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Via Princessa station
Via Princessa
|Metrolink commuter rail station
|19201 Via Princessa
Santa Clarita, CA 91351
|34°24′30″N 118°28′08″W / 34.40833°N 118.46889°WCoordinates: 34°24′30″N 118°28′08″W / 34.40833°N 118.46889°W
|Owned by
|City of Santa Clarita
|1 side platform
|City of Santa Clarita Transit: 1, 2
|395 "Park and Ride" lot spaces
|Bicycle facilities
|Lockers, Bikeway Connection
|Disabled access
Via Princessa is a Metrolink rail station located in the city of Santa Clarita, California. It is served by Metrolink's Antelope Valley Line from Los Angeles Union Station to Lancaster.
Prior to the Northridge earthquake in 1994 the Metrolink line terminated at the Santa Clarita station. Future plans to eventually extend the line north to the Antelope Valley were immediately expedited following the earthquake by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority in order to help relieve the traffic bottleneck caused by the collapse of the south-bound connector of State Route 14 onto the south-bound interstate 5 at the Newhall Pass interchange. The passenger platform and automobile parking lot for the Via Princessa station were constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in a matter of days following the earthquake. In October 2008 a permanent building containing public restrooms and an office for station security officers was constructed. This building replaced temporary facilities that had served the station since it was first established.
22 Metrolink trains now serve the station on weekday along with 12 more on Saturday and Sunday. Sunday service began in September 2007. Weekday Metrolink service runs primarily at peak hours in the peak direction of travel while weekend departures and arrivals are fairly evenly spaced throughout the day.
City of Santa Clarita Transit provides very limited direct local bus service to the station. The trips are timed to meet the trains, in the morning hours 5 trips from Canyon Country drop off passengers at the station and in the afternoon 4 trips to Canyon Country pick up passengers at the station. All passengers on the midday trains or going to the communities of Newhall and Friendly Valley must use the bus stops on Sierra Highway at Via Princessa, approximately 0.3 miles away.
Platforms and tracks[edit]
|Main track
|■ Antelope Valley Line
|toward Lancaster (Vincent Grade/Acton)
|■ Antelope Valley Line
|toward L.A. Union Station (Santa Clarita)
City of Santa Clarita Transit:
- Local: 1, 2
- Santa Clara River Trail- There is an entrance on Whites Canyon Road, approximately a 0.7 mile ride north of the station.
External links[edit]
|This California train station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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04.14 Rising Debt, Rising Skepticism on College?
Thursday, April 14th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
The New York Times reported that student loan debt outpaced credit card debt for the first time last year, and two-thirds of bachelors degree recipients graduated with debt in 2008, compared with fewer than half in 1993.
Public Agendas research has found the public is increasingly concerned about student debt, with nearly two-thirds saying students have to borrow too much money to pay for their college education. That increased 9 percentage points between 2000 and 2009.
But the debate about student debt occurs in a broader context for the public, a context of colliding trends. The number of Americans who say college is absolutely necessary for success has increased more than 20 points, from 31 percent as recently as 2000 to 55 percent. At the same time, theres been a corresponding drop in those who say the vast majority of qualified students have the opportunity to attend college, from 45 percent to 29 percent.
Its important to note that the public is still very optimistic about a couple of points. Six in 10 parents say its very likely their child will go to college. Also, 62 percent of the general public believes almost anyone can get financial help to go to college.
But another part of the publics reaction to these trends has been a growing skepticism about how colleges are run. Some 54 percent say colleges could spend less and still maintain a high quality of education. Six in 10 say colleges are mostly concerned about the bottom line.
Those trends and those doubts are going to put increasing pressure on colleges to make the most out of what theyve got.
04.13 Engaging College Faculty, in 10 Slides
Wednesday, April 13th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
Of course, there's also the full version, which you can find here in the first of our Cutting Edge series of working papers. This is all part of Public Agenda's work with Achieving the Dream: Community Colleges Count, where we've developed core principles and promising practices for engaging faculty in changing institutions and closing student achievement gaps.
04.07 Better Than Chicken: Getting the Public Engaged
Thursday, April 7th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
The blogosphere was buzzing this week over an experiment reported at a political science conference. A Utah researcher traveled door-to-door in the last election, offering two different pitches to go out and vote: a well-reasoned argument about democracy, or coupons for things like fried chicken. The coupons, perhaps not surprisingly, won.
At Public Agenda, we actually have evidence that the voting experience is better than fast food. But we also think the problems in our democracy go deeper than what happens on Election Day.
Certainly Americas low voter turnout is a longstanding problem, and troubling on a number of levels. When Public Agenda examined this in our Voting Experience Survey after the 2008 elections, we found that, despite concerns about long lines and problematic voting machines, actually going to the polls was a positive experience for most voters.
The vast majority of the voters we surveyed, 9 in 10, said they had a positive experience and that poll workers did a good job. Very few reported problems with long lines, technical problems or improper practices.
In fact, polling places got good marks compared to other places where people transact business in person. We didnt ask about chicken specifically, but when it comes to being very well-organized, polling places beat out fast-food franchises by a wide margin (79 percent to 35 percent). Polling places were essentially tied with banks, and ahead of other government agencies where people tend to wait in line, like the post office and the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Voting is often used as a yardstick for civic participation, and its important. But its also important to remember that the public needs to be engaged in ways beyond just voting. In between elections, were still making decisions as a society, and the public should be involved in those decisions, too. Were facing a series of difficult public problems that are made much more difficult because leaders and the public frame them in different ways, and cant reach across the divides in how they see them.
We go into elections with a public that isnt getting much help understanding the choices they face not the choices between candidates, necessarily, but the choices for actually solving the nations problems. We hear a lot more about personalities and character than options and tradeoffs. Character matters, clearly. But so does understanding the problems we face, and the options for dealing with them.
Its that challenge laying out the options in a way that people can understand, and helping people climb the learning curve they face that trips the nation up between elections, when the real governing happens. And thats not a problem that can be solved by voting people out of office. Or free chicken.
03.31 Connecting With the Public on Energy â But Which Public?
Thursday, March 31st, 2011 | Scott Bittle
Energy security is important to the public, and $100 per barrel oil and unrest in the Middle East shows theyre right to be concerned. But over the years weve had enormous difficulty moving from debate to decision on this topic. With another energy plan on the table, its worth revisiting how the public thinks about this problem.
When Public Agenda conducted its Energy Learning Curve survey, we included a cluster analysis, examining the data in terms of how people are grouped naturally based on knowledge and beliefs. On energy, we found the public divided into four groups: the Anxious (40 percent), the Greens (24 percent), the Disengaged (19 percent), and the Climate Change Doubters (17 percent).
Each of the four groups has a distinctive set of values, beliefs or concerns that shape how they approach the energy problem. The key point here is that if leaders are trying to build public support for an energy policy, understanding the publics motivations is critical. What motivates one group might leave another cold or even repel them. The environmental arguments that resonate with the Greens, for example, would turn off the Doubters.
But there are also opportunities. One of the most intriguing findings is that so many people reach similar conclusions from completely different starting points. For example, both the Anxious and the Greens support alternative energy, but for entirely different reasons. The Anxious are worried about the price and supply of energy, and believe bringing new energy sources on line will help. The Greens, naturally, back them because theyre concerned about global warming and pollution.
Change, particularly when youre dealing with a subject as complex as energy, requires knitting people with different concerns together. To help the public move up its learning curve on this issue, its fundamental to understand how people can see a problem through different lenses but still end up at the same place.
03.28 Video: Students and College Completion in Their Own Words
Monday, March 28th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
There's nothing more powerful than hearing people talk about their challenges in their own words -- and this video of students discussing the juggling act they face in trying to balance work, family and school is a great example.
The plenary session at the Achieving the Dream Strategy Institute in February featured a panel of students from Ivy Tech Community College and Santa Fe College, moderated by Public Agenda President Will Friedman. If you want to see how students meet this challenge -- one of the biggest when it comes to turning around the nation's college completion rate -- have a look at the video below:
Also, for statistics that back up the stories here, see the survey report, With Their Whole Lives Head of Them (below).
Download the PDF
03.24 Scaling the Summit on College Completion
Thursday, March 24th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
One is faculty. Engaging faculty -- both full-time and adjunctsin this effort is essential, in fact its difficult to see how we can solve this problem without them. Yet lots of institutions still find this kind of engagement difficult to pull off. Faculty members often enter the debate with very different concerns than, say college presidents or financial officers. In partnership with Achieving the Dream, weve developed core principles and promising practices for engaging faculty in changing institutions and closing student achievement gaps. You can find our first Cutting Edge Series paper on this here.
