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Successful therapy of invasive aspergillosis is difficult, and the place of new drugs is evolving. Earlier studies, with fewer patients, suggest itraconazole, an oral azole, is effective for some patients.
Compassionate use data were analyzed by criteria applied previously in a multicenter trial as a reference point. The course of 125 patients was evaluated and their clinical settings and responses were categorized.
Overall, 34 (27%) had a complete response, 45 (36%) improved, 20 (16%) were unchanged, and 26 (21%) worsened. The subset receiving less than 2 weeks of itraconazole therapy had a worse outcome than the remainder of the group as did patients with sinus, central nervous system, or widely disseminated disease. Prior therapy, age, underlying disease, other sites of aspergillosis, dose, or Aspergillus species did not correlate closely with outcome. In patients who responded, a period of months was commonly required before objective improvement was documented. Patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation fared better than in previous reports.
Itraconazole is effective in many patients with aspergillosis. This large series supports earlier conclusions that response rates are similar to those reported for amphotericin B.Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1857-1862
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Arts & Life
Photos: Dallas' second annual PARK(ing) Day is green, clean and full of steam
Photo: Alexandra Olivia/Special Contributor
Dallas-based singer/songwriter George Irwin performs on the UT Arlington School of Architecture stage on Park(ing) Day Dallas on Sept. 21, 2012 in Dallas, TX. (Alexandra Olivia/ Special Contributor)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Found 214 Recipes
|Revise this Search New Search
Grilled Jalapeno Poppersby karen_from_colorado These are delicious as appetizers or include them on your beef or chic..
Authentic Tortilla Soupby Flightymom This recipe comes from Pastor Tom of Tom Brown Ministries. I've made ..
Creamy Chicken Enchiladasby squirrelwolfs From: Campbell's Kitchen
Wet Burritosby flutemom02 The sauce is spicy but can be tamed down by using a mild enchilada sau..
Pulled Chipotle Chickenby culinaryalchemist This makes alot. But it keeps well in the refrigerator. So you always ..
Smothered Enchiladasby mystic66 I had a friend from Mexico, living in California who,s Mom made this. ..
Tex-Mex Pasta Saladby jamiemarie81 I found this on the Cooking Light website and it is soooo yummy! (s..
Fajitas Borrachas (drunken)by kimkay From Born to Grill. This is our house fajita recipe. We've tried other..
Mexicali Chicken Soupby stingdragon There's nothing better than soup made with a whole chicken. This soup ..
Mexican Spread with Chipsby mcmh367 I absolutely love this spread. I do not know where i got the recipe. ..
Green Chile Casseroleby ~ll~ This is a perfect TEX-MEX dish. It is one of those casseroles that my ..
Hot Taco Dipby edenza This is a nice dip to make in either a 13x9 pan, a 8x8 pan or to make ..
Buffalo Chicken Dipby alleigh This robust creamy dip tastes like Buffalo Chicken Wings but without t..


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text: A particularly beautiful Maison d'Hote close to the river, Or room was beautifully furnished with excellent linen and towels. Noteworthy is that in our three week visit to France this place had the best towels, luxurious, soft and large - a treat it seems when in France. The toiletries provided were also more than adequate being Occitane. Our room (Penelope)... More


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Support Bloggers' Rights!
It's going to be hectic! Yes, the next few weeks are going to be crazy! Besides all the stuff I'm involved in, I'll be doing Seth Godin's altMBA over the next few weeks. It's a fantastic new program designed to teach, inspire and motivate people… Read more »
This gallery contains 5 photos.
I've always found Google to be the best search engine around, mostly because it takes me exactly where I want to go. It's this uncanny ability that drove Google to the dizzy heights in the search engine space that it enjoys today; driving other search… Read more »
Some of you may already know, but last month I quit my job at Intelligence/Webtech and struck out on my own. It's been a tremendously busy period for me, hence the lack of updates on the blog; but I'm finally starting to catch up and… Read more »
It's almost time for our Singularity University trip and both Andrew and I are getting more and more excited. I recently happened upon the blog post I had written when we had been shortlisted, all the way back in August, and ended up reminiscing on… Read more »
A couple of months ago, I noticed that that the DED in conjunction with PokerStars were running something called The Isle of Man Grand Challenge. They were looking for two inspired individuals to take up the challenge of facilitating the development of advancing technologies and… Read more »
Right, this is a post with a domestic flavour, but it has a technology backdrop, don't worry. Since moving to our new house, I've been doing a spot of cooking and messing around with our oven. It's a rather big one so I started reading… Read more »


