text:
By following these procedures, you will have the information you need to get started with IBM® Rational® ClearQuest®. The information does not cover technicalities and nuances of using IBM® DB2® as a database management system other than to tell you how to install and configure it with two empty databases.
If you have experience installing DB2 on Microsoft® Windows® based servers, you might find that installing and configuring it on UNIX® operating systems is somewhat challenging. After you use these steps to install DB2 on UNIX, you might also use what you learn in this scenario as a supplement for installing other tools for the first time on UNIX operating systems.
Prepare the operating system for installation
In Rational ClearQuest versions 7.1.2 and higher, DB2 (Restricted Enterprise Edition) is included, which means if you want to use DB2 as the backend database for your change and configuration environment, you do not have to purchase separate licenses. For more information about support and prerequisites for both tools, see the resources section of this article.
To install DB2, you need three unique user IDs and corresponding groups to administer the DB2 instance and set up the application. Create these IDs on the operating system of the machine that is your database server. To choose ID names, consider the following example: Use "db2inst" for the instance owner ID, "db2fenc" for the fenced user ID, "dasusr" for the DB2 Administration Server (DAS) user ID.
You must also create 3 different groups to correspond to each ID. To create the groups, log in as root and run the following commands. Note that the IDs and groups in these commands are examples. You can use naming conventions that appropriate for your project or organization.
> groupadd -g 500 db2grp
> groupadd -g 501 db2fgrp
> groupadd -g 502 dasadm
> useradd -u 100 -g db2grp -d /home/db2inst1 -s /bin/sh -p db2inst db2inst
> useradd -u 101 -g db2fgrp -d /home/db2fenc1 -s /bin/sh -p db2fenc db2fenc
> useradd -u 102 -g dasadm -d /home/dasusr1 -s /bin/sh -p dasusr dasus
After you create the user IDs and groups, you must set the passwords for each ID and create their respective home directories. You might need help from your system administration team to make these changes.
To reset the passwords, you must run the "passwd" command. To change the password for the db2inst ID:
- Log on as the root user.
- Enter the following command:
passwd db2inst
- Repeat these steps to set up the passwords for the remaining two user accounts, "db2fenc" and "dasusr".
To create home directories:
- Log on as the root user.
- Enter the following commands:
- > mkdir –p /home/db2inst
- > chmod 755 /home/db2inst
- chown db2inst:db2grp /home/db2inst
- Repeat these steps to create directories for the "db2fenc" and "dasusr" IDs.
Since the default installation location for DB2 is the /opt directory, make sure you have enough space to install DB2. Start by allocating 5 GB of space for the /opt directory on your database server.
Install and configure DB2
To install DB2 on UNIX operating systems, you must be logged in as the root user. Copy the DB2 installer to the machine that is your database server.
Run the db2_install script to start the DB2 installation. The utility are available in the /root/desktop/mnt directory. This directory might be different according to your environment.
Figure 1. Start the DB2 installation
The script pauses for you to enter the installation location. If you want to use the default installation location, /opt/ibm/db2/V9.5, you can choose "no" as shown in the following figure.
Figure 2. Enter the installation location for DB2
In figure 2, we chose WSE as the installation type since those are the files that we used for installation. If you use the Enterprise Installation CD to install DB2, ESE will be available as one of the options.
After you complete the installation successfully, the following output is displayed:
Figure 3. Completed DB2 installation
Now you must create the DB2 instance and set some necessary parameters.
Because it is a relational database management system, you must set certain kernel parameters to work with the operating system. To see the kernel parameters requirements run the db2osconf command as the root user to show the current value of required kernel parameters and their expected value.
The output is similar to what you see in figure 4.
Figure 4. Output from the db2osconf command
Create the DB2 instance
After you install DB2 successfully and set the kernel parameters, you must create the DB2 instance for the databases in your change and configuration management tool. Use the utility db2icrt to create the instance. Log on with the instance user ID that you previously created.
The db2icrt utility is available in the installation directory. If you used the default installation directory, then the path is /opt/ibm/db2/V9.5/instance
Figure 5. Creating the DB2 instance
After you create the instance, log in as the owner (For example "db2inst"), and then perform following tasks:
- Set the "SVCENAME" parameter, which determines the port used for the DB2 database manager service.
In figure 6, we used port 40000 for the database manager service which is the default port. If you want to use another port, change it here.
Figure 6. Updating the port information
- Set the default communication to TCP/IP.
Figure 7. Setting up the DB2 communication protocol
- Restart the database manager.
NOTE: The database manager must be restarted while being logged on as the instance owner. If you are logged on as the root user, you will not be able to restart the database manager instance.
Figure 8. Restarting DB2
Create empty databases
In the change and configuration management tool, you must create two repositories, a schema repository and a user database; therefore, you must create two empty databases in your DB2 instance.
Figure 9. Creating an empty database in DB2
Log on as the instance owner to the database server where DB2 is installed, and run the following commands:
- Connect to the database by running the connect command.
Figure 10. Connecting to the databases
- Create the buffer pool and tablespace for the database.
Figure 11. Creating the buffer pool
Figure 12. Creating the tablespace
Repeat these steps to create a second empty database.
When you have your two empty databases in DB2, you can then create the schema repository and user databases in Rational ClearQuest.
Test the connection between the database and the client
Before you create the schema repository, validate the connection to the database instance by using the pdsql utility available in Rational ClearQuest.
> pdsql -v db2 –s <database server ip / hostname> -db <database-name> -u db2inst –p db2inst
If this command runs successfully, it means the database is accessible from the change and configuration management client where you are creating the schema repository.
When you create the schema repository, choose "DB2" as the database vendor and "db2inst" as the instance owner. For information about how to create the schema repository and user database, see the resources section of this article.
In this article, you learned how to install DB2 through the command line. You also learned how to create a DB2 instance with empty databases and configure them to use with Rational ClearQuest. Finally, you learned how to test the connection between the database and the client machine by using the pdsql utility.
- Review this technote for more details about supported versions of Rational ClearQuest.
- See platform-specific prerequisites for DB2 in the system requirements.
- Article: Configuring ClearQuest to use DB2 as your backend RDBMS
- Visit the Rational software area on developerWorks for technical resources and best practices for Rational Software Delivery Platform products.
- Stay current with developerWorks technical events and webcasts focused on a variety of IBM
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- Attend a free developerWorks Live! briefing to get up-to-speed quickly on IBM products and tools, as well as IT industry trends.
- Watch developerWorks on-demand demos, ranging from product installation and setup demos for beginners to advanced functionality for experienced developers.
- Improve your skills. Check the Rational training and certification catalog, which includes many types of courses on a wide range of topics. You can take some of them anywhere, any time, and many of the "Getting Started" ones are free.
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text:
—While the prevalence of cholera in Egypt and India is decreasing, and the danger of outbreaks of yellow fever in our Southern and Southeastern ports daily diminishing for the present season, a marked increase in the prevalence of typhoid fever is taking place in New York city and its suburbs, as well as in many other cities and sections of the country. The Sanitary Superintendent of that city states that up to the 1st of September of the present year there had occurred 539 cases of the fever, while for the same period of 1882 the number was only 304. No satisfactory explanation has yet been given concerning the cause or causes giving rise to the increase of typhoid fever in New York city or its vicinity.
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text:
Hello and thanks for nice work on this.
What I try to do is link a gallery/album from a single image on a page. I need to display many images (lot screen shots) and 20+ thumbs will look bad.
Is it possible to limit/choose which thumb to have on the page or load the gallery-lightbox view on any image or textlink?


text:
Hi Camu.
