text:
Twitter stock declined over 14% after lacklustre growth in Q2
Twitter's share price is getting battered once again: the company's stock has tumbled by more than 14 percent in trading today, a day after the social media platform posted an earnings report that pointed to poor growth in user numbers both in logged in and logged out users; sluggish revenue; and mediocre projections for Q3. The company's stock went as low… Read More
Shipt raises $20 million to challenge Instacart and plants a flag for Alabama's startup ecosystem
Nestled in a valley between the two tailing ends of the Appalachian foothills, the southern city of Birmingham, Ala. seems an unlikely base of operations for a rival to San Francisco's multi-billion dollar food delivery behemoth Instacart. But the two-year-old startup Shipt is doing exactly that, tackling not only its far better funded San Francisco-based rival, but the twin juggernauts… Read More
Tumblr to introduce ads across all blogs
Tumblr this week quietly announced plans to roll out a new advertising program across its site which will see it implementing ads across users' blogs. The company did not provide specific details on how the program will operate, but it appears to be an expansion of its earlier Creatrs program, which connects brands with Tumblr users directly, instead of having advertisers work… Read More
Density raises $4 million to track crowds at the DMV, theme parks and corporate campuses
The Department of Motor Vehicles is one of the most notorious ways to waste your life away. Density could help ease this pain. Today, Density is launching its people-counting sensor for measuring how many people are inside a space at any given time. The company is also announcing a $4 million Series A round led by Upfront Ventures Managing Partner Mark Suster with participation from… Read More
Microsoft Pix uses AI to help your iPhone take the best pictures
Microsoft Pix is looking to become your new go-to camera app on iPhone. The new iOS offering from Microsoft's mobile team employs some artificial intelligence smarts to help make sure you take the best pictures, by eliminating human error through batch captures and by enhancing image color, exposure and other variables that can make the difference between drab and dramatic for your… Read More
Smartphone shipments return to growth after early 2016 decline, says Canalys
During the second quarter of 2016, smartphone shipments saw a modest return to growth after a first quarter which saw the first ever year-over-year decline in worldwide smartphone sales, according to research firm Canalys. But sequentially, shipments didn't improve, and historical data reveals that the year-ago quarter was also relatively disappointing, all of which points to this return… Read More
Mercedes-Benz shows off the first fully electric heavy urban transport truck
Daimler isn't about to let Tesla own any more 'firsts' in electric transportation; the German company revealed the Mercedes-Benz Urban eTruck today in Stuttgart, an all-electric truck with a total admissible weight capacity of 26 tonnes (29 U.S. tons), which makes it the first clean energy big rig of its kind. As the name implies, it's designed for use in urban… Read More
Apple and Oracle vets' Upthere raises $77 million to put a new spin on personal cloud storage
Upthere isn't your parents' personal cloud storage service. The team behind the service, which is coming out of beta today with $77 million in financing from a slew of investors, believes that the cloud should be your primary storage and not just a place for keeping backups or helping you sync data between machines. Upthere wants you to think of its service as the canonical… Read More
New Redmi Pro gives Xiaomi's budget smartphone line a touch of class
Xiaomi dropped a surprise today when it outed its first laptop — perhaps predictably a cheap rival to Apple's Macbook — at an event in Beijing, but it also made a more routine reveal: the Redmi Pro. Read More
Nintendo reports $49M loss as Wii U sales plummet in Q1 2016
It's finally here folks, Nintendo's quarterly earnings day has never been so anticipated. But the Pokémon phenomenon hasn't translated into success for the games giant, which carded a $49 million loss (5.13 billion yen) for Q1 2016. Revenue came in at $587 million (62 billion yen), 30 percent lower than Q1 2105. Read More
Carmaker PSA Group acquires majority stake in European auto-repair marketplace Autobutler
PSA Group — the carmaker behind brands Peugeot, Citroën and DS — has acquired a majority stake in European auto-repair marketplace Autobutler. Read More
Xiaomi's first laptop is a Macbook Air rival that's as cheap as $540
Chinese smartphone and smart device maker Xiaomi just announced its first laptop — and boy does it look familiar to products belonging to a company that begins with the letter 'A'. Read More
Australia's largest banks unite to challenge Apple Pay
A number of Australia's top banks have come together to challenge Apple and its Apple Pay service in the country. Read More
Crunch Report | Solar Impulse 2 completes record flight
Stefan Etienne tries out a very real meaty veggie burger, Hailo sells 60% of company to Daimler, eHarmony CEO steps down, Solar Impulse completes record flight around the world on only solar electricity, and Mobileye and Tesla will be going separate ways. All this on Crunch Report. Read More
Crunch Network
Israeli technology and the future of transportation
The quantum leaps in productivity created by the car, train, ship and plane have dramatically changed our lives and movements. But today, we're at the forefront of a new revolution in mobility, from on-demand ride-sharing and navigation, to car ownership and autonomous connected vehicles. And like most industries in which software is eating the world, Israeli innovation is playing an… Read More
Watch TechCode's Demo Day here
TechCrunch is pleased to bring you TechCode's Demo Day today, Tuesday July 26th from Mountain View, California. TechCode's U.S. accelerator program focuses on artificial intelligence and hardware startups that already have a prototype. The goal is to help expedite commercialization for these startups by introducing them to partners and investors. TechCode also provides supply… Read More
Deep learning software knows that a rose is a rose is a rosa rubiginosa
We can't all be botanists, unfortunately, but most of us do have smartphones, and that may be a start. A computer vision system built by Microsoft Research Asia can identify thousands of species of flowers with nothing but a picture. Read More
Recent Funding Data by
3rd-eyes AG
- Not available Seed
- HQ: Zürich, Zurich
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ELSE Corp
- Not available Seed
- HQ: Milan, Lombardia
- Categories: 3D Printing, SaaS, 3D Technology, Cloud Computing, Retail, Fashion
- Investors: Not available
- Not available Angel
- HQ: Berlin, Berlin
- Categories: Music Venues, E-Commerce, Marketing, Music, Event Promotion, Performing ... See More
- Investors: Not available
Smarter Microelectronics
- $14M Series C
- HQ: Wanchai, Guangdong
- Categories: Electronics, Innovation Management, Semiconductor
- Investors: Not available
Cordata Healthcare Innovations
- $2.1M Venture
- HQ: Cincinnati, Ohio
- Categories: SaaS, Health Care
- Investors: Not available
Didi Chuxing
- $4.5B Private Equity
- HQ: Beijing, Beijing
- Categories: Mobile Apps, Public Transportation, Transportation
- Investors: Not available
Simpler Utilities Private Limited
- $20K Seed
- HQ: Pune, Maharashtra
- Categories: Not available
- Investors: Not available
- $4.0M Venture
- HQ: Montréal, Quebec
- Categories: Health Care, Information Technology, Video Conferencing
- Investors: Not available
London Business School
- 125M GBP Grant
- HQ: London, England
- Categories: Education
- Investors: Not available
Alton Norwood
- Not available Seed
- HQ: Not available
- Categories: Not available
- Investors: Not available
- 2.5M EUR Grant
- HQ: Kempele, Oulu
- Categories: 3D Technology, Electronics, Product Design
- Investors: Not available
- $500K Venture
- HQ: Palo Alto, California
- Categories: File Sharing, Software, Cloud Data Services, Local, Cyber Security
- Investors: Not available
- Not available Seed
- HQ: Dallas, Texas
- Categories: Digital Signage
- Investors: Not available
- 300K EUR Seed
- HQ: Amsterdam, Noord-Holland
- Categories: Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy
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Allecra Therapeutics
- 22M EUR Series B
- HQ: Saint-louis-et-parahou, Languedoc-Roussillon
- Categories: Pharmaceutical, Biopharma, Biotechnology
- Investors: Not available
360 Haoyao
- $15M Series A
- HQ: Beijinggang, Hunan
- Categories: Pharmaceutical
- Investors: Not available
Félix & Paul Studios
- $6.8M Series A
- HQ: Not available
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- Investors: Not available
- $10M Series A
- HQ: Collingwood, Victoria
- Categories: FinTech, Payments, Real Estate
- Investors: Not available
New Avenue Inc.
- $300K Seed
- HQ: Emeryville, California
- Categories: Home Renovation, Collaboration, Real Estate, Professional Services, ... See More
- Investors: Not available
- Not available Seed
- HQ: Bangalore, Karnataka
- Categories: Consumer Goods
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Huizuche.com 惠租车
- $30M Series B
- HQ: Shanghai, Shanghai
- Categories: Automotive, Rental
- Investors: Not available
- 100K EUR Convertible Note
- HQ: Berlin, Berlin
- Categories: EdTech, Career Planning, Education
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- $5.1M Series B
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- $5.0M Venture
- HQ: Yoqne`am `illit, HaZafon
- Categories: Cyber Security, Business Intelligence, Security
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TVS Logistics Services
- Not available
- HQ: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
- Categories: Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, Electronics, Logistics
- Investors: Not available
Norwood Systems
- $5.0M Post IPO Equity
- HQ: Nedlands, Western Australia
- Categories: Wireless, SaaS, Mobile, Enterprise Software
- Investors: Not available
Urban Mining Company
- $25M Series A
- HQ: Austin, Texas
- Categories: Not available
- Investors: Not available
- $33M Series B
- HQ: New York, New York
- Categories: Health Care, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology
- Investors: Not available
- $10M Series A
- HQ: Los Angeles, California
- Categories: Internet, Apps, Transportation
- Investors: Not available
- $15M Series B
- HQ: Rehovot, HaMerkaz
- Categories: Augmented Reality, Consumer Electronics, Software, Hardware
- Investors: Not available


text:
Hello dears,
I am looking forward to find a plugin or relevant solution for making a website to be allocated for webmasters to register their websites. And my website be able to arrange them according their rank, position, number of daily visits and so on...
