1490-1517
Seeing Salvation in Church. The First Pillar: The Mass and Purgatory. Layfolk at Prayer. The Second Pillar: Papal Primacy. A Pillar Cracks: Politics and the Papacy. Church Versus Commonwealth?
2. Hopes and Fears, 1490-1517
Shifting Boundaries. The Iberian Exception. The Iberian Achievement: The Western Church Exported. New Possibilities: Paper and Printing. Humanism: A New World from Books. Putting Renewal into Practice. Reform or the Last Days? Erasmus: Hopes, Fulfilled, Fears Stilled?
3. New Heaven: New Earth, 1517-24
The Shadow of Augustine. Luther: A Good Monk, 1483-1517. An Accidental Revolution, 1517-21. Whose Revolution? 1521-22. Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism, 1521-22. Zürich and Wittenberg, 1522-24. The Years of Carnival, 1521-24
4. Wooing the Magistrate,1524-40
Europe's Greatest Rebellion, 1524-25. Princely Churches or Christian Separation, 1525-30. The Birth of Protestantisms, 1529-33. Strassburg: New Rome or New Jerusalem? Kings and Reformers, 1530-40. A New King David? Münster and It's Aftermath
5. Reunion Deferred: Catholic and Protestant, 1530-60
A Southern Revival. Ignatius Loyola and the Early Jesuits. Hopes for a Deal: The 1541-42 Crisis. A Council at Trent: The First Session, 1545-49. Calvin in Geneva: The Reformed Answer to Münster . Calvin and the Eucharist: Protestant Divisions Confirmed. Reformed Protestantism: Alternatives to Calvin, 1540-60
6. Reunion Scorned, 1547-70
Crisis for the Habsburgs, 1547-55. 1555: An Emperor's Exhaustion, a Pope's Obsession. A Catholic Recovery: England, 1553-58. 1558-59: Turning Points for Dynasties. The Last Session of the Council of Trent, 1561-63. Protestants in Arms: France and the Low Countries, 1562-70
7. The New Europe Defined, 1569-72
Northern and Southern Religion. Tridentine Successes. The Catholic Defense of Christendom, 1565-71. Militant Northern Protestants, 1569-72. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572. Poland 1569-76: An Alternative Future? Protestantism and Providence
8. The North: Protestant Heartlands
Defining Lutheranism: Toward the Formula of Concord. The "Second Reformation" in Germany. Baltic Religious Contests: Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia . The Northern Netherlands: Protestant Victory. The Northern Netherlands: The Arminian Crisis . A Reformed Success: Scotland. Elizabethan England: A Reformed Church?. Ireland: The Coming of the Counter-Reformation
9. The South: Catholic Heartlands
Italy: The Counter-Reformation's Heart. Spain and Portugal: King Philip's Church. The Counter-Reformation as World Mission
10. Central Europe: Religion Contested
The Empire and Habsburg Lands: A Shattered Church. Habsburgs, Wittlelsbachs, and a Catholic Recovery. Transylvania: A Reformed srael. France: Collapse of a Kingdom, 1572-98. France: A Late Counter-Reformation
11. Decision and Destruction, 1618-48
12. Coda: A British Legacy, 1600-1700
New English Beginnings: Richard Hooker and Lancelot Andrews. Early Stuart England: The Church's Golden Age? War in Three Kingdoms, 1638-60. A Spectrum of Protestantisms, 1660-1700. American Beginnings
13. Changing Times
Time Endings. Hearing God's Voice. Fighting Antichrist: Idols. Fighting Antichrist: Witches
14. Death, Life, and Discipline
Negotiations with Death and Magic. Telling out the Word. Godly Discipline. A Spirit of Protestantism?
15. Love and Sex: Staying the Same
A Common Legacy. The Family in Society. The Fear of Sodomy
16. Love and Sex: Moving On
The "Reformation of Manners". Catholicism, the Family and Celibacy. Protestantism and the Family. Choices in Religion
17. Outcomes
Wars of Reformation. Tolerating Difference. Crosscurrents: Humanism and Natural Philosophy. Crosscurrents: Judaism and Doubts. The Enlightenment and Beyond
Appendix of Texts: Creeds, Lord's Prayer, Ten Commandments, and Hail Mary
Further Reading


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The Fitness Challenge feels easier and more joyful when teams of friends or co-workers go head to head for personal pride.
In other words, misery loves company.
The scales have measured out eight weeks of the community weight loss competition to benefit local charities. Sixty-six five-member teams continue striving for better eating habits, more exercise and a healthier habits.
Article Photos
Rochelle Dykes, left, and teammate JoEllen Weaver of the Trumbull County Deputies 137 Fitness Challenge team strike a pose at Fitness One in Niles. The team is one of three based out of the Trumbull County Courthouse.
The harassment and temptation's been flying for two months between the three teams based out of the Trumbull County Courthouse, where sheriff's deputies, court clerks, a probation officer or two and other denizens of the hallowed halls of justice are trying to provoke each other's bad habits.
''We're all in the same building. Whoever wins, the other two have to buy a dinner,'' Deputy Rochelle ''Roach'' Dykes, captain of the Trumbull County Deputies 137 team said.
Dykes cites as a particular pest a probation officer by the name of Vince Peterson.
"He's buying me all kinds of stuff, cupcakes, chocolate-covered Oreos One of my teammates sent him cheesecake, and then we're going to ship a pizza to his house.
''The only bad part is he's beating us right now," Dykes said.
Peterson and his All In team moved up three places to 15th this week with 7.7 percent of their starting weight lost. Weight No More, captained by Kim Reeves, moved up one notch to 18th place at 7.2 percent.
And Deputies 137 - um, they slipped a bit from 21st to 23rd place at 6.5 percent. That does make it a bit problematic for smack talk and the odds of their eating a victory dinner.
Peterson said, ''I hear the fat lady singing. Oh my goodness, make Rochelle stop. Not only can she not beat me, but she has a terrible voice.
''As always, I will be the courthouse winner and will be in the top 15. Next year, she might want to enlist the help of 'The Biggest Loser' show or 'The I'm Not a Celebrity but I Need Help Beating Vince Celebrity Fit Club.'''
Yeah, it's been like that. For two months, it's been like that.
