text:
Dosage Form: tablet, film coated
Lactic Acidosis and Severe Hepatomegaly: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination, including Lamivudine tablets. Suspend treatment if clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Exacerbations of Hepatitis B Upon Discontinuation of Lamivudine Tablets: Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients who have discontinued anti-hepatitis B therapy (including Lamivudine tablets). Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who discontinue anti-hepatitis B therapy. If appropriate, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Risk of HIV-1 Resistance if Lamivudine Tablets Are Used in Patients with Unrecognized or Untreated HIV-1 Infection: Lamivudine tablets are not approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection because the Lamivudine dosage in Lamivudine tablets is subtherapeutic and monotherapy is inappropriate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 resistance may emerge in chronic hepatitis B-infected patients with unrecognized or untreated HIV-1 infection. Counseling and testing should be offered to all patients before beginning treatment with Lamivudine tablets and periodically during treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Indications and Usage for Lamivudine
Lamivudine tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation [see Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)].
The following points should be considered when initiating therapy with Lamivudine tablets:
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- Due to high rates of resistance development in treated patients, initiation of treatment with Lamivudine tablets should only be considered when the use of an alternative antiviral agent with a higher genetic barrier to resistance is not available or appropriate.
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- Lamivudine tablets have not been evaluated in patients co-infected with HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis delta virus.
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- Lamivudine tablets have not been evaluated in liver transplant recipients or in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with decompensated liver disease.
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- Lamivudine tablets have not been evaluated in pediatric patients younger than 2 years of age with chronic HBV infection.
Lamivudine Dosage and Administration
HIV Counseling and Testing
HIV counseling and testing should be offered to all patients before beginning treatment with Lamivudine tablets and periodically during treatment because of the risk of emergence of resistant-HIV-1 and limitation of treatment options if Lamivudine tablets are prescribed to treat chronic hepatitis B infection in a patient who has unrecognized HIV-1 infection or acquires HIV-1 infection during treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Dosage in Adult Patients
The recommended oral dosage of Lamivudine tablets is 100 mg once daily.
Dosage in Pediatric Patients
The recommended oral dosage of Lamivudine tablets for pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years is 3 mg per kg once daily up to a maximum daily dosage of 100 mg. The oral solution formulation should be prescribed for patients requiring a dosage less than 100 mg or if unable to swallow tablets.
Dosage Adjustment in Adult Patients With Renal Impairment
Dosage recommendations for adult patients with reduced renal function are provided in Table 1 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Creatinine Clearance
Recommended Dosage of Lamivudine Tablets
≥ 50
100 mg once daily
30 to 49
100 mg first dose, then 50 mg once daily
15 to 29
100 mg first dose, then 25 mg once daily
5 to 14
35 mg first dose, then 15 mg once daily
< 5
35 mg first dose, then 10 mg once daily
Following correction of the dosage for renal impairment, no additional dosage modification of Lamivudine tablets is required after routine (4-hour) hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
There are insufficient data to recommend a specific dosage of Lamivudine tablets in pediatric patients with renal impairment.
Important Administration Instructions
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- Lamivudine tablets may be administered with or without food.
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- The tablets and oral solution may be used interchangeably [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
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- The oral solution should be used for doses less than 100 mg.
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- Lamivudine tablets should not be used with other medications that contain Lamivudine or medications that contain emtricitabine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Assessing Patients During Treatment
Patients should be monitored regularly during treatment by a physician experienced in the management of chronic hepatitis B. During treatment, combinations of such events such as return of persistently elevated ALT, increasing levels of HBV DNA over time after an initial decline below assay limit, progression of clinical signs or symptoms of hepatic disease, and/or worsening of hepatic necroinflammatory findings may be considered as potentially reflecting loss of therapeutic response. Such observations should be taken into consideration when determining the advisability of continuing therapy with Lamivudine tablets.
The optimal duration of treatment, the durability of HBeAg seroconversions occurring during treatment, and the relationship between treatment response and long-term outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma or decompensated cirrhosis are not known.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Lamivudine Tablets, USP are available containing 100 mg of Lamivudine, USP.
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- The 100 mg tablets are peach, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and LN4 on the other side.
Lamivudine tablets are contraindicated in patients who have experienced a previous hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to Lamivudine or to any component of the tablets or oral solution.
Warnings and Precautions
Lactic Acidosis and Severe Hepatomegaly With Steatosis
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination, including Lamivudine tablets and other antiretrovirals. A majority of these cases have been in women. Obesity and prolonged nucleoside exposure may be risk factors. Most of these reports have described patients receiving nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV infection, but there have been reports of lactic acidosis in patients receiving Lamivudine for hepatitis B. Particular caution should be exercised when administering Lamivudine tablets to any patient with known risk factors for liver disease; however, cases have also been reported in patients with no known risk factors. Treatment with Lamivudine tablets should be suspended in any patient who develops clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity (which may include hepatomegaly and steatosis even in the absence of marked transaminase elevations).
Exacerbation of Hepatitis After Discontinuation of Treatment
Clinical and laboratory evidence of exacerbations of hepatitis have occurred after discontinuation of Lamivudine tablets (these have been primarily detected by serum ALT elevations, in addition to the re-emergence of HBV DNA commonly observed after stopping treatment; see Table 4 for more information regarding frequency of posttreatment ALT elevations) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Although most events appear to have been self-limited, fatalities have been reported in some cases. The causal relationship of hepatitis exacerbation after discontinuation of Lamivudine tablets has not been clearly established. Patients should be closely monitored with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months after stopping treatment with Lamivudine tablets. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether re-initiation of Lamivudine tablets alters the course of posttreatment exacerbations of hepatitis.
Risk of HIV-1 Resistance if Lamivudine Tablets Are Used in Patients With Unrecognized or Untreated HIV-1 Infection
Lamivudine tablets contain a lower Lamivudine dose than the Lamivudine dose in the following drugs used to treat HIV-1 infection:
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- EPIVIR® tablets and oral solution,
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- COMBIVIR® (Lamivudine/zidovudine) tablets,
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- EPZICOM® (abacavir sulfate and Lamivudine) tablets, and
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- TRIZIVIR® (abacavir, Lamivudine, and zidovudine) tablets.
The formulation and dosage of Lamivudine in Lamivudine tablets are not approved for patients co-infected with HBV and HIV. If a decision is made to administer Lamivudine to such patients, the higher dosage indicated for HIV therapy should be used as part of an appropriate combination regimen, and the prescribing information for EPIVIR, COMBIVIR, EPZICOM, or TRIZIVIR, as well as for Lamivudine tablets, should be consulted. HIV counseling and testing should be offered to all patients before beginning Lamivudine tablets and periodically during treatment because of the risk of rapid emergence of resistant HIV and limitation of treatment options if Lamivudine tablets are prescribed to treat chronic hepatitis B in a patient who has unrecognized or untreated HIV-1 infection or acquires HIV-1 infection during treatment.
Coadministration With Other Medications Containing Lamivudine or Emtricitabine
Do not coadminister Lamivudine tablets with other Lamivudine-containing products including EPIVIR (Lamivudine), COMBIVIR (Lamivudine/zidovudine), EPZICOM (abacavir/Lamivudine), or TRIZIVIR (abacavir/Lamivudine/zidovudine).
Do not coadminister Lamivudine tablets with emtricitabine-containing products including ATRIPLA® (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), COMPLERA® (rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), EMTRIVA® (emtricitabine), STRIBILD® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), or TRUVADA® (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate).
Emergence of Resistance-Associated HBV Substitutions
In controlled clinical trials, YMDD-mutant HBV was detected in subjects with on–Lamivudine tablets re-appearance of HBV DNA after an initial decline below the solution-hybridization assay limit [see Microbiology (12.4)]. Subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets (adults and children) with YMDD-mutant HBV at 52 weeks showed diminished treatment responses in comparison with subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets without evidence of YMDD substitutions, including the following: lower rates of HBeAg seroconversion and HBeAg loss (no greater than placebo recipients), more frequent return of positive HBV DNA, and more frequent ALT elevations. In the controlled trials, when subjects developed YMDD-mutant HBV, they had a rise in HBV DNA and ALT from their own previous on-treatment levels. Progression of hepatitis B, including death, has been reported in some subjects with YMDD-mutant HBV, including subjects from the liver transplant setting and from other clinical trials. In clinical practice, monitoring of ALT and HBV DNA levels during treatment with Lamivudine tablets may aid in treatment decisions if emergence of viral mutants is suspected.
Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
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- Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
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- Exacerbation of hepatitis B after discontinuation of treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
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- Risk of emergence of resistant HIV-1 infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
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- Risk of emergence of resistant HBV infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Clinical adverse reactions (regardless of investigator's causality assessment) reported in greater or equal to 10% of subjects who received Lamivudine tablets and reported at a rate greater than placebo are listed in Table 2.
Adverse Event
Lamivudine Tablets
Ear, Nose, and Throat
Ear, nose, and throat infections
Sore throat
Specified laboratory abnormalities reported in subjects who received Lamivudine tablets and reported at a rate greater than in subjects who received placebo are listed in Table 3.
|ULN = Upper limit of normal.
Subjects with Abnormality/Subjects with Observations
Lamivudine Tablets
Serum Lipase ≥ 2.5 x ULN†
CPK ≥ 7 x baseline
Platelets < 50,000/mm3
In subjects followed for up to 16 weeks after discontinuation of treatment, posttreatment ALT elevations were observed more frequently in subjects who had received Lamivudine tablets than in subjects who had received placebo. A comparison of ALT elevations between Weeks 52 and 68 in subjects who discontinued Lamivudine tablets at Week 52 and subjects in the same trials who received placebo throughout the treatment course is shown in Table 4.
|ULN = Upper limit of normal.
