text:
Talk:University of Arkansas
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- 1 add this
- 2 older comments
- 3 Arkansas A&M?
- 4 Removed text copied verbatim from university website
- 5 Inconsistancies/difficulties with known facts
- 6 Minor Old Main Issues
- 7 Flagship Campus
- 8 Fan Message Boards
- 9 Notable Alumni
- 10 Error in Name of Alumnus
- 11 Fightin' Texas Aggie Band
- 12 Campus type designation
- 13 Image copyright problem with File:Arkansas-Razorback-Logo-2001.png
- 14 Image deletion discussion
- 15 External links modified
- 16 External links modified
add this[edit]
could you possibly add the following names to the Distinguished Lecture and Headliner Series: Jay Pharoh (comedy act in Fall 2011) Sarah Colonna (comedy act in Spring 2012) Kid Cudi (concert Spring 2012)
thanks! (royalsfan93) 15:51, Sept. 18, 2012 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Royalsfan93 (talk • contribs) 20:51, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
older comments[edit]
A new survey has been created to assess consensus with respect to university naming conventions, specifically regarding the usage of terms like "University of Texas" vs. "University of Texas at Austin". The poll addresses this issue both in the specific case of the "University of Maryland" and proposes an amendment to Wikipedia:Naming conventions which could impact a large number of additional pages, including this one. Dragons flight 17:47, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)
Arkansas A&M?[edit]
I'm researching a reference made to an "Arkansas A&M". Am I in the right place? Ëvilphoenix Burn! 20:57, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
- There is no Arkansas A&M that I know of, this is the U of A. There is a Texas A&M --The_stuart 21:33, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
- I think that Arkansas A&M is the old name for University of Arkansas at Monticello, if I'm not mistaken! InvictaHOG 03:42, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
- Yes, Arkansas A&M is indeed the old name of University of Arkansas at Monticello. Wikipedia Link University Link Cardsplayer4life 07:39, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
You may be trying to find Arkansas Agricultural Mechanical and Normal School (A. M. & N.) the old name for what is now University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.
Removed text copied verbatim from university website[edit]
The entire "history" section was a verbatim copy from
and as such as a copyright violation. I have removed it; please do not reinsert it. Dpbsmith (talk) 21:52, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
- Added a new history section created from scratch. (Cardsplayer4life 19:31, 6 February 2006 (UTC))
- P. S. If you happen to be at the University of Arkansas, or for that matter at any big university, it might not be too hard to get your hands on a copy of Reynolds, John Hugh and Davis Yancey Thomas (1910), "History of the University of Arkansas," University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, 1910. Used book dealers at www.abebooks.com seem to want $35 and $40 for a used copy, too bad, that's too pricey for casual curiosity... Dpbsmith (talk) 23:47, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
- Cool, sorry I should not have used the word "scratch", I meant I typed it all, but yes I did use the other one as a reference since it is all factual info. I added a bit more to it now, as well as some other edits. (Cardsplayer4life 03:35, 7 February 2006 (UTC))
Current article
The University of Arkansas was founded in 1871, on the site of a former hilltop farm that overlooked the Ozark Mountains (giving it the nickname "The Hill"). The University is considered to be the "state's flagship institution of higher education." [1]
The University was established under the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862. The University's founding also satisfied the provision in the Arkansas Constitution of 1868 that the General Assembly was to "establish and maintain a State University."
Initially, to found the University, $130,000 was raised (by the citizens of Washington County). This was in response to the competition created by the Arkansas General Assembly's Organic Act of 1871, providing for the "location, organization and maintenance of the Arkansas Industrial University with a normal department [i.e., teacher education] therein."
Completed in 1875, Old Main building is a twin-towered brick building that is an official state landmark. It housed the first classes taught at the university. Today, it contains the restored Giffels Auditorium and historic displays, as well as the administrative offices of the J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Sciences.
Beginning with the class of 1876, the University of Arkansas "Senior Walk" progresses throughout the entire campus, and is one of a kind nationally. The sidewalks of the university bear the engraved names of everyone who has ever graduated (with any type of degree) from the University.
University website
The University of Arkansas, the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System, rests on a former hilltop farm overlooking the Ozark Mountains to the south. At the University's founding in 1871, the site in Fayetteville was described as "second to none in the state of Arkansas."
Located in Fayetteville, the U of A is both the major land-grant university for Arkansas and the state university. The University came into being under the Morrill Land-Grant College Act of 1862, through which federal land sales provided funds for new colleges devoted to "agriculture and the mechanic arts," "scientific and classical studies," and "military tactics" for the "liberal and practical education of the industrial classes." The University's founding satisfied the provision in the Arkansas Constitution of 1868 that the General Assembly "establish and maintain a State University."
Citizens in Fayetteville and surrounding Washington County raised $130,000 to secure the University in a statewide competition sparked by the General Assembly's Organic Act of 1871, providing for the "location, organization and maintenance of the Arkansas Industrial University with a normal department [i.e., teacher education] therein."
Inconsistancies/difficulties with known facts[edit]
Primarily, the problem of the article I found resides in the History and Founding section of the article on the University of Arkansas. The statement that "The University is both the major land-grant university for Arkansas and the state university" is both somewhat opinionated, as far as the part of the university being the "major land-grant university," and patently untrue, as far as being "the state university". Arkansas does not have a single, unified university system. Articles in the Wikipedia prove the non-unified nature of the Arkansas state (read public) universities, when considering Arkansas State University, Southern Arkansas University, University of Central Arkansas, and Henderson State University. These four institutions are all state-supported institutions, but they are also not University of Arkansas System universities.
There is ambiguity on the relationship between The University of Arkansas (at Fayetteville) with the university now known as the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Yes, U of A is the oldest land-grant institution in Arkansas, but not the only one, and it was created under the Morrill Act of 1864. And yes, at the inception of Branch Normal College in 1873 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, it was an extension of the Normal Department of the Arkansas Industrial University (AIU). But it seems to be inferred that Branch Normal College split away from then AIU to become Arkansas AM&N circa 1875, and later became a land-grant institution under the Morrill Act of 1890. The information is hard to find from other online sources, as even the history page that UAPB's site (http://www.uapb.edu/history/milestones.html) does not make mention of an independent board for the school until 1927. The fact that the institution was made a land-grant institution under the Morrill Act of 1890 illuminates that there are two land-grant institutions in Arkansas, and should underscore the socio-econmic and cultural difficulties that had to have been encountered by a predominantly 'white' institution, the then AIU, administering a predominantly 'black' school, which was Branch Normal College, in the Southern United States between the years of the end of the Civil War to the beginning of the Civil Rights era in the 1960's because the two entities were not created at the same time by the same Act of Congress.
The use of the word 'major' in the opening statement of the history and founding section of the University of Arkansas is thus somewhat polarizing, obliquely suggesting that the second land-grant institution in Arkansas has failed to produce graduates of such important note as has been produced in the U of Arkansas' history. A better word to replace 'major' would be 'oldest' - as it's a objectively true fact, versus the subjectively true, or opinionated, fact of the U of A being the "major land-grant institution in Arkansas". Even the phrase "flagship university of the UA System" would be preferable, as it is the first and oldest university in the University of Arkansas System.
Arkansas AM&N did join (or rejoin) the U of A System in 1972, but, the U of A System did not exist before 1911, per se, as documented at http://www.uasys.edu/about.html. The U of A System appears to have been created as a tool for the administering of the non-profit Medical Sciences School in Little Rock by the University of Arkansas. It is conjecture to think that this tool was a result of lessons learned with administering Branch Normal College back in the time period between 1873 to 1927, but perhaps it may not be unreasonable to pose the conjecture, considering the racial tensions of the times.
All that said, the State of Arkansas placed the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. Every other institution in Arkansas is either a satellite, or a junior institution.
- I believe I was able to address and fix all of your concerns. (Cardsplayer4life 19:16, 6 February 2006 (UTC))
- Yes, I think you have. Thanks.
Minor Old Main Issues[edit]
I included information that classes were still held in Old Main, as it wasn't readily apparent in the current information. Having indulged myself in a recent history of the school, I'm quite sure that the first classes were held in the old McIlroy farm house, before Old Main was constructed. So the statement, "first held" was not accurate. I do plan to come back shortly, with the book in hand, so I can expand the history section of the school. RebelAt 06:19, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
- Terrific, thanks for the input. (Cardsplayer4life 21:51, 9 February 2006 (UTC))
Flagship Campus[edit]
This campus (the one located in Fayetteville, Arkansas) is considered to be the main (or flagship) campus of the University of Arkansas system, and I therefore feel justified in making the changes associated with that status. Here are a few references, I can provide more if needbe. [2] [3] [4] [5] (Cardsplayer4life 17:41, 15 May 2006 (UTC))
Fan Message Boards[edit]
The moderators are deleting fan sites in external links as spam. Please comment as to whether or not you believe fan sites hould be allowed as external links. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ermackey3 (talk • contribs)
- Your link is clearly violative of WP:SPAM and WP:EL, particularly because you're mass-adding it. --Nlu (talk) 02:00, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
- Moderators and posters on rival message boards are deleting and adding links in some sort of flame war. If they can't be adults, delete them all. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 02:39, 15 January 2007 (UTC).
you must be work for AD for life if you are deleting the people's message boards.Don't be afraid of the truth.
I mass-added it because we cover all sports teams in Arkansas - including the University of Arkansas. I added it to every team we cover IN ARKANSAS ONLY. You are being biased by defining a rule that fan sites are spam and then changing the justification. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ermackey3 (talk • contribs)
- Whether you agree or not, Wikipedia rules are rules. If you don't want to play by them, you'll be blocked indefinitely. --Nlu (talk) 18:48, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
We are only talking here. No need for threats. Your initial justification for deleting my link was that the site I added was spam. Now that you have been notified that other fan sites have been listed, you justify the deletion due to frequency. This means that the content was ok. Therefore, since the content is ok and I have notified you that the frequency of my link posting was because we are a fan board for multiple Arkansas teams can we repost the link or do I need to start arbitration?
Notable Alumni[edit]
Mullins was never chancellor at North Carolina State University. as the linked article states, JT Caldwell (whose portrait hangs in Holladay Hall on campus) left Arkansas to lead NCSU. you all might want to amend that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 07:22, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
Scott Fendley was added under the "Notable Alumni" section on 4/29/2006 at 03:58 from IP address 22.214.171.124 (hostname: ip70-178-185-53.ks.ks.cox.net). This IP address has the following information associated with it:
Cox Communications Inc. NETBLK-COX-ATLANTA-10 (NET-70-160-0-0-1) 220.127.116.11 - 22.214.171.124 Cox Communications NETBLK-WI-RDC-70-178-0-0 (NET-70-178-0-0-1) 188.8.131.52 - 184.108.40.206
Scott Fendley was removed from the "Notable Alumni" section on 9/6/2006 at 09:46 (a reign of almost 5 months) by registered user Tomkeene with no comment.
As someone who knows Scott, I can attest that he is not a "Notable Alumnus" any more than the other graduates of his class, and I agree with his removal. This addition to the Talk page simply serves to document the incident, since the edit logs don't show any comments.
This is the information added by the user from 220.127.116.11:
[[Scott Fendley]] -- IT security researcher and incident handler of the [[Internet Storm Center]]
There was also a disingenuous Scott Fendley article which has since been removed. Can you say self-aggrandizement?
Error in Name of Alumnus[edit]
There seems to be an error in this citation of a very distinguished alumnus. I believe his name is actually Loy Edgar Barton.
In the 1920s, Loy Barnett, an engineering graduate student at the University of Arkansas, set forth the principle of high-level Class B plate modulation for radio transmission and developed the technology that allowed small- and medium-size AM radio stations to flourish across the United States. Barnett later joined RCA and continued research on broadcast technology into the 1960s.
To not have this correct in such a location as this, adds insult to a brilliant but humble man who has never received due recognition for his accomplishments. Please consult this link, Loy Barton, a Forgotten Radio Pioneer at [6] Though I signed on operator logs of KUOA at the JBU location in 1953-54, I suggest that one of the regular editors here make the actual correction and possibly an amplification. Obee1 (talk) 19:58, 16 January 2008 (UTC)
Fightin' Texas Aggie Band[edit]
There is a quote over at Fightin' Texas Aggie Band#Modernization and expansion and Talk:Fightin' Texas Aggie Band#NPOV tag that is a bit disparaging to this University's band. Can someone here verify its accuracy?
Specifically: "In 1975, at a televised game versus the University of Arkansas, the Aggie Band was repeatedly asked to play music during lulls in the game. By the fourth quarter, the Aggie Band had played on TV during every break and Colonel Haney, trying his best to be fair, told the cameraman that they really should let the Razorback Band play a little too. The cameraman called up to the broadcast booth to get guidance and then replied, "The director doesn't want to hear the Arkansas band, he wants to hear the Aggie Band."[1] The only reference is an aggie publication. ThreeE 20:13, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
- Hmm, never heard that before. Sounds highly suspect to me. Cardsplayer4life 10:09, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
- Do you honestly think you are going to find someone who remembers that game and was sitting close enough to the band to hear this?
- This question is in violation of the talk page guidelines and should be removed. — BQZip01 — talk 13:54, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
- Lets not drag your and ThreeE's conflict over here, shall we? As ThreeE is simply seeking out if someone can verify or disclaim a fact that those who pay attention to the University of Arkansas' article might know, I see nothing wrong with the post. As Arkansas is particular to the question at hand, it sounds entirely reasonable. I am tempted to contact the head of the Arkansas band department and see if they can offer any insight. That said, as a Razorback, I'm not too insulted when a director, whose probably a Texan, makes a defamatory remark towards Arkansas. No one wants to hear another state's band play better than your own. [totally unsubstantiated claim]. :) ~ (The Rebel At) ~ 22:40, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
- Fair 'nuff. I was just trying to keep the discussion over there. If you guys want to assist, then, by all means, hope to hear from you soon. — BQZip01 — talk 05:41, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
Campus type designation[edit]
It appears to me that the Campus type designations used on various university pages ("Urban", "Suburban", or "College Town") lack any objective criteria for classification. For example, Fayetteville, Arkansas, home of the University of Arkansas, is classified as a "college town", whereas College Station, Texas, home of Texas A&M, is classified as "urban." Fayetteville is part of a metropolitan statistical area that has a population of over 400,000 people. And that area is home to many businesses, including two of the largest corporations in America (Wal-Mart and Tyson), so it is hardly "dominated" by the University of Arkansas. On the other hand, College Station, Texas' MSA has a population of only approximately 200,000. I would suggest that these classifications, until they can be better defined, should not be used. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 23:55, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
- Fayetteville, is indeed, a college town. While its part of a metropolitan area (Northwest Arkansas), that area is not one consistent urban environment. Indeed, it is anything but until you reach Rogers/Bentonville. Fayetteville does run contiguous with Springdale, but even then, it is easily understood and comprehended as being a "college town." ~ (The Rebel At) ~ 21:50, 16 June 2008 (UTC)
Your comment just proves all the more my point - that there is no objective definition of any of these categories. What is meant by "one consistent urban environment"? Also, you've apparently either never been to Northwest Arkansas or not been there in a long time. There is pretty much constant urbanization from Fayetteville to Bentonville. And back to my original observation: why is U of A in a "college town" whereas Texas A&M, in College Station, Texas, is apparently in an "urban" setting? I've been to both and Northwest Arkansas is considerably more "urbanized" than is College Station. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 11:42, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
- Actually, I live and attend the law school there. Nice try. A "consistent urban environment" denotes the fact that there are no cow pastures and fields and woods in between the respective cities of the metropolitan area. Driving north from Fayetteville on 540 to Rogers-Bentonville, reveals quite a bit of open land. A college town is essentially defined as a small town or city with a large university. Fayetteville is not a big city. It is a small city. If you wish to argue about what a college town is, check out its article or go to the Wikipedia:WikiProject Universities, who established the format of the infobox and argue there. It'd be much more productive than arguing the fact at one specific university page. Lastly, this argument seems better suited to Texas A&M's page, versus Arkansas'.~ (The Rebel At) ~ 12:51, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
- Note, I've replied to your deleted comment on your anonymous IP address' talk page. Thanks. ~ (The Rebel At) ~ 15:27, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
- Actually, I live and attend the law school there. Nice try. A "consistent urban environment" denotes the fact that there are no cow pastures and fields and woods in between the respective cities of the metropolitan area. Driving north from Fayetteville on 540 to Rogers-Bentonville, reveals quite a bit of open land. A college town is essentially defined as a small town or city with a large university. Fayetteville is not a big city. It is a small city. If you wish to argue about what a college town is, check out its article or go to the Wikipedia:WikiProject Universities, who established the format of the infobox and argue there. It'd be much more productive than arguing the fact at one specific university page. Lastly, this argument seems better suited to Texas A&M's page, versus Arkansas'.~ (The Rebel At) ~ 12:51, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
- The categorization of college campus types isn't subjective in the sense that we get to decide what to call it on wikipedia. The National Center for Education Statistics categorizes universities into the "rural", "college town", "urban", etc. labels based off criteria it defines at each census. The University of Arkansas was actually mis-categorized as "rural" in 2000 due to a zip code issue that has since been resolved. I noticed it a year ago when I was working on some fact sheets for the University and contacted the NCES about this since other universities in smaller towns and areas were categorized differently than Arkansas was. They reviewed it and told me there had been an error and it would be fixed. How it went unnoticed for 9 years, I don't know, but it has since been rectifies, and "College Town" is indeed the correct category. Thanks for your work on this. User: mmcnell —Preceding undated comment added 04:14, 18 November 2010 (UTC).
Image copyright problem with File:Arkansas-Razorback-Logo-2001.png[edit]
The image File:Arkansas-Razorback-Logo-2001.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check
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This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. --12:45, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
Image deletion discussion[edit]
Relevant deletion discussion at Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2012 January 1#File:Arkansas Football.png.--GrapedApe (talk) 17:55, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
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Rogue Descendant
For Immortal Huntress and cunning P.I. Nikki Glass, vengeance trumps all in the newest novel in Jenna Black's addictive series. Nikki Glass, descendant of Artemis the Huntress, is all for justice, but she draws the line at cold-blooded murder. Too bad she works for Anderson Kane, a god in disguise who just happens to be the son of a Fury. He wants Konstantin, the deposed leader of the Olympians, dead, and he needs Nikki's help to hunt his nemesis down. Saying no to a god might be bad for her health, but Nikki is no pushover . . . until Konstantin claims responsibility for a fire that destroys her parents' home. Nikki would do anything to protect her family, and now she sets off on the deadliest of hunts, knowing that a single false step could trigger a war between Anderson and the Olympians—a war Anderson cannot hope to win. But is it possible she has another enemy? Maybe even one in her own house? As the mysteries deepen and the suspects mount, Nikki must try to put the pieces together and catch the real culprit before innocent people get caught in the cross fire.
- Pocket Books |
- 384 pages |
- April 2013