I've just started using your plugin and I'm really impressed with it. I have one request though - can you add a rel='nofollow' attribute to the 'subscribe without commenting' links.
I've just noticed on my webmaster tools account that Google has been following the subscribe links to the 'manage subscriptions' pages, and suddenly every post on my site is generating a crawl error.
Your plugin isn't actually responsible for the crawl error - it's WordPress SEO, which I know you've had problems with before. WordPress SEO is misinterpreting your permalink structure and generating a false rel="canonical" link for the page which Google is then trying to follow.
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text:
We are again mentioned in "Kleine Zeitung" as one of the top export companies in carinthia. We are very proud of delivering our products in more than 90 countries in the world.
Infrastructure, Traffic management, Safety, Parking and Smart Mobility - this were the main areas on the Intertraffic Amsterdam 2016, which took place this year from the 5th to the 8th of April.
More than 800 exhibitors presented themselves, as well as their products, novelties and services to more than 27.000 visitors from all over the world. The high number of visitors became also noticeable with us - numerous customers, prospective customers, business partners and friends have visited us on our excellent designed and organised exhibition stand.
One of the highlights of our presence was the presentation of our new and innovative product - the Traffic Cone Management System "X-Cone" for the setting out and collection of traffic cones fully automatically. This system attracted big attention to itself and got us into conversations with many prospective customers.
We want to say thank you to all visitors of our exhibition stand on the Intertraffic Amsterdam, which have made our appearance so interesting and amusing!
The "Ab Hof - special exhibition for rural direct marketers" in Wieselburg - the most important meeting place for end users, traders and exhibitors of all products around direct marketing.
Also in 2016, the Franz Janschitz Ges.m.b.H was again one of about 300 exhibitors, whom about 35.000 visitors could see on this exhibition.
We presented a huge range of products for milk and meat processing, pasture fencing as well as a lot of other articles all around the farm.
We want to thank all visitors of our stand at the exhibition and for the big interest in our products! The next "Ab Hof exhibition" in 2018 is already marked in our calenders.
In 2015 the municipal fair took place from the 09.09.2015 to the 11.09.2015 in Vienna. This year the Franz Janschitz Ges.m.b.H. was represent on this fair for the first time. At our stand the visitors could find a small selection of our products all around city design. They also could get information about our company and further products with our qualified employees.
We were able to collect new impressions, to have good inspiring conversations, to establish many new contacts and to strengthen existing business relations. A big thank-you to all visitors - we are already looking forward to the following projects and orders.
Like every second year, the biggest municipal fair of Austria took place on the 22nd and 23rd of April in Wels. Also this year our team was represented with a stand on this exhibition.
Although the fair was visited rather weakly, in comparison to last year, we were glad about the visit of many customers and interested people from all parts of Austria. We could maintain existing contacts and friendships as well as meet new potential customers.
We also provided a catering for our guests. Good carinthian snacks and a cool Hirter beer - this culinary pleasure expected everybody who visited us.
We again take part in 2017 and are already looking forward to the visit of our business partners, customers and friends.


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Date: 1944
Description: The original photograph caption reads, "Carl Mott, research engineer in International Harvester Company's farm engineering machinery department in Chicago,...
Date: 1917 ca.
Description: Edward A. Birge and Chancey Juday with plankton trap in Lake Mendota. From album of photographs relating to the research in limnology conducted at Trout La...
Date: 1953-03-09
Description: University President E.B. Fred and former governor Oscar Rennebohm pose in front of the first Rennebohm Drug Store in the 1300 block of University Avenue....
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Description: University of Wisconsin football player Gene Melvin weighs in at 163 pounds and is the lightest player on the 1956 team. At right is Wisconsin State Journa...
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text:
Hi All,
Wondering if someone can help me: got a job where I need to change a clients email address on their WP site. Only trouble is its encrypted in javascript to protect from robots as part of the theme.
I could sort of guess which bits of the string need to be changed but can anyone help me with an easier way? Thanks


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 2010
|Filing date
|Jan 19, 2005
|Priority date
|Jan 20, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jeremy Bicknell
|Original Assignee
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (8), Classifications (12), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This patent application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/537,497 filed Jan. 20, 2004 titled "Switching, Merging, and Demerging Data between a Physical Media Interface and a Media Access Controller", which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention pertains to communications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for switching, merging, and demerging data between data communication locations.
Communications is involved with the transfer of data. Data that is in a digital format often needs to be manipulated to achieve effective communication. The manipulation of data is often performed via operations. Some such operations are switching of data, merging of data, and demerging data. These operations may be performed at different physical and/or logical locations. For example, these locations may be, but are not limited to, a physical media interface, a media access controller (MAC), a datalink controller, network search engine, traffic manager. These are but examples of locations for digital format manipulation operations.
Three of the existing approaches for the switching and multiplexing of data between a Physical Media Interface and a Media Access Controller (MAC) are:
1. Direct connection between a Media Interface and a MAC;
2. Direct connection between a Media interface and a packet switch with integrated MAC function; and
3. Serialization and deserialization (bit interleaving) or byte interleaving of data between a Media Interface and a backplane.
These three are illustrated in
The invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
Referring back to
For a demerge operation (SPI-4 to GMII demerge), data received at a SPI-4 ingress port is transferred to a frame buffer. Receipt of a Start of Packet control word causes a frame buffer to be created and optionally immediate transmission of the data at the Gigabit interface. Alternatively, transmission of the frame buffer may be stalled until an End of Packet control word is received at the SPI-4 interface or an error is reported. On receiving an errored packet indication the frame buffer contents are optionally discarded and the error reported to the Gigabit interface egress, or the frame is discarded without indication of error, known as silent discard to those practiced in the area of art of the present invention.
For a SPI-4 to SPI-4 transfer, data received at a SPI-4 ingress port is firstly transferred to a small FIFO. Receipt of a Start of Packet control word causes a data buffer to be created and the data to secondly be transferred to a large segmented buffer and be queued as a result of a queuing operation for transmission at the SPI-4 egress. The queuing operation may require the implementation of linked lists, manipulation of pointers and other implementations known to those skilled in the area of art of the present invention. If a SPI-4 ingress control word indicates an error, the bridge optionally discards the data. Alternatively the data may be transferred to the SPI-4 egress interface queue and marked as an errored packet. All error free data and errored data marked for transfer are transferred to the SPI-4 egress queue. When internal scheduling and external control signals determine that data is to be transmitted over the SPI-4 egress, a SPI-4 egress control word is generated to indicate start of packet and transfer of the data begins. Remaining data is held in the queue for later transmission. When an end of packet is received at a SPI-4 ingress, an egress control word is generated in turn at the SPI-4 egress when the packet data transfer is complete. Data is transmitted on each of the N logical ports of the SPI-4 egress interface in a round-robin fashion, corresponding to the N logical ingress ports mapped to the egress ports.
In one embodiment of the invention, a SPI-4 to SPI-4 versus GMII to SPI-4 (Merge) transfer issue may arise. Since a SPI-4 egress may be configured to receive data from a SPI-4 ingress and any Gigabit ingress, a scheduling issue arises. A fixed priority (round robin) is maintained between Gigabit ingress ports. A SPI-4 ingress port may be configured to have lower or higher priority than a Gigabit ingress port. The default is for the SPI-4 ingress data to have higher priority over the Gigabit ingress port. A higher priority for SPI-4 ingress data is usually required in order to guarantee transfer of control frames from a control processor across the backplane. The scheduling mechanism may use a control input signal comprising calendar entries, weighted internal signals, backpressure signals and other signals.
