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|Women, Petite, Tall, Plus-sized
Follow my blog at: http://lenaslegacyhandknits.wordpress.com
I am certified as a Level 1 Master Hand Knitter by The Knitting Guild Association. My grandmother Lena taught me to knit when I was 4 ...
Follow my blog at: http://lenaslegacyhandknits.wordpress.com
I am certified as a Level 1 Master Hand Knitter by The Knitting Guild Association. My grandmother Lena taught me to knit when I was 4 years old and told me that a lifetime of knitting pleasure was her legacy to me. I love to design and knit and enter my work in competitions. I've won numerous awards and ribbons over the years and that's a lot of fun, but the greatest pleasure is the actual creative process. I specialize in Beginner and Intermediate level designs that teach new skills and promote excitement for the art that is Knitting. I think new knitters should have the opportunity to work with a well-written design that reinforces their current skills, teaches them new skills and gets a "WOW, you made that?!!?" response when showing off their completed project.
I specialize in easy knits for beginner knitters that look like they were knitted by a seasoned hand and I'm confident you will agree that my Easy Light and Breezy Scarf lives up to its name and my objective.
The pattern contains no purl stitches and is what my mother would have described as a "fancy shmancy" garter stitch. If you can cast on, knit, yarn over and knit two stitches together, you should find this a quick and easy knit.
Each half of the scarf is knitted separately, then grafted together in the middle, but don't worry! If you're new to grafting and the Kitchener stitch, you'll learn this technique with my step-by-step instructions.
For a little added sparkle, I sewed Czech glass beads to each end of the scarf, but that's entirely optional and I think the scarf is lovely even without the beads.
As with all my designs, I'm available to answer your questions and help you work through the pattern. You'll find my Email address on the top of the pattern and I encourage you to contact me if you need me. I want you to be happy with your purchase, have a great time working on it, hopefully learn something new if you're a new knitter and end up with a spectacular result.
36 sts and 24 rows = 4 inches/10 cm
204 yards of DK weight


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About us
Obsessed, addicted and immersed in the mountains since 1983, I have written my life story around snowboarding. I have been all in from the beginning - hiking resorts before they allowed snowboards at age 9, all-night drives to Jackson Hole in high school to score first tram of the year, hiking all night to score a first descent at dawn. Becoming a pro snowboarder was not an optional career, there was no back-up plan.
Obsessed, addicted and immersed in the mountains since 1983, I have written my life story around snowboarding. I have been all in from the beginning - hiking resorts before they allowed snowboards at age 9, all-night drives to Jackson Hole in high school to score first tram of the year, hiking all night to score a first descent at dawn. Becoming a pro snowboarder was not an optional career, there was no back-up plan.
Now 30 years after stepping on my first snowboard I feel blessed to have been given the opportunities I have. From riding some of the world's wildest lines to the products I have helped create, it's been an honor to be a part of snowboarding's evolution. During this journey I have often focused on the performance of my equipment. How can we make this board better…rail an edge harder…weigh less without sacrificing durability?
I founded Jones Snowboards in 2009 to find answers to these performance questions and make innovative backcountry snowboarding equipment that reflected this passion for technical progression. After six years of tweaking and obsessing over our designs, we are just starting to hit our stride.
For 2015/16, our lineup of boards and backpacks is truly the ultimate quiver with diverse board and pack designs perfect for riding any terrain, in any condition, in-bounds or out. I stand behind the performance, quality and durability of our products by trusting my life to this equipment on every expedition. With our partners POW and 1% For The Planet, we also strive to be a leader in the fight against climate change and minimize the environmental footprint of our company whenever possible.
Snowboarding is not my job, it's my life. Jones Snowboards is a natural evolution for me and all the gear we produce is born of my passion for snowboarding and wilderness exploration. Come experience the progression. Ride with me. - Jeremy Jones
The journey is the reward.— Jeremy Jones
White Moments
I stepped onto a snowboard for the first time thirty years ago in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. On my first run down the small grassy hill I let gravity take me until I was too scared and then slammed on the brakes by crashing to the side. My first run was not a 'white moment'. It did not change my life, but it sure felt fun. So I grabbed my board and walked back up the hill to do it again. Like any nine-year-old I hated hiking, but for some reason I kept walking back up the hill, again and again.
My first 'white moment' came three years and hundreds of crashes later. It was a run from higher on that same hill, but instead of crashing, I put my snowboard on edge and made the first linked toe and heel turns of my life. The feeling of making those first turns was indescribable. It was as if someone had just waved a magic wand and POOF! I was transported through a one-way portal into this magical world of surfing mountains. Soon after this groundbreaking run, I became consumed by snowboarding. I was young but somehow I knew. One way or another, my life would revolve around snowboarding.
Fast forward to today and the magic is still there, lighting up my eyes any chance I get to ride. The only difference between that first 'white moment' and the 'white moments' I still chase on my snowboard is that my snowboarding world has now grown to include many dimensions. Depending on the day, I may be pulling g's and popping rollers riding the lifts on a Carbon Flagship, stepping out of my tent and into a Solution Splitboard for a day of exploring an unknown mountain range or maybe leaving the trailhead at dark thirty with an Ultracraft
heading up to ride a mega-classic line with the help of ropes, ice axes and crampons.
Not to mention resort pow days spent showing my kids a secret powder stash and how to do a layback snap on a ducked out Mountain Twin 151 or walking out of my backyard and sessioning the neighborhood hills riding the Mountain Surfer. It doesn't happen every day, but in my thirty years of riding I have now felt 'white moments' of pure life-changing joy from all of these styles of snowboarding.
I have never been one to look back so I'm not surprised that I missed my thirty year snowboarding anniversary. When I do allow myself a moment to reflect on the last thirty odd years, all the questions that come up are still answered by the feeling I had after those first turns. Did I know what I was getting into? Did I think my snowboard would take me this far? It is not a cut and dry answer, but all in all - Yes. I did not envision the awards, movies, snowboard company or magazine covers, but living a life set up around snowboarding every
day on the best mountains I can find was never in question. That was always the plan and the plan is not changing anytime soon.

subset: commoncrawl


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We've recruited competitive, progressive leaders to run for office who can also galvanize progressive voters.
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MOUNDRIDGE — Victoria Wiebe Helms, 46, died Aug. 18, 2013 at Schowalter Villa, Hesston. Survivors include a daughter, Gabreal Taylor, Moundridge; mother and step-father, Tina and Bobbi Martinez, Haysville; brothers, Kenneth (Nicole) Wiebe and Tom (Karen) Wiebe, all of Wichita; sister, Bobbie (Alex) Smith, Texas.
Memorial service will be 3 p.m. Saturday, Aug. 24, 2013, at the Schowalter Villa Chapel, Hesston.
Memorial donations are suggested to the Victoria Wiebe Helms Memorial Fund, in care of the Moundridge Funeral Home, P.O. Box 410, Moundridge, KS 67107.
Location, ST | website.com


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Ramya sues a TV channel
Golden Girl Ramya is not happy. The actress is angry because her name has been dragged into the ongoing IPL fixing controversy. In the recent weeks, we have read reports about Sandalwood actresses' involvement in IPL fixing. Sanjjanna Galrani, Lakshmi Rai, Shweta Srivatsava's names were linked to the issue.
Well, Ramya's name was also taken up by a Kannada television channel and it was speculated that the Golden Girl could also been investigated by cops as she was part of the earlier seasons of IPL. As a result, the actress has filed the defamation case for unnecessarily dragging her name without any proof. It is said that the channel aired her photographs with a news clipping.
"The channel had aired a clipping about the possibility of Kannada actresses being involved in the spot-fixing fiasco. But I don't understand on what basis they used my picture for the same," the Times of India quoted Ramya as saying. However, further details are yet to be revealed. Continue reading the story on the slideshow...