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Photos/Quotes: Povetkin, Chagaev Go Face To Face
Alexander Povetkin (21-0, 15 KOs) and Ruslan Chagaev (27-1-1, 17 KOs) today participated in an international press conference in Erfurt, Germany, one month ahead of their WBA Heavyweight Title fight. After Wladimir Klitschko added the WBA belt to his IBF & WBO titles, the WBA made him super champion and the title became vacant. Top-ranked Chagaev and Povetkin, the number two, now fight for the title in Erfurt on August 27. "I have won the Olympic gold medal and I´ve been World and European Amateur Champion," unbeaten Povetkin said. "Now I want to finally accomplish my goal of winning the world title as a professional. I have a lot of respect for Chagaev, but he will not get in my way."
Chagaev, who dethroned "The Russian Giant" Nikolai Valuev back in April 2007, was equally respectful of his opponent. "Povetkin is a strong fighter, but I want to become world champion again and win back my old title. I am highly motivated." And his coach Michael Timm added: "This will be a great fight which could be over after three rounds. But it could also go the distance. We will be prepared for the full twelve rounds."
Chris Meyer, General Manager of Team Sauerland, said that a meeting between Sauerland Event and Universum, who promote Chagaev, is always special. "For many, many years Sauerland Event and Universum have been fighting to boost the sport of boxing in Germany. Whenever our paths cross inside the ring, the fans are guaranteed a very exciting fight. There are many examples from the past, and I am sure that August 27 will be no different."
Vlad Hrunov, Povetkin´s manager, is also looking forward to an exciting heavyweight title fight. "It will be a clash at the highest-possible level," he stated. "Both Alexander Povetkin and Ruslan Chagaev are top athletes and fair sportsmen. It´s nice to be on a press conference that focuses entirely on the sport and not on provocations. That tells you everything you need to know about the fight. It will be very exciting – with the better ending for Alexander."
In the co-featured main event, WBA/WBO Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion Robert Helenius (15-0, 10 KOs) will be looking to knock out another former world champion. After destroying Lamon Brewster and Sam Peter, he now takes on Siarhei Liakhovich (25-3, 16 KOs).
Povetkin is looking REALLY soft around the midsection. Looks like he's been eating burgers and drinking russian milkshakes. Im leaning more towards Chagaev based on their current condition.Comment by Sadistic on 07-29-2011
[QUOTE=Freedom.;10910644]Chagaev looks healthier than in past photos - or is that wishful thinking on my part? Povetkin looks rather soft - the inactivity probably hasn't been good for him. If he's at his best, Ruslan will beat Povetkin. But I'm…Comment by Sadistic on 07-28-2011
Very interesting matchup. Two world class pros with great amatuer backgrounds. Hopefully Povetkin wins and gains the courage to fight Wlad. I want to see Wlad demolish Povetkin and shut Atlas' big mouth.Comment by Banderivets on 07-28-2011
Lets go Chagaev, knock out the russian.Comment by teddycanyon on 07-28-2011
what are the chances the hepatitis thing doesn't come up again?Post a Comment - View More User Comments (7)