Dykes - a rather slender woman - noted that this is the 11th year of the Tribune Chronicle / St. Joseph-St. Elizabeth Health Centers Fitness Challenge, and not only is Peterson credited with creating the Challenge, he's been in it every single year.
''And he still looks the same,'' Dykes said. ''His team is nothing but butts and guts. Us lady deputies are sick of cleaning up after Vince Peterson and his team's food wrappers all through the courthouse.''
Yeah, it's been like that. For two months, it's been like that.
It's wonderful to have good friends at your side in a quest for fitness. Simply wonderful. And maybe later, you can have a nice root canal or tax audit.
Main course
Once again, defending champs Believers' Bulge Busters finish the week atop the heap. No team ever has led the Fitness Challenge from Week 1 all the way the slimming end.
''We have it. We own it,'' team captain Janice Buckler proclaimed. ''We all had a good week. And we're excited that we're drawing near the end because we're all wanting to eat.''
The Busters now have lost 14.6 percent of their starting weight.
Just Weight stormed their way into second place at 12.4 percent with a Team of the Week performance, dropping the Wellness to Warriors to third at 12.3 percent. Refuel moved up from fourth to fifth at 11.1 percent, and the Mocha House Health Solutions slid from third into fifth at 10.9 percent.
Stephanie Iacozili, captain of Just Weight, says there's still time for her team to pull off the win.
''We're staying focused and dedicated these two weeks,'' Iacozili said.
''We're working with a trainer at the Y who's giving us a regimented program designed of moderate aerobics activity, nutrition, and resistance training exercises that burn fat and maintain lean muscle,'' she said.
Just like the courthouse teams noted above, Just Weight is one of three teams based out of the Warren YMCA. The others are 4.5 Full-Grown Men, in eighth place, and the YMCA Game Changers, in 11th and just a cookie or two out of 10th place, 9.62 to 9.60 percent.
''Our goal is to get all the Y teams in the top 10,'' Iacozili said.
As previously stated, Just Weight won Team of the Week honors for the best single-week performance, and the bonus $10 for its designated charity, the YMCA. They lost 20 pounds over the seven days for a touch over 2 percent for the week.
They also shared Team of the Week honors in Week 5.
Tips and tasty tidbits
This week, Ryan Foertch, manager of the Humility of Mary Health Partners Competitive Edge Sports Medicine, begins a series on exercise. If you're not off the couch yet, here's how to get started safely:
"Consult your physician if you have any medical concerns or needs prior to starting an exercise program," Foertch said.
Other than that, "I would start by just getting out there and doing something. Most individuals that begin exercise programs are not used to doing a lot of physical activity, and just getting up and moving is the key.
"I would shoot for two to three days per week to start, and then progress to three to five days once you get a little more comfortable and increase your fitness level.
"I would start by doing two to three days of cross-training exercises. This would be working on strength as well as cardiovascular training on the same days," Foertch said.
"As far as reps and sets with strength training, start with doing one set of 10, keeping in mind that the 10th rep should be harder than the first even though it is the same weight.
"Once you can achieve one set of 10, try for two sets of 10, and then three, but if you get to three sets of 10 and it is easy, it is time to increase the weight.
"Once your fitness level increases, you can break strength and cardio into their own days and workouts, but initially combine them for best results," Foertch said. "At the beginner stage, you should shoot for 30 minutes of exercise."
The target heart rate to achieve while working out is 60 to 70 percent of 220 minus the person's age beats a minute.
Next week, the intermediate plan.
Fat facts
This week, the Fitness Challenge passed the "two tons of fun" mark. The 330 competitors combined for a grand total of 4,044 pounds lost over eight weeks.
That's an average of about 12.25 pounds a person, and an average of just more than 1.5 pounds a person a week.
In Week 8, the 66 teams combined for a seven-day loss of 218.25 pounds. That's an average of just more than half a pound a person. Yep, it's tougher as it goes along, and some people give up early. Not you, of course.
Groups we'd like to take to dinner
Each team selects a nonprofit service organization for which it plays. Each team is guaranteed to donate at least $225 to his charity of choice, with the top 10 teams giving more, up to $1,350 for the first place team.
Two teams this year are playing for Bella Women's Center, 1192 North Road N.E., Warren -Believers' Bulge Busters and the Northwood Top-Reducers, both top 10 teams.
Bella Women's Center lists itself as ''a professional medical office with staff dedicated to serving women facing unplanned pregnancies. The not-for-profit organization's purpose is to provide women with a safe, professional environment to receive the information needed to make well-informed decisions.''
When she found out that Bella was twice-selected this year, Tia Ciferno, the center's director, said, "We followed the teams all last year and were so thrilled that our team came in first place. It was exciting for the whole staff, and we are looking forward to the healthy competition now between two teams who are both losing weight to support the important work we're doing here for women."
A few weeks back, she led members of both teams on a tour of the center's medical facilities.
''Following the presentation, the friendly competitors exchanged greetings - but did not divulge any specific weight loss secrets one to another,'' she said.
Bulge Busters captain Janice Buckler said, "We are 100 percent behind making young ladies aware of what's happening, to get the support they need and to have the medical attention that's top-notch."


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I have a great stream but cannot watch closely enough to give elements. Duhamel/Radford had lovely skate, were thrilled, and got great points to boot.
I have a great stream but cannot watch closely enough to give elements. Duhamel/Radford had lovely skate, were thrilled, and got great points to boot.
Another "interesting" costume choice for Savchenko/Szolkowy
OMG! WHAT are they wearing?
It's just so distracting that you can't appreciate their elements and they seem slow.
Aliona SAVCHENKO / Robin SZOLKOWY (GER)
Music: Flamenco Bolero by Gustavo Montesano
3FTh -2foot
3T+3T+SEQ - he doubles 1st jump
FCCoSp - unison off
Ok program, I liked Pina a lot more though
Last edited by sequinsgalore; 10-27-2012 at 01:40 PM.
The way she held onto that last landing I swear she is a cat. I don't love these costumes, though the ones from yesterday have already grown on me so what do I know.
Didn't get to see D/R skate due to feed freeze but back for S/S. I hate the music (all forms of Bolero) and their costumes but the S/S program looked pretty good. Maybe not my all time favorite though. After what happened in Ladies, though, I'm prepared for D/R to win.
wow, Aliona and Robin were great! there were some stumbles but the program is great Steuer is a genius!
