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David L. VanderZwaag351, Jason May352
In 2004, the Canadian Minister of the Environment and the Nova Scotia Minister of Environment and Labour appointed a Joint Review Panel to environmentally assess a controversial proposal by Bilcon of Nova Scotia Corporation to develop a large basalt quarry and marine terminal at Whites Point, Digby County, Nova Scotia. The subsequent Joint Review Panel Report, which recommended against the development, and the rejection of the project proposal by the provincial and Canadian governments, represent a major success story for the practical implementation of the principles of sustainable development.
However, the review process does not represent a perfect outcome. The Joint Review Panel Report provided scant justification of the legal grounds for its rejection, and missed the opportunity to ground the recommendation in the context of recent international environmental law and policy developments. The U.S. corporate interests behind Bilcon of Nova Scotia, upset by the Review Panel's recommendations and the subsequent governmental rejection of the project, filed a claim against the Canadian government for US $188 million in damages under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Canadian and Nova Scotian environmental assessment law is adequate in many respects, but it should not be considered complete or without fault. Although both federal and provincial environmental impact assessment (EIA) legislation embraces various sustainability principles in their purpose sections, Canada and Nova Scotia have yet to establish clear and substantive criteria for reaching EIA decisions, opening the door to uncertainty and continued legal challenges.
On 5 November 2004, the Canadian Minister of the Environment and the Nova Scotia Minister of Environment and Labour announced the appointment of a three-member Joint Review Panel to environmentally assess a controversial proposal by project proponent Bilcon of Nova Scotia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bilcon of Delaware,353 to develop a large basalt quarry and marine terminal at Whites Point, Digby County, Nova Scotia.354 Although the project promised some benefits, such as the annual employment of 34 people at the quarry during its expected 50-year operation,355 it fuelled public controversy and community opposition because of its scale and potential environmental and social impacts. Bilcon proposed blasting/crushing about 2 million tonnes of rock per year and shipping about 40,000 tonnes of aggregate 44 to 50 times per year to New Jersey in the United States.356
Many potential adverse environmental impacts were of concern. They included: increased risk of ships striking endangered North Atlantic right whales due to the larger volume of vessel traffic;357 possible transport of invasive marine species from the United States to Canada via ballast water (particularly parasitic lobster disease occurring in United States waters but not in Canadian);358 and various potential impacts from noise associated with blasting and crushing rock. Other possible impacts were disruption of the migratory behavior of the endangered Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon;359 alteration of marine mammal feeding and socialising behaviors;360 and alteration of the movements and distribution of crustaceans, such as lobsters and snow crabs.361
Various potential social and cultural effects also fuelled community opposition. Fishers feared displacement from the marine terminal area and potential destruction of gear from shipping movements.362 Those in the tourism industry worried about the area's loss of its image as a pristine and peaceful environmental sanctuary and about the adverse effects on eco-tourism such as whale watching and kayaking.363 Aboriginal resource users had concerns over adverse impact on traditional uses such as hunting, fishing, and berry picking.364 Many residents lamented the possible reduction in the high quality of rural life and opposed an industrial-lifestyle model in favour of small local businesses.365 The Digby Neck area had attracted many retirees and summer residents intent on maintaining the area's natural beauty and peaceful environment.366 Loss of property values in the vicinity of the quarry and negative effects on drilled and dug wells were other 'spark points'.367
The Joint Review Panel Report of October 2007368 and the subsequent rejection of the project proposal by the provincial369 and Canadian governments370 represent a major success story for the practical implementation of the principles of sustainable development.371 The following section summarises the Review Panel's strong reliance on sustainability principles, such as precaution and public participation, in reaching its recommendation for rejection of the proposed project.
The final section offers three cautions about the success story. The Review Panel paid scant attention to justifying the legal grounds for its rejection recommendation. The Panel missed the opportunity to link its principled approach to international environmental law and policy developments. The investors behind Bilcon of Nova Scotia, incensed over the alleged discrimination against an American corporation and its investment commitments, has filed a claim against the Canadian government for US $188 million in damages372 under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement.373
The Review Panel, admitting to a somewhat unconventional approach, decided to evaluate the proponent's project proposal and EIA documentation in light of an 'adequacy analysis' framework through two lenses. The first lens was used to look at the project through five key principles:
Public Involvement – Environmental assessment requires the meaningful participation of community members.
Traditional Community Knowledge – Local people provide valuable knowledge to complement scientific studies provided by consultants and other experts.
Ecosystem Approach – A strong foundation of scientific information is fundamental to the assessment of potential environmental effects that may affect ecosystem health and viability.
Sustainable Development – Sustainable development suggests that communities make decisions about the use and commitment of resources while respecting the rights of future generations and other communities to social, economic and environmental health.
Precautionary Principle – Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, the precautionary principle suggests that uncertainty does not reduce the need to try to prevent environmental degradation.374
The second evaluative lens was the policy and legislative context. The Panel sifted through various policy and planning documents as well as many pieces of federal and provincial legislation for further guidance regarding the values and principles that should inform decisions about development projects.375 For example, a regional development authority, the Western Valley Development Authority, had issued a document entitled Building Tomorrow – Vision 2000: Multi-year Community Action Plan for Annapolis and Digby Counties, which set out various community goals including preservation of the region's biological diversity and ecological heritage and promotion of cultural heritage and tourism attractions.376 Regarding legislative guidance, the Panel noted the fundamental purposes set out in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act,377 such as application of a precautionary approach,378 promotion of sustainable development379 and encouragement of public participation.380
The Panel's Report, submitted to the federal and provincial ministers in October 2007, was very critical of the proposed project and the proponent's environmental impact statement (EIS) in light of the five guiding sustainability principles. The Panel concluded that the proponent had not lived up to the 'spirit' of the public participation principle by not effectively working with project opponents to find mutually agreeable solutions to identified problems.381 The Panel found inadequate efforts to include traditional community knowledge in the assessment process, especially the lack of consultation with or input by local fishers worried about losing access to fishing sites and potential negative effects on the quantity and quality of harvested marine organisms.382 The Panel criticised the proponent's EIS for not taking the ecosystem approach seriously and largely ignoring the interconnections among the terrestrial, marine, and human environments.383 The Panel also found the EIS feeble in addressing sustainable development. The EIS did not address the question of whether the project would deliver long-term improvements to sustainability.384 The Panel was especially critical of the proponent's flawed conception of the precautionary principle, which the proponent equated with adaptive management (learning through trial and error).385 In the Panel's view, the precautionary principle requires that the onus of proof rest with the proponent to show the proposed project will not lead to serious or irreversible environmental damage.386
The Panel further critiqued the project for not fitting within the core values reflected in various policy documents and legislative provisions.387 Community values were characterised as showing little support for an industrial-lifestyle model and favouring traditional lifestyles and quality of life.388
Although the Panel's main recommendation was for the project proposal to be rejected,389 which both levels of government subsequently followed,390 it made other recommendations, including that Nova Scotia develop and implement a comprehensive coastal zone management policy or plan to clarify what kinds of uses should be permitted391 and that Nova Scotia develop and implement more effective mechanisms for facilitating consultations between quarry proponents and local governments and communities.392
Although the Whites Point Quarry EIA process may be deemed a success story in putting sustainability principles into practice, the process should not be considered as having a 'fairy tale' ending. The Joint Review Panel Report gave scant justification for the legal grounds for its recommendations393 and in particular missed the opportunity to link its analytical framework to recent international environmental law and policy developments. The U.S. corporate interests behind Bilcon of Nova Scotia, upset by the Review Panel's recommendations and subsequent governmental rejection of the project, have chosen to pursue a US $188 million damage claim against the Government of Canada under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement.394
