text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 17, 1974
|Filing date
|Jun 11, 1973
|Priority date
|Jun 11, 1973
|Also published as
|Publication number
|C Konrad
|Original Assignee
|Gen Electric
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (15), Classifications (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 I Konrad Dec. 17, 1974 Filed:
U.S. Cl......
June 11, 1973 Appl. No.: 36 ,973
BRAKING-MODE DETECTION CIRCUIT Inventor: Charles Edward Konrad, Roanoke,
Assignee; General Electric Company, Salem,
Anderson 318/375 X Primary Examiner.1ames R. Scott Assistant E.ramine rW. E. Duncanson, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-James H, Bcusse; Harold H. Green, Jr.
57 ABSTRACT Means for detecting operation of a direct-current motor in the reversed or braking mode. Means are provided for receiving signa1s repres entative of armature current and of the mark-space conduction ratio of a motor control thyristorA rise in motor current above a predetermined value,. coupled with a decline in mark-space ratio below a predetermined value, causes the disclosed circuit to produce an output signal which is utilized to temporarily limit conduction of the motor control thyristor and procure controlled deceleration.
19 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures 5 .9 Wfi 18 l -E1 "1- 1 135 124 1 (J I I CONTROL 118 i M con.
' PATENTEDIJEIII'ZIBIIII I 3,855,512 sum 3 at 3 I I I I I I I J 6158 & L
, 1 BRAKING-MODE DETECTION CIRCUIT BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to a control circuit for the regulation of braking torque in a direct current motor drive system and, more particularly, to
is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,344,328 by H. E. Morris, assigned'to the assignee of the present invention. While this form of control has been found acceptable in many applications, the dependence of the braking signals upon the armature diode characteristics leads to variations in braking performance with changes in temperature since the dynamic resistance of power diodes is age of time in which the motor and source are interconnected. Power circuits of this type are categorized as time-ratio control circuits, a name which stems from the switching nature of the power control device that connects the power source and load together for a given ratio of the total'time. This time ratio, or ratio of conducting to non-conducting time, is commonly called the mark-space ratio. A time-ratio control circuit of this type, particularly adaptable to the control of electric vehicles, is described in U.S. Pat. No.- 3,65 6,039 by C. E. Konrad and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
When this form of control is applied to an electric vehicle a series power circuit is formed by the direct current source, the motor, and a power switching device such as a power transistor or a thyristor circuit employing a main thyristor and the required commutating elements. The motorfield winding is connected in a bridge arrangement to provide directional control of the field magnetic flux with respect to the flux generated by the armature current, and a power diode is conventionally connected in parallel to the armature circuit with the diode poled to providea conductive path during braking operation. The series combination .of the motor armature and field winding is also shunted by a second power diode to provide a path for the continuation of reactive motor current flow during the non-conductive periods of the power switching device.
When the system is operating in the drive mode, the flux produced by current flowing in the motor field winding results in a generated armature voltage of a polarity which inhibits current flow through the diode that shorts the armature. When a retarding torque isrequired, the direction of the field flux is reversed by energizing contactors which reverse the direction of current flow in the field winding. This reversal in the direction of field fluxresults in a generated armature voltage polarity that is short-circuited by the armature diode..
The motor then functions as a shunt excited generator,
producing a dynamic braking torque whose magnitude is regulated through control of the power switch markspace ratio.
When. the motor operatesin the braking mode, it is desirable to regulate motor torque to provide smooth deceleration independent of the accelerator pedal position. This has been accomplished in prior controls temperature dependent.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved control circuit for regulating the decelerating torque of a direct current motor drive system. i l
A further object is to provide an improved circuit for detecting that a motor is operating in a braking mode.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a deceleration control'circuit for a direct current motor which is insensitive to variations in the characteristics of an armature shunting diode.
Briefly stated, in accordance with one aspect of the invention the foregoingobjects are achieved by providing means for sensing the mark-space ratio of a power further control means operate to limit the mark-space ratio to a value which procures controlled deceleration of the motor. v
In a further embodiment of the invention additional means are" provided to limit the mark-space ratio in responseto undesirably high current flow through the armature in either the braking or drive modes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject -matter which is regarded as the invention, it is believed that the invention will. be better understood from the following description of the preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of a series-connected direct current motor;
FIG. 2 is a representation of the volt-ampere characteristics exhibited by the motor of FIG. 1 undervarious operating conditions;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing illustrating one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing illustrating asecond embodimentof the invention; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a motor control circuit illustrating the use of a preferred embodiment in a drive system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now toFIG. 1, there is shown a suitablesource of direct current power 10 illustrated as a battery with its positive terminal at the top and its negative terminal at the bottom. A series direct current motor having an armature l2, brushes [3 and 15 and a field winding 14 is connected directlyto the positive terminal of the battery 10. A reversely poled diode 16 is conr 3 nected between the positive terminal of battery and the junction of armature l2 and field winding 14.
Field winding 14 is connected in a bridge arrangement with forward contactors F F and reversing contactors R R By closing either F and F or R, and R the direction of current flow through field winding 14 -may be varied to produce motor rotation in a desired direction, or to effect braking.
When the motor is rotating in the forward direction, the direction of the field magnetic flux is such that the generated armature voltage is positive at the top brush 13 providing a reverse bias on diode l6 and opposing the voltage supplied by the battery 10. When the re versing contactors are closed so that field current flows in the reverse direction the polarity of the generated armature voltage is reversed, that is, becomes positive at the lower brush-15. This reversal in the polarity of the generated armature voltage forward biases diode 16, effectively short-circuiting the armature so that a t reverse current of substantial magnitude flows through the armature windings. Thus while the motor is still' for an interval t the average voltage V applied to the motor terminals is then .v l i+ 2l B where V is the voltage of the battery 10. ltcan be seen then that the motor terminal voltage can be adjusted between zero and the full battery voltage V by suitable control of the ratio of time interval t, to the sum of the intervals (t t this ratio being termed the markspace ratio.
A diode 20.having its cathode connected to the top brush [3 of armature l2, and its anode connected to the junction between the power switch 18 and field winding 14, provides a path for the reactive motor current during the period that the power switch 18 is open.
The curves of FIG. 2 illustrate volt-ampere characteristics of a typical DC series traction motor under various operatingconditions. The vertical axis represents motor current and the horizontal axis represents motor voltage,'but since the motor voltage is directly proportional to the mark-space ratio, the horizontal axis is scaled directly in terms of the mark-space ratio which rangesin value from zero to unity. When the motor is operating at 100 percent speed in the positive direction as previously defined, maximum voltage results in rated motor current. At 30 percent speed, maximum voltage produces 6 times the rated current level while at stall, 40 percent of battery voltage is sufficient to develop 6 times the rated motor current. 1f the reversing contactors are closed so that the motor is rotating in an electrically negative direction at l0 percent of maximum speed, only 25 percent of battery voltage is necessary to develop 6 times rated motor current. When the speedof rotation in the backward direction is greater than --1 0 percent, correspondingly lesser perwill be conductive. The slope of the motor volt-ampere characteristics is indicative of the motor speed and, in particular, a slope in excess of a predetermined value is indicative of motor operation in the braking region. Since the motor terminal voltage and the mark-space ratio are relatedby a constant of proportionality, the mark-space ratio can be used ,in' conjunction with the armature current to detect motor operation in the braking mode.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a preferre embodiment of the invention for detecting motor operation in a braking mode when the current exceeds a predetermined value for a given motor voltage. A current shunt 22 is connected in series with the motor armature 12 to provide a voltage signal proportional to the armature current. The signal thus obtained is amplified by a differential amplifier 24 to provide a voltage that is proportional to the current through the armature 12. The output of amplifier 24 is supplied through a re-.
sistor 26 to the non-inverting input of comparator 32. The non-inverting input of comparator 32 is also coupled to a point of common potential by resistor 28.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, comparator 32 may be a differential amplifier of a type commonly available commercially and discussed at page 18 of the Linear Integrated Circuit Amplifier Handbook, edited by J. N. Giles, published by the Fairchild Semiconductor Company and assigned Library of Congress No. 67-27446. Such a device has a pair of inputs, one termed inverting and the other termed non-inverting. When the voltage applied to the noninverting terminal is more positive than that applied to the inverting terminal the output voltage of the amplifier is of a first value. When the voltage applied to the non-inverting terminal becomes lower than that appearing atthe-inverting terminal, the output of the amplifier changes to a second value which is lower than the first valu'etThe'voltage level of the amplifier output therefore indicates the relative values of the voltages appearing at the input terminals thereof.
The inverting input of comparator 32 is supplied with a voltage signal which is proportional to the markspace ratio and hence the motor terminal voltage. The magnitudes of resistors 26 and 28 are chosen to provide avoltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator which, at a given armature of current (typically 6 times the rated current level) is equal in magnitude to the voltage supplied to the other, inverting input of the comparator when the mark-space ratio is 25 percent. By using these values as reference points for determining circuit element values, it is insured thatany time armature current and mark-space ratio attain the predetermined proportionality the comparator output will change state. This occurs because comparator output is a function of the relative values of the signals applied to its input terminals.
It will now be understood that comparator 32 isadjusted to operate along a characteristic curve as shown in FIG. 2, the established proportionality of the sensed signals needed to: trigger comparator 32 corresponding tothe slope of the desired plugging curve, i.e. acurve non-inverting input will exceed that of the inverting,
input as the result of a higher'level of armature current and the voltage at output 34of comparator 32 will remain at its most positive level. A positive output at output terminal 34 is thus indicative of motor operation in the braking mode. I
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a second embodiment of the invention, which also provides a signal indicative of motor operation in the braking mode when the motor armature current magnitude is in excess of a predetermined value and the mark-space ratio is less than another, predetermined value. The inverting input of a comparator 52 is coupled to the junction of resistors 48 and 50 which are serially connected between the positive, and negative supply busses. The
non-inverting input of comparator 52 is connected to the junction of resistors'36 and 38 which are in turn serially connected between the negative bus and the output of the differential current amplifier 24. The noninverting input of a second comparator 54 is connected to the junction between resistors 44 and 46 which are serially connected between the positive and negative busses. The inverting input'of the comparator 54 is coupled to the junction of resistors 40 and 42 which are serially connected between an input terminal 64 and the negative bus.
The resistors 48 and 50 connected in series between the negative and positive busses form a voltage divider which biases the inverting input of comparator 52 at a selected voltage level, while the series connection of connected with its anode to terminal 62 and its cathode to the output of comparator 52. A second diode 58 is cent), the output of one of the two comparators will be resistors 44 and 46 biases the non-inverting input of comparator 54 at a second voltage level. The magnitude of resistors 36 and 38 are chosen such that the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator 52 will exceed the voltage level at the inverting input (determined by themagnitude of resistors 48 and 50) when the motor armature current is in excess of a selected level, typically 6 times the rated level of motor armature current. When the armature currentis less than the-selected level, the output voltage of comparator 52 will be at its most negative level, and when the current is in excess of the selected level, the output voltage will be at its most positive level.
A voltage proportional to the mark-space ratio is derived from control circuitry (not shown) and supplied to terminal 64; the magnitude of resistors 40 and 42 are chosen such that the inverting input will be at a voltage level which is less than that of the non-inverting input (determined by the magnitude of resistors 44 and 46) when the mark-space ratio is less than a predetermined value, typically25 percent. When the mark-space ratio isless-than the selected value the output voltage of comparator 54 will be at its most positive level; otherwise it will remain at, its most negative level.
A pullup resistor is connected between the positive bus and the output terminal 62 and a diode 56v is negative and the voltage at the output terminal 62 will be negative. If the armature current is in excess of the preset level and themark-space ratio is less than its preset level, the output'voltage of both comparators will now be at a positive level, causing the voltage at output terminal 62 to also be positive, indicating motor operation in a braking mode. V
Referring now to FIG. 5 there is shown in schematic form a complete circuit for the control of a direct current motor drive system employing a preferred embodiment of the invention. Elements common to the previ ously described figures have the same numbers. The power circuit comprising the battery 10, motor field l4 and armature 12, power switch 18, armature shunting diode 16, motor shunting diode 20, and current transducer 22 was described previously in conjunction with FIG. 1.
The differential current amplifier 24 employs an operational amplifier 76 connected as a differential amplifier in a manner well known in the art, and previously described in respect to comparator 32. The inverting input of the amplifier 76 is connected to the midpoint of resistors 66 and 72 which form a series circuit between a first terminal of current transducer 22 and the negative bus. The non-inverting input-of the amplifier 76 is connected to the junction of resistors 68 and 70, which are serially connected between the second terminal of the current transducer 22 and the negative bus. A gain controlling resistor 74 is connected between the inverting-input and the output terminal of amplifier 76. The output of the amplifier 24 is then a voltage which is related to the voltage developed across the current transducer 22 by a constant of proportionality.
A rheostat ll6connected between the system common and the negativebus is the control available to the system operator and, in an electric vehicle, is mechanically linked to the accelerator pedal. The position of the rheostat wiper provides a reference voltage with respect to the system common that serves as an input to controlled acceleration circuit 114. The purpose of the controlled acceleration circuit, is to limit the rate of inthrough resistor 108 to a voltage which serves to reset the controlled acceleration circuit 114. When a posi-- tive voltage is applied to the base electrode of transistor 110 through resistor 108, the transistor becomes conductive and the voltage across capacitor 112 is effectively clamped to zero. An output resistor 106 has one end connected to the junction between resistor 104 and capacitor 112, with the other terminal serving as the tween the inverting input or summing junction and the output of amplifier 124 and converts the input current to a proportional output voltage. This voltage is supplied to a control circuit 128 which advantageously includes an oscillator and a commutating circuit for operating power switch 18. Ideally, the oscillator will time the turn-on gating pulses such that the mark-space ratio of the power switch is a linear function of the'oscillator input voltage, in which event the voltage output of the amplifier 126 will be directly proportional to the voltof potentiometer 88 and the output voltage of comparator 82 switches to a positive level. Since diode 84 is now forward biased a positive current is supplied to the control amplifier 126, reducing its output voltage and effecting a reduction in the mark-space ratio of the power switch 18 which in turn reduces the current flowing through the motor armature. I