Savchenko / Szolkowy
Score: 129.10, total 201.36 and GOLD
S/S takes it. D/R silver and the Italians in Bronze--good for them!
I don't see the relation of S/S choreography and the costumes to the music.
Bolero is a piece of music to be enjoyed live, not recorded. This version ignores the build-up completely and just turns it into a repetitive rhythm. There is no theme to either the music nor the choreo.
Hi folks just joining you...sleepless nite so i sleep am and stayed in bed-almost 2:20 ESt USA can someone put up haha or whatever stream is working to day? Thanks and god bless everyone...getting worried about storm coming to NE!
Don't like the music and the costumes of Savchenko and Szolkowy either. No comparison to last season.
http://www.hahasport.com/v-4/6/88/v-468813.html Hit the full screen button and the annoying little overlay ads will disappear.
This one's been working best for me, though not perfect by a longshot. You lay in a store of food and flashlight batteries up there, storm coming and looks very nasty.
ETA: Live dance doesn't start until 4:40 pm eastern. Right now they're re-showing the earlier ladies FS (last group).
Last edited by bigsisjiejie; 10-27-2012 at 01:30 PM.


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TechNet Radio: IT Time - Microsoft Virtual Academy: In-Depth Look at Windows Server 2012 Course Previews
- Posted: Aug 07, 2012 at 6:44AM
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Blain Barton and Alan Le Marquand are back for this episode as we talk about the latest Microsoft Virtual Academy course on anything and everything Windows Server 2012. From virtualization to manageability, PowerShell, storage, access and identity, VDI and Remote FX this is a can't miss preview of what's coming out in the next few weeks for the MVA.
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text:
Penn State wins the Capital One Bowl, 19-17, over LSU.
Despite beating the Dolphins on the final day of the season, the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers miss out on the NFL playoffs.
Bedford wrestler Cory Thomas gets his 100th win of his carrer as the Bisons beat North Star.
Bishop Guilfoyle's Alli Williams becomes the school's all-time leading girls scorer, passing Chris O'Connor in a win over Cambria Heights.
Northern Cambria's Breanna Kochinsky goes over the 1,000-point mark for the girls basketball team in a win over Laurel Valley.
St. Francis University retires the jersey of former standout men's basketball player Norm Van Lier, who passed away in 2009.
Tyrone's Ronnie Garbinsky gets his 100th win in the Golden Eagles' victory over Altoona.
Altoona's K.J. Walters picks up his 100th win in the team's loss to Lewistown.
Hollidaysburg boys basketball coach Mick Pentoney is suspended from coaching for one game for comments made against the Penn State men's basketball program, coach Ed DeChellis and Nittany Lion recruit Taran Buie, who plays at State College. Pentoney later sends an apology which is printed in the Mirror.
Northern Cambria's Jessica Rocco goes over the 1,000-point mark for the girls basketball team in a win over Purchase Line.
Juniata Valley's Taylor Boyd picked up his 100th win in the Green Hornets' loss to Bellwood-Antis.
Penn Cambria's Joe Dziabo goes over the 1,000-point mark in his team's win over Bishop Guilfoyle.
Williamsburg's Jordan Hileman goes over the 1,000-point mark in her team's win over Juniata Valley in high school girls basketball action.
Northern Cambria's Janae Dunchack will compete on the track and field team at Dartmouth. A day later, Altoona's Brady Gehret receives a Division I scholarship from Penn State for track and field.
Portage petitions District 6 to leave and join District 5, but the petition is turned down.
Altoona graduate Samantha Reimer becomes the all-time leading scorer in Edinboro women's basketball history in the team's victory over Slippery Rock.
Northern Cambria's Janae Dunchack goes over the 1,000-point mark for the girls basketball team. A few days later, Northern Cambria boys basketball player Joe Yuhas goes over the 1,000-point mark.
-Bishop Carroll's Lindsy Sammarco goes over the 1,000-point mark for the girls basketball team.
-The Great Commission boys basketball team wins the ACAA title.
BG Catholic girls basketball team wins the LHAC title.
Everett girls basketball team wins the ICC championship, while the Tussey Mountain boys basketball team won the ICC boys title.
Northern Bedford's Zach Reed goes over the 1,000-point mark for the boys basketball team.
The Altoona girls basketball team loses to Hollidaysburg in the D6-AAAA semifinals. After the game, coach Craig Long announces he will retire after 10 years with the Lady Lion program.
The Hollidaysburg boys basketball team beats State College in the District 6-AAAA title game.
Headed to states for swimming are Altoona's Danielle Parowski, Central's Drake Dodson and Hollidaysburg's Jenna Supp, who were district champions in their respective events.
The BG girls basketball team beats Northern Cambria in overtime in the District 6-A title game.
The Altoona wrestlers have two champions at the District 6 Class AAA tournament in T.J. Brandt and K.J. Walters.
The Tussey Mountain girls basketball team beats Shade in the District 5-A title game.
The Altoona boys indoor track and field team wins the Pennsylvania state title at Penn State University.
Area wrestlers who medaled at states in Hershey at the PIAA state championships included Tyrone's A.J. Schopp (gold), Portage's Shawn Perich (bronze), Tyrone's Ronnie Garbinsky and Penn Cambria's Zak Newton (fifth) , Bedford's Cory Thomas (sixth), Penn Cambria's Evan Link and Bedford's Trey Easter (seventh) and Central Cambria's Phil Steinberg (eighth).
Hollidaysburg girls basketball coach Joe Hurd retires after just three seasons back at the helm of the program he coached in the 1980s and 1990s.
Despite finishing the year 11-20, PSU athletic director Tim Curley says men's basketball coach Ed DeChellis will return for the 2010-2011 season.
In the NEC women's basketball championship, St. Francis beat Long Island and advanced to the NCAA women's tournament where it loses to Ohio State in the first round.
The Penn State women's basketball team is invited to the WNIT where it loses to Hofstra in the first round.
Central Cambria football coach Ken Bussard announces he will step down from his position at the end of the 2010 season this fall.
Altoona hires Jill Helsel as its new head girls basketball coach for Craig Long, who retired.
Hollidaysburg hires Deanna Jubeck as its new head girls basketball coach for Joe Hurd, who retired.