The 'adequacy analysis' framework adopted by the panel for the evaluation of the proposal was strongly supported by sustainability principles, while concomitantly being informed by pertinent legislation, regulations, and policy. However, despite a detailed focus on sustainability, the Panel's report failed to provide a concrete linkage between this principled approach and Canadian and provincial environmental assessment legislation and regulations. Aside from a cursory reference to relevant laws and regulations within Appendix 4,395 the Panel largely missed the opportunity to link sustainability principles contained within the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the Nova Scotia Environment Act396 to its decision.
In respect of a project assessment, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act has broadened the definition of 'environmental effect' to include changes to (among other things) 'health and socio-economic conditions' and 'physical and cultural heritage', insofar as such changes are linked to changes in the natural environment.397 Although this federal legislation puts limits on how principles and social considerations might be considered by requiring a connection to environmental change, it nonetheless provides a tangible connection in law between sustainability principles and environmental assessment.
In a similar fashion, the Nova Scotia Environmental Assessment Regulations398 have defined an 'environmental effect' as including, 'any effect on socio-economic conditions, on environmental health, physical and cultural heritage or on any structure, site or thing including those of historical, archaeological, paleontological or architectural significance'.399 This wording provides a firm basis in law to justify the inclusion of social, economic, and community-based concerns within the assessment of the Whites Point Quarry proposal.
The purpose sections of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the Nova Scotia Environment Act provide those conducting environmental assessments with guidance towards the inclusion of sustainability principles in assessment procedures. Section 4 of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Actsets out key principles including precaution, sustainable development, and public participation.400 Likewise, Section 2 of Nova Scotia's Environment Act also encourages application of various principles including the principle of ecological value, the precautionary principle, pollution prevention, integration of environmental and economic issues, and polluter pays.401
Despite these characteristics of the federal and provincial statutes, some within the legal community feel that the Panel exceeded its mandate (at least in part) by basing its decision on core social values independent of adverse environmental impacts.402 These critics have argued that the expanded role of sustainable development in environmental assessment is inconsistent with and unsupported by existing environmental assessment legislation.403 By not addressing the legal grounds for its recommendation in a detailed manner, the Panel missed an opportunity to address this argument and to advance the understanding of how sustainability principles may be currently applied within Canadian and Nova Scotian environmental assessments.
A somewhat disappointing dimension of the Joint Review Panel Report was the limited reference to the international environmental law and policy context supportive of a principled approach to EIA.404 Although the Panel noted the importance of international agreements relevant to environments and communities potentially affected by the project,405 the Panel specifically referred only to the North American Free Trade Agreement and noted the rights afforded to foreign investors are not absolute but subject to governmental responsibilities to protect the environment and human health.406
Two key international guidance documents were brought to the Panel's attention, which might have further supported the principled approach adopted,407 but no reference to these documents was made. The 'Guidelines for Applying the Precautionary Principle to Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management',408 approved by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Council in May 2007, suggest that where uncertainties exist about environmental threats, values and cultural perceptions of risk must play a role.409 The Guidelines further suggest that the precautionary principle may sometimes require strict prohibition of activities, particularly where potential damage is likely to be immediately irreversible (such as the spread of an invasive species) and where particularly vulnerable species or ecosystems are concerned.410
The 'Akwé: Kon Voluntary Guidelines for the Conduct of Cultural, Environmental and Social Impact Assessments Regarding Developments Proposed to Take Place on, or which Are Likely to Impact on, Sacred Sites and on Lands and Waters Traditionally Occupied or Used by Indigenous and Local Communities', endorsed in 2004 by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity411 and meant to be used in conjunction with the 'Voluntary Guidelines on Biodiversity-inclusive Environmental Impact Assessment',412 support a broad consideration of social and cultural impacts of proposed activities in impact assessment processes. For example, taking account of value systems of indigenous and local communities is urged413 and weighing the effects of a project on social cohesion is advocated.414
A Chapter 11 NAFTA challenge is unique because it permits an investor to launch a unilateral claim against a foreign (NAFTA signatory) government, thus allowing foreign corporations to engage host governments directly in binding international arbitration over complaints.415 This is a departure from customary international law in which the complaints of investors are normally asserted by their own governments on their behalf.416 Chapter 11 was originally included in NAFTA as a mechanism for protecting foreign direct investment from expropriation by host governments and to encourage cross-border investment among NAFTA member states through the protections it offers.417
However, despite its initial intent, the dispute resolution mechanism within Chapter 11 has increasingly been used by aggrieved foreign corporations as a vehicle to recoup losses arising from environmental regulations imposed by host nations.418 This unforeseen use of Chapter 11 has sparked particular unease within the environmental community.419 Specifically, they have expressed concern that the filing of claims by foreign investors may cause a 'regulatory chill' on host governments who hesitate to adopt environmental laws and policies for fear of being litigated against.420
Subsequent to the release of the Report by the Joint Review Panel, and the decision by the federal and provincial ministers to disallow the proposed quarry and marine terminal at Whites Point, the U.S. corporate interests behind Bilcon of Nova Scotia initiated an action under NAFTA Chapter 11, claiming damages in excess of US $188 million.421 Within the Notice of Intent, the investors claimed that Canada violated the provisions of Chapter 11; specifically Articles 1102, 1103, and 1105.422 Essentially, the investors are claiming that the regulatory measures taken by the governments of Canada and Nova Scotia were executed in a way that was 'discriminatory, arbitrary and unfair', and not in compliance with the international law obligations that Canada holds under NAFTA.423 The investors claim that these actions resulted in their receiving a treatment less favorable than that which is accorded to domestic corporations and investments.424 More specifically (and amongst other claims), the investors claim that the environmental review of the proposed development was biased, politically motivated, and that it took an unreasonable length of time.425 The claim also takes aim at the Joint Review Panel, alleging that the Panel exceeded and abused its mandate by incorporating elements into its analytical framework that are not established as accepted components of environmental reviews,426 and that the Panel recommendations were based 'on factors that were unprecedented and undisclosed to the investors.'427
When Chapter 11 arbitrations are decided in favour of an investor, the Tribunal has authority to order that damages be paid to the investor in compensation for its losses or that restitution of property (with an option to pay damages in lieu of restitution of property) be provided.428 However, there are limitations to the relief that can come from a Chapter 11 decision. A Tribunal does not possess the authority to issue injunctive relief, nor can it make recommendations to the respondent state to alter laws or policies that it finds are in violation of NAFTA.429 Furthermore, the dispute resolution mechanism under Chapter 11 only allows for a national government to be named as a respondent. In cases like the Whites Point Quarry dispute where there is another political entity (the Nova Scotia provincial government) involved, any obligation to pay an award in damages would nonetheless fall on the Canadian government as a NAFTA signatory.430 It is beyond the purview of NAFTA to determine whether the respondent state should seek reimbursement from the provincial government.431 Instead, issues such as these are destined to become matters of future domestic litigation.
Although Chapter 11 may have been forged with the intent of defending investors from discrimination and unjust measures, it has been shown to be a capable offensive tool for direct foreign investors wishing to be compensated for the effects of domestic environmental laws and policies.432 In addition, NAFTA categorizes the nature of all disputes between the state and the investor as commercial and very little allowance is made for public interest within commercial arbitration settings.433 However, many of the environmental issues arbitrated under Chapter 11 are more regulatory than commercial in nature and involve widespread public interest.434 Critics have argued that such an allowance is causing a shift in authority from the state to the investor, resulting in a tangible loss of sovereignty by the host nation.435
Whether a fuller legal grounding of the rejection recommendation by the Joint Review Panel and a more detailed discussion of how international environmental law and policy developments support a broad basis for weighing social and cultural values in EIA would have helped ward off a Chapter 11 action seems doubtful. Although the reasons for the action in the Notice of Intent make specific reference to an EIA procedure that was perceived to be 'fundamentally flawed' by the investors,436 it also makes reference to actions that are not directly related to the EIA, including a claim that provincial policy statements asserting the value of the mining industry in Nova Scotia led to a 'legitimate expectation' that the investors' business would be welcome in the province.437 It would seem that the investors have cast the net wide on the bases for their claim.
