text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 1, 2012
|Filing date
|Sep 13, 2010
|Priority date
|Nov 21, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James F. McGuckin, Jr., Peter W. J. Hinchliffe
|Original Assignee
|Rex Medical, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (42), Referenced by (17), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 12/288,620, filed on Oct. 22, 2008 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,803,184, which is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 11/222,570, filed on Sep. 9, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,445,632, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/429,536, filed on May 5, 2003, now Pat. No. 6,974,476, which is a national stage application of PCT/US01/43879 filed 11/14/2001 which claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 60/252,187, filed Nov. 21, 2000. The entire contents of each of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
This application relates to a prosthetic valve and more particularly to a prosthetic valve for minimally invasive replacement of a patient's cardiac valve.
2. Background of Related Art
The aortic and mitral valves are heart valves that open and close automatically in response to the pumping of the heart to control blood flow. The aortic valve is open during ventricular systole, when the heart is in contraction and blood is surged through the aorta and pulmonary artery, and is closed during diastole, when the heart is in relaxation, dilates and the cavity fills with blood. The aortic valve is positioned between the left ventricle and ascending aorta and functions to prevent back flow into the ventricle. The mitral or bicuspid valve closes the orifice between the left atrium and the left ventricle to prevent back flow into the atrium.
If the aortic valve doesn't close properly after the heart pumps the blood through the valve into the aorta, blood will leak back into the heart. This oxygenated back flow of blood causes the heart to work harder and faster, thereby initially causing chest pain, fatigue, and reduced blood output from the heart, which over time can result in cardiomyopathy. Additionally, when the aortic valve is defective for a period of time, it oftentimes leads to mitral valve damage because the retrograde inflow of blood applies pressure against the mitral valve, preventing it from closing properly.
There are a variety of causes of heart valve malfunction, many resulting from infections or diseases such as congenital heart disease, calcification related to athrosclerosis, and fibrosis. Generally, there are two types of damaged valves: stenotic valve in which the valve does not open fully thereby limiting forward blood flow; and regurgitant valves in which the valve does not close properly thereby permitting back flow. In either instance, valve malfunction can leads to cardiomyopathy which is a disease of the heart muscle which if left untreated can lead to heart failure and death or post stenotic dilatation of the aorta which can lead to aneurysm.
If a defective heart valve cannot be surgically repaired, it may need to be removed and replaced with a replacement valve. Currently, the surgical technique for valve replacement is open heart surgery. This open surgery is quite traumatic because it requires a full sternotomy, namely cracking the patient's ribs and creating a chest incision extending almost along the entire length of the chest. This incision can be as long as 10-12 inches. Additionally, to perform the valve surgery, the patient's heart is stopped with cardioplegia and the patient is placed on a heart lung machine requiring withdrawing the blood from the venous side of the patient through blood flow tubes, transporting the blood to the heart lung machine for oxygenation, and delivering the oxygenated blood to the arterial side of the patient's body through blood inflow tubes. The problems and risks inherent with the heart lung machine are well documented. These include the risk of infection, trauma to the body as a result of the blood exchange, and the risk of brain damage or stroke. It is also been found that patients who undergo open heart surgery may suffer from permanent neurological lapses. Additionally, in stopping the heart and utilizing the heart lung machine, the aorta must be cross clamped to cut off the blood flow. This cross clamping can dislodge plaque inside the vessel, potentially sending it through the bloodstream to the brain and causing stroke. Moreover, open heart surgery, being a highly invasive procedure, requires a long patient recovery time. The long patient recovery time, the use of the heart lung machine, and the requirement for additional hospital staff, e.g. machine technicians, all add to the costs of the surgical procedure.
Recognition of the disadvantages and risks of open heart surgery has recently led to attempts at minimally invasive approaches. For example, smaller chest incisions, such as partial sternotomies or creating a "window" between adjacent ribs, are now being utilized in some instances to access the aorta for performing certain heart bypass procedures. However, these approaches still require cracking and/or retracting ribs and are surgically difficult not only due to the limited access and maneuverability of the instrumentation, but due to limited visibility. Additionally, the heart may need to be manipulated to provide proper access, potentially causing additional trauma. For these reasons, such minimally invasive approaches have found only limited applications in bypass procedures and to the inventors' knowledge have not been successfully used for aortic valve replacement surgery.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,215 discloses another approach to avoiding the aforementioned problems and risks associated with a full sternotomy, i.e. open heart surgery. In the '215 patent, a percutaneous endoscopic method for valve installation is disclosed. Basically a series of cannulas or trocars are inserted percutaneously, along with an endoscopic viewing device, and the valve replacement is performed through these small tubes with visualization on a remote video screen. To the inventors' knowledge, this form of endoscopic surgery is not currently being utilized, most likely because 1) access is limited; 2) the ability to manipulate the tissue and valve through small tubes is difficult; 3) visibility is limited; 4) and the small instrumentation needed for the procedure is limited. The problem with this endoscopic approach is compounded by the fact that the valve is sutured to the valve annulus. As can be appreciated, manipulating a suturing instrument through small tubes, with limited maneuverability and restricted visibility is quite difficult. Additionally, as with suturing in open procedures, the success of the suturing and knot tying can oftentimes be dependent on the particular skills of the surgeon. This method also requires opening the aorta, and ensuring proper closure after the surgery.
Therefore, to date, no surgical method is effective in avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages of open heart valve surgery. Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a minimally invasive method to insert and implant a heart valve, therefore avoiding the problems and risks associated with open surgery. It would also be advantageous to provide a replacement valve that can more easily be secured to the valve annulus without requiring the difficult, skill dependent and time consuming suturing and knot tying of the replacement valve.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior valves and valve insertion methods. The present invention provides a valve configured for insertion on the proximal and distal sides of a heart valve annulus to replace the heart valve of a patient. The valve comprises a first substantially annular portion adapted to be positioned on a proximal side of the annulus and a second substantially annular portion adapted to be positioned on a distal side of the annulus, wherein at least one of the first and second substantially annular portions is movable towards the other portion to a clamped position to clamp around the annulus. The second substantially annular portion has a flow restricting portion extending therefrom and is movable between a first position to permit the flow of blood and a second position to restrict the flow of blood.
The first and second portions are preferably comprised of shape memory alloy. In one embodiment, the valve has a suture joining the first and second substantially annular portions to draw them into closer proximity and a cinch member securing the suture to maintain the first and second portions in the clamped position. In another embodiment, the first and second portions are formed from a unitary wire and are connected by a wire segment which biases the first and second portions toward the clamped position. In this embodiment, the first substantially annular portion preferably underlies a first arcuate portion and a second arcuate portion preferably underlies the second substantially annular portion to form a coiled wire of multiple overlapping segments.
Various embodiments of flow restricting portions are provided. In one embodiment, the flow restricting portion comprises a plurality of leaflets extending circumferentially around the second portion in a direction away from the first portion and are foldable inwardly towards a convergence region at the midpoint of the second portion so the convergence region is concentric with the second portion to restrict blood flow. In another embodiment, the leaflets are foldable inwardly towards a convergence region offset from a midpoint of the second portion so the convergence region is eccentric with the second portion to restrict blood flow. The flow restricting portion may further include a membrane joining adjacent leaflets to cooperate with the leaflets to restrict blood flow when the leaflets are in the closed position.
A replacement cardiac valve implantation system is also provided comprising a valve and a delivery member. The valve comprises a wire element having a first ring-like portion and a second ring-like portion positioned over the first ring like portion. At least the first ring like portion is movable towards and away from the second ring-like portion and is biased towards the second ring like portion. The delivery member introduces the wire element into a patient's body, such that the first ring-like portion is placed on a first side of the annulus and the second ring-like portion is placed on a second side of the annulus, the bias of the portions forcing the first ring-like portion in closer proximity to the second ring-like portion to secure the valve in a clamped position around the annulus. The first and second ring-like portions are preferably joined by an arcuate wire segment extending therebetween which biases the first and second ring-like portions to a clamped position.
A method of installing a valve to replace a heart valve of a patient is also provided comprising:
positioning a valve in a first configuration inside a first catheter;
inserting the first catheter through the femoral artery;
advancing the first catheter around the aortic arch so that a distal end portion of the first catheter is adjacent an annulus of a patient;
ejecting a first portion of the valve from the first catheter to position it on a first side of the annulus; and
ejecting a second portion of the valve from the first catheter on a second side of the annulus allowing the first and second portions of the valve to clamp around both sides of the annulus.
Preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:
Referring now in detail to the drawings where like reference numerals identify similar or like components throughout the several views,
The valve of the present invention, designed to replace the patient's aortic valve, is contained within a valve retaining catheter and inserted through a delivery catheter 70 as shown in
The valve of the present invention, as can be appreciated, is inserted intraluminally (or percutaneously through the femoral artery) so the aorta does not need to be penetrated to provide access to the annulus. To complement the intraluminal implantation of the valve, instrumentation is provided to resect the natural valve of the patient intraluminally. Thus, by providing a percutaneous valve resector, an entire percutaneous system is provided since the resection of the natural valve as well as insertion and implantation of the replacement valve can be achieved percutaneously, e.g. through a small incision into the femoral artery in the patient's leg. The intraluminal insertion avoids a sternotomy or partial sternotomy and its associated risks and disadvantages discussed above.
Turning first to
Resecting instrument 50 has a flexible outer tube 58, a pair of resecting jaws 56 extending from a distal end 55 of the outer tube 58, and a jaw manipulator such as a wire (not shown) mechanically connected to the jaws 56 to manipulate the jaws 56 between open and closed positions to resect the valve. Resecting jaws 56 of resecting instrument 50 are controlled from a proximal end of outer tube 58, which extends proximally of slit valve 72 to provide access to the surgeon outside the patient's body. Thus, the wire or controller is manipulated from outside the body to resect the valve. The resected valve tissue is suctioned through the slit valve 74 (the negative pressure opening the valve 74) and through delivery catheter lumen 77, in the space between inner wall 73 of delivery catheter 70 and outer wall 53 of resecting instrument 50, as shown in
An alternate embodiment of the valve resector is shown in
Turning now to the first embodiment of the valve illustrated in
A pusher (not shown) ejects the first or proximal wire ring 14 by contact with a proximal end, enabling it to return to its substantially annular configuration. After ejection of the first ring 14, either the same pusher, or a separate pusher proximal to or alongside the first pusher, ejects the distal wire ring 12 by advancing it from its proximal end, allowing it also to return to its substantially annular configuration. The sutures 24 which wrap around and hold the rings together, are ejected as the rings 12, 14 are ejected.
Three sutures 24 are provided, preferably about 120 degrees apart as shown. Each suture is wrapped around the rings 12 and 14 as best shown in
One end 24 a of each suture 24 is secured within slot 21 and the other end 24 b is retained between locking element 28 and inner wall surface 23. End 24 b, prior to being cut, extends beyond the length of the catheter, exiting through the proximal end. The suture is tensioned by pulling from its proximal end, thereby moving the two rings 12, 14 towards each other into locking engagement. Locking element 28, spring biased as shown, prevents movement of the suture in a distal direction to maintain the suture and respective rings in a clamped (locked) position.
A series of leaflets or petals 30 extend upwardly from the distal ring 12 along the entire circumference as seen in
The steps of deploying and securing the valve 10 will now be described. First, the delivery catheter 70 is inserted through a conventional sheath, over a conventional guidewire (not shown) through the femoral artery, around the aortic arch, and down to the aortic valve area adjacent the valve annulus (the aortic valve having already been removed). As shown in
The first wire element, which will form the first or proximal (inner) ring 14, is initially advanced from the valve retaining catheter 11 and through the slit valve 74 of the delivery catheter 70 to the position of
Once the wire elements are fully deployed and the positioning of the first and second rings 14, 12 on respective sides of the annulus is confirmed by visualization techniques such as ultrasound, the rings 14, 12 are pulled together by tensioning the suture 24. The surgeon manually pulls on the proximal end of each suture which extends proximally of the delivery catheter 70 and valve retaining catheter 11 outside the body. The two rings 12, 14 are thus pulled tightly together to clamp around the annulus with the cinch mechanism 26 ensuring that the suture is secured to lock the rings in this clamped position. The excess suture is cut at proximal end 24 b and the valve retaining catheter 11 and delivery catheter 70 are withdrawn, leaving the valve 10 secured around the annulus. As noted above, although described for aortic valve replacement, the valve 10 described herein can be used to replace other valves such as the mitral valve. It should also be noted in
