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Organogenesis during budding and lophophoral morphology of Hislopia malayensis Annandale, 1916 (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata)
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- Schwaha, T. & Wood, T.S. BMC Dev Biol (2011) 11: 23. doi:10.1186/1471-213X-11-23
Bryozoans represent a large lophotrochozoan phylum with controversially discussed phylogenetic position and in group relationships. Developmental processes during the budding of bryozoans are in need for revision. Just recently a study on a phylactolaemate bryozoan gave a comprehensive basis for further comparisons among bryozoans. The aim of this study is to gain more insight into developmental patterns during polypide formation in the budding process of bryozoans. Particular focus is laid upon the lophophore, also its condition in adults. For this purpose we studied organogenesis during budding and lophophoral morphology of the ctenostome bryozoan Hislopia malayensis.
Polypide buds develop on the frontal side of the developing cystid as proliferation of the epidermal and peritoneal layer. Early buds develop a lumen bordered by the inner budding layer resulting in the shape of a two-layered sac or vesicle. The hind- and midgut anlagen are first to develop as outpocketing of the prospective anal area. These grow towards the prospective mouth area where a comparatively small invagination marks the formation of the foregut. In between the prospective mouth and anus the ganglion develops as an invagination protruding in between the developing gut loop. Lophophore development starts with two lateral ridges which form tentacles very early. At the lophophoral base, intertentacular pits, previously unknown for ctenostomes, develop. The ganglion develops a circum-oral nerve ring from which the tentacle nerves branch off in adult zooids. Tentacles are innervated by medio-frontal nerves arising directly from the nerve ring, and medio-frontal and abfrontal nerves which originate both from an intertentacular fork.
We are able to show distinct similarities among bryozoans in the formation of the different organ systems: a two-layered vesicle-like early bud, the ganglion forming as an invagination of the epidermal layer in between the prospective mouth and anal area, the digestive tract mainly forming as an outpocketing of the prospective anal area, and the lophophore forming from two lateral anlagen that first fuse on the oral and afterwards on the anal side. Future studies will concentrate on cyclostome budding to complement our knowledge on developmental patterns of bryozoans.
The Bryozoa represent a large lophotrochozoan phylum consisting of sessile filter-feeders comprising over 6000 extant species. The phylum consists of three large clades: The Phylactolaemata, the Stenolaemata and the Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata) [1]. The relationship in between the different clades and also to other phyla remains controversially discussed [2]. The Phylactolaemata represent a small group of freshwater inhabiting species. From a phylogenetic perspective they are interesting, since they are often regarded as the most basal bryozoans and show several morphological characters that distinguish them from all remaining bryozoans, such as an epistome and body wall musculature [1, 3]. In particular their sexual development, however, is heavily altered, probably as an adaptation to freshwater habitats, and therefore impedes comparisons to other phyla and bryozoans. Within the Gymnolaemata, the Ctenostomata are a group of uncalcified, comparatively simple species that are currently regarded as paraphyletic with the species-richest bryozoan group Cheilostomata as well as Cyclostomata being ingroups [4–7]. Consequently, they represent an important clade for addressing phylogenetic questions of bryozoans.
As previously mentioned by Nielsen [8], budding in bryozoans, in particular organogenesis, is only poorly known. Schwaha et al. [9] recently studied the organogenesis in the budding process of the phylactolaemate Cristatella mucedo and established a first comprehensive study for further comparative purposes. Detailed investigations on the polypide development during the budding process of ctenostome bryozoans were only carried out by Davenport [10] for Paludicella articulata. Soule [11] studied several species, but only gave generalized and short descriptions with poor documentation. Accordingly, ctenostome budding requires new data to gain more insight into general trends and patterns in bryozoan budding. This study focuses on the organogenesis in the budding process of the ctenostome Hislopia malayensis, a species occurring in freshwater habitats of South East Asia [12]. Since it shows many ancestral traits among ctenostomes [13], it represents a suitable species for the current study. With the lophophoral base being the most complex organ of the polypide, we laid special focus on its formation and differentiation, but also on its condition in adults.
Specimens of Hislopia malayensis Annandale, 1916 were collected from the pond of the Faculty of Fisheries of the Kasetsart University in Bangkok (see [13]). Colony pieces were fixed in 1.5 % glutaraldehyde in 0.01 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for about 1 hour. Specimens were afterwards rinsed three times for 20 minutes in the buffer. Until further preparation in Vienna, specimens were stored in the buffer. Postfixation was conducted with 1% Osmium tetroxide solution in distilled water for 1-2 hours, followed by rinsing in distilled water for about 1 hour. Specimens were afterwards dehydrated with a graded alcohol series prior to embedding the samples into Agar Low-viscosity resin using acetone as intermedium. Eight colony pieces each containing 1-2 buds and several adult zooids were taken for sectioning. Ribbons of serial semi-sections (1 μm thickness) were conducted as described by Ruthensteiner [14]. Sections were stained with toluidine blue and afterwards analysed and photographed with a Nikon DS5M-U1 digital camera mounted on a Nikon Eclipse E800 light microscope. Image stacks from the serial section micrographs were enhanced in contrast, converted to greyscales and imported with an image size of 1024 × 768 into the 3D reconstruction software Amira 4.1 (Mercury Computer Systems, Chelmsford, MA, USA). Alignment of the image stacks was conducted with the AlignSlice tool of Amira. Segmentation of different structures was conducted manually with a brush. A surface for each structure was generated followed by iterated steps of triangle reduction and smoothing (see [14]). Snapshots were taken with the Amira software.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Condition of the lophophoral base in adult zooids
Origin of the budding layers
Like in all other bryozoans, the polypide in H. malayensis develops from two budding layers; the inner budding layer originates from the epidermis and the outer budding layer from the peritoneum [15]. Some previous investigations described the outer budding layer to form from proliferating epidermal cells [11, 16]. More recent observations [17, 18] found both layers of the body wall directly involved in the formation of buds. Although this study did not focus on the early bud formation, we never found any peritoneal cells derive from the epidermal layer. In addition, it should be mentioned that the peritoneal layer of the body wall in H. malayensis is always inconspicuously thin, even in adult zooids. As a consequence, it is more reasonable to assume the sole thin peritoneal layer to form the outer budding layer. Whether coelomocytes liberated from the peritoneal layer, as observed in the current study in early buds, participate in the formation of the outer budding layer remains unanswered. Different kinds of coelomocytes within the body cavity have been reported in representatives of all bryozoan clades. In adult zooids, they possibly act in phagocytosis of excretory substances [1]. Their role during budding could be similar in accumulation of metabolic waste created during budding. On the other hand, coelomocytes may be involved in the formation of peritoneally derived tissues, such as muscles. A similar function has been indicated for phylactolaemate coelomocytes [9].
Formation of the lophophore
The initial lophophore anlage develops as two lateral ridges in H. malayensis. A similar formation has been described for all other bryozoan clades (Cyclostomata: [19], Cheilostomata: e.g. [18, 20], Ctenostomata: [10, 11], Phylactolaemata: [9]). In Paludicella articulata the lateral ridges first unite at the oral side, while the tentacles on the anal side are the last to form [10]. In the current study on H. malayensis, a stage showing a U-shaped arrangement of the developing tentacles was not encountered. However, in our budding stage 3 of H. malayensis, the lophophoral ridges bulge slightly inward on the oral side, whereas they abruptly end on the anal side as described in P. articulata. A similar formation of the lophophore is described for the cheilostome Membranipora membranacea [20] and the phylactolaemate Cristatella mucedo [9]. The Phylactolaemata, however, show some differences regarding the formation of the lophophore which are also reflected in their adult condition. The lateral lophophoral ridges or more precisely bulges form the large lophophoral arms giving this clade the typical horse-shoe shaped lophophore. At first these do not carry tentacles in phylactolaemates [9] as seen in members of the Ctenostomata [10] and the Cheilostomata [18, 20]. In contrast to the remaining, pre-dominantly marine clades, the oral tentacles are the first to be formed in the Phylactolaemata [9, 21, 22]. However, these differences are again reflected in the condition of the coelomic compartments of the adults. In the Phylactolaemata the ring-canal on the oral side of the lophophore base is comparatively short supplying only few tentacles [9], whereas the ring canal in the Ctenostomata (H. malayensis, this study) and Cheilostomata (Cryptosula pallasiana, [23]) encompasses almost the entire lophophoral base. Accordingly, two major patterns in the development of the lophophore can be recognized from the currently available data: 1. it starts with paired lateral anlagen that first close on the oral side and later also on the anal side and 2. the first tentacles arise on the area of the prospective ring canal with the most medial ones on the oral side to appear last.
Intertentacular pits of the lophophoral base
As stated by Gordon [23], the lophophoral base represents the most complex structure of the bryozoan polypide. Surprisingly, his detailed study of the organization in the cheilostome Cryptosula pallasiana currently remains the only study for bryozoans. In H. malayensis we describe intertentacular pits at the lophophoral base for the first time in a ctenostome. A similar, most probably homologous structure is present in C. pallasiana. In the latter they are called ciliated pits and measure 25 - 30 μm in length [1]. In adult specimens of H. malayensis they are approximately two times longer than in C. pallasiana and consequently much more noticeable. In C. pallasiana the pits are covered by a cuticle and the lining cells possess cilia projecting into the lumen of the pit. In H. malayensis a thin acellular layer, most likely cuticle, lines the intertentacular pits as well, but the confirmation of the presence of cilia would require electron microscopic examination. Conspicuous intertentacular pits also occur in several other ctenostome bryozoans (Schwaha, unpublished data). Consequently, it seems likely to expect them in more cheilostomes as well and thus might be a synapomorphy for these two clades. As in C. pallasiana [23], we currently can give no indication about the function of the intertentacular pits.
Formation of the central nervous system and adult condition
In H. malayensis the central nervous system forms by an invagination of the inner budding layer (epidermal layer) in between the prospective mouth and anus, thus being identical to all other bryozoan classes in this respect [8, 9]. However, in contrast to the Phylactolaemata, the ganglion in H. malayensis never contains a lumen and thus is compact in late budding stages (stage 5) and adults.
The nervous system, in particular at the lophophoral base and the tentacle innervation, has been subject of several studies in phylactolaemates and gymnolaemates [1, 23–31]. So far, the central nervous system in cyclostome bryozoans remains unstudied. Tentacle innervation, however, is briefly mentioned by Nielsen & Riisgard [32]. All studied bryozoans possess a circum-oral/pharyngeal nerve ring. Tentacles are innervated by 4-6 nerves. Four of these tentacle nerves (the abfrontal, frontal and the paired latero-frontal nerves) are located subepidermally, while the remaining two are located subperitoneally. Only the phylactolaemate Asajirella gelatinosa shows a slightly different configuration of the subepidermal nerves [1]. In the current study on H. malayensis, we were only able to locate the four subepidermal nerves and not the paired subperitoneal ones. Only in the cheilostome Cryptosula pallasiana, the full set of six tentacle nerves was detected [23]. In the cyclostome Crisia eburnea [32] and the cheilostome Electra pilosa [33] the four subepidermal nerves were confirmed, whereas only the two subperitoneal and the latero-frontal tentacle nerves were found in Flustrellidra hispida, Membranipora membranacea [28], Farrella repens and Alcyonidium sp. [29]. In phylactolaemate bryozoans radial nerves extend from the nerve ring in between the tentacles, in the intertentacular membrane. Towards the tentacles, the radial nerves bifurcate within the intertentacular membrane and branch off the tentacles nerves [1, 27]. This intertentacular origin of the tentacles nerves resembles the abfrontal and latero-frontal tentacle nerves of H. malayensis. However, the medio-frontal tentacle nerves branch off directly from the circum-oral nerve ring in H. malayensis. In the ctenostomes Flustrellidra hispida [28], Alcyonidium sp., Farrella repens [29] and the cheilostomes Membranipora membranacea [28] and Electra pilosa [33] only one pair of tentacle nerves were found to originate from an intertentacular origin, i.e. the latero-frontal nerves. In E. pilosa the abfrontal nerve extends directly from the circum-oral nerve ring, whereas it was not detected at all in the other aforementioned species - most likely a result of methodological problems of vital staining of nervous tissue. Nonetheless, summing up the little information available the following trend seems to be present in bryozoans: In the Phylactolaemata all tentacle nerves are of intertentacular origin, while gymnolaemates subsequently branch off tentacle nerves directly from the nerve ring, first the medio-frontal nerve (Ctenostomata: H. malayensis, this study) and then the abfrontal nerve as well (Cheilostomata: E. pilosa [33]). This trend coincides with current opinions of bryozoan phylogeny, with the Phylactolaemata as most basal branch and the Ctenostomata being paraphyletic as ancestors of the Cheilostomata. However, a broader range of taxa (including the neglected Cyclostomata) need to be studied to confirm this trend. Additionally, the basic number of tentacle nerves needs to be clarified. In several Phylactolaemata [1, 34] and the cheilostome E. pilosa [33], 'subperitoneal' or 'enclosed' peritoneal cells that are topologically identical to the position of the subperitoneal nerves described for C. pallasiana [23] and several ctenostomes [28, 29] were described. Consequently, it seems probable that these cells represent nerves and that they can be expected in most if not all bryozoans, also in H. malayensis, but their detection requires detailed electron microscopic or state-of-the-art immunocytochemical studies.
Formation of the gut and the esophagus-cardia length
The mid- and hindgut in H. malayensis form as anal outpocketing as described for the ctenostomes Flustrellidra hispida [35], Paludicella articulata [10] and Pottsiella erecta [36]. As recently summarized by Schwaha et al. [9], diverging descriptions of gut formation have been provided. Some authors claim an oral outpocketing to give rise to these parts of the digestive tract [11, 37]. Considering the similarities in the formation of all other organ systems during budding of bryozoans, it appears more probable that the mid- and hindgut of bryzoans generally develop from an anal outpocketing. Ultimately, reinvestigating and increasing the number of species in all clades needs to be conducted to confirm this suggestion.
As mentioned by Rogick [38], the gut terminology of bryozoans is in a 'nice state of confusion'. Only Silen [39] attempted to give a general terminology to the various parts of the digestive tract by considering all bryozoan classes. Two valve-like constrictions, one at the end of the foregut and a second before the intestine (or rectum), are important criteria for assigning terms for specific gut regions [39]. The valve at the end of the foregut is commonly termed cardiac valve or esophageal valve and represents the border between the esophagus and the cardia. As seen in the current study on H. malayensis, previous studies on the Phylactolaemata [9] as well as the Cyclostomata [19] this valve develops at the border of the two anlagen assembling the gut during budding. In the Phylactolaemata and the Stenolaemata the digestive tract from the caecum to the mouth opening is short, while it is usually elongated in gymnolaemates. Based on the distal position of the cardiac valve in the latter, this elongated tube was considered to be a result of the elongation of the cardia. Consequently, an esophagus was stated to be absent in gymnolaemates, because no proper differentiation towards the pharynx is given [39]. While this might be true for several cheilostome species (e.g. Membranipora: [39]; Bugula: [16]; Cryptosula: [16, 40]; Electra: [16]; Hippothoa: [41]; Lageneschara: [42], also see [1, 43]), ctenostome bryozoans show a larger variation concerning this feature of the gut. Our results on H. malayensis show that the cardiac valve is situated far proximally and most of the tube-like elongation develops and consists of the foregut, the esophagus. Only a comparatively small part of the tube is composed of the cardia distally of the muscular proventriculus. An identical arrangement is present in the hislopiids H. corderoi [44] and Echinella placoides [45]. In contrast, in the only ctenostome superfamily showing similar flattened box-shaped zooids, the Alcyonidioidea, the esophagus is negligibly small and the cardiac tube elongated [46, 47]. An elongated esophagus is generally considered to be present in 'stoloniferan' ctenostomes [48] in which the polypide bud becomes dislocated into an elongated peristome that later is separated from the remaining 'stolon' [49, 50]. However, in other ctenostomes with elongated peristomes but lacking true stolons, like the Victorellidae, the esophagus and cardia are both present as almost equally long tubes. In addition, the relative size, particularly of the cardiac tube, is affected by the state of its contraction [51]. It seems worthwhile to investigate whether the differences in the morphology of the gut prove to be valuable for drawing phylogenetic inferences. Comparative data is currently sparse, because the location of the cardiac valve is only given for very few species. Since the cardiac valve hinders reflux of food particles from the cardiac stomach, it seems more reasonable that the anatomy of the gut is influenced by the diet and the mode of digestion.
Compared with the recent study of the phylactolaemate Cristatella mucedo [9] and older studies, we are able to show that the development of the polypide shows distinct similarities in the formation of the different organ systems. These include the early polypide bud formation as a proliferation of epidermal cells bulging towards the peritoneal layer of the bud, a two-layered vesicle-like early bud, the central nervous system or ganglion forming as an invagination of the epidermal layer in between the prospective mouth and anal area, the digestive tract mainly forming from an outpocketing of the prospective anal area that grows towards a comparatively small anlage of the foregut (pharynx and esophagus), and the lophophore forming from two lateral anlagen that first fuse on the oral and afterwards on the anal side. These similarities found between phylactolaemates and ctenostomes thus support the monophyly of Bryozoa.
The site where the anlage of the mid/hind-gut and the foregut meet is represented in adult zooids by the cardiac valve. A comparison of different bryozoan species and superfamilies shows that its location is not identical in gymnolaemates which always possess an elongated tube-shaped gut connecting the pharynx with the caecum. With the current paucity of comparative data, it is more appropriate to consider the diet and the mode of digestion to be decisive on the variable location of the cardiac valve.
At the complex lophophoral base of adult zooids intertentacular pits of unknown function are described for the first time in a ctenostome. Similar structures were only reported in the cheilostome C. pallasiana [23]. It is likely that they are present in more if not all gymnolaemate species, but have escaped the attention of previous investigators. Along with structures of the nervous system at the lophophoral base and the tentacle innervation, these characters appear promising for further analysis for comparative phylogenetic purposes on bryozoans.
With the polypide development of the Phylactolaemata [9] and Ctenostomata (this study) studied in more detail with modern visualisation techniques, the Cyclostomata remain an essential taxon for further study. Organogenesis in the budding process of the later was only studied by Borg [19] and Nielsen [37], but is only poorly documented. In cyclostome bryozoans the polypide is formed first and the cystid later. This formation of buds is also found in the basal Phylactolaemata, in contrast to budding of the Cteno- and Cheilostomata where the cystid is formed first and the polypide later. Accordingly, future studies should concentrate on cyclostome budding to complement our knowledge on developmental patterns of bryozoans.
We would like to thank the staff of the Department of Environmental Sciences of the Kasetsart University of Bangkok and especially Jukkrit Mahujchariyawong, Patana Anurakpongsatorn, and Ratcha Chaichana, for their support. TS trip to Thailand was supported by the KWA-scholarship of the University of Vienna. TS is currently supported by FWF project P 22696-B17 granted to Andrey Ostrovsky (University of Vienna).
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By Sarah Stites | | August 24, 2016 | 11:13 AM EDT
Here's a shocker: Parker Sawyers — who portrays Barack Obama in Southside with You — actually grew up in a Republican household. In an interview with The Daily Beast's Matt Wilstein, Sawyers discussed the new film about the Obamas' first date, while also revealing details of his own Indiana childhood. "My parents were really good people," he said, adding, "And I'm not saying Republicans aren't. It wasn't like we were like Republicans are today."
By Edgard Portela | | August 24, 2016 | 7:45 AM EDT
Following his recent meeting with his new Hispanic Advisory Council, speculation that Donald Trump is changing his stance on immigration has continued to dominate the news coverage on the nation's top Hispanic television networks.
By Tim Graham | | August 24, 2016 | 7:32 AM EDT
Time's resident humorist Joel Stein was mysteriously selected to write their latest cover story with the hair-on-fire headline "Why we're losing the Internet to a culture of hate." It's mysterious because Stein has written some very troll-like commentary over the years, such as Christianity is a "death cult," and "I don't support our troops."
But even in the very issue that Stein is complaining about ugly speech taking over the World Wide Web, he's written a column "joking" about taking the right to vote away from old people, because they stink at voting. The headline was "Why older people shouldn't vote – and other ideas unpopular with my parents."
By Nicholas Fondacaro | | August 24, 2016 | 2:56 AM EDT
After an Associated Press report that exposed how numerous Clinton Foundation donors were able to set up meetings with Hillary Clinton while Secretary of State, NBC correspondent and resident Clinton fangirl, Andrea Mitchell rushed to defend her on NBC Nightly News Tuesday. Mitchell seemed to be annoyed by the persistent scandal, calling it, "A headache for the Clinton campaign that could last until the election and beyond."