During braking, two functions must be accomplished. First, the-reset terminal of the controlled acceleration circuit 114 must be biased to energize transistor 110 for shunting capacitor 112, nullifying the effect of acage applied to the motor. An oscillator of this type is I described in my co-pending US. patent application Ser. No. 319,526. filed Dec. 29, I972, and entitled Controlled Variable Time Ratio Circuit.
The voltage applied to the motor terminals is now seen to be a function of the magnitude of current flowing from the summing junction (inverting input) of operational amplifier '124, which has its non-inverting input connected to the system common.
There are threesources of current in the summing junction of amplifier 124; the output current of the controlled acceleration circuit 114, the output of the current-limit circuit 96 which will be described later, and an input current from a creep adjustment network 117. The creep adjustment network supplies a reference current proportional to the torque desired with zero depressionof the accelerator pedal. The input is supplied by a series circuit composed of a resistor 118 and a potentiometer 120 which can be adjusted to provide the desired current level. In the absence of a current-limit signal, the motor voltage is then determined by the combination'of voltages applied by the creep adjustment circuit and the accelerator pedal rheostat 116.
The current-limit circuit 96 has no effect upon applied motor voltage unless the motor armature current has reached a preset maximum level. The output voltage of the current amplifier 24 is supplied by way of a resistor 78 to the non-inverting terminal of a comparator 80 connects the non-invertinginput to the output of comparator 82. The output terminal of comparator 82 is connected by way of diode 84 and resistor 86 to the inverting terminal of comparator 124. When the arvalue the output voltage of the amplifier 24 is less than the voltage at the wiper of potentiometer 88. Comparator 82 then produces a negative output voltage which reverse biases diode 84 and thus has no effect upon the input current to amplifier 126. When the armature current exceeds the predetermined value, the voltage output of amplifier 24 exceeds the voltage set at the wiper t mature current is less than the predetermined limiting celerator pedal position on the braking torque. Se-
condly, the current-limit circuit must be adjusted to provide a predetermined increasein the current-limit reference voltage, to assure adequate braking torque.
Both of these functions are accomplished by the braking mode detection circuit which is identical to the circuit described in connection with the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, with the addition of capacitor 102 and diode98. Capacitor 102 is connected in parallel with resistor 28 to filter out voltage fluctuations resulting from ripple inthe armature current. Diode 98.is connected to the output of comparator 32, the cathode terminal thereof serving as the output terminal of the braking mode detection circuit. As was set forthwith respect to FIG. 2, the output of comparator 32 is positive only when the motor is operating in a braking mode. The positive output voltage produced by detection circuit 100 provides an actuating signal to the reset terminal of controlled acceleration circuit 114, and also increases the maximum current allowed by current limit circuit 96 to a value which is determined by the setting of potentiometer 94.
While the foregoing description has been directed primarily to the control of a series direct current motor for use in electric vehicles, it will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not so limited, and the appended claims are therefore intended to cover the full spirit and scope of the present invention.
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
I. A circuit for sensing operation of a direct current motor having an armature and a field winding in a braking mode comprising:
first sensing means for sensing the magnitude of armature current and outputting a first signal representative thereof;
second sensing means for outputting a second signal representative of motor terminal voltage;
output means responsive to said first and said second signals to produce an output signal when the ratio of armature current to motor terminal voltage attains a predetermined value.
2'. A braking-mode detection circuit for use with a time-ratio control system for controlling operation of a direct current motor having a field winding and an armature winding comprising:
first sensing means for producing a signal representative of armature current;
second sensing means for producing a signal representative of the average conductivity of the timeratio control system;
output means coupled to said first and said second sensing means and operative to produce a signal for modifying the operation of said time ratio control system when said signals produced by said first and said second sensing means achieve a predetermined relationship.
3. The invention defined in claim 2, wherein said output means serves to lessen the average conductivity of the time ratio control system for reducing the voltage applied to the DC motor. Y
4. in an electric vehicle powered by a direct current traction motor having an armature winding and a field winding, means for reversibly connecting the field winding to effect motor braking, the operation of said traction motor being controlled by a time-ratio control system comprising power switching means and means for modifying the mark-space conductive ratio of the power switching means, a braking mode detection circuit comprising:
first means coupled to said armature for producing a first signal proportional to armature current; second means coupled to said control system for producing a second signal proportional to the markspace ratio of said power switch; and output means coupled to said first and said second means and operative to decrease the mark-space ratio of said power switching means when said first and said second signals achieve a predetermined ratio. I Y 5. The invention defined in claim 4 wherein said output means comprises a comparator.
exceed predetermined values; and
means coupling said output signal to said control means for changing the mark-space ratio of the gated thyristor means.
11. The invention defined in claim 10, wherein the switchable thyristor device adapted to be coupled be- 6. The invention defined in claim 5 wherein said first sensing means-comprises a resistive current'shunt coupled in'circuit with said armature.
7. [n a control circuitincluding a gated switch for controllably metering power to a DC motor having an armature and'a field winding, means for indicating the operation of the motor in the braking mode, comprismg: I
first means for producing a first signal indicative of the magnitude of the armature current;
second means for producing a second signal indicative of the conduction to non-conduction time ratio of the gated switch;
means coupled to said first and said second means for receiving said first and said second signals and producing an output signal when said first and said second signals exceed predetermined values.
8. The invention defined in claim 7, further including utilization means coupled to said last-named means for reducing the conduction to non-conduction time ratio of the gated switch upon receipt of said output signal.
9. The invention defined in claim 8, wherein said first means is a resistive current shunt.
10. In a control circuit including gated thyristor means for metering power to a DC motor having anarmature and a field winding, means for controlling the amount of power so metered during motor braking comprising:
control means for gating the thyristor means to effect a predetermined mark-space ratio; first means adapted to be coupled to the armature for producing a signal indicative of the current flowing therethrough; second means producing a signal indicative of the mark-space ratio of the gated thyristor means; output means coupled to said first and said second means for producing an output signal when both the armature current and the average conductivity tween the motor and a source of direct current power and control means for controlling the mark-space conduction ratio of the thyristor device;
means for producing a first signal representative of Y 'the magnitude of current through the motor armature;
means for producing a second signal representative of the average voltage applied to the motor by the thyristor device; I means for limiting the mark-space ratio of said thyristor device to a predetermined value; and means for energizing said last-named means when said first and said second signal exceed first and second reference values, respectively.
15. In a direct current motor control system for coupling a direct current motor including an armature and a field winding across a source of direct current power, and including a gated semiconductor switch and an oscillator circuit for controlling the mark-space ratio of the switch; I
first output means for providing a'first output signal proportional to armature current;
second output means for providing a second output signal proportional to the average voltage applied across the motor;
current limit means for comparing said first signal with a reference and outputting a current limitsignal when said first signal exceeds said reference;
braking signal means coupled to said first and said second output means for producing a braking signal when said first and said second output signals exceed predetermined reference values; and
means coupled to said current limit means and said braking signal means and responsive to said current limit signal or said braking signal for limiting the mark-space ratio of the gated semiconductor switch to a predetermined maximum value.
16. The invention defined in claim 15, further including means coupledto said current limit means and to said braking signal means for changing the effective value of said current limit means reference when said 18. The invention defined in claim 17, wherein said first output means includes a resistive current shunt coupled in circuit with the motor armature.
ence of said second output signal.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 25, 1964
|Jan 10, 1967
|Lansing Bagnall Ltd
|Electric motors for example for driving industrial trucks
|Sep 18, 1970
|Jan 18, 1972
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Traction motor control system
|Mar 3, 1972
|Dec 4, 1973
|Gen Electric
|Direct current power control circuit
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 14, 1974
|Mar 16, 1976
|Joseph Lucas (Industries) Limited
|Control circuits for electrically driven vehicles
|Nov 20, 1974
|May 18, 1976
|General Electric Company
|Method and apparatus for plug sensing
|Jul 20, 1976
|Mar 28, 1978
|Sony Corporation
|DC motor control circuit
|Feb 2, 1977
|Jun 3, 1980
|Clark Equipment Company
|Automatic field control for direct current shunt motor
|Nov 2, 1994
|Oct 15, 1996
|General Electric Company
|Electrical propulsion systems for a golf car
|Sep 28, 1999
|Jun 12, 2001
|Nippon Yusoki Co., Ltd.
|Current-limiting value setting method for electric-vehicle traveling motor, and device for practicing the method
|Sep 26, 2002
|Dec 28, 2004
|Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha
|Method and apparatus of controlling electric vehicle
|Aug 5, 2004
|May 9, 2006
|Universal Instruments Corporation
|Method and system for electronic braking of an electric motor having no permanent magnets
|Jun 14, 2011
|Tesla Motors, Inc.
|Flux controlled motor management
|Sep 26, 2002
|Mar 27, 2003
|Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha
|Method and apparatus of controlling electric vehicle
|Aug 5, 2004
|Feb 9, 2006
|Weiss Darrin M
|Method and system for electronic braking of an electric motor having no permanent magnets
|Oct 15, 2008
|Apr 15, 2010
|Tesla Motors, Inc.
|Flux controlled motor management
|Jul 10, 1997
|Dec 21, 1999
|General Electric Company
|Electrical propulsion systems for a vehicle
|Oct 18, 1975
|Jun 24, 1976
|Gen Electric
|Bremsregelschaltung fuer einen elektrischen traktionsmotor
|Jun 16, 2005
|Mar 2, 2006
|Universal Instruments Corporation
|Method and system for electronic braking of an electric motor having no permanent magnets
|U.S. Classification
|318/366, 318/139
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Definition of tumbleweed in English:
noun[mass noun] North American & Australian /NZ
A plant of arid regions which breaks off near the ground in late summer, forming light globular masses which are tumbled about by the wind.
- Genera Salsola (family Chenopodiaceae) and Amaranthus (family Amaranthaceae).
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[caption id="attachment_3787" align="alignright" width="237" caption="Below-Knee Prosthetic with U.S. Marine Corps and Purple Art by Daniel Horkey. (Photo courtesy NMHM website)"][/caption]
The National Museum of Health & Medicine offers a diverse array of permanent and rotating exhibits and events on the grounds of Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC. On display until November 28, 2010 is "Wounded in Action: An Art Exhibition of Orthopaedic Advancements," named as one of this week's "Art Picks" by the Washington City Paper.
Reviewer John Anderson calls the items on display "an artistic look at the role orthopedic surgeons play in the recovery of veterans and civilians during armed conflict. Created by service members, doctors, and civilians, some work is naïve and precious, while others possess a fantastic realism and movingly document the recovery from trauma. When so much of military action is trivialized by the nightly news and glorified in cinema, this exhibition personally confronts the realities of the veterans, surgeons, and civilians caught in the crossfire of war."
Additional art installations are at the University of Maryland Health Sciences Library and Southern Management Corporation Campus Center in Baltimore through Veterans Day. Whether you're visiting or staying with a loved one at Walter Reed, traveling through the DC area, or a local looking for a powerful artistic display of the sacrifices of our Troops, we encourage you to explore this exhibit all that the National Museum of Health and Medicine has to offer.
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DirectBuy Houston Trivara, LLC d/b/a DirectBuy of Houston Southwest Kathy (our presentation person) promised that we would save on our kitchen remodel, so far the shipping on items is not saving us anything. Not happy & calls to manager are not returned. Houston, Texas
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So far everytime I have gone to the showroom to look thru books for item (light fixtures, cabinetry, cabinet handles) I have not gotten any assistance (another feature that was touted as being part of this CLUB) nor have I been able to find any savings.
Example: the light fixture that I thought would work in my kitchen ceiling (needed 2), was approx $9.95 BUT the shipping on EACH LIGHT was also $9.95 making one light cost about 20.00. The same light sold at the local Depot & Lowes, sold for $9.95 and then we found a box of the SAME looking light at Lowes (2 for $19.99). This along with the shipping timeframe of 4 weeks, was enough to make us realize that this is not going to work.
We have since tried to obtain our membership refund. (We started this 27 days after signing the contract). First, no one would return our calls. Finally, we were told to email the store manager, Dan Tidwell. I have now emaile him 6 times, since November 17, 2011 and have yet to hear from him. This again is not a good feeling since they also state in the welcome package "DirectBuy Club will work to resolve your issue(s) in accordance with our Membership Policies. The only "policy" we can figure out is they take your money and then do nothing more.
If it is necessary to file a legal complaint or get an attorney, we have resolved ourselves to this. We are not happy with the items that we may want to take weeks to be delivered and to cost twice as much just for the shipping. (we were told the shipping was nominal) Again, not true, if you are charged for EACH same ITEM shipping costs. Kathy explained that the ceiling light issue was because the lights were NOT EXACTLY the same manufacturer. In retrospect, they LOOK IDENTICAL. And everyone knows that any manufacturing company will put a different name on the exact item and ship it to different vendors/business's. This is not rocket science.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/12/2011 01:13 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/DirectBuy-Houston/Houston-Texas-77031/DirectBuy-Houston-Trivara-LLC-dba-DirectBuy-of-Houston-Southwest-Kathy-our-presentatio-808242. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Is there any plans to put in the option to turn off the name of the person who took the picture? I don't necessarily want my name to show up under each picture.
Also, it would be cool if the plugin just showed the pictures and not when they were taken.
Is there any plans to put in the option to show pictures in a grid, say 3x3 or 4x4? This would be really cool for styling's sake.
Of course, if these things can be accomplished with CSS that would be cool. I'm just learning how to work with CSS so it might be that this is already possible but I'm just too much of a noob.
Thanks for taking the time to read my questions, and thanks for the great plugin!


