text:
Cloud Backup FAQ
Account Services
Why do I get a 403 error when trying to migrate a vault?
When you use the API endpoint to migrate an existing vault to a new agent, the new agent should not be configured with any new backup configurations of its own.
You also cannot migrate an encrypted vault.
See Migrate Vault API call for a description.
Why does my backup fail with the error:
container does not exist Invalid snapshot id and engine, and check config_backup.json id.?
The Cloud Files container named z_DO_NOT_DELETE_CloudBackup is
required for Rackspace Cloud Backup to work properly. If this container
is deleted, you will receive the error,
Container does not exist.
Invalid snapshot id and engine, and check config_backup.json id when
you attempt to do a backup.
There are two causes for this error:
- The user has deleted the Cloud Files container where their backups are stored.
- Clicking the View Configuration link does not display the JSON configuration. The common cause of this is that the customer has backup configurations that are in a corrupted state.
To resolve this error, do not delete the z_DO_NOT_DELETE_CloudBackup container in your Cloud Files account; it is used for backup. If you have accidentally deleted this container, contact Rackspace Support.
What is Rackspace Cloud Backup?
Rackspace Cloud Backup is a service that allows you to select and back up specific files and folders from your Cloud Server. You can schedule any number of Backup jobs, and restore to the same system or a different one, giving you the flexibility and power to work with your schedule and your data.
Some key features are
- Select the files and folders from your Cloud Server you want to back up
- Run your backups manually or on a schedule that works for you
- See the activity from all your backups, both current and previous
- Use AES-256 encryption with a private encryption key known only to you
- Restore individual files and folders from a particular date
- Save space with incremental backups that only save the changed portions of files
- Create unlimited Backups
For information on getting started with Cloud Backup, see our introduction for Cloud Backup.
Can Cloud Backup change my system config file, even after I have modified it?
Yes - Some Ubuntu users have older agents installed on their machines. In order to communicate properly with your system, the config file may need to be overwritten with a current version.
How does Rackspace Cloud Backup handle corrupt files?
Cloud Backup double-checks to make sure files get written properly when backed up and restored. However, if an uploaded file is corrupt, it will get backed up and restored as corrupted. The backup and restore processes themselves should never corrupt files. File corruption occurring in Cloud Files itself may render the backup unusable, should this ever occur.
What happens if I lose my encryption key?
Rackspace does not store customer encryption keys. Only you will know and be able to access your encryption passphrase. If you forget your passphrase, you will not be able to restore data from your backups.
For more information, see the section on Setting up encryption on your Cloud Backup system in the list of Cloud Backup actions.
How do I generate a Rackspace Cloud Backup Encryption key?
If you wish to create your own encrypted key and bypass the default client-side encryption, please refer to this article on using OpenSSL to generate a key.
Where are my Cloud Backups stored?
All of your Cloud Backups are stored in your Cloud Files account.
But what if I never set up a Cloud Files account?
When you established your Cloud account, a Cloud Files account was set up as well. You are not charged storage fees for your Cloud Files account until you begin storing things in it.
How many backup jobs can I have at one time?
You can create any number of backup jobs for each of your servers, and you can include a nearly unlimited number of files in each job.
For more information, see Creating a Backup.
What is deduplication?
Our block-level deduplication backs up only those portions of files that have changed since the previous backup. This means you don't needlessly backup the same unchanged data again and again. This increases efficiency by reducing the amount of data that is transferred for each backup, and reduces your storage space by not storing duplicate data. An added benefit is that this capability enables you to retrieve previous versions of your files (up to the limits specified in your data retention settings).
See the section on Scheduling and Deduplication in the list of Cloud Backup actions.
Can I use Rackspace Cloud Backup on my server?
You can use Rackspace Cloud Backup on virtually any server in the Rackspace Cloud. The exceptions are FreeBSD 9, Debian 5 and Windows 2003.
Note: If you have servers that are not in the Rackspace Cloud, you can use the equivalent service offered by JungleDisk for those servers.
If you have a server with a Managed Operations Service Level, you may already have the Cloud Backup agent installed on your system. If not, contact your account representative to get started.
For more information, see the Rackspace Cloud Backup introduction.
How long are my Cloud Backups kept?
You choose how long your backups are saved: 30 days, 60 days, or indefinitely.
See the section on Retaining your Backup in the list of Cloud Backup actions.
How do I configure my Rackspace Cloud Backups?
You set up your backups in the Rackspace Cloud Backup Control Panel.
If you need to create a new Backup, click the System you want to back up, and then the Create Backup button. If you already have a Backup and want to re-configure it, click the gear icon next to the Backup name and select Configure Backup. See our page on Configuring a Backup through Backup Actions for more information.
Backups can be set to run hourly, daily, weekly, or on demand (manually).
Read more about Scheduling your Backup in the list of Cloud Backup actions.
Are 32-bit servers and agents on Linux supported?
No, 32-bit servers and agents on Linus are not supported.
Why does by Backup fail with a 403 error from Cloud Files when account has sub-users?
I am registered as a sub-user and am authorized for Cloud Backup and not for Cloud Files access. When I attempt to do a backup, all requests to Cloud Files return a 403 error. In this case, I attempt to authenticate again, but the new auth token is the same as the old one.
Account administrators can manage permission levels in the User Management section of the Cloud Control Panel. Submit a request to your account administrator for Full access to your account or Administrative access to Cloud Files for your sub-user account.
What does Rackspace Cloud Backup cost?
With advanced deduplication and compression capabilities built-in, Rackspace Cloud Backup can save you money by using less storage. Standard rates for Cloud Files storage fees apply. For current storage fees, see the Cloud Files storage fees.
Why are files that are being modified during backup missing or corrupted?
There are 3 types of files that change as Cloud Backup backs them up:
- Files that are being overwritten or get deleted as we back them up.
- Files like logs that get appended to as we back them up.
- Files like databases that may have random updates to any part of them as we back them up.
If files are modified during backup, they may be:
- Overwritten or Deleted: These files are not guaranteed to have usable content or to even be included in the backup at all.
- Appended: We will make a best effort to back these up, but we expect to be able to restore a reasonable and usable form of these files.
- Randomly Updated: We do not in any way guarantee that these files will be restorable, and even if they are restored, we do not guarantee that what is restored is not corrupt.
These file types either change too rapidly (databases, logs, caches) or don't exist long enough to be backed up (session files). Session files should be avoided entirely. And if the information is valuable to your business, log files should track it. Caches should also be avoided, as their data is meant to be discarded.
If you do need to back up these files, our suggested workarounds are:
- For databases - Take a snapshot of the database (e.g., a database dump) and back up the dump. See Rackspace Cloud Backup - Backing up Databases for full instructions.
- For log files - Take snapshots of your log files and back them up.
- To avoid running out of disk space, rotate your log files periodically.
Does the backup agent accept incoming connections?
No. The agent only makes outgoing SSL connections to our API server on port 443.
©2016 Rackspace US, Inc.
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License


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Coconut Almond Granola RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
5 1 1
"We tried the hard and crunchy granolas but really didn't like them," says Kathy Winn of New Lothrop, Michigan. "This recipe, however, was an instant hit. It makes a healthy breakfast or snack."
- 3 tablespoons canola oil
- 3 tablespoons honey
- 1/4 teaspoon almond extract
- 2 cups quick-cooking oats
- 3 tablespoons flaked coconut
- 3 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder
- 3 tablespoons sliced almonds
- In an ungreased 1-1/2-qt. baking dish, combine the oil, honey and extract. Stir in the oats, coconut and milk powder.
- Bake at 350° for 15-20 minutes or until golden brown, stirring occasionally. Stir in the almonds. Cool. Store in a covered container. Yield: 3 cups.
Originally published as Coconut Almond Granola in Cooking for 2 Fall 2006, p35
Reviews for Coconut Almond Granola
Please Log In or Join to add a rating and review.
Click stars to rate
Any changes to your rating or review will appear where you originally posted your review

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Longaberger Company to open pottery-making facility in Buffalo
BUFFALO, N.Y. -- The Ohio-based Longaberger basket company is going to resume making its pottery in the United States.
The company is scheduled to cut the ribbon on a 300,000-square-foot facility in Buffalo on Monday. Longaberger says it's part of its "Project Eagle" effort to move to an all American-made line.
Longaberger and Niagara Ceramics of Buffalo will team up on Longaberger's Woven Traditions pottery, which the company says was launched in 1992 and has been made overseas since 2005.
Company officials say that 22 people will be working on Longaberger pottery in Buffalo.
The Longaberger Company was founded in 1973. Its baskets and other products are sold by about 25,000 independent home salespeople.


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Top Definition
The act of being stupid. Also known as BTB (big time bidu).
Matt: "Man did you see rob tonight, he was creeping on grenades the entire time."
Paul: "Ya bro he's bidu."
Scott: "BTB for sure."
Paul: "Ya bro he's bidu."
Scott: "BTB for sure."
de anonymous1. 25 Septembrie 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
fricken bidu
de vanipow 31 Martie 2015
The act of being crazily awesome and insanely good at everything.
