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Mrs. Raymond Brown took over after Harriett May Mills as president of New York's state suffrage organization. A rare recording of Mrs. Brown speaking is a valuable look at the period, as well as a reference in one of Grandmother Edna Kearns' newspaper columns that she wasn't all that pleased with Mrs. Brown being selected as state president. Despite her personal opinion, Kearns and Brown worked closely together on suffrage organizing of Long Island. Photo: Library of Congress.
Suffrage Wagon News Channel
- #Suffrage Wagon #News Channel newsletter is on the stands. us2.campaign-archive2.com/?u=3f851726727… #activism #vote #NY4suffrage https://t.co/9gaGOFsomL 2 days ago
- Honor US Suffrage Martyr: Inez Milholland - eepurl.com/bUmdvD 3 days ago
- On this day, August 26th, imagine the day when #WomensEqualityDay will be a national holiday. Take action. Have fun! https://t.co/qzZ5ajGTHb 4 days ago
- Signed digital petition to Obama to honor U.S. #suffrage #martyr? us2.campaign-archive1.com/?u=3f851726727… #equality #activism #vote https://t.co/udQwTKQQHS 6 days ago
- Campaign: to ask Obama for medal for Inez. Sign petition. InezMilhollandCentennial.com #NY4suffrage #vote @INEZtheFilm https://t.co/P6jqOt5x96 6 days ago
- VIDEO: Why we are gearing up for #August26. vimeo.com/137200478 #Activism #school #SchoolDays2016 #NY4suffrage #women #vote #history 1 week ago
Important Links
- Alice Paul Institute
- Chick History
- ElectWomen
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton Hometown Association
- Equal Rights Amendment
- Her Hat Was in the Ring
- League of Women Voters
- Let's rock the cradle
- Long Island Suffrage Movement
- Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation & Home
- National Archives Online
- National Constitution Center
- National Women's History Museum
- National Women's History Project
- New York State Museum
- NYC Women's History Walk
- Organizing Toolbox: Video
- Sewall-Bemont House and Museum
- Songs of the Suffragettes- Recording
- Stanton and Anthony Papers
- Suffrage Buffs of America
- Suffrage Centennials
- Suffrage Memorabilia
- Suffrage Wagon News Channel
- Suffragist Elisabeth Freeman
- Suffragist Oral Histories
- Susan B. Anthony House
- The Women's Museum
- Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
- Women's Heritage Trails
- Women's History Carnival
- Women's Rights National Historic Park (Seneca Falls, NY)
- Womens Enews
- WomensSuffrage.org
Member: National Storytelling Network
Let's Link Up on Facebook


text:
Providing workshop space in Tokyo for hacking, making, teaching and speaking.
Welding 101/溶接101
Learn how to use steel in your big projects. Everything from planning, cutting and preparing, to welding steel into shape.
We will learn the basics of how arc welding works, safety measures, and practice basic joints.
For this course, you will need to come prepared with long sleeve shirt and long pants. No shorts. No open toed shoes.
THS is on NHK TV!!!
An interview with Tokyo Hackerspace will be on NHK, in a program about foreigners who love Akihabara.
Please watch TV September 9th and enjoy the show.
We THINK the program airs at 9 PM.
Making With Arduino
Let's make something fun with Arduino and learn at the same time.
Each Making With Arduino is divided into two parts:
First, we review the basics of Arduino and concepts from previous events. If you are Making With Arduino for your first time, it will be very helpful. We will go over all the basics. Breadboards, buttons, LEDs and code.
After the review session, we will jump right in to making something with Arduino. Each lesson, I will present a new topic, piece of hardware, or code technique (or all of the above! :)
Open House/オープンハウス
Tokyo HackerSpace is open to the public all day long!
You can use our tools, build your projects, and ask for help or advice.
Learn to solder. Learn about Laser Cutting or 3D printing.
Or just socialize with other makers!
Bring any project or Idea, and we will try to help you make it happen!
Intro to Robotics! (the long course)
THS Robotics course is BACK!
Sign up now! Parent and children teams welcome.
In this half year long course, we cover all the basics of building robots. Each 2 hour session adds new parts to your robot and new skills to your human brain. The course ends with a graduation contest challenge.
All critical parts of your robot will be provided. However, you will be asked to source some materials yourself. We will also have scheduled trips to Akihabara to go shopping together.
Members: Clean and organize the downstairs of the Hackerspace
We've been in the new space a year and a half and the downstairs has never been properly organized. It is time to make this happen. The first weekend of October has been chosen for this. If we can get all the member to commit to beign there both days we can make this happen and get it over with.
Getting going with GIT.
GIT is a popular version control software in the opensource world. Primary used by software engineers it can be used to keep track of anything that can be put in file format. From word documents, to schematic and board layouts for hardware projects.
Board Games at THS
Event entry is ¥500 per person proceeds to the hackerspace.
Game night at Tokyo Hackerspace. Come join in the fun while we play card, board and tile based games. Games that will be available to play this game night are as follows.
Roll for it - A game of luck where you try to win cards by rolling dice. The more cards you win the more points you gain. Be the first to 40 points to win the game.
Sushi Go - It's time to eat sushi. Gain points by collecting groups different kinds of sushi each turn.
Designing printed circuit boards with Kicad Part 1 of 2
Kicad is the most popular open source software for designing printed circuit boards. In part 1 of this 2 part class you will learn how to take your hand drawn schematics and replicate them in Kicad and how to create your own schematic symbols in your own symbol libraries.
Designing printed circuit boards with Kicad Part 2 of 2
Kicad is the most popular open source software for designing printed circuit boards. In part 1 of this 2 part class you will learn how to take your hand drawn schematics and replicate them in Kicad and how to create your own schematic symbols in your own symbol libraries.

subset: commoncrawl


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Customize these Masquerade Memories Tickets to use for admittance to the event!
Personalize these Masquerade Memories Tickets which feature color masks and ribbons on a sparkle background. Each Masquerade Ticket features the words ADMIT ONE. Tickets measure 2 inches wide x 4 3/4 inches high and are printed on heavy paper and may be printed vertically or horizontally.
Personalized ticket features:
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-227-2789).


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Need help with SB28 and SU-4
I just bought a SB28 and a SU-4 and would like to have the built in flash of the N80 activate the SB28.
First time out it didnt work well at all. All the pictures were badly over-exposed. I had the SB28 to the side and a bit forward of the N80(which was on a tripod) trying to get some great family pictures (with me in them too, shot in timer mode). The strange thing is I spot metered someones face and still the TTL did not work well at all. The *beep* from the SU-4 only went off once which I beleive indicated that it did not fire at full power, so why was everyone so badly blown out? I also used the SB28 on-camera and those shots turned out correctly exposed (but had the shadows that I wanted to avoid by getting the flash off-camera)
I had the SB28 set to TTL, was shooting Fuji Superia 400 with a 50mm 1.8f lens at 1/60 and 1/90sec, cannot remember the fStop
Please help.
#1. "RE: Need help with SB28 and SU-4" | In response to Reply # 0meerkat Basic MemberMon 27-Aug-01 05:02 PM
It's me again , this time
trying to read carefully.
there happen to have a post related,
scroll down and see the thread:
"Help! Problem with slaved SB-28".
I think the answer was decent.
I do not know how you sb28 "a bit forward of the N80"
as your N80 preflash and calculate flash output
based on camera-to -subject distance, not
flash-to-subject distance, if you place sb28
to the side, could you use the same radius
as your camera, or try to use flash compensation
(set this on camera) if you prefer moving sb28 nearer.
Here is an another topic but related:
I do not know what is our final goal to use
multi-flash here. if your purpose is to
making flash even and leaving no shadow,
you can use single flash (use your sb28)
get a flash braket ($40 - $150), put sb28
and your camera on the bracket, and connect via a
sc-17, in this case sb28 is not a slave
but a TTL flash unit. The result is
pretty decent, need less calculation and
quick to set up.
Personally if I use multi-flash (2 specifically),
I typical put the slave one totally side (90
angle or 180 with master), instead if use
the slave as another front (although may be sided
somewhat) light (bouncing is an exception), as
I found the effect using bracket is much better.
#2. "RE: Need help with SB28 and SU-4" | In response to Reply # 1
Thank you for your response. Yes I was trying to reduce the shadows and not get a deer in the headlights look.
I will try to find that previous thread you mentioned.
It should not matter what the slave's distance is since it should be using TTL (I thought) and I shot in Spot meter mode which means that there was NO monitor pre-flash. Unless I misunderstood, using the SU-4 the SB-28 should be still TTL.
The Flash was to on side (at about a 45 degree) and only about 1-2 feet closer (as the directions on the SU-4 say to place it infront of your main light so its' sensor will pick up your primary flash)
#3. "RE: Need help with SB28 and SU-4" | In response to Reply # 2meerkat Basic MemberMon 27-Aug-01 07:43 PM
Admittedly I'm not experienced here,
You comment sound reasonable.
(You said you use spot metering, are you make sure
AE is locked or you switch to manual ,
as spot can be changed as you recomposite).
Take a look at:
with the ISO 400, may be the shortest flash
duration the camera can manipulate on the built-in one
already exceed what is desired duration.
I vaguely remember N80 with flash, the iso
can be only up to 800 (i have no manual handy),
that is said with built-in flash in mind, with
you adding one more (much larger GN) speedlight
and with closer distance (which translate to even
larger GN), the effective upperbound ISO film in
flashing using built-in speedlight really dwindled.
I'll try smaller aperture or, say, using ISO 100
(as Fuji Reala is pretty good used for flashing).
Here is the excerpt from the website
mentioned above, related, credit to
Guy Parsons:
For AUTO mode the master flash can be any brand flash on any brand camera that is TTL
controlled. The slave just adds to the general flash illumination and the camera will sense
the total light and turn off its flash when enough is received. This main flash turn-off is
sensed by the SU-4 and it turns off its slave flash. If not enough illumination was sensed so
that the slave unit does not get a turn-off signal before the slave flash capacitor is
completely emptied, then the usual Nikon flash underexposure warning noises occur plus the
SU-4 will beep for three seconds (if switched to beep mode). If too much light was received
then there is no indication of overexposure. Maybe the extremely short flash timing may be a
clue, but experience will have to teach you how to set it up properly.