text:
Editor's Note. This systematic review article is a contribution by invitation of the new journal editor, Lourdes Ortega, and was peer reviewed by three experts.
Systematic Review Article
Quantitative Research Methods, Study Quality, and Outcomes: The Case of Interaction Research
Version of Record online: 28 MAR 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00640.x
© 2011 Language Learning Research Club, University of Michigan
Language Learning
Volume 61, Issue 2, pages 325–366, June 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Plonsky, L. and Gass, S. (2011), Quantitative Research Methods, Study Quality, and Outcomes: The Case of Interaction Research. Language Learning, 61: 325–366. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00640.x
This article is based on a plenary delivered at Second Language Research Forum, 2009 (Gass) with the title Oh what a tangled web we weave and on a qualifying research paper by Plonsky (2010). We are grateful to Shawn Loewen for helpful and significant feedback on the qualifying research paper by Plonsky. Our thanks also go to Allison Dovi and Cassandra Shanbaum for their assistance with coding. All errors that remain are our own.
Publication History
- Issue online: 11 MAY 2011
- Version of Record online: 28 MAR 2011
- Revised version accepted 6 January 2011
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Asian Tribune is published by World Institute For Asian Studies|Powered by WIAS Vol. 12 No. 1592
International terrorism, a pre-eminent threat to global peace and security - High Commissioner Ashok K Kantha
On an invitation extended by the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development, Government of Sri Lanka, Ashok K Kantha, High Commissioner of India, addressed the students and faculty of Defence Services Command and Staff College on the theme "India's Foreign and Defence Policies."
on 22 November 2012, Indian High Commissioner was cordially welcomed by Major General JC Rambukpotha, Commandant Defence Services Command and Staff College on arrival.
In his address, the High Commissioner touched upon India's unique geographical location and key global and regional developments influencing India's security environment and highlighted that India's unique geographical position, maritime as well as continental entity, with its footprints and interests reaching well beyond South Asia and positioned as a bridge between different parts of Asia such as West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia etc. formed the key determinants of the India's defence policies.
He underlined the transformation of global and regional balance of power, in which the risk of direct conflict between major states has markedly receded; transnational challenges like terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, energy security, climate change and the prolonged economic crisis have become the primary threats to global peace and stability.
He emphasized the need for a collective global response to these challenges and especially the ones emanating from non-states actors, failed or weakened States.
He drew attention to international terrorism as possibly the pre-eminent threat to global peace and security while pointing out India's own experience as a victim of cross border terrorism for over two decades. He underlined the major risks associated with weapons of mass destruction possibly falling into the hands of terrorists and non-state actors and to the increased incidences of piracy, gun running and terrorism in the Indian Ocean region.
The High Commissioner highlighted that India's overriding foreign and defense policy objective is to secure a peaceful and enabling international environment, both in the neighborhood and globally, so as to concentrate on domestic priorities of nationhood and inclusive development while ensuring independence and autonomy in India's decision making.
He underlined that another vital objective is to protect and safeguard India's territorial integrity and sovereignty and to deal with non-traditional threats to security which are increasingly becoming trans-national in character. He also underlined India's recognition that transnational challenges can be addressed only through global efforts.
The High Commissioner drew attention to the fact that India has never pursued aggressive or expansionist policies and India's armed forces have always been used to defend the motherland against external aggression. India has never sent troops abroad except for UN peace keeping operations or at the express specific request of the legitimate government of the country concerned.
India's defense preparedness and credible deterrence includes nuclear doctrine of credible minimum deterrence, which envisages no first use of nuclear weapons, non-use against non-nuclear weapon states and voluntary moratorium on further nuclear tests. He underlined that India's defense preparedness has not been at the cost of development and India's defense expenditure remains modest at around 2% of the GDP and in per capita terms is among the lowest in the world.
The High Commissioner emphasized that a natural corollary of India's non-aligned foreign policy has been to enhance engagement with all the major countries of the world, which has resulted in substantial strengthening of our relationship with all the major countries and regions of the world and India's rapid economic and social transformation since early 1990s has provided opportunities to meaningfully engage with the rest of the world in an unprecedented manner.
India, at the same time, has been in the forefront of promoting South-South cooperation and continues to give highest priority to closer political, economic and other ties with our neighbors in South Asia and extended neighborhood.
He also referred to India's successful "Look East Policy" launched in 1990s which is based on a cooperative paradigm of positive inter-connectedness of economic and security interests. He noted that there is a growing appreciation of India's relevance and role in addressing cross-cutting global issues and India today is today a net provider of security in domains ranging from maritime security to UN Peace keeping operations and one of the engines helping to pull global economy out of recession.
High Commissioner Kantha highlighted that India is Sri Lanka's closest neighbor and our bilateral relationship is extremely strong, anchored in common civilization heritage, shared interests and interlinked destinies.
He underlined that India has consistently stood for a united, strong and prosperous Sri Lanka and the defense cooperation between the two countries encompasses a wide array of activities such as high level exchanges, training, joint exercises and exchange of goodwill visits by Naval ships of the two countries. In recent years, the relationship has been marked by close contacts at the highest political level, growing trade and investment, cooperation in the fields of development, education, culture and defence, as well as a broad understanding on major issues of international interest.
Indian High Commissioner's address was followed by an interactive session in which he responded to interesting questions raised by student officers. The event concluded with the presentation of a memento to the High Commissioner by the Commandant, Staff College.
- Asian Tribune -


