text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 10, 2006
|Filing date
|Nov 27, 2002
|Priority date
|Oct 1, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David Thomas Brown
|Original Assignee
|Trinity Convergence, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (10), Classifications (6), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/415,217, filed Oct. 1, 2002, entitled "System, Software and Method for Implementing an Integrated, Device Independent, Packet Telephony Framework Software Solution," the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated by reference herein.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of packet telephony, and in particular, for translating telephone calls between dissimilar networks, such as dissimilar packet switched networks or such as the translation of legacy telephone calls on the public switched telephone network into packets for transmission on packet networks, e.g., IP networks.
2. Description of the Background
With the development and proliferation of packet (IP and ATM) networks, there has arisen an opportunity of further deploying or communicating traditional telephone calls traditionally being communicated over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) as voice over packet (Voice over IP or Voice over ATM) communication on traditional data networks.
In such environments, when it is desired to translate between two or more networks, there is typically provided a gateway between the networks which translates the format of the voice, fax or data between the formats used in each of the networks.
Functionally the gateway must be capable of the following:
Gateways are normally constructed using a number of specialized processors with dedicated software to carry out the various functions outlined above. Processors typically used include Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Network Processors (NPs) and Embedded Control Processors. The architecture is generally closed and there is a tight coupling between the processors used, their layout and interconnect, and the software running on each processor.
In the construction of a packet telephony gateway, it is common for a gateway manufacturer to license software components from a number of independent software suppliers. The software is typically targeted to a single processor or small selection of processors. Further, the software will typically impose constraints on how the processors are connected. Lastly, the software is typically "closed" and does not allow the gateway manufacturer to customize or extend the software for his own particular system.
In accordance with the invention described herein, there is provided a silicon platform independent gateway solution, realized using software that presents a number of Application Programmer Interfaces (APIs), enabling the easy customization and/or extension of the software system. Thus, the problems involved with the current solutions are avoided and a highly flexible solution is provided.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a framework approach, in both hardware and software configuration, which permits gateway developers to innovate and customize their systems, while still using the software framework as the basis for their software. Hardware developers can design interprocessor communications mechanisms and other data transfer and peripheral access mechanisms, and the framework will support porting to these systems through suitable abstraction of physical interfaces. Software developers can extend the functionality of the packet telephony gateway framework with their own software.
More specifically, the architecture of the system and method described herein is made up of four distinct components or modules. A first component is what can be referred to as a Media Engine module responsible for the termination and handling (including transcoding and other media processing) of channels of data in real time. The system is scaleable and can be realized using an appropriate mix of Digital Signal Processors and Network Processors.
A small (low channel capacity) system can be realized using a single DSP capable of terminating packet and circuit switched data streams, without the need for a dedicated Network Processor. A large (high channel capacity) system can be realized using a Network Processor and array of Digital Signal Processors with a high speed interconnect between the Network Processor and the Digital Signal Processor(s).
The Media Engine includes a Data Manager function which provides termination for packet and circuit switched data channels. The Data Manager can be realized using an external device such as a Network Processor (or other general purpose processor capable of terminating packet and circuit switched channels) that is accessible from the DSP, or, using a software task on a DSP with suitable packet and circuit switched physical interfaces. A defined Data Manager Interface resident on the digital signal processor(s) allows data to be transmitted and received using the Data Manager. The Data Manager Interface provides a consistent data interface to the remainder of the DSP software, regardless of the realization of the Data Manager function. As will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, the Data Manager can be split, so that packet data is terminated on an external Network Processor, and circuit switched data is terminated directly on the DSP. In this mode of operation the Data Manager Interface still provides the same, consistent interface.
Each DSP includes a Scheduler software component or module. The Scheduler is run periodically (typically every 10 ms, although this rate is configurable) and on each invocation receives input data for all channels from the Data Manager Interface, receives commands from the Administrator function (see below), modifies channel configuration based on received commands, provides input data to each channel, processes the input data for each channel and generates any required output data, receives output data for each channel, packages output data for transmission, transmits output data using the Data Manager Interface, receive responses or events from each channel, transmit response or events to the Administrator function.
Finally the first component, i.e., Media Engine, also includes the required Digital Signal Processor resident media translation and handling software—a collection of media processing algorithms. These algorithms are collectively known as the DSP Algorithm Library. The Scheduler invokes the functions in the Algorithm Library to carry out the required media processing for each channel. Each Algorithm in the DSP Algorithm Library uses a common Algorithm Interface. This is a "C" programming language interface which enables proprietary or third party supplied Algorithms that conform to the interface to be added to the framework to provide specific media handling capability. More specifically, this interface is open in nature, and this allows ease in conforming such proprietary or third-party supplied algorithms to be added to the framework.
The second component of the system is the Signaling Engine module which provides access to call control information for connection to a traditional circuit switched network, and is used in a packet-to-circuit gateway application. The Signaling Engine provides access to information governing call set up, tear down, etc., but is an optional component which can be eliminated for users which already have signaling systems, or where call establishment is controlled using an external signaling gateway, or where the system is a packet-to-packet gateway and there is no requirements for circuit switch conductivity. The Signaling Engine accesses Signaling Protocol Stacks using a common interface. This "C" interface enables protocol stacks from any supplier that conform to the interface to be added to the framework to provide support for a specific signaling protocol. As with the DSP Algorithm Library Interface, this "C" interface is also open in nature.
The third component is the Administrator module, which provides the control and management interfaces to enable control of the media processing applied to each channel, as well as control of call set up and termination. The control interface is a "C" Application Programmers Interface (API). Two varieties of management interface are supported—a "C" API or a Simple Network Management Protocols (SNMP) interface. Using the interfaces presented as part of the Administrator, a system developer can produce a control or management software application which meets the needs of their particular system. The Administrator control interface supports the integration of a standards-based Gateway Control Protocol. This interface is also open.
The fourth component is a Conduit which is a lightweight inter-entity messaging system which enables the software components (the Media Engine, Signaling Engine and Administrator) to be distributed across the various processors used to construct the system. The Conduit enables communication between the software components using the particular interprocessor communication mechanisms utilized in the system. The Conduit can be quickly ported to support a range of interprocessor communications mechanisms, and makes no assumptions about the physical medium that the messages are carried using.
As may be appreciated, the "open" nature of the system greatly facilitates gateway developer innovation and customization of their systems, while still using the framework system described herein as the basis for their software.
Having thus generally described the invention, the same will become better understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
Having thus generally described the overall arrangement of the system and module 21, greater details are provided in the following discussion.
There is described herein an open packet-telephony software solution, offering a highly integrated and optimized set of software modules which provide the key software components required to build a packet telephony gateway.
A packet telephony gateway must provide the following high level functions:
To provide this functionality the system has been architecturally decomposed into the following software components and functionality:
The remainder of this text describes the software architecture and individual software components in more detail.
Architectural Overview. The software architecture is made up of four distinct components introduced in the previous section and shown in
To facilitate targeting the software architecture to a range of target platforms, the architecture makes use of appropriate abstraction techniques (e.g. conduit message system can be realized using different transports, Data Manager can be realized using different Network or General Purpose Processors). By identifying the "target platform specific" components, users or customers can quickly target the software to their end system with minimum changes to the overall software model.
The individual software components are described in greater detail in the following sections.
Media Engine. The architecture of the Media Engine is shown in
The system will contain at least one Media Engine. A number of Media Engines can be used to create a larger system, with all of the Media Engines controlled by a single Administrator. No assumptions are made about the location of Media Engine(s) in a system, nor are any assumptions made about the physical connection between the Media Engine(s) and the Administrator, again, the implementation being readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading hereof.
Referring to the software architecture diagram of the Media Engine, a large-scale (high channel capacity) systems can be constructed using a DSP Array connected to a single Network Processor (or aggregator). In this arrangement the functions described herein are distributed as follows:
Again, referring to the software architecture diagram for the Media Engine, a small (low channel density) system can be constructed using a single DSP, with the functions described herein are distributed as follows:
It is clear from these two examples that by abstracting the Data Manager component and providing access to it through the Data Manager Interface (DMI), that essentially the same DSP resident software can be used in large, multi-device or small, single-device solutions.
The following sections describe in greater detail each of the elements that make up the Media Engine.
Data Manager. Data termination for a Media Engine is provided by the Data Manager component. This function is typically realized using a device capable of packet-processing, which is accessed from the DSP(s) using the Data Manager Interface resident on the DSP(s). If the DSP is capable of packet termination direct to the device (e.g. terminate 10/100 Ethernet on Motorola MSC8101) then the Data Manager packet interface can be provided using a software module running on the DSP. The Data Manager must provide sufficient functionality to terminate the packet stream (e.g. for RTP encoded frames carried over UDP the Data Manager will provide UDP/IP, ARP, ICMP, etc., and extract the RTP packet from the UDP packet). The Data Manager component can be easily extended to terminate a variety of packet interfaces (e.g. ATM, MPLS, etc.).
The Data Manager component is also responsible for the termination of circuit switched streams, if this access is required. This is typically provided using a software module running on the DSP to access the serial port(s) found on a typical DSP. It is also possible to provide access to circuit switched data through an external device which samples the circuit switched data and converts the data into a packet format. The packets are then handled as described previously.
To enable control over the Media Engine by the Administrator, the Data Manager is capable of sending and receiving messages over the Conduit. Conduit messages are not inspected or generated by the Data Manager—it merely provides the physical termination for the Conduit from which messages are passed to the required Scheduler on the DSP(s) for handling.
Data Manager Interface. The Data Manager Interface software resides on each DSP in a Media Engine. It provides a consistent interface to the packet and TDM streams providing data to the DSP, whether that Data Manager is provided locally (using a software module), or using a closely-coupled Network Processor.
The Data Manager Interface software component always offers the same interface to the Scheduler. This enables different versions of the Data Manager Interface to be created and maintained to support a variety of data termination options.
Scheduler. The Scheduler is a DSP resident executive (a simplified operating system) enabling a multi-channel system to be supported. The Scheduler creates and maintains the operation and data flow for "channels" (Media Streams) under the control of the Administrator. The Scheduler is non pre-emptive and is driven from a configurable, periodic event referred to as a "tick". The source of the tick is configurable, and no assumptions are made about the source of the tick. Typically the tick is provided by an on-chip timer, or by counting data frames captured on a synchronous interface. The Scheduler is invoked every tick and runs to completion, after which time it will carry out no further processing until the next tick is received.
The Scheduler creates channels by "chaining together" the required algorithms from the DSP Algorithm Library. The Schedulers operation on each invocation is outlined below:
