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The Bergen County Prosecutor's Office is composed of Criminal Investigation Squads which are charged with investigating specific types of crimes. Each one of the Criminal Investigations Squads is staffed with detectives who investigate the crimes and Assistant Prosecutors who are charged with prosecuting the criminals. Listed below are the Divisions within the Bergen County Prosecutor`s Office. Each squad link provides specific information.
The Major Crimes Unit, which was formed in October of 2003, encompasses the following investigative squads: Homicide, Cold Case Homicide, Arson and Fatal Accident. The following is a breakdown of each respective investigative squad and its responsibilities within the Major Crimes Unit:
The Homicide Squad is responsible for investigating all homicides and suspicious deaths that occur within the County of Bergen. This includes the death of a person while in police custody and police involved shootings. The Squad is also responsible for the investigation of persons missing under circumstances which appear suspicious. The squad is also responsible for investigating unsolved homicides that occurred within Bergen County. The investigations are conducted jointly by the Homicide Squad and the police department where the death occurred. When requested by municipal departments, the Squad sometimes assists in attempted murder cases, depending on the severity of injury inflicted and the complexity of the case.
The Cold Case Homicide Squad is responsible for the investigation of all cold case homicides within Bergen County. A murder investigation is deemed a cold case once a year has past since the murder and no arrest has been made.
The Arson Squad is responsible for investigating and determining the origin and cause of arson and arson related crimes within the County of Bergen. These investigations include fires involving fatalities or seriously injured individuals, all commercial and mercantile buildings/shopping mall fires when open or closed for business, all fire incidents in schools, daycare centers, houses of worship, colleges or universities, healthcare facilities and Federal, County, Municipal government buildings, fires in vacant buildings, fire in establishments scheduled to be demolished or sold, suspicious fires, fires which are repeated at the same location or where a series of fires indicates a pattern of arson activity, rapidly spreading fires, large scale fires, an explosion where there is a detection of any incendiary/explosive device, fires in boats, airplanes, and motor vehicles fires involving vehicles that are three years old or newer and/or involving a high value, to include leased vehicles and garages, attached or detached, where it is substantially damaged by fire.
The Fatal Accident Investigation Squad is responsible for investigating fatal and serious bodily injury motor vehicle crashes, which involve criminal recklessness within the County of Bergen. These investigations include collisions where death or serious bodily injury occurs and in which driving while intoxicated (known or possible), excessive speed, two or more moving violations, hit and run, police pursuit, an emergency vehicle, and/or known or potential multiple fatality is a factor in the collision(s). The unit also assists municipalities within Bergen County in complex non-criteria motor vehicle collisions.
The Juvenile Section of the Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office is responsible for the prosecution of juvenile delinquency cases heard in the Family Part of the Chancery Division of Superior Court. Cases processed in Bergen County indicate that juvenile offenders are increasingly younger than in previous years. Children under the age of 12 and those who are 12, 13, and 14, have been taken into custody for arsons, assaults and sexual assaults. Regardless of the reasons for their delinquency, younger offenders pose a unique challenge to the courts. The Juvenile Unit seeks to promote accountability for the juvenile�s actions, while protecting the community and seeking rehabilitation services to assist the juvenile in becoming a productive member of society.
Juveniles charged with serious offenses, or who are not expected to appear voluntarily for court, may be detained at a juvenile detention center pending court action. Juveniles are not eligible for release on bail.
The Juvenile Intake Unit, an arm of the courts, is responsible for screening all juvenile delinquency complaints that are filed. Intake also recommends whether a complaint is diverted by sending it to the local juvenile conference committee or intake service conferences or referred for court action. The juvenile, along with a parent or guardian, is required to appear to answer the charges.
The Juvenile Unit consists of four assistant prosecutors, one investigator and one paralegal. One of the assistant prosecutors is designated as the section chief, and another serves as assistant section chief. In addition to supervising the administrative functions in the section, the section chief handles more serious cases including high-profile cases and those designated for waiver to adult court. The Unit chief also serves as legal advisor for all juvenile officers in the municipal police departments throughout Bergen County. The Juvenile Unit also works closely with the Prosecutor�s Office Victim-Witness Assistance Unit to see that victims are dealt with fairly and compassionately during their court involvement.
The Juvenile Unit�s investigative staff consists of one investigator who reports to the lieutenant in charge of the Trial and Grand Jury sections. The investigator performs traditional functions including interviewing witnesses and sending out subpoenas. Because the Juvenile Unit has no central record room, the investigator and paralegal maintain the section�s files and statistical information.
The Special Investigations Squad conducts investigations involving illegal gambling, criminal usury(loansharking), extortion, prostitution,(massage parlors, escort services), murder for hire, traditional organized crime, armed robbery, carjacking, burglary, home invasion, kidnapping, theft by extortion and illegal possession and sale of firearms.
These investigations are generated from a variety of sources and agencies. Apart from traditional organized crime, the Special Investigations Squad focuses on individuals and groups involved in multi-jurisdictional crime patterns affecting Bergen County. Working cooperatively with municipal, state and federal law enforcement agencies information is evaluated, disseminated and investigated. When appropriate, task forces are assembled containing detectives from the Prosecutor�s Office and pertinent law enforcement agencies to address specific crime patterns.
Twelve Assistant Prosecutors and five Detectives are assigned to the Trial Section, including the Trial Chief and three assistant chiefs. Together, these attorneys representing the State of New Jersey, prosecute the majority of indictable criminal offenses brought by local, county, and state police law enforcement agencies. Court proceedings in these matters include, but are not limited to, arraignments, motions, pre trial conferences, trials, sentencing, and post conviction relief issues.
Once a Bergen County Grand Jury votes to indict a case, the Trial Chief reviews the file and assigns the matter to the trial prosecutor, who will handle the matter through its final disposition. The trial assistant prosecutor reviews the file -- including the criminal history of the defendant -- to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the case and to become familiar with the victim, if an identifiable victim is involved. This is necessary to meaningfully discuss the case with a supervisor in order to devise a fair plea offer, and to determine whether the defendant is a suitable candidate for admission into the Pre-trial Intervention Program (PTI). Only the Trial Chief, the assistant trial chiefs and senior trial attorneys, have the authority to extend and modify plea offers. A significant number of cases are disposed of by way of PTI or a negotiated plea. Bearing in mind the rights and feelings of the victim(s), these resolutions can benefit all parties involved by bringing a case to a swift and just conclusion.
The defendants whose cases proceed to trial are most often those who are either charged with the more serious offenses or whose lengthy criminal records preclude any reasonable plea negotiations. Other cases which are tried reflect the Prosecutor's Office policy on specific crimes, namely those crimes which are so sensitive to human dignity that they demand an enhanced degree of public scrutiny through the trial process. Such cases are tried in open court and a jury of citizens residing in Bergen County decides the ultimate verdict. The sentencing of defendants always include a recommendation made by an assistant prosecutor on behalf of the State of New Jersey.
The Appellate and Law Section is responsible for researching and writing all the briefs, motions and petitions filed by the Bergen County Prosecutor's Office in the New Jersey Appellate Division and Supreme Court, the United States District Court, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals and the United States Supreme Court. These briefs address legal issues in cases ranging from homicides to DWI prosecutions. The majority of our appellate level work is directed at upholding the convictions of persons who have been tried and found guilty. However, the Section also takes interlocutory appeals when a judge has, in our estimation, erroneously ruled critical evidence inadmissible at trial.
The Appellate Section is also responsible for writing briefs and giving legal advice on major prosecutions and novel issues at the trial level, working particularly on homicides and other violent crimes. For a number of prosecutions, the Section drafts proposed jury instructions, provides legal advice and, with increasing frequency, assistance on trial level briefs on all types of cases. Additionally, appellate attorneys are frequently consulted for advice on active investigations. Other significant functions of the Appellate Section include arguing appeals and motions at the appellate and trial levels; advising the Prosecutor and First Assistant Prosecutor on legal questions, and providing training to law enforcement officers and municipal prosecutors.
The Grand Jury Section has responsibility for the preparation and presentation of cases for indictment, with subsequent disposition by the Trial Section. The Grand Jury Section also handles Case Intake/Screening, the administration of the Pre-Indictment Program (PIP) and Drug Court proceedings. The Grand Jury Section consists of eight assistant Prosecutors, five detectives and four clerical/paralegal staff.
All indictable criminal complaints originating in Bergen County are referred by the municipal courts to the Prosecutor�s Office. The complaints undergo a screening process in which they are reviewed by an assistant prosecutor in consultation with a representative of the municipal police department. A decision is made as to whether the case will be handled by the Prosecutor�s Office or returned to the municipal court for disposition.
Most cases that will be prosecuted by this Office are scheduled for PIP Court through the Criminal Case Manager�s Office. At PIP Court, cases may be resolved by a guilty plea or pre-trial intervention admission. Otherwise, if a disposition cannot be agreed upon, the case is forwarded to the Grand Jury for presentation.
The Grand Jury is an independent body consisting of 23 members of the community, with 12 affirmative votes needed in order to return an indictment. Its proceedings are conducted confidentially. An assistant prosecutor will elicit witness testimony before the Grand Jury to establish whether or not there is probable cause for the return of an indictment. Upon hand-up of an indictment by the Grand Jury, the case is transferred to the Trial Section for disposition.
The Drug Court program is a cooperative effort with the Court that endeavors to give prison-eligible defendants an opportunity to avail themselves of drug rehabilitation. This may include rigorous probation with out-patient or long-term in-patient treatment. The assigned assistant prosecutors screen the cases to be sure the defendant meets the legal and residency requirements of the program, works out a plea agreement with the defense attorney and participates in monitoring the participants for compliance with the program.
The Bergen county Prosecutors� Office, Counter-Terrorism/Intelligence Unit mission is to provide informed, effective and timely analysis of information to support the Bergen County Law and Public Safety mission. The unit�s goals are support the prevention of crime and terrorism, and to successfully identify crimes, trends, and patterns.
The units main focus is to service the Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office with investigations as well as local police departments located in Bergen County. In addition, we extend our services to departments in adjoining counties and the remaining counties in New Jersey and counties outside of the State of New Jersey.
The unit is currently comprised of seven (7) individuals. Three (3) of these individuals are responsible for Counter-Terrorism issues and are a liaison between Bergen County, the Department of Homeland Security, and the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness. The remaining personnel are responsible for Intelligence issues.
The Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office Domestic Violence Unit is responsible for prosecuting all indictable domestic violence crimes committed in Bergen County. The squad is also responsible for prosecuting all non-indictable contempt cases heard by the Superior Court - Family Division, as well as all weapons forfeiture matters that arise from domestic violence incidents. In addition, the squad handles all allegations of willful non-support and matters alleging interference with custody. Additionally, the unit oversees the investigation of all police officer involved acts of domestic violence, and is ultimately responsible for advising the Prosecutor concerning the rearming process for these individuals.
The domestic violence legal staff currently consists of three attorneys who handle the caseload in the sections. One assistant prosecutor is designated as the chief and is responsible for the overall supervision and administration of the squad, as well as training in the area of domestic violence law, and handling cases of police officer-involved acts of domestic violence. The chief and one other attorney in the unit handle indictable cases from inception through disposition, while the remaining assistant prosecutor is responsible for the non-indictable contempt cases and most of the weapons forfeiture matters. Members of the legal staff of the unit are available 24 hours a day to provide legal advice regarding domestic violence to the 72 law enforcement agencies in Bergen County.
The investigative staff is comprised of a sergeant and one paralegal. The detective-sergeant and paralegal are responsible for preparing indictable matters, including jail cases, for Pre-Indictment Plea court, Grand Jury presentation and ultimately for trial. The Paralegal gathers all required information on the weapons forfeiture matters and non-indictable contempt cases for court. The detective sergeant assigned to the unit is responsible of compiling reports and other information on the cases entailing police officer-involved acts of domestic violence.
A domestic violence counselor is assigned to the unit and facilitates immediate contact between the Prosecutor�s Office and the victims of domestic violence offenses. This immediate contact is crucial in domestic violence cases. Referrals can be made to obtain needed assistance for the victim. As a result, the victim may become more cooperative with law enforcement. In addition, the counselor provides support for the victims/witnesses during the Grand Jury and court proceedings and can answer questions when victims call to find out the status of their case, or to inquire about available services.
The Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office protocol for accepting referrals of willful non-support cases from the Bergen County Probation Department Child Support Enforcement Unit (CSEU) was completed in 2003. The CSEU refers to our office those willful non-support cases that meet the criteria for criminal prosecution under the established protocol.
Together with the local police, the domestic violence unit strives to prosecute domestic violence offenders and provide support services to the victims.
The Bergen County Prosecutor's Office Sex Crimes and Child Abuse Unit responds to the unique problems connected with sexual offenses and child abuse. The unit consists of four assistant prosecutors, a lieutenant, three sergeants, ten investigators, one agent, a SANE Nurse and a Victim Witness Advocate. The unit has the following objectives:
The unit is also responsible for the registration of sex offenders pursuant to Megan`s Law, along with notifications to local departments and the community, where applicable. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, that includes law enforcement, prosecution, child protective services, family services and medical services, a maximum amount of information is gathered from victims and their families with a minimum amount of trauma. This approach has led to greater communication among the varied professionals that deal with child abuse on a daily basis. Consequently, reporting is up and victims and their families are less likely to withdraw or recant, making for prosecutions that are more efficient and encompassing.
The Children`s House, a child advocacy center run under the auspices of the Bergen County Prosecutor`s Office, the Division of Youth and Family Services, and Hackensack University Medical Center has further enhanced this multi-disciplinary approach. A child-friendly interview room with observation area, pleasant waiting areas, physical examination room and meeting room are situated in a relaxed house-like setting where children feel comfortable sharing the details of their abuse.
The primary goal of the Bergen County Prosecutor`s Office Sex Crimes and Child Abuse Unit is to accomplish justice by securing the conviction of any person who violates our laws by victimizing women and children. In addition, the Unit is determined to make the victim`s contact with the criminal justice system as trauma-free as possible. It is felt that the multi-disciplinary approach we have chosen represents the best possible chance of accomplishing these goals.
The White Collar Crimes Unit is responsible for the investigation of major theft and fraud offenses committed in Bergen County. Generally, the White Collar Crimes Unit limits its participation in theft and fraud investigations to cases involving a loss of $75,000 or more. Due to the complex and multi-jurisdictional nature of theft and fraud investigations, the squad often assists local municipalities in cases requiring special expertise.
Currently, the White Collar Crimes Unit is staffed with an assistant prosecutor, a lieutenant, one sergeant and two detectives. A member of the squad is on call to respond to emergent matters after hours and on weekends.
The types of theft or fraud cases handled by the White Collar Crimes Unit include such offenses as theft by deception, forgery, embezzlement, stock fraud, insurance fraud, credit card fraud, home improvement fraud, elder fraud and violations of professional licensing statutes.
Cases are developed through information received directly from victims, municipal police departments and other law enforcement agencies, consumer protection agencies and through New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice referrals.
The White Collar Crimes Unit regularly fields citizen contacts concerning issues that may not fall within the purview of the squad. Although personnel are prohibited from providing legal advice, the citizen will be referred to a more appropriate agency.
The core function of the Animal Cruelty Task Force is the proactive investigation and prosecution of alleged cases of animal neglect and cruelty within Bergen County. The task force works in cooperation with local law enforcement in the investigation of all complaints. Community education is one component of the task force�s work.
Animal Cruelty Task Force investigations are generated by tips from the public, Animal Control Officers and local law enforcement to our central dispatch at 201-573-8900. The dispatch line is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Callers should be mindful that they may remain anonymous, however in case of criminal prosecution a witness will be required.
The Animal Cruelty Task Force is comprised of dedicated volunteers. Members attend continuing education classes on evenings and weekends to hone their skills as Animal Cruelty Investigators. All members are required to complete a rigorous curriculum and basic firearms qualification at the Bergen County Law & Public Safety Institute in Mahwah.
On December 1, 2006, in response to the increase in gang activity and gang related crime in Bergen County, the Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office created the Bergen County Gang Unit. The creation of the task force was in conjunction with the Office of the Bergen County Sheriff. Each police department in Bergen County has designated a police officer(s) as a gang task force member. The purpose of the County Gang Unit is to more effectively and jointly combat the rising increase in gang membership, gang activity and gang crime throughout Bergen County. The Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office Gang Unit provides educational training and promotes a closer working relationship among gang investigators, law enforcement and the public. The Gang Unit also promotes extensive information gathering, rapid dissemination of intelligence and exchange of information concerning gang related incidents and membership. The information gathered is disseminated between law enforcement agencies within and outside of Bergen County. Additionally, the Gang Unit enforces the criminal statutes of the State of New Jersey through investigation and prosecution.
The Bergen County Prosecutor�s Office Narcotic Task Force has evolved to its present form over a period of about thirty years. The mission of the Narcotic Task Force is to investigate the illegal use and distribution of illicit drugs within Bergen County and to service the municipal police agencies within the county. It does so utilizing a multi-jurisdictional approach. Municipal police departments within Bergen County are encouraged to assign personnel to the Narcotic Task Force for varying periods of duration and the Narcotic Task Force routinely assigns personnel to other investigative agencies as well, believing that it is only through cooperation that law enforcement�s anti drug efforts will be successful. Narcotic Task Force personnel serve full time with the United States Immigration and Custom�s Service (ICE) and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
The Narcotic Task Force is also involved in the drug enforcement training and education of police officers and both hosts and provides instructors for in-service police training classes conducted at the Bergen County Police Academy and other police training academies. Instructors are also provided for Basic Police Training recruits. The Narcotic Task Force cooperates with the New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, the New Jersey State Police and the County Narcotic Task Force Commander�s Association of New Jersey by supplying faculty for the state�s premier drug enforcement courses; Top Gun, the Drug Unit Supervisor�s Training and the Undercover Narcotic Investigation Training courses which are attended by law enforcement personnel throughout the country. Community outreach programs are also conducted in the county�s schools and through civic groups. Those interested in a drug awareness program are encouraged to contact their local police in that the Narcotic Task Force coordinates all enforcement and education efforts through the municipal police chiefs and departments.
The Civil Unit of the Bergen County Prosecutor`s Office is responsible for prosecuting all civil forfeitures within Bergen County. In order to act as a deterrent against future crimes and to deprive criminals of the illicit gains of their crimes, New Jersey law pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:64-1 et. seq., permits the forfeiture of property that has been used, or is intended to be used, in furtherance of an unlawful activity arising from an indictable offense. The procedures to forfeit property as well as the use of property after forfeiture are subject to strict guidelines promulgated by the Office of the Attorney General. The Civil Unit prosecutes civil forfeiture actions where the State has seized currency, automobiles, real estate and other property received as proceeds or utilized in connection with or in furtherance of the underlying criminal activity. Some common examples of property that is subject to forfeiture include: illegal weapons, currency that is used to purchase drugs or promote loan sharking, automobiles used to transport illegal weapons or narcotics, laptops containing child pornography and homes where drugs are illegally distributed.
The State has the burden of proving the forfeitability of each property by a preponderance of the evidence. Once satisfied, all interests in the property are forfeited unless claimants can prove by a preponderance of the evidence that they were innocent owners.
After settlement or by entry of judgment in a forfeiture action the proceeds are distributed to participating state and local law enforcement purposes and expenditures are reviewed and supervised by the Prosecutor`s Office.
The Civil Unit also handles miscellaneous civil litigation involving the Bergen County Prosecutor`s Office. Among other civil litigation practices, the Civil Unit files complaints and motions, negotiates settlements and is responsible for trials. Another aspect of the Unit`s responsibility is the handling and processing of Open Public Records Act requests and subpoenas.
The Computer Division provides information systems and support to every law enforcement agency in Bergen County, which includes municipal, county, state and federal agencies. The services are provided through distributed computing systems over a countywide TCP/IP network. By utilizing these systems and the network, law enforcement personnel within the county can share information with each other as well as with state agencies like the New Jersey State Police and federal agencies like the Drug Enforcement Agency.
All of the systems and the network are monitored and supported by the Computer Division Operations unit 24 hours per day 365 days per year. Other units within the division include Applications and Web Development, Applications Support, Systems Support, Data Control, Hardware Support and Administration.
The Computer Division Helpdesk is available at all times at 201-226-5605.
|All Rights Reserved.