Any help and direction is highly appreciated.
my website is afghantopwebsites.com (maintenance state)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
+ Log in or register to post
Results 751 to 760 of 1582
Thursday, 8th November, 2012, 01:38 AM #751
Defender (Lvl 8)
- Join Date
- Aug 2010
- Location
- Newton, MA
- Posts
- 3,208
ø Block Systole
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"Is this the bad thing? I am not sure how this is puts together." The barbarian draws his hammer. "So, we is smashings this, and everything is make better?"
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Thursday, 8th November, 2012, 07:58 PM #752
Magsman (Lvl 14)
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
- Location
- Online
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- 4,249
ø Block jbear
ø Friend+
"I think smashing it is what the skum have done. It is broken somehow, and we need to fix it."
Relic enters the room and begins circling the orrey looking for signs of damage.
'I am a predator...the predator improves the race...I kill but not out of hate.'
Frank Herbert: Emperor God of Dune
Thursday, 8th November, 2012, 09:18 PM #753
Defender (Lvl 8)
- Join Date
- Sep 2010
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- 2,894
ø Block jackslate45
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Aradra and Shadow take a long look around, ensuring everything is good
Thursday, 8th November, 2012, 09:46 PM #754
Looking at the runes on the outer wall, Relic recognizes the same aklo runes as was in the puddle shrine. He starts approaching the center of the room where the others tell him the hazy blob is the great machine. Shadow sniffs at the air and whimpers. Aradra screams out "Halt!"
Aradranailed the perception check!!
a) You see scorch marks from several electricity bolts, some old, some relatively fresh.
b) Shadow is agitated, looking around for things that are not there.
c) You see two plaques like the other one. One by the door, and one down near the machine. The text on both are standard size, unlike the large runes that fadedly glow around the room.
Last edited by Satin Knights; Thursday, 8th November, 2012 at 10:05 PM.
Friday, 9th November, 2012, 02:21 AM #755
Defender (Lvl 8)
- Join Date
- Sep 2010
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- 2,894
ø Block jackslate45
ø Friend+
Retrieving his bow from his bag, Aradra holds it out straight and starts casting something onto it. The bow flashes brightly, and when the light fades he says "I think that machine is really broke. It seems to be spewing lightning out randomly. You can still see the scorch marks." He then nods towards Shadow and says "Too make things worse, I think Shadow smells something that were not seeing..."
Closing his eyes, Aradra attempts to activate the night vision again, hoping to not cast light with something creeping about.
Cast Gravity Bow. Then Activate the Darkvision ability for 10 minutes.
Now if only I rolled that during my attack rolls...
Aradra Stats
Aradra Longstrider
AC: 21 (15 flat-footed, 16 touch)
Fort: +8 Reflex: +13 Will: +5
Perception: +13
Initiative: +8
Current Weapon in Hand: Bow
Current Item in Right Hand Sheath: Wand of Abundent Ammo (46/50)
Current Conditions in Effect: Rapid Shot/Deadly Aim;Woodland Stride ; Pass without trace 6..5hours , Gravity Bow (4 minutes), Darkvision (10 minutes)
Used Items: 4 charges of Abundent Ammo. 1 charge CLW
Adaptation: 70/80 Minutes Remain (Darkvision, Iron Will)
Level 1 Spells:
Pass without Trace, Gravity Bow
Level 2 Spells:
Eagle Eye, blank
Shadow Stats
AC: 19 (17 flat-footed, 11 touch)
CMB: +12 CMD: 24 (28 vs Trip)
Fort: +9 Reflex: +7 Will: +5 (+4 vs Enchantment Charm/Compulsion)
Perception: +13
Initiative: +2
Current Weapon in Hand: Bite (+10 1d8 + 15 + Trip) + d6 Shocking Amulet of Mighty Biting (activated)
Current Conditions in Effect: Power Attack, Furious Focus, Evasion, Share Spells; Scent
Last edited by jackslate45; Friday, 9th November, 2012 at 02:24 AM. Reason: Damage from Pool added in.
Friday, 9th November, 2012, 05:23 AM #756
oocDarkvision does not reveal any new details. Between the starlight and massive number of faintly glowing runes, Daylily's low light vision is sufficient. So, all have either low-light or darkvision now.
Friday, 9th November, 2012, 11:26 AM #757
Magsman (Lvl 14)
- Join Date
- Mar 2005
- Location
- Jonesboro, AR
- Posts
- 12,986
ø Block Mowgli
ø Friend+
A rasp of steel on steel sounds as Hafísbíta fairly leaps to Kalinn's hand. She looks 'round, trying to see whatever it is that Shadow's smelling as she moves to put her back to a wall.
Mini Stats
Kalinn Ari
Standard Block
Initiative: +03
AC: 27 (13 Touch, 24 Flat-Footed)
Fort: +07 Reflex: +06 Will: +05
Rage Block
Initiative: +03
AC: 25 (11 Touch, 22 Flat-Footed)
Fort: +10 Reflex: +06 Will: +07
Rage Block (Hafísbíta in Hand)
Initiative: +3
AC: 25 (11 Touch, 22 Flat-Footed)
Fort: +09 Reflex: +05 Will: +06
Fatigue Block
Initiative: +2
AC: 26 (12 Touch, 24 Flat-Footed)
Fort: +07 Reflex: +05 Will: +05
Senses: DarkVision
Perception: +09, Sense Motive: +0
Special: Rage (Remaining Rounds: 10/10)
Special: Spirit Totem (+7/1d4+2)
Special: Claws (Remaining Rounds: 05/05)
Special: Boon: Shield (Remaining Points: 10/10)
Special: Boon: Healing Surge
Current Weapon in Hand: None
Spells Available (Cantrips: Unlimited, 1st Level: 5/7 per Day, 2nd Level: 3/4 per Day)
Cantrips: Acid Splash, Disrupt Undead, Jolt, Haunted Fey Aspect, Mending, Ray of Frost
1st Level: Ear Piercing Scream, Protection from Evil, Shield
2nd Level: Protection from Evil (Communal)
"Every normal man must be tempted, at times, to spit on his hands, hoist the black flag, and begin slitting throats."
-- H.L. Mencken
Saturday, 10th November, 2012, 12:11 AM #758
Defender (Lvl 8)
- Join Date
- Aug 2010
- Location
- Newton, MA
- Posts
- 3,208
ø Block Systole
ø Friend+
Daylily helps himself to another pinch of the awful red leaves he often chews on, and looks around without much enthusiasm. "What, is it the more of the unnaturals beast?"
Mini Stats
Daylily Falshenaya
AC: 18 (18 flat-footed, 13 touch)
Fort: +8 Reflex: +4 Will: +4
AC: 16 (16 flat-footed, 11 touch)
Fort: +10 Reflex: +4 Will: +6
Perception: +11
Initiative: +2
Current Weapon in Hand: Earthbreaker
Current Conditions in Effect: Lingering rage
Rage Remaining: 8/13
Used Items:
Rations, 1
CLW Wand, 14
Javelin, 2
Barbarian chew, 3
Sling bullet, 1
Saturday, 10th November, 2012, 12:26 AM #759
Magsman (Lvl 14)
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
- Location
- Online
- Posts
- 4,249
ø Block jbear
ø Friend+
Relic hesitates at Aradra's warning, allowing his martial allies to scope the place out before he gets any closer.
'I am a predator...the predator improves the race...I kill but not out of hate.'
Frank Herbert: Emperor God of Dune
Saturday, 10th November, 2012, 02:36 AM #760
Looking around you, no one sees a foe, but Shadow continues to look around, turning in confused circles and sniffing. Several orbs shift and orbit above you in the "night" sky. Some are upon chains and mechanical support arms, while others float upon their own power. Occasionally a beam of light flashes from one to another, to a rune upon the walls, or to a seemingly distant star in the night sky.


text:
Hornets' Paul changes agents
Published: Thursday, July 8, 2010 at 4:30 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, July 8, 2010 at 4:30 p.m.
NEW ORLEANS — A person familiar with the deal says the Hornets' Chris Paul has joined LeBron James' marketing company.
The person spoke to The Associated Press on the condition of anonymity because the deal with LRMR Marketing had yet to be announced.
Earlier Thursday, Octagon basketball managing director Jeff Austin, who negotiated Paul's current four-year, $68 million contract with New Orleans, confirmed that Paul had ended his five-year relationship with the agency.
The news first was reported by Yahoo!
Austin says Octagon is proud of its work on Paul's basketball contract, marketing relationships and charitable endeavors, and wishes him continued success.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
August 9th, 2013, 8:24 PM
Good to be here, any good anime to recommend? Anime like pokemon inspired me to write my own stories. I remember watching pokemon and imagining how cool it would have been to drop my math books and grab a few poke balls. The first movie was epic but it kinda fizzled out with the message at the end. My story is called Rosewall on Wattpad if u want to check it out. I got the idea from an anime called Baccanno! Which was awesome.


text:
October 22, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service has requested prototypes from 15 qualified suppliers for a purpose-built delivery vehicle that would replace its aging fleet of Long Life Vehicles (LLVs).