The Scheduler supports a load balancing scheme to ensure maximum channel density on each DSP. The load balancing scheme operates by inspecting the data arrival rate (or block size) on the packet interface for each channel, and by understanding the complexity of the processing required for each channel. When the block size is greater than the tick rate, packets are not received on every tick. The Scheduler uses this fact to spread the packet handling evenly over the available slots. In addition, the scheduler uses the complexity of the processing for each channel to estimate the processing carried out at each tick, and again uses this information to distribute the channel handling evenly over the available slots.
The Scheduler also provides memory management functionality required by the algorithms in the Algorithm Library. The Scheduler allocates and de-allocates memory from different physical pools of memory available to the DSP and makes the memory available to each Algorithm as it runs. The Scheduler memory manager makes use of Direct Memory Access (DMA) to move data into the fastest available physical memory before the Algorithm runs, and informs the Algorithm where the memory is available, to provide maximum performance.
The Scheduler is written in portable "C" and is designed so that it can be quickly moved to any DSP device or architecture.
Adaptive Jitter Buffer Manager. If the system terminates a packet stream where jitter (variability in latency or delay) must be removed from the packet steam, then an Adaptive Jitter Buffer Manager (AJBM) is used. The AJBM can be provided as part of the Data Manager (in which the stream is de-jittered before data arrives at the Data Manager Interface), or can be run on the DSP. If the AJBM is run on the DSP, it is invoked by the Scheduler for each channel that must be de-jittered.
The AJBM operates by briefly holding the received packets in a buffer while jitter is removed from the stream and any out of order packets are re-ordered. In addition, any duplicate packets are deleted. Packets leave the AJBM in a stream which is as close as possible to the stream which was emitted from the original sender—that is, in the original order, with the original inter-packet gap. In operation, the AJBM software inspects the received packet stream and extracts time-stamp and sequence number, information for each packet. Using the time-stamp and sequence number the AJBM orders the packets in the jitter buffer. The size of the jitter buffer (that is, the number of packets are held in the jitter buffer before they are released) adapts based on the jitter in the incoming stream. The AJBM measures how far from a perfect, zero-jitter stream the actual received stream is. This measurement is used to generate a "jitter level". The size of the jitter buffer is increased as the jitter level increases, and the size of the jitter buffer is decreased as the jitter level decreases. The maximum and minimum sizes of the jitter buffer are configurable to optimize performance for the particular implementation. This mechanism ensures that when there is little or no jitter the buffer will adapt to its lowest setting, in which case the AJBM is adding the minimum delay, and when there is high jitter the buffer depth will increase to enable the AJBM to remove the jitter.
Algorithm Library. The Algorithm Library provides the media translation and handling software resources required to create a packet telephony system. The Scheduler invokes the DSP algorithms required for each channel in the Algorithm Library using a consistent interface—the DSP Algorithm Interface.
DSP Algorithm Interface. The DSP Algorithm Interface used in the system is a "C" callable interface. All algorithms used in the system conform to this interface. Algorithms are typically optimized by writing in assembly language, but the "C" callable interface is always maintained. The DSP Algorithm interface is open, and is generally available from Trinity Convergence. Algorithms which conform to the DSP Algorithm Interface can be quickly added to the system, and have no requirement to have any knowledge of the system other than the information presented through the Algorithm Interface. Existing Algorithms that do not conform to the DSP Algorithm Interface can be quickly added to the system by creating a "wrapper" around the existing algorithm so that it exposes a an interface that is compliant with the DSP Algorithm Interface. The open nature of the DSP Algorithm Interface, coupled with the ability to use the interface to quickly add Algorithms to the packet telephony software architecture allows tailored or customized packet telephony systems to be quickly developed.
The system provides an Algorithm Library with the following algorithms which are generally commercially available, for example, from Trinity Convergence, Inc.
Although these Algorithms have been identified as preferred, other like algorithms are also commercially available which provide similar functionality and can be substituted for those identified.
The DSP Algorithm Interface remains consistent across different DSP devices and architectures. This enables Algorithms written in "C" to be moved to another DSP with support for the framework, with little or no changes to the "C" code.
Signaling Engine. The Signaling Engine is shown in
The Signaling Engine is an optional component. It may be omitted for the following reasons:
The system may contain zero or more Signaling Engines. A number of Signaling Engines can be used to create a larger system, with all of the Signaling Engines controlled by a single Administrator. No assumptions are made about the location of Signaling Engine(s) in a system, nor are any assumptions made about the physical connection between the Signaling Engine(s) and the Administrator.
The Signaling Engine is typically realized using an embedded Control Processor, running a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) to enable the Signaling Engine to react in a timely manner to signaling events. The Signaling Engine consists of a single instance of the Call Control Module and one or more Signaling Systems.
Call Control Module. The Call Control Module interfaces between a signaling protocol stack and the Administrator. The Call Control Module presents an open Application Programmers Interface (API) that supports the integration of one or more Signaling Protocol Stacks. The Call Control Module converts between the call control commands, requests and events generated by each integrated Signaling Protocol Stack, and a defined set of messages which are communicated between the Administrator and the Call Control Module over the Conduit. The Call Control Module does not dictate which type of Signaling Protocol Stack can be used in the system, and supports the integration of a variety of Signaling Protocol Stacks.
Signaling Protocol Stacks. Signaling Protocol Stacks are integrated using the Call Control Module. Signaling Stacks may be Common Channel (such as CCITT Signaling System No. 7, or ETSI ISDN), Channel Associated (such as E&M Loop Start or R2), or proprietary (for example a simple signaling protocol driving an analogue phone line).
It is also possible to run the Signaling Engine under the control of the Scheduler on a DSP in a small system.
Administrator. The architecture of the Administrator is shown in
Similarly, the Management interface offers run-time operational & maintenance control over the System. This interface typically supports the integration of a customer specific management control protocol, or a standards-based management control interface (such as SNMP).
The system will contain one logical Administrator, although this potential single-point-of-failure can be removed by running the Administrator in a highly-available configuration (in which case the system can contain an "active" and "stand-by" Administrator).
The Administrator typically runs on a designated "System Controller" in a deployed system. In a multi-board backplane system, the Administrator is typically run on a General Purpose Processor on the shelf-controller, accessing Media Engines and Signaling Engines provided on other boards in the system. On a single board solution, a General Purpose Processor on the board usually runs the Administrator, providing control and management over locally accessible Signaling Engines and Media Engines.
The Administrator is written in portable "C" code to enable a rapid porting to a range of operating systems and Processors. The Administrator includes an Operating System Abstraction Layer, which removes the need for any other Administrator software elements to directly use features that are peculiar to a particular operating system. The operating system abstraction layer is available for a range of commercially available operating systems.
The following sections describe in some detail each of the elements that make up the Administrator.
Administrator Module. The Administrator Module maintains state information for all of the channels and components in the system, and communicates directly with each of the Media Engines and Signaling Engines to gather information, or to carry out actions requested through the API.
At system startup, the Administrator Module reads an initial configuration from the persistent storage and uses this to configure the other system components. If required, code (stored in the persistent storage) can be downloaded to the Media Engines and Signaling Engines by the Administrator Module to start the system.
At run time, the Administrator Module provides the necessary logical-to-physical mapping required to interface with the resources present on each Media Engine and Signaling Engine. An example of how this mapping is used is the resolution of the physical address of a particular channel in the system—i.e. the discovery of which physical card and processor the channel is running on.
Communication between each Media Engine or Signaling Engine and the Administrator is achieved using the Conduit.
Storage. The Administrator Storage component is a software module that provides a consistent access to persistent data used by the Administrator. Examples of persistent data include initial channel configurations, the Conduit addresses of all Media Engines and Signaling Engines in the system and executable code for download to Media Engines or Signaling Engines. The Storage component abstracts or provides abstraction from, (i.e., hides information about) the physical storage media and organization from the remainder of the Administrator. This approach allows the Administrator to be ported to a variety of platforms, and enables the system designer to select a suitable persistent storage solution for their end system. Examples of persistent storage include data stored in FLASH, a file on a local disk or a data-base accessed over a network. Access to data held by the Storage component is via the Storage Interface, and this interface remains consistent regardless of the underlying media or data organization. Data is requested using the Storage Interface by supplying a tag and receiving the associated data. Data is written to the Storage Interface by providing a tag and the data to be stored.
System Control API. The System Control API provides a control interface over the media processing and call handling in the system.
The System Control API is a "C" API that enables control "per channel" for all calls in the system, both for call setup and for media processing used in the channel.
Each physical channel in the system is represented by an object which can be manipulated using the functions exposed in the System Control API. As functions in the API are called to make changes to the object, the Administrator Module generates messages containing instructions which are sent to the physical channel on the Media Engine or Signaling Engine using the Conduit. On receipt of the message the requested control action is performed and a response is returned to the Administrator Module. On receipt of the response, the Administrator module updates the object representation of the channel, and if required, an indication is returned using the System Control API. Examples of characteristics of a channel that can be controlled using the API include, but are not limited to, selecting the type of voice encoder, selecting the gain, configuring the length of the echo cancellation tail, selecting whether FAX relay is enabled on a channel or not, etc.
The System Control API is also responsible for the communication of unsolicited events to the Control Application. For example, if the channel is configured to report detected DTMF digits, on detection of a digit a message is generated on the Media Engine and sent to the Administrator Module using the Conduit. On receipt of the message, a DTMF detected event will be informed using the API.
System Management API. The System Management API is similar in design and operation to the System Control API, but its functions enable management of the running system.
The System Management API is a "C" API that enables the request of management actions (such as shutdown or restart of a particular component), along with the ability to gather unsolicited events (such as alarms or statistics) from the components making up the system.
The System Management API has been designed to support the integration of standards-based management interfaces such as SNMP.
Conduit. The Conduit provides the message based control and management interface between the Administrator and each of the Media Engines and Signaling Engines making up a complete System.
Messages carried over the Conduit include a destination address. This address describes the physical location of the entity that the message must be delivered to.
The Conduit includes an abstraction layer that allows support for a variety of physical transports to be added to the Conduit. Regardless of the underlying physical transport, the Conduit always carries the same messages and uses the same addressing scheme. This approach allows the system to be used a variety of hardware platforms, with different inter-processor communication mechanisms. Example implementations include Conduit over Ethernet and Conduit over Shared Memory.
Two modes of operation are provided by the Conduit—reliable (for use over un-reliable physical media), and un-reliable (for use over reliable physical media).
Definitions. The following terms and acronyms have been used throughout this document as follows:
Adaptive Jitter Buffer Manager
Adaptive Multi Rate
Application Programmer Interface
Address Resolution Protocol
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Comit� Consultatif international t�l�graphique et
t�l�phonique (Consultative Committee on
International Telegraphy and Telephony)
Data Manager Interface
Digital Signal Processor
Dual Tone Multi Frequency
Ear & Mouth
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Non-volatile memory technology
Global System for Mobile Communications
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet Protocol
Integrated Services Digital Network
International Telecommunication Union
Media Gateway Control Protocol (ITU-T H.248)
Multi Protocol Label Switching
Network Processor
Pulse Code Modulation
Public Switched Telephone Network
Real Time Operating System
Real Time Protocol/Real Time Control Protocol
Session Initiation Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol
Signaling System No. 7
Time Division Multiplex
User Datagram Protocol
In addition, the following references may be referred to in understanding some of the descriptions set forth herein, the disclosures of which are specifically incorporated by reference herein.
1 Title: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
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Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:GEO SEMICONDUCTOR INC;REEL/FRAME:031479/0486
Effective date: 20130809