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Category: Weekly Featured Dance Video
Dance Video of the Week #151: Superhero
Short film: Superhero from Nikola Jovanovic on Vimeo. This weeks featured dance video is titled Superhero. This video doesn't have much dancing, however, it does have something that is somewhat a lost art form in todays dance videos; a story line. Boris Vidaković tells a story of someone who wants to achieve his childhood dream […]
Dance Video of the Week #150 – Senna Amarnis Choreography to "Bad Man" by Missy Elliott
This weeks dance video features choreography by Senna Amarnis. Whenever you combine hard hitting choreography with a Missy Elliott track like "Bad Man," you are bound to have a hot dance video. Check it out and enjoy!
Dance Video of the Week #149 – Animated J (Finger Symphony)
Dance video of the week #149 features Animated J finger tutting. You have probably seen people finger tutting before, however, it is a whole new experience when watching the pro's. Watch as Animated J creates a finger symphony to the sounds of "Symphonica" by Nicky Romero….enjoy!
Dance Video of the Week #148 – Top Knoch (Dragon House) Presented by YAK Films
This weeks dance video features Top Knoch representing Dragon House in Atlanta, GA. Watch as Dragon House member Top Knoch showcases his tutting and animation skills in this YAK Films production. You also get an appearance from Kobra the cat, enjoy!
Dance Video of the Week #147 – Christina Perri "Human" Choreography by Brian Friedman | #BFREE #Human
This weeks featured dance video "Human" is an amazingly directed video by Tim Milgram with co-direction by the choreographer of the video, Brian Friedman. As part of DanceOn and recording artist Christina Perri's collaboration, dancers are given the opportunity to express themselves by creating/uploading a video to YouTube using the song "Human" (Go here for […]
Dance Video of the Week #146 – Nonstop & BluPrint (BluStop) Waterwork
This weeks dance video features Nonstop and BluPrint. Using a Georgia waterfall as a background, Nonstop and Bluprint vibe off each other's energy and create a mind-blowing visual experience for their viewers. Enjoy this much anticipated Dragon House collaboration to the sounds of – Fall In Love feat.Kahtja (Knight Riderz Remix)!