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Results 21 to 30 of 109
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 07:13 AM #21
And a shot showing the skills-side of the side-sheet, normally hidden under the game-mat. You only slide it out when you're trying to do something with an active skill use, and need to look up the rules.
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Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 08:23 AM #22
The Grand Druid (Lvl 20)
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Wow Bodhiwolff. Now that I see your player's mat, it's even more awesome than you described.
I'd buy that kit!
Check out my 5th Edition Story Hour, Dwimmer Deep!
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 09:21 AM #23
Heck, it is yours for free! (I put it on as an attachment, in a pdf form, along with the side-mat/skills-sheet that slides underneath).
I'm just hoping that somebody with more skill than I have makes one that is prettier!
The real hero is Grandpa and his wonderful Power Card set, all here from EnWorld. Bless Grandpa's Power Cards. They made my game!
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 10:19 AM #24
Waghalter (Lvl 7)
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- Winnipeg, MB
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ø Block jeffh
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(Makes Thievery check)
Jeff Heikkinen
Top 16 in Paizo's RPG Superstar 2015
Still writing, playtesting and laying out the Fantasy Infinity project. Look for the playtest version on DriveThruRPG any decade now!
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 12:17 PM #25
Acolyte (Lvl 2)
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- May 2008
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- Birmingham, UK
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For the curses and marks and stuff we use coloured paperclips alas there are only so many colours so we use the aforementioned things to track other things on the field.
I think pipe cleaners cut and bent into hoops would be better as they don't mark minatures, are easier to bend and adjust and come in more colours.
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 05:23 PM #26
Cutpurse (Lvl 5)
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- Mar 2008
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- Calgary AB Canada
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Seen it sooo many times. I only play at clubs and conventions, so I see a great many gamers, and it is almost universally true. Folks who could handle doing the arithmetic from scratch every time are the ones who have it pre-calculated, and folks who can't don't.
Big Mike
Calgary AB Canada
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 08:01 PM #27
Acolyte (Lvl 2)
- Join Date
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- Bedfordshire, UK
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Bodhiwolff - I love your idea. And in exchange for allowing all of us to steal it from you I thought I'd have a go at doing it up a bit. I rearranged the components a bit hope you like it.
If anyone has any suggestions for improvements let me know. Not going to promise anything but will certainly consider doing variations. Fonts and background image should be easy to change.
Last edited by Goblyns Hoard; Saturday, 23rd August, 2008 at 10:20 AM.
5... 4... 3... 2... 1. Probability factor of 1 to 1, we have normality, I repeat we have normality. Anything you can no longer cope with is therefore your own problem.
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 09:27 PM #28
Goblyn's Hoard, that is beautiful stuff!
Making it look like a rolled-up parchment was inspired! Very slick!
I'm loathe to make suggestions after you made such a beautiful product -- but refinement makes for a better end-product, and if I throw in some ideas, maybe other people will throw in theirs too.
I'm assuming that where there are two boxes, the one box is for a +/- sign, and the other box is for a number? (I realized that my prototype wound up with some oddballs where you would have an inked-in minus sign next to a pre-typed plus sign, which was very strange indeed!
I wonder if it is possible to make the sign boxes smaller than the numeral boxes? It doesn't seem like they'd need as much room as a number would? But then again, maybe I'm wrong.
I also found that it was important to have a (faded/watermarked/light-coloured) box inside the hitpoint boxes (and other boxes), to put the actual value in, as a reference point. Once people got going with throwing tokens in and out, they'd forget what their max was, so they'd have to refer back to the sheet to grab their max number of tokens.
Is the healing-surge token space and Action Point token space large enough? The action point one only has to hold a few tokens, but the Healing Surge one has to hold quite a few. On the other and, the healing value is written on the power cards for the Second Wind, so you could consider saving some space there.
But again, these are just refinement suggestions, because I really, really appreciate what you did.
Just beautiful stuff!
Friday, 22nd August, 2008, 09:44 PM #29
One more thing ... while advanced players know how to exchange one action for another, in the beginning the little arrows did actually help the newbies figure out which type of action could be exchanged for which.
Would it be possible to put in some arrows between your own "Standard Action" / "Move Action" / "Minor Action" boxes? I mean, unobtrusive, and still in keeping with your own style, of course!
Saturday, 23rd August, 2008, 07:41 AM #30
Here is a copy of the Primer I'd e-mailed my friends.
It relies heavily on the "Shadowfell" module quickstart rules -- and by "relies heavily" I mean "I re-typed it and added about 5 percent new material". I added those bits which I figured the players would need, but weren't included in the quickstart rules.
So the writing style is almost pure WOTC, and not my own.
Some people might find such a thing useful for new players. Much easier than asking them to read the entire rulebook.
It is titled "Learn to play D&D in 8 pages of 12 pont font" (really it is 8 1/2 pages) ... so you know exactly what you're getting into!