The other is young people themselves. In surveys of young people weve conducted for the Gates Foundation, weve found that people who dont complete college tell an unexpected story, one thats very different from a lot of the common perceptions. Most of them are paying their own way through school, and get relatively little help from the guidance system as they do it.
More than anything else, these young people are students under pressure: school pressure, work pressure, and family pressure. And when that pressure gets to be too much, its school that usually gets sacrificed. Thats why when we asked these young people what would help, they point to ideas that would give them more flexibility and ease the juggling act they find so difficult.
If were going to make a real difference in this problem, we need to make sure the challenges students face are front-and-center and that the faculty members on the front line are full partners in meeting them.
03.21 A Different Take on How the Public Thinks about the Economy, Budget
Monday, March 21st, 2011 | Scott Bittle
At the Consumer Federation of Americas annual assembly last week, research director Jon Rochkind talked about The Great Divide, focusing on one of the major concerns of those who are struggling economically: higher education. (You can see it in Powerpoint or PDF format).
In our Slip-Sliding Away report, we found four in 10 Americans say theyre struggling a lot financially in the wake of the Great Recession. Most of the debate among policymakers and the media is about the short-term issues: how do we create jobs, how do we spur business. Yet while the economically struggling say theyre having trouble with short-term issues like paying their rent or mortgage, when asked what would help the most, their top choice was something quite different: making higher education more affordable.
Previous Public Agenda research shows that the publics belief that a college education is necessary to get ahead is rising, even as theyre more and more worried that its financially out of reach. And weve also found the biggest factor keeping students from finishing college isnt so much paying tuition, but the need to juggle work, school and family obligations.
The other presentation, You Cant Get There From Here, (also in Powerpoint and PDF) is on another challenge: the federal deficit and national debt. Policymakers often throw up their hands at surveys that show the public with conflicting and even contradictory views on our fiscal problems.
But in our presentation at the Human Face of the Fiscal Crisis session sponsored by the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, we argue those gaps can be bridged with a better understanding of how the public thinks about complicated issues.
The public has a Learning Curve on problems, from initial consciousness raising to working through the alternatives and finally to resolution. When public opinion surveys show conflicting results, its usually because the public is still learning about a problem, and still figuring out what they want to do about it. And too often, the debate among policymakers and experts is too wonky to work, leaving the public behind.
The public can grapple with complicated issues, but they need a little help: a few key facts, viable options, and a focus on priorities. (You can find out more about ways to actually give people that help in Toward Wiser Public Judgment, the new book by Public Agenda co-founder Dan Yankelovich and our president, Will Friedman).
Much of the budget debate is focused on brokering a deal in Washington but the real challenge for policymakers on the deficit is whether they can make a deal that holds up both inside and outside the Beltway. Unless they do that, whatever deal that gets set wont survive.
03.18 Energy: When the Answer is Always No
Friday, March 18th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
Yet the debate over nuclear safety and our energy options has been reopened very understandably, even if the lessons of Fukushima Daiichi arent clear yet.
One key thing about our energy policy is clear, however: as a nation, were much better at saying no than saying yes. In many respects, the United States seems to be waiting for an easy answer, when the truth is that all forms of energy have risks and trade-offs.
Thanks to the BP spill, the answer may be no to more offshore drilling. The Japanese nuclear crisis may mean we say no to more nuclear power. Residents often object to all kinds of energy projects, whether theyre power plants, wind farms or transmission lines. A cap-and-trade system, which would encourage renewable energy like wind and solar, is off the table in Congress.
But we cannot solve our energy problems without saying yes to something. Global demand for energy is expected to increase 40 percent over the next two decades, even as the world tries to avoid permanent climate change. We need both more energy and cleaner energy, and we need to start making choices about how were going to get them. Perhaps the most damning projection of all is the Energy Departments estimate that we get 80 percent of our energy from fossil fuels and in 25 years well still be getting 80 percent of our energy from fossil fuels, unless things change.
We need to engage the public with what our energy options actually are. Every form of energy has drawbacks, and every option has tradeoffs some of which the public may want to make, and some they wont. This is an issue that calls for public choicework the process of having citizens weigh the pros and cons of different approaches with the acknowledgement that there is no perfect, cost-free solution. Without that, well just keep saying no, until its too late to say yes to anything.
03.04 Open Government, Healthier Communities?
Friday, March 4th, 2011 | Scott Bittle
In an intriguing study of three cities (San Jose, Philadelphia and Macon, Ga.,) the Pew Internet and American Life project found that people who believe their local government is open with them are more likely to feel good about the state of their community overall. In fact, they're more likely to feel empowered, and those who feel more empowered are more likely to be civically active, Pew concluded.
The conclusions make sense on many levels. Certainly, you can't have an engaged public without an open government. People don't engage with a cipher, or rush out to offer their services to a brick wall.
But it's important not to fall into one of the most common misconceptions about public opinion that more information, all by itself, will help the public make better decisions.
In their book Toward Wiser Public Judgment, Public Agenda's Dan Yankelovich and Will Friedman argue this is one of the most common mistakes in the policy world. "The media often treat people as if they were attentive experts who can take in reams of data, rather than inattentive citizens with busy lives who are more interested in the values underlying policy choices and the practical consequences of action," they write.
The public has a "Learning Curve" on complicated problems, and while a lack of information can derail it, so can lots of other things: a lack of practical choices, mistrust, denial, or just a lack of urgency about the problem. All those things can get in the way even when there's plenty of information available.
Understanding the publics learning curve is critical because a sense of empowerment is not really the critical problem in todays public square. As the authors point out, one of the challenges about our political discourse is that too often intensity of conviction [acts] as a substitute for sound judgment. The recent calls for a less violent and more civil and constructive public debate in the wake of the Arizona shootings are a direct reflection on this.
Yes, people need information. In the 21st century, there's no reason and frankly, no excuse for governments to drag their feet when it comes to being more open about their operations with citizens. But the public also need a way to sort that information out and make sense out of it. The "put it out there and let people figure it out" strategy is a good startas the Pew research shows. But its only a part of what citizens need in order to solve problems and isn't going to do the job by itself. Stronger, more engaged communities come about through more and better information, yes, but they also require richer opportunities for real dialogue, deliberation and participation.
03.03 How Teachers See Their Unions
Thursday, March 3rd, 2011 | Scott Bittle
The ferocity of the fight over public employee unions, and teachers unions in particular, has reached a fever pitch as governors and labor groups square off over tight budgets, layoffs and bargaining rights in multiple states. The fight has serious implications for education reform, and some argue for the status of teachers.
Several national surveys have shown public opposition to cutting collective bargaining rights, but also support for reducing public employee benefits. But what about teachers themselves? How do they see unions?
When we last examined this in our
Supporting Teacher Talent survey with Learning Point Associates, we found that eight in 10 teachers said "without collective bargaining, the working conditions and salaries of teachers would be much worse." And 51 percent of teachers "strongly" agreed with this.
But a lot of teachers' views about unions weren't purely economic they also see the union as protection against other problems they face. Eight in 10 said teachers facing unfair charges from parents or students would have nowhere to turn without the union, and just as many said that teachers would be vulnerable to "school politics or administrators who abuse their power." In both cases, about half of teachers "strongly agreed," a significant indication of how intensely they feel about this.
But there was criticism of unions as well, with two-thirds of teachers saying the union "sometimes fights to protect teachers who really should be out of the classroom." About 22 percent said they "strongly agreed."
Across the board, there was a split between younger and older teachers, with "Generation Y" teachers less likely to "strongly agree" on the benefits of unions but also somewhat less likely to agree that the union protects problem teachers.

subset: commoncrawl


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Skip to comments.How a Catholic priest gave us the Big Bang Theory
Posted on 12/29/2007 8:50:01 AM PST by Alex Murphy
The history of cosmology the study of the Universe for the last five hundred years is often portrayed as a clash between science on the one hand, and the cold hand of religious dogma on the other.
Part of this is rooted in fact the Catholic Church of the Counter-Reformation for instance was suspicious of intellectual innovation and experiment, with its harsher elements longing for the certainties of the age before Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. The desire to make the Universe fit into a pre-ordained and orderly scheme that needed no correction reached its infamous, idiotic height as the Dominican Order and the Inquisition persecuted Galileo for his accurate insistence that the Earth orbited the Sun. Galileo's fate at the hands of Pope Urban VIII was not inevitable - but for various historical contingencies, the Church might have not have set its face against him. But this is far from the only episode of a reactionary Church choosing to block knowledge and progress instead of contributing towards it.
