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Yesterday, The Register published what it claims is the story that led GCHQ to destroy the Guardian's hard drives: the location of a key GCHQ base in the Middle East and its relationships with British Telecom and Vodaphone.
While the BT/Vodaphone details are worth clicking through to read, I'm particularly interested in the focus on the base in Oman. (See an interactive map of the cable landings here.)
The secret British spy base is part of a programme codenamed "CIRCUIT" and also referred to as Overseas Processing Centre 1 (OPC-1). It is located at Seeb, on the northern coast of Oman, where it taps in to various undersea cables passing through the Strait of Hormuz into the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Seeb is one of a three site GCHQ network in Oman, at locations codenamed "TIMPANI", "GUITAR" and "CLARINET". TIMPANI, near the Strait of Hormuz, can monitor Iraqi communications. CLARINET, in the south of Oman, is strategically close to Yemen.
British national telco BT, referred to within GCHQ and the American NSA under the ultra-classified codename "REMEDY", and Vodafone Cable (which owns the former Cable & Wireless company, aka "GERONTIC") are the two top earners of secret GCHQ payments running into tens of millions of pounds annually.
The Brits would have you believe — and I have no reason to doubt them — that this cable landing in Oman is one of the key points in their surveillance infrastructure.
I raise this because of a cable listing the globe's critical infrastructure — and fearmongering surrounding it — that Chelsea Manning leaked to Wikileaks. As I noted at the time, while the cable lists a slew of cable landings as critical infrastructure sites — including the Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing in Dublin, which gets mentioned in the Register story — it does not list a single cable landing site in the Middle East.
Bab al-Mendeb: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node
'Ayn Sukhnah-SuMEd Receiving Import Terminal
'Sidi Kurayr-SuMed Offloading Export Terminal
Suez Canal
Strait of Hormuz
Khark (Kharg) Island Sea Island Export Terminal
Khark Island T-Jetty
Al-Basrah Oil Terminal
Rafael Ordnance Systems Division, Haifa, Israel: Critical to Sensor Fused Weapons (SFW), Wind Corrected Munitions Dispensers (WCMD), Tail Kits, and batteries
Mina' al Ahmadi Export Terminal
Strait of Gibraltar
Maghreb-Europe (GME) gas pipeline, Morocco
Strait of Hormuz
Ras Laffan Industrial Center: By 2012 Qatar will be the largest source of imported LNG to U.S.
Saudi Arabia:
Abqaiq Processing Center: Largest crude oil processing and stabilization plant in the world
Al Ju'aymah Export Terminal: Part of the Ras Tanura complex
As Saffaniyah Processing Center
Qatif Pipeline Junction
Ras at Tanaqib Processing Center
Ras Tanura Export Terminal
Shaybah Central Gas-oil Separation Plant
Trans-Med Gas Pipeline
United Arab Emirates (UAE):
Das Island Export Terminal
Jabal Zannah Export Terminal
Strait of Hormuz
Bab al-Mendeb: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node
Note, Bahamas' telecom, which recent reporting has also noted is critical to NSA's spying, also gets no mention.
That's not surprising in the least. The cable (and the list) is classified Secret. NSA and GCHQ's prime collection points are (as the Register notes) classified several levels above Top Secret.
And while the list provided some indication of what sites were significant by their absence, it's likely that the sites that were listed were the relatively unimportant sites.
At trial, Manning's lawyers repeatedly point out that she had chosen not to leak stuff from JWICS, which would be classified at a higher level. The stuff she leaked, which she got on SIPRNET, was by definition less sensitive stuff.
I don't mean to suggest this reflects on the relative value of what either Edward Snowden or Chelsea Manning leaked. I think it is a good indication, though, of how unfounded a lot of the fear mongering surrounding this particular leaked cable was.
Noted FOIA terrorist Jason Leopold liberated a copy of the Defense Intelligence Agency's damage assessment about Edward Snowden's leaks (story, document).
The report, as anticipated, doesn't appear to talk about actual damage DOD has suffered. Instead, it appears to talk about the damage that might happen if the information that has been "compromised" (that is, accessed by Snowden's scraper) actually gets released.
But we can't really tell because the report is heavily redacted (the screen shot here and the top of the first page is the most intact section of the report).
Which is odd, given that — as Shane Harris reported in January (and I noted here) — the Administration declassified some of this report so it could be leaked to discredit Snowden.
A congressional staffer who is familiar with the report's findings said that the lawmakers chose to make some of its contents public in order to counter what they see as a false impression of Snowden as a principled whistleblower who disclosed abuses of power.
"Snowden has been made out by some people to be a hero. What we need to do is really look at the effect of his leaks and see that what he's done is really harm our country and put citizens at risk. The purpose [of releasing some findings] is to clear the record and show that he's not a hero," the staffer told Foreign Policy.
The staffer said that the administration approved the information that the lawmakers disclosed in advance.
Which makes the timing of this even weirder. It took the Administration no more than 23 days to provide the report to Mike Rogers and Dutch Ruppersberger and then approve the language they went on to blab.
But it has taken DOD around 4 months — and a lawsuit — for Leopold to get what little he got.
And, as he mentions in his story, he hasn't even gotten the information that must be among the information okayed for blabbing
Here's the information (italicized) that must have been okayed for blabbing.
A Pentagon review has concluded that the disclosure of classified documents taken by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden could "gravely impact" America's national security and risk the lives of U.S. military personnel, and that leaks to journalists have already revealed sources and methods of intelligence operations to America's adversaries. At least, that's how two members of Congress who have read the classified report are characterizing its findings. But the lawmakers — who are working in coordination with the Obama administration and are trying to counter the narrative that Snowden is a heroic whistleblower — offered no specific examples to substantiate their claims.
In harsh language that all but accused Snowden of treason, the top members of the House Intelligence Committee said the report shows that Snowden downloaded "1.7 million intelligence files," which they described as "the single largest theft of secrets in the history of the United States."
While the phrase "will have a GRAVE impact on U.S. national defense" [caps original] is unredacted in the report, neither the number — 1.7 million intelligence files" — nor the superlative claim — "the single largest theft of secrets in the history of the US" — appears unredacted in Leopold's version of the report.
That is, either Rogers and Ruppersberger made that shit up. Or the Obama Administration is selectively declassifying again.
And taking their sweet time to do so.
As I noted some weeks ago, the judge in EPIC's FOIA for materials on the investigation into supporters of WikiLeaks asked for an update. The government provided that update last night.
It said it still must withhold all documents responsive to EPIC's FOIA because two investigations pertaining to WikiLeaks are ongoing: Chelsea Manning's appeal, and the investigation into WikiLeaks proper.
There are at least two separate categories of "enforcement proceedings" relevant to defendants' Exemption 7(A) analysis, and those two separate categories of law enforcement proceedings are progressing on different tracks. One set consists of those enforcement proceedings directly related to the military prosecution of Army Pfc. Manning, which falls within the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense ("DoD"). Since this case was originally briefed, Manning was tried and convicted by a military court, as noted above. The court-martial remains ongoing, in the appellate phase.
The second type of enforcement proceeding, generally, is the DOJ's civilian criminal/national security investigation(s) into the unauthorized disclosure of classified information that was published on the WikiLeaks website. The investigation of the unauthorized disclosure is a multi-subject investigation and is still active and ongoing. While there have been developments in the investigation over the last year, the investigation generally remains at the investigative stage. It is this second category of enforcement proceeding that is actually more central to defendants' Exemption 7(A) withholdings in this case.
Note, DOJ says the investigation is "multi-subject." Further, it describes it as an "civilian criminal/national security" investigation.
It's worth noting that the sealed declaration providing more detail on the investigation comes from Mark Bradley, in DOJ's National Security Division, not from FBI. (I take my observation that the sealed declaration is from Bradley back: the motion is inconsistent on whom the sealed declaration is from. While the table on page 4 lists Bradley, it says the declaration is from FBI. The reference to a fourth declaration from David Hardy on page 9 suggests the declaration is from him.)
I'll have a bit more to say about this later.
Update: One more observation: the description says there are "at least two" separate categories, suggesting there may be still another investigative matter.
As I noted in this post, the declaration submitted in EFF's FOIA for Section 215 by ODNI's Jennifer Hudson is remarkably revealing. I'm particularly intrigued by these comments about the financial dragnet order released on March 28.
A FISC Supplemental Order in BR 10-82, dated November 23, 2010 and consisting of two pages, has been withheld in part to protect certain classified and law enforcement sensitive information. The case underlying BR 10-82 is an FBI counterterrorism investigation of a specific target. That investigation is still pending. Here, in the course of a pending counterterrorism investigation, the FBI sought authorization under the FISA to obtain financial records, under the FISA's business records provision, pertaining to the target of the investigation and in fact obtained such authorization.