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Royal Court HOTEL IN PRAGUE CENTER + BREAKFAST 5
Anzahl von Gästen2
Größe16 m²
Stockwerk2(mit Fahrstuhl)
- Familien- / Kinderfreundlich
- Internet/WLAN
- Haustiere erlaubt
- Klimaanlage
- Frühstück
- Fahrstuhl im Gebäude
- Handtücher
|Wenzigova, 120 00 Prague, Tschechien
|Privates Zimmer
|In wenigen Stunden
|Kalender aktualisiert
|Vor einer Woche
FREE Wi-Fi
Check in time is from 14:00
Check out prior 12:00
Breakfasts from 7:00 till 10:30
Royal Court Hotel is a brand new, modern and comfortable hotel, which is located in a fully restored and renovated XIX century building of the former Royal Court. It is located in the central part near the medieval sights and the quay of the river Vltava with some of the most beautiful bridges in Europe stretching across it.
Our friendly English-speaking personnel will surround you with care and attention and will make sure you have the warmest memories of your visit to Prague.
We are pleased to offer you a classic cozy double room, which is equipped with all the necessary things for your comfortable stay. You can choose rooms with either a double bed or two large beds. The rooms are equipped with:
Shower cabin, hairdryer, towels
Shower gel/shampoo
Aroma soap for hands
Air condition
Tea set
Welcome coffee and tea
Extra services (paid):
Extra cleaning
Airport transfer
Public transport tickets
Parking for middle-sized cars costs 15-25 euro/day (at the building near apartments). The price depends on the size of your car.
If you have some more questions, feel free to ask me about!
|Check-in ab
|Check-in vor
|Nach Vereinbarung
|Check-out vor
As always fantastic service!! The staff was very helpful and professional. I must say I loved this apartment a LOT more than the other apartment we stayed in last time. Less road noise. I also loved how there was a separate bedroom. Very clean room. The bathroom was very nice.
The hotel is not directly in the heart of Prague. But a short walk and you'll be there. The staff provides excellent service and responds fast to questions prior to arrival. We have had a great time and the beds were comfortable. The breakfast is different every day with some basic components to please every guest.
No downsides on staying in this hotel.
The place is very near the metro station. The apartments are cleaned everyday, and the treatment is perfect.
Absolutely great experience.
Huge, nice, clean and lovely designed flat. Very central and definetely to recommend.
Hello Elizabeth,
Too bad that we haven't met in person, but your colleagues are very nice and helpful.
We had an excellent stay.
The room was nice and clean each and every day.
I will certainly recommend the apartments to friends and other members of Scouting Netherlands.
Thank you very much for your kind review.
Dennis Callaars
Spacious, nicely decorated apartment in lovely old building. Close to metro and 5-10 minute walk to Wenceslas Square. Plenty of good, reasonably priced eating places nearby. The more hotel-like setup may not suit some people but the reception staff were friendly and helpful.
I enjoyed staying in the Hotel. The room and attached bath were very clean and meticulously cleaned daily. The location is very good with comfortable walking distance to all the major attractions in Prague. The room had a tea/coffee maker which was very handy. The staff were helpful at all times. There is a mini market quite close to the hotel and a major supermarket walking distance away.
Royal Court Apartments definitely set our Prague trip to the top level. The staff was very helpful and professional. The apartment was large and very spacious for our family of 5. The beds were very comfortable. Lots of towels.
The Metro was VERY close and we used the subway everywhere! Very very easy to use!
My only things: lots of road noise. I think next time we will go more internal. Having a broom to clean would be awesome! The shower head was spraying everywhere. But I wouldn't deduct though since they are only very small things.
What a beautiful apartment both me and my friend wanted to uplift it and take it back home. Haha. :) Very clean, tidy bright apartment not far at all from the old town and centre.
The staff were lovely, very friendly and helpful.
Would highly recommend anyone to say here. :)
What a beautiful city too.
Elizabeth was a great host for us in Prague..as a first ever place to stay in Europe, her apartment made getting to all the places we wanted to go to very easy by public transport and by foot..reception is on duty 24/7, and access to the flats are with a key that is given to you when you check-in, and so is very safe..the apartment was huge, for the 5 of us, and had tea, coffee provided as well as a washing machine, which is really handy...and Wi-Fi is free, which is really convenient...I would DEFINETALY recommend booking with Elizabeth..Prague is a beautiful city and I will be back and stay here again
- Die Qualität der Unterkunft ist geprüft
- Jeder Gastgeber wird telefonisch verifiziert
- Sichere Bezahlung mit SSL-Verschlüsselung


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Save on Photo Walks of London
Photo Walks of London
London Pass Benefits:
Save 30% on any photo walk or get 2 for 1 when there are multiple people in a group. Normal price £60 day tour, £90 night tour.
Photo Walks Of London offer photographic walking tours of the capital – it's a new way to experience London sightseeing with professional advice from an expert guide who will not only show you the best views in London but the best way to capture them for posterity.
London Pass customers can enjoy 2 for 1 or 1/3 off for a single articipant. Normal price £60 for a day tour and £90 for a night time tour. To redeem, show your London Pass
There are three two-hour photographic walking tours available at Photo Walks Of London: the Historic Tour departs daily from Westminster at 9.45am and takes in major London attractions such as Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, St James Park and Trafalgar Square while the Pool Of London photo tours depart daily from Tower Hill Underground Station and take you past the Tower Of London, Tower Bridge and to the old Victorian Market of Leadenhall in the heart of the City Of London.
The third London photography tour takes in the South Bank and leaves daily from St Paul's Underground Station at 15.45 – London visitors will see St Paul's Cathedral, the Millennium Bridge and Shakespeare's Globe Theatre as well as giving you a chance to capture the beautiful landscape of the South Bank.
These photography tours of London are designed to take in the most breathtaking London attractions and landscapes with assistance on hand from an expert photographer who can show you how to get the best results from your camera and how to photograph the views that other London tourists don't normally see.
see The:
Full List Of Attractions Included
"Experience London easily and at a fraction of the price with the London Pass. Absolutely love the London Pass! It was easy to order online, and we had absolutely no issues with it while we used it around town. We purchased the 3 day pass with travel and used it every day to numerous different sights. If you are sight seeing London for the first time, this is definite buy as it'll save you on admission to almost all of the places that you would want to go!"
Nicole from USA
|Start times vary - Night and evening tours available on request
Loading Map - Please wait...
07950 395 104


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Welcome all to a new week of Excel for Educators where I've tried to take some of the things that I do in my work with the Analytics, Research and Evaluation team here at Discovery Education and frame them in the perspective of the classroom teacher, and then divide them into 15-20 minute segments. This
Microsoft Excel For Educators: Segment 2
Welcome all to a new week of Excel for Educators where I've tried to take some of the things that I do in my work with the Analytics, Research and Evaluation team here at Discovery Education and frame them in the perspective of the classroom teacher, and then divide them into 15-20 minute segments. This
Win $45,000 in Classroom Technology for your School
Some of you who've been around will remember the CDW-G Win A Wireless Lab Sweepstakes, which is back for an 11th year of partnering with Discovery Education to award schools with classroom technology. The 2014 Win A Wireless Lab Sweepstakes is open for all educators to get entered – and you could win $45,000 in
Fun Fact Friday: How toilets work
Do you know how a toilet works? Not everyone does! The typical toilet is made up of the commonly known parts like the flush lever, tank and the bowl, but also includes the flapper, flush valve, and overflow tube. The toilet tank contains clean water, which is held in reserve for the next flush. When
Fun Fact Friday: Star Trek inventions that became reality
Did you know that quite a few of the technological marvels from television's Star Trek started out as science fiction, but are now reality, or even commonplace? It's true! Cell Phones: It's funny when you think about it. Remember flip phones? Captain Kirk had one before they were cool! While mobile phones are now a
Learn More About ConnectED!
While this may be old news for many, you might be interested to learn more about the White House's latest proposal to support ConnectED, the digital transition taking place in classrooms across the country. Through this initiative, President Obama sets a country-wide goal of connecting 99% of classrooms with broadband and high-speed Internet access over
DEN Techformation – Powtoon
http://www.powtoon.com/p/dPk9HLLIVmQ/ Have you flipped your classroom, but find giving simple instructions online to be difficult and boring? Would you like to begin your classroom presentations with a motivational video hook? Powtoon is the answer for you. I discovered this product in the Beta stage and fell in love with it. I started with a free
Discovery Education Sneak Peek Webinar Series
Be the first to get a look at upcoming enhancements to Discovery Education! This sneak peek will showcase integration strategies for leveraging new tools, content, and resources, including Discovery Education Student Board Builder and the new Discovery Education Streaming Plus with model lessons, assessments, and digital content designed to address specific Math and ELA Common
A Snapshot of Where American Technology Education Fits in Globally
These are the rankings for the top colleges from around the world that competed in the international Collegiate Programming Contest in 2012. Students from universities from around the world competed for bragging rights and prizes at The 36th Annual ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest World Finals sponsored by IBM on May of 2012. The contest pits
Technology Slam Scheduled in West Baton Rouge
Will be be in the West Baton Rouge area this Saturday? Looking for some great technology ideas, activities or just want to hang out with some awesome educators then you must attend the REGION II TECHNOLOGY SLAM Come ready to share ideas as we "slam" on our favorite technology topics. Saturday March 9, 2013 8:30


