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Permaculture Design Certificate Course with Finger Lakes Permaculture Institute. Permaculture Design Certificate Course Join our 12th Course: July 25 – August 10, 2014 Since 2005, we've been offering the full internationally-recognized Permaculture Design Certificate curriculum, preparing students to put their new design skills to work immediately.
Join this year's class and immerse yourself in a discipline that is catching on across the globe as a practical, yet revolutionary way to create an abundant and sustainable life. We train people of all backgrounds, ages, experience and skills to design using natural patterns based on ecological principles. This year's teaching staff includes Michael Burns, Steve Gabriel, Karryn Olson-Ramanujan, and Rafter Sass Ferguson, plus guest presenters from the local permaculture community. Begin with dinner on Friday, July 25th and end with your crew of graduates and new colleagues on Sunday morning August 10th, 2014.
Unknown Mathematician Proves Elusive Property of Prime Numbers. On April 17, a paper arrived in the inbox of Annals of Mathematics, one of the discipline's preeminent journals.
Written by a mathematician virtually unknown to the experts in his field — a 50-something lecturer at the University of New Hampshire named Yitang Zhang — the paper claimed to have taken a huge step forward in understanding one of mathematics' oldest problems, the twin primes conjecture. Editors of prominent mathematics journals are used to fielding grandiose claims from obscure authors, but this paper was different. Written with crystalline clarity and a total command of the topic's current state of the art, it was evidently a serious piece of work, and the Annals editors decided to put it on the fast track. Daft Punk: the midas touch. It is a peculiar experience meeting the most famous faceless musicians in the world.
Daft Punk are certainly well known. Eight years after their last album, their influence can be felt throughout dance music and beyond. The Center of all Things. Carl Sagan - THE sentence ! Colliding Black Holes, A Second Grader, AND Neil deGrasse Tyson. Could This Video Get More Awesome? NASA Starts Work on Real Life Star Trek Warp Drive. 7 sets Venn Diagram. Teach a Kid to Argue - Figures of Speech. Why would any sane parent teach his kids to talk back?
Because, this father found, it actually increased family harmony. (First published in Disney's Wondertime Magazine. The article was nominated for a 2007 National Magazine Award.) Those of you who don't have perfect children will find this familiar: Just as I was withdrawing money in a bank lobby, my 5-year-old daughter chose to throw a temper tantrum, screaming and writhing on the floor while a couple of elderly ladies looked on in disgust. (Their children, apparently, had been perfect.) She blinked a couple of times and picked herself up off the floor, pouting but quiet. "What did you say to her?" I explained that "pathetic" was a term used in rhetoric, the ancient art of argument.
Under my tutelage in the years that followed, Dorothy and her younger brother, George, became keenly, even alarmingly, persuasive. Biologist and computer scientist discover the 'anternet' A collaboration between a Stanford ant biologist and a computer scientist has revealed that the behavior of harvester ants as they forage for food mirrors the protocols that control traffic on the Internet.
On the surface, ants and the Internet don't seem to have much in common. But two Stanford researchers have discovered that a species of harvester ants determine how many foragers to send out of the nest in much the same way that Internet protocols discover how much bandwidth is available for the transfer of data. The researchers are calling it the "anternet. " Deborah Gordon, a biology professor at Stanford, has been studying ants for more than 20 years.
When she figured out how the harvester ant colonies she had been observing in Arizona decided when to send out more ants to get food, she called across campus to Balaji Prabhakar, a professor of computer science at Stanford and an expert on how files are transferred on a computer network. Harvester ants.
Animals conscious say leading neuroscientists. Tweets vs. Likes: What gets shared on Twitter vs. Facebook? It always strikes me as curious that some posts get a lot of love on Twitter, while others get many more shares on Facebook: What accounts for this difference?
Some of it is surely site-dependent: maybe one blogger has a Facebook page but not a Twitter account, while another has these roles reversed. But even on sites maintained by a single author, tweet-to-likes ratios can vary widely from post to post. So what kinds of articles tend to be more popular on Twitter, and which spread more easily on Facebook? An Unexpected Ass Kicking. Men Throwing Rocks With The Other Hand. El Patrón de los Números Primos: Prime Number Patterns. BLS Jobs By Industry Treemap.
We Stopped Dreaming (Episode 2) - A New Perspective. Computer program 'evolves' music from noise. Evolutionary processes in DarwinTunes.
Songs are represented as tree-like structures of code. Each generation starts with 100 songs; however, for clarity, it only follows one-fifth of them. Twenty songs are randomly presented to listeners for rating, and the remaining 80 survive until the next generation; thus, at any time, the population contains songs of varying age.
Of the 20 rated songs, the 10 best reproduce and the 10 worst die. Reproductives are paired and produce four progeny to replace themselves and the dead in the next generation. The Scale of the Universe 2. Brain Workshop - a Dual N-Back game. Introduction - Download - Tutorial - Details & Options - Donate Dual N-Back exercise featured in Brain Workshop was the subject of an April 2008 peer-reviewed scientific study which shows that practicing the Dual N-Back task for 20 minutes 4-5 days per week will improve your working memory (short term memory) and fluid intelligence.
This Wired article has a good summary of its benefits. If you've never tried Dual N-Back before, here's a quick tutorial to get you started. Dual 1-Back It's best to begin with Dual 1-Back, the simplest mode. Launch Brain Workshop.Press Space to enter the Workshop.Press M to switch to Manual mode.Press F1 to decrease the N-back level to 1.Press Space to begin a Dual 1-Back session. Evidence: Simplified Comic « Don in Massachusetts. Sigur Rós: Ekki múkk (moving art)
Amazing optical illusion or "glitch in the Matrix"? - The Feed Blog. (CBS News) Watching this video is a bit like seeing a "glitch in the Matrix".
Is it impressive? Without a doubt. QuickThing15: dazzling wind map « itsallonething. Mar 28, 2014 Posted by Martin Harrison How to Do Guest Blogging Safely When we talk about safety in guest blogging we aren't talking about wearing a helmet or goggles when you're sitting in front of your computer, typing your article.
We're talking about safe links. . … Man Successfully Flies With Custom-Built Bird Wings. Update 1:06pm PDT: A Dutch artist named Floris Kaayk has admitted that "Human Birdwings" was an elaborate hoax 8 months in the making. Update 2:15 pm PDT: We have a follow-up report documenting inconsistencies both in the video and Smeets' online resumes.
Update 11:15 am PDT: The headline of this post has been changed to reflect that we have not confirmed Smeets' claim. Editor's note (March 21, 8:15 am PDT): The authenticity of this video has been questioned (Gizmodo, The Register), but Wired's preliminary analysis by physicist Rhett Allain found nothing in the video that indicates it must be a fake. We are contacting other experts and will update this post when we have more information. Jarno Smeets has not yet responded to several interview requests. Dear Human, Peter Diamandis interviewed by Jeff Walker about his book "Abundance" Spider silk spun into violin strings. 4 March 2012Last updated at 19:59 ET By Jason Palmer Science and technology reporter, BBC News More than 300 spiders were used to generate the thousands of strands of silk making up each string A Japanese researcher has used thousands of strands of spider silk to spin a set of violin strings.
The strings are said to have a "soft and profound timbre" relative to traditional gut or steel strings. That may arise from the way the strings are twisted, resulting in a "packing structure" that leaves practically no space between any of the strands. The strings will be described in a forthcoming edition of the journal Physical Review Letters. Video explains the world's most important 6-sec drum loop. The Muppets Attack Fox News. Study: Stem cells may aid vision in blind people. The first use of embryonic stem cells in humans eased a degenerative form of blindness in two volunteers and showed no signs of any adverse effects, according to a study published by The Lancet on Monday.
Publication in the peer-reviewed journal marks an important step for embryonic stem cells, which were hailed as a miracle cure after they were discovered in 1998 but then ran into technical and political hurdles. The results of the cautious first-stage test, designed to evaluate whether the treatment is safe, had been previously announced by Massachusetts biotech firm Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) Inc. The positive outcome in the United States opened the way to the first trials in Europe, which began on Monday.
Embryonic stem cells are extraordinarily versatile cells, found in early-stage embryos, that can differentiate into any tissue of the body. Scientists have been hoping to turn them into replacement for tissue lost through disease or lost in accidents or war. SOPA Outrage Is Breaking the Senate's Websites. Controlled Quantum Levitation on a Wipe'Out Track. Trash. A guy style yoga dance breakdance .... most beautiful extreme sport. Watch flying robots build a 6-meter tower. A quadrotor just before a precision landing on a brick (credit: Markus Waibel/ETH Zurich) ETH Zurich roboticists and architects used a fleet of quadcopters to build a 6 meter (20 feet) twisting tower out of 1500 foam bricks, IEEE Spectrum Automaton reports.
The ceiling of the room where the assembly is taking place was equipped with a motion-capture system. A computer uses the vision data to keep track of the quadcopters and tell them where to go. First, the robots grab foam bricks from a special brick dispenser on the ground. Cartier: "Painted Love" by AIR. Planet confirmed that could have water. Kepler-22b is the first confirmed planet in the "habitable zone," the area around a star where a planet could exist with liquid water on its surface, that has been discovered by NASA's Kepler mission. The planet's radius is about 2.4 times that of the Earth. It is located about 600 light years away.