"That guy jumping off of that building is totally bidu".
de william crazyface 02 Ianuarie 2008


text:
Top Definition
(v.: intr. or reflexively transitive) to procrastinate in a way that seriously fucks you over, short term or in the long run, especially by way of meaningless activities; -tination,(n.) the act of profuctinating
I really profuctinate(d) myself last night on Urban Dictionary; I should have been writing my paper.
Por Yuck-Yucky-san 08 de diciembre de 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


text:
on February 5, 2013 - 12:45 AM
, updated February 5, 2013 at 2:53 AM
A proposal by a freshman Cheektowaga Town Board member calling for downsizing Erie County's largest town board from seven to five members was rejected Monday night for the second time in less than a week.
The latest rejection came during a Town Board meeting in Town Hall.
Council Member Angela M. Wozniak, during a board discussion portion of the meeting, reintroduced her initiative that would see the board shed two of its members at the start of 2016. The motion and plea by Wozniak were met by applause by many of the several dozen who crowded into the Council Chambers for anticipated discussion on the issue of downsizing.
"The irresponsible spending needs to end," said Wozniak, who estimates the town could save as much as $88,000 annually. "I believe downsizing our Town Board to five members will be a step in the right direction."
Four of the 932 towns statewide have seven-member boards.
Cheektowaga is one of them and is the only one in Erie County.
Wozniak's colleagues defended the size of the board, arguing that the size of the town and the business that it generates necessitates a seven-member board.
"At least if you have seven members on the board, you have seven people with very diverse backgrounds," explained Council Member Charlie Markel.
Added Gerald P. Kaminski, who was elected with Wozniak to the board in 2011: "If you would like to talk about efficiency, I would much rather talk about merging towns and villages – talk about Sloan and Depew. I think there's a lot of ways to save money."
Supervisor Mary F. Holtz said she "can't do it all" and needs the help of every board member.
"We've downsized our department heads, we've downsized our employees … we are very, very lean," Holtz said. "We're downsizing in the right spots."
Holtz said Wozniak's effort to get the measure before voters would be futile. "We're not doing it," said Holtz.
Holtz's stance, according to downsizing advocate Kevin P. Gaughan, is "disappointing."
"By blocking a public vote, Cheektowaga Town Board members sadly revealed the disdain they hold for town voters," Gaughan said after the meeting, "but their actions will only make Cheektowaga residents more determined to streamline their government."
Gaughan, who couldn't attend Monday's meeting, believes voters in Cheektowaga would overwhelmingly support downsizing from seven to five members, if given the chance. Gaughan said his team amassed some 27,000 signatures on a petition from Cheektowaga residents a few years ago in support of downsizing.
Because of state law provisions, residents can only force a referendum on the issue on five-member town boards. The measure would need to be first approved by the Town Board in Cheektowaga to reach voters for their consideration. Gaughan vowed to fight on to get them that chance.
About a dozen residents weighed in on the issue at Monday's meeting, with most falling on the side of downsizing, or at least letting voters have their say on the issue.
See the blog of Monday's meeting at Buffalo News Live at buffalonews.com. email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Ask A Librarian @ Monroe County Public Library
Please read these guidelines before sending in your question.
Ask a Librarian
Live chat with a reference librarian is available whenever we are open. You can also send your question by filling out the Ask A Librarian form or send us a text at 812-TXT-4003 (812-898-4003).


text:
item(s) in cart
My Account X
Winchester Super X3 Field Compact Shotgun
Key Features
Shorter 13" Length-of-Pull
Lightweight Aluminum Receiver
.742" Back-Bored Technology
Ambidextrous, Cross-Bolt Safety
Invector-Plus Choke Tubes Included
Our Price $999.99 - $1,069.99
$50 Rebate Available
- To buy online and deliver to a Gander Mountain store or an Independent Firearms Dealer, simply add this item to your cart. Click here for additional details.
- Firearms shipping charge of $25.00 per item.
- You must be at least 18 years old to purchase this item. State and local laws may vary.
Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.
- details
detailsback to top
Product DescriptionSmaller statured hunters should try the Super X3 Field Compact, a smaller version of the fastest shotgun afield. It has all the features of the full-size Super X3 and a shorter 13" length-of-pull stock to fit those with smaller builds. The SX3 Field has a satin-oil-finished walnut stock with classic cut checkering that improves grip and looks elegant. The matte black receiver is strong, lightweight aluminum alloy for easy carrying and .742" back-bored technology provides optimum shot patterns that are dense and even. The ambidextrous cross-bolt safety is easily reversible, the Pachmayr Decelerator recoil pad provides optimal protection against felt recoil, and a drop-out trigger group allows for easy cleaning. 3" chrome-plated chamber and bore. Brass bead front sight. Three Invector-Plus choke tubes (F, M, IC) included.


text:
Source: Justin Angel [Google Cache]
quote: F-ck you Nokia!! (in Finnish) and Stop kicking me!! (in Finnish)
quote: seis potkaista we
quote: I'm not saying any of this makes him right, or smart;
quote: Microsoft stores the key/hash in plaintext and the algorithm to encrypt/decrypt the data next to the app itself.


text:
Mongoose Impasse 29" Mens Mountain Bike
1 year parts and labor
Trail riding is safe and fun with the Mongoose men's mountain bike Large wheels and an element suspension fork let the Mongoose Impasse HD 29 inch men's mountain bike roll over tough terrain with ease. The aluminum frame creates a lightweight, responsive ride. 21 speeds with SRAM twist shifters offer a gear range for every kind of terrain. The dual disc brakes provide excellent, instant stopping, because you never know when conditions out on the trail will change. This Mongoose men's mountain bike will have you looking at the trail in a whole new way. Easily tame bumps, roots and other obstacles with the large, 29 inch wheels and an SR Suntour suspension fork. The 21-speed drivetrain offers optimum gearing selection for any situation. Also features alloy rims and A-head stem.
- Mongoose Impasse HD 29 inch men's mountain bike
- Aluminum frame is lightweight and durable for easy controlled riding
- 29 inch big wheels roll over everything, while a front suspension fork smoothes the path ahead
- SRAM twist shifters change gears quickly and precisely through 21 speeds assisted by a Shimano rear derailleur
- Front and rear disc brakes provide all-condition braking
- Alloy crank is light weight and offers optimal gear selection for any situation
- Alloy rims offer lightweight durability
- Some assembly required
Specifications & Dimensions
Product Documentation
More Like This
View Product
View Product
View Product
View Product


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Wednesday, November 28, 2012
On behalf of the Summerville Journal Scene & Century 21 Properties Plus, we are thrilled to Ho-Ho-Host Breakfast with Santa event on Saturday, December 8 from 9 am Noon in the heart of our beautiful Downtown Summerville.
We realize you may have many questions about Breakfast with Santa so we will periodically send emails with more information to help you plan for the best family experience this holiday!
Check In Families may arrive anytime between 9:00 am - Noon. Upon arrival, please find the Check In table where you will be given a number and additional information about activities at the event. Numbers will be provided on a first come, first served basis. Santas helpers will give you an estimated time for your visit with Santa but please be patient as this will be our first Breakfast with Santa event.
While you wait, families are free to do any of the additional fun activities available such as making reindeer food for the big night, ornament making, Letters to Santa and more. Also enjoy the charm and beauty of Historic Downtown Summerville and take care of some Christmas shopping!
We know how hard waiting can be with young children, says Chris Zoeller, Santas helper. We want this to be a fun and memorable experience for the whole family so we planned some great activities for the kids to make waiting more enjoyable for all!
Breakfast Breakfast will be free for children 12 and under who visit Santa. Other family members may purchase breakfast if they wish. We will have more information on breakfast coming soon, so watch for further details!
Photos Santa is so excited to meet all the good boys and girls of Summerville! Kids can meet Santa and share with him whats on their Wish List. Photos will be taken at the event and then available for FREE download at www.JournalScene.com the following week. Families are also welcome to bring their own camera to catch those special moments. Please remember many families are eager to visit with Santa so we are requesting one photo per family.
Santas Helpers The Summerville Journal Scene proudly Ho-Ho-Hosts Breakfast with Santa but this event is also made possible by our partners: North Pole Presenting Sponsor Century 21 Properties Plus Breakfast Provided by Ladles Santa's Workshop Activity Sponsors providing fun activities for the kids: Reagin Orthodontics Tony Pope, Agent State Farm Insurance Trina Woods, Realtor The Summerville Journal Scene thanks their partners, Santa Claus for visiting Summerville and the families who are taking time out of their holiday to spend with us! We look forward to an exciting event. Until then, thank you for BELIEVING!
© 2016 The Journal Scene an Evening Post Industries company. All Rights Reserved.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Parental Consent Form.


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quote: he sooner the world accepts that religions are a sham the better off it will be.
quote: A cause, principle, or activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion.
quote: Science cannot explain "forever" or "endless". There is a limit to any science of the "known" universe yet there is no end and science cannot explain this.
quote: Most religion is not crusading or having holy wars,
quote: There are always a few extremists...
quote: it is a belief in something that no man or scientist can explain or have an answer for


text:
The definition of sexy.
Mandy Moore is hot.
por diction 09 de Abril de 2003
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
Mandy Moore is a very talented and beautiful singer/actress. She also comes off as genuinely sweet in her interviews. She also has the most beautiful pair of long legs!