text:
Thursday, December 20, 2013
ATLANTA (AP) -- Jep Robertson, one of the stars of TV's Duck Dynasty, is scheduled to appear at an Atlanta running race this weekend as debate rages over comments by his father and fellow cast member.
A&E suspended Phil Robertson for comments about gay people that he made during an interview with GQ magazine. Several fans of the show reacted angrily, saying Robertson has a right to voice his views.
Jules Jeptha "Jep" Robertson, who is Phil Roberton's youngest son, is scheduled to appear at the "Duck Dash Atlanta" 5K at 9 a.m. Saturday at Turner Field.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports that the race is billed as "a complete redneck 5k." The event's website states that awards will be presented by Jep Robertson for 5K overall champions and the "most redneckedness" costume.
(Copyright 2013, The Associated Press)


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Results 1 — 10
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Mechanical Engineering Intern
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Duro UAS builds eco-drones and sensors to collect data in complex urban environments. The Mechanical Engineering Intern will work closely with Duros vehicle team to help research, design, and fabricat…
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Product Management Internship with high-end Silicon Valley PC Tech company
STEIGER DYNAMICS LLC — Redwood City, CA
August 30 2016
PLEASE CAREFULLY READ the requirements below and DO NOT apply if those cannot be fulfilled. Thank you. STEIGER DYNAMICS® is a revolutionary Home Theater PC (HTPC) manufacturer bringing high-end comput…
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Web-based Research / Internet of Things Sensor Data / work from home
TERBINE — Virtual
August 28 2016
The task set involves doing deep, web-based research to find publicly available sensor datasets and streams. These will be looked at for inclusion in the Terbine system ( www.terbine.io ). It turns ou…
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text:
Fish & Wildlife and corrections team up for bats
With Vermonts bat numbers on a decline, the states Fish & Wildlife Department is looking at innovative ways to help save the animals.
One way has been to construct bat houses where females can roost and raise their babies during the day. To get construction underway, the department teamed up with the Department of Corrections to build up to 200 houses.
We have a history of doing habitat projects with inmates, said Forrest Hammond, a wildlife biologist who thought of the project. We thought they could build some bat houses to help the state bat program. We thought this would be a good project.
The inmates at the Southeast State Correctional Facility in Windsor took on the challenge and have since built 50 bat houses. Another 150 more are under construction.
Its a major construction project, Hammond said.
The bat shelters are about 3 feet by 2 feet and would be attached to the exterior of peoples houses.
This project educated these inmates about the problems Vermonts bat populations are facing, said Paul Brosseau, work crew foreman at the correctional facility. They were very happy to help and to give back to the community.
The project was funded through the Windsor Coon Hunters Association, which donated $150 for hardware and materials. The corrections facilities had some material left over from other projects that they were able to use.
According to Fish and Wildlife, there has been an unprecedented mortality of six species of cave bats due to what is called white-nose syndrome, in which a fungus invades the skin and breaks down the tissue in hibernating bats.
The disease was first documented in New York during the winter of 2006 and quickly spread to Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut and has now affected 6 million bats in 22 states and four Canadian provinces, according to the USGSs National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisc.
The already constructed bat houses were distributed earlier this month to families who regularly observe bats near their homes.
I always try to do hands-on projects with the kids and they would need to paint the houses before they took them, Hammond said.
The rest will be used as part of the states bat projects.
We feel pretty good about how it turned out, Hammond said. The inmates did a wonderful job.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN Vermont NewsRUTLAND Kerry Branons upbringing in Vermont helped inspire her to care for the lives around... Full StoryWATERBURY Five years after Tropical Storm Irene hit the state, an artist from Waterbury recalls... Full StoryThe Vermont State Labor Council AFL-CIO has endorsed the Democratic slate of statewide candidates... Full Story
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It appeared that Darley's Transparent had won Friday' s 1 1/8-mile Curlin Stakes by 2-lengths at Saratoga Race Course, but an infraction during the contest would change the result.
The Florida-bred son of Bernardini had bothered fifth place finisher Proud Strike earlier in the race, bumping on the far turn, clipping heels and causing the son of Smart Strike to stumble as the Steve Asmussen charge was forced to check after the interference. Transparent's number was taken down after a steward's inquiry regarding the incident, and Transparent was disqualified from first to fifth. Proud Strike's jockey Ricardo Santana Jr. had lodged an objection claiming foul after the indiscretion. Romansh, the other half of the Darley entry, and another son of Bernardini, who had overcome a difficult start, stumbling after breaking from the gate, was declared the victor of the contest. Tom Albertrani conditions Romansh and Kiaran McLaughlin trains Transparent. Jockey Junior Alvarado was up on the winner. The entry went off as the post time favorite at odds of 7/5.
Romansh like Transparent was purchased at the 2011 Fasig-Tipton August Yearling Sale, and both colts were broken and trained by Tim Jones in Aiken. Romansh won his last start, breaking his maiden in a 1 1/16-mile maiden special weight race by 5 1/2-lengths on May 25, over an off track at Belmont Park.