An Ingenious Way to Financially Bootstrap a Resilient Community. Brand New Windowfarms- Vertical Food Gardens by The Windowfarms Project. Money. A Town in New York Creates Its Own Department Store. THE residents of Saranac Lake, a picturesque town in the Adirondacks, are a hardy lot — they have to be to withstand winter temperatures that can drop to 30 below zero. But since the local Ames department store went out of business in 2002 — a victim of its corporate parent's bankruptcy — residents have had to drive to Plattsburgh, 50 miles away, to buy basics like underwear or bed linens. High speed video reveals the bizarre physics of an ordinary water droplet. Time Lapse View from Space, Fly Over.


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NORTH DARTMOUTH, Mass. -- The fifth-ranked University of Southern Maine baseball team swept the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth this afternoon in a Little East Conference doubleheader, defeating the Corsairs 7-4 and 15-5.
The Huskies (14-5) remain unbeaten in the conference circuit with a 4-0 mark, while the Corsairs dropped their first Little East set of the season.
Southern Maine 7, UMass Dartmouth 4
The top of the Southern Maine order accounted for eight of its nine hits in Game 1, led by freshman Paul McDonough (Wells, Maine) with two hits and two runs scored. Sophomore Sam Dexter (Oakland, Maine) went 2-for-5 with two runs scored and a RBI, while senior Forrest Chadwick (Gardiner, Maine) was 2-for-5 with two runs scored and two runs driven in.
Junior Cory DeMedeiros (Fall River, Mass./Dufee) reached safely in three of his four appearances with two singles and a walk to pace the UMass Dartmouth offensive attack. Classmate Ben Monteiro (Swansea, Mass./Case) and junior Ryan Medeiros (Acushnet, Mass./New Bedford) each had two hits for the hosts.
The Huskies cracked the scoring column in the top of the first, when McDonough led off with a double and senior John Carey (South Portland, Maine) followed with a single. Dexter hit the ball to the right side of the infield to drive in McDonough.
The Corsairs utilized a similar approach in the bottom of the second to even the contest at 1-all. Junior Nate Farias (Fall River, Mass./Durfee) laced a double down the left field line and scored on a one-out RBI single by Medeiros.
Southern Maine regained its advantage in its next plate appearance, scoring three runs on three hits. McDonough and Dexter sandwiched a pair of singles between a Huskies out, while Chadwick recorded a RBI single to left field. Chadwick swiped second base and moved to third on an errant throw. The hosts' defensive miscue would prove costly for the hosts as Chadwick later scored on a ground out to third to give the visitors a three-run lead. The Huskies tacked on two insurance runs in the fifth to build a 6-1 advantage.
UMass Dartmouth would not go quietly as the Corsairs pushed across three runs in the bottom of the eighth. Sophomore Matt Russell (Townsend, Mass./North Middlesex) opened the frame with a single to left field and advanced to second on an outfield error. Medeiros dropped a bunt to the left of the pitcher, while sophomore Connor Shaw (Goffstown, N.H.) ripped a double to left field to plate Russell. Junior George Agostini (Rehoboth, Mass./Dighton-Rehoboth) made a productive out to the right side of the diamond to drive in Medeiros. Classmate Alex Newton (Saco, Maine/Thornton Academy) capped the rally with a sacrifice fly to left field to trim the hosts' deficit to 6-4.
Trailing 7-4 in the bottom of the ninth, the first two UMass Dartmouth batters reached safely. Junior Andrew Richards (South Portland, Maine) quelled the Corsairs' threat by retiring the final three hitters to record his second save of the season.
Sophomore Shyler Scates (Jefferson, Maine/Erskine Academy) earned the victory for the visitors to improve to 4-1 on the campaign. Scates allowed four runs on nine hits, while striking out four in seven-plus innings of work.
Junior Nick Fuller (Acushnet, Mass./New Bedford) limited the Huskies to six runs, five of which were earned, on nine hits, while punching out five over the course of eight innings.
Southern Maine 15, UMass Dartmouth 5
Six Southern Maine players registered multiple hits as the Huskies produced a total of 21 base knocks to earn their second-straight conference doubleheader sweep. McDonough was 4-for-5 from the dish with three runs scored and two RBI, while Dexter went 4-for-6 with three runs driven in. Junior Jake Glauser (Goffstown, N.H) penned three hits into his ledger in five plate appearances.
The Huskies scored four runs in the fourth innning to open a 6-0 advantage. McDonough hit a two-run single to centerfield, while Carey and Dexter followed suit with run producing hits.
The Corsairs responded with a pair of runs in the bottom half of the inning as the hosts loaded the bases with no outs. Farias lifted a fly ball to centerfield that drew a throw to the plate and resulted in a UMass Dartmouth base runner being caught between second and third. Southern Maine had the runner in its sights, but a muffed throw allowed a run to score and the base runner to advance to third. Monteiro would not let the Huskies off the hook as he ripped a RBI single into left field. The visitors avoided any further damage with a ground ball, double play to end the inning.
UMass Dartmouth pushed two runs across the plate in the sixth to cut its deficit to 7-4, but Southern Maine registered three runs in the seventh and five in the ninth to seal the victory.
Sophomore Tyler Leavitt (North Andover, Mass.) threw 5.2 innings to raise his record to 4-1. Leavitt gave up three earned runs, seven hits, and two walks, but struck out five.
Senior Karney Boff (North Dighton, Mass./Dighton-Rehoboth) suffered the setback, allowing six earned runs on 13 hits over the course of six innings.
UMass Dartmouth will return to action at 11 a.m. on Sunday, April 6, when the Corsairs host Plymouth State University in a Little East Conference doubleheader. Southern Maine will also be in action on Sunday, when the Huskies travel to Wheaton College (Mass.).

subset: commoncrawl


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- Report: #981973
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: GPS Movers
GPS MoversInternet United States of America
GPS Movers A Plus Moving & Storage Moving van missing for 42 days with my belongings; finally arrived, co. promised $150 rebate-never came. Internet
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When truck did not arrive on promised date, I began calling, only to be told co. moved, changed its name to GPS Movers & location from Queens to Staten Island. Dozens of calls were made & lies about where the truck was & when it would arrive were told to me.
When after one month later truck was still not here & no info or explanations were given to me, I reported to BBB of New York. Co. then offered $150, verbally, for my 'inconvenience.' (My husband & I are in our late 60's & he had brain surgery in the middle of this period of time which I told them. We slept on the floor of our condo, no furniture, etc.)
Truck finally arrived 41 days later!!! No explanation. No check for $150 ever arrived, even after numerous reports to BBB & even they were told they were sending me $150 to 'resolve' the issue. They nver did! Each time I called I was given a different excuse/answer as to why the check wasn't send out yet, but always told it would be. This all took place in 2011. I don't know if I have any recourse, but I want people to be aware & find ways to protect the consumer from this kind of abuse.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/14/2012 08:09 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/GPS-Movers/internet/GPS-Movers-A-Plus-Moving-Storage-Moving-van-missing-for-42-days-with-my-belongings-fina-981973. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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What Millennial Resumes are Missing: Staying Power
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The following business license permits were issued between March 6 and March 10.
Elms Lawn Care Service, 1911 Daniels Bridge Road.
Katy L, 1121 Brittain Estates Drive.
Mailboxes, Etc., 1720 Epps Bridge Road.
PCS Affordable Computers, 1051 Moreland Drive.
Sew Uniquely Yours, 1360 Windy Creek Drive.
Wright Solutions, 1171 Laurel Point.
The following building permits were issued in Oconee County between March 6 and March 10.
Wright & Wright, applicant: 2,400-square-foot home on 1271 Victoria Road.
Perry Aycock Construction Co., applicant: 2,942-square-foot home on 1081 Godfrey Place.
RJC Builders, applicant: 2,800-square-foot home on 1030 Shady Creek Road.
Emmitt Power, applicant: 2,400-square-foot home on 1151 Liberty Lane.
John Pritchard, applicant: 1,150-square-foot addition on 1510 Old Farmington Road.
K&A Graphics, applicant: sign at 1720 Epps Bridge Road.
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Photos: Omar Narvaez, Felipe Orucuta Face To Face
By Nicolas Samuilov
WBO super flyweight champion Omar Narvaez (38-1, 20KOs) went face to face with his next challenger, Felipe Orucuta (27-1, 23KOs) of Mexico, at the final press conference for Saturday's fight at the Estadio Luna Park in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Orucuta only lost once, a razor-thin ten round decision to Daniel Rosas in 2010. The young Mexican fighter is trained by the legendary hall-of-fame coach Nacho Beristain, who also handles pound-for-pound fighter Juan Manuel Marquez.
narvaez olympian gold medalist, champion and too experienced.Comment by Levity on 05-22-2013
Narvaez reminds me of Bono.Comment by giacomino on 05-22-2013
Narvaez is a hell of a boxer, but he's almost 38 and it wouldn't shock me to see Orucuta upset him.Comment by blak81 on 05-22-2013
Narvaez doesnt get enough credit.Comment by HattonFaithful on 05-22-2013
Still not a fan of Narvaez after his post fight interview of the Donaire fight.Post a Comment - View More User Comments (6)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 1, 2009
|Priority date
|Dec 7, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael G. HINCHEY, Roy Sterritt
|Original Assignee
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (4), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims benefit of provisional application 60/634,459 filed Dec. 7, 2004.