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Picking the perfect present for a proud party planner isn't always, well, a party. They have the food, music, and games covered. Yes,they already have everything their guests need to have a great night down, but that doesn't mean they won't love to get one of these special gifts to help them create a fresh presentation for appetizers or add a little extra flair to their tablescapes.
Gift Lab: Aging Wine in Seconds with Legit ScienceNovember 11, 2015
Product: Wine Aging Tool
When I first read about the Wine Aging tool, I reacted with skepticism, as I imagine most folks would. Replicating the effect of cellaring a wine for a year in ONE SECOND? How can this be? It's tempting to be dismissive, but like many 30-something women, I love my wine, and if there's a way to enhance my wine-drinking experience, I want to know about it.
Best Secret Santa Ever: Gifts for Your CoworkersNovember 10, 2015
One day very soon, you may arrive to work and find a fun diversion to your morning ritual: one of the women in Marketing approaches your desk and asks if you want to pick a name for your office's annual Secret Santa. In the spirit of the season, you agree and reach your hand into a pile of small papers filled with names of your colleagues. Anticipation is rising as you wonder who will travel through your fingers, and who may have already picked your name. When you open your final selection, you learn that you picked that new guy in Accounting. And then you realize you know absolutely nothing about him.
The art of fulfilling your duties in an office Secret Santa can be complicated, whether or not you know your co-workers well. You might have to buy a gift that fits a particular price range, or you may have to recall every interaction you've had with your giftee in order to spark one good idea. On top of all of this, there's the pressure of keeping your identity a secret until the final reveal. Since you might get a call from HR if you start snooping around your co-worker's desk for hints, we've created this gift guide to inspire that perfect Secret Santa find instead. (As for how to keep your gift a secret, we can only suggest that you fess up if you end up picking your own name out of the hat.)
Gifts Someone "Who Has Everything" Doesn't Already HaveNovember 6, 2015
Everyone knows someone who seems to already have everything. You know, that person whose living room looks like a museum of beautiful objects. Whose kitchen is fit for a professional chef. Who is always toting the latest gadget or the most fashionable fashion accessory. Folks who already have it all can be difficult to shop for, but as purveyors of the uncommon, we're here to to show you a few things that will leave them excitedly asking, "Where did you find this?!"
Vintage-Inspired Gifts for the Classic BeautyNovember 2, 2015
Do you know someone who always looks like she just walked off the set of Mad Men? She might be the spitting image of Audrey Hepburn or Grace Kelly, or possess the timeless grace of women like Iman or Amal Clooney. You swear that her Instagram account is recorded through a rose-colored lens. Finding a gift to suit such a regal personality isn't easy. However, one thing we're sure of is that true vintage appeal must incorporate an element of the uncommon, something that you would be hard-pressed to find anywhere else. (As you might imagine, we consider that our specialty). In honor of the classic beauty in your life, we've rounded up our favorite finds that will stun her with elegance and panache.