Here, in the course of a pending counterterrorism investigation, the FBI sought authorization under the FISA to obtain certain financial records. The FISC Supplemental Order, which was issued in relation to its authorization for such collection, was thus compiled for law enforcement purposes, in furtherance of a national security investigation within the FBI's authorized law enforcement duties.
Here, the FBI has determined that the release of the final paragraph of the order, which describes certain requirements reflecting the FBI's particular implementation of the authority granted by the FISC, could reasonably be expected to adversely impact the pending investigation and any resulting prosecutions. Release of this paragraph would reveal the specific and unique implementation requirements imposed on the FBI under this FISA-authorized collection during a particular time period. It is unclear what and how much the target might already know about the FBI's investigation. However, as more fully explained in my classified ex parte, in camera declaration, there is reason to believe that the target or others knowledgeable about the nature and timing of the investigation could piece together this information, the docket number, the dates of the collection, and other information which has already been released or deduced to assemble a picture that would reveal to the target that the target was the subject of a particular type of intelligence collection during a specific time period, and by extension, that the target's associates during that period may have been subject to similar intelligence collections. This could lead the target to deduce the scope, focus, and direction of the FBI's investigative efforts, and potentially any gaps in the collections, from which the target could deduce times when the target's activities were "safe." [my emphasis]
The bolded section says that certain people — the target, but also "others knowledgeable about the nature and timing of the investigation" — could put the financial dragnet request together with other information released or deduced to figure out that the target and his associates had had their financial data collected.
Gosh, that's like waving a flag at anyone who might be "knowledgeable about the nature of the investigation."
What counterterrorism investigation has generated sufficient attention such that not only the target, but outsiders, would recognize this order pertains the investigation in question? The investigation would be:
The CIA & etc. Money Order Orders
One obvious possibility is the generalized CIA investigation into Western Union and international money transfers reported by WSJ and NYT last year. While both stories said the CIA got these orders, I suggested it likely that FBI submitted the orders and disseminated the information as broadly as FBI's information sharing rules allowed, not least because CIA has no analytical advantage on such orders, as NSA would have for the phone dragnet.
There are two reasons this is unlikely. First, there's the timing. The WSJ version of the story, at least, suggested this had been going on some time, before 2010. If that's the case, then there's no reason to believe a new order in 2010 reviewed this issue. And while I don't think the 2010 order necessarily indicates the first financial 215 order (after all, it took 2.5 years before FISC weighed the equivalent question in the phone dragnet), it is unlikely that this order comes from an existing program.
That's true, too, because this seems to be tied to a specific investigation, rather than the enterprise counterterrorism investigation that underlies the phone dragnet (and presumably the CIA program). So while this practice generated enough attention to be the investigation, I doubt it is.
The Scary Car Broker Plot
Then there's what I call the Scary Car Broker Plot, which I wrote about here. Basically, it's a giant investigation into drug trafficking from Colombia through Western Africa that contributes some money to Hezbollah and therefore has been treated as a terror terror terror investigation when in reality it is a drug investigation. Treasury named Ayman Joumaa, the ultimate target of that investigation, a Specially Designated Trafficker in February 2011, so presumably the investigation was very active in November 2010, when FISC issued the order. The case's domestic component involves the car broker businesses of a slew of (probably completely innocent) Lebanese-Americans, who did business with the larger network via wire transfers.
The Car Buyers also received wire transfers for the purpose of buying and shipping used cars from other account holders at the Lebanese Banks ("Additional Transferors"), including the OFAC-designated Phenicia Shipping (Offshore); Ali Salhab and Yasmin Shipping & Trading; Fadi Star and its owners, Mohammad Hammoud and Fadi Hammoudi Fakih for General Trade, Khodor Fakih, and Ali Fakih; and Youssef Nehme.
Perhaps most interesting, the government got at these businessmen by suing them, rather than charging them, which raised significant Fifth Amendment Issues. So between that tactic and Joumaa's rather celebrated status, I believe this is a possible case. And the timing — from 2007 until 2011, when Joumaa got listed — would certainly make sense.
All that said, this aspect of the investigation was made public in the suit naming the car brokers, so FBI would be hard-pressed to claim that providing more details would compromise the investigation.
HSBC's Material Support for Terrorism
Then there's a very enticing possibility: that this is an investigation into HSBC for its material support for terrorism, in the form of providing cash dollars to the al Rajhi bank which went on to support terrorist attacks (including 9/11).
HSBC's wrist slap for money laundering is one of the most noted legal atrocities in recent memory, but most people focus on the bank's role laundering money for drug cartels. Yet as I've always emphasized, HSBC also played a key role in providing money to al Qaeda-related terrorists.
As the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations' report made clear, HSBC's material support for terror continued until 2010.
After the 9-11 terrorist attack in 2001, evidence began to emerge that Al Rajhi Bank and some of its owners had links to financing organizations associated with terrorism, including evidence that the bank's key founder was an early financial benefactor of al Qaeda. In 2005, HSBC announced internally that its affiliates should sever ties with Al Rajhi Bank, but then reversed itself four months later, leaving the decision up to each affiliate. HSBC Middle East, among other HSBC affiliates, continued to do business with the bank.
Due to terrorist financing concerns, HBUS closed the correspondent banking and banknotes accounts it had provided to Al Rajhi Bank. For nearly two years, HBUS Compliance personnel resisted pressure from HSBC personnel in the Middle East and United States to resume business ties with Al Rajhi Bank. In December 2006, however, after Al Rajhi Bank threatened to pull all of its business from HSBC unless it regained access to HBUS' U.S. banknotes program, HBUS agreed to resume supplying Al Rajhi Bank with shipments of U.S. dollars. Despite ongoing troubling information, HBUS provided nearly $1 billion in U.S. dollars to Al Rajhi Bank until 2010, when HSBC decided, on a global basis, to exit the U.S. banknotes business. HBUS also supplied U.S. dollars to two other banks, Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. and Social Islami Bank, despite evidence of links to terrorist financing. Each of these specific cases shows how a global bank can pressure its U.S. affiliate to provide banks in countries at high risk of terrorist financing with access to U.S. dollars and the U.S. financial system. [my emphasis]
Now, the timing may match up here, and I'd really love for a bankster to be busted for supporting terrorism. Plus, an ongoing investigation into this part of HSBC's crimes might explain why Lanny Breuer said nothing about it when he announced the settlement with HSBC. But I doubt this is the investigation. That's because former Treasury Undersecretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Stuart Levey moved to HSBC after this point in time, in large part in a thus-far futile attempt to try to clean up the bank. And I can't imagine a lawyer could ethically take on this role while (presumably) knowing about such seizures. Moreover, as the PSI report made clear, there are abundant other ways to get at the kind of data at issue in the HSBC investigation without Section 215 orders.
Who am I kidding? This DOJ won't ever really investigate a bank!
WikiLeaks the Aider of Al Qaeda
I realize these three possibilities do not exhaust the list of sufficiently significant and sufficiently old terrorism investigations that might be the target named in the order. So I'm happy to hear other possibilities.
But there is one other investigation that is a near perfect fit for almost all the description provided by Hudson: WikiLeaks.
As I've reported, EPIC sued to enforce a FOIA for records the FBI has on investigations into WikiLeaks supporters. The FOIA asked for and FBI did not deny having, among other things, financial records.
All records of any agency communications with financial services companies including, but not limited to Visa, MasterCard, and PayPal, regarding lists of individuals who have demonstrated, through monetary donations or other means, support or interest in WikiLeaks.
In addition to withholding information that they apparently have because of an ongoing investigation (though the Judge has required the government to confirm it is still ongoing by April 25), the government also claimed exemption under a statute that they bizarrely refused to name. I speculated four months before Edward Snowden's leaks that that statute was Section 215.
And the timing on this investigation is a perfect fit. On November 3, 2010, Joint Terrorism Task Force Officer Darin Louck seized David House's computer as he came across the border from Mexico. While House refused to give the government his encryption passwords, the seizure makes it clear FBI was targeting WikiLeaks supporters. Then, according Alexa O'Brien, on November 21, 2010, a report on the upcoming Cablegate release was included in President Obama's Daily Brief. The government spent the weeks leading up to the first releases in Cablegate on November 28, 2010 scrambling to understand what might be in them. On December 4, PayPal started refusing donations to WikiLeaks. And on December 6, Eric Holder stated publicly he had authorized extraordinary investigative measures "just last week."
Nor would he say whether the actions involved search warrants, requests under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which authorizes wiretaps or other means, describing them only as "significant."