In one embodiment of the invention, a full set of performance monitoring counters may be provided at all interfaces. Additionally, any or all of the interfaces may be independently disabled.
In one embodiment of the invention flow control is available. For SPI-4 transfers, flow control is defined in the OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) standard. The Gigabit interface is not generally considered to provide flow control mechanisms although the transmission and reception of "PAUSE" frames as described in the standards is supported. During normal operation a bridge created from a Gigabit ingress to SPI-4 "span" together with SPI-4 to Gigabit egress span is transparent to standard flow control mechanisms such as Pause Frames to be passed over the bridge. Should a data sink attached to the SPI-4 egress not sufficiently deplete data accumulated in the Gigabit frame buffer, a frame buffer overflow may result. Existing frames may be optionally discarded from the frame buffer (partial flush) prior to overflow. New frames arriving at the Gigabit interface may be forwarded to the SPI-4 egress should the data sink attached to the SPI-4 resume operation at an acceptable rate. In other embodiments of the invention, other flow control mechanisms are possible.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, a circuit board may be connected via SPI-4 interfaces on a backplane to a switch device comprised of a logical port Map and an embedded MAC.
401 illustrates one embodiment of the invention as might be implemented on a line card. 402 illustrates one embodiment of the invention as might be implemented using a control processor. 403 illustrates one embodiment of the invention as might be implemented using a network processor. 404 illustrates another embodiment of the invention as might be implemented using a network processor and a SPI-3 to SPI-4 device (denoted 82P8342/4).
What is to be appreciated is the PHY frame level bridging across a backplane between the PHY and the MAC; the scheduling and prioritization stage between the PHY data and backplane data; the use of logical channels in the Backplane to separate the PHY ports; the buffering mechanism provided between bridge devices that removes the need for flow control of the PHY data; and the combination of these. Additionally, the encapsulation of PHY frames from a backplane using an embedded MAC will be appreciated.
In this embodiment, the main SPI-4 would have its LP address fixed to a single LP for all transfers. Packet transfers are scheduled round robin between LIDs, and a tag (16 bit) is inserted just after the SOP control word at SPI-4M egress. In the SPI-4M ingress, the same type of tag that has been inserted by the NPU is detected just after the SOP control word, removed, and used instead of the LP# to transfer a whole packet to the correct LID.
In one embodiment of the invention, the following functions are supported:
1. Add Tag
2. Detect tag
3. Delete Tag
5. LID to Tag map (Ingress to add tag Egress data transfer)
A tag may be detected, deleted, and added on the same data flow that consists of ingress logical port, LID and egress logical port. Note that this has the effect of modifying the tag between ingress and egress.
By mapping all possible tag values to LIDs, it is possible for a data source to determine routing dynamically on a per packet basis among SPI-4 physical and logical ports by providing a different tag value on each ingress packet.
In one embodiment of the invention, in cut-through mode, the same tag value must be used for each packet directed to the same egress physical and logical port. Packet tag position in cut-through mode is illustrated in
In one embodiment of the invention, in packet mode, different tag values can be used for each packet directed to the same egress physical and logical port. Packet tag position in packet mode is illustrated in
In one embodiment of the invention, the tag value TAG_PORT may have any value in the range 0 to 255. The maximum number of different tag value entries in the LID mapping table is 128 for SPI-4M LID tables (main SPI-4) and 64 for each of SPI-4A and SPI-4B (tributary SPI-4) LID mapping tables. Note that for compatibility with future uses of the tag feature, the data source should be able to prepend a tag per packet having any 16-bit value.
In various embodiments of the present invention, bridging and switching capabilities between varieties of protocols is possible.
In various embodiments the present invention provides a flexible network infrastructure. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention aggregation of virtual connections as well as aggregation of SPI-4 ports is possible. The present invention also provides for "virtual channelization" of a 10 Gbps clear channel and allows for better utilization of limited SPI-4 ports on an NPU.
In one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to extend the packet exchange architecture to comprise clear channel 10 Gbps interfaces. This allows channel density per line card to match a new generation of SONET/SDH (synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy) framers. Additionally, further cost reductions in the future are possible by eliminating the NPU and/or the traffic manager from the line card and by placing these functions at a central location. The present invention in one embodiment, provides links for multi-chip, multi-board, multi-chassis systems based on 10 Gbps SPI-4 links. By offering a serial interface, in one embodiment, the present invention facilitates physical connections chip-to-chip, 20-40 in. using FR4 (fenolic resin four) PCB traces+connectors and CX-4 (copper ten gigabit four) interconnect cables.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in several figures as a X-SPI device, the present invention has applications in such areas as Ethernet line cards used in switches and routers, for SONET or optical transport networks (OTN), GigE switch/routers, etc. As illustrated the present invention can drive a lower cost per system-port, it facilitates use of high oversubscription techniques (4:1, 8:1), can yield higher channel density per line card, and can fully utilize NPUs, switch fabrics, chassis space, etc.
Various embodiments of the present invention support different functionality. For example, in one embodiment having SPI-4-to-SPI-4 data paths there may be two independent bidirectional SPI-4 interfaces. Other embodiments may include, but are not limited to, 2�SPI-4+10 Gbps clear channel serial interface, SPI-4 to 2�10 Gbps clear channel serial interface with redundancy, SPI-4 to SPI-4 logical port merging/demerging, etc. Additionally, other options are possible, for example, loop back and redirect paths, hardware API for control, fully programmable 10 Gbps 128 bit look ups for any standard or proprietary tag or MTU header. Additionally, the clear channel packet exchange may be used for multi-chip, multi-board, multi-chassis systems based on 10 Gbps SPI-4 links. These can be designed to complete data paths between NPUs, CoPUs, ASICs, PHYs, FPGAs, multi-Qs, other SPI Exchanges, connectors, FR4 PCB traces and CX-4 interconnect cables.
In one embodiment of the present invention several operations may be used. For example, packet tag or MTU header lookups may be used to create and detect virtual ports within a clear channel. This provides a CAM (content addressable memory)-like function of up to 256 virtual ports. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention may merge or de-merge SPI-4 logical ports using virtual ports, and may add or modify tags or headers in addition to the SPI-4 standard.
In one embodiment the present invention allows bandwidth to be aggregated to higher system rates. For example, aggregation to 10 G Ethernet within a system. Additionally, the present invention supports n>10 G and other requirements. The present invention supports flexible system architectures, provides connectivity and reachability for real-time and multimedia traffic, flexible control of processing resources by supporting multiple protocols and data rates, supports implementation of standards-based interfaces for easy component integration, and provides minimized delay, jitter and data loss.
In one embodiment of the present invention aggregation and backpressure bottleneck problems between the switch fabric and the line are reduced. In another embodiment the present invention performs wire-speed memory intensive tasks thus off-loading NPU (network processor unit)/CPU (central processor unit) processing. One detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention is detailed below. For discussion sake, the embodiment of the present invention in the form of a physical part is described and a part number 8480 denotes the part.
Standard Interfaces
Performance Monitoring Counters
Some applications for this part are: Ethernet transport, Security firewalls, SONET/SDH or PDH (plesiochronous digital hierarchy) packet transport line cards, Broadband aggregation, Multi-service switches, IP services equipment, etc.
The 8480 is a clear channel SPI-4 Exchange device. The 8480 uses a SPI-4 implementation and packet fragment processor (PFP) design. The 8480 suits applications where SPI-4 is used as a common aggregation interface for system applications having either Sonet/SDH or PDH network interfaces or Ethernet used as a switching or packet transport medium. The Packet Fragment Processor based design is suited to designs that have relatively slow backpressure response times due to bursty traffic aggregation.