The contested Whites Point Quarry proposal in Nova Scotia stands as a sustainable development success story. The Joint Review Panel applied five of the key sustainability principles, including precaution and the ecosystem approach, and took seriously local social and cultural values in recommending rejection of the project.
The EIA review process does not represent a perfect story. The Joint Review Panel missed the opportunity to fully justify the legal grounds for its conclusions and to firmly ground its rejection recommendation within the context of international environmental law and policy developments. The distraught U.S. corporate interests behind Bilcon of Nova Scotia are pursuing a Chapter 11 challenge against the Canadian government for US $188 million in damages.
Canadian and Nova Scotian environmental assessment law should not be considered in a state of nirvana. Although both federal and provincial EIA legislation embrace various sustainability principles in purpose sections,438 Canada and Nova Scotia have yet to fully embrace the Akwé: Kon Guidelines and have yet to establish clear and substantive criteria for reaching decisions in environmental impact assessment.439 Perhaps the Chapter 11 challenge will be a wake-up call for further legislative reforms.
351 David L. VanderZwaag is Director, Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie University; Canada Research Chair in Ocean Law and Governance; and Co-chair IUCN Commission on Environmental Law's Specialist Group on Oceans, Coasts, and Coral Reefs.
352 Jason May is a Research Assistant, Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie University.
353 Bilcon of Delaware in turn is wholly owned by the principals of the Clayton group of companies in New Jersey.
354 Joint Review Panel Report, Environmental Assessment of the Whites Point Quarry and Marine Terminal Project (Including Appendix 1- Joint Panel Agreement), (Joint Review Panel for the Whites Point Quarry and Marine Terminal Project: Ottawa. 2007) available at http://www.gov.ns.ca/nse/ea/whitespointquarry.asp (accessed 15 May 2008).
355 Ibid., p. 10.
356 Ibid., p. 1.
357 Ibid., p. 9.
358 Ibid.
359 Ibid.
360 Ibid.
361 Ibid., p. 66.
362 Ibid., p. 76.
363 Ibid., p. 77.
364 Ibid., p. 67.
365 Ibid., p. 99.
366 Ibid., p. 72.
367 Ibid., pp. 74, 78.
368 Supra note 354.
369 Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour, Office of the Minister, 'Re: Whites Point Quarry and Marine Terminal' (20 November 2007) available at: www.gov.ns.ca/nse/ea/whitespointquarry.asp (accessed 15 May 2008).
370 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Standing Committee Reports and Government Responses, 'The Government of Canada's Response to the Environmental Assessment Report of the Joint Review Panel on the Whites Point Quarry and Marine Terminal Project (The Project)', available at: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/communic/reports/quarry/gr-quarry_e.htm (accessed 15 May 2008).
371 On the role and importance of principles, see: Nicolas de Saldeleer, Environmental Principles: From Political Slogans to Legal Rules (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2002); Sumudu A. Atapattu, Emerging Principles of International Environmental Law (Transnational Publishers: Ardsley Park, New York, 2006).
372 Notice of Intent, Bilcon of Delaware v. Government of Canada (2008), (Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration Under Section B of Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, issued 05 February 2008 and served to the Office of the Deputy Attorney General of Canada) at 7, available at: www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/disp-iff/clayton_archive.aspx?lang=en (accessed 15 May 2008).
373 North American Free Trade Agreement Between the Government of Canada, the Government of Mexico and the Government of the United States, 17 December 1992, Can. T.S. 1994 No. 2, 32 I.L.M. 289 (entered into force 1 January 1994) [NAFTA].
374 Supra note 354, p. 3.
375 Ibid., p. 94.
376 Ibid., p. 119.
377 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37.
378 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37, s. 4(1)(a) states that a purpose of the Act is to, 'ensure that projects are considered in a careful and precautionary manner [...] in order to ensure that such projects do not cause significant adverse environmental effects'.
379 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37, s.4(1)(b) states that a purpose of the Act is to, 'encourage responsible authorities to take actions that promote sustainable development and thereby achieve or maintain a healthy environment and a healthy economy'.
380 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37, s.4(1)(d) states that a purpose of the Act is to, 'ensure that there be opportunities for timely and meaningful public participation throughout the environmental assessment process'.
381 Supra note 354, p. 88.
382 Ibid., p. 89.
383 Ibid., p. 90.
384 Ibid., p. 91.
385 Ibid., p. 92.
386 Ibid.
387 Ibid., p. 99.
388 Ibid.
389 Ibid., p. 103.
390 Supra notes 369 and 370.
391 Supra note 354, p. 104. The Nova Scotia Government has subsequently committed to developing a Sustainable Coastal Development Strategy. See 'Nova Scotia Government Business Plan 2008–2009', available at: www.gov.ns.ca/finance/site-finance/media/finance/GovBusPlan.pdf (accessed15 May 2008).
392 Supra note 354, p. 105.
393 The limited legal discussion was largely confined to Appendix 4 (Policy and Legislative Context) of the report. For the view that the Panel, by making 'core values' and sustainability stand alone considerations, was not consistent with existing environmental assessment legislation, see Densted, S., Jamieson, J. and Keen, M., Joint Review Panels Exceed Mandate With Use of Sustainability Framework (20 February 2008), available at: www.osler.com/resources.aspx?id=14376 (accessed 15 May 2008).
394 Supra note 372, p. 7.
395 Supra note 354, p. 125.
396 Environment Act, S.N.S. 1994–95, c.1.
397 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37, ss.2(1)(a), (b)(i) – (iv).
398 Environmental Assessment Regulations, N.S.Reg. 44/2003.
399 Environmental Assessment Regulations, N.S.Reg. 44/2003, s.2(l)(i).
400 See supra notes 378–380.
401 Environment Act, S.N.S. 1994-95, c.1, s.2.
402 Supra note 393.
403 Ibid.
404 The Panel merely questioned in a general way whether the quarry and associated marine terminal would be consistent with the spirit and concepts advanced at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. Supra note 354, p. 27.
405 Ibid., p. 119.
406 Ibid., p. 128.
407 Professor VanderZwaag highlighted the relevance of the guidance documents through written and oral presentations to the Joint Review Panel. For the written presentation see: Comments by David L. VanderZwaag, Professor of Law and Canada Research Chair in Ocean Law and Governance, Marine and Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie Law School, June 26, 2007, available at: www.ceaa.gc.ca/010/0001/0001/0023/001/WP-1785-024.pdf (accessed 15 May 2008).
408 Developed jointly by Fauna & Flora International, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, ResourceAfrica and TRAFFIC. Available at: http://www.pprinciple.net/ (accessed 15 May 2008).
409 Ibid. Guideline 4.
410 Ibid. Guideline 12.
411 See Decision VII/16, Annex. Available at: www.cbd.int/decisions/cop-07.shtml?m=COP-07 (accessed 15 May 2008).
412 See Decision VIII/28. Available at: www.cbd.int/decisions/cop-08.shtml?m=cop-08 (accessed 15 May 2008).
413 Akwé: Kon Guidelines, supra note 411 para. 49.
414 Ibid. para. 51.
415 Capling, A. and Nossal, K.R. 'Blowback: Investor-State Dispute Mechanisms in International Trade Agreements', 2006 Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, Vol.19, No.2, 151 at 152.
416 Meltz, R. 'Foreign-Investor Protection and the Environment: A NAFTA Chapter 11 Update', 2004 Environmental Law Reporter, Vol.34, No.11, 10941 at 10945.
417 Supra note 415, p. 153.
418 The unintended use of Chapter 11 as a protection against environmental regulations has been attributed by some to the broadly defined key terms (such as 'expropriation' and 'fair and equitable treatment') within the document, leading to an expansive application of its provisions. See Chiu, C. 'Chapter 11 and the Environment', 2003 Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 71.
419 Gaines, S.E. 'Environmental policy implications of investor-state arbitration under NAFTA Chapter 11', 2007 International Environmental Agreements, Vol.7, No. 171, p. 197.
420 Supra note 415. p. 156.
421 Supra note 372, p. 7.
422 Ibid., p. 3.
423 Ibid.
424 Ibid.
425 Ibid., p. 4.
426 Ibid., p. 5.
427 Ibid.
428 Supra note 416, p. 10946.
429 Heindl, J.A. 'Toward a History of NAFTA's Chapter 11', 2006 Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol.24, Issue 2, 672 at 675.
430 Supra note 416, p. 10946.
431 Ibid.
432 Supra note 418, p. 74.
433 McBride, S. 'Reconfiguring Sovereignty: NAFTA Chapter 11 Dispute Settlement Procedures and the Issue of Public-Private Authority', 2006 Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol.39, No.4, p. 770–771.
434 Ibid., p. 771.
435 Jones, R.C. 'NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-to-State Dispute Resolution: A Shield to Be Embraced or a Sword to Be Feared?', 2002 Brigham Young University Law Review, Issue 2, 527 p. 542.
436 Supra note 372, p. 5.
437 Ibid. p. 6.
438 Supra notes 378–380 and 401.
439 On the need for clear criteria, see: George, C. 'Testing for Sustainable Development Through Environmental Assessment', 1999 Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol.19, 175; Gibson, R.B. 'Favoring the Higher Test: Contribution to Sustainability as the Central Criterion for Reviews and Decisions under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act', 2000 Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, Vol.10, Issue 1, 39; VanderZwaag, D.L., 'On the Road to Kingdom Come' in VanderZwaag, D.L. and Lamson, C. (eds.), The Challenge of Arctic Shipping: Science, Environmental Assessment, and Human Values (McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston, 1990) p. 237. For a discussion on EA process reform, and the importance of harmonizing the criteria for final decision-making among multiple EA jurisdictions, see: Doelle, M., The Federal Environmental Assessment Process: A Guide and Critique (LexisNexis Canada Inc.: Markham, Ontario, 2008).
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Reviewed By Robert V (South Lyon, MI) Reviewed for a 1999 Dodge Ram —11/14/2015 4:07 PM
First off, customer service at this company is GREAT! As for the system, it installed pretty easy (watched the video ahead of time, and while doing it). The truck is 16 years old and has rusted screw holes, but a few longer self tapping screws were fine. As for the mpg and hp/torque increase, I couldn't say, installed it, and I know that an exhaust will be the real truth in them COMBINED. I do remember from a different one though....... Do not tighten the top bolt to tight!