"I authorized just last week a number of things to be done so that we can, hopefully, get to the bottom of this and hold people accountable as they should be," he said.
December 6 was a Monday and technically Tuesday, November 23 would have been 2 weeks earlier, just 2 days before Thanksgiving. But a Section 215 order doesn't require AG approval, and indeed, dragnet orders often generate leads for more intrusive kinds of surveillance.
Moreover, according to Hudson's declaration, this order did precisely what EPIC's FOIA seems to confirm FBI did, investigate not just Julian Assange, but also his associates (also known as supporters), including WikiLeaks donors.
The only thing — and it is a significant thing — that would suggest this guess is wrong is Hudson's description of this as a "counterterrorism" investigation and not a "counterespionage" investigation (which is how Holder was discussing it in December 2010).
But that doesn't necessarily rule WikiLeaks out. As noted above, already by early November 2010, the FBI had JTTF agents involved in the investigation. And central to the government's failed claim that Chelsea Manning had aided the enemy was that she had made the Afghan war logs available knowing (from the DIA report she accessed) that the government worried about al Qaeda accessing such things, and that some Afghan war logs were found at Osama bin Laden's compound. So the government clearly has treated its WikiLeaks investigation as a counterterrorism investigation.
Moreover, all Hudson's declaration claims is that the government currently considers this a counterterrorism investigation. Section 215 can be used for counterintelligence investigations (as I've noted over and over). Since the Osama bin Laden raid revealed al Qaeda had accessed cables, the government has maintained that it does involve al Qaeda. So it may be that Hudson's reference to the investigation as a counterterrorism investigation only refers to its current status, and not the status used to obtain the order in 2010.
That said, Hudson also provided a classified version of her statement to Judge Yvonne Gonzales Rogers, and I can't imagine she'd try to pitch the WikiLeaks case as a counterterrorism one if a judge actually got to check her work. But you never know!
It's likely that I'm forgetting a very obviously publicly known counterterrorism investigation.
But I think it possible that either the Scary Car Broker plot or WikiLeaks is the target named in the order.
Back in 2011, the Electronic Privacy Information Center sued to enforce a FOIA for documents on FBI's investigation of WikiLeaks supporters. In response, the government cited an ongoing investigation exemption. But they also cited a statutory exemption, claiming some law prevented them from releasing the records on investigations into WikiLeaks supporters. Unusually, DOJ refused to name the law in question. For that reason, and because my suspicions of how Section 215 gets used suggested it would make a spectacular tool for investigating a group of WikiLeaks supporters, I suggested that the statute was likely Section 215.
Since then, we've seen indications of NSA involvement in the investigation into WikiLeaks, though without any details from before EPIC's FOIA.
And until March 11, that's where things stood, with the government claiming it couldn't release records about its investigation into completely innocent supporters of a publishing outlet and the judge (who had been newly assigned to the case in April 2013) doing nothing with the government's motion for summary judgement.
On March 11, however, Judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein ordered DOJ and EPIC to submit briefs updating her on the status of the investigation into WikiLeaks and with it the government's ongoing investigation exemption, but not its claimed statutory exemption.
The Court takes judicial notice that events have transpired during that time that may cause the government's position to to have changed. Therefore, the Court instructs the government to update its position regarding Plaintiff's FOIA request, particularly with respect to the government's invocation of exemption 7(A).
The language of her order suggests two things. First, if Rothstein is asking whether the 7(A) ongoing investigation exemption remains active, it suggests she's may not accept the government's statutory exemption 3 to completely withhold these documents. And she doesn't say what the "events" that "have transpired" are, but it's probably not any developments in the WikiLeaks investigation, as that's what she says she doesn't know. That makes it likely the Snowden leaks and related official disclosures have made the exemption 3, the basis for which she knows about from classified declarations, moot.
That's all tea leaf reading. And even if I've read the tea leaves correctly, it doesn't mean I'm right about Section 215. After all, back door searches on collection targeted at Julian Assange (who, as a foreign citizen and alleged spy, would be a legal target under Section 702 or even generally) would be a useful investigation into WikiLeaks supporters as well, though there's abundant reason to believe dragnet queries serve as the basis for back door searches. Still, I think it's likely that something that has been released and declassified since last April has mooted the government's secret statutory claims.
The government, having sat on Judge Rothstein's April 11 deadline from March 11 until Tuesday, is now stalling for time. (h/t JG; links to come shortly) On Tuesday, the lawyer who inherited this case claimed she has another case that prevents her from writing 10 pages on the status of the WikiLeaks investigation. But also that she needs more time to consult with the "defendant agencies."
In addition, the draft supplemental brief will require review within the Department of Justice and defendant agencies before it may be filed.
EPIC's not buying it, citing from the judge's previous orders warning against extensions and stating clearly that business in other matters is not a good excuse. EPIC also described DOJ's sleazy post-business hours effort to provide notice. and noted this is precisely the kind of thing Judge Rothstein had said would get a motion summarily denied.
Ms. Zeidner Marcus also did not timely notify Plaintiff's counsel of her plans to file this Motion for Extension of Time. Ms. Zeidner Marcus first contacted Ms. McCall on April 8, 2014, the date that the filing was due, after ordinary business hours. Ms. Zeidner Marcus first emailed Ms. McCall on April 8, 2014 at 5:01 PM and followed up at approximately 5:30 PM that day with a telephone call. This did not give Ms. McCall sufficient time to consider Ms. Zeidner Marcus' request or to consult with Ms. McCall's co-counsel ,Mr. Rotenberg, regarding that request. Ms. Zeidner Marcus then filed her Motion for Extension of Time at 11:23 PM on the same day (April 8, 2014).
To which DOJ responded by accusing EPIC of filing an "improper" FOIA.
This case involves plaintiff's attempts to improperly use the Freedom of Information Act to seek information about ongoing criminal investigations.
Remember, the underlying issue here is that DOJ shouldn't be investigating innocent supporters of a publishing outlet. But DOJ believes trying to learn how and why they are doing so is an improper FOIA.
Meanwhile, DOJ sources admitted last November that they can't really charge Assange without charging the NYT as well.
Justice officials said they looked hard at Assange but realized that they have what they described as a "New York Times problem." If the Justice Department indicted Assange, it would also have to prosecute the New York Times and other news organizations and writers who published classified material, including The Washington Post and Britain's Guardian newspaper, according to the officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations.
Which, I guess, explains the rudeness and urgent need for one more month. Because if the government loses both its ongoing investigation and its statutory exemptions, they might have to explain why they used national security tools against people exercising free speech.
Update: The Judge gave the government half the extension they requested, to April 25.
In light of the fact that the motion was not timely filed and that press of business is not an adequate reason for an extension, the Court will not grant the request for a thirty day extension. Instead, the Court will grant an extension to and including April 25, 2014. Plaintiff's opposition shall be filed on or before May 12, 2014. The reply shall be file on or before May 19, 2014. In the future, the Court expects the parties to comply with the terms of the Standing Order in this case.
In accepting the Sam Adams prize, Chelsea Manning raised the ACLU/NYT lawsuits for the OLC memo authorizing the killing of Anwar al-Awlaki. (h/t Kevin Gosztola)
In doing so, she borrows an argument about separation of power and secrecy Judge Colleen McMahon made in her opinion on the FOIA.
Here's McMahon:
As they gathered to draft a Constitution for their newly liberated country, the Founders – fresh from a war of independence from the rule of a King they styled a tyrant- were fearful of concentrating power in the hands of any single person or institution, and most particularly in the executive. That concern was described by James Madison in Federalist No. 47 (1788):
The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, selfappointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny ….
The magistrate in whom the whole executive power resides cannot of himself … administer justice in person, though he has the appointment of those who do administer it.
The Framers — who were themselves susceptible to being hanged as traitors by the King of England during the Revolutionary War — were as leery of accusations of treason as they were of concentrating power in the hands of a single person or institution. As a result, the Constitution accords special protections to those accused of the most heinous of capital crimes; Article 3, Sec. 3 sets the procedural safeguard that, "No Person shall be convicted of treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court."
Interestingly, the Treason Clause appears in the Article of the Constitution concerning the Judiciary — not in Article 2, which defines the powers of the Executive Branch. This suggests that the Founders contemplated that traitors would be dealt with by the courts of law, not by unilateral action of the Executive. As no less a constitutional authority than Justice Antonin Scalia noted, in his dissenting opinion in Hamdi, 542 U.S. at 554, "Where the Government accuses a citizen of waging war against it, our constitutional tradition has been to prosecute him in federal court for treason or some other crime."