The data on each interface logical port (LP) are first mapped to one or more virtual ports that are further mapped to a logical identifier (LID). A data flow between virtual or logical port addresses on the various interfaces is accomplished using LID maps that can be dynamically reconfigured. The device enables data transfer and flow control management between network processors, physical or link later devices, switch fabric interfaces, traffic managers and co-processors. The device supports a maximum of 256 logical or virtual ports.
The 8480 device is a SPI exchange device intended for use in Ethernet switches and routers, security firewalls, and session management equipment. The Optical Interworking Forum defines the SPI-4 interfaces. The device can be used to provide flow control management functions such as rate adaptation, switching and aggregation between network processor units, framers and PHYs, and switch fabric interface devices.
Data Path Overview
In normal operation, there are three bidirectional data paths through the 8480. They are the SPI-4 tributary A to main SPI-4 data path, the SPI-4 tributary B to main SPI-4 data path and the SPI-4 tributary A to SPI-4 tributary B data path.
SPI-4A to SPI-M Data Path
Data enter in bursts on a SPI-4 A interface and are received by the SPI-4 interface block. A reverse lookup of the first 128 bits after the SPI-4 SOP control word is performed and the bursts are mapped to a virtual port identifier (VID). If no match is found the bursts are optionally copied to a wildcard virtual port or dropped. A second mapping maps the virtual port identifier (VID) to a SPI-4M egress logical Identifier (LID). A third mapping maps the LID to a SPI-4M egress address. The burst is copied into memory of the PFP until the SPI-4M egress scheduler determines that the data are to be transferred to the SPI-4M egress interface. An optional 16 or 32 bit tag may be pre-pended to the burst stored in the PFP. The tag may have any programmable value per VID.
In the SPI-M to SPI-4A path, data enter in bursts on a SPI-4M interface and are received by the SPI-4 interface block. A reverse lookup of the first 128 bits after the SPI-4 SOP control word is performed and the bursts are mapped to a virtual port identifier (VID). If no match is found the bursts are optionally copied to a wildcard virtual port or dropped. A second mapping maps the virtual port identifier (VID) to an egress logical Identifier (LID). A third mapping maps the LID to a SPI-4A egress address. The burst is copied into memory of the PFP until the SPI-4A egress scheduler determines that the data are to be transferred to the SPI-4A egress interface. An optional 16 or 32 bit tag may be pre-pended to the burst in the PFP. The tag may have any programmable value per VID.
Correct mapping of a SPI-4A logical port to a SPI-M logical port is achieved using fixed mapping tables that may be dynamically reconfigured. Any configured data path consisting of SPI-4 ingress LP, Virtual Port ID, Logical ID and SPI-4 egress LP may be reconfigured, activated or deactivated in each direction without any affect on other remaining data paths.
SPI-4B to SPI-4AM Data Path
This data path is similar to the SPI-4A to SPI-4M data path described above.
SPI-4A to SPI-4B Data Path
This data path is similar to the SPI-4A to SPI-4M data path described above except that the egress of the SPI-4A PFP is redirected per LID to an ingress VID of the SPI-4B PFP. Similarly the egress of the SPI-4B PFP is redirected per LID to an ingress VID of the SPI-4A PFP.
In addition to the datapaths described above, there are additional datapaths between the SPI-4 ports, and the microprocessor. the SPI-4 A, SPI-4 B and SPI-4M interfaces have the ability to perform a per-IP loopback. In addition, the SPI-4 interface can be configured to transfer packet bursts or optionally complete packets on a per-IP basis.
External Interfaces
The external interfaces provided on the 8480 device are three SPI-4 interfaces, four high speed memory interfaces, a pin-selectable serial or parallel microprocessor interface, a JTAG interface, and five general purpose input or output (GPIO) pins. The following information contains a set of the highlights of the features supported from the relevant standards, and a description of additional features implemented to enhance the usability of these interfaces for the system architect.
SPI-4 Interface
Microprocessor Interface
Five GPIO signals are provided. Each signal may be independently defined as an input or an output pin.
The GPIO interface allows flexible use of the GPIO pins. The following can be defined per GPIO pin:
Thus a method and apparatus for switching, merging, and demerging data between data communication locations have been described.
Referring back to
Referring back to
For purposes of discussing and understanding the invention, it is to be understood that various terms are used by those knowledgeable in the art to describe techniques and approaches. Furthermore, in the description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be evident, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, electrical, and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Some portions of the description may be presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on, for example, data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others of ordinary skill in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of acts leading to a desired result. The acts are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, can refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.
An apparatus for performing the operations herein can implement the present invention. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer, selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks, compact disk-read only memories (CD-ROMs), and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically programmable read-only memories (EPROM)s, electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), FLASH memories, magnetic or optical cards, etc., or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions either local to the computer or remote to the computer.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method. For example, any of the methods according to the present invention can be implemented in hard-wired circuitry, by programming a general-purpose processor, or by any combination of hardware and software. One of ordinary skill in the art will immediately appreciate that the invention can be practiced with computer system configurations other than those described, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, digital signal processing (DSP) devices, set top boxes, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network.
The methods of the invention may be implemented using computer software. If written in a programming language conforming to a recognized standard, sequences of instructions designed to implement the methods can be compiled for execution on a variety of hardware platforms and for interface to a variety of operating systems. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, it is common in the art to speak of software, in one form or another (e.g., program, procedure, application, driver, . . . ), as taking an action or causing a result. Such expressions are merely a shorthand way of saying that execution of the software by a computer causes the processor of the computer to perform an action or produce a result.
It is to be understood that various terms and techniques are used by those knowledgeable in the art to describe communications, protocols, applications, implementations, mechanisms, etc. One such technique is the description of an implementation of a technique in terms of an algorithm or mathematical expression. That is, while the technique may be, for example, implemented as executing code on a computer, the expression of that technique may be more aptly and succinctly conveyed and communicated as a formula, algorithm, or mathematical expression. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize a block denoting A+B=C as an additive function whose implementation in hardware and/or software would take two inputs (A and B) and produce a summation output (C). Thus, the use of formula, algorithm, or mathematical expression as descriptions is to be understood as having a physical embodiment in at least hardware and/or software (such as a computer system in which the techniques of the present invention may be practiced as well as implemented as an embodiment).
A machine-readable medium is understood to include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
As used in this description, "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or similar phrases means that the feature(s) being described are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. References to "one embodiment" in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment; however, neither are such embodiments mutually exclusive. Nor does "one embodiment" imply that there is but a single embodiment of the invention. For example, a feature, structure, act, etc. described in "one embodiment" may also be included in other embodiments. Thus, the invention may include a variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.
Thus a method and apparatus for switching, merging, and demerging data between data communication locations have been described.
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Owner name: INTERGRATED DEVICE TECHNOLOGY, INC.,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BICKNELL, JEREMY;REEL/FRAME:016224/0089
Effective date: 20050119
|Sep 18, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
- Report: #922728
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: United Parcel Service
United Parcel Service7440 Santa Fe Drive Hodgkin's, Illinois United States of America
United Parcel Service UPS Workers-comp Hodgkin's, Illinois
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My name is Dominick and I have been a victim of medical malpractice. Ive had to have four surgeries by 3 different doctors on my neck and I am in pain every day. I had fallen at work back in 2008, went to the company clinic, complained to the Dr. about numbness in my right leg and right arm and pain in my back and my neck. Dr. took x-rays of my back and informed me nothing was wrong. I had fallen on the cement floor flat on the right side of my back. I continued to have pain in my back & neck and numbness in my right arm and right leg, but I kept working, as the doctor said there was nothing wrong. I fell again at work in 2009, head first into a cement wall, resulting in these aforementioned surgeries on my neck.