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OTTAWA - A new Statistics Canada employment survey has cast a cloud over its previously-announced large pick-up in jobs in November.
The delayed survey of industry released Thursday found that employers shed 33,800 net jobs in November.
Last month, Statistics Canada, reporting on a survey of Canadian households, found employers added 111,000 jobs in November - a number that shocked many economists and seemed to signal the advent of a strong economic rebound.
That data indicated an actual net gain of 79,000 jobs because of a drop in the number of self-employed.
This is the second time in four months that the two surveys - which use different methodologies - have shown such a pronounced disparity.
Economists say that over time the two surveys even out, but some suggest that the industry estimate likely more accurately reflects the current underlying weakness in Canada's labour market.
The industry survey also most closely resembles the U.S. non-farm payroll data used to calculate unemployment south of the border.
Bank of Montreal economist Michael Gregory also pointed out that the household survey "gave back" a little - 9,000 - of the outsized November jobs gain the following month, presenting a flatter picture of the labour market over the two months.
Another sign that good jobs are still scarce is that average employee weekly earnings rose a mere 1.3 per cent in November from a year earlier, just barely above inflation.
In recession-sensitive industries such as manufacturing and construction, weekly earnings were lower than in November 2008 - down 1.4 per cent and 0.9 per cent respectively.
Organizations: Statistics Canada, Bank of Montreal
Geographic location: OTTAWA, Canada, U.S.Top of page