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Definition of Faraday, Michael in English:
Faraday, Michael
(1791–1867), English physicist and chemist. He contributed significantly to the field of electromagnetism, discovering electromagnetic induction and demonstrating electromagnetic rotation (the key to the electric dynamo and motor). Faraday also discovered the laws of electrolysis and set the foundations for the classical field theory of electromagnetic behaviour.
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text: Personalised Moustache Chocolate Bar by TheLittleBoysRoom £6.95$12.03€8.20$9.21 In stock £6.95$12.03€8.20$9.21 delivery to United States Receive this item 5-10 working days from dispatch International delivery available Favourite Favourite View your favourites name (required) line 2 on front (bold) (required) line 1 of message on back line 2 of message on back line 3 of message on back personalisation detailspersonalisation details (required)I have checked that my spelling and details are correct and not included symbols or accentspersonalisation details (required)I have checked that my spelling and details are correct and not included symbols or accentspersonalisation details (required)I have checked that my spelling and details are correct and not included symbols or accentspersonalisation details (required)I have checked that my spelling and details are correct and not included symbols or accents quantity by TheLittleBoysRoom Location: andover, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Soldiers Head Plant Pot by TheLittleBoysRoom £14.95$25.88€17.63$19.81 'You Hold The Key To My Heart' Keyring by TheLittleBoysRoom £19.95$34.54€23.53$26.44 Build Your Own Den by TheLittleBoysRoom £62.95$109.01€74.27$83.45 Personalised Men's His And Hers Bracelet by TheLittleBoysRoom £64.95$112.47€76.63$86.10 Personalised Cotton Map Tea Towel by TheLittleBoysRoom £24.95$43.20€29.43$33.07 Personalised Oak Photo Cube Keepsake Box by TheLittleBoysRoom £24.95$43.20€29.43$33.07 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS CUSTOMER REVIEWS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain can be personalised ask seller a question save for later Do you know a chocoholic that likes a good moustache? Then our Fantastic Personalised Chocolate Bar will fit the bill. Each bar features a wrapper that's personalised with any name on the front and a special message on the back. Inside the wrapper is a foil covered 100g bar of melt in the mouth milk chocolate. Personalise this Moustache Chocolate Bar with 2 lines of 20 characters on the front. The text on the second line will be bold. made from: Milk Chocolate Bar 100grms. dimensions: 15cm x 6.5cm x 1cmWeight 100g May contain traces of nuts. product code: 331201 2 customer reviews read about our product rating system ratings guide trusted independent customer feedbackforum excellent bad good poor This product is dispatched to you by TheLittleBoysRoom. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Free Delivery Thursday 1 September FREEFREEFREEFREE Tracked Next Day Delivery Wednesday 31 August £4.95$8.57€5.84$6.56 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$8.65€5.89$6.62 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$8.65€5.89$6.62 USA & Canada 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £6.95$12.03€8.20$9.21 Asia & Australasia 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$12.55€8.55$9.61 Rest of the world 5-14 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$12.55€8.55$9.61 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. TheLittleBoysRoom's return policy Please see notonthehighstreet.com's returns policy.