I hired an attorney, Michael Higgins, informing him of the 2008 injury and I wanted to file a claim. He informed me he did file a claim. I ended up firing Mr. Higgins and hired another attorney, Dina Ninfo, in June 2011. This is when I found out that Mr. Higgins did not file any claims from 2008, only 2009.
I went to my family Dr., Dr. Denis OConnell, complaining about the pain in my back. Dr. OConnell sent me for an MRI, which was submitted under my wifes insurance, since Liberty Mutual would not agree to pay. Dr. OConnell did not see what could be causing my pain, so he referred me to Dr. Drake. Dr. Drake took x-rays of my back and also my hips. My hips are where he saw a problem and so he referred me to his colleague, Dr. Kuesis. Dr. Kuesis ordered an MRA, which showed I have a piece of bone floating around in my hip, which was from an old fracture.
Liberty Mutual refuses to authorize surgery for my hip, as there is no proof that I injured my hip when I fell at work in 2008, as stated above. I informed my new attorney, Ms. Ninfo, that I wanted to file the 2008 claim, but she refused to file. As you will read in my document, I highlighted all the points of interest. Im in pain every day. I just cant take it anymore. Dr. OConnell also had referred me to the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota and they accepted me. I informed Ms. Ninfo that I was accepted to the Mayo Clinic. Her statement to me was, oh, Ill have to update them on your file. A week later I received a letter from the
Mayo Clinic that I was rejected. I contacted the Mayo Clinic again today, July 2, 2012 to see if they would accept me for my hip surgery. I asked them if the bone floating in my hip could be analyzed to find out if it could have been caused during my fall in 2008. She did not know, but said I would have to ask the doctor.
I plea for a Federal investigation into why the attorneys would not submit a claim for my 2008 fall and why they and Liberty
Mutual are preventing me from getting to the bottom of what has caused all my pain. What type of corruption are they
covering up?
I think all the doctors were thinking that I was trying to put in a false claim because the X-rays of my neck, and my back did not show anything that was wrong! But they didnt think of my right side pelvis or my side hip and numbness in my right leg and right arm or they knew about it and were trying to cover it all up!
Ill tell you something, I Dominick, never told a lie in all my life. Because if you tell a lie, you have to live a lie and I dont live like that.
Dominick Perino
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 08/05/2012 08:51 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/United-Parcel-Service/Hodgkins-Illinois-60445/United-Parcel-Service-UPS-Workers-comp-Hodgkins-Illinois-922728. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
- Report: #221316
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: WMC Direct Mortgage
WMC Direct Mortgage1 Ramland Rd Orangeburg, New York United States of America
WMC Direct Mortgage Matt Donohue Paul Carfello, Bill Conolog dishonest fraud to borrowers and racist to employees Orangeburg New York
*Consumer Comment: Is it any wonder that this company has folded?
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: Pizzolorusso speaks out - more of the truth!!
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: WMC was an awful experience
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: Shame on you Julietta
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: Juliet Agranoff - former Human Resources Manager WMC Orangeburg responds
*UPDATE Employee: This is not right
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Speaking of big racists the other ones at WMC is Paul Carfello and Bill Conolog. How many times has they said he is sick of the line of (((REDACTED FOUL LANGUAGE))) waiting outside his office to tell him bull about what they make up in the files. Sit by Paul and Bill in the lunch room and you can her how much bad things they say about the blacks and women also, which ones have nice t**s and a*s. And they only help you and sign files if you buy them dinner at expensive restaurant and buy them gifts. If you don't they wont help you. Paul always have his door closed when he see a black person waiting. He never hire a black person in his department until a few months ago. The freak who run human resources Juliette is another racist. She got Amy on Pizzorusso team fired for nothing. Be careful when you go in her office she have a hidden voice recorder and records what you say then plays it back to human resource in California when they want to get rid of you. Dont ever trust Juliette and say anything to her behind a closed door because it gets recorded on tape. Then if you do the other girl who work in Human resources Abby go around the office telling people everyones private business.
If you are black at WMC forget having any future. Those devils are gonna get in your way trust all of the people that it already happens to. These people will leave you waiting outside the office while they joke around for bull and if you are black or minority you will never get help. And then dont complain because then you get fired.
Tom orangeburg, New York
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/19/2006 10:46 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/WMC-Direct-Mortgage/Orangeburg-New-York-10962/WMC-Direct-Mortgage-Matt-Donohue-Paul-Carfello-Bill-Conolog-dishonest-fraud-to-borrowers-221316. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 Consumer Comment
Is it any wonder that this company has folded?
AUTHOR: KevinVan - (Canada)
SUBMITTED: Sunday, July 01, 2012POSTED: Sunday, July 01, 2012
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 UPDATE EX-employee responds
Pizzolorusso speaks out - more of the truth!!
AUTHOR: Pizzolorusso - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Wednesday, November 04, 2009POSTED: Wednesday, November 04, 2009
Since everyone else I speaking out I guess I should too.
I admit that I knew that these loans would never work in the long term, all of the salespeople did.
It's true we all had to "contribute" to the inside staff, the VP managers, appraisal department, and secondary marketing all got paid off from the BDRs each month. It even got to the point where I let my New York City apartment be used by managers whenever they wanted, so they would sign off on my loans.
I wasn't the only sales rep doing this. Juliet Agranoff in Human Resources gave me the good employees on my team if I shelled out enough cash to her.
Jean Salanitro got all my secondary stuff done and all she asked for was a $1,000 per month.
Tami Nugent got expensive purses and linger.
Darren Hagan got some high quality coke and tickets to sporting events.
Paul Ciarfello got Jack Daniels and a few thousand per month, but then again since he was a VP he cost us more.
The same with Tami Burt, I can't begin to tell you how much I spent at Louis Vuitton to get her approval on things.
Every time Fred Brewster came to New York he made us take him out for steak dinners and then to the topless bar in Nyack, of course Paul Ciarfello and his buddy Bill Conologue organized those outings.
And the grand slam was the doc prep and funding department, they were the cheapest, a few pizzas, ice cream and kind words thrown their way was good enough.
What got expensive were the funding managers, Melissa Kabula, Matt Donohue, and that group got a good amount of cash from the sales reps too.
The only ones that couldn't be bought were Quality Assurance, that Karen Most was a tough nut to crack but every now and then she would soften up if you complimented her.
I know some of you are gonna be pissed that all this is being brought out into the open, but then again who cares?? WMC doesn't exist anymore and we all survived!!
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#3 UPDATE EX-employee responds
WMC was an awful experience
AUTHOR: Kameron - (United States of America)
SUBMITTED: Saturday, October 31, 2009POSTED: Saturday, October 31, 2009
Some of us who began at WMC from the very beginning and trained in California saw this company go downhill in the few years we worked there. As soon as the original management team started to include inexperienced people in the decision making process, the fraud and lies got totally out of control.
The blatant racism by Juliet Agranoff and her group was too much to bear. Blacks and hispanics constantly were fired and treated much more harshly than others. Women were constantly degraded and forced (by being threatened to lose their job) to do whatever the men that managed them said.
The conversations during the manager meetings were too much to believe. Between Paul Ciarfello talking about the girls bodies, Bill Conologue talking about which sales reps he were paying for his golf lessons and Tony DiBuccio talking about how many girls let him do what he wanted with them, it was unbearable.