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The ILFM has a wide range of training options for those wanting to learn and also keep up-to-date with the latest developments in Legal Finance and Practice Management.
Instant savings...
ILFM Members can save up to £100 on a full day course. Membership is just £95+VAT More info or to join..
We currently run the following. Click on any one to find out more info, dates and to book.
Cybercrime and Fraud Workshop - A half day workshop which explains some of the risks being faced and the latest threats. It will offer useful tips and everyday solutions to reduce the risk of being a victim of fraud and cybercrime. Increase your awareness to protect your clients and your business!
Credit Management – This is a one day training covering the complete revenue cycle within a solicitors' practice with the aim of maximising cash and so profit.
SRA Accounts Rules 2011 – a one day training day providing a full review of the SRA Accounts Rules 2011; particularly valuable for those new to legal finance or anyone who has not undertaken Accounts Rules training in the last three years.
Half Day – a half day practical training covering some of the main provisions of the SRA accounts rules 2011; particularly useful as a refresher for those more familiar with the rules including experienced legal finance staff, solicitors, fee earners, administrative and cash office personnel.
COFA Training – Two half day workshops dedicated to the compliance role of COFA. Available as a whole day or attendees can choose to attend either one of the half day sessions. Whether you are being appointed as a COFA, a member of an accounts team or supporting the COFA in their role you will find these workshops valuable.
COFA - A Practical View, Half-day Workshop – Useful as a refresher for COFAs or those supporting the COFA, this half day training takes a practical look at some of the issues faced by COFAs on a daily basis, including materiality testing and what to consider when categorising breaches.
VAT for Legal Accounting - a one day training designed specifically for those in legal practice or management providing guidance and practical advice about key aspects of VAT compliance including treatment of disbursements.
Practice Management – a one day training offering practical advice and guidance in making your practice more profitable by increasing fees, reducing bad debts using proven methods, the efficient use of capital, increasing motivation and best practice to achieve good management.
Financial Management in the Legal Department - a one day training designed to provide practical advice and guidance for all those responsible for maintaining and managing the accounts of a solicitors' practice.
Introduction to the Legal Finance Department - particularly suitable for anyone new to legal finance, this one day training looks at double entry bookkeeping and understanding the fundamentals of legal cashiering.


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Definition of Arita in English:
A type of Japanese porcelain characterized by asymmetric decoration.
Example sentences
- The second part of the article about Japanese ceramics is about Arita, Kakiemon, Fukugawa, Kutani, Satsuma, Banko Earthenware and Satsuma pottery.
- Figure 4 shows a Meissen vase that imitates Japanese Arita porcelain; in time unique decorative modes and figurines were elaborated.
- Besides Imari, the most famous names for porcelain are Arita, Kutani, Hirado, Kakiemon and Satsuma.
Late 19th century: named after Arita, a town in Japan, where it is made.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: A·ri·ta
Definition of Arita in:
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= trending


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This handy-sized, faux leather journal makes a wonderful gift for mass or faith journaling. The cover is inscribed with the words from Jeremiah 29:11, "For I know the plans I have for you." It features a flexible cover and 240 lined pages. Measures 5 by 7 inches.
|Carolyn Audije (Jacksonville, Florida, January 21, 2016)
|I absolutely love it!
|Brad (Denver, July 14, 2015)
|I bought this for a young lady to record her spiritual growth that she vigorously pursues. I had it personalized as well. It is outstanding and the binding should hold up very well. It's a great gift!


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JubileeThis show's constant updates, keeps guests returning to the ticket booth, for a seat at the next presentation. Voted the "Best Showgirls" in town, this show is truly a Las Vegas classic!
No show captures the Vegas experience better than Jubilee, which might explain why it has survived for more than 20 years. A feast for the eyes and ears, Jubilee is all about style, from the glamorous costumes to the choreographed top-hats-and-tails number, to the million dollar sets with casts of hundreds. The show begins with a 16-minute tribute to the showgirl, which gives the statuesque dancers a chance to show their stuff – the lavish costumes, designed by Pete Menefee and Bob Mackie, leave little to the imagination.
JubileeFor over 20 years Donn Arden's Jubilee! has treated visitors to a spectacular floorshow of music and dance for which only Las Vegas is renowned. Gorgeous showgirls, presented in stunning costumes designed by Bob Mackie, perform on lavish million dollar sets. Talented singers are showcased among the feather laden ladies of the stage.
The dancers' incredible choreography includes eye-catching, toe-tapping musical numbers like the sinking of the Titanic to big finales which leave the audience begging for more.
Finding the right seats at the right price to the event you want can at times be overwhelming. Customers want to make sure that they're getting a good deal on the tickets they're purchasing. Here at Online Seats we do our very best to offer the best seats available at the most competetive price. We've been doing this for over 25 years now and we have helped thousands and thousands of customers get great seats at a great price. Sometimes we even help customers get not so great seats but at extremely cheap prices. Whatever it is you're looking for, you can be assured that we'll do our best to help you find the tickets you want. We have a staff of professionals that have been servicing the ticket needs of clients for many many years. If you don't find what you're looking for on our website, give us a call and one of our professional staff members will do whatever it takes to help you find what you're looking for. We wouldn't still be in business for over 25 years if not for the pride we take in providing quality and friendly customer service. OnlineSeats.com is your trusted and reliable ticket broker.


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Academic Year Lap Swim Hours -- Begin September 2nd
12:00-1:30pm (Eight Lanes)
6:30-8:00pm (Three Lanes)
12:00-1:30pm (Eight Lanes)
6:30-7:30pm (Three Lanes)
10:00am-12:00pm* (Eight Lanes)
12:00-1:00pm* (Eight Lanes)
*occasional closings for home swim meets
Pool Closures:
Friday, February 12 (No Evening Lap Swim)
Saturday, February 13
Sunday, February 14
Saturday, March 5
Sunday, March 6
Saturday, March 12
Summer Lap Swim Hours -- Begin May 5th
May 5 to June 30
Monday - Friday 12:15-1:15pm (8 lanes)
Monday & Thursday 5:30-7:30pm (3 lanes)
Tuesday & Wednesday 6:30-7:30pm (3 lanes)
July 1 to August 21
Monday - Friday 12:15-1:15pm (8 lanes)
Monday & Wednesday 5:00-6:00pm (8 lanes)
Tuesday & Thursday 6:00-7:00pm (8 lanes)
*3 lanes only from 5:45-6:00pm during May & June
Saturday & Sunday CLOSED
Aquatic Facility Rules
Swimming Pool
- Bath caps are required for all swimmers.
- Clean bathing suits are required. No shorts.
- No shoes are allowed on deck.
- Soap showers must be taken before entering the pool.
- Starting blocks and diving boards are for use by the varsity swimming and diving team only.
- No children under the age of 16 are allowed in the pool without adult supervision. Children under the age of 12 must be actively monitored by a parent/guardian in all areas.
- Persons with communicable skin diseases, skin infections, abrasions, or open wounds should not use the pool.
- The 25-yard area is for lap swimming only. Patrons must circle swim, staying to the right.
- The shallow pool is for recreation and children.
- Feet first pool entry only. No diving in any area less than 9 ft. deep.
- No running or horseplay in the pool or on the deck.
- No person shall spit, or in any way contaminate the pool, floors, walkways, aisles, or locker rooms.
- No person shall throw into the pool any objects that contaminate the pool or endanger the bathers.
- No glass containers allowed in the pool walkways or 9 ft. of the pool area.
- No floatation devices of any kind.
- Diapers are not allowed in the pool unless covered by plastic pants.
- The sports center staff has the authority to dismiss anyone from the pool area
Sauna and Spa
- Children under the age of 16 may use the sauna or spa only with close adult supervision.
- Use both the sauna and spa in moderation.
- Excessive exposure may be harmful to your health. Consult your physician before using the sauna or spa.
- Time limit: 30 minutes for the sauna and 10 minutes for the spa.
- No person with communicable diseases are allowed to use the sauna or spa.
- Showers must be taken before entering the spa.
- Appropriate swimwear is required.


