text:
Using Link to Post 1.0.2 and when I publish the links are not showing up as I have styled them in Atahualpa 3.3.3. Links created with the default link creator in a post or page ARE correctly styled.
Link to Post picks up the underlining when hovering, but not the color that links are supposed to have in their default state -- in my case, regular text is black and links are red. When hovering over a link, it adds a red underline. With the links I've created in Link to Post, the link text is black in its default state, but the red underline is there if you hover.
Obviously, this is a big problem because if a reader doesn't have some visual clue that a bit of text is actually a link, they're not going to click it.
My website is The Boat Galley, but I don't know that you're going to see it in action because the problem is that you can't see it.


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KANSAS CITY, Mo.(WYMT) -- The University of the Cumberlands men's basketball team capped off a win in the first round of the NAIA Division I tournament, 82-58, over Rocky Mountain (Mont.) Wednesday morning.
"We were a little nervous," UC head coach Donnie Butcher said. "We were not very settled at all. We were just trying to do way too much. Once you make a few shots, you relax a little bit. But more importantly, we kept defending the whole time. We were horrible offensively but we kept guarding, kept guarding and when you make a few shots, the game comes a little easier for you -- and that's kind of what happened."
Cumberlands shot 48 percent from the field.
"It's just the adrenaline at the beginning of the game. Once that settled in, we were just ready to go," UC freshman guard Taylor Gover said. "All the guys started clicking, started finding each other -- assist after assist -- the game just felt good. It just got easy for us."
The Patriots (20-11) will play Emmanuel (Ga.) Friday morning at 9 a.m.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cold-blooded loneliness: Social exclusion leads to lower skin temperatures
Being ostracized or excluded, even briefly and by strangers, is painful and threatens fundamental needs. Recent work by Zhong and Leonardelli (2008) found that excluded individuals perceive the room as cooler and that they desire warmer drinks. A perspective that many rely on in embodiment is the theoretical idea that people use metaphorical associations to understand social exclusion (see Landau, Meier, & Keefer, 2010). We suggest that people feel colder because they are colder. The results strongly support the idea that more complex metaphorical understandings of social relations are scaffolded onto literal changes in bodily temperature: Being excluded in an online ball tossing game leads to lower finger temperatures (Study 1), while the negative affect typically experienced after such social exclusion is alleviated after holding a cup of warm tea (Study 2). The authors discuss further implications for the interaction between body and social relations specifically, and for basic and cognitive systems in general.
Cold-blooded loneliness: Social exclusion leads to lower skin temperatures
Hans IJzerman
, Marcello Gallucci
, Wim T.J.L. Pouw
, Sophia C. Weiβgerber
Niels J. Van Doesum
, Kipling D. Williams
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
VU University, The Netherlands
University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
Purdue University, United States
abstractarticle info
Article history:
Received 24 November 2011
Received in revised form 30 April 2012
Accepted 2 May 2012
Available online 18 June 2012
PsycINFO codes:
Grounded cognition
Physical warmth
Conceptual metaphors
Being ostracized or excluded, even brieflyandbystrangers,ispainfulandthreatens fundamental needs. Recent
work by Zhong and Leonardelli (2008) found that excluded individuals perceive the room as cooler and that they
desire warme r drin ks. A perspective that many rely on in embodiment is the theoretical idea that people use meta-
phorical associations to understand social exclusi on (seeLandau,Meier,&Keefer,2010).Wesuggestthatpeoplefeel
colder because they are colder. The results strongly support the idea that more complex metaphorical understand-
ings of socia l relations are scaffolded onto literal changes in bodi ly temperature : Being excluded in an online ball
tossing game leads to lower finger temperatures (Study 1), while the negative affect typically experienced after
such social exclusion is alleviated after holding a cup of warmtea(Study2).Theauthorsdiscussfurtherimplications
for the intera ction betwee n body and social relation s specifically, and for basic and cognitive systems in general.
© 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In the realm of social relations, people often use metaphors such
as "she is cold and aloof" or "she is a warm person." Temperature
metaphors conveniently establish and explain what is meant, and
often show a remarkable similarity in imagery across languages. In
particular, people's "social temperature" is central to the perception
of relationships. These ideas are reminiscent of Asch's (1946) early
work, which proposed psychological warmth as being the central di-
mension in which people judge one another (see also Fiske, Cuddy, &
Glicke, 2007). But what may be the underlying cause for the strong
metaphorical connections between warmth and social relations? In
later work, Asch (1958) advanced the theory that the metaphor of
warmth may be related to the real, physical experience of warmth.
Metaphors based on physical warmth describing one's social
relations have thus been suggested to combine elements of very
concrete experiences and more abstract conceptions of how people
think of others, learned early in life. In the present report, we will go
beyond such metaphorical perspectives of warmth by suggesting that
temperature changes constitute the "fabric" of social relations, hinging
on specific, basic, and possibly biologically evolved simulators. We
hypothesized and found that people literally decrease in skin tempera-
ture after social exclusion. In addition, we found that "fooling" the fin-
gers, by briefly stimulating them with a cup of warm tea, eliminates
the negative feelings typically experienced after social exclusion.
2. Metaphorical perspectives on warmth and social relations
The recent metaphor perspective in psychology, proposed by cog-
nitive linguists Lakoff and Johnson (1999) and antedated by Asch
(1958), suggested that people experience concrete source domains
(e.g., physical warmth) jointly with abstract target concepts (e.g., af-
fection), and as a result "conflate" the mapping of physical warmth
and affection (see also Johnson, 1997). Recent social psychological in-
vestigations seem to support this learning process: The experience of
subtle manipulations of physical warmth (as compared to coldness)
leads to the perception of another as more sociable (central to the
person characteristic of "warm") and to greater prosocial behavior
of the participant (Williams & Bargh, 2008).
In addition, subtle manipulations of physical warmth (as compared
to coldness) lead to cognitions that form the basis for communal rela-
tions: people in physically warmer conditions use more verbs (indica-
tive of social closeness; Semin & Fiedler, 1988), are more focused on
relationships in their environment, and construe themselves as having
greater psychological overlap with the experimenter (IJzerman &
Semin, 2009). In other words, due to learning that physical warmth
Acta Psychologica 140 (2012) 283–288
⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Social Psychology, School of Social & Be-
havioral Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (H. IJzerman).
0001-6918/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Acta Psychologica
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/actpsy
and affection go hand-in-hand, people seem to develop mental repre-
sentations that include both abstract conceptions of affectionate feel-
ings and the sensorimotor experience of physical warmth, such that
when they are in a warm environment, they will interact as if they are
psychologically closer to others.
Yet, Lakoff and Johnson (1999) proposed unidirectionality to be cen-
tral to such conceptual metaphors. Indeed, experiencing affection al-
most always includes physical warmth (but not vice versa),
integrating the sensorimotor experience of physical warmth into the
mental representation of affection, but characteristics of the mental rep-
resentations of affection do not become an integral part of the mental
representation of warmth (cf. Landau, Keefer, & Meier, 2011). Such a
perspective was confirmed in a different domain by Casasanto and
Boroditsky (2008), who showed the connection between time and
space. Indeed, they find that people's experience of space affects their
perception of time, but not vice versa.
However, in the domain of physical warmth and affection, the effect
seems to be bi-directional: When people are socially excluded or primed
(either physically or psychologically) with distance they perceive ambi-
ent temperature as lower (for our theoretical background, see also
IJzerman & Koole, 2011; also IJzerman & Semin, 2010; Zhong &
Leonardelli, 2008). Previous work has suggested that conceptual meta-
phors may be learned linguistically (Boroditsky, 2000), or experientially
(Casasanto, 2008), allowing for possibilities to map such effects bi-
directionally through the integration of sensorimotor experiences into
the abstract concept domain. In addition, recent reviews support the
idea that many conceptual metaphors may be dynamic and flexible
(Santiago, Román, & Ouellet, 2011). However, do experiences related
to social relations rest on conceptual metaphors, or, if not, what may
then account for earlier findings linking physical warmth and affection?
3. Evolved primitives for social relations
We propose that central to answering this question is the function-
ality of physical warmth in social relations and that the body may con-
strain people's learning processes for social relations. One may trace
back our approach to Bowlby (1969), who suggested that 1) people be-
come equipped with basic perceptual inputs to comprehend their social
environment, and that 2) close relationships serve security-provision
and distress-alleviation regulatory functions. In addition, Harlow's
(1958) classical work suggested that close, physical comfort may be a
biologically evolved need. He showed that close comfort is necessary
for healthy psychological functioning, as young rhesus monkeys dis-
played a greater preference for terry-clothed surrogate mothers as com-
pared to a wire mother, while those raised with a wire mother had
greater physiological and psychological problems. Harlow's (1958)
findings resonate with and predated the Relational Models Theory,
which summarized people's basic forms of interactions into four ele-
mentary ways (Fiske, 1991).