Abnormal Value
Subjects with ALT Elevation/ Subjects with Observations*
Lamivudine Tablets†
ALT ≥ 2 x baseline value
ALT ≥ 3 x baseline value‡
ALT ≥ 2 x baseline value and absolute ALT > 500 IU/L
ALT ≥ 2 x baseline value; and bilirubin > 2 x ULN and ≥ 2 x baseline value
Most commonly observed adverse reactions in the pediatric trials were similar to those in adult trials. Posttreatment transaminase elevations were observed in some subjects followed after cessation of Lamivudine tablets.
Postmarketing Experience
In addition to adverse reactions reported from clinical trials, the following adverse reactions have been reported during postmarketing use of Lamivudine tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal connection to Lamivudine tablets.
Blood and Lympatic System Disorders: Thrombocytopenia.
Digestive: Stomatitis.
Endocrine and Metabolic: Hyperglycemia.
General: Weakness.
Blood and Lymphatic: Anemia (including pure red cell aplasia and severe anemias progressing on therapy), lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly.
Hepatic and Pancreatic: Lactic acidosis and steatosis, posttreatment exacerbation of hepatitis [see Boxed Warning], pancreatitis.
Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis, urticaria.
Musculoskeletal: Cramps, rhabdomyolysis.
Nervous: Paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy.
Respiratory: Abnormal breath sounds/wheezing.
Skin: Alopecia, pruritus, rash.
Drug Interactions
Lamivudine is predominantly eliminated in the urine by active organic cationic secretion. The possibility of interactions with other drugs administered concurrently should be considered, particularly when their main route of elimination is active renal secretion via the organic cationic transport system (e.g., trimethoprim). No data are available regarding interactions with other drugs that have renal clearance mechanisms similar to that of Lamivudine.
PregnancyTeratogenic Effects
Pregnancy Category C
There are no adequate and well-controlled trials of Lamivudine tablets in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Lamivudine tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry
To monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant women exposed to Lamivudine tablets, an Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry has been established. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling 1-800-258-4263.Animal Data
Animal reproduction studies in rats and rabbits revealed no evidence of teratogenicity. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at orally administered doses up to 4,000 mg/kg/day and 1,000 mg/kg/day, respectively, producing plasma levels up to approximately 60 times that for the adult HBV dose. Evidence of early embryolethality was seen in the rabbit at exposure levels similar to those observed in humans, but there was no indication of this effect in the rat at exposure levels up to 60 times those in humans.
Studies in pregnant rats and rabbits showed that Lamivudine is transferred to the fetus through the placenta.
Nursing Mothers
Lamivudine is excreted in human milk. Samples of breast milk obtained from 20 mothers receiving Lamivudine monotherapy (300 mg twice daily, 6 times the recommended dosage for hepatitis B infection) or combination therapy (150 mg Lamivudine twice daily [3 times the recommended dosage for hepatitis B infection] and 300 mg zidovudine twice daily) had measurable concentrations of Lamivudine.
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made to discontinue Lamivudine tablets taking into consideration the importance of continued hepatitis B therapy to the mother and the known benefits of breastfeeding.
Pediatric Use
Lamivudine tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years [see Indications and Usage (1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The safety and efficacy of Lamivudine tablets in pediatric patients younger than 2 years have not been established.
Geriatric Use
Clinical trials of Lamivudine tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In particular, because Lamivudine is substantially excreted by the kidney and elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, renal function should be monitored and dosage adjustments should be made accordingly [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Patients With Impaired Renal Function
Reduction of the dosage of Lamivudine tablets is recommended for patients with impaired renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Patients With Impaired Liver Function
No dose adjustment for Lamivudine tablets is required for patients with impaired hepatic function.
There is no known antidote for Lamivudine tablets. If overdose occurs, the patient should be monitored, and standard supportive treatment utilized, as required.
Because a negligible amount of Lamivudine was removed via (4-hour) hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and automated peritoneal dialysis, it is not known if continuous hemodialysis would provide clinical benefit in a Lamivudine overdose event.
Lamivudine Description
Lamivudine tablets, USP are a synthetic nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV. The chemical name of Lamivudine is (-)-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. Lamivudine is the (-)enantiomer of a dideoxy analogue of cytidine.
Lamivudine has also been referred to as (-)2′,3′-dideoxy, 3′-thiacytidine. It has a molecular formula of C8H11N3O3S and a molecular weight of 229.26. It has the following structural formula:
Lamivudine, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of approximately 70 mg per mL in water at 20°C.
Lamivudine tablets are for oral administration. Each tablet contains 100 mg of Lamivudine and the inactive ingredients hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, propylene glycol, red iron oxide, sodium starch glycolate (potato), titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide.
Lamivudine - Clinical Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Lamivudine is an antiviral agent [see Microbiology (12.4)].
PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics in Adults
The pharmacokinetic properties of Lamivudine have been studied as single and multiple oral doses ranging from 5 mg to 600 mg per day administered to HBV-infected subjects.
Absorption and Bioavailability
Following single oral doses of 100 mg, the peak serum Lamivudine concentration (Cmax) in HBV-infected patients (steady state) and healthy subjects (single dose) was 1.28 ± 0.56 mcg per mL and 1.05 ± 0.32 mcg per mL (mean ± SD), respectively, which occurred between 0.5 and 2 hours after administration. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC[0-24 h]) following 100 mg Lamivudine oral single and repeated daily doses to steady state was 4.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) and 4.7 ± 1.7 mcg•hour per mL, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the tablet and oral solution were demonstrated in healthy subjects. Although the solution demonstrated a slightly higher peak serum concentration (Cmax), there was no significant difference in systemic exposure (AUC) between the oral solution and the tablet. Therefore, the oral solution and the tablet may be used interchangeably.
After oral administration of Lamivudine once daily to HBV-infected adults, the AUC and Cmax increased in proportion to dose over the range from 5 mg to 600 mg once daily.
Absolute bioavailability in 12 adult subjects was 86% ± 16% (mean ± SD) for the 150 mg tablet and 87% ± 13% for the 10 mg per mL oral solution.
Effects of Food on Oral Absorption
The 100 mg tablet was administered orally to 24 healthy subjects on 2 occasions, once in the fasted state and once with food (standard meal: 967 kcal; 67 grams fat, 33 grams protein, 58 grams carbohydrate). There was no significant difference in systemic exposure (AUC) in the fed and fasted states.
The apparent volume of distribution after IV administration of Lamivudine to 20 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects was 1.3 ± 0.4 L per kg, suggesting that Lamivudine distributes into extravascular spaces. Volume of distribution was independent of dose and did not correlate with body weight.
Binding of Lamivudine to human plasma proteins is less than 36% and independent of dose. In vitro studies showed that over the concentration range of 0.1 to 100 mcg per mL, the amount of Lamivudine associated with erythrocytes ranged from 53% to 57% and was independent of concentration.
Metabolism of Lamivudine is a minor route of elimination. In humans, the only known metabolite of Lamivudine is the trans-sulfoxide metabolite. In 9 healthy subjects receiving 300 mg of Lamivudine as single oral doses, a total of 4.2% (range: 1.5% to 7.5%) of the dose was excreted as the trans-sulfoxide metabolite in the urine, the majority of which was excreted in the first 12 hours. Serum concentrations of the trans-sulfoxide metabolite have not been determined.
The majority of Lamivudine is eliminated unchanged in urine by active organic cationic secretion. In 9 healthy subjects given a single 300 mg oral dose of Lamivudine, renal clearance was 199.7 ± 56.9 mL per min (mean ± SD). In 20 HIV-1-infected subjects given a single IV dose, renal clearance was 280.4 ± 75.2 mL per min (mean ± SD), representing 71% ± 16% (mean ± SD) of total clearance of Lamivudine.
In most single-dose trials in HIV-1-infected subjects, HBV-infected subjects, or healthy subjects with serum sampling for 24 hours after dosing, the observed mean elimination half-life (t½) ranged from 5 to 7 hours. In HIV-1-infected subjects, total clearance was 398.5 ± 69.1 mL per min (mean ± SD). Oral clearance and elimination half-life were independent of dose and body weight over an oral dosing range of 0.25 to 10 mg per kg.Special Populations
Adults With Renal Impairment
The pharmacokinetic properties of Lamivudine have been determined in healthy subjects and in subjects with impaired renal function, with and without hemodialysis (Table 5).
Creatinine Clearance Criterion
≥ 80 mL/min
20 to 59 mL/min
< 20 mL/min
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)
Cmax (mcg/mL)
1.31 ± 0.35
1.85 ± 0.40
1.55 ± 0.31
AUC (mcg•h/mL)
5.28 ± 1.01
14.67 ± 3.74
27.33 ± 6.56
Cl/F (mL/min)
326.4 ± 63.8
120.1 ± 29.5
64.5 ± 18.3
Exposure (AUC), Cmax, and half-life increased with diminishing renal function (as expressed by creatinine clearance). Apparent total oral clearance (Cl/F) of Lamivudine decreased as creatinine clearance decreased. Tmax was not significantly affected by renal function. Based on these observations, it is recommended that the dosage of Lamivudine be modified in patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
Hemodialysis increases Lamivudine clearance from a mean of 64 mL to 88 mL per min; however, the length of time of hemodialysis (4 hours) was insufficient to significantly alter mean Lamivudine exposure after a single-dose administration. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis have negligible effects on Lamivudine clearance. Therefore, it is recommended, following correction of dose for creatinine clearance, that no additional dose modification be made after routine hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
It is not known whether Lamivudine can be removed by continuous (24 hour) hemodialysis.