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Latest News
MRS Fall 2015 announced
The Materials Research Society has announced its Fall 2015 meeting, for Nov 29 – Dec 4, 2015 in Boston, MA, with one symposium (Track K) for materials science, technology and devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Note the call for papers and the diverse and impressive lineup of invited speakers presenting research substantially aligned with the scope of the NCI IMAT program.
Funding opportunity for Innovative Research in Cancer Nanotechnology
The NCI is offering new grant awards (up to $450k/yr for up to 5 years; multiple receipt dates) for multidisciplinary studies proposing to expand the fundamental understanding of the processes pertinent to the use of nanotechnology in cancer research and clinical care (PAR-14-285). These Innovative Research in Cancer Nanotechnology (IRCN) awards will be an integral part of the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer program.
Best Practices in Cell Culture Workshop
The NCI Physical Sciences-Oncology Network Bioresource Core Facility (PBCF) at ATCC is holding its 5th Annual Workshop on Best Practices in Cell Culture, July 21-24, 2015, Manassas, VA. The workshop will be taught by scientists at ATCC. You are encouraged to enroll your trainees who have had limited cell culture experience for this one-of-a-kind workshop.
- Date: July 21-24, 2015
- Who should attend: Trainees with little or no prior experience in basic cell culture techniques
- Cost: No cost for the workshop (airfare, hotel and incidentals are not covered)
- Register: email Dr. Yvonne Reid at email@example.com
Please email Dr. Reid by COB (local time) Wednesday, June 3 to indicate interest.
This 4-day workshop employs an integrated approach – utilizing hand-on training to reinforce lecture material, enabling PS-ON trainees to translate cell culture techniques into applications in their own laboratories.
Topics include the following hand-on laboratory techniques:
- Best Practices in Cell Banking
- Implementing aseptic techniques
- Expanding cell cultures (suspension, adherent)
- Verifying cell line identity (STR DNA profiling, COI DNA barcoding)
- Testing for microbial contamination
- Cryopreserving and storing cells
Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. introduces IMAT-supported INLIGHT™ Glycan Tagging Kit
The INLIGHT™ glycan tagging kit developed by the David Muddiman Group in collaboration with synthetic chemist Daniel Comins at the North Carolina State University with IMAT support, represents the latest in glycan labeling technology for the relative quantification of N-linked glycans by mass spectrometry and a valuable tool in the emergent field of glycomics. The INLIGHT™ (Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags) strategy utilizes the novel hydrazide, 2-(4-phenethylphenyl)acetohydrazide, in Light (natural 12C) and Heavy (13C6) labeled forms to readily derivatize N-linked glycans for analysis by mass spectrometry.
The Cambridge Isotope Labs INLIGHT™ glycan tagging kit provides Light and Heavy hydrazide reagents and maltoheptaose with detailed instructions on the tagging reaction. The INLIGHT™ glycan tagging kit includes a detailed protocol for N-linked glycan release, purification, tagging, and LC-MS analysis of Fetuin and RNase B glycoproteins, accompanied by comprehensive data sets. In addition, the INLIGHT™ glycan tagging kit can be applied to complex N-linked glycome samples. Contact the CIL Proteomics Product Manager for a detailed protocol exemplifying the INLIGHT™ quantification of N-linked glycomes derived from plasma.
IMAT-supported investigator named finalist for Innovation of the Year at the first annual SLAS meeting
Dr. David Beebe, a professor of Bioengineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and an investigator at the Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, has been recognized at the first annual Society for Laboratory Automation & Screening (SLAS) meeting as a finalist for the Innovation of the Year Award for his breakthrough IFAST technology. His Immiscible Filtration Assisted by Surface Tension (IFAST) platform is a transformative new technology that allows researchers to isolate nucleic acids for analysis via a streamlined extraction process that eliminates all washing steps. As the SLAS meeting represents a merge of the Association for Laboratory Automation (ALA) and the Society for Biomolecular Sciences (SBS), Dr. Beebe's recognition becomes the third time an IMAT-supported investigator has been recognized for this award, and thus for pushing the boundaries of science through technology innovation (see prior news updates for past recognition of IMAT-supported investigators).
ThermoScientific to distribute IMAT-supported Iuvo™ technology in their Cellomics high-content analysis platform
The Iuvo™ platform line (available from Bellbrook Labs) are microchannel cell-based assays developed by Dr. David Beebe (with two phases of IMAT support) at the Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research. In early February 2012, Bellbrook Labs and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc announced an agreement under which Thermo Fisher will be distributing two of the Iuvo™ products for use with their Cellomics instruments. This agreement will result in broader access to the technology by the research community, and is a testament to the transformative potential of this unique innovation. Congratulations to Dr. Beebe and everyone on the Iuvo™ development team!
TransGenomic Corporation Accelerates Acquisition of IMAT Funded Technology
Transgenomic has announced that it has licensed a high-sensitivity mutation detection technology called Cold-PCR from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) in Boston.
This variation of the standard PCR technology enriches mutations in DNA samples and is a much more sensitive technique for finding low-level mutations in tissue and body fluids that are involved with a variety of diseases. Cold-PCR was invented at DFCI by Dr Mike Makrigiorgos, an multi-award IMAT grantee, who has demonstrated its effectiveness in enriching for mutations in cancer-related genes in samples where standard DNA sequencing is not sensitive enough to detect these very low concentration somatic DNA mutations. Read more about Cold-PCR technology here.
RiboMed Receives $150,000 Epigenetics Research Contract to Continue Work Funded through IMAT to Develop Better Detection Technologies for Cancer
RiboMed Biotechnologies, Inc. recently announced the receipt of a $150,000 Phase I contract from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to develop bisulfite-free, DNA methylation based diagnostic assays for prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer. "This contract allows us to continue work that we started last year with NCI funding through its Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies Program (IMAT)," said RiboMed CEO Michelle Hanna. Read the press release here.
Two Individual IMAT Investigators Leverage Technologies To Receive Prestigious NIH Director's Transformative R01 Awards
Two IMAT investigators who have developed specific technologies through the program have continued to succeed in leveraging those technologies to meet scientific needs and applications within other NIH programs. Dr. Benjamin Cravatt from the Scripps Research Institute and Dr. Shohei Koide from the Unversity of Chicago both successfully received recent Transformative-R01 awards as part of the NIH Roadmap/Common Fund focusing on high-risk, high-impact research. Read more about the NIH Common Fund and Transformative-R01 mechanism here.
Pointers for the new NIH application format
NIH has restructured the application instructions and forms beginning on January 2010. These guidelines apply to all IMAT Funding Opportunities for 2010. As described on http://enhancing-peer-review.nih.gov/page_limits.html, the one page "specific aims" section is separate from the "research strategy" (6 pages for R21s, 12 pages for R33s). For all IMAT R21's, please briefly describe the proposed quantitative milestones in the specific aims section and justify the milestone within the research strategy section. Quantitative milestones describe a technical goal for a specific aim. For example, if your technology is proposed to be more specific than the current state-of-the-science, then the quantitative milestone would reflect that goal - as well as a technical plan for developing the technology in pursuit of that milestone.
As a reminder, please keep in mind that IMAT only supports the development of a technology and does not support traditional hypothesis-based projects. Hypothesis-based projects are those whose aims are focused on answering a biological/clinical question, rather than applying science in the development of a technology.
As an additional note, if you downloaded an application package prior to January 21, 2009 - please discard that copy and download a newly updated version. The newer version should include the PHS 398 Modular Budget form.
IMAT Investigator / Technology Wins 2008 "Innovation of the Year" Award
James Landers, a professor of chemistry and mechanical engineering and an associate professor of pathology at the University of Virginia, was recently recognized with the 2008 Innovation Award from the Association for Laboratory Automation ( ALA ) for his novel Microfluidic Genetic Analysis (MGA) technology. Landers' unique device resembles a common microscope slide, but it houses the analytical tools of an entire laboratory. Vastly complex and distinct procedures take place within millimeters of one another in tiny troughs that are etched into the chip. Minute tissue or blood samples are placed into the chip and electric charge is applied to the samples—for electrophoresis—to separate out particular sections of DNA based on what type of diagnosis is needed. Once the DNA is separated, it is replicated on one portion of the chip and then pushed to yet another area to be screened for irregularities. This lab-on-a-chip technology may enable rapid detection of cancer and infectious diseases, and at a fraction of the cost of current tests.
Two IMAT Technologies Featured in 2 Separate Issues of Science
Two IMAT technologies were recently featured in the journal Science. A handheld, ultra-portable device that can recognize and immediately report on a wide variety of environmental or medical compounds may eventually be possible using a method that incorporates a mixture of biologically tagged nanowires onto integrated circuit chips, according to one article written and published in the January 2009 issue of Science by researchers at the Pennsylvania State University
In a similar feature, two-time IMAT grantee David Beebe, a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, was interviewed for his work on microfluidics in the November 2008 issue of Science. The article is entitled "Microfluidics: Bringing New Things to Life Science".
IMAT Technology Featured in Nature Nanotechnology
The work of Dr Shanna O Kelley, an international IMAT grantee from the University of Toronto, was recently featured in an article published in the journal, Nature Nanotechnology. The work focused on the development of a single designer ligand—a chimeric DNA molecule—capable of controllably programming both the growth and the biofunctionalization of nanocrystals. Development of this novel technology saves both time- and labor-intensive processes and places the use of luminescent nanocrystals as customized lumiphores within reach for many researchers.
USPTO Approves 8 new patents on IMAT technologies in 2007-2008
IMAT Program investigators successfully secured the approval of 8 additional new patents for novel technologies in calendar year 2007 through 2008 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). These newly approved patents bring the total number of patent-related IMAT technologies that cite a specific IMAT award number to approximately 110.


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How do you mean, Orimono?
The Fan Writings section, along with everything on the left, is only editable by Council members so you will be unable to directly post your own stories into that section. Instead, your story should be posted to Allyssa, or one of the other Council members, and then a decision is made whether the story is suitable to be added.
I don't believe there is anything preventing you from posting your story as a post in the forum, but most people take advantage of the readers list first to show their work to the other readers.
Hopefully this has answered your question :)


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Do you have what it takes to be a USSSA All-American and represent your region in the USSSA All American Games during the summer of 2016?
Register today to see how you stack up against the competition. All participants will be evaluated on hitting, running, throwing, fielding and/or pitching. Event results will be stored in each player's USSSA profile.
At the conclusion of all showcases in each region, 2 teams of 12 players of All Americans will be chosen from each Region per age division (9u-14u) to compete in the USSSA All American Games held at the ESPN Wide World of Sports and other local venues. Four players will be named as 'Direct Selections' for each Showcase Event per age division, which will yield a total of 12 team members selected for the 2 teams (American and National)- 6 per team, prior to the Selection Show when we will announce the other 12 team members.
Direct Selections will be named ONLY for their Home Region Showcases. Participants are still allowed to attend an event outside of their Home Region to be evaluated, but cannot be named as a Direct Selection for that Event. Their data will be transferred to their Home Region database for team selection purposes.
Participants that register online in advance will be guaranteed an "All American" shirt to wear during this event.
Proposed 2016 Schedule of Events
We are currently in the process of contacting local Directors and securing facilities for the 2016 season. Dates and locations are subject to change.
We will not be hosting any events prior to January 2016.
Regions are as follows:
Atlantic: Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
Far West: Arizona, Nevada, Southern California, Utah
Great Lakes: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia
Midwest: New Mexico, North Texas, Oklahoma, West Texas
Northeast: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia
Northwest: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Northern California, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
Southeast: Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Texas, Tennessee
About USSSA:
USSSA, headquartered in Osceola County, Florida, is the World's Largest Multi-Sport Athletic Organization. Founded in 1968, USSSA has grown to over 4 million participants, competing in 13 nationally sanctioned sports including Baseball, Fastpitch, Slow Pitch, Karate, Basketball, Soccer and more! For more information and the latest news from USSSA and to register your team visit USSSA.com.


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Loved ones from across the country traveled to Grand Junction on Saturday to visit some family members they don't often see. It was part of Hilltop Life Adjustment's annual family weekend.
The life adjustment program is for traumatically brain-injured adults in the Grand Valley. Since the adults live at Hilltop, they don't always get to see their families. That's why Saturday's fiesta-themed celebration had so much significance for both the program's adults and their loved ones.
"This is sometimes the only time they get to see their loved ones because of distance because of aging. It is huge for them to see their loved one, see how well their doing, catch up on events [and] talk to families about what's going on," Hilltop case manager Walt Brandstoettner said.
The life adjustment program has about 80 residents, and more than 250 residents and their family members attended Saturday's event. Activities included fiesta bingo, a non alcoholic tequila drinking contest and a dinner dance. It'll conclude with a brunch tomorrow.