text: Tastes Like Woe Posted on May 27, 2014 by Snow Our Woeful designers bring you another week of delicious deals. Gobble up these Woeful things for just L$50 each. 13 - Yellow JesteR - Rare Two-Headed Penguin ◄ Back Next ► Picture 13 of 13 Yellow JesteR - Rare Two-Headed Penguin; SLurl More


text:
Scotland Yard had 1,300 riot officers on standby in London last weekend because of fears of violence in the aftermath of the Mark Duggan inquest verdict.
Intelligence suggested that a vigil for Duggan, whose shooting dead by police sparked the August 2011 riots, held outside Tottenham police station on Saturday might have been targeted by groups intent on causing disorder.
Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley of the Metropolitan Police told MPs that a contingency plan had been put in place after intelligence reports suggested "extreme left-wing groups" and local criminal and gang elements might hijack the vigil.
Mr Rowley told the


text:
Featured member
Sponsorship & Advertising Opportunities
Board Meetings
Held 2nd Tuesday every month: 10:00 am start time At:
Carey Limousine 4770 Forest St., Unit M Denver, CO 80216
Upcoming Dates:
September 13, October 11, November 8, 2016 held at 10:00am
Meetings are open to all CLA Members
New Feature for current VLA members;
Classified advertisements listed in "News" category tab. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com for advertising details
Wish you too could have joined us at our May 17th Membership meeting;
(above- Mike Percy of DIA)
Member Meetings
NEXT General Membership Meeting – Tuesday September 20, 2016
Guest speaker: Brett Painter (Partner), Attorney at Law with Davis, Graham & Stubbs, LLP
5:30PM Networking time, 6:00PM business meeting commence. Join us at our NEW LOCATION:
Athenian Restaurant 15350 E LLliff Avenue, Aurora, CO 80013
Open to all licensed operators and industry support vendors. Register for this event under the "Events" tab
Become a Member
The members of the Colorado Limousine Association (CLA) represent the finest luxury transportation companies who provide chauffeur-driven transportation to corporations and private clients throughout the Mile High State. Members must be fully licensed and insured, and adhere to all of the state's safety laws.
The CLA was created to ensure that Colorado operators are treated fairly by legislators, enforcement officers and governing bodies.