October 16, 2015
Workhorse Group says it has obtained permission from the Federal Aviation Administration to test its Horsefly delivery drone, an eight-motor, eight-rotor "octocopter" designed to work with a specially equipped E-Gen electric walk-in van.
September 29, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service is purchasing 9,113 Ram ProMaster 2500 cargo vans for daily mail delivery, FCA US has announced.
September 8, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service's Office of Inspector General (OIG) has recommended four best practices and strategies for replacing vehicles based on a study of postal operations in the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, and Finland.
August 25, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service has asked companies to submit proposals for a rental contract for cargo vans to "fill in for vehicles out of service," according to a solicitation posted to FedBizOpps.gov.
August 19, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service has begun delivering bottled water, fresh fish, and electronics in New York City as it begins a shift toward same-day delivery to compete with FedEx, UPS, and Amazon.com.
May 13, 2015
The Workhorse Group — with its electric truck and a drone delivery system — is among the 15 companies qualified by the U.S. Postal Service as potential suppliers of its next-generation delivery vehicle.
May 6, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service could reduce its maintenance costs by $21.8 million a year by improving oversight of its mechanics and right-sizing staffing at vehicle garages, according to finding by the U.S. Office of Inspector General.
April 22, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service has chosen 15 possible manufacturers to build its next-generation delivery vehicle, including Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford, Nissan, and Freightliner.
February 16, 2015
The U.S. Postal Service will meet with automotive manufacturers in Washington, D.C., this week to field questions about its proposal to replace its aging delivery fleet with a next-generation vehicle, according to federal records.
November 21, 2013
Effective Dec 30 UPS' published rates for its services will increase. For package shipments, ground services and accessorial rates will increase an average net 4.9%.
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
The expert, Steve Carlson from Xantrex, will answer your questions
The expert, Brian Fletcher from Eaton, will answer your questions
Dual Shield Protects Power Sources on Trucks
Truckers Post Available Capacity for Shippers on HaulHound
Refrigeration Unit Runs off of a Vehicle Alternator
Engine Pre-Heater Features Compact Design


text:
Read and rate Travel Journal Entries for Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada
Sep 24, 2015 - Lunenburg
It's been two days since updating. Last time we were in the beautiful Wolfville, we had been thinking about touring some more wineries as there are probably 8 in the area. But we wanted to head down to Digby, and I wasn't really into drinking a bunch of wine and then hitting the highway...I think that's illegal?? But Wolfville is an absolutely wonderful place to spend a few good days eating and drinking and going to the beach. I enjoyed the straight highway drive to Digby. It was enjoyable to look around....at the trees. The annapolis...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Sep 15, 2015 - great day
Left Chester this morning, cool and cloudy but not raining. Drove to Lunenburg and saw bluenose inthe harbour. Got to tour it when it came in. Fun talking to staff. Murray would have loved to go out on it but it was booked. had a great lunch, Murray had his oysters. He went through the museum there. Drove to a provincial park for the night. found another gem. our sight looks through a few trees to the ocean and we can walk tight down to the beach. Had to wear earplugs, sound of crashing waves so loud. Had great fire and watched the sunset....Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Aug 16, 2015 - Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
In the last Journal entry I stated that the morning we left for Halifax/Dartmouth was the latest we had ever left since we started this journey in June. Today we broke the record even wider as it was almost 1400 hours when we got on the road. However, there was a better than average reason for our tartness because Marge had to go to the Emergency room at the Dartmouth General Hospital. This morning we were very leisurely putting things away and getting ready to leave for Lunenburg, Nova Scotia for a two day stay. Marge discovered some type...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 16, 2015 - learning about lobster
Today's drive was a short one from the Bay of Fundy to the Atlantic coast through lower Nova Scotia, so we had time for a field trip before we left. We drove to a lobster packing facility in Parkers Cove, located across the street from the harbor where the spiny creatures were being unloaded. Here the trapping season is still going strong and sort of an assembly line was going great guns sorting the lobsters by size and putting them in crates. The crates were stored in aerated 37º sea water and may not be sent on to customers around the...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 16, 2015 - Lunenberg, Nova Scotia
Lunenburg is a city founded by Germans. In 1753 a group of 1,453 from the Upper Rhine were settled to balance and displace the French Catholic Acadiens and Micmac natives in the region. It became a center of the cod fishing industry with several fish processing plants, many ship building yards, and about 25 cod fishing schooners based there. The Grand Banks Fisheries are just offshore and very close by. Today fishing is not as important as it was, since the cod fishery has declined. There are still many fishing boats, but they fish for...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 2, 2015 - Lunenburg, NS
Yesterday, we spent most of the day on a bus tour of Annapolis Royal and saw numerous sites with a lot of history. First was Fort Royal which was built in 1605. We were given a excellent overview of how the people survived during that time, especially during the harsh winters. The fort had been kept in immaculate condition with many original cooking utensils, handmade tools, etc. I will have some photos downloaded by tomorrow. Next, we went to Fort Anne, an unusual built fort without a stockade fence, but with star shaped dirt mounds all...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 1, 2015 - Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada
Only a 96 mile drive to Lunenburg. In fact, most all of the drives are very short, which allows the guests extra time to explore. In Lunenburg we visited the Atlantic Fisheries Museum, walked the board walk on the harbor, got to visit old sailing ships, and find a nice place to eat lunch. The next day Susan and I drove up to Mahone Bay, and also to the Blue Rocks Drive. Weather was excellent, although the fog moved in quickly at one point. As we sit here right now in 95 degree weather in Chanute, Kansas, I find it hard to belive that it was...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 3, 2014 - Lunenburg NS Day 2
Today Bill and Margaret visited the Farmer's Market at the Community Center. There were a lot of fruits and vegetables plus arts and crafts. Bill bought some homemade salami which smelled and tasted delicious. He wished he had bought more. We all went on a drive to Blue Rocks and Mahoney Bay but took separate cars since neither of us knew how long we wanted to be. It was a short drive to Blue Rocks. It is a small village which is called the Peggy's Cove of Lunenburg. It would have been more picturesque with less fog. Without the sun the...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Jul 2, 2014 - Lunenburg, NS Day 1
We left for Lunenburg around 8:30 with clear skies and the temperature expected to reach 70 degrees. We traveled along Hwy 8 which is a rough and windy road. About 35 miles into our trip we stopped at Kejimruyik National Park. This is an area with strong Mi'Kmaw Indian heritage. Many generations of families come to this area for summer enjoyment of camping, canoeing and staying in summer cottages. The art of canoe making is once again being done by local builders. We didn't walk through the park as we had to be in Lunenburg for a tour of...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Oct 4, 2013 - Maritime Adventure
Sept. 27th, Grande Pre, Annapolis, stopped off & sampled wine (bought 2 bottles). off to PEI via Confederation bridge, Sept. 28th. Drove all over Summerside, there till about 1:45 pm. Drove to Cavendish, stayed at Stanley Bridge. We went to Green Gables & Ann Shirley family historical site, Sept. 29th. It was fantastic, great information, magnificent view, wonderful weather. Sept. 29th, toured around area, drove to St. Peters & back. Ate again at Carr's (2nd nite) patio, ocean view. Sept. 30th, Went to Charlottetown, drove & walked all...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Sep 28, 2013 - Dartmouth to Lunenburg NS
September 28 Sunshine and we are wearing shorts! It is a glorious fall day. As we drove done the hill into Dartmouth we saw scullers on the lake, joggers, cyclists and dog walkers all glad to see the sun! Stopped into the Saturday Farmer's Market in the Ferry Building and bought cherry tomatoes for $2 which is much less than the $5 we have seen in the grocery stores. We had only 24 minutes on the meter so did a quick run through much of which was artisan wares. Got some good coffee though. Got over the bridge ($2.50 vs. $1 on the weekend)...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal
Aug 28, 2013 - Lunenburg, NS
What a crazy weather day we got Wednesday! We bid farewell to our great host in St. Ann's, and headed southwest in very foggy conditions at 9:00. By 10:00 it was a beautiful sunny day, and by 11 it was again very overcast. When the sun came out again, we thought it was really going to be clear for the day. For lunch, we found a KFC/Taco Bell, and couldn't believe that you even can't get KFC in Nova Scotia without French fries. We've just had one too many French fries on this trip, so we settled for some tacos. We got to our first...Jump to full entry
Trip Journal


text:
Speciality: Haematology Biomedical Scientist
Location: London
Duration: Temporary
Speciality: Biochemistry Biomedical Scientist
Location: Yorkshire and Humber
Duration: Temporary
Speciality: Haematology & Blood transfusion
Location: Yorkshire and Humber
Duration: Temporary
Speciality: Microbiology Biomedical Scientist
Location: North West England
Duration: Temporary
Lung cancer is one of the biggest killers in the UK and the poor standard of care is proving detrimental to survivors, an expert group has determined.
The UK Lung Cancer Coalition has severely criticised the way the disease is treated in health services across the UK and noted that a lack of access to specialist teams and poor awareness were becoming increasingly prominent problems. A new report by the coalition noted that more could be done to reduce the amount of deaths that are caused by lung cancer and that allowing patients to get the best possible care is imperative to ensure that they have better survival rates to the current levels they are at now.
Officials at the coalition have outlined a number of key improvements that will help to boost the standard of treatment within NHS facilities. Among these the organisation noted that giving patients access to specialists to deal with them directly can significantly benefit their illness and assist them on the road to recovery. However, the coalition noted that this type of treatment is not happening in around a third of people with lung cancer at the moment.