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The Standards
Grade 7
Ratios and Proportional Relationships 7.RP.A.2.b
2b. Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) in tables, graphs, equations, diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships.
The constant of proportionality is just a fancy term for the unit rate, with the caveat that we express it as a constant number instead of a rate of change. All we're asking students to do is to track this constant down across the whole kit 'n' caboodle of different proportional representations. Yep. That's it.
If they're looking at a table of values, students should know the constant of proportionality is the quotient of the dependent and independent variables—take any value of y and divide it by its corresponding x. They can also find the spot where the independent variable (x) has a value of 1.
Graphically, this means the constant of proportionality is just the slope of the linear function, a.k.a. the value of r at the point (1, r). Just have your students find the spot on the graph where x = 1, or find the slope using the ol' standby, rise over run.
And that makes it nice and easy to find the unit rate in an equation: just pop that thing into point-slope form, and our unit rate is the m in y = mx + b. It's also handy for students to know that proportional relationships will always have a y-intercept of 0 when we graph them.
For verbal descriptions of proportions, the constant of proportionality is the number that relates the two quantities to each other. If Grandma is baking a dozen cookies per hour, our constant of proportionality is 12 because each hour (the independent variable) translates into 12 cookies (the dependent variable). Too bad our rate of eating cookies is a lot higher than that.


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Take a sneak peek at the new NIST.gov and let us know what you think!
(Please note: some content may not be complete on the beta site.).
Environment/Climate Standard Reference Materials News
(showing 1 - 3 of 3)
SF6 Shows Promise as Mercury Substitute
Release Date: 05/27/2016
PML's Weston Tew with the new triple-point cel more
NIST Seeks Comments on Plan to Simplify Access to Its Research Data and Publications
Release Date: 07/08/2015
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) generate data and author publications that lead to advances in diverse … more
NIST Releases Gulf of Mexico Crude Oil Reference Material
Release Date: 03/06/2012
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has released a new certified reference material to support the federal government's … more
ContactGeneral Information:
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Ryan Seacrest, Bravo team for reality series 'Shahs of Sunset'
Ryan Seacrest is partnering with Bravo on a new reality series tentatively titled "Shahs of Sunset."
The show will follow a group of wealthy young Persian-American friends in Los Angeles who strive to find a balance between working and having expensive fun with their more traditional family lives.
"The Persian American community in Los Angeles is a perfect fit for Bravo's next great docu-series. The group of friends featured in our show are colorful, affluent, and fun," said Bravo executive Andy Cohen in a release. "Ryan and his team understand what our viewers want to see and when they brought us this group we responded immediately. There's not a show like it on TV"
"We're pleased to bring this exciting new story of a distinct and compelling community of Los Angeles to the Bravo audience," said Seacrest. "The series will offer rich characters and relatable storylines about everyday life -- love, work, friendship and family -- steeped in a diverse culture, which is wildly entertaining and fun."
Seacrest, who seems to be on TV or on the radio 25 hours a day, is best-known as the host of "American Idol." He serves as executie producer on the hit reality series "Keeping Up With the Kardashians."


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A KU Klux Klan member has successfully sued a Texas sheriff for putting him in a jail cell with black inmates who beat him up.
Larry Webster, 42, was awaiting trial on kidnapping and robbery charges in Galveston in 1993 when he was put in the cell with black prisoners. His tattoos immediately identified him as a Klansman. He was kicked in the face and suffered various injuries to his body, forcing him to be treated in a hospital emergency room.
The verdict holds Galveston's county sheriff, Eric Nevelow, and the prison manager liable for £37,000 in damages. They were said to have been negligent in their treatment of a prisoner so obviously at risk because of his white supremacist beliefs.
Don Glywasky, who defended the deputies, said the jail was too crowded to put Webster in cells away from black prisoners. Webster, who has been in jail since November on a parole violation, represented himself in the four-day civil trial in Galveston. He argued that he had been treated harshly for his beliefs.
Mr Glywasky praised Webster's legal efforts. He said: "He did a great job of representing himself. This is the first case I've lost and I've been practising for 17 years."


text:
News 12 at 6 o'clock / Jan. 14, 2014
"It was about 12:30 we were having lunch and he knocked on the door," said Pauline Woodward. Woodward who is 80-years-old and her husband, Kelly who is 96-years-old say they invited the man on the other side of the door into their home. "Jimmy Mack, that was the one that came up to the door," said Woodward.
She says Mack was with Four Seasons Painting and Coating out of Augusta and that he could spray coat her driveway and fill the cracks making it look brand new for next to nothing. "Oh it will look so much better we can spray it and it'll turn grey just like new concrete," said Woodward.
Thirty minutes later, Woodward says her driveway was covered in what appears to be just white paint. Two weeks since the work has been finished, the paint is peeling when it rains, exposing the original concrete surface underneath. Unhappy with the work, she says she did not feel it was worth $640. She says Mack agreed to settle for a lesser price.
"Just $600, give me $600," said Woodward. Not much of a difference and hundreds of dollars more than she says the original verbal estimate was for. "He was very convincing," said Woodward.
She said she had learned an expensive lesson and will think twice the next time someone comes knocking on her door with an offer that seems too good to be true. "I feel terrible. I feel terrible about what's happened," said Woodward.
We called the number listed with the company but it was disconnected. Meanwhile our investigation found no company operating in Augusta by the name of Four Seasons Painting and Coating.
The Better Business Bureau says: do not ever contract with any paving, seal coating, roofing or home improvement company that knocks on your door.


text:
Dr. Glenn E. Lockwood, DDS
(907) 283-4875
Dental bridges
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Emergency Contact
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Team with us for all your dental needs!
As Kenai, AK's local provider of cosmetic and general dentistry services, there's one thing we like more than any other: a great smile! And it's our mission to give everyone in the Kenai area just that. A great smile. Whether you've been going to the dentist all your life, or if you've been putting it off, we invite you to join us at our Kenai office for a routine checkup, or to discuss any issues or concerns you have with your teeth or oral hygiene needs with Sarah Palmer, RDH or Dr. Glenn E. Lockwood, DDS. You'll be glad you did.
We can arm you with the knowledge and tools to help give you a brighter smile for life! Come see us to learn more about our preventative, restorative, and general dentistry services today!
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Services Offered
In addition to general dentistry services, you'll find a wide variety of options for meeting your dental hygiene goals.
Some of our many services include, but not limited to:
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While we are professional, we are much more than that. We are friendly, patient centered, and promote mutual engagement with our patients to create a culture of compassion, friendship, respect while being mindful there is more than just a patient in our chair-you are a friend. You will experience consistent efforts to ensure the continuity of your dental goals are honored and met. Our promise to you is the commitment to never take that for granted.
When you put your trust in us to assist you with your dental hygiene needs, you'll end up with more confidence, healthier teeth and a new spring in your step knowing you are supported from beginning to end.
Come join the experience at KDC today!
Premium family dentistry where patients come first and relationships are built!
When you make Kenai Dental Clinic your dentistry partner, you can be confident you are putting yourself into the best care anywhere in the Kenai area. At Kenai Dental Clinic, we've built a reputation as the area's most capable, caring, and compassionate dental practice.
That's because we always put our patients at ease. It's just how we are! So make your appointment today and experience our caring difference for yourself!
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FHS boys' golf team 11th at state match
The Frankenmuth varsity boys' golf team capped off a great post season with an 11th place finish at the MHSAA Division 3 State Tournament last weekend.
The Eagle golfers competed at East Lansing's Forest Akers East Golf Course, on a modified par-71 course. The third hole, normally a par 5, was under construction and changed to a par 4.
FHS shot 317 on Friday and 336 on Saturday for a 653 score. Tawas High School won the Division 3 crown, carding an even 600 (303-297) and edging Jackson Lumen Christi by three strokes (603).
Essexville Garber, the 2016 Tri-Valley Conference East Division champs, took eighth place at 637 (310-327) while local rival Flint Powers Catholic was tied for ninth place with a 643 (328-315).
"We had an exceptional couple of weeks. We managed to top our regional score by one stroke on day one, with Sam Struble continuing his steady play with a 78," FHS Coach Dan Wagner said. niel (Wagner) bettered his regional score by one stroke with a 77 while Nick (Fisher) and Chase (Singer) played steady with 81s. Jacksen (McKenzie) played to an 85."
The team was in seventh place heading into Saturday's final 18 holes. However, the weather turned warm, muggy and breezy.
"The second day was hot . . . 91 degrees. The wind made it tolerable but made shot making difficult. Hitting fairways and greens in regulation became more challenging and as a result, we saw bigger numbers," Wagner pointed out.
All five 'Muth golfers had higher scores on day two. Struble shot 81 for an overall 159; Wagner came in with an 82 for an overall 164; Fisher registered an 83 for an overall 164; Singer carded a 90 for an overall 171 and; McKenzie shot 91 for an overall 176.
𠇎ven though we didn't score well in comparison to the other schools, we managed to shoot our average 18 hole score of 336. We wanted more but it wasn't meant to be on day two. We did however play within our abilities and represented Frankenmuth with respectable scores. It was great experience for all," Wagner concluded.
We're glad you took the time to check out the abbreviated version of our paper. To enjoy the Frankenmuth News in its entirety - click on the "subscribe" tab.