The most basic of these interaction types are communal sharing rela-
tionships, which are relationships prototypically implemented among
close kin. Examples of communal sharing relationships are relationships
between mother–infant, close romantic partners, and tight knit military
units. In order to be able to identify how to interact with whom in what
way, Thomsen and Carey (in press) suggested that people may rely on
evolved primitives for elementary social relations (see also IJzerman &
Cohen, 2011; Williams & Bargh, 2008). Some support for this idea
seems to be derived from developmental work: Priming 18-month old
children with touch in the background of a picture (versus no touch)
significantly increases helping behavior from those infants later (Over
& Carpenter, 2009
The proposition that some kind of structure is present on which young
children map their knowledge of social relations, is further buttressed by
findings that securely attached children become more generous in phys-
ically warm conditions (versus cold), whereas insecurely attached chil-
dren lack this effect (q.v. IJzerman, Karremans, Thomsen, & Schubert,
in press; IJzerman & Koole, 2011). In order to learn such relational struc-
tures, some kind of basic system needs to be in place in order to learn
which kind of relation needs to learn in which way. In other words, a
basic type of model seems to be present among infants to engage in a
basic (finite) set of relations. Even though the child consistently encoun-
ters a bigger parent, it does not map relative size to understand its
trusting relation with the security-providing caregiver. Thomsen and
Carey (in press) therefore suggest that "humans have evolved an innate,
finite set of conceptual primitives that specify relational models for com-
munal sharing […] coupled with innate input-analyzers that automati-
cally identify some instances […] in the social world".
4. Warmth as the 'fabric' of social relations
Indeed, research has supported that people often rely on perceptual
symbols to represent and retrieve information. Theories on perceptual
symbol systems argue that people's neural architecture for imagery
and perception is the same architecture for conceptual knowledge
(Barsalou, 1999). In order to identify whom to rely on early in life, we
suggest that people come equipped with "evolved simulators," onto
which later knowledge on sociocognitive metaphors (such as "holding
warm feelings" towards someone) are scaffolded (Mandler, 1992;
Williams, Huang, & Bargh, 2009).
But what kind of simulators may be relevant for social relations?
Fransson, Karlsson, and Nilsson (2005) found provocative evidence
that when a baby was held by the mother, the mean difference between
core and skin temperature was much lower than when the baby was in
its cot. Relatedly, loneliness leads to relatively high levels of total pe-
ripheral resistance, whereas people who are more socially connected
have relatively high cardiac output and better levels of autonomic activ-
ity (Uchino, Cacioppo, & Kiecolt-Glaser, 1996; for an overview see
Cacioppo et al., 2002). A sense of disconnection may lead to vasocon-
striction, a state in which the blood vessels are narrowed, maintaining
body heat in the core, but not the periphery (like one's finger tempera-
ture). Such responses are probably built onto more basic human re-
sponses, work on which suggests that in times of threat (such as
stress, fear or pain), skin temperature drops (Mittelmann & Wolff,
1939). Empirical evidence since has supported this view (e.g., see
Boudewyns, 1976; for an overview see Rimm-Kaufman & Kagan, 1996).
Together, these findings suggest that skin temperature plays a
vital role in interpersonal relations. In other words, when people are
excluded from social interactions, they may literally get colder fin-
gers. Adding to the idea of mental schemas, we suggest that concepts
related to social relations rely on evolved simulators that may sense
physical warmth. Concretely, when people engage in social interac-
tions they should experience bodily temperature re-adjustments. In
order to test this proposition, we used a well-validated interaction
paradigm from social psychology, which has been used in over 70
studies (e.g., see Williams, Cheung, & Choi, 2000; Williams, 2007;
Van Beest & Williams, 2006).
Note that we hereby identify a simula-
tor, and presuppose the possibility of an innate biologically evolved
structure rather than empirically proving this proposition.
5. Research overview
In two studies, we aim to support the hypothesis that people ex-
perience literal temperature changes to process close and affiliative
relations. In our first study, we expected that if participants were so-
cially excluded, skin temperatures would drop. Conversely, in our
second study, we expected that if we artificially stimulated the pe-
riphery of people's hands with physical warmth, people should per-
ceive as if they were again socially connected, causing negative
affect typically experienced after social exclusion to be alleviated.
A list of these studies is available at http://www1.psych.purdue.edu/~willia55/
284 H. IJzerman et al. / Acta Psychologica 140 (2012) 283–288
6. Study 1: social exclusion is cold
6.1. Method
6.1.1. Participants
Forty-one VU University students (60.9% female; M
=2.09) were alternatingly assigned to the inclusion (n
or the exclusion condition (n
=21). One participant was excluded
for technical failure during temperature measurement.
6.1.2. Procedure and design
In our first experiment, we ran individual sessions as part of an
experiment supposedly on concentration. After entering the lab, partic-
ipants first read and answered questions of a neutral text on the history
of cognitive psychology and behaviorism (unrelated to the purpose of
the present experiment), which served as our baseline measure. All par-
ticipants had a fixed, pre-determined amount of time for the baseline
measure. Participants then played a commonly-used ball-tossing para-
digm, called "Cyberball" (Williams & Jarvis, 2006; Williams et al.,
2000). In Cyberball, the participant and two other ostensible human
players toss around a ball in a computer-generated game. Participants
played as a third player and received the ball every two throws (Inclu-
sion Condition) or did not receive the ball from the "co-players" (Exclu-
sion Condition) after the first two throws. Earlier studies have found that
social separation from others even in a virtual ball-tossing game has se-
vere detrimental affective consequences (Eisenberg, Lieberman, &
Williams, 2003). Finger temperature of participants' index fingers of
the non-dominant hand was measured continuously through a device
commonly used for industrial coolers, for a total of 24 times (with inter-
vals of on average 15.6 s, measured with 0.03125°C accuracy; see also
Fig. 1).
6.2. Results
To control for individual variances in finger temperature, we
obtained baseline temperatures during the reading of the text, with
computed averages over 4.7 measurements (lasting for approximately
7 s each). Baseline temperatures were subtracted from each value
obtained after the start of the experimental manipulation to obtain tem-
perature variation scores. The resulting variables were analyzed with a
growth-model obtained as a general mixed-model with time of mea-
surement as a continuous independent variable with random effects
and experimental manipulation (exclusion vs. inclusion) as dichoto-
mous independent variables. Participants' average temperature and
time effect were modeled as random. The degrees of freedom were
computed based on a Kenward–Roger method (Kenward & Roger,
1997). The trend of temperature over time was estimated with a linear
and a quadratic component (Aiken & West, 1991). The quadratic com-
ponent was not statistically significant (F(1, 37.7)=1.89, p =0.176)
and thus removed from the model. The interaction between time com-
ponents and experimental condition was computed to estimate the ef-
fect of the manipulation on the trend of temperature over time.
The analyses showed that participants' temperature changed
throughout the experiment, depending on whether they were included
or excluded from their group, F(1, 38)=6.07, p =0.018. Excluded par-
ticipants showed a decrease in finger temperature during the experi-
ment (B=− 0.011, t(38)=− 2.51, p=0.016), whereas included
participants showed no detectable change in fi
nger temperature
(B=0.005, t(37.9)=1.01, p=0.316; see also Fig. 2). Temperature dif-
ferences between values after the experimental manipulation and the
baseline measurement were compared between the included and ex-
cluded condition. The difference increased over time: When the manip-
ulation was introduced, the difference between included and excluded
participants was 0.099°C, F(1, 38)=0.54, p= 0.468; half-way during
the experiment the difference was 0.405°C, F(1, 38)=4.78, p=0.034,
with the excluded group showing a temperature colder than baseline
=− 0.163) and the included group warmer than baseline
=0.242); at the end of the experiment the difference was
0.711°C, F(1, 38)=6.25, p=0.016, with the inclusion group showing
a slight, but non-significant, increase (as compared to baseline)
=0.333), and the exclusion group a decrease of 0.378°C (M
Fig. 1. Participant playing Cyberball, with measurement device connected to non-
dominant hand.
Fig. 2. Predicted change in temperature over time, for each participant (dots) and for
the two groups (lines). Green dots indicate participants in the exclusion condition,
black dots participants in the inclusion condition. The green line indicates average
predicted values in the excluded condition, black line indicates averages for included
285H. IJzerman et al. / Acta Psychologica 140 (2012) 283–288
− 0.378). Participants thus literally had colder skin temperatures after
they were excluded from a group playing a ball-tossing game.