Duleep Allirajah, head of policy at Macmillan Cancer Support, told the BBC: "For too long lung cancer has been one of the more overlooked cancers, despite being the UK's biggest cancer killer. Implementation of these recommendations, especially with regards to vital and often life saving surgery, would undoubtedly go a long way to improving survival, where we still trail behind Europe."
Lung cancer is the second most common form of the illness in England and Wales with figures from the NHS estimating that 40,800 new cases of the disease are confirmed every year. While it is fairly rare in people under the age of 40, smoking has been highlighted as a major cause for the onset of the disease and has been responsible for 85 to 90 per cent of confirmed cases within the two countries.
Contact the specialist recruitment company, Mediplacements, to see the latest biomedical science jobs.
written by Alex Franklin Stortford
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Testing for Lynch syndrome needs to improve at UK hospitals, a new report has warned.Lynch syndrome is a genetic...
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I am extremely pleased with this selection as a gift for my daughter. Thank you so much for having this type of merchandise at Overstock.
- How accurate was the sizing? Perfect
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Excellent
- Was the product free of any manufacturer defects? Yes
I bought this as a thank you gift for a very nice lady that helped us purchase our new home. We wanted to tell her we appreciated her, and this did the trick. She was very surprised and happy. Good job Overstock.com
- How accurate was the sizing? Ok, as far as I know
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. The recipient loved it
- Was the product free of any manufacturer defects? as far as I know
My son ordered this item as a birthday gift for me. The basket was beautifully packaged and arranged very professionally. He ordered it with the help of a family member so it would be a surprise. He knows I love bath sets. This particular set had a lot of candy apple scented products, which I love personally.
Good fragrance and arrived on time.
Also delivered to a different city and state. Never had that happen before on a order. Was to be shipped to Georgia and ended in Pennsylvania. This was the first time I ordered from overstock and it is the last time. Was told that it would be delivered 3 to 5 days. Now just about 10 days later, it is shipped to a different city and state. What does that say about Overstock.com?
Definalty worth the money
Nice gift product although, once shipping costs were added, it became quite a pricey gift. Recipient enjoyed it although was not notified whom it was from leaving her questioning who had sent it.
I purchased this as a gift for my sister. Although I didn't use the product, my sister said she loved it and will enjoy soaking up lavender for a long time.


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A Recent Favorite:
Uh Oh, Nothing Here Yet
Why don't you go browse some Comics or Editorials and pick a few to favorite?
Recent Comments
So this reminds me about a golf course near my place. On the cart paths, they have speed breakers instead of speed bumps
I wish I had the nerve to do that as a child. It seems that I had limits to what shenanigans I'd pull and Calvin has zero limits whatsoever
Love it. I'm taking this approach to life from now on
Also, Hobbes, talking in circles again? I love circles
The declining years are coming sooner than you think Calvin
Hello, I've been reading this comic and comment thread for a while now and thought I'd join in this conversation. Hobbes - that post is brilliant :D


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See who's on Silver Singles:
I am a reasonably handsome and relatively normal guy. Well read, well spoken, and fairly well educated... My likes include writing, cho...
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A quiet and ambitious young man that's really into computers and technology. I am very easy to talk to and am willing to listen. I valu...
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We are in the process of upgrading the site to implement a content management system.
"TINGWALL, (Whiteness and Weesdale) a parish in the mainland of Shetland, Shetland Islands, coast of Scotland. It comprises the village of Scalloway, and the islands of Linga, Oxna, and Irondray, lying betwixt Wadbuster, Laxforth, and Deal Voes on the E., and Weesdale, Stromness, and Ustaness Voes on the W. The parish extends in length from 18 to 20 miles, with an extreme breadth of 10 miles. It is so much indented by the voes, that no portion of it is more than two miles distant from the sea. The surface is irregular and hilly, but much of it has been reclaimed and cultivated. In the straths limestone is abundant."
[from The National Gazetteer of of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) Transcribed by Colin Hinson ©2003]
You can also perform a more selective search for churches in the Tingwall area that are recorded in the GENUKI church database. This will also help identify other churches in nearby townships and/or parishes. You also have the option to see the location of the churches marked on a map.
Description and TravelYou can see pictures of Tingwall which are provided by:
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
This instructable will show you how to make a easy inexpensive camera slide to take 3D photos using a regular digital 2D camera. A 3D slide allows you ...
Cut your 2x2 down to a 8" length (approx).Mark a spot in the exact center of one side. This will be your top. Drill all the way through ...
Take the Tee nut and insert in the hole barb side down. Push all the way down then take a hammer a screwdriver and lightly tap the Tee ...
Attach camera to RTR Strong Tie through hole made in previous step using 1/4 bolt making sure you have a wing or standard nut to tighten and keep ...
You are now ready to take 3D photos. Simply take one photo from the left side (from the camera's perspective) and then a second one from about 4 ...
Use Your Camera To Capture "3D" Anaglyphsby ProfHankD
Create 3D Images Using Your Cell Phone, a Stick, and Gimpby oddree
Photographing for 3D Lenticular Printingby stereoghost
3D Anaglyph Camera Attachment!by gibbon
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Tulane Introduces Travis Jewett as 24th Head Coach of Baseball Program
Tulane Director of Athletics Troy Dannen has introduced Travis Jewett, who has spent the last four years at Vanderbilt University helping build a national baseball powerhouse, as the 24th head coach of the Tulane Green Wave baseball program on Thursday, July 14.
Read More
Our goals for each and every camper at the Tulane Baseball Camp are well-defined. First, for the younger player, we want to make sure that they have a clear understanding of the correct fundamentals to aid them in their development. Also, we want to make sure that each camper has a great time, whether it be during the morning instructional phase or the afternoon games.
For the older players, our goal is to aid and assist in refining their game and exposing them to the highest caliber of instruction. We spare no expense to hire some of baseball's finest professional and college coaches, which ensures our camp's status among the nation's elite.
Our clinics range in ages and we should have a program to fit your needs. If you don't see a date that works for you at this time please check back as we add new sessions often.
TU events coming soon. Please check back as new scheduling will be posted here.
Our baseball camps, clinics and prospect events in New Orleans, Louisiana are a great opportunity to take your game to the next level. Each clinic is hosted by our college staff here at the Tulane University.
For all questions regarding Tulane Baseball Camp, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
All camps and clinics are open to any and all entrants, limited only by numbers, age, and grade level.
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hey people i have said it before and i will say it again pards was very good for us and if it was not for him we may not have made last season as good as it was.i know we have all said on other messages what the players should be doing but they put there heads down then think it will sort it self out.i still say the board had a lot to do with pards going, and that is just my opinion i know but i think we should say thank you. not ponder then get on with what we need to do to finish this season well.with ashton due to make his return i feel its looking better for us. i agree get rid of the two arges as they do not work in our style of football one up front does not work i agree but he had to do as his told when he did play back to the old faithfull it got better but the game is changing so do not be supprised if curbs try's somethiing different it may still take some time.come on you irons!!!!!!!!!!!


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Wellness LC
The Wellness Learning Community offers students the opportunity to engage in the Jesuit tradition of cura personalis (care for the whole person). Students build community based on their shared interest in the dynamic process of becoming aware of, taking responsibility for, and making choices that contribute to their personal well being and the well being of the communities they engage in. Members of the learning community will develop an understanding for the integration of body, mind and spirit through exploration of cultural, emotional, environmental, intellectual, physical, social, spiritual and vocational wellness.
Activities and Programs
Students in the Wellness Learning Community engage in activities and events that explore the integration of body, mind, and spirit. Students have enjoyed taking a wellness tour of Chicago, exploring the YOU! The Experience exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry, and participating in the AIDs walk/run. Students explore the countless fitness opportunities offered through the Halas Recreation Center and become involved in the health promotion initiatives through the Wellness Center.
Curricular Requirements
In fall 2016, students in the Wellness Learning Community will take UNIV 101 with their advisor, Ms Brianne Lauka, and each student will choose one of two core courses.
UNIV 101 First Year Seminar – Section 111 Class 3705
Friday 2:45-3:35 OR
UNIV 101 First Year Seminar – Section 71 Class 2781
Thursday 8:30-9:20 OR
UNIV 101 First Year Seminar – Section 108 Class 4984
Friday 1:40-2:30
SOCL 101 Society in a Global Age OR
UCWR 110 Writing Responsibly – Section 10
SOCL 101, a foundational course in the social science core, explores how we understand humans in their social and global world. As part of the Wellness Learning Community, there is an extra focus throughout the semester (but especially in the final third of the class) on issues about health, medicine and global society. The instructor researches health disparities in the U.S.. Core Social and Cultural Knowledge Tier I. Dr. Dana Garbarski, TuTh 11:30-12:45; Section 5, Class 5480.
UCWR 110 instructs students in the conventions of academic writing. Students will develop flexible strategies for generating, revising, editing their writing and will receive instruction in how to write clear, error free prose. This section will focus on how critical thinking can enhance our own sense of a healthy and fulfilled self as well as our capacity to accept and support others. Core Writing Seminar. Ms Laura Goldstein, MWF 9:20-10:10; Sect 10, Class 1950.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 2011
|Priority date
|Sep 17, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenneth Noddings, Daniel Marshall Andrews, Thomas Alan Bishop, Michael Anthony Olla
|Original Assignee
|Kenneth Noddings, Daniel Marshall Andrews, Thomas Alan Bishop, Michael Anthony Olla
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Classifications (34), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the fabrication of optical devices and assemblies.