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Wes Peet
member for 8 years, 5 months, 13 days
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I am a retired aerospace manager with an interest in genealogy both in my own ancestry and in helping others find their "roots".
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Anna Jaech
Peets in Bellefontaine
I haven't yet received the Peet info you found. There is no hurry. I just want to make sure I didn't miss them.
Added by
Anna Jaech
on Jun 17, 2016 11:28 AM
Thanks for letting me know...I gave Jim my data. Kathy
Added by
on May 06, 2016 6:44 PM
RE: Charles Bloom# 42869030
Hi Wes,
Transferred Charles to you. I am willing to transfer relatives just as long as they are not related to me.
Added by
on Apr 30, 2016 12:05 AM
Marilyn Lane
RE: Deborah Beecher Peet
Deborah Beecher Peet is on the FindaGrave.com website. She's buried in the Oakwood Cemetery in Penfield, Monroe Co., New York. She was the wife of Ebenezer Peet.
Added by
Marilyn Lane
on Apr 28, 2016 7:23 PM
Marilyn Lane
Deborah Beecher Peet
Hi Wes: I was wondering where you got the death date of 27 Sep 1773 for Deborah Beecher Peet? I have your book and it shows on pg 113 birth dates of either 1769 or 1775.
Marilyn Lane
Added by
Marilyn Lane
on Apr 28, 2016 12:10 PM
Charles Bloom# 42869030
Hi Wes,
Thank you for the info you provided for Charles. Are you related to the above Bloom/Peet? I can transfer him to you as I am not related.
Added by
on Apr 28, 2016 1:04 AM
None to be Forgotten
Euretta Peet
Oops! Forgot to mention that she is listed as "Unknown Peet" on the Iowa site.
Added by
None to be Forgotten
on Apr 24, 2016 11:30 AM
None to be Forgotten
Euretta Peet
I am working from the website www.iowagravestones.org. This is a copy of the record from that site:
Norwich Cemetery
Jones County, Iowa
Uploaded 2/24/2012 by
marshasamm [Email]
Wifr of John G Peet
Died: Jan. 8, 1870
Aged: 17Y 5M ?D"
There is a photo of the stone. The last digit of the death year is marred so I have to take the word of the one who was there and read it firsthand. Please put through an edit if the year is listed incorrectly.
Added by
None to be Forgotten
on Apr 24, 2016 11:29 AM
Steven Tynan
RE: Picture of Henry King Memorial
His wife is not included in the Memorial Park Cemetery burials list. However, as you can see in the first photo, there is a big space next to his grave which looks like it might have been intended for her.
Added by
Steven Tynan
on Dec 07, 2015 1:07 PM
Mary Jo
RE: Miles Meacham 85097348
Sorry, I did not understand. Thank you!
Added by
Mary Jo
on Nov 15, 2015 10:43 AM
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Make A Wish
Credit: Sandy Honig
Creative #: 103105504
Licence type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libellous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
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- Report: #130070
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Complaint Review: Orbit Telecom, Enhanced Services Billing Inc.
Orbit Telecom, Enhanced Services Billing Inc.www.sbc.com Internet U.S.A.
Orbit Telecom, Enhanced Services Billing Inc. ripoff dishonest fradulent billing scam Republic Missouri
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/03/2005 08:45 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Orbit-Telecom-Enhanced-Services-Billing-Inc/internet/Orbit-Telecom-Enhanced-Services-Billing-Inc-ripoff-dishonest-fradulent-billing-scam-Repu-130070. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Take a sneak peek at the new NIST.gov and let us know what you think!
(Please note: some content may not be complete on the beta site.).
NIST Authors in Bold
|Jack A. Stone Jr.; Alois Stejskal; Lowell P. Howard;
|Absolute Interferometry With a 670 nm External Cavity Diode Laser
|October 01, 1999
|In the last few years there has been much interest in the use of tunable diode lasers for absolute interferometry. Here we report on the use of an external cavity diode laser operating in the visible (λ{approximately} 670 nm) for absolute distance measurements. Under laboratory conditions we achieve better than 1 υm standard uncertainty in distance measurements over a range of 5 m, but significantly larger uncertainties will probably be more typical of practical measurements where conditions are far from ideal. In this paper we analyze the primary sources of uncertainty limiting the performance of wavelength-sweeping techniques for absolute interferometry, and we discuss how errors can be minimized. Many errors are greatly magnified when using the wavelength sweeping technique; sources of error that are normally relevant only at the nanometer level (when using standard interferometric techniques) may be significant here for measurements at the micrometer level.
|Applied Optics
|No. 28
|absolute distance,distance measurement,external cavity laser diode,interferometry,interpolation errors,optical mixing,periodic errors,wavelength shifting,wavelength sweeping
|Research Areas:
|Metrology, Manufacturing


text:
Have you ever flipped through an entertainment magazine while standing in line at the grocery store and wondered how your favorite celebrity looks so darn good all the time? While designer clothes and a stylist may be part of the answer, the real secret is this: tailored clothing. Tailored clothes are clothes made to match your measurements, so they fit better and look better.
If you're used to buying your clothes at the mall and wearing them as-is, have ever been frustrated that a garment you made from a pattern still doesn't fit just right, or have struggled with picking out patterns that will produce flattering garments, tailored clothes will open up a whole new world for you. Clothes that truly fit will make you look better: taller, slimmer and more evenly proportioned. It may be hard to believe, but it's completely true.
Before you make a beeline towards the nearest alterations place, you can actually learn to tailor clothes yourself with online tailoring classes. Properly fitting clothes aren't reserved for the rich and famous; in fact, you don't even need to leave your house. With a few sewing lessons you can achieve great fit (and have all your friends asking if you joined a gym). You'll be looking at your wardrobe from a new perspective in no time.
While everyone can benefit from tailored clothes, some body types will find it to be more of a necessity than others.
If you've recently lost a lot of weight, tailoring your clothes might be non-negotiable. It can be tempting to celebrate a new figure with a brand new wardrobe, but with the time and money you would spend shopping or sewing new clothes, you would be better off channeling that energy into making the clothes you already have fit your new body. Reworking your current wardrobe will help you breathe new life into old favorites and hang on to quality pieces you don't want to let go of.
If you are petite and tired of drowning in blouses or tripping over pant legs that are miles too long, tailoring your clothes will make you wonder how you ever got dressed in the morning before you discovered the secret to great fitting clothes. Clothing stores with petite lines are few are far between, and even if you go the route of sewing your own clothes you are bound for disappointment: commercial patterns are sized for a woman who is 5'5" (that is to say, not petite). Tailoring your clothes will resolve fit issues across the board.
Plus size women will also benefit from tailored clothing. Tailored clothes will play up the parts of your figure you want to emphasize and skim over problem areas. Craftsy has a class catering to the unique fit issues of plus size women: check out Plus-Size Pattern Fitting and Design.
Anyone can reap the benefits of tailored clothing. Clothes are mass-produced, but people aren't. That's why you might find yourself putting back an otherwise amazing skirt because the waist is too big in one size and too small in the next size down. You can learn how to tailor ready-to-wear with Craftsy's Tailoring Ready to Wear class. You'll learn what can easily be altered, including hems and waistbands. Nothing in your closet will be safe, and a trip to the mall will be even more fun when know what can take something from "okay" to "amazing." If you like to dig around in thrift or vintage stores, knowing which fit issues you can easily fix means you can find twice as many treasures.
If your style is already more custom than ready-to-wear, or if you are ready to advance your sewing skills to garment construction, consider starting from scratch with your own wardrobe basics by taking tailoring classes online.
Any list of wardrobe essentials is likely to include a crisp button-down shirt. They can be dressed up or down, easily transition through the seasons and (theoretically) work on a variety of figures, so they provide any number of outfit possibilities. In fact, if "business dress" is part of your career path, you might feel like you live in button-down shirts Monday-Friday. Buying one with sleeves the right length that doesn't also gap at the bust and is available in the color you want might seem a really good dream. Craftsy's Classic Tailored Shirt class can make that daydream into reality. You'll end up with a perfectly fitted shirt, in just the right color, and enough confidence in your sewing skills to make a dozen more.
After you have a great fitting shirt, pants should be next on your list. Many people struggle to find a great fitting pair of pants off the rank. In Craftsy's Pant Fitting Techniques class you'll learn how to identify a number fit issues, as well as how to correct them, leaving you with a pair of pants that you'll never want to take off. And you'll never have to go to the mall again.
Anyone who isn't sized like a fit model (pretty much everyone!) can benefit from tailored clothing. You can learn how to tailor your own items, whether you made it yourself or bought it at the mall, with sewing classes. Save the money you would spend on alterations and make another fabulous addition for your wardrobe. Tailored clothes will make you feel instantly pulled together and in love with your closet. Take your designs to a new level.