subset: commoncrawl


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Macheda headed the only goal of the game in the 71st minute, his third strike in two games, as the Owls' winless start to the Sky Bet Championship season stretched to eight games.
Dickov said of the Italian loanee: "He comes alive in the box. He's got that horrible knack of being in the right place at the right time, which is what every team needs and every team wants.
"At the minute it's still just the month (his loan deal) but we're hopeful we can extend it. All the conversations that we had when he first came in were really positive."
Dickov, who saw his side win for the first time in seven matches, added: "In the first half I was really disappointed with the performance. I thought Wednesday were better than us with and without the ball, but we're going to get days like that.
"At half-time we changed the system around and in the second half we were a lot better. We kept the ball better and we were a threat on the break as well.
"I'm delighted with the three points more than anything else because we've been playing well recently and not getting the points we deserved, so to pick up three away from home, we're really happy."
- Sports & Recreation


text:
I updated to WordPress 3.5 yesterday. After that, I downloaded Online Backup for WordPress and set up encrypted backups.
I have lost all the data on my blog and need to reinstall from the encrypted backup. I was able to download this successfully as a zip file. However, when I try to Decrypt Backup, it says that the encryption code is incorrect. I am 100% sure that it is correct as I had written down and it is the same code that I use to successfully download the backup file.
Thanks for your help.


text:
- Report: #1073689
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: On Point Roofing
On Point Roofing26900 E Colfax Ave Aurora, Colorado USA
On Point Roofing - James Causey Not obeying child support collection laws Aurora Colorado
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Last stand for Mcleish and a few players.
At Norwich I have no doubt that we will see the end of a number of people currently involved at Villa. We know for certain Guzan, Cuellar and Heskey will be in their last games for the club. I also suspect we may see the last game for either Collins or Dunne (whether on the bench or not) and maybe Warnock. It will be the end of an era for some.
Then of course I have no doubt it will be the last game on the sidelines for Mcleish and Grant. Today Mcleish admitted he has emailed Faulkner for a meeting. Not heard of a phone ? or was an email a forlorn attempt to prevent the obvious happening ? Mcleish his gone and his last team selection will be
Cuellar Collins Dunne Lichaj
Nzog Herd Clark Warnock
Gabby Heskey
We are not safe (though only a football miracle can send us down) so maybe this is sensible and safe looking for the record number of PL draws. If Mcleish was feeling brave then why give some a last hurrah and not just play those certain to be at Villa Park next season. It will be the first game for a long time that we can be relaxed in. For those of us not going streams may be impossible to find. For those of you going, enjoy and imagine a certain team in Blue may get a few mentions.
End of a horrible season. time to review it next week and I suspect yet another draw may be forthcoming. However I would put a fiver that by Sunday 8PM it may well be that Mcleish is no longer manager and in a very dark season, finally some light at the end of the tunnel.
BYE Alex you will not be missed.


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Everything came back after updating to 188.8.131.52 Thanks!!!
Everything came back after updating to 184.108.40.206 Thanks!!!
18.104.22.168 still won't work for me - many styles are missing and my homepage loses all integrity. I guess I could try to add the styles back into my child theme's stylesheet... but for the moment I need to stay at 184.108.40.206
22.214.171.124 giving me same issue. My Right Sidebar Widget is appearing in Home Widget 1 position, and one of the text widgets isn't showing at all.
Update - I meant LEFT Sidebar widget. For now, on the Home page I just created two divs in order to manufacture a widget. You can see the other pages like About Us, which are set to Sidebar/Content layout are not working.
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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Fifty Shades of Grey (original 2011; edition 2012)
by E. L. James
Work details
Fifty Shades of Grey by E. L. James (2011)
Did I just read this book. Oh my goodness, I fear that I did.
This was one of those books that I found for free on the internet. People have been talking about it a lot lately and studying for exams didn't seem terribly exciting so I picked this up. I don't even know how to describe it. It was kind of like a train wreck- you just couldn't look away and put this book down. It was awful! Frankly, the writing was horrible and there was no plot. I don't see the appeal. Except for now that I've been sufficiently traumatised by this book I need to find out what this guy's problem is... but that entails reading the next one or two and I don't know if I dare embark on those...
Also, I can definitely see how this is a Twilight fan fiction- Christian Grey was very similar to Edward Cullen- his music collection, love of cars, stalkerish behavior, dark self-loathing, sparkling in the sun (jk on that last one)... but worse
hated it,gave up! Hated Anastasia naive with no self respect and allows a stalker into her life.Hated Christian for every possible reason. The writing in this book is horrid!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Even the sex couldn't make this book better.
With an ending like this, I would usually be sad, devastated or something along those lines. However, one star goes to this one because instead of leaving me in tears, I laughed. It is beyond silly. That never happened before. It is not a case where a reader hates where the characters are going. I don't give lower ratings when that happens, but I don't like when a heroine is this stupid. It isn't about the big picture at all (what she allowed or did not allow, that doesn't matter). It is about her reactions, thoughts and comments to the things she saw and experienced.
amazing book!! I know a lot of bad reviews have been going around about this series but I absolutely loved it.
"Fifty Shades of Grey" is being released in time for Valentine's Day. That's a bold move, since the film is not just unromantic but specifically anti-romantic; take your valentine along, by all means, but, be warned, it'll be like watching "Rosemary's Baby" at Christmas
Sadomaso-Bestseller "Shades of Grey": Das Leben kann so stöhn sein - Fesselnde Story? Oder reine Quälerei? Der Sadomaso-Softporno "Shades of Grey" erzählt von einer Frau, die sich lustvoll einem Mann unterwirft. Jetzt erscheint der heiß diskutierte Bestseller auch in Deutschland. Sie wollen mitreden, ohne das Ding zu lesen? Hier die wichtigsten Fakten.
Is contained in
Fifty Shades Trilogy: Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed 3-volume Boxed Set by E. L. James
Fifty Shades Duo: Fifty Shades Darker / Fifty Shades Freed (Fifty Shades, #2-3) by E. L. James
Is parodied in
Has as a reference guide/companion
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
No descriptions found.
When literature student Anastasia Steele is drafted to interview the successful young entrepreneur Christian Grey for her campus magazine, she finds him attractive, enigmatic and intimidating. Convinced their meeting went badly, she tries to put Grey out of her mind -- until he happens to turn up at the out-of-town hardware store where she works part-time.… (more)
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Order Reprints
Journal: Catalysts, 2012
Volume: 2
Number: 434
Article: Enhancement of Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Complex Hydrides via Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Doping
Authors: Sesha S. Srinivasan and Prakash C. Sharma
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MDPI provides reprints in high quality with convenient shipping to destinations worldwide. The articles are printed in on premium paper with high-resolution figures. Our covers are customized to your article and designed to be complimentary to the journal. These reprints are ideal additions to your portfolio. Copy details: 135g/m2 paper, 2x stitched, full colour and glossy finish, orderable in quantities from 10 to 1000.
If you have any questions, or special requests, please write to firstname.lastname@example.com; we are happy to provide you with the information you need.