7. Study 2: how warmth rekindles the 'soul'
Based on the results obtained in our first experiment, we hypothe-
sized that people's skin temperature 'simulations' are important for
people in determining – consciously or not – their affective state. If
this is correct, then artificially inducing warm fingers might alleviate
people's negative affective states resulting from social exclusion. Physi-
cal warmth may fool the conceptual system by creating a state as-if the
relation was present (see Damasio, 1999; IJzerman & Semin, 2009;
Williams & Bargh, 2008), paralleling a sensation of interpersonal
touch. In line with Bowlby's (1969) ideas that 1) people become
equipped with basic perceptual inputs to comprehend their social envi-
ronment, and that 2) close relationships serve security-provision and
distress-alleviation regulatory functions, we hypothesized that physical
warmth repairs the relationship of those who are excluded. Our hy-
pothesis is supported by recent findings that people use physical
warmth nonconsciously as a self-regulatory mechanism to buffer
against loneliness (Bargh & Shalev, 2012).
In order to measure whether the conceptual system could indeed be
fooled, we requested participants to report their affective states as a
proxy instead of reporting directly about their experience of the induced
relationship. In earlier research, IJzerman and Semin (2010) found that
priming participants through language with their reported relationship
state induces commensurable results to their real experience.We thus
chose not to ask participants directly about their social experience, but
instead about affective states, which have been reported to serve as a re-
liable proxy to measure feelings of exclusion (cf. Eisenberg et al., 2003;
for a recent meta-analysis, see Gerber & Wheeler, 2009). In our second
study, we therefore expected that if participants would be induced
with a subtle prime of physical warmth, their negative affect would dis-
appear after social exclusion. We did not expect this effect to occur for
the cold condition.
7.1. Method
7.1.1. Participants
Eighty-six VU University students (41.9% female; M
=2.33) took part in a computer-based study, again with a
game of Cyberball.
7.1.2. Procedure and design
In the second study we again excluded or included participants with
the same ball-tossing paradigm. After exactly 3 min of playing, the
game was interrupted by an ostensible (but preprogrammed) error
screen, forcing participants to request help from our confederate. Our
confederate entered the cubicle holding a glass mug containing either
warm or cold tea and asked participants to temporarily (30 s) hold
the glass, while fixing the 'error'. Our main dependent variable focused
on the intensity of the average of four negative affective states which
were used in earlier Cyberball research (Williams et al., 2000; Zadro,
Williams, & Richardson, 2004); all answered on a 5-point scale (bad,
sad, tense, stressed, Cronbach's α =0.80; e.g., "I felt bad"; from 1 =
not at all to 5 = very much). Participants were randomly assigned to
one of four experimental conditions.
7.2. Results
Participants' reported negative affect served as dependent vari-
able in a 2 (Cyberball: exclusion vs. inclusion)× 2 (temperature:
warm vs. cold) between-participants ANOVA.
The analyses showed that participants' reported negative affect
depended on the combination of the inclusion manipulation and the
temperature condition (η
=0.071, F(3, 82)=6.27, p=0.014). Exclud-
ed participants in the cold condition reported a greater level of negative
affect as compared to the other three conditions (F(1, 82)=35.68,
pb 0.001, and to the warm tea condition, F(1, 82)=11.22, p=0.001.
The exclusion-warm condition did not differ significantly from the
two inclusion-conditions (F b 1; see also Fig. 3). Participants' negative
feelings in the warm-exclusion condition were thus alleviated, con-
firming the idea that a warm cup can fool the conceptual system by
reducing the negative effects of social exclusion.
8. General discussion
In our two experiments we found that people who were socially
excluded showed a drop in finger temperature. Furthermore, warming
the fingers through holding a warm cup of tea after a period of social ex-
clusion alleviated negative affect typically experienced after social
suffering. Our experiments are in line with the idea that perceptions
of (physical) warmth play a central role in social cognition (Asch,
1946; IJzerman & Semin, 2009; Semin & Garrido, 2012; Semin &
Smith, 2008; Williams & Bargh, 2008). Recent theoretical analyses
have suggested that physical warmth is an inherent part of people's
conceptual system, serving to understand social relations (Landau,
Meier, & Keefer, 2010). In the present research we go beyond these
analyses by suggesting an additional interpretation. Physical warmth
serves to repair the negative feelings of exclusion, and we suggest that
people may use the perceptual system to interpret their social environ-
ment. We thus think that social exclusion leads to a decrease in skin
temperature as an evolved simulator (Barsalou, 2008; IJzerman &
Koole, 2011).
There are a number of issues that need to be addressed. First, one
may be concerned about the relation to earlier research, where specific
emotions have been shown to map onto finger temperature. Ekman,
Levenson, and Friesen (1983) for example found that people's finger
temperature increases as a function of the expression of anger. A similar
idea is reflected in research on the connection between abstract
concepts and concrete experiences: People estimate temperature as
To test the robustness of our results against possible outliers, we used a jackknife
methodology: We estimated the model after dropping one participant from the sample,
repeating the estimation for each participant. Results showed that the crucial interaction
(time×condition) remained significant in all jackknife samples, with p-values ranging
from 0.008 to 0.035. Thus, no particular participant was responsible for the effect we de-
scribed in the entire sample. We also analyzed our data by excluding smokers from our
sample, as they often experience greater difficulties in temperature regulation (Cleophas,
Fennis, & van't Laar, 1982). Our effects however remained virtually identical by excluding
smokers, F(1, 28)= 3.68, p=0.001.
Eleven participants were excluded from our analyses as they immediately put the
glass of tea on the table, after receiving it from our confederate.
Fig. 3. Reported negative affect as a function of Cyberball condition and temperature
condition. Error bars represent the standard error.
286 H. IJzerman et al. / Acta Psychologica 140 (2012) 283–288
higher when primed with anger (Wilkowski, Robinson, Meier, Carter, &
Feltman, 2009).
However, specific embodied states are not simple determinants of
specific cognitions and/or behaviors like anger. When priming partici-
pants with psychological closeness (distance), they similarly estimate
room temperatures to be higher (lower; IJzerman & Semin, 2010). Com-
parable perceptual states may thus be associated with different affec-
tive or cognitive states, but may perhaps rely on slightly different
multi-modal experiences (Barsalou, 2008). Importantly, the context of
the situation and the complex internal representation of the person
matters (cf. IJzerman & Cohen, 2011). As such, it may be unclear how
specific bodily states can be linked to specific types of emotions. In par-
ticular, sometimes the labeling of an emotion may even lead to different
functionalities, leading us to wonder whether social and non-social
anger relate in terms of their physiological profiles (cf. Wilson-
Mendenhall, Barrett, Simmons, & Barsalou, 2011).
Another important question is the meaning of physical warmth in
relation to relationships. In the present work, we measured finger tem-
perature to assess responses to exclusion and negative affect as a proxy
of the state of participants' relationships. It was important to assess this
indirectly, as we expected that to simply request participants to report
about their broken relationship would induce an as-if state about the re-
lationship, which research has suggested to a re-experience of the ear-
lier physical "temperature simulation" (IJzerman & Semin, 2010; see
also Barsalou, 2008; Boroditsky & Prinz, 2008; Damasio, 1999). Because
we did not directly assess participants' phenomenological experience of
the relationship, one may suggest that exclusion and physical warmth
"simply" evoke hedonically charged cues.
We find this alternative account highly unlikely, for a number of rea-
sons. First, across different reports, physical warmth does not make par-
ticipants feel more positive (IJzerman & Semin, 2009; Williams & Bargh,
2008), which strongly points to the idea that physical warmth "repairs"
the broken relationship, and only acquires hedonically charged mean-
ing within a specific context (as also evidenced by the lack of decrease
in negative affect in our inclusion condition). It thus seems that some
kind of conceptual processing is necessary to trigger positive or nega-
tive affective states (see also Kavanagh, Andrade, & May, 2005;
Veltkamp, Aarts, & Custers, 2008). This is further supported by findings
showing affiliative and achievement needs to modulate affect in a
Stroop paradigm (Kazén & Kuhl, 2005). Bargh and Shalev's (2012) find-
ings that people nonconsciously self-regulate their feelings of loneliness
or disconnectedness through physical warmth further attest to our pro-
posal. Finally, one may be reminded that our conception that sensing
physical warmth has become part of an innate system converges with
Harlow's (1958) classical findings, which suggest that close, physical
comfort is an evolved need.