Optical devices are widely used in communications applications because optical fibers can carry significantly more information than conventional copper wires can carry in the same space. Optical devices are also being used to connect computer components such as circuit boards and even individual circuits because of their great capacity and relative immunity to interference.
The small size of optical components, while allowing a great many components to be assembled in a small volume, makes the components difficult to assemble and connect to each other. Optical fibers, for example, are typically only a few thousandths of an inch in diameter. They are composed of a core, a cladding, and a coating. The cladding has an index of refraction slightly less than that of the core, and the coating has an index of refraction that is slightly greater than that of the cladding. The core, cladding, and coating are typically made of silica glass. Light propagates in the core and is reflected off the cladding, thereby guiding the light within the core. The coating protects the fiber from the environment and provides mechanical strength to reduce unacceptably tight bending of the fiber.
Light can propagate in an optical fiber in any number of vibrational modes. Fibers that support a single mode are called "single mode fibers" and fibers that support multiple modes are called "multi-mode fibers." The width of a typical single-mode optical fiber core is about 9 microns (0.0004 in.). The cladding diameter is typically about 125 microns (0.005 in). The diameter of a multi-mode fiber core is typically about 50 μm (0.002 in) and the diameter of the cladding is typically about 125 microns (0.005 in). The index of refraction of the core of some multimode fibers, known as graded index fibers, changes gradually as the distance from the axis increases.
Because of the small diameter of the optical fibers, it is difficult and expensive to accurately align the fibers with each other and with other components. For example, when two optical fibers are coupled, the axes of the fibers need to be aligned within a few microns so that the light exiting the core of one fiber enters the core of the next fiber. A misalignment between the cores of a single micron will result in greater than a ten percent loss of light. Because only light that enters the fiber within an "acceptance angle" will propagate down the fiber, the angles between the fibers that are coupled must be close to zero. Similarly, light exits the fiber in the shape of a cone. Connecting fibers must be positioned as close to each other as possible so that most of the cone of line light exiting one fiber is within the core of the next fiber.
Moreover, to reduce loss of light as it leaves an optical fiber, the optical fiber must be properly "terminated" before connecting to other fibers or other components. The optical fibers must be cut at a precise angle and its end polished. The process of preparing the fiber end, or terminating the fiber and aligning it is time consuming and therefore expensive.
Different optical components perform different functions with regard to light signals so it is necessary to route light using optical fibers and waveguides to different components to perform different operations. For example, light may be generated by a laser, routed through an optical fiber, switched to an alternate fiber, multiplexed into a fiber with light of a different wavelength, separated out for the different wavelengths, and then detected by a detector. Typically, light is routed between components by optical fibers or other waveguides.
Optical components can be classified as either active or passive. Passive devices include, for example, optical fibers that carry light and couplers that route light between fibers. Active devices include, for example, light emitting diodes and lasers that generate light and detectors that detect light and convert the light signal into an electrical signal. One type of laser that has become widely used in optoelectronics is the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, or VCSEL. A VCSEL is typically fabricated on a semiconductor die or chip and emits light perpendicular to the surface of the chip.
Optical components, including optical fibers, are frequency grouped to process multiple signals in parallel. Such groups include arrays of lasers or photodiode detectors and cables containing multiple optical fibers. Optical components perform functions such as detection, optical signal branching, optical multiplexing, optical switching, and optical modulation.
Optical components such as laser and photodetectors are typically assembled into packages. Aligning the components within the package and aligning the fiber with the package are time consuming, expensive operations. Moreover, the optical fibers that are routed to the packages must be aligned with the components in the package.
The cost of aligning and connecting the components within the package is one of the major costs of producing the optical packages and of using the optical package. When connecting optical fibers, it is typically necessary to "actively align" the fibers to the devices, that is, light is transmitted though the device and the connection is monitored during the alignment process. For example, when aligning optical fibers to a laser, the laser will be operating and a detector is connected to the opposite end of the fibers. The fiber is adjusted in relation to the laser until the light detected at the other end of the fiber is maximized. Once alignment is, obtained, the position of the components relative to each other is fixed, typically by an ultraviolet curable adhesive or solder, and the assembly is typically either hermetically sealed or surrounded with a plastic material. The fiber is typically metal coated and soldered to seal with the package and to fix it in place.
To complicate the alignment problem, many components require electrical connections, as well as optical fiber connections. For example, lasers need an electrical power supply and information signals are provided to modulate the laser beam. As another example, photodetectors provide electrical signals that correspond to the intensity of the received light. Electrical signals are conducted to and from components by fine wires that are bonded to conductive pads on the components. The resulting assembly is fragile and is often sealed to protect it from the environment.
Many connection schemes have been proposed to facilitate the connection between different types of optical components. For example, "V"-shaped grooves etched into a component package can be used to align optical fibers with the component. Many of the mechanical connectors that align optical components are etched from silicon or machined from ceramic to meet the tight tolerances.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,967 to Adano et al. for "Packaging Platform, Optical Module Using The Platform, and Methods for Producing the Platform and Module" describes a system that uses a package having grooves to position optical fibers and having horizontal and vertical reference surfaces to position components in three dimensions in relation to the fibers. The fiber and components are fixed in position by a cover plate or by an adhesive. U.S. Pat. No. 6,233,383 to Artigue et al. describes another system using reference surfaces for aligning optical components.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,724 describes a method for constructing an electro-optical assembly that uses a flexure element that can be deformed to bring an optical component into alignment with other components on a substrate. The flexure element is then fixed to the substrate.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,814 to Noddings et al. describes a method of assembling an optical transceiver with an optical connection. A laser is used to precision drill slots for the connector tooling pins in the connector body, so that the fibers in the connectors align accurately with the transceiver. This technique enables a passive assembly technique as opposed to active alignment using optical power coupling to align the device.
An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for assembling and packaging optical devices.
The present invention comprises a method of assembling optical devices, the assemblies so produced, and the tools used to produce the assemblies. In accordance with the invention, at least one optical component is aligned in a precision mold. A waveguide is then formed to carry light to or from the component. A cladding material and an encapsulating material are optionally formed as part of the assembly. The assembly can be held together by the molded material or a structural element can be included as part of the molded assembly.
A wide variety of assemblies can be produced using the present invention. For example, the invention could be used to terminate optical fibers with molded components, e.g., waveguides, gratings, filters, and splices, that can be readily interfaced with other assemblies. The invention could also be used to create complex assemblies including optical, electrical, and mechanical components, including lasers, integrated circuits, and microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices.
The assembly is preferably made using a low pressure, low temperature process to reduce distortions of the mold, thereby providing accurate alignment of components.
In some embodiments, the invention can eliminate the need for polishing the fiber interfaces or optical components. In some embodiments, the invention can eliminate the needs for active alignment of fibers, lasers, or waveguide components, separate component and fiber bonding, and package sealing steps. In some embodiments, the invention can form the final enclosure as part of the molding process, thereby eliminating the need for a separate and expensive package.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. The invention has broad applicability and embodiments can be tailored to specific applications. Not every implementation will include every feature or provide every benefit of the invention. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The invention comprises a method and apparatus for assembling optical components.
The term "mold" is used herein in a general sense to describe any process that forms a structure by providing a shape to a formable material, such as a liquid or a plastically deformable solid. The term "mold" is also used to refer to the tool that imparts the shape to molded material. Molding processes that can be used in the invention include, by way of example and not of limitation, compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, reaction injection molding, stenciling, extruding, screen printing, roll to roll processing, and embossing. In some embodiments, the mold may comprise a plate having indentations into which molding material is forced using a blade in a manner similar to a silkscreen process, but optionally without a screen.
The components can be aligned in the mold using a variety of methods. For example, the components and the mold can have reference surfaces such that when the reference surfaces on a component are placed in contact with the reference surfaces on the mold, the components will be aligned in two or three dimensions. The components can also include bumps, pins, precision laser-drilled or micro-machined holes or other structures that align with complementary structures in the mold.
Embodiments of the invention can comprise a molded waveguide alone or an assembly of multiple waveguides and other components. An assembly formed in accordance with the invention can include any type of component, such as optical components, electrical components, and or mechanical components. For example, optical components may include passive optical components such as individual optical fibers, arrays of optical fibers, lens elements, gratings, filters, waveguides, and holograms. Fibers used with the invention can be either bare or contained in ferrules. Optical components could also include active components, such as, lasers, detectors, emitters, transceivers, switches, and amplifiers. The assembly can also include electrical devices such as integrated circuits and mechanical devices, such as MEMS (micro-electromechanical) devices.
The assembly can also include structural components. Structural components can be prefabricated and then joined with other components during the molding process or the structural components can be formed during the assembly molding process. For example, the assembly can be formed on a rigid or flexible printed circuit board that supports the other elements. Other structural components could include, for example, structures of ceramic, semiconductor substrates, such as substrates of silicon or gallium arsenide, and polymers. Structural components molded into the assembly can be formed, for example, from polymers or composite materials, such as ceramic or metal particles in a matrix of polymers.
A waveguide material, typically a polymer, is then applied in step 106, the mold defining the shape in which the waveguide is formed. The mold is thus used to position and align the components in two or three dimensions and to define the shape of the waveguide.