An alternate (second) embodiment of the valve of the present invention is illustrated in
As shown, the first ring 42 has a 360 degree segment 46 which extends into overlying partially annular or arcuate segment 48, preferably ranging from about 90 to about 180 degrees. Second ring 44 likewise has a 360 degree segment 47 extending into underlying partially annular or arcuate segment 49, preferably ranging from about 90 to about 180 degrees. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment each ring 42, 44 can be considered to circumscribe at least about a 450 degree segment forming a coiled wire of multiple overlapping segments. Arcuate segment 48 transitions into arcuate segment 49 in the transition area defined by wire segment 45 extending at an angle to the parallel planes defined by each of the rings 42, 44.
A series of substantially triangular leaflets 50 extend from the second ring 44, preferably attached thereto by adhesive, although other means of attachment are also contemplated. When in the closed position of
The wire element is preferably composed of a shape memory material, such as Nitinol, having the memorized configuration of
When the wire element is deployed, the first ring segment reverts from it straightened configuration inside the valve retaining catheter 13 to the memory configuration of
Various alternate embodiments of valve leaflets are disclosed in
Turning first to
In the embodiment of
The foregoing membranes can be composed of polyethylene, PTFE, or other suitable materials. Additionally, flexible metallic struts, made from materials such as Nitinol, can also be embedded in the membrane 82 to provide additional support.
A porcine or tricuspid valve is illustrated in
As discussed above, the valves of the present invention are designed for percutaneous (intraluminal) insertion through the femoral artery. However, the inventors have realized that some surgeons might prefer either a full or partial sternotomy before transitioning to a minimally invasive approach. Some surgeons may also prefer the "window" approach which involves an incision between, and retraction of, the ribs of a patient. The valves of the present invention provide an advantage even if performing a sternotomy or "window" approach since they avoid the time consuming and complicated steps of suturing the valve to the annulus.
Although the endoscopic approach has not been clinically accepted for reasons suggested above, in the event this approach becomes accepted, the valve 10 and 40 of the present invention would provide an advantage because of their sutureless attachment to the annulus.
While the above description contains many specifics, those specifics should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will envision many other possible variations that are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure as defined by the claims appended hereto.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1994
|Aug 13, 1996
|Heartport, Inc.
|Endovascular aortic valve replacement
|Dec 6, 1993
|Nov 5, 1996
|Heartport, Inc.
|Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
|Jun 5, 1995
|Feb 3, 1998
|Heartport, Inc.
|Thoracoscopic valve prosthesis delivery device
|Feb 23, 1996
|Feb 10, 1998
|Williamson, Iv; Warren
|Means for replacing a heart valve in a minimally invasive manner
|Jun 5, 1995
|Feb 17, 1998
|Heartport, Inc.
|Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
|Jun 5, 1995
|Mar 17, 1998
|Heartport, Inc.
|Intercostal access devices for less-invasive cardiovascular surgery
|Jul 29, 1996
|May 26, 1998
|Stobie; Robert
|Suture rings for rotatable artificial heart valves
|May 14, 1996
|Sep 29, 1998
|Heartport, Inc.
|Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
|Oct 14, 1997
|Jul 20, 1999
|Heartport, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for thoracoscopic intracardiac procedures
|May 1, 1997
|Sep 28, 1999
|World Medical Manufacturing Corp.
|Percutaneous placement valve stent
|Oct 21, 1997
|Oct 26, 1999
|Heartport, Inc.
|Less-invasive devices and methods for treatment of cardiac valves
|Dec 15, 1997
|Nov 2, 1999
|Ruiz; Carlos E.
|Medical hole closure device and methods of use
|Jan 31, 1996
|Jan 4, 2000
|Heartport, Inc.
|Less-invasive devices and methods for cardiac valve surgery
|Oct 16, 1998
|Aug 15, 2000
|Sulzer Carbomedics, Inc.
|Separable annuloplasty ring
|Oct 7, 1997
|Jan 9, 2001
|Niti Alloys Technologies Ltd.
|Surgical clip
|May 27, 1999
|Sep 11, 2001
|Sulzer Carbomedics Inc.
|Sutureless heart valve prosthesis
|Mar 22, 1999
|Nov 20, 2001
|Kumar R. Patel
|Artificial venous valve and sizing catheter
|Jan 26, 2000
|Jan 15, 2002
|Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
|Flexible heart valve leaflets
|Jul 6, 2000
|Jul 16, 2002
|Paul A. Spence
|Annuloplasty devices and related heart valve repair methods
|Feb 10, 1999
|Jul 30, 2002
|Michi E. Garrison
|Methods and devices for implanting cardiac valves
|Apr 6, 2000
|Sep 24, 2002
|Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
|Minimally-invasive heart valves and methods of use
|May 30, 1997
|Oct 1, 2002
|The University Of Western Ontario
|Expansible bioprosthetic valve stent
|Jan 31, 1997
|Sep 9, 2003
|Transvascular, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for connecting openings formed in adjacent blood vessels or other anatomical structures
|May 14, 2002
|May 4, 2004
|Annuloplasty devices and related heart valve repair methods
|Mar 23, 2001
|May 11, 2004
|Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
|Rolled minimally-invasive heart valves and methods of use
|May 5, 2003
|Dec 13, 2005
|Rex Medical, L.P.
|Percutaneous aortic valve
|Feb 24, 2003
|Apr 11, 2006
|Shlomo Gabbay
|Valvular prosthesis
|Sep 9, 2005
|Nov 4, 2008
|Rex Medical, L.P
|Percutaneous aortic valve
|Feb 28, 2001
|Jul 12, 2001
|Brice Letac
|Valve prosthesis for implantation in body channels
|May 14, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Paul A. Spence
|Annuloplasty devices and related heart valve repair methods
|Sep 19, 2001
|Mar 20, 2003
|Cai Chad Q.
|Polymer leaflet designs for medical devices
|Aug 30, 2002
|Apr 10, 2003
|Tremulis William S.
|Method and apparatus for valve repair
|Oct 28, 2003
|May 6, 2004
|Paul A. Spence
|Heart valve repair apparatus and methods
|Oct 1, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Ample Medical, Inc.
|Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
|Apr 11, 2003
|Oct 28, 2004
|Carlos Duran
|Sigmoid valve and method for its percutaneous implantation
|Sep 5, 2006
|Dec 3, 2009
|Keraenen Olli
|Device And Method For Improving The Function Of A Heart Valve
|Aug 1, 2008
|Feb 4, 2010
|Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
|Device and method for mitral valve repair
|Jun 27, 1997
|Jun 9, 1999
|Vladimir Leonidovich Karpenko
|Micro-surgery fixation device, variants and manipulation push-bar for mounting the same
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Sep 30, 1986
|Apr 7, 1988
|Kabushiki Kaisha Tatebe Seishudo
|Artificial cardiac valve
|Apr 13, 1999
|Nov 11, 1999
|Axya Medical, Inc.
|Sutureless cardiac valve prosthesis, and devices and methods for implanting them
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 13, 2012
|Jan 14, 2014
|Mitraltech Ltd.
|Percutaneously-deliverable mechanical valve
|Nov 12, 2007
|Mar 4, 2014
|Medtentia International Ltd. Oy
|Device and method for improving function of heart valve
|Sep 20, 2013
|May 20, 2014
|Cephea Valve Technologies, Inc.
|Disk-based valve apparatus and method for the treatment of valve dysfunction
|Jun 15, 2012
|May 27, 2014
|Medtentia International Ltd. Oy
|Device and method for improving function of heart valve
|Mar 6, 2012
|Oct 7, 2014
|Mitraltech Ltd.
|Techniques for percutaneous mitral valve replacement and sealing
|Jan 31, 2014
|Oct 28, 2014
|Cephea Valve Technologies, Inc.
|System and method for cardiac valve repair and replacement
|Feb 24, 2011
|Mar 31, 2015
|Mitraltech Ltd.
|Techniques for percutaneous mitral valve replacement and sealing
|Jul 21, 2011
|Apr 28, 2015
|Mitraltech Ltd.
|Techniques for percutaneous mitral valve replacement and sealing
|Jun 15, 2012
|Jun 16, 2015
|Medtentia International Ltd. Oy
|Device and method for improving function of heart valve
|Apr 18, 2012
|Sep 22, 2015
|Rex Medical, L.P.
|Percutaneous aortic valve
|Aug 8, 2013
|Nov 17, 2015
|Sorin Group Italia S.R.L.
|Valve prosthesis and kit
|Aug 5, 2012
|Jul 12, 2016
|Mitraltech Ltd.
|Percutaneous mitral valve replacement and sealing
|Mar 14, 2008
|Aug 21, 2008
|Micardia Corporation
|Adjustable cardiac valve implant with coupling mechanism
|Nov 12, 2007
|Jun 10, 2010
|Keraenen Olli
|Device And Method For Improving Function Of Heart Valve
|Apr 18, 2012
|Aug 9, 2012
|Mcguckin James F Jr
|Percutaneous aortic valve
|Jun 15, 2012
|Dec 13, 2012
|Keraenen Olli
|Device And Method For Improving Function Of Heart Valve
|Dec 13, 2012
|Keraenen Olli
|Device and Method For Improving Function Of Heart Valve
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 1, 2014
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 5, 2014
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 19, 2014
Free format text: IN THE NOTICE OF CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION APPEARING IN JULY 22, 2014,DELETE ALL REFERENCE TO PATENT NO. 8,167,935, ISSUE OF JULY 1, 2014.REQUEST FOR CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION TREATED AS A PETITION UNDER 37 CFR 1.78(A)(3), SEEKING TO ACCEPT AN UNINTENTIONALLY DELAYED CLAIM UNDER 35 U.S.C. 120" FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PRIOR APPLICATION WAS DISMISSED BY THE OFFICE OF PETITIONS.THE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION WAS PUBLISHED IN ERROR AND SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ISSUED FOR THIS PATENT.
|Nov 11, 2014
|Certificate of correction
|Oct 14, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Sherrod Brown on Principles & Values
Democratic Sr Senator; previously Representative (OH-13)
Mandel's campaign says Brown went negative to distract from his record. Brown's campaign says outside groups have already spent $5 million on Mandel's behalf attacking Brown, who is a former state secretary and congressman.
A: I look around at what's happened to our state, and the last 10 years of failed leadership from Bob Taft, George Bush, Mike DeWine. Too many Ohioans are losing their pensions. Too many Ohioans can't afford to send their kids to college. Too many Ohioans are suffering from high prescription-drug and home-heating costs. This state and this country need a new direction.
"In the past month, many Senators have asked me about my judicial philosophy. It is simple: fidelity to the law. The task of a judge is not to make the law--it is to apply the law. And it is clear, I believe, that my record in two courts reflects my rigorous commitment to interpreting the Constitution according to its terms; interpreting statutes according to their terms and Congress's intent; and hewing faithfully to precedents established by the Supreme Court and my Circuit Court. In each case I have heard, I have applied the law to the facts at hand."
The Adherents.com website is an independent project and is not supported by or affiliated with any organization (academic, religious, or otherwise).
Such factors as religious service attendance, belief, practice, familiarity with doctrine, belief in certain creeds, etc., may be important to sociologists, religious leaders, and others. But these are measures of religiosity and are usually not used academically to define a person's membership in a particular religion. It is important to recognize there are various levels of adherence, or membership within religious traditions or religious bodies. There's no single definition, and sources of adherent statistics do not always make it clear what definition they are using.
OnTheIssues.org interprets the 2006 AU scores as follows:
Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU) is a religious liberty watchdog group based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1947, the organization educates Americans about the importance of church-state separation in safeguarding religious freedom. AU is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to preserving the constitutional principle of church-state separation as the only way to ensure religious freedom for all Americans.
Americans United is a national organization with members in all 50 states. We are headquartered in Washington, D.C., and led by the Rev. Barry W. Lynn, executive director. AU has more than 75,000 members from all over the country. They include people from all walks of life and from various faith communities, as well as those who profess no particular faith. We are funded by donations from our members and others who support church-state separation. We do not seek, nor would we accept, government funding.
The members of the Progressive Caucus share a common belief in the principles of social and economic justice, non-discrimination, and tolerance in America and in our relationships with other countries. We also seek to embody and give voice to national priorities which reflect the interests and needs of all the American people, not just the wealthy and the powerful. Our purpose is to present thoughtful, positive, practical solutions to the problems confronting America and the world. In the post-Cold War era, we believe our nation's priorities must change with the times and reflect new realities. Accordingly, we support curbs on wasteful, inefficient government spending at the Pentagon and elsewhere, a more progressive tax system in which wealthier taxpayers and corporations pay their fair share, adequate funding for social programs that are designed to extend help to low and middle-income Americans in need, and trade policies that increase the exports of more American products and encourage the creation of jobs and investment in America.
Scoring system for 2014: Ranges from 0% (supports separation of church & state) to 100% (opposed to separation of church & state).
About the AU (from their website, www.au.org):Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU) is a religious liberty watchdog group. Founded in 1947, the organization educates Americans about the importance of church-state separation in safeguarding religious freedom. AU is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to preserving the constitutional principle of church-state separation as the only way to ensure religious freedom for all Americans.
|Other candidates on Principles & Values:
|Sherrod Brown on other issues:
OH Gubernatorial:
John Kasich
OH politicians
OH Archives
Retiring in 2014 election:
Retired as of Jan. 2013:
Senate races Nov. 2016:
AK: Murkowski(R) vs.Begich(D) vs.Lamb(R)
AL: Shelby(R) vs.Crumpton(D) vs.Bowman(R)
AR: Boozman(R) vs.Eldridge(D) vs.Gilbert(L) vs.
AZ: McCain(R) vs.Ward(R) vs.Kirkpatrick(D) vs.Mealer(I)
CA: Sanchez(D) vs.Harris(D) vs.Chavez(R) vs.Del Beccaro(R) vs.Sundheim(R) vs.Brannon(R)
CO: Bennet(D) vs.Glenn(R) vs.Neville(R) vs.Frazier(R) vs.Keyser(R) vs.Littleton(R)
CT: Blumenthal(D) vs.Kudlow(R) vs.Wolf(R) vs.
FL: Jolly(R) vs.DeSantis(R) vs.Cantera(R) vs.Murphy(D) vs.Grayson(D) vs.Keith(D)
GA: Isakson(R) vs.
HI: Schatz(D) vs.Hanabusa(D)
IA: Grassley(R) vs.Fiegen(D) vs.Hogg(D) vs.Krause(D) vs.Culver(D)
ID: Crapo(R) vs.LaRocco(D) vs.Minnick(D)
IL: Kirk(R) vs.Harris(D) vs.Zopp(D) vs.Duckworth(D)
IN: Stutzman(R) vs.Hill(D) vs.Holcomb(R) vs.Young(R) vs.
KY: Paul(R) vs.Conway(D) vs.Chandler(D)
LA: Fleming(R) vs.Boustany(R) vs.Maness(R) vs.Kennedy(D) vs.Cao(R) vs.McAllister(R)
MD: Edwards(D) vs.Van Hollen(D) vs.Flowers(G) vs.Szeliga(R) vs.Douglas(R) vs.Steele(R)
MO: Blunt(R) vs.Kander(D)
NC: Burr(R) vs.Rey(D) vs.Ross(D) vs.Wright(R) vs.
ND: Hoeven(R)
NH: Ayotte(R) vs.Hassan(D) vs.
NV: Cortez-Masto(D) vs.Heck(R) vs.Angle(R) vs.
NY: Schumer(D) vs.King(R) vs.Gibson(R)
OH: Portman(R) vs.Strickland(D) vs.Sittenfeld(D)
OK: Lankford(R) vs.Johnson(D)
OR: Wyden(D) vs.Stine(D) vs.Callahan(R)
PA: Toomey(R) vs.Stern(R) vs.Sestak(D) vs.McGinty(D) vs.Fetterman(D)
SC: Scott(R) vs.Dickerson(D)
SD: Thune(R) vs.Herseth-Sandlin(D)
UT: Lee(R) vs.Swinton(D)
VT: Leahy(D)
WA: Murray(D) vs.Vance(R)
WI: Johnson(R) vs.Feingold(D) vs.Lorge(R)
Civil Rights
Foreign Policy
Free Trade
Govt. Reform
Gun Control
Health Care
Homeland Security
Social Security
Tax Reform
Other Senators
Senate Votes (analysis)
Bill Sponsorships
Policy Reports
Group Ratings
Contact info:
Email Contact Form
Phone number:
(202) 224-2315