Here's Manning:
The founders of America – fresh from a war of independence from King George lll – were particularly fearful of concentrating power. James Madison wrote that "the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."(1)
When drafting Article III of the American Constitution, the founders were rather leery of accusations of treason, and accorded special protections for those accused of such a capital offense, providing that "[n]o person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court."
For those of you familiar with the American Constitution, you may notice that this provision is under the Article concerning the Judiciary, Article III, and not the Legislative or Executive Articles, I and II respectively. And, historically, when the American government accuses an American of such crimes, it has prosecuted them in a federal criminal court.
After having repeated McMahon's lesson on the checks our Founders gave Article III courts over the President, Manning described how frustrated McMahon was in not being able to release the OLC memo to ACLU and NYT.
In a recent Freedom of Information Act case(2) – a seemingly Orwellian "newspeak" name for a statute that actually exempts categories of documents from release to the public – a federal district court judge ruled against the New York Times and the American Civil Liberties Union. The Times and the ACLU argued that documents regarding the practice of "targeted killing" of American citizens, such as the radical Sunni cleric Anwar Nasser al-Aulaqi were in the public's interest and were being withheld improperly.
The government first refused to acknowledge the existence of the documents, but later argued that their release could harm national security and were therefore exempt from disclosure. The court, however, felt constrained by the law and "conclud[ed] that the Government [had] not violated the FOIA by refusing to turn over the documents sought in the FOIA requests, and [could not] be compelled . . . to explain in detail the reasons why [the Government's] actions do not violate the Constitution and laws of the United States."
However, the judge also wrote candidly about her frustration with her sense that the request "implicate[d] serious issues about the limits on the power of the Executive Branch under the Constitution and laws of the United States," and that the Presidential "Administration ha[d] engaged in public discussion of the legality of targeted killing, even of [American] citizens, but in cryptic and imprecise ways." In other words, it wasn't that she didn't think that the public didn't have a right to know – it was that she didn't feel that she had the "legal" authority to compel disclosure.
Against that background, Manning notes that she was charged with treasonable offense, and wonders whether under the Awlaki precedent she could have been drone killed, just like Awlaki.
I was accused by the Executive branch, and particularly the Department of Defense, of aiding the enemy – a treasonable offense covered under Article III of the Constitution.
Granted, I received due process. I received charges, was arraigned before a military judge for trial, and eventually acquitted. But, the al-Aulaqi case raises a fundamental question: did the American government, and particularly the same President and Department, have the power to unilaterally determine my guilt of such an offense, and execute me at the will of the pilot of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle?
She then compares (I think, though the timing on this is perhaps understandably murky) the release of both the OLC memo and follow-up speeches — and its revelation of the powers claimed by the President — with her own releases.
Until documents held by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel were released after significant political pressure in mid-2013, I could not tell you. And, very likely, I do not believe I could speak intelligently of the Administration's policy on "targeted killing" today either.
There is a problem with this level of secrecy, obfuscation, and classification or protective marking, in that they supposedly protect citizens of their nation; yet, it also breeds a unilateralism that the founders feared, and deliberately tried to prevent when drafting the American Constitution. Now, we have a "disposition matrix," classified military commissions, and foreign intelligence and surveillance courts – modern Star Chamber equivalents.
I am now accepting this award, through my friend, former school peer, and former small business partner, Aaron, for the release of a video and documents that "sparked a worldwide dialogue about the importance of government accountability for human rights abuses," it is becoming increasingly clear to me that the dangers of withholding documents, legal interpretations, and court jurisprudence from the public that pertain to the right to "life, liberty, and property" of a state's citizens is as fundamental and important to protecting against such human rights abuses.
Of course, we still don't know what happened to Anwar al-Awlaki; the White Paper leaves many of the key details obscure. Even as the government prepares to execute another of its citizens.
But in comparing her own releases with the government's refusal to reveal precisely how they decided to execute an American with no due process, Manning points to where this has already gone.
And she makes a compelling case that the government's claims of secrecy cannot be trusted.
Two pieces of news on the government's investigation of WikIleaks came out yesterday.
At the Intercept, Glenn Greenwald reported:
Also yesterday, Alexa O'Brien reported (and contextualized with links back to her earlier extensive reporting):
Now, as O'Brien lays out in her post, at various times during the investigation of WikiLeaks, it has been called a Computer Fraud and Abuse investigation, an Espionage investigation, and a terrorism investigation.
Which raises the question why, long after DOJ had deemed the WikiLeaks case a national security case that under either the terrorism or Espionage designation would grant them authority to use tools like National Security Letters, they were still using subpoenas that were getting challenged and noticed to Appelbaum? Why, if they were conducting an investigation that afforded them all the gagged orders they might want, were they issuing subpoenas that ultimately got challenged and exposed?
Before you answer "parallel construction," lets reconsider something I've been mulling since the very first Edward Snowden disclosure: the secret authority DOJ and FBI (and potentially other agencies) used to investigate not just WikiLeaks, but also WikiLeaks' supporters.
Back in June 2011, EPIC FOIAed DOJ and FBI (but not NSA) for records relating to the government's investigation of WikiLeaks supporters.
EPIC's FOIA asked for information designed to expose whether innocent readers and supporters of WikiLeaks had been swept up in the investigation. It asked for:
- All records regarding any individuals targeted for surveillance for support for or interest in WikiLeaks;
- All records regarding lists of names of individuals who have demonstrated support for or interest in WikiLeaks;
- All records of any agency communications with Internet and social media companies including, but not limited to Facebook and Google, regarding lists of individuals who have demonstrated, through advocacy or other means, support for or interest in WikiLeaks; and
- All records of any agency communications with financial services companies including, but not limited to Visa, MasterCard, and PayPal, regarding lists of individuals who have demonstrated, through monetary donations or other means, support or interest in WikiLeaks. [my emphasis]
In their motion for summary judgment last February, DOJ said a lot of interesting things about the records-but-not-lists they might or might not have and generally subsumed the entire request under an ongoing investigation FOIA exemption.
Most interesting, however, is in also claiming that some statute prevented them from turning these records over to EPIC, they refused to identify the statute they might have been using to investigate WikiLeaks' supporters.
All three units at DOJ — as reflected in declarations from FBI's David Hardy, National Security Division's Mark Bradley, and Criminal Division's John Cunningham – claimed the files at issue were protected by statute.
None named the statute in question. All three included some version of this statement, explaining they could only name the statute in their classified declarations.
The FBI has determined that an Exemption 3 statute applies and protects responsive information from the pending investigative files from disclosure. However, to disclose which statute or further discuss its application publicly would undermine interests protected by Exemption 7(A), as well as by the withholding statute. I have further discussed this exemption in my in camera, ex parte declaration, which is being submitted to the Court simultaneously with this declaration
In fact, it appears the only reason that Cunningham submitted a sealed declaration was to explain his Exemption 3 invocation.
And then, as if DOJ didn't trust the Court to keep sealed declarations secret, it added this plaintive request in the motion itself.
Defendants respectfully request that the Court not identify the Exemption 3 statute(s) at issue, or reveal any of the other information provided in Defendants' ex parte and in camera submissions.
DOJ refuses to reveal precisely what EPIC seems to be seeking: what kind of secret laws it is using to investigate innocent supporters of WikiLeaks.
Invoking a statutory exemption but refusing to identify the statute was, as far as I've been able to learn, unprecedented in FOIA litigation.
The case is still languishing at the DC District.
I suggested at the time that the statute in question was likely Section 215; I suspected at the time they refused to identify Section 215 because they didn't want to reveal what Edward Snowden revealed for them four months later: that the government uses Section 215 for bulk collection.
While they may well have used Section 215 (particularly to collect records, if they did collect them, from Visa, MasterCard, and PayPal — but note FBI, not NSA, would have wielded the Section 215 orders in that case), they couldn't have used the NSA phone dragnet to identify supporters unless they got the FISC to approve WikiLeaks as an associate of al Qaeda (update: Or got someone at NSA's OGC to claim there were reasons to believe WikiLeaks was associated with al Qaeda). They could, however, have used Section 215 to create their own little mini WikiLeaks dragnet.
Yesterday, I noted NBC's report that GCHQ conducted a DDoS attack against Anonymous IRC chat.
There's a subtle point that deserves more attention: GCHQ presented the underlying Powerpoint to NSA's SIGDEV conference.
The documents, from a PowerPoint presentation prepared for a 2012 NSA conference called SIGDEV, show that the unit known as the Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group, or JTRIG, boasted of using the DDOS attack – which it dubbed Rolling Thunder — and other techniques to scare away 80 percent of the users of Anonymous internet chat rooms.