subset: commoncrawl


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PHOTO: Amazing 90s Pic of 'The Rock' Surfaces
Posted July 17th, 2014 @ 5:49am
This amazing photo of 'The Rock' Dwayne Johnson surfaced on Reddit a few days ago. We're not sure where or why this photo was taken, but for now we're enjoying the turtle neck chain, mom jeans and fanny pack.
Internet gold!
Take not of the matching bracelet and necklace! AMAZEBALLS!
Source: reddit.com


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Search Result for faq — 9 articles
- Records FAQ
- Civil FAQ
- Detention Center FAQ
- Hiring Process FAQ
- Patrol Deputy Positions
What does Patrol Deputy do? The men and women assigned to the Blaine County Sheriff's Office Patrol Division perform the most visible and recognizable functions at the Sheriff's Office. Patrol Officers are commonly seen in their roles of traffic enforcement or responding to a citizen's call for assistance. You will find them behind the wheel… read more »
- Career Opportunities
Current Job Openings: There are no positions open at this time. We always accepting Applications for future Deputy positions. To learn more about BCSO employment click on the links above and see our Hiring Process FAQs . To Apply Download Hiring Documents: BCSO Application for Employment 2016 BCSO Personal History Questionnaire 2016.docx Additional Information: Physical Readiness… read more »
- Detention Deputy Positions
What does a Detention Deputy do? Being a Deputy in the Blaine County Detention Facility is a highly skilled profession. Deputies attend the Idaho Peace Officer Standards and Training Academy for 6 weeks, complete an extensive in house JTO program, and receive annual specialized training. Detention Deputies perform a long list of interesting and challenging duties daily…. read more »
- Central Control Positions
What Does a Central Control Operator Do? A Control Operator is an entry level non-certified detention staff position whose primary responsibility is to assist the safety, security and movement of staff and incarcerated public offenders in the Blaine County Detention Center. Control Operators require a HIGH LEVEL OF MULTI-TASKING ability to operate technical systems for… read more »
- Victim Notification
Victim Services VINE Idaho Statewide Service Number: (866) 984-6343 or visit www.vinelink.com What is VINE? VINE (Victim Information and Notification Everyday) is an automated service provided by the Idaho Sheriff's Association that lets you track an offender's custody and court case status over the phone or Internet. You can register to be notified by phone… read more »


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We are due with #2 in April and considering me being SAHM. I currently work part time but with two kids in daycare now it won't really be worth it for me to work. My quesiton is, did any of you ladies have to make a lot of budget cuts in order to be SAHM? My DH has a great job but we have alot of debt and school loans to pay off so if I were to SAH, we would have to make some serious cuts. We are looking at getting rid of our cellphones and cable. That would save us almost 300$ a month. What did you have to sacrifice?
Question for SAHMs
When i worked we could spend without thinking about it because there was plenty of money. The biggest difference is that now we cant do that. We just bought a second flat screen tv to go in our basement. When we bought the first one a few years ago we just went out and bought it. This one we put money aside over several months so we could afford it. Also we have to save up money well in advance for vacations. When i worked we never had to do that.
I have just started to SAH also and am terrified as well. I have started to do a lot of couponing and just looking for sales. I agree with other posts that you just don't go out and buy whatever you want now. I go to consignment sales for kids clothing (already did that for extra clothes) but just save up for special clothing. We figured out that if I wasn't driving to and from my clients homes we would save a bunch also. We were lucky and have just paid off my DH's car so we are putting what we would have been paying for his car to pay off mine earlier. I think eating at home will make a huge difference because as working Mom we end up running out for the convenience stuff due to no time to plan for dinners.
FTM- Baby Girl born at 35 weeks 3 days weighing 6 lbs. 2 oz. Originally part of team green.
Write out a meal plan...that helps a ton!! We don't have cable. We don't have a house phone. We do have our cell phones. We like having a way to call for help if needed. we do have Netflix and like it so far. It gives us things to watch without renting or buying things.
Ask no questions, hear no lies! ~ I love that movie!!
After I had DD I made it back to my full time job one day. I couldn't do it. So I decided to work as a waitress PT to bring in some extra cash. I was terrified to quit because I was certain I could NOT do it. I started doing a lot of research on being a SAHM and found a certain article that really helped ease my fears. http://www.thesimpledollar.com/2007/12/17/the-real-value-of-stay-at-home-parenting/. Let me tell you becoming a FT SAHM was the BEST decision I have ever made in my entire life.
We changed some things in our life, but not a lot.
- We do not eat out much anymore. We allow ourselves on lunch and one dinner out. We buy food from the grocery and buy off brands (unless the off brand is terrible :)). We make sure we go every week. I would like to say that I cut coupons but I really don't. Although that would also help!
- We have our mortgage split up on the 1st and the 15th, rather than one time a month. It actually really helps us be able to budget our money.
- We have home internet so we do not have it on our phones. I think those phones take away from family time anyways.
- We have only basic cable.
- We stopped shopping for ourselves. And started buying X-mas presents earlier in the year so it did not sneak up on us in Nov or Dec.
- I take our DD to story time at the library, and an open gym to get play time with other kids. The library is free and the gym is only $5. We have her in gymnastics for the socialization and to learn to follow instruction with other children present.
We do not have a lot of debt though. DH is almost done with school so we will have his school loans but we only have 2000 left on our car payment and no credit cards. I feel like we are actually able to save more money now than when I worked. We also are in the process of getting life insurance just in case the un-thinkable happens to one of us.
If you feel like you have too much debt why don't you consider paying off some of your bills while you have theh extra money. Or work PT.
I know on the comments part of that article they talk about the trouble re-entering the work field. I plan on going to school to get my Master's Degree to help with that. So that is something to think about. We make sure we continue putting into our retirement funds too.
However, no amount of money is worth the time that I get with my kids. I am happy to make a little less to be able to watch my kids do all of their firsts and to be there for them. They grow up sooo fast and this time is so precious. I know it is not always possible to be a SAHM, especially in this economy but if there is anyway possible then I would jump on the opportunity. If you find you are not able to make ends meet after you do it then you can go back to work.
If you have any questions at all I would love to help. Sorry this is so long.
Abrianna 2/13/10 and Charlotte 1/6/12 --- Married to Rob 5/30/09 --- Mommy to my puppy, Penelope!
Nikki (31), DH (36), Angel baby 2/20/2009, DS 2/20/2010, DS 11/21/11, DS 9/8/2013, DD 7/13/15
Like everyone has said, there is a lot you can do with little or no money. Good luck!
Fulltime Wife & Stay at home Mama <3
Juliana born 2/13/10 7lbs 9oz
Joseph Jr born 2/19/13 7lbs 14oz
Thanks for the advice ladies!
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 6 years 5 months : Week 2.
Your growing child
Your 6 1/4-year-old: Helping medicine go down
Your 6 1/2-year-old: Managing media
Your 6 1/2-year-old: Stranger danger
Your 6 1/2-year-old: Sleepovers
Your 6 1/2-year-old: Field trips
Learn more
What's next for your growing child?
Get a glimpse of what's to come.
Read about 6 years 7 months.