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In the news, businesses need oversight for cloud migration, enterprise software focuses on the cloud and Big Data, and a paper presents an argument for why your manufacturing client should have a 3D printer in house.
According to a PwC report, there are currently about 1.5 million robots working in industries around the world, with as many as 230,000 in the U.S. alone.
LNS Research outlined what 2015 may look like for many companies, including connection to customers, operational challenges, business conditions, and how some manufacturers will achieve their operational goals.
LNS Research shared data collected from its ongoing Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) survey.
Articles cited this week deal with helping your clients apply lean principles, plan and prepare for supply chain risks, and tech trends that are changing the manufacturing landscape.
Traditionally, organizations have been trained to believe global trade solutions can only remain safe and in compliance if they are securely encased behind a corporate firewall. As an Aberdeen Group report shows, however, this isn't necessarily the case.
The ways mobility is impacting the manufacturing environment is in the news this week, as well as the benefits of timely, accurate information sharing to vendor managed inventory (VMI).
Among all the applications — and potential applications— for 3D printing, one that might not be top of mind is providing shelter for the homeless. A recent 3DPrint article reports on a crowdfunding campaign, however, aimed at just that.
In the news, U.S. orders for durable goods, business spending, and gauge of manufacturing activity all increase. Also, an article gives examples of the importance of creating security solutions that are easy for employees to use. Also predictions for cybersecurity threats in 2015 include IoT, mobile app, data center vulnerabilities.
Websense has released its list of cybersecurity predictions for 2015. The year 2014 was fraught with data breaches and challenges to security across industries and technologies. "Cybercriminals are continually adapting evasive techniques and methods so they can circumvent the security systems that were specifically put in place to stop them," Charles Renert, vice president of Websense Security Labs, says in a press release. "By thoroughly analyzing recent cybercrime trends and tactics, we have established a common thread across each of these predictions: threat activity is increasing in frequency and sophistication."


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Check out: Saif Ali Khan-Kareena Kapoor's post wedding PICTURES
Yes, they are married! Bollywood's hot couple Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor tied the knot legally a few hours back. Saif and Kareena after the marriage waved at the crowd as husband and wife. Saif looked dashingly handsome in a green kurta while Kareena wore a green salwar-kurta with a heavy embellished red dupatta wrapped around her. She teamed it up with minimal jewellery, red bangles and left her hair open.
Bollywood star couple, Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor today tied the knot here in a quiet affair after a five-year courtship. Saif, 42, sealed his relationship with Kareena, 32, at his residence in suburban Bandra through a registered marriage. "It was a registered marriage with three witnesses -- Kareena's father Randhir Kapoor, her mother Babita and Saif's mother Sharmila," marriage Registrar Surekha Ramesh told PTI.
The couple who started dating in 2007, married in the presence of close friends and family this afternoon. The couple had officially declared their intention to tie the knot in the beginning of 2012. Randhir and his elder daughter Karisma later waved to the waiting fans and media from the balcony of the house.
Here are the exclusive first pictures of Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor post their marriage.


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Vampire RPG: Storyteller's Companion & Screen
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The Secrets of a World of Darkness at your fingertips with this revised Storytellers screen. 72 pages of new rules and information essential for Vampire: The Masquerade.
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White Wolf Press
Weight: 700 grams (estimated)
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Board Game Geek is an incredible compilation of information about board and card games with many descriptions, photographs, reviews, session reports, and other commentary.


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Four tools for non-linear presentations
Thousands of users sit through talks twiddling their thumbs while looking at bullet point parades against garish backgrounds. Four tools in the current test prove that presentations can be visually appealing, dynamic, and even exciting.
Most people listening to a lecture will not openly ask the heretical question: "Is he just using PowerPoint, or does he have a message?" However, it does reveal a dent in the market leader's halo. The software isn't necessarily to blame, even though it does tempt lecturers to create slides as cues, rather than underlining their message with meaningful visual information. It is more of a problem with the rigid format in PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, and the like, and it is always hard to keep track of a presentation with complex slides.
When an artist and a computer scientist got together in 2007 to define an alternative to dusty deserts of slides, they had no need to reinvent the wheel. Adam Somlai-Fischer and Peter Halacsy polished up the old kindergarten technique of wall collages by adding a clear guide line, and Prezi is their interactive presentation workspace for the browser. The platform-independent tool served as a template and inspiration for the other test candidates and is thus the first to enter the ring. From the rich choice of open source me-toos, the test team also picked the browser-based tools dizzy.js and impress.js, as well as the Inkscape add-on Sozi. All of our presentation experiments used Firefox 14.0.1 and Inkscape 0.48 on Linux Mint version 12.0 and Ubuntu 12.04, as well as Chromium 18.0 (only on Ubuntu 12.04).
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LinuxCon North America Convenes in Toronto, Canada
Linux Foundation's big event celebrates the 25th anniversary of Linux
Linux Turns 25
Linux has evolved from a "won't be a professional" project to one of the most professional software projects in the history of computers.
Mirantis Joins Hands with SUSE To Offer RHEL Support; Red Hat Not Happy
Competitors get in the game with RHEL without Red Hat
Linux on Windows 10 Poses a Security Risk
Security researchers have already notified Microsoft; some fixes are available
Mirantis to Refactor OpenStack Fuel for Kubernetes
The company is collaborating with Google and Intel to use Kubernetes as an engine for Fuel
Canonical Joins Document Foundation Advisory Board
The upcoming release of LibreOffice will be available as a snap package
SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
Ubuntu Vendor tries to solve app packaging and distribution problem across distributions.


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- Report: #983945
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: WWW.EMAXPOINT.COM
WWW.EMAXPOINT.COMInternet United States of America
EMAXPOINT.COM Fraudly using debit or credit. cards on web site and consumers charge for purchases. I never gave personal info. on web site. Internet
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/18/2012 04:02 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/WWWEMAXPOINTCOM/internet/EMAXPOINTCOM-Fraudly-using-debit-or-credit-cards-on-web-site-and-consumers-charge-f-983945. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Top Definition
An odd but strangely compelling song sung by the "Hamsters". They even have an album, how freaky is that? It gets stuck in your head, oh yes it does...dee ba dee ba...
Dee be dee ba doh doh...
Rob S가 작성 2004년 02월 15일 (일)
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
To start a thread on a message board which has previously been started by others.
Derived from the ubiquitous YouTube "Hamster Dance" videos.
Derived from the ubiquitous YouTube "Hamster Dance" videos.
"HAMSTERDANCE!!! We talked about Sarah Palin's plastic tits yesterday, dumbass. Why don't you pay attention?"
Carrite가 작성 2008년 11월 04일 (화)
It's just like safe deposit, except with any live or formerly live rodent. Doing this may cause you're bitch to dance.
That bitch was dancing all night, must have had some hamster dancing.
Scroto Hoebaggins가 작성 2004년 11월 20일 (토)
This evil, evil song makes every annoying song in history seem good. The hamsters are evil! EVIL! DO NOT LISTEN TO THE HAMSTERS!
Think of dancing hamsters.
PatamonKid가 작성 2004년 02월 17일 (화)


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Firelands Regional Medical Center gift shops are operated by the Firelands Auxiliary and offer seasonal items, home decor, jewelry, apparel, plush items and more. Gift Shop vendors include (click on vendor's name to visit their website):
Beautiful fresh floral arrangements are also created in-house by hospital volunteers and are available for purchase at all three locations. Special orders can also be made through any of the gift shops and can be delivered directly to patient rooms. Phone orders are accepted.
Proceeds from items bought at the Firelands gift shops, special fundraising events, and donations make it possible for the Firelands Auxiliary to purchase equipment for the hospital. Some of the Auxiliary's contributions include money toward: security system updates, equipment for the Center for Women and Newborns and Children's S.P.O.T., patient beds and much more.
If you are interested in helping others, consider joining our team as a Gift Shop volunteer. Your time and talents offered in the Auxiliary gift shops will benefit patient care at Firelands. To learn how to get started as a volunteer, click here.