Mandy Moore's boyfriend is one lucky bastard!
por Pissed Off Paul 10 de Outubro de 2003
A girl with a pretty face. She's also probably one of the last GOOD roll model popstars out there. Where did britney and SlutTina go wrong?
por mehhh 11 de Outubro de 2003
a sexy singer/actress with gorgeous long legs
Any man who is not attracted to Mandy Moore is a queer!
por Da Nastee One 03 de Outubro de 2003
You would.
I'd give Mandy Moore one.
por Adrian 12 de Dezembro de 2003
actress; singer
movies: a walk to remember, how to deal
cd: so real, i wanna be with you, mandy moore
cd: so real, i wanna be with you, mandy moore
por Gio aka BIG Mandy fan 27 de Julho de 2003
one of the best singers out there great role model and awesome lyrics!
" I wanna be with you, if only for a night to be the one in your arms to hold you tight."
por our last night fan! 18 de Fevereiro de 2005


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Author Affiliations: Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development Service, Center of Excellence, and The Center of Inquiry to Improve Outpatient Safety Through Effective Electronic Communication, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Drs Singh, Khan, and Petersen, and Mss Mani and Espadas); University of Texas at Houston–Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston (Dr Thomas); University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences and the University of Texas–Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality & Safety, Houston (Dr Sittig); and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Dr Arora).
Given the fragmentation of outpatient care, timely follow-up of abnormal diagnostic imaging results remains a challenge. We hypothesized that an electronic medical record (EMR) that facilitates the transmission and availability of critical imaging results through either automated notification (alerting) or direct access to the primary report would eliminate this problem.
We studied critical imaging alert notifications in the outpatient setting of a tertiary care Department of Veterans Affairs facility from November 2007 to June 2008. Tracking software determined whether the alert was acknowledged (ie, health care practitioner/provider [HCP] opened the message for viewing) within 2 weeks of transmission; acknowledged alerts were considered read. We reviewed medical records and contacted HCPs to determine timely follow-up actions (eg, ordering a follow-up test or consultation) within 4 weeks of transmission. Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering effect by HCPs analyzed predictors for 2 outcomes: lack of acknowledgment and lack of timely follow-up.
Of 123 638 studies (including radiographs, computed tomographic scans, ultrasonograms, magnetic resonance images, and mammograms), 1196 images (0.97%) generated alerts; 217 (18.1%) of these were unacknowledged. Alerts had a higher risk of being unacknowledged when the ordering HCPs were trainees (odds ratio [OR], 5.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86-10.89) and when dual-alert (>1 HCP alerted) as opposed to single-alert communication was used (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.36). Timely follow-up was lacking in 92 (7.7% of all alerts) and was similar for acknowledged and unacknowledged alerts (7.3% vs 9.7%; P = .22). Risk for lack of timely follow-up was higher with dual-alert communication (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.06-3.48) but lower when additional verbal communication was used by the radiologist (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04-0.38). Nearly all abnormal results lacking timely follow-up at 4 weeks were eventually found to have measurable clinical impact in terms of further diagnostic testing or treatment.
Critical imaging results may not receive timely follow-up actions even when HCPs receive and read results in an advanced, integrated electronic medical record system. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve patient safety in this area.
Communication breakdown is consistently identified as a preventable factor in studies of adverse events1- 6 and a significant contributor to outpatient diagnostic errors from a lack of follow-up of abnormal test results.7- 12 The volume of outpatient care and nature of high-risk transitions between health care practitioners/providers (HCPs), settings, and systems of care makes timely communication particularly challenging.13 For example, a patient referred for diagnostic workup for respiratory symptoms by a primary care provider (PCP) may undergo several laboratory and imaging tests and a pulmonary consultation. Any abnormal findings such as a possible lung mass would need to be communicated rapidly and effectively to the treating HCPs to ensure adequate follow-up.
Electronic communication using alerts (computerized notifications of critical information such as abnormal diagnostic test results) can facilitate transmission and potentially a response and follow-up action by the ordering HCP—an advantage over paper-based reporting.14 For instance, the electronic medical record (EMR) used by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mostly relies on a notification system (the "View Alert" window) to alert clinicians about critical test results, whereas only in selected life-threatening cases does the radiologist verbally communicate the abnormality to the HCP.14 However, effective communication involves more than just information transfer—it requires a response from the recipient, such as taking follow-up action and acknowledging receipt of the information to the sender.15 Previous studies raise concern that HCPs may not read all their alerts.14,16- 19 Data on outpatient drug-related alerts have shown that HCPs ignore alerts because of information overload,20- 23 often resulting in failure to act on important as well as clinically unimportant alerts.20 While no data exist to substantiate a similar problem for diagnostic test result alerts, HCPs often receive several hundred normal diagnostic test results and many abnormal alerts every week, suggesting that a similar problem could exist.24
Given that research in this area has thus far focused on critical results that either fail to reach the ordering HCPs or were somehow "missed" by HCPs after the delivery of information, we hypothesized that an EMR that facilitates the transmission and availability of critical imaging results through either automated notification or direct access of primary report would eliminate this problem. Because there is limited knowledge about why test results get lost to follow-up in EMR systems, we also determined predictors of communication breakdowns (ie, not reading or taking follow-up action) to help us gain insight about potential interventions to improve safety related to the follow-up of abnormal test results.13,14
We identified all alerts for critically abnormal radiographs, computerized tomographic (CT) scans, magnetic resonance images (MRIs), mammograms, and ultrasonograms transmitted electronically in the multispecialty ambulatory clinic of the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (MEDVAMC) and its 5 satellite clinics from November 2007 to June 2008. The local institutional review boards approved the study.
To confirm that HCPs actually received the alert, we queried the Alert Tracking File, the same repository used by the EMR to populate the HCP's View Alert window. We excluded all alerts related to imaging studies performed on inpatients. Being their only "inbox" for all types of notifications, HCPs in the VA are highly dependent on the View Alert system for their abnormal test results. Except for mandatory notifications, receiving various types of notifications is a configurable parameter (for instance, HCPs have an option to turn normal test result notifications off). We studied mandatory critical imaging alerts transmitted to all types of HCPs (attending physicians, allied HCPs, and trainees) working in a variety of specialties.
The Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) is the EMR used at all VA facilities. It is maintained within the Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture (VISTA), an automated information system used to support ambulatory and inpatient care.25 The CPRS includes a notification system (the View Alert system) for alerting clinicians to clinically significant events such as abnormal diagnostic test results. Because of computerized provider order entry, the ordering clinician is always known and notified. When the PCP (usually a permanent staff HCP) is out of the office, they can assign covering surrogate HCPs to receive their alerts. When a trainee, a subspecialist, a surrogate, or a substitute HCP orders a test, a second alert is automatically transmitted to the PCP (ie, dual-alert communication). For the purposes of our study, any HCP who received an alert was considered responsible for timely follow-up (eg, if 2 HCPs are alerted, we considered them both responsible for timely follow-up).
Using predefined standardized codes, staff radiologists electronically coded abnormal imaging that required action as alerts,14 which were then transmitted to the View Alert window. The window is displayed when HCPs log on or switch between patient records and contains alerts on all of their patients, regardless of which record is viewed. Per institutional protocol, alerts stay active in the window for 2 weeks. Health care providers are expected to process alerts in a timely manner but have an option of ignoring the View Alert window to bypass it. Occasionally, while evaluating the medical record in response to other reasons, such as a patient visit or telephone call, HCPs may become aware of an abnormal imaging result and review the report without clicking on its corresponding alert.
Two weeks after alert transmission, we queried VISTA through an alert-management-tracking program to determine whether the alert had been "acknowledged," (ie, any of the notified HCPs clicked on and opened the message). If alerts were acknowledged, they disappeared from the View Alert window and we considered them read. Each week, we downloaded both acknowledged and unacknowledged alerts corresponding to our time period (see timeline, Figure 1). The downloaded list included patient identifiers and ordering location, names of HCPs receiving the alert, and the date and type of imaging study. Outpatient alerts in which the patient was hospitalized after alert generation but prior to our medical chart review were categorized separately because the hospitalizations were not always related to the abnormal test result (hence, follow-up may not occur). Cases in which the radiologist verbally communicated the results (via telephone or face to face) to the HCP in addition to sending the alert were also categorized separately. Institutional protocol requires that documentation of verbal communication is always included in the imaging report.
Timeline to assess study outcomes.
A reviewer (H.A.) blinded to acknowledgment status evaluated the medical records of patients to determine if there was any documented response to the alert. Response was defined as any documented evidence of follow-up action, such as contacting the patient or ordering a follow-up test or consultation or hospitalizing the patient for the test result and its presence was considered timely follow-up. If no response was documented, a second study investigator (S.M.) confirmed the findings in the medical record and then contacted the ordering HCP by telephone. We used this procedure to determine HCPs' awareness of test results and any follow-up action they took but failed to document. If the ordering HCP was unavailable, we called the PCP of the patient (who also receives the alert per protocol). These processes helped confirm whether the test result lacked timely follow-up at the end of 4 weeks after alert transmittal. Lack of timely follow-up was said to occur when there was no response (documented follow-up action at initial medical chart review) and when the HCP had not performed any undocumented follow-up action before our call. We allowed 4 weeks as the maximum time to follow up on non–life-threatening findings based on our previous work.14 When we called HCPs and lack of timely follow-up was confirmed, we encouraged them to initiate appropriate follow-up action and rereviewed their records a week later to check for action. Outcome variables were defined as communication breakdown at the electronic acknowledgment step or the timely follow-up step.