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The Time Traveler's Wife
by Audrey Niffenegger
Versions of Reality Quotes in The Time Traveler's Wife
How we cite our quotes: Citations follow this format: (Book.Chapter.Paragraph)
Quote #10
[Clare to Henry:] "I wouldn't want you to miss it. […] All the things that happened. When I was a kid. I mean, so far they have only halfway happened, because you aren't there yet. So when they happen to you, then it's real." (1.8.458)
Although Clare remembers a wealth of real experiences from her childhood with Henry, she doesn't feel like they're real before he has experienced them in his present reality as well.
Quote #11
[Clare:] […] Henry appears, doing up his cuff links. He's wet, dirty, and unshaven. He looks about forty. But he's here, and he gives me a triumphant smile as he walks through the doors of the church and down the aisle. (1.14.46)
Only Clare knows that the Henry who is walking down the aisle to marry her is not present Henry, but an older version of him. It's interesting because the older version of Henry is the man that Clare fell in love with in the first place, when she was a child.


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If ordered today, we estimate your order will be printed, packed and ready for shipment on Monday, September 05.
Vintage Pearl Serving Set
Item Number: DWH33280
Description and Details
Our vintage pearl cake knife and server will add a touch of glamour to your dessert table and cake cutting ceremony. The nickel-plated handles feature faux pearl accents. Blades are stainless steel. The 12 1/2" knife blade and 10 1/2" server blade may be engraved with your names and wedding date. Specify names and date.


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York Regional Police are warning the public of two animals, possibly German Shepherds or coyotes, that are acting aggressively and are on the loose in Thornhill.
Officers were called to Evergreen Cres. Monday afternoon for a report of two large coyote-like animals that were acting aggressively towards area residents.
Police say the animals chased several people into their homes and were fended off with a rake.
Officers arrived and found the animals in a backyard. The animals then attacked the officers, who say they used pepper spray to scare the animals away.
Police officers and OSPCA members tried to find the animals in a wooded area.
The animals were spotted in a wooded area. Police say that because of an imminent threat to the public and without any tranquilizers, a firearm was discharged. Police believe that one of the animals was shot in the upper shoulder area and the two fled deeper into the woods.
There were later reports of two women being attacked between 4 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. They received minor injuries.
Police are warning anyone who lives in the area bounded by Hwy 407, Hwy 401, John St and Bayview Ave to be aware of the animals and to contact them if they are spotted.
Simply confirm your registered email address below and click "Reset Password." We will immediately email you a link back to the site where you can enter a new password for this account.
We've found your existing NewsTalk Club account. Please login below to complete the Facebook login process.
NEWSTALK 1010 & Staples will be handing out 1,000 free backpacks filled with school supplies to kids in need
Welcome to TED Radio Hour hosted by Guy Raz, Saturdays at 6pm and Sundays at 7pm


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you are viewing a single comment's thread.
Lennon was immense on Sunday, every time he got the ball he looked like he put the fear of god into Evra (who's no slouch). What impressed me the most was that every time Evra got forward Lennon was there with him putting the pressure on.Pav looked OK, he got into good positions and Bent ran his socks off so it's not all doom and gloom. COYS!


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Democracy in America Is a Useful Fiction
Some Reporters Covering Trump Rallies Worry as Anti-Media Atmosphere Thickens
Where Is Our Martin Luther King Jr.?
Venturing Into 'the Capitalist Labyrinth' (Video)
Green Party's Jill Stein Praises WikiLeaks, Calls Julian Assange a Hero
Marc Cooper $14.27
Now in its 14th year, the publication just expanded into digital platforms in the hope of increasing readership and inspiring other young women.
The "Last Week Tonight" host talks about how political corruption thrives in an environment in which journalists are being fired or forced to focus on social media and click-bait rather than on reporting. He also admits that shows like his wouldn't exist without newspapers.
Through accountability stories and other in-depth reports, we took a look back at the career of the Virginia senator whom Hillary Clinton has picked as her running mate.
A recent article on the situation in Baltimore went 11 paragraphs before quoting anyone other than a police officer or government official.
Photo by Elizabeth Rose Becklund Weinstein
The integrity of journalism has suffered many blows in recent years, including corporate takeovers, advertorials and rank desperation. It is a small tragedy, then, to lose one of the profession's brightest and most unfaltering voices.
Despite a long run of journalistic tough times, the loss of advertising dollars and the challenge of the Internet, there's been a blossoming of investigative journalism across the globe from Honduras to Myanmar, New Zealand to Indonesia.
Van Pelt1
Journalism is often a form of priestcraft. If human victims are required on the pyramids of sacrifice, a mob of journalists is always ready to slip on priestly robes while reaching for the knives.
FreedomHouse (CC BY 2.0)
"As a journalist, no one tells you something because they like the look of your face, generally," the Independent reporter told Truthdig in an exclusive interview. "They tell you to further their own interests or the interests of their party."
Britain's Channel 4 News highlights the images and stories from Iraq that have been left out of mainstream news reporting. (h/t: Crooks and Liars)
It's called NewAssignment.net, and the idea is for everyday citizens to fund specific reporting projects that will be assigned to professional journalists. This could be the birth of an entirely new paradigm in reporting: professionals and amateurs working together in a truly networked way. Check it out.
Two Gulf Coast newspapers took home the big award for their hurricane reportage; Risen and Lichtblau of the N.Y. Times won for their stories on Bush's eavesdropping; and Dana Priest of the Washington Post earned a Pulitzer for reporting on secret CIA prisons. Full list of winners.
Illustration by Karen Spector
Two respected researchers have touched off a firestorm with their report arguing that America's pro-Israel lobby has badly damaged the United States' strategic interests. Check out this Truthdig report on the reactions from all sides of the debate.
The Associated Press erased a video of an unprovoked Israeli soldier shooting Palestinian children in 2004—according to a journalist conducting a study of the AP's practices in the region.
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- Report: #153266
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Ap9 Galleria USA
Ap9 Galleria USAInternet U.S.A.
Ap9 Galleria USA Amazingly rectified their Rip-Off Scheme Internet
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At Ap9 Galleria USA, I spoke with Dishion #18499 who refunded current month (August 2005), but was unable to refund since the start of the unauthorized charges which began in June 2005. I spoke with his Supervisor, Anthony # 8038, and was told that all three months charges of $14.95 would be refunded within the next two days.
With this company, I sited Ripoff.com's suggestions, mentioning I had notified my bank, and referred to Federal Regulation E. They became rather skiddish and wanted to rectify the situation. Thank you Ripoff.com for your help!
Seymour, Connecticut
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 08/10/2005 06:00 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Ap9-Galleria-USA/internet/Ap9-Galleria-USA-Amazingly-rectified-their-Rip-Off-Scheme-Internet-153266. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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If you have any love of games whatsoever you will get your ass into this thread on neoGAF. It's a redesign of game box covers in the style of the Criterion Collection, a company that produces masterful collector's editions of classic films and is also famous for their superb graphic design and arresting covers. Everyman Books also has some great covers that can be used for inspiration.
Some of the first avatars I used on 1UP were from Criterion. Thread is full of some epic re-imaginings of our traditional gaming pastime, including such gems as Shadow of the Colossus and SimAnt. It's brilliant. Seriously, look at it now. Some of these can be printed and used to replace the craptastic covers you may have right now. I've made my contribution.
Goshdarnit, I still can't log into NeoGAF to post my designs.
This is actually quite addictive.


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Gangster Twitch. TRUST ME.
Zed's default skin is SO much better than his alt, you're better of saving your money. Yeah, some people think having a skin for a champion makes them a better player or something, or sets them apart from people using the default skins, but there's a number of default skins that, in my opinion, look FAR better than any of the RP skins (Zed, Miss Fortune, Volibear, Syndra, Zac, Evilynn, etc, etc).
You are not allowed to request a sticky.