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Manny Pacquiao Pleased With Mayweather Settlement
by Ronnie Nathanielsz
Although details of the settlement involving the defamation lawsuit filed by "Fighter of the Decade" Manny Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr, his father Floyd Mayweather Sr and Mayweather Promotions remain confidential, Pacquiao is satisfied that the litigation has ended.
Pacquiao's top-notch lawyer David Marroso told BoxingScene.com/Manila Standard "Manny is pleased with the agreement (and now) he'll be able to foscus on his boxing career, his congressional duties, charitable activities and other pursuits."
Atty. Marroso also paid tribute to retired Judge Daniel Weinsteing who, he said, "was instrumental in getting the matter resolved."
Pacquiao's adviser Michael Koncz told us that there was an agreement among the key members of Team Pacquiao on the settlement but indicated there was no discussion on the possibility of a Mayweather fight being tied-up to the agreement.
Koncz said "we don't have any litigation but I don't know whether that makes Mayweather feel better" and would help move talks on a possible Pacquiao-Mayweather fight sometime in the first half of next year.
But before anything else Pacquiao will have to beat Mexican legend Juan Manuel Marquez when they clash for the fourth time at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on December 8 following three close fights with the third fight where Pacquiao won a majority decision considered the most controversial.
Koncz who appeared on the All Time Great radio show was quoted by boxing writer Chris Robinson in which Koncz said "Neither of these fighters want to have number five so I believe both of the guys are going to change their strategyand theree's going to be a lot more aggression because they both want to put an end to this trilogy and I strongly believe somebody is going to knock somebody out."
Marquez continues to claim he won all three fights but was robbed of the decision by the judges even as he requested the Nevada State Athletic Commission to appoint a Mexican, a Filipino and a non-Nevada judge for the December 8 showdown.
NSAC executive director Keith Kizer noted that the first Pacquiao-Marquez fight had two non-Nevada judges, their second had one and the third, which turned out to be the most controversial, had no non-Nevada judges.
At the same time Kizer said "I have no idea how many non-Nevada judges Pacquiao-Marquez four will have."
You know, I haven't been paying attention the settlement because, after reading several posts here, I assumed Mayweather was told to give Pacquiao some obscene amount of money. Wait a minute...they settled before going to trial? You mean to tell…Comment by HeroBando on 09-29-2012
[QUOTE=DhymezFMJFan;12562683]Did you ever think that being an exceptionally talented undefeated boxer with unmatched skills in any division hes been in since he turned pro might be the reason hes always the "overwhelming favorite". Maybe the fact that hes again an…Comment by DhymezFMJFan on 09-29-2012
[QUOTE=voneric;12561276]Would be a great matchup and would be the first time in MayweatherJrs career that he took a fight where he is not the overwhelming favorite. ...history has shown that Mayweather will only fight when his opponent has no chance…Comment by peplz on 09-28-2012
[QUOTE=Check_hooks;12556670]Pac stay winning more than Charlie Sheen lmao[/QUOTE] Dropping the case is a win for Pacquiao? How? He was the one who filed the case in the first place. If anything the case being dropped is a win for Mayweather.…Comment by Alibata on 09-28-2012
[QUOTE=Frank Ducketts;12557451]Pacquiao will be retired soon. 3/4 of his fans will retire with Pac rather than watch Donaire and other Filipino fighters. Watch. Some might stay to dis Broner, but that's about it.[/QUOTE] Dis broner????? you thinking to far ahead…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (54)