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IMBA Trail Solutions
Posted: July 10, 2015 at 4:43:13 PM
In the mountain biking world, Marin County is known for two things: giving birth to the sport and being at the heart of a contenous fight to exclude riders from trails. Marin County Parks is working to fix this inequity, though, and with the help of... Read More / Post Comments
Posted: July 8, 2015 at 9:51:47 AM
In IMBA Trail Solutions | Flow Trail | Salt Lake City | Diamondback | NICA | National Interscholastic Cycling Association | Rush Trail
Eric Porter (Diamondback) has great trails literally in his backyard but not far down the road from his house is Corner Canyon in Draper, Utah. Trail Specialst Joey Klein has been laboring for years on the Rush Trail with the help of the City of... Read More / Post Comments
Posted: July 1, 2015 at 2:35:56 PM
In Subaru IMBA Trail Care Crews | IMBA Trail Solutions | Trek | Michigan | Midwest Region | Great Lakes Region | Great Midwest Summit | Marquette
The Mighty Land Manager Workshop What happens when you bring hundreds of mountain bike advocates, industry leaders, IMBA staff, land managers, and mountain bike legend Gary Fisher together? Great stories, awesome riding experiences, and new friends... Read More / Post Comments


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- Report: #693738
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Bidz.com
Bidz.com3562 Eastham Dr Culver City, California United States of America
Bidz.com Gold stamped 10k/14k All gold plated Fake Fake All of it Fake Culver City, California
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Three years ago, I found Bidz.com in my search for christmas gifts for family. I was amazed at the jewelry and the prices. I enjoyed the thrill of the auction and the bidding. I thought that I would wait until the first order reached me and not do too much since I was not sure of the legetimacy of the site
My first order included 1K gold diamond earrings; valued at 1100.00 according to the description of the item from Bidz.com. I took the earrings to a jeweler and was told that they were real diamonds and gold and the value of 1100.00 was correct. They also appraised some gold items with gemstones and assured me that they were real and of ok qualtiy.
The first order was the only one that I had items appraised. The confidence that I got from the quality of the first items lead me to feel to comfortable with this site and to decide that this would be a great way to make some extra money; by buying and selling the jewelry; especially at the prices vs the value listed on the items. I obtained a resale license from Bidz and the County of Sacramento CA
I became ill due to a long-term medical condition and was not able to pursue the plan to establish a booth and to sell the inventory purchased from Bidz.com which totalled 15000.00
Three years later, I was well enough to locate and set up a booth to sell the jewelry that has been stored for the three years. I opened the packages of jewelry items and began to clean the "gold" and the sterling silver; getting them ready for display.
I noticed that the gold looked off. It had turned to this dark weird kind of gold color. Once cleaned it became too shiny. I thought "Ummm" maybe I should have this looked at. I went to the jeweler that I always patronize and value his knowledge. I asked him to look at three gold rings with gemstones. He took about fifteen minutes and told me "it is all gold plated" it is worthless and don' t sell this as real gold.
I contacted Jorge Gonzalez (Suprevisor of Customer Service) and explained the plight that was before me: 15000.00 of worthless jewelry! I asked him what was the company willing to do to correct this, as I stll had many of the invoices for the purchases and credit card records for the items that I could not locate the invoices.
Mr. Gonzalez requested that I fax the invoices that I had and that they would be looking into the manner. "it is the vendors" "we will make this right" was the words he used to comfort me. I did not fax due to the cost of faxing so many pages; they were mailed out "certified mail".
I have tried to follow-up with Mr. Gonzalez and I am getting the run around. This seems to be the case for many "cheated customers" I plan to fight them all the way. I am going to look for any and all resources available. The money is an issue and the fact that they are being allowed to rip people off and not be held accountable is a travisty
Yvonne F (((REDACTED))) @yahoo.com
CLICK here to see why Rip-off Report, as a matter of policy, deleted either a phone number, link or e-mail address from this Report.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/10/2011 03:21 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Bidzcom/Culver-City-California-90232/Bidzcom-Gold-stamped-10k14k-All-gold-plated-Fake-Fake-All-of-it-Fake-Culver-City-Calif-693738. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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A T oledo police officer was injured after being assaulte d .
T he attacked happened after 9:00 pm Saturday night on Summit Street in front of the Seagate Hotel.
T he suspect responsible for the attack fled and was later captured near the Owens Corning headquarters.
The condition of the officer is not known .


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|Book Details
|Hachette India
|Publication Year
|8.5 Inches (US)
|Author Info
Partha Chatterjee, a founding member of the Subaltern Studies collective, is one of the world's major political theorists. He has been director of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, and is a professor of anthropology at Columbia University. His many books include The Politi...View More
Partha Chatterjee, a founding member of the Subaltern Studies collective, is one of the world's major political theorists. He has been director of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, and is a professor of anthropology at Columbia University. His many books include The Politics of the Governed, and its sequel, Lineages of Political Society
|Partha Chatterjee
Please Note: All products sold on Flipkart are brand new and 100% genuine
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'Top Reviews' lists the most relevant product reviews only. Show ALL instead?Expand all Reviews
May 6, 2012
The Indian Tichborne caseProf. Partha chatterjee's research oriented book is based on the startling Bhawal case, which captivated undivided Bengal for nearly two decades in the 1930s and 1940s' The book deals extensively with the legal case concerning the possible identity of the second Kumar of Bhawal, who presumably died in Darjeeling in 1909, due to an attack of biliary colic, but reappeared as a sannyasi in Dhaka after a long hiatus of eleven years.
babita chandani
Oct 25, 2011
the prince and the sanyassi is one of the most intresting books,a must read for history buffs.this book takes u back in the british raj and the content keeps u hooked on.it shows the life and times of the jagirdars and the high handedness of british administraters in handling indian issues.one of the most interesting books and a must read.
Happy Reader
Feb 9, 2012
Return of the Effin Native as an Effin Prince! Groovy and Earth Effin ShakinThis is probably the most readable book ever written by any Indian scholar since Ved Vyas and Tulsi Das! Man, I is not jokin wen I sez dis! It is an effin epic, Maan! Iz set at the end of the British Raj and in it a prince literally returns from the dead to reclaim hiz effin kingdom. But his princess wife, she sez Nope, this dude ain't my hubby. But one of he sisters, she sez Yo Eff O to the princess, coz dis here genleman, she say, he me Brudder, okay? After that, Maan, it grow into almighty Big Fight all over India, jess like de Mahabharata, only Better I say! If all dem sods teachin in In… (Expand)
Sep 6, 2014
A real treat for history buffsA real treat for people interested in history (not the boring sort that we had to put up with in school). Not much left to write for review - after the awesome one by 'Happy Reader' :)
Sanjay Sen
Jan 20, 2014
The Prince and the SannyasiExcellent read-a book that goes beyond the mere facts of what was easily the most celebrated case of its time and tries to explore a possible link to the changing socio economic and political landscape of India in the manner in which things turned out the way they did.The author's erudition is beyond doubt and makes this a treatise of Historical Sociology if one may use the phrase which elevates this book to a level far higher than what the rather innocous title suggests
Prabal Guha Biswas
Jun 6, 2012
A great bookPartha C has written a magnum opus of sorts. The titillating lifestyle of a young man from a wealthy Zamindar family is brought forth with astounding lucidity, so much so, that you will feel you are living the era the book is based on.


text:
Posted a reply to "Re-using old Blog address", on the site WordPress Support Forums:
Yes. I was actually referring to the Blog site of WordPress. I believe that I've…
4 years ago
Created a topic, Re-using old Blog address, on the site WordPress Support Forums
4 years ago
Posted a reply to "Customer care plugin for WordPress? (Tender alternative)", on the site WordPress Support Forums:
Hi. I deleted one of my blogs and later found out that any old addresses…
4 years ago


text:
- Report: #387819
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Privacy Protection Plus
Privacy Protection Plusprivacyplus.ca Internet Canada
Privacy Protection Plus Free trial never worked but started charging my credit card monthly Montreal Internet
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I have also filed a report with my credit card company to dispute these charges that I did not agree to.
The more people that make this complaint, the better the chances are that a class action suit could be raised since however they are creating these mythical memberships is surely fraudulent and certainly unethical.
Thanks for listening to my rant. Hope no one else gets burned.
London, Ontario
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/04/2008 08:56 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Privacy-Protection-Plus/internet/Privacy-Protection-Plus-Free-trial-never-worked-but-started-charging-my-credit-card-monthl-387819. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text: in wandering, a grizzly bear makes a displacement of 1599 due wesr, followed by a displacemnet of 3238 m in a direction 31.0 north of wesr. What are the magnitude and the direction of the displacemnet needed for the bear to return to its starting point? Specify the direction rlative to due east.


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I have several authors and comments are being closed on seemingly random posts. Looks like this started around mid-January as a google search of my site for "Sorry, comments are closed on this post" shows earliest instance as Jan 16.
I asked authors to enable the comments, and check the default status of the comments checkbox but they say they are enabling. I enabled on one post that was disabled, but it seems to have switched back to disabled (unchecked). Plugin conflict?
site is arsenalxxxxxxxxinsider.xcom remove the "x's"


text: Bought a new toilet and installed it. We opened the valve, the tank and the toilet bowel fill but then the water in the bowl slowly gets suctioned down into he sewer pipe. I have had 2 plumbers to my house. They say that the pipe is under water in a slab of concete and is not getting air (venting problem). I am confused because my old toilet worked.. They tell me that it is because it was a 3.6 gal per flush and it had enough pressure to create a vent. They said that the new toilets (energy saving) don't have enough pressure. The plumbers told me there is no way to fix this problem because breaking up the slab could cause my house to shift.. As you know 3.6 are outlawed.. and my old toilet is in the trash .. I need a black market toilet or a way to fix this. PLEASE HELP!!!