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- Report: #463659
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Healthy Homes
Healthy Homes3230 Jefferson Bld, Unit 2 Windsor, Ontario Canada
Healthy Homes Ripping off OLD people, Selling 2 units in 1 year!!!! Windsor Ontario
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Click here now..
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Corporate Advocacy Program™
The first unit purchased in 08 was used from April thru June of 08. All it needed was filters that he could never get a reply from the company. (6) times. They then came in April of 09, and talked him into purchasing a unit large enough to clean an entire home, he only used the living room of his apartment as he was confined to it. They state on there contract "25 free years of service" you can never get them to call you back!!!. My step father used the new unit for 3 weeks, he was hospitalized and has passed. I still can not get a reply from the company. You have 30 days to return the unit for a full refund. I now know why they do not answer there messages.
These people need to be stopped. How can they sleep at night knowing they ripped off an old man!!! The first unit used for 3 months and the second used for 3 weeks. The salesman Patrick Webb took 8 hours to install a plug in unit!!!. He should of replaced the filters in the unit purchased one year prior. But with out guilt of ripping off an old man he sold yet another unit to him. I have tried and tried to contact them leaving 3 messages and then there mail box is full!!! Please beware of what you are throwing your money away on when you deal with this company.
Wallaceburg, Ontario
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/22/2009 10:55 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Healthy-Homes/Windsor-Ontario-N8T-2W8/Healthy-Homes-Ripping-off-OLD-people-Selling-2-units-in-1-year-Windsor-Ontario-463659. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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- Only search one name at a time if Company has many AKA's.
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


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Good morning!
I'm running into some issues when attempting to upload media. This doesn't appear to be image size or dimension specific. I'm receiving the error below for a 53kb file or a 2mb file.
Fatal error: Maximum execution time of 30 seconds exceeded in /home/smithand/public_html/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-image-editor.php on line 334
The upload progress bar will reach 100%. The error is displayed when attempting to crunch the image.
I've deactivated my plugins, re-installed 3.5 and re-activated the plug-ins. Unfortunately, the error still shows.
The interesting part is that once I go back the media centre, the image(s) in question display. However, if I attempt to 'view' them, I get the following error:
Catchable fatal error: Object of class WP_Error could not be converted to string in /home/smithand/public_html/wordpress/wp-content/themes/shoppica/library/core.php on line 549
I've never had a problem with the image size in the past. Any help would be much appreciated!


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Nov 20, 2016
Akram Khan
Valley Performing Arts Center - Cal State - Northridge, CA
Akram Khan Tickets and Seating Information
Once you have browsed the Akram Khan show schedule and found the date that works for you, select the seats that work for you from the venue-seating chart. Then enter your payment information into our secure server. Your Akram Khan tickets are guaranteed to be authentic and exact to the seats you chose. Your Akram Khan tickets will be delivered to you before the show starts. Vivid Seats is a leading source for affordable dance tickets and ballet tickets. Vivid Seats is a licensed Akram Khan ticket broker. If you have questions regarding your Akram Khan ticket order, or if you would prefer to order by phone, please contact us at: 866-848-8499. Here at Vivid Seats we are always happy to help and prepared to address any issues you may have. Thank you for choosing Vivid Seats as your source for ballet tickets.


text: On Tue, Oct 14, 2008 at 1:33 AM, Mike Chambers <mike miketc net> wrote: > I have an nvidia chipset, and I see the same thing the OP mentioned. So > this isn't what is shown with ATI Cards/chipsets? If not, what do > *they* see? Is there a screen shot out there somewhere of what *should* > be shown? There is a FIXME on https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/BetterStartup [I can throw something up there when I sort out my FAS login...] However even with ATI cards, Plymouth sometimes does the progress bar, sometimes the pretty infinity thing. Depends maybe on KMS or boot params. jerry -- There's plenty of youth in America - it's time we find the "fountain of smart".


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2 Amplification in the AC Domain
a. What is the expected amplification of a BJT transistor amplifier if the dc supply is set to zero volts?
b. What will happen to the output ac signal if the dc level is insufficient? Sketch the effect on the waveform.
c. What is the conversion efficiency of an amplifier in which the effective value of the current through a 2.2-kohms load is 5 mA and the drain on the 18-V dc supply is 3.8 mA?
4 The re Transistor Model
Using the model of Fig. 16, determine the following for a common-emitter amplifier if B = 80, IE (dc) = 2 mA, and r0 = 40 kohms.
The input impedance to a common-emitter transistor amplifier is 1.2 kohms with B = 140,ro = 50 kohms, and RL= 2.7 kohms. Determine:
a. re.
b. Ibif Vi = 30 mV.
c. Ic.
d. Ai=Io/Ii = IL/Ib.
e. Av= V0/Vi.
6 Voltage-Divider Bias
For the network of Fig. 153:
a. Determine re.
b. Calculate Zi and Z0.
c. Find Av.
d. Repeat parts (b) and (c) with ro = 25 kohms.


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Klitschko on His Decision To Cancel, What's Next, More
By Ruslan Chikov
IBO/WBA/WBO/IBF heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko feels the right decision was made when he announced his withdrawal from this Saturday's fight with former cruiserweight king Jean-Marc Mormeck. Klitschko felt ill over the weekend and had to undergo surgery on Saturday to remove a kidney stone. On Monday, Klitschko still felt a lot of pain and knew the best decision was to withdrew from the fight, which is likely going to take place on the postponed date of March 3rd at ESPRIT arena in Düsseldorf, Germany.
"The decision to postpone the fight was the right one. The main thing is your health. I could not enter this fight without being 100% ready. I'm very sorry for the boxing fans who were anticipating this upcoming fight. But, the fight is not being canceled completely, only postponed. The pain came unexpectedly and was unpredictable and uncontrollable. Probably on March 3rd, this fight will happen," Klitschko said.
"My mother once had a stone in the kidney. She said childbirth was easier than dealing with the stone. I can't compare these two things, but I feel a deep respect for any woman who gives a child to the world. Anyone who has experienced this kind of pain can understand - it is difficult to describe. The last four days, I was in hell and I'm glad that I'm now in a position to give an interview."
"A year ago, I unfortunately had to cancel another fight. This is what happens in life and sometimes in sports. When you lose, then nobody cares whether you're ready or hwther you were 100%. When I enter the ring, I want to be ready. Right now I'm going to take further tests to make sure that there is no cause for serious concern. I am very pleased with the university clinic in Dusseldorf, they have done everything necessary. Unfortunately, it was not enough so I could go into battle, but I'm glad that life goes on without pain."
Great to hear you're recovering, champ. You and your brother are the best HW's ever!Comment by Dazzaman on 12-06-2011
Kidney stones are terribly painful, one of the worst pains anyone could have... I doubt he'd duck the frog out of fear...good boxer & tough as nails but Mormeck doesn't have a KO punch to speak of.Comment by Someone88 on 12-06-2011
Respect to Wladimir he'll be fighting soon!Comment by MASTERFUL on 12-06-2011
[QUOTE=Tiozzo;11526836]the irony.....[/QUOTE] says the mentally ill Klitschko hater. You and The Devil should be in straitjackets.Comment by Tiozzo on 12-06-2011
[QUOTE=MASTERFUL;11526711]You need to check yourself into a mental hospital.[/QUOTE] the irony.....Post a Comment - View More User Comments (12)


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Yesterday, Spotify released a Sound Of The Summer playlist, featuring the most streamed tracks of the past few months, including 'We Are Young' by Fun. feat. Janelle Monáe, Flo Rida's 'Whistle' and various other forgettable hits. Will you remember those songs forever as representative of summer 2012? I'm not convinced they make the grade.
'Song of the summer' is a concept we're all familiar with - the inescapable seasonal smash that blares out of builders' radios and open car windows, plays on MTV three times an hour, rouses the biggest cheers on dancefloors and at festivals, and transports you back to an exact time and place. When someone plays Spiller's 'Groovejet (If This Ain't Love) I can almost smell the paella and suncream of my first holiday aboard on the razz. If I hear, "What's she going to look like with a chimney on her?" (the key lyric from 'Feel' It by The Tamperer feat. Maya) I'm sitting in an orchard with my guinea pig eating a cheese string. The intensity of this recall is often due to that one earwormy line that becomes the strongest little blighter of the year.
It's harder, today, to pinpoint one summer hit. 'Crazy', the debut from Gnarls Barkley, defined 2006. 2003 was all about Beyonce's 'Crazy In Love'. I'd suggest Dizzee Rascal's 'Bonkers' for 2009. The years after are more difficult.
Why is this? An article in the New York Times suggests that the power of radio to propel a song to number one has fallen. Instead, the viral response video, it argues, is the "modern equivalent of heavy radio play". The writer uses the example of Carly Rae Jepsen's widely-covered 'Call Me Maybe' as an example of this generational shift. "Hitmakers realise that young listeners turn to YouTube in the way earlier generations turned to radio and MTV".
Rowan Collinson, a producer at 6 Music, disagrees.
It's utter nonsense. It was high radio rotation which gave 'Call Me Maybe' the staying power. The song was 'A-listed' at Radio 1, Capital and Kiss and has been in the airplay top five for 20 weeks, eight of those at number one.He also points out that, far from tailing off in the digital age, radio listening figures in the UK, are higher than ever. If you want a number one hit, radio play is still the most important factor.
In fact, Maroon 5's 'Payphone' is the biggest record of the summer statistically (A-list at Radio 1, 2, Capital and Heart). Collinson asks the question on everyone's lips: "Would you describe it as a summer smash though? I've heard it a lot but musically it's not anthemic in the way that those big late 90s summer dance records we grew up with (i.e ATB, Energy 52, Darude etc) were, so perhaps that's why it doesn't resonate as much."
Could the atomisation of listening habits be to blame? Streaming services, music blogs and and a plethora of genres and sub-genres have split music fans into their own niche worlds. Has the sheer amount of choices we have diluted the power of that one summer anthem? Collinson wonders how true this is: "I don't think listening habits are nearly as fragmented as people like you and me would like to think. It's very rare that a mainstream record is broken without an A-List on Radio 1 and/or the Capital radio network, unless it's come through the other big mainstream route, X Factor. Saturday night TV and Radio 1 - we could be living in the 1980s!"
The rise of The X Factor is another suspect. The high spots in the charts over the last couple of years have been dominated by Simon Cowell's cabal and their mediocre offerings. This might just be a temporary dry period that will end when we get bored with TV talent competitions.
We asked readers what they consider to be the pop hit of this summer. Of course Carly Mae Jepsen's 'Call Me Maybe' and Gotye's 'Somebody That I Used To Know' turned up (though Jepsen's track was around at the end of last year and Gotye's released last July so they don't really count). Others mentioned Rudimental's 'Feel The Love', Haim's 'Forever', 'Tessellate' by Alt-J, 'Teenage Icon' by The Vaccines and David Bowie's 'Heroes' for the Olympics connection.
Anyway, perhaps it's greedy of us to expect a summer banger every single year. I bet you can't name more than five really good Christmas songs. Still, the attraction of the summer hit is potent. The magic is in its ability to unite; everyone loves it, everyone sings it, everyone plays it, everyone eventually groans at it. If all the elements are there, it snowballs through the media its promoted through, be it radio, music television, record shops, to embed itself in popular consciousness and touch millions of people. Also, it uses one of the basic functions of music as a whole: to make people smile and have a good time. For that reason, I reckon we've got another Mambo No.5 in us.
Photo: PA