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Definition of marmoset in English:
A small tropical American monkey with a silky coat and a long tail.
- Family Callitrichidae (or Callithricidae): genus Callithrix (three species), and the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea).
Example sentences
- Every year more than 10,000 non-human primates, including baboons, owl monkeys rhesus macaques and marmosets are transported by commercial airlines to research labs.
- Rare uakari monkeys, marmosets and umbrella birds move through the lush canopy foraging for food.
- Human cold sores, he said, can kill smaller monkeys like marmosets and tamarins.
Late Middle English (also in the sense 'grotesque figure'): from Old French marmouset 'grotesque image', of unknown ultimate origin.
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Western Sydney Business Connection (WSBC) is pleased to welcome The Hon Mike Baird MP, Premier of NSW to the heart of Sydney for his annual State of the Region Address at Rosehill Gardens, 8 September, 2016.
This year's event will deliver another bumper crowd with the Premier addressing over 600 of Western Sydney's business leaders to share the NSW Government's progress and future plans for shaping the state's economic engine room.
The Premier will provide insights on the government's key initiatives to grow jobs in the west and to create cities with a liveability focus through continued investment in transport, health, education and the cultural economy.
Ticky Fullerton from ABC's 'The Business' program will provide additional analysis of the region's challenges and opportunities and facilitate a panel discussion with four of Western Sydney's key business leaders including:
Danny Rezek, Managing Partner, Deloitte Western Sydney
Duncan Ellis, Commercial Business Director, TAFE NSW Western Sydney Institute
Ross Jones, Vice President, Eastern Region, Jacobs
Jake Burgess, Managing Director, Sydney Zoo
Event Details
Grand Pavilion (Level 2)
James Ruse Drive
Rosehill NSW 2142
Tesla Motors is barely a decade old and enjoys a worldwide reputation and financial success. It started from scratch with a bright idea, like most start-ups and small businesses, and much can be gleaned from the way Tesla has managed its ideas.
Pre-orders for the latest Tesla Motors "Model 3" have exceeded US$14 billion in future sales and are testimony to the transformational effect it is having on the automotive industry. Intellectual capital, in the form of intellectual property (IP) rights, has helped steer the company from engineers in a garage to success on the commercial highway.
Here are three examples of how Tesla Motors was able to use IP rights to fuel its growth (without ever having to enforce them!).
1. Start up phase: attracting investment
To date, Tesla owns approximately 900 patents worldwide. But during early stages, Tesla focused only on protecting a few key solutions to problems faced by electric vehicles at that time. One of their earliest patents filed was simply for a method and apparatus for mounting, cooling, connecting and protecting batteries (see US patent application 2007/0009787).
Owning IP rights, however, enabled Tesla to approach the likes of angel and venture capital investors to attract the necessary funding for developing the Roadster model with British car manufacturer Lotus, and growing the business.
In exchange for providing the money to build and market your products, investors want to know that your point of difference cannot be easily replicated, and that the business has legal assets to protect it, in the hope that these will grow in value with the success of the firm.
2. Gaining momentum: protection is leverage
The Tesla Roadster was launched in 2008 with a string of IP rights behind its proprietary technology. These related to numerous improvements to the electric vehicle, including the battery life being extended to a range of 394 km per charge and the ability to supercharge without detriment to battery lifespan. For the first time, electric cars were both more feasible and attractive to a commercial market.
A small business with a well-protected idea or brand is in a much stronger position to negotiate with a large corporate - even more so if their idea has proven commercial market interest. Most competitors and organisations are all too eager to avoid the threat of infringement, which carries real legal, financial and reputational risks, in favour of either doing a deal with the rights owner or staying out of the market completely.
3. Reinventing the wheel: brand enhancement
In 2012, Tesla Motors launched the Model S and subsequently entered a more mature era of production, with sales exceeding 50,000 vehicles on the road. This level of success spurred Tesla Motors to continue using its IP rights to further growth.
Telsa's CEO, Elon Musk, used the company's early success from its patent rights to increase the value of its goodwill and trade mark rights (brand). Yes, you heard right. Musk made an unprecedented announcement in 2014 that anyone could use Tesla's portfolio of patent rights.
He was thereby supporting the development of the technology to help grow the mainstream market size for electric vehicles, while cementing Tesla's reputation amongst buyers as an innovator in the field of electric vehicles.
The ultimate end-goal for many businesses is to build a powerful and valuable brand that can be used as a competitive edge to distinguish present and future products and services in the market.
By protecting your ideas – your intellectual property rights – you have powerful tools at disposal that can be utilised in different ways according to the needs of each business stage.
Author: Jack Shan, Patent Attorney at DCC
© 2016 Davies Collison Cave
Over the years, as much has been invested into Nickaz as a company as has been invested in giving back.
We have been involved in a lot of charities; Ride to Conquer Cancer, hosting The World's Greatest Shave, the PIF annually to raise money for homeless children, the City2Surf, the Steve Waugh Foundation Ride and more recently Kazan has been working closely with John Maclean and his foundation.
Then there's everything behind the scenes - Kazan and Nicole don't bat an eyelid to jump in and help out people in need directly - financially, with resources or connecting people to create a supportive network. I've never witnessed any consideration to receive acknowledgement or repayment.
It's rare to meet individuals so adamantly open to giving, over and over … how are people that genuine shaped? I asked Kazan what it meant to him;
'For many people that have been successful in business – do you know how many at some point in life have been told "How lucky" they are when someone gets a glimpse of their wealth?
The last time someone told me how lucky I was I thought to myself, isn't luck when you win the lotto or Keno or find fifty bucks on the ground???
I wish that person was around when I had nothing. Living in a shed with my wife and three young kids, holes in the floors and walls, and in the bitter cold of winters and the searing heat of endless summers…when people I employed often earned more than me. Getting out of bed in the morning at 4:30, working on the tools till 12pm, changing into nice clothes to visit clients in the afternoon, getting home to see the family and help put the kids to bed, then working on designs and quotes until midnight before starting all over again.
Day after day. Year after year.
Or the times I had to do all-nighters…being so tired that I fell asleep on the floor of an office building with a cordless drill in my hand and a screw half in the wall.
NO, for me there is no "luck", just hard work, perseverance, work ethic and many other things you need to get you to where you need to go.
One of the greatest things I have learned though - through my experiences and coming from a humble beginning having to work my way up - is a deep understanding of what people less fortunate than me now can go through.
As I get older and as I enjoy some of the success of years of hard work, it only deepens my sense and need to give back.
As a business owner and as I'm seen more and more as a leader in my field and the wider community, the idea strengthens that all of us who enjoy success for whatever reason should think about the people who need our help and try in some way, whether it be time or maybe financially but we should all try in some way to PAY BACK!!'
Kazan Hadden
0416 024 369
Board Member, The John Maclean Foundation jmf.com.au
Alison Meurant
Director of Sales and Operations
0450 608 804
Address: Suite 101, 22 Brookhollow Avenue, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153
Phone: 02 9659 3387
Email: email@example.com
Wesbite: www.nickaz.com.au (currently under construction)
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THE leaders of the NSW office of Davidson collectively have more than 70 years' experience in recruitment, technology and HR consulting.
Given their extensive experience in enhancing workplaces in Western Sydney, it seemed only fitting for the team to be a sponsoring supporting partner for WSBC's State of the Region address luncheon on September 8.
Davidson is one of Australia and New Zealand's leading recruitment and HR consulting companies with offices in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Auckland.
Their Sydney office focuses on recruitment in Projects & Operations, Executive, Technology and Project Technology and HR Consulting services.
The teams are led by Davidson's state general managers, including:
• Tracy McClenaghan is the new General Manager of Davidson's NSW Executive team. Over the past 11 years, Tracy has developed a strong reputation in executive recruitment across director, executive and board level and is proud to be on the NSW government panel.
• Amanda Sheard is the NSW General Manager for Davidson Consulting & HR Solutions and brings her combined expertise over 20 years in career coaching, leadership performance, organisational and learning development, consulting and leadership advisory to the role.
• With more than 17 years' experience in recruitment, Gareth Broadrick is the General Manager of Davidson's NSW Projects & Operations team. Gareth has worked extensively in property, construction, mining and engineering sectors across England, Australia and PNG.
• Roger Brant is the NSW General Manager for Davidson Technology and has worked in technology recruitment for more than 18 years. He has worked with many leading enterprise, technology companies along with numerous SMEs in finding their hard-to-find talent and leads the way in contractor care.
• Nathan Ierano is the Practice Leader (Project Services), which provides Cloud Services, Technology and Delivery Consulting, Project and Program Delivery and Professional Services for Monitor Consulting's clients across Australia.
Between them, each team has years of experience within their field and have worked with some of the world's leading brands to achieve more for, and with, their people to deliver real business outcomes.
We are dedicated to working with top talent in the market, as we understand that the right people can drive your productivity, build culture and enhance workplace performance.
Our micro-specialists possess in-depth knowledge in their fields to provide strategic business advice or career development expertise. With a strong and respected presence in their sectors and communities, our micro-specialists have particular experience working with key clients in Western Sydney and further.
Whether you need to find talent, develop or engage them, or set up the strategy, structures and processes to support them – we'll help you achieve sustainable results through your people.
For more information call (02) 8093 0600 or visit www.davidsonwp.com.
Parramatta will be the focus of the global film industry next February when Tropfest relocates to its new home in Parramatta Park.
The move coincides with the 25th anniversary of Australia's most prestigious short film festival, which is the largest event of its kind in the world. It will give the festival an opportunity to expand and make it more accessible for film lovers from across Sydney and beyond.
"Great cities have great festivals and this is a chance for the Parramatta community to be part of one of the world's best-loved film festivals. Council is proud to partner with the Western Sydney Parklands Trust and the organisers of Tropfest to bring this world-class event to Parramatta," City of Parramatta Administrator Amanda Chadwick said.
Moving Tropfest to Parramatta places the event at the heart of Global Sydney, and adds to the city's growing reputation as a thriving centre for arts and culture.
It is expected that more than 50,000 people will attend the event, providing major tourism benefits for Parramatta and injecting at least $2 million into the local economy.
"Parramatta is a true events destination and I'm sure Tropfest will find a happy home in our city. Bringing Tropfest to Parramatta Park will give the event room to grow and prosper and will enable a whole new audience to discover the future stars of Australian film," Ms Chadwick said.
Founder of Tropfest, John Polson said: "It's difficult to put into words how excited I am about our move to Parramatta. As soon as I laid eyes on beautiful Parramatta Park, I knew we'd found our new home.
"Seeing the support and enthusiasm from our new partners at Parramatta only confirmed that belief. For me, this is an amazing opportunity to bring our loyal Tropfest audience with us as we embark on a new journey with new film lovers - and filmmakers - at our beautiful new home," Mr Polson said.
The 25th annual Tropfest will be held in Parramatta Park on Saturday 11 February 2017. Entries for the festival open in September and the Tropfest Signature Item for 2017 will be 'Pineapple'.
To find out more visit www.tropfest.com.au
Research shows that more than 70% of employees in Australia are not engaged at work, which means they're not working to their full capacity. This is costing your business BIG TIME. The research is also clear that no-one affects an employee's engagement as much as their immediate manager or supervisor.
Management and leadership drive culture, which drives your organisation's performance. And your workplace culture shapes leadership too.
So, culture is the glue that holds an organisation together. It's your organisational DNA.
In the Great Managers® Program, we say culture is everything we think, everything we say, everything we do in our workplaces. It is the expression of who we are together. Language, behaviour and relationships at work are the biggest influencers of your culture.
Culture is the force that determines how people behave when no one is looking—it strengthens a workplace and can provide immense competitive advantage. Think Google or Apple - world renowned for their culture. People line up for job opportunities with them… and for their next product release.
The wrong culture, however, can be toxic and erode the confidence and effectiveness of people. Results can still be achieved but at a much higher cost and effort.
Improving your culture can deliver huge benefits to your business:
• Financial – the better the culture and employee engagement the better the bottom line results
• You're more likely to attract and retain talented staff
• Morale is higher – staff are more energetic & enthusiastic
• Responsiveness to change is better
• There is more co-operation and teamwork
• Productivity is higher
• Physical and emotional safety improves - there tends to be fewer workers compensation claims and less grievances
• Reduced staff turnover and absenteeism
There are 2 ways that culture forms: Accidentally or Deliberately. You can be sure that Google's culture did not form accidentally!
Culture happens – for better or for worse. Every organisation has a culture. Proactively choosing to create your culture in a deliberate and intentional way can build a high performing workplace – a great place to work!
At Great Managers® we have developed a 6 Step System for Deliberately Creating Your Culture and one of these crucial steps is to Bring Your Organisation's Values to Life. Values are your standards of what is acceptable and unacceptable. People connect to values. They have intrinsic value... only IF you bring them to life.
They come to life through discussions, interpretations, and your team being able to make the values meaningful and connect them to your context.
As a leader, the challenge is to "unfreeze" established behaviours in your team that aren't in alignment with your values and create the motivation to change so that employees can learn new productive behaviours. Then "refreeze" those behaviours over time through feedback and rewards. And most importantly, never tolerate behaviour outside your values!
I am coaching our members on this 6 Step Culture Building System in detail via a Great Managers® MasterClass. If you would like VIP access to one of these sessions, which are held monthly via webinar, please contact the team at email@example.com or reach out to us at September's State of the Region Address.
Sandra Wood
Founder & Managing Director
W: www.greatmanagers.com
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Blacktown City Council is a multi-award winning council, having received 13 national and state awards so far this year.
"Blacktown City Council has never won so many awards in such a short period of time," said the Mayor of Blacktown City, Councillor Mayor Bali.
"It shows how much of a change the council has made in the way it operates.
"We have a long tradition of winning awards, but this last six months has seen a virtual avalanche," he said.
"The one that I am probably the most proud of is the 2016 NSW/ACT Parks and Leisure Australia Award of Excellence that was won by Mount Druitt Swimming Centre.
"At one stage the plan was to close the Centre, yet within a couple of years it has become an award winning recreational centre for the entire community.
"Even in winter it is popular, with the family fish-in drawing once again booked to capacity," he said.
Blacktown City Council's award for the way it planned recreational spaces in the north west growth was another outstanding achievement, he said.
The Council also won awards for its 2015 Annual Report, Community Report and Community Calendar, the White Ribbon accreditation campaign, the restoration of Melrose House and the innovative way its stormwater planning led to better use of water that would otherwise run down drains, Mayor Bali said.
The complete list of awards:
The public open space at the corner of Erby Place and Phillip Street in the City's popular Eat Street precinct will be upgraded to provide a more relaxed urban refuge for workers and restaurant goers.
The shaded open space, known as Erby Place Pocket Park, adjoins the Eat Street car park and is a high traffic area for pedestrians and vehicles accessing the car park and nearby restaurants.
"The project will include the installation of high quality granite paving, new floral plantings, an integrated lighting and music system, landscaping, and improved seating and drainage. New power outlets will also be installed to allow workers to recharge their phones and laptops. The popular, established jacaranda trees will be retained as part of the upgrades," City of Parramatta Administrator Amanda Chadwick said.
"Erby Place Pocket Park will be a more open and inviting area. The upgrades will provide a much needed rejuvenation of the public space, enhancing the amenity of the area and ensuring its continued use as a popular thoroughfare and city centre refuge for workers and visitors.
"The changes will also enable better use of the space for events such as the Parramatta Lanes festival."
Work on the $600,000 Erby Place Park project started last week and is expected to be completed before Parramatta Lanes in October.
Novotel Sydney Parramatta is giving free wireless internet to every conference delegate for the rest of 2016! Simply book your meeting between now and 31st December 2016 and receive our discounted $65.00 day delegate package with complimentary wireless internet.
Novotel Sydney Parramatta has the right conference space for you with 11 newly refurbished event venues featuring state-of-the-art audio visual equipment and convenient undercover secure parking. You can plan your meeting with Novotel Sydney Parramatta's professional event planning and catering teams.
To book your event please contact our conference and events team on firstname.lastname@example.com
(L-R) Minister for Local Government, The Hon Paul Toole MP, Patrick Keough (YERG), Dave Ramas (CCC), Sebastian Houbert (CYN),
Michele Mullineaux (CCC), Campbelltown Mayor, Cr Paul Hawker
Campbelltown City's Youth Week program has taken out top honours at the 2016 Local Government Week Awards, receiving the Youth Week Award for the best local program.
Each year, the Minister responsible for youth affairs, in conjunction with the Department of Family and Community Services and Local Government NSW, present awards acknowledging the role played by local councils in helping young people to plan and coordinate Youth Week programs and activities.
Council's 2016 Youth Week program was awarded joint winner of the Best Local Youth Week Program category with Cessnock City Council, in recognition of the level of youth participation in the planning and attendance of Youth Week activities, the capacity provided by Youth Week activities for young people to showcase their skills and talents and raise issues of concern to them, and activities which highlight the positive contribution young people make to the community.
Mayor of Campbelltown, Cr Paul Hawker, said the award was reflective of Council's commitment to providing a range of activities and opportunities for local young people, both during Youth Week and throughout the year.
"Council's youth development programs, including our annual Youth Week initiatives, offer free or low cost options for local young people to enjoy safe, healthy activities in their local area."
"They also provide opportunities for local young people to develop leadership skills, be exposed to the music and events industries, and gain knowledge and skills in technical/operational support, event management and marketing roles," Cr Hawker said.
"I congratulate those involved in this year's Youth Week program on this significant acknowledgement of their efforts and commitment, and I encourage other local young people to get involved and share their ideas for future programs, events and initiatives in Campbelltown City by joining our Youth Entertainment Reference Group or the Campbelltown Youth Network," Cr Hawker added.
Volunteers involved in Council's Youth Entertainment Reference Group (YERG) and the Campbelltown Youth Network (CYN) actively assist in the development, facilitation and evaluation of local youth activities, youth forums and all ages music events throughout the year. For more information on how to be involved, contact Council's Youth Project Officer on 4645 4816 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
To keep up-to-date with local youth initiatives, follow facebook.com/ctownyouth or visit Council's website.
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Tune in to our radio show on your local public radio station, or sign up for the podcast and listen at your leisure. Here's what it's about:
Dr. Linda Birnbaum is director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program. She talks with us about why we can't dismiss low-dose exposure to environmental contaminants as insignificant. Scientists are beginning to understand the complexities of low doses.
BPA has been linked to a risk of obesity. How can we minimize our exposure to this widespread chemical?
We explore the stories behind the health headlines and welcome listeners' stories and questions about problems with medication side effects.
Guest: Linda Birnbaum, PhD, DABT, ATS, is Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (part of the National Institutes of Health) and the National Toxicology Program. Her editorial on low-dose exposure was published in Environmental Health Perspectives. The NIEHS website is http://www.niehs.nih.gov
Larry Weiss, MD, has a background in natural products chemistry as well as medicine. He is founder of CleanWell. The website is www.cleanwelltoday.com
The podcast of this program will be available the Monday after the broadcast date. The show can be streamed online from this site and podcasts can be downloaded for free for four weeks after the date of broadcast. After that time has passed, digital downloads are available for $2.99. CDs may be purchased at any time after broadcast for $9.99.