text:
Amazon Echo, the cylindrical speaker tube that some of us have in our kitchens to keep time on Shake'N Bake chicken, now works with Spotify. If you are a Spotify Premium subscriber and own an Echo, you can tell it to play any playlist, artist, or genre in Spotify's catalog. Also, Echo also supports Spotify Connect, which means you can jump from your Echo listening experience to the Spotify app without missing a beat.
"Hey, Alexa, play Taylor Swift on Spotify." Nope. (more…)


text:
This example shows how to use the dialog box for coverage settings to enable coverage for a Simulink® model and adjust the type of information that is reported.
sldemo_clutch example model model that ships with Simulink provides a good introduction to model coverage. This model contains several blocks that have intrinsic decisions, places where control flow can take more than one path.
To open the Coverage Settings dialog box, from the Simulink Editor, select Analysis > Coverage > Settings.
Open Coverage Settings dialog box
To enable coverage reporting, select Coverage for this model. This setting enables the other options in the Coverage Settings dialog box.
The Coverage metrics group controls the types of coverage information that is collected during simulation. Selecting all coverage metrics provides the most coverage information. For this example, select Decision, Condition, MCDC, Signal Range, and Lookup Table.
Click OK to apply your selected settings and close the Coverage Settings dialog box.
Apply settings and close the dialog
Once you enable coverage collection for your model, coverage information is automatically recorded when you simulate the model. At the end of the simulation, the model coverage tool produces an HTML report of coverage information that displays within the built-in MATLAB® web browser.
Run simulation and produce coverage report


text: Temple of Sinewava - stock image collections Temple of Sinewava details of rock cliffs Zion National Park, Utah Temple of Sinewava details of rock cliffs Zion National Park, Utah Share this:ShareFacebookGoogleRedditLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading... steve estvanik I've been traveling and exploring for over 40 years. Over the last 30 years,... [more] info Author Page Portfolio: 9463 images. Gallery Page Contact steve Updates / RSS Network Image updated—January 30, 2014 Keywords background, cliffs, Details, face, geology, mountain, rock, sheer, sttep, Temple of Sinewava, texture, utah, Zion National Park Image Categories Natural Patterns & Textures | Zion and Cedar Breaks Image #24883 Size Type File Info Price ( US Dollars $ ) Bloggeejpg3.47" × 1.58" @ 72 dpi250 × 114px1.00 Smalljpg6.94" × 3.17" @ 72 dpi500 × 228px4.00 Mediumjpg13.89" × 6.35" @ 72 dpi1000 × 457px6.00 Largejpg13.33" × 6.09" @ 300 dpi4000 × 1826px10.00 End User License Agreement DOWNLOAD (0.00) Symbiostock Community Symbiostock CommunityNetwork with illustrators, photographers, and designers. Symbiostock on TwitterSymbiostock news. Symbiostock on FacebookCommunity maintained Facebook hub. Symbiostock.infoSearch images on the Symbiostock network. Symbiostock SearchSearch Symbiostock images and network. Symbioguides.comSymbiostock knowledge base. Symbiostock.comSell your images and network with fellow microstock professionals. ClipArtof.comHigh Resolution Stock Illustrations & Clip Art ClipArtIllustration.comFirst Symbiostock Site, and home of the Orange Man Microstockgroup.comA meeting place for microstock professionals.


text:
Representatives of Pilgrims Pride along with local economic developers broke ground on a new grain facility in Pinckard, Alabama.
The new facility will consist of eight grain silos holding 700,000 bushels of corn and over 2 tons of soybean meal.
A new rail line will branch off the main CSX line to allow almost over 100 cars of soybeans and corn to leave the site at once.
Construction of the new facility could reach completion in mid 2009