The material from which the waveguide is formed preferably has an index of refraction matched to the fiber core or other mating component and has low absorption to light in the wavelengths to be used with the finished optical assembly. The material preferably has a molding temperature of under 150� C., good adhesion to glass and other optical components in the assembly, low molding viscosity, and stability to temperatures greater than 180� C. after molding and any post-molding cure. Some useful materials, for example, have a viscosity of about 175 centipoises at room temperature. The viscosity is preferably less than 1000 centipoises. The material also preferably exhibits pre-molding stability and fast cure or solidification in the mold. Either thermosetting or thermoforming plastics can be used, with thermosetting materials generally being preferable because of their better stability of the product at higher temperatures. The operational hardness and flexibility depend on the application. In some instances a flexible low modulus material is desirable in order that the material imparts minimal strain on the aligned assembly. Other assemblies may require the opposite, a hard high modulus material to provide rigid structural support. Base on the guidance above and the examples provided below, skilled persons will be able to select a formable waveguide material to be used for different applications.
For example, one preferred waveguide material is known by the trade name of TOPCAT and consists of amorphous cyclic polyolefin waveguide polymers developed by B.F. Goodrich Electronic Material Division, now part of Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., and managed by Erie Research, LLC, Brecksville, Ohio or another material of the same class sold under the name "Topas" by the Ticona division in Summit, N.J., of Celanese A.G., Kronberg im Taunus, Fed Rep Germany. Other suitable materials include polymeric materials such as OPTOCAST 3400 series from Electronic Materials Inc., Breckenridge, Colo., acrylic materials, such as NOA number series, from Norland Products, Inc. Cranbury, N.J. and silicone materials OCK-433 or OCK-451 from Nye Lubricants, Inc., Fairhaven, Mass. S
Ultraviolet (UV) curable materials, such as acrylic material NOA 71, from Norland Norland Products, Inc. Cranbury, N.J. and/or OPTOCAST 3500 series from Electronic Materials Inc., Breckenridge, Colo. are also suitable for use as a waveguide material. UV curable material would be suitable used when the waveguide material is applied using a technique, such as screening, stenciling, or compression molding, in which the molded material is exposed in the mold and can be irradiated with ultraviolet light. UV curable materials can also be used with a mold formed of a material, such as glass, that is transparent to UV light.
After the waveguide material is applied, it is then cured or set in step 110. Depending on the material used for forming the waveguide, the setting process may involve heating the mold or exposing the molded material to ultraviolet light. Some materials set rapidly without requiring an external source of heat. After the waveguide material is set, the molded assembly is released from the mold in step 112. The mold may be cooled to facilitate release of the assembly. In addition mold release compounds may be applied to the mold or specialized coatings such as teflon can be permanently applied to also facilitate release. When the lift-off structure is contacted to the molded assembly or component, the assembly or component sticks to the material and is removed from the mold as the lift-off
In some embodiments, the assembly or component is released from the mold using a "lift-off" process in which the assembly or component is stuck to a support or "lift-off" structure and is lifted from the mold when the lift-off structure is raised. For example, the lift-off structure may be a rigid structure having an adhesive surface. The lift-off structure can be molded directed onto the assembly or component in its cavity plate, for example, by using a screening process or a compression or injection molding process. The lift-off structure can be molded from cladding material in the same molding operation in which the cladding is applied to the waveguide core. The lift-off structure could be, for example, formed or inserted in a top plate and then the top plate can be pressed into contact with the molded assembly before one or both of the assembly or the lift-off structure is fully cured. The uncured or partially cured molded lift-off structure will adhere to the molded assembly or component. The lift-off structure can be in the form of a portion of a connector, so that the complete assembly can be readily interconnected to another component.
In optional step 114, a second structure is adhered to or molded to the lift-off structure, to further surround and protect the assembly. The lift-off structure and the second structure may combine to form a standard connector shape. The lift-off structure can also be bonded directly to the core material during the molding process or it can be made from molded and cured waveguide cladding material and become the waveguide cladding.
Several steps can optionally be performed before the assembly is removed from the mold in step 112. Step 116 shows that electrical connection terminations are optionally provided to any of the components positioned in step 102 that require electrical connections to supply, for example, information or power. Although step 116 is shown after curing of the waveguide material, step 116 can be performed any time in the process before the assembly is encapsulated. Components in the assembly can be electrically connected to each other, for example, by wire bonding or solder reflow.
Optionally, a cladding material is molded over the waveguide material in step 120. The choice of cladding forming material will typically depend on the material used as the waveguide forming material. The cladding forming material preferable adheres to the waveguide forming material and has an index of refraction less than that of the waveguide forming material. The cladding material preferably has molding, curing, and thermal performance properties similar to those described above with respect to the waveguide forming material. The same materials discussed above as waveguide forming materials are suitable as cladding forming material as long as the index of refraction is less than that of the waveguide forming material being used. When cladding material is applied in step 120, a lift-off structure as described above with respect to step 112 can be formed of cladding material. Based on the guidance and examples provided above, skilled persons will be able to select an appropriate cladding forming material for any particular implementation.
The cladding material is set in step 122. If no cladding material is used or if the cladding does not completely surround the waveguide core material, the ambient air provides the change of index of refraction necessary at the waveguide material boundary. The molded cladding material can also be used as a structural component to hold the assembled optical components together in alignment and to provide any structural members necessary for insertion in an optical circuit or to connect to another finished component or fiber. A third material can also be applied to hold the assembly together, or as described above, the assembly can be formed on a structure component. An optional encapsulating material, such as an epoxy resin, can be molded in step 130 over the assembly to protect the assembly from the environment and be cured or set in step 132. The encapsulating material can be used as a lift-off structure to facilitate removing the molded assembly from the mold.
The high temperatures and pressures of many molding processes tend to distort the molds, making many molding processes unsuitable for optical connections that require tight tolerances. A low temperature molding process that reduces thermal expansion of the mold, thereby allowing for accurate molding and positioning of parts is preferred. A preferred molding process uses a molding temperature of less than about 140� C., with a more preferred temperature of less than 120� C. or 100� C., and a most preferred process using temperature under 70� C. The optimum molding temperature for any particular application will depend upon the material used to form the molded component. The waveguide and cladding materials are chosen so that they can be formed at relatively low temperatures and low pressures.
In some molding processes, the material being molded is forced into a cavity defined by the inner mold surfaces and sometimes defined in part by a component being molded into the assembly. The molding material is typically inserted under pressure to ensure that it completely fills the cavity. The mold must seal tightly against the components that form part of the walls of the mold cavity. In some embodiments, to prevent the molding material from being forced outside of the cavity, the mold is tightly clamped. Clamping pressure is typically from five to ten times the injection pressure. Tightly clamping the parts, however, tends to distort them, thereby preventing the molded assembly from achieving the very fine tolerances required. High injection pressure also requires a more expensive and massive die and can result in more thermal variation within the molded assembly, which makes maintaining the very fine tolerances required difficult or impossible.
The molding materials for the waveguide and cladding preferably can be formed under relatively low pressure or even no pressure at all, thereby eliminating the necessity for high clamping pressures and allowing applicants to achieve the tolerances required for optical assemblies. For example, the waveguide or cladding material can be applied through a stencil or a screen using a blade to force the material into the mold as the blade crosses the mold surface. In some embodiments, a vacuum is applied to assist the material being molded in filing the mold cavities without trapping air.
The molds preferably have precision machined, embossed, or cast surfaces that are used to position the assembled parts preferable within 5 μm, more preferably within 3 μm and most preferably within 1 μm. The relative positions of the mold surfaces are preferably accurate within +/−1 μm. Such high precision molds can be produced, for example, using a diamond point turning fly cutting process or by a highly skilled tool and die maker using conventional machining methods or by using photolithographically defined etching or electroplating.
To maintain the required tolerances, critical portions of the mold, such as the cavity plates, are preferably fabricated from a single block of material, such as any one of a number of mold quality tool steels, for example, D2, H-13, A-6, ASP-30, ASP-60, S-7 or M2 tool steels. The mold could also be fabricated from aluminum plated with nickel or hard chrome, nickel or chrome plated kovar. Because of the low temperatures and pressures typically used with the present invention, it is also possible to fabricate the mold using other materials, including Teflon, plastic, and etched silicon. The mold material preferably has a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of the components being molded, so that there is little relative motion with temperature change.
Because the malleable molded material contacts the mold, the surface texture of the die is transferred to the molded material. The mold can therefore be used to form a desired surface finish on the molded material. In connecting optical fibers, it is typically necessary to cut the fiber or waveguide at a precise angle and to polish the end to achieve a smooth surface that reduces scattering of light. The invention allows a desired angle and surface finish to be molded directly into a waveguide. To impart a sufficiently smooth surface to the waveguide, the surface roughness of the mold is preferably less than one quarter of the wavelength of the light to be used in the waveguide. Also by using a material having a refractive index matched to that of the fiber, the mold material will encapsulate the rough "as cleaved" fiber surfaces, thereby smoothing these surfaces and negating the need to polish the fiber. In some embodiments of the invention, light scattering from the terminated fiber or waveguide can be tolerated, so a smooth surface on the mold is not always required.
In the example shown in
As the waveguide material is being forced into form 902, the material is heated to slightly above ambient temperature to reduce the pressure required to force material into form 902. For example, if TOPCAT is used as the waveguide material, it is preferable heated to between 60� C. and 70� C., preferably about 65� C., and applied using the very small pressure of between 10 psi and 100 psi, preferably about 20 psi.