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10 weeks and i havent gone to the doctor.
No but why haven't u? Do it for the health of the baby, if that helps any. I know stories sound scarey on here at times but EVERY woman pregnancy & story isn't urs. Hope u call sooner than later.
Mother of 4 and mystery baby became an angel b4 7-13-11.
RAINBOW BABY BOY due 10-21-12
You're not evil...but you do need to get in there soon. I had a friend that didn't go for 5 months due to finances and a remote location (this was 25 yrs ago). Turned out she had a blighted ovum that she never miscarried. If she had gone at 8 weeks, she would have known sooner and been able to deal with it. Also, there are a lot of tests and advice only your doctor can give you.
I posted on your other post. You aren't evil. There really isn't any major tests that need to happen this early. Some doctors don't get patients in until 12 weeks. Its not a problem. You probably should get in just to get the doctor involved and make sure baby is progressing well. But, no harm done.
I am blessed to be the wife of Mr Wonderful and Mama to the two most amazing boys! Missing our baby who is now with Jesus
Mother of 4 and mystery baby became an angel b4 7-13-11.
RAINBOW BABY BOY due 10-21-12
No you're not evil at all! If I had patience this time around I might wait to save on $$$, but I don't so I've already been and I will go back in a week and a half (I'm 10 weeks). During my first pregnancy, it was totally unexpected and I wasn't married yet (waiting on DH's insurance), so I didn't have my first appointment until right about 16 weeks. I went in one day for my initial appointment then the next day I went in for a gender u/s. It was actually nice not going in until later because it made the first trimester go by really quickly....I wasn't constantly waiting impatiently for the next appointment. You'll be fine and good luck to you!
Happily married since 7/28/07
Our little MVP joined the family 01/10/08
Added another MVP 02/03/12
SURPRISE! Due 02/03/16
Don't feel bad, but do call and make an appointment this week for sure. I haven't been to the doctor yet either...my first appointment is August 2nd. I'll be almost 11 weeks. With my first pregnancy, I also had my first appointment around 11 weeks.
my first appt isnt until August 3rd and i'll be 11 weeks 3 days then......i didnt see my dr til then when i was pregnant with my daughter either.......many drs wont actually see you until you reach the 8-12 week mark anyways
Me(31) DH(33) DS(12/25/08) DD(02/27/12)
Go by 12 weeks! I am on my second Dr (had to switch due to insurance changes) But both places said they would not take me if I was past 12 weeks!
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 4 years 5 months : Week 2.
Your growing child
Your 4 1/4-year-old: Swim lessons
Your 4 1/2-year-old: Language skills
Your 4 1/2-year-old: A growing attention span
Your 4 1/2-year-old: Artist at work
Your 4 1/2-year-old: Dealing with a lisp
Learn more
What's next for your growing child?
Get a glimpse of what's to come.
Read about 4 years 7 months.


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This plugin makes creating a private (eg family only) site very easy. The only thing is doesn't do is hide content from the upload directory.
It would be so good, if this plug-in would work properly with the newest WP and BP versions. What can we do to motivate the developers?
Plug-in is great for private hosted wordpress sites. Able to select member-only or complete lock-down; options for privacy. give this plug-in a go. Works for me!
This was exactly what I was looking for, in order to create a private site, accessible only to family and relatives.
There is only one significant problem I encountered - my site is still in development, on my local machine, therefore the home URL is http://localhost:<port number>/wordpress.
After I installed the plugin, whenever I log in (does not matter if I log in as admin or subscriber), the port number from the URL is removed (it becomes http://localhost/wordpress, and I get an error page instead of the site Home page.
Then, when I add the port number back to the URL, the home page is displayed and I am logged in correctly.
It would be nice if this could be fixed soon.
You must log in to submit a review. You can also log in or register using the form near the top of this page.


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Chennai's Grand Sweets and Snacks outlets are famous for their traditional South Indian sweets and snacks. Their flagship outlets of which there are two now, have occupied the same space through the Show Full Review
Vistied the place at Perambur(Jawahar Nagar) which is unique for Marriages Traditional specials of varieties of big sizes ofAthirsam, Murukky, Thenkuzhal (call it in tamil seer varisai) and Paniyarams made in Laddu, Mysorepak, Thenkozhul.. Had Pakodas, Vadai, and sweet dishes of Rasagulla, Bengali sweet Bhoj, Rasamalai.
Just visited this place to purchase some south Indian chips chaklis to take back home and chanced upon a dish we call appam (Appe in marathi). The lady prepares them infront of your eyes and its a delicacy to watch it being prepared. Added with some sambar chutney and its a good dish to go out with. I did not try the in house restaurant but should be good looking at satisfied faces. The other thing that happened to me was the attitude with which I was explained the difference between Banana Chips from Kerala and Tamilnadu. His temper was about to flare up when I asked him the yellow ones. After tasting what he offered me it was neatly justified....Obviously Malyali and Tamil are 2 different preparations and one from out of town can get confused with the two of them. Anyways the service at the counter was great ....Rajesh9881498097.
The Grand Sweets & Snacks Menu, The Grand Sweets & Snacks Location Map, The Grand Sweets & Snacks in Adyar, The Grand Sweets & Snacks Deals and Discounts, The Grand Sweets & Snacks Reviews


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Pinched nerves in the spine can cause serious back pain. Any pressure applied to a nerve by surrounding muscles, bones or tissue will produce irritation and will disrupt the nerve's functioning. Symptoms of a pinched nerve range from aches and pains to numbness to a weakening of muscles.
Fibrous pads or disks separate spinal vertebrae from one another. The outer layer of the disc is strong and flexible, encasing a soft, jellylike core. When strain or injury weakens the outer layer, the condition known as a herniated disc can occur. This causes the disk to bulge and press against, one of the spinal nerves. This results in severe pain.
This condition popularly known as a slipped disc tends to occur in the parts of the spine that are the most mobile: the lower back (lumbar spine) and neck (cervical spine). Heavy lifting, obesity and contact sports can contribute to the problem.
A pinched nerve can occur as the result of pregnancy, repetitive motions or a joint disease. Thankfully, a pinched nerve generally heals in a few days to a few weeks. Chronic cases can result from persistent irritation of the affected nerve. In some cases, damage to the nerve can become permanent.


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Would you be willing to take a brief survey on the License Search application?
BreEZe is here! Click on the BreEZe button below to APPLY for Psychology Licensure, RENEW your license/registration, VERIFY a license or registration, or FILE a complaint against a licensee or registrant. If you need technical assistance with BreEZe please call 855-227-9633. Assistance is available Monday-Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (except Holidays).
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back by popular demand:
Apex Gymnastics of Almaden
Four 45-Minute Classes for Ages 1 to 4 ($29), Four 55-Minute Classes for Ages 5 to 12 ($35), or Two Half-Day Camps ($35)
special delivery
shop unique gifts and deliver them with style
easy, flexible delivery
print it out, email it now, or schedule it for a later date--it's up to you
personalized email
Emailing your gift? Write a message, select a theme, and hit send. The price you paid will not be displayed in the email.
special printed voucher
Delivering the gift in person? Choose a theme, print it out, and pass it along to that special someone. It's that simple.