Yet the relationship between the Church and science has not always been so bad. And if we wanted an example of an alternative model of co-operation rather than antagonism, we could take as an example the most famous theory in cosmology today the Big Bang Theory, whose surprising origins lie with a Catholic priest toiling away in a Catholic University in Belgium.
I once attended a youth club in Colchester, a town in England where I grew up as a teenager. Run by fundamentalist evangelicals (generous, kind people incidentally), who are rare in Britain, the night's activities of five-a-side football, cricket or pool would come only after some kind of Bible-reading or an unsuccessful attempt at debunking the Theory of Evolution, which was a particular bugbear of theirs.
One night, a local volunteer was explaining why the Big Bang Theory was obviously nonsense with a cutesy, homely analogy "If you blow up a pile of bricks, you dont get a building, its stupid." In your face, Stephen Hawking!
He didnt know why scientists might have come up with the idea of the Big Bang, except perhaps as a sneaky rationalisation for undermining Christianity. He wasnt even clear as to why he thought it posed a theological problem for Christians in the first place, though he is not alone in thinking that it does.
The irony is extraordinary - aside from being uninformed about the Theory itself, fundamentalists are usually unaware of its religious origins, and the fact that the Big Bang Theory successfully replaced a theory much less compatible with Christian ideas about the beginning of time - the Steady State Theory.
The groundwork for the Big Bang Theory was laid in the early twentieth century by the paradigm-crunching work of Edwin Hubble (as in Hubble telescope) and Albert Einstein.
Einsteins crucial contribution was part of the fallout of his work on gravity in Switzerland around the time of the First World War. By showing that gravity was a curve in space-time caused by the distorting impact of matter, the implication was that in a Universe where everything stayed in one place, gravity would gradually draw all matter together in an almighty collision. This meant that, contrary to the prevailing view of contemporary cosmologists, the Universe could not be static - it had to be either expanding or contracting.
Einstein didnt much like this implication and was wedded to the notion of an unchanging Universe that had always existed. So he assumed there must be a problem with his theory, and compensated for it in his equations by inventing an artificial cosmological constant while he tried to figure out what was going on.
And on the other side of the Atlantic, from 1919 and through the 20s, Edwin Hubble was busy spending all night, night after night, making minor adjustments to the 100-inch Hooker Telescope on Mount Wilson, then the largest in the world. By photographing some of the most distant objects in view he resolved an earlier debate and demonstrated conclusively that the Universe, far from consisting of a single galaxy ours, the Milky Way actually contained a huge number of galaxies, each consisting of billions of stars. Our collective view of the Universe had to be adjusted as people realised it was a billion times larger than previously thought.
In addition to discovering these galaxies, Hubble also discovered something significant about them. Just as the pitch of a siren on an emergency vehicle changes as it drives past us - because the length of the sound waves change as they become more distant according to the Doppler effect - so too the light from distant objects can tell us whether they are moving closer or drifting away. Together with Milton L. Humason, Hubble showed that the galaxies were moving further away from us part of what is today called Hubbles Law concerning the light emitted by moving galaxies. The conclusion Hubble had to draw was that the Universe was expanding, and everything in it was on the move.
But, unknown to either of them, Hubble was actually beaten to the basic idea of Hubbles Law by a Belgian priest, Fr. Georges Lemaitre. Lemaitre trained as a Jesuit priest, served in the Belgian Army during the remorseless slaughter of World War One, and then became a student of astronomy and mathematics. He studied in Cambridge in England, then in Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Harvard Observatory and finally the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Returning to Belgium in 1925, where he worked at the Catholic University of Leuven as a part-time lecturer, his big break came two years later in 1927 when he proposed his theory of an expanding Universe to explain the movement of the galaxies, published in the Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels.
Lemaitre was still pretty hazy about how the process of expansion could have begun. Like many scientists, he was still committed to the idea of a static Universe of unchanging size, so he proposed that it might have begun like this but then started to expand. Since his ideas were not getting very much attention, he decided to arrange a meeting with Einstein at the Solvay Conference in Brussels in October 1927.
Einstein, though interested, was largely dismissive, telling Lemaitre that, "Your calculations are good, but your physics is terrible". Einstein was also a little suspicious of the religious implications of these ideas. He declined to describe himself as an atheist (or a theist, or a pantheist) and liked to use the vocabulary of religion, most famously in his misguided rejection of much of quantum physics, "God does not play dice!" But his complex and shifting view of God was of something impersonal behind fixed laws that governed the Universe, partly influenced by the 17th century philosopher Spinoza.
Einstein had previously dismissed the work of Russian mathematician, Alexander Friedman, who had proposed an expanding universe as an abstract mathematical solution to his equations in 1922. Einstein offered Lemaitre some suggestions for further investigations but left unconvinced.
Lemaitres old teacher, the British astronomer Arthur Eddington, was more encouraging and published a commentary on his 1927 paper in English in 1930, describing it as a brilliant solution to some of the outstanding problems astronomers faced. In 1931, Lemaitre was invited to London by the British Association to discuss cosmology and spirituality. There he described his new solution that the Universe had begun from a tiny and incredibly dense singularity containing all its existing matter. This he called 'the primeval atom' or a "Cosmic Egg exploding at the moment of the creation".
The Primeval Atom theory was born (or Cosmic Egg theory if you like). It wouldnt be known as the Big Bang Theory until the British physicist, Fred Hoyle, did a radio series in 1949 in which he attempted to debunk it. He failed to change many peoples minds by then, but he did give it a better name.
Neither Eddington nor Einstein were persuaded by this idea as Stephen Hawking, perhaps the worlds most famous living astrophysicist, has said, "few people [meaning scientists] took the idea of the beginning of the Universe seriously". But Lemaitre was a passionate and persuasive man, and he was gaining a wider audience as he began to travel the US. He decided to surprise Hubble and Einstein by turning up to meet them both unexpectedly in 1931 and push his idea again. This time he won them over, demonstrating how their work led to his conclusion. It was a dramatic event Hawking has said that, "The basis of modern cosmology was established at this meeting. Looking back I can recognise this as the foundations for my own work". Einstein regarded his initial rejection of an expanding Universe as the "biggest blunder of my life".
The Big Bang did not gain easy acceptance. Like any dramatic new concept in science, it had to be tested against the evidence and alternative hypotheses. Opponents adopted the Steady State theory of the Universe which proposed that the Universe stayed fundamentally the same over time. Since the galaxies were clearly moving apart from each other, the theory suggested that new galaxies must be constantly formed somewhere in the Universe and propelled outwards. But Steady State theorists could not explain where many of the chemical elements we see in the Universe could have been formed, if not in the extreme conditions of the Big Bang. They also struggled to explain where the hydrogen fuel to create these elements was being formed in the Universe, and why there was so much helium in the cosmos the leftovers of hydrogen fusion. But the Big Bang Theory could answer that hydrogen was created in gigantic quantities in the original explosion, and the helium was part of the aftermath. The jury came back in and a new consensus was formed.
The existence of God, of course, is not settled by the truth of the Big Bang Theory, nor should religion rest its case on any scientific theory. But what can be said is that the Big Bang fits surprisingly well with the religious idea that the Universe had a distinct beginning, willed by a Creator. Betraying some bemusement, the astrophysicist Robert Jastrow put it like this:
"For the scientist the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled the mountains of ignorance; he is about to conquer the highest peak; as he pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who have been there for centuries."
In reality, both the scientists and the theologians are still busy hauling themselves over the mountains of ignorance. Hopefully, they will help each other out.
Sadly, we hear little of Lemaitre today. Arguably, the way the evidence was pointing in the late 1920s, someone else might have come up with the same idea, taking up where Hubble, Friedman and Einstein left off. But the fact remains that one of the best known of all modern scientific theories was his. In his own lifetime, his achievement was recognised. He received the Francqui Prize in Belgium, the highest honour for a scientist in the country, with Einstein and Eddington among his proposers and judges respectively. The Vatican chose him to be a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 (founded that year), where he worked and taught until becoming its president in 1960.
The Pontifical Academy of Sciences had its origins in an institution called the Academy of Lynxes (so-called because of the lynxs keen eyesight), founded in 1603 under Pope Clement VIII by an Italian prince, Federico Cesi. The first president of that institution had been Galileo an unfortunate reminder of what might have been, but for the Inquisition.
Pope John XXIII appointed Lemaitre, to his surprise, to lead the Second Vatican Councils commission on birth control. His commission was the first ever to appoint lay people and women and to undertake a sociological investigation of the lives of Catholic families to help come to a truly fair and grounded decision. Lemaitre died before the commission completed its report it famously recommended acceptance of the use of birth control and contraception, a view rejected by a minority report and Pope Paul VI.
Just before Lemaitre died in 1966, he learned of the first discovery of 'cosmic background radiation' the predicted fallout from the Big Bang, and further confirmation of his theory.