text:
About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
In February 2009, as the Obama administration pushed a $787 billion deficit-spending economic stimulus plan through Congress, the American public was largely unaware that the true deficit of the federal government was already measured in trillions of dollars.
Moreover, total U.S. obligations, including Social Security and Medicare benefits to be paid in the future, have effectively placed the U.S. government in bankruptcy, even before we take into consideration the future and continuing social-welfare obligations embedded within the Obama administration's massive new spending plan. According to the U.S. Treasury, the total obligations of the United States in 2007 exceeded a negative $59 trillion, a sum that was more than the 2007 gross domestic product, or GDP, of the world, which the World Bank estimated to be $54 trillion. By 2008, the total obligations of the U.S. had grown to over $65 trillion, with no end in sight.
There is no way the federal government could ever meet the future obligations of the massive social-welfare state we have created since Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, even if we confiscated all salaries and corporate earnings of individuals and corporations in the United States as an emergency form of taxation. The United States today is bankrupt, whether or not the government wants to admit it, and whether or not the public is aware of how extreme the situation has become.
Understanding that the United States is bankrupt is fundamental to understanding the true dimensions of the Economic Panic of 2009. Had the United States been running federal budget surpluses on a cash basis, the nation would still be bankrupt. Why? The answer is that future liabilities in federal social-welfare-entitlement programs have grown beyond the ability of the federal government to raise by taxes enough money to pay what is already due to the baby boomers as they retire.
This reality severely limits the ability of the federal government to manage a financial crisis like what we have faced since the mortgage bubble burst. It is necessary to appreciate fully just how bankrupt the federal government truly is: Mortgage losses as well as losses in a variety of consumer credits plus losses in commercial loans and commercial real estate already total trillions of dollars. We are certain to have more losses in complicated investments including hedge funds and derivatives, regardless of how smart the federal government officials at the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve appear to be or how clever Wall Street experts seem. Ultimately, financial bubbles have no alternative but to burst.
The real 2008 federal budget deficit was $5.1 trillion, not the $455 billion previously reported by the Congressional Budget Office, according to the 2008 Financial Report of the United States Government released by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
The difference between the $455 billion "official" budget deficit number and the $5.1 trillion deficit based on data reported in the 2008 report is due to the fact that the official budget deficit is calculated on a cash basis, where all tax receipts, including Social Security tax receipts, are used to pay government liabilities as they occur. The calculations in the 2008 report are calculated on a GAAP basis ("Generally Accepted Accounting Principles"), which includes year-for-year changes in the net present value of unfunded liabilities in social-insurance programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Under cash accounting, money is spent as it comes in, while the government makes no provision for future Social Security and Medicare benefits in the year in which those benefits accrue.
"As bad as 2008 was, the $455 billion budget deficit on a cash basis and the $5.1 trillion federal budget deficit on a GAAP accounting basis does not reflect any significant money from the financial bailout or Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, which was approved after the close of the fiscal year," John Williams, an economist who publishes the website Shadow Government Statistics, told World Net Daily.
"For 2009, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the fiscal year 2009 budget deficit as being $1.2 trillion on a cash basis and that was before taking into consideration the full costs of the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, before the cost of the Obama $787 billion economic stimulus plan, or the cost of the second $350 billion tranche in TARP funds, as well as all current bailouts being contemplated by the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve," he stressed.
"The federal government's deficit is hemorrhaging at a pace which threatens the viability of the financial system," Williams added. "The popularly reported 2009 budget deficit will clearly exceed $2 trillion on a cash basis and that full amount has to be funded by Treasury borrowing. It's not likely this will happen without the Federal Reserve acting as lender of last resort for the Treasury by buying Treasury debt and monetizing the debt."
"Monetizing the debt" is a term used to signify that the U.S. Treasury will ultimately be required simply to issue huge amounts of new debt to meet current Treasury debt obligations. We have monetized the debt when we are forced to issue debt both to cover current budget deficits and to pay interest on outstanding federal debt. So far, the Treasury has been largely dependent upon foreign buyers, principally China and Japan and other major holders of U.S.-dollar foreign-exchange reserves, including Middle Eastern oil-producing nations purchasing U.S. debt through their financial agents in London. "The appetite of foreign buyers to purchase continued trillions of U.S. debt has become more questionable as the world has witnessed the rapid deterioration of the U.S. fiscal condition in the current financial crisis," Williams noted.
The sad reality is that the U.S. Treasury has not reserved any funds to cover the future Social Security and Medicare obligations we are incurring today. "Truthfully," Williams pointed out, "there is no Social Security 'lock-box.' There are no funds held in reserve today for Social Security and Medicare obligations that are earned each year. It's only a matter of time until the public realizes that the government is truly bankrupt. No taxes are being held in reserve to pay in the future the Social Security and Medicare benefits taxpayers are earning today."
If President Obama manages to add universal health care to the list of entitlement payments the federal government is obligated to pay, the negative net worth of the United States government can only get worse.
Calculations from the 2008 Financial Report of the United States Government, as displayed in the chart below, show that the GAAP negative net worth of the federal government has increased to $59.3 trillion while the total federal obligations under GAAP accounting now total $65.5 trillion.
"Put simply, there is no way the government can possibly pay for the level of social welfare benefits the federal government has promised unless the government simply prints cash and debases the currency, which the government will increasingly be doing this year," Williams said, explaining in more detail why he feels the government is now in the process of monetizing the federal debt.
"Social Security and Medicare must be shown as liabilities on the federal balance sheet in the year they accrue according to GAAP accounting," he argued. "To do otherwise is irresponsible, nothing more than an attempt to hide the painful truth from the American public. The public has a right to know just how bad off the federal government budget deficit situation really is, especially since the situation is rapidly spinning out of control."
Williams makes a compelling case that in a post-Enron world, if the federal government were a private corporation, "the president and senior Treasury officers would be at risk of being thrown into a federal penitentiary."
On March 12, 2008, David M. Walker resigned as comptroller general of the United States and head of the Government Accountability Office, or GAO, out of concern that as head of the GAO, he could no longer certify the financial soundness of the U.S. government under the GAAP accounting analysis of the federal budget conducted annually by the U.S. Treasury. As the CBS television show 60 Minutes noted, even before he resigned Walker had begun "traveling the country like an Old Testament prophet, urging people to wake up before it is too late." Walker was highly regarded as a respected public official while head of the GAO, charged with managing its more than three thousand employees. The GAO serves as auditor of the government's books, as an investigative office of the U.S. Congress.
"I would argue that the most serious threat to the United States is not someone hiding in a cave in Afghanistan or Pakistan, but our own fiscal irresponsibility," Walker, once the nation's top accountant, told 60 Minutes, in an obvious reference to Al Qaeda terrorist leader Osama bin Laden.
"We are spending more money than we make," Walker told a group on his "Wake-Up Tour" throughout America. "We are charging it to a credit card," he said, warning that by 2040, U.S. tax dollars would not be able to keep up even with just the interest payments on our national debt. No federal funds would be left for any other programs, including national defense or homeland security. "We suffer from a fiscal cancer that is growing within us and if we do not treat it, the cancer will have massive consequences for our country," he said.


text:
Parking instructions for all Welcome Center activities can be found below. For directions, please visit our directions to UNF or directions to the Welcome Center web pages.
For more information about parking at UNF, please visit the Parking Services web site.
To learn more, please click on the bulleted items below.
As you arrive at Ann and David Hicks Hall (Building 53), stay to the far right of the parking lot. Along the far right side of the building, there will be a row of parking spaces with BLUE parking signs in front of them. Those are for you! We have reserved one of those special guest spots just for you — look for your name. Park, lock your doors and head to the front of the building. It is the entrance with the awning and the walkway. (It is also where the Osprey Shuttles — our campus buses pick-up and drop-off, if that helps.)
The Welcome Center is located inside Hicks Hall on your immediate right as you enter the building. It is suite 1600. Parking is free for the day.
You will be parking in Lot No. 53 (Hicks Hall/Special Guest Parking)
Our office is in Hicks Hall (Building 53, Suite 1600)
Parking is free for the day so you will not need a parking pass. Follow the signs to Hicks Hall.
Parking Costs: Free for the day
Parking Lot: Lot 53 (Hicks Hall)
Tour Location: Welcome Center, Bldg. 53
Copyright © 2016 University of North Florida1 UNF Drive | Jacksonville, FL 32224 | Phone: (904) 620-1000
Contact |
Emergency |
Privacy |
RegulationsConsumer Information | Disability Accommodations


text:
- Report: #967722
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Rent 1
Rent 11872 AIRLINE DR. Bossier city, Louisiana United States of America
Rent 1 Louisiana Rent To Return Fraud Bossier city, Louisiana
*Consumer Comment: only drama queen is kenny
*Consumer Comment: I would guess this means there are other deadbeats like you...
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They appear to try and maintain used stock from repos in order to save from purchasing new items and making a perpetual rental from their furniture to prevent actual end owners.
Essentially they rent it and look for ways to get it back to re rent it. That will leave them open to fees and continuing interest payments but no owners or loss of stock except through desctruction.
After 11 days late they will send a letter demanding the return on the furniture.
If you agree to return it and try to schedule a pick up they then refuse looking for you to pay the bill first.
Well I offered to pay the bill at the pick up time and was told no.
They then tell me that it has been turned over to "I quote" the Sherriff and the lawyers.
I had no emails or messages from any calls during that time period.
So I assumed no big deal I should'nt have gone there and would like to cancel.
But they refused trying to get a payment. But is that payment to secure the furniture for me.
He said it would give me more time to schedule a pick up but it has been turned over to the authorities.
The 11 days was quoted back to me as 14 days during that conversation.
The goal with a situation like that is to glean every dollar from people that they can before they cancel or are forced to return the furniture on a very quick basis.
They will take that furniture and re rent it as soon as they get it and start the process over again.
I have rented before and was teated like an owner and had no problems from another company like them.
I would be amased if they have any happy paid off customers that are sitting around enjoying the purchase they made with Rent One.
I did not see any new furniture in the store, just repos.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/11/2012 11:49 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Rent-1/Bossier-city-Louisiana-71111/Rent-1-Louisiana-Rent-To-Return-Fraud-Bossier-city-Louisiana-967722. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Consumer Comment
only drama queen is kenny
AUTHOR: The Outlaw Josey Wales - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Sunday, November 11, 2012POSTED: Sunday, November 11, 2012
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 Consumer Comment
I would guess this means there are other deadbeats like you...
AUTHOR: Ken - (USA)
SUBMITTED: Sunday, November 11, 2012POSTED: Sunday, November 11, 2012
IF you paid the rent ON TIME, EVERY TIME, this wouldn't happen...neat idea, huh.
YOU and ONLY you can stop them from doing this evil way of taking items back and re-renting.
No need to thank me for this good advice.
BTW, how could you tell that ALL the furniture in the store was "just repos"?
Was it all tattered, dirty and worn?
Sounds like you're also a drama queen.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