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- + Follow
Aurelien Dogbeh
Graphic & product designer. 5 yrs of experience. Available.
Paris, France
Paris, France
Designer produit, Infographiste, 5 ans d'expérience. Product and graphic designer, 5 yrs of experience. Paris, FRANCE. En quête de nouvelles expériences/Looking for new opportunities. Mon site web//My website : www.aureliendogbeh.com fr.linkedin.com/in/aureliendogbeh - firstname.lastname@example.com
Training leading to a qualification :
- Learning HTML 5, CSS 3, PHP, Javascript
- UX design
- Wordpress
- Protection rights for authors
In charge of the graphic design department : catalogues, displays, advertisings, 2D and 3D illustrations.
Visuals (flyers, posters, press kit, photocall) for the 6th edition of the festival.
Design of an bucket hats collection
Technical Packs
2D illustrations (Illustrator)
Design of a sneaker collection for men
Eweyear design :
- sketches
- 2d and 3D Ilustrator work
Quiksilver technical division, Soorts-Hossegor
I've worked on jewels advertising and window displaying for french jewellers such as Cartier, Chaumet, Chanel and Swarowski;
work includes a lot of sketching, 3D modeling, graphic design (scenography), researches of materials (fabrics, papers...) for the marketing of a new brand of alcoholic beverage
Internship at Verso (Senlis, France) publicity and graphic design agency
working on graphics and scenography for fashion brands such as Phillipe Bréal, Scottage and Cache Cache


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The Valley's Leading Health & Wellness Clinics
Envoque MD is a wellness company with an intensely trained team including a Naturopathic Medical Doctor and a certified Nutritionist/Physiologist. The Envoque MD team is dedicated to providing bio-identical hormone optimization, advanced Thyroid therapy and medical weight loss services.
Bio-identical Hormone Optimization
Are you suffering from hot flashes? Do you have less energy than you used to? Are you tipping the scales lately and don't know why? We have the answers!
Envoque MD patients achieve peak physical and mental performance and improved sexual vitality while reducing their risk of heart disease, stroke and other age-related diseases. Our physicians and clinical team will create a fully personalized program to help you best manage aging with bio-identical hormone optimization. Call today for a FREE consultation 480-289-3690!
The vast majority of hypothyroid cases are being treated inappropriately or misdiagnosed by the standard health care model. At EnVoque MD we have done exhaustive research along with successful clinical experience and have helped thousands of suffering patients end the needless suffering. Hypothyroidism is the most mis-diagnosed health issue in America today. Set up a FREE consultation today and change your life!
Weight Loss Program
Our weight loss program consists of a three-phase approach guided by trained medical professionals. A nutritionally sound and balanced dietary program is the backbone of the educational process used to guide patients to a healthier lifestyle. The program does not rely on prepackaged foods or liquid diets laden with additives, but rather on healthy foods from the grocery store.


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Just a mattter of time. Beating the numbers greatly. More Millions of $ go to the equity.
Sentiment: Buy
Chart looks good, going back to 8's like 2 days ago then on the way to 10 in a few weeks. GLTA
Sentiment: Strong Sell
This is STRONG BUY. I am long and have been buying calls.
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Seems like I caught the bottom at about 4.5% on the yield. Very excited about BRKS long term, best of breed in their niche industry and Life Sciences is adding to both Revs and Margin. Good luck longs.
Well BRKS did break 10 today. More time needed fundamental improvement. I can wait a couple years.
Sentiment: Hold


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Similar Topics
Zamia, a genus of 55 species of cycads (family Zamiaceae), small, stocky, fern-like plants native to tropical and subtropical America. They have a turniplike, mostly underground stem that in some species reaches 3 metres (10 feet) or more in height. A starchy food is obtained from the crushed roots and stems of certain species, among them coontie, or comfortroot (Z. integrifolia), found in the southeastern United States and the West Indies.
Learn More in these related articles:
Annotated classification
...a new genus now described under the name Chigua. Chigua reveals features hitherto undescribed in any American genus or species, for the specimens, which in most respects resemble Zamia, are unique in having leaflets with midribs and lateral veins, a characteristic formerly known only in Stangeria.
Genus of about 40 species of palmlike cycads (plants of the family Zamiaceae), native to Australia and grown elsewhere as ornamental and conservatory specimens. The genus includes...


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Rebirth: Five Questions to Ponder
Partners with comiXology to bring its DC-Branded App to Huge Android Audience
ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY's exclusive first look inside JUSTICE LEAGUE # 1
DC COMICS – THE NEW 52 #1 is available worldwide this Wednesday and features a six-page preview of Geoff Johns and Jim Lee's JUSTICE LEAGUE #1. Can't wait that long?
FLASHPOINT FRIDAY: "Step back, I'll fix it my way."
When Cyborg locked Mick Rory away in the Hall of Doom for murdering Firestorm, little did he know the risk that comes from being the target of Heatwave's vengeance. With help from Eel, a.k.a Plastic Man, Heatwave generates an escape plan.
The New Adventures of the Man of Steel Continue
Over the course of last week, we provided you with a first look at the solicits for the October titles in DC Comics-The New 52.
The NEW YORK POST debuts the cover to ACTION COMICS #1
San Diego Comic-Con doesn't kick off until this Wednesday, but THE NEW YORK POST gets the convention off to an early start today with their exclusive first look at the cover to ACTION COMICS #1.
FLASHPOINT FRIDAY: "Unite and follow me as one great force and the whole of Calcutta can be ours."
Michael Desai is as ruthless in his personal life as he is in the business world. A look back into his origins shows how he took over the crime scene in India and set up the power base he has today.
FLASHPOINT FRIDAY: "The Amazons have been streamrolling over the entire region. Guess it was only a matter of time before we got caught in the crossfire."
A savage attack by the Amazons ends in Dick Grayson's orphanhood. With Deadman now being the closest thing he has to a family, Dick will have to convince his friend to join him in the Resistance after a vigilante named Vertigo enlists their help.


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Is anyone maintaining / developing Jennifer Hodgdon's Language Switcher plugin ? She stopped several years ago (because she stopped using WordPress).
It's a lightweight, effective piece of code and I've been using it for years. However, I strongly suspect that the code is no longer best practice as far as WordPress is concerned.
I've been trying others, but can't get on with them. They seem to either be a pretext for advertising translation services or with features that are unnecessary or buggy.
I'm not a php wizard, but I'm willing to work with someone to get this plugin up to speed.


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okay so um..in two weeks i have to go to mediation with the sd or as i know im db (douche bag) and i haven't talked to him in a month. now the story between me and him is well...it sounds like a country song at first and then i just sound like a slut and...yeah
so i meet the sp at the county fair (the country song part) and at the time i was kind of seeing someone else (that was going nowhere apprently) well my friends were trying to get me to talk to him and i was like you know i'm seeing someone and they're like you haven't seen him in how long. so i thought i'd be funny and just go along with them and i gave him my number.
well he started texting me the next day and we talked and then we hung out the day after (this is the slut part#1) we went out to the bar with his friend and I got wasted. we went to this house that he was working on and well... you know what happened (i also have to mention that he was told by 2 doctors that he wouldn't be able to have kids btw). the next day i felt dirty and thought i wasn't going to be with this guy what was i thinking? so yeah this contiuned on and off for a while. so the next month i tought well i can give him a shot he seems like a nice guy so we started dating. that didn't go too far cuz at the end of the month i noticed that he was controlling and jealous. so i ended it. 2 weeks later i found out i was pregnant.
now this db was brainwashing me into getting an abortion. so i made the appointment and the day before i was supposed to get it done i was getting signs from left and right about not doing it. so i told him i'm keeping the baby and he was happy about it. i also told him that he can either be a part of the baby's life or not it's up to him i'm not going to tie him down. well we started dating again during his time he was again trying to make me get an abortion. once again i saw that same rage- controlling, jealous and now drug and alcohol addict. i finally said we don't have to be together in order for this baby to have two parents. he said if i knew this was going to happen i would've made you get an abortion.
so i started taking care of things on my own and have been for the past year.
db is manipulative and always does a 180. one minute nice one minute dick.
anywho... he's only seen our daughter twice and we had court in octorber. so now we have to go to mediation-get this-the week before christmas :( how depressing!!! oh and on top of that we have to go back to court in january- great way to start the new years.
since court he still hasn't seen his daughter or called or anything so i don't know what's going to happen.
i forogt to mention that he's seeing someone new who has 2 kids. so he's been playing house with someone else's kids and can't even take care of his own.