After the waveguide core 206 is formed, the mold is heated in step 1216 to an appropriate temperature for curing. The preferred temperature and time required to cure the materials will vary with the material. The manufacturer of the material used as the waveguide will typically provide recommendations about the temperature and duration of the curing process. For example, if TOPCAT is used as the waveguide, it is cured at about 65� in the mold assembly for initial setting up and the cavity plate is removed from the mold assembly and the material is heated to about 150� C. for an hour to complete the curing or setting up of the material.
In step 1222, a cladding material 208 is molded onto waveguide material 206. The cladding material may be applied by a manner similar to the manner in which waveguide core material 206 was applied, using a top cavity plate having a groove concentric with, but having a larger radius than, the groove used to form the top of waveguide core 206. If the waveguide material is not removed from bottom cavity plate 614 before forming cladding 208, the cladding material is formed around only the top portion of waveguide material 206, forming a "ridge cladding," with the remaining portion of waveguide core 206 being "cladded" by air. If desired, the molded assembly can be removed from bottom cavity plate 614, turned over, and additional cladding material can be molded to waveguide material 206 to surround it entirely with cladding. Alternatively, cladding material can be applied without using a top cavity plate, for example, by screening or stenciling.
After the cladding material is applied, it is cured in step 1224. The manufacturer of the material used as the cladding material will typically provide recommendations about the temperature and duration of the curing process. For example, when using a TOPCAT material, the cladding is cured at about 65� in the mold assembly for initial setting up and the cavity plate is removed from the mold assembly and the heated to about 150� C. for an hour to complete the curing or setting up of the material. The TOPCAT cladding material can be applied to the core material after the cores 65� C. partial curing step and then heated to 65� C. to set in place. Then both materials can be heated to 150� C. to complete the curing process. If the cladding material is a screened, UV curable material, it is cured by exposure to ultraviolet light.
Note that optical fibers 204, which were precisely aligned by cavity plate 614, are partially embedding in the cladding material during the molding process and thereby permanently fixed in alignment without the necessity of an active alignment process.
The cladding material improves the transmission of light in the waveguide core 206. Because waveguide core 206 is very short, in some applications, the cladding material can be eliminated, with the surrounding air providing the cladding. The cladding material can also be used as a protective layer for the assembly or as a structural component.
In optional step 1226, an encapsulating material, such as an epoxy, can be applied over the entire assembly to further protect the assembly from environmental hazards. The encapsulating material can be applied using a screening, stenciling, or other process. After the encapsulation material is applied, it is cured in step 1228.
Because the waveguide material is molded into contact with the optical fibers and the index of refraction of the waveguide material matches that of the fiber core, there is no need to cut the fiber ends at any particular angle or to polish the ends of the optical fibers. Because the cavity plate maintains the optical fibers in precise alignment as they are being fixed in the molded assembly, there is no need for active alignment.
After the waveguide core 206 and optionally the cladding 208 is formed, the mold assembly 600 is optionally cooled in step 1230, and the assembly of waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 is removed. Because of the thinness of waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208, it is typically necessary to supply additional mechanical support to remove the assembly. In one embodiment, a first part of stiffener plate 202 is molded over the top of the waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208, possibly as encapsulation in step 1228. Waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 adhere to encapsulation material molded to form the first part of stiffener plate 202. When the first part of stiffener plate 202 is removed from the mold, waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 are removed also. Because fibers 204 and waveguide core 206 are positioned or formed in grooves in cavity plate 614, the material for forming the first part stiffener plate 202 cannot entirely surround waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208. Stiffener plate 202, therefore, cannot be molded in a single step. After the waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 are removed from cavity plate 614, step 1234 shows that the rest of stiffener plate 202 can be molded onto the assembly or a pre-molded part can be attached, for example, by an adhesive to complete the formation of stiffener plate 202.
Alternatively, waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 can be removed in step 1228 by using a "lift off" process. A first part of a pre-molded stiffener plate 212 having an adhesive applied thereto is contacted with waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208. Alternatively, the stiffener plate can be applied to a partially cured waveguide core, which then is cured during this contact, which provides adhesion. Waveguide core 206, fibers 204, and cladding 208 are then removed from the mold as the stiffener plate is lifted. In step 1234, a second portion of stiffener plate 202 is contacted to the adhesive to form assembly 200 that surrounds the fibers 204. The entire assembly 200, or the waveguide and cladding portion of assembly 200 can be encapsulated in a protective material.
Although stiffener plate 202 is shown as a flat plate with semicircular semi-cylindrical stiffening members 212, the stiffener plate 202 could be formed in any shape. For example, in some embodiments, a stiffener plate could be formed in the shape of a standard connector, such as an MT connector on the end termination point of one or more fibers, which will prepare the fibers to interface with the other mating half of a like connector.
Because of the difference in fiber diameters, assembly 1500 uses a longer waveguide that gradually changes diameter. The fibers 1502 and 1504 are optically coupled through a molded waveguide 1516. Molded tapered waveguide 1500 includes a base plate 1510, reinforcement structures 1512 for providing mechanical strength to base plate 1510, and a molded tapered waveguide core 1516 for guiding the light between fiber 1502 and fiber 1504. A cladding material (not shown) can be molded over waveguide 1516 to improve its light carrying capability and to provide mechanical support and environmental protection to the molded tapered waveguide assembly 1500. A third material (not shown) can also be applied over the cladding material for additional support and protection.
VCSEL assembly 1700 is fabricated in a mold similar to mold 600, with the exception of the cavity plate having a groove for positioning fiber 1714 and holes for positioning VCSEL element 1704 relative to fiber 1714. The cavity plate includes a groove for forming core 1708. Material is forced into the groove and is cured to form waveguide core 1708. Material can be forced into the groove using a blade, such as in a screening process, or using an upper plate such as those shown in
Optionally, VCSEL element can be positioned on a substrate such as a flexible printed circuit board (not shown.) The cavity plate includes cavities to receive the substrate and the substrate becomes part of the molded assembly. Other optical or electrical components can be mounted on the substrate and incorporated into the assembly.
In step 1804, waveguide core material is molded into position between VCSEL element 1704 and fiber 1714. The waveguide core material can be molded using a mold similar to that shown in
In step 1810, electrical connections are made to the VCSEL. For example, if a flexible printed circuit board was included in the assembly, wires may be run from the flexible printed circuit to the VCSEL and be attached by wire bonding or by reflowing solder at the VCSEL connectors. The electrical connections can be made at any time before the terminals are covered. Electrical connections can be made to or between any components or substrates to carry electrical power or data to and from components.
In step 1812, a cladding material is molded onto the waveguide 1708 and optical fiber 1714, thereby binding them together and fixing the alignment between the VCSEL element 1702, optical fiber 1714, and waveguide 1708. The cladding material can be molded using a transfer molding, compression molding process, or other process. The cladding material is cured in step 1814. The cladding may be formed of the same material described with respect to
Optionally, a protective encapsulating material, such as an epoxy resin, is applied in step 1820 to cover the entire VCSEL assembly 1700. The encapsulating material is cured, if necessary, in step 1822. In step 1830, the mold may be cooled to assist in the release of the completed VCSEL assembly 1700.
The embodiments above show connections made to optical fibers. The connections could also be made to ferrules into which optical fibers can be placed, such as precision molded MT or ST ferrules or precision machines ceramic ferrules.
Connecting optical fibers to other fibers or to components is typically expensive because the fiber ends need to be cut at a precise angle, polished to reduce light scattering, and then actively aligned with the component so that the fiber cores line up with the light receiving portion of the connecting component. By molding a waveguide material that matches the index of refraction of the fiber core onto the end of the fiber, the need for polishing the fiber end is eliminated. The mold can be finished to produce a smooth surface on the waveguide so that polishing the molded waveguide is not required. The mold can also create the desired angle onto the end of the molded waveguide. Thus, the invention can be used inexpensively terminate fibers into a readily connected interface. By molding waveguides and connector shapes, the invention can also be used to create sets of assemblies and components that can be readily assembled and connected to each other in any desirable configuration without requiring active alignment or manual fiber terminations.
For example, a precision connector may be molded directly onto the end of an optical fiber. The connector can be formed so as to precisely mate with another optical component without active alignment. Alternatively, a fiber and a connector portion may be placed in a precision mold and a waveguide molded to connect the fiber to the connector portion to form a terminated fiber assembly that precisely mates with other components. Any combination of molded and preformed parts may be used, with the optical connection with the fiber being a molded waveguide.
As another example, the invention can be used to produce a frequency splitting assembly comprising multiple fibers, a grating, and filters, so that light coming into the grating is separated out into different frequencies for each of the connecting fibers. The fibers, filters, and grating can be molded together, along with the waveguides connecting the components. The grating component can be formed with reference surfaces to align with reference surfaces on another component, such as a laser, so that the frequency splitting component can be mixed and matched with various lasers without having to terminate and align each individual fiber.
The invention can be used in a wide variety of applications because the assemblies are rugged, inexpensive to manufacture, and optically efficient because the alignment is precise. It is particularly well suited for use in the following applications: High Bandwidth Parallel and/or WDM (Wave Divisional Multiplex) or DWDM (Dense WDM) Free Space, Fiber Links/Components, High Reliability Telco/Military Transceivers, High-speed digital processing, Micro-Optic Components, and sensors.
The embodiments described above are relatively simple examples of the assemblies that can be made in accordance with the invention. The invention is not limited to the creation of any particular assembly. Skilled persons will recognize that there is virtually no limit to the types and number of electrical and optical components that can be aligned and assembled in accordance with the invention.