text:
- Report: #881570
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: ARIANA DREHSLER
ARIANA DREHSLERSan Diego, California United States of America
ARIANA DREHSLER ARIANA DREHSLER PHOTOGRAPHY COMPULSIVE LIAR, HEROIN ADDICT, CRACK ADDICT, INSANE PSYCHOPATH San Diego, California
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Watch out for this shady manipulative lying thief. She will steal your photographs and all of your camera equipment as soon as your head is turned. Keep an eye on her at all times because she will not think twice about stealing your film and work and then she will sell it as her own. She is always looking to make money to feed her heroin and crack habit and will sleep with any man she can gets her hands on. She is a conniving insane compulsive liar and do not trust this woman. She is not a Photographer, she is an insane psycho thief.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/11/2012 03:57 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/ARIANA-DREHSLER/San-Diego-California-/ARIANA-DREHSLER-ARIANA-DREHSLER-PHOTOGRAPHY-COMPULSIVE-LIAR-HEROIN-ADDICT-CRACK-ADDICT-881570. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Plasmid-Controlled Variation in the Content of Methylated Bases in Bacteriophage Lambda Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Hattman, Stanley
Journal of Virology
The N6-methyladenine (MeAde) and 5-methylcytosine (MeC) contents in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of bacteriophage lambda has been analyzed as a function of host specificity. The following facts have emerged: (i) lambda grown on strains harboring the P1 prophage contain ca. 70 more MeAde residues/DNA molecule than lambda grown either in the P1-sensitive parent, or in a P1 immune-defective lysogen which does not confer P1 modification; (ii) lambda grown on strains harboring the N-3 drug-resistance factor contain ca. 60 more MeC residues/DNA molecule than lambda grown on the parental strain lacking the factor; (iii) lambda grown in Escherichia coli B strains is devoid of MeC, whereas lambda grown in a B (N-3) host contains a high level of MeC; (iv) the MeAde content in lambda DNA is not affected by the N-3 factor. These results suggest that P1 controls an adenine-specific DNA methylase, and that the N-3 plasmid controls a cytosine-specific DNA methylase. The N-3 factor has been observed previously to direct cytosine-specific methylation of phage P22 DNA and E. coli B DNA in vivo; in vitro studies presented here demonstrate this activity.
Related Articles
Methylation dependent expression of the mom gene of bacteriophage Mu: deletions downstream from the methylation sites affect expression.
Adley, C C
Bukhari, A I
Nucleic Acids Research
The expression of the DNA modification gene (mom) of bacteriophage Mu requires the cellular deoxyadenosine methylase (dam) and a transactivation factor from the phage. By hypothesis, the transcription of mom is activated by methylation of three GATC sequences upstream from the mom gene. We have introduced small deletions at a fourth GATC site located about 140 base pairs downstream from the primary methylation region. Some of the deletions severely affect the mom gene expression. We propose from this analysis that (1) some important elements, possibly the promoter, concerned with the expression of mom are located between nucleotides 840 and 880 from the right end of Mu and (2) the mom protein starts with the codon GTG located at position 810. We favor the hypothesis that methylation turns off transcription upstream, thereby allowing the main mom promoter to function.
Related Articles
Novel non-specific DNA adenine methyltransferases
Drozdz, Marek
Piekarowicz, Andrzej
Bujnicki, Janusz M.
Radlinska, Monika
Nucleic Acids Research
The mom gene of bacteriophage Mu encodes an enzyme that converts adenine to N6-(1-acetamido)-adenine in the phage DNA and thereby protects the viral genome from cleavage by a wide variety of restriction endonucleases. Mu-like prophage sequences present in Haemophilus influenzae Rd (FluMu), Neisseria meningitidis type A strain Z2491 (Pnme1) and H. influenzae biotype aegyptius ATCC 11116 do not possess a Mom-encoding gene. Instead, at the position occupied by mom in Mu they carry an unrelated gene that encodes a protein with homology to DNA adenine N6-methyltransferases (hin1523, nma1821, hia5, respectively). Products of the hin1523, hia5 and nma1821 genes modify adenine residues to N6-methyladenine, both in vitro and in vivo. All of these enzymes catalyzed extensive DNA methylation; most notably the Hia5 protein caused the methylation of 61% of the adenines in λ DNA. Kinetic analysis of oligonucleotide methylation suggests that all adenine residues in DNA, with the possible exception of poly(A)-tracts, constitute substrates for the Hia5 and Hin1523 enzymes. Their potential 'sequence specificity' could be summarized as AB or BA (where B = C, G or T). Plasmid DNA isolated from Escherichia coli cells overexpressing these novel DNA methyltransferases was resistant to cleavage by many restriction enzymes sensitive to adenine methylation.
Related Articles
Bacteriophage Mu-induced modification of DNA is dependent upon a host function.
Khatoon, H
Bukhari, A I
Journal of Bacteriology
The DNA of bacteriophage Mu, extracted from induced lysates, is partially resistant to digestion by the endonuclease BalI. This modification of DNA is controlled by the Mu modification function (mom), which acts in conjunction with the dam (DNA-adenine methylation) function of Escherichia coli. Since the BalI recognition site is apparently different from the dam recognition site, these results imply that either the specificity of the dam function is changed by the mom function or the mom function requires the dam function for its activity.
Related Articles
Escherichia coli OxyR protein represses the unmethylated bacteriophage Mu mom operon without blocking binding of the transcriptional activator C.
Sun, W
Hattman, S
Nucleic Acids Research
Transcription of the bacteriophage Mu mom operon requires transactivation by the phage-encoded C protein. DNase I footprinting showed that in the absence of C, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase E(sigma)70 (RNAP) binds to the mom promoter (Pmom) region at a site, P2 (from -64 to -11 with respect to the transcription start site), on the top (non-transcribed) strand. This is slightly upstream from, but overlapping P1 (-49 to +16), the functional binding site for rightward transcription. Host DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferase (Dam) methylation of three GATCs immediately upstream of the C binding site is required to prevent binding of the E.coli OxyR protein, which represses mom transcription in dam- strains. OxyR, known to induce DNA bending, is normally in a reduced conformation in vivo, but is converted to an oxidized state under standard in vitro conditions. Using DNase I footprinting, we provide evidence supporting the proposal that the oxidized and reduced forms of OxyR interact differently with their target DNA sequences in vitro. A mutant form, OxyR-C199S, was shown to be able to repress mom expression in vivo in a dam- host. In vitro DNase I footprinting showed that OxyR-C199S protected Pmom from -104 to -46 on the top strand and produced a protection pattern characteristic of reduced wild-type OxyR. Prebinding of OxyR-C199S completely blocked RNAP binding to P2 (in the absence of C), whereas it only slightly decreased binding of C to its target site (-55 to -28, as defined by DNase I footprinting). In contrast, OxyR-C199S strongly inhibited C-activated recruitment of RNAP to P1. These results indicate that OxyR repression is mediated subsequent to binding by C. Mutations have been isolated that relieve the dependence on C activation and have the same transcription start site as the C-activated wild-type promoter. One such mutant, tin7, has a single base change at -14, which changes a T6 run to T3GT2. OxyR-C199S partially inhibited RNAP binding to the tin7 promoter in vitro, even though the OxyR and RNAP-P1 binding sites probably do not overlap, and in vivo expression of tin7 was reduced 5- to 10-fold in dam- cells. These results suggest that OxyR can repress tin7.
Related Articles
Escherichia coli OxyR modulation of bacteriophage Mu mom expression in dam+ cells can be attributed to its ability to bind hemimethylated Pmom promoter DNA.
Hattman, S
Sun, W
Nucleic Acids Research
Transcription of the bacteriophage Mu mom operon is strongly repressed by the host OxyR protein in dam - but not dam + cells. In this work we show that the extent of mom modification is sensitive to the relative levels of the Dam and OxyR proteins and OxyR appears to modulate the level of mom expression even in dam + cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that OxyR is capable of binding hemimethylated P mom , although its affinity is reduced slightly compared with unmethylated DNA. Thus, OxyR modulation of mom expression in dam + cells can be attributed to its ability to bind hemimethylated P mom DNA, the product of DNA replication.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and chromatin organization in Tetrahymena thermophila.
Pratt, K
Hattman, S
Molecular and Cellular Biology
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the transcriptionally active macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila is methylated at the N6 position of adenine to produce methyladenine (MeAde); approximately 1 in every 125 adenine residues (0.8 mol%) is methylated. Transcriptionally inert micronuclear DNA is not methylated (< or = 0.01 mol% MeAde; M. A. Gorovsky, S. Hattman, and G. L. Pleger, J. Cell Biol. 56:697-701, 1973). There is no detectable cytosine methylation in macronuclei in Tetrahymena DNA (< or = 0.01 mol% 5-methylcytosine). MeAde-containing DNA sequences in macronuclei are preferentially digested by both staphylococcal nuclease and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I. In contrast, there is no preferential release of MeAde during digestion of purified DNA. These results indicate that MeAde residues are predominantly located in "linker DNA" and perhaps have a function in transcription. Pulse-chase studies showed that labeled MeAde remains preferentially in linker DNA during subsequent rounds of DNA replication; i.e., there is little, if any, movement of nucleosomes during chromatin replication. This implies that nucleosomes may be phased with respect to DNA sequence.
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Methylation by a mutant T2 DNA [N6-adenine] methyltransferase expands the usage of RecA-assisted endonuclease (RARE) cleavage
Minko, Irina
Hattman, Stanley
Lloyd, R. Stephen
Kossykh, Valeri
Nucleic Acids Research
Properties of a mutant bacteriophage T2 DNA [N6-adenine] methyltransferase (T2 Dam MTase) have been investigated for its potential utilization in RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease (RARE) cleavage. Steady-state kinetic analyses with oligonucleotide duplexes revealed that, compared to wild-type T4 Dam, both wild-type T2 Dam and mutant T2 Dam P126S had a 1.5-fold higher kcat in methylating canonical GATC sites. Additionally, T2 Dam P126S showed increased efficiencies in methylation of non-canonical GAY sites relative to the wild-type enzymes. In agreement with these steady-state kinetic data, when bacteriophage λ DNA was used as a substrate, maximal protection from restriction nuclease cleavage in vitro was achieved on the sequences GATC, GATN and GACY, while protection of GACR sequences was less efficient. Collectively, our data suggest that T2 Dam P126S can modify 28 recognition sequences. The feasibility of using the mutant enzyme in RARE cleavage with BclI and EcoRV endonucleases has been shown on phage λ DNA and with BclI and DpnII endonucleases on yeast chromosomal DNA embedded in agarose.
Related Articles
Molecular cloning, sequencing, and mapping of the bacteriophage T2 dam gene.
Miner, Z
Hattman, S
Journal of Bacteriology
Bacteriophage T2 codes for a DNA-(adenine-N6)methyltransferase (Dam), which is able to methylate both cytosine- and hydroxymethylcytosine-containing DNAs to a greater extent than the corresponding methyltransferase encoded by bacteriophage T4. We have cloned and sequenced the T2 dam gene and compared it with the T4 dam gene. In the Dam coding region, there are 22 nucleotide differences, 4 of which result in three coding differences (2 are in the same codon). Two of the amino acid alterations are located in a region of homology that is shared by T2 and T4 Dam, Escherichia coli Dam, and the modification enzyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae, all of which methylate the sequence 5' GATC 3'. The T2 dam and T4 dam promoters are not identical and appear to have slightly different efficiencies; when fused to the E. coli lacZ gene, the T4 promoter produces about twofold more beta-galactosidase activity than does the T2 promoter. In our first attempt to isolate T2 dam, a truncated gene was cloned on a 1.67-kilobase XbaI fragment. This construct produces a chimeric protein composed of the first 163 amino acids of T2 Dam followed by 83 amino acids coded by the pUC18 vector. Surprisingly, the chimera has Dam activity, but only on cytosine-containing DNA. Genetic and physical analyses place the T2 dam gene at the same respective map location as the T4 dam gene. However, relative to T4, T2 contains an insertion of 536 base pairs 5' to the dam gene. Southern blot hybridization and computer analysis failed to reveal any homology between this insert and either T4 or E. coli DNA.
Related Articles
Divergent Evolution of CHD3 Proteins Resulted in MOM1 Refining Epigenetic Control in Vascular Plants
Čaikovski, Marian
Yokthongwattana, Chotika
Habu, Yoshiki
Nishimura, Taisuke
Mathieu, Olivier
Paszkowski, Jerzy
PLoS Genetics
Arabidopsis MOM1 is required for the heritable maintenance of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Unlike many other silencing factors, depletion of MOM1 evokes transcription at selected loci without major changes in DNA methylation or histone modification. These loci retain unusual, bivalent chromatin properties, intermediate to both euchromatin and heterochromatin. The structure of MOM1 previously suggested an integral nuclear membrane protein with chromatin-remodeling and actin-binding activities. Unexpected results presented here challenge these presumed MOM1 activities and demonstrate that less than 13% of MOM1 sequence is necessary and sufficient for TGS maintenance. This active sequence encompasses a novel Conserved MOM1 Motif 2 (CMM2). The high conservation suggests that CMM2 has been the subject of strong evolutionary pressure. The replacement of Arabidopsis CMM2 by a poplar motif reveals its functional conservation. Interspecies comparison suggests that MOM1 proteins emerged at the origin of vascular plants through neo-functionalization of the ubiquitous eukaryotic CHD3 chromatin remodeling factors. Interestingly, despite the divergent evolution of CHD3 and MOM1, we observed functional cooperation in epigenetic control involving unrelated protein motifs and thus probably diverse mechanisms.
Author Summary