We identified 2 groups of alerts corresponding to the 2 outcome variables representing communication breakdown in our study: (1) alerts lacking electronic acknowledgment vs acknowledged alerts at 2 weeks after alert transmission and (2) alerts lacking timely follow-up vs those receiving timely follow-up at 4 weeks after alert transmission. We compared the distribution (as proportions) of several independent variables such as ordering HCP specialty (primary care, medicine subspecialties, and surgery, among others), ordering HCP type (physician, trainee, and allied health professionals), type of imaging test (radiographs, CT scans, MRIs, mammograms, and ultrasonograms), use of additional verbal communication by the radiologist, and use of dual-alert communication between the groups. Dual-alert communication was counted as one instance of alerting in the denominator. If one of the alerted HCPs followed up the test result, the alert was considered followed up even if the second HCP did not perform any follow-up. The χ2 test was used for categorical variables, and the Fisher exact test was used when the assumptions for χ2 were not met. Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering effect by HCPs were used to identify factors associated with the 2 outcome variables (ie, lack of acknowledgment, lack of timely follow-up). Predictor variables included all covariates with P values of <.20 in univariate testing. The models were fit using maximum likelihood estimation; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Specialties from univariate analysis were combined into the following groups for multivariable testing: primary care, emergency medicine, surgery, and other subspecialties. To ensure that the model had stable and precise estimates of ORs, variables with small numbers of patients with a given characteristic (such as mammograms) were removed, and a final model was run on the remaining predictor variables.
Between November 2007 and June 2008, 123 638 outpatient studies (including radiographs, CT scans, ultrasonograms, MRIs, and mammograms) were performed, from which 1196 images (0.97%) generated alerts. Figure 2 illustrates the outcomes of these 1196 abnormal imaging reports. For 206 alerts (17.2%), the radiologist also communicated verbally with the HCP; for 172 (14.4%), the patient was subsequently admitted after alert transmission; and for 73 (6.1%), there was evidence of both. A total of 979 alerts (81.9%) were tracked as acknowledged and 217 (18.1%) were tracked as unacknowledged. No evidence of documented follow-up action was found in 131 of the alerts (11%). In 20 of these cases (1.7%), we determined that calling the HCP would be unnecessary or make no impact on outcome because the diagnosis was not new, the patient was already receiving appropriate care for the condition, or the patient had died. This decision was made after an additional investigator (H.S.) agreed with the initial reviewer, and these alerts were not considered to lack timely follow-up. In the remaining 111 cases, we called the HCPs to determine if undocumented follow-up care had occurred and if any intentional decision had been made to not pursue follow-up.
Study flowchart of outcomes. *In 20 cases, calling health care providers was determined unnecessary.
Overall, 92 alerts (7.7%) lacked timely follow-up at 4 weeks; thus, the estimated rate of lack of timely follow-up was 0.07% of all diagnostic imaging tests performed. In these cases, we rereviewed the record a week after our initial call to determine if the HCPs took any follow-up action. We found that in 46 cases (50%), HCPs had executed the appropriate action.
In Table 1 we compare types of communication, characteristics of ordering HCPs, and types of imaging between the acknowledged and unacknowledged alerts using univariate testing. Additional verbal communication by the radiologist and hospitalization of the patient within 2 weeks of alert transmission was not significantly associated with acknowledgment. Types and specialties of ordering HCPs and types of imaging tests were significantly different across the 2 groups. For instance, trainees and surgical specialties were less likely to acknowledge alerts compared with other types and specialties of ordering HCPs (P < .001 for both). Radiographs were more likely to be acknowledged (P < .001) than other imaging tests.
In a logistic regression model for lack of acknowledgment, the following variables were significant (data not shown in the Tables): physician assistants as ordering HCPs compared with attending physicians (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.98); trainees as ordering HCPs (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.86-10.89); and when dual-alert as opposed to single-alert communication was used (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.36).
Of 74 alerts unacknowledged by trainees that were followed by a documented response in the medical record at the time of review, the ordering trainee directly responded to the test result (without opening the alert) in 34 cases, 9 of which were prompted by a direct notification by the radiologist. In the remaining 40 cases, another HCP documented a response to the report, 4 of which were prompted by a direct notification by the radiologist.
Table 2 lists a univariate analysis comparing the following characteristics between the 92 alerts determined to lack timely follow-up at 4 weeks vs those that received timely follow-up: presence or absence of acknowledgment, types of communication, characteristics of ordering HCPs, and types of imaging. There was no significant difference in rates of lack of timely follow-up between the acknowledged and unacknowledged alerts (7.3% vs 9.7%; P = .22). Additional verbal communication and instances when the patient was hospitalized within 2 weeks of alert transmission were significantly more likely to be associated with timely follow-up (P < .001). No statistically significant differences in HCP type or specialty were seen, but certain tests (CT scans and MRIs) were more likely associated with timely follow-up (P = .02).
In a logistic regression model for lack of timely follow-up, the following variables were significant predictors (Table 3): additional verbal communication (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04-0.38); a subsequent hospital admission after alert transmission (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.38); alerts of CT scans (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.85); and when dual-alert as opposed to single-alert communication was used (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.06-3.48).
Table 4 gives the types of near-miss abnormalities (defined as events that could have harmed the patient but did not cause harm as a result of chance, prevention, or mitigation26) in cases that lacked timely follow-up vs those that did not. Chest imaging showing a nonspecific density was more likely to be associated with a lack of timely follow-up (P = .04). All near-misses had potential to lead to missed or delayed diagnosis had we not intervened; the majority of these (62 of 92 [67.4%]) were related to some form of a suspected new malignant neoplasm. Half (50.0%) of the test results lacking timely follow-up were abnormal chest radiographs. Although obtaining qualitative data from practitioners was not a part of this study, 7 HCPs we called volunteered that someone else other than them (eg, the PCP) was the HCP responsible for follow-up.
Subsequent evaluation of the importance and outcomes of the 92 imaging test results that did not receive timely follow-up was conducted, and data were collected on outcomes that were the direct result of the imaging result in question. Table 5 lists the outcomes determined at 9 months after the date of the test. Although we could not determine outcomes in 5 cases because the patient did not return to the institution, all other tests had a measurable clinical impact in terms of either diagnostic testing or treatment. In these 92 cases, more than one-fourth (n = 26 [28%]) led to a new diagnosis being established. Cancer was determined to be a new diagnosis in 11 of these cases.
In a study of 1196 critical imaging notifications in an integrated EMR, we found 92 results (7.7%) without timely follow-up at 4 weeks after result transmission. Our findings suggest that an EMR that facilitates transmission and availability of critical imaging results to the HCP through either automated notification or direct access of primary report does not eliminate the problem of missed test results even when 1 or more HCPs read the results. Communicating alerts to 2 recipients, which occurred when tests were ordered by the HCP other than the regular PCP, significantly increased the odds that the alert would not be read and would not receive timely follow-up action. This could have resulted because the lines of responsibility for follow-up were less clear with dual-alert communication; the PCP may assume the ordering HCP was providing follow-up and vice-versa. Verbal communication by the radiologist in addition to the electronic communication strongly predicted timely response and follow-up, probably because radiologists called only for emergent and life-threatening findings. Nearly all abnormal results lacking timely follow-up were eventually found to have measurable clinical impact in terms of further diagnostic testing or treatment.
We unexpectedly found that imaging test results flagged as "critical" may not receive timely follow-up actions even when confirmed to have been read by HCPs. Therefore, even in the best of information systems that contain advanced notification features, patients with abnormal imaging test results are vulnerable to "falling through the cracks." This underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving human-computer interaction and informatics27,28 to complement the benefits achieved by automated notification and the need for continuous monitoring procedures to ensure follow-up even when HCPs "acknowledge," ie, read abnormal results. The impact of several factors such as time pressures, organizational characteristics, factors related to the task of processing alerts, technological factors, and HCP factors should be considered in the design of interventions to improve timely follow-up.29,30 Future studies should address process-of-care issues leading to such communication breakdowns and guide the design and implementation of the next generation of computerized notification systems in ambulatory care.
Our study provides a new and more accurate estimate of prevalence of critical imaging test results without follow-up within a defined time interval. In our previous work, we calculated this to be approximately 4% of critical imaging results, but this figure was based only on unacknowledged alerts.14 Unexpectedly, our present study shows a substantial lack of timely follow-up even in alerts read by HCPs; hence, the increase from our previous estimate. However, we believe that our estimates of lack of timely follow-up are likely better than in systems that do not use computerized notification, although accurate and comparable data from such systems is lacking.9,31
Trainees had a higher likelihood of not reading their alerts but were not associated with a lack of timely follow-up. In our system, as in many others, residents spend only one-half to 1 day in a 2-week period in an outpatient setting usually in their own continuity clinics. In addition, duty hour rules also impact their clinic schedule. Therefore, an alert related to an abnormal imaging test ordered by a resident may be not be subsequently opened and read by the same resident in a timely manner. Rather, an alternate or supervising physician may either receive a call from the radiologist or access the primary report in response to an alert, in their absence. In more than half of alerts unacknowledged by residents where a documented response was found in the medical record, it was another HCP who documented that response (ie, alternate or supervising physician).