The Tussey Mountain boys basketball team is eliminated in the third round of the PIAA playoffs, losing to Sewickley Academy.
Philipsburg-Osceola's Jordan Harris defends his PIAA-AA title in the 1-meter diving event by winning it again at Bucknell University as a senior.
Both Bishop Guilfoyle and Northern Cambria win in the PIAA Class A semifinals and will now face each other for the state title in high school basketball at the Bryce Jordan Center. Guilfoyle wins what turns out to be its sixth state title, 49-29, over the Lady Colts.
The Central PA teams sweep the Blair County teams, winning by double digits in both games, at the Mirror's 5th annual All-Star Classic for high school basketball stars.
It is announced that the Curve's game with Harrisburg will be televised live on ESPNews, along with stations from Harrisburg and Washington, D.C., because of Harrisburg starter Steven Strasburg, the No. 1 overall pick in the 2009 MLB Draft. A sellout crowd of nearly 8,000 watches as the Senators beat the Curve.
Central Cambria softball coach Pat Stock wins his 300th game, becoming only the third coach in state history to accumulate that many victories.
Inducted into the Blair County Hall of Fame 2010 class are Steve Taneyhill, Buddy Geis, Rick Stonebraker, Jill Brumbaugh and the 1984 Bishop Guilfoyle girls basketball team, which won the area's first-ever state title in that sport.
The Steelers send troubled wide receiver Santonio Holmes to the New York Jets for a 5th-round draft pick.
At 6-1, the Curve are off to their best start in franchise history.
Because of his violation of the league's conduct policy in the NFL, Steelers QB Ben Roethlisberger is suspended 6 games by commissioner Roger Goodell.
Tussey Mountain football coach Kevin Steele steps down from that position to take the Bedford football job.
Hollidaysburg graduate Jeff Bower steps down as interim head coach of the New Orleans Hornes, but will remain on the job as the team's general manager.
The only Penn State player taken in the first round of the NFL Draft is defensive lineman Jared Odrick, who is taken 28th by the Miami Dolphins.
Altoona's Josh Allender win the D6-AAA singles tennis title, while Central's Jared Salyards wins his third straight D6-AA tennis title. Tussey Mountain's Peter Riley wins the District 5 singles title.
It is announced that the Tour de 'Toona, which did not take place in 2009 because of financial reasons, will return in August of 2010, the last week of the month.
Bedford boys win District 5 team tennis title with a win over Tussey Mountain. They are, however, eliminated in the first round of states.
Bedford's Guillaume Valette and Joe Twigg win the District 5-AA doubles tennis title.
The defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins are upset in the second round of the NHL playoffs, losing to Montreal in a best-of-7 series, 4-3.
Tom Stetter Jr. and Steph Laubenstein win the Altoona Mirror bowler of the year tournament for men and women. A day earlier in the senior event, winners included Don Fisher, Charlie Blazier and Patricia Conrad.
For the first time in team history, a fan (Massachusetts' Tyrone Squires) at an Altoona Curve goes on to the field during a game and is then arrested.
Northern Cambria girls win the District 6-AA track and field team title. Tyrone's boys win the District 6-AA team title. The Altoona boys win the District 6-AAA team title. The Bedford girls win the District 5 team title, while the Northern Bedford boys won the District 5 team title.
Tussey Mountain's Peter Riley advances to the PIAA singles tennis semifinals where he wins and the garners the title when opponent Drew Hoffman of Lower Moreland forfeits due to illness in the finals. Altoona's Josh Allender and Central's Jared Salyards do not make it to the semis as well as the Bedford duo of Guillaume Valette and Joe Twigg in the doubles tournament.
NFL commissionier Roger Goodell clears Ben Roethlisberger to return to practice with the Steelers. He is still suspended for the first 6 games of the season.
The Altoona boys track and field team wins the PIAA Class AAA team title.
Winning top 3 medals at states in track and field action Altoona's Brady Gehret (two gold and one silver), Tyrone's Nick Patton (one gold, one silver), Northern Cambria's Janae Dunchack (one gold and one bronze), Central Cambria's Kelsey Seymour (one silver), Central Cambria's 3200 relay team (Kelsey Seymour, Kendall Seymour, Alyssa Brandis and Ashley Stumpsilver), Altoona's Chris Caprer (bronze) and Penn Cambria's Zak Newton (bronze)
Claysburg-Kimmel hires former star player Jill Brumbaugh to coach the girls basketball team.
In the D6-AAAA baseball finals, Hollidaysburg loses to State College. In the D6-A finals, Bishop Guilfoyle Catholic loses to Homer-Center. In the first round of states, BG loses to Serra Catholic.
In the D6-AA baseball finals, Central loses to Mount Union but wins its state opener over Beaver Falls.
In the D6-AAA baseball finals, Huntingdon loses to Indian Valley.
The Altoona softball team loses 3-0 to State College in the D6-AAAA finals.
In the D6-A softball finals, Claysburg-Kimmel loses to Ligonier Valley. The Lady Bulldogs win their state opener over Fannett-Metal.
In the D6-AA softball finals, Philipsburg-Osceola beats Bald Eagle Area. In the first round of states, P-O beats Waynesburg.
In the D5-AA softball finals, Chestnut Ridge beats Windber. In the first round of states, Ridge loses to Valley.
In the D5-AA baseball finals, Bedford beats North Star. In the first round of states, Bedford loses to Redbank Valley.
In the D5-A baseball finals, Northern Bedford defeats Meyersdale. In the first round of states, Northern loses to Camp Hill.
Four days into June, the Curve own the best record in all of Minor League baseball at 36-18.
The Pirates call up Matt Lincoln from their Class AAA farm club to the big leagues.
Hollidaysburg's Brett Weibley, who plays baseball at Kent State, is drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 19th round.
Central knocks off Redbank Valley in the second round of states and ets Mount Union in the Class AA semifinals. The Dragons win and play Bermudian Springs in finals at BCB. They lose to Bermudian.
Philipsburg-Osceola defeats Burrel in the second round of states in softball and gets Wilmingon in the Class AA semifinals. P-O wins, 10-0, but falls to Nanticoke in the finals.
Claysburg-Kimmel beats Vincentian in the second round of states in softball but loses to Chartiers Houston in the Class A semifinals, 1-0.