text:
Priceline founder takes aim at Apple, more than 100 others in patent suitApple joins other major technology companies including Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook as defendants in a new lawsuit from Walker Digital, which founded the travel site Priceline.com.
Walker Digital filed 15 lawsuits on Tuesday, targeting more than 100 companies, including eBay, Walmart, Sony and Groupon, in addition to Apple. The defendants have been accused of stealing inventions owned by Walker Digital, a research and development laboratory for technology patents.
The company was founded in 1994, and it said in a statement that its inventions are covered by more than 400 issued and pending U.S. and foreign patents. Walker Digital claims that its inventions generate direct licensing revenue that exceeds $200 million.
"Filing these lawsuits is not a step we sought or preferred," Walker Digital Chief Executive Jon Ellenthal said in a statement. "We have reached out to a wide range of companies that are engaging in commercial activities that clearly depend on inventions created and owned by Walker Digital. Unfortunately, many of these companies have refused to engage in meaningful negotiations that acknowledge the market value they derive from the use of our property."
The greatest success for privately held Walker Digital has been Priceline.com, which it launched in 1998. The travel service went public in 1999, and the next year Jay S. Walker, founder of Walker Digital, left Priceline to focus on new ventures.
Walker Digital has accused Apple and dozens of other technology companies of illegally using inventions it claims to have created in the mid-to-late 1990s. The complaint was filed Tuesday in a U.S. District Court in Delaware.
"We are disappointed that after reaching out to so many companies in an effort to secure reasonable licenses, we were consistently told that without litigation our requests would not be taken seriously," Ellenthal said. "Few inventors can bear the costs of patent lawsuits and most large companies know they can take advantage of smaller inventors who cannot afford the millions of dollars that just one patent lawsuit can cost.
"At Walker Digital, we dont believe that less innovation or more litigation serves anyones long-term interests. However, the unwillingness of those companies using our property to enter into joint commercial agreements has forced us to take an action that we had hoped to avoid."
On Topic: patents
- Future iPhones might collect fingerprints, photos of thieves
- Apple-licensed iPod navigation patent invalidated by US regulatory agency
- Apple patent details visual-based AR navigation, confirms Flyby Media acquisition
- Apple awarded pair of 3D user interface patents related to computer vision
- Judge says 'common sense' not enough to invalidate patent in Arendi v. Apple & Google


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Skip to Section Subnavigation Skip to Page Content
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$('.landing-slideshow ul.news').cycle({
fx: 'fade',
speed: 1000,
timeout: 5000,
random: 1,
pager: '#slideshowpager'
$('.landing-slideshow ul.news').cycle({
fx: 'fade',
speed: 1000,
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"Education begins as a celebration and exploration of the human condition and emerges as an awareness of the greater moral imperative to others. There is movement from thought to action."
There are countless reasons why Germantown Friends School is recognized as a truly great and singular independent Quaker school, why it is cherished by the community and why it remains inimitable. At GFS, Meeting for Worship and the Quaker Testimonies—Simplicity, Peace, Integrity, Community, Equality and Stewardship—underscore all that we do.
Meeting (unprogrammed, silent, reflective communal time) is a weekly event, experienced school-wide. This foundation is reinforced by our annual celebration of two testimonies, which serve as curricular threads and inform all of our work throughout the school year. This year, we will focus on the testimonies of Peace and Community.
At GFS, we do not preach our beliefs and values, we practice them.
Because we believe that every individual has "that of God within," the search for and celebration of each student's inner light extends well beyond the walls of the Meetinghouse. For us, the arts, community involvement, the life of the mind, the care of the body and the inclusion of distinct voices and perspectives are concomitants of the GFS mission. They are buoyed by our steadfast commitment to creating and maintaining a diverse community of students, faculty, staff and administration.
At GFS, our philosophy of education and our mission go hand-in-hand.
Enthusiasm, creativity and goodwill abound here at school, whether in our fifth-grade May Day celebration; Lower School math in action; the hubs of creative expression that are our art studios; the development of leadership skills in our Upper School clubs and affinity groups; the transcendent sound of the choir; or great competition on our playing fields. Each day, I witness joy in learning, celebrations of individuality and demonstrations of community involvement.
At GFS, we truly live our mission.
I encourage you to explore these pages, taking particular care to look for those places where you can see your child—or, if you're a student, yourself—searching, learning, growing, being challenged, discovering a distinct inner light and thriving. I am wholeheartedly confident that, in doing so, GFS will come to feel like your home, too.


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|Back to home > Search Home
Anthropology Department
The Anthropology Department library contains books pertaining to cultural and physical anthropology, archaeology, human evolution, a wide variety of books on American Indians and many more anthropological texts.
Search Tips
The Departmental Collections Catalog provides access to campus collections apart from those of the main Wesleyan University Library. To add your collection contact Sally Grucan, Cataloging Librarian, Olin Library, x3845.


text:
Ageing star's memorable ramble puts Hollywood firmly into election.
Once an apparently inexhaustible source of humor, American politics is in danger of becoming satire-proof. How do you send up something that's already a self-parody?With the gloss, razzmatazz and focus on personal narratives, it has always been hard to tell where politics ends and showbiz begins. The sight of Clint Eastwood talking to a chair at the Republican Party convention suggests the distinction is now largely academic.
There are few clearer demonstrations of the power of celebrity than the spectacle of members of a party dominated by religious fundamentalist social conservatives going ape over a speaker who is pro-choice, pro-gay marriage and has fathered seven children by five different women, only two of whom managed to get him to the altar.
Eastwood is entitled to be partisan and politically active, but this performance would have shocked many fans. Not because he's right wing - he flagged that many years ago - but because of the yawning chasm between his screen persona and the real person.
Before our eyes, theMan with No Name was revealed as the Man with No Off Button.
The actor who plays taciturn loners came across as the sort of windy old geezer who insists on making speeches at wedding receptions even though he's not entirely sure who's marrying whom.
Celebrity endorsements are based on the premise that we should take notice of what famous people think, even when they venture outside their areas of accomplishment. Americans should bear in mind what Clint had to say on this subject in the Dirty Harry movie The Dead Pool: "Opinions are like ass****; everybody's got one."
Then there's the question of truth. We expect politicians to dissemble, distort and generally be economical with the actualité, as the late English writer and politician Alan Clark (another prolific womaniser) put it in order to get around the parliamentary convention that you can't call another MP a liar.
And politics American-style has never been a sensible pursuit for the fastidious or thin-skinned. Embroiled in a tight election campaign, long-serving Democrat congressman and future president Lyndon Johnson instructed an aide to spread the word that his opponent had an unnatural and illegal interest in farmyard animals.
When the aide protested that it wasn't true, Johnson replied: "I know, but let's make the son of a bitch deny it."
Even so you have to be pretty cynical to expect a politician making a nationally televised address designed to demonstrate his fitness for high office to tell one barefaced porky after another, as Republican vice-presidential candidate Paul Ryan did.
Ryan's speech was so brazenly and demonstrably deceitful that it came as no surprise to learn that in a media interview he'd claimed to have run a marathon in under three hours when it really took him over four. This is like a golfer claiming to have broken par when he actually carded three figures - ie, not an easy mistake to make. In fact, not a mistake at all, just calculated, self-aggrandising dishonesty.
You'd have thought both Eastwood and Ryan would have been more conscious of protecting their brands. Ryan, after all, has been portrayed as a policy heavyweight, a master of detail dedicated to defusing the federal government's budgetary time bomb: principled, intellectually rigorous and, above all, numerate.
Then there was presidential candidate Mitt Romney's more in sorrow than in anger claim that, for America's sake, he had wanted Barack Obama to succeed and was genuinely disappointed that he hadn't. While no doubt intended to strike a chord with independents who fell for Obama in 2008 but may now be experiencing voter remorse, it was also beyond disingenuous given that US politics over the past four years has been defined by the Republicans' relentless campaign to obstruct, de-legitimise and destroy Obama's presidency.
This campaign was launched at a dinner attended by 15 leading Republican congressmen, including Ryan, on the day of Obama's inauguration: January 20, 2009.
And in October 2010 Republican Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell made it crystal clear that his party's overriding concern wasn't America's indebtedness, its foreign entanglements or the sickly economy: "Our primary goal in Congress is to make Barack Obama a one-term president."
What would be the response to a scriptwriter who pitched the following premise for a satiric study of American politics: an idealistic young Afro-American running against a fat cat from central casting, a fabulously rich white corporate raider who shifts his money around the world to avoid paying tax and is backed by a shadowy, unaccountable cabal of ruthlessly self-interested billionaires.
Probably something like: "Too contrived, too crude and, if you'll pardon the expression, too
black and white. Back to the drawing board."
By: God_Himself
In: Politics
Tags: USA, Politics, Eastwood, Chair, Republicans, Democrats, Humor
Location: United States (load item map)
Views: 3335 | Comments: 20 | Votes: 2 | Favorites: 0 | Shared: 0 | Updates: 0 | Times used in channels: 2
Comment of user 'buoymarker' has been deleted by author (after account deletion)!
The author Paul Thomas is a novelist and is a full-time lefty who writes a column for the NZ Herald (strongly left wing).
Here's his silly biased junk:
"The actor who plays taciturn loners came across as the sort of windy old geezer who insists on making speeches at wedding receptions even though he's not entirely sure who's marrying whom."
Clint Eastwood is an accomplished actor, director and producer. Thomas' real issue is that Eastwood is opposite in politics to himself.
Thomas More..
Posted Sep-8-2012 By
(2) | Report
@God_Himself Doh! He's a lefty. Doh!
Does that answer the question for you?
How's that impoverished 100% place going? Keeping it running by employing electrical workers while you use up valuable Internet time?
Fact 1.
Australia subsidizes the NZ economy under the CER agreement $3.5 billion annually.
Posted Sep-9-2012 By
(-1) | Report
You're such an angry little troll lol
$3.5 billions??
I really hope so (if it's true) and I'd like NZ to extract a lot more than that if possible lol
By the way, I live in China and my business is responsible for sending so much Chinese crap to your wonderful island and making shit load of money for my trouble lol
Thank you cousin lol
I will keep posting Paul Thomas' articles just to keep pissing you off lol
Posted Sep-10-2012 By
(-1) | Report
didn't read entire article, but first two paragraphs emphasized what I was already thinking.
You are an attention whore USA.
Pick a prize pig already, you aren't the Queen of the barn dance anymore.
Careful you don't ruffle turkey feathers.....you may need those...
It's coming right at us!!
Do'en you fuck with my shitty walls!!!
Posted Sep-8-2012 By
(0) | Report
Comment of user 'ixtlanas' has been deleted by author (after account deletion)!
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Residents in one Florida community are outraged after finding business cards and fliers on their homes and cars from the KKK.
Turns out the hate group is looking for new members.
Some card recipients weren't sure if the cards were targeted towards them or were handed out to everyone.
According to the Imperial Klans of America web site, groups flyers must be handed out to everyone and cannot target one house. But explain that to the African American, Hispanic and Jewish residents who received the cards and who now fear for their safety.