The appraisals were almost all fraudulent as well as the investor files. You had these fat angry women Jean Salanitro and Tami Nugent running the group with their friends, and they said they were doing "make sense" decisions. Well look at the "make sense" decisions they made..........WMC had the absolute worst performing files in the industry. "Make sense" is a term to cover up them doing favors for the sales reps who used to slip them cash for overlooking fraud in files and appraisals.
The Quality Assurance team was NOT allowed to do their job!! They were threatened if they would raise an issue on a file and constantly ostracized and humiliated for being diligent.
It just goes to show what happens when you have UNQUALIFIED people in charge. Neither Jean Salanitro or Tami Nugent have a college degree. Jean went to secretary school but she was one of the Vice President's girlfriends, Paul Ciarfello. Tami Nugent is the sister of Vivian Forr who was a VP at WMC Mortgage also. Tami didn't even have an appraiser's license and she was made the VP of appraisal review!!
It's amazing that this company lasted as long as it did, with the fraud and racism that went on day after day. I hope the Feds open EVERY SINGLE FILE and hold the ex-managers responsible for their actions. The ex-VPs at WMC Mortgage should be permanently BANNED from the mortgage industry.
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#4 UPDATE EX-employee responds
Shame on you Julietta
AUTHOR: Anonymous - (U.S.A.)
SUBMITTED: Tuesday, June 23, 2009POSTED: Tuesday, June 23, 2009
What bothers me about your pathetic letter, is that you have some nerve to put in a pity cry about your family needing you. You were not the only one with a family. These women crying to you also have a family. You just let them cry to you and you just sat there with a stupid a*s look on your face. Your a low life of a woman. You have failed to realize that you are have kids...and I believe that what comes around goes around. It's funny, because maybe you were having your little sex romances with some of these men that you lasted long enough in that company. And yes, Julietta you were racist. In your own little world you are. You were a b***h when I used to come to you for questions and your probably still one. You never once looked in my face, and you never helped me. I had to take it to the HR in California because you were such a moron.
Did you ever think that some of these women can either commit suicide in the future or have such a messed up life because of what went on??? NO, because you were too busy thinking about yourself. I hope I never have to see you again you piece of crap poor excuse of a woman.
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#5 UPDATE EX-employee responds
Juliet Agranoff - former Human Resources Manager WMC Orangeburg responds
AUTHOR: Juliet Agranoff - (U.S.A.)
SUBMITTED: Sunday, May 17, 2009POSTED: Sunday, May 17, 2009
1) I am not prejudiced against blacks. Many people said this about me, however people have to understand that Human Resources are required to balance the racial mix of employees. WMC had a large number of unqualified blacks in key positions and while I did suggest a reduction in the number of blacks in the overall office head count, I did ask management to name a black management executive and all of them were opposed, every single one of them from Kathy Lipps, to Paul Ciarfello, Darren Hagan, Tony DiBuccio, and Bill Conologue. So realize that my hands were tied due to management's decisions. Paul Ciarfello and Tony DiBuccio also used to spend company funds at strip clubs, and on expensive alcohol which was kept in the office.
2) There were many violations of rules and even laws at WMC Mortgage that I was told to keep quiet about, from the BDRs giving sums of cash and even drugs to other employees, I was aware of this, however I too needed to stay employed and was told to turn my head. As well as all of the fraud in the loan files, forgeries and false documentation. So you hear it from the top, the biggest offenders were:
1) Gian Russo: cash, gifts, drugs, sexual favors from employees required on his team, no loans were allowed to be questioned.
2) Glen Pizzolorusso: cash, gifts, drugs, alcohol, sexual favors from employees required on his team, I was told to look for and invent reasons to fire any employee who challenged the validity of his loan files.
Any female BDAs also were required to "audition" meaning give sexual favors to any male BDRs prior to being given those positions. How many came to my office crying about this and again, my hands were tied. Even after going to Kathy Lipps, Paul Ciarfello, even Tami Burt and Fred Brewster to try and stop this madness, there was nothing I could do, I was warned to keep my mouth shut or risk losing my job. One particular case I remember included Leigh Frewald, she was forced into a sexual escapade by 1 male and 1 female BDR & BDA, she was crying and vomiting in my office and I was instructed to call an ambulance and have her removed from the office building. I was never allowed to speak about the incident again. Similar events included other popular female employees such as Melissa Kabula, Monical Silva, and others as well.
While I will always regret having lied and covered up improper acts, please realize that I too have a family - 2 young children and a husband who depend on my income so I couldn't risk that.
Now you know the truth, I understand if some of you will be angry but that is how business works in this day and age.
Juliet I. Agrnoff
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#6 UPDATE Employee
This is not right
AUTHOR: Tasha - (U.S.A.)
SUBMITTED: Monday, November 20, 2006POSTED: Monday, November 20, 2006
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NASA Still Dreams of Mars Outpost
By WARREN E. LEARY
Published: February 3, 1998
WASHINGTON— AS it has through the ages, Mars, the nearest planetary neighbor to the Earth, maintains a strange fascination for people and has long been a coveted destination for the more imaginative.
Whether spurred by science fiction or tantalizing hints of past life in ancient Martian rocks, many people seem to feel that inevitably, humans will someday set foot on the red planet, first to visit, then to stay.
Quietly, and often unnoticed, scientists and engineers are putting together plans and the technology to make such dreams a reality. At several National Aeronautics and Space Administration centers, and at universities and aerospace companies, small-scale studies are under way on differing bits of technology that could come together to send the first human crew to Mars early in the next century.
New approaches being examined for a Mars trip -- using lighter, partly inflatable ships, developing closed systems to recycle wastes and produce food, and making rocket fuel on Mars instead of hauling it from Earth -- show promise for making the venture safer and more cost-effective, proponents say.
Because there is no political mandate for a human mission to Mars, NASA is approaching the possibility cautiously and with little fanfare. The agency is sponsoring several low-cost research projects aimed at identifying technologies that could be used and readying blueprints for an endeavor, should one be called for.
''I don't know of another event that would inspire our imaginations or stimulate our innate feelings for exploration more'' than such a journey, said Daniel S. Goldin, the agency Administrator. But he emphasized that such planning was tentative.
Mr. Goldin, who has spoken often of his dream that people would one day go to Mars, says that in the next five or six years, he wants his agency to lay the groundwork for such a venture. At the end of that period, he said, criteria for the mission should be solid enough for NASA to show the President or Congress how to accomplish it within 8 to 10 years of setting a starting date.
Four questions must be resolved before there can be a serious human Mars proposal, Mr. Goldin said: Can people live and work in space for the two to four years required? Is there a compelling scientific reason for people to go? Can the journey be made for a relatively low cost? Should the United States conduct the mission alone or as part of an international project?
To address these questions, NASA officials said, the agency has been spending $5 million to $10 million a year on studies directly related to human exploration beyond Earth orbit. Additionally, other projects in the agency's $14 billion annual budget, including research related to the forthcoming international space station, could aid a human Mars mission.
Human journeys to the red planet have been proposed before, but they were stymied by their sheer size and enormous projected costs. In 1989, while celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, President George Bush proposed sending an expedition to Mars in the first decades of the next century. But when NASA and others estimated the cost at $450 billion to $500 billion, the proposal withered.
''Mr. Bush found very quickly that there was no rationale for a manned Mars mission,'' said Dr. Louis D. Friedman, executive director of the Planetary Society, a group based in Pasadena, Calif., that advocates space exploration. ''And no one got behind it, neither Congress nor the people.''