Several predictors provided important information for future work in improving patient safety in this area. First, dual-alert communication (defined as when an alert was transmitted to 2 HCPs), intended to be a safeguard to protect against loss of follow-up was unexpectedly associated with a lack of timely follow-up. Preliminary evidence from our study suggests that HCPs may believe responsibility for follow-up belonged to someone else. While institutional practices may determine whether the PCP or another ordering HCP (for instance the subspecialist) follows up an abnormality, this problem may be improved by better tracking systems,14,32- 34 using reminders built into the EMR, and care-coordination programs.27,35- 38 Second, direct (verbal) communication is important and will continue to play a valuable role even in sophisticated EMR systems. Currently at our institution, direct communication is required only when test results are life-threatening or require an emergent intervention. However, our findings suggest that HCPs may perceive a lack of urgency for test results that have less immediate consequential implications (eg, suspicious for a new cancer). Policies and procedures regarding the use of verbal communication for such results may need to be reevaluated.39,40
While the next generation of EMR-based notification systems are being designed, we propose several potential interventions based on our findings that can be used immediately to improve timely follow-up of abnormal imaging results. First, every institution must develop and publicize a policy regarding who is responsible (PCP vs the ordering HCP, who may be a consultant) for taking action on abnormal results. Second, unacknowledged alerts must stay active on the EMR screen for longer periods, perhaps even indefinitely, and should require the HCP's signature and statement of action before they are allowed to drop off from the screen. This would also ensure alerts do not "disappear" before the HCP has a chance to order the follow-up action. Third, interventions to reduce alert overload and improve signal to noise ratio of alerts should be explored. For instance, unnecessary alerts should be minimized and alerts should be retracted when the patients dies or if the radiologist calls, or the patient is admitted before the alert is acknowledged.41 Fourth, the EMR should be automated to track not just acknowledgment but the specific response documenting that appropriate action has been taken for each abnormal alert. This would save time and expense of performing medical chart reviews and calling HCPs to confirm their actions. Lastly, an audit and performance feedback system should be established to give HCPs information on timely follow-up of patients' test results on a regular basis.42
Our study has several limitations. Because sophisticated tracking such as the one we used is not easily possible in the non-EMR environment and similar data from the pre-EMR era in the VA does not exist, lack of a comparison group was a limitation. Because of the study population and site, our findings may not be generalizable outside the VA setting, especially to free-standing clinics that do not use integrated EMR systems. However, with recent emphasis of EMR adoption and implementation nationally, we believe that our findings are of great significance. In addition, we did not account for any problems with alert transmission failures such as situations when the radiologist inadvertently did not code the report as an abnormality. Conversely, many factors including a large sample size, involvement of several clinics, large number of patients (more than 120 000 veterans in southeast Texas) and HCPs (more than 500 from different specialties), rigorous methods to determine timely follow-up and outcomes at 9 months of alerts without timely follow-up, various types of diagnostic imaging tests, and an advanced integrated EMR used in VA facilities nationwide all add unique strength to our study.
In conclusion, an EMR that facilitates transmission and availability of critical imaging results to the HCP through either automated notification or direct access of primary report does not eliminate the problem of missed test results even when 1 or more HCPs read the results. Dual-alert communication, intended to be a safeguard to protect against loss of follow-up, was unexpectedly associated with lack of timely follow-up. Future multidisciplinary studies should address process-of-care issues leading to such communication breakdowns and guide the design and implementation of the next generation of computerized notification systems in ambulatory care.
Correspondence: Hardeep Singh, MD, MPH, VA Medical Center (152), 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: May 22, 2009.
Author Contributions: Drs Singh and Khan had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Singh, Mani, and Petersen. Acquisition of data: Singh, Mani, Arora, and Espadas. Analysis and interpretation of data: Singh, Thomas, Mani, Sittig, Espadas, Khan, and Petersen. Drafting of the manuscript: Singh, Mani, Sittig, Arora, Espadas, and Khan. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Singh, Thomas, Mani, Sittig, Khan, and Petersen. Statistical analysis: Khan. Obtained funding: Singh and Petersen. Administrative, technical, and material support: Singh, Mani, Sittig, Arora, Espadas, and Petersen. Study supervision: Singh, Thomas, and Petersen.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Funding/Support: The study was supported by an NIH K23 career development award (K23CA125585) to Dr Singh, the VA National Center of Patient Safety, Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, and in part by the Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence (HFP90-020).
Role of the Sponsor: These sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the National Institutes of Health.
Additional Contributions: Meena Vij, MD, provided data support for our project.
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|December 24, 2012, 05:42 PM
Join Date: March 13, 2005
Location: north carolina
Posts: 723
Sent to both Senators!
|December 25, 2012, 12:46 AM
Join Date: December 15, 2012
Posts: 39
Even if your reps are obviously anti-gun, write 'em anyway. Let them know it's costing them your vote. This way they'll know how politically expensive the legislation they're pushing is to them and their party.
Wrote all my reps, split my christmas bonus between JPFO, NRA, and GOA. Civic engagement feels good.
|December 25, 2012, 10:49 AM
Join Date: March 11, 2011
Location: Missouri
Posts: 719
I borrowed a bit from Billy Shears, but improved upon some areas that I though were lacking some concept of the mental health field, and having uneducated folks make "lists" and such.
Here is my version..
I have refrained from writing to you on this matter before now, as it seemed only decent to wait a few days, unlike those who immediately leaped to politicize this horror in Connecticut. But having heard the increasing calls for gun control, and statements from prominent politicians that this represents "a tipping point," I am compelled to write to you and express my vehement opposition to a renewal of the so-called "assault weapons ban," or any other similar legislation. Why anyone imagines such legislation will be effective is a mystery I have yet to solve. As William Ralph Inge said, "It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor of vegetarianism, while wolves remain of a different opinion." Gun control laws, which will only be observed by the law abiding, amount to sheep passing a resolution in favor of vegetarianism. Yet criminals, who are prepared to break other laws, against murder, robbery, rape, and other offenses – laws which carry far greater penalties for breaking them than any gun control ordinance – are to be expected to balk at laws carrying or using guns because they have been outlawed? This makes no kind of sense.
Every year in this country, guns are used by law abiding people to defend themselves; even the lowest estimates put such uses in the hundreds of thousands per year. In 1994, the Department of Justice commissioned a survey which put the number at one and half million. Now, anti-gun zealots would put the ability of decent, law-abiding people at risk because of a single incident, horrific though it was, that cost a score of lives. I don't say this to be callous or to make light of the lives lost at the Sandy Hook Elementary School. But these events are rather like plane crashes: both spectacular, headline-grabbing events, but both are rare, and the loss of life from other causes actually far outstrips them. Many people are afraid of flying, and news of an airliner crashing will feed that fear. Yet the fact remains that if you want to travel from New York to Los Angeles, you are far more likely to arrive safely if you get on an airliner than if you climb into the family car to do it. However, if the family sedan is hit by a drunk driver, no one outside your family and friends will probably ever hear of it. If the airliner crashes, on the other hand, the whole nation will. So, such spectacular events as plane crashes make the news, and feed people's fears of flying. Yet all the while, vastly greater numbers of lives are lost in automobile accidents.
It is much the same with firearms. One spectacular, news-making tragedy like Sandy Hook feeds people's fears of guns, and stokes the demand for gun control. But none of those laws will be obeyed by criminals or madmen, and may cost far more lives than they save when law-abiding people, who will comply with the new laws, are thereby disarmed. None of the proposals I am hearing would have stopped Adam Lanza.
A properly trained concealed carry permit holder -in this case- teacher, security, or school resource officer may have prevented, or minimized this tragedy.
Gun-free zones are delusional concept in false sense of security. Statistics prove this, as do such recent events. That is a related but different discussion.
Today I am writing to you to stand up for the gun rights of the law-abiding citizens.
I, and many others believe the United States Constitution is the most supreme document in the modern world.
According to the second amendment, we have a right to be armed against tyranny, foreign and domestic. To be armed, one must be able to be equally armed. Making illegal higher capacity magazines, and certain ergonomic and cosmetic features would halter the design of the second amendment.
Not only that, but we plain out have fun at the range with our guns, as we ought to be able to.
But I realize that you and your colleagues in Congress are under tremendous pressure to do something. But I implore you to resist the knee-jerk calls for actions that will not have the slightest positive impact, and instead focus your efforts on achieving something that will help. The real problem that needs to be addressed is with the deranged individuals who commit these crimes.
Myself and many other believe some very simple yet highly effective measures could be standardized with the NICS background check system, and state level mental health records.
I am aware in some states, when a person is delayed for further review in the NICS system, the state has a process for sending relevant court and mental health records in for consideration.