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
After we bought our house, we started looking into ways of removing the copious amounts of gravel covering portions of the yard. When we started figuring how much ...
Material: You will need cedar, redwood, or similar rot-resistant wood. Some people use pressure treated wood, since the new types don't contain arsenic, but some people are still ...
Make all your cuts. Make piles of each size piece. Mark-up and cut your miters. See previous slide for cut list.
You are essentially making 3 boxes that stack on top of each other. The boxes are attached to each other by two-piece corner bracing. All the simplistic construction ...
Now, attach the top rails (the mitered pieces) with the shortest side facing in. I recommend assembling piece by piece, clockwise or counterclockwise around the box in case ...
When you buy a length of soaker hose at the hardware store, it's usually sold in 50' sections--- way more than is needed for a single box. Cut ...
Veggie Garden Soaker Hose Irrigationby tokala
Getting Started with Gardening Using Raised Bedsby UrbanGardenWorkshop
Urban Farming: Raised Bed Gardeningby TLP Shop Lab
Gravity-Irrigated Barrel Gardenby rexofspades
EASY RAISED GARDEN BED ON CASTERS FOR PATIO OR DECKby Few Bits
Join 2 million + to receive instant DIY inspiration in your inbox.
Download our apps!
© 2016 Autodesk, Inc.