subset: commoncrawl


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Hotels in Valletta, Malta
Search & Compare Valletta Hotels
Trending now in Valletta
- Most bookedOsborne
41 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The hotel had a fantastic view from the roof top deck and pool. It was close to great restaurants and shopping and the staff was extremely friendly and helpful. A great place to stay. "
A Traveller, Aug 2016, CA
36 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Our recent stay at the Casa Ellul in Malta was amazing. From the minute we got there the staff was so helpful and kind, and really made our stay all that much better. It's a smaller boutique hotel in the heart of Valleta, walking distance from all the cafes, restaurants, and historic parliament a..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, AU
32 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We only stayed one night for a special occasion, but would love to return for a longer visit. When heading out to a local restaurant, we asked the concierge to get a taxi for us as my partner has an injury to his leg. Unfortunately there were no taxis in the vicinity, but rather than have us wait..."
A Traveller, Nov 2015, GB
27 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Great destination,great friendly people, cheap great local beer and wines."
A Traveller, Apr 2016, GB
17 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Apartment with balcony just right for a couple. Very relaxing and lovely and cool after a day in the sun! Bus station and centre of Valletta within easy walking distance."
A Traveller, Jul 2015, GB
15 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Superb hotel well worth every penny spent. Very helpful staff very good breakfast and a lovely place to be to take stresse out of your life."
C, Jul 2016, GB
14 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Good value for money by comparison to others. We were without air con for the first week in a hot July but they persevered to get it replaced and gave us some compensation. Other than that, it was a comfortable stay and I'm happy to recommend it. It's unconvential in that, having been warmly welc..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, GB
12 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Fantastic apartment - very stylishly decorated, plenty of space, could comfortably accommodate 3 or 4 people for a short break (we were only 2 on this trip). Private balcony and a fabulous shared roof terrace. We only stayed 1 night but wished we could have stayed longer!"
A Traveller, Mar 2016, GB
9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Very central, next door to the Upper Barrakka Gardens and five minutes walk from the bus station. Modern apartment,a good size, with amazing views from the terrace at the top, accessed by a spiral staircase. Great place to eat or take a glass of wine, while enjoying the amazing views of the three..."
A Traveller, Oct 2015, GB
Map of Valletta hotels
- Great Seige of Malta and the Knights of St. John
- Mediterranean Conference Centre
- Upper Barrakka Gardens
- Church of St. Paul the Shipwrecked
- Malta Experience
- Auberge de Castille
- National Museum of Archaeology
- St. Johns Co - Cathedral
- Knights Spectacular 1565
- Manoel Theatre
- Casa Rocca Piccola
- National Library of Malta
- Grand Masters Palace
- National Museum of Fine Arts
- Fort St. Elmo
- Lower Barrakka Gardens
Best hotels in Valletta
If you are looking for Valletta hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Valletta by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Valletta are:
- Palazzo Prince d'Orange
- Palazzo Consiglia
- Ursulino Valletta
- Palazzo Valletta Suites
- Hotel Phoenicia Malta
The location of your Valletta hotel is important. If you are traveling to Valletta, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Valletta. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Valletta for as low as $105 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 814 reviews in Valletta. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