Pediatric Patients With Renal Impairment
The effect of renal impairment on Lamivudine pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B is not known.
Adults With Hepatic Impairment
The pharmacokinetic properties of Lamivudine in adults with hepatic impairment are shown in Table 6. Subjects were stratified by severity of hepatic impairment.
Cmax (mcg/mL)
0.92 ± 0.31
1.06 ± 0.58
1.08 ± 0.27
AUC (mcg•h/mL)
3.96 ± 0.58
3.97 ± 1.36
4.30 ± 0.63
Tmax (h)
1.3 ± 0.8
1.4 ± 0.8
1.4 ± 1.2
Cl/F (mL/min)
424.7 ± 61.9
456.9 ± 129.8
395.2 ± 51.8
Clr (mL/min)
279.2 ± 79.2
323.5 ± 100.9
216.1 ± 58.0
Pharmacokinetic parameters were not altered by diminishing hepatic impairment. Therefore, no dose adjustment for Lamivudine is required for patients with impaired hepatic function. Safety and efficacy of Lamivudine tablets have not been established in the presence of decompensated liver disease [see Indications and Usage (1)].
Adults Post-Hepatic Transplant
Fourteen HBV-infected subjects received liver transplant following Lamivudine therapy and completed pharmacokinetic assessments at enrollment, 2 weeks after 100 mg once-daily dosing (pre-transplant), and 3 months following transplant; there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. The overall exposure of Lamivudine is primarily affected by renal impairment; consequently, transplant patients with renal impairment had generally higher exposure than patients with normal renal function. Safety and efficacy of Lamivudine tablets have not been established in this population [see Indications and Usage (1)].
Pediatric Subjects
Lamivudine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a 28-day dose-ranging trial in 53 pediatric subjects with chronic hepatitis B. Subjects aged 2 to 12 years were randomized to receive Lamivudine 0.35 mg per kg twice daily, 3 mg per kg once daily, 1.5 mg per kg twice daily, or 4 mg per kg twice daily. Subjects aged 13 to 17 years received Lamivudine 100 mg once daily. Lamivudine Tmax was 0.5 to 1 hour. In general, both Cmax and exposure (AUC) showed dose proportionality in the dosing range studied. Weight-corrected oral clearance was highest at age 2 and declined from 2 to 12 years, where values were then similar to those seen in adults. A dose of 3 mg per kg given once daily produced a steady-state Lamivudine AUC (mean 5,953 ng•hour per mL ± 1,562 SD) similar to that associated with a dose of 100 mg per day in adults.
There are no significant gender differences in Lamivudine pharmacokinetics.
There are no significant racial differences in Lamivudine pharmacokinetics.Drug Interactions
Interferon Alfa
Multiple doses of Lamivudine and a single dose of interferon were coadministered to 19 healthy male subjects in a pharmacokinetics trial. Results indicated a 10% reduction in Lamivudine AUC, but no change in interferon pharmacokinetic parameters when the 2 drugs were given in combination. All other pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, and t½) were unchanged. There was no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between Lamivudine and interferon alfa in this trial.
In vitro data indicate ribavirin reduces phosphorylation of Lamivudine, stavudine, and zidovudine. However, no pharmacokinetic (e.g., plasma concentrations or intracellular triphosphorylated active metabolite concentrations) or pharmacodynamic (e.g., loss of HIV-1/HCV virologic suppression) interaction was observed when ribavirin and Lamivudine (n = 18), stavudine (n = 10), or zidovudine (n = 6) were coadministered as part of a multi-drug regimen to HIV-1/HCV co-infected subjects.
Lamivudine and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were coadministered to 14 HIV-positive subjects in a single-center, open-label, randomized, crossover trial. Each subject received treatment with a single 300 mg dose of Lamivudine and TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg once a day for 5 days with concomitant administration of Lamivudine 300 mg with the fifth dose in a crossover design. Coadministration of TMP/SMX with Lamivudine resulted in an increase of 44% ± 23% (mean ± SD) in Lamivudine AUC, a decrease of 29% ± 13% in Lamivudine oral clearance, and a decrease of 30% ± 36% in Lamivudine renal clearance. The pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and SMX were not altered by coadministration with Lamivudine.
Lamivudine and zidovudine were coadministered to 12 asymptomatic HIV-positive adult subjects in a single-center, open-label, randomized, crossover trial. No significant differences were observed in AUC or total clearance for Lamivudine or zidovudine when the 2 drugs were administered together. Coadministration of Lamivudine with zidovudine resulted in an increase of 39% ± 62% (mean ± SD) in Cmax of zidovudine.
MicrobiologyMechanism of Action
Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, Lamivudine is phosphorylated to its active 5′-triphosphate metabolite, Lamivudine triphosphate, 3TC-TP. The principal mode of action of 3TC-TP is the inhibition of the RNA- and DNA-dependent polymerase activities of HBV reverse transcriptase (rt) via DNA chain termination after incorporation of the nucleotide analogue into viral DNA. 3TC-TP is a weak inhibitor of mammalian α, β, and γ-DNA polymerases.Antiviral Activity
Activity of Lamivudine against HBV in cell culture was assessed in HBV DNA-transfected 2.2.15 cells, HB611 cells, and infected human primary hepatocytes. EC50 values (the concentration of drug needed to reduce the level of extracellular HBV DNA by 50%) varied from 0.01 μM (2.3 ng per mL) to 5.6 μM (1.3 mcg per mL) depending upon the duration of exposure of cells to Lamivudine, the cell model system, and the protocol used. See the EPIVIR prescribing information for information regarding activity of Lamivudine against HIV.Resistance
Lamivudine-resistant isolates were identified in subjects with virologic breakthrough, defined when using solution hybridization assay as the detection of HBV DNA in serum on 2 or more occasions after failing to detect HBV DNA on 2 or more occasions and defined when using PCR assay as a greater than 1 log10 (10-fold) increase in serum HBV DNA from nadir during treatment in a subject who had an initial virologic response.
Lamivudine-resistant HBV isolates develop rtM204V/I substitutions in the YMDD motif of the catalytic domain of the viral reverse transcriptase. rtM204V/I substitutions are frequently accompanied by other substitutions (rtV173L, rtL180M) which enhance the level of Lamivudine resistance or act as compensatory substitutions improving replication efficiency. Other substitutions detected in Lamivudine-resistant HBV isolates include rtL80I and rtA181T.
In 4 controlled clinical trials in adults with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), YMDD-mutant HBV was detected in 81 of 335 subjects receiving Lamivudine tablets 100 mg once daily for 52 weeks. The prevalence of YMDD substitutions was less than 10% in each of these trials for subjects studied at 24 weeks and increased to an average of 24% (range in 4 trials: 16% to 32%) at 52 weeks. In limited data from a long-term follow-up trial in subjects who continued 100 mg per day Lamivudine tablets after one of these trials, YMDD substitutions further increased from 18% (10 of 57) at 1 year to 41% (20 of 49), 53% (27 of 51), and 69% (31 of 45) after 2, 3, and 4 years of treatment, respectively. Over the 5-year treatment period, the proportion of subjects who developed YMDD-mutant HBV at any time was 69% (40 of 58).
In a controlled trial, treatment-naive subjects with HBeAg-positive CHB were treated with Lamivudine tablets or Lamivudine tablets plus adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy. Following 104 weeks of therapy, YMDD-mutant HBV was detected in 7 of 40 (18%) subjects receiving combination therapy compared with 15 of 35 (43%) subjects receiving therapy with only Lamivudine tablets. In another controlled trial, combination therapy was evaluated in adult subjects with HBeAg-positive CHB who had YMDD-mutant HBV and diminished clinical and virologic response to Lamivudine tablets. Following 52 weeks of Lamivudine tablets plus adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy (n = 46) or therapy with only Lamivudine tablets (n = 49), YMDD-mutant HBV was detected less frequently in subjects receiving combination therapy, 62% versus 96%.
A published trial suggested that the rates of Lamivudine resistance in subjects treated for HBeAg-negative CHB appear to be more variable (0% to 27% at 1 year and 10% to 56% at 2 years).
Pediatric Subjects
In a controlled trial in pediatric subjects, YMDD-mutant HBV was detected in 31 of 166 (19%) subjects receiving Lamivudine tablets for 52 weeks. For a subgroup that remained on therapy with Lamivudine tablets in a follow-up trial, YMDD substitutions increased from 24% (29 of 121) at 12 months to 59% (68 of 115) at 24 months and 64% (66 of 103) at 36 months of treatment with Lamivudine tablets.Cross-Resistance
HBV containing Lamivudine resistance-associated substitutions (rtL180M, rtM204I, rtM204V, rtL180M and rtM204V, rtV173L and rtL180M and rtM204V) retain susceptibility to adefovir dipivoxil but have reduced susceptibility to entecavir (30 fold) and telbivudine (greater than 100 fold). The Lamivudine resistance-associated substitution rtA181T results in diminished response to adefovir and telbivudine. Similarly, HBV with entecavir resistance-associated substitutions (I169T/M250V and T184G/S202I) have greater than 1,000-fold reductions in susceptibility to Lamivudine.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesis
Long-term carcinogenicity studies with Lamivudine in mice and rats showed no evidence of carcinogenic potential at exposures up to 34 times (mice) and 200 times (rats) those observed in humans at the recommended therapeutic dose for chronic hepatitis B.Mutagenesis
Lamivudine was not active in a microbial mutagenicity screen or an in vitro cell transformation assay, but showed weak in vitro mutagenic activity in a cytogenetic assay using cultured human lymphocytes and in the mouse lymphoma assay. However, Lamivudine showed no evidence of in vivo genotoxic activity in the rat at oral doses of up to 2,000 mg per kg producing plasma levels of 60 to 70 times those in humans at the recommended dose for chronic hepatitis B.Impairment of Fertility
In a study of reproductive performance, Lamivudine administered to rats at doses up to 4,000 mg per kg per day, producing plasma levels 80 to 120 times those in humans, revealed no evidence of impaired fertility and no effect on the survival, growth, and development to weaning of the offspring.