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Oklahoma Baptist claimed a 3-1 win over John Brown Friday to move into the finals of the Sooner Athletic Conference Volleyball Tournament. Top-seeded and 10th-ranked OBU plays third-seeded Wayland Baptist at 7 p.m. Saturday for the conference championship. OBU improved to 31-4 on the season, tying the school record for season wins, taking down the Golden Eagles 25-21, 23-25, 25-16, 25-19. Tarah Derden spearheaded the efforts offensively for OBU, recording 19 kills and three aces, while Kristin Pressley added 15 kills and Skyler Strahm contributed 14. Sabra Clark had 44 assists. Defensively, OBU got 19 digs from Gabby Samuels, 16 by Pressley, 14 from Kaitlyn Lucy, 13 by Clark and 12 by Carey Strong. OBU is playing for its second consecutive SAC Tournament title. Note: Report provided by Ray Fink, OBU sports information director.
Location, ST | website.com


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Jay Rock »
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Jay Rock – The Ways Ft. Sir (Video)
Though his debut album 90059 didn't hit a groundbreaking record as far as sales go, Jay Rock continues to push the project liberating us with a brand new video to his Sir-assisted cut, "TheRead More »
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On a recent episode on Homegrown Radio, on LA's REAL 92.3, Jay Rock stopped by to drop some #REALBars. Aside from spitting bars off the top, the Black Hippy was also interviewed. Watch bothRead More »
Jay Rock Gets Punked By Kendrick Lamar On The Liftoff!
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Last night, in New York City, the West Coast was in the building – or should I say, ALIFE's backyard – as Jay Rock held a private "90059" listening party for the people. WithRead More »
Jay Rock – Easy Bake Ft. Kendrick Lamar & SZA
With his highly anticipated "90059" project nearing a release, TDE's Jay Rock, drops the full version of "Easy Bake." The Kendrick Lamar and SZA assisted single was originally debuted on Shade45. Now you canRead More »