text:
Park Central Hotel San Francisco, a Starwood Hotel - San Francisco
The Park Central Hotel San Francisco (formerly Westin Market Street), a 4-star San Francisco California hotel, is a great place to stay when traveling to San Francisco, whether you are there for business or pleasure. Incredible accommodations, wonderful business and event spaces, and easy access to some of San Francisco's most exciting attractions make this premier hotel one to add to the top of your list.Luxurious Amenities and Rooms
The Park Central Hotel San Francisco offers an incredible experience for you and your family. This smoke-free property offers a 24-hour fitness center, ensuring you can keep up your exercise regimen as you travel. Grab a bite to eat at the on-site MaSo Restaurant, or relax with a drink at MaSo Bar, Lounge, and Terrace. After a day exploring the city, rest assured knowing you can return to your comfortable accommodations and watch the sun set over the city's beautiful skyline.The Market District
Located in Chinatown and the Financial District, the Park Central Hotel San Francisco is in close proximity to many famous and exciting San Francisco attractions. The hotel is just a short drive from Fisherman's Wharf, the Alcatraz Ferry, and Chinatown. The nearby shops, boutiques, and dining at Union Square and Westfield San Francisco Center offer great activities.
Park Central Hotel San Francisco, a Starwood Hotel - San Francisco
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $144
- Traditional Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Premier Room, View (Grand Upgrade)
- Standard Room (Run of House)
- Standard Room (Room Selected at Check-in)
- Suite
- Traditional Room, 1 King Bed
- Classic Double Room
- Standard Room
- Deluxe Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Suite, 1 King Bed
- Premier Room, 2 Queen Beds, View
- Premier Room, View
- Grand Room, View
- Grand Room, 2 Queen Beds, View
- Deluxe Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Room (Selected at Check-In)
- Premier Room, 1 Queen Bed
- Deluxe Room, 1 King Bed
- Premier Room, 1 King Bed, Corner
- Premier Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Grand Room, 2 Queen Beds (Deluxe)
- Grand Room, 1 King Bed, Corner (Deluxe)
- Premier Room, 1 King Bed
- Deluxe Room (Classic Upgrade)
- Deluxe Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Grand Room, 1 King Bed (Deluxe)
- Grand Room, 1 Queen Bed (Deluxe)
- Classic Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 681 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 36 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Up to 2 children (17 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Specific rooms only, restrictions apply *
- Up to 25 lb
- WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas *
- WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms *
- Valet parking (limited) *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- 24-hour business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 13
- Meeting rooms
- Conference space size (feet) - 23000
- Conference space size (meters) - 2137
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas
- Television in common areas
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Down comforter
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Turndown service
- Pillowtop mattress
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- IPod docking station
- Desk
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Phone
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Microwave (on request)
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Special features
DiningMaSo Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Park Central Hotel San Francisco, a Starwood Hotel - San Francisco's small print
Also known as
- San Francisco Market Street Westin
- Park Central Hotel San Francisco Starwood Hotel
- Park Central Hotel Starwood Hotel
- Park Central San Francisco Starwood
- Park Central Starwood
- Westin Hotel San Francisco Market Street
- Westin San Francisco Market Street
- Park Central Hotel San Francisco a Starwood Hotel
- Westin San Francisco Market Street Hotel San Francisco
- Park Central Hotel San Francisco
- Park Central Hotel
- Park Central San Francisco
- Park Central
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- Resort fee: USD 34.20 per accommodation, per night
Resort fee inclusions:
- Fitness center access
- Internet access (may be limited)
- Phone calls (may be limited)
- In-room bottled water
- Additional inclusions
Inclusions may be listed elsewhere on the page as free or for a surcharge.
Optional extras
Valet parking costs USD 66.12 per night with in/out privileges
Refrigerators are available for USD 25 per night
Rollaway beds are available for USD 25.00 per night
Breakfast costs between USD 20 and USD 30 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 100.00 per accommodation, per stay, plus a one-time cleaning fee of USD 50
WiFi is available in guestrooms for USD 14.95 per day (rates may vary)
WiFi is available in public areas for USD 14.95 per day (rates may vary)
High-speed Internet access (wired) is available in guestrooms for an extra charge
High-speed Internet access (wired) is available in public areas for USD 14.95 per night (rates may vary)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.3 /5 from 2316 reviews
Location is great. Walking distance to Union Square and there are bus stops and BART right outside the hotel. T-mobile and AT&T just right outside so you can get your prepaid sim cards here instead of from airport. Room size is really spacious and the gym equipments are adequate for a good workout.
Everything was great but if you come to the hotel with a car you should know that hotel parking service is very expensive ( 58 $ per day plus 25% taxes).
The hotel was in a great location, with Fisherman's Warf an easy trolley ride down Market Street, and Union Square and Westfield a short comfortable stroll. Unfortunately, we were not told about the extra $30 a day for Hotel Services, and all of the hotel services we had access to during our stay until we checked out - this was very disappointing. Make sure you find out about these on check in so you can actually use them! Like free wi-fi, gym, bicycles, etc.
comfortable and accomodating.