Clinical Studies
Clinical Studies of Lamivudine Tablets in Adult Patients
The safety and efficacy of Lamivudine tablets 100 mg once daily versus placebo were evaluated in 3 controlled trials in subjects with compensated chronic hepatitis B virus infection. All subjects were aged 16 years or older and had chronic hepatitis B virus infection (serum HBsAg-positive for at least 6 months) accompanied by evidence of HBV replication (serum HBeAg-positive and positive for serum HBV DNA) and persistently elevated ALT levels and/or chronic inflammation on liver biopsy compatible with a diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis. The results of these trials are summarized below.
- •
- Trial 1 was a randomized, double-blind trial of Lamivudine tablets 100 mg once daily versus placebo for 52 weeks followed by a 16-week no-treatment period in 141 treatment-naive U.S. subjects.
- •
- Trial 2 was a randomized, double-blind, 3-arm trial that compared Lamivudine tablets 25 mg once daily versus Lamivudine tablets 100 mg once daily versus placebo for 52 weeks in 358 Asian subjects.
- •
- Trial 3 was a randomized, partially-blind trial conducted primarily in North America and Europe in 238 subjects who had ongoing evidence of active chronic hepatitis B despite previous treatment with interferon alfa. The trial compared Lamivudine tablets 100 mg once daily for 52 weeks, followed by either Lamivudine tablets 100 mg or matching placebo once daily for 16 weeks (Arm 1), versus placebo once daily for 68 weeks (Arm 2).
Principal endpoint comparisons for the histologic and serologic outcomes in subjects receiving Lamivudine tablets (100 mg daily) or placebo in these trials are shown in the following tables.
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Lamivudine Tablets
Lamivudine Tablets
Lamivudine Tablets
No Improvement
Missing Data
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Lamivudine Tablets
Lamivudine Tablets
Lamivudine Tablets
Normalization of serum ALT levels was more frequent with Lamivudine tablets treatment compared with placebo in Trials 1 to 3.
The majority of subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets showed a decrease of HBV DNA to below the assay limit early in the course of therapy. However, reappearance of assay-detectable HBV DNA during treatment with Lamivudine tablets was observed in approximately one-third of subjects after this initial response.
Clinical Studies of Lamivudine Tablets in Pediatric Subjects
The safety and efficacy of Lamivudine tablets were evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial in 286 subjects aged from 2 to 17 years, who were randomized (2:1) to receive 52 weeks of Lamivudine tablets (3 mg per kg once daily to a maximum of 100 mg once daily) or placebo. All subjects had compensated chronic hepatitis B accompanied by evidence of hepatitis B virus replication (positive serum HBeAg and positive for serum HBV DNA by a research branched-chain DNA assay) and persistently elevated serum ALT levels. The combination of loss of HBeAg and reduction of HBV DNA to below the assay limit of the research assay, evaluated at Week 52, was observed in 23% of subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets and 13% of placebo-treated subjects. Normalization of serum ALT was achieved and maintained to Week 52 more frequently in subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets compared with placebo (55% versus 13%). As in the adult controlled trials, most subjects treated with Lamivudine tablets had decreases in HBV DNA below the assay limit early in treatment, but about one-third of subjects with this initial response had reappearance of assay-detectable HBV DNA during treatment. Adolescents (aged 13 to 17 years) showed less evidence of treatment effect than younger pediatric subjects.
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Lamivudine Tablets, USP are available containing 100 mg of Lamivudine, USP.
The 100 mg tablets are peach, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and LN4 on the other side of the tablet. They are available as follows:
bottles of 30 tablets
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.
PHARMACIST: Dispense a Patient Information Leaflet with each prescription.
Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Advice for the Patient:
- •
- Advise patients to remain under the care of a physician while taking Lamivudine tablets and discuss any new symptoms or concurrent medications with their physician.
- •
- Advise patients that Lamivudine tablets are not a cure for hepatitis B, that the long-term treatment benefits of Lamivudine tablets are unknown at this time, and, in particular, that the relationship of initial treatment response to outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis is unknown [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
- •
- Inform patients that deterioration of liver disease has occurred in some cases when treatment was discontinued. Instruct patients to discuss any changes in regimen with their physician [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- •
- Inform patients that emergence of resistant hepatitis B virus and worsening of disease can occur during treatment, and they should promptly report any new symptoms to their physician [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
- •
- Counsel patients on the importance of testing for HIV to avoid inappropriate therapy and development of resistant HIV. HIV counseling and testing should be offered before starting Lamivudine tablets and periodically during therapy.
- •
- Advise patients that Lamivudine tablets contain a lower dose of the same active ingredient (Lamivudine) as EPIVIR tablets, EPIVIR oral solution, COMBIVIR tablets, EPZICOM tablets, and TRIZIVIR tablets. Lamivudine tablets should not be taken concurrently with EPIVIR, COMBIVIR, EPZICOM, or TRIZIVIR [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.3, 5.4)].
- •
- Advise patients not to take Lamivudine tablets with emtricitabine-containing medicines, such as ATRIPLA, COMPLERA, EMTRIVA, STRIBILD, or TRUVADA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
- •
- Advise patients that treatment with Lamivudine tablets has not been shown to reduce the risk of transmission of HBV to others through sexual contact or blood contamination [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
- •
- Instruct patients to avoid doing things that can spread HBV infection to others.
- •
- Do not share needles or other injection equipment.
- •
- Do not share personal items that can have blood or body fluids on them, like toothbrushes and razor blades.
- •
- Do not have any kind of sex without protection. Always practice safe sex by using a latex or polyurethane condom to lower the chance of sexual contact with semen, vaginal secretions, or blood.
Patient Information Leaflet
Lamivudine Tablets, USP
(la miv′ ue deen)
Read this Patient Information before you start taking Lamivudine tablets and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment.
What is the most important information I should know about Lamivudine tablets?
Lamivudine tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
Build-up of an acid in your blood (lactic acidosis). Lactic acidosis can happen in some people who take Lamivudine tablets or similar (nucleoside analogs) medicines. Lactic acidosis is a serious medical emergency that can lead to death.
Lactic acidosis can be hard to identify early because the symptoms could seem like symptoms of other health problems. Call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- •
- feel very weak or tired
- •
- unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- •
- trouble breathing
- •
- stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- •
- feel cold, especially in your arms and legs
- •
- feel dizzy or light-headed
- •
- have a fast or irregular heartbeat
Severe liver problems. Severe liver problems can happen in people who take Lamivudine tablets or similar medicines. In some cases these liver problems can lead to death. Your liver may become large (hepatomegaly) and you may develop fat in your liver (steatosis) when you take Lamivudine tablets. Call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of the following signs of liver problems:
- •
- your skin or the white part of your eyes turns yellow (jaundice)
- •
- dark "tea-colored" urine
- •
- light-colored bowel movements (stools)
- •
- loss of appetite for several days or longer
- •
- nausea
- •
- stomach pain
You may be more likely to get lactic acidosis or severe liver problems if you are female, very overweight, or have been taking nucleoside analogue medicines for a long time.
Worsening liver disease. Your hepatitis B infection may become worse after stopping treatment with Lamivudine tablets. Worsening liver disease can be serious and may lead to death. If you stop treatment with Lamivudine tablets, your healthcare provider will need to check your health and do blood tests to check your liver for at least several months after you stop taking Lamivudine tablets.
Risk of HIV-1 resistance in people with unknown HIV-1 infection or in people with untreated HIV-1 infection. If you have or get HIV that is not being treated with medicines while taking Lamivudine tablets, the HIV virus may develop resistance to certain HIV medicines and become harder to treat.
- •
- Your healthcare provider should offer you counseling and testing for HIV-1 infection before you start treatment for hepatitis B with Lamivudine tablets and during treatment.
- •
- Lamivudine tablets contain a lower dose of Lamivudine than other medicines that contain Lamivudine and are used to treat HIV-1 infection. See "What should I tell my healthcare provider?" for a list of medicines you should not take with Lamivudine tablets.
Resistant Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The hepatitis B virus can change (mutate) during your treatment with Lamivudine tablets and become harder to treat (resistant). If this happens, your liver disease can become worse and may lead to death. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any new symptoms.
What are Lamivudine tablets?
Lamivudine tablets are a prescription medicine used to treat long-term (chronic) hepatitis B virus (HBV) when the disease is progressing and there is liver swelling (inflammation).
- •
- Lamivudine tablets will not cure HBV.
- •
- Lamivudine tablets may lower the amount of HBV in your body.
- •
- Lamivudine tablets may lower the ability of HBV to multiply and infect new liver cells.
- •
- Lamivudine tablets may improve the condition of your liver.
- •
- The long-term benefits of taking Lamivudine tablets for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection are not known.
It is not known if Lamivudine tablets are safe and effective in:
- •
- people with chronic HBV who have a severely damaged liver that is unable to work properly (decompensated liver disease)
- •
- people with hepatitis C virus or hepatitis D (delta) virus
- •
- people who have had a liver transplant
- •
- children with chronic HBV less than 2 years of age
Lamivudine tablets do not stop you from spreading HBV to others by sex, sharing needles, or being exposed to your blood. Avoid doing things that can spread HBV infection to others.