Epigenetic regulation of transcription usually involves changes in histone modifications, as well as DNA methylation changes in plants and mammals. Previously, we found an exceptional epigenetic regulator in Arabidopsis, MOM1, acting independently of these epigenetic marks. Interestingly, MOM1 controls loci associated with bivalent chromatin marks, intermediate to active euchromatin and silent heterochromatin. Such bivalent marks are often associated with newly inserted and/or potentially active transposons, silent transgenes, and certain chromosomal loci. Notably, bivalent chromatin seems to be characteristic for embryonic stem cells, where such loci change their activity and determination of epigenetic marks during cell differentiation. Here, we provide evidence that in vascular plants, the MOM1-like proteins evolved from the ubiquitous eukaryotic chromatin remodeling factor CHD3. The domains necessary for CHD3 function degenerated in MOM1, became dispensable for its gene silencing activity, and were replaced by a novel, unrelated domain providing silencing function. Therefore, MOM1-like proteins use a different silencing mechanism compared to the ancestral CHD3s. In spite of this divergent evolution, CHD3 and MOM1 seem to retain a functional cooperation in control of transcriptionally silent loci. Our results provide an unprecedented example of an evolutionary path for epigenetic components resulting in increased complexity of an epigenetic regulatory network characteristic for multicellular eukaryotes.
Related Articles
Single amino acid changes that alter the DNA sequence specificity of the DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferase (Dam) of bacteriophage T4.
Miner, Z
Schlagman, S L
Hattman, S
Nucleic Acids Research
Bacteriophage T4 codes for a DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferase (Dam) which recognizes primarily the sequence GATC in both cytosine- and hydroxymethylcytosine-containing DNA. Hypermethylating mutants, damh, exhibit a relaxation in sequence specificity, that is, they are readily able to methylate non-canonical sites. We have determined that the damh mutation produces a single amino acid change (Pro126 to Ser126) in a region of homology (III) shared by three DNA-adenine methyltransferases; viz, T4 Dam, Escherichia coli Dam, and the DpnII modification enzyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We also describe another mutant, damc, which methylates GATC in cytosine-containing DNA, but not in hydroxymethylcytosine-containing DNA. This mutation also alters a single amino acid (Phe127 to Val127). These results implicate homology region III as a domain involved in DNA sequence recognition. The effect of several different amino acids at residue 126 was examined by creating a polypeptide chain terminating codon at that position and comparing the methylation capability of partially purified enzymes produced in the presence of various suppressors. No enzyme activity is detected when phenylalanine, glutamic acid, or histidine is inserted at position 126. However, insertion of alanine, cysteine, or glycine at residue 126 produces enzymatic activity similar to Damh.
Related Articles
Identification of Mom12 and Mom13, two novel modifier loci of ApcMin-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis
Crist, Richard C
Roth, Jacquelyn J
Lisanti, Michael P
Siracusa, Linda D
Buchberg, Arthur M
Cell Cycle
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The C57BL/6J (B6) ApcMin/+ mouse develops polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract and has been a valuable model for understanding the genetic basis of intestinal tumorigenesis. ApcMin/+ mice have been used to study known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes on a controlled genetic background. These studies often utilize congenic knockout alleles, which can carry an unknown amount of residual donor DNA. The ApcMin model has also been used to identify modifer loci, known as Modifier of Min (Mom) loci, which alter ApcMin-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis. B6 mice carrying a knockout allele generated in WW6 embryonic stem cells were crossed to B6 ApcMin/+ mice to determine the effect on polyp multiplicity. The newly generated colony developed significantly more intestinal polyps than ApcMin/+ controls. Polyp multiplicity did not correlate with inheritance of the knockout allele, suggesting the presence of one or more modifier loci segregating in the colony. Genotyping of simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers revealed residual 129X1/SvJ genomic DNA within the congenic region of the parental knockout line. An analysis of polyp multiplicity data and SSLP genotyping indicated the presence of two Mom loci in the colony: (1) Mom12, a dominant modifier linked to the congenic region on chromosome 6 and (2) Mom13, which is unlinked to the congenic region and whose effect is masked by Mom12. The identification of Mom12 and Mom13 demonstrates the potential problems resulting from residual heterozygosity present in congenic lines.
adenomatous polyposis coli; modifier of min; congenic mice; caveolin-1; cancer susceptibility
Related Articles
DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) controls the expression of the cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) gene of Aeromonas hydrophila via tRNA modifying enzyme-glucose-inhibited division protein (GidA)
Erova, Tatiana E.
Kosykh, Valeri G.
Sha, Jian
Chopra, Ashok K.
Aeromonas hydrophila is both a human and animal pathogen, and the cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act) is a crucial virulence factor of this bacterium because of its associated hemolytic, cytotoxic, and enterotoxic activities. Previously, to define the role of some regulatory genes in modulating Act production, we showed that deletion of a glucose-inhibited division gene (gidA) encoding tRNA methylase reduced Act levels, while overproduction of DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) led to a concomitant increase in Act-associated biological activities of a diarrheal isolate SSU of A. hydrophila. Importantly, there are multiple GATC binding sites for Dam within an upstream sequence of the gidA gene and one such target site in the act gene upstream region. We showed the dam gene to be essential for the viability of A. hydrophila SSU, and, therefore, to better understand the interaction of the encoding genes, Dam and GidA, in act gene regulation, we constructed a gidA in-frame deletion mutant of Escherichia coli GM28 (dam+) and GM33 (Δdam) strains. We then tested the expressional activity of the act and gidA genes by using a promoterless pGlow-TOPO vector containing a reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP). Our data indicated that in GidA+ strains of E. coli, constitutive methylation of the GATC site(s) by Dam negatively regulated act and gidA gene expression as measured by GFP production. However, in the ΔgidA strains, irrespective of the presence or absence of constitutively active Dam, we did not observe any alteration in the expression of the act gene signifying the role of GidA in positively regulating Act production. To determine the exact mechanism of how Dam and GidA influence Act, a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was performed. The analysis indicated an increase in gidA and act gene expression in the A. hydrophila Dam-overproducing strain, and these data matched with Act production in the E. coli GM28 strain. Thus, the extent of DNA methylation caused by constitutive versus overproduction of Dam, as well as possible conformation of DNA influence the expression of act and gidA genes in A. hydrophila SSU. Our results indicate that the act gene is under the control of both Dam and GidA modification methylases, and Dam regulates Act production via GidA.
GATC Dam target sites; Promoter activity; tRNA uridine 5 carboxymethylaminomethyl; modification enzyme
Related Articles
Prediction of novel families of enzymes involved in oxidative and other complex modifications of bases in nucleic acids
Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
Tahiliani, Mamta
Rao, Anjana
Aravind, L.
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
Modified bases in nucleic acids present a layer of information that directs biological function over and beyond the coding capacity of the conventional bases. While a large number of modified bases have been identified, many of the enzymes generating them still remain to be discovered. Recently, members of the 2-oxoglutarate- and iron(II)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, which modify diverse substrates from small molecules to biopolymers, were predicted and subsequently confirmed to catalyze oxidative modification of bases in nucleic acids. Of these, two distinct families, namely the AlkB and the kinetoplastid base J binding proteins (JBP) catalyze in situ hydroxylation of bases in nucleic acids. Using sensitive computational analysis of sequences, structures and contextual information from genomic structure and protein domain architectures, we report five distinct families of 2-oxoglutarate- and iron(II)-dependent dioxygenase that we predict to be involved in nucleic acid modifications. Among the DNA-modifying families, we show that the dioxygenase domains of the kinetoplastid base J-binding proteins belong to a larger family that includes the Tet proteins, prototyped by the human oncogene Tet1, and proteins from basidiomycete fungi, chlorophyte algae, heterolobosean amoeboflagellates and bacteriophages. We present evidence that some of these proteins are likely to be involved in oxidative modification of the 5-methyl group of cytosine leading to the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine. The Tet/JBP homologs from basidiomycete fungi such as Laccaria and Coprinopsis show large lineage-specific expansions and a tight linkage with genes encoding a novel and distinct family of predicted transposases, and a member of the Maelstrom-like HMG family. We propose that these fungal members are part of a mobile transposon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a eukaryotic transposable element that encodes its own DNA-modification enzyme with a potential regulatory role. Through a wider analysis of other poorly characterized DNA-modifying enzymes we also show that the phage Mu Mom-like proteins, which catalyze the N6-carbamoylmethylation of adenines, are also linked to diverse families of bacterial transposases, suggesting that DNA modification by transposable elements might have a more general presence than previously appreciated. Among the other families of 2-oxoglutarate- and iron(II)-dependent dioxygenases identified in this study, one which is found in algae, is predicted to mainly comprise of RNA-modifying enzymes and shows a striking diversity in protein domain architectures suggesting the presence of RNA modifications with possibly unique adaptive roles. The results presented here are likely to provide the means for future investigation of unexpected epigenetic modifications, such as hydroxymethyl cytosine, that could profoundly impact our understanding of gene regulation and processes such as DNA demethylation.
DNA methylation; dioxygenases; mom; transposons; bacteriophage; AlkB; hydroxymethylcytosine; demethylation; algae; RNA modification; CXXC domain
Related Articles
DNA Adenine Methyltransferase Influences the Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila
Erova, Tatiana E.
Pillai, Lakshmi
Fadl, Amin A.
Sha, Jian
Wang, Shaofei
Galindo, Cristi L.
Chopra, Ashok K.
Infection and Immunity
Among the various virulence factors produced by Aeromonas hydrophila, a type II secretion system (T2SS)-secreted cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act) and the T3SS are crucial in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas-associated infections. Our laboratory molecularly characterized both Act and the T3SS from a diarrheal isolate, SSU of A. hydrophila, and defined the role of some regulatory genes in modulating the biological effects of Act. In this study, we cloned, sequenced, and expressed the DNA adenine methyltransferase gene of A. hydrophila SSU (damAhSSU) in a T7 promoter-based vector system using Escherichia coli ER2566 as a host strain, which could alter the virulence potential of A. hydrophila. Recombinant Dam, designated as M.AhySSUDam, was produced as a histidine-tagged fusion protein and purified from an E. coli cell lysate using nickel affinity chromatography. The purified Dam had methyltransferase activity, based on its ability to transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine to N6-methyladenine-free lambda DNA and to protect methylated lambda DNA from digestion with DpnII but not against the DpnI restriction enzyme. The dam gene was essential for the viability of the bacterium, and overproduction of Dam in A. hydrophila SSU, using an arabinose-inducible, PBAD promoter-based system, reduced the virulence of this pathogen. Specifically, overproduction of M.AhySSUDam decreased the motility of the bacterium by 58%. Likewise, the T3SS-associated cytotoxicity, as measured by the release of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in murine macrophages infected with the Dam-overproducing strain, was diminished by 55% compared to that of a control A. hydrophila SSU strain harboring the pBAD vector alone. On the contrary, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities associated with Act as well as the protease activity in the culture supernatant of a Dam-overproducing strain were increased by 10-, 3-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to those of the control A. hydrophila SSU strain. The Dam-overproducing strain was not lethal to mice (100% survival) when given by the intraperitoneal route at a dose twice that of the 50% lethal dose, which within 2 to 3 days killed 100% of the animals inoculated with the A. hydrophila control strain. Taken together, our data indicated alteration of A. hydrophila virulence by overproduction of Dam.
Related Articles
Expression of Escherichia coli dam gene in Bacillus subtilis provokes DNA damage response: N6-methyladenine is removed by two repair pathways.
Guha, S
Guschlbauer, W
Nucleic Acids Research
The dam gene of Escherichia coli encodes a DNA methyltransferase that methylates the N6 position of adenine in the sequence GATC. It was stably expressed from a shuttle vector in a repair- and recombination-proficient strain of Bacillus subtilis. In this strain the majority of plasmid DNA molecules was modified at dam sites whereas most chromosomal DNA remained unmethylated during exponential growth. During stationary phase the amount of unmethylated DNA increased, suggesting that methylated bases were being removed. An ultraviolet damage repair-deficient mutant (uvrB) contained highly methylated chromosomal and plasmid DNA. High levels of Dam methylation were detrimental to growth and viability of this mutant strain and some features of the SOS response were also induced. A mutant defective in the synthesis of adaptive DNA alkyltransferases and induction of the adaptive response (ada) also showed high methylation and properties similar to that of the dam gene expressing uvrB strain. When protein extracts from B. subtilis expressing the Dam methyltransferase or treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine were incubated with [3H]-labelled Dam methylated DNA, the methyl label was bound to two proteins of 14 and 9 kD. Some free N6-methyladenine was also detected in the supernatant of the incubation mixture. We propose that N6-methyladenine residues are excised by proteins involved in both excision (uvrB) and the adaptive response (ada) DNA repair pathways in B. subtilis.
Related Articles
Genome of Enterobacteriophage Lula/phi80 and Insights into Its Ability To Spread in the Laboratory Environment
Rotman, Ella
Kouzminova, Elena
Plunkett, Guy
Kuzminov, Andrei
Journal of Bacteriology