I believe some basic factors should be standardized with this concept.
NICS should be able to access a basic profile on a persons mental health records, like they can conviction records, at the point of the call in, anybody that is deemed high risk, is immediately delayed, and the transaction is sent up for further review by someone with some unbiased education in the field of psychology.
If a person meets so much criteria, the transaction ought to be denied, much like a person with a felony conviction.
Then there is already an appeals process in place, that could be improved to include opinion of current or former medical care providers of said person, and friends and family, and local law enforcement Intel could be presented, and a formal process to solidify the denial, or put this person into a lower risk category, and proceed the transaction.
With such a measure, we need a system of checks and balances. We need to make sure that a regular Joe who sought treatment for depression 4 years ago, does not see his gun rights or other rights disappear.
We need to make sure unelected bureaucrats are not in a position to further an agenda that would take away the rights of for example:
A person who lost their spouse to cancer and had a nervous breakdown a few years ago, because instead of having the time to take off from work to properly heal and cope, they had to make a mortgage payment, keep working, keep going, and somehow make the income of one work with a planned life of two incomes and such.
Then you will have a solid achievement to point to when asked what steps have been taken to prevent another such tragedy as the one at Sandy Hook, and such a measure as this will not infringe the 2nd amendment rights of ordinary Americans, and will have the support of the NRA and other gun rights organizations, such as Gun Owners of America, National Association for Gun Rights, and Second Amendment Foundation. It's a better idea, it's politically feasible, and it's more just. This is an opportunity to improve upon existing laws or look into the idea to enact laws that may actually work, instead of infringing on the rights of the people with ineffective and unwarranted false solutions that actually do more harm than good, and cost a lot of time and money.
If you recall the election that followed the passage of the ineffective and agenda-influenced "Assault Weapon Ban" of 1994.. EVERY gun owner in America remembered who had forsaken the constitution, and many were voted out. With modern technology, the internet, and social media.. the facts are out there, the statistics are out there, and so are the votes of every senator and congressperson.
I hope you take the opportunity to consider the facts, and get to the bottom, and offer some real solutions, if any. Banning inanimate objects from law abiding citizens does harm to the country, and the constitution.
Last edited by GWARGHOUL; December 25, 2012 at 10:55 AM.
|December 27, 2012, 12:38 PM
Join Date: January 3, 2003
Location: 0 hrs east of TN
Posts: 46,972
Keep 'em short and focused on one point if you want them to be effective.
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has."
Margaret Mead
Please Read The Forum Rules
TheHighRoad exists to provide a higher grade of discussion than is found on some other gun forums so antis and undecideds can see that gun owners and RKBA advocates are not the reckless misanthropes they tell everyone we are. Personal attacks, group stereotyping, macho chest-thumping, and partisan hackery are low road and hurt all of us.
|December 27, 2012, 12:59 PM
Join Date: January 3, 2006
Location: Somewhere in the U.S., London, or Australia
Posts: 1,263
Thank you for all of those that have written their congressman. This is something we must do. However, I would like to address the point that I think most of us need to be more stern in our letters. In others words, instead of being all nice about it we need to blatantly tell them that any legislation enforcing any of these proposed bans or any ban of any kind will be met with resistance. That will get them thinking. I am serious about this. The time for being nice about it is over. We need to stand our ground and speak with a stern voice that this will not be tolerated.
I would also like to point out that many of us have not even brought up the fact that if these bans do get put in place then they could be effecting 150,000-200,000 people's jobs. That is a lot of people without work in an already dismal economy. Not to mention all of those soldiers from overseas that may be coming home looking for work. What are they going to do with all of those people? I bet you money that they have not even thought about that. Anyways this really hits close to home for me because I work in the industry and I just thought it might be something else to bring up in the letters you guys write to your congressmen. Thanks guys/gals.
|December 27, 2012, 02:13 PM
Join Date: September 8, 2012
Location: Southern VA
Posts: 764
Here is the letter I wrote:
|December 27, 2012, 05:22 PM
Join Date: January 9, 2011
Location: Raleigh, NC
Posts: 81
I thought the http://www.nraila.org/get-involved-l...your-reps.aspx was the easiest place to identify/contact every one of your state / federal reps.
|December 27, 2012, 06:05 PM
Join Date: January 7, 2009
Location: W. Washington
Posts: 1,781
Maybe if your rep is Feinstein, that's one thing...
But I can't help but think that this is the wrong attitude. No matter how anti-gun they are they should get flooded with letters, emails, emails, and calls. It may not make any difference in the end, but then again it may. And in any case they should get a feel for how many of their constituents disagree with them and how strongly. If everyone did this it might just be an eye-opening experience for them.
Totally not me
|December 28, 2012, 12:45 AM
Join Date: February 1, 2009
Location: IA
Posts: 3,426
I apologize if this has already been posted, but this thread may be worthwhile to read for those writing letters - which should be all of us.
It may contain some swearing, I don't recall.
Punting is winning.
|December 28, 2012, 11:19 AM
Join Date: April 26, 2010
Location: Twin Cities, MN
Posts: 134
|December 28, 2012, 03:50 PM
Join Date: December 21, 2008
Posts: 55
first time for everything
i have never been one to get involved with much because i either didnt know how or did not want to say or do something that would hurt or effect what ever it was i was for or possibly against. i now realize my voice needs to be heard so i contacted my senators here is one response i have recieved thus far.
Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison <email@example.com>
9:18 AM (5 hours ago)
to me
Dear Friend:
Thank you for contacting me regarding gun control legislation. I welcome your thoughts and comments on this issue.
While we all support the strongest measures to ensure that guns do not end up in the wrong hands, I believe that one of the most powerful deterrents we have is the consistent, full enforcement of the numerous laws that already address many aspects of the problem. For instance, there are more than a dozen laws at the state and federal level that deal with the use, carrying, ownership, or trafficking of guns, and we must prosecute without qualification those who violate these laws.
Rather than usurping the rights of law-abiding citizens, I believe we should vigorously prosecute those who use guns to commit crimes. I have worked to enact federal anti-crime legislation that imposes tough minimum sentences on those convicted of using firearms to commit crimes, prevents early parole for violent criminals, and provides federal funds to build new prisons and fund local law enforcement. I will continue to support legislation that fights crime and upholds our Second Amendment rights.
On June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court upheld the individual right to keep and bear arms in District of Columbia v. Heller. I submitted an amicus brief to the Court in support of affirming the District of Columbia's gun ban as unconstitutional, and was joined by 55 Senators, 250 House members, and the Vice President of the United States. This historic decision will affect gun laws throughout the country that try to unjustly undermine our rights under the Second Amendment.
I appreciate hearing from you, and I hope that you will not hesitate to keep in touch on any issue of concern to you.
Kay Bailey Hutchison
United States Senator
i am still waiting to hear back from the other senator i contacted.
i say come on guys if i can do it so can everyone else,we need to stand together and let our voices be heard.
|December 28, 2012, 03:55 PM
Join Date: September 8, 2012
Location: Southern VA
Posts: 764
|December 28, 2012, 03:59 PM
Join Date: September 8, 2012
Location: Southern VA
Posts: 764
Sent back:
|December 28, 2012, 09:13 PM
Join Date: January 20, 2010
Location: Northern Indiana
Posts: 514
Here's My Letter!!!
Here my letter to Congress. Feedback desired!
Dear Three Members of Congress and the President-
Please Vote NO on the Assault Weapons Ban!!!
I am your constituent, and I urge you to vote no on Senator Feinsteins Assault Weapons Ban. The details of the ban are oppressive, heavy handed, and over reaching.
The only solution to bad guys with guns are good guys with guns. The results of this bill becoming law will ensure that law-abiding citizens are less well armed than criminals, degenerates, and psychopaths.
The suggested registration of firearms is a chilling reminder of pre World War 2 Germany, where forced registration made it easy for Hitler and the Nazis to confiscate guns and disarm the Jews. There is but one real purpose of forcing gun registration, and it is the future confiscation of firearms from law-abiding citizens. Remember, criminals and crazies wont register their guns. Registration does not keep guns out of the hands of the bad guys. Note that the Newtown Massacre culprit did not own any guns, and would not have had to register any. The entire bill is very disturbing, but this is the most worrisome part.
Prohibition of the transfer of grand fathered guns is also very disturbing. U.S. Citizens have the right to own property and the confiscation of said property, even after death, is wrong. Part of the right of owning property is being able to buy and sell that property. That was and is the intension of the founding fathers. If an item is permitted to own, how can there be no trade? In addition, many of these guns are treasured heirlooms that have already come down from generations, and the owners of these guns wish to pass them to their children. Is Senator Feinstein going to take my farm when Im dead, too?
The list of guns exempted by name contains not a single handgun. This bill lays the groundwork for the future prohibition of all handguns, a right that has recently been confirmed by the Supreme Court in the Heller case.
The bill seeks to ban high capacity ammunition feeding devices in addition to assault weapons. Many have asked Why does the average citizen need an assault rifle and a 30 round magazine?. The answer is in Bill of Rights.
Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
This says nothing about hunting, self defense, sport shooting or target practice (Although the very weapons most used in these practices are those which the bill seeks to ban). This says that the people may one day need to fight an army. Thus military style weapons should not be prohibited. In fact, this amendment serves to create a check on the government. I find it highly interesting that there are those who want to dissolve this check.
You swore an oath to uphold the Constitution of the United States of America. Please uphold it by voting NO on Senator Feinsteins Assault Weapons Ban.
Thank you very much.
Dr. Sandman
The AR-15 gets cleaned after each use.
The AK-47 has never been cleaned.
The Mosin-Nagant was last cleaned in Berlin, in 1945.
|December 28, 2012, 09:15 PM
Join Date: January 3, 2003
Location: 0 hrs east of TN
Posts: 46,972
Elected officials opposing an AWB will receive my ardent support during the next elections and those supporting it will receive my passionate opposition.
Any AWB is a failed idea. This is not an opinion but a fact stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), The University of Pennsylvania, and the National Institute for Justice. Even the Brady Commission admits to the trivial effect of the last national AWB. It doesn't address the root cause of the shooting at Sandy Hook. It is unconstitutional in the light of the SCOTUS rulings on DC and Chicago clarifying that the 2nd Amendment is an individual right. It is unworkable because of the burden it would add on the federal budget with the additional bureaucracy it creates and because it would turn millions of voters into felons when they fail to register their existing firearms thinking their firearms isn't included in the ban. It is insulting and offensive because it treats 200 million voters as if they were criminally insane instead of actually spending the money to treat the criminally insane.
If you oppose an AWB I pledge financial support and to work for your reelection to keep a rational elected official in office. On the other hand, any support for an AWB will result in my donating that money to your opponent and my passionately working for any opponent running to unseat you. This will be the case regardless of your opponents stance on and AWB. The backlash against politicians who supported the 1994 AWB will pale in comparison to the backlash against those that don't oppose such misguided politically motivated legislation.
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has."
Margaret Mead
Please Read The Forum Rules
TheHighRoad exists to provide a higher grade of discussion than is found on some other gun forums so antis and undecideds can see that gun owners and RKBA advocates are not the reckless misanthropes they tell everyone we are. Personal attacks, group stereotyping, macho chest-thumping, and partisan hackery are low road and hurt all of us.
Last edited by hso; January 2, 2013 at 11:14 AM.
|December 28, 2012, 10:26 PM
Join Date: August 5, 2011
Location: PNW
Posts: 2
Sent this, use and change as it suits;
Dear Senator ----,
As a resident of the State of _______ and a firearms enthusiast I am writing you to express my grave distress about the Honorable Senator Feinstein's upcoming proposed legislation concerning a firearms and magazine capacity ban.
The summary of the proposed legislation found on the Honorable Senator Feinstein's website shows that it is a rewrite of H.R. 3355 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 with some disturbing additions. These alarming additions to the current bill will make millions of currently law abiding citizens into potential criminals with the stroke of a pen should it be passed. During the time that H.R. 3355 was an active law and after its sunset in September of 2004 there was no statistical indication that either its enforcement nor its sunset had any measurable impact on crime as the crime rate has continued the trend of dropping since its enaction and after its sunset. The Honorable Senator Feinstein's assertion that a new ban will reduce the rate of murder and violent crime attributable to semi automatic rifles and 'high capacity' magazines is logically flawed and has no statistical evidence to corroborate it.
I implore you as my representative in the United States Senate and as an American to vote no on this bill.
|December 28, 2012, 11:01 PM
Join Date: September 15, 2004
Posts: 838
I am trying to draft a letter. Can I get an opinion?
Dear Congressman ---,
I'm writing today to convey my concerns regarding the gun control legislation currently being discussed in the wake of several recent tragedies. The intention of these laws are to reduce the incidence and deadliness of mass shootings, however, I do not believe they are an effective means of doing so.
I studied chemistry and psychology in college with the intent of going to graduate school in a psychology or neurobiology related field, and have friends who study the biological, clinical, and social aspects of psychology. The motivations that drive people to commit senseless acts of violence is complex and poorly understood, but the fact that our country lacks an effective means of helping treat mentally ill individuals is a major factor in these tragedies.
I believe the answer to these issues lies in better mental health care, and less in gun control laws. I would feel more comfortable with a greater number of guns and fewer mentally ill individuals rather than the opposite.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side.
|December 29, 2012, 12:26 AM
Join Date: December 13, 2008
Location: Manassas, Va.
Posts: 448
I wrote a letter to Sen. Mark Warner(D)-Va. this evening, using leadcounsel's letter as a starting point. I'm glad I did - here's a clip from his most recent interview with NPR:
SI: Senator, I wanted to ask about one other thing. Our sports commentator Frank Deford was on the air this week and he said that gun control advocates will take an opportunity like this to push their positions and gun rights advocates will push back on their positions and it's a predictable dance and nothing will really change, he said. Unless sportsmen, hunters, decide that they are willing to push for what they might see as reasonable gun restrictions. Do you think that's right?
Senator Warner: I think we need to hear their voices in this conversation and I think they will. And I again hope that those listeners who are hunters and gun owners will step up as well.
SI: Senator Mark Warner of Virginia, always a pleasure to speak with you, thanks very much.
Remember, this guy has presidential aspirations...
Fairfax Rod & Gun Club
|December 29, 2012, 03:19 PM
Join Date: July 22, 2012
Location: Houston Texas area
Posts: 14
Wow! This thread really took off! I'm excited to see so much activism, collaboration and the will to go out of one's way to help another! The letters I'm seeing letters that illustrate with clarity that American gun owners are very well-informed of the actual facts and potential consequences surrounding these issues and that we will fight to defend them. Keep up the great work!!
Now, with my original thread post likely being buried (and VERY HAPPY to see that), I'd like to remind anyone interested in my original PDF attachment which helps streamline the layout process of a professional looking letter. With approval from forum Moderators, I put together a PDF form/auto-formatting template that users can simply copy-&-paste the content of their choosing (as all text fields can be edited) and the PDF will maintain proper formatting & layout, as well as automatically generating an addressed envelope; so that you don't have to. I have updated it and is attached below. Also, it can continuously be used for any future letter writing you might do. If I can help even one person, then I'm happy. I explain the finer details of the PDF in the original post of this thread.
I can't tell if anyone has been using it, but I'd would very much like feedback regarding functionality issues or ideas. However, please PM those messages because our present momentum in proactively engaging lawmakers like this and the willingness to help each other write the most impactful letter they can is EXPONENTIALLY MORE IMPORTANT.
Keep up your efforts! Be it in this thread, another thread, a different forum site, involvement with 2A organizations, or simply in your daily life!
As I said in my original post:
Letter writing from *only* the individual may have no impact by itself, but the collective voice of a great number DOES HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT and does influence the laws that govern our lives and that of those we love. Don't EVER feel discouraged, belittled, insignificant, or think that you are a letter writing nobody. You ARE important! YOU ARE IMPORTANT to you, YOU ARE IMPORTANT to your friends and family, YOU ARE IMPORTANT to all of us, and YOUR LETTERS ARE IMPORTANT to the rights and liberties that are worth what it cost to attain them and are certainly worth what it will cost to retain them.
Letter Layout Template To Lawmakers 12-24-2012
|December 29, 2012, 05:31 PM
Join Date: October 30, 2012
Posts: 163
I'm not being negative in anyway I have contacted my senator on 2 occasions now, yesterday and about 2 months ago, I still have both reply emails from my senator and they both say the exact same thing, like they have it ready to just input your email and send to you.
Here is the message I have gotten 2 times from him:
Dear Mr. Pardue:
Thank you for contacting me regarding the Newtown, Connecticut Elementary School shooting. I appreciate hearing from you about this tragic event.
On December 14, 2012, our nation experienced an unspeakable tragedy in Newtown. My thoughts and prayers go out to the victims of this terrible event, as well as to their families and loved ones. Now is the time to pause and reflect as to how we can prevent such events in the future in a manner consistent with our rights and values. Rest assured, I support law abiding American citizens who choose to exercise their Second Amendment rights.
In the wake of this tragedy, several pieces of legislation are expected to be introduced in the 113th Congress. Senator Dianne Feinstein announced her plans to introduce an assault weapons ban bill on the first day of the 113th Congress which would ban the sale, transfer, importation and possession of assault weapons, as defined in that bill, not retroactively, but prospectively. Her legislation would also ban the sale of clips of more than ten bullets. Additionally, President Obama has announced that Vice President Joe Biden will be heading up an effort to form administration polices to curb gun-related violence. The White House
http://www.bobsgunshop.net my trusty o' gunsmith.
|December 29, 2012, 08:38 PM
Join Date: August 14, 2011
Posts: 6,273
^^^Even if you don't get a real reply, pols are all about "data mining" these days, so the intent of your message was likely hashed out in four or five keywords, and compiled into a statistic or internal poll. Such is our Brave, New, Democracy.
|December 30, 2012, 08:44 PM
Join Date: October 26, 2005
Location: Virginia
Posts: 710
A short and to the point letter
Dear sir,
I urge you to vote against further restrictions on our right to keep and bear arms. Recent events have been tragic, however restricting the rights of law abiding, tax paying, and voting citizens will do nothing to curb these tragities. Education is much more effective than prohibition.