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Recent Posts
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UCB Links
Monthly Archives: April 2013
Mozeliak makes bullpen move
Yesterday was the UCB trip to the ballpark where select members received the opportunity to have a brief Q&A session with John Mozeliak and Bill DeWitt III. My question for the team's General Manager would have been when do the bullpen issues reach critical mass and require the team to start making moves? The answer? Today. Marc Rzepczynski will be headed to Memphis while Seth Maness should catch up with … Continue reading
Posted in Roster Moves Tagged 2013 Season, Mark Rzepczynski, Seth Maness Comments Off on Mozeliak makes bullpen move
ESPN's Best Pitchers?
ESPN posted this image to their Baseball Tonight Facebook page tonight with the caption, "The best pitcher in baseball is ____?" I just want to know how anyone with any knowledge of baseball kept a straight face while creating and then posting this graphic. I get what they were doing. These are all pitchers who have 4 wins and 0 losses. Which we all know is the end-all-be-all of pitching statistics … Continue reading
Posted in Quick Notes Tagged 2013 Season, Lance Lynn Comments Off on ESPN's Best Pitchers?
Matt Adams hits the DL
Matt Adams' hot start will have to wait for its next chance to burn as the Cardinals announced today that they have placed him on the 15 day disabled list retroactive to April 22nd. Adams had complained about tightness in his back and visited the club doctor yesterday to review the injury. Apparently it's bad enough to side line him for a couple weeks. Adams had been hitting .542 with … Continue reading
Posted in Roster Moves Tagged 2013 Season, Jermaine Curtis, Matt Adams Comments Off on Matt Adams hits the DL
Nationals fans are doing it wrong
Last night it was quite active on Twitter and he even got boos in the stadium, the Nationals fans hate Pete Kozma. And all I can do is laugh about it. It's like, what did Pete Kozma ever do to them? Only got a critical hit to beat them in Game 5 of last season's National League Divisional Series. That's not exactly a boo-able offense. Calling your team whiners? Sure. Calling … Continue reading
Posted in Quick Notes Tagged 2013 Season, Pete Kozma Comments Off on Nationals fans are doing it wrong
Should Lance Lynn move to closer?
It's easier to make a defense for Lance Lynn staying in the rotation after he tossed 7 innings of 1-hit baseball opposite a guy who makes 50 times what he does in a year. But even without that game, his merits and performance stand on its own over the last season as to why he belongs in the rotation. So why is this even worthy of discussion? In a radio … Continue reading
Posted in Columns Tagged 2013 Season, Lance Lynn Comments Off on Should Lance Lynn move to closer?