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|Women, Petite, Tall
I am the owner of Knitspot - knitting patterns, clubs, and artisan yarns. I am a life-long knitter with a background in the fashion and graphic design fields, and began designing clothing, knitwear ...
I am the owner of Knitspot - knitting patterns, clubs, and artisan yarns. I am a life-long knitter with a background in the fashion and graphic design fields, and began designing clothing, knitwear and accessories during the 1970s. I teach and write about knitting, spinning, and designing at my blog, Knitspot. I live and work in Ohio with David, who loves wool, too.
My design work/profile has been included in Knitty, The Knitter, Interweave Knits, and Twist Collective, Sock Club, Brave New Knits, as well as several upcoming publications. The complete catalog of Knitspot patterns is available for browsing and purchasing at http://www.knitspot.com/knitting_pattern/index.php
Knitspot yarn clubs are reknowned for perfect pairings of luxury yarn and design, as well as the rollicking good fun in our Ravelry clubhouse where members meet, chat, and knit through club projects together.
Our Bare Naked yarns are as close to the farm as a knitter can get, using fresh fiber produce from regional growers which is then spun into yarn at smaller artisan mills with which I have worked over the years. The collection is focused on single-breed pure wool yarns and exotic blends, with colors that range an entire array of natural tones—yarn the way nature made it.
This sheer rectangle stole in two sizes (petite/tall) provides a lighter-than-air layer over a bare summer dress or top. Lace knitting on both sides of the fabric produces an arabesque of interlocking shapes with crisp lines, delicate eyelets, and pretty points along the hem edges. A wide, delicate edging along the length of each side border completes the stole, which is knit in one piece.
Substituting yarn and/or needles may result in an overall variation in size.
28 sts and 40 rows = 4 inches in stockinette stitch (unstretched; fabric will be relaxed)
1200 yards of Lace weight


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The Department of Pharmacy at Barnes-Jewish Hospital offers six experiential residency training programs. The goals of each program include preparing the resident to provide optimal and compassionate pharmaceutical care, communicate effectively, educate self and others and demonstrate commitment to the profession of pharmacy. In all programs, clinical experiences are tailored to meet the needs of the individual resident and are based on past experience and future career preferences. Residents receive one-on-one instruction and guidance from a talented group of over 40 clinical pharmacy specialists and numerous other patient care pharmacists. In addition, they benefit from interacting with the outstanding faculty of the Washington University School of Medicine working in a multitude of medical school departments and with the numerous physicians in training at the medical center.
Pictured above, left to right, 2015-2016 Residency Class: PGY2 Oncology Resident, Kendall Shultes, PharmD; PGY1 Resident, Marissa Olson, PharmD; PGY2 Infectious Diseases Resident, Tamara Krekel, PharmD; PGY2 Critical Care Resident, Katherine Roberts, PharmD; PGY1 Resident, Nicholas Britt, PharmD; PGY1 Pharmacotherapy Resident, April Pottebaum PharmD; PGY2 Solid Organ Transplant Resident, Lisa Hutchinson, PharmD; PGY2 Pharmacotherapy Resident, Alyssa Thompson, PharmD; PGY1 Resident, Kevin Betthauser, PharmD.


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- Report: #978230
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: LABGENIX
LABGENIX8677 Villa La Jolla Dr. #1231 La Jolla, California United States of America
LABGENIX the run around when you do not get product they just keep billing you La Jolla, California
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/05/2012 09:31 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/LABGENIX/La-Jolla-California-92037/LABGENIX-the-run-around-when-you-do-not-get-product-they-just-keep-billing-you-La-Jolla-978230. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Petit Pavillon in the CevennesFranceLanguedoc-RoussillonSoudorgues
About this listing
Perfect little retreat in the Cévennes Gardoises. Fully equipped and heated with a wood stove in the winter.
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
The Space
Tiny individual detached house on our property in the French Cevennes. Ideal for a short quiet stay away from it all. Fully equipped and independent (including shower, washbasin, toilet and kitchen). Recent ecological renovation. Suitable for two adults. We cannot, unfortunately accept small children as they might be at risk when sleeping on the mezzanine.
The village of Soudorgues is really isolated and ideal for a quite retreat. There is a nice restaurant in the village but only sporadically open outside the summer season. We'll provide you their number upon request.
The scenery is magnificent and a good starting point for a hike or bicycle tour.
For those traveling in the footsteps of Stevenson there is a stable for your donkey and grass in the yard.
Guest Access
Le village de Soudorgues, niché au coeur des Cévennes Gardoises, est idéal pour une petit séjour de repos et promenades de montagne à pied ou en vélo. Vous y trouverez un agréable petit restaurant et une petite boutique.
Pour ceux qui voyagent en compagnie d'un âne une étable est à votre disposition et la cour est pleine d'herbe.
Just enjoy yourself


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El Bulli, 'world's best restaurant,' closes
El Bulli, a restaurant in Spain that has been repeatedly crowned the world's best, closed on Saturday, July 30.
El Bulli, a restaurant in Spain that has been repeatedly crowned the world's best, closed on Saturday, July 30.
Gary: "More than half the people outside the government who met with Hillary Clinton while she was secretary of state gave money — either personally or through companies or groups — to the Clinton Foundation. It's an extraordinary proportion indicating her possible ethics challenges if elected president." "Last week, the Clinton Foundation moved to head off ethics concerns about future donations by announcing changes planned if Clinton is elected." "Those planned changes would not affect more than 6,000 donors who have already provided the Clinton charity with more than $2 billion in funding since its creation in 2000. There's a lot of potential conflicts and a lot of potential problems," said Douglas White, an expert on nonprofits who previously directed Columbia University's graduate fundraising management program. "The point is, she can't just walk away from these 6,000 donors." "The meetings between the Democratic presidential nominee and foundation donors do not appear to violate legal agreements Clinton and former president Bill Clinton signed before she joined the State Department in 2009. But the frequency of the overlaps shows the intermingling of access and donations, and fuels perceptions that giving the foundation money was a price of admission for face time with Clinton. Her calendars and emails released as recently as this week describe scores of contacts she and her top aides had with foundation donors." "Some of Clinton's most influential visitors donated millions to the Clinton Foundation and to her and her husband's political coffers." PERCEPTION people! Just READ the ENTIRE article and the PERCEPTION is extremely strong that the Clinton's have been playing a pay-to-play scheme for YEARS. Of course ALL the Clinton supporters will rally around them and say there was NO "pay-to-play" operation, that it was ALL LEGAL and ABOVE BOARD and this is ALL those nasty Republicans trying to wreck poor Hillary's election process. Just exactly WHAT does it take for people to see through the smoke screen put out by the Clinton's, their Democrat attack dogs and the main stream media? If there is even a slight PERCEPTION that Hillary has been involved in ANYTHING even REMOTELY illegal or unethical over the years what makes you think this won't continue IF she is elected?! Come ON people!! WAKE UP!!!!