The Pirates call up Pedro Alvarez from Class AAA.
Long-time Hollidaysburg baseball coach Scrappy Weaver dies at the age of 85.
Altoona Curve players Bryan Morris and Gorkys Hernandez face off against each other in MLB's Future's Game, which was televised on ESPN2.
Police captures the Altoona Teener Major League title, while Eldorado Kiwanis wins the Teener Minor trophy. Cumming Motors wins the Club Altoona title, while Auss Irigation captures the Area 4 VFW title. Locker Room wins the Kelley Federation title.
The Allegheny Mountains Convention and Visitors Bureau cuts off its ties with the PSFCA high school football all-star game that has been played in Altoona over the past several years. The game will have to look for a new host town.
A month in advance, the Tour de 'Toona will go back to a one-day event after being announced as a week-long event earlier this year.
BCB loses the PIAA state championships in baseball to Medlar Field at Lubrano Park in State College.
Dean Patterson defeats Sheetz and wins the Dean Patterson Little World Series.
Johnston Realty loses in its own AAABA regional tournament in Altoona but still qualifies for the national tournament in Johnstown later this month.
Former Altoona Curve owner Chuck Greenberg becomes the new owner of the Texas Rangers along with Nolan Ryan.
Lilly American Legion/Conrad Chiropractic wins the Greater City League over ProActive Sports.
At the state teener tournament for 15-16 in Tyrone, Altoona takes third. Philipsburg-Osceola wins it.
Johnston Realty (Altoona) goes 1-2 at the national AAABA tournament.
Mansion Park Summer League champions were Guy Landolfi, CPA (Div. I), Natural Gains (Div. II), Invisible Fence (Div. III), ProCare (Div. IV), Moyer Floors/Tipton Medical (Div. V) and Barton Plumbing (women).
Winners of the Hollidaysburg YMCA women's basketball league were ProActive Sports (Alumni) and LowCostPayroll.com (Scholastic).
Williamsburg's Doug Hoover wins his fourth USBA Summer Biathlon national championship, this one in Seattle.
Altoona Curve play-by-play man Dan Zangrilli steps down from his position with the team during a game with Erie.
For only the third time in team history, Joe Paterno names a freshman, Robert Bolden, as his starting QB for the season opener against Youngstown State.
The Curve defeat Harrisburg, 3-1, in best-of-5 series, to advance to the finals of the Eastern League championship against Trenton, where they will face Yankees' star Andy Pettitte in a rehab start for the Thunder at BCB. Despite losing the series opener, the Curve win the next three to win the best-of-5 series and their first-ever EL title.
The Pittsburgh Pirates fire Matt Walbeck after two seasons and one EL title with the Altoona Curve.
The Pittsburgh Pirates finish the season with the worst record in MLB at 57-105. Manager John Russell is fired two days after the season ends.
In District 5 golf action, Logan Brallier wins the girls title and advances to regional action.
Hollidaysburg's Anisa Khalouf wins the District 6 Class AAA singles tennis title. Bishop Guilfoyle's Danielle Nazaruk wins the District 6 Class AA singles title. The Bedford duo of Ashley Weyant and Katie Morris win the District 5-AA doubles tennis title. Megan Bettwy and teammate Mariah Turiano win the D6-AAA doubles championship. Hollidaysburg also won the overall team tennis title in D6-AAA, too.
In District 6 golf action, Tyrone's Jimmy Ferguson wins the title over Hollidaysburg's Connor Garrity and Sam Lafferty. All three advanced to regionals. There, Jimmy Ferguson, along with teammate Olivia Stever, qualify for states in the boys and girls competition. It's Ferguson's third trip to states, Stever's first. At states, Ferguson finishes 14th while Stever finishes 18th.
In his first start back after a four-game suspension, Ben Roethlisberger throws three TD passes in the Steelers' 28-10 win over Cleveland.
Hollidaysburg and Bedford tennis teams lose in the first round of states.
Altoona's boys win the D6-AAA cross country title. Wade Endress wins the boys race for the Lions. The Central Cambria boys and girls win the D6-AA titles.
Juniata Valley girls basketball coach Jama Greene dies at the age of 32.
The Hollidaysburg girls soccer team loses 1-0 to State College in the D6-AAA finals. The Hollidaysburg boys win, 3-2 in 2OT, against State College in the D6-AAA finals. In the first round of states, Hollidaysburg loses to Hempfield, 2-0.
The Altoona girls volleyball team beats State College, 3-2, for the D6-AAA title. Northern Cambria beat West Branch for the D6-A title while Penn Cambria downed Philipsburg-Osceola for the D6-AA trophy. In the first round of states, Altoona and Penn Cambria lost, while Northern Cambria moved on to the next round. However, the Lady Colts fall in the semifinals and are unable to defend their crown.
Chestnut Ridge loses, 3-0, to North Star in the D5-A boys soccer championship game.
The Bedford boys soccer team beats Westmont Hilltop, 1-0, in double OT for the D6-AA title. However, it loses 3-2 to Palmyra in the first round of states.
Joe Paterno wins his 400th game as coach at Penn State when his team downs Northwestern, 35-21.
In cross country action, Altoona's Wade Endress finishes second in the state at the PIAA state championships. Teammate Korey Replogle earns a medal, too. The Altoona team takes fifth. Central Cambria's Kendall Seymour and Alyssa Brandis finishes 14th and 15th in the girls AA race.
The Pittsburgh Pirates hire Clint Hurdle as their new manager.
The Altoona Curve unveil a new logo and new uniforms for the 2011 season.
Tyrone loses 14-0 to Forest Hills in the District 6-AA high school football championship. Bishop Carroll beats Bishop McCort, 32-13, to win the District 6-A title.
Bishop Carroll defeats Reading Holy Name in the first round of the state high school football playoffs. In the second round, the Huskies fall to Riverside, denying them a trip to the state finals.
Penn State accepts a bid to play Florida in the Outback Bowl.
Pitt fires head football coach Dave Wannstedt and hires Michael Haywood, who was the coach at Miami, Ohio.
St. Francis freshman Alli Williams, a Bishop Guilfoyle grad, scores 29 points for the Flash in a win over Ken State.
BG football coach Marty Georgiana resigns after seven years.