Gun owner and voter
Levergun junkie
I vote for secession.
|January 2, 2013, 09:00 AM
Join Date: March 1, 2011
Posts: 494
My Letter...
Penned this and on its way to all my reps in big, white, domed buildings.
I am an informed American citizen that has been blessed to live in this great republic and enjoy the freedoms enumerated by our Constitution and the Bill of Rights. I participate in our election system with careful research. As such, I cannot vote for any representative that will not follow their sworn oath, which they took while entering office, to uphold the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
I am writing to urge you to continue to uphold your oath of office, and protect the 2nd Amendment from more gun control. I am certain you are under considerable pressure at this time to pass legislation in the name of public safety to prohibit, regulate, or otherwise control firearms. I believe however, that the rights protected by the Constitution should be firmly held and protected.
Knee jerk calls for gun control are never the answer. The 2nd Amendment is too important. I appreciate your time and hope that you will continue to support and defend the Constitution that you have sworn to uphold.
Thank you for your service.
Last edited by C5rider; January 2, 2013 at 02:46 PM. Reason: Edited per Spats' suggestion
|January 2, 2013, 09:54 AM
Join Date: March 15, 2012
Location: Arkansas
Posts: 1,895
Overall, a pretty good letter. It's concise and hits those emotional notes that play so well in Peoria (metaphorically speaking). I would point out one quick thing though:
Technically, the US Constitution and BoR doesn't "give us" rights. It enumerates them. IOW, it just spells out pre-existing rights, and the BoR restricts the gov't's ability to regulate or restrict them. Mind you, I've gotten emails from congressfolks who also referred to "rights given to us by the Constitution. I never got a response to the emails that I sent correcting them.
I am a lawyer, but I am not your lawyer. If you need honest-to-goodness legal advice, go buy some.
|January 2, 2013, 07:21 PM
Join Date: November 20, 2012
Location: Connecticut
Posts: 134
I've written to all my reps. Not sure it will help (My congresswoman is DeLauro...), but it only takes 10 minutes and it just might help. No downside as far as I can tell.
|Thread Tools
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text:
on December 21, 2012 - 10:57 AM
Buffalo Bills fans breathed a collective sigh of relief and some were even celebrating as news spread Friday that the team had signed a 10-year lease to stay at Ralph Wilson Stadium.
Andrew Rudnick, the retiring president and CEO of Buffalo Niagara Partnership, called the deal in a statement "a testament to the teamwork of Gov. [Andrew] Cuomo, County Executive [Mark] Poloncarz and the Bills ownership."
He said the new agreement "smartly focuses on the long-term sustainability of the Bills right here in Buffalo Niagara."
Ron Zoeller, who was part of the Business Backs the Bills effort that helped keep the team in Western New York in 1998, gave a more measured response to The Buffalo News.
"It's better than not having an agreement," he said.
But, he said, he believes "we're still forestalling the inevitable," calling the agreement "temporary good news."
Zoeller was glad to hear that the state and county managed to negotiate a hefty $400 million penalty if the team chooses to leave during the 10-year period, except during the seventh year, when it would be just $29 million.
"I give the state and county credit for negotiating that," he said.
Dan DeMarco, owner of the Big Tree Inn next to the stadium in Orchard Park, was pleased to hear his neighbors will be staying.
"At least they're here for 10 years, anyway," he said. "Now all they've got to do is get a winning product on the field. ... I figured they'd get it done."
Tom Nola of the Buffalo Bills Backers Club couldn't have been happier.
"I love it! I love it!" said Nola, a season-ticket holder since the Bills' days at the old Rock Pile. "This town would be a ghost town without them."
He said he believes the Bills will stay for the full 10 years of the lease, even with the seventh year caveat that would allow the team to leave with a comparatively minimal penalty.
Not everyone was pleased.
Former Erie County Legislator Gregory B. Olma, who voted against the last stadium deal in 1998, speculated that the seventh-year clause could mean the Bills think that "would be an appropriate amount of time to transition."
WGR Radio sports personality Mike Schopp, who has been critical in the past of spending taxpayer money on the stadium, said the deal "will go a long way to relaxing a fan base that has been nervous about the Bills' future for years." But, he said, "it doesn't go all the way."
Fans have been left in the dark about a succession plan for when Wilson, 94, dies.
"So no matter what this feels like, it's still taxpayers from a hurting region handing 95 million dollars to an NFL team worth almost 10 times that," Schopp wrote.
email: email@example.com


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text:
Browsing this Thread: 1 Anonymous Users
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2006/12/3 21:01
From Mechanicsburg, Pa
Posts: 77
The rainbow looks like a hatchery fish, but not sure how it could have reached the upper sections of Spring Creek. There is a large dam near the Rock which would impede fish passage. I think the dam might be at least 5 feet high. Benner Spring is the last hatchery upstream and I don't believe it could have come from there. I have caught small rainbows above the dam and the rock. Are there any clubs or private stockings on Cedar Run?
Posted on: 2013/12/5 17:47
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2010/9/1 13:55
From State College PA
Posts: 37
there have been rumors that the private water upstream of the rock, along trout road, is/was stocked. These are rumors and should not be taken too seriously.
No doubt natural reproduction goes on in upper spring creek (not saying wild fish). One stretch in particular has a good and growing number of YOY caught. Larger fish in the area are caught too. It's hard to tell the source. These fish obviously came from the hatchery at one point. The open discussion is how much repro, if any, is going on.
Posted on: 2013/12/6 8:04
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2013/2/16 0:51
From Northern VA
Posts: 266
Two from Slab Cabin...personally, I firmly believe rainbows are reproducing throughout the system. Wild bows are fairly limited in upper Spring and middle/upper Slab Cabin, but common in Thompson run and lower slab cabin. Occasionally, one of these rainbows appears to be a hatchery escaped fish, but most are not. There are too many smaller rainbows for all of them to be seeded by a few escaped fish, and plenty of larger ones that look identical to the little ones. If you don't believe they are wild, that's fine. Mario and I will keep surveying the population
Posted on: 2013/12/6 12:05
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2010/9/1 13:55
From State College PA
Posts: 37
I have no doubts fish are reproducing. I wonder when it can be considered a wild population. After I added my post above I got to thinking. What is the definition (or distinguishing feature) of natural reproduction versus wild populations?
Anyone know? two generations? three?
Posted on: 2013/12/6 14:33
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2008/1/31 17:19
From Pretty much everywhere at some point, Thorndale today.
Posts: 1816
If the fish was born in the stream, it is a wild fish, period.
Wild fish can occur without a "permanent, established" population. It would just mean, if left to it's own devices, the population would not sustain its numbers over multiple generations.
FWIW, rainbows in upper Spring are NOT new. As I said, I do not trust myself in judging the wildness of rainbows based on pics alone (unless freshly stocked, of course). There is indeed an established, wild population in Spring Creek proper, centered around the mouth of Slab Cabin, Thompson, and the like. I don't doubt that a stocked fish from below, could, on occasion, get up there. But I'd say the majority up there are indeed wild. So, an established, wild population with the occasional stocker thrown in for good measure.
On the other hand, I've also caught rainbows at Benner, Paradise, and all the way down to the mouth. It is clear that fair numbers of fish escape from the hatcheries, often at a young age, and they grow up, color up, and take on some traits of wild fish just like a fingerlinged stocked fish would. Further, they stock fish in the city of Bellefonte. From Benner down, I've always believed the majority of the rainbows have hatchery origins. That said, I do not doubt that those hatchery fish occasionally reproduce, meaning there are a few wild ones mixed in. i.e. a hatchery population with the occasional wild one thrown in for good measure.
What I question is whether there is a stable, established population down there, or if that population is dependent on being continuously "re-seeded". i.e. if the hatcheries were to shut down and they were to stop stocking in Bellefonte, would that population die out in a generation or two? I lean towards this being the case, but don't pretend to be sure of it.
Posted on: 2013/12/9 9:26
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2006/12/3 21:01
From Mechanicsburg, Pa
Posts: 77
I would have to say there is a permanent wild rainbow population in lower Spring Creek that is self sustaining. I have not fished upper Spring Creek as much until last summer. I have caught small rainbows in the vicinity of the rock but only browns from the sheep farm up. Thanks for the pictures Sarce. Always cool to catch an occasional rainbow. They do fight well. Does anyone know when the last wild brookie was caught out of Thompson Run?
Posted on: 2013/12/9 10:23
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2010/9/1 13:55
From State College PA
Posts: 37
My opinion about the heart of and distribution of the wild population in Spring is the same as pcray's.
Another source of rainbows in lower Spring (milesburg) is migration of fish from the bald eagle looking for a thermal refuge as summer approaches. Not sure how much this contributes versus those escaping from hatcheries.
Posted on: 2013/12/9 11:09
Re: Thompson Run,Centre County,10-20-13
2009/4/11 18:51
From State College
Posts: 7
Below Bellefonte I have not caught many rainbows that were of the smaller size range. In Slab Cabin and Thompson, I have caught many rainbows that are in the 3 to 9 inch range. In Thompson I have no problem making the argument that rainbows outnumber browns, by a vast number.
Posted on: 2013/12/14 21:03
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