The invention can be used to integrate a waveguide structure into a three dimensional structure of optical components. The present invention eliminates the need for active alignment of optical components, thereby greatly reducing cost. It can eliminate the requirement to polish the end of the connecting fiber because waveguide material is index matched to the fiber core material.
The specification above refers to primarily to "assemblies" that include a molded waveguide and a component. The invention can also include a molded waveguide without other components.
The invention has broad applicability and can provide many benefits as shown in the examples above. The embodiments will vary greatly depending upon the specific application, and not every embodiment will provide all of the benefits nor meet all of the objectives that are achievable by the invention.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 28, 1977
|Nov 6, 1979
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
|Molded optical fiber connector
|Nov 12, 1981
|Aug 21, 1984
|Maurice Daniel
|Light dispersive optical lightpipes and method of making the same
|Aug 1, 1984
|May 5, 1987
|Alliance Technique Industrielle
|Method of connecting optical fibers
|May 30, 1989
|May 7, 1991
|Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd.
|Method of producing optical fiber connectors
|Dec 21, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Fabrication of optical couplers
|Jan 17, 1990
|Jul 16, 1991
|Alcatel Na
|Optical fiber electro-optical module
|Jul 31, 1992
|May 3, 1994
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Molding of optical components using optical fibers to form a mold
|Mar 8, 1993
|May 10, 1994
|Microparts Gesellschaft Fur Mikrostrukturtechnik Mbh
|Method of manufacturing devices for optical fiber networks, and devices manufactured thereby
|Sep 3, 1993
|Nov 22, 1994
|Motorola, Inc.
|Optical/electrical connector and method of fabrication
|Jan 7, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|Imm, Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Gmbh
|Method to produce nonlinear optical microcomponents
|Oct 26, 1993
|Feb 14, 1995
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method of fabricating molded optical waveguides
|Dec 4, 1993
|Dec 12, 1995
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method for producing a hybrid integrated optical circuit and device for emitting light waves
|Jan 31, 1995
|Nov 12, 1996
|Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation
|Parallel optical transceiver link
|Apr 4, 1997
|Apr 27, 1999
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Illumination waveguide and method for producing same
|Apr 19, 1999
|Mar 27, 2001
|Gemfire Corporation
|Optically integrating pixel microstructure
|Mar 13, 1998
|Apr 24, 2001
|Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation
|Packaging platform, optical module using the platform, and methods for producing the platform and the module
|Jan 11, 1999
|May 8, 2001
|Lightlogic, Inc.
|Method for constructing an optoelectronic assembly
|Apr 15, 1999
|May 15, 2001
|Method of assembling an optical module
|Aug 27, 1999
|May 22, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Self-aligning method and interlocking assembly for attaching an optoelectronic device to a coupler
|Nov 9, 2000
|Dec 31, 2002
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Method for manufacturing polymer optical waveguide
|Sep 17, 2001
|Aug 19, 2008
|Kenneth Noddings
|Fabrication of optical devices and assemblies
|U.S. Classification
|385/94, 385/73, 264/1.26, 385/88, 385/39, 385/49, 385/92, 264/1.25, 385/83, 385/78, 385/76
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 1, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 21, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 21, 2015
|Surcharge for late payment


text:
Jetpack could not contact WordPress.com: register_http_request_failed. This usually means something is incorrectly configured on your web host. error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none
Using default out-of-the-box vanilla WordPress Bitnami AMI image (for Amazon)
But solved by doing this manually creating the file (open vi and copy paste http://certifie.com/ca-bundle/ca-bundle.crt.txt in it).


text:
Ready to watch this entire course?
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- Overview
- Transcript
- View Offline
- Setting up projects and users on a local network
- Using e-mail-based assignments and Dropbox to manage remote users
- Copyfitting and formatting text
- Using advanced editing tools
- Working with paragraph, character, and table styles
- Tracking changes in InCopy and InDesign
- Creating cross-references and hyperlinks
- Creating InCopy templates
- Combining InCopy with Microsoft Word
- Inserting and formatting images
- Reviewing features specific to InDesign
Skill Level Intermediate
InCopy has a unique feature that you cannot find in InDesign, or even in Microsoft Word, and that is this cool little Copyfit toolbar area right down here. When you click inside of a story, whether or not it's even part of the InCopy workflow, a little toolbar down here will give you a ton of information, right off the bat, and it works regardless of which view you are in. So I've clicked inside of a text frame that is obviously overset because you can see its little Plus symbol indicating there is overset text in this frame. But you can also see it, in fact it will be really hard to miss because you see this big red alert saying, hey! You are over approximately 3 Lines! So there are three more lines of text.
Let's actually zoom in here. I'm pressing Command+Plus a few times. Apparently, there is three more lines of text, the width of this frame, that cannot fit. To the left of this Copyfit Progress Info, you have another toolbar that lists how many lines, words, characters, and the column depth of this text there is. Then to the left of this you have a little bar that tells you how many lines there are in this text frame in this story, how many words, characters, and column depth. Now, it's showing us a zero at this column depth because of the particular kind of alignment of this text frame, but if we click in another text frame, like say this really long story to the left of it, give it a second, you'll see that this one has 217 lines, about 1,400 and change words, a bunch of characters, and it's 221 picas, 5. something points in column depth.
Let's go back to this one, so that we can make it show us that it's overset. And at the very far right of this toolbar, just like at the far right of the most of the toolbars, there is a little Toolbar menu. For this toolbar, you can choose whether or not you should Include the footnotes in the text count statistics. You can also just define how much is a word. Let's go ahead and choose that one. I am a man is actually four words, but if you say count every so many number of characters, you can get a more accurate count that way. And if you're trying to compare this with Adobe InDesign, InDesign counts actual words, which is why it's the default for InCopy, so you can get an agreement between the two. But you can also choose from this little panel menu, Customize, to show more information in that toolbar.
And like, for example, you could choose to get a readout of how much copy, how many words and characters and so on are in a selection of text, if you swipe over some text, or from the beginning of the text to the cursor position, or from the cursor position to the end. All right, the Progress bar is this over here on the right, and the Whole Story is this over here on the left, Copyfit Info. So let's go ahead and turn on Selection. And now you see we have this little icon right here, showing A and B selected, and C isn't. So if I selected some text, like Plant diversity, give it a second, and it'll tell us that this is 1 line, 2 words, 15 characters, and 1 pica in depth.
Now, you may be noticing that as I click inside this long story to the left and to the right, it's telling us that we are underset. So this one is overset. It turns the Copyfit Progress red when you're overset. It turns blue when you are underset, and it gives you a count of lines. So how can it say that we're underset? Let's zoom out a bit. We can see the text goes all the way to the end, so how was that underset? Well actually this is a story that is threaded among multiple frames. I'm going to press Command+A or Ctrl+A to select all the text and then press Command+Minus or Ctrl+Minus to zoom out.
And we'll see the very end of the text is here. Let's zoom in again. Apparently, there is one more line of text that can fit here. So let's go ahead and add some more text. So what's happening is that this picture has had text wrap applied in InDesign, meaning it is causing the text to be pushed out of the way, which is what you want. What this is telling you as far as overset, and underset, and copyfit in general is concerned, it has to do with how many lines of text in that current format can fit in the frame, unless you have something else impinging at the bottom of the frame, such as a picture or another object that's causing the text to be pushed away, what's called applying text wrap in InDesign.
The idea is that you want your stories to all be perfectly copyfit. So if I deleted two lines, like let's just try deleting those two lines, when it's perfectly copyfit it turns a happy green. Isn't that nice? This copyfit progress bar actually works in any view that you're in. So if was in Story view, and I clicked inside of a Story, you just have to give it a second, and you'll see the word counts and character counts appear, because it can't tell you many lines of the column depth because we're in Story view, and those concepts don't apply, but it can also tell you if it's fitting or if it's underset.
So all these are perfectly copyfit, as I'm clicking inside the Stories, but this story looks like it's overset, but the only thing that's causing it to be overset is this non-printing character, the chevrons are show paragraph break marks. And this number symbol it only appears if you're looking at hidden characters. Remember, you turn on and turn off a little paragraph symbol at the top. That just means there is no more text in this story. So you don't get false readings, you know, where it says that you overset, and actually you don't have any characters overset, which is a good thing. So what happens if you are overset, and you actually don't want to delete any text? What can you do? Well, remember you cannot change the frame size; you can't make this deeper to fit.
All you can do is edit to fit, or you could be evil about it, and you could select all the text and make it smaller, like a smaller typeface to get it to fit. That's normally not something you'd want. Instead, in the real world, is that you'd probably just ask the designer to make this a deeper or larger text frame, and then you could refresh the design to update the design and then be able to fit the rest of your text. The point is, regardless of which view you're working on in InCopy, the Copyfit Progress Info toolbar is a great help.


text:
Definition of brinny in English:
noun (plural brinnies)Australian
A stone, typically one thrown as a missile.
Example sentences
- It went against all preconceptions of the religion when rival factions pelted each other with brinnies.
1940s: probably from an Aboriginal language.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: brinny
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
Hi all,
I've read the Duster sidebar width is 187 pixels, and the showcase sidebar width is 188 pixels.
I am trying to use the widget called Buy This Book by Claire Ryan. The widget requires an image to be the exact width of the sidebar. I've tried both 187 and 188 pixels but the image will not load. The precise size of each was square, or 187x187 and 188x188.
The website is http://www.tanyathompsonbooks.com/
If anyone could tell me either what the exact width of my sidebar is, or a way to find it, I would be incredibly grateful.
Thanks so much,