Baseball legend Cal Ripken attends a high school basketball game at the Altoona Fieldhouse where his son is playing in a tournament.
Penn State Lady Lion volleyball team wins its fourth national title in a row, this one over California.
It is reported that Penn State football assistants Tom Bradley and Ron Vanderlinden have been linked to the opening with the Temple football program. Bradley is a finalist for the job, which goes to Florida's Steve Addazio.
Bishop Carroll's Ryan Woo and Josh Chumrik, along with Bellwood-Antis' Jared Minori make first-team all-state in Class A football. Tyrone's Jared Templeton and Central's Lucas Runk make it in Class AA.
Glendale boys basketball player Tyler Jenny goes over the 1,000-point mark in his team's win over Curwensville.
Claysburg-Kimmel wrestler Corey Aungst wins his 100th match.
Altoona Curve hire P.J. Forbes as their new manager.


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Expanding Use of NGS Has Largely...
LC-MS Gains Favor Due To the...
Developers of DTC Genetic Testing Are...
NSCLC is "Major Battlefield" as Merck,...
As the saying goes, "garbage in, garbage out." When it comes to DNA sample prep, the utility of DNA sequence data is directly dependent on the quality of the input material. As the cost per base pair of DNA sequence data continues to plummet, the breadth of applications for which sequencing is used continues to expand.
With this expansion comes an expanding list of input sample types (for example, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens), the need to separate target nucleic acids from complex mixtures, and attempts to generate high-quality data from diminishing amounts of material. In many cases, this is confounded by the fact that the laboratory performing the sample preparation and sequencing is not responsible for the extraction of the desired nucleic acid from the source material.
As samples navigate their way to becoming "sequencer-ready," there is an increased investment of costly reagents, time, and resources with every process step. Thus, the ability to assess the quality of these samples prior to making this investment has become especially critical.
The factors that contribute to a nucleic acid's viability for downstream applications include amount, purity, and degree of degradation. Nucleic acids often undergo a series of damaging processes as they are harvested from cells or tissue on their way to becoming purified. Improper storage, harsh extraction processes, and fixing processes for cells and tissues are all capable of inducing mechanical and chemical damage to DNA molecules. In the worst case, this degradation can cause irreversible damage and consequently reduce the fidelity of experimental results.
While quantitative measurements for nucleic acid quantity and purity are widely adopted and scalable to high sample numbers, assays used to measure nucleic acid size and degradation still involve the manual and highly technical process of separating DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis, and visualizing through the use of ethidium bromide or other intercalating dyes.
An alternative to traditional gel electrophoresis is a genomic DNA assay developed for the LabChip GX microfluidics platform (PerkinElmer) that has been developed in a microfluidic chip format. The chip contains an interconnected set of microchannels that join the separation channel and buffer wells. One of the microchannels is connected to a short capillary that extends from the bottom of the chip at a 90º angle. The capillary sips sample from the wells of a microplate during the assay, providing automated scalability to high sample numbers (Figure 1).
Commercial gDNA was obtained from Biochain and diluted to 50 ng/μL. Degradation was induced through exposure to fragmentase restriction enzyme cocktail (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer's protocol for 10 and 20 minutes as indicated. To prepare the samples, 2 μL of gDNA was diluted with 18 μL of water in a 384-well microplate.
For particularly precious samples, the equivalent dilution may be performed with 1 μL of sample. The plate was spun briefly and placed into the LabChip GX instrument to be analyzed. The microfluidic chip was prepared by adding Gel-Dye and Marker solutions to the chip wells as shown (Figure 2) with top and bottom values corresponding to low-throughput (1–24 samples) and high-throughput (24–48 samples) modes.
Results are displayed both as an electropherogram (Figure 3A) and also as a virtual gel (Figure 3B). In addition, a gDNA quality score, GQS, is derived from the size distribution of the gDNA; this score and the sample concentration are reported by the software. Figure 2 shows three samples of varying extents of degradation; samples showing greater degradation are given a lower GQS. In addition, data are provided in digital format, allowing for laboratory information management system compatibility, archiving, and distribution.
The reproducibility, compatibility with automation, and throughput of the LabChip GX gDNA assay overcomes the limitations of gel-based methods for qualitative sizing and assessment of degradation of DNA samples.
Andrew Barry ([email protected]) is senior manager, biomolecular applications, and Seth Cohen, Ph.D., is senior director, discovery applications at PerkinElmer.
Andrew Barry ([email protected]) is senior manager, biomolecular applications, and Seth Cohen, Ph.D., is senior director, discovery applications at PerkinElmer.
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Monday, April 29, 2013
Learning how to pay for college just got easier. Financial aid workshops will be held May 6 and May 8 at two different Trident Technical College campuses. The workshops are free and open to the public.
Attendees will learn how financial aid, including S.C. lottery-funded tuition assistance, can help pay for college. Attendees should bring their 2012 federal tax return and W-2 statement, and experts will be on hand to assist in completing the online Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) at www.fafsa.gov.
It is recommended that the FAFSA be submitted by June 7 to receive financial aid for Fall Semester.
Palmer Campus will host a workshop on Monday, May 6, at 6 p.m., 66 Columbus Drive, downtown Charleston, Room 152. Call 843-722-5516 for more information.
Mount Pleasant Campus will host a workshop on Wednesday, May 8, at 6 p.m., 1125 John Dilligard Lane, Mount Pleasant (near highways 17 and I-526). Please call 843-958-5810 for more information.
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Dean Dooley's Law School
founded in 1929
Boston College Law School is among the top few law schools in the country in the number of applications it receives, and has an overall applicant-to-acceptance ratio that is among the most selective in the nation. We are viewed, in short, as doing something right.
That something lies in the history and tradition of legal education at Boston College Law School, which holds that lawyers should be neither hired guns unconcerned with moral questions, nor pure theorists hovering above the fray. The 250 men and women who earn the degree of Juris Doctor here each year are as well-versed in courtroom procedure as they are in legal history, as well-prepared to practice law as they are to discuss its theoretical underpinnings. Many have already had extensive experience researching and arguing cases through programs such as the Criminal Process, Attorney General or other clinical programs, and in advocacy competitions and classroom simulations. But for them, neither zealous advocacy nor the exercise of legal scholarship is an end in itself.