The invention described herein was made by an employee of the United States Government and may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates generally to artificial intelligence and, more particularly, to architecture for collective interactions between autonomous entities.
A synthetic neural system is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. Biological systems inspire system design in many other ways—reflex reaction and health signs, nature inspire systems (NIS)—hive and swarm behavior, fire flies, etcetera, for example. These synthetic systems provide an autonomic computing entity that can be arranged to manage complexity, continuously self-adjust, adjust to unpredictable conditions, and prevent and recover from failures.
A key element of synthetic neural systems is the general architecture of the synthetic neural system. A synthetic neural system is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing autonomic elements that are analogous to neurons in a brain working in parallel to solve specific problems. Unlike general purpose brains, a synthetic neural system is typically configured for a specific application and sometimes for a limited duration.
Synthetic neural systems derive meaning from complicated or imprecise data and are used to extract patterns and detect trends that are too complex to be noticed by either humans or other computer techniques. A trained synthetic neural system can be thought of as an "expert" in the category of information it has been given to analyze. This expert can then be used to provide projections given new situations of interest and answer "what if" questions. Synthetic neural systems, like people, learn by example. Such systems are adapted, changed and reconfigured through a learning process in which results are compared to goals and objectives, and changes are made to the synthetic neural system to conform future results to the goals and objectives. Moreover, learning in both biological systems and synthetic neural systems involves adjustments to connections between the neurons.
With these advances, autonomic entities have been introduced in which software is implemented to aid in the management and maintenance of computer systems, computer programs, and devices, and when combined with other autonomous entities forms a team focused on completing an objective. To accomplish these goals autonomous entities are empowered with tools that can provide self-fixing and self-healing of autonomic components. Currently, autonomous processes may be used to handle failures on computer systems, manage network traffic, optimize manufacturing processes, manage entertainment services, and explore space. These autonomous processes are also referred to as agents. For example, if a process on a computer system fails to execute, the program may be repaired or simply restarted by an autonomic agent. In some cases, the problem is with the autonomic entity itself and the error, when known, may be due to a defective process or physical device. When the autonomous entity encounters an internal error or failure it is expected to manage the failure by either self adjusting or by self healing. A failure to correct can lead to endangerment of the overall mission, causing damage to other autonomous entities, or wasting resources by allowing non-approved entities to gain access to resources and assets.
For the reasons stated above, and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for the management of autonomous entities that can be functionally extracted from the environment upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition. There is also a need for an autonomous entity that adapts itself to changing external requirements. There is a further need for an autonomous entity that performs significant tasks with complete autonomy.
The above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems are addressed herein, which will be understood by reading and studying the following specification.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method is disclosed for managing a system from the received functioning status and operating state of the system. The operating status of the system may be given by one or more of the following indicators: urgency signal, reflex signal, environmental condition, an event condition such as incorrect operation, emergent behavior, failure to perform, and likelihood of jeopardizing completion of the main objective. The operating status and operating condition in this case can be used to generate a stay-alive signal to the system. Such a signal may cause the system to either stay alive, initiate self destruct, or withdraw the stay-alive signal. This aspect addresses the need in the art for the management of autonomous entities that can be functionally extracted from the environment upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition, the need in the art for a synthetic autonomous entity that adapts itself to changing external requirements, and the need in the art for an autonomous entity that performs significant tasks with complete autonomy.
In another aspect, an autonomous system may comprise a plurality of autonomic agents performing a desired task, a messenger autonomic agent, and a coordinating autonomic agent that generates a stay alive signal to one or more of the plurality of autonomic agents based on signals received through the messenger autonomic agent.
In yet another aspect, an autonomous nanotechnology swarm may comprise a plurality of workers composed of self-similar autonomic components that are arranged to perform individual tasks in furtherance of a desired objective.
In still yet another aspect, a process to construct an environment to satisfy increasingly demanding external requirements may include instantiating an embryonic evolvable neural interface and evolving the embryonic evolvable neural interface towards complex complete connectivity. The evolvable neural interface receives and may be capable of generating heart beat and pulse monitor signals, as well as command signals.
In yet another aspect, a computer system may be provided for protecting an autonomic system when encountering one or more anonymous autonomic agents, and the system may include a processor, a storage device coupled to the processor, and software operative on the processor for performing the function of: (i) sending an Alice signal to the anonymous autonomic agent; (ii) monitoring the response of the anonymous autonomic agent to the Alice signal; and (iii) determining the anonymous autonomic agent potential for causing harm to the autonomic system.
Systems, clients, servers, methods, and computer-readable media of varying scope may also be described herein. In addition to the aspects and advantages described in this summary, further aspects and advantages will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by reading the detailed description that follows.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments that may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The detailed description is divided into six sections. In the first section, a system level overview of an embodiment is described. In the second section, embodiments of apparatus are described. In the third section, embodiments of methods are described. In the fourth section, hardware and the operating environments in conjunction with which embodiments may be practiced are described. In the fifth section, particular implementations of embodiments are described. Finally, in the sixth section, a conclusion of the detailed description is provided.
System 100 may also include a first inter-evolvable neural interface (ENI) 106 that might be operably coupled to each of the first plurality of neural basis functions. The NBFs 102 and 104 may be highly integrated, and coupling between the NBFs through the ENI 106 may provide a three dimensional complexity. Thus, when system 100 is implemented on microprocessors such as microprocessor 904 described below with reference to
This embodiment of the inter-ENI 106 may be known as an inter-NBF ENI because the inter-ENI 106 is between or among the NBFs 102 and 104 at the same level within a hierarchy. The embodiment of system 100 illustrated in
System 100 may also operate autonomously. According to an embodiment, a system operates autonomously when it exhibits the properties of being self-managing and self-governing, often termed autonomic, pervasive, sustainable, ubiquitous, biologically inspired, organic or similar. ENI 106 may adapt system 100 by instantiating new NBFs and ENIs and establishing operable communication paths 110 to the new NBFs and the ENIs to system 100. ENI 106 may also adapt system 100 by removing or disabling the operable communication paths 110 to the new NBFs and ENIs. The adapting, establishing, removing and disabling of the communication paths 110 is preferably performed autonomously. Thus, system 100 might satisfy the need for a synthetic neural system that performs significant tasks with complete autonomy.
System 100 may be capable of establishing and removing links to other similarly configured systems (not shown). Thus the system 100 could be self-similar.
The system level overview of the operation of an embodiment is described in this section of the detailed description. Some embodiments may operate in a multi-processing, multi-threaded operating environment on a computer, such as computer 902 in
While the system 100 is not limited to any particular NBF or ENI, for sake of clarity simplified NBFs and a simplified ENI are described.
In the previous section, a system level overview of the operation of an embodiment is described. In this section, particular apparatus of such embodiments are described by reference to a series of block diagrams. Describing the apparatus by reference to block diagrams enables one skilled in the art to develop programs, firmware, or hardware, including such instructions to implement the apparatus on suitable computers, and executing the instructions from computer-readable media.
In some embodiments, apparatus 200-600 may be implemented by a program executing on, or performed by firmware or hardware that is a part of a computer, such as computer 902 in
NBF 200 may include an intra-evolvable neural interface (intra-ENI) 202, which may be operably coupled to a heuristic neural system (HNS) 204 and/or operably coupled to an autonomous neural system (ANS) 206. The HNS 204 may perform high-level functions, while the ANS 206 may perform low-level functions that are often described as "motor functions." In an embodiment of NBF 200, the HNS 204 and the ANS 206 may in aggregate provide a function of a biological neural system. As used herein, the intra-ENI 202 is an ENI that is wholly contained within an NBF, and is therefore prefixed with "intra."
The intra-ENI 202 may send action messages to and receive request messages from the HNS 204 and the ANS 206 during learning and task execution cycles, as well as during interfacing operations between the intra-ENI and the HNS 204 and the ANS 206 when the HNS 204 and the ANS 206 need to be modified as a result of other system failures or modification of objectives. In some embodiments, NBF 200 is preferably a worker NBF because this NBF performs functions, but does not provide instructions commands to other NBFs.
According to some embodiments, the heuristic neural system (HNS) 300 may be composed of a neural net 302 for pattern recognition and a fuzzy logic package 304 to perform decisions based on recognitions. Taken together the neural net 302 and the fuzzy logic package 304 may form a basis for a higher level heuristic intelligence.
The illustrated autonomous neural system (ANS) 400 may include a non-linear dynamics simulation 402 that represents smart servo system behavior
In some embodiments, NBF 500 includes a self assessment loop (SAL) 502 at each interface between autonomic components. Each SAL 502 may continuously gauge efficiency of operations of the combined HNS 204 and ANS 206. The standards and criteria of the efficiency are preferably set or defined by objectives of the NBF 500.
In some embodiments, NBF 500 also includes genetic algorithms (GA) 504 at each interface between autonomic components. The GAs 504 may modify the intra-ENI 202 to satisfy requirements of the SALs 502 during learning, task execution or impairment of other subsystems.