The novel temperate bacteriophage Lula, contaminating laboratory Escherichia coli strains, turned out to be the well-known lambdoid phage phi80. Our previous studies revealed that two characteristics of Lula/phi80 facilitate its spread in the laboratory environment: cryptic lysogen productivity and stealthy infectivity. To understand the genetics/genomics behind these traits, we sequenced and annotated the Lula/phi80 genome, encountering an E. coli-toxic gene revealed as a gap in the sequencing contig and analyzing a few genes in more detail. Lula/phi80's genome layout copies that of lambda, yet homology with other lambdoid phages is mostly limited to the capsid genes. Lula/phi80's DNA is resistant to cutting with several restriction enzymes, suggesting DNA modification, but deletion of the phage's damL gene, coding for DNA adenine methylase, did not make DNA cuttable. The damL mutation of Lula/phi80 also did not change the phage titer in lysogen cultures, whereas the host dam mutation did increase it almost 100-fold. Since the high phage titer in cultures of Lula/phi80 lysogens is apparently in response to endogenous DNA damage, we deleted the only Lula/phi80 SOS-controlled gene, dinL. We found that dinL mutant lysogens release fewer phage in response to endogenous DNA damage but are unchanged in their response to external DNA damage. The toxic gene of Lula/phi80, gamL, encodes an inhibitor of the host ATP-dependent exonucleases, RecBCD and SbcCD. Its own antidote, agt, apparently encoding a modifier protein, was found nearby. Interestingly, Lula/phi80 lysogens are recD and sbcCD phenocopies, so GamL and Agt are part of lysogenic conversion.
Related Articles
The bacteriophage T2 and T4 DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferase (Dam) sequence specificities are not identical.
Schlagman, S L
Hattman, S
Nucleic Acids Research
Bacteriophages T2 and T4 encode DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferases (Dam) which differ from each other by only three amino acids. The canonical recognition sequence for these enzymes in both cytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-containing DNA is GATC; at a lower efficiency they also recognize some non-canonical sites in sequences derived from GAY (where Y is cytosine or thymine). We found that T4 Dam fails to methylate certain GATA and GATT sequences which are methylated by T2 Dam. This indicates that T2 Dam and T4 Dam do not have identical sequence specificities. We analyzed DNA sequence data files obtained from GenBank, containing about 30% of the T4 genome, to estimate the overall frequency of occurrence of GATC, as well as non-canonical sites derived from GAY. The observed N6methyladenine (m6A) content of T4 DNA, methylated exclusively at GATC (by Escherichia coli Dam), was found to be in good agreement with this estimate. Although GATC is fully methylated in virion DNA, only a small percentage of the non-canonical sequences are methylated.
Related Articles
Silencing of toxic gene expression by Fis
Karambelkar, Shweta
Swapna, Ganduri
Nagaraja, Valakunja
Nucleic Acids Research
Bacteria and bacteriophages have evolved DNA modification as a strategy to protect their genomes. Mom protein of bacteriophage Mu modifies the phage DNA, rendering it refractile to numerous restriction enzymes and in turn enabling the phage to successfully invade a variety of hosts. A strong fortification, a combined activity of the phage and host factors, prevents untimely expression of mom and associated toxic effects. Here, we identify the bacterial chromatin architectural protein Fis as an additional player in this crowded regulatory cascade. Both in vivo and in vitro studies described here indicate that Fis acts as a transcriptional repressor of mom promoter. Further, our data shows that Fis mediates its repressive effect by denying access to RNA polymerase at mom promoter. We propose that a combined repressive effect of Fis and previously characterized negative regulatory factors could be responsible to keep the gene silenced most of the time. We thus present a new facet of Fis function in Mu biology. In addition to bringing about overall downregulation of Mu genome, it also ensures silencing of the advantageous but potentially lethal mom gene.
Related Articles
Adenine methylation may contribute to endosymbiont selection in a clonal aphid population
Reingold, Victoria
Luria, Neta
Robichon, Alain
Dombrovsky, Aviv
BMC Genomics
The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has two modes of reproduction: parthenogenetic during the spring and summer and sexual in autumn. This ability to alternate between reproductive modes and the emergence of clonal populations under favorable conditions make this organism an interesting model for genetic and epigenetic studies. The pea aphid hosts different types of endosymbiotic bacteria within bacteriocytes which help the aphids survive and adapt to new environmental conditions and habitats. The obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola has a drastically reduced and stable genome, whereas facultative endosymbionts such as Regiella insecticola have large and dynamic genomes due to phages, mobile elements and high levels of genetic recombination. In previous work, selection toward cold adaptation resulted in the appearance of parthenogenetic A. pisum individuals characterized by heavier weights and remarkable green pigmentation.
Six adenine-methylated DNA fragments were isolated from genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from the cold-induced green variant of A. pisum using deoxyadenosine methylase (Dam) by digesting the gDNA with the restriction enzymes DpnI and DpnII, which recognize the methylated and unmethylated GATC sites, respectively. The six resultant fragments did not match any sequence in the A. pisum or Buchnera genomes, implying that they came from facultative endosymbionts. The A1 fragment encoding a putative transposase and the A6 fragment encoding a putative helicase were selected for further comparison between the two A. pisum variants (green and orange) based on Dam analysis followed by PCR amplification. An association between adenine methylation and the two A. pisum variants was demonstrated by higher adenine methylation levels on both genes in the green variant as compared to the orange one.
Temperature selection may affect the secondary endosymbiont and the sensitive Dam involved in the survival and adaptation of aphids to cold temperatures. There is a high degree of adenine methylation at the GATC sites of the endosymbiont genes at 8°C, an effect that disappears at 22°C. We suggest that endosymbionts can be modified or selected to increase host fitness under unfavorable climatic conditions, and that the phenotype of the newly adapted aphids can be inherited.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-999) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Acyrthosiphon pisum; Bacteriocyte; Facultative/secondary bacterium; Epigenetic; Deoxyadenosine methylase (Dam)
Related Articles
Computational identification of novel biochemical systems involved in oxidation, glycosylation and other complex modifications of bases in DNA
Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
Zhang, Dapeng
Maxwell Burroughs, A.
Aravind, L.
Nucleic Acids Research
Discovery of the TET/JBP family of dioxygenases that modify bases in DNA has sparked considerable interest in novel DNA base modifications and their biological roles. Using sensitive sequence and structure analyses combined with contextual information from comparative genomics, we computationally characterize over 12 novel biochemical systems for DNA modifications. We predict previously unidentified enzymes, such as the kinetoplastid J-base generating glycosyltransferase (and its homolog GREB1), the catalytic specificity of bacteriophage TET/JBP proteins and their role in complex DNA base modifications. We also predict the enzymes involved in synthesis of hypermodified bases such as alpha-glutamylthymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine that have remained enigmatic for several decades. Moreover, the current analysis suggests that bacteriophages and certain nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses contain an unexpectedly diverse range of DNA modification systems, in addition to those using previously characterized enzymes such as Dam, Dcm, TET/JBP, pyrimidine hydroxymethylases, Mom and glycosyltransferases. These include enzymes generating modified bases such as deazaguanines related to queuine and archaeosine, pyrimidines comparable with lysidine, those derived using modified S-adenosyl methionine derivatives and those using TET/JBP-generated hydroxymethyl pyrimidines as biosynthetic starting points. We present evidence that some of these modification systems are also widely dispersed across prokaryotes and certain eukaryotes such as basidiomycetes, chlorophyte and stramenopile alga, where they could serve as novel epigenetic marks for regulation or discrimination of self from non-self DNA. Our study extends the role of the PUA-like fold domains in recognition of modified nucleic acids and predicts versions of the ASCH and EVE domains to be novel 'readers' of modified bases in DNA. These results open opportunities for the investigation of the biology of these systems and their use in biotechnology.
Related Articles
The Neisseria gonorrhoeae S.NgoVIII restriction/modification system: a type IIs system homologous to the Haemophilus parahaemolyticus HphI restriction/modification system.
Gunn, J S
Stein, D C
Nucleic Acids Research
Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae possess numerous restriction-modification (R-M) systems. One of these systems, which has been found in all strains tested, encodes the S. NgoVIII specificity (5'TCACC 3') R-M system. We cloned two adjacent methyltransferase genes (dcmH and damH), each encoding proteins whose actions protect DNA from digestion by R.HphI or R.Ngo BI (5'TCACC 3'). The damH gene product is a N 6-methyladenine methyltransferase that recognizes this sequence. We constructed a plasmid containing multiple copies of the S.NgoVIII sequence, grew it in the presence of damH and used the HPLC to demonstrate the presence of N 6-methyladenine in the DNA. A second plasmid, containing overlapping damH and Escherichia coli dam recognition sequences in combination with various restriction digests, was used to identify which adenine in the recognition sequence was modified by damH. The predicted dcmH gene product is homologous to 5-methylcytosine methyltransferases. The products of both the dcmH and damH genes, as well as an open reading frame downstream of the damH gene are highly similar to the Haemophilus parahaemolyticus hphIMC , hphIMA and hphIR gene products, encoding the Hph I Type IIs R-M system. The S.NgoVIII R-M genes are flanked by a 97 bp direct repeat that may be involved in the mobility of this R-M system.
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DNA Adenine Methylation Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium▿
Balbontín, Roberto
Rowley, Gary
Pucciarelli, M. Graciela
López-Garrido, Javier
Wormstone, Yvette
Lucchini, Sacha
García-del Portillo, Francisco
Hinton, Jay C. D.
Casadesús, Josep
Journal of Bacteriology
Transcriptomic analyses during growth in Luria-Bertani medium were performed in strain SL1344 of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and in two isogenic derivatives lacking Dam methylase. More genes were repressed than were activated by Dam methylation (139 versus 37). Key genes that were differentially regulated by Dam methylation were verified independently. The largest classes of Dam-repressed genes included genes belonging to the SOS regulon, as previously described in Escherichia coli, and genes of the SOS-inducible Salmonella prophages ST64B, Gifsy-1, and Fels-2. Dam-dependent virulence-related genes were also identified. Invasion genes in pathogenicity island SPI-1 were activated by Dam methylation, while the fimbrial operon std was repressed by Dam methylation. Certain flagellar genes were repressed by Dam methylation, and Dam− mutants of S. enterica showed reduced motility. Altered expression patterns in the absence of Dam methylation were also found for the chemotaxis genes cheR (repressed by Dam) and STM3216 (activated by Dam) and for the Braun lipoprotein gene, lppB (activated by Dam). The requirement for DNA adenine methylation in the regulation of specific virulence genes suggests that certain defects of Salmonella Dam− mutants in the mouse model may be caused by altered patterns of gene expression.
Related Articles
Interaction of the phage T4 Dam DNA-[N6-adenine] methyltransferase with oligonucleotides containing native or modified (defective) recognition sites.
Malygin, E G
Petrov, N A
Gorbunov, Y A
Kossykh, V G
Hattman, S
Nucleic Acids Research
The DNA-[N 6-adenine]-methyltransferase (Dam MTase) of phage T4 catalyzes methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to the N6-position of adenine in the palindromic sequence, GATC. We have used a gel shift assay to monitor complex formation between T4 Dam and various synthetic duplex oligonucleotides, either native or modified/defective. The results are summarized as follows. (i) T4 Dam bound with approximately 100-fold higher affinity to a 20mer specific (GATC-containing) duplex containing the canonical palindromic methylation sequence, GATC, than to a non-specific duplex containing another palindrome, GTAC. (ii) Compared with the unmethylated duplex, the hemimethylated 20mer specific duplex had a slightly increased ( approximately 2-fold) ability to form complexes with T4 Dam. (iii) No stable complex was formed with a synthetic 12mer specific (GATC-containing) duplex, although T4 Dam can methylate it. This indicates that there is no relation between formation of a catalytically competent 12mer-Dam complex and one stable to gel electrophoresis. (iv) Formation of a stable complex did not require that both strands be contiguous or completely complementary. Absence of a single internucleotide phosphate strongly reduced complex formation only when missing between the T and C residues. This suggests that if T4 Dam makes critical contact(s) with a backbone phosphate(s), then the one between T and C is the only likely candidate. Having only one half of the recognition site intact on one strand was sufficient for stable complex formation provided that the 5'G.C base-pairs be present at both ends of the palindromic, GATC. Since absence of either a G or C abolished T4 Dam binding, we conclude that both strands are recognized by T4 Dam.
Related Articles
Identification and sequence analysis of a methylase gene in Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Banas, J A
Ferretti, J J
Progulske-Fox, A
Nucleic Acids Research
A gene from the periodontal organism Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as encoding a DNA methylase. The gene, referred to as pgiIM, has been sequenced and found to contain a reading frame of 864 basepairs. The putative amino acid sequence of the encoded methylase was 288 amino acids, and shared 47% and 31% homology with the Streptococcus pneumoniae DpnII and E. coli Dam methylases, respectively. The activity and specificity of the pgi methylase (M.PgiI) was confirmed by cloning the gene into a dam- strain of E. coli (JM110) and performing a restriction analysis on the isolated DNA with enzymes whose activities depended upon the methylation state of the DNA. The data indicated that M.PgiI, like DpnII and Dam, methylated the adenine residue within the sequence 5'-GATC-3'.
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text:
"I want to keep fighting because it is the only thing that keeps me out of the hamburger joints. If I don't fight, I'll eat this planet."
Related quotes
"He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you."