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Last universal ancestor
|This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Part of a series on
|Evolutionary biology
Diagrammatic representation of the divergence of modern taxonomic groups from their common ancestor
History of evolutionary theory
Fields and applications
The last universal ancestor (LUA), also called the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), cenancestor, or progenote, is the most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent.[1] Thus, it is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all current life on Earth. As such, it should not be assumed to be the first living organism. The LUA is estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago (sometime in the Paleoarchean era).[2][3] The earliest evidence for life on Earth is biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metamorphized sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland[4] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[5][6] A study in 2015 found potentially biogenic carbon from 4.1 billion years ago in ancient rocks in Western Australia. Such findings would indicate the existence of different conditions on Earth during that period than what is generally assumed today and point to an earlier origination of life.[7][8] In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life living on Earth.[9]
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process in his book On the Origin of Species in 1859, saying, "Therefore I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed."[10]
Considering what is known of the offspring groups (see phylogenetic bracketing), the LUA is thought to have been a small, single-cell organism. It likely had a ring-shaped coil of DNA floating freely within the cell, like modern bacteria. Morphologically, it would likely not have been exceptionally distinctive among a collection of generalized, small-size, modern-day bacteria. However, Carl Woese et al, who first proposed the currently-used three domain system based on an analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, stated that the LUA would have been a "...simpler, more rudimentary entity than the individual ancestors that spawned the three [domains] (and their descendants)" regarding its genetic machinery.[11]
While the gross anatomy of the LUA must be reconstructed with much uncertainty, its internal mechanisms may be described in some detail, based on the properties currently shared by all independently living organisms on Earth:[12][13][14][15]
- The genetic code was based on DNA.[16] Note, however, that some studies suggest that the LUCA may have lacked DNA and been defined wholly through RNA.[17]
- The DNA was composed of four nucleotides (deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, deoxythymidine, and deoxyguanosine), to the exclusion of other possible deoxynucleotides.
- The genetic code was composed of three-nucleotide codons, thus producing 64 different codons. Since only 20 amino acids were used, multiple codons code for the same amino acids.
- The DNA was kept double-stranded by a template-dependent DNA polymerase.
- The integrity of the DNA was maintained by a group of maintenance enzymes, including DNA topoisomerase, DNA ligase and other DNA repair enzymes. The DNA was also protected by DNA-binding proteins such as histones.
- The genetic code was expressed via RNA intermediates, which were single-strand.
- RNA was produced by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase using nucleotides similar to those of DNA with the exception that thymidine in DNA was replaced by uridine in RNA.
- The genetic code was expressed into proteins.
- Proteins were assembled from free amino acids by translation of an mRNA by ribosomes, tRNA and a group of related proteins.
- Ribosomes were composed of two subunits, one big 50S and one small 30S.
- Each ribosomal subunit was composed of a core of ribosomal RNA surrounded by ribosomal proteins.
- The RNA molecules (rRNA and tRNA) played an important role in the catalytic activity of the ribosomes.
- Only 20 amino acids were used, to the exclusion of countless other amino acids.
- Only the L-isomers of the amino acids were used.
- ATP was used as an energy intermediate.
- There were several hundred protein enzymes that catalyzed chemical reactions that extract energy from fats, sugars, and amino acids, and that synthesize fats, sugars, amino acids, and nucleic acid bases using arbitrary chemical pathways.
- The cell contained a water-based cytoplasm that was surrounded and effectively enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane.
- Inside the cell, the concentration of sodium was lower, and potassium was higher, than outside. This gradient was maintained by specific ion transporters (also referred to as ion pumps).
- The cell multiplied by duplicating all its contents followed by cellular division.
- The cell used chemiosmosis to produce energy. It also reduced CO2 and oxidized H2 (methanogenesis or acetogenesis) via acetyl-thioesters [18][19]
- The cell had 355 genes and lived in conditions found in deep sea vents caused by ocean water interacting with magma erupting through the ocean floor.[20][21]
In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in which he twice stated the hypothesis that there was only one progenitor for all life forms. In the summation he states, "Therefore I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed."[23] The very last sentence is a restatement of the hypothesis: "There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one."[23]
When the LUA was hypothesized, cladograms based on genetic distance between living cells indicated that Archaea split early from the rest of life. This was inferred from the fact that all known archaeans were highly resistant to environmental extremes such as high salinity, temperature or acidity, and led some scientists to suggest that the LUA evolved in areas like the deep ocean vents, where such extremes prevail today. Archaea, however, were discovered in less hostile environments and are now believed to be more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria, although many details are still unknown.[24][25]
In 2010, based on "the vast array of molecular sequences now available from all domains of life,"[26] a formal test of universal common ancestry was published.[1] The formal test favored the existence of a universal common ancestor over a wide class of alternative hypotheses that included horizontal gene transfer. While the formal test overwhelmingly favored the existence of a single LUA, this does not imply that the LUA was ever alone. Instead, it was a member of the early microbial community.[1] Given that many other nucleotides are possible besides adenine (A), thymine (T, DNA only), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U, RNA only), it is extremely unlikely that organisms descendent from separate abiogenesis events (that is to say separate incidents where organic molecules initially came together to form cell-like structures) would be able to complete a horizontal gene transfer without garbling each other's genes, converting them into noncoding segments. Also, many more amino acids are chemically possible than the twenty found in modern protein molecules. These lines of chemical evidence, taken into account for the formal statistical test by Theobald (2010), point to a single cell having been the LUA in that, although it was a member of the early microbial community, only its descendents survived beyond the Paleoarchean Era.[citation needed] With a common framework in the AT/GC rule and the standard twenty amino acids, horizontal gene transfer would have been feasible and may have been very common later on among the progeny of that single cell.
In 1998, Carl Woese proposed (1) that no individual organism can be considered a LUA, and (2) that the genetic heritage of all modern organisms derived through horizontal gene transfer among an ancient community of organisms.[27] While the results described by the later papers Theobald (2010) and Saey (2010) demonstrate the existence of a single LUCA, the argument in Woese (1998) can still be applied to Ur-organisms. At the beginnings of life, ancestry was not as linear as it is today because the genetic code took time to evolve.[28] Before high fidelity replication, organisms could not be easily mapped on a phylogenetic tree. Not to be confused with the Ur-organism, however, the LUCA lived after the genetic code and at least some rudimentary early form of molecular proofreading had already evolved. It was not the very first cell, but rather, the one whose descendents survived beyond the very early stages of microbial evolution.
Location of the root[edit]
The most commonly accepted location of the root of the tree of life is between a monophyletic domain Bacteria and a clade formed by Archaea and Eukaryota of what is referred to as the "traditional tree of life" based on several molecular studies starting with C. Woese.[29] A very small minority of studies have concluded differently, namely that the root is in the Domain Bacteria, either in the phylum Firmicutes[30] or that the phylum Chloroflexi is basal to a clade with Archaea+Eukaryotes and the rest of Bacteria as proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith.[31] Research published in 2016, by William F. Martin, by genetically sequencing 6.1 million protein coding genes from sequenced prokaryotic genomes of various phylogenic trees, identified protein clusters from amongst 286,514 protein clusters, that were probably common to LUCA. The results "depict LUCA as anaerobic, CO2-fixing, H2-dependent with a Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, N2-fixing and thermophilic. LUCA's biochemistry was replete with FeS clusters and radicalreaction mechanisms. Its cofactors reveal dependence upon transition metals, flavins, S-adenosyl methionine, coenzyme A, ferredoxin, molybdopterin, corrins and selenium. Its genetic code required nucleoside modifications and S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylations." The results depict methanogenic clostria as a basal clade in the 355 phylogenies examined, and suggest that LUCA inhabited an anaerobic hydrothermal vent setting in a geochemically active environment rich in H2, CO2 and iron.[21]
See also[edit]
- Media related to Last universal ancestor at Wikimedia Commons
- ^ a b c Theobald DL (May 2010). "A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. 465 (7295): 219–22. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..219T. doi:10.1038/nature09014. PMID 20463738.
- ^ Doolittle WF (February 2000). "Uprooting the tree of life". Scientific American. 282 (2): 90–5. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. PMID 10710791.
- ^ Glansdorff N, Xu Y, Labedan B (2008). "The last universal common ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner". Biology Direct. 3: 29. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-29. PMC 2478661. PMID 18613974.
- ^ Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. (2013). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7: 25–8. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ Noffke N, Christian D, Wacey D, Hazen RM (December 2013). "Microbially induced sedimentary structures recording an ancient ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 billion-year-old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology. 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. PMC 3870916. PMID 24205812.
- ^ "Excite News - Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth". apnews.excite.com. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
- ^ Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnke, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; Mao, Wendy L. (2015-11-24). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (47): 14518–14521. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351. PMID 26483481.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (25 July 2016). "Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things". New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ Darwin, C. (1859), The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, John Murray, p. 490
- ^ Woese, C. R.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. L. (1990-06-01). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (12): 4576–4579. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.
- ^ Wächtershäuser, Günter (1998). "Towards a Reconstruction of Ancestral Genomes by Gene Cluster Alignment". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 21 (4): 473–4, IN1, 475–7. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(98)80058-1.
- ^ Gregory, Michael. "What is Life?". Clinton College.
- ^ Pace NR (January 2001). "The universal nature of biochemistry". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (3): 805–8. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98..805P. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.3.805. PMC 33372. PMID 11158550.
- ^ Wächtershäuser G (January 2003). "From pre-cells to Eukarya--a tale of two lipids". Molecular Microbiology. 47 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03267.x. PMID 12492850.
- ^ Garwood, Russell J. (2012). "Patterns In Palaeontology: The first 3 billion years of evolution". Palaeontology Online. 2 (11): 1–14. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
- ^ Marshall, Michael. "Life began with a planetary mega-organism". New Scientist.
- ^ Martin W, Russell MJ (October 2007). "On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 362 (1486): 1887–925. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1881. PMC 2442388. PMID 17255002.
- ^ Lane N, Allen JF, Martin W (April 2010). "How did LUCA make a living? Chemiosmosis in the origin of life". BioEssays. 32 (4): 271–80. doi:10.1002/bies.200900131. PMID 20108228.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (2016-07-25). "Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ^ a b "The physiology and habitat of the last universal common ancestor" by Madeline C. Weiss, FilipaL.Sousa, Natalia Mrnjavac, Sinje Neukirchen, Mayo Roettger, Shijulal Nelson-Sathi and William F. Martin (July 25, 2016) (Nature Microbiology 16116 | doi:10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.116
- ^ Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.
- ^ a b Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray, Albermarle Street. 1859. Pg. 484 and 490.
- ^ Xie Q, Wang Y, Lin J, Qin Y, Wang Y, Bu W (2012). "Potential key bases of ribosomal RNA to kingdom-specific spectra of antibiotic susceptibility and the possible archaeal origin of eukaryotes". PLoS ONE. 7 (1): e29468. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029468. PMC 3256160. PMID 22247777.
- ^ Yutin N, Makarova KS, Mekhedov SL, Wolf YI, Koonin EV (August 2008). "The deep archaeal roots of eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (8): 1619–30. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn108. PMC 2464739. PMID 18463089.
- ^ Steel M, Penny D (May 2010). "Origins of life: Common ancestry put to the test". Nature. 465 (7295): 168–9. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..168S. doi:10.1038/465168a. PMID 20463725.
- ^ Woese C (June 1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (12): 6854–9. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.6854W. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. PMC 22660. PMID 9618502.
- ^ Maynard Smith, John; Szathmáry, Eörs (1995). The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850294-X.[page needed]
- ^ Boone, David R.; Castenholz, Richard W.; Garrity, George M. (eds.). The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. ISBN 978-0-387-21609-6. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-21609-6[page needed]
- ^ Valas RE, Bourne PE (2011). "The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram-positive bacterium crossed the desert to become an archaeon". Biology Direct. 6: 16. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-6-16. PMC 3056875. PMID 21356104.
- ^ Cavalier-Smith T (2006). "Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses". Biology Direct. 1: 19. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-19. PMC 1586193. PMID 16834776.


text:
Definition of clothing in English:
Clothes collectively: an item of clothing [as modifier]: the clothing trade
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- By definition, an overcoat is a heavy coat worn over ordinary clothing in cold weather.
- Participants are advised to wear warm comfortable rainproof clothing and suitable footwear.
- They must fast from midnight prior to arrival and are advised to bring warm and waterproof clothing.
For editors and proofreaders
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Blakeney Dental has been my practice of choice for over 4 years now. They have always done an excellent job for both routine procedures and advanced dental work I have had completed there. Dr. Ghim takes his work very seriously to make sure it is done right and was very accommodating when I had an emergency situation lately. Also, his staff is always professional and courteous. Highly recommended.
Dr. Ghim is no longer associated with the Blakeney Dental Associate. It has new staff and doctors who are just as friendly and highly trained doctors.