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The Nordic Museum has exhibitions about life and work, trends and traditions, in Sweden from the 16th century to today. Our collections include clothes and fashion, textiles, furniture and interiors, jewellery, photography, folk art, glass and china. The Museum was founded in 1873 by Artur Hazelius. Welcome!
A free 30 minute introduction to the Nordic museum – every day at 11 am and 2 pm. Starting point by the Gustav Vasa statue.
Why do the Swedes eat "semlor" (cream buns with marzipan)? How did people prepare for Christmas in earlier times? What are the origins of the Midsummer pole?
The main characters in this exhibition are grandfather clocks, cabinets, boxes and chests.
A Taste of Hops is an exhibition about home-brewing past and present.
The audio guide tour through the galleries takes in such things as the fully laid 17th century table, 18th century high fashion and August Strindberg's original manuscript – as well as the exciting history and architecture of the museum building.
The audio guide is available in Swedish, Easy Swedish, Sami, English, German, Spanish, Russian, French, Finnish, Italian, Arabic and Chinese.


text:
- Report: #38337
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Signature Credit, Classic Advantage Card
Signature Credit, Classic Advantage Card333 City Boulevard West,17th Fl. Orange, California U.S.A.
Signature Credit, Classic Advantage Card ripoff credit card ripoff deception lots of outlandish promises, results NADA nothing Orange California
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All this for just a $37.00 fee via first class mail. $44.00 for rush processing via us priority mail.
New Bedford, Massachusetts
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 12/16/2002 07:41 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Signature-Credit-Classic-Advantage-Card/Orange-California-92868/Signature-Credit-Classic-Advantage-Card-ripoff-credit-card-ripoff-deception-lots-of-outla-38337. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Georgia Cotton: Liberty Control Of Pigweed Depends On Time Of Day
During winter meetings, Georgia growers were presented research results showing how the time of day influenced Liberty (Ignite) activity on Palmer amaranth during 2011 (Figure 1). Control ranged from 8 to 97% in response to the time of day in which applications were made.
Control from applications made around 12:30 am and 6:45 am provided 8 and 50% control, respectively. In contrast, mid-day or late afternoon applications provided excellent control (97-99% control).
Additional studies are in progress to better understand this interesting time of day impact on Liberty.
Figure 2 shows the level of Palmer amaranth control from a single Liberty application made from one hour before sunrise up through 6 hours after sunrise; results suggest applications should not be made until at least one hour after sunrise.
Figure 3 shows the level of Palmer amaranth control from Liberty applications made 6 hours before sunset through 1 hour after sunset. Control with afternoon/evening applications were more stable when compared to morning applications but the data does suggest less control may be achieved as the sun sets.
Applications of Liberty to Liberty Link cotton pose no significant injury risk regardless of the time in which applications are made. However, response of Widestrike cotton is more complex (Figure 4).
As expected, Widestrike cotton injury from Liberty applied alone is greatest during mid-day applications (similar to Palmer control). It is important to note, the addition of Dual Magnum or Warrant with Liberty would increase the level of injury noted regardless of the time of day applications are made BUT the greatest level of injury would now most likely be observed with early morning applications to cotton covered in heavy dew when followed by a hot sunny day.
Just as a reminder, we do not recommend or suggest applications of Liberty be made to any cotton other than that containing Liberty Link technology.
There has been a significant push to include ammonium sulfate (AMS) with Liberty. So far, research has shown the impact from AMS (regular spray grade) to Liberty often causes:
Reduced Palmer control with early morning sprays.
Minimal to no benefit of Palmer control with sprays during other times of the day.
Potential to increase the level of cotton injury regardless of application timing. Therefore, we strongly encourage growers do not use AMS for in-crop applications of Liberty.
These 2012 research efforts are currently being conducted at 2 GA locations as well as a location in Tennessee, North Carolina and Louisiana. The early results from the Tennessee location (Larry Steckel) are similar to our results. By this winter, we should have a very good understanding on how time of day influences control of Palmer amaranth by Liberty across the Southeast and Mid-South.
AgFax Weekend 8-29 Retailer Margins Tighter; Mycogen's New Pricing Plan
This week's news in agriculture from Agfax Media.


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Commissionerate, Integrated Child Development Services Scheme, Maharashtra State, 1st Floor Raigad Bhavan CBD Belapur, 614 http://www.icds.gov.in Icds
- Evaluations of Icds:
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pure exim container terminals (18) combined (exim+ domestic) container terminals (30) pure domestic terminal (14) (central region) more
Current Financial Year: 2012-2013 more
About ICDS The Directorate of Integrated Child Development Services is primarily concerned with the implementation of schemes related to children ... more
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ICDS Recruitment 2012 www.icds.tn.nic.in Integrated Child Development Services Scheme : Anganwadi Worker, Helper chennai, helper, in 2012, project officer ... more
ICDS is today the largest community based outreach programme for holistic early child development.It is a crucial link between disadvantaged communities both the ... more
Integrated Child Development Services . Uttar Pradesh. Integrated Child Development Services more
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Designed & Developed by National Informatics Centre, Gujarat. © National Informatics Centre, Gujarat. All Rights Reserved. more
Details of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme; Particulars Description; Name of the Scheme: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme more
•One day Home for Social Welfare Department ( ICDS ),Poojappura,TVM more
An interactive Geographic Information System (GIS) to view and analyze ICDS program implementation data at Anganwadi Centre (AWC) level more
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Bathinda District is situated in the Southern part of Punjab State in the heart of Malwa region. It forms part of newly created division Faridkot Revenue ... more
Anchal: Newsletter for ICDS Fraternity: Detailed Location of Anganwadi Centers: Economic Survey of Bihar 2011-12: First 1000 Days of Life: A Handbook more
TN GOVERNMENT JOBS. This site consist of vacancy position of Tamilnadu government jobs, Central governement jobs & , other state government jobs. more
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The Integrated Child Development Sevices Programme aims at providing services to pre-school children in an integrated manner so as to ensure proper growth and ... more


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Metallica voted 'Most Influential Band'
On hearing the news, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich, was quoted by the magazine as saying , "It gives me a very warm and fuzzy feeling that Kerrang! Magazine have voted Metallica as the band that most changed their lives. I remember the first issue of the magazine in 1981. I had made a pilgrimage to England because I was obsessed with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. I travelled all over the country and that first issue accompanied me everywhere."
Metallica has had a strong fan-base who have supported them right from the beginning. Loyal fans was in fact one of the main reasons behind the band's success.


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Hey All -
So I'm having an issue with my kitchen sink not working. All the buttons are there, but I went to go make a link this evening and the link button wasn't working. So I was like FINE!! I'll just go do it the old school way (write the code in text mode) and I found I couldn't even click over into that tab.
Some of the kitchen sink buttons seem to be working. (change color of font, change the header) In fact the only options that don't seem to be working are the adding links and the tabs to "Text" to "visual".
I've also noticed that it only does this with a published page or post. If I haven't published and am editing it, it works just fine.
I've deactivated all plug-ins and am currently in the twenty-twelve theme and I'm still not having luck.
I also reinstalled wordpress just to make sure. I'm literally pulling my hair out here, so any suggestions or advice would be most excellent.


