text:
$util.date("MMMM d, yyyy",$topLevel.timeZone)
Today Show financial editor Jean Chatzky answers viewers E-mails about paying back debt.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- WebMD Physician Directory of Santa Maria Doctors
- Santa Maria Emergency Contacts
- Nearby Santa Maria Hospitals
- Find a Local Pharmacy on RxList - Santa Maria
Santa Maria Doctors and Specialists for Sexual Addiction
Sexual Addiction
Sexual addiction facts
- Sexual addiction is a condition that involves the sufferer becoming excessively preoccupied with thoughts or behaviors that give a desired sexual effect.
- More than 30 million people are thought to ...
Other Related Sexual Addiction Articles
Emergency Contact for Santa Maria
- In case of Emergency, call 911
Nearby Santa Maria Hospitals results
- 1Marian Regional Medical Center
1400 E Church St
Santa Maria, California 93454
(805) 739-300
- 2Arroyo Grande Community Hosp
345 S Halcyon Rd
Santa Maria, California 93420
(805) 489-426
- 3Lompoc Valley Medical Center
1515 E Ocean Ave
Santa Maria, California 93436
(805) 737-330
- 4California Men's Colony
Hwy 1 N
Santa Maria, California 93403
(805) 547-790
- 5French Hospital Medical Center
1911 Johnson Ave
Santa Maria, California 93401
(805) 543-535
- 6Sierra Vista Regional Med Ctr
1010 Murray Ave
Santa Maria, California 93405
(805) 546-760
- 7Santa Ynez Valley Cottage Hosp
2050 Viborg Rd
Santa Maria, California 93463