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Apple Gift Idea and Free Printable Tag
Apple Gift Idea and Free Printable Tag I'm sharing an Apple Basket Gift idea with a free printable tag today! I love giving neighbors, friends and family members gift baskets. Every gift is better in a basket:) We found Paper Mart and love their site. Especially for gift wrapping, baskets, boxes, ribbon, containers, floral items and more! Perfect for business owners too that need to have cute packaging for their goods, and order in bulk. I loved their basket selection. I found … [Read More...]


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Cute girl next door, bound, face fucked, made to cum over & over, brutal bondage and pussy torture!
Welcome Remy LaCroix to Hogtied. This cute as a kitten girl did her first ever shoot with Kink. Now she is quickly becoming one of the hottest names in porn right now. But the best part is when you put ropes on her. She instantly becomes a sexual submissive whore, … Continue reading


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West Bend singer to compete in international karaoke contest
Noelle Braun of West Bend will be heading to Finland to represent the United States in the Karaoke World Finals Nov. 28.
Braun took the state title in September at Pillars Pub in West Bend and won the female national championship in Florence, Ky. Nov. 3. »Read Full Article
Katy Perry; Motorhead; Trivium; Toad the Wet Sprocket; Brett Dennen; Brandy Clark
Katy Perry »Read Full Article
Candy Chang's 'Before I Die...' comes to Milwaukee
There is something about a death that can be focusing. For New Orleans artist Candy Chang, the loss of a dear friend, initially lead to a long period of grief and depression that eventually turned to gratitude and clarity.
She wanted to know what was important, to her and to those in her around her. So the artist, known for her placemaking projects and urban planning ideas, painted the side of an abandoned building with chalkboard paint and stenciled the words, "Before I die I want to..." onto it. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
On Tap Today: Ben Sollee at Shank Hall
Cellist Ben Sollee takes his "Ditch the Van" tour to Shank Hall tonight. Photo provided by Shank Hall. »Read Full Blog Post


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Hi all! I'm trying to display the main shop catalog thumbnails in a grid as all square thumbnails.
- I can do this with CSS if I knew where the code to output the actual <img> tags is hiding out. (I would replace the <img> tags with a <div> that has a background image set to background-size:cover; and a predefined height/width making the div square.
- or if there is a way to have the thumbnails default to square when they are created that would work.
Any help is greatly appreciated!!


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Hot air ballooning is one of the most unique and popular attractions in Cappadocia. Feel the exhilaration of morning-fresh country air.
Cappadocia Ez-Air Balloons offers these wondrous adventures in a traditional Champagne Hot Air Balloon Flight above the beauty of Cappadocia. Imagine floating as gently as a cloud above the glorious vistas of beautiful valleys in Cappadocia!
There is no better way to see the Cappadocia than by a gentle, free-floating balloon flight over the unique rock formations, valleys and vineyards.
Instead of organising short and long flights with different prices, we preferred to have a single flight which lasts minimum 1 hour. On the shorts flights, you just have the feeling of flying over Cappadocia but miss a lot on the other hand. Our pilots say that "Duration of 'minimum one hour' is an ideal time both to have the feeling of flying and to see 'a lot' in this unique landscape".
Cappadocia Ez Air Balloons, hot air balloon flight costs 150 EURO per person. Prices are includes all the things you need. For more information and detail explanation please visit "rates" pages.
Inflating the balloon in the crisp pre-dawn air.
Launching at sunrise when the winds are soft and light.
Reveling in the fascination of flight and majestic views.
Celebrating your journey with a Champagne Brunch Celebration!
Receiving your certificate of ascension.
If you have a special day in mind, it's best to book a couple of weeks in advance, otherwise we will give you the next available flight time which is convenient for you. If the weather doesn't co-operate on your selected day an alternate time will be arranged.
Ez-Air Balloons was established in 1991 with the aim of organizing top quality & the safest balloon tours and has been doing this with different sizes of balloons since then. We all do our best to provide the most memorable flights. We use up-to-date, modern equipment flown by experienced and Turkish Aviation licensed pilots.
The name "Cappadocia" dates back to Persian times, when the region was called as "katpatukya" meaning "Land of beautiful horses". Since that time Cappadocia has seen the rise and fall of many different civilizations.
In recent times, Cappadocia is best known for its unique landscape of valleys and rock formations, known as fairy chimneys.
I have never seen a sunrise neither have never done something adventures in my life.
The hot air balloon is worth every penny! Highly recommended!
We had Hasan Ezel who said he was the first balloon pilot in Turkey and has been flying every day for 29 years. Couldn't be in safer hands. AMAZING and unforgettable experience.
Amazing place, amazing view!! In wnet on my Birthday there, so can say that was the best present I could have! recommend!!!
It can be overwhelming to pick up one company to do the balloon trip. My sister and I we didn't escapee this dilemma. After several hours of reviewing different options we decided to go through Ez Air Balloon.
It was so quite and peaceful floating over this magnificent landscape. Definitely worth the experience if you have the chance.
Hot air ballooning is the only way to see the splendors of Cappadocia. What a wonderful experience. EZ and our pilot could not have been nicer or make us feel any safer. Loved it.
Is there something you wonder about your trip,
about Cappadocia or our services?
Just let us reply your questions…


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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Here To Stay
Features of This Trackhard rock roots
extensive vamping
a clear focus on recording studio production
minor key tonality
dirty electric guitar riffs
a gravelly male vocalist
an aggressive male vocalist
angry lyrics
vocal harmonies
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
Gonna tie my pecker to a tree to a tree
Gonna tie his pecker to a tree
このミュージシャンたちは と て も 上 手 で す よ ! ! !
Anticipating all the f**ked up feelings again.... ...I wish I could cut feelings off. ..
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I posted on the end of a 5-month old thread several days ago, and I suspect this may be the cause for the lack of reply.
My problem also seems to differ slightly from the rest of that thread, so we'll bump, and give the new information here.
I've had this problem on my newly installed WP's. Install, and WP sends standard 'admin' login email. Good.
New user signs up, sends admin notification email. Good.
Sends user password email - not received.
New user attempts password recovery. "Email sent successfully" - not received.
I've traced through the entire registration process as far as email sending, as well as the password recovery process, and I can't make any sense of why it works for half the processes, and not the other. This is problem is always the same - always sends the admin notifications of new users, but never sends anything else (even for admin password recovery).
WordPress is telling me it's version 2.0.5. If I can offer any more assistance in finding the bug, let me know :)
Edit: On a quick review of my 3 WP's, the first is a sub.domain.com/, the other 2 are sub.domain.com/dir. the first is as described above, the 2 in directories appear to send recovery and new user emails and to admin, but nothing else appears to be working.
That was the first post. Nothing much changed, I went through the PHP, put in some echo's, everything appeared 'normal'. I came back and posted a little more info:
Just thought I'd add a little more detail. This is all running on a Debian Linux server using PHP 5.1.6-4, and Apache2. No errors appear to be arising from the mail command, and from what I can tell, it's sending all emails. The problem doesn't appear to be wordpress itself (although it's possible that I missed something in the format of the email itself), rather something between the mail() function in PHP, and the sendmail command? It just seems rather peculiar that half the emails are sending, and half aren't - and it seems to be always the same ones in each group.
Doesn't make a lot of sense near the end - it was rather early in the morning and I was yet to sleep.
It's always the same: The admin 'WordPress created' email always sends. The admin 'New user' email always sends. The user 'Password notification' email never sends. The user 'Password reset' email never sends.
Last night I upgraded to 2.0.6, following the instructions, and nothing has changed. The admin 'New user' email still always sends. The user 'Password notification' email still never sends. The user 'Password reset' email still never sends.
If I have time, I'll go back through the code and see if I can find where it's going wrong, but this task seems pointless if other people are having the same problem and have found their own solutions that they're willing to share.