It surprises me then, that many Christians still find the idea of the Big Bang problematic. They might instead try and take the credit for it and - why not? - get on with doing some science themselves.
Some Notes on Sources
Stephen Hawking's quoted statements were made in the 1997 PBS series, 'Stephen Hawking's Universe'
Robert Jastrow's quote is cited in 'Finding Darwin's God' by the Catholic biologist Kenneth Miller which is strongly recommended to readers interested in the debate over the compatibility of religion and contemporary science.
Einstein's complex views on religion, often simplified in polemics, are explored in Walter Isaacson's new biography, a summary of which he wrote here:
Interesting read.
Catholicism had had a bad rap when it comes to science. Genetics was discovered by Catholic monks in the 12th century (I think, it may have been the 13th century). How Christianity has gotten this slam dunk that it is against science while building the most modern countries in the world is beyond me.
Just love the observation.
Interesting read.
How Galileo Brought His Troubles with the Church on Himself
By Wil Milan
If you ask people what Galileo Galilei is famous for, most will say that he invented the telescope, used it to prove the earth goes around the sun, and that the Catholic Church condemned him for his discoveries. That much is common knowledge, no?
In fact, none of those things is true.
Galileo did not invent the telescope. When and where the telescope was invented is not certain, but what is certain is that in 1609 Galileo heard about the new invention and made one for himself. Soon he turned it on the heavens, and it was at that moment that his destiny turned to fame.
Every night brought new discoveries. He discovered that the Milky Way is not a soft band of light but a cloud of millions and millions of stars, that the moon is covered with craters, that Venus has phases like the moon, even that the sun has spots on its face. (Looking at the sun through a telescope is probably what doomed Galileo to blindness later in his life.) Excited beyond measure by his discoveries, Galileo in 1610 published a little book, Siderius Nuncius (The Starry Messenger), detailing his discoveries.
The Starry Messenger made Galileo an overnight celebrity, and his discoveries did not go unnoticed by officials of the Catholic Church, many of whom were scholarly individuals with an interest in the sciences. Some of the leading cardinals of the Church were fellow members of the scientific society to which Galileo belonged and took great interest and pride in the discoveries of their most famous member.
The Church also lauded Galileo publicly. He had a friendly audience with Pope Paul V, and in 1611 the Jesuit Roman College held a day of ceremonies to honor Galileo. When in 1614 a Dominican monk criticized Galileo from the pulpit, the leader of the Dominicans reprimanded the monk and apologized to Galileo on behalf of the entire order.
What did get Galileo into a bit of hot water with the Church was a conclusion he drew from one of his telescopic discoveries: He discovered that Jupiter has four moons that orbit around it just as the moon does the earth. He was fascinated by this, and from this and from observing the phases of Venus (which indicated that Venus orbits the sun, not the earth) he concluded that the earth goes around the sun (a view known as heliocentrism), not the sun around the earth (known as geocentrism).
Today Galileo's conclusion seems obvious. But it was not obvious at the time, and the truth is that Galileo was jumping to conclusions unsupported by the facts. The fact that four moons orbit Jupiter does not in any way prove that the earth goes around the sun and neither does the fact that Venus shows phases as it orbits the sun.
A popular theory at the time (known as the Tychoan theory after Tycho Brahe, the famous Danish astronomer who had formulated it) proposed that all the planets orbit the sun, and the sun with its retinue of planets then orbits the earth. This theory explained Galileo's observations quite well, and many pointed that out to Galileo. But Galileo insisted that what he had found was proof of the earth orbiting the sun. He eventually turned out to be right, but what he had at the time was not proof.
It was that lack of proof, along with his own abrasive personality, that precipitated his troubles with the Church. Galileo was known for his arrogant manner, and during his career there were a great number of people whom he had slighted, insulted, or in some way made into enemies. In 1615 some of them saw a chance to get back at Galileo by accusing him of heresy for his assertion that heliocentrism was proven fact. And so it was that the Church was prompted to inquire whether Galileo was holding views contrary to Scripture.
It must be pointed out that at the time the Church did not have an official position on whether the sun goes around the earth or vice versa. Though geocentrism was the prevailing view, both views were widely held, and it was a matter of frequent debate among the science-minded.
Indeed, most of the resistance to heliocentrism came not from the Church but from the universities. Within the Church some believed heliocentrism to be contrary to the Bible, others believed it was not. In fact, Galileo had wide support within the Church, and Jesuit astronomers were among the first to confirm his discoveries.
So when Galileo was accused of statements contrary to Scripture, the matter was referred to Cardinal Robert Bellarmine, the Church's Master of Controversial Questions (quite a title, isn't it?). After careful study of the matter and of Galileo's evidence, Cardinal Bellarmine-who was later canonized and made a doctor of the Church-concluded that Galileo had not contradicted Scripture. But he did admonish Galileo not to teach that the earth moves around the sun unless he could prove it. Not an unreasonable admonition, really, but it had the effect of muzzling Galileo on the matter, because by then he realized he really did not have proof, though he still thought he was right.
And so it was that Galileo chafed under the cardinal's admonition for most of a decade, until in 1623 the luckiest event in his life occurred: Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, a member of Galileo's scientific society and a great fan of Galileo, became Pope Urban VIII.
This was Galileo's dream come true: a pope who was learned in the sciences, who had not only read all of Galileo's works but was a friend and admirer as well. Galileo was soon summoned to Rome for an audience with the Pope to discuss the latest in astronomy, and Galileo took the opportunity to ask the Pope for his blessing to write a book about the motions of the solar system.
Pope Urban VIII readily agreed to Galileo's request, with one condition: The book must present a balanced view of both heliocentrism and geocentrism. The Pope also asked Galileo to mention the Pope's personal view of the matter, which was that bodies in the heavens perhaps move in ways that are not understood on earth (not an unreasonable view at the time). Galileo agreed, and set forth to write his book.
Had Galileo written his book as promised there would have been no problem. But as he had many times before, Galileo was bent not only on arguing his case but on humiliating those who disagreed with him, and he wrote a book far different from what he had promised.
As was common at the time, he wrote the book in the form of a discussion among three men: one a proponent of heliocentrism, one a proponent of geocentrism, and an interested bystander. Unfortunately, the "dialogue" was one-sided-Galileo portrayed the proponent of heliocentrism as witty, intelligent, and well-informed, with the bystander often persuaded by him, while the proponent of geocentrism (whom Galileo named "Simplicius") was portrayed as slow-witted, often caught in his own errors, and something of a dolt. This was hardly a balanced presentation of views.
But Galileo's greatest mistake was his final twisting of the knife: He fulfilled his promise to mention the Pope's view of the matter, but he did so by putting the Pope's words in the mouth of the dim-witted Simplicius. This was no subtle jab-the Pope's views were well-known, and everyone immediately realized that it was a pointed insult. This was too much for the Pope to bear. He was furious, and Galileo was summoned to Rome to explain himself.
This time things did not go well for Galileo. He was charged with a number of offenses, and though he was not imprisoned or tortured, he was shown the implements of torture. Galileo, by then an old man, was terrified, and agreed to something of a plea bargain: In return for publicly recanting his heliocentric view, he was allowed to return home with a sentence of permanent house arrest. He lived out his remaining years in his home, eventually going blind. Curiously, it was during his years of house arrest that he wrote his finest work, a book dealing with motion and inertia that is a cornerstone of modern physics.
It's interesting to note that during all of Galileo's conflicts with the Church, other astronomers, including the equally famous Johannes Kepler, were openly writing and teaching heliocentrism. Kepler even worked out and published the equations that describe the orbits of the planets about the sun. Yet he never had the problems Galileo did, in part because he had less to do with the Catholic Church but also because he did not have Galileo's biting arrogance.
So it was that Galileo's spiteful manner, his knack for turning even his best friends into enemies, repeatedly got him in trouble. His accomplishments cannot be overstated-Galileo is truly one of the giants of science-but in recounting his famous run-in with the Church, it's also important to remember that the root of his problems were not his scientific views but his own unbridled arrogance.
Wil Milan is an astrophotographer based in Arizona.Though he is not a Catholic, he takes great interest in the history of astronomy. Some of his work can be seen on the World Wide Web at www.astrophotographer.com
Shh... you'll just confuse them with the facts.
John Farrell has written a little book about Lemaitre.
Freep-mail me to get on or off my pro-life and Catholic Ping List:
Please ping me to all note-worthy Pro-Life or Catholic threads, or other threads of interest.
yeah, and telling them a Catholic priest came up with it is all the convincing they need.
Like Donald Trump's hair?