text:
First of all thanks for sharing your work.
Now, I am having a problem.
When I type http://www.mywebsite.com?drawHeatMap=true and hit enter, my site URL becomes http://www.mywebsite.com/?drawHeatMap=true and I don't see the heatmap.
Any idea why this is happening?
My site URL is: http://www.shahriarnk.com
I believe my theme supports HTML5 because below is what I see in 'page source':
<!DOCTYPE html>


text:
Author has written 9 stories for Vocaloid, Oh My Goddess!, RWBY, and Touhou Project.
I uploaded quite a few stories and 100-word drabbles to FanFiction.net from 2002 to 2004, using the nickname of "MrWhat." I removed all of my older stories in January 2005, for various reasons that don't really matter anymore. I'll try to republish the old stuff on AO3 one of these days.
I haven't been writing much lately, but I'm hoping to publish at least a few more things shortly.


text:
Today's buyers, regardless of the geographical area, are informed, intelligent, and expect to find value with their purchase of a home today.
Upon entering a home, buye ... more
If your plan is to be moved in by the end of May, I would suggest haveing an accepted offer Mid-March through Mid-April. Of course, every home seller has a different scenerio ... more
If you are not married then you can purchase the home and the credit can go on your individual tax returns. Please check with a tax advisor for a true picture of what you ... more
I wish I had a dollar every time this situation and question appeared on trulia! It seems to be a common occurance that pops up frequently.
First, you are not obligated to ... more
Here is a link to all of the answers you will need. Have you found the home yet? If not, let me know how I can help.
http://www.federalhousingtaxcredit.com/2009/fa ... more
You will hear various opinions of what has been "hard" for this market. In comparison to what the media has put out there nationally, Madison has faired well. ... more
It will compare that property to others that must be similar in Sq Ft, bedrooms, bathrooms, ... more
That depends on how the contract is written, and what kind of agreement you come to. If nothing is mentioned about closing costs, then yes each party pays their own closing cos ... more
The very simplified answer is, you require a certain percentage down payment, wri ... more