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- Report: #389212
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Gunbroker.com
Gunbroker.comwww.gunbroker.com Internet U.S.A.
Gunbroker.com Credit Card Scam Internet
*Consumer Suggestion: All this for a buck?
*Author of original report: Yes Charlotte, Pay up or shut up!!!
*Consumer Comment: $1 adds up!
*General Comment: yes CHarlotte, I'll take the $1
*Consumer Suggestion: Am I reading this correctly? ONE DOLLAR?
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Gunbroker charges $1.00 to the Credit card account & then tells the person the $1.00 is nonrefundable but the person can use the $1.00 towards selling/listing (not purchasing) their item(s).
However, after giving Gunbroker.com the Credit Card # they replied the Credit Card was Invalid. The message stated the Credit Card application didn't pass & the Credit Card information should be checked for correctness. When rechecked & submitted to Gunbroker.com they denied the Credit Card once again with another $1.00 charge. Gunbroker.com replied again the Credit Card Invalid. Contrary to Gunbroker.com's decision, the Credit Card is a Valid Credit Card.
After demanding a refund & having the Credit Card removed from Gunbroker.com they still have the Credit Card account in their records.
Gunbroker.com decides they can make a Valid Credit Card Invalid if they want, & charge the Credit Card for monies on the same account multiple times.
There's no way to contact Gunbroker, the only form of contact is with online e-mail. The only phone # is the one next to the $1.00 charges on the bank statement with Gunbroker.com's name. When calling this phone # (720) 223 0164, the auto message doesn't give any information on how to speak with anyone.
See Below for an excerpt from last conversation with Gunbroker.com by e-mail, the only way you can communicate with them:
Against my better judgement I submitted my credit card to find it just was what I thought it was going to be, A problem! I tried 2 times to have a failed answer on the screen & the third time it said I couldn't do it again. I now have a reply that says my balance has been credited for $2.00. What do we do now? I don't want this hassle, I'll stick with Gunsinternational & the others without this kind of trouble
It's now Oct 28th 2008. I see I still have a $2.00 charge on my account & a Credit Card on file. I requested information on how to have the amount & Card removed from the account & have heard nothing. I would appreciate if this matter was resolved ASAP I don't want my card information in your records.
The charge is non refundable but we can close your account and remove your credit card information if you wish.
This is ridiculous, you tell me my credit card was denied but you're still going to charge it...HOW are you going to when my card was denied twice?
In order to verify your identity our Website submits your credit card data to your bank. The bank responds with a Match, No Match or an error on three pieces of the data that you entered. This occurs whether or not the Bank actually processes the transaction. Your bank has charged us for the transaction but has responded "Service Not Available" for the address and zip code on each attempt. Even though they have charged your card, we cannot validate your account unless all three return a "Match".
If gunbroker does not refund the amount back into my account I will take measures to sue. I want out of this scam company now with my account cancelled & without any charges to my credit card.
The amount is non refundable and your account has been closed as requested.
You charge the account, take the monies & make an excuse to reject the card & refuse refund. I want a phone # to speak with a real person at gunbroker. This account will be refunded or gunbroker will be reported to any and all State & federal agencies for investigation.
Feel free to report it to whomever you wish, we told you prior to you submitting the card that any charges were non refundable.
View User Information
Account Status: Closed by User
You previously requested that we close your account. If you wish to have this account re-activated, please click here to contact Customer Support
Account Balance: $0.00
Credit Card On File: YES
Card is Valid? NOT VALID
Last payment you made: 10/26/2008
Last credit issued: (none)
Starlight, Pennsylvania
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/08/2008 12:27 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Gunbrokercom/internet/Gunbrokercom-Credit-Card-Scam-Internet-389212. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report.
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on Gunbroker.com
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#1 Consumer Suggestion
All this for a buck?
AUTHOR: exedriver - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Thursday, December 03, 2009POSTED: Thursday, December 03, 2009
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 Author of original report
Yes Charlotte, Pay up or shut up!!!
SUBMITTED: Wednesday, December 02, 2009POSTED: Wednesday, December 02, 2009
Sounds like some smart guy should crap in Charlotte's head & help the idiot out with more smarts than he had with the last moron who filled the hollow cavity in his head with this Gunbroker crap. Get your wallet out you Moron, you've already shown everyone how smart you aren't! Gunbroker is a scam, you have to be an idiot not to see or join. I agree this Moron is not only obnoxious, ignorant & unconstructive but the last person Gunbroker needs on their side, unless he actually pays everyone for Gunbroker...Could this Moron be any more stupid than he sounds, I'd never do business with this clown Charlotte.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#3 Consumer Comment
$1 adds up!
AUTHOR: chuck - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Wednesday, December 02, 2009POSTED: Wednesday, December 02, 2009
I'm also a victim of this fraud. Who knows how may people they ripp off. I might victim # 1000, and that means they just made a grand. Thats just not right!!!!!!!!!!!!
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#4 General Comment
yes CHarlotte, I'll take the $1
AUTHOR: e111111 - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Friday, November 27, 2009POSTED: Friday, November 27, 2009
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#5 Consumer Suggestion
Am I reading this correctly? ONE DOLLAR?
AUTHOR: Are You Serious?? - (U.S.A.)
SUBMITTED: Tuesday, February 17, 2009POSTED: Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
Advertisers above have met our
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Printable View
I think they're good they can take a good beating, make sure they have removable fins though and I'd suggest a tri incase you really wanna start to surf. A beater is hard to turn though
Ok. I have one (single fin Catch Surf Beater Board) and this is my review.
Responsiveness: very. I like it for skating down little waves and such. Don't use the fins. If the wave is too big to ride w/o the fins use a real board. Reason being is that the fin(s) make it stiff and slow it down more than anything. I can also do shuv it's and 360s with no fin.
Shape/use: weird subject, I know. The bottom channels help with holding power and speed, and the foam top is just SO much fun cuz it doesn't hurt if u botch a trick. Since they are small they are easy to turn, very skatey.
Ok so that's all I've got... Really a simple board, good for the really little groms. Also, I talked to Catch Surf and they are doing pro models for the whole team. They're going to have new graphics and fin boxes that hold ANY futures or fcs fins. I like the whole thing... Don't know about y'all.
I've been playing around shaping a 4'10" bodyboard inspired creation myself. Paint will eventually be orange bottom/yellow deck tribute to the early '80s Mach 7-7 for anyone else unfortunate to be old enough to remember.
Hoping with the channels it can be ridden with or without the fins. If you see any old guys spinning in circles next summer, that might just be me:D


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Dear team,
Many thanks for creating this useful plugin. I simply love it.
I need to know why all ratings are carrying http://schema.org/Product, as the ratings are for article/post and not for product. Shouldn't it be http://schema.org/Article?
Also, is there a way to change the schema type to suit our need?


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Definition of long corner in English:
long corner
(In field hockey) a penalty hit taken from the back line within 5 yards of the corner.
Example sentences
- However, Pakistan let go just two goals off either penalty corners or long corners during the entire campaign!
- Vale ended the half scoring a further four goals, 10 penalty corners, and five long corners without any reply from Gallaghers.
- Soon after the start of the second half, the Dutch won a long corner from the left.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: long cor¦ner
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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With a stay at Swiss-Belhotel Changchun in Changchun, you'll be in the business district and close to Eurasian Marketplace and Geological Palace. This family-friendly hotel is within the vicinity of Jilin University and Changchun City Stadium.
Make yourself at home in one of the 249 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and LCD televisions. Complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature deep soaking bathtubs and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include phones, as well as laptop-compatible safes and desks.
Pamper yourself with onsite massages and facials. You can take advantage of recreational amenities such as a health club, an indoor pool, and a sauna. This hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and supervised childcare/activities. Guests can get around on the complimentary shuttle, which operates within 5 km.
Grab a bite to eat at one of the hotel's 3 restaurants and 2 coffee shops/cafés, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a business center, and limo/town car service. Event facilities at this hotel consist of a conference center and a meeting room. For a surcharge, guests may use a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) and a train station pick-up service.


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Music: Jazz Studies, MM
The Master of Music degree program is designed to assist the graduate student in developing advanced professional competencies in jazz. The degree program seeks to broaden and deepen scholarly abilities and research and pedagogical techniques for use in the profession or for instruction in higher education.
Class Format
- UNC Main Campus
Tuition & Fees
Total Degree Requirements
30-33 Credit Hours
Graduate Coordinator
Carissa Reddick, 970-351-1195
Area Contact
Dana Landry, 970-351-2253
Additional Information
School of Music Admission and Audition Requirements
Applicants must submit audition and application materials online by completing the School of Music Application.
Audition days fill quickly, so you are encouraged to complete the application as soon as possible in order to secure an audition date and time. Information regarding audition requirements, repertoire and faculty contact information are also available on the application.
- 2016 Audition Dates
- Saturday, Feb. 6, 2016
- Monday, Feb. 15, 2016
- Saturday, Feb. 20, 2016
UNC Graduate School Requirements
Applicants must also apply to the University of Northern Colorado Graduate School. To apply, submit the following materials in a single packet along with the application fee. Failure to submit all required materials will delay the evaluation and screening of your application.
- $50 non-refundable application fee
- International Students: $60 non-refundable application fee
- Completed Online Application
- One official copy of transcripts from all accredited college or university attended since completing high school. UNC Alumni need not submit transcripts
- Dana Landry, piano
- John Adler, trumpet
- Erik Applegate, bass
- Gray Barrier, percussion
- David Caffey, jazz composition
- Andrew Dahlke, saxophone
- Steve Kovalcheck, jazz studies and guitar
- Jim White, drums
- Nathaniel Wickham, trombone


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*Please Note!! Many of our pictures are stock photos provided to us by the manufacturer and do not necessarily represent the actual item being purchased. Please verify this picture accurately reflects the product described by the title and description on this page before you place your order.
The 24" half octagonal round barrel has a blue matte finish. The
MiniSharps Hunter rifle features a walnut stock and forend, color case
hardened finish, double trigger and rubber buttplate.
Drilled and tapped for choice of Unertl style or modern scope bases.
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To find a discount Pine Mountain hotel room, keep in mind that lodging located at the fringe of the city is very often quite a bit cheaper than a comparable hotel located in the heart of Pine Mountain.
Assuming you don't mind the extra drive time, this tip can save you some money on your luxury discount hotel.
We try very hard to make your online hotel reservations simple and safe for luxurious yet affordable lodging across the entire United States. Our 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in Pine Mountain, GA are intimate, exclusive and highly individualized establishments. These hotels showcase the best of all worlds. Situated in first-rate locations; they offer an abundance of premium facilities, exceptional activities and extraordinary service.
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Grand Theft Auto V Pre-Order Gubbins Leaked, New Locations Revealed
Written Thursday, November 01, 2012 By Richard WalkerView author's profile
More Grand Theft Auto V stuff for you now, as some naughty scamp has leaked what look to be pre-order items for the game. From November 5th, you'll be able to pre-order GTA V at Target in North America, earning a flyUS branded picture viewer that offers a unique first look at some of the new locations that you'll visit in Rockstar's upcoming open-world opus.
Among the locations included in the viewer are the Vespucci Canals, Zancudo River and Vinewood Hills, as well as the regions of Grapeseed and Del Perro Pier. It all looks perfectly above board, with images of the Target pre-order brief also containing a letter revealing that a second GTA V trailer will also debut to kick off the pre-order campaign.
Take-Two's Strauss Zelnick also revealed that Rockstar is planning something potentially groundbreaking for GTA V's multiplayer, with future DLC to be "interesting stuff". We'd expect nothing less. Check out the leaked images below. Grand Theft Auto V is out in spring 2013.
[Images via AGB]