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Discover a selection of top forums dronfields photographers on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums dronfields photographers and meet other fans of dronfields photographers. Then, why don't you create your own forum of dronfields photographers ?
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You can now easily put an SW award in your signature/posts like a smilie. Just look for the SW award tab after you tap on the smilie face.Dismiss Notice
ScrummyMummy25's Slimming World Diary
Discussion in 'Slimming World - Food Diaries' started by ScrummyMummy25, 24 March 2014 Social URL.
Page 1 of 4
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Hi, Scott, Can you explain more about this link? http://podsframework.org/forums/topic/relationship-fields-not-in-mysql-database/
I have similar requirement but I'm not a programmer
Hi, Scott, Can you explain more about this link? http://podsframework.org/forums/topic/relationship-fields-not-in-mysql-database/
I have similar requirement but I'm not a programmer
Can you explain what you'd like to know beyond what I sent as a reply to that topic?
First, what did you mean by "It's in pods/ui/input_fields.php"? I can't find any file with the name "input_fields.php" under ui. I have installed the helpers.
Second,"Then at top, use PHP to set $value = implode(',', $value)". You mean that I should put "$value = implode(',', $value)" at the top of "input_fields.php"?
Third, "adjust code to use in_array instead of the 'active' check", can you tell me where I do this and how? Do I need some codes?
Those previous notes were from references to Pods 1.x, they are incompatible with Pods 2.x
Is this a meta-based Post Type?
No, Scott, I use Pods table based type.
I think if the relationship fields can be inserted into database like a text field, my early question about how to display the right information of relationship field by "Codepress Admin Columns" can also be solved.
We've got some additional fixes in place for Codepress Admin Columns in Pods 2.3, there's no ETA on release yet, we're still deep in development of it.
The only way you can accomplish text-based relationships, results in relationships not functioning as normal. So your code will be entirely in-charge of outputting it the way you need and saving it. You'll need a combination of an input override and a pre-save action.
In Pods 2.3, there's a new filter:
pods_form_ui_field_{$type}_override which you can return true on if you want to override the field input. It's passed 6 variables:
false, $name, $value, $options, $pod, $id, once you return true, it will then run the action
pods_form_ui_field_{$type}, but you can always just output in the override filter itself (just remember to return true at the end).
For now, in Pods 2.2, you'll need to do one of the following:
For Custom Simple relationships, there's a filter you can apply to override the values that are used called
pods_form_ui_field_pick_custom_values, which is passed these 6 values:
$custom, $field[ 'name' ], $value, $options, $pod, 0
Scott, thank you very much for your patience.
Inserting relationship into database is very important for me not only because I want to show it at admin column accurately, but also because I hope I can output the complete records from MySQL. For now, the relationship field in database is missed.
I'm looking forward to Pods 2.3 but I appreciate it if you can tell me how to achieve this function in Pods 2.2 step by step by using Input helper or custom simple. Here is what I would like to achieve,
1. I have two table based custom types called "Type A" and "Type B".
2. "Type A" has a plain text custom field called "Field A" and "Type B" has a relationship field called "Field B". And "Field B" gets values from "Field A".
I want "Field B" to go on getting values from Field A automatically while inserting the selected value from Field A into database just as a text field.
If it involves in some codes, can you write it directly? For I know little about PHP and MY SQL.
You mention "Use a Relationship field, set it to Custom Simple for what it's related to, and you'll be able to set the values you want to define there", do you mean that I can add some variables to Custom Defined Options instead of concrete labels and values? If so, how should I do it? Can you give me some examples based on my requirement above?
This stackoverflow post talks about how to take over the values for relationship fields:
Unfortunately, for what you're wanting, that will require some PHP work. I've fixed some bugs I found during testing with CodePress Admin Columns and those are included with Pods 2.3, so that should resolve the main issue you're needing it to be stored in the table itself instead.
Thanks, Scott, I will ask my friends who understand the php better to help me. When PODs is going to be released by your estimation?
There is currently no ETA on Pods 2.3
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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This is SOOOOOOOO Great this stock goes up everyday!!!!!!! This will make all its Backers RICH!!I told all my friends about this and some are gonna buy today and they will tell people and so on. Soon this stock will be going up $10 a day Again, Thank You AMAZON for letting people share the Wealth!!
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Come on boys lets get with it your gonna miss the chance of a lifetime!!


text:
Arrington Hates the Netflix, Om Loves the Akimbo, What Do You Like?
Posted by John Biggs (@johnbiggs)
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Looks like slow news day at the world of Web 2.0 blogs. Yesterday Mike broke up with Netflix — it was calling me last night asking me what to do and I was all like "Dude, move on. He's just not into you."— and Om is now in love with Akimbo, the video-on-demand service. Which ones do you guys use/like?
- Overview Akimbo is a white label video solution. It includes an advertising system and "supports multiple business models including ad-supported, transactional, subscription, download-to-own, download-to-burn, pay-per-minute, gift cards and account credits."
- Location San Mateo, CA
- Categories Video on Demand, Personal Branding, Recruiting
- Website http://www.akimbo.com/
- Full profile for Akimbo
- Founded 1985
- Overview Blockbuster Inc. is a leading global provider of in-home movies and game entertainment, with more than 7,100 stores throughout the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia.
- Location Denver, CO
- Categories Media and Entertainment
- Website http://blockbuster.com
- Full profile for Blockbuster
- Founded 1997
- Overview Netflix is an online television network that is engaged in the internet delivery of TV shows and movies directly on TVs, computers, and mobile devices in the United States and internationally. It provides its services under three segments: international streaming, domestic streaming, and domestic DVD. The network enables members to access and view more than one billion hours of TV shows and movies …
- Location Los Gatos, CA
- Categories Digital Entertainment, Consumer Electronics, Video
- Website http://www.netflix.com
- Full profile for Netflix


text:
The question we might be asking ourselves is that, how important is which browser I choose, or do all browsers perform the same, what makes them different?
The Angry Birds franchise is going to get a major makeover as its Star Wars avatar will be here soon.
Myth says that Apple's (Nasdaq: AAPL) competitive advantage is Big Ideas, and that 100% of this advantage flows from CEO Steve Jobs. After this week, anyone who still believes that is at least part ostrich.
Mountain View, CA, December 15 -- Google has released their own URL shortener called "Goo.gl", and challenged the supremacy of "Bit.ly" in this field.
New York, December 9 -- An year after unveiling Chrome for Windows, Google has released the beta version of its Chrome browser for Mac OS X and Linux.
New York, August 29: Snow Leopard made its formal appearance Friday and went on sale at Apples retail stores and selected online retailers like Amazon.


text:
In Theaters This Week See all
Watch at Home This Week See all
David Lynch and Industrial Entertainment will release writer-director Werner Herzog's My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done, which played Venice, Telluride and Toronto, on December 11 at the IFC Center in New York. Other cities will follow.
Source: indieWIRE Herzog Times Two: My Son, My Son Opens December 11


text:
Keiston Breck Bailey - December 30, 2009
To Christopher and Jessica Bailey, on Friday, Dec. 18, 2009, a son, Keiston Breck, weighing seven pounds, seven ounces, and was 20-inches in length. He was welcomed home by a brother, Paxton Lee.
Maternal grandparents are Lee and Charlotte Carlson. Paternal grandparents are Merle and Becky Bailey of Lincoln.
Great-grandparents include Ruth Carlson of Gothenburg, Bill and Earline Weller and Arlen Stringfellow, all of San Diego, CA, and Burdette and Florence Larson of Minnesota.
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Open AccessThis article is
Notes: Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.
- freely available
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Molecules 2000, 5(6), 816-825; doi:10.3390/50600816
Synthesis of Sultam Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity. 15
1 National Research Center, Giza, Egypt 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 10 February 2000 / Accepted: 30 May 2000 / Published: 10 June 2000
Download PDF [53 KB, uploaded 18 June 2014]
Abstract4-(Trihydro-2H-1,2-thiazole-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (1), 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1`,2`-thiazine-1`,1`-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (2), and 4-(tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (6) were obtained from 4-aminobenzophenone and the appropriate reagents. Isomeric (E-) and (Z-) 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-4-(4-tetrahydro-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)phenyl-3-butenoic acids (11 and 12) and 2-carboxy-4(N-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-1-phenyl-6-(tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)naphthalene (16) were also synthesized.
Keywords: Sultam derivatives
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
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Doss, S.H.; Baghos, V.B.; Abdelhamid, A.O.; Halim, M.M. Synthesis of Sultam Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity. 15. Molecules 2000, 5, 816-825.View more citation formats
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Doss SH, Baghos VB, Abdelhamid AO, Halim MM. Synthesis of Sultam Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity. 15. Molecules. 2000; 5(6):816-825.Chicago/Turabian Style
Doss, S. H.; Baghos, V. B.; Abdelhamid, A. O.; Halim, M. M. 2000. "Synthesis of Sultam Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity. 15." Molecules 5, no. 6: 816-825.
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