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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
|Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
|Scientific classification
|Y. pseudotuberculosis
|Binomial name
|Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
(Pfeiffer 1889)
Smith & Thal 1965
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Far East scarlet-like fever in humans, who occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route.[1] Animals are also infected by Y. pseudotuberculosis. The bacterium is urease positive.
|Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia scanned with electron micrograph
|Classification and external resources
|Infectious disease
In animals, Y. pseudotuberculosis can cause tuberculosis-like symptoms, including localized tissue necrosis and granulomas in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.
In humans, symptoms of Far East scarlet-like fever are similar to those of infection with Yersinia enterocolitica (fever and right-sided abdominal pain), except that the diarrheal component is often absent, which sometimes makes the resulting condition difficult to diagnose. Y. pseudotuberculosis infections can mimic appendicitis, especially in children and younger adults, and, in rare cases, the disease may cause skin complaints (erythema nodosum), joint stiffness and pain (reactive arthritis), or spread of bacteria to the blood (bacteremia).
Far East scarlet-like fever usually becomes apparent five to 10 days after exposure and typically lasts one to three weeks without treatment. In complex cases or those involving immunocompromised patients, antibiotics may be necessary for resolution; ampicillin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or a cephalosporin may all be effective.
The recently described syndrome "Izumi-fever" has been linked to infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis.[2]
The symptoms of fever and abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis (actually from mesenteric lymphadenitis) [3][4][5] associated with Y. pseudotuberculosis infection are not typical of the diarrhea and vomiting from classical food poisoning incidents. Although Y. pseudotuberculosis is usually only able to colonize hosts by peripheral routes and cause serious disease in immunocompromised individuals, if this bacterium gains access to the blood stream, it has an LD50 comparable to Y. pestis at only 10 CFU.[6]
Relationship to Y. pestis[edit]
Genetically, the pathogen causing plague, Y. pestis, is very similar to Y. pseudotuberculosis. The plague appears to have evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis about 1500 to 20,000 years ago.[7] A 2015 paper in Cell argued for an older divergence.[8]
Virulence factors[edit]
To facilitate attachment, invasion, and colonization of its host, this bacterium possesses many virulence factors. Superantigens, bacterial adhesions, and the actions of Yops (which are bacterial proteins once thought to be "Yersinia outer membrane proteins") that are encoded on the "[plasmid] for Yersinia virulence" – commonly known as the pYV – cause host pathogenesis and allow the bacteria to live parasitically.
The 70-kb pYV is critical to Yersinia's pathogenicity, since it contains many genes known to encode virulence factors and its loss gives avirulence of all Yersinia species.[6] A 26-kb "core region" in the pYV contains the ysc genes, which regulate the expression and secretion of Yops.[5] Many Ysc proteins also amalgamate to form a type-III secretory apparatus, which secretes many Yops into the host cell cytoplasm with the assistance of the "translocation apparatus", constructed of YopB and YopD.[9][10] The core region also includes yopN, yopB, yopD, tyeA, lcrG, and lcrV, which also regulate Yops gene expression and help to translocate secretory Yops to the target cell.[5] For example, YopN and TyeA are positioned as a plug on the apparatus so only their conformational change, induced by their interaction with certain host cell membrane proteins, will cause the unblocking of the secretory pathway.[5][11] Secretion is regulated in this fashion so that proteins are not expelled into the extracellular matrix and elicit an immune response. Since this pathway gives secretion selectivity, it is a virulence factor.
Effector Yops[edit]
In contrast to the ysc and yop genes listed above, the Yops that act directly on host cells to cause cytopathologic effects – "effector Yops" – are encoded by pYV genes external to this core region.[5] The sole exception is LcrV, which is also known as the "versatile Yop" for its two roles as an effector Yop and as a regulatory Yop.[5] The combined function of these effector Yops permits the bacteria to resist internalization by immune and intestinal cells and to evade the bactericidal actions of neutrophils and macrophages. Inside the bacterium, these Yops are bound by pYV-encoded Sycs (specific Yop chaperones), which prevent premature interaction with other proteins and guide the Yops to a type-III secretory apparatus.[10] In addition to the Syc-Yop complex, Yops are also tagged for type III secretion either by the first 60nt in their corresponding mRNA transcript or by their corresponding first 20 N-terminal amino acids.[4] LcrV, YopQ, YopE, YopT, YopH, YpkA, YopJ, YopM, and YadA are all secreted by the type-III secretory pathway.[4][5][11] LcrV inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and cytokine production, allowing Y. pseudotuberculosis to form large colonies without inducing systemic failure[11] and, with YopQ, contributes to the translocation process by bringing YopB and YopD to the eukaryotic cell membrane for pore-formation.[4][12] By causing actin filament depolymerisation, YopE, YopT, and YpkA resist endocytosis by intestinal cells and phagocytosis while giving cytotoxic changes in the host cell. YopT targets Rho GTPase, commonly named "RhoA", and uncouples it from the membrane, leaving it in an inactive RhoA-GDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor)-bound state[13] whereas YopE and YpkA convert Rho proteins to their inactive GDP-bound states by expressing GTPase activity.[11] YpkA also catalyses serine autophosporylation, so it may have regulatory functions in Yersinia[14] or undermine host cell immune response signal cascades since YpkA is targeted to the cytoplasmic side of the host cell membrane.[15] YopH acts on host focal adhesion sites by dephosphorylating several phosphotyrosine residues on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the focal adhesion proteins paxillin and p130.[16] Since FAK phosphorylation is involved in uptake of yersiniae[17] as well as T cell and B cell responses to antigen-binding,[11] YopH elicits antiphagocytic and other anti-immune effects. YopJ, which shares an operon with YpkA, "...interferes with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activities of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase",[18] leading to macrophage apoptosis.[4] In addition, YopJ inhibits TNF-α release from many cell types, possibly through an inhibitory action on NF-κB, suppressing inflammation and the immune response.[19] By secretion through a type III pathway and localization in the nucleus by a vesicle-associated, microtubule-dependent method, YopM may alter host cell growth by binding to RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase), which regulates cell cycle regulation genes.[11] Interestingly, YadA has lost its adhesion,[20] opsonisation-resisting, phagocytosis-resisting, and respiratory burst-resisting functions[21][22] in Y. pseudotuberculosis due to a frameshift mutation by a single base-pair deletion in yadA in comparison to yadA in Y. enterocolitica, yet it still is secreted by type III secretion.[23] The yop genes, yadA, ylpA, and the virC operon are considered the "Yop regulon" since they are coregulated by pYV-encoded VirF. virF is in turn thermoregulated. At 37 degrees Celsius, chromosomally encoded Ymo, which regulates DNA supercoiling around the virF gene, changes conformation, allowing for VirF expression, which then up-regulates the Yop regulon.[24]
Y. pseudotuberculosis adheres strongly to intestinal cells via chromosomally encoded proteins[4] so that Yop secretion may occur, to avoid being removed by peristalsis, and to invade target host cells. A transmembrane protein, Invasin, facilitates these functions by binding to host cell αβ1 integrins.[25] Through this binding, the integrins cluster, thereby activating FAK, and causing a corresponding reorganization of the cytoskeleton.[4][25] Subsequent internalization of bound bacteria occurs when the actin-depolymerising Yops are not being expressed.[11] The protein encoded on the "attachment invasion locus" named Ail also bestows attachment and invasive abilities upon Yersiniae[26] while interfering with the binding of complement on the bacterial surface.[27] To increase binding specificity, the fibrillar pH6 antigen targets bacteria to target intestinal cells only when thermoinduced.[28]
Certain strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis express a superantigenic exotoxin, YPM, or the Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen, from the chromosomal ypm gene.[29] YPM specifically binds and causes the proliferation of T lymphocytes expressing the Vβ3, Vβ7, Vβ8, Vβ9, Vβ13.1, and Vβ13.2 variable regions [30] with CD4+ T cell preference, although activation of some CD8+ T cells occurs.[3] This T cell expansion can cause splenomegaly coupled with IL-2 and IL-4 overproduction.[31] Since administering anti-TNF-α and anti-IFN-γ monoclonal antibodies neutralizes YPM toxicity in vivo,[29] these cytokines are largely responsible for the damage caused indirectly by the exotoxin. Strains that carry the exotoxin gene are rare in Western countries, where the disease, when at all apparent, manifests itself largely with minor symptoms, whereas more than 95% of strains from Far Eastern countries contain ypm[32] and are correlated with Izumi fever and Kawasaki disease.[33] Although the superantigen poses the greatest threat to host health, all virulence factors contribute to Y. pseudotuberculosis viability in vivo and define the bacterium's pathogenic characteristics. Y. pseudotuberculosis can live extracellularly due to its formidable mechanisms of phagocytosis and opsonisation resistance through the expression of Yops and the type III pathway;[10] yet, by limited pYV action, it can populate host cells, especially macrophages, intracellularly to further evade immune responses and be disseminated throughout the body.[34]
crystal structure of yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (ypm)
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogens (YpM) are superantigens, which are able to excessively activate T cells by binding to the T cell receptor. Since YpM can activate large numbers of the T cell population, this leads the release of inflammatory cytokines.
Members of this family of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mitogens adopt a sandwich structure consisting of 9 strands in two beta sheets, in a jelly-roll topology. YpM molecular weight is about 14 kDa. Structurally, it is unlike any other superantigen, but is remarkably similar to the tumour necrosis factor and viral capsid proteins. This suggests a possible evolutionary relationship.[35]
Some highly homologous variants of YPM have been characterized, including YPMa, YPMb, and YPMc.
- ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Jani, Asim (2003). "Pseudotuberculosis (Yersina)". Retrieved 2006-03-04.
- ^ a b Carnoy, C.; Lemaitre, N.; Simonet, M. (2005). "The superantigenic toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis". In Ladant, Daniel; Alouf, Joseph E.; Popoff, Michel R. The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins. Academic Press. pp. 862–871. ISBN 978-0-08-045698-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g Robins-Browne, R.; Hartland, E. (2003). "Yersinia species". In Miliotis, Marianne D.; Bier, Jeffrey W. International Handbook of Foodborne Pathogens. CRC Press. pp. 323–355. ISBN 978-0-203-91206-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lindler, L. (2004). "Virulence plasmids of Yersinia: characteristics and comparison". In Funnell, B.E.; Phillips, G.J. Plasmid biology. ASM Press. pp. 423–437. ISBN 1555812651.
- ^ a b Brubaker RR (1983). "The Vwa+ virulence factor of yersiniae: the molecular basis of the attendant nutritional requirement for Ca++". Rev. Infect. Dis. 5 (Suppl 4): S748–58. doi:10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_4.s748. PMID 6195719.
- ^ Achtman, M.; Zurth, K.; Morelli, G.; Torrea, G.; Guiyoule, A.; Carniel, E. (23 November 1999). "Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 14043–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043. PMC 24187. PMID 10570195.
- ^ http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(15)01322-7
- ^ Iriarte M, Cornelis GR (1999). "Identification of SycN, YscX, and YscY, three new elements of the Yersinia yop virulon". J. Bacteriol. 181 (2): 675–80. PMC 93427. PMID 9882687.
- ^ a b c Cornelis GR, Boland A, Boyd AP, Geuijen C, Iriarte M, Neyt C, Sory MP, Stainier I (1998). "The virulence plasmid of Yersinia, an antihost genome". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62 (4): 1315–52. PMC 98948. PMID 9841674.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lee VT, Tam C, Schneewind O (2000). "LcrV, a substrate for Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion, is required for toxin targeting into the cytosol of HeLa cells". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36869–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002467200. PMID 10930402.
- ^ Zumbihl R, Aepfelbacher M, Andor A, Jacobi CA, Ruckdeschel K, Rouot B, Heesemann J (1999). "The cytotoxin YopT of Yersinia enterocolitica induces modification and cellular redistribution of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (41): 29289–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.41.29289. PMID 10506187.
- ^ Persson C, Carballeira N, Wolf-Watz H, Fällman M (1997). "The PTPase YopH inhibits uptake of Yersinia, tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas and FAK, and the associated accumulation of these proteins in peripheral focal adhesions". EMBO J. 16 (9): 2307–18. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.9.2307. PMC 1169832. PMID 9171345.
- ^ Håkansson S, Galyov EE, Rosqvist R, Wolf-Watz H (1996). "The Yersinia YpkA Ser/Thr kinase is translocated and subsequently targeted to the inner surface of the HeLa cell plasma membrane". Mol. Microbiol. 20 (3): 593–603. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.5251051.x. PMID 8736538.
- ^ Ruckdeschel K, Machold J, Roggenkamp A, Schubert S, Pierre J, Zumbihl R, Liautard JP, Heesemann J, Rouot B (1997). "Yersinia enterocolitica promotes deactivation of macrophage mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Correlation with its inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (25): 15920–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.25.15920. PMID 9188492.
- ^ Alrutz MA, Isberg RR (1998). "Involvement of focal adhesion kinase in invasin-mediated uptake". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (23): 13658–63. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13658. PMC 24875. PMID 9811856.
- ^ Galyov EE, Håkansson S, Forsberg A, Wolf-Watz H (1993). "A secreted protein kinase of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an indispensable virulence determinant". Nature. 361 (6414): 730–2. doi:10.1038/361730a0. PMID 8441468.
- ^ Boland A, Cornelis GR (1998). "Role of YopP in suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha release by macrophages during Yersinia infection". Infect. Immun. 66 (5): 1878–84. PMC 108138. PMID 9573064.
- ^ Skurnik M, el Tahir Y, Saarinen M, Jalkanen S, Toivanen P (1994). "YadA mediates specific binding of enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica to human intestinal submucosa". Infect. Immun. 62 (4): 1252–61. PMC 186266. PMID 8132332.
- ^ China B, Sory MP, N'Guyen BT, De Bruyere M, Cornelis GR (1993). "Role of the YadA protein in prevention of opsonization of Yersinia enterocolitica by C3b molecules". Infect. Immun. 61 (8): 3129–36. PMC 280979. PMID 8335343.
- ^ China B, N'Guyen BT, de Bruyere M, Cornelis GR (1994). "Role of YadA in resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes". Infect. Immun. 62 (4): 1275–81. PMC 186269. PMID 8132334.
- ^ Han YW, Miller VL (1997). "Reevaluation of the virulence phenotype of the inv yadA double mutants of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis". Infect. Immun. 65 (1): 327–30. PMC 174597. PMID 8975933.
- ^ Cornelis GR, Sluiters C, Delor I, Geib D, Kaniga K, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Sory MP, Vanooteghem JC, Michiels T (1991). "ymoA, a Yersinia enterocolitica chromosomal gene modulating the expression of virulence functions". Mol. Microbiol. 5 (5): 1023–34. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01875.x. PMID 1956283.
- ^ Isberg RR, Van Nhieu GT (1994). "Two mammalian cell internalization strategies used by pathogenic bacteria". Annu. Rev. Genet. 28: 395–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.28.120194.002143. PMID 7893133.
- ^ a b Miller, V. (1992). "Yersinia invasion genes and their products". ASM News. 58: 26–33.
- ^ Bliska JB, Falkow S (1992). "Bacterial resistance to complement killing mediated by the Ail protein of Yersinia enterocolitica". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (8): 3561–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3561. PMC 48908. PMID 1565652.
- ^ Lindler LE, Tall BD (1993). "Yersinia pestis pH 6 antigen forms fimbriae and is induced by intracellular association with macrophages". Mol. Microbiol. 8 (2): 311–24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01575.x. PMID 8100346.
- ^ Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Fujimaki W, Yan XJ, Yagi J, Imanishi K, Kato H, Tomonari K, Uchiyama T (1997). "Identification of murine T cells reactive with the bacterial superantigen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM) and factors involved in YPM-induced toxicity in mice". Microbiol. Immunol. 41 (4): 345–52. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01211.x. PMID 9159409.
- ^ a b Uchiyama T, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Kato H, Fujimaki W, Imanishi K, Yan XJ (1993). "Superantigenic properties of a novel mitogenic substance produced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from patients manifesting acute and systemic symptoms". J. Immunol. 151 (8): 4407–13. PMID 8409410.
- ^ Carnoy C, Loiez C, Faveeuw C, Grangette C, Desreumaux P, Simonet M (2003). "Impact of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM) on the murine immune system". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 529: 133–5. doi:10.1007/0-306-48416-1_26. PMID 12756744.
- ^ Yoshino K, Ramamurthy T, Nair GB, Fukushima H, Ohtomo Y, Takeda N, Kaneko S, Takeda T (1995). "Geographical heterogeneity between Far East and Europe in prevalence of ypm gene encoding the novel superantigen among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains". J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 (12): 3356–8. PMC 228710. PMID 8586739.
- ^ Fukushima H, Matsuda Y, Seki R, Tsubokura M, Takeda N, Shubin FN, Paik IK, Zheng XB (2001). "Geographical heterogeneity between Far Eastern and Western countries in prevalence of the virulence plasmid, the superantigen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen, and the high-pathogenicity island among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains". J. Clin. Microbiol. 39 (10): 3541–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.10.3541-3547.2001. PMC 88386. PMID 11574570.
- ^ Nikolova S, Najdenski H, Wesselinova D, Vesselinova A, Kazatchca D, Neikov P (1997). "Immunological and electronmicroscopic studies in pigs infected with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3". Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 286 (4): 503–10. doi:10.1016/s0934-8840(97)80053-9. PMID 9440199.
- ^ Smith MG (1992). "Destruction of bacteria on fresh meat by hot water". Epidemiol. Infect. 109 (3): 491–6. doi:10.1017/s0950268800050482. PMC 2271933. PMID 1468533.
- ^ Donadini R, Liew CW, Kwan AH, Mackay JP, Fields BA (January 2004). "Crystal and solution structures of a superantigen from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reveal a jelly-roll fold". Structure. 12 (1): 145–56. doi:10.1016/j.str.2003.12.002. PMID 14725774.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR015227
External links[edit]
|Wikispecies has information related to: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genome
- "Yersinia pseudotuberculosis". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 632.