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Stay vegetarian or go vegan?
Over a year ago
I was vegan a few months ago and It was going really good, apart from the fact that I couldn't sit down with my family and I felt quite rejected. My parents told me they would go vegetarian if I did, and I agreed, but what they didn't tell me is that they still eat fish. I fell really guilty every time I put something with eggs or milk in in my mouth. I am really torn. What do you think I should do?
Please log in to reply.
Over a year ago
Hey @veggiebell, of course my answer to your question is going to be a big, happy "GO VEGAN"! 🙂
It sounds like you agree that it's a good decision to make aside from dinner time with family. I personally live with non vegans and attend dinners with them as well. I prep my own food and bring it to the table, no problem! My family still loves me and I understand that they don't want to make two different meals. If they will agree to it, I make dinner myself and we can all enjoy the same dish. It shows them how delicious a vegan diet can be.
There's no need to feel guilty when you can avoid these products. If you need any help or tips, please don't hesitate to ask.You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Over a year ago
Definitely go all the way and go vegan. You're parents aren't vegetarian, they probably still eat meat behind your back. I would suggest you go vegan, stand up for your beliefs, even if your parents don't agree with it. Heck, parents are wrong, even though, they don't admit it, they make mistakes too.You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Over a year ago
Ah, that's a really hard situation but I completely understand! First, I'd say to recognise the fact that they are so willing to compromise – my family definitely will not give up meat, and since I cannot pay for my own food currently they don't want me to either sometimes.
Then you should explain to them that when they said they'd go vegetarian, that it meant all meat. Explain to them the differences between vegetarian, pescatarian (fish-eating like them), pollutarian (chicken-eating), and vegan. Also, talk to them about how eating meat makes you feel and then expand to how animal products make you feel. From the sound of it, not good, right? I think if you explain things so that they can try to understand your mind towards it, they'll be much more understanding since they already seem open-minded. Definitely I'd say trying SaraAnn's idea of cooking them some delish vegan food c;You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Over a year ago
Daft question to ask us, we'll all tell you to go vegan 😉
But we'll support you all the way!You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Over a year ago
Hey @Veggibell,
Have you tried showing your parents the video at http://www.meat.org? I would show them that, also, why not try making some delicious vegan food for them to try and change their minds. If they still won't budge, you can definitely still eat with them, but you'll just be eating something a little different than them. 🙂
~Sara Ann from peta2You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


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The SCV-2010F from Samsung is an Analog Positioning System Housing, Vandal Flat Dome Camera, 1/3" CCD, 600TVL, Fixed Lens (3mm), Electronic D/N, 12VDC, IP66.
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Going Through Security at SFO With Clive Owen!
Yesterday morning I had an early flight to NYC. The airport was packed, busier than I have seen it in a long time and the security line was insane. Luckily my husband travels a lot for work, so we get to go in the (much shorter) priority security line. As we were waiting there, two men and a woman come up behind us and the woman starts asking the guys if they went out clubbing last night. One of the guys jokingly says "yeah, we are actually coming straight from the clubs" So my husband and I overhear and laugh and turn around to see who the funny person is and my husband turns back around and goes "that guy is some famous actor, but I can't place him" so then I turn around and look again and say "OMG, it's Clive Owen and I know why he's here, he premiered his new movie last night at the Mill Valley film festival and BuzzSugar interviewed him!
So about that time, the United Airlines people came up to his group and said they were not allowed in the priority security line because they didn't have the right status. So my husband goes. "Um, that's Clive Owen and he's with us" but the United people just ignored us and escorted Clive and his entourage out of line. Well they must have cleared it up, because the next thing I know, Clive is directly behind me, putting his stuff in his security bins. So I turn to him and smile and I say "Congrats on the movie premiere last night" and he says "Thank you very much" and I say "I heard it went well" and he says "Yes, it did, thank you so much"
OMG - I was DYING. He was so nice and gracious and his voice was super sexy. Swoon.
Sadly, I don't have a pic. I just couldn't bring myself to do it after we bonded like that, so here is the footage that Buzz got instead!


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FILE - In this Nov. 26, 2006 file photo, Baltimore Ravens offensive lineman Jonathan Ogden blocks against the Pittsburgh Steelers during the first half of an NFL football game in Baltimore. Ogden was selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on Saturday, Feb. 2, 2013. (AP Photo/Chris Gardner, File)


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Central Hudson is reporting yesterday's power problems were experienced by nearly 180,000 of its customers, which rates as the second-largest event of outages in Central Hudson history, behind only the February 2010 snowstorms that affected 240,000 customers.
The problems are not over, however. Central Hudson reports that underground pipelines can be undermined by the major flooding. If anyone smells natural gas odor, call the Central Hudson Gas Odor Hotline at 1-800-942-8274.
"It is very possible that homes or other structures may have shifted due to flooding, and that the underground natural gas system may be impacted – causing a potentially dangerous situation. Customers must notify us immediately if they suspect any portion of the natural gas system is in danger," said James P. Laurito, Central Hudson president. "Once we have completed all emergency restoration, we will conduct a thorough review of our entire natural gas system to ensure its safety, but in the interim – it's critical that customers remain alert to the possibility for damage to natural gas pipelines and service lines as a result of flooding."
Central Hudson reports about 70,000 of its customers have had their service restored by 9 a.m. Sunday, but more than 100,000 remain without power. The process of restoring power, as Central Hudson reported Sunday, will take several days.
If your Central Hudson power is lost, call 452-2700 or 1-800-527-2714 to report a power condition.
Location, ST | website.com