text:
Woven Chords is a mixed community choir based in Stamford. We sing unaccompanied harmony songs (A capella) from across the globe. Celebrating the richness and variety of the human voice, Woven Chords singing gives expression to songs from many different cultural traditions.
We are a very friendly and informal choir, open to anyone over 16 years of age, men and women. We follow the ethos of the Natural Voice Network. We do not hold auditions and no previous experience or the need to read music is necessary as all songs are taught by ear. If you can speak - then you can sing! The emphasis is on enjoyment and creating a rich accurate sound.
We sing, under the dynamic leadership of Abi Moore, every Thursday in the Ballroom at the Stamford Arts Centre. Two or three times a year, we give a performance of a selection of our repertoire and we always donate a portion of our income to charity.
Woven Chords is a special group of people. Currently membership stands at 74, many of whom have been members since its inception 20 years ago. We welcome new members and there is a free two week trial period, with no commitment.
Our next event will be our summer concert at All Saints Church in Stamford on Friday 10th June 2016.
See Future Concerts and Events page.
Woven Chords Workshops - 23rd & 30th June and 7th July:
The last 3 weeks of the summer term will be run as workshops and will be open to all. The sessions will be run by our musical director Abi Moore. Admission is free!
Summer Term dates:
14th April – 7th July 2016 (12 weeks).
(No session 16th June).
Thursday's at 7:30 - 9:30pm
Summer Concert at Haconby Church, Saturday 11th July 2015
A sold-out concert with a mixture of African songs and songs from our global repertoire plus a few familiar songs including a gospel medley, under the leadership of our new musical director Abi Moore, and a most appreciative audience made for a very enjoyable concert at Haconby church, with lots of money raised for Malawi Education Link.
A response from St Andrew's Church in Haconby.
Saturday 11th July saw St Andrew's church running out of chairs, so full was the church. The occasion was a concert by the Stamford Community choir, Woven Chords. The sixty strong choir sings unaccompanied folk music from around the world. On this occasion many of the songs were from southern Africa, but the programme also included music from Samoa, the United States, and many other parts of the world.
Africa was specially featured because the concert was to raise money for MEL (Malawi Education Link) which helps to build schools, teachers' houses and latrines in remote parts of central Malawi, centred on the Lake Malawi village of Ngala. This project has been supported by the Ringstone in Aveland group of churches for many years and four of our people in Haconby and Stainfield have led groups of English sixteen year-olds at their own cost to provide the manual labour for the building work and to join with local schoolchildren, learning about life in a very poor third-world country.
The choir was superb. The combination of strong voices, the tonality and the sheer enjoyment in singing made the whole performance a wonderful experience for the packed audience. All the songs were a joy to listen to, and, for those of us who have been fortunate to listen to villagers singing in Africa, especially in Malawi, the sound had an authenticity which took us back to wonderful evenings in the African bush.
The conductor of the choir, Abi Moore, led the singing with great enthusiasm and skill. During the interval audience and choir were served with wine and nibbles by members of the PCC and friends - it was amazing how quickly over 160 people were served! Our thanks to Woven Chords for a brilliant evening.
Be sure to check out the Workshops link for details of the next workshop.


text:
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LLAG Luxury Vacation Apartment in Jachenau - 939051 sqft, warm, comfortable, relaxing (# 2850)
From $60 / night
balance of due
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Description from the manager
Bedrooms: 2/
Bathrooms: 1/
Sleeps: 4/
Type: Apt. / Condo
Book this 2 bedroom, 1 bathroom apt. / condo in Jachenau today! A total of 4 people can sleep here comfortably.
Guests can enjoy a outdoor grill, internet access, and dishwasher among other amenities offered by this rental.
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Costs vary, with the average weekly rate as low as $420.00 to as high as $496.00, depending on travel dates.
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10 search results for Eli Craig
Tucker & Dale vs Evil
Type: Event | Date: Friday, Sep 30, 2011This horror comedy stars Tyler Labine and Alan Tudyk.
Sundance 2010: 'Tucker & Dale Vs Evil' kicks off my midnights in Park City
Type: Post | Date: Saturday, Jan 23, 2010Does the slasher-movie comedy deliver on its postmodern promise?
'Bunheads' says farewell in dance form
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Aug 26, 2013Ginny, Sasha and Amy Sherman-Palladino salute fans and bunheads alike
'Spider-Man,' 'Tintin' lead Comic-Con 2011 Friday schedule
Type: Article | Date: Friday, Jul 8, 2011'Total Recall,' 'Ghost Rider 2,' 'Mass Effect' also headed to San Diego
Sundance Film Festival announces its 2010 out-of-competition schedule
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Dec 3, 2009Kristen Stewart's got a second film in the fest, Louis CK stand-up plays, and midnight gets crazy
'Kick-Ass', 'MacGruber,' 'The People Vs George Lucas' among the SXW titles announced
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Feb 4, 2010IMAX 3D, documentaries, and mumblecore horror all part of this year's fest
More stars join NBC's 'Parenthood'
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Apr 20, 2009Monica Potter, Bonnie Bedelia and Sam Jaeger join Ron Howard-produced pilot
Mike Posner, Blake Shelton, Zakk Wylde lead diverse Aug. 10 new music releases
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Aug 9, 2010Can Posner's single success translate to album sales?
Josh Hutcherson, Lupita Nyong'o, Pharrell and 268 others invited to join the Academy
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Jun 26, 2014Other invitees range from Chris Rock to Julia Louis-Dreyfus
Recap: 'Saturday Night Live' - Bruno Mars
Type: Post | Date: Sunday, Oct 21, 2012Would being host and musical guest work out for Bruno Mars?


text:
A view of the south door and tower at All Saints church Cotgrave. A church is recorded on this site since the 11th century. Parts of the present structure date from the 12th with many later additions and alterations.In 1996 All Saints was badly damaged by fire but has since been restored. More information at the link below.
Photo taken in Cotgrave, Nottingham NG12, UK