In the presentation on hacktivism that was prepared for the 2012 SIGDEV conference, one official working for JTRIG described the techniques the unit used to disrupt the communications of Anonymous and identify individual hacktivists, including some involved in Operation Payback. Called "Pushing the Boundaries and Action Against Hacktivism," the presentation lists Anonymous, Lulzsec and the Syrian Cyber Army among "Hacktivist Groups," says the hacktivists' targets include corporations and governments, and says their techniques include DDOS and data theft.
SIGDEV is NSA's term for the agency's efforts to develop new signals intelligence techniques and sources. Thus, GCHQ presented the attack as the cutting edge of what NSA does.
But remember: NSA's SIGDEV analysts have access to raw data outside of normal channels. This shows up repeatedly in the primary orders for the dragnet. And, as Bart Gellman noted (and I elaborated on here), Obama specifically exempted these folks from his Presidential Policy Directive limiting our spying (though his PPD did say foreigners could be spied on for cybersecurity reasons).
In other words, the people GCHQ boasted of their attack on Anonymous to are the people who have some of the least oversight within NSA.
One reason I harped on the way Ken Dilanian referred to the "official position" that hacking other governments was acceptable was because I suspected the government does what NBC just reported they do: engage in hacking against other targets, in this case, hackers like Anonymous.
[A] division of Government Communications Headquarters Communications (GCHQ), the British counterpart of the NSA, shut down communications among Anonymous hacktivists by launching a "denial of service" (DDOS) attack – the same technique hackers use to take down bank, retail and government websites – making the British government the first Western government known to have conducted such an attack.
As I noted on Twitter, the report that GCHQ targeted Anonymous should raise questions (that have already been raised) whether either GCHQ or NSA was behind the DDoS attack on noted publishing site WikiLeaks in 2010.
So the NSA (and GCHQ) believe some hacks are legitimate and some are not. But in addition, both are effectively asserting that the state should have a monopoly on hacking, just as it asserts a monopoly on violence. As some of the people involved have been commenting on Twitter, they got charged for DDoSing, even as the Brits were engaging in precisely the same behavior. Particularly troubling, there's no indication NSA or GCHQ believe they need warrants to exercise their monopoly on hacks against their own citizens (FBI has in the past gotten a warrant to bring down a botnet, so there is precedent).
Of course, therein lies part of the problem: that intelligence is bleeding into law enforcement, and the tools of inter-state spying are being wielded against criminals (and dissidents).
None of this is surprising. It arises directly out of the way the government has gone after terrorists, and this treatment of an IRC channel is directly parallel to the same kind of guilt by association used against terrorists.
In a really worthy read, Bill Keller and Glenn Greenwald debate the future of journalism.
Sadly, however, in his first response to Keller's self-delusion of belonging to the journalistic tradition of "newspapers that put a premium on aggressive but impartial reporting[] that expect reporters and editors to keep their opinions to themselves," Greenwald seemed to cede that such journalism constitutes, "concealing one's subjective perspectives." That permitted Keller to continue his self-delusion that his journalism — at both the level of reporter and that reporter's larger institution — achieved that silence about opinions until they started fighting about the role of national allegiance and national security.
That argument developed this way.
Greenwald: Former Bush D.O.J. lawyer Jack Goldsmith in 2011 praised what he called "the patriotism of the American press," meaning their allegiance to protecting the interests and policies of the U.S. government. That may (or may not) be a noble thing to do, but it most definitely is not objective: it is quite subjective and classically "activist."
Keller: If Jack Goldsmith, the former Bush administration lawyer, had praised the American press for, in your words, "their allegiance to protecting the interests and policies of the U.S. government" then I would strongly disagree with him. We have published many stories that challenged the policies and professed interests of the government. But that's not quite what Goldsmith says. He says that The Times and other major news outlets give serious consideration to arguments that publishing something will endanger national security — that is, might get someone killed.
For what it's worth, I think Keller is clinging to the first thing Goldsmith said,
Glenn Greenwald complained that "the NYT knew about Davis' work for the CIA (and Blackwater) but concealed it because the U.S. Government told it to" (my emphasis). That is inaccurate. The government asked the Times not to publish, as it often does, and the Times agreed to the request, which it sometimes does. The final decision rested with the Times, which listens to the government's claims about national security harm and risk to individual lives, and then makes its own decision. The Timesdoes not, in my opinion, always exercise this discretion wisely.
And ignoring what Goldsmith went on to say,
I interviewed a dozen or so senior American national security journalists to get a sense of when and why they do or don't publish national security secrets. They gave me different answers, but they all agreed that they tried to avoid publishing information that harms U.S. national security with no corresponding public benefit. Some of them expressly ascribed this attitude to "patriotism" or "jingoism" or to being American citizens or working for American publications. This sense of attachment to country is what leads the American press to worry about the implications for U.S. national security of publication, to seek the government's input, to weigh these implications in the balance, and sometimes to self-censor. (This is a natural and prudent attitude in a nation with the fewest legal restrictions in the world on the publication of national security secrets, but one abhorred by critics like Greewald.) The Guardian, al Jazeera, and Wikileaks, by contrast, worry much less, if at all, about U.S. national security interests.
That is, Goldsmith noted both that at an institutional level US news outlets entertained the requests of the government, and that at a reportorial level, individuals prioritized US "national security."
And from there, Keller repeatedly ignored or dismissed the efforts Greenwald, in his Edward Snowden reporting, or WikiLeaks, in its Cablegate publications, made to protect lives of individuals.
It's not until Greenwald's response where he gets to the crux of the issue.
As for taking into account dangers posed to innocent life before publishing: nobody disputes that journalists should do this. But I don't give added weight to the lives of innocent Americans as compared to the lives of innocent non-Americans, nor would I feel any special fealty to the U.S. government as opposed to other governments when deciding what to publish. Continue reading


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This information enables us to identify the rooms that will best accommodate your party and to prepare for your arrival.
See room terms and details for information about rollaway and/or extra person charges.
Please note that at our hotel, guests 12 and under are considered children. All other guests are considered adults. You will be told of any hotel-specific differences in this policy on the following page.
The Sheraton Diana Majestic has long been the preferred rendezvous venue for international travelers and locals thanks to its stylish interior and expansive private garden which is totally unique in Milan.
Get inspired by our travel stories from local experts and plan your next trip to Italy.
You will always get the best available rate when you book on our site. If you find a lower rate prior to, or within 24 hours of, booking your hotel room, simply submit a Best Rate Guarantee Claim to us and we will honor that lower rate. Plus we'll give you an additional 20% discount off the Competing Rate; or 2,000 Starwood Preferred Guest® Starpoints®.
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Members-only benefits: Earn 3,000 bonus Starpoints plus 10% off when you book a suite.
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Book with us online and get these exclusive SPG® member benefits:
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Your hard work is about to pay off. With Sheraton Diana Majestic, Mialn SPG® Pro, you can earn Starpoints® for the travel you arrange for others and the meetings you plan professionally, right within your personal account.
All your SPG Pro benefits combine with what you earn for your personal stays, which means you earn rewards even faster. Just make sure to link your accounts or enroll at spg.com/pro.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Report: #717797
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Passport to travel
Passport to travel4802 Gunn Hwy. Ste. 158 Tampa, Florida United States of America
Passport to travel PTS Travel, paid for tickets never received Tampa, Florida
*UPDATE Employee: Vacation Station
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/15/2011 02:28 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Passport-to-travel/Tampa-Florida-33624/Passport-to-travel-PTS-Travel-paid-for-tickets-never-received-Tampa-Florida-717797. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 UPDATE Employee
Vacation Station
AUTHOR: truthfulfacts - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Monday, May 23, 2011POSTED: Monday, May 23, 2011
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
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Contribute to the Collection
Fonts in Use is a collaborative project. Create an account and submit your own work or other examples of typography.
Collab mirrors by Cali DeWitt and Misha Hollenbach2016
- Misha Hollenbach
- Cali DeWitt
Contributed by Florian Hardwig
Vanity Fair March 2016 stamps2016
- Nicolas Ménard
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Contributed by Étienne Aubert Bonn
Illustration for Error Messages, New York Times2015
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Untitled print by Jens Jørgen Hansen2015
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- bogtrykker
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Statement and Counter-Statement, Automatically Arranged Alphabets, and Arts/Rats/Star2015
- Experimental Jetset
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Illustration for What If You Just Hate Making Dinner2014
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24 Stunden in Dresden-Loschwitz2014
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The Hilarious House of Frightenstein fan t-shirtc. 2014
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Esquire: "The New American Center"2013
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text:
Spitting up is when a baby spits out breast milk, formula, or other food during or shortly after feeding. It is different from vomiting, which is forceful. Spitting up is effortless and does not seem to cause the baby any discomfort.