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The SERO Limited Access Privilege Programs/Data Management Branch has three primary responsibilities. The Branch conducts data analyses in direct support of federal fishery management decisions, monitors recreational and commercial quotas and annual catch limits for federally managed species, and develops, administers, and implements commercial catch share programs. The Branch works collaboratively with NMFS' Southeast Fisheries Science Center, other SERO Branches, and the Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, and Caribbean fishery management councils to evaluate and analyze the effects of proposed regulations. The Branch also manages the South Atlantic individual transferable quota program (ITQ) for wreckfish and the Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper and Grouper-Tilefish individual fishing quota (IFQ) programs, and the Headboat Collaborative (HBC) Exempted Fishing Permit Pilot Program. Annually, the Branch develops reports to evaluate the performance of catch share programs, prepares recreational quota closure projections, and tracks landings relative to quotas and annual catch limits.
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Reviews: Bass Gear
Premier Guitar's rating system includes brief summations of a product's pros and cons, as well as pick ratings (0–5) in four categories—Tones, Design/Build, Value, and Playability (for instruments) or Ease of Use (amps, effects, and other devices) or Versatility (pickups and speakers). Items with a total of 18 or more picks (out of 20) win our coveted Premier Gear Award.
Schecter Diamond Series Michael Anthony Signature Bass Review
August 24, 2016
A new P/J offering from Schecter that delivers tones fit for the name it bears.Read More
Ashdown Rootmaster RM-500-EVO and RM-210T-EVO Review
August 15, 2016
Ashdown's new 500-watt, 11-pound bass amp brings tweakability aplenty for less than 500 bucks.Read More
Peavey MiniMEGA and Headliner 410 Review
July 14, 2016
Peavey packs 1,000 watts and tone-shaping galore into a 9-pound bass head.Read More
Quick Hit: Fredric Effects Deeply Unpleasant Companion
July 8, 2016
The London boutique outfit gifts bassists with a new take on the Shin-ei FY-2 Companion Fuzz.Read More
Genzler Amplification Magellan 800 and 112T Review
July 7, 2016
Jeff Genzler's return to bass amplification with a rig offering boutique-like construction and tone, minus the boutique price.Read More
L.R. Baggs Stadium Electric Bass DI Review
June 16, 2016
A bass DI that can be multi-dimensional and vibey, in addition to helping deliver great tone.Read More
Mike Lull TXB4 Review
June 5, 2016
This boutique 4-string puts powerful T-bird tones in an ergonomic single-cut format.Read More
Fender American Elite Precision Bass Review
May 24, 2016
A new incarnation of the revered Fender P that brings classic Precision tones and style along with some modern enhancements.Read More
Darkglass Microtubes B7K Ultra Review
May 19, 2016
A sturdy box for bassists that delivers wide-ranging drive and an impressive EQ section.Read More
Myco Bepa Review
May 2, 2016
Channeling classic tube amp tones, Myco Pedals unveils their first overdrive for bassists.Read More
Eastwood Surfcaster Review
April 5, 2016
A cult-classic bass from the early 1990s makes its return.Read More
Bergantino Audio Systems B|Amp & HD Cabinets Review
March 23, 2016
A 6-1/2 pound monster of a bass amp that packs in features galore.Read More
Warwick Rockbass Adam Clayton Artist Line Review
March 17, 2016
Warwick brings a less-expensive version of their Adam Clayton Custom Shop signature model bass to the table.Read More
Acoustic BN6210 Review
March 11, 2016
Acoustic packs 600 watts of power, a pair of 10" neo speakers, and loads of features into their new ultra-portable combo.Read More
Mesa/Boogie Subway D-800 & Subway Ultra-Lite Cabinets Review
February 26, 2016
Mesa/Boogie unveils a class-D powerhouse for bassists that delivers big sounds from a svelte, lightweight package.Read More
Quick Hit: Providence Bass Boot Comp
January 31, 2016
Providence delivers a little blue box for bassists that's chock-full of compression tooling.Read More
Sire Marcus Miller V7 Review
January 26, 2016
Sire Guitars and Marcus Miller team up to produce an impressive J-style bass at a price that doesn't quite seem real.Read More
Ampeg PF-50T Review
December 31, 2015
An all-tube, 50-watt bass amp that serves up vintage warmth and classic style.Read More
Quick Hit: Red Witch Zeus Bass Fuzz Suboctave Review
December 15, 2015
A fuzz/suboctave combo for bassists that'll scare the paint off the wall.Read More
Demeter Bass 400 Amp and BSC-310 Cab Review
December 14, 2015
A new bass amp and cab that bring transparency, thump, and warmth.Read More


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Colchester Youth Basketball: My Site News
This Saturday December 5th, 2015, we will be having our clinics to kick off the start of our recreational season. This is a great way to meet the coaches and start working on your basketball skills.
Clinics will be held at WJJMS Gym A These clinics are open to all players who are registered in our recreational program.
Tuesday, November 24
High School Tryout Dates
The boys high school tryout dates are set!!! If you haven't registered for high school basketball yet, now is the time. Registration will stay open until Friday December 4th for our high school league. You will also be able to register at the tryouts.
9th & 10th Grade Tryouts Tuesday 12-8-2015 - 8:00-9:00PM at JJIS 11th & 12th Grade Tryouts Thursday 12-10-2015: 8:00PM-9:00 PM at JJIS
Friday, June 24
Now on Facebook!!!
Colchester Youth Basketball is now on Facebook!!!! Cick here to follow us to get the latest information going on around the league including meetings, updated scores and schedules.
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Odd thing about movies: The more explicit pornography proliferates online, the less nudity there seems to be in mainstream films. Perhaps this is a conscious effort to maintain a balance of flesh, so to speak. Perhaps, and more likely, many actors and actresses are ever more conscious about how their nude scenes will be catalogued online; they want to make a daring and sexy scene for a feature film, but are aware that certain "celebrity skin" websites are gathering up such scenes, and turning them into sexy "highlights" reels free of context, and full of buttocks. Occasionally, though, a nice sexy film slips through (so to speak). Paul Schrader's recent film The Canyons, for instance, features copious nudity, scenes of men masturbating on camera, and a notorious foursome scene with Lindsay Lohan and adult superstar James Deen.
CraveOnline has already gathered 10 such movies in the past (in the article The Best X-Rated Scenes in Films), but there is so much more sexiness to explore. Here, then, are ten more of the best X-rated scenes from mainstream movies.
Baise-moi (dirs. Coralie, Virginie Despentes, 2000)
In this modern-day sex revenge tale, a pair of wronged women (Karen Lancaume and Raffaëla Anderson), taking their cue from Russ Meyer films, go on a killing and sex spree. They bed men, discard them, and occasionally kill them. Baise-moi features legit hardcore scenes, but stands as a bold inversion of usual cinematic sexuality. These are not women who have sex to titillate. They have sex for themselves.
The Brown Bunny (dir. Vincent Gallo, 2003)
Largely a slow-moving tale of wallowing self pity, Vincent Gallo's notorious arthouse hit (starring himself) climaxes with an unsimulated scene of onscreen fellatio from Chloë Sevigny. The film is built around this scene of desperate sexual connection, and it's no surprise that both actors are very game. This is one of the few scenes in film history to offer up pornographic imagery for more-than-pornographic purposes.
Shortbus (dir. John Cameron Mitchell, 2006)
A disarmingly emotional film about sex and sexuality, Shortbus tackles a wide variety of sexual activities (threesomes, orgies, masturbation, bisexuality, vibrators) with a frank yet sensitive eye. A "pre-orgasmic" couples counselor (Sook-Yin Lee) attends a New York orgy club to find herself and help some clients. The adventures on which they go are presented straight up, and the film is loaded with sexy sex, awkward sex, and real sex.
Storytelling (dir. Todd Solondz, 2001)
In Storytelling, Selma Blair plays a writing student who is gruffly seduced by her aggressive black professor (Robert Wisdom). Their tryst at his apartment is fast, hard, racially coded, and was so forthrightly sexual, the MPAA threatened to cut it. Solondz, in a fit of cynicism, retaliated by censoring the offending scene with a big red rectangle placed over the actors. It doesn't change the fact that the scene is still pretty X-rated.
Aimée & Jaguar (dir. Max Färberböck, 1999)
Felice and Lilly (Maria Schrader and Juliane Köhler) are a pair of friends living in Berlin in the 1940s. The Gestapo is everywhere, and they both long for love. Felice longs for Lilly, and Lilly finds that she is beginning to have feelings for Felice. Eventually, they admit their feelings, and decide to try lovemaking. The scene that follows is nervous, twitchy, and tentative, as both women strip and try out something new. It's as nervous and as sexy as some experiences you've likely had.
Atonement (dir. Joe Wright, 2007)
The entire first act of Joe Wright's 2007 war epic is devoted to the building of sexual tension between James McAvoy and Keira Knightley. The two clearly want one another, but are too afraid to act. Until one fateful afternoon when they find themselves alone in a library. Without shedding any clothes, the two manage to become entangled up against a ladder. The release of sexual tension is almost like having an orgasm yourself.
Alpha Dog (dir. Nick Cassavetes, 2006)
A cheap and sleazy exploitation movie about teen gangsters, Alpha Dog has become a notorious pseudo-cult hit amongst certain gay men for its copious usage of young male flesh. In the film's most notorious – and sexiest – scene, Anton Yelchin is lured into a swimming pool by the minxy and horny Amanda Seyfried and Amber Heard. The two of them proceed to have a threesome with him underwater. Um... Yes, please.
Lust, Caution (dir. Ang Lee, 2007)
What starts as a WWII spy story quickly turns into one of the more smutty NC-17-rated lust stories that the movies have seen since the days of Oshima. The girlish Wei Tang plays a woman sent to spy on Mr. Yee (Tony Leung), and the two of them fall in lust. A large portion of the film is devoted to their sexual misadventures, which are most certainly not shies away from.
Bound (dir. Wachowski Starship, 1996)
We're all pretty familiar with this one by now. In this indie hit, Gina Gershon (butched out) and Jennifer Tilly (dolled up) play a pair of recent lesbian lovers-turned-thieves who team up to steal a fortune of illegal money from Caesar (Joe Pantoliano), Tilly's evil boyfriend. The clumsy seduction tactics that Tilly employs are silly and sexy and the hottest thing that the Wachowskis have committed to film.
Last Tango in Paris (dir. Bernardo Bertolucci, 1972)
And one can't have a list of sexy sex scenes without a mention of this famous NC-17-rated '70s classic about a pair of wounded strangers (Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider) who randomly meet in an abandoned apartment for desperate and dirty, dirty sex. Sex which both are clearly using to mask their harrowing depression. You'll never look at butter the same way again.
AEE 2014: Sophie Dee Interview with Ela Darling by CraveOnline