- •
- Do not share or re-use needles or other injection equipment.
- •
- Do not share personal items that can have blood or body fluids on them, like toothbrushes and razor blades.
- •
- Do not have any kind of sex without protection. Always practice safer sex by using a latex or polyurethane condom to lower the chance of sexual contact with semen, vaginal secretions, or blood.
A vaccine is available to protect people at risk for becoming infected with HBV. You can ask your healthcare provider for information about this vaccine.
Who should not take Lamivudine tablets?
Do not take Lamivudine tablets if you are allergic to Lamivudine or any of the ingredients in Lamivudine tablets. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in Lamivudine tablets.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking Lamivudine tablets?
Before you take Lamivudine tablets, tell your healthcare provider if you:
- •
- have HIV-1 infection
- •
- have kidney problems
- •
- have any other medical condition
- •
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Lamivudine tablets will harm your unborn baby.
- Pregnancy Registry. There is a pregnancy registry for women who take antiviral medicines during pregnancy. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the health of you and your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about how you can take part in this registry.
- •
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Lamivudine can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take Lamivudine tablets or breastfeed.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Do not take Lamivudine tablets if you also take:
- •
- other medicines that contain Lamivudine (COMBIVIR®, EPIVIR®, EPZICOM®, TRIZIVIR®)
- •
- medicines that contain emtricitabine (ATRIPLA®, COMPLERA®, EMTRIVA®, STRIBILD®, TRUVADA®)
How should I take Lamivudine tablets?
- •
- Take Lamivudine tablets exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.
- •
- Do not change your dose or stop taking Lamivudine tablets without talking with your healthcare provider.
- •
- Lamivudine tablets are taken one time each day.
- •
- Your healthcare provider may prescribe a lower dose if you have problems with your kidneys.
- •
- For children 2 to 17 years of age, your healthcare provider will prescribe the right dose of Lamivudine based on your child's body weight.
- •
- Take Lamivudine tablets by mouth, with or without food.
- •
- Tell your healthcare provider if you have trouble swallowing tablets. Lamivudine also comes as a liquid (oral solution).
- •
- If you take too many Lamivudine tablets, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.
- •
- It is important to stay under your healthcare provider's care while taking Lamivudine tablets. Tell your healthcare provider about any new symptoms that you have.
What are the possible side effects of Lamivudine tablets?
Lamivudine tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
See "What is the most important information I should know about Lamivudine tablets?"
The most common side effects of Lamivudine tablets include:
- •
- ear, nose, and throat infections
- •
- sore throat
- •
- diarrhea
Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Lamivudine tablets. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store Lamivudine tablets?
- •
- Store Lamivudine tablets at room temperature between 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Keep Lamivudine tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of Lamivudine tablets
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Lamivudine tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Lamivudine tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.
If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Lamivudine tablets that is written for health professionals.
For more information, call Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX).
What are the ingredients in Lamivudine tablets?
Active ingredient: Lamivudine
Inactive ingredients: Lamivudine tablets: hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, propylene glycol, red iron oxide, sodium starch glycolate (potato), titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The brands listed are trademarks of their respective owners.
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Manufactured by:
Mylan Laboratories Limited
Hyderabad — 500 034, India
Code No.: MH/DRUGS/25/NKD/89
Revised: 4/2016
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 100 mg
Tablets, USP
100 mg
Rx only 30 Tablets
Each film-coated tablet contains:
Lamivudine, USP 100 mg
Usual Dosage: See accompanying
prescribing information.
Keep this and all medication out of
the reach of children.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
[See USP Controlled Room
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Made in India
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant
container as defined in the USP
using a child-resistant closure.
Keep container tightly closed.
Code No.: MH/DRUGS/25/NKD/89
Lamivudine tablet, film coated
|Labeler - Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. (059295980)
More about lamivudine
Consumer resources
Professional resources
- Other brands: Epivir, Epivir-HBV


text:
Grove Die Casting Inc - Union Grove, WI - Phone: (262) 878-4050
Tool and die makers in Union Grove make jigs, fixtures, dies, molds, machine tools, cutting tools, gauges, and other tools used in manufacturing processes. They are a class of machinists who work primarily in toolroom environments, with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled craftspeople who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and hands-on instruction. Art and science are thoroughly intermixed in their work.
Governor Cuomo Announces 900 Solar Projects Underway Through 26 Community Solarize Campaigns Across The State
"Solarize" campaigns are encouraging homes and businesses throughout the state to install solar – State will support another 31 "Solarize" campaigns set to begin this spring (Long Island, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced that 900 solar projects are underway through 26 community "Solarize" campaigns across New York State. A component of the NY-Sun program and the Governor's comprehensive..

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hello every one , first of all I want to thank you for passing by and y hope someone can help me out.
I'm a studding and doing some practise's in a real company that uses worpress ( I have never used it before).I started this year so I only have the basic knowledge of how to type code that's why i need help
I'm using the theme:Fiat Lux, to make the web. I have a port folio with videos, every video belongs to a product , the description of the product is in another page.
I need the "read more" bottom in every video (by default it opens the videos description) to redirect the user to that video's product page.
I have located the code of the "read more" bottom in the theme editor but I don´t know how to change it (using php or a plugin) to detect the category of the video and redirect the user to that products page.
can any body give me a tip?


text:
- Report: #740851
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Victory University
Victory University255 N Highland Memphis, Tennessee United States of America
Victory University Crichton College Financial Aid Fraud Memphis, Tennessee
*Consumer Comment: Victory University is a bogus school
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Years later in 2008, I was harrassed by creditors that I was in default with Student Loans on 6 loans and that my tax refund would be offset. Taxes did get offset as well as wage garnishments at my job, totalling $8000.00 I was SHOCKED and UPSET and went to the school demanding answers. It was then discovered that not only had they never cancelled or returned Student Loans/ Pell Grants for the drop period of Aug 2002, they never returned or cancelled for the medical withdrawal period early 2004, and then CONTINUED to take out more loans and grants in my behalf!! They did so up until 2005, and then stopped.
In order to mask this fraudulent activity, they documented the classes that I dropped with the letter grade 'F' instead of deleting the course from my transcript. This was done to pretend that I was still attending.
When I contacted the school just last week in person regarding this matter, the registrar put on a big scene, acting as if I was a 'security threat' in order to have me removed from the campus. They even have it where I am no longer welcome to enter the school to discuss the noted discrepancies with anyone.I was UPSET and that issue has not even been addressed.
Currently, I am working with investigators at the OIG (Office of the Attorney General) at the U.S. Dept of Education in order to have these issues resolve. The school is unwilling to cooperate in ANY resolution efforts and will not communicate with the loan providers that I am not to be held responsible for the loans.
PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE steer clear from this school, as they have been caught engaging in fraudulent Financial Aid/ Student Loan practices. Go to a 'real' college instead.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/14/2011 08:10 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Victory-University/Memphis-Tennessee-38111/Victory-University-Crichton-College-Financial-Aid-Fraud-Memphis-Tennessee-740851. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Consumer Comment
Victory University is a bogus school
AUTHOR: valley1 - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Friday, July 15, 2011POSTED: Friday, July 15, 2011
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- Report: #859884
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: We Fix Ugly Pools
We Fix Ugly Pools100 Fredricksburg Ct Weatherford, Texas United States of America
We Fix Ugly Pools Created additional damage to equipment and charges over 200% of actual material cost! Weatherford, Texas
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 03/27/2012 07:43 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/We-Fix-Ugly-Pools/Weatherford-Texas-76087/We-Fix-Ugly-Pools-Created-additional-damage-to-equipment-and-charges-over-200-of-actual-859884. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Less than a week after CVS took down its CVSphoto.com site while it investigates a possible credit card breach, at least four other retailers including Costco and Sam's Club have suspended online photo services following notification by the company that manages or hosts photo services for the sites of a possible data breach. [More]
Costco, Three Other Retailers Suspend Photo Sites After Third-Party Host Suffers Possible Breach
Sam's Club Doing Worse Than Costco, Will Try More Organic Food Maybe
If you'd like to study the uneven economic recovery of the last few years, just compare warehouse chains Costco and Sam's Club. While both warehouse chains serve people who like to buy their granola bars 48 at a time, Walmart-owned Sam's serves customers who are less affluent than the more urban customer base of Costco. [More]
Sam's Club, Kroger & H-E-B Remove All Blue Bell Ice Cream Products Amid Contamination Concerns
Two weeks after Blue Bell Creameries expanded the recall of products linked to an outbreak of listeriosis that resulted in three deaths, several major grocery chains have taken things a step farther by removing all of the company's products from the ice cream aisle. [More]
Sam's Club Put Money-Back Guarantee On Booze Labels, Wouldn't Honor It
When a product says "Money-Back Guarantee" on the label, it's not out of line to assume that you'll get your money back if you don't like it, right? That's what one Sam's Club customer thought when he bought some seriously subpar house-brand vodka at the liquor store at his local Sam's Club. The problem: the store, corporate, and the distillery disagreed about who should honor that guarantee. [More]
Happy Friday, Here's A Video Of A Guy Dancing His Butt Off At A Sam's Club In Mexico
Look, everyone! Outside! Can you see it? It's Friday. It's here. You know how we can tell? Because a video of the happiest guy in a Sam's Club in dancing his butt off to the delight of customers just came across my desk, which is an Internet desk and looks like something from the future. Anyway, Friday!