text:
Bluegrass Gospel Concert next weekJuly 05,2013Bluegrass Gospel
Concert is July 9
CASTLETON The Bluegrass Gospel Project will take the stage at 7 p.m. Tuesday at the Castleton Pavilion.
Playing together since 2001, the Bluegrass Gospel Project offers its audience an eclectic mix of folk, pop and bluegrass.
The show is presented by Castleton State Collage and is part of the 18th annual Summer Concert Series. For more information about the concert series, visit www.castleton.edu/concerts.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A Sandgate man with a previous conviction for a sex crime against a child in New... Full StoryThousands of Vermonters will have the chance to get their drivers licenses back starting Thursday. Full StoryA Castleton man, who police said has had several incidents at Fowler Services, denied striking... Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed


text:
New gardener Reed Davis chronicles each step, misstep, and big juicy victory as he turns a small patch of soil into a bountiful vegetable garden
The long, skinny strip of brick-hard soil seemed an unlikely spot for a garden, but it gets sun all day. Plus, being downhill from a tall wall, the location is out of view if it looks messy.
Around The Web


text: On Wednesday 12 April 2006 15:45, Dimi Paun wrote: > Not to mention that said graphical client stores > mail on disk in format that last I've checked is not recognized by > other MUAs. FWIW, kmail (that I am using embedded in kontact) claims otherwise. :-) -- José Abílio


text:
Welcome to Cardinal Engineering
In 1989, Cardinal Environmental was founded in response to industry and public demand for quality, timely and comprehensive environmental engineering services.
Since its beginning, Cardinal has provided civil engineering services such as transportation design, land planning, utility study and design and site development. Through these projects, Cardinal developed a corporate resume with significant civil engineering and surveying projects of which to be proud.
In 1999, Cardinal purchased Lemke Land Surveying and changed our name to Cardinal Engineering to bring focus to in-house engineering, environmental, and surveying capabilities.
Utilizing over 80 years of collective experience, the Engineering Division differentiates itself from competing engineering firms by leveraging cutting-edge technology and a flat organizational structure to deliver high-quality, detailed design and project management services to its clients.
Providing multidisciplinary services to markets diversified by both industry and geography. We are committed to providing high quality, professional land surveying services to municipalities, engineers, architects, private and public organizations, governmental organizations and individuals.


text:
Your editorial, "Israel Parade: Missing In Action" (May 28), was right on target.
I've noticed for a very long time that the vast majority of those who go to the Salute to Israel Parade are Modern Orthodox. This parade is not a "religious" event; it is simply a tribute to and celebration of Israel, and therefore should attract Jews from across the religious spectrum. This is true not only of this parade but of many Jewishly oriented events.
The reason that a wider variety of Jews do not attend is not due to ideological or political differences with Israel. Rather it is due to indifference to things Jewish. Many of those who do not attend will be lost forever. Very sad, but very true.
Forest Hills, Queens
Our Newsletters, Your Inbox
Comment Guidelines
The Jewish Week feels comments create a valuable conversation and wants to feature your thoughts on our website. To make everyone feel welcome, we won't publish comments that are profane, irrelevant, promotional or make personal attacks.


text:
Have gone through many webpages about securing a wordpress site.
Applied many security steps like preventing directory listing, protecting .htaccess etc etc.
But I havent applied "Password Protecting a Directory with .htaccess" method which I um confused.
Which directory should I protect or is recommended? wp-admin, wp-content, and wp-includes?
Some site recommends to protect the wp-admin directory only, other recommends to protect the wp-includes only :S Some sites says that you can password protect all the directory !
If I allow user registration to visitors than I should not password protect my wp-admin directory. I am clear with that.
My site is going to be an ecommerce site which will not have any user registration. Visitor will enter and simply will buy the product. So which directories are recommended to protect using apache pasword protection? And Are there any harms in protecting the specific file wp-config.php? And what does the "RewriteRule ^(wp-includes)\/.*$ ./ [NC,R=301,L]" in .httacess will do?
Any help would be greatly appreciated.