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Jim Marshall's Biography
Contact Information
Full Name:James 'Jim' Marshall
Family:Wife: Camille; 2 Children: Mary, Robert
Birth Date:03/31/1948
Birth Place:Ithaca, NY
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Welcome to Team Ted!
Ted Gottlieb is a Certified Seniors Housing Professional® (CSHP®) Seniors Real Estate Specialist® (SRES®) – Helping older adults stay in their homes longer. When it's time to downsize to a more manageable and carefree residence, my team ensures that the move, and ultimate property sale, is hassle free and that all of the details are not overwhelming.
Ted's team also helps the children of older adults manage their parent's move into independent care, assisted living, or skilled care communities and all the complexities involved, so that they can enjoy time with their parents and not have to feel the burden of the task all by themselves.
Your Referral Source: Aging in Place; Home Modification; Organizing; Estate Planning; Geriatric Care Management; In Home Care; Transition Coordination; Downsizing; Moving; Estate Sales; Personal Property Disposal; Sale Preparation; Selling The Property.
Sought After Residential Real Estate Broker Close to 12 Years Experience Working With Buyers, Sellers, Investors, And Developers. Team Leader!
"A Client Focused Professional". Educates his clients in all aspects of the buying and selling process. "No matter how long it takes, Ted is there every step of the way".
Listing Specialist – Listed, marketed, negotiated, and closed over $30 Million in both existing and new construction homes. Diligently determines market value (after seeing your property) and helps sellers determine just the right list price (without leaving money on the table). Has systems in place to attract buyers to your listing.
Buyer's Specialist – Consistently Rated As Being In The Top Tier Of All Agents In The St. Louis Market. Has been known to say "My job is not to sell you a house but to help you find THE home of your dreams".
Focused On Making Your Home Buying & Selling Experience Productive and Enjoyable. Client Testimonials Tout Top Notch Service Levels.
Need A Trustworthy Contractor/Professional Recommendation? Lender; Inspector; Roofer; Handyman; Carpet; Painter; Attorney; Insurance; Financial Planning, etc.. Contact Ted!
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Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura Opens in Chile
Tuesday July 15th, 2014 - 10:04AM
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SANTIAGO, CHILE—Marking the second Hyatt-branded hotel here and introducing the Hyatt Place brand to Chile and the South American continent, Hyatt Hotels Corporation and HPV S.A. have opened Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura.
The first Hyatt Place hotel outside the U.S. debuted in Central America with the 2012 opening of Hyatt Place San Jose/Pinares in Costa Rica. The Hyatt Place brand has since grown its brand presence in Latin America and the Caribbean with locations in Puerto Rico, Mexico and now Chile. Expansion is set to continue in the region later this year with anticipated Hyatt Place hotel openings in Mexico and Panama.
"Hyatt's history in Chile spans more than 20 years, beginning when Grand Hyatt Santiago welcomed its first guests," said Myles McGourty, SVP of operations, Latin America & Caribbean for Hyatt. "Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura brings one of the newest brands in Hyatt's portfolio to Chile, and we look forward to sharing its unique approach to service with a new segment of travelers looking for approachable style and design. It is an exciting time to be growing in Chile."
Andreas Nauheimer, director of HPV S.A., stated, "We are excited to work once again with Hyatt and bring a new hotel to life in Santiago. Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura offers an innovative service concept and a modern design that we believe will be very successful in Santiago."
Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura is an upscale, select-service hotel designed for multitasking travelers, according to the brand. The hotel is located in the Santiago neighborhood of Vitacura, located 20 minutes from Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport on Americo Vespucio Avenue.
Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura offers 160 rooms, including 20 suites, with mountain or city views. All guestrooms feature a swiveling 46-in. HDTV, the Hyatt Grand Bed, a Cozy Corner sectional sofa-sleeper and Hyatt Plug Panel media center for connecting a laptop or media device to the TV.
Tags: Hyatt Place • Hospitality • Brands • Openings •
Technology has transformed travel. It's that simple. From virtual-reality tours to mobile check-in to storing and personalizing guests' preferences, technology is continuing to influence the way we stay and vacay, so to speak. And it's also continuing to impact the way hotels do business. It comes down to this equation: guests' demands + hotel delivery = happy customers.
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- Report: #953306
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: corporate services center
corporate services center5190 Neil Road, Suite 430, Reno, Nevada United States of America
corporate services center Cort Christie Gary Maranda Fredrick and Mike Toatle lies and scams Reno, Nevada
*Author of original report: ya ok
*General Comment: Litigation
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Gary Maranda called me one day telling me he could give me the world well due to my current situation I was all ears it sounded way good to be true and I was very upfront with him I told him my current credit situation and what its been like the last few years and it didnt even seem to phaze him he told me dont worry they work with people like me so it was to good to be true so then came the 297.00 fee part and I w said why do i half to pay 297.00 to get funding for my business and this is the lies right here Nevada Business Entity (Corporation or LLC)
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Ok thats fine but im already regestered with Arizona why would i be in Nevada Im not licensed to work in NV I already have a tax ID and so on Well anyways I noticed after I gave them my 297.00 this Gary Maranda guy was avoiding me every way he could so i got sispisious and started calling other people there telling them i was a new costumer and they said the person i need to speak with is Gary Maranda and he will be with me in a moment and I think he has caller ID cause he never answered
then I got a call from this Fredrick Guy who said he was a financle coach well he said that there is nothing he can do and said my 297.00 was non refundable well punch line i got my 297back cancled my card from my bank so they couldnt recharge it and now im letting anyone who gets a call from these BSers the know facts I know we all have dreams but no oner is just gonna hand over money out of the blue speccially these days for more info also scope out NCH on this site there the same company they just have muliple names to cover their tracks so stay clear cause its a lie
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 10/10/2012 09:50 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/corporate-services-center/Reno-Nevada-89502/corporate-services-center-Cort-Christie-Gary-Maranda-Fredrick-and-Mike-Toatle-lies-and-sca-953306. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Author of original report
ya ok
AUTHOR: Tim - ()
SUBMITTED: Friday, December 06, 2013POSTED: Friday, December 06, 2013
Bring it on cupcake then i sure will have my money
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 General Comment
AUTHOR: Attorney - ()
SUBMITTED: Friday, December 06, 2013POSTED: Friday, December 06, 2013
"Anonymous". Your statements are factually and patently misguided. It does not appear that you clearly understood? The statements are defamatory in nature and constitute defamation per se in the State of Nevada. An action has been initiated against you in the Eighth Judicial District Court, County of Clark, State of Nevada, 200 E. Lewis Street, Las Vegas, Nevada 89109. We are seeking your identity in the action and are seeking monetary damages. The Case number is A-13-684686. We are attempting to serve you at this time.
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