In addition, the means of the exclusion and inclusion conditions
were nearly identical in terms of magnitude (M
=0.333 vs. M
− 0.378), which seems to suggest a temperature increase in our inclu-
sion condition. However, this change in our inclusion condition was
non-significant. We think that this may be due to two potential causes.
First, participants in the lab are not likely to be close and communal
with relative strangers (whereas they might respond communally auto-
matically to other close partners; see Häfner & IJzerman, 2011). In addi-
tion, previous research finds that cues of psychological distance are
more salient than cues of psychological closeness (IJzerman & Semin,
2010), while feelings of inclusion in a ball-tossing game may not neces-
sarily constitute an uplifting communal experience (Wesselmann, Bagg,
& Williams, 2009). We think that having participants interact either
with close others or over-including them in the Cyberball game has
the potential to show the proposed symmetry in temperature changes.
We do hasten to add that we do not mean that social exclusion
does not cause a stress response. In fact, we believe that (very
basic) stress responses are recycled for other (more complex) pur-
poses. By recruiting such basic physiological processes, people early
in life will be able to build reliable social relations, by knowing
whom to rely on, and in what way. Indeed, people's more advanced
cognitive system "re-uses" or is likely to be scaffolded onto more
ancient neural systems (Anderson, 2010; Williams et al., 2009), in
which stress responses form part of cognizing about social relations
(Ganzel, Morris, & Wethington, 2010).
9. How social relations (may) 'work': future directions
In terms of the representations of relationships, the link between
physical warmth and affection has often been depicted as primarily con-
stituted of top-down knowledge structures, conceptually linking image
schemas of warmth and affection (Landau et al., 2010). We propose that
such higher order representations are scaffolded onto actual biologically
evolved simulators to mark, sustain, and sanction social relations (Fiske,
1991, 1992, 2004; Piaget & Inhelder, 1969; Williams et al., 2009). This ad-
ditional process is important also for broader issues concerning relation-
ships, as it may lead to different research strategies in for example
treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), antisocial personality dis-
orders, or client–patient relationships (see also Neumann et al., 2011).
We do t hink that highe r or der r epresentatio ns of relationship
constitute a very important par t of the way that people interact
with one another . In particul ar, repeated social situations may be-
come "entrenched," in that the situated conceptualization comes
to differ fr om the originally evolved simulator (Barsalou, 1999,
2008; Schubert & Koole, 2009), as in the case of intern al wor kin g
models o f r elationshi ps (e.g., Johnson, Dweck, & Chen, 2007). Inter-
nal work ing models of a ttachment modulate the way that young
children respond to manipulations of physical warmth already
early in life. In fact, IJ zer man et al. (in p res s) found that young chil-
dren who associate cl ose r elationshi ps with safety and security
(securely attached children) do bec ome more genero us in phy si-
cally warm conditions, whereas those that lack this association
also lack this effect (IJzerman & Koole, 2011). In addition, differ-
ences in communali ty in a given relatio nship determine the level
to which part ners su pport e ach ot her aut omat icall y (Häfner &
IJzerman, 2011).
10. Final remarks
One of the universal aspects of human (social) psychology is to
build and maintain relationships. Classic attachment theories assume
that common building blocks of attachment are necessary in the first
stages of life ( Bowlby, 1969). For such elementary building blocks,
evolved simulators may be indispensable. Our research suggests
that physical warmth and social thinking are not just a function of
the cultural (non)conscious structuring of experience. Rather than
associations between colder temperatures and episodes of loneliness,
we propose that evolved simulators are implemented across different
generations, closely linking physical warmth and affection in the
physical body (Caporael, 1997; Kaschak & Maner, 2009; see also
Harlow, 1958). Maternal touch seems to greatly impact the difference
between core and skin temperature, preventing hypothermia, a major
cause of death among neonates. In other words, the re-experience or
perception of physical warmth might act as mechanism promoting
initial survival in a social environment (cf. Kasahara, Takayanagi,
Kawada, Itoi, & Nishimori, 2007), which forms the basis for other
mechanisms that are reliant on higher-order mental representations.
To close, we would like to note that the body's archit ecture is like-
ly to have developed in order to be able to adapt and bond quickly,
without conscious effort. We sugges t that the understand ing of ab-
stract c oncepts like affection th rough concrete experiences such as
physical warmth is often derived from specific affordances with
which people have become equipped. People mark social relations
through actual change s in bodily temperatures, possibly offering
evolutionary advantages in early life stages.
287H. IJzerman et al. / Acta Psychologica 140 (2012) 283–288
We are much indebted to Cor Stoof and the VU Helpdesk for their
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A Pilot Study Examining Physical and Social Warmth: Higher (Non-Febrile) Oral Temperature Is Associated with Greater Feelings of Social Connection
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: An emerging literature suggests that experiences of physical warmth contribute to social warmth—the experience of feeling connected to others. Thus, thermoregulatory systems, which help maintain our relatively warm internal body temperatures, may also support feelings of social connection. However, the association between internal body temperature and feelings of connection has not been examined. Furthermore, the origins of the link between physical and social warmth, via learning during early experiences with a caregiver or via innate, co-evolved mechanisms, remain unclear. The current study examined the relationship between oral temperature and feelings of social connection as well as whether early caregiver experiences moderated this relationship. Extending the existing literature, higher oral temperature readings were associated with greater feelings of social connection. Moreover, early caregiver experiences did not moderate this association, suggesting that the physical-social warmth overlap may not be altered by early social experience. Results provide additional support for the link between experiences of physical warmth and social warmth and add to existing theories that highlight social connection as a basic need on its own.
- "The current results also add to an accumulating set of findings that assess measures of actual temperature and social warmth. Skin temperature, a peripheral measure of warmth [21] , perceptions of room temperature, an external measure of warmth [15], and now oral temperature, an internal measure of warmth, have now been associated with social processes. Although the complex relationship between peripheral and central measures of temperature is beyond the scope of the current findings, future work may benefit from directly investigating core temperature (e.g. via rectal methods, the most accurate method to assess core temperature [43]) and peripheral measures during social experiences to better understand the association between core and peripheral measures. "
Do Cold Images Cause Cold-Heartedness? The Impact of Visual Stimuli on the Effectiveness of Negative Emotional Charity Appeals
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Previous research shows that negative emotional charity appeals tend to be more effective than other emotional charity appeals because they evoke sympathy. However, feelings of loneliness reduce individuals' ability to sympathize with others. Based on grounded cognition research, we propose that exposure to images of cold objects will lead to feelings of physical coldness, which in turn will increase perceptions of loneliness, such that negative emotional charity appeals that are viewed following exposure to cold (versus neutral or warm) images will be less effective at eliciting donations. Findings from four studies provide support for this hypothesis and delineate the link between the presence of certain commonplace visual images in the media and their influence on the effectiveness of embedded negative charity appeals, and identify a new context effect that attenuates the effectiveness of charity appeals.
- "Likewise, IJzerman and Semin (2010) showed that physical and semantic inductions of social distance led to perceptions of lower room temperature. In addi- tion, IJzerman et al. (2012) found that people who were excluded during an online game had a drop in skin temperature , while those who were included did not. Further, this relationship between physical coldness and loneliness appears to be bidirectional: Bargh and Shalev (2012) found that people reported feeling more lonely after holding a cold object in their hand for a short duration, compared to those who either held a warm object or did not hold any object. "
On the Association Between Loneliness and Physical Warmth-Seeking Through Bathing: Reply to Donnellan et al. (2014) and Three Further Replications of Bargh and Shalev (2012) Study 1
- "After holding a warm object, participants increased their trusting behavior in an economics game (Kang, Williams, Clark, Gray, & Bargh, 2011, Study 2), reported feeling closer to other people (IJzerman & Semin, 2009 ), and young children primed with physical warmth were more generous (prosocial) to other children (IJzerman et al., 2012) and felt more connected to those they knew (Inagaki & Eisenberger, 2013). Research has also demonstrated the complementary finding that social coldness in the form of rejection and exclusion produces feelings of physical coldness (e.g., reduced estimates of room's temperature; see review in Bargh & Shalev, 2012) and causes an actual decrease in body temperature (IJzerman et al., 2012); thus, the seeking of physical warmth to restore body temperature homeostasis after experiences of social coldness seems a quite reasonable strategy. Other researchers in addition to us have found that people seek out physical warmth after experiences of social coldness as from rejection and exclusion (Zhong & Leonardelli, 2008). "
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Memory-centric data management
Analysis of technologies that manage data entirely or primarily in random-access memory (RAM). Related subjects include:
- Oracle TimesTen
- solidDB
- QlikTech
- SAP's BI Accelerator
- Exasol
- Solid-state memory as a replacement for disk
IT-centric notes on the future of health care
It's difficult to project the rate of IT change in health care, because:
- Health care is suffused with technology — IT, medical device and biotech alike — and hence has the potential for rapid change. However, it is also the case that …
- … health care is heavily bureaucratic, political and regulated.