Similarly, the HNS 204 may have a SAL 502 interface and a GA 504 interface to a core heuristic genetic code (CHGC) 506, and the ANS 206 may have a SAL 502 interface and a GA 504 interface to a core autonomous genetic code (CAGC) 508. The CHGC 506 and CAGC 508 may allow modifications to a worker functionality in response to new objectives or injury. According to some embodiments, the CHGC 506 and the CAGC 508 autonomic elements are preferably not part of an operational neural system, but rather store architectural constraints on the operating neural system for both parts of the bi-level system. The CHGC 506 and the CAGC 508 may both be modifiable depending on variations in sensory inputs via GAs 504.
In some embodiments, the CHGC 506 and the CAGC 508 in conjunction with SALs 502 and GAs 504 may be generalized within this self similar neural system to reconfigure the relationship between NBFs, as well as to permit the instantiation of new NBFs to increase the overall fitness of the neural system. Thus, NBF 500 may provide a form of evolution possible only over generations of NBF workers.
In some embodiments, NBF 500 may also include genetic algorithms 510 and 512 that provide process information to the CHGC 506 and the CAGC 508, respectively. Moreover, HNS 204 and ANS 206 may receive sensory input 514 and 516, respectively, and may process the sensory input, thereby generating high level actions 518 and low level actions 520, respectively.
The preferred multiple level hierarchical ESNS 600 may include a first level of hierarchy 602 that may include a NBF 604 and inter-ENI 606 and a ruler NBF 608. A ruler NBF, such as illustrated ruler NBF 608, performs functions and also provides instructions and commands to other subordinate NBFs. Other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
In some embodiments, the ruler NBF 608 of the first hierarchical level 602 may be operably coupled to a ruler NBF 610 in a second hierarchical level 612. Ruler NBF 610 may perform functions and receive instructions and commands from other ruler NBFs that are higher in the hierarchy of the ESNS 600 and may also provide instructions commands to other subordinate NBFs.
As shown in
The third hierarchical level 616 may also include an inter-ENI 618. The third hierarchical level 616 shows the embodiment of an ESNS 600 having more than two NBFs (e.g. 614, 620 and 622) operably coupled to an ENI, although one skilled in the art will know that other configurations fit within the scope of this invention.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, the NBFs 604, 608, 610, 614, 620 and 622 may include the aspects of NBFs 102 and 104 in
While the autonomic entity management system 1300 is shown as discrete autonomic components it should be understood by those skilled in the art that autonomic computing is dependent on many disciplines for its success, including research in agent technologies. The autonomic manager 1302 or system 1304 may be agents themselves containing functionality for measurement and event correlation and support for policy based control.
The functioning status may be represented by a heartbeat monitor (HBM) signal that indicates that the system 1304 is still functioning as designed. A preferred HBM signal may essentially be an "I am alive" signal to the autonomic manager, such as autonomic entity 1302, indicating that the system is functioning. These signals may be communicated from system 1304 through an appropriate bidirectional communication link 1306. The response from the autonomous manager 1302 may use the same link to influence system 1304. The communication link may be one or more radio link, data bus, a call procedure when implemented as software, or any other link presently existing or to be developed for facilitating communication between autonomic elements.
The operating state signal may be represented by a pulse monitor (PBM) signal. The PBM signal may be used by the autonomic entity 1302 or autonomic manager to infer potential warning conditions so preparations can be made to handle changing processing loads, impact on mission objectives, planning for correction, and possible substitute or reassignment of role or functionality to perform the desired objectives of system 1304. Other uses will be known to those skilled in the art. Autonomous manager 1302 may include the additional option of generating a stay-alive signal that might be used to safeguard resources, safeguard the completion of the objectives, and safeguard the system 1304 by removing the offending agent or the sub-component of system 1304. The stay-alive signal may borrow from the process of apoptosis in biological systems for cell self-destruction to maintain growth and protect the biological system from catastrophe. In biological systems, self-destruct is an intrinsic property that is delayed due to the continuous receipt of biochemical reprieves. The process is referred to as apoptosis, meaning "drop out," the origin of the word being derived from and descriptive of dropping of leaves from trees; i.e., loss of cells that ought to die in the midst of a living structure. This process has also been nicknamed "death by default," where cells are prevented from putting an end to themselves due to constant receipt of biochemical stay-alive signals. In the present arrangement, self-destruction may be usable in preventing certain conditions and undesirable emergent behavior that have been shown to influence system performance and thus mission objectives. While self-destruction in some circumstances may be viewed as a last resort to prevent further damage, in other situations, such as security of the agent or system 1304, self-destruction may be used as an intrinsic part of the process, such as blocking the autonomic entity from communicating or using the resources of the system.
As shown in
As shown in
This monitoring by analysis agent 1406 may be based on rules stored in behavior storage 1408, which may be used to compare the actual behavior of the received data to an expected behavior as defined in behavior storage 1408. In the present arrangement, behavior storage 1408 (ruler entity 1402) is shown to comprise a collection of rules that may be updated by a remote computer through the messenger entity that reflects most current fixes (self-healing) or repair procedures and responses to worker entities upon the occurrence of an event, change in condition, or deviation from a normal operation. Behavior storage 1408 may be narrowly tailored based on the use and purpose of the autonomic entity, such as messenger entity 1410 and have only those procedures needed to perform its programming.
When messenger entity 1410 connects to a remote computer at a command and control station, database 1416 may be updated with information that may later be used to program ruler entity or worker entity. In some cases a copy of the rules in database 1416 may contain the most up-to-date information. If the objective changes or a solution to a problem requires an updated version not found within the autonomic entity, the other entities may attempt to contact the messenger entity 1410 to see if more recent or up-to-date information is available. If updates are available, these updates may be sent to the requesting entity for processing.
The information in behavior storage 1408 and databases in the messenger and worker entities may include an array of values that are expected when selected processes or operations are implemented in the respective entity. Examples of processes may be initializing software, timing requirements, synchronization of software modules, and other metrics that may provide information concerning the running of a process within the respective entity. Examples of operations are data gathering, processing of information, controlling machinery, or any other operation where data processing systems are employed. Other examples of processes and operations are known to those skilled in the art. These expected values may be compared to determine if an error condition has occurred in the operation of the entity. An error condition may be analyzed to determine its causes and possible correction. In the case of a worker entity, the error may be internally analyzed to select the appropriate self-healing procedure and the error may be sent to the ruler entity to be analyzed by analysis agent 1406 using the rules in behavior storage 1408. Based on the analysis, the ruler entity may elect to either withdraw the stay-alive signal to the malfunctioning worker entity or wait a selected period to generate one or more stay-alive signal, withdrawal of a stay-alive signal, or a self-destruct signal. If the stay-alive signal is withdrawn, the malfunctioning entity may be disconnected from the operation and the task may then be assigned to another entity or partially performed by the remaining entity to insure its completion.
The autonomous system 1704 may comprise one or more autonomic agent 1708, 1710, and 1712, all performing assigned functions and roles. As noted earlier, roles may be some combination of ruler, messenger, and worker. Functions may include data gathering, communication functions, scheduling, controlling, and security. Other roles and functions will be known to those skilled in the art. Upon detecting anonymous autonomic agent 1702, the assigned autonomous agent for performing security functions for autonomous system 1704 may interrogate the anonymous autonomic agent 1702, requesting production of valid credentials. It should be noted at this point that detection may occur by employing various schemes, such as when the anonymous autonomic agent 1702 requests resources from the system 1704 or from any autonomic entity that forms part of the system, response to polling signals from the autonomous system 1704, or through a friend or foe signal that indicates the presence of a anonymous entity 1702 in proximity to the autonomous system 1704.
To the autonomous system 1704, security may be important because compromises by the accidental misuse of hosts by agents, as well as the accidental or intentional misuse of agents by hosts and agents by other agents, may result in damage, denial-of-service, breach-of-privacy, harassment, social engineering, event-triggered attacks, and compound attacks. To prevent security breaches it may be important to ensure that visiting agents have valid and justified reasons for being there, as well as providing security to the visiting agent with interaction with other agents and hosts. Upon detection, the visiting agent 1702 may be sent an asynchronous Alice signal 1706 requiring valid credentials from the agent 1702. Alice is an acronym that stands for Autonomic license. The anonymous agent 1702 may need to work within the autonomic system 1704 to facilitate self-management, and thus the anonymous agent 1702 and its host may need to be able to identify each other's credentials through something such as an Alice signal. The autonomic system 1704 may establish certain response characteristics for the returned signal from the agent 1702. For example, the autonomic system 1704 may require a response in an appropriate format, within a certain timeout period, and with a valid and justified reason for being within the locust of interest or domain of the autonomous system 1704. Other possible response characteristics will be known to those skilled in the art. For protection the autonomic system 1704 may make an assessment of the quality of the response from the anonymous agent 1702 to ascertain the potential of the agent for causing harm to the autonomous system 1704. Based on this determination, the autonomous system 1704 may control the type of interaction with the agent 1702. The agent may be destroyed, blocked, partially blocked, have its stay-alive signal withdrawn, or be allowed to communicate with other agents within the autonomous system 1704. The protection may be triggered at any level of infraction or by a combination of infractions by the anonymous autonomous agent 1702 when responding to the Alice signal. Failure to identify itself appropriately following an Alice interrogation may result in being blocked from the system and given either a self-destruct signal, or having its "stay alive" reprieve withdrawn. The consequence of unacceptable response by an anonymous agent 1702, should it fail to respond within a timeout period, may be that the agent 1702 is determined to be an intruder or other invalid agent (process) and consequently it may be destroyed and/or excluded from communicating with other agents 1708, 1710, 1712 in the system.