90,000 Pounds Of Caesar Salad Kits Sold At Sam's Club Recalled Because Listeria Isn't A Tasty Ingredient
When you're in a rush and don't have time to gather all the ingredients to a salad, grabbing a pre-made kit might seem like a convenient and healthy idea. That is unless that salad kit comes with a little something extra – let's say, maybe, listeria. Doesn't sound so appetizing, now does it? [More]
Looking for a reasonably-priced but effective laundry detergent? Consider signing up for a warehouse club if you aren't already a member of one. Our high-efficiency colleagues down the hall at Consumer Reports just put out their list of great performers at reasonable prices, and two of the top three are house brands from Sam's Club (Member's Mark) or Costco (Kirkland). Non-members can check out Wisk Deep Clean instead. [More]
Tyson Foods Recalls 75,000 Lbs Of Chicken Nuggets Because Eating Plastic Is A Bad Idea
There are some foods that really shine when they're dipped in savory sauces, but no amount of barbecue sauce is going to make that bit of plastic taste like a chicken nugget. Which is why Tyson Foods is recalling more than 75,000 pounds of chicken nuggets that could possibly contain crunchy bits of plastic. [More]
How To Not Suck… At Buying In Bulk
Like most folks, we here at Consumerist love a good deal. The problem is that sometimes stuff that appears to be a big money-saver is actually a big money-waster.
Walmart Laying Off 2,300 Sam's Club Workers
In a move intended to thin the herd of too many assistant managers, Walmart announced over the weekend that it will be laying off 2,300 employees of its Sam's Club warehouse stores, and that about half of those being let go are salaried assistant managers. [More]
Amazon Going After Costco, Sam's Club With 'Pantry' Bulk-Buying Service
For years, Amazon has been selling certain household goods, like toilet paper, cleaning supplies, and cereal, that are the bread-and-butter for warehouse clubs like Costco and Sam's Club, but the online retailer has had trouble competing because of the shipping costs. That may change next year with the reported launch of something called Pantry. [More]
Sam's Club Takes Back Ancient Desk Chair, Delights Customer
People come in different shapes and sizes, and companies make products to fit us. Well, the products are supposed to. Reader Chris got a wonderful desk chair designed for people who are, as he puts it, "big and tall" for Christmas. Christmas 2011. When it broke, he was stuck: surely the warranty was up and the retailer wouldn't take it back. Right? [More]
Sam's Club Manager Makes Up Own Return Policy, Won't Take Back Cracked TV
What kind of difference can a local store's management make? A bigger one than you might think. Shanna ordered a new television online from Sam's Club that arrived broken. For the sake of convenience, she went to exchange it at the local store after figuring out that it fit in her car after all. The problem was that that store's management made up its own return policy that has no basis in the actual policies of Sam's Club. [More]
Sam's Club Recalls Smoked Salmon Sold In 42 States
With year-end parties still to come, there will probably be some of you munching on Smoked Salmon in the next few days. If that salmon was purchased at Sam's Club, you might want to keep reading. [More]
Sam's Club Reinstates Oversold Black Friday Orders, Makes Up To Sad Customers
Remember the Black Friday deal at Sam's Club where too many orders came in for the best deals, and there wasn't enough merchandise to fill them all? Well, Sam's Club is doing the right thing for those customers, reinstating the canceled orders and even sending free memberships and gift cards to customers who went and found the same items elsewhere. [More]
Sam's Club Offers Great Thanksgiving Week Deals, Abruptly Cancels Orders
Is Sam's Club the new Best Buy? Last year, Best Buy canceled orders for many of their hottest doorbusters just before Christmas, leaving customers sad and giftless. If that's Sam's Club's plan, at least they're operating on a shorter timeline before canceling their hottest deals. Readers report to us that Sam's sold and then canceled these deals all in the space of Thanksgiving weekend.
Warehouse Store Sample Server: I'm Not Here To Give You A Free Lunch
Shoppers at Costco, Sam's Club and other warehouse clubs are likely quite familiar with the many sample servers situated around the store, handing out freebies to eager customers. One such sample server has penned an open letter to warehouse club shoppers saying that he loves his job, but there are some things you all do that really get under his skin.
I Can't Get Sam's Club To Take My Money
Rhoda wanted to get the new Halo 4 edition of the Xbox 360, and she wanted to get it from Sam's Club. Presumably, she's a member, and she says that she has ordered online from Sam's before. But something about this transaction made the store's computers unhappy, and the order wouldn't go through. She called up the company to verify the order and tried again, only to face even more rejection.


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Team Martinez Has No Excuses, Just Credit For Cotto Loss
by David P. Greisman
Before Sergio Martinez's fight with Miguel Cotto, the question had been about whether the injuries Martinez suffered to his right knee and left hand in his 2012 win over Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. and his 2013 win over Martin Murray would have an affect on his performance.
After Cotto defeated Martinez on Saturday in Madison Square Garden in New York City, knocking him down three times in the opening round and scoring a stoppage when Martinez did not come out of his corner for the 10th, Martinez and his team said there were no excuses for what happened — just credit to the opponent that did it to him.
"You've got to know when to win and you've got to know when to lose, and I give all congratulations to Miguel Cotto," Martinez was quoted as saying afterward.
Martinez did not attend the post-fight press conference, but rather was taken to a local hospital for precautionary reasons, as the fighter said he felt as if he still had not recovered from the punches he took in the first round.
"The one thing he wanted me to tell all of you is that there were no excuses," said Martinez's promoter, Lou DiBella. "There was no problem with his knees. There was no problem with his hand. That he got caught in the first round by a great puncher, Miguel Cotto. He never recovered from that punch. … He was dizzy, basically, throughout the fight.
"Obviously he was taking a terrible beating," DiBella soon added. "He wanted everyone to know again that this was Miguel Cotto's night. Miguel beat him pillar to post."
Martinez's trainer, Pablo Sarmiento, did speak to the press briefly afterward.
"Cotto was superior to Sergio tonight," Sarmiento said through a translator. "There's nothing else to say. He never got back from the knockdowns in the first round.
"It was not about Sergio being cold," he soon added. "It was about Miguel doing a good job. Sergio showed his heart by extending the fight into the ninth round."
Pick up a copy of David's book, "Fighting Words: The Heart and Heartbreak of Boxing," at http://bit.ly/fightingwordsamazon or internationally at http://bit.ly/fightingwordsworldwide. Send questions/comments via email at [email protected]
YOSHIK AND MATHED CAN BOTH KISS THE FATEST PART OF MY ASS!!! TOLD YA!!!! AAAANNNNDDDD NNNNEEEWWWWWW!!!!!!!!!!!!:owned2:Comment by KnickTillDeaTh on 06-09-2014
There is no fighter who can be off for over 1.5 years, start training camp while also rehabbing, off of nothing straight into a fight like this. Martinez was still rehabbing, had to not only hone his skills back to…Comment by KnickTillDeaTh on 06-09-2014
[QUOTE=jcj0427;14647472]I think if Sergio had healthy knees it would of been a really competitive entertaining fight. Cotto was coming up in weight and was a good 5 from the middleweight limit and Sergio was use to fighting in this weight…Comment by KnickTillDeaTh on 06-09-2014
[QUOTE=jcj0427;14647011]No1 is mad, im actually more sad because he wasnt healthy which would of made it an epic fight in my mind. Lol, now a shorter fighter has the edge over a taller fighter? I believe Trout was taller then…Comment by jcj0427 on 06-09-2014
[QUOTE=beez721;14647430]point taken,, but his legs seemed sturdy to me until he got hurt. I just think it was more a matter of not being able to cope with cotto's power. thats not to say serg wasnt past his best which…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (142)


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I have 12 GHG life size mallards.
4 big foot geese floaters.
Thinking of adding a puddler pack.
Mostly hunt WMA walk in blinds.
Anyone have any good reviews. I know they come with a pintail, gadwall and a teal.
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leaving me slack jawed and stupified. mangy feline deathkitty stole my bird.
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We invite you at the Montreal Museum of fine Arts!
Reserve any of our suites for a minimum of two nights at our best available rate and we will offer you the entrance for two for the new exhibit "Pompéi".
Package includes;
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Tuesday; 10a.m. to 5p.m.
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Thursday through Sunday; 10a.m. to 5p.m.


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Twitter Profile: Felix Baumgartner (baumgartnfelix)
Location: currently Planet Earth / Official Twitter Account By Felix Baumgartner http://www.facebook.com/FelixBaumgartner … Jumping higher and higher...
Twitter Profile: Felix Baumgartner (falling_felix)
Location: Somewhere above Earth / I, Felix Baumgartner, will tweet during the entirety of my 128,000-foot freefall from space to earth. Let's do this.
Twitter Profile: Felix Baumgartner (felixbofficial)
Location: Earth | Space / Official account of Austrian-Born Skydiver/Record Holder, Felix 'Spaceman' Baumgartner. Performed the #SpaceJump & Made History - @RedBullStratos
Twitter Profile: Felix Baumgartner (felixthejumper)
Felix Baumgartner created history by jumping from space around 128000 feet from the Earth surface and around 40km from stratosphere.
Felix Baumgartner Breaks Speed of Sound, Lands Successfully
14.10.2012 [TMZ.com] - Felix Baumgartner successfully completed his free fall, diving to the Earth's surface from 24 miles up in the air!!!! Baumgartner at one point fell as fast as Mach 1.24, well above the speed of sound. He did not break the record for longest-lasting
Red Bull Stratos Live Blog 2.0! Felix Baumgartner Jumps 120000 Feet to Earth!