Timing aside, it is clear that health care change will be drastic. The IT part of that starts with vastly comprehensive electronic health records, which will be accessible (in part or whole as the case may be) by patients, care givers, care payers and researchers alike. I expect elements of such records to include:
- The human-generated part of what's in ordinary paper health records today, but across a patient's entire lifetime. This of course includes notes created by doctors and other care-givers.
- Large amounts of machine-generated data, including:
- The results of clinical tests. Continued innovation can be expected in testing, for reasons that include:
- Most tests exploit electronic technology. Progress in electronics is intense.
- Biomedical research is itself intense.
- In particular, most research technologies (for example gene sequencing) can be made cheap enough over time to be affordable clinically.
- The output of consumer health-monitoring devices — e.g. Fitbit and its successors. The buzzword here is "quantified self", but what it boils down to is that every moment of our lives will be measured and recorded.
- The results of clinical tests. Continued innovation can be expected in testing, for reasons that include:
These vastly greater amounts of data cited above will allow for greatly changed analytics.
Read more
A new logical data layer?
I'm skeptical of data federation. I'm skeptical of all-things-to-all-people claims about logical data layers, and in particular of Gartner's years-premature "Logical Data Warehouse" buzzphrase. Still, a reasonable number of my clients are stealthily trying to do some kind of data layer middleware, as are other vendors more openly, and I don't think they're all crazy.
Here are some thoughts as to why, and also as to challenges that need to be overcome.
There are many things a logical data layer might be trying to facilitate — writing, querying, batch data integration, real-time data integration and more. That said:
- When you're writing data, you want it to be banged into a sufficiently-durable-to-acknowledge condition fast. If acknowledgements are slow, performance nightmares can ensue. So writing is the last place you want an extra layer, perhaps unless you're content with the durability provided by an in-memory data grid.
- Queries are important. Also, they formally are present in other tasks, such as data transformation and movement. That's why data manipulation packages (originally Pig, now Hive and fuller SQL) are so central to Hadoop.
Cask and CDAP
For starters:
- Continuuity toured in 2012 and touted its "app server for Hadoop" technology.
- Continuuity recently changed its name to Cask and went open source.
- Cask's product is now called CDAP (Cask Data Application Platform). It's still basically an app server for Hadoop and other "big data" — ouch do I hate that phrase — data stores.
- Cask and Cloudera partnered.
- I got a more technical Cask briefing this week.
- App servers are a notoriously amorphous technology. The focus of how they're used can change greatly every couple of years.
- Partly for that reason, I was unimpressed by Continuuity's original hype-filled positioning.
So far as I can tell:
- Cask's current focus is to orchestrate job flows, with lots of data mappings.
- This is supposed to provide lots of developer benefits, for fairly obvious reasons. Those are pitched in terms of an integration story, more in a "free you from the mess of a many-part stack" sense than strictly in terms of data integration.
- CDAP already has a GUI to monitor what's going on. A GUI to specify workflows is coming very soon.
- CDAP doesn't consume a lot of cycles itself, and hence isn't a real risk for unpleasant overhead, if "overhead" is narrowly defined. Rather, performance drags could come from …
- … sub-optimal choices in data mapping, database design or workflow composition.
Quick update on Tachyon
I'm on record as believing that:
- Hadoop needs a memory-centric storage grid.
- Tachyon is a strong candidate to fill the role.
That said:
- It's an open secret that there will be a Tachyon company. However, …
- … no details have been publicized. Indeed, the open secret itself is still officially secret.
- Tachyon technology, which just hit 0.6 a couple of days ago, still lacks many features I regard as essential.
- As a practical matter, most Tachyon interest to date has been associated with Spark. This makes perfect sense given Tachyon's origin and initial technical focus.
- Tachyon was in 50 or more sites last year. Most of these sites were probably just experimenting with it. However …
- … there are production Tachyon clusters with >100 nodes.
As a reminder of Tachyon basics: Read more
|Categories: Clustering, Databricks, Spark and BDAS, Hadoop, Memory-centric data management
|3 Comments
Data models
7-10 years ago, I repeatedly argued the viewpoints:
- Relational DBMS were the right choice in most cases.
- Multiple kinds of relational DBMS were needed, optimized for different kinds of use case.
- There were a variety of specialized use cases in which non-relational data models were best.
Since then, however:
- Hadoop has flourished.
- NoSQL has flourished.
- Graph DBMS have matured somewhat.
- Much of the action has shifted to machine-generated data, of which there are many kinds.
So it's probably best to revisit all that in a somewhat organized way.
MongoDB 3.0
Old joke:
- Question: Why do policemen work in pairs?
- Answer: One to read and one to write.
A lot has happened in MongoDB technology over the past year. For starters:
- The big news in MongoDB 3.0* is the WiredTiger storage engine. The top-level claims for that are that one should "typically" expect (individual cases can of course vary greatly):
- 7-10X improvement in write performance.
- No change in read performance (which however was boosted in MongoDB 2.6).
- ~70% reduction in data size due to compression (disk only).
- ~50% reduction in index size due to compression (disk and memory both).
- MongoDB has been adding administration modules.
- A remote/cloud version came out with, if I understand correctly, MongoDB 2.6.
- An on-premise version came out with 3.0.
- They have similar features, but are expected to grow apart from each other over time. They have different names.
*Newly-released MongoDB 3.0 is what was previously going to be MongoDB 2.8. My clients at MongoDB finally decided to give a "bigger" release a new first-digit version number.
To forestall confusion, let me quickly add: Read more
|Categories: Database compression, Hadoop, Humor, In-memory DBMS, MongoDB, NoSQL, Open source, Structured documents, Sybase
|9 Comments
Where the innovation is
I hoped to write a reasonable overview of current- to medium-term future IT innovation. Yeah, right. But if we abandon any hope that this post could be comprehensive, I can at least say:
1. Back in 2011, I ranted against the term Big Data, but expressed more fondness for the V words — Volume, Velocity, Variety and Variability. That said, when it comes to data management and movement, solutions to the V problems have generally been sketched out.
- Volume has been solved. There are Hadoop installations with 100s of petabytes of data, analytic RDBMS with 10s of petabytes, general-purpose Exadata sites with petabytes, and 10s/100s of petabytes of analytic Accumulo at the NSA. Further examples abound.
- Velocity is being solved. My recent post on Hadoop-based streaming suggests how. In other use cases, velocity is addressed via memory-centric RDBMS.
- Variety and Variability have been solved. MongoDB, Cassandra and perhaps others are strong NoSQL choices. Schema-on-need is in earlier days, but may help too.
2. Even so, there's much room for innovation around data movement and management. I'd start with:
- Product maturity is a huge issue for all the above, and will remain one for years.
- Hadoop and Spark show that application execution engines:
- Have a lot of innovation ahead of them.
- Are tightly entwined with data management, and with data movement as well.
- Hadoop is due for another refactoring, focused on both in-memory and persistent storage.
- There are many issues in storage that can affect data technologies as well, including but not limited to:
- Solid-state (flash or post-flash) vs. spinning disk.
- Networked vs. direct-attached.
- Virtualized vs. identifiable-physical.
- Object/file/block.
- Graph analytics and data management are still confused.
3. As I suggested last year, data transformation is an important area for innovation. Read more
Notes on machine-generated data, year-end 2014
Most IT innovation these days is focused on machine-generated data (sometimes just called "machine data"), rather than human-generated. So as I find myself in the mood for another survey post, I can't think of any better idea for a unifying theme.
1. There are many kinds of machine-generated data. Important categories include:
- Web, network and other IT logs.
- Game and mobile app event data.
- CDRs (telecom Call Detail Records).
- "Phone-home" data from large numbers of identical electronic products (for example set-top boxes).
- Sensor network output (for example from a pipeline or other utility network).
- Vehicle telemetry.
- Health care data, in hospitals.
- Digital health data from consumer devices.
- Images from public-safety camera networks.
- Stock tickers (if you regard them as being machine-generated, which I do).
That's far from a complete list, but if you think about those categories you'll probably capture most of the issues surrounding other kinds of machine-generated data as well.
2. Technology for better information and analysis is also technology for privacy intrusion. Public awareness of privacy issues is focused in a few areas, mainly: Read more
Streaming for Hadoop
The genesis of this post is that:
- Hortonworks is trying to revitalize the Apache Storm project, after Storm lost momentum; indeed, Hortonworks is referring to Storm as a component of Hadoop.