text: Information Technologies & International Development http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid Information Technologies & International Development is an interdisciplinary open-access journal that focuses on the intersection of information and communication technologies (ICTs) with the "other four billion" – the share of the world population whose countries are not yet widely connected to the Internet nor widely considered in the design of new information technologies. USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism en-US Information Technologies & International Development 1544-7529 From Research to Policy Influence http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1501 Alison Gillwald 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 M-money as Conduit for Conditional Cash Transfers in the Philippines http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1502 Many developing countries provide conditional cash transfers (CCTs) for their poorest families. In the Philippines, CCT use has expanded rapidly such that in five years the amount of transfers increased by 3,300%, with PHP34 billion (US$801 million) disbursed in 2013. This expansion of deliveries has complicated government logistics. In an effort to reach the poor in all areas of the country, the government partnered with the telecommunication firm Globe's network of GCash merchants to provide direct cash payouts to CCT beneficiaries. This article investigates the CCT implementation through the cash-based GCash Remit system to determine its effectiveness, efficiency, and security. A cost comparison was done between the GCash Remit mode of CCT delivery and the potential use of noncash mobile money (m-money) platforms already in the market. The study is based on field observations, a randomized survey of 194 CCT beneficiaries, interviews with CCT program implementers and m-money providers, and scrutiny of the tariff data of m-money providers. Erwin A. Alampay Charlie Cabotaje 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 Policy and Regulatory Challenges Posed by Emerging Pricing Strategies http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1503 At the beginning of 2014, in some African countries mobile operators were offering bundles of voice, SMS, and data services. This emerged by applying the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 2010 price baskets methodology, which was used to analyze and compare prices in different countries and among operators and to develop a case study on South African mobile prepaid prices. This article discusses how mobile operators introduced new pricing strategies both to reduce churn rate and to challenge loss in voice and SMS revenues eroded by the use of Internet Protocol (IP) services. Although voice and SMS revenues were still the primary revenue streams for mobile operators, they decreased in 2013, while data and equipment revenues comprised an increasing share of revenue. Considering the complex structure of emerging bundle tariffs, the article recommends that national regulatory agencies request operators' disaggregated data on average revenue per user, minutes of use, and data traffic on their services to develop new price baskets based on the real use of mobile prepaid services. Enrico Calandro Chenai Chair 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 Toward Digital Inclusion: Understanding the Literacy Effect on Adoption and Use of Mobile Phones and the Internet in Africa http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1504 Mobile phones and the Internet are central components of the information and communication technology (ICT) landscape. ICTs are at the forefront of economic and social inclusion in contemporary societies. The accrued benefits, however, are not being realized fully in some regions. Although access has generally increased across Africa, the extent of adoption and use is suboptimal, thus undermining the role of ICTs in facilitating digital inclusion. This article looks at how three levels of literacy—basic, English-language, and e-skills—might affect adoption and use of mobile phones and the Internet in selected African countries. It sheds light on the role of literacy in the adoption process through evidence-based analysis. The analysis consists of logistic regressions performed on data from 12 African countries surveyed in relation to ICT access and use and supplemented by focus group data from six of these countries. It was found that, on average, both adoption and range of ICT uses correlated with increased basic literacy. Adoption and use increased even more when English-language and/or e-skills literacy were also present. Mariama Deen-Swarray 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 Digital Contradictions in Bangladesh: Encouragement and Deterrence of Citizen Engagement via ICTs http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1505 The research outlined in this article explored the emergence of new-media-driven citizen participation in Bangladesh against a background of contradictory government policy approaches to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The government's Digital Bangladesh initiative aims to make ICTs core to citizen empowerment and development at the national and local levels. At the same time, the "netizens" of Bangladesh are facing the challenges of a conservative ICT legal framework and aggressive state crackdowns on certain uses of new-media platforms. Using online data-mining applications and visualization software, the research analyzed ways in which Twitter was widely adopted in Bangladesh during the Shahbag political mobilization of 2013. The research also looked at positive and negative uses of new media in recent years and the state's draconian responses to new-media platforms and their users. The authors found that indiscriminate arrests, site blocks, and newly amended punitive measures have created hindrances to the development of a truly participatory digital space for communication. Faheem Hussain Mashiat Mostafa 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 The Potential of Mobile Network Big Data as a Tool in Colombo's Transportation and Urban Planning http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1506 Rapid urban population growth is straining transportation systems. A big data–centric approach to transportation management is already a reality in many developed economies, with transportation systems being fed a large quantity of sensor data. Developing countries, by contrast, rely heavily on infrequent and expensive surveys. With mobile phone use becoming ubiquitous, even in developing countries, there is potential to leverage data from citizens' mobile phone use for transportation planning. Such data can allow planners to produce insights quickly, without waiting for the proliferation of sensors. Using mobile network big data (MNBD) from Sri Lanka, our article explores this potential, producing mobility-related insights for the capital city of Colombo. MNBD-based insights cannot produce all the insights needed, but the high frequency and spatial resolution of the insights that they do provide can complement existing infrequent surveys. For resource-constrained developing economies, even an incremental advance in their ability to produce timely and actionable knowledge can improve existing transportation and urban planning. However, more research will be required before such techniques can be mainstreamed. Sriganesh Lokanathan Gabriel E. Kreindler N.H. Nisana de Silva Yuhei Miyauchi Dedunu Dhananjaya Rohan Samarajiva 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 Reimagining How to Govern the Internet http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1507 Indra De Lanerolle 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12 Contributors http://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/1508 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 12


text:
A pre-designed line from the equestrian experts at Blackburn
By offering four pre-designed barn models, Blackburn Greenbarns® reduces the design fees associated with custom design. These four barn models, which can be tweaked and modified (just ask us), use the same principles that make Blackburn Architects, P.C. the leading experts in equestrian design in order to provide clients with the same standards of excellence on a smaller budget.
We want you to know you don't have sacrifice the look, the functional quality, or sustainability to get the savings. What makes Blackburn Greenbarns® an even better alternative is the efficiency planned into its design and building. Once you have the plans for the Blackburn Greenbarns® model of your choice, hand them over to your local contractor—or use one of ours—and be as "hands off" or "hands on" as you like.
Blackburn Greenbarns® are built to last and are priced to be fully functional and equipped, leaving no last minute hassles or issues to solve with your builder.
Is it really that simple? We like to think so. Contact us for more information We're here to help.


text:
Zack Grady
Jackson, MS
Also Known As
Get Background Check on Zack
Zack Grady
Zack Has Lived In
Jackson, MS
Zack's Relatives
Zack Grady
StatusTight End Coach at Jackson State University
StatusTight End Coach at Jackson State University
Additional Infomation on Zack Grady
Zack Grady's Contact Information
Known Cities Lived In
Find out where Zack Grady has lived as well as Zack Grady's phone numbers and email addresses.
Zack Grady Has Lived in 1 State
Mississippi Address for Zack Grady
2212 Rxxxxxxx Sx
Jackson MS
Jackson MS
Has Lived InGet Full Address Report
Jackson, MS (4 Addresses)
Phone Numbers Associated with Zack Grady
Get Full Phone Report
(601) ***-**** - Bolton, MS
Email Address Associated with Zack Grady
Get Email Report
Zack Grady's Professional Information
Information regarding Zack Grady's professional history. Find out previous places Zack Grady has worked as well as dates employed. The following data is not guaranteed for accuracy and should not be used for employment, insurance, credit eligibility, or for any other purpose covered under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
Zack Grady Has Worked at 2 Places
Company: Jackson State University
Title: Tight End Coach
Company: Jsu
Zack Grady's Experience
Title: Tight End Coach
Company: Jackson State University
Job Details
Jackson State University was founded in 1877 and is located on 125 scenic acres just minutes away from downtown Jackson, Mississippi. As one of America's leading HBCU's, the university is proud of its many distinctions including being the only HBCU offering doctorates in both environmental science and early childhood education; one of only two HBCU's offering a program in marine science; and the only undergraduate program in professional meteorology in Mississippi, having the first undergraduate program in meteorology among the nation's HBCU's. More than 6,200 students from across the state, nation and numerous countries attend Jackson State. Degree programs are offered at all levels, with an emphasis on public service programs designed to enhance quality of life and seek solutions to urban problems in the physical, social, intellectual and economic environments.
Company: Jsu
Additional Professional Infomation on Zack Grady
All trademarks, product names, company names or logos on this page are the property of their respective owners.
Related People Searches