The University ran the mail service, which is only right since everybody who could write and read either worked for the university or the church or the king and the king had his own couriers.
No. But within the ordered universe, in this anomaly known as time, order is set temporarily on its ear. Within some easily observable bounds, that is.
A fitting assignment for the guy who came up with the Big Bang Theory.
One interesting historical tidbit----when Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic church, and disbanded the monasteries, it turned out that he single-handedly delayed the start of the industrial revolution by almost 200 years. Historical research has discovered that a group of Catholic artisan-monks were "that close" to developing a process for making steel in large quantities. When their monastery was confiscated, their technology was lost.
Now trhis is interesting!!!
Guillermo Gonzales & Jay W Richards, The Privileged Planet: How Our Place In The Cosmos Is Designed For Discovery
Obviously the church had too much power at that time. They should have confined their matters to those of preaching the Gospel instead of terrorizing old scientists. Galileo did what scientists did/should do and that is postulate theories. This allows all scientists to prove or disprove to their hearts content until consensus happens. For any church or church leader to imprison or threaten with torture or house arrest any person with a dissenting view only gives atheists and Satan ammunition.
Satan's ammunition is lies and falsehoods. Those found in your understanding of Galileo for example.
As I understand it, Galileo posited his theories as fact, asserting what could not at the time be proven -- sort of like the Global Warming cabal. His theory about the tides being controlled by the sun didn't work out as well as the other . . .
So you say. Your mind is blinded by the repetitive propaganda you've been taught. So, four years later you hunt me down to lay this chestnut on me. Go bother someone else.
I can immediately see the problem here with these three words. Of course you believe it impossible for your church to revise and sugarcoat history so as not to show them in a bad light, so there's not much point in us conversing any more on this, is there? Again, fours later (rolling eyes).
Hunt you down? Wow.
This thread was linked to by a current one, I didn't notice the date.
If, since then, you've corrected the falsehood, I apologize. And my post was unnecessary.
You can't just let it rest, can you? The church persecuted an old balding scientist that disagreed with them. Put him under house arrest. The man was a genius in his times, unlike the arrogant bully church who was,not infallible, but WRONG. I don't care what you or your church thinks. I'm shaking the (proverbial)dust from my keyboard and leave you to your errors. There can be no good come from any further discussion.
Rather than repeat popular secular bosh, you could study the matter a bit more.
A good place to start would be with the idea that Galileo was punished for holding a theory that you seem to think the Church disagreed with. Specifically, heliocentric cosmology. The first to develop this theory, however was not Galileo but Copernicus decades earlier.
Copernicus was not eager to publish, for fear of criticism - religious and otherwise - but the Pope heard of it, and in 1536, Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg, Archbishop of Capua, wrote to Copernicus from Rome:
Some years ago word reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high regard for you... For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated a new cosmology. In it you maintain that the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place in the universe... Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have that is relevant to this subject ...Copernicus subsequently did publish and dedicated his masterpiece to Pope Paul III.
Thus is exposed the lie that "The church persecuted an old balding scientist that disagreed with them."
The real history is much more involved than the farce accepted by materialists and atheists. If you look further, you can find more than secular myths in the story of science and the Church.
Bingo. His observations were as well explained by heliocentricity as the were by the Tychoan theory. It was not until later that heliocentricity moved from theory to fact - based on the science.
Can you believe these papists? years later they just can't let go of their delusion that God wants a church to beat up, harass and imprison a leading scientist for his views that is absolutely correct. They just don't get it. Where is THAT message in the teachings of Jesus? They have everything about as backwards as it gets and only get shriller if you try to point out the truth that it is NOT any churchs mission to terrorize and imprison the elderly. No matter what their views. I've asked them to let me be, but . . . they listen to that as much as plain facts . . . which is to say not at all.
The obviously didn't "beat up" Copernicus which is why you want to ignore the FACT that your whole line of trash is based on a lie.
So you think they just stopped at terrorizing and imprisoning him? Is that what you believe? and the Inquisition was just a hayride and ice cream social.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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2016-2017 Student Guide
The MiraCosta College Student Guide lists classes for an entire academic year. For specific course details, such as instructor names and class locations, visit SURF.
Summer 2016
Fall 2016
Spring 2017
Course offerings are subject to change. Check SURF for the most up-to-date information.
Summer / Fall 2016 Continuing Education Schedule
Fall 2016 Community Education Bulletin


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The True Willy Wonka Test
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By Tony Romm - 04/28/10 08:40 PM EDT
Top Facebook officials on Wednesday admitted Sen. Chuck SchumerCharles SchumerTrump was wrong: Kaine is a liberal in a moderate's clothing Trump poised to betray primary supporters on immigration Rubio primary challenger loans campaign M MORE had aired "absolutely legitimate questions and concerns" during a recent meeting about the site's features that share user data with select websites and advertisers.
However, representatives from the 400-million strong social network later stressed that negative reaction to those new tools on Capitol Hill differed markedly from the opinion of "the vast majority of users," who Facebook said, "appreciate these innovations."
"And candidly, the fact that users... consistently spend more time on Facebook and related services makes us feel like what we're doing is working in the right direction," Schrage added.
A group of Senate Democrats, led by Schumer (N.Y.), have hammered Facebook this week for instituting two new features that they say undermines users' privacy. The first, "instant personalization," allows select websites to cull a user's profile information, unless those users later decline to participate. Another, the Open Graph API, permits sites or applications to draw details from Facebook pages to be used in special ads or targeted offers.
The changes, which Schumer discovered through his daughter, prompted the New York Democrat to ask the Federal Trade Commission to issue guidelines on social network privacy. And it moved three other Senate Democrats -- Sens. Mark BegichMark BegichRyan's victory trumps justice reform opponents There is great responsibility being in the minority Senate GOP deeply concerned over Trump effect MORE (Alaska), Al FrankenAl FrankenLiberal hypocrisy on the free exchange of ideas Winners and losers of the Dem convention Party unity overcomes chaos...and the Bernie-or-Bust crowd MORE (D-Minn.) and Michael BennetMichael BennetThe Trail 2016: The Battle for Blue Poll: Grassley, Bennet holding off challengers in Iowa, Colorado McAuliffe: I wouldn't want a 'caretaker' in Kaine's Senate seat MORE (D-Colo.) -- to join Schumer in petitioning Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on Tuesday to explain the size and scope of Facebook's new information-sharing tools.
Facebook executives met with Schumer's aides today to discuss the privacy implications and concerns.
Facebook's Schrage on Wednesday described his social network's new features as "really just the latest in a long history of innovations," adding that other changes to the site -- including Facebook's decision to permit access to high school students -- also triggered social and political criticism.
Still, Schrage said Facebook executives met with Schumer's staff and had a "productive conversation," a meeting during which the senator's team aired "underlying points" that Facebook felt "were absolutely legitimate..."
"We share the goal of user trust, the importance of innovation on the Internet, and how innovation can create better experiences for users," spokesman Andrew Noyes elaborated after the call.
"The senator's staff raised a number of questions that we promised to explore and respond to going forward," he said. "We appreciate their thoughts and look forward to their assistance in helping make sure users understand the controls they have over their information and what happens with information they share."
As that debate unfolds, FTC officials signaled this week they would heed Schumer's request and explore whether there had sufficient statutory authority to issue general social network guidelines. Sensing that, Schrage on Wednesday said Facebook is already working with the commission on matters of social network privacy.
"We've been in contact with the FTC regularly," he said. "We work pretty closely with
them to identify best practices for dealing with these issues."


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The decision whether to hire or promote a particular job candidate is no small matter for employers, particularly in a climate where there are often numerous applicants for limited positions. To assist in this decision-making process, many employers obtain and analyze an applicant's background information, such as financial or criminal history. It is essential, however, that employers comply with a variety of applicable local, state, and federal laws when procuring such background information. On the federal front, employers now have a handy guide summarizing the important considerations related to background checks titled "Background Checks: What Employers Need to Know" ("Guidance"), which was jointly published by the two agencies that are charged with enforcing laws related to employment-related background checks—the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") and the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC").[1] (The EEOC and FTC also published a companion guide on the same topic for job applicants and employees titled "Background Checks: What Job Applicants and Employees Should Know."[2])
Gathering Background Information
When gathering background information, the Guidance notes that employers must remember the following:
Treat all employees (or applicants, as the case may be) equally when deciding whether to gather background information. You cannot ask only a certain protected group of individuals (for example, those of a particular race) about their criminal and/or credit background, and not ask others.
Except in "rare circumstances," do not try to get an applicant's or employee's genetic information, which includes family medical history, and, if such information is known, do not use it when making employment decisions.