But things are changing, say Dr. Friedman and other experts. First, the cost estimates for a Mars expedition have dropped sharply in the past few years and should continue to fall as researchers explore new ways of doing things, they say. Recent estimates by NASA engineers put the cost of sending six astronauts to Mars on a two- to three-year mission at about $55 billion, only about 10 percent of the projection a decade ago.
In addition, proponents say, the public is showing a renewed fascination with Mars as debate simmers on whether a meteorite from Mars found in Antarctica harbored microscopic evidence of ancient life and as plans move forward for a series of low-cost, unmanned spacecraft.
Some space experts hold that robots are the best way to explore Mars. But Mr. Goldin and others said initial studies may turn up tasks that only humans can do well. If the possibility of finding Martian life or subsurface water requires deep drilling, it may require the adaptability and intelligence of humans, they said.
''I have a strong feeling there will be things that a robot can't do,'' Mr. Goldin said.
Some of the technology under consideration for Mars likely will be tested on the international space station, construction of which is scheduled to begin in orbit later this year. The 470-ton outpost is to be completed around 2004 by the United States, Russia, the European Space Agency, Canada and Japan.
''The space station is only justified by the idea of a trip to Mars,'' Dr. Friedman of the Planetary Society said. ''Why study the biological effects of long-term space flight on people, and a lot of the other technology, if you are not going to go somewhere?''


text:
It does not matter how much is owed to the bank when you are submitting an offer. Not sure if you are referring to a Short Sale or a Bank Owned Property? Either way, the bank is going to want an offer that is close to fair market value. The lender usually has an appraiser go out and appraise the home to get an idea of the current market value. If you are working with a real estate agent, they should be able to give you some comparable listings so that you have a better idea of what could be a reasonable offer. Good luck.
Sara Mehrpouyan CDPE
Short Sale and Foreclosure Specialist
Direct 818-903-2040
Rodeo Realty
Dre license #01712757
You may feel frustrated by the answers below, but they are good answers. The bank is not pick up the balance they are owed. They will be looking for Fair Market Value even if the balance is half of that amount or twice that amount. A Broker Price Opinion (BPO) or appraisal will be done to determine the tru value and the will put it on the market for that amount. They may or may not have flexibility in accepting an offer on the home depending upon condition, community, and several other factors. Today, we are not finding 'screaming deals' with these REO properties.
It is hard to determine what the bank is owed because of liens, attorney fees, interest, etc. If you could find that out you will still find that the offer the bank will accept is not determined by that at all. Bottom line is, don't look strictly for bank owned properties. There are sometimes better deals out on the open market. Also, each market is different, so you will need to consult with a local real estate professional to guide you into finding the best home for your situation.
Robert McGuire ASR
Your Castle Real Estate
Direct - 303-669-1246
Speak to a local Realtor and have them assist ... there will be no cost for their valued services.
Your offer should be no more than what the house is worth. Perhaps offer less.
Consider: Maybe the house is worth only half of what the bank is owed. Example: the bank is on the hook for $400,000. But now the property's only worth $200,000. You decide to offer 90% of what the bank was owed: $360,000. You're vastly overpaying, and it's likely the property wouldn't appraise for that.
Even if the property is worth $300,000 and you decide to offer 80% of what was owed, you're offering $320,000 . . . still significantly overpaying.
Besides--being blunt here--don't worry about being "fair" to the banks. They can take good care of themselves. Yes, it'd be nice to make an offer that the bank accepts. But your first priority absolutely must be to make sure that you're getting a reasonable value.
Work with a Realtor. Determine what the house is truly worth. Then work downward from that point.
Hope that helps.
Good Luck!
Good luck,
Tom Sommers/Edina Realty
The bank can only sell a home for what it's worth. So even if more is owed on it, through the foreclosure process, that becomes irrelevant (as far as buyers are concerned). The property will be listed on the MLS, and the bank will use sales comps to determine the listing price. Then buyers will have the opportunity to place an offer on the property. In the case of a foreclosure, most often it is wise to not bid too far under asking though, as banks will be unlikely to access a lowball offer, and there may be a lot of competition on the property if it is priced well. Having an experienced agent as your buyers agent can be crucial, as they will help you determine how to best make a successful offer. You can read more about the foreclosure process here: http://richardschulman.com/buyers/foreclosures/ Feel free to contact me for any further assistance or questions.
Richard Schulman
Keller Williams Realty
#1 Buyers Agent KW Los Angeles Region
(310) 482-0173
There is no easy answer to this question. I will give you two examples to illustrate. A good real estate professional can find out what the previous mortgage was on the bank. But the biggest factor is the market price. In order to determine that, the bank will have a real estate office do a BPO (Broker Price Order). After they have the BPO the bank gives the house as a listing to a different brokerage to sell.
Imagine a foreclosure that only one bank was owed 500k and the market price is 400k. If the asset manager wants it to move quickly, they will price it below market, perhaps in this case, at 375k. If they are not worried about moving the house, they may ask the listing agent to price it at 425k.
Now imagine a house that had two mortgages. The first was for 400k and the second for 100k. When the first forecloses on the property, the second completely loses out. So, the bank that foreclosed may be happy to list it at 400k.
It gets even more complicated with tax liens and third and fourth mortgages. But the bottom line is that the bank that foreclosed is the one that will determine what is the right price. So, pick a real estate professional that knows what they are doing and knows the market.
Please let me know if I can help.
Tommy Lee
However if you're curious about the outstanding loan I should be able to access that for you.
Brian Fisk
Keller Williams
(818) 780-3456
Crystal Halatsis-McGugin
Prudential California Realty a HomeServices Of America and
Berkshire Hathaway Affiliate
Office: (888) 995-7575


text:
Main Content
You've already got sick pants and a sweet tee, but something seems to be missing. Have no fear — you can complete your look with the Workshop adjustable hat from O'Neill! This hat features an embossed leather applique logo on the crown and adjustable strap on the back. In this cap, you'll be lookin' good!
- 80% Acrylic/20% Wool
- Adjustable buckle closure
- Flat bill
- Imported
- Leather applique
- Structured fit
- Imported
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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- Report: #883540
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Lee Harris
Lee HarrisPalatine Rd, Arlington Heights, Illinois United States of America
Lee Harris Cindy Tan, Psychic, Fortune Teller Scam artist exposed on Date Line TV from Arlington Heights, Illinois
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I am thankful this was shared with me. This con artist moved her shop from the Rolling Meadows location after the Dateline NBC show was filmed so be on the look out for her in the Palatine, Arlington Heights, Hoffman Estates, Buffalo Grove, Wheeling area, but her phone number(s) are still active. I would recommend contacting the Illinois State Police in Des Plaines, Confidence Crime Division, if you have contact with her or her kind. She is a Gypsy Queen con artist.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/16/2012 09:27 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Lee-Harris/Arlington-Heights-Illinois-60001/Lee-Harris-Cindy-Tan-Psychic-Fortune-Teller-Scam-artist-exposed-on-Date-Line-TV-from-Arl-883540. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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- Report: #463875
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Complaint Review: Google Treasure Chest
Google Treasure Chest837 E 9400 S Ste 233 Sandy, Utah U.S.A.
Google Treasure Chest Please beware of the $1.97 CD Rom Scam, you will be charged more down the line. Sandy Utah
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Waterford, Michigan
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/22/2009 07:05 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Google-Treasure-Chest/Sandy-Utah-84094/Google-Treasure-Chest-Please-beware-of-the-197-CD-Rom-Scam-you-will-be-charged-more-dow-463875. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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- Report: #307254
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: American Education Services
American Education ServicesPo Box 2461 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania U.S.A.