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text: Hamilton County Commission Hamilton County Launches Heroin Coalition Plan By Bill Rinehart • Sep 28, 2015 Bill Rinehart / WVXU Hamilton County's Heroin Task Force has released a strategic plan to address the drug epidemic in the region. Commission President Greg Hartmann says coalition members will work on several fronts including interdiction, treatment, and prevention. New GABP Seats Are A Hit With Other Stadiums By Bill Rinehart • Aug 24, 2015 Provided / Hamilton County Commission The replacement of seats at Great American Ball Park earlier this year came in under budget. That's in part because the project made a little money. New Parcel Fee Could Help Cover 911 Costs In Hamilton County By Bill Rinehart • Jul 29, 2015 Tana Weingartner / WVXU Hamilton County Commissioners are deciding how to pay for emergency communications as current revenue sources shrink. Before they vote, they want to hear public input on a possible solution. Sewer District's Lick Run Project To Be Redesigned By Tana Weingartner • Jul 15, 2015 Ann Thompson / WVXU Hamilton County Commissioners approved funding Wednesday for the Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) to work on design alternatives for part of the Lick Run project. But they aren't happy about it. Howard Wilkinson's Monday Chat: County Commission Races; And A Todd Frazier Win By Howard Wilkinson • Jul 6, 2015 WVXU politics reporter Howard Wilkinson talked with news director Maryanne Zeleznik Monday morning about next year's battle for two Hamilton County commission seats; and the Cincinnati Reds' Todd Frazier's come-from-behind win the the All-Star Game vote. Coroner to Commission: Where do you put a firing range in the middle of an office building? By Tana Weingartner • Feb 25, 2015 Tana Weingartner / WVXU Hamilton County Commissioners officially voted Wednesday to 'close the book' on the idea of using the former Mercy Mt. Airy hospital for a new crime lab. Coroner Lakshmi Sammarco says she's not satisfied. "We're very disappointed that the appropriate people weren't brought together to make just the retrofit happen for the crime lab and the morgue in such a way that the current hospital spaces could have been used without costing the tax payers a whole lot of money," Sammarco says. We talk about the current state and future of the Hamilton County Crime Lab By Mark Heyne • Feb 25, 2015 Listen Listening... / 23:39 What's next for former Mt. Airy hospital site? By Tana Weingartner • Feb 24, 2015 Hamilton County / Provided After more than a year of waiting for an answer, the group which owns the former Mercy Mt. Airy hospital site is looking for new options. Mercy Health offered to give Hamilton County the former hospital building. The idea was to renovate part of the facility into a crime lab, replacing the county's current cramped outdated one. But this week, commissioners agreed to decline the offer. Spokeswoman Nanette Bentley says Mercy Health is already weighing other options. Mt. Airy site out as crime lab option but space questions persist By Tana Weingartner • Feb 24, 2015 Hamilton County / Provided Hamilton County Commissioners are set to turn down an offer to take over the former Mercy Mt. Airy hospital. They'd been considering it to house a new crime lab and possibly other county offices. While the coroner's office has been in the news a lot lately for being cramped and outdated, it's not the only department with space needs. The county is reviewing its entire building stock. Even though the former Mercy Mt. Airy site would have been free, renovations would have cost $80 - $100 million. Hamilton County Commissioners say that's just too high. Mt. Airy hospital won't house new crime lab By Tana Weingartner • Feb 23, 2015 Sarah Ramsey / WVXU Hamilton County Commissioners are poised to reject an offer to take over the former Mercy Mt. Airy site. "With budgetary constraints," says commission president Greg Hartmann, "I just don't think that our move to Mt. Airy is going to be fiscally prudent. I don't think that we can afford to invest $80-100 million, absent a new revenue source, in that facility. Today, I think that we should move on from Mt. Airy." Commissioners Hartmann and Monzel say even though the building would be free, the renovation costs are too high. Pages« first ‹ previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … next › last »