When Boston College Law School was founded in 1929 at 11 Beacon Street in downtown Boston, the first dean, Dennis Dooley, envisioned a law school with a social conscience as well as an analytical mind. From its earliest days, Boston College Law School had a reputation for toughness and high standards. It won accreditation from the American Bar Association in 1932, just three years after its founding, joining the Harvard, Yale, and Boston University law schools as the only ones in New England to attain such a distinction.* Academic standards were so high that in some years, as many as two-thirds of the first-year class would be excluded for poor scholarship. But the quest for academic excellence was also shaped by a desire to educate lawyers who worked for social justice and reform.
The decades that followed have seen much change in Dean Dooley's law school-it now spreads across a 40-acre campus in Newton, Massachusetts, and ranks among the nation's premier law schools-but we have held fast to Dean Dooley's vision. While we have always placed a great deal of emphasis on the practical professional skills which every good lawyer must possess, those skills are imparted within a framework of ideals-ideals such as justice and public service that have made the study and practice of law a calling for so many who come here.
This makes for students who are at once highly credentialed and highly collegial in their relationships with each other and with the faculty. That sense of community springs from a shared respect for the law as the cornerstone of a democratic society, and for one another as legal scholars. It manifests itself in dozens of ways. It is in the mentoring relationships that grow out of the easy accessibility students enjoy with faculty. It is found in student organizations that offer opportunities to wrestle with and affect basic issues touched by the law every day-from human reproductive rights and race relations to environmental justice and the ethical issues surrounding innovative technology. It is in the camaraderie of the Friday afternoon "bar review" sessions in the student lounge and the more formal social activities that pull together this diverse community. Perhaps most intensely, it is in the small, informal and self-forming groups in which students push one another in a shared passion for the power, elegance and dynamism of the law.
This passion is a sustaining influence in the professional lives of the law school's more than 13,000 alumni. It is a passion that hard work does not dim. It propels our graduates to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, to federal and state courthouses, board rooms, law firms, government agencies and public interest organizations, as well as to distinguished places on law school faculties. If you possess that passion, if you share our ideals, please join us.
More information on our academic programs
Visit our Admissions & Financial Aid pages
*Office of the Consultant on Legal Education /
Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar
American Bar Association
321 N. Clark Street, 21st Floor
Chicago, IL 60654
Phone: 312.988.6738
Fax: 312.988.5681
[BC Law Founders]
Mission Statement
Boston College Law School is committed to the highest quality integrated graduate and professional education.


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austin tydings's comment, August 27, 2013 2:41 PM
Geography, is a subject where it takes all the skills from science, math, English, and social studies, and combines it into a in depth thinking class. It makes you find the problem, fix it and tell how and why you fixed it . For example, a crop is not growing in a dry area, then you try it in a wet area and it grows, now you have to find out why it grows in a wet area and not a dry area and explain why. It is good to start out early learning about the basics in the core classes then later in the more advance classes, to understand how to fix a problem.
Annenkov's curator insight, September 13, 2013 2:09 AM
"Geography education applies to each one of us" - not only for children, but for adults in everyday life. Who is interested in developing a personal geoculture?
Peter Phillips's curator insight, October 5, 2013 7:37 PM
Using an orange to learn the continents of the Earth :) great idea.
Seth Dixon's curator insight, August 18, 3:03 PM
This is just for fun...The borders/coastlines of these 14 countries are slightly photoshopped in one of the two images, and you have to remember from your mental maps which one is correct. And yes, of course I got a 14.
Tags: mapping, trivia, fun, borders, cartography.
Jamie Strickland's comment, August 19, 10:37 AM
Love this --- will try with my classes when I talk about cognitive images and our mental maps!
Seth Dixon's curator insight, August 16, 9:58 PM
Last month I was in New Orleans, and it rained for about 2 hours…it was staggering to see how many issues stemmed from that drainage in such a flat floodplain. This is so much worse. This article focuses on the weather/environmental situation, and this one on the political/human impact.
Tags: urban ecology, environment, weather and climate, water, disasters.
satılık araba's comment, August 17, 8:00 AM
ne istersen
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PIRatE Lab's curator insight, August 15, 8:32 PM
Another very interesting way to present geographic data.
Seth Dixon's curator insight, April 22, 5:34 PM
I'm sharing this because what isn't exciting about an exclave that was created by a superimposed, geometric border?
Seth Dixon's curator insight, September 20, 3:03 PM
After years of seeing fruit-flavored candy, we are now seeing candy-flavored fruit. The company Grapery is very careful to highlight that these patented fruit varieties are not GMOs, but the cotton candy flavored grapes are cross pollinated by hand (by fruit geneticists). You can watch this 4 minute CBS video about the agricultural production and marketing of this new product. Yes, I've experimented with these at a friend's house, and they really do taste like cotton candy (and no, I'm not planning on purchasing any).
Questions to Ponder: Does this make you leery about eating this or totally excited to try it? How come? Why is the company so adamant to state that these grapes are non-GMO? According to the video, what are the primary concerns of most grape producers and how does that contrast with this company?
Tags: food, food production, agribusiness, agriculture, GMOs, technology.
Seth Dixon's curator insight, May 6, 11:51 AM
Geography explores more than just what countries control a certain territory and what landforms are there. Geography explores the spatial manifestations of power and how place is crafted to fit a particular vision. Homeless people are essentially always 'out of place.' These articles from the Society Pages, Atlas Obscura, the Atlantic and this one from the Guardian share similar things: that urban planners actively design places that will discourage loitering, skate boarding, and homelessness, which are all undesirable to local businesses. This gallery shows various defensive architectural tactics to make certain people feel 'out of place.' Just to show that not all urban designs are anti-homeless, this bench is one that is designed to help the homeless (and here is an ingenious plan to curb public urination).
Tags: urban, planning, architecture, landscape, place, poverty.
Linda White's curator insight, May 13, 10:40 PM
A reason why we need to review all the women that are incarcerated in our society. The society is loosing so much.
Pascal Corbé's curator insight, May 26, 8:53 AM
While closing the gender gap is both righteous as economically advantageous, I find the claim that the world could not be fed without it totally unfounded and not true. Even the worst dictator could just redistribute the produce currently wasted and the issue would be solved with gender issues left touched. The intention of this message is great but I think from a communications point of view these kinds of exaggerated messages undermine the basis of campaigns and ultimately wear off the attention of your target groups.