text:
College Avenue remodel bringing Postino to Tempe
TEMPE, Ariz. – Construction on College Avenue in Tempe has been ongoing for some time, but the latest work being done is an effort to redevelop part of the street and bring in a renowned local wine café.
The former ASU Annex on Sixth Street and College Avenue is being remodeled to become a dual restaurant space, and one of the units has already been taken by Postino WineCafe.
Lessee David Wetta said the project has been underway since early December to remodel the 7,323 square-foot building.
"This is a 1952 school building," he said. "Everything other than the concrete floor, the red brick and the tongue-and-groove roof has to be replaced."
The building is split nearly in half by its two units, with a larger northern unit of 3,838 square-feet committed to by Postino, which Wetta said is a major relief at this stage of the remodeling process.
"With a tenant committed for half the space … it's a major hurdle to clear this early on," he said.
Wetta added that the second smaller unit of 3,484 square-feet still does not have a tenant, but Wetta said he's had interest.
"We got a promising lead, it's still premature but promising," he said.
Construction on College Avenue has been underway for a year on ASU's 137,000 square-foot College Avenue Commons, across the street from the Annex and more projects are in store for the area.
The College Avenue Commons is expected to finish construction this summer, but before the congestion can get better it will get worse, as Wetta said the city is also planning a remodel of College Avenue in beginning next month.
"College Avenue will get this all new street scape, it will really be a plaza kind of feel," he said.
Wetta said the city will remodel the road, which will include leveling the sidewalks and street to the same height in an attempt to make a more connected feel between the buildings.
He said the College Avenue remodel should be completed by July, while the Annex remodel will finish in spring. Wetta hopes Postino will open by early fall.
"We'll finish our shell work in May, (and) they could be open in late August (or) September," he said.
The new project is being completed just blocks from Tempe's Mill Avenue, ASU's Tempe Campus, the Wells Fargo Arena and Sun Devil Stadium as well as the Fifth Street Light Rail stop.
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Original Small Steel Ben Wa Balls
Average customer review 4.5 out of 5 stars40 reviews
Never mind the leg day workout for knee-trembling exercises: these small steel Ben Wa balls offer a far more thrilling fitness regime, designed to tone your pelvic floor muscles. The result? More intense orgasms and greater kegel control. Winner.
Only: €8.95
Product Description
Never mind the leg day workout for knee-trembling exercises: these small steel Ben Wa balls offer a far more thrilling fitness regime, designed to tone your pelvic floor muscles. The result? More intense orgasms and greater kegel control. Winner.
Perfect for advanced users, these small balls are held in place with your pelvic floor muscles for effective muscle toning. To use, simply coat the balls in lubricant, and wear for approximately 30 minutes a day to get the greatest results.
Please note: These Ben Wa balls have no retrieval cord, and should only be used if you are confident you will be able to remove them. You should be able retrieve them easily by standing up and coughing, but if you're still having trouble then crouch down and cough - that should do it!
Key Features:
- Small steel Ben Wa balls for advanced pelvic floor training and heightened orgasm intensity
- Each ball weighs 24g and has a circumference of 2.25 inches - perfect for experienced kegel ball users
- 100% steel material is skin-safe and nickel-free
- Easy to clean with antibacterial sex toy cleaner
- Presented in a pretty glass case
How it measures up
- Length: 0.65 inches
- Insertable Length: 0.65 inches
- Circumference: 2.25 inches
- Base diameter: 0.65
How it feels
- Material: Metal
- Flexibility: Rigid
- Waterproof: Submersible
- Contains latex: No
- Contains phthalates: No
Product Videos
Original Small Steel Ben Wa Balls
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2 small steel Ben Wa Balls for advanced users looking to move onto the next level of pelvic floor toning. Enjoy effective training with pleasurable stimulation and orgasmic results. A winning combination!
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To watch videos, you need Version 9 or greater of the Flash Player. Click here to see which Flash Version you have. If you have Version 8 or less, get the latest Flash Player here.
Kegel balls strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, and a stronger pelvic floor means a tighter vagina, better bladder control and improved sex for you and your partner. Annabelle Knight explains which are the best kegel balls for beginners and how to use them. Read more: How to Use Kegel Balls.
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Customer Reviews
Original Small Steel Ben Wa Balls 40 4.5 out of 5 stars
See all 40 customer reviewsOrder by:Write your own review
- 5 star
- 24
- 4 star
- 14
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- 0
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Original Small Steel Ben Wa Balls
Only: €8.95
Balls of steel
Reviewed: 09 January 2016 by Ama20, a Straight Single Female
Bought these trying to tighten up a little and must admit my partner noticed a difference after a while.
Quite comfortable once you get used to them but probably wouldn't recommend keeping them in during the day. If you do, remember not to use a public toilet as I forgot and there was a bit of an awkward clunk as one fell out!
Overall, I would recommend, they come in a nice glass case like a little pair of earrings.
- Pros
- Exactly as described and well packaged.
- Cons
- Quite heavy if using for first time.
- Bottom line
- Great, well worth money.
- Was this review helpful to you? Yes
Ben wa balls
Reviewed: 30 October 2015 by CharlieDA, a Bisexual Going Steady Female
Firstly, the case that these come in is fantastic, and will probably last for as long as you have the ben wa balls, if not longer.
Secondly, the balls themselves are great, smooth steel that can be cleaned easily. You can insert them easily enough with or without lube, and, if you're feeling adventurous, then you can also play with the temperature a bit too.
When wearing them, I find that I'm very conscious of their presence, which can be quite arousing. The movement of them in you also works to strengthen your vaginal walls, so that's another added benefit.
Really pleased with this purchase.
- Pros
- Easy to clean.
- Cons
- Nothing!
- Bottom line
- Well worth the price.
- Was this review helpful to you? Yes
Order by:
Good for strengthening vaginal wall
Reviewed: 19 August 2015 by teamGV, a Straight Going Steady Female
In my opinion, these are more for strengthening your vaginal wall rather than pleasure. You really do have to concentrate on holding them in. These are not for secret out-of-the-house use as they will fall out!
After using these, I did notice my vaginal orgasms and contractions were stronger. Down there is like any other muscle - exercise it and it will grow.
I do use these during sex as well and it is fun for me and for my BF. They just add extra little sensations.
- Pros
- Easy to use. Easy to clean. Effective.
- Cons
- Nothing.
- Bottom line
- Great.
- 3 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes
- Newest
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See all 40 Original Small Steel Ben Wa Balls reviews…


text:
Meyer Broadway North
Primary tabs
Year Established:
No votes yet
Similar to Meyer Broadway Original. 9 wooded holes and 9 open holes with wide, mowed fairways. Plays quicker and a few shots easier than the Original.
Course Details
Course Type: Permanent
# Holes: 18
Target Type: Mach III
Tee Type: Rubber
Elevation: 50/50 Flat/Hills
Foliage: Woodsy
Course Length: 6,503ft
Alternate Length: 4,512ft
Hole Length: Under 300ft: 7 | 300 - 400ft: 3 | Over 400ft: 8
US 131 to Three Rivers. West on Broadway Rd. to park entrance. Follow park road to back of park. 1st tee past pavilion.
First Tee: (
) -85.675699,41.937993
Email: Scott Wilson
Phone: 269-279-1879
Course Map
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- Cold Brook Park, Climax MI US3(2 votes)
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text:
A battle is brewing in the Frederick school system over its third grade textbook. Some parents are upset about what's inside their children's social studies book.
The textbook, "Social Studies Alive," has been accused of pushing a political and socialist ideology by at least one parent.
The book covers geography and history. But the sections on community service, health care and child care have drawn criticism.
The District said it's just one of a dozen books that are used.


text:
Order Reprints
Journal: Pharmaceuticals, 2013
Volume: 6
Number: 440
Article: Design of siRNA Therapeutics from the Molecular Scale
Authors: Phillip Angart, Daniel Vocelle, Christina Chan and S. Patrick Walton
Link: http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/4/440
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Thursday, August 2, 2012 - 11:00pm to Friday, August 3, 2012 - 1:00am
A Celebration of Woddy Guthrie's 100th Birthday with folksinger and teacher Doug Morris. How better to celebrate than for ordinary folks – workers of all kinds as well as people who are unemployed or homeless – to sing the songs that so challenge the establishment! Join us to sing and celebrate this amazing man.
Church of the Good Shepherd
383 Old North RoadKingston , RI
See map: Google Maps


text:
║██║♫ Paste this on
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Facts about me:
- My favorite color is pink
- I live in Los Angeles
- VERY indecisive, hence me changing titles, deleting and adding stories all the time
- I ALWAYS outline my stories so iKnow what is going to happen
***I only write stories on wattpad, not read them but I do read some wattpad stories on my iPad so if iRead yours, it's a privilege. If you want me to read your story, it has to be at least 100 pages or completed, not fanfiction, horror, or a short story so just post a link and summary and I'll check it out.***
A couple of facts about my stories:
-There will be a sequel. iTend to write trilogies only.
-Originally iPlanned to kill off Liliana but iCouldn't do that to my fans.
No Good Dead Goes Unpunished:
-Book One in the Rigor Mortis Trilogy and my prized piece of work.
-A lot of dark themes and motifs.
-Is about scary vampires!
Resisting The Bouvier Triplets:
-Is the hardest story to write for me. :(
-Inspired by true stories from my crazy high school/ college life.
-Will be Book One in a series of books that follow Danielle throughout high school and college.
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SDayPink Aug 15, 2015 03:44AM
***update*** I will not be updating the sequel to "My Crazy Obsessed Stalker" titled "You'll Never Have Me" until I am done working on another novel that I plan on publishing. Thanks for reading!View all conversations
Featured work.
28 Parts - Completed
My Crazy Obsessed Stalker (Watty Awards 2011)
By SDayPink
Social data: 832K reads. 12.1K votes. 3.6K comments.
Description: It started with a simple friendly hello and turned to something deadly. Enter Liliana. She is demure, beautiful and a girl from a small town in Illinois called Hampshire. When she moves to Chicago she makes ma...
Other Works by SDayPink.
You'll Never Have Me
Liliana's life is perfect. Things are about to change. Or go back to the way they were before. [sequel t...