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About us
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Contact us
About us
Management team
Dr. Che Fengsheng
- Chairman
Dr. Che Fengsheng, aged 54, is our executive Director and chairman of the Company (the "Chairman") and was appointed to the Board on 18 May 2006. He is a co-founder of the Group and is responsible for the overall management, strategic planning and business development of the Group and is instrumental to the Group's growth and business expansion since its establishment in 2001. Prior to the Group's establishment, Dr. Che had more than 8 years of experience as a medical doctor/neurologist and 20 years of experience in the sales and marketing of pharmaceutical products and the management of pharmaceutical companies. From 1997 to 2001, Dr. Che was general manager of Hainan Kang Tong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd where he was in charge of the company's overall management. From 1995 to 1997, Dr. Che was the assistant general manager and vice manager (marketing) of Shenzhen City New Special Pharmaceutical Products Co., Ltd. where he was responsible for the marketing and overall management of the company's business. Between 1993 and 1995, Dr. Che was the product promotions manager of Shenzhen City Healthcare Pharmaceutical Company and East China Regional manager, in charge of sales and marketing. From 1991 to 1993, Dr. Che held the position of chief neurologist and lecturer in First Military Medical University, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Guangzhou City, PRC. Dr. Che was a neurologist and an assistant lecturer at the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an City, PRC from 1990 to 1991 and at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi Jing Hospital in Xi'an City, PRC from 1984 to 1987 respectively. Dr. Che was the vice-chairman of several committees and associations including, China Political Science Training Centre, China Medical Economics Magazine Board and the Hainan Entrepreneurs Association. Dr. Che is also a deputy supervisor of the Hainan Food and Drug Working Committee in the Hainan Entrepreneurs Association as well as a specially appointed research member of the China Enterprise Reform and Development Research Institute. In 2006, he was named as one of the Top 10 New and Enterprising Businessmen in Hainan Province by the Hainan Province Commerce Association, the Hainan Industry & Economics Association and the Evaluation Committee of Top 10 Leading Businessmen and Top 10 New and Enterprising Businessmen in Industry and Commerce in Hainan. He was vice chairman of the Medical Pharmaceutical Chamber of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce from 2010 to 2011. He won the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Award for Life Science Industry of China in 2012. He was awarded the National Labour Day Medal in 2014. He was appointed director for the Fourth Session of the Board of the Society of Biotechnology in Beijing in 2014. He was recognized as the National Labour Model in 2015. Dr. Che received his Bachelor of Medicine (Aviation) and Master of Medicine (Neurology) from the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, PRC, in 1984 and 1990 respectively. He also received an Executive Master of Business Administration from China Europe International Business School in 1999.
Dr. Guo Weicheng
- Deputy Chairman and CEO
Dr. Guo Weicheng, aged 52, is our executive Director, deputy chairman and chief executive officer of the Company. He was appointed to our Board on 18 May 2006 and is a co-founder of our Group. Dr. Guo is responsible for the overall operations of our Group, sales and marketing and our R&D activities, with a focus on strategic planning, particularly in relation to mergers and acquisitions and product collaborations. He has also become responsible for Shenzhen Sihuan's overall operations after it was acquired in 2007. Dr. Guo is instrumental to our Group's growth and business expansion since our establishment in 2001. Prior to our establishment, Dr. Guo had more than 4 years of experience as a general surgeon and more than 20 years of experience in the sales and marketing of pharmaceutical products. From 1992 to 1993, Dr. Guo held the position of chief surgeon in Guangzhou Military 177 Hospital. Dr. Guo was a surgeon and assistant lecturer at the Fourth Military Medical University, Tang Du Hospital, Xi'an City, PRC from 1986 to 1989. Dr. Guo received his Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Medicine (General Surgery) from the Fourth Military Medical University, PRC in 1986 and 1992, respectively.
Meng Xianhui
- Executive Director and Deputy General Manager
Mr. Meng Xianhui, aged 52, is our executive Director and deputy general manager and was appointed to our Board on 18 May 2006. He joined our Group in 2002 and is responsible for public and governmental relationships as well as operations of the sales and marketing network of our Group in certain regions. Prior to joining our Group, Mr. Meng had more than 7 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry in the areas of marketing, sales and distribution of pharmaceutical products. Between 1987 and 1997, Mr. Meng was the departmental head of Jilin Materials Bureau where he was responsible for planning the allocation and distribution of production materials. Mr. Meng was conferred the title of Economist by the Jilin Provincial Government in 1993. Mr. Meng received a Graduate Certificate in Management Engineering from Huazhong Engineering College (now known as Huazhong University of Science and Technology) in 1987. He undertook a one-year Postgraduate Business Administration course at the Peking University from 2004 to 2005.
Jia Zhongxin
- Chief Operating Officer
Ms. Jia Zhongxin, aged 56, is our chief operating officer and has been the chairman of Xuanzhu Pharma since November 2012. Ms. Jia joined our Group in 2007 and is a practising pharmacist and senior engineer. Ms. Jia received a Bachelor in Pharmacy in 1982 from the Medical Department of Peking University (formerly known as Beijing Medicine College, Beijing Medical University) and a Master in Business Administration from the University of South Australia in 2004. She had held various managerial positions in many companies. Between January 2006 and November 2007, Ms. Jia headed the biomedical department of China Baoan Group Co., Ltd. and was also chairman of Shenzhen Daphne Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Prior to that, she was the chief executive officer of Wuhan Ma Ying Long Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and chairman of Wuhan Ma Ying Long Chained Pharmacies Co., Ltd. from November 2002 to December 2005.
Choi Yiau Chong
- Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Choi Yiau Chong, aged 42, is our chief financial officer and one of the joint company secretaries. Mr. Choi joined our Group in 2006 and is responsible for overseeing and managing the accounting and finance functions of our Group. Prior to joining our Group, Mr. Choi gained his finance and accounting experience at a company listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) and at Deloitte and Touche. Mr. Choi received a Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting) from Nelson Polytechnic (now known as Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology), New Zealand in 1997. He is a member of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (UK) and also a member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Singapore.
Lin Guotan
- Vice President
Mr. Lin Guotan, aged 47, has been our vice president since 21 January 2013. Mr. Lin joined our Group in 2005 and is in charge of improving and maintaining internal business communications, and assisting the Chairman to drive annual business plans. He started his career in the pharmaceutical industry in 1993 and joined our Group in 2005 as marketing director then promoted as general manager of subsidiaries. He received a Bachelor of English from Luoyang Institute of Technology in 1993 and a Master of Business Administration from Tongji University in 2002.
Dr. Huo Caixia
- Director of R&D Management Center and General Manager of Beijing Ao He Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Dr. Huo Caixia, aged 46, is the director of our R&D management center and general manager of Beijing Ao He Research Institute Co., Ltd. Dr. Huo joined our Group in 2004 and is responsible for the registrations of pharmaceutical products and assists in overseeing the R&D functions of our Group. Between 2002 and 2004, she was an assistant researcher at the Chemistry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Science. Dr. Huo received a Bachelor of Science (Pharmacy) from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 1993, a Master of Science (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 1998 and a Doctor of Science (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) from Pecking University in 2002.
Ms. Yuan Tingjun
- Vice President
Ms. Yuan Tingjun, aged 53, is the vice president of our Group, responsible for the management of production, quality, procurement and engineering projects of our Group. Ms. Yuan joined our Group in 2003 and was responsible for overseeing the production and quality control functions of our Group. Before joining our Group, she held various managerial and marketing poss in several pharmaceutical companies. She also had seven years of experience as a researcher during which she carried out research on Chinese medicines. Ms.Yuan obtained her academic degrees of Bachelor of Science(Chemistry) from Sichuan University in 1986 and Master of Science from Sichuan University in 1989.
Dr. Wu Yongqian
- CSO & General Manager (Xuanzhu Phama)
Dr. Wu Yongqian, aged 53, is our chief scientific officer and the general manager at Xuanzhu Pharma. He joined our Group in 2011. He has more than 10 years of experience in innovation drug R&D and management. Before he studied abroad in the U.S.A., Dr. Wu received his B.S. Degree of Chemistry from Nanjing University in 1985. He also received a Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from Wayne State University in 1993 and accomplished his postdoctoral program in Brandeis University in 1995. Between 1996 and 2005, he was a senior scientist and project director at Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., engaging in innovation drug R&D. From 2005 to the end of 2010, he was the chief scientist officer and project director of Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, and responsible for project management and innovation drug R&D.
Copyright © 2012 Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Sentimental Education
by Gustave Flaubert
Sentimental Education Visions of France Quotes
How we cite our quotes: (Part.Chapter.Paragraph)
Quote #1
Through the haze he surveyed steeples, buildings of which he did not know the names; then, with a parting glance, he took in the Île St. Louis, the Cité, Nôtre Dame; and presently, as Paris disappeared from his view, he heaved a deep sigh. (1.1.4)
Paris is like a dream to Frederick, and he has some pretty lofty visions of what it holds. Freedom! Possibility! Hot women! Is he being naïve, or is there something about the city that allows him more potential for his life?
Quote #2
Frederick Moreau, having just taken his Bachelor's degree, was returning home to Nogent-sur-Seine, where he would have to lead a languishing existence for two months, before going back to begin his legal studies. (1.1.6)
Going back to Nogent to hang out with his mother isn't exactly Frederick's idea of a good time. But under the circumstances, he doesn't have much of a choice. He'll get out of Dodge as quickly as possible.
Quote #3
Then they would come back to Paris; they would work together, and would never part; and, as a relaxation from their labours, they would have love-affairs with princesses in boudoirs lined with satin, or dazzling orgies with famous courtesans. (1.2.7)
Frederick and Deslauriers have some big plans for Paris. It's like Spring Break prep, 19th-century bourgeois style. How does the reality live up to their plans?


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I am looking for a plugin that can simply, once activated, spider the entire website (like a search engine spider) starting from the homepage, and create static pages and folders under the top level domain keeping the original structure of the website, and will update pages only or at least when they are modified by the admin/author (constant spidering for updates, etc...).
I have tried Hyper-Cache, but correct me if I'm wrong - it caches only pages that are being visited by surfers, and puts all the cached content in it's plugin directory inside the wp-content folder encrypting all the filenames and not keeping folder structure or any structure at all. Also that encryption means that you need the plugin active to show those pages, and if there are issues with the database and the plugin goes down, then the cache content is no use anyway...
Any ideas please? Thanks in advance!


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- 1 of 1 Photos | View More Photos
Streetsboro's Memorial Day highlight this year will be the dedication of a new memorial at Evergreen Cemetery, said American Legion Post No. 685 Commander Steve Masowick.
The dedication will take place at 11 a.m. Sunday, May 25 during the last of five services around the community.
The day will begin with a breakfast at 8 a.m. at the American Legion Post No. 685's hall, located at 10001 Aurora-Hudson Road, according to Masowick.
Between 8:30 and 9 a.m., a service will begin and then a caravan will head to the Veteran's of Foreign Wars No. 9716 Post on Route 43, then the memorial on the square at the intersection of routes 43 and 14, then Woodside Lake Park and finally the cemetery.
"We're going to be moving kind of quickly this year," said Masowick. "We need to be at the cemetery by 11 a.m., so it's going to be a pretty good pace."
Ohio House Rep. Kathleen Clyde may be speaking at the 11 a.m. ceremony, he added.
Groups that are planning to walk in the city's parade should gather at City Park at 12:30 p.m. May 25, said Masowick. The parade will step off at 1 p.m. and progress to the old Streetsboro Plaza on Route 303.
"I know we have some military equipment coming," said Masowick.
The parade also will feature entertainment by the Streetsboro High School Marching Rockets, veterans, Boy Scouts, Streetsboro Junior Baseball and Softball teams, area politicians and more.
Masowick said residents should take time to remember and give thanks to the soldiers, sailors and airmen, Marines and Coast Guard members who made the ultimate sacrifice in service of their country.
"This is a day we dedicate to our brothers and sisters in arms," he said. "It's a day of remembrance."
Email: email@example.com
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Hi there,
First post classic :)
I'm attempting to get the 'bottomless' Facebook like plugin working on my site, and I just don't know how it get it to show.
Its activated and the settings seem to have it ticked to show up all over the place.
Am i missing some code that I need to put in my style-sheet?
here's my site


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Wonderful Christmas Tree Picture!!!!
Favorite and Like!!!!
The small sturcture behind the white pickup truck is Morris Neal Burgers. This landmark has been a haven of the best burgers in Cleburne for over 40 years. The yellow building in the background is the original Electirc Company offices and directly behind both of these structures and across the bridge is the restored original Cleburne High School which is now the Criminal Courts for Johnson County.
This wall is located in the Wright Complex in downtown Cleburne. It is a tribute to General Cleburne, the Chisholm Trail and the founding fathers of the orginal settlement of Wardville nearby.
This home is the original conductors house for the railroads in Cleburne. There is a long history of several structures in Cleburne that can be found at the Layland Museum.
After thinking about this, I do not believe Eddie Deussen was the husband of Janet and owner of the Burger Barn. I think maybe it was Billy???
This is the old ATSF railroad depot. The rail line was relocated north of the toen and elevated in the 1950's when Lake Whitney was built. It previously ran through downtown Blum and Kopperl. You can still see much of the old route including the grade as it crosses the Brazos river. In Blum, Co Rd 1127 is part of the old right of way.