Some babies spit up for no reason. Other babies spit up because the valve at the top of the stomach does not close completely (reflux). Spitting up caused by reflux usually goes away as the baby gets older.
Frequent burping during feeding helps reduce the amount of spit-up. Also, keeping the baby upright for 30 minutes after feeding can help.
Spitting up usually happens less often when the baby is older than 4 months and starts eating solid food. Most babies stop spitting up by the age of 9 months.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical ReviewerSusan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics
Specialist Medical ReviewerJohn Pope, MD - Pediatrics
Current as ofNovember 14, 2014
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise


text:
Went from pending delete to this?
I don't want to poke at it in case it hasen't dropped completely yet,I don't want to raise any red flags.
What does this mean?
Sponsoring Registrar: DOMAINDISCOVER (DOMAINDISCOVER)
Status: null
Name Server: ns1.domaindiscover.com
Name Server: ns2.domaindiscover.com
Registrant ID: Unknown
Registrant Name: Unknown
Registrant Organization: Unknown
Registrant Street1: Unknown
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Registrant Street3: Unknown
Registrant City: Unknown
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Registrant Postal Code: Unknown
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Admin City: Unknown
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Admin Postal Code: Unknown
Admin Country: Unknown
Admin Phone: Unknown
Admin Fax: Unknown
Admin Email: Unknown


text:
Bowling Funeral Home Inc - Obituary Information telephone number is (606) 864-2323.
Telefax: No fax number available
Website: No web address available
Biz owner? Moderate reviews or edit listing.
Search entire category for Cremation
Cremation, in London, is the process of reducing a dead body to ashes by burning. It is usually done in a crematorium in London.
Governor Cuomo Announces 900 Solar Projects Underway Through 26 Community Solarize Campaigns Across The State
"Solarize" campaigns are encouraging homes and businesses throughout the state to install solar – State will support another 31 "Solarize" campaigns set to begin this spring (Long Island, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced that 900 solar projects are underway through 26 community "Solarize" campaigns across New York State. A component of the NY-Sun program and the Governor's comprehensive..


text:
about me
HELLO... My name is Sefu (pronounced: 'SEH foo').
I must confess… I've developed an insatiable appetite for growth and contribution. I'm fascinated with both the art + science of player development. And, my life's commitment is to continually seek out ways to make my teaching world-class.
It All Started With A Love Affair 25+ Years Ago
That's how long I've been desperately in love with her: Basketball.
I've played, studied and learned from many. I've also had a great run working in the front offices of four (4) professional sports organizations — the Toronto Raptors Basketball Club (NBA), Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL), Washington Mystics / Detroit Shock (WNBA) — and with Canada Basketball (FIBA). And, along the way, I've been gaining tons of valuable experience.
I coach, read, observe a lot and talk player development with a lot of solid minds. Their knowledge, when meshed with my own experiences, has given me a different viewpoint on basketball and excellence on and off the basketball court.
International Thinker
I travel a lot—and love it!
Originally from Toronto (Canada), home is Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands), but I was living in Asia the last few years.
No, I haven't swashbuckled with pirates, nor have I climbed Kilimanjaro. But I have travelled to many far away places, mostly in the name of basketball, giving me a unique global perspective. And I've made it my life's goal to be as creative and resourceful as possible towards everything I do. [Outside of my morning oatmeal, that is!]
Full Disclosure
I am a teacher-coach. Those two words are mutually inclusive as far as I'm concerned.
I'm results-driven, yet putting a round ball through a hoop is only one aspect of what I do (well). I believe deeply in character development, fostering life skills and the pursuit of excellence on and off the court.
I've been told my business acumen and leadership experience complement all the basketball stuff very well. (I think so too.)
Let's work together to change the trajectory of some people's lives. (If we can climb Kilimanjaro along the way, even better!).
Dig in to my portfolio or get in touch by email →
"...you set the benchmark for basketball development programs. Thank you for exemplifying our Vision and Values."
—Lawrence M. Tenenbaum, Chairman of the Board, Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment
"He opened my eyes to the little things that make the biggest difference in the world."
—Rashanda McCants, professional basketball player | WNBA 15th overall pick, University of North Carolina
"Sefu is an outstanding role model through his positive 'can do' attitude, tireless work ethic and the fact that he delivers high-quality programs in a high-quality manner."
—MLSE Player of the Month Nomination
"While Sefu was with the Shock, he demonstrated his ability to perform at a high standard. He showed enthusiasm and energy with his efforts, and he would be an asset to any program he is involved with."
—Nancy Lieberman | GM/Head Coach, WNBA Detroit Shock 1998-2000, Basketball Hall of Fame
I'm a sociable kinda guy.
I love quality connections. Check out a couple of my other homes online:
— You can always find me in theLLaBB
— Follow me on Twitter: @SefuBernard
— Let's connect on LinkedIn
— Get in our circle on Google+


text:
- WebMD Physician Directory of Harrisonburg Doctors
- Harrisonburg Emergency Contacts
- Nearby Harrisonburg Hospitals
- Find a Local Pharmacy on RxList - Harrisonburg
Harrisonburg Doctors and Specialists for Sexual Addiction
Sexual Addiction
Sexual addiction facts
- Sexual addiction is a condition that involves the sufferer becoming excessively preoccupied with thoughts or behaviors that give a desired sexual effect.
- More than 30 million people are thought to ...
Other Related Sexual Addiction Articles
Emergency Contact for Harrisonburg
- In case of Emergency, call 911
Nearby Harrisonburg Hospitals results
- 1Rockingham Memorial Hospital
2010 Health Campus Dr
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801
(540) 433-410
- 2Commonwealth Center
1355 Richmond Ave
Harrisonburg, Virginia 24401
(540) 332-210
- 3Western State Hospital
1301 Richmond Ave
Harrisonburg, Virginia 24401
(540) 332-800
- 4Woodrow Wilson Rehabilitation
243 Woodrow Wilson Ave
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22939
(540) 332-700
- 5Augusta Health
78 Medical Center Dr
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22939
(540) 932-400
- 6Page Memorial Hospital
200 Memorial Dr
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22835
(540) 743-456
- 7Kluge Children's Rehab Center
2270 Ivy Rd
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22903
(434) 924-516
- 8Healthsouth Rehabilitation Hosp
515 Ray C Hunt Dr
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22903
(434) 244-200
- 9University Of Virginia Med Ctr
1215 Lee St
Harrisonburg, Virginia 22908
(434) 924-000
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By using the WebMD Provider Directory, you agree to these Terms and Conditions.


text:
Facebook, Twitter, Kouandjio Headed to Tide
Posted: 02/05/2011 - According to his and his older brother Arie's facebook, the top tackle in the country is headed to Alabama.
Posted: 02/05/2011 - According to his and his older brother Arie's facebook, the top tackle in the country is headed to Alabama.
Posted: 02/04/2011 - If you're headed to a super bowl party this weekend be sure to take your smartphone.
Posted: 02/04/2011 - PALM BEACH GARDENS, Fla. (AP) - Highly recruited quarterback Jacoby Brissett says he'll enroll at Florida this fall.
Updated: 02/04/2011 - The 17th Annual Wiregrass Homerun Derby is set for Saturday in Rehobeth. Pro players Gabe Gross and Cody Johnson will take part. They'll swing against the top three high school players in the finals Saturday at 3:00 p.m.
Posted: 02/04/2011 - Georgia officials say school mascot UGA VIII has died after suffering from lymphoma.
Posted: 02/04/2011 - How would an on-campus stadium change the recruiting landscape in Alabama?
Posted: 02/04/2011 - Safety group cautions about football helmets
Posted: 02/04/2011 - 10 Alabama, Auburn players get combine invite
Posted: 02/03/2011 - AUBURN, Ala. (AP) - Cameron Tatum and Brian Williams each scored 15 points and Tennessee took advantage of a depleted Auburn frontcourt in a 69-56 victory over the Tigers on Thursday night.
Posted: 02/03/2011 - LEXINGTON, Ky. (AP) - Victoria Dunlap scored 10 points and had 10 rebounds to eclipse 1,000 for her career, and No. 17 Kentucky easily beat Auburn 69-38 on Thursday night.
Posted: 02/03/2011 - A FUN affordable golf program designed to get students ready to take their game to the golf course…the perfect program for those who want to determine if golf is the game for them.
Posted: 02/03/2011 - SEC school complains about Alabama Web cam
Updated: 02/03/2011 - Troy signed a quarterback out of Gardendale. Dallas Tidwell is 6'7", 200 lbs. He threw for more than 2300 yards with 19 touchdowns as a senior.