text:
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This page is updated frequently with new Reductant-related patent applications.
Reductant topics: Internal Combustion Engine, Exhaust Gas, Scr Catalyst, Combustion, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Catalytic Reduction, Downstream, Nox Reduction, Nanoparticle, Hydrogen Sulfide, Regenerate, Hydrocarbon, Nitrogen Dioxide, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, Conversion Efficiency
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text:
NYPD gain videotaping freedom
Joseph Goldstein
The New York Sun
NEW YORK — The police department has gained more freedom to videotape political demonstrations after a federal judge withdrew yesterday a warning he had issued to the department.
Copyright © 2013 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Full story: NYPD gain videotaping freedom


text:
Definition of guyliner in English:
noun[mass noun] informal
Eyeliner that is worn by men: a glam rock singer with a banshee wail, guyliner, and black nail polish
More example sentences
- Wielding guyliner and lip-gloss, they give Jonathan a swift make-up lesson.
- The first step to reclaiming masculinity is to dry those pretty little eyes, reapply your manscara, touch up your guyliner and get right back to the testosterone-saturated stadium/building site/trading floor.
- It's the big night, the showdown, what's being called the guy next door versus the guyliner.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: guy|liner
Definition of guyliner in:
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Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
Pokémon GO has been released for Android and iOS in most countries! Need help learning Pokémon GO? Take a look at our Pokémon GO Player's Guides!
Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in our IRC channel #bulbagarden on irc.systemnet.info.
Talk:Avalanche (move)
I made an edit to this page a while back, but it was reverted with the point being that my edit was "pretty obvious". I don't understand the reason for the revert, as I do not find my point (that Avalanche forces the Pokemon using the move to attack last in the turn) to be obvious unless the move is used and tested. Can I get the reason for the revert clarified? --VGJustice 22:00, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
- For the move's description: "An attack move that inflicts double the damage if the user has been hurt by the foe in the same turn." If the user's been hurt, that means that the foe has gone first, and therefore that the user should be slower for better power. TTEchidna 04:58, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
- Alright, but that still doesn't present the problem that the move forces the user to move last. I agree that it's more powerful if they move last with this attack, but that doesn't have anything to do with what I was saying. --VGJustice 18:22, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
Alright, I've tried to be nice, but now I'm just getting irritated. TTEchidna, if you would like to please use the talk page here to inform me why it should no be stated that the pokemon using this move will attack LAST, then by all means inform us. Until then, I will re-add my point every day. --VGJustice 05:17, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
- Does Damage from status or weather count to doubling the power?Luckario 00:08, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
The page says it targets al adjacent pokemon, but it seems to only affect a single target in horde battles. Does this need confirmation in the game code? I don't know how to do that. PinkShinyRose (talk) 21:12, 19 January 2014 (UTC)
- Uh, it doesn't say that. Eridanus (talk) 21:22, 19 January 2014 (UTC)
- The chart indicates any Pokémon that can be targeted with the move. The words beneath it explain whether it affects all those targets or one chosen by the player. I hope this clears it up. Berrenta (talk) 21:49, 19 January 2014 (UTC)
- Oh, oops, it seems I misread. PinkShinyRose (talk) 01:25, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
- The chart indicates any Pokémon that can be targeted with the move. The words beneath it explain whether it affects all those targets or one chosen by the player. I hope this clears it up. Berrenta (talk) 21:49, 19 January 2014 (UTC)