In the previous section, apparatus embodiments are described. In this section, the particular methods of such embodiments are described by reference to a series of flowcharts. Describing the methods by reference to a flowchart enables one skilled in the art to develop such programs, firmware, or hardware, including such instructions to carry out the methods on suitable computers, executing the instructions from computer-readable media. Similarly, the methods performed by the server computer programs, firmware, or hardware may also be composed of computer-executable instructions. In some embodiments, method 700 may be performed by a program executing on, or performed by firmware or hardware that is a part of a computer, such as computer 902 in
Method 700 may include instantiating 702 an embryonic evolvable neural interface (ENI), such as inter-ENI 106. The embryonic ENI may lack a complete specification of the operational characteristics of the ESNS or an ENI. The embryonic ENI may be a neural thread possessing only the most primitive and minimal connectivity.
Method 700 may further include evolving 704 the embryonic ENI towards complex complete connectivity. Specifications of the inter-ENI 106 may be developed from the initial embryonic form. Thus, a very complex problem that in some embodiments is represented by a complete specification may be replaced by a more simple specification of the embryonic ENI that is evolved to meet increasingly demanding requirements. Progression from an embryonic state to a more complex state avoids the necessity of specifying the complex complete connectivity initially, but rather reduces the problem to one of developing methods to drive the evolution of simple limited connectivity to complex complete connectivity.
The adaptive or evolutionary nature of an artificial intelligence construct in method 700 may be predicated on an active revision of the embryonic ENI to meet external action requirements for a sensory input. In particular, the ENI, which preferably handles both the intra-NBF and inter-NBF connectivity, may evolve due to changing conditions that are either driven by training requirements or operational requirements.
In some embodiments, method 700 may be implemented as a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave that represents a sequence of instructions, which, when executed by a processor, such as processor 904 in
Action 1502 may receive a heartbeat monitor (HBM) signal and/or a pulse monitor (PBM) signal from a managed entity such as worker entities 1418 or 1420. The HBM signal may be an indication that the managed entity (worker entity) is operating. The HBM signal may be an "ON/OFF" state signal, an indication that a process is being performed, or any other signal known in the art that can convey information that the worker entity is alive or active. The PBM signal may extend the HBM signal to incorporate reflex/urgency/health indicators from the autonomic manager representing its view of the current self-management state. The PBM signal thus may convey the performance and characteristics of the entity in the form of engineering data summarization to add context to the received HBM signal. Engineering data summarization may include a set of abstractions regarding sensors that may comprise rise and fall of data by a certain amount, external causes for parameter deviations, actual numerical value of the parameters being summarized, warning conditions, alarm conditions, and any other summarization known in the art that would convey the general health of the system. Once the HBM and PBM signals have been received control may be forwarded to action 1504 for further processing.
In action 1504, an analysis of the HBM and PBM signal may be performed to determine trends and possible areas of concern. The purpose of the analysis may be to determine divergence from a predetermined condition, make projection through simulation and data modeling areas of parameters that can lead to the failure of the worker entity or that might jeopardize the assigned mission, and ascertain the quality of performance of the system. Other purposes will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The analysis may be performed by using regression techniques, neural network techniques, statistical techniques, or any other technique known in the art that can convey information about the state of a system or emergent behavior of the system. Once the analysis has been performed, control may pass to action 1506 for further processing.
In action 1506, an alarmed condition may be determined. In action 1506, the analysis of action 1504 may be consulted to determine if there is one or more alarm condition that may trigger the withdrawal of a stay-alive signal. If it is determined that there are no alarm conditions, control may then pass to action 1508 so as to generate a stay alive signal. In the event that an alarm condition is present, control may then pass to action 1510 for further processing.
In action 1510, a determination may be made to ascertain if the identified alarmed condition of action 1506 is recoverable by the managed entity, such as worker entities 1418 and 1420 of
In action 1602, there may be a determination if an incorrect operation from the managed system has been identified in action 1504 of
In action 1604, there may be a determination of emergent behavior from the managed system that has been identified in action 1504 of
In action 1606, a determination may be made of alarm conditions that may have an impact on the success of the mission or task which all entities are striving to accomplish. The impact could be the ability to accomplish individual tasks or the potential for failure of the overall mission by permitting an entity to stay alive. This impact may be determined through Bayesian belief networks, statistical inference engines, or by any other presently developed or future developed inference engine that can ascertain the impact on a particular task if one or more agent is showing incorrect operation or harmful emergent behavior. Once the impact has been determined, the information may be passed to evaluation block 1608 for further processing.
Evaluation block 1608 may marshal the incorrect operation identified in action 1602, the emergent behavior in action 1604, and the effect on the mission in action 1606 to suggest a course of action that the managed entities should adopt, which in some embodiments may be based on a stay-alive signal. The determination of withdrawing or affirming the stay alive signal may be based on the occurrence of one or more of the identified alarmed conditions, or a combination of two or more of the identified alarmed conditions. For example, the stay-alive signal could be withdrawn if there is emergent behavior and there would be an effect on the mission. As one alternative, the stay-alive signal could be affirmed if there was only emergent behavior, or incorrect operation. Once the evaluation is determined, control may pass to decision block 1610 for further processing in accordance to the decision made in evaluation block 1608.
In action 1610, if the desired control instruction is to maintain the stay-alive signal, control may be passed to action 1508 for further processing. In the alternative, a withdrawal of the stay-alive signal may be sent to action 1512 for further processing. It should be noted that generating a stay-alive signal is equivalent to actually generating a stay-alive signal, affirming a stay-alive signal, not withdrawing a stay-alive signal, or any other condition that can determine if an entity is to perish or to extinguish unless allowed to continue by another entity. The other entity may be a managing entity since it can determine the outcome (life or death) of another entity.
In action 1804, the response from the agent may be monitored. Monitored, as used herein, refers to maintaining regular surveillance, or close observation, over an anonymous agent and may include the absence of a signal. For example, not responding with a timeout period is considered, as used herein, as a monitor response. After action 1804 is completed, control may pass to action 1806 for further processing.
In action 1806, the monitored response from action 1804 may be analyzed to determine if the response is in an appropriate format, within a certain timeout period, and with a valid and justified reason for being within the locust of interest or domain of the autonomous system 1704 as shown in
In action 1808, the system may control the future of the anonymous agent based on the potential for harm to the autonomous system. This mimics the mechanism of cell death in the human (and animal and plant) body, and hence makes use of autonomic and other biologically inspired metaphors. The technique might send self-destruct signals to agents that may be compromised, or which cannot be identified as friendly or as having a right to access certain resources. The concept of the Alice signal may be to challenge a (mobile) agent to determine if it is friendly and has permission to access certain resources. If it fails to identify itself appropriately following an Alice interrogation, it may be blocked from the system and given either a self-destruct signal or its stay alive reprieve may be withdrawn.
Computer cluster environment 800 may include a network 802, such as an EtherFast 10/100 backbone, that is operably coupled to a cluster server 804 and a plurality of computers 806, 808, 810 and 812. One embodiment of the computers is computer 902 described below with reference to
One example of the computer cluster environment 800 may be a Beowolf computer cluster. The computer cluster environment 800 provides an environment in which a plurality of ESNSs and NBFs can be hosted in an environment that facilitates cooperation and communication between the ESNSs and the NBFs.
Computer 902 may be communicatively connected to the Internet 914 via a communication device 916. Internet 914 connectivity is well known within the art. In one embodiment, a communication device 916 is a modem that responds to communication drivers to connect to the Internet via what is known in the art as a "dial-up connection." In another embodiment, a communication device 916 is an Ethernet� or similar hardware network card connected to a local-area network (LAN) that itself is connected to the Internet via what is known in the art as a "direct connection" (e.g., T1 line, etc.). Other types of connections are known in the art and may be suitable for the purposes of this invention.
A user may enter commands and information into the computer 902 through input devices such as a keyboard 918 or a pointing device 920. The keyboard 918 permits entry of textual information into computer 902, as known within the art, and embodiments are not limited to any particular type of keyboard. Pointing device 920 permits the control of the screen pointer provided by a graphical user interface (GUI) of operating systems, such as versions of Microsoft Windows� for example. Embodiments are not limited to any particular pointing device 920. Such pointing devices may include mice, touch pads, trackballs, remote controls and point sticks. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like.
In some embodiments, computer 902 may be operatively coupled to a display device 922. Display device 922 may be connected to the system bus 912. Display device 922 may permit the display of information, including computer, video and other information, for viewing by a user of the computer. Embodiments are not limited to any particular display device 922. Such display devices may include cathode ray tube (CRT) displays (monitors), as well as flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In addition to a monitor, computers typically include other peripheral input/output devices such as printers (not shown). Speakers 924 and 926 may provide audio output of signals. Speakers 924 and 926 may also be connected to the system bus 912.