Do not ask any medical questions before a conditional job offer has been made. If the person has already started the job, do not ask medical questions unless you have objective evidence that he or she is unable to do the job or poses a safety risk because of a medical condition.
Inform the applicant or employee (in writing and in a stand-alone document not within the application) that you might use the information for decisions about his or her employment.
Inform applicants or employees if you are asking a company to provide an "investigative report"—a report based on personal interviews concerning a person's character, general reputation, personal characteristics, and lifestyle—and also tell the applicant or employee that he or she has a right to a description of the nature and scope of the investigation.
Get the applicant's or employee's written permission to do the background check.
Certify to the company from which you are getting the report that you: (i) notified the applicant and got his or her permission to get a background report; (ii) complied with all of the FCRA requirements; and (iii) won't discriminate against the applicant or employee or otherwise misuse the information in violation of federal or state equal opportunity laws or regulations.
Using Background Information
After you have obtained the background information of an applicant or employee, the Guidance advises you to do the following when using that information to make employment decisions:
Apply the same standards to everyone, regardless of their race, national origin, color, sex, religion, disability, genetic information (including family medical history), or age (40 or older), because any background information that you receive from any source must not be used to discriminate in violation of federal law.
Avoid using a policy or practice that excludes people with certain criminal records if the policy or practice significantly disadvantages individuals of a particular race, national origin, or another protected characteristic, and does not accurately predict who will be a responsible, reliable, or safe employee.
Do not simply reject an applicant because of problems revealed during a background check that were caused by a disability. Instead, allow the person to demonstrate his or her ability to do the job—despite the negative background information—unless doing so would cause significant financial or operational difficulty.
Before taking the adverse employment action, give the applicant or employee a notice that includes a copy of the consumer report that you relied on to make your decision and a copy of "A Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act," which you should have received from the company that sold the report. This notice allows the person an opportunity to review the report and explain any negative information.
After taking an adverse employment action, tell the applicant or employee (orally, in writing, or electronically):
that he or she was rejected because of information in the report;
the name, address, and phone number of the company that sold the report;
that the company selling the report didn't make the hiring decision and can't give specific reasons for it; and
that he or she has a right to dispute the accuracy or completeness of the report and get an additional free report from the reporting company within 60 days.
that he or she was rejected because of information in the report;
the name, address, and phone number of the company that sold the report;
that the company selling the report didn't make the hiring decision and can't give specific reasons for it; and
that he or she has a right to dispute the accuracy or completeness of the report and get an additional free report from the reporting company within 60 days.
Disposing of Background Information
The EEOC and FTC also enforce rules regarding disposal of background information, as follows:
What Employers Should Do Now
[1] In addition to the FTC, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau also provides oversight over the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
[2] It is also important for employers to consider state and local laws governing background checks (e.g., state and local "ban the box" laws that prohibit employers from including questions about criminal history on employment applications), since they may restrict whether and when an employer can ask about certain background information in ways that federal law does not.
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Epstein Becker Green
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Two forensic engineers were hired to offer their opinions on the alleged failure of a hair dryer. Both motions to exclude their testimony were denied.
Slip, Trip & Fall Expert Witness Testimony Affirmed By Ninth Circuit
Appeals court affirms opinion of the district court excluding the expert opinion hired by plaintiffs. Continue reading
Maritime Expert Witness Testimony Partially Allowed
Maritime expert witness testimony opining on causation of a dam allision was challenged by the United States of America. The court denied and allowed parts of the testimony
Court Denies Daubert Motion Challenging Psychologist Expert Witness
Defendants' challenge the expert witness testimony of psychologist based on reliability and relevancy. The court denied the motion.
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Defendants' appealed RICO convictions on numerous grounds, one of which was a challenge to the district court's decision to allow expert witness testimony of gang expert witnesses. The appeals court confirmed the opinion of the district court.
Daubert Shorts – Recent Opinions on Motions to Exclude Expert Witness Testimony
- SEC v. Revelation Capital Mgmt., Ltd – United States District Court – Southern District of New York – July 8th, 2016 – This case involves a short sale of securities. The plaintiff (SEC) claims that the defendant (Revelation) violated Rule 105 of Regulation M which prohibits a person from purchasing securities after making a short sale prior to the pricing of the securities in a firm commitment offering. Both parties hired securities expert witnesses (Guy Erb for SEC and Dennis Dumas for Revelation) to assist in proving their case and both filed motions to exclude the testimony of these witnesses. Revelation argued that Erb was not qualified, his testimony was not reliable, and his testimony was unfairly prejudicial. The SEC argued that Dumas's testimony was not relevant. The court denied Revelation's motion and granted SEC's motion.
- Epic Sys. Corp. v. Attachmate Corp – United States District Court – Western District of Wisconsin – July 8th, 2016 – This case involves the unauthorized use of software. The plaintiff (Epic) filed suit against defendant (Attachment) for aiding in unauthorized use of certain parts of their software. Attachment has filed a motion to exclude the testimony of Richard Bero (business valuation expert witness), stating that Bero's testimony is irrelevant, not grounded in credible evidence, and come to impermissible legal conclusions. The court opined that Bero's expert testimony is admissible.
- Jamison et al v. Depositors Insurance Company – United States District Court – District of Nebraska – July 5th, 2016 – This is an insurance coverage dispute. The plaintiffs (Jamisons) are seeking declaratory relief to determine their rights under an insurance policy issued by the defendant (Depositors). Depositors has filed a motion to exclude the expert witness testimony of Steve Hudson (industrial hygienist & mold expert witness) arguing that the testimony is not relevant or reliable. First, they claim that Hudson's opinion that he cannot know when mold growth began would not assist the trier of fact. Second, they state that Hudson did not disclose reliable principles or methods to back up his opinions. The judge disagreed, stating that Depositors misunderstood Hudson's opinions regarding the mold growth and that he can rely on personal experience and a review of the literature to form his opinions. Thus, the court denied Depositor's motion to exclude Hudson's testimony.
Expert Witnesses Allowed in Liver Cancer Medical Malpractice Action
The defendant's challenge of two expert witnesses were denied. Judge finds testimony of witnesses are qualified, relevant, and reliable.
Wisconsin Appeals Court Reverses Exclusion of Experts' Testimony in Medical Malpractice Action
Circuit court excluded witness testimony of four experts related to injuries caused to a baby during birth. Court of Appeals reversed the opinion and remanded for further proceedings.
Georgia Supreme Court Reverses Lower Court's Opinion Admitting Pathology Expert Witness Testimony
Court reverses lower court opinion (affirmed by the Court of Appeals) allowing the causation expert witness testimony of Dr. Jerrold Abraham. Spaca argued that expert's cumulative exposure theory dis not fit the legal standard of causation. The Supreme Court agreed.
Industrial Psychologists and Workplace Injury
Bob Rose and Robyn Porterfield
Workplace injury is a serious problem with many costs including the cost of well-being and even loss or life. The causes and prevention of injury is a complex issue with many factors including adequately functioning machines safety equipment and so on.
Interestingly many of the factors relating to workplace injury can be addressed by Industrial Psychologists (also called IO psychologists). IO psychologists are trained to address the human factors at work. Examples will be useful.


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Are We the Right School for You?
At Orpheus Academy of Music in Austin you will experience a musical learning environment that is nurturing and professional with the highest artistic standards. Our teachers are dedicated to learning about your personal musical goals and helping you achieve them. As you are researching which music school is best for you, please consider the wide variety of programs at Orpheus, including guitar classes, piano classes, violin classes, singing and voice lessons, and summer music camps for children of all ages. Also consider if our unique approach will work for you. We understand that we are not the right school for everyone in Austin and therefore we take the time to interview each potential student to ensure that their music lesson experience is both joyful and helps them reach their highest potential.
Featured Instructor: Ian Tuski, Guitar
Master of Music, Guitar Performance
Classical guitarist Ian Tuski has concertized as a soloist and chamber musician throughout the United States, Italy, Spain and Puerto Rico. Recent performances have taken him to the University of Puerto Rico, the New England Guitar Society as well as the El CaminoArte Classical Guitar Festival in Carrion de los Condes, Spain where he was an artist in residence. His performances have been broadcast live on Spanish National TV and have featured in the Spanish television show "Pueblos del Dios."
A committed educator, Ian has previously founded classical guitar programs in the New Haven Public Schools as well as the guitar program at the Morse Summer Music Academy, a free summer music program for New Haven Public School students at Yale University. For his efforts he recently received a service award from the Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Service. He also directed the All City Honors Guitar Ensemble in New Haven, CT.