American Education Services Screwing with my credit Harrisburg Pennsylvania
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Well about three months go by during my grace period well I decide to give them a call(ESF) and see how my consolidation was going and they told me everything was sold to AES . So the phone chace began...I called AES and asked them about my consolidation .the gentleman assured me that everything was on track and that it was taken care of.Well after my grace period was up I started recieving multiple bills from AES ...when in fact I should have only been recieving one.
Well I make a payment for X amount of dollars...well the next month my payment tripled and relized that my loans were never consolidated...I WAS PI**ED...so now I am playing email tag with them and reapplied for consolidation AGAIN and I will be posting my progress with them just to let others know the Hassel and regret that I am dealing with..WHO WANTS TO GO THROUGH SCHOOL ONLY AFTERWARD TO BE HASSELED BY A LOAN (SHARK) COMPANY.
This is thier response to my first email...I also responded to this very upset about the whole ordeal...Because my student loans should have been consolidated and payment shouldn't have exceeded a 150.00 bucks a month and now they are doubled and tripled that amount. I really need some help on steps to take to get back at this company...I cant stand corporations that rape American harworking citizens.I will keep posting my emails as they go back and forth.
Thank you for contacting American Education Services (AES). A copy of your e-mail is being forwarded to Network Consolidation for assistance regarding your consolidation request. Please allow two business days for a separate e-mail reply.
Your signed forbearance request may be sent to our office via fax to (717) 720-3916 or via postal mail to the following address:
American Education Services
P.O. Box 2461
Harrisburg, PA 17105-2461
Your account is currently 52 days past due from December 17, 2007 for xxx.xx. An additional xxx.xx is due on February 17, 2007. Late fees in the amount of x.xx have been assessed on your loans. You may receive calls and letters regarding the delinquency until the account is current. We report delinquency to the national credit bureaus when a loan becomes 60 or more days past due.
You may qualify for a deferment. We recommend that you consider all options available to you prior to requesting this forbearance. You may view the deferment options online by selecting the hyperlink listed below.
During a deferment, the government will satisfy the accruing interest on your Subsidized Loans; you are responsible for the accruing interest on your Unsubsidized Loans. During a forbearance you are responsible for the accruing interest on all of your loans. You may choose to pay the accruing interest quarterly while your payments are deferred.
If you choose not to pay the accruing interest, an Interest Notice will be mailed to you every six months advising the amount of and providing the option of paying the outstanding interest. Although you are not obligated to satisfy the accruing interest while your payments are deferred, it is to your benefit. Any unpaid accrued interest will be capitalized (added to the principal balance) once the account enters repayment.
If you have additional questions or concerns, you may reply to this e-mail, or call toll-free (800) 233-0557 to reach our Customer Service Department, which is open Monday through Friday from 7:30 A.M. until 9:00 P.M. Eastern Time. You may also contact our eCommunications Department via e-mail through our website, http://www.aessuccess.org, 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
AES eCommunications
On February 4, 2008 at 11:48 AM, (((REDAACTED FOR SECURITY PURPOSES))) wrote:
Account = 1365384976
First Name: Brandon
Last Name: L***
City: Pearl
Date of Birth: 03/24/1980
Email Address: ****
Additional Comments: I had applied for consolidation in May of 07 after I graduated ..Today I look at my loan information and none of it has been consolidated yet . I am very upset with this service ..I applied for consolidation once again. Also the last time I called you all which was in September the gentleman that I spoke with assured me that the consolidation was on track to go through .Now I find out that it hasn't. I cant afford a xxx dollar payment a month and i wouldnt expect any college graduate with a two year degree to afford it.Also I am applying for a forberance today and will be sending it imediatley.I hope for some type of resolution within days on this situation.
Pearl, Mississippi
CLICK here to see why Rip-off Report, as a matter of policy, deleted either a phone number, link or e-mail address from this Report.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/08/2008 07:45 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/American-Education-Services/Harrisburg-Pennsylvania-17105/American-Education-Services-Screwing-with-my-credit-Harrisburg-Pennsylvania-307254. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Get Funagain Points by submitting media! Full details, including content license, are available here.
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Product Description
Do you want to get rich? You have just 60 seconds to roll the dice and grab the cash in this fast paced game. Beat the timer and make your fortune!
Product Information
Lucien Geelhoed, Roberto Fraga
Ravensburger USA
Henning Lohlein
Year: 2003
Players: 2 - 5
Time: 15 minutes
Ages: 10 and up
Weight: 320 grams
Language Requirements: This is an international edition or domestic edition of an imported item. Game components are language-independent. Manufacturer's rules are printed in multiple languages (including English).
- 1 Timer
- 6 Dice
- money bills
Product Reviews
This is a really ridiculous game. However, it is cheap and features a great timing device, which makes it good value for money. Whether you like the game is neither here nor there, but this is how it works.The game is played over three rounds and each person rolls 6 dice as fast as possible. For each unique die (such as a 20) the player grabs a note of the correct denomination from the pile in the centre of the table. You then make a mental check to see whether you are inside the time for that round. (It starts with 10 seconds, then 20 and finally 30 for the last round.) If you think you are, you re-roll the dice and grab more money. When you've had enough (or think the time is up) you say "stop" and the player on your left with the timing device stops the clock. If you exactly match the time for the round you get a 60 bonus. If you do not you get a penalty of 20 per second over the allotted time or 10 per second under the allotted time. As one side of each die shows a +5 seconds bonus, you can set this die aside and get more time. The game is one of those where you are under pressure (if you play this type of game seriously). If you do not, it's good for laughs but once played, the novelty is lost. However, it could be good for parties for breaking the ice. Light and amusing.


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5.0 stars 6 reviews
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I have more than 35 years of legal experience. My Northern California law firm Beck Law P.C.been practices: family law, criminal law, personal injury, civil litigation, real estate and business law and medical marijuana law in the three northern ...
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Practice areas & skills: Litigation, Personal Injury, Family, Real Estate, Criminal Defense


text:
- Report: #215930
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Virgin Mobile
Virgin Mobilevirginmobileusa.com Internet U.S.A.
Virgin Mobile ripoff dishonest billing practices Internet
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Unfortunately, I learned this lesson the hard way. Virgin Mobile has taken money from my account for two straight months and I don't even have service with them.
When I tried to get a phone activated back in July, I wasn't able to activate it on-line, so I called Virgin Mobile. The live agent that I spoke to asked me to call back later because they had a high volume of calls.
When I called back two days later, the lady that I spoke to was very nice, but when I gave her the phone number that I had been given, she told me she could not activate it. She said something about "fraud" going on and she was going to have to speak to a supervisor and for me to call back later.
I was so frustrated at not being able to activate my phone, that two days later I called and told the agent that I no longer wanted to activate my phone and to cancel my account.
Two months later, while viewing my bank statements, I realized that Virgin Mobile had been deducting money from my account for two straight months!
I then called and spoke to a female supervisor who was rude and insolent and basically insinuated that I was the "dumb" one for not paying attention to their boilerplate language and that they were "could not" credit my money back. She basically blamed me for not properly activating my phone, when it was Virgin Mobile's people who screwed up.
This is a pretty good "scam" by Virgin Mobile and I don't see how they can get away with it. If I was doing the same thing, I would probably be in jail.
So whatever you do, never register your credit card/debit card with Virgin Mobile. They will certainly ripp you off!
McAllen, Texas
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 10/15/2006 05:14 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Virgin-Mobile/internet/Virgin-Mobile-ripoff-dishonest-billing-practices-Internet-215930. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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