Updated: 02/03/2011 - Maryland offensive lineman Cyrus Kouandjio announced that he would sign with Auburn yesterday. But, soon after his national television announcement, the top offensive tackle in the country got cold feet.
Posted: 02/03/2011 - Big Ben takes linemen out for dinner
Posted: 02/03/2011 - Obama: 'I've got some love for the Steelers'
Posted: 02/03/2011 - Reminder: Selling or buying game online is illegal
Posted: 02/02/2011 - Unusually cold weather in Texas is putting a damper on Super Bowl festivities. An ice storm followed by a cold snap have left plenty of problems for fans and businesses.
Posted: 02/02/2011 - TROY, Ala. (AP) - Troy coach Larry Blakeney has signed 20 players, including nine linemen and seven junior college transfers.
Updated: 02/02/2011 - TUSCALOOSA, Ala. (AP) - Tony Mitchell scored 23 points to lead Alabama to a 75-61 victory over Mississippi State on Wednesday night.
Updated: 02/02/2011 - Patrick Claybon's 1 on 1 interview with Troy Football Coach Larry Blakeney.
Updated: 02/02/2011 - Alabama Coach Nick Saban's Signing Day News Conference.
Updated: 02/02/2011 - Here's extended coverage from Auburn Coach Gene Chizik's Signing Day News Conference.
Posted: 02/02/2011 - Buckeyes sign 23 to letters of intent
Posted: 02/02/2011 - Muschamp's 1st class includes Story, Roberson


text:
- Report: #970300
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Oraco Resources
Oraco Resources189 Brookview Drive Rochester, NY 14617 Rochester,NY Murrieta CA, New York United States of America
Oraco Resources JYork Got manipulated into investing with these characters who never paid back the initial investment nor promessed returns Rochester, Murrieta California, New York
*Consumer Suggestion: Ponzi Scheme
*UPDATE Employee: Oraco Libeled by Provably False Claims
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They changed the company to Oraco Resources. Same principals, Same players....
Brad Rosen is an attorney and should be suspended....he is CEO of ORACO and is not honoring the debts of the company, by choice!!!
Butchko and Huggins are smooth talker scam artists.
I have been trying to get my money back for years.
Any attorney who can advise me on how to sue them criminally, please help. they are running a scam, pretending to buy gold and diamond in Africa and resaling them at market price in the US.
DO NOT DO BUSINESS with these guys.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/16/2012 03:01 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Oraco-Resources/RochesterNY-Murrieta-CA-New-York-14617/Oraco-Resources-JYork-Got-manipulated-into-investing-with-these-characters-who-never-paid-970300. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Consumer Suggestion
Ponzi Scheme
AUTHOR: Jazzy Jeff - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Monday, February 11, 2013POSTED: Monday, February 11, 2013
Thursday, February 7, 2013
Alleged Scheme Involved Sham Investments in West African Gold and Diamond Mines
Preet Bharara, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and George Venizelos, the Assistant Director-in-Charge of the New York Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI"), announced the filing of a three-count criminal Complaint charging CHARLES HUGGINS, CHRISTOPHER BUTCHKO, and ANNE THOMAS for allegedly perpetrating a $2.5 million Ponzi scheme involving investments in gold and diamonds purportedly mined in West Africa for sale in the United States. HUGGINS and THOMAS were arrested this morning in Edgewater, New Jersey, and Cliffside Park, New Jersey, respectively. BUTCHKO was arrested this morning in Murrieta, California. HUGGINS and THOMAS are expected to be presented in Manhattan federal court before Magistrate Judge Debra Freeman later today, and BUTCHKO is expected to be presented in federal court in the Central District of California later today.
Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said: The promise of riches mined in Africa was fools gold that these defendants allegedly dangled in front of investors in what was nothing more than a scam. For those Ponzi schemers who have yet to get the message, be aware that you will be exposed by law enforcement and punished accordingly.
Assistant Director-in-Charge George Venizelos said: As alleged, these defendants lied about their intentions regarding investors money, pocketing most of it for personal use. So long as there are people with money to invest, there will likely be investment swindlers eager to take their money under false pretenses. There will also be the FBI to arrest the swindlers.
According to the Complaint filed in Manhattan federal court:
From 2008 through September 2011, HUGGINS, BUTCHKO, and THOMAS solicited $2.5 million from various investors through companies known as JYork Industries Inc. (JYork) and Urogo Inc. (Urogo). HUGGINS andBUTCHKO and others repeatedly made false and misleading representations about how they would use the investors money to mine gold and diamonds from Sierra Leone and Liberia, and promised high rates of return, based on the profits they said would be generated by the sale of the gold and diamonds in the United States.
HUGGINS, BUTCHKO, and THOMAS misappropriated the majority of the money they raised and kept it for themselves or used it to repay other investors. For example, investor funds were diverted to Orpheus Inc., a record label owned by HUGGINS, and VASNC Pvt Ltd., a petroleum company owned by BUTCHKO, and used to pay monthly apartment rental payments, restaurant bills, personal credit card bills, and other expenses. THOMAS personally received more than $90,000 in cash and disbursed more than $830,000 in investor proceeds through wire transfers to the Bahamas and checks repeatedly issued in amounts less than $10,000 in an apparent attempt to avoid the reporting threshold. Contrary to the defendants representations, only a small portion of the money they raised was transferred to Africa.
When investors complained that they had not received the return on their investment that they were promised, HUGGINS, BUTCHKO, and THOMAS frequently converted or offered to convert their investment into restricted shares of Oraco Resources, a publicly traded company of which HUGGINS, BUTCHKO, and THOMAS were majority shareholders. The investigation has revealed that only one investor to date has been made whole. That investor received the principal of his investment only after he threatened to bring civil litigation.
HUGGINS, 66, of Edgewater, New Jersey, and BUTCHKO, 43, of Murrieta, California, are each charged in the Complaint with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and one count of wire fraud. Those counts each carry a maximum potential penalty of 20 years in prison and a fine of the greater of $250,000 or twice the gross gain or loss derived from the offense. THOMAS, 68, of Cliffside Park, New Jersey, is charged with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and one count of money laundering. The money laundering count carries a maximum potential penalty of 20 years in prison and a fine of the greater of $500,000 or twice the value of the property involved in the money laundering transactions.
Mr. Bharara praised the investigative work of the FBI in this case. He added that the investigation is ongoing.
The case is being handled by the General Crimes Unit of the United States Attorney's Office. Assistant United States Attorney Edward A. Imperatore is in charge of the prosecution.
The charges contained in the Compliant are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.13-041
Source: http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/February13/HugginsButchkoThomasArrests.php?print=1
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 UPDATE Employee
Oraco Libeled by Provably False Claims
AUTHOR: Bradley Rosen - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Saturday, December 22, 2012POSTED: Saturday, December 22, 2012
absolutely false. These are two completely separate companies that have absolutely nothing to do with each
other, and the statement to the contrary is false and libelous. The statement that these two separate and
distinct companies have the same principals is also false. I am not a principle of JYORK. I wasnt even involved with the negotiations or the contract itself. My only involvement with the matter was to negotiate a settlement on behalf of JYORK with the complainants attorney, nothing more. If the complainant thinks I should be disbarred simply because I acted as an attorney, then he is thoroughly confused. He merely screams that I should
be disbarred, but never states for what reason.
I could sue him for libel on that statement alone, but do not feel like wasting my time on a ridiculous and unfounded statement made by someone who has such little significance to me. I would also like to add that the author (who, out of courtesy, I will not name) was never told by anyone that if he sued he would not collect. Likewise, there is no order of any kind that has been issued by a judge that is being disobeyed. The matter never even came before a judge, meaning this statement, like so many others, is completely false. I would like to simply reiterate that JYORK Industries, Inc. US has absolutely nothing to do with Oraco Resources, Inc., and that this fact can be confirmed by going to the SEC web site and seeing this for yourself. It is a shame that some
disgruntled and confused person can malign and libel so many people, and Ripoff Report will let this happen, even when the author wishes to recant. This is not an example of the kind of market place of ideas that the Founding Fathers sought to protect when they enacted the First Amendment. This is simply rumormongering of the lowest and most irresponsible kind. No one should try to pass judgment on anyone based on rumors alone. And we are more than happy to provide anyone with the actual facts if the wish to hear them.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
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Drafted: WSH / 1978 NHL Amateur Draft
Round: 5th (71st overall)
Lou Franceschetti made an immediate impact in his first season with the Leafs. Obtained by General Manager Gord Stellick for a future mid-round draft pick, Franceschetti was one of seven 20-goal scorers on the 1989-90 Leafs. By scoring 337 goals as a team that season under coach Doug Carpenter, they remain the highest-scoring edition of the Leafs in their long franchise history. He reached career-highs in goals (21) and points (36) while playing in all 80 games that season as the team advanced to the NHL Playoffs. The energetic right-winger was fifth on the squad with 127 penalty minutes and he contributed four game-winning goals and a team-high 27.6% shooting percentage in 1989-90, his lone full season with Toronto .