14.10.2012 [Bleacher Report] - Last week the Red Bull Stratos Project attempted to send Felix Baumgartner into the Stratosphere in a helium propelled capsule. Once arriving at 120,000 feet, Baumgartner would make the leap and free fall back to earth. The jump never happened. As they
Felix Baumgartner was wearing a GoPro for his space jump -...
In October of 2012, Felix Baumgartner was 128,100 feet above the surface of the earth, about to set three world records, when he said "I wish ...
Watch: Felix Baumgartner breaks sound barrier in record jump
15.10.2012 [IBNLive] - 43-year-old Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner jumped over 1,20,000 feet to land safely on Earth. He is the first skydiver to break the sound barrier in the highest and fastest freefall in history. Felix has broken Joe Kittinger's 52-year-old record
A Man Is Jumping To The Earth From Space, And You Can Watch It Live Here
14.10.2012 [SportsGrid] - Remember a while back when daredevil Felix Baumgartner planned to jump down to the earth from 120,000 feet up, everyone on the internet became infatuated with it out of nowhere… and then the attempt was aborted because of excessive winds? Well
BlinkX Video: Felix Baumgartner jumps from balloon hovering 24 miles above Earth
Felix Baumgartner makes a record jump from a balloon hovering near the edge of space 24 miles above Earth. Deborah Lutterbeck reports. - 10.15.2012, Reuterslightnews
500mph skydive: Felix Baumgartner trains for record-breaking fall -...
Jumping from a balloon flying at 18 miles above Earth, Felix Baumgartner falls at speeds topping 500mph to train for the world's highest skydive. . Report by...
Felix Baumgartner's record-breaking skyfall draws largest ever live YouTube ...
15.10.2012 [Radio Times] - Yesterday evening, Austrian Felix Baumgartner jumped from 128,100 feet above the earth's surface, smashing the previous records for the highest ever skydive and the highest manned balloon flight to become the first person in history to break the speed
Suffolk: The day Felix(stowe) fell to earth!
15.10.2012 [East Anglian Daily Times] - Felix Baumgartner, of Austria, waves to the crowd after successfully jumping from a space capsule lifted by a helium balloon at a height of just over 128,000 feet above the Earth's surface, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2012, in Roswell, N.M.(AP Photo/Ross D
Skydiver breaks speed of sound in historic jump from edge of space
14.10.2012 [CNN] - (CNN) -- The sky proved no limit for Felix Baumgartner. The Austrian daredevil, in fact, rose to the edge of space Sunday -- 128,100 feet, or 24 miles, above the Earth -- before plunging faster than the speed of sound. Minutes later, he landed in
From the Edge of Space: Felix Baumgartner's Death-Defying Dive
14.10.2012 [TIME] - Felix Baumgartner pumps his fist to the crowd after successfully jumping from a space capsule lifted by a helium balloon at a height of just over 128,000 feet above the Earth's surface, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2012, in Roswell, N.M.. Family members and
The space adventure you can't miss
14.10.2012 [CNN] - (CNN) -- Update: Felix Baumgartner landed safely on Earth after jumping from 128,000 feet. I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the world's first
Google Groups: faster than the speed of sound: the man who falls to earth
27.01.2010: ... who falls to earth daredevil felix baumgartner, who made the first unpowered ...
Google Groups: ot faster than the speed of sound: the man who falls to earth
27.01.2010: ... who falls to earth daredevil felix baumgartner, who made the first unpowered ...
Google Groups: Austrian birdman falls to earth -- from England to France
31.07.2003: Skydiver Felix Baumgartner started his unusual journey from a point some 9000
Felix Baumgartner completes free fall from the edge of space, breaks sound barrier
14.10.2012 [The Verge] - Moments ago skydiver Felix Baumgartner successfully completed a jump from over 128,000 feet above the Earth, a feat which immediately broke numerous world records and etched his name into the history books. After a postponed launch and some
Baumgartner lands on Earth after supersonic skydive
14.10.2012 [Central Florida News 13] - Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner broke the speed of sound -- at one point hitting Mach 1.24, according to a team official -- during his record-setting jump from 128,000 feet Sunday over southeastern New Mexico. Read the full press release from Red
Felix Baumgartner Red Bull Stratos Jump Time
14.10.2012 [Brevard Times] - Felix Baumgartner's second attempt to ascend to 120,000 feet in a stratospheric balloon and make a freefall jump rushing toward earth at supersonic speeds before parachuting to the ground could happen on Sunday, October 14, 2012 at the earliest
New HD footage of Felix Baumgartner's incredible leap to ...
From Yahoo News: If there's one thing we never get tired of watching, it's Felix Baumgartner's 2012 jump to Earth. Newly released HD footage ...
Felix Baumgartner: Daredevil who freefalls from space to Earth |...
When Felix Baumgartner freefalls 23 miles to Earth he'll travel faster than the speed of sound. There's got to be an easier way to beat the queues at...
Felix Baumgartner - 2013 Adventurers of the Year - National Geographic
BASE Jumper Felix Baumgartner is a 2013 National Geographic Adventurer of the Year. An Austrian skydiver leaps from 23.5 miles above the Earth and becomes the...
What drives Felix Baumgartner, the man who fell to earth?
Felix Baumgartner is known for his daredevil stunts - can he handle Bathurst?
Felix Baumgartner Red Bull space jump: First-person GoPro video.
A year and a half ago, the world held its breath as skydiver Felix Baumgartner leapt from a space capsule 24 miles above the earth to set a new record ...
Felix Baumgartner's Disorienting and Amazing Fall From Space - The...
What it feels like to step out into Earth's atmosphere.
Here's New First-Person Footage From Felix Baumgartner's Space Jump...
A short film on Felix Baumgartner's 2012 jump from space to Earth uses new footage from the GoPro he wore during his descent.
Incredible new video of Felix Baumgartner's space jump
You've seen Felix Baumgartner's harrowing jump from 128,1000 feet above Earth's surface, but you haven't seen it like this. This new exhilarating video shows...
GoPro Just Released New HD Footage of Felix Baumgartner's Space Jump...
On October 14, 2012, Felix Baumgartner ascended 128,100 feet above Earth's surface to the edge of space in a stratospheric balloon.
Google VP Alan Eustace breaks Felix Baumgartner's Red Bull-sponsored...
On Oct. 14, 2012, Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner jumped from a helium balloon and fell 128100 feet (24 miles) back to Earth at 843.6 mph ...
Felix Baumgartners Skydive Footage Has Been Released
A video of Felix Baumgartner's record-breaking descent to Earth has been released by the camera company GoPro.
This newly released footage of Felix Baumgartner's space jump is...
In October 2012, Felix Baumgartner leapt from a balloon floating 24-miles high and fell to Earth, breaking the sound barrier on the way down. Now, newly...
Felix Baumgartner is the man who fell to Earth and lived to tell the...
boys crowding his Red Bull Stratos exhibit at the Smithsonian, ...
Felix Baumgartner's Record-Breaking Jump | Outside Online
miles above the earth, breaking the altitude record for skydiving and becoming ...
GoPro Short Film and Super Bowl Ad Featuring Felix Baumgartner's Red...
October 14, 2012, Felix Baumgartner ascended 128,100 feet above Earth's surface to the edge of space in a stratospheric balloon. Millions ...
The Physics of Daredevil's Amazing Supersonic Skydive | Felix...
A daredevil will skydive to Earth from 23 miles up on Oct. 8, achieving supersonic speeds during his freefall. Experts explain the physics of this...
Skydiver Leaps From 18 Miles Up in 'Space Jump' Practice
Daredevil skydiver Felix Baumgartner leaped from a balloon more than 18 miles above Earth today, moving one step closer to a
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The problematic role of first lady
From the Washington Post:
But as women assume ever more visible and powerful leadership roles as Supreme Court justices and members of the president's cabinet, as well as CEOs of large U.S. companies, the cultural ideal of wife and mother has been further threatened. Even when first ladies are good wives and mothers, they are still reined in when they try to go beyond.
When we have our first woman president and, thus, our first gentleman (it even sounds bad), believe me, we will figure out how to change this role pronto. Until then, there are other real ways we can get off the dime.
Washington Post
January 24, 2012
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Dr. Stan Kuczaj, professor of psychology and director of The University of Southern Mississippi's Marine Mammal Behavior and Cognition Laboratory, was recently interviewed by the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) for a future episode of its "Natural World" series. The show airs on the Animal Planet channel.
The interview focused on Kuczaj's behavioral and cognitive research on walruses, which has been ongoing for the last five years at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, Calif.
Dr. Sarah Morgan, associate professor in the School of Polymers and High Performance Materials at The University of Southern Mississippi, has been awarded a $60,000 grant from the Ray C. Anderson Foundation that will be used in her continuing solar cells research.
Environmental disasters, both manmade and natural, have prompted the need for improved, comprehensive understanding of the waters and resources of the Gulf of Mexico.
To that end, The University of Southern Mississippi has taken the lead role in formation of the new Center for Gulf Studies (CGS). The center represents a partnership between Southern Miss and the state's other research universities – Mississippi State University, the University of Mississippi and Jackson State University.
Dr. Mohamed Elasri, associate professor of biological sciences at The University of Southern Mississippi, has been awarded a $439,000 grant by the National Institutes of Health to assist in his research of the staphylococcus aureus human pathogen.
University of Southern Mississippi Vice Provost for Research Dr. Gordon Cannon has announced that Chase Kasper will become the director of the Office of Technology Development, effective Feb. 1.
The National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security at The University of Southern Mississippi will offer an online Sports Security Management Professional Certificate beginning Feb. 4 through April 15.