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Ohioan's - Nitro's Law
Over a year ago
First off I suggest anyone that lives in Ohio go like Nitro Foundation's Facebook page:
Basically Nitro's Law is a step to make all animal abuse in Ohio a felony. To help push harsher punishments for animal abusers who are currently getting slaps on the wrist normally not even the max punishment which itself is not much of a punishment at all.
I myself normally don't pay as much attention or at least put as much time in to supporting issues when it comes to companion animals since there is obviously more people who support issues when it comes to companion animals. Though lately it seems there has been an increase in the average animal cruelty stories at least around where I live in Ohio.
The bill for Nitro's Law has been introduced many times in the past years but every time has basically died off with no action from the Ohio Senate. It will be introduced again in 2013. So the more support they get and the more people that contact government officials on this the more likely it will be to pass.
Also the Nitro Foundation is good about hosting events and things all the time. Posting information on cruelty cases and forming peaceful rallies at the court cases. As well as holding other events at festivals and things to spread awareness about Nitro's Law. They post things for all over Ohio they have current events planned for Cleveland, Toledo, Sandusky, Jefferson and Hillsboro.
So if you live in Ohio you should go like it right now to stay informed. As well as help spread the word and maybe volunteer or show up at some of their events.
Please log in to reply.
Over a year ago
Liked it. If they plan an event in Columbus, I'll definitely go to that. I'm glad there are other people in Ohio who actually give a crap!You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


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Synonyms of hop in English:
2 informal she hopped over the Atlantic
go, dash;
travel, journey;
jet, fly
informal pop, whip, nip
nounBack to top
Definition of hop in:
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Upstate News
Kathleen Paice 315 464-4839
SUNY Upstate Medical University students get matched with residency programs on nationwide Match Day
At noon Thursday, March 21, 149 fourth-year students from SUNY Upstate Medical University's College of Medicine joined 14,336 graduating medical students from across the country in learning where they will spend their first year of training (or residency) in their chosen specialty.
This annual rite of passage, known as Match Day, was established in 1952 by the National Resident Matching Program of the Association of American Medical Colleges. The matching program provides an orderly and fair way to match the preferences of applicants for U.S. residency positions with the residency program's choice of applicants. It also provides a common time for the announcement of the appointments, as well as an agreement for programs and applicants to honor the commitment to offer and accept an appointment if a match results.
At Upstate Medical University:
- 46 percent (69 individuals) of the fourth-year medical students will enter the primary care specialties of internal medicine, family practice, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology and a combined medicine/pediatrics program;
- 52 percent (78 individuals) will remain in New York state;
- 18 percent (27 individuals) will remain at Upstate, including Clinical Campus at Binghamton.
In addition to matching its students to programs throughout the country, Upstate Medical University must also fill its own residency positions.
According to William Grant, Ed.D., associate dean for the SUNY Upstate's graduate medical education, SUNY Upstate has filled all 78 first-year positions and all 14 of its advanced positions.
Since 1952, the NRMP has served as an initial indicator of the career interests of U.S. medical school graduates and other physicians who seek training in U.S. residency programs.
In the months prior to Match Day, students submit resumes and interview at hospitals. In February, both hospitals and students rank their choices for placement. The match process is conducted primarily through the Web. A computer center in Washington, D.C., the National Resident Matching Program, generates the matches.
Search Upstate News
Upstate in the News
- New York Teen Donates Kidney to Younger Brother: 'This Was My Chance to Save Him'
- Syracuse teen receives kidney transplant from older brother
WTVH CBS5 Syracuse
- Inside the Mind of the Munich Mass Killer
Psychology Today
- How 'Determined Danielle' became president of Upstate Medical University
Syracuse Post Standard
- BRCA Gene Mutations May Influence Prostate Cancer Risk
Renal and Urology News
- Upstate Medical to use nearly $200,000 in NSF funding to fight Zika virus
Central New York Business Journal


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Jefferson Hack Raises the Party Bar in London
Notably, there were no hash brownies on the menu this time.By Kate Hutchinson
Notably, there were no hash brownies on the menu this time.By Kate Hutchinson
They wore their finest somber McQueen looks.By Amy Odell
Lovely and mournful.By Edith Zimmerman
Like it? Hate it? The internet is divided.By Edith Zimmerman
The video appears in the Finnish children's movie 'Moomins and the Comet Chase.'By Edith Zimmerman
The eagerly anticipated, 'National Geographic'–benefiting album is out today.By Edith Zimmerman
Well, at least according to this new teaser video for Björk and Dirty Projectors' 'Mount Wittenberg Orca.'By Amos Barshad
It's a ghostly acoustic song.By Edith Zimmerman
Wait for the solo at the end.By Edith Zimmerman
It's pretty nuts, in a great way.By Edith Zimmerman
Spooky.By Edith Zimmerman
Kevin McEnroe is working as a bartender.By Daniel Maurer
It looks like the alt super-couple has a new home — with a nice new price tag.By S. Jhoanna Robledo
Plus: Is Judy Blume a nymphomaniac?By Emma Pearse
It was like she couldn't decide between going out or doing some track work on the subway.By Jada Yuan
The 'Post' and 'New York' shine a light on B.East and Chloe 81.By Daniel Maurer
Plus: Department of Eagles!By Ehren Gresehover
The critic, known for his annual best- and worst-dressed lists, was 86.By Amy Odell
Plus: Tricky was just not that into Björk.By Stan Park
Keeping it casual when we caught up with him, Amour Boykin says tracks on his iPod influence his style.By Amy Odell


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At Panjiva we've built the premier platform for working with global trade data. Our clients include manufacturers, retailers, logistics, legal, and financial companies hailing from over 100 countries. They use Panjiva to gather insights into global trade trends, find new suppliers and customers, monitor supply chain relationships, optimize logistics networks, and much more. Panjiva's award-winning and patented technology leverages machine learning to provide powerful search, analysis and visualization tools over more than a billion shipping records and 100 million indexed web pages. The Panjiva platform handles millions of requests a day from users all over the world. Sound interesting? Join our small and elite team as we revolutionize the $15 trillion global trade industry.
Panjiva is a great place to see your passion for tech and stats applied to the exciting and important world of international trade. Statistics and machine learning are a lot cooler when you're dealing with a country's imports and exports!
Peter, Data Scientist
Panjiva takes affirmative action to employ and advance in employment qualified individuals with disabilities. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or physical or mental disabilities.