text:
Real Name: JonBaker
Date Joined: 08/21/2010
Messaging: Send a Private Message
Website: Don't have one
Bio: I love to see Phish live in concert. Can't seem to get enough of them
Music: Love to listen to Phish live, but also love Seger, J Geils, J. Tull and Moe.
Phish, in a few words: I've been to 17 Phish shows since 1995. Not that many really for a Phish fan. Hopefully I will get to see them alot more down the road.
Location: Dayton, Ohio


text:
Gemütlich mit einem Schlafzimmer in Queens
Anzahl von Gästen3
- Familien- / Kinderfreundlich
- Internet/WLAN
- Küche
- Balkon/Terrasse
- Handtücher
|Cornish ave, 11373 Elmhurst, NY, Vereinigte Staaten
|In wenigen Stunden
|Kalender aktualisiert
|Vor 2 Wochen
|Preis pro Woche
|542 €
|Preis pro Monat
|1885 €
|Check-in ab
|Check-in vor
|Nach Vereinbarung
|Check-out vor
Even better than expected.Jason is a great host and very helpful. This place is very close to the subway and you get to downtown quickly.also lots of real good street food places nearby tasty and low budget. I was there with 2 kids and it was great. Highly recommended
Stayed here with two friends for nine nights. Couldn't ask for anything better. With a fully equipped kitchen and bathroom to start off your day. Close to the subway station and convenience stores.
And you could always easily contact Jason, if any problem should occur.
Should I come back to N.Y., I would choose this place again.
We have very much enjoyed our stay with Jason. The apartment is spacious and fully equipped, including a LCD screen and computer, while the bathroom was clean and has a nice shower. The location is very near the Elmhurst Av subway station, with fast connections to Manhattan (20 minutes) and the neighborhood is friendly with several very nice places to enjoy Asian food. Finally, Jason took very good care of us during our stay.
The apartment is located near the lively Broadway street with a lot of Asian shops and restaurants. It is close to a rail with little traffic. Moreover some airplanes taken off from LGA across the sky over the area. Nevertheless Cornish Avenue is a quiet and safe street and we slept comfortably.
The "local trains" subway is near, about 3 minutes walk and from there you can arrive at Times Square in about 30 minutes. Alternatively, to reach Manhattan more quickly, 2 bus stops away (by Q53 bus) there is Jackson-Roosevelt metro station where many "express trains" stop.
The apartment was clean and looked larger than on the photos. It is very well equipped: kitchen with all accessories, bathroom with tub shower combo and hairdryer, bedroom with air conditioner and big and comfortable beds, living room with air conditioner, a big LCD tv and a PC. A good wifi connection is available.
Unfortunately we haven't meet Jason but he was always reachable if needed. He allowed late checkout and he called and scheduled a taxi for us.
Thanks again Jason!
Jason was very friendly and dedicated. The room was clean and looked like on the fotos. It was a nice stay. We would always come back again.
Our stay in te apartment was really comfortable, Jason was waiting for us upon our arrival and gave us all the directions needed to have a pleasant stay.
The apartment was exactly the same as in the pictures, nice and clean.
I would definitely recommend Jason's apartment for a nice stay in NYC.
This place is wonderful! Jason is an excellent host, very kind and attentive. The apartment / neighbourhood is very safe and clean, with all the things you can need. We recommend Jason´s properties to everyone!
Thank you, Jason, we felt as if we were at home! :-)
Our stay at Jason's was the best experience we have had through Wimdu. He is extremely helpful and the apartment is spotless clean.
Jason's can be recommended for everyone!
We had a very pleasant stay in Jason's appartment. The appartment is located in a quiet street but is near the lively Elmhurst avenue with a lot of Asian shops and restaurants and a direct connection to Manhattan. Jason is very nice and helpful. The appartment has all the necessary equipment.
Jason es un gran anfitrion, al llegar al piso nos contó todo lo que necesitabamos sobre supermercados, metro, etc. Dejó su número de whatsap para localizarlo para cualquier problema.
- Die Qualität der Unterkunft ist geprüft
- Jeder Gastgeber wird telefonisch verifiziert
- Sichere Bezahlung mit SSL-Verschlüsselung


text:
R.I.P. my good friend T3kr0 "you will never be forgotten!"
SPOOTNIK, T3KRO & 2R1 (dvs-dj's)
Live Recorded Dj-Battle @ DVS freeparty 03-12-2011 Scheveningen NL
Free Download Available @ DVS Website:
For Contact,
Send Your E-Mail 2:
[email protected]
For More Sounds, Gig-Info Or Other Spootnik Related Stuff,
Just Check Out These Following Links:
Like Spootnik On Facebook!
Link: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Spootni...
This comment has been deleted.
SPOOTNIK2 years agoReplyReport spam
new downloadlink:
Comment reported as spamThank you for your help!
This comment has been deleted.
SPOOTNIK4 years agoReplyReport spam
Visit www.dikkevingersoundsystem.nl for the free downloadable version of this mix-track & a lot more interesting content!!!
Comment reported as spamThank you for your help!


text:
Ex-Rovers defender Jones and his former team-mate Hanley, both 21, were reunited at Wembley on Wednesday night when England defeated Scotland 3-2.
It was a proud moment for Bowyer, who watched the pair progress through the ranks at Ewood Park together prior to England international Jones' big-money move to Manchester United.
While Bowyer concedes the two have contrasting on-field attributes, he believes they both possess the mental qualities needed to perform at the highest level.
"They're two different types of players but what they both have is a massive desire to succeed," said Bowyer.
"They have great work ethic, both of them. They have the will to win to the extent that they're like senior pros already and they're only 21.
"What they've gone through...they're a throwback, if you like. They've both got good families and good values, they deserve everything they've got, the pair of them."
Hanley played all 90 minutes for Gordon Strachan's side and enhanced his reputation further as they pushed the Auld Enemy all the way.
Bowyer acknowledges his defender has his sights set on top-flight football and hopes he can realise those aims at Blackburn.
"We offered him a big contract at the start of the year, a five-year deal, and he signed it; the lad's happy here," added Bowyer.
"He has aspirations to play up there and I'm delighted he has. Hopefully it can be with us, if not then the lad's destined to get there at some stage of his career."
- Sports & Recreation


text:
AURORA, Colo. (KKCO) -- The No. 2 Fruita Monument Wildcats beat No. 15 Pomona 6-5 and No. 10 Standley Lake 8-7 on Friday to earn a spot in Saturday morning's 5A State semi-finals.
No. 7 Central lost to Standley Lake 11-7 in the round of 16. Fellow SWL member No. 16 Montrose lost to No. 1 Wheat Ridge by a score of 11-1.
The Wildcats will play No. 3 Rock Canyon on Saturday at 10 a.m.