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- Report: #224424
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Primerica
PrimericaWww.primerica.com Cedar Falls, Iowa U.S.A.
Primerica tried to recruit me under the guise of getting rich quick Cedar Falls Iowa
*UPDATE: Primerica gets a POSITIVE rating from Rip-off Report in customer support & satisfaction. Primerica pledges to resolve complaints from the past, present and in the future, and give 100% commitment to customer service-say Company Executives!
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Stay away from Primerica. My wife has a coworker whose boyfriend was being trained for this company. My wife was asked if she would help him out in his training. When she asked me, I told her that would be fine as long as they understood we would not be buying anything, and were only interested in helping this guy in his training. We were told that was fine. We set up for a meeting at our house. The coworker's boyfriend showed up with a "trainer" for our meeting. I assumed they were selling insurance, but all the trainer wanted to talk about was if we wanted an Escalade and how big of a house did we fantasize about. He also asked several leading questions that he tried to spin back to show how much like us he was. When we told him that we were both teachers he proceeded to tell us that his sister was a teacher who worked with RETARDS. He also mentioned smoking pot during our interview. It was so ludicrous that I couldn't believe what I was hearing. He also would argue with me about my existing loans. I took out a second loan to avoid paying PMI (which he didn't seem to know what it was), and he kept insisting that I got a second mortgage, and I probably just got ripped off. In the hour we were there we never were told the specifics of what was being sold. The best part was toward the end when he started to try to recruit me to sell. He kept asking me if I didn't see how this could change my life. I declined, but I said that I would be willing to hear what they could do for me. I told him we could meet after the weekend. All he left me with was a sheet to fill out with more contacts for him. He didn't leave any contact info or any information reguarding what he was selling. After sleeping on it, I decided i didn't want to play around with him anymore so I had my wife talk to her coworker to cancel and give the trainer my cell phone number in case he needed to talk to me. He proceeded to call me and let me know that we weren't the kind of people who Primerica wanted to work with (I'm assuming educated, debt free except for our mortgage, and well spoken is intimidating to them). He then went on to chastise me for wasting his time. I listened intently to it all this then asked whose time actually had been wasted. Long story short, stay away from these jokers. When the biggest thing they are selling is "Join us and you can get rich quick", run away as fast as you can! Michael ankeny, Iowa
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/08/2006 05:07 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Primerica/Cedar-Falls-Iowa/Primerica-tried-to-recruit-me-under-the-guise-of-getting-rich-quick-Cedar-Falls-IowaUPDAT-224424. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Personal Finance Corner: Tax benefits on property
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FTIL plunges 10% after EOW attaches property
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Repaying banks will be difficult if ED attaches properties, says Vijay Mallya
Vijay Mallya, former chairman of United Spirits, said the move by Enforcement Directorate (ED) to provisionally attach his movable and immovable properties and that of United Breweries Holdings Ltd (UBHL) will make it difficult to raise money to repay the banks.
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If you bought property but have not deposited TDS, you may get a tax notice
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Properties of Jignesh Shah attached
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Indian property markets slip in 2014 ranking
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EOW attached 173 properties of NSEL borrowers
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text:
Definition of slow-moving in English:
Slow in movement or action: the slow-moving hands of a clock the early part of the movie is slow-moving, with very little action
More example sentences
- At more than nine minutes in length, the track is an ambient impasse, a slow-moving mass of nothing much.
- The sculpture balances over a large, shallow, black granite reflecting pool of slow-moving water.
- Even those ordered deported by the slow-moving immigration appeals system often simply disappear.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: slow-mov·ing
Definition of slow-moving in:
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Lee Monroe Gross III
Position: C
6-3, 237lb (190cm, 107kg)
Born: July 29, 1953 in Montgomery, AL
College: Auburn (College Stats)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 10 (6992nd overall since 1960)
High School: Robert E. Lee (AL)
Draft: New Orleans Saints in the 2nd round (32nd overall) of the 1975 NFL Draft.
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Gov. Rick Snyder says he'll put out his budget plan on Feb. 17.
It was the first time he announced the date.
He told the Business Leaders for Michigan leadership summit Monday that his ideas for revamping the state's spending plan will be evident when the proposal is released.
Interest has been mounting over how the new Republican governor will deal with a $1.8 billion shortfall in the spending plan that starts Oct. 1. Snyder says he also wants to cut business taxes and shift to a new corporate income tax, which would drop revenues by $1.5 billion.
Snyder said Monday he wants to base the budget on the outcomes the state wants to achieve.
He says "it's not about spending money" but about making a difference in people's lives.


text:
Definition of bowling in English:
1The game of tenpin bowling as a sport or recreation.
Example sentences
- The exhausted candidate decided to unwind with a midnight game of ten-pin bowling and asked Klein to join him.
- Adare Active Retirement Association will hold ten pin bowling at the Bowling Centre, Ennis Road this Thursday.
- They will first visit the National Aquatic Centre in Abbotstown, followed by ten pin bowling in Blanchardstown.
1.1The game of candlepin or duckpin bowling.
1.2The game of lawn bowling.
Example sentences
- Another popular traditional Irish sport is road bowling (played mostly in County Cork).
- This classy joint is located in a sport, bowling and leisure club at Bukit Gading Mediterania, parts of which are still under construction.
- Putting paid to the myth that bowling is a sport for older people, Girl Guides from Ripon tried out the flat green at the Spa Gardens.
1.3The game of skittles.
Example sentences
- Bickershaw batted first but, as has been the case all summer, Wythenshawe's superb bowling saw them skittled out for just 84.
- It would have involved bowling frozen turkeys down the ice at skittles.
- This float looks like a miniature skittle seen in a bowling lane.
2 Cricket The delivery of the ball.
Example sentences
- The Laws of Cricket and the ICC playing regulations both prohibit the bowling of underarm deliveries.
- Stroking the ball well when it was full, Youhana milked the bowling for runs.
- Azhar made a brave move asking Mohanty to open the bowling along with Srinath and it paid off handsomely.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: bowl·ing
Definition of bowling in:
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