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Jonathan Moscone, Artistic Director, California Shakespeare Company
Representative, San Francisco Shakespeare Company
Additional Panelists TBA
How have California's long-established theater companies encountered, engaged and presented LGBT themes in Shakespeare – from cross-dressing to gender confusion to openly gay love – including one company led by an openly gay man who was recently married in a high-level ceremony? Live performances of classic scenes from Shakespeare will be presented.
Rochelle A. Fortier, Human Rights and Immigration Attorney, Nwadibia — Chair
Panelists TBA Read more »
Cecilia Chung, Health Commissioner, City and County of San Francisco; Senior Strategist, Transgender Law Center; Former Chair, San Francisco Human Rights Commission Read more »
Nancy C. Unger, Ph.D., Professor of History, Santa Clara University Read more »
Jason Collins, Professional Basketball Player
In Conversation with Jose Antonio Vargas, Director, Define American; Producer/Director, Documented Read more »
Josie Lehrer, ScD, Founder/Director, Men's Story Project; Senior Technical Specialist, Gender, Violence and Health, International Center for Research on Women Read more »
Brad Erickson, Playwright; Executive Director, Theatre Bay Area
Ed Decker, Founding Artistic Director, New Conservatory
Jewelle Gomez, Author; Poet; Activist
Lenore Chinn, Painter; Board Member, Queer Cultural Center Read more »
Marcy Adelman, Ph.D., LGBT Activist; Founder, Open House Read more »
DJ Peterson, President, Longview Capital Advisors; Twitter @dj_longview
Additional panelists TBA Read more »
James C. Hormel, Former U.S. Ambassador, Luxembourg; Author; Philanthropist; Political Activist
In conversation with Dr. Sandra Hernández, President and CEO, California HealthCare Foundation
Introduction by John Boland, President and CEO, KQED San Francisco Read more »


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I moved a wp installation from my dev-system to the live-system.
At the dev system the pi worked fine (thanks!)
At the live system only to icons are displayed for all themes at the settings-page (pinterest and rss). In the pi folder /images/themes/.. all icons can be found but not at the settings page.
Perhaps wrong db entries?
Thank you


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Self-reliance and sustainability in the 21st century.
By Brooke Werley
sustainable farming, sustainable agriculture, young farmers, homesteading and livestock, Agrarian Trust, Brooke Werley
When I first heard of the project, I misheard Agrarian Trust, instead hearing A Growing Trust. I liked it. In the dreams of many young farmers is a growing sense of renewing a trust in the land that helped build the agricultural beginnings of this country.
Now, we stand on a precipice. U.S. Department of Agriculture studies have shown that the average age of farm operators is rising. The fastest growing group is those 65 or older, and in 2007 the average age was 58. In 1945, the average age was 39.
New movements, spearheaded by organizations like the Greenhorns have encouraged young people to go back to the roots, fruits and leafy green of the American farm. They are an enthusiastic bunch of new agrarianites ready to fill the muddy boots of aging farmers. Yet, these young would-be farmers often find themselves stalled by the lack of another kind of green.
Increasingly unaffordable agricultural land often seems to make farming seem inaccessible to those without the cash: an unacceptable outcome in a world that will need a predicted 50 percent more food by 2030.
The Agrarian Trust seeks to change this. This is the first phase of what we hope will transform the way agricultural land is treated, transferred and entrusted.
Photo by Fotolia/Maksud
The Daily Commute
The Open Book
Cold Antler Farm
Agricultural Law
The View From the Farm
Tiny Farm Blog
You Grow Girl
Root Simple
Beyond Pesticides
Sustainable Table
The Crunchy Chicken
Farm Policy
Center for Rural Affairs
Two Frog Home
The Unusual Farm Chick
Farmgirl Fare
A Homesteading Neophyte
Self Sufficient 'Ish'
The Tangled Nest
Heirloom Girl
Pay Now & Save 67% Off the Cover Price
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FiltersShow / Hide
- All Events
- Music
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- Sport
- Cinema
- Festivals
- Days Out
- Edinburgh Fringe
- Anywhere In The UK
- Location: Anywhere in the UK
Radius: ... miles
Scottish Comedian Of The Year 2006 returns with his dark, sarcastic, hilarious take on the world. A mix of dark humour with cutting observations and clever one-liners.
Prepare to be shocked.
'A star in the making' (The List)
'An unquestionably talented writer and performer... great jokes, and lots of them' (The Daily Telegraph)
'A remarkably accomplished stage presence... blistering material which pushes dangerously near the boundaries of good taste' (The Sunday Times).
Image © Leslie Black
Mark Nelson tour dates listed on Ents24.com since Aug 2005.
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Jeff Innocent, Mark Nelson, Damian Clark
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Take a sneak peek at the new NIST.gov and let us know what you think!
(Please note: some content may not be complete on the beta site.).
December 2012
Ending the Year Contemplating Growth
I always like to end a year with an optimistic view of the future. This year, MESA became the sixth two-time winner of the Baldrige Award; all six winners having experienced growth between the times they received the award. That fact led me to contemplate factors leading to the sustainability and growth of any business or enterprise.
Dr. Harry Hertz, Director
Baldrige Customer Service:


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Open AccessThis article is
Notes: Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.
- freely available
- re-usable
Forests 2012, 3(2), 179-189; doi:10.3390/f3020179
Improving Woody Biomass Estimation Efficiency Using Double Sampling
1 Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky, 210 Thomas Poe Cooper Building, Lexington, KY 40546, USA 2 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3 Mountain Association for Community Economic Development (MACED), 433 Chestnut Street, Berea, KY 40403, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 20 March 2012 / Revised: 19 April 2012 / Accepted: 20 April 2012 / Published: 3 May 2012
View Full-Text | Download PDF [202 KB, uploaded 3 May 2012] |
AbstractAlthough double sampling has been shown to be an effective method to estimate timber volume in forest inventories, only a limited body of research has tested the effectiveness of double sampling on forest biomass estimation. From forest biomass inventories collected over 9,683 ha using systematic point sampling, we examined how a double sampling scheme would have affected precision and efficiency in these biomass inventories. Our results indicated that double sample methods would have yielded biomass estimations with similar precision as systematic point sampling when the small sample was ≥ 20% of the large sample. When the small to large sample time ratio was 3:1, relative efficiency (a combined measure of time and precision) was highest when the small sample was a 30% subsample of the large sample. At a 30% double sample intensity, there was a < 3% deviation from the original percent margin of error and almost half the required time. Results suggest that double sampling can be an efficient tool for natural resource managers to estimate forest biomass.
Keywords: forest biomass; inventory design; prism sampling; point double sample
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Parrott, D.L.; Lhotka, J.M.; Fei, S.; Shouse, B.S. Improving Woody Biomass Estimation Efficiency Using Double Sampling. Forests 2012, 3, 179-189.View more citation formats
AMA Style
Parrott DL, Lhotka JM, Fei S, Shouse BS. Improving Woody Biomass Estimation Efficiency Using Double Sampling. Forests. 2012; 3(2):179-189.Chicago/Turabian Style
Parrott, David L.; Lhotka, John M.; Fei, Songlin; Shouse, B. Scott. 2012. "Improving Woody Biomass Estimation Efficiency Using Double Sampling." Forests 3, no. 2: 179-189.
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trying to catch my floating hat
More Lightning in Florida
Lightning storm in Florida
On my way back home after a short visit. On the Blue Ridge Parkway about 50 miles
north of the city.
Incoming storm – Dunedin, FL
School buses to infinity
Low tide in Pacifica, CA
Concorde at Heathrow
The golden age of digital photography
A few years ago someone asked how the camera will evolve, what would the next camera look like. I held up my smart phone, "everyone will have a camera in their pocket and there will be millions more photographs". It was just a guess. I didn't think it would lead to more great photographs, necessarily, just more photographs. That was wrong, there are more great photographs. Digital cameras can do things that film cameras never could.
I know it's not about the camera, the camera doesn't take a great photograph, the photographer does and it's about having great things happening in front of the camera but not having a camera is no longer the problem.
Just look at what's happened to the typical SLR that once shot film with manual controls:
Now just about every camera system sold is auto focus with auto exposure. With several auto focus and auto exposure configurations.
1. Two or three digital formats: RAW or TIFF, JPG.
2. Image stabilization or vibration reduction in the camera and/or in the lenses
3. Different color working spaces, sRBG, ProPhoto, Adobe 1998.
4. Excellent Digital Video included .
5.Two viewers, the eye level and the rear screen and many cameras have touch screens.
6. Wireless transfer, GPS tracking,
7. Now the DSLR has shrunk in size and lost the mirror box.
8. In camera noise reduction and sharpening.
9. Built in camera modules that will produce a toy camera effect, or sepia, and there are program modes for difficult lighting situations and presets for portraits and sports. And even smart phones now have a setting for time lapse, panorama, video and high dynamic range photography.
And on top of this there is post production where anyone can use a computer program that will allow them completely change the look of the photograph.
This has got to be the golden age of the Digital Camera and Digital Photography.


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King of the Bingo Game
by Ralph Ellison
The Movie
Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory
"King of the Bingo Game" is a doomed story from the start. Although the protagonist momentarily believes that he really can control his destiny, he's ultimately trapped in a "fixed" world. The world is like the movie he watches – no matter how many times he watches sees the movie, it will always play out the same way.
The protagonist has seen this particular movie three times. He knows exactly how it will end. Yet he cannot help wondering what would happen "if a picture got out of hand" (8). This indicates that despite the rigidity of a movie and of a life where "everything is fixed," the protagonist is still hopeful and still willing to dream about free will. We see this dream borne out later when the protagonist refuses to relinquish the button because he dreams of the ability to control his own destiny.