Computer 902 may also include an operating system (not shown) that may be stored on the computer-accessible media RAM 906, ROM 908, and mass storage device 910, and may be executed by the processor 904. Examples of operating systems may include Microsoft Windows�, Apple MacOS�, Linux�, UNIX�. Examples are not limited to any particular operating system, however, and the construction and use of such operating systems are well known within the art.
Embodiments of computer 902 are not limited to any type of computer 902. In varying embodiments, computer 902 may comprise a PC-compatible computer, a MacOS�-compatible computer, a Linux�-compatible computer, or a UNIX�-compatible computer, although one skilled in the art will know that other types of computers may be used to carry out this invention. The construction and operation of such computers are well known within the art.
Computer 902 may be operated using at least one operating system to provide a graphical user interface (GUI), including a user-controllable pointer. Computer 902 may have at least one web browser application program executing within at least one operating system, to permit users of computer 902 to access an intranet, extranet or Internet world-wide-web pages as addressed by Universal Resource Locator (URL) addresses. Examples of browser application programs include Netscape Navigator� and Microsoft Internet Explorer�, although others are known in the art.
The computer 902 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer 928. These logical connections may be achieved by a communication device coupled to, or a part of, the computer 902. Embodiments are not limited to a particular type of communications device. The remote computer 928 may be another computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a client, a peer device or other common network node. The logical connections depicted in
When used in a LAN-networking environment, the computer 902 and remote computer 928 may be connected to the local network 930 through network interfaces or adapters 934, which is one type of communications device 916. Remote computer 928 may also include a network device 936. When used in a conventional WAN-networking environment, the computer 902 and remote computer 928 may communicate with a WAN 932 through modems (not shown). The modem, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 912. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 902, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote computer 928.
Computer 902 may also include power supply 938, which may be a battery.
Similar to the computer cluster environment 800 in
Components of the system 100, apparatus 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 1100, 1200 and method 700 may be embodied as computer hardware circuitry or as a computer-readable program, or a combination of both.
More specifically, in the computer-readable program embodiment, the programs may be structured in an object-orientation using an object-oriented language such as Java, Smalltalk or C++, and the programs may be structured in a procedural-orientation using a procedural-oriented language such as COBOL or C. Other object-oriented and procedural-oriented languages are known in the art. The software components may communicate in any of a number of ways that are well-known to those skilled in the art, such as application program interfaces (API) or inter-process communication techniques such as remote procedure call (RPC), common object request broker architecture (CORBA), Component Object Model (COM), Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), Distributed System Object Model (DSOM) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI) and the like. The components may execute on as few as one computer as in computer 902 in
Referring to
The 3D hierarchical ESNS 1100 may include a ruler subsystem 1102 and four worker subsystems 1104, 1106, 1108 and 1110, as illustrated. Each subsystem in the 3D hierarchical ESNS 1100 may include one or more ESNS such as system 100 or ESNS 600.
The three dimensional architecture of 3D hierarchical ESNS 1100 provides a three dimensional complexity. An implementation of ESNS 600 on a microprocessor such as microprocessor 904, described below with reference to
Referring to
Each spacecraft may be controlled by a subset of NBFs (SNBF) which in aggregate provides the behavior of a subsystem of the mission. For example, a solar sail instrument SNBF 1202 may control sail deployment and subsequent configuration activity much as terrestrial sailors perform navigation and manage propulsion. A spacecraft inter communication subsystem SNBF 1204 may control communication with other workers and rulers. Also, a housekeeping SNBF 1206 may control the spacecraft housekeeping. HNS 1200 may also include a ruler subsystem 1208 to coordinate all activities. Similarly, a spacecraft navigation and propulsion subsystem 1210 may control the navigation and propulsion, matching the navigation and propulsion to the current objectives.
Each spacecraft may be a worker in a totally autonomous space mission. The space mission may be configured as an autonomous nanotechnology swarm (ANTS). In this case, each spacecraft in an ANTS may have a specialized mission, much like ants in an ant colony have a specialized mission. Yet, the HNS architecture of each worker in an ANTS may provide coordination and interaction between each HNS that yields performance of the aggregate of the ANTS that exceeds the performance of a group of generalist workers.
More specifically, the SNBFs within HNS 1200 may have a hierarchical interaction among themselves, much as the workers do in the entire ANTS collective. Hence, although many activities of the spacecraft might be controlled by individual SNBFs, a ruler SNBF may coordinate all of the SNBFs to assure that spacecraft objectives are met. Additionally, to have redundancy for the mission, inactive workers and rulers may only participate if a member of their type is lost. In addition, a hierarchical worker node may collapse to a non-hierarchical one, if all of the available subrulers for that node are lost.
In one particular application of an ANTS, a prospecting asteroid mission (PAM) may survey a large population or surface area targets, such as main belt asteroids. The primary objective of a PAM is typically exploration of the asteroid belt in search of resources and material with astrobiologically relevant origins and signatures. The PAM may include a swarm of approximately 1000 spacecraft that may include approximately 10 types of specialist workers (e.g. HNS 1200) with a common spacecraft bus that is organized into 10 sub-swarms of approximately 100 spacecraft each, having approximately 10 specialist HNSs.
In some embodiments, each individual spacecraft in a PAM may weigh 1 kilogram or less with a one meter diameter body and 100 meter2 solar sails when fully deployed. Each spacecraft may be packaged into a 10 cm2 sided cube. Thus, a swarm of 1000 of these spacecraft may fit into 1 meter3 weighing 1000 kilograms in deployment. Each spacecraft may also include a solar sail propulsion system that requires no expendable supplies and a small nuclear battery that provides sufficient power to each worker. Thus, the prospecting asteroid mission may be self-directed and may possibly be self-sustaining for tens of years.
An evolvable synthetic neural system (ENS) is described. In some embodiments, the ESNS provides a hierarchical approach to the collective interactions of a number of specialized workers who, as an ensemble, accomplish defined goals and objectives while reducing the dynamic range of behaviors required for a given worker. Furthermore, in some embodiments, each type of worker includes a bi-level intelligence: (1) a high level neural system designed to direct the accomplishment of objective related tasks, and (2) an autonomous neural system which functions to enable required motor activities and related functions much as in biological systems. In some embodiments, an ESNS integrates neural functions at both high and low levels and adapts to conditions brought about by changing success criteria for goals and objectives or by degradation of associated systems. In some embodiments, behavior patterns of varying complexity are achieved by using sets of evolvable synthetic neural systems as neural basis functions that are interconnected and are operated in a hierarchical manner. In some embodiments, in which the neural basis functions (NBFs) are two dimensional, a complete hierarchical neural system of a worker composed of sets of NBFs is executed as a three dimensional simulation of a neural system in a two dimensional chip-based processor array for workers with systems composed of more than three subsystems.
In some embodiments, a hierarchical ESNS has self similarity in that any node of the ESNS is composed of a subset of NBFs which in turn possess a sub-ruler NBF which is the point of contact with other nodes and coordinates the activities of other NBF within that node. In some embodiments, a node may lack neural self similarity. In that case, worker NBFs within a node communicate directly with all other nodes including the ruler NBF and function without any sub-ruler NBF coordination.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations. For example, although described in procedural terms, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that implementations can be made in an object-oriented design environment or any other design environment that provides the required relationships.
In particular, one of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the names of the methods and apparatus are not intended to limit embodiments. Furthermore, additional methods and apparatus can be added to the components, functions can be rearranged among the components, and new components to correspond to future enhancements and physical devices used in embodiments can be introduced without departing from the scope of embodiments. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that embodiments are applicable to future communication devices, different file systems, and new data types.
The terminology used in this application is meant to include all environments and alternate technologies which provide the same functionality as described herein.
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|Apr 22, 2003
|Feb 12, 2004
|Neal Solomon
|Methods and apparatus for decision making of system of mobile robotic vehicles
|Aug 29, 2002
|Mar 4, 2004
|Chen Thomas W.
|System and method for solving an optimization problem using a neural-network-based genetic algorithm technique
|Aug 5, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Edwin Addison
|Knowledge-based methods for genetic network analysis and the whole cell computer system based thereon
|Jan 17, 2003
|Aug 5, 2004
|Zubair Ansari
|System and method for active diagnosis and self healing of software systems
|Mar 21, 2001
|Oct 14, 2004
|Andrzej Uszok
|Intelligent software agent system architecture
|Jul 8, 2003
|Jan 13, 2005
|Tamal Bose
|Infinite impulse response multiplierless digital filter architecture
|Jul 16, 2003
|Feb 10, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New York
|Method and system for managing multi-tier application complexes
|Aug 13, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Autonomously moving robot management system
|Jul 29, 2004
|Jun 26, 2008
|Peter Prehm
|Means and Methods For Treating a Disease Which is Associated With an Excess Transport of Hyaluronan Across a Lipid Bilayer
|Nov 5, 1996
|May 14, 1998
|Cyberlife Technology Limited
|Process control
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 21, 2009
|Apr 12, 2011
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Swarm autonomic agents with self-destruct capability
|Dec 3, 2008
|Jan 5, 2016
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Scope and distribution of knowledge in an autonomic computing system
|Dec 3, 2008
|Jun 11, 2009
|Eric Labadie
|Scope and distribution of knowledge in an autonomic computing system
|Oct 21, 2009
|Apr 29, 2010
|U.S.A As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|SWARM Autonomic Agents With Self-Destruct Capability
|U.S. Classification
|706/13, 706/45
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 29, 2005
Owner name: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, UNI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HINCHEY, MICHAEL G.;REEL/FRAME:017106/0938
Effective date: 20050922
|Nov 27, 2006
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STERRITT, ROY, MR.;REEL/FRAME:018553/0203
Effective date: 20061104
|Dec 10, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Cranberry Sorbet
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 3 mins
This recipe was found in the 2001 As You Like It Cookbook. Preparation time does not include the time needed for the finished mixture to freeze.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 cups cranberries, thawed if frozen (fresh or frozen)
- 2 cups granulated sugar
- 1⁄2 teaspoon sea salt
- 4 cups orange juice
- Place all the ingredients EXCEPT 2 cups of the orange juice in a blender & blend until smooth.