Franceschetti was traded the following season, along with Brian Curran, to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for forward Mike Foligno when the Leafs got off to a slow start to the season.
Born in Toronto, Franceschetti was selected by Washington with the 71st overall pick in the 1978 NHL Draft.
He recorded 59 goals, 81 assists for 140 points in 459 career NHL regular season games spent with the Capitals, Leafs and Sabres.


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Gardner Syndrome Center - Enid, OK
- WebMD Physician Directory of Enid Gastroenterologist Doctors
- Related Gardner Syndrome Articles
- Enid Emergency Contacts
- Nearby Enid Hospitals
- Find a Local Pharmacy on RxList - Enid
Enid Gastroenterologist Doctors for Gardner Syndrome
Type of Physician: Gastroenterologist
What is a Gastroenterologist? A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; practitioners focus on the stomach, intestines, colon, liver, and gallbladder (digestive organs). The gastroenterologist treats conditions such as abdominal pain, ulcers, diarrhea, cancer, and jaundice and they consult with surgeons when abdominal operations are indicated.
Specialty: Gastroenterology
Common Name: GI Doctor
Gastroenterologist Doctors in Enid * results
- 2
Jeffery D. Scott
Jeffrey Scott MD
1301 W 6th Ave Ste 112
Stillwater, OK 74074
(405) 533-2626
- 27 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
- 3
Cristopher D. Schultz
St Marys Internal Medicine
330 E Cherokee Ave
Enid, OK 73701
(580) 249-3904
- 14 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
- 4
Thomas A. Swafford
Thomas A Swafford MD
1301 W 6th Ave Ste 106
Stillwater, OK 74074
(405) 372-2390
- 33 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
- 5
Sanku S. Rao
Enid Gastroenterology
330 S 5th St Ste 301
Enid, OK 73701
(580) 234-0285
- 45 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
- 6
Trenton F. Horst
Red Carpet Gastroenterology
330 S 5th St Ste 103
Enid, OK 73701
(580) 249-3756
- 16 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
- 7
Charles L. Cannon
Charles L Cannon MD
1218 W Willow Rd Ste A
Enid, OK 73703
(580) 233-2176
- 26 years experience
- 1 office location(s)
Don't see your city? Use the WebMD Physician Directory to expand your search.
Gardner's Syndrome (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis)
What is familial adenomatous polyposis?
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited disorder characterized by cancer of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. People with the classic t...
Read the Gardner's Syndrome (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) article »
Other Related Gardner Syndrome Articles
Emergency Contact for Enid
- In case of Emergency, call 911
Nearby Enid Hospitals results
- 1Integris Bass Health Pavilion
401 S 3rd St
Enid, Oklahoma 73701
(580) 233-230
- 2St Mary's Regional Medical Ctr
305 S 5th St
Enid, Oklahoma 73701
(580) 233-610
- 3Integris Bass Baptist Hlth Ctr
600 S Monroe St
Enid, Oklahoma 73701
(580) 233-230
- 4Integris Behavioral Health
2216 S Van Buren St
Enid, Oklahoma 73703
(580) 233-230
- 5Okeene Municipal Hospital
207 E F St
Enid, Oklahoma 73763
(580) 822-441
- 6Perry Memorial Hospital
501 N 14th St
Enid, Oklahoma 73077
(580) 336-354
- 7Fairview Regional Medical Ctr
523 E State Rd
Enid, Oklahoma 73737
(580) 227-372
* Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.
You are prohibited from using, downloading, republishing, selling, duplicating, or "scraping" for commercial or any other purpose whatsoever, the Provider Directory or any of the data listings or other information contained therein, in whole or in part, in any medium whatsoever.
The Provider Directory is provided on an "AS-IS" basis. WebMD disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for particular purpose. Without limiting the foregoing, WebMD does not warrant or represent that the Provider Directory or any part thereof is accurate or complete. You assume full responsibility for the communications with any Provider you contact through the Provider Directory. WebMD shall in no event be liable to you or to anyone for any decision made or action taken by you in the reliance on information provided in the Provider Directory.
The use of WebMD Provider Directory by any entity or individual to verify the credentials of Providers is prohibited. The database of Provider information which drives WebMD Provider Directory does not contain sufficient information with which to verify Provider credentials under the standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) of the Utilization Review Accreditation Committee (URAC).
By using the WebMD Provider Directory, you agree to these Terms and Conditions.


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The Chevy Pickup Truck Scroll Saw Plan is a depiction of a Chevy Pickup Truck from a front 3/4 view. An interesting clock design, this is an easy scroll saw project.
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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- Derek Hough Is Hot and Shirtless as He Announces He Is Officially Returning to Dancing with the Stars
- Read the Cover Story: The Gosselins 10 Years Later: 'So Much Has Changed'
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People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- February 07, 2000
- Vol. 53
- No. 5
Doctor Zoo: It's a Girl
Machelle Seibel's Gorilla-Side Manner? Treat, Then Flee
For nearly five years, Seibel, 50, a leading reproductive endocrinologist who is an expert in human infertility treatment, has been treating primates at Boston's Franklin Park Zoo. There he does everything from freezing gorilla sperm to treating hormone imbalances in mandrills. "Traditionally scientists work on animals to learn about people," says Seibel. "I thought for once human experience might be useful to animals."
Indeed it has been, says Dr. Hayley Weston, the zoo's chief veterinarian, who first called on Seibel to help with reproductive problems in gorillas, an endangered species whose survival may one day depend on the fewer than 1,000 now in captivity. "We're primates too," says Weston. "So he is pretty well versed in primate reproduction."
Seibel has ministered to some 20 animal patients, performing sonograms on marmosets and pottos (slothlike African primates) as well as administering annual reproductive physicals to some of Franklin Park's six gorillas. He once ordered birth-control pills for a mandrill suffering excessive menstrual bleeding. "I phoned in the prescription," he recalls, "and said, 'I'm calling this in for Mandy the mandrill.' The pharmacist asked, 'What's her insurance?' I told him, 'HMO Zoo.'"
To be sure, these aren't the patients Seibel had in mind when he dreamed of becoming a doctor as a child in Texas City, Texas, where his parents ran a jewelry store. Inspired by a professor at the University of Texas medical school in Galveston, Seibel chose gynecology as his specialty and moved in 1979 to Boston, where he gained a reputation for his work with infertility, which resulted in Massachusetts's first test-tube baby in 1983. His work left little time for a social life, but he met his wife, Sharon, 43, a psychiatrist, in 1985, and they married a year later. (They have three children: Amy, 12, Sherry, 10, and Alex, 7.)
It was five years ago when Weston, concerned about infertility in the zoo's primates, heard about Seibel's pioneering work with humans and gave him a call. "He was a little surprised," says Weston. "It's not every day that a veterinarian calls from a zoo and says, 'Would you like to come look at our gorillas?'" At first, Sharon was concerned that the work would be too dangerous for her husband, but then the couple paid a visit to the zoo. "One of the gorillas was sitting down, eating yogurt and watching Wild Kingdom" recalls Seibel. "It was like seeing a kid in front of the TV." Now the family has gotten used to the apes–and vice versa. "The kids think it's great," says Sharon. "One of their favorite outings is to the zoo."
Still, gorillas, who can weigh more than 450 lbs. (250 for females), can be dangerous and must be put under general anesthesia for every exam or procedure. Some gorillas bat away the darts–shot by blowgun and containing doses lethal to humans–and toss them back at the doctors. The anesthetic could-wear off without warning, so Seibel always keeps a clear path to the cage exit. This morning, everything goes without a hitch, and the team packs up and leaves without incident. "It's always a relief," he says, "when it's done and nobody got hurt."
Thomas Fields-Meyer
Lisa Kay Greissinger in Boston
- Contributors:
- Lisa Kay Greissinger.
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Lesson Verbi transitivi e intransitivi
Description: Distinguere verbi transitivi e intransitivi.
Subjects: All Other Subjects > All Other Lessons
Author: Dr Simone Mazza
Teacher: Dr Simone Mazza
Language: Unspecified
Target Audience: Unspecified
Created on 04/23/2013 by Dr Simone Mazza
Teaching grades: 6th Grade
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