- Cloudera is talking up what I would call its human real-time strategy, which includes but is not limited to Flume, Kafka, and Spark Streaming. Cloudera also sees a few use cases for Storm.
- This all fits with my view that the Current Hot Subject is human real-time data freshness — for analytics, of course, since we've always had low latencies in short-request processing.
- This also all fits with the importance I place on log analysis.
- Cloudera reached out to talk to me about all this.
Of course, we should hardly assume that what the Hadoop distro vendors favor will be the be-all and end-all of streaming. But they are likely to at least be influential players in the area.
In the parts of the problem that Cloudera emphasizes, the main tasks that need to be addressed are: Read more
|Categories: Cloudera, Data warehousing, EAI, EII, ETL, ELT, ETLT, Hadoop, Health care, Hortonworks, Kafka and Confluent, Log analysis, Specific users, Splunk, Streaming and complex event processing (CEP), Web analytics
|9 Comments
An idealized log management and analysis system — from whom?
I've talked with many companies recently that believe they are:
- Focused on building a great data management and analytic stack for log management …
- … unlike all the other companies that might be saying the same thing …
- … and certainly unlike expensive, poorly-scalable Splunk …
- … and also unlike less-focused vendors of analytic RDBMS (which are also expensive) and/or Hadoop distributions.
At best, I think such competitive claims are overwrought. Still, it's a genuinely important subject and opportunity, so let's consider what a great log management and analysis system might look like.
Much of this discussion could apply to machine-generated data in general. But right now I think more players are doing product management with an explicit conception either of log management or event-series analytics, so for this post I'll share that focus too.
A short answer might be "Splunk, but with more analytic functionality and more scalable performance, at lower cost, plus numerous coupons for free pizza." A more constructive and bottoms-up approach might start with: Read more


text:
Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
BiologyFound on various types of substrates, from mud to sand and rocks, in lower, middle and upper river valleys. Oviparous (Ref. 205).
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text:
We usually denote a matrix by a capital letter.
C is a matrix of order 2 × 4 (read as '2 by 4')
Each number in the array is called an entry or an element of the matrix. When we need to read out the elements of an array, we read it out row by row.
Each element is defined by its position in the matrix.
In a matrix A, an element in row i and column j is represented by aij
a11 (read as 'a one one ')= 2 (first row, first column)
a12 (read as 'a one two') = 4 (first row, second column)a13 = 5, a21 = 7, a22 = 8, a23 = 9
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- Report: #196383
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Euro City Security S A
Euro City Security S AAvda Juan Sebastian Elcano 46-4a, 28002 Madrid, Spain Madrid, Spain
Euro City Security S A ripoff Madrid Spain
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I opened the letter, somewhat stunned and found to my surprise, I appeared to have won the Euro Lottery - without even buying a ticket! Clearly a miracle of opportunity omitted from the Da Vinci code.
I followed the instructions and contacted Maxwell Princewill (an obviously very Spanish sounding name), to establish what this was about. I warned him, I was in no way providing him details of my bank account and he assured me I didn't have to, I just had to fill in the claim form and request my winnings by cheque. I said the whole matter sounded dubious and he assured me it wasn't.
I ended the call and took the letter to my neighbour - a police officer, who advised me this looked "dodgy".
My husband arrived home, he called the telephone number and spoke with my new friend Maxwell, who again assured him this was a genuine lottery win.
I decided to investigate further. I logged onto the website "Ministerio De Economia Y Hacienda" and clicked on the english button, then selected the lottery icon. Strangely, I found there was no lottery draw on the day I was supposed to have won my 615,810Euros! At the bottom of the web page is an important notice, advising people of such fraudulent activity.
I do a company search and immediately find the ripoff website! I have scanned and emailed the Ministerio copies of my letters and suggest anyone else who received such letters does exactly the same. Please do this to stop anyone becomming a victim of such despicable crimes.
Deanshanger, Northants
United Kingdom
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/14/2006 11:37 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Euro-City-Security-S-A/Madrid-/Euro-City-Security-S-A-ripoff-Madrid-Spain-196383. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
The new 1 million square foot facility will bring level 1 trauma services to the region and is located on 109-acre site that was chosen for accessibility. Designed in a timeless, collegiate gothic architectural style, the 11-story, 384-bed medical center will incorporate LEED standards and has four hospital towers that enables all patient rooms to have large windows with unobstructed views.
After the recent recession hampered many Minnesota cities and businesses, Olympic Companies is delighted to play a significant role in the recovery process. In what the Star Tribune describes as "a sign of Eagan's resiliency", Olympic has joined with Ryan Companies to develop what might become the largest Outlet Mall in the state.
Olympic is in the final stages of completing the 34 Million dollar Historic renovation of the Paramount Theatre in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Our scope of work includes significant ornamental plaster and paint restoration of the theatre that was severely flood damaged in 2008.
Olympic has been awarded the contract for Phase 1 of the Minnesota Zoo's "Heart of the Zoo" expansion project. This is a multi phased project that is intended to elevate the MN Zoo to World Class Status. Designed by HGA Architects, Phase 1 includes the Cargill Environmental Education Center with new education space and headquarters for a new volunteer area (the MN Zoo has approximately 1,000 volunteers!)
Olympic is currently working full speed on "Target Field" - the new Minnesota Twins Ballpark. Our work began on the project July 21st, 2008 and we continue working our way towards completion for opening day and the first pitch in the Spring of 2010!
When Construction began on the $90 million dollar University Club Tower on the Lakefront in Downtown Milwaukee, nobody could have imagined the complexity and intricacy of the project.
Drama fuels life, literature and great buildings; there is no place for it in construction. When McGough Construction contracted Olympic Companies for Minneapolis' famed Guthrie Theater rebuild, there were 100s of changes ahead, but no drama.


text:
When a craving strikes there's no reason not to give in and satisfy it by giving it exactly what it wants. In this case it was the boxed white cheddar shells of my childhood. Pasta Roni, Noodle Roni, Rice a Roni. . . I grew up on all of them and happily ate them well into my … [Read more...]
Feta Stuffed BLT Burgers
Say hello to the gussied up burger version of the BLT with a layer of creamy feta cheese hidden inside. If you ever stuffed cheese into the middle of a burger before then you know it's no easy feat to keep it contained once it begins to melt. With feta cheese you don't have … [Read more...]
Loaded Mashed Potato Crunch
The best recipe ideas come to me out of the blue. Sometimes when I'm sleeping an idea will wake me up just the same way a nightmare would with the idea already formed in my head like a dream. All I have to do is acknowledge it and I fall right back to sleep dreaming of it. That's … [Read more...]
Bacon Cheddar Potato Peel Chips (Don't Throw Away Your Potato Peels!)
Potato peels don't get the love they deserve! They make a perfectly delicious snack baked up into crunchy chips that are accepting of all kinds of toppings or are fine on their own with just a little salt and pepper. This is my 'loaded' version with cheddar cheese and crispy … [Read more...]
Pecan Chicken Salad with Apples & Bacon
A hearty salad that will fill you up and won't leave you feeling hungry! With pecan crusted chicken breasts, diced apples, dried cranberries and crumbled bacon over a bed of romaine lettuce all gussied up with the easiest honey mustard dressing in the world. The salad of my … [Read more...]