Caitlyn Scott's curator insight, June 14, 10:25 PM
This resource shows great detail into where are products travel when they are imported but also shows us what and where Australian products are going. Good source in regards to showing how large Australia's export market is. Article contains a good amount of information as to why the routes shown on the map are taken as well as having in-depth data showing the different cargo on board ships. This data helps high light what different countries are renowned for in their exports as well as giving so information into why some countries are poorer than others when analysing their exports. Planned use within unit regarding the cost of Australian exports and its sustainability for the future.


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Financial services company loses millions due to software bug
One bug, millions of dollars lost: An argument for open source solutions
On August 1, Knight Capital Group, a financial services company, lost $440 million in less than an hour because of a software bug. As I understand it, this bug could have been avoided if more thorough testing was done before release but, as the Omaha World-Herald reports, the company "rushed to develop a computer program so it could take advantage of a new Wall Street venue for trading stocks...and failed to fully work out the kinks in its system."
In an op-ed piece in NYTimes.com, Ellen Ullman, a former software engineer and author, talks about how the SEC's call to companies like Knight to "fully test their computer systems before deploying coding changes" is an impossibility. Ellen writes:
First, it is impossible to fully test any computer system. To think otherwise is to misunderstand what constitutes such a system. It is not a single body of code created entirely by one company. Rather, it is a collection of "modules" plugged into one another. Software modules are purchased from multiple vendors; the programs are proprietary; a purchaser (like Knight Capital) cannot see this code. Each piece of hardware also has its own embedded, inaccessible programming. The resulting system is a tangle of black boxes wired together that communicate through dimly explained "interfaces." A programmer on one side of an interface can only hope that the programmer on the other side has gotten it right.
While I agree with Ellen and teach my students that all software comes with some sort of risk and should be evaluated with that in mind, I do think that, were the system(s) in this debacle written using an open source model instead of a proprietary one, these holes might have been caught, the release deadline would have been met (or even pushed back for the betterment of the product), and this whole thing would have been avoided. Systems don't have to be a 'tangle of black boxes'—they can be an efficient network of transparent tubes instead.
I may be preaching to the choir here when I remind you of Eric Raymond's statement that 'given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.' Using the open source development model means that everyone can see what everyone else is doing in the system and can more easily communicate how changes are going to affect each interconnected module. I'm not saying that all bugs can always be found or that any system is perfect, just that using the open model means that problems can be found more quickly, communication is easier, collaboration is more effective, and bugs are patched more efficiently.
I take this incident with Knight Capital as yet another argument for software that affects the public (if not all software) being developed in an open fashion!
9 Comments
Testing the software is not enough. It has to be tested in the present of all the other software used in stock trading. Otherwise, anything could happen. Here's an example, and doesn't even involve computers; all actions were automatic and based on local conditions. Results: 30 million people without power for 12 hours.
A key point is that the open source methodology can be followed even if the source code isn't externally open. Knight Capital Group could engage with vendors and its own development team using inner source (as CollabNet coined the concept.) Basically, you practice development with code and collaboration that is internally open. You release early and often. You make it possible for non-development team members to watch the project, test early versions, brainstorm ideas that help avoid catastrophic mistakes, and so forth.
As Nicole points out, building on top of open source gets all the benefits of shallow bugs, and building a solution that is also open source means the shallow bugs might end up being your own. Starting with an inner source model helps an organization learn how to act in the open source way, so they are more skilled and more bold when it comes to collaborating externally on software projects.
The one line from the op-ed that really bothered me was "there is no such thing as a body of code without bugs".
First of all, to take a line from the great Edsger Dijkstra, the usage of the term "bug" is dishonest and deflects responsibility of the failure from the programmer when the bug is more properly called a "fault", and a program with a fault is more properly called "wrong".
But on a broader level, I think it's a crying shame that we, as a society, have become so accustomed and desensitized to software failures that we don't hold computer programs to the same standards of quality that we expect from roads and bridges, cars and planes, power infrastructure and water treatment facilities.
What I love about openness is that it provides accountability for the engineering behind software. Open source developers have the advantage that they can leverage that openness while holding their own work to a higher standard, establishing more confidence in their code.
You can rant the same about the word "typo". They both come from the same thing, human fallibility. And yes, I think it's a crying shame that we, as a society, have become so accustomed and desensitized to writing failures that we don't hold literature to the same standards of quality that we expect from roads and bridges, cars and planes, power infrastructure and water treatment facilities. :)
I would also add that, although there is no algorithm that proves the correctness of software, if you use correctly the right tools you can have very tight software. The first thing that comes to my mind is SPARK ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARK_(programming_language) ) a subset of Ada that can be used to formally prove the correctness of software.
Of course, you could make a mistake in the formal specs of your code, but I expect that the probability of making two complementary mistakes (in the code and in the spec) so that they pass the formal check, is quite low...
I agree with the previous comments, a 'bug' now is a give in any software.
However, I find this leads to two famous arguments - closed source and open source code. If closed source code was so secure and superior because no one can see the code to exploit it. Then why is it when the closed source code is released in an 'exploitative' way the vendors are concerned?
I do not see any concern to see source code if the OS, APP ect... is written correctly. Two people may not write in the same way and sometimes being 'open' to suggestions gives you a broader view point of the overall picture than just a 'narrow' view of a widget.
I have found a collaborative effort will produce better results when the individuals contribution is appreciated. In the real world is farther from the truth, most of the time one person wants to be promoted as the one horse show or taking all the glory.
If you think all code is strewn with bugs, why do you fly, or for for that matter trust a traffic light? Open or closed, testing and quality control is absolutely necessary and is often minimized in a project that is late. Perhaps, in fact Apple and Oracle have something, owning everything from hardware, operating system, compilers and developed code in their products.
P.S. I should have used the word "defects" rather than "bugs". My mistake. . .
I somewhat disagree with the author's assertion. Open source does not necessarily mean more defect free software. Open source software will probably be more defect-free if enough competent people have examined the source code and the changes are managed by a competent team.
Closed proprietary software has an incentive to get things right - otherwise their product will not sell and they may end up at the wrong end of a law suit.


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The varsity basketball team's starting five treated one of their cheerleaders to a rousing Texas five star.
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