- Transfer mixture to a 2-quart saucepan over medium heat & bring to a boil.
- Remove from heat, add remaining 2 cups of orange juice & mix well.
- Pour mixture into a flat plastic 2-quart container & place in the freezer.
- When mixture is completely frozen, cut it with a sharp, sturdy knife into 1 1/2 inch cubes.
- Place cubes in a food processor & process until completely pulverized, then serve immediately or place in a plastic container & return to the freezer until ready to use.
Most Helpful
Delicious! I halved the recipe but otherwise, only changed the final two steps. Instead of waiting until completely frozen and then blending again, I used a fork to scrape through it a couple times during the freezing process. This probably affected the texture a little, making it more like a granita than a sorbet, but I didn't mind that so much. The taste was still excellent! Thanks Syd :) [Made for PAC Spring 2011]
Boy, a Made in America recipe......sweeeeeeeet! (Blending completely takes care of the seed problem.)
This is so delicious and very easy to make. I made a half recipe on Thanksgiving afternoon when weather kept us from going to our original destination and we had a lovely dinner with just our DS and his girlfriend. It was our dessert appetizer! I found the mix to be a little sweet and orange dominant at first so I added a little cranberry juice concentrate and that made it just right. After cooking and blending I cooled the mix and froze it in my gelato machine. Once mixed it was fairly soft but just letting it sit in the machine with the motor going , but not the dasher, it harden up quite quickly. The sorbet has a nice balance of sweet and tart and is a beautiful color. The one thing I would do differently would be to strain the mix before the freezing, we thought it would be even better without the pith. Thanks Sydney Mike for another wonderful recipe! Made for PRMRT.


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British broadcaster will return to ESPN for 2014 World Cup
ESPN is so pleased with Martin Tyler's work in this year's World Cup telecasts that the network already has made a deal with the English broadcaster for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
"We have a deal with Martin for 2014," said Jed Drake, ESPN senior vice president and executive producer-event production.
In reaction to criticism it received for its choice of announcers for the 2006 World Cup in Germany, ESPN hired an all-British play-by-play crew for the World Cup in South Africa.
In England, Tyler calls both Premier League and Champions League soccer games for Sky Sports.
"The question I've been asked the most is, 'Well what are you going to change for the American audience?' " Tyler said. "My answer has been the same, which is, 'I've been signed for what I am, not what they want to make me.' I hope I am sensitive enough from my time in the States to know there might be a time not to be too colloquial, not to get a bit Cockney."
Tyler will call the title match July 11 in Johannesburg, South Africa, for ESPN, but his partner for the broadcast has not been determined.
An ESPN spokesman said assignments have not been set for the semifinal games.
For the quarterfinals, Tyler and Efan Ekoku will call Netherlands vs. Brazil (9 a.m. Friday, ESPN) and Argentina vs. Germany (9 a.m. Saturday, ABC).
Ian Darke and John Harkes will call Uruguay vs. Ghana (1:30 p.m. Friday, ESPN) and Paraguay vs. Spain (1:30 p.m. Saturday, ABC) in the other quarterfinals.
According to The Nielsen Co., an estimated 99.2 million U.S. viewers (34% of all viewers in the country), have watched at least six minutes of World Cup telecasts on either ESPN or Univision.
The estimated number of U.S. viewers for the 2006 World Cup was 91.4 million for the entire tournament.
Football, CFL style
On Thursday, the NFL Network carried the first of 14 Canadian Football League telecasts the network has for the regular season of the league.
The games will be produced by TSN, the leading sports broadcaster in Canada.
There are eight teams in the CFL.
The first telecast Thursday night featured the two teams in last year's Grey Cup game, the Montreal Alouettes and Saskatchewan Roughriders.
Fox makes it official
Fox Sports has hired the former National Football League vice president/officiating Mike Pereira to monitor games on Sunday and explain key or controversial calls made during games.
Pereira will be based in a control room in Los Angeles. With the help of other officials, he will watch the Sunday games and be ready to explain calls under review and clarify rules. Fox game crews will go to Pereira to explain key calls.
Pereira will work on other Fox platforms as well. He will answer questions from fans and write a weekly column for foxsports.com and make regular appearances on Fox Sports Radio shows.
"For 12 years I've been teaching officiating to 120 guys," Pereira told the Los Angeles Times. "Now I feel like I'm going to be teaching officiating to millions. I really have a chance to educate people on the rules."
Mediate to report
PGA Tour player Rocco Mediate will work as an announcer for ESPN's coverage of the British Open, which starts July 15 in St. Andrews, Scotland.
Mediate also will work up "SportsCenter" spots with Mike Tirico and Scott Van Pelt during the network's coverage of the tournament, according to golfweek.com.
The affable Mediate worked three tournaments for the Golf Channel in 2007.
Pedal pushers
At 10:30 a.m. Saturday, the Tour de France bike race begins and will be carried on Versus in the U.S.
Phil Liggett and Paul Sherwen will call the race for Versus, with Frankie Andreu and Robbie Ventura serving as reporters on the course.
Cyclist Lance Armstrong, who has won the race seven times, is competing.
Call SportsWaves at (414) 223-5531 or send e-mail to email@example.com


text:
North Dakota State Battles FBS Temptations Florida Still Searching For Foley's Replacement Hocutt's New Deal Pushes Salary Above $1M No Current Wait List For Michigan CFB Tickets Cal AD: Aussie Football Opener A "No Brainer" Hart's Retirement To Cost Tennessee $645,454 Chattanooga AD The Favorite For Tennessee? Pitt Football Breaks Season-Ticket Sales Record Tennessee AD Dave Hart To Retire In '17 Illinois AD Looks To Boost Entertainment Value
Upcoming Conferences and Events
SBD/December 31, 2012/Colleges
Remaining Big East Teams Growing Anxious Over Lack Of TV Deal
Published December 31, 2012
END OF AN ERA: In Omaha, Tom Shatel conducted a Q&A with outgoing Nebraska AD Tom Osborne, who will retire on Tuesday. Osborne, on what college football could be like in five and 10 years, said, "I suspect that we're going to see four or five 16-team conferences, that are major schools. There will be some type of modified playoff system. We may stay with a four-team format for a while, but there will always be pressure to go beyond that." He added, "I am concerned about the amounts of money involved. There are various federal laws that allow you to regulate a lot of things, such as salaries, and we do see professional teams with salary caps. We may see something like that at some level." Osborne: "But the thing that continues to be disturbing to me is when you look at all of the money that has been generated and you still have resistance to providing a $2,000 stipend to the people who are really drawing the crowds. I don't believe in players trying to be salaried, but I think something like the cost-of-attendance stipend is reasonable and shouldn't be tied to family income or need-based" (OMAHA WORLD-HERALD, 12/30).


text:
The photojournalist rarely gets backstage at a fashion show. The usual drill is to photograph models in full regalia strutting straight down the center of the runway. It was an enormous pleasure, then, to get behind the scenes for a while at the Providence Biltmore, in the hair and makeup room of StyleWeek Northeast last August. In this photo, the models are perfectly still while hair and makeup artists whirl around them to make their beautiful faces look their absolute best. Most important are the eyes � if they aren�t done right, nothing else matters. (Fashionistas watching the models slink down the runway see the eyes first, then the clothes.)
Backstage, everyone is serious, and yet they seem to be having a good time doing what they love � styling hair, applying makeup, getting ready to model new styles for the first time. They�re all oblivious to me, just another photographer. These moments are as close to �real� as one can get � no posing or glancing at the camera. It is a photojournalist�s dream to be a �fly on the wall.� Since 2010, StyleWeek has created a new excitement in Providence. Thanks to president and founder Rosanna Ortiz Sinel, the event � which happens twice a year � presents the work of emerging designers to the fashion world. Every city worth its weight in culture needs a StyleWeek. Photographers need one, too. It helps prove that Providence is world class. And soon StyleWeek will return, the runway once again strode by models, at the Biltmore from Jan. 19 to 25.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Hi to everyone,
I just started using WP and am still very fresh with it. i had some probems with the addlink and update links page under the admin module.
what i did is i deleted all the existing links and rename the blogroll to some other name, and now i cant add any links at all, it does not even indicate any error it just does not write to the database.
so i manually entered a link into the database and it is possible to display the link but not update it.
any idea what i should do?