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This advanced powerboat training course provides you with the skills and background knowledge to operate safely in more demanding coastal waters. The weekend focuses on boat handling, seamanship, pilotage and navigation up to the standards required to handle a powerboat safely in rough conditions or in darkness.
Assumed knowledge: You should already hold the Powerboat Level 2 award, with a knowledge of navigation and chartwork to RYA Day Skipper standard. In addition, it's strongly recommended that you hold a first aid certificate and radio operator's licence.
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Saxon post milestone
A Saxon post milestone (German: kursächsische Postmeilensäule, colloquially sächsische Postmeilensäule or Postsäule) was a milestone in the former Electorate of Saxony that gave distances and journey times to the nearest eighth of an hour. The design of the milestones varied according to the distance at which they were placed. They were hewn out of natural stone and could take the shape of an obelisk, an ancient herma or a stele. Their prototype was the Roman milestone, in German a römische Meilensäule, from which the rather inaccurate German description of Säule (lit.: "column") was derived. The Saxon head postal director (Oberpostdirektor), Paul Vermehren, brought about their inception based on official distance surveys, whose results were given in leagues on the post mileposts. A league in Saxony at that time (1722 to 1840) was meant to be an hour's journey, equivalent to half a mile or 4.531 kilometres.
Saxon post milestones were set up during the reign of August the Strong and his successor along all important postal and trading routes and in almost all towns in the Electorate of Saxony to indicate the official distances. This was intended to be the basis for the creation of a unified calculation of postal charges. Because the Electorate of Saxony was at that time larger than the present-day German state of Saxony, these milestones are also found nowadays in the states of Thuringia, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, as well as in Poland.
The locations and images of surviving or replaced Saxon milestones may be seen in the Gallery of Saxon post milestones.
In 1695, the head of the Saxon post office, Oberpostmeister Ludwig Wilhelm, proposed a systematic survey of the road from Leipzig to Dresden with wooden, roadside posts at regular intervals. This prompted prince elector Augustus the Strong, on 18 June 1695, to order "that certain mileposts are to be erected". He tasked the Konducteur, Heinrich Niedhart, with carrying this out. The electoral Saxon master forester was instructed to make the wood available and the officials of the electoral Saxon districts were to ensure the posts were erected.
Furthermore, before 1700 wooden fingerposts withs distance markings (so-called Arm(en)säulen or "arm columns") were commonplace on the roads of Saxony. These consisted of a wooden post, at the upper end of which were direction indicators in the shape of human arms and hands. Because the wood rotted rapidly as a result of its constant exposure to moisture, many of these fingerposts collapsed a few years after they had been erected and became unusable.
The establishment of post milestones in electoral Saxony was not an isolated phenomenon. History indicates there was a number of countries in which such posts or stones with distances marked on them were erected along roads.
State survey by Zürner[edit]
The basis for the introduction of Saxon post milestones was the cartographic work of the pastor, Adam Friedrich Zürner, from Skassa. Zürner had prepared a map of Großenhain, which attracted the attention of Augustus the Strong. After further cartographic work, the prince elector gave him the task on 12 April 1713 of: "increasingly recording districts, including the lordships, manor estates, towns, villages and the like, on geographic maps" (original: "Aemter samt denen darinnen befindlichen Herrschaften, Rittergütern, Städten, Dörfern und dergleichen mehr in mappas geographicas bringen"). This entailed the topographic survey of Electoral Saxony. It covered, in addition to the heartland, the electoral Saxon parts of the counties of Henneberg and Mansfeld, the Schönburg estates, the estates of the Albertine branches of Saxe-Merseburg, Saxe-Weissenfels and Saxe-Zeitz as well as the two Lusatias.
The resulting cartographic material remained largely secret for several decades for military reasons. The prince elector only had an improved postal map published; the result of an extension to the contract that followed a few weeks later. This "Chur-Sächsische Post-Charte", first published in 1718, and its subsequent editions, continued in use until the 19th century.
Because the distances stated at that time were frequently based on imprecise estimates, Zürner had to survey the distances afresh or check existing data. To achieve that he designed a survey vehicle in the shape of an electoral Saxon baggage coach. The rear wheel of the coach, with its diamenter of one Dresden rod (Dresdner Rute), i.e. 4.531 metres, clocked up revolutions on a counter in the coach by means of a chain. Zürner's assistants used a measuring barrow for those tracks unsuitable for a coach, which likewise measured the distances by the turning of a wheel and as the so-called "fifth wheel on the wagon" (fünftes Rad am Wagen) was carried in a case on the surveying coach. Both methods enabled a very accurate survey of roads.
Another problem was the lack of standard units of measurement. In the electorate at that time there were miles (Meilen) of various length. To achieve standardization, therefore, on 17 March 1722, the Electoral Saxon post mile was introduced, whereby 1 mile = 2 leagues = 2,000 Dresden rods = 9.062 kilometres. To indicate distances on the mileposts, Zürner used the league (Wegstunde), which equalled a half mile.
The survey journeys usually began in Leipzig or Dresden, the counter being set to zero at the posthouse in each city. As a result, one talked of a Leipzig or Dresden distance. During such a journey the assistant to the surveyor had to knock a numbered wooden stake into the ground every quarter of a mile and dig a hole next to it. The excavated material was then used to help fix the wooden post securely. The landowner was responsibility for looking after the survey stake.
In several cases the surveys were also conducted outside the territory of the electorate. Everywhere where Saxon land was interrupted by other territories, roads that were used by the Saxon post office were surveyed, with the permission of the territorial owner.
Surveying was especially difficult in Upper Lusatia because there the landowners of the estates of the realm tried to impede Zürner's activity. Not until 29 June 1723 was Zürner able to begin surveying Upper and Lower Lusatia. The survey work on the most important roads in the state was completed by 1733.
Erection of the columns[edit]
On 19 September 1721, an electoral command was issued to the offices (Ämter) of Dresden, Meißen and Großenhain, to erect stone columns as post milestones. On 1 November 1721, this command was extended to the entire state. On the same day the responsible state authorities issued the general ordinance for the "Establishment of Stone Postal Columns" (Setzung der steinernen Post-Säulen) and the instruction that the costs of erecting them were to be borne by the landowner of the locations affected. For Upper Lusatia, a separate instruction followed on 24 November 1721.
The detail of which milestones were to be erected, Zürner, who had been tasked by Augustus the Strong on 14 December 1721, worked out himself. Zürner laid down that a large distance column (Distanzsäule) was to be erected in front of the gates of a town. Similarly there were to be quarter-mile, half-mile and whole-mile stones at the corresponding intervals. In the Saxon part of the County of Henneberg cast iron posts were erected instead of the usual stone columns and in the County of Mansfeld there were no milestones at all.
Originally about 300 distance milestones and around 1,200 other roadside milestones were erected. Of those about 200 have at least partly survived or have been faithfully reconstructed. After 1990 replicas were increasingly made.
Today the Saxon section of the Old Dresden to Teplitz Post Road is the historic transport link with the most surviving post milestones.
The material used for the milestones in Saxony varies widely. They were usually made from the prevailing building stone of the local area, something also reflected in the building materials of the Saxony's architectural landscape. Elbe sandstone from several quarries in Saxon Switzerland and the area of the Tharandt Forest was used for most of the stones. Also frequently used was Rochlitz porphyry in Central Saxony and Lusatian granite in eastern Saxony. In the Chemnitz area, Hilbersdorf porphyritic tuff is used as a milestone material, quarried at Hilbersdorf and Flöha. In the upper Ore Mountains and the Vogtland columns of granite from these areas was used, for example, Wiesenbad Granite, granite of the Greifensteine area, Schwarzenberg Granite, Kirchberg Granite or Bad Brambach Granite of the "Fichtelgebirge type". The problems arising from the differing weathering properties of this diversity of stone of is proving in many cases to be a challenge for monument conservation. It also means that numerous columns no longer exist.[1][2]
Both the costs and also the responsibility for erecting the milestones had to be borne by the authorities of the respective towns and villages. As a result the measures did not gain universal approval throughout the land. Because the means of the towns varied considerably depending on their size and industrial structure, the financial impact on them was very variable. Regardless of their size, they often had a similar number of town gates and therefore a comparable number of milestone columns to put up. Frequently there were three to five gates. In 1722, the Saxon Landtag asked the prince elector to cancel the expensive project that had invoked the opposition of many town councils and landowners. Many towns tried to ignore the edict or delay its implementation.[3]
In order to enforce the implementation of his instructions, the elector had resort to harsh measures and threatened, in a "command" of 24 July 1722, disciplinary action for negligence, tardiness or damage to the milestones; and in another edict of 7 September 1724, fines of 20 talers against every official for missing deadlines and for each individual case of neglect. Especially on the roads of Central Saxony, in the towns of Colditz, Grimma, Oschatz, Rochlitz and Waldheim, as well as the routes from these towns to Leipzig and thence Zeitz the gaps were particularly noticeable and were, in a decree of 7 September, subject to public reprimand by the prince elector.[4]
Many places strove in the course of this dispute only to erect one milestone column. Zürner knew the location of many small towns and villages very precisely. During the course of his project, he proceeded to support the towns in their requests and advocated the elector's consent. In many cases their requests were granted. On the national roads, therefore, only wooden mileposts were erected or existing ones repaired.[5] After 1727 the practice of erecting one column per town was carried out in many cases.[6]
As the command dated 19 September 1721 had a comprehensive, 24 point memorandum, accompanied by a list of benefits of the regulation, it appears that problems were anticipated from the outset. For example, as advantages of the national survey, the memorandum called pointed out that the payment of "delivery men, relay services, postal items and other goods" would be verifiable and the prices could no longer be fixed arbitrarily, that there would be fewer complaints from travellers about high fees that had hitherto taken up the time of courts and higher authorities, and that journey times and delivery times would be precisely defined by the survey. Another argument was that the roads would be more easily recognisable in the winter and at night.[7]
Opposition to the post milestones was especially strong in Upper Lusatia. In 1723, the town councils of Bautzen and Görlitz refused to entertain Zürner in this matter. Not until 31 March 1724 did the estates of Upper Lusatia declare themselves ready to carry out the instrutions.[8]
Because milestones were occasionally damaged or even knocked down, a command was issued in 1724 that such crimes would be punished by imprisonment and other "hard and exemplary punishments".[9]
Due to persistent opposition the Saxon Landtage was finally able, on 12 April 1728 and contrary to the elector's wishes, to issue a decree that the milestones need only be erected on main and postal roads.[10]
To what extent Augustus the Strong was personally involved in the development of the designs for the milestones is not clear. Their final appearance, which was based on baroque and classical prototypes, was linked to the senior state architect (Oberlandesbaumeister), Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann.[11][12]
Distance milestones[edit]
The large distance milestones (Distanzsäule) comprised seven elements. The pedestal was formed by the plinth, dado and cornice (or cap). The column consists of the base (Zwischenplatte or Schaftfuß), shaft, coat of arms block (Wappenstück) and finial (Aufsatz or Spitze). The columns had an average height of 8 ells (4.53 metres) and rested on a pedestal half an ell high. The individual elements were held together by means of iron pegs cast in lead. On the shaft of the column the name of the destination was given in the Fraktur font at Zürner's direction based on the distance tables that had been worked out for each town. Several routes crossed state borders and this was indicated by the letters gr (for Grenze or "border") or a horizontal line. Part of the inscription on all columns was a post horn on all four sides, which was the emblem of the state's postal sovereignty. On the superstructure were the arms of the Electorate of Saxony with a gilded crown and the Polish royal crown with the royal Polish-Lithuanian coat of arms.
The milestones originally erected in front of the town gates usually had the distances marked on two sides and the names of the destination towns on the other two sides. Later columns, erected in the market squares, had the distances marked on all four sides.
The full-milestone (Ganzmeilensäule) was to mark every full mile along the post road. It was about 3.75 metres high and resembled the large distance milestone in shape. They were however more slender and had no coat of arms section. The information was inscribed on two sides so that travellers in both directions could read them. On the road side was the so-called serial number (Reihennummer) with which all roadside columns and milestones were numbered in sequence. Because a number was assigned every quarter of a mile, each full-milestone had a serial number divisible by four.
The half-milestone (Halbmeilensäule), also called the league post (Stundensäule) because the league corresponded to a half-mile, had a lower pedestal surmounted by a shaft that tapered from top to bottom. A roof-shaped, chamfered finial formed the uppermost element. Its total height was about 3 metres. It bore the same inscriptions as the full-milestone. The herm-like design of this column means that, today, there are only a few of this type that have survived. The serial number is even, but not divisible by four.
The quarter-milestone (Viertelmeilenstein) rests on a low pedestal and consists of a rectangular column or stele. Its total height was about 1.7 metres. There were no inscriptions on these milestones, they just bore the monogramme "AR", a post horn symbol, the year of manufacture and, on the narrow side facing the road, the serial number which was an odd number.
Distance milestone on the market square at Neustadt in Sachsen
Full-milestone on the Old Dresden to Teplitz Post Road near Breitenau
Half-milestone in Markneukirchen
Quarter-milestone in Bad Lausick
In the Kingdom of Saxony preparations for the introduction of the metric system were made as part of the work of the Standardization Commission (Normalaichungscommission) and the leading part played in that by Albert Christian Weinlig and Julius Ambrosius Hülße. These two men envisaged a transition phase from the old units. Almost simultaneously, similar efforts were being made at the level of the German Confederation.[13][14] A new survey was carried out in 1858 and between 1859 and 1865 a new system of milestones – the Royal Saxon milestones were made in the shape of station milestones (Stationssteine), full-mile, half-mile, junction (Abzweig-) and border crossing stones (Grenzübergangssteinen), noting that, from 1840, 1 mile = 7.5 km. On the introduction of the metric system in 1900, some of these were converted to kilometer, chaussee, boundary (Flurgrenz) and roadkeeper stones (Straßenwärtersteine).
- Carl Christian Schramm: Saxonia Monumentis Viarum Illustrata. - Wege-Weisern, Armen- und Meilen-Säulen. Wittenberg, 1727.
- Eberhard Stimmel: Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen – Bibliographie. Herausgegeben von der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin, 1988.
- Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. Herausgegeben von der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V.. transpress Verlag für Verkehrswesen, Berlin, 1989, ISBN 3-344-00264-3.
- Gustav Adolf Kuhfahl: Die kursächsischen Postmeilensäulen beim 200jährigen Bestehen. In: Mitteilungen des Landesvereins Sächsischer Heimatschutz. Band 11, Heft 4–6, Dresden, 1922, pp. 69–95, ISSN 0941-1151.
- Gustav Adolf Kuhfahl: Die kursächsischen Postmeilensäulen. In: Mitteilungen des Landesvereins Sächsischer Heimatschutz. Band 12, Heft 4–6, Dresden 1923, pp. 97–109, ISSN 0941-1151.
- Gustav Adolf Kuhfahl: Die kursächsischen Postmeilensäulen Augusts des Starken…. Verlag des Landesvereines Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Dresden, 1930.
- Heinz Burckart: Zur Geschichte der Postsäulenstellung in Kursachsen. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter. Heft 6, 1971, pp. 241–250.
- Hans-Heinrich Stölzel: Vorhandene kursächsische Postmeilensäulen und Reststücke. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter. Heft 6, 1971, pp. 261–271.
- Siegfried Rühle: Postsäulen und Meilensteine. Herausgegeben von der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V. 2. Auflage, Sächs. Druck- und Verlagshaus, Dresden, 1996.
- Postsäulen und Meilensteine. Herausgegeben von der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V. Dresden/Grillenburg (Stadt Tharandt). 3. überarbeitete Auflage, Schütze-Engler-Weber Verlags GbR, Dresden, 2007, ISBN 978-3-936203-09-7.
- Autorenkollektiv der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen: Rundbrief 1-88 (1964-2011), Herausgegeben von der Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Post milestone.
- Research group: the Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V.
- Map of the Ämter of Wurzen, Eilenburg & Düben (Schenck, Amsterdam 18th century, no mention of Zürner) This map shows two of the Saxon post milestones erected by Zürner: a half-mileston (fallen over, with the monogramme "AR") and a standing quarter-milestone.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, pp. 115–117.
- ^ O. Herrmann: Steinbruchindustrie und Steinbruchgeologie. 1st ed., Berlin, 1899.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, pp. 99, 100, 121.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 100.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 111.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, pp. 95–96.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 98.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 97.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 99.
- ^ vgl. Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e. V.
- ^ Autorenkollektiv: Lexikon Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen. 1989, p. 94.
- ^ Paul Domsch: Albert Christian Weinlig. Ein Lebensbild nach Familienpapieren und Akten. Chemnitz 1912 (Abhandlungen und Berichte der Technischen Staatslehranstalten in Chemnitz, Heft 2), p. 83.
- ^ Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für das Königreich Saxony, 1858, 12 March 1858 No. 18, Gesetz, die Einführung eines allgemeinen Landesgewichts und einige Bestimmungen über das Maaß- und Gewichtswesen im Allgemeinen betreffend.