text:
Everything you need to know about the men's tennis final
Everything you need to know about the men's tennis final
Everything you need to know about the men's tennis final
Rafael Nadal's competitive season will end some time in the next 48 hours but he will not be digging out his fishing rods or heading for the beach or the golf course. "I don't deserve a vacation this year," Nadal said with a smile here yesterday at the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals.
The handiwork might have helped the Scot's vision, but it could not prevent a 6-4, 6-1 defeat which leaves him with work to do if he is to go through to Saturday's semi-finals
A look at this week's ATP World Tour Finals in London
One player complained of 'uncontrollable' coughing
Wawrinka will head into his first ever Grand Slam final against a man he has never won a set against
Sampras feels the two shouldn't be compared as to who's better and should instead be enjoyed while they are still playing following their semi-final clash on Friday
The Swiss was beaten in straight sets in his semi-final meeting with Nadal
The Spaniard won despite a large blister causing him pain throughout and will now play the new Swiss number one Stanislas Wawrinka in Sunday's final
Andy Murray could also rank the achievement among his greatest triumphs due to the difficult draw
The former world number one has looked in ominous form in Melbourne
World Number One progressed 7-6 (7-3) 7-5 7-6 (7-3) over the Japanese to move into the last eight
On his day, he can be as cultured on court as he is off it so Briton needs to beware
Nadal saw off another Australian in Bernard Tomic in the first round and added his second victim Down Under in Kokkinakis with a 6-2 6-4 6-2 victory
The Australian youngster was a set down at the time
The German has been drafted in as coach
The British number one gets underway in Melbourne on Tuesday


text:
Denali: A Wild Classroom
Wildlife, wild lands, even sled dog puppies - Denali holds adventure for your students, whether you're able to visit in person or not. Find lesson plans, kids camp info, plan your field trip and more as you use Denali as your classroom. Look to the park for your own professional development needs. And consider scheduling a distance learning session with us.
Bring Denali to Your Classroom
Can't bring your students to Denali? Connect your class from afar with a ranger in Denali to explore a variety of topics.Read More
Denali Rocks!
Let your class explore the highest point in North America with our geology curriculum.Read More
Your Connection to Science in North Alaska Parks
Located in Denali, the Murie Science and Learning Center brings researchers, educators and the public together to explore science!Read More
Need Some Scenic Inspiration?
Dive into our suite of panoramic images to help your class understand and appreciate the landscape of Denali.Read More


text:
'Are you swimming yet?'
Woman allegedly slashed waterbed, tried to run over ex-boyfriend.
Published: Tuesday, November 9, 2010 at 11:00 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, November 9, 2010 at 11:08 a.m.
HOUMA — A 41-year-old Gibson woman was arrested Sunday, two days after she allegedly forced her way into her wheelchair-bound ex-boyfriend's trailer, threatening him and slashing his waterbed, which flooded his bedroom. She returned later and tried to run him over with a car, police said.
Curley Calloway said his ex-girlfriend, Connie Matthews, 4728 N. Bayou Black Drive, Gibson forcibly entered his home Friday and tried to intimidate him and his children.
"She traumatized me," Calloway said.
Matthews is charged with two counts of home invasion and one count each of telephone harassment and aggravated assault, according to Maj. Malcolm Wolfe of the Terrebonne Sheriff's Office. She has since been released from the Terrebonne jail on a $1,000 bond.
Calloway, who lives at 103 Edgewood Blvd., Houma, said he and Matthews broke up in June. Calloway has been in a wheelchair since 1998 as a result of a gunshot wound.
Matthews forced her way into Calloway's mobile home, where he lives with his two children, twice on Friday, deputies said. The first time, she slashed his king-size waterbed, flooding the bedroom and part of the hallway.
Calloway said he was driving his daughter to school when Matthews entered the mobile home the first time. He said he wasn't aware of the bed being slashed until later.
"She called and asked, 'Are you swimming yet?'" Calloway said, unaware of the damage until he went to his bedroom. She then told him to "go to bed."
Once there, he found that his water bed had two large holes in it, and that his bedroom was flooded.
"We all laughed at it. I even laughed," he said, adding that he has since patched up the water bed but is not sure how long the repair will last.
Deputies were unable to locate Matthews after Calloway called them the first time. She returned later that morning.
Calloway said she appeared at the door and started yelling at him.
"She was cursing at me, so I closed the door and locked it," Calloway said.
From there, Calloway said she kicked in the door.
"It took about five kicks," Calloway said.
After Matthews entered the home, Calloway rolled to the other side of the street. From there, Matthews allegedly got into her car, and tried to run Calloway over. Calloway and deputies said he had to dive out of his wheelchair and into a ditch in order to avoid getting hit.
"I knew she was going to run over my legs," he said.
Matthews said she did not want to comment about the situation.
Staff Writer Eric Heisig can be reached at 857-2202 or email@example.com.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Picture This: In Step
North Korean girls perform at a nursury school in Siniuju, along the country's western border with China. North Korea unveiled the embalmed body of late leader Kim Jong Il on Monday, Dec. 17, the one-year anniversary of his death.
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