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4 Parks near Claresholm, Alberta
Granum, Alberta 11.44 miles SE
Fort Macleod, Alberta 22.28 miles SE
Champion, Alberta 23.8 miles NE
Nanton, Alberta 24.06 miles NW
366 – 46 Avenue West Claresholm, Alberta T0L 0T0 (map) | (403) 625-2751
Sites: 28 | Latest Rate: $30.00 | 3 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Aug 2016 - $30.00
In all honesty, I don't recall the exact price, but thought it was very reasonable.
This little campground is a gem! Easy access to the highway, well-marked, good roads within the park. We fit our 45 ft motorhome into a back-in spot with room to spare. There was only 30 amp electric service and water. There are a few full hookup sites available but none were open during our stay. No trees on our site, so the satellite worked great.
Would definitely stay here again! - MerBee
Jun 2015 - $28.00
This is a hidden gem with nice level back-in sites with good utilities. The Wi-Fi works well but will time out after a period of time, just log back in. No cable and we were not able to receive any over the air channels. Easy to get to and easy to get around in. Very friendly host that will tell you about the area and things to do. We would stay here again. - dandg
Aug 2013 - $25.00
The campsites are gravel with a paved internal road and are fairly level. The facilities are very clean. The showers are free. This campground is close to the town's amenities like the indoor pool. The campground is centrally located to the SW Alberta attractions. - L Langman
602 Dufferin Street Granum, Alberta T0L 1A0 (map) | (403) 687-3830
Sites: 37 | Latest Rate: $40.00 | 4 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
May 2015 - $40.00
Level, gravel sites in a park-like setting. Plenty of grass, trees, and a walking trail around a pretty little lake. Clean, quiet park, and grass was mowed. Friendly, helpful staff. We couldn't get WiFi or TV reception (antenna), but would stay here again. - FranM
Jun 2014 - $30.00
This is a very nice campground located on a lake near the small town of Granum. We stayed in one of the rear pull-through sites with 30 amp electric and water in the open with no trees. We did not have our cell phones or MiFi on while in Canada and could not pick up the campground Wi-Fi at our site. We were able to use our rooftop DirecTV satellite. Did not use the bathhouse or laundry. Owners were very friendly and helpful. There is a local fuel station, but be careful because they only accept debit or cash. We would stay here again if in the area. - roadking
Sep 2013 - $25.00
Park-like setting - grass and big trees; very pretty and quiet. We found gravel sites to be quite level. We are PA, so paid half rate ($12.50). We didn't realize they had 30 amp; we chose our site based on tree location for our satellite dish, which is mounted on the roof of our motorhome. So 15 amp wasn't adequate to run more than one appliance (threw the breaker a few times), but was fine for one night. Would stay here again. - mjac
249 Lyndon Road Fort Macleod, Alberta T0L 0Z0 (map) | (403) 553-2455
Sites: 130 | Latest Rate: $23.00 | 30 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Apr 2016 - $23.00
Stopped for one night. Very quiet with only a couple of other units on-site. Suspect it would be a bit crowded at busier times as the serviced sites are open and closed together. Check in was quick and friendly. Campground is a bit worn but just fine for a few days. Staff were friendly and accommodating and let is pick out site. Power, water and WiFi were good. Restrooms were clean and looked recently updated. Best access was of Hwy 3. Would stop in again. - sfw1058
Aug 2015 - $38.00
This is a park in serious need of a clean-up. There are junk or storage car/trucks everywhere. Doesn't deserve the good rating in Woodalls 2015. Nice river at back but really no way to access or sit by unless you are adventurous to climb a rocky dike. Piles of broken equipment, tables and all around junk. Electric sites are packed in like sardines. Still they allowed campfires if you paid, so the place was smoke-filled into the night. Site 46 with just 15 amps - no water or sewer, but nice shade to back into, but watch low tree branches. - FlyEasternAir
Jul 2015 - $43.00
Since there aren't a lot of options in the area as far as other campgrounds, you kind of have to make do with this place. Older park, a lot of upgrades are needed: water connections was leaking bad and creating a huge puddle in the back of the site, electric hookup was scary (closed my eyes and prayed for the best when I hooked up), sewer connection is in a chunk of concrete that is broken, therefore leaking odours...
Lots ans lots and lots of traffic, no one cares about the speed limit, and they don't enforce it... Playground is an accident waiting to happen...
But since there aren't any other campground nearby, I guess this is what you're stuck with. Staff are very helpful and friendly though.
Laundromat needs major cleanup and upgrade. - Merveilleuse
Fort Macleod, Alberta (map) | (403) 553-2592
Sites: 36 | Latest Rate: $28.00 | 14 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jun 2013 - $28.00
Campground is closed. Received this email when I enquired: Sorry but the campground has been permanently closed. Buffalo Plains - CamperEd
Aug 2012 - $28.00
Very nice people run this little park in the middle of the prairie. We were on our way west when we decided to stop at Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump and this park is close to there. Nice wide sites and everything was clean. We stayed using the Good Sam discount. - vagabond8400
Aug 2012 - $28.00
Old but clean. Separate bills for laundry, and Laundry room located Wi-Fi. Sites gravel and well spaced. Close to Head Smash Buffalo Jump which is well worth seeing. - mjtesky


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Definition of Robespierre, Maximilien de in English:
Robespierre, Maximilien de
(1758–94), French revolutionary; full name Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre. As leader of the radical Jacobins in the National Assembly, he backed the execution of Louis XVI, implemented a purge of the Girondists, and initiated the Terror. The following year, however, he fell from favor and was guillotined.
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Syllabification: Robes·pierre, Maximilien de
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- Report: #426171
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Debbie Perkins And Arizona LifeStyles Inc Dba Adobe Homes Sierra Vista, And Darrell Hiltzman # 76 11
Debbie Perkins And Arizona LifeStyles Inc Dba Adobe Homes Sierra Vista, And Darrell Hiltzman # 76 114847 S. Hwy 92 Sierra Vista, Arizona U.S.A.
Debbie Perkins And Arizona LifeStyles Inc, Adobe Homes Sierra Vista, And Darrell Hiltzman # 76 11 failed to build manufactured home and kept my deposit of $9200. Sierra Vista Arizona
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I ordered a manufactured home to be built and paid $9,200 deposit. The contract stated built by May 20, 2007. On May 31, 2007 I called the factory to find the home was not even on the schedule to be built. I canceled and requested my deposit back. Debbie Perkins refused.
I took them to court and had an arbitrator give a decision in my favor.
Perkins says that was not valid because the contract states to be decided before a panel of 3 arbitrators in Pima County. Now Perkins says that company was Darrell Hiltzman's and he is no where to be found.
The 3 person arbitrator panel will cost me another $2750. Plus $600 per hour for each arbitrator or $1800.
Benson, Arizona
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/19/2009 02:41 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Debbie-Perkins-And-Arizona-LifeStyles-Inc-Dba-Adobe-Homes-Sierra-Vista-And-Darrell-Hiltzman-76-11/Sierra-Vista-Arizona-85650/Debbie-Perkins-And-Arizona-LifeStyles-Inc-Adobe-Homes-Sierra-Vista-And-Darrell-Hiltzman-426171. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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- Report: #1045373
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: security national automotive acceptance corporation
security national automotive acceptance corporationInternet United States of America
security national automotive acceptance corporation harrasment Internet
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I recently got out of the military have a job and the money to pay my car payment. Here is the thing.
Snacc calls me, my wife, my brother and mother. Pretty much everyone that I know to demand that I give them
My bank account and routing number. When I try to pay with my credit card they hang up.
They will call every hour of day and night with no regard to you or your family. If you do not
Give them all of your bank information the will charge you a minimum of 15 dollars to pay them. In
Addition they say you can submit a payment anytime on their website yet in the small print they state
That they will keep your information to charge your account "on-demand". I will not be finding out about that one. If you are young with bad credit just don't use this company go to a credit union. Their buesness practices are horrible and even mess with and harras their customers that have and will pay on time. Don't bother to request information in your account without a lawyer either they will just tell you know and insult you. Good luck if you are dealing with them I wish you the best.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/22/2013 09:10 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/security-national-automotive-acceptance-corporation/internet/security-national-automotive-acceptance-corporation-harrasment-Internet-1045373. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Whiting USA Trust (NYSE:WHX) Model Update
The 1Q11 Quarter
How did we do? The distribution came in high to expectations due to a combination of continued higher than expected volumes and slightly higher than expected prices which more than offset rising operating costs. If you scroll down to the graphs below you can see that production declines continue to be more benign than the expected 5% per quarter. I'm not looking for earnings beats or anything of the kind here, just trying to model the yield. As such I try to model conservatively so that my distributions are a worst case scenario.
The 2011 Model
Click to enlarge
(Click to enlarge)
Some additional notes:
- See the graphs below for further details.
- Our oil and gas price deck for 2011 averages $95.25 oil and $4.36 natural gas.
- Oil production is assumed to remain at 60% of total volumes, essentially flat with 1Q11 and 2010 levels and is modeled to fall by 5% per quarter.
- We estimate operating costs in the 2Q to 4Q period will average $25 / BOE.
- We assume trust expenses move back up to $250,000 per quarter.
Click to enlarge
(Click to enlarge)
Other Yield Names I Watch [and in the case of Linn Energy (LINE) own]: A mix of MLPs and Royalty Trusts
Nutshell: My model is designed to be conservative from both price and cost standpoints and, as such, I expect the quarterly distributions to be slightly higher, with the next twelve months yield liking coming in better than I have it modeled at 14.8%. Note that the Street is currently looking for a 17% forward yield. I am aware of the fears of this one being a declining to terminal value of $0 set of assets and would point out that the near term forward yield has been sufficient to stave off large declines in the price of the trust, and, especially if bought on weakness following en masse analyst pummeling, the high distribution helps support the share price while the yield is worth the extra fees my accountant likes to threaten me with. I am currently out of the name but am looking for an opportunity in the weeks following the next distribution to get long again.
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, but may initiate a long position in WHX over the next 72 hours.