text:
The DPW's water supply division will begin work shortly on replacing and upgrading 4,000 feet of water main on Scudder Avenue from Greenwood Avenue to Craigville Beach Road and about 575 feet on Suomi Road in Hyannis.
The work, which includes replacement of valves, hydrants, and customer water services up to the property line, is intended to improve water quality and fire flows. Major work is to be done this fall, with final paving completed in next spring.
The project contractor will notify customers two weeks before an anticipated water service interruption, with specific information about days and times.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
11. est8:03 AM GMT on March 02, 2013
really interesting post, but on the European Alps there would still be something to say.
snowiest areas, with the same altitude, are some of the mountains of Austria and Switzerland. Körbersee (Vorarlberg - A, 5495 ft) has 418.1 inches of snowfall on average (1981/2012), with a record of 945 inches in 1967. Grimsel Hospiz (VS - SWI, 6496 ft) has 496 inches of snowfall on average (1981/2010). Tauplitzalm (Steiermark - A, 5396 ft) has 442 inches of average (1981/2010). Above the 9800 ft average snowfall can exceed 65 ft (eg, the weather station of Sonnblick - 10,187 ft - has an average snowfall of 869.3 inches for the period 81/10). However snowy winters can hit also other sides of the Alps, and not only Austria and Switzerland. In 1950/51 many weather stations of the Italian Alps exceeded 65 ft of snowfall, with maximum snowdepth of more than 23 ft and a peak of 36.9 ft (meteorological station of Lago d'Avino, Piedmont). However, there is evidence of some nineteenth century winters with more snow.
Member Since: March 1, 2013 Posts: 0 Comments: 1


text:
Arsenal Message Board
The Londoners The Londoners Jan 21, 2012 18:17 Flag
Billy - You Got Mail A/Hole
When people were real arsehole...
Born in the;
50's, 60's and early 70's !
First, we survived being born to mothers who smoked and/or drank while they carried us and lived in houses made of asbestos...
They took aspirin, ate blue cheese, raw egg products, loads of bacon and processed meat, tuna from a can, and didn't get tested for diabetes or cervical cancer.
Then after that trauma, our baby cots were covered with bright coloured lead-based paints.
We had no childproof lids on medicine bottles, doors or cabinets and when we rode our bikes, we had no helmets or shoes, not to mention, the risks we took hitchhiking.
As children, we would ride in cars with no seat belts or air bags.
We drank water from the garden hose and NOT from a bottle.
Take away food was limited to fish and chips, no pizza shops, McDonalds , KFC, Subway or Nandos...
Even though all the shops closed at 6.00pm and didn't open on a Sunday, somehow we didn't starve to death!
We shared one soft drink with four friends, from one bottle and NO ONE actually died from this.
We could collect old drink bottles and cash them in at the corner store and buy Toffees, Gobstoppers, Bubble Gum and some bangers to blow up frogs with.
We ate cupcakes, white bread and real butter and drank soft drinks with sugar in it, but we weren't overweight because........
We would leave home in the morning and play all day, as long as we were back when the streetlights came on.
No one was able to reach us all day. And we were O..K.
We would spend hours building our go-carts out of old prams and then ride down the hill, only to find out we forgot the brakes. We built tree houses and dens and played in river beds with matchbox cars.
We did not have Playstations, Nintendo Wii , X-boxes, no video games at all, no 999 channels on SKY ,
no video/dvd films,
no mobile phones, no personal computers, no Internet or Internet chat rooms..........WE HAD FRIENDS and we went outside and found them!
We fell out of trees, got cut, broke bones and teeth and there were no
Lawsuits from these accidents.
Only girls had pierced ears..
You could only buy Easter Eggs and Hot Cross Buns at Easter time...
We were given air guns and catapults for our 10th birthdays,
We rode bikes or walked to a friend's house and knocked on the door or rang the bell, or just yelled for them!
Mum didn't have to go to work to help dad make ends meet because we didn't need to keep up with the Jones's!
Not everyone made the rugby/football/cricket/netball team. Those who didn't had to learn to deal with disappointment. Imagine that!! Getting into the team was based on
MERIT a/hole..
Our teachers used to hit us with canes and gym shoes and throw the blackboard rubber at us if they thought we weren't concentrating .
We can string sentences together and spell and have proper conversations because of a good, solid three R's education.
Our parents would tell us to ask a stranger to help us cross the road.
The idea of a parent bailing us out if we broke the law was unheard of.
They actually sided with the law!
Our parents didn't invent stupid names for their kids like 'Kiora' and 'Blade' and 'Ridge' and 'Vanilla' and 'Tiger'
We had freedom, failure, success and responsibility, and we learned HOW TO
What are you worth today Billy 'Guy'.
That was life then. You I think would have died.... a/holeSort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
William Guy William Guy Jan 22, 2012 15:50 Flag
dial 911 and call an ambulance for gilly - shes going going gone - a post of 619 words of complete garbage
forget your medication again?
- 1 Reply to William Guy
You counted all the words? Are you speshial?
I don't know what's wrong with the post. I saw a similar thing a few years ago. Claiming that whilst kids today have playground areas that are padded with re-cycled tyres made into mats, back in the 70's we had to make do with concrete and broken glass.
There are plenty of other examples of this kind of post too on FB.
- 1 Reply to John
The Londoners The Londoners Jan 23, 2012 07:46 Flag
Well thank you John. I didnt know about the recycled tyres; but it seems to fit in with everything else there is to a zombies life in the 21st century....
A Yahoo! User Jan 21, 2012 18:37 Flag
quick everyone gilly is having a major meltdown
come watch
hurry its hilarious
- 1 Reply to A Yahoo! User
The Alcoholic Brown Family The Alcoholic Brown Family Jan 22, 2012 01:02 Flag
"We can string sentences together and spell"
Yeah Gillian, like this ....
"Swings and round-abouts mate. It all goes in circles over time. And as they say, what's meant for you, won't go by you. Words your could do very much better than to consider after 40 years. And I use the term consider in its Latin sense Considre. Consider the tale of 'there's is always a bit you can't get at', like opening a can of sardines eg; there's always a little bit left in the corner. Is there perhaps a 'little bit' in the corner of your life you missed?
Moral of the story is; never 'buy' sardines if you're 'dying' for a bit."


text:
- Report: #845692
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: No No by Radiancy
No No by RadiancyInternet United States of America
No No by Radiancy The product doesn't work as advertised and I was double charged Internet
Ripoff Report
About you?
Ripoff Report
A business' first
line of defense
on the Internet.
If your business is
willing to make a
commitment to
customer satisfaction
Click here now..
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
The product doesnt work as well as advertised I used it for the 60 days trial, 3 times a week; it takes forever to burn the hair, takes me over 2 hours to do both legs and bikini area. And even using the buffer afterwards there would still remain stubs, a lot of them. But my BIGGEST COMPLAINT is because I had problems when I bought the Thermicon refills. After
about 30 days of using the no!no! 8800 I needed new Thermicons, so I bought the refill kit on-line, and my card was charged TWICE for it!
Since January 11th Ive been trying to get my money back for the double charge. Have called the customer service SEVERAL times and their customer service representatives keep telling me that in their system one of the debts has been voided, but in my account is still appearing both debts. I sent faxes of my bank account statement showing both debts, and
even a letter from the bank saying that they did not received any money to be credited in my account related to those debts. The last fax and e-mail I sent to Radiancy was over a week ago and they didn`t get back to me at all, they
never do... I call them again today, but the answer was the same lame one In our system it appears as voided. Apparently I will not receive my $38.95 back it is not a lot of money, but it is my money, and I wish this company would
have a little respect for their customers. I returned the no!no! and the refills because I didnt wanna have this kind of trouble every time I had to by new Thermicons, it is not worth it! I did receive the refund for the returned products, but not for the double charge. This company does not respect its clients! When I call complaining about the double charge the operators usually treat me as I was making it up seriously!? For 38 bucks! I have more things to do than try to extort 38 bucks. I only want what is mine!
So, I DO NOT recommend anyone to purchase any product from this company - you may be double charged and NEVER GET YOUR MONEY BACK!
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/27/2012 10:11 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/No-No-by-Radiancy/internet/No-No-by-Radiancy-The-product-doesnt-work-as-advertised-and-I-was-double-charged-Interne-845692. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report.
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on No No by Radiancy
If you would like to see more Rip-off Reports on this company/individual, search here:Search Tips
In order to assure the best results in your search:
- Keep the name short & simple, and try different variations of the name.
- Do not include ".com", "S", "Inc.", "Corp", or "LLC" at the end of the Company name.
- Use only the first/main part of a name to get best results.
- Only search one name at a time if Company has many AKA's.
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.