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text:
User:Thomas Dziubla
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 00:13, 5 March 2008 by Thomas Dziubla (Talk | contribs)
Principal Investigator
Past Graduate Students
Past Undergraduates
Past High school Students
Principal Investigator
Past Graduate Students
Past Undergraduates
Past High school Students
Thomas Dziubla
Assistant Professor
Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
Awards and Honors
NIH NRSA Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Environmental Medicine
C. Garnacho, R. Dhami, E. Simone, T. Dziubla, J. Leferovich, E. H. Schuchman, V. Muzykantov, and S. Muro*. "Delivery of acid sphingomyelinase in normal and Niemann-Pick disease mice using ICAM-1-targeted polymer nanoparticles" JPET (In Revision)
E. Simone, T. Dziubla, V Shuvaev and V.R. Muzykantov, "Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Enzyme Delivery." In:, 2nd Edition for Methods in Molecular Biology: Free Radicals and Antioxidant Protocols (In Press)
D. Besser, G. Swan, T. Dziubla and R. Eitel, "Building Continuous Loop Learning Communities: An Engineering Outreach Case Study" ASEE Southeast Spring Conference Proceedings (2008)
T.D. Dziubla*, V.V. Shuvaev, N.K. Hong, B. Hawkins, M. Muniswamy, H. Takano, E. Simone, M.T. Nakada, A. Fisher, S.M. Albelda, and V.R. Muzykantov, "Endothelial Targeting of Semi-permeable Polymer Nanocarriers for Enzyme Therapies." Biomaterials 2:215-27 (2008)
E. Simone*, T. Dziubla, F. Colon, D. Discher and V.R. Muzykantov. "Amphiphilicity of PEG-PLA diblock copolymer controls the formulation and morphology of nanocarriers protecting loaded therapeutic enzyme from proteolysis" Biomacromolecules 8:3914-21 (2007)
S. Muro*, T.D. Dziubla, W. Qui, J. Leferovich, X. Cui, E. Berk and V.R. Muzykantov "Endothelial targeting of high-affinity multivalent polymer nanocarriers directed to ICAM-1." JPET 317(3):1161-9 (2006)
Ding BS, Dziubla T, Shuvaev VV, Muro S, Muzykantov VR. "Advanced drug delivery systems that target the vascular endothelium." Mol Interv. 2:98-112 (2006)
T.D. Dziubla and V. Muzykantov, "Nanocarriers for drug delivery to the pulmonary vasculature." In: Nanoparticulates as Drug Carriers, V Torchilin, Ed. Imperial College Press, London. (2006)
T.D. Dziubla and V. Muzykantov, "Synthetic carriers for the delivery of protein therapeutics." In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews Vol. 22., S.E. Harding Ed., Lavoisier Publishing, Paris, France 267-298 (2006)
T. Dziubla, S. Muro, V. R. Muzykantov and M. Koval, "Nanoscale antioxidant therapeutics." In: Oxidative Stress, Disease and Cancer, Keshav K. Singh, Ed. Imperial College Press, London. (2006)
T.D. Dziubla*, A. Karim and V. Muzykantov, "Polymer nanocarriers (PNC) protect loaded catalase cargo from proteolysis." Journal of Controlled Release 102(2), 427-439, (2005)
T.D. Dziubla and A.M. Lowman*, "Vascularization of PEG-grafted macroporous hydrogel sponges: a 3-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis model utilizing human microvascular endothelial cells." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 68A (4): 603-614, (2004)
A.M. Lowman, T.D. Dziubla, P. Bures and N.A. Peppas, "Structural and dynamic response of neutral and intelligent networks in biomedical environments." in N.A. Peppas and M.V. Sefton, eds., "Advances in Chemical Engineering Vol 29: Molecular and Cellular Foundations of Biomaterials." Academic Press, New York, (2004)
V. Shuvaev, T. Dziubla, R. Wiewrodt and V. Muzykantov, "Streptavidin-biotin cross-linking of therapeutic enzymes with carrier antibodies: nanoconjugates for protection against endothelial oxidative stress." In: Methods in Molecular Biology V 283: Bioconjugation Protocols: Strategies and Methods, C.Niemeyer, Ed., Humana Press, (2004)
T.D. Dziubla, M.C. Torjman, J.I. Joseph and A.M. Lowman, "Implantable drug delivery devices: design of a biomimetic interfacial drug delivery system." In: Biomimetic Materials and Design: Interactive Biointerfacial Strategies, Tissue Engineering, and Targeted Drug Delivery, A K Dillow and A M Lowman, Eds., Marcel Dekker, (2003)
T.D. Dziubla and A.M. Lowman, "Smart gels." In: Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, M. Schwartz Ed. Wiley and Sons, (2001)
T.D. Dziubla, M.C. Torjman, J.I. Joseph, M. Murphy-Tatum and A.M. Lowman*, "Evaluation of porous networks of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) as interfacial drug delivery devices." Biomaterials 22, 2893-2899, (2001)
A.M. Lowman, T.D. Dziubla and N.A. Peppas, "Novel networks and gels containing increased amounts of grafted and crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)." ACS Polymer Prepr., 38(1), (1997)


text:
- Report: #89148
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Berkeley Premium Pharmaceuticals - Avlimil
Berkeley Premium Pharmaceuticals - AvlimilP.O. Box 42635, Cincinnati, Ohio U.S.A.
Berkeley Premium Pharmaceuticals - Avlimil ripoff situation just keeps going from bad to worse Cincinnati Ohio
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I called Berkeley Premium Products to have $70.00 credited back to my credit card for items I did not request to purchase. I called 1 866 834-1715 and spoke to Dexter at 5:41pm on 4/14/2004. I was very upset, began to explain to him that my credit card had been charged for items I did not request, nor was I informed of any charges like this that would be coming. He offered to explain to me why the charge was made, I asked him why I need an explanation for money that was taken without my authorization. He said ok then and proceeded to tell me what I needed to do to get my money back. He stated I needed to send the product back after I receive it with my name and address and zip code and write return to sender so they would know who's account they need to credit.
I decided to wait initially. But then called back and spoke to Teneal. She tried explaining to me (after seeing that my name in the system is still wrong from the first call, he didn't correct itshe said she would from Punbar to Dunbar). She again stated that there would be no way for them to refund my money without first receiving their product, evidently that information was inside of the purple pamphlet they sent to me.
I explained to her I was never told I needed to read that to insure that I was charged additional fees, so I asked her the same thing I had asked Dexter, how are you going to explain to me now about refunding money I never authorized you to take AND require action on my part. She went on to tell me several time the information is in the literature, I asked her what if I were illiterate. Since no one mentioned to me that I needed to read anything I did not.
She said this is a supplement you are putting into your body.as if to shame me by saying why don't I care enough to read it and how could I just admit that, I explained to her that I don't care. I chose not to read it which is my right. I was never told I needed to to avoid future charges that is what they don't have the right to do. She tried a couple more tactics to get me to see it their wayI explained nothing would move me from the fact that the person who took my credit card number never mentioned that there would be any ties to this company in the future.
So regardless of what information they mailed, I was unaware and I was unaware that there was some type of contractual obligation I was entering into so I could even be alerted that I needed to read their literature!
I insisted on speaking to her Supervisor, she complied. Charis the Supervisor then tried to tell me that the Attorney General's Office has informed them that they need only put in writing the information I need to have and provide it to me. She further stated that their legal office wouldn't be doing this if they couldn't. I explained to her that as far as I know consumers have some protection and we have the right to be informed about transactions that would cost us money...and that it must be explained in a way that the average consumer can understand.
She said I was correct and so the language used was done that wayso the average person could understand. Which got me back to the point that the average consumer is not aware of how her business functions so they would need to be alerted to the fact that there was information TO BE READ in the first place, in order for it to be considered reasonable. The way I found out about this was in reviewing my bank statement I saw that $70 had been deducted for ASKAVLIMIL.COM. And I was flabbergasted!
She told me they have are not legally compelled to explain the contract but that they adopt the policy that they will. She further stated that the person's who take the orders can be terminated for not explainingI told her our conversation was all of two minutes max. Just enough time for her to get my address, name, and credit card information, and I asked her about getting more after the 30 days after she stated it takes that long of it to take effect, she then stated that there were some programs I could participate in and she began to explain to me some program that would cost $125 for some period of time, all I heard , all I needed to hear, was $125 and I told her I would look into that after I received the $4.50 sample and see how I like it, she was find with that and actually seemed anxious to move on to her next call.
If I had been told that I needed to take some action to avoid ANY future charges, even $5.00 a month, I would have either not accepted the sample or done what I needed to do to insure that no funds were ever deducted in the first place. I have no problem following rules that I am aware of! The fact is I was never made aware of any future relationship between myself and this company that now holds my credit card information!!! I have to take action, in the form of returning goods I never requested (praying the mailman delivers it both to me and returns it back to them) and most importantly wait on money I never authorized them to take! This can not be legal is it?
11:24am Called Berkeley Premium Neutraceuticals and spoke to Katherine, she claimed they have not received the merchandise back even though I confirmed that they did receive it on 4/24/2004 at 1:29pm, and waited one more business day to make sure they had it in their possession. Previously when I spoke to them I was told the process to receive back my $70.00 would take 10-14 days, today I was told it actually takes 10-14 days after they receive the product back to credit me the $70.00, I explained I just wanted to get as much info as possible for my attorney and she added 10-14 BUSINESS days. I then hung up. This situation just keeps going from bad to worse with them.
Jacksonville, Florida
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/27/2004 08:24 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Berkeley-Premium-Pharmaceuticals-Avlimil/Cincinnati-Ohio-45242/Berkeley-Premium-Pharmaceuticals-Avlimil-ripoff-situation-just-keeps-going-from-bad-to-w-89148. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
- Report: #28063
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Fingerhut
Fingerhut11 Mcleland Road St Cloud, Minnesota U.S.A.