Ian has been a prize winner at numerous international guitar competitions including 1st Place at the Classical Minds Competition and 2nd Place at the Appalachian GuitarFest and Competition. He is currently pursuing his Doctoral of Musical Arts degree at the University of Texas at Austin under the guidance of renowned guitarist Adam Holzman. He also holds a Master of Music Degree from Yale University where he studied with Benjamin Verdery and was awarded the Eliot Fisk Prize. Other private instructors include John Wunsch at the Interlochen Arts Academy and Rene Izquierdo at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
What makes lessons at Orpheus different from traditional lessons?
The most qualified music faculty in Austin
Making music fun and giving you the tools to express yourself begins with great music teachers. Guitar Lessons in Austin may be available through various tutorial providers, but because Orpheus has developed an international reputation for excellence and innovation, teachers apply to teach for us from around the country every week. We study videos of their teaching, review their references and conduct multiple interviews to ensure that your child will be able to enjoy making music right from the start. We have eighteen music teachers for you to choose from, including five guitar teachers, six piano teachers, three violin teachers, three singing teachers and a drums/percussion teacher (most of whom moved to Austin explicitly to teach for us) with at least a Masters degree in music and hundreds of hours of educational training beyond their degree. Why have our teachers gone to such lengths to study the art of teaching? Because they are passionate about teaching excellence. Our teachers have warm personalities, are extremely friendly and dedicated to teaching you in a way that will foster a love of music and lifelong musical skills. Read More>
Five Surprising Things Every Parent Should Know About Music Lessons.
Private lessons on piano, guitar, violin, and voice at Orpheus Academy of Music are taught in a way that meets the needs of each student, whether age 4 or 95! Children and adults alike enjoy the fun and innovative teaching that comes with working with some of the most qualified music teachers in Austin. In group classes children experience an interactive place to make music with friends while learning music history, theory and performance skills. Our unique approach to teaching guitar to young people has been a model that has become popular among tutors providing guitar lessons, Austin and is now used around the country.
Music lessons on any instrument consists of a combination of singing, movement and visuals that help a student become more musical very quickly while maintaining a sense of fun and excitement. The guitar students at our music school become highly skilled musicians by playing the music they love, learning the best technique, how to play music by ear and how to read music and improvise. Our piano students benefit from a musical approach often referred to as "Sound to Symbol" in which they sing, move, and visualize every musical note before they play it.
We realize you have a choice between several different music schools for guitar, piano, violin, drums or voice. All music studios are not the same. We constantly renovate and improve our facilities and provide ongoing training to our staff to ensure we are always providing our students and parents with the best lesson experience possible. We have the finest pianos in each room and even keep a registered piano tuner on salary to tune our thirteen beautiful pianos once every two weeks. Not only do high-quality, in-tune pianos help us attract the best music teachers, but they also have a profound affect on the development of young musician's ears and that is why we invest in providing the finest musical instruments available.
A great first experience in music lessons will give a music student of any age or level the confidence to pursue music for a lifetime.
There are several different music schools in Austin to choose from. We invite you to compare all of the features and options to see why our school has been the right choice for so many music students. Our unique style of teaching guitar lessons, in Austin helps us connect to the community that is the Live Music Capital of the World. But the primary thing that makes lessons at Orpheus special is the quality of the teachers. For each of our Guitar, Piano or Violin teachers we watched videos from dozens of teachers from around the country before even beginning the interview process. Read More>
Orpheus Academy of Music Mission Statement
It is the mission of Orpheus Academy of Music to provide the finest music education available. It is our belief that a great learning environment is only possible when certain conditions are met:
- Each student is treated with respect for their unique, individual talents and learning styles.
- That the whole musician is nurtured and developed through a wide variety of engaging and inspiring experiences.
- That the student is drawn to music in a joyful and enthusiastic manner.
If you are ready to sign up for guitar, piano, violin or voice lessons at Orpheus Academy of Music in Austin, TX please give us a call at (512) 231-8999 or send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Thank you for making music with us!
Klondike Steadman and Wendy Kuo, Directors
Articles on Music Education from our Director
- An alternative to the power struggle with your child.
- Are Online Music Lessons a Better Value than Taking from a Live Teacher.
- Does Technology Enhance a Music Lesson
- Getting the most out of guitar lessons for your child
- How do I choose the right music camp for my kids


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Anushka Shetty to star in Dabangg Tamil version
Reports say that the makers of Dabangg remake had initial thought of roping in Bollywood actress for the female lead role in the film. They also considered a few Bollywood actresses. But now sources say that they have changed their mind and have zeroed in on Anushka Shetty for the leading lady in the film.
Silambarasan will star in the Tamil version of Dabangg. He will be seen in the role of a cop. Mohan Apparao and T Ramesh have acquired the remake rights of the film. Other details about the film are under wraps.


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Diana Elizabeth RS-W1 Review: My Favorite Camera Strap
Jan 31, 2011The lovely Diana Elizabeth of Diana Elizabeth Photography reviews the Women's (RS-W1) Strap:
See her full review here: www.dianaelizabethblog.comContinue reading...
Casie Shimansky: the RS-W1 is "the cheese to my macaroni"
Jan 31, 2011Casie Shimansky of Rebel Belle Photography reviews the Women's (RS-W1) R-Strap.
"I am SUPER — I mean, SUPER — excited that you are here. Right now. Today. In this very moment because I have something SO spectacular to share with you that I have just been jumping over the moon with excitement for over a week now…"/blockquote>Continue reading...
RS-W1 featured in the UK's Black+White Photography magazine
Jan 19, 2011
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Quick Pork Stew With Peppers and Tomatoes
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 40 mins
This is a pretty, quick and tasty stew. I like to serve it over egg noodles and topped with parmesan cheese. If I'm in the mood for spicy and smokey, I add one or two finely chopped chipotles with some of the adobo sauce when I add the tomatoes.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 lbs boneless pork loin, cut into 1 inch pieces
- 2 teaspoons kosher salt
- 1 teaspoon pepper, freshly ground
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 medium onion, chopped
- 2 large bell peppers, red and yellow if you can find them, cut into one half inch squares
- 4 garlic cloves, chopped
- 1 (28 ounce) can whole tomatoes, hand squeezed and juices retained
- 2 tablespoons fresh basil, chopped
- 2 tablespoons fresh parsley, chopped
- Trim fat from pork and season with salt and pepper.
- Heat olive oil in a heavy bottomed pot over medium high heat.
- Add the pork and cook for about 3 minutes, turning until browned on all sides.
- Reduce the heat to medium, add the onion and peppers and cook for about 5 minutes, or until onions have softened.
- Add the garlic after the onions and peppers have cooked for 2 minutes.
- Stir in the tomatoes and bring to a boil.
- Reduce heat to low, cover and simmer for 30 minutes.
- Taste it once simmering and adjust the salt and pepper to suite you taste.
- Add the chopped basil and parsley, stir once and serve.
- Note: If using dried basil and parsley, add to the pot when you add the tomatoes.
- Enjoy!
Most Helpful
This wonderful dish was our dinner last night. I found a pretty package of pork stew meat in the grocery store this week and this was the recipe I chose from the search. The dish was absolutely beautiful. The sauce was a little thin, so I simply added about 3/4 cup uncooked pasta right at the end and simmered this until the pasta was done. Made a beautiful presentation with the red tomatoes and green and yellow bell peppers. Sorry about not having a picture.....camera broke following a sudden stop by the floor.
This was the best! I had a big pack of pork chops in the freezer that I needed to use and I'm not big on pork chops normally but I found this recipe and had to try it. I deboned the chops and cut into 1 inch pieces. We did simmer it longer (we got busy with other things) but it was sooo good! Thanks for posting! I will def. be making this again!


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Skip to comments.vanity. Neighbor's chicken is in my house. neighbors ain't home. help! (Update @ 80)
Posted on 11/08/2013 6:24:05 PM PST by dynachrome
Neighbor's chicken escaped. I caught it. Now what?
cook it !!
there might be more of 'em out in the bushes. I will try to capture them if possible.
Choke it.
Fried chicken comes to mind.
How long are the neighbors going to be gone?
Clean, defeather and fry.
If it's nighttime, they'll be looking for roosting spots. They have severe night blindness and may seek high places to roost.
just add dumplins...
Winner winner chicken dinner!
Boil a hot pot of water. When boiling cut the chickens head off-a teachable moment for kids. When the chicken stops running dip it in the boiling water. L ast, pull the feathers off(pluck them). Fresh meat.
kill it and eat it!
grab it by the head, swing it in a big circle until the body flies off and runs around.
pluck, gut, cut, season and fry
Look at it as an opportunity to finally determine if it really tastes like chicken!
Immersing in boiling water helps in the plucking process ...