text:
Alchemist Theatre gives voice to victims in 'Jack the Ripper'
A bus in New Delhi. The streets of Ciudad Juárez. A spa in Brookfield.
Those were the places running through my head Thursday night while watching "The Canonical Five of Jack the Ripper" - written, directed and designed by Aaron Kopec - at Alchemist Theatre. »Read Full Article
Actor John C. Reilly brings character to concert at Miller Caves
The Miller Caves, underneath the brewery that not only made Milwaukee famous but also helped define the city itself, apparently never seemed, until Sunday night, like a place to hold a concert.
In retrospect, after the very first such event courtesy of John C. Reilly and Friends, the historic location was a small club waiting to happen: The painted backdrop of cavorting (presumably) Germans had retro style, as did the overhead lamps and the high-arched ceiling. »Read Full Article(4)
What does strange press release from 'Mad Men' mean?
Two minutes after the end of Sunday's "Mad Men" episode - filled with personal drama, some of it involving, Pete, Bob, Ted and Peggy - AMC, I presume sent out this press release.
With Peggy listed as the contact, it is presumably the press release Peggy was told to prepare a few weeks ago on the show, announcing the new name of the merged advertising agency. »Read Full Blog Post(3)
Central Bark Fido Fest unleashes the fun
A fine time for canines
This may be the warmest and fuzziest festival of all. »Read Full Article
Museum fundraiser; 'Fondy Soulbration' market; 'Walk, Run and Wag' 5K
Take a seat
Milwaukee's historic house museums are offering patrons a seat at their annual fundraising event Wednesday. And, afterward — guests can take the chairs with them. The Villa Terrace Decorative Arts Museum and the Charles Allis Art Museum have been blessed with chairs — or artistic riffs on chairs — created by local artists for this auction at 6 p.m. at the Villa Terrace. The seats range from an old easy chair dressed as a cozy grandmother to a pew made from doors to a partial-chair that's now totally sculptural. Other seats for auction are ones at theatrical productions, sporting events or a table in a local fine dining establishment. The evening also features live music, hors d'oeuvres and a cash bar. Tickets are $25. Making a reservation would be appreciated and can be done by calling Ann Steinbach at (414) 278-8295 Ext. 5, but it isn't mandatory. Visit www.charlesallis.org/cavtgalleryofchairs.html »Read Full Article


text:
pore 1
Definition of pore in:
pore 2
they pored over a map of Eastern Europe
study, read intently, peruse, be absorbed in, scrutinize, scan, examine, go over/through
Definition of pore in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
- Report: #460902
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: GC SERVICES COPPERAS COVE
GC SERVICES COPPERAS COVETOWN SQUARE SHOPPING CENTER COPPERAS COVE, Texas U.S.A.
GC SERVICES COPPERAS COVE GC SERVICES IN COPPERAS COVE, GOOD JOB FOR POSTING INFORMATION SHE GOT FIRED...PRICELESS COPPERAS COVE Texas
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/11/2009 07:34 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/GC-SERVICES-COPPERAS-COVE/COPPERAS-COVE-Texas-76522/GC-SERVICES-COPPERAS-COVE-GC-SERVICES-IN-COPPERAS-COVE-GOOD-JOB-FOR-POSTING-INFORMATION-S-460902. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
I am using the Bandpage plugin (http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/bandpage/) but it is not working. I've put it in a widget and assigned to page: http://susysun.com/shows/
When I look up the page source info, it shows that it's there, but the Bandpage Shows that I I want to embed are not showing up on the published page.
Can someone help?


text: Posted September 16, 2013 In fairness, if Rivera goes for it on 4th and 1, and the team fails to move the chains..................... The majority would be saying he should be fired for not taking the points... Don't get me wrong, I'm just as fed up as everyone else, but, it's much easier for us to coach a game Monday morning, than it is to coach one on Sunday afternoon... I would have defended it because of our history. Bills would then have played for a FG. 4 people like this Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Addams Family actress Christina Ricci (32) showed off her slim figure in a black-and-charcoal mini-dress.
Meanwhile, Glee star Dianna Agron (26) showed off her new fringe hair cut in a striking outfit.
Also in attendance at the screening was actress and designer Georgina Chapman (37), who is currently pregnant with her second child.


text:
Shelby Norman, 71
Published: Thursday, June 18, 2009 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, June 17, 2009 at 6:14 p.m.
Shelby J. Norman, 71, of Pisgah Forest died Sunday, June 14, 2009, at the Brian Center in Brevard.
A funeral will be at 1 p.m. Friday at Glade Creek Baptist Church. Burial will follow in Davidson River Cemetery in Pisgah Forest.
Wilson Funeral Directors is in charge of the arrangements.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


text:
2 arrested on heroin charges in Vt.The Associated Press | February 07,2013BRATTLEBORO - The Vermont Drug Task Force has arrested two men on charges of possessing and trafficking heroin following a three-month investigation.
Police said 25-year-old Joshua Hartwell of Brattleboro and 32-year-old Julio Davila of Holyoke, Mass., were taken into custody on Wednesday in Dummerston.
Both were charged with multiple counts of selling and trafficking heroin. Davila also had an active warrant for his arrest for unrelated charges.
They were scheduled to appear in court today.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A Sandgate man with a previous conviction for a sex crime against a child in New... Full StoryThousands of Vermonters will have the chance to get their drivers licenses back starting Thursday. Full StoryA Castleton man, who police said has had several incidents at Fowler Services, denied striking... Full Story
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text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $5.11 (34% off)
Sorry, this product is no longer in stock.
Muy bien
Posted by 5176531596348448508 on May 16, 2016
Me hidrata donde lo necesito
Madre Labs, Camellia Care, EGCG Green Tea Skin Cream
Posted by 4919213062912088389 on Apr 09, 2016
I just love love this cream and will purchase it again.. the texture of this cream is super good and smells very fresh and new
Great for acne prone skin
Posted by veganacnesufferers on Feb 15, 2016
This has been a great addition to my skin care routine. I have oily, acne-prone and sensitive skin, and this has been an excellent addition. I use it after cleansing, almost as a "serum" - and then I apply a salicylic acid product on top of the chin, and a tea tree oil product on the forehead area. The antioxidants and EGCG in this product seem to work in perfect harmony with my treated products, plus it adds much needed moisture and repair.
a very good day cream
Posted by 4648364861178889233 on Jan 18, 2013
matting the skin, fills all irregularities. not very moisturizing, for the night is not suitable. And for a very good day for make-up
great product!
Posted by IHA611 on Sep 01, 2013
great product!
Very light skin cream
Posted by cumberlandshopper on Jun 12, 2013
I use this on facial areas under eyes, sides of mouth and neck. Most areas where wrinkles are likely. It's very light and not heavy at all. Is very moisturizing.
Simplemente fabulosa!
Posted by 5202239772488916017 on Aug 19, 2013
Bendigo el día en que decidí comprar esta crema hidratante. Estoy fascinada con sus resultados. Realmente es un poderoso antioxidante para la piel y a las pocas aplicaciones, ya se notan los resultados;: firmeza, piel más uniforme, poros menos visibles. A pesar de ser bastante ligera, deja la piel super hidratada casi todo el día. También la utilizo por las noches. Aunque es un poco cara, pienso comprarla porque lo vale.
Posted by 4724955221639174387 on Nov 04, 2014
I'm suprised how good this cream is for such a small price. Leaves skin soft and supple.Great as a make-up base.
Anti-acne and anti-aging!
Posted by 4881923424921085829 on Jul 27, 2014
This stuff really works! I am 35 and have had adult acne since leaving my teens. This has improved my skin a LOT. Far fewer breakouts (which heal faster) and much smoother skin. I have had lots of compliments about how young I am looking since I started using this! I also drink 5 cups of high quality green or white tea a day, as this helps acne from the inside. It's the antioxidants that help. I also take selenium and vitamin E. My skin is a little drier these days so I add a couple of drops of pure rose-hip oil to this cream at night, as it's not quite moisturizing enough for my skin during winter.
Posted by 5466531723069594971 on Feb 18, 2015
Perfect serum for problem skin, soaks up instantly leaving no residue, skin is matte, calms imperfections and reduced swollen spots overnight, provides light moisture (not oily!) and it's vegan!


text: NEW! As of 10/16/15 all models of the LSS-XR1000 are drastically improved! The Magnespot XR1000 K2 has a longer range (5 feet)! But it gets better, the Magnespot XR1000 K2 now has a built in audible locator that makes finding the transmitter even easier! The new Magnespot XR1000 K2 receiver starts beeping when you are within 8 feet of the transmitter. Lastly, while it is a subtle detail, the new XR1000 K2 has a bright Red operation button.


text:
you are viewing a single comment's thread.
Defoe never wanted to leave Spurs in the first place. It's because you guys had the audacity to leave him on the bench behind the class act of Robbie Keane and Berbatrov. So don't go leaving him out again. And if you don't play him in the Carling final he'll never look Harry in the eyes again. Harry's being a deceitful old bugger these days apart from kicking Pompey in the teeth. He said he has no part in negotiation it's all down to the board--the other one's got bells on. There's no truth he was seen coming out of a pub in Sloane Square with David James the other day is there?
God Alan I sure hope not!!!!!


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