Fingerhut is a ripoff. St Cloud, Minnesota
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I have done business with fingerhut and every product I have purchased has been in poor quality. I have been on disability and social security. I have tried to set up some arrange ment with this company to pay off my final bill and they will not
work with me. They get very rude.
I was not on a fixed income when I did business with these people, but now I am. I want to pay this bill off but they wont let me. They sent this to a collection agency and this agency was really worst than fingerhut. I am at my wits end. This is the only consumer that will not work with me in order to keep my good credit.
Just a word to the wise, if you plan to do businees with these people you better hope you do not have an accident and unable to work. They will not work with you. This has been going on for years. I could of had this paid off if they would work with me by now
knoxville, Iowa
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 08/26/2002 05:17 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Fingerhut/St-Cloud-Minnesota-56395/Fingerhut-is-a-ripoff-St-Cloud-Minnesota-28063. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Co-op Boards Take Larger Role
By TRACIE ROZHON
Published: November 26, 1995
WHEN Frederick W. Peters assumed the board presidency at the White House, the grand old prewar building at 262 Central Park West, he immediately found himself in the hot seat.
"The real estate market was terrible, times were hard," he said. "There were a few people who were six to eight months behind in their maintenance -- not just investment bankers, but one was in the jewelry business, one was an attorney -- clearly these were people whose businesses were having a tough time."
If that wasn't enough, things started to wear out in the granite and brick 1929 building: the roof needed another major repair, the plumbing needed major work and the facade needed a significant repointing job -- all of this scheduled to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Mr. Peters was elected to the presidency of his board just as the reverberations of the stock-market crash of 1987 were echoing through the city's real-estate market. With fewer apartments selling at lower prices, and reserve funds dwindling because of major work -- spent either for glamorous lobbies or for structural repairs -- co-op boards had begun to pay more attention to what was going on in their buildings: not only to who lived there, but to how much money was spent on what.
With the the managing-agent scandal of a year and a half ago, when dozens of agents were indicted for taking kickbacks from suppliers, boards have been forced to look at their operating procedures, which had often consisted of abdicating most, if not all, of the day-to-day responsibilities for receiving and paying out money.
More and more, real estate professionals say, boards are looking for "hands-on" professionals to serve on the boards.
"It used to be just lawyers and accountants," said Mr. Peters, who is also president of Ashforth Warburg Real Estate, referring to the city's boards generally. "Now they want architects, landlords, engineers -- people who know how to get repairs done, and know who will do the best job the cheapest."
The boards themselves are taking a more active role: digging in and demanding more frequent fiscal reports and more bids on major contracts (rather than just accepting the supplier recommended by the managing agent) and even forming their own committees to oversee work.
New York City's co-op boards are not known for their homogeneity, so it it unsurprising that each board would have its own separate way of dealing with such problems as bankrupt shareholders, managing agents on the take and buildings suddenly needing major repairs.
"It seemed to happen all over the city at the same time," said Mr. Peters. "All those buildings that were built in the 20's and 30's turned 50 and 60 years old, and I guess that's the useful life for things like roofs and waterproofing."
Facing these kinds of problems, some boards reacted in knee-jerk fashion: raising their income and asset requirements, turning down anyone who didn't fit their unwritten profile.
"They were used to investment bankers from Yale and Harvard -- real WASPy types with lots of money," said Peter Marra, president of the William B. May real-estate company. "Now there's more self-employed entrepreneurs, and that's one of the problems they're facing and why there's more rejections."
Because of Mr. Peters's experience with defaulting shareholders, his building, an 86-unit apartment house at 86th Street, started tightening up on its admissions -- but with a somewhat flexible attitude. "Rather than turn anyone down, what we'll try to do is to get them to put six months in escrow until we're comfortable," he said. "Or until their asset level rises."
That approach may limit defaulting shareholders, but it doesn't immediately address how to pay for pressing capital improvements. Many boards -- with or without the big reserve funds of the more well-to-do buildings -- are facing these problems in increasingly more savvy, more creative ways, which accountants generally call "more sophisticated" and real estate agents call "more involved."
AS income from flip taxes -- where the seller of a co-op apartment turns over a percentage of the sale price to the building corporation -- diminished and capital improvements became necessary, boards have increasingly had to come to grips with their role as board members in a multimillion-dollar corporation. There is a new emphasis on the building's reserve funds, and boards are taking new steps to set aside money for future repairs.
"Out of the crazy 80's, and perhaps the indictments, boards have stopped focusing on the lobbies, the glitz and the flip taxes," said Ronni Lynn Arougheti, a partner in Heron Management. "They've gotten more serious; they realize they can't keep raising the maintenance and assessing people."
Five years ago, Mr. Peters's board found itself faced with a series of major projects, which included roof repair -- actually a major re-repair of work done by an incompetent contractor, he said -- waterproofing and window replacement. "We were like many co-ops who had postponed judicious maintenance," he said. "Through the 60's, 70's and 80's people didn't want to deal with issues that weren't immediate."


text:
As the president of NJVC, Chris Andersen is responsible for developing and driving the corporate strategic plan while providing the vision, direction and leadership to ensure the company reaches its goals. Mr. Andersen oversees all company divisions that deliver information technology services and solutions to defense, intelligence and civil agencies within the federal government. Based at NJVC headquarters in Chantilly, Virginia, Mr. Andersen manages and facilitates all organizational elements and client relations.Read More »
As NJVC Chief Operating Officer, Mike Carr is responsible for all day-to-day company operations, including leadership of all customer facing programs, technology solutions and corporate capabilities, research and development, and the associated human capital. Mr. Carr joined NJVC in 2011 and previously served as the Chief Technology Officer. As CTO, he provided technology direction for solutions provided to customers, including development of the company's service offerings, as well as the company's technology roadmap.Read More »
As Chief Revenue Officer, Robert Jeffrey "Jeff" Bongianino is responsible for all revenue generation processes at NJVC, including business development, marketing, sales, capture management and alignment of the company's technical offerings to market demand. Mr. Bongianino joined NJVC in 2011. Previously, he served as senior vice president, business development and was responsible for all business development activities of the company. Additionally, Mr. Bongianino served as general manager, IT services business unit, managing an annual revenue exceeding $350 million. He was responsible for developing a compelling and competitive information technology services offering strategy for the Intelligence Community, Department of Defense (DoD), federal civilian agencies and commercial markets.Read More »
As NJVC Vice President, Business Services, Scott Pospichel leads a 50-plus-person Contracting Directorate that includes the Logistics, Supply Chain, Purchasing, Subcontracts and Contracts groups. Mr. Pospichel is the corporate contracting subject matter expert and authority, advising senior leadership on all contract matters, whether buying or selling, for a $350–400-million annual portfolio. He is responsible for overseeing the directorate's budget and personnel performance planning, hiring, feedback and evaluation. Mr. Pospichel reports directly to the president.Read More »


text:
Join Zeroseven on April 15th for cupcakes and morning tea!
We are excited to share with you the secret behind the new QBANK website…
The 2016 Staff Winter retreat allowed us all to share in some great memories as well as celebrate our acheivements over the year so far.
Zeroseven represented their brand at the Annual Business South Bank Showcase event, 2016!
It isn't what you need to know to start marketing automation; you just need to do it, or you'll be left behind.
Kentico comrades joined in a night of sharing success stories over a cocktail!
Another year, another epic triathlon for team Zeroseven.
We have been sharing support to local charities and want to keep giving back!
The Idealpos website, in the category 'Computer Software', has won the IMA Best in Class Award with an overall score of 491!The Dynamic...
See what's stopping you from creating a great user experience in your next project.
Gardiors new website has been launched.
Kat and Ben have just become certified Kentico Developers!


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The Loving Wishes Fiesta Rose Bouquet extends your sweet affection and warm sentiments to the woman that is there for you time and again with this fantastic rose flower bouquet! These kaleidoscope inspired roses offer a new spin on the standard rose bouquet, boasting a dyeing technique that has the color of the blooms differing from petal to petal. Showcasing pink, white and purple hues to create a graceful and eye-catching display, this bouquet will make this comig May 13th a special occasion your mom will always hold dear.6 stems. Approximately 14"H x 9"W.
Your purchase includes a complimentary personalized gift message.
Taxes and fees will be calculated at checkout
Due to holiday availability, fees may vary for non-Gold Members.
Discount fees apply, place your order today!
Your selected gift will be delivered on Saturday, May 7th or Sunday, May 8th.
Date not available for delivery.
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