While the United States continues to rely on foreign countries for oil, there's a push here at home to find alternative fuel resources.
Working diligently toward that end are researchers at The University of Southern Mississippi who are participating in an international research project aimed at turning marine micro-algae into fuel.
Students from three Gulf Coast area high schools will have a unique opportunity to brainstorm experimental ideas as part of a Mars simulation workshop conducted by Dr. Scott Milroy, assistant professor of marine science at The University of Southern Mississippi.
The National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security (NCS4) at The University of Southern Mississippi, along with the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, Nascar, U.S. Olympic Committee, Division I College Sports and other professional leagues, gathered in New York recently to show their commitment to strengthening safety and security at America's venues.
Former National Basketball Association star Earvin "Magic" Johnson accepted the role as Honorary Chair of NCS4's National Certification Development Commission at a time when safety and security in spectator sports, on and off the field, is paramount.
Nabanita Mukherjee, a second year masters student at The University of Southern Mississippi, won a second place award for Best Poster in Medical, Urban, & Veterinary Entomology Section of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) 2012 annual meeting last month in Knoxville, Tenn.
Dr. Thomas Payne, associate professor in the School of Criminal Justice at The University of Southern Mississippi, has consulted with the Houston (Texas) Police Department on groundbreaking research into the best methods for conducting eyewitness lineups.
Souvik Banerjee, doctoral student in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at The University of Southern Mississippi was selected to present at the American Chemical Society's Division of Organic Chemistry Graduate Research Symposium on the campus of University of Colorado, Boulder.
Renowned environmental scientist Dr. Margaret Lowman will be the featured speaker at The University of Southern Mississippi's next Honors Forum Series, set for 6:30 p.m. on Nov. 13 at the Thad Cochran Center Ballroom on the Hattiesburg campus.
Dr. Thomas Payne, associate professor in the School of Criminal Justice -- Southern Miss Gulf Coast, recently assisted the Houston Police Department with its ongoing Eyewitness Identification research project.
Payne spent several hours in Houston helping officers collect baseline data for the project. In a letter of appreciation, Houston Robbery Division Capt. M.S. Holloway noted that Payne's contributions "were invaluable."
A signing ceremony highlighting the recently formed "Mississippi Blue Crab Aquaculture Consortium" will be held at 10 a.m. on Monday, Oct. 22 at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL) in Ocean Springs, Miss.
The College of Health at The University of Southern Mississippi is sponsoring the Hospice Foundation of America's "Artificial Nutrition and Hydration Program" on Wednesday, Oct. 24, from 9-11 a.m. in Room 101 of the Trent Lott Center.
Several University of Southern Mississippi students currently involved in solar cell research will be recognized for their efforts as part of Gov. Phil Bryant's "Energy and Economic Development in the 21st Century" summit set for Oct. 4 at the Jackson Convention Complex.
Like all scientific processes, biochemical research in the lab of University of Southern Mississippi Professor Dr. Vijay Rangachari begins with a theory. And there is no shortage of theories when it comes to Alzheimer's disease research.
Research teams that include University of Southern Mississippi professors Dr. Daniel Savin and Dr. Joseph Griffitt have received additional grant funding to study the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico.
Washington Monthly magazine has recognized The University of Southern Mississippi among the nation's top 70 institutions of higher learning for "best value" in its 2012 College Guide and Rankings.
Southern Miss sits at No. 69 in the national rankings. Jackson State University leads the way at No. 47 among the state's eight public universities, while Mississippi State University comes in at No. 96 and the University of Mississippi ranks No. 196.
Dr. Shahid Karim, associate professor of biological sciences at The University of Southern Mississippi, has received a three-year grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to study the disease-transmitting agents present in ticks and other blood-feeding anthropod vectors.
The department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at The University of Southern Mississippi has just wrapped up the fifth successful year of project SEED, a high school mentoring program.
Six years ago, Mississippi schools were given a mandate to provide healthy living initiatives to thousands of students statewide. And now, a recent study shows that message may be getting through to the state's youngest students.
Since 2003, Dr. Jerome Kolbo, with the University of Southern Mississippi's College of Health, and a team of researchers have looked at obesity rates among students in Mississippi. For the first time ever, obesity rates are declining for elementary-aged students.
The University of Southern Mississippi's Center for Logistics, Trade and Transportation (CLTT) recently received a Gary LaGrange Endowment that will be used to support the Center's activities and mission.
The Manufacturing Extension Partnership of Mississippi (MEP.ms) has announced that The Mississippi Polymer Institute provided outstanding technical assistance to four Mississippi-based manufacturing companies, yielding $2.9M in direct financial impact during the 2012 fiscal year.
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Time for School Sticker Book
- Overview
By using stickers to replace key words in this amusing story, young children learn in a friendly way about unfamiliar situations. Once all the stickers are placed, the story can be read over and over again, as children enjoy the story they helped "write" and build their vocabulary.
- 8" wide x 10.5" high
- 16 pages.
- Stickers included.
- Ages 2 and up.
- Dimensions & Care
- Wipe with a soft, dry cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
View Our Shipping Information
Return Policy
At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
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For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
For assistance, please contact Customer Service at 800.993.4923, 7 days a week, 5:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m. PST.
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Hephaestus (Vulcan)
Your Field Guide to Spotting Hephaestus (Vulcan)
You're looking for Hephaestus, huh? Well, he's not too hard to pick out of a crowd. Not to be rude or anything, but he's kind of an ugly guy. Compared to the other gods, he's short and hunched over, and he walks with a limp. As a blacksmith, though, he's super buff. You won't be able to miss this god's muscles. You should really swing by Hephaestus' forge and go have a talk with him. He's a good guy and, well... he doesn't exactly have a lot of friends.
Physical Description
Sex: Male
Age: Middle aged
Build: Short, muscular, hunched over
Complexion: Pale, though sometimes a bit covered in soot
Hair Color: Brown, black, or gray
Facial Hair: A full beard
Scars/Marks/Tattoos: Burns, soot stains, and a lame foot
Jewelry and Accessories: Rarely seen without his blacksmith hammer and anvil
Clothing: Loincloth
Armor: Though he makes armor, he doesn't wear it; armor gets in the way of his work
Type of Weapon: Hammer, axe
Typical Companions
- Cyclopes
- Automatons (clockwork robots)
- His wife, Aphrodite
- Eros (Cupid), Aphrodite's son
Known Hangouts
- The Forge a.k.a. his blacksmith workshop
- Lemnos, a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, where he lived after Hera cast him off; Hephaestus made the island his second home and has his forge here under a volcano
- Automotive factories, Detroit
- Near volcanoes (everyone likes an excuse to visit Hawaii)


text:
- Report: #343530
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Complaint Review: Numa Financial
Numa Financial331 Page St. Suite 1 Stoughton, Massachusetts U.S.A.
Numa Financial Group One huge scam Stoughton Massachusetts
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Saudi Arabia's Prince Alwaleed has topped the Arabian Business Power 500 for the ninth consecutive year.
The Kingdom Holding chairman took pole position in the Arabian Business annual countdown of the world's most influential Arabs – just ahead of Emirates Airline chairman Sheikh Ahmed.
See the full list of the world's 500 most powerful Arabs here.
The Olympic double gold champion Mo Farah was the highest ranked new entry in third place, one slot ahead of Emaar boss Mohamed Alabbar. Twitter's operations chief Mazen Rawashdeh was the second highest new entry at number five.
The top ten featured five new entries, with heart surgeon Daoud Hanania in eighth place, with Soros fund boss Abbas Zuwaiter at number ten.
The 2013 list featured a record 155 new entries, and also a record 118 women – the highest ranked being 12th place Sheikha Lubna.
The UAE accounted for most places on the list with 102 people based in the country, though ranked by origin, Saudi Arabia came top with 84 entries.
Banking and Finance dominated the list with 93 entries, followed by Culture & Society accounting for 73 entries.
See pictures of the world's most powerful Arabs here.
Ed Atwood, Editor of Arabian Business, said: "Once again we have produced what we believe to be the most comprehensive guide ever to Arab influence. We have Arabs living in a record 36 different countries making this year's list, from all walks of life. This list is a celebration of the great work and contribution of Arabs all over the globe."
Disclaimer:The view expressed here by our readers are not necessarily shared by Arabian Business, its employees, sponsors or its advertisers.
Please post responsibly. Commenter Rules
amazing, admirable leadership, and the driving force behind Dubai greatness and I am sure the best is yet to come and the sky is Dubai's limit.
In other news Turkeys say they won't be voting for Xmas this year moreTuesday, 30 August 2016 1:43 PM - EdJ
This wouldn't have anything to do with the empty offices HH found on Sunday, would it? moreTuesday, 30 August 2016 3:57 PM - Doug
Here's an article for whomever still believes that Dubai has any sort of professionalism left in corporate workplaces:
http://www.arabianbusiness... more
This article should have been titled 'Dubai Pearl developer clams up!'
The Chinese investors dodged a bullet when they said (in a Scottish accent)... more
amazing, admirable leadership, and the driving force behind Dubai greatness and I am sure the best is yet to come and the sky is Dubai's limit.
Here's an article for whomever still believes that Dubai has any sort of professionalism left in corporate workplaces:
http://www.arabianbusiness... more
I wonder if fox et all would bother to high light the 3 billion tax payers dollars given to Israel each year which is investing it in illegal jewish settlements... moreFriday, 12 August 2016 9:08 AM - danoj
Have lived in dubai 11 years now and 2009 saw a lot leave but right now have had 60% plus of friends that have been here as long if not longer than us... moreTuesday, 16 August 2016 10:21 AM - James