text:
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 15, 2011
|Priority date
|Mar 5, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Stephen R. Forrest, Russell Holmes
|Original Assignee
|The Trustees Of Princeton University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (25), Classifications (22), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of pending application Ser. No. 10/793,968, filed on Mar. 5, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. F49620-00-1-0065, awarded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The government has certain rights in this invention.
The claimed invention was made by, on behalf of, and/or in connection with one or more of the following parties to a joint university-corporation research agreement: Princeton University, The University of Southern California, and Universal Display Corporation. The agreement was in effect on or before the date the claimed invention was made, and the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the agreement.
The present invention relates to organic lasers. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an organic laser that provides a self-stimulated source of coherent radiation originating from organic microcavity polaritons.
The past fifteen years have seen an explosive growth of research interest in the study and application of organic materials as the active media in organic opto-electronic devices. Today, this work has culminated with organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and specifically phosphorescent OLEDs. Opto-electronic devices that make use of organic materials are becoming increasingly desirable for a number of reasons. Many of the materials used to make such devices are relatively inexpensive, so organic opto-electronic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices. In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate.
Lasing action has been demonstrated in an organic laser having optically-pumped slab waveguide structures of vacuum-deposited thin films of small molecular weight organic semiconductors. V. G. Kozlov et al., Conf: on Lasers and Electro-optics CLEO '97, CPD-18, Opt. Soc. Am., Baltimore, Md., May 1997. Lasing from molecular organic as well as polymeric thin films has been shown to span the visible spectrum, extending into the near IR simply by making modifications to the lasing medium [V. G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic, P. E. Burrows, V. Khalfin, and S. R. Forrest, "Unique optical properties of organic lasers," presented at CLEO '98, San Francisco, 1998]. More importantly, the characteristics of organic lasers are remarkably temperature independent [V. G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic, and S. R. Forrest, "Temperature Independent Performance of Organic Semiconductor Lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 2575, 1997]. For example, the temperature dependence of a DCM2 doped Alq3 optically pumped organic thin film laser is compared to a GaAs-based laser. The threshold for optically pumped lasing, as well as the lasing wavelength of a molecular organic thin film as a function of temperature show minimal temperature dependence, in contrast to a conventional GaAs-based laser. The almost complete lack of change in these parameters (including slope efficiency) is due to the isolated, quantum nature of the excited state in organic thin films. These molecular states are largely isolated from those of the environment, leading to lack of sharing of electrons in broad energy bands as occurs in inorganic semiconductors.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the conventional techniques applied to achieving electrically induced laser emission in inorganic semiconductors, such as the use of an intensely pumped double heterostructure, may not be suited for the successfully generation of the laser emission in organic semiconductors. In organic materials, losses related to thin film resistance, polaron quenching and absorption, and singlet exciton annihilation may ultimately prohibit an organic thin film from reaching the lasing threshold by conventional approaches. [M. A. Baldo, R. J. Holmes, and S. R. Forrest, "Prospects for electrically pumped organic lasers," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 66, pp. 035321, 2002; V. G. Kozlov, G. Parthasarathy, P. E. Burrows, V. B. Khalfin, J. Wang, S. Y. Chou, and S. R. Forrest, "Structures for Organic Diode Lasers and Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductors Under Intense Optical and Electrical Excitations," IEEE J. Quant. Electron., vol. 36, pp. 18, 2000].
Perhaps the most promising and least explored option involves exploiting cavity polariton formation in organic materials embedded in high Q dielectric microcavities for the generation of coherent radiation. The study of microcavity polaritons in conventional inorganic semiconductors has been intensive since their initial discovery in GaAs in 1992 [C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, "Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity," Physical Review Letters, vol. 69, pp. 3314, 1992]. Recently, microcavity polaritons in organic materials have been described [N. Takada, T. Kamata, and D. D. C. Bradley, "Polariton emission from polysilane-based organic microcavities," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 82, pp. 1812, 2003; P. Schouwink, H. V. Berlepsch, L. Dahne, and R. F. Mahrt, "Observation of strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic microcavity," Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 344, pp. 352, 2001; D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature (London), vol. 395, pp. 53, 1998].
The present invention provides an organic polariton laser comprising a substrate, a resonant microcavity comprising an organic polariton emission layer; and an optical pump. In preferred embodiments the optical pump is a microcavity OLED allowing for the fabrication of a self-contained or integrated device.
The present invention is directed to an organic laser that provides a self-stimulated source of coherent radiation originating from organic microcavity polaritons. The organic polariton lasers of the present invention represent a device with the functionality of a conventional laser, but with considerably different underlying physics. The organic polariton laser comprises a substrate, a resonant microcavity comprising an organic polariton emission layer, and an optical pump.
A polariton is a quasi-particle that is an eigenstate of a strongly coupled exciton-photon system. This strong coupling generally occurs with the help of an external microcavity whose resonant frequency is tuned close to the exciton absorption resonance. The active lasing material is generally confined between two mirrors of high reflectivity (for example, distributed Bragg reflectors) and frequently also in at least one quantum well, thus reducing the dimensionality of excitons in the material. In such a system, excitons and photons become strongly coupled as polaritons, with the new dispersion relation of the system being different from both that of the individual exciton and photon, as illustrated by the dispersion of a cavity polariton in a pseudoisocyanine dye (see
Organic microcavities may be exceptionally well suited for the exploitation of the coupled exciton-photon state in a low (or even zero) threshold laser. In inorganic materials, the exciton binding energy is intrinsically so low (˜10 meV) that excitons, and hence polaritons, only exist at low temperature. There are exceptions to this rule with materials such as GaN, ZnO and ITO, where the exciton binding energy is large enough that the polariton state should be observable at room and even at elevated temperatures. [G. Malpuech, A. Di Carlo, A. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, M. Zamfirescu, and P. Lugli, "Room-temperature polariton lasers based on GaN microcavities," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 81, pp. 412, 2002]. However, polaritons in organic microcavities may still hold greater promise due to their large binding energy (˜1 eV).
To date, the most promising work involving polaritons has been the demonstration of bosonic stimulated scattering and optical gain under resonant optical excitation [P. G. Savvidis, J. J. Baumberg, R. M. Stevenson, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, "Angle-Resonant Stimulated Polariton Amplifier," Physical Review Letters, vol. 84, pp. 1547, 2000]. Stimulated scattering refers to the tendency of bosons to populate final states whose population is greater than unity. This final state stimulation forms the basis for conventional laser operation, where photon emission is stimulated by the large scale occupation of photon modes in the cavity. Resonant excitation refers to the situation where polaritons are generated with an energy and in-plane wavevector matched to those at the inflection point of the lower branch of the polariton dispersion relation. For a stimulated scattering event to occur, momentum must be conserved. Thus, if polaritons of momentum kp scatter with one polariton ending up in the k=0 state, the others must end up in the k=2 kp state to conserve momentum. This momentum conservation is observed by detecting photoluminescence from both the k=0 state and the k=2 kp state.
Resonant excitation may be used to demonstrate stimulated scattering and gain using polaritons. The same result may be achieved using non-resonant excitation. Non-resonant excitation refers to the case where polaritons have arbitrary energy and in-plane wavevector, similar to what would be expected under electrical excitation. If the case of non-resonant excitation is considered, assume excitons are generated at high k, and permitted to reduce their energy and in-plane wavevector through the emission of longitudinal optical phonons. This initial phonon emission occurs rapidly in conventional semiconductors (<1 ps) [M. S. Skolnick, A. I. Tartakovskii, R. Butte, D. M. Whittaker, and R. M. Stevenson, "High-Occupancy Effects and Stimulation Phenomena in Semiconductor Microcavities," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 1060, 2002], and is followed by a slower acoustic phonon emission process until excitons fall into the region of the dispersion curve referred to as the "exciton reservoir", occurring on the high k side of the region of strongest coupling (and hence highest polariton-like character). The challenge to generating gain non-resonantly arises at this point. Below the exciton reservoir, there exists a "bottleneck" toward population of the low k states that results from the competition between phonon-assisted polariton relaxation from the exciton reservoir (˜1 ns) and the increasing escape rate for polaritons from the microcavity as the dispersion curve becomes increasingly photon-like.
The relaxation bottleneck effects the ability to populate states of low k. When the excitation is increased, the bottleneck is suppressed, and the peak photoluminescence intensity peaks at low k. Further increases in excitation should provide for increased suppression of the bottleneck due to increased polariton-polariton and polariton-exciton scattering.
Optical gain and the possibility for self-stimulated coherent emission become possible when the polariton bottleneck is suppressed. In the case of resonant excitation, the bottleneck is automatically eliminated since polaritons are created with an in-plane wavevector that is less than that included in the exciton reservoir, meaning that the polaritons have already effectively bypassed the bottleneck. With the bottleneck no longer a concern, scattering can allow for a significant population to build up at k=0. More difficult to achieve is the self-stimulated case reported under both pulsed [J. Erland, V. Mizeikis, W. Langbein, J. R. Jensen, and J. M. Hvam, "Stimulated secondary emission from semiconductor microcavities," Physical Review Letters, vol. 86, pp. 5791, 2001] and continuous wave excitation, where a sufficiently large population builds up a k=0 such that the emission from polaritons stimulates the remaining polaritons in the k=0 state to radiate. Such a situation is analogous to a self-stimulated polariton laser. No threshold needs to be established in this polariton laser, and the polaritonic system is in a regime of strong exciton-photon coupling, while a conventional laser operates in the weak coupling regime. The similarity with the conventional laser comes primarily from the coherent light output.
Resonant excitation has allowed for the generation of gains up to 5000 in semiconductor microcavities [M. Saba, C. Ciuti, J. Bloch, V. Thierry-Mieg, R. Andre, L. S. Dang, S. Kundermann, A. Mura, G. Bongiovanni, J. L. Staehli, and B. Deveaud, "High-temperature ultrafast polariton amplifier," Nature (London), vol. 414, pp. 731, 2001]. However, for these phenomena to be applicable to lasing, gain under non-resonant excitation needs to be demonstrated. As has already been described, the challenge to achieving gain; or self-stimulated coherent emission is the overcoming of the polariton bottleneck. Skolnick et al. [M. S. Skolnick, A. I. Tartakovskii, R. Butte, D. M. Whittaker, and R. M. Stevenson, "High-Occupancy Effects and Stimulation Phenomena in Semiconductor Microcavities," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 1060, 2002] addressed this, noting that as the pump intensity is increased, the effect of the bottleneck is lessened as a result of increased polariton-polariton and polariton-exciton scattering, allowing for the de-excitation of the polariton to lower k states, and ultimately to the k=0 state. The limitations to this approach is that as the pump intensity is increased in a conventional semiconductor, excitons dissociate into electron-hole pairs (destroying the strong coupling) and also tend to screen each other at large densities, again dissociating the excitons into electron-hole pairs, resulting in the loss of strong coupling.
Organic materials are an excellent candidate to use in suppressing the relaxation bottleneck. Since organic materials can be chosen to consist of tightly bound Frenkel excitons, with binding energies on the order of 1 eV, they should allow strong coupling to persist up to the high pump powers necessary to increase polariton scattering. Additionally, as a result of the large Rabi splittings (i.e. branch splittings) observed for organic microcavity polaritons (˜100 meV compared to <10 meV for inorganic semiconductors), and the large exciton binding energies associated with Frenkel excitons, the strong coupling should be very robust, even at room temperature, in stark contrast with the inorganic semiconductors.