Ask yourself, what would Colonel Sanders do?
is this penthouse forum
Growing up my brother raised rabbits. So did his buddy 3 blocks down the street. One summer morning his buddys rabbit showed up looking for some nookie. Dad took one look at it and invited the guest for dinner.
For some added fun, think up some Burma Shave type jingles:
If your chicken
has been naughty,
will make him potty.
Just wait for your neighbor I suppose. Not sure how worried I would get over others that might have escaped. I'm no expert on them, but I would guess they won't go too far, and can survive the elements for a night.
One thing I do know though.
Using a feather is sexy.
Using the whole d&*" chicken is disgusting!
You're soooooo bad. Funny, but bad. ROFLMAO !!
Hmmmmm Chicken ......
Feed it Alka-Selzer, post video
dunno. They were gone when I got home from work.
I ain't having it for supper. i was promised some of the eggs!
I once had a tomcat that brought me a gift of the neighbors pet prairiechicken, and he didn't hurt the bird at all. Amazing really. It was very docile.
I had to carry it and throw it back to the neighbors house of course.
Winner, winner, chicken dinner!!!! LMAOOOOOO!
Rooster or hen? (with regard to "friendly") Rooster, don't even think of turning your back.
Do you have any bird seed or squirrel mix? I don't think you should feed it rice. It might swell up & make it sick. We used to feed baby chicks oatmeal, but not too much cause it can give them the runs.
And do you have a wildlife rescue where you are? They'd be the best people to give you advice.
I'll Freepmail you the 24 hr hotline to the one NW of San Antonio if that'll help.
It's not a toll call.
Squeeze some Jack Daniels in an eye needle and feed the chicken first.
Thanks. There are numerous trees, So we may go hunting 'em if the neighbors are coming back tonite.
Some say it is an urbane legion but I heard , well read that if you feed a chicken rice they will explode. I saw the typo spell check error but it is dinner time and I don't have enough white out because I have a 21" monitor.
When I had a chicken show up at my house she came with a stray cat. They hung out together.
Once had a tom that brought us bull frogs. Daddy would throw them in the fridge to hybernate. Then.......frog legs. ;-)
Sorry, typo. Hibernate.
Hens. The neighbors said roosters were too much trouble.
Small one of some sort.
"Seems friendly. Fed it some rice."
Is it single? Are you?
Winner winner chicken dinner!
Remain calm. She is probably more afraid of you than you are of her. Just don't make any sudden movements and beware the pecker.
I drive past this every time I go through Marsing on my way somewhere else (usually Reno-Tahoe area).
Chicken and rice...YUM that's nice!
Open your door, shove the chicken out ... plead ignorance. If the chicken doesn't come home to roost (Yea, I said that), they will get another.
Fried Chicken! Yum!
I think this is the funniest thread I've ever seen.
It was some sort of soup mix I fed it. rice, lentils oats. it didn't eat much, but I figure it'll survive 'til morning. Dam' thing actually banged on the screen door or pecked it. I heard the noise and found it on the porch.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Ground game against Bulls could benefit offense
September 12, 2015 Five things to look for as Penn State tries to bounce back — and calm down a very frustrated fan base — in today's home opener against Buffalo. No. more »»
Paterno faced crossroads early in his career, too
September 12, 2015 Joe Paterno often looked back at key moments in his Hall of Fame career and pointed to the second game of his second season as the major turning poin. more »»
Temple upsets PSU for first time in 74 years
September 6, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — It's not just that Penn State lost its opener to Temple, which was bad enough. more »»
Stunningly, Lions stink up the Linc
September 6, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — Houston, we have a problem. more »»
Penn State-Temple notebook
September 6, 2015 LB Wartman-White lost for season PHILADELPHIA — It was supposed to be a special homecoming game for Nyeem Wartman-White, a Philadelphia native, but it turned out to be a very disappointing day for... more »»
Temple-PSU highlights, lowlights
September 6, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — Following are the highlights and lowlights from Penn State's 27-10 loss to Temple on Saturday at Lincoln Financial Field: Play of the game: Christian Hackenberg was intercepted by... more »»
Once-lowly Temple savors historic victory
September 6, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — Impressive upstart victories aren't overly rare for coach Matt Rhule's Temple football team. But victories over Penn State, however, are the rarest of wins. more »»
Once-lowly Temple savors historic victory
September 6, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — Impressive upstart victories aren't overly rare for coach Matt Rhule's Temple football team. But victories over Penn State, however, are the rarest of wins. more »»
Penn State-Temple scoring summary
September 6, 2015 FIRST QUARTER Penn State 3, Temple 0: True freshman receiver Brandon Polk took an end-around for 33 yards on the Lions' first play from scrimmage, moving to the Temple 38. more »»
Line, accuracy key to victory
September 5, 2015 PHILADELPHIA — Five things to look for as Penn State opens the season at Temple, which hasn't beaten the Nittany Lions since 1941. No. more »»
PSU endures disastrous offensive day in loss to Temple
September 5, 2015 PHILADELPHIA -- Quarterback Christian Hackenberg was sacked 10 times, and the Penn State offense fizzled after jumping out to a quick 10-point lead Saturday against Temple. more »»
Improving offensive line remains a top priority
April 19, 2015 UNIVERSITY PARK — There were a few surprises in Saturday's Blue-White Game, but it came as no surprise that Penn State's defense clearly is ahead of the offense at the conclusion of spring drills. more »»
Blue-White highlights, lowlights
April 19, 2015 UNIVERSITY PARK — Following are the highlights and lowlights from the Blue's 17-7 win over the White on Saturday at Beaver Stadium: Play of the game: Freshman Nick Scott electrified the crowd in the... more »»
Lynch ready for big role
April 19, 2015 UNIVERSITY PARK — Akeel Lynch waited his turn for three years, and everyone in the Penn State camp agrees that the redshirt junior running back is poised for a big season this fall. more »»
Good vibes among O-linemen
April 18, 2015 By Cory Giger cgiger@altoonamirror. more »»
Brown wins title in final seconds
March 22, 2015 ST. LOUIS — Who knew that Matt Brown had such a highly developed and highly relevant sense of humor. more »»
Brown has shot at title; Schopp an All-American
March 21, 2015 By Andy Elder For the Mirror ST. LOUIS — Penn State will return home with five All-Americans and, potentially, one national champion. Tyrone grad A.J. Schopp of Edinboro is an All-American once again. more »»
Hoops du Jour
March 12, 2015 Penn State men vs. Iowa Second round, Big Ten Tournament Tipoff: 2:30 p.m., United Center, Chicago Records: Penn State (17-15, No. 13 seed); Iowa (21-10, 12-6, No. more »»
Terps go into tourney on a roll
March 10, 2015 The Associated Press With seven straight wins, Big Ten runner-up Maryland is the hottest team heading into this week's conference tournament in Chicago. more »»
Newbill ends Lions' skid
March 9, 2015 By Dave Campbell The Associated Press MINNEAPOLIS — Penn State put the ball in D.J. Newbill's hands and let the Big Ten's leading scorer go to work. more »»


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Currently viewing the tag: "Securities and Exchange Commission"
The Rise of Real Estate Crowdinvesting
On October 9, 2014 By Christopher Borns October 9, 2014
The use of crowdfunding has provided a welcome boost to the sluggish economy of recent years. Crowdfunding, according to Merriam-Webster, is "the practice of soliciting financial contributions from a large number of people[,] especially from the online community." Crowdfunding campaigns, thus, do not focus on soliciting one or two major [...]Continue Reading →
Trouble for Qualcomm in China and the U.S.
On October 1, 2014 By Peiyuan Guo October 1, 2014
Qualcomm, a leading wireless communications chip supplier worldwide, has emerged a winner with Apple's iPhone 6 models. A tear-down analysis by iFixit revealed five Qualcomm chips in the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. However, the good news may be offset by Qualcomm's lingering antitrust probe in its Chinese LTE smartphone market. Last [...]Continue Reading →
Guest Post: Harnessing the Power of Fans in Sports Franchise Ownership through Crowdfunding
On April 18, 2014 By Brenan Salgado April 18, 2014
It's very common, at one time or another, for the average sports fan to feel like he can run his favorite team better than the club's owner or manager. What happens though when many such fans, who spend [...]Continue Reading →
Mark Cuban Mocks SEC
On October 27, 2010 By Michael Quinlan October 26, 2010
Money is not really an issue for Mark Cuban. As the outspoken, self-made billionaire owner of the Dallas Mavericks, Cuban has been fined a staggering $2 million by NBA Commissioner David Stern over the years. Whether he is fined for criticizing NBA refs via his Twitter-feed, criticizing NBA refs during a post-game [...]Continue Reading →
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