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PAWTUCKET, R.I. -- Ryan Kalish knows he may never be the same player who made an immediate impact for the Boston Red Sox during the 2010 season, but now that he's a step closer to returning to the big leagues, the 24-year-old outfielder believes he could be even better.
It's been a long and arduous rehab process for Kalish after undergoing both shoulder and neck surgery last September. When he arrived at spring training in February, he slowly began baseball activities and when camp broke, he remained in Fort Myers, Fla.
Finally, on May 26, he was activated from the disabled list and played three games at Single-A Salem where he went 4-for-12 with one home run and one RBI. He was transferred to Double-A Portland on May 31 and played three games for the Sea Dogs, going 2-for-9.
Kalish made his debut at Triple-A Pawtucket on Tuesday and went 2-for-2 with a home run, three RBIs, three walks, three runs scored and a stolen base.
"It's just awesome to be here with my friends and playing the game again at a good level," Kalish said. "I'm trying to get comfortable and get it back. Well, I can't say 'get it back' because what I had is gone. Now it's a new time and I'm here and need to have fun, really. I'm just trying to keep it real simple."
The Red Sox selected Kalish in the ninth round of the 2006 draft and he quickly climbed the organizational ladder, making his major league debut with Boston in 2010.
He hit .252 with four homers and 24 RBIs in 53 games for the Red Sox that season and proved he could produce at that level. He was on the fast track to becoming an everyday player in the big leagues.
Then came the disappointing 2011 season.
Kalish was limited to 24 games due to injuries that eventually required season-ending surgeries in September. He hopes all that adversity is behind him and there are only good things to come.
"Where I was as a player, if you focus on trying to become the same guy, you could lose what you could be. Shoot, you never know," he said. "I was thinking because I had such a long time to think that it got to a point I was always thinking about whether I would be the same player.
"Now I'm realizing I'm not the same person I was in 2010. I'm always wondering if I could be up to the same par, but really, if I keep an open mind and play the game hard, there's potential I could be better. But I think if you're striving toward that goal, it could almost get in the way of where you want to be. I'm really not thinking about anything I've done in the past. I'm just trying to get comfortable here and play. That's it."
Kalish described his rehab process to return to this level as long.
"The first six years of my career felt like a breeze and the last year felt like my whole life, like eternity," he said. "It was a tough process because there were no certain injuries and we were always searching for what was going on. I was going all over the country, talking with different doctors and getting different opinions. When it's clear-cut it's easier to deal with, but it was just stressful. Going that entire year, thinking I wouldn't need surgery and then all of a sudden I needed two surgeries.
"The first few days I threw a ball after my surgery it was so painful, but that's part of the process. It's just so crazy to look back and think about all the people who have helped me and I'm grateful for that because there was a lot of work to be done, not just on my body, but on my mind."
Physically he's in a good place. Emotionally he's content. Mentally he's prepared for his next opportunity.
"Obviously it's right here now. I'm in Triple-A, obviously you can go down, but I hope not. There's only one more level to go and that's to the big leagues," he said. "I feel like if you start to reach out for that goal and try to grab it and start to think about, 'Oh, if I do good tonight I'll get called up tomorrow' and that turns into a mental block. I'm here and I'm going to work on my game, get quality at-bats and that's really it."
Kalish may describe himself as a different player now than he was a few years ago, but his goal is still the same. The hard-nosed, relentless style of play that helped him reach the big leagues in 2010 won't change either, despite his injuries.
"Now I feel like, especially right now because I'm still dealing with some aches here or there and that's part of baseball, but I'm only seven months out of a surgery that for some guys it could take up to two years to feel good, so I know right now it's probably best to pick and choose my spots a little better," Kalish said. "Obviously, if there's a wood wall or a metal wall, I don't know if I'll jump into it, but here there are pads so if I get a ball maybe I'll go for it.
"You just need to be smart and you're not invincible. Sometimes I felt like that a couple of years ago when I could dive on a warning track and not get hurt, but obviously it caught up with me."


text:
Premier League – Yahoo! Fantasy Premier League Message Board
Spoonthumb Spoonthumb Sep 14, 2013 12:39 Flag
Last season I won my leagues cup for the Most Entertaining Team of the season 2012-2013. Yeah! Get in There! Really though my point is that with 150 million so many people are picking the same players. How boring that anyone trying for top spot has RVP in their team this week. Blah. I will keep on entertaining my fellow league members with some bizarre picks and maybe get top six if I'm lucky. Who cares? It's only a game!Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
A Yahoo! User Sep 14, 2013 13:45 Flag
If you want to win, I think RvP is a logical pick as captain this week... It was highly unlikely that he wouldn't score today. It's only a game, yes, but what's the point of playing if you're not going for the win?
Still, I try to pick some less likely players too to make the difference, for example Ward-Prowse and Robbie Brady this week. We'll see :-)
- 1 Reply to A Yahoo! User
Spoonthumb Spoonthumb Sep 14, 2013 19:24 Flag
Yeah but having so much money means no brainers are the same for everyone and therefore may as well be taken out of the game. The whole thing is made more exciting for me by gambling. I don't have the time to sit by my computer and barn door all next weeks players so I try to have as much fun as possible.


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