The Substrate 110 may be made of any transmissive material that provides the desired structural properties. "Transmissive" as used herein indicates that light of the wavelengths emitted by the structure (101) is transmitted through the substrate material without substantial loss of amplitude, and preferably with substantially no loss of amplitude. Glass, plastic and quartz are examples of preferred substrate materials. The material and thickness of substrate 110 may be chosen to obtain desired structural and optical properties.
The microcavity 120 comprises an organic polariton emission layer within a resonant microcavity structure. The microcavity is designed to enhance light-matter interactions. The organic polariton emission layer is generally confined between two mirrors of high reflectivity (for example, distributed Bragg reflectors) and frequently also in at least one quantum well, thus reducing the dimensionality of excitons in the material. In such a system, excitons and photons become strongly coupled as polaritons. In one embodiment the microcavity comprises a first reflective layer and a second reflective layer, 121 and 123. The reflective layers should have a high reflectivity. The resulting cavities should have a high Q, preferably greater than about 500. In a preferred embodiment the reflective layers are comprised of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs).
Distributed Braggs reflectors are periodical structures made up of two semiconductor or dielectric materials having different refractive indices. Preferred materials for DBR layers include TiO2/SiO2 multilayer stacks, although other DBR materials may be used. The gratings may be fabricated by sputter deposition or plasma deposition, and monitored in situ using ellipsometry as they are deposited. Additionally, the dielectric materials may be deposited by thermal evaporation. The reflective layers may be designed with the typical DBR requirement in mind, namely that the thickness of each dielectric layer be equal to the wavelength of light to be reflected divided by 4 times the index of refraction of the dielectric material at said wavelength (wavelength/(4�n)).
The effective length of the microcavity should be equal to an integer number of half wavelengths (m�wavelength/2) of the light to be confined (where m is an integer and the wavelength is that of the light in the material). Additionally, the photon should experience no net phase shift upon a round trip through the cavity at resonance.
The organic polariton layer 122 comprises an organic material. These compounds are characterized by a very small Franck-Condon shift—i.e. the emission and absorption spectra strongly overlap, creating coupling between the photon (in the absorption spectrum) and the exciton (whose characteristic emission overlaps absorption). For strong coupling to occur, narrow absorption features may be required, implying long exciton lifetimes during which coupling to the cavity photon can occur. The organic polariton emission medium may be comprised of, for example, compounds that form J aggregates, such as cyanine dyes. Examples of suitable materials include a psuedoisocyanine and 1,1′-dialkyl-2,2′-cyanines, transition metal porpyhrins (e.g. phenyl-porphyrin zinc) and a-conjugated polysilanes (e.g. poly(n-butylphenylsilane)). Other materials include polyaromatic cyclic anhydrides, such as 3,4,7,8-naphthalene dianhydride (NTCDA). However, other materials that demonstrate strong coupling may be used.
In one embodiment, the organic polariton layer comprises an organic material that is deposited by a thermal evaporation technique. The resulting layer of organic material may form a crystalline or polycrystalline layer.
Device 100 may include a dielectric spacer 130. The dielectric spacer layer may be included as a means to reduce damage to the polariton DBR stack from the deposition of the OLED DBR stack. Additionally, the dielectric spacer may function as a means of tuning the outcoupling properties of the OLED into the polariton stack. The only requirement for the dielectric spacer layer is that it must be transparent to the light emitted from the OLED. Materials which may be appropriate for use in the dielectric spacer includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride, lithium fluoride, tellurium oxide, titanium oxide, etc.
Any light emitting device may be used as the pump source, so long as the emitted light is of sufficient intensity and the wavelength is appropriate to match the resonance of the polaritons generated in the organic polariton emission layer. In a preferred embodiment, an OLED is employed as the optical pump 150. An OLED pump is preferred as they can be fabricated on top of other devices at room temperature. The OLED pump is generally inexpensive to fabricate and allows for the construction of an integrated device.
In a preferred embodiment, the pump source comprises a microcavity emitting OLED. The microcavity emitting OLED comprises an OLED structure 150 and a DBR 140. The OLED DBR is detuned from the DBRs of the microcavity 120. The output of the microcavity emitting OLED, represented by the arrows 102, is focused at the correct angle (resonance angle) to match the resonance of the polariton microcavity. The OLED DBR is tuned so that the maximum emission emerges at a k-value equal to that needed to pump the polariton medium at the inflection point of its dispersion curve. A calculated angular emission pattern from such a microcavity OLED is shown in
The selection of a particular OLED structure or emissive material depends on the material selected to exhibit strong coupling. Thus, the only general requirement for the OLED is that it be of the highest possible quantum efficiency and that its output spectrum overlap with the absorption spectrum of the active material of the organic polariton emission medium for resonant or non-resonant excitation (depending on which scheme is desired). Materials and methods for the fabrication of the OLED are known in the art, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,645,645, 6,639,357, 6,303,238 and 6,310,360; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002-0034656; 2002-0182441; and 2003-0072964; and WO-02/074015, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Techniques for depositing the materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are well known in the art. For example, a preferred method of depositing organic layers is by thermal evaporation; a preferred method of depositing metal layers is by thermal or electron-beam evaporation; a preferred method of depositing ITO is by electron-beam evaporation or sputtering. However, the present invention contemplates the use of any suitable method of depositing layers of material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first polariton cavity DBR is grown onto a glass substrate. The gratings may be fabricated by sputter deposition or plasma deposition, and monitored in situ using ellipsometry as they are deposited. Next, the organic polariton emission medium, for example a psuedoisocyanine which forms J aggregates, is deposited. Then a second DBR stack is deposited finishing the high Q cavity. Next, a dielectric spacer is grown. The device is completed by fabricating a microcavity emitting OLED onto the polariton cavity surface. This begins by depositing a third DBR detuned from the DBRs of the polariton structure. Then an ITO anode is sputtered onto the OLED DBR, followed by a high intensity OLED layer structure, finishing up with a metal cathode.
In another embodiment, a non-resonant polariton laser may be fabricated, which differs from the resonant device in that the OLED DBR can be omitted. Without resonance, there is no strong angular dependence of the pump light; hence the simple Lambertian pattern of a standard OLED.
Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the invention may be incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products, including communications devices, printers, etching systems, measuring devices, optical memory devices, display devices, and sensor devices. The devices of the invention may also be employed as wavelength references for wavelength division multiplexing, optical heterodyning and optical clock applications. Many of the devices are intended for use in a temperature range comfortable to humans, such as 18 degrees C. to 30 degrees C., and more preferably at room temperature (20-25 degrees C.).
It is understood that the various embodiments described herein are by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. For example, many of the materials and structures described herein may be substituted with other materials and structures without deviating from the spirit of the invention. It is understood that various theories as to why the invention works are not intended to be limiting. For example, theories relating to charge transfer are not intended to be limiting.
While the present invention is described with respect to preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The present invention as claimed therefore includes variations from the preferred embodiments described herein, as will be apparent to one of skill in the art.
An OMCs completely filled with the thermally evaporated polycrystalline material 3,4,7,8 napthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) was prepared and exhibited strong coupling and the hybridization of excitons arising from separate vibronic transitions characteristic of this molecular species. Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) consisting of 8 pairs of quarter wavelength thick SiO2 and SiNX layers were deposited on quartz substrates using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, yielding a peak reflectivity of 90%. A polycrystalline film of NTCDA was deposited onto the DBR mirror by sublimation at 10−7 Torr, forming a cavity between the DBR and a 200 nm Al cap deposited onto the NTCDA surface by thermal evaporation. (See
Reflectivity spectra from an OMC containing a 20 nm thick film of NTCDA exhibit two clearly defined features, with anti-crossing at an angle of θ=28� (
The potential, V, includes the interaction of the exciton and the cavity photon. Here the uncoupled exciton dispersion (Eex) is independent of angle, with the cavity photon energy, Ep, following Equation 2 (A. Yariv, Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 5th ed. (Oxford University Press, New York, 1997)):
where the cut-off energy is E0, and n is the effective index of refraction of the uncoupled and non-absorbing cavity. The fits in
Model Parameters for 20 nm, 40 nm and 60 nm filmsa
Thickness (nm)
V1 (meV)b
V2 (meV)
3.04 � 0.05
1.90 � 0.05
78 � 2
2.88 � 0.05
1.80 � 0.05
140 � 10
50 � 10
2.70 � 0.05
1.60 � 0.05
180 � 10
60 � 10
aBest fits were obtained with uncoupled exciton energies fixed at Eex1 = 3.14 eV and Eex2 = 3.35 eV for all thicknesses.
bRabi splittings are equal to twice the interaction potentials V1 and V2.
Microcavities with 40 m and 60 nm thick active layers of NTCDA were fabricated as in Example 1. In general, Ω varies as (αL)1/2, where α and L are the absorption coefficient and thickness of the NTCDA layer respectively (C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3314 (1992)). Reflectivity spectra collected at selected angles for these microcavities are depicted in
The coupled mode formalism can be extended to include a third excitonic oscillator via:
where α, β, and γ are the mixing coefficients of the new eigenvectors of the strongly coupled system. Here, two interaction potentials (V1, V2) are included in the Hamiltonian as well as two separate uncoupled exciton energy states (Eex1, Eex2). The energy eigenvalues can be determined numerically to model the dispersion relations of
Strong coupling in a polycrystalline organic material such as NTCDA tests the conventional application of the coupled mode formalism of Eq. (3). In NTCDA, since the cavity photon and exciton modes cannot be separated, it is impossible to define an "empty-cavity" regime between the mirrors. The index of refraction, n, used in Eq. (2) is that found in the absence of the absorber, a decoupled scheme that is not experimentally realizable in NTCDA. Hence, since the excitation is near the dispersion edge of NTCDA, the best fits to the data require that n be decreased slightly with increased film thickness as a result of the lower cavity photon energies intrinsic to thicker cavities.
Note that Eq. (3) assumes that no coupling exists between the 0-0 and 0-1 excitonic states in the absence of the cavity mode. The large splittings between the middle and upper branches (˜100 meV) imply Rabi periods on the order of 50 fs, much shorter than the lifetime of typical vibronic transitions (˜ps), thus justifying the assumptions that the two excitonic states are largely non-interacting.
In strongly coupled organic microcavities, only a fraction of the photogenerated states are thought to be coherent. For example, in J-aggregates, it has been suggested that there exists a cut-off wavevector for the lower (upper) branch of the dispersion relation above (below) which states are localized and incoherent. These incoherent states are the result of the broad dispersionless character of electronic transitions in organic semiconductors within an OMC. The incoherent state can be excited non-resonantly, and then radiatively transfer energy to resonantly pump coherent states of the lower branch. This avoids the polariton bottleneck that exists in inorganic materials where exciton-phonon coupling is much weaker, and the uncoupled exciton state is itself coherent. In NTCDA, the exciton linewidth (
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|U.S. Classification
|372/53, 372/70
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 8, 2004
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Annual Meeting and Attorney Training Conference
October 12-13, Bozeman
AGENDA to come


text:
We have four big name players who, if they have great sesons will demand big contracts.
A. Smith, V. Davis, M. Lawson, and D. Goldston. I know contracts are being rumord for some but if no contracts are reached, and you are on the fence about 1 guy you want to see more out of befor huge $$$ is thrown at him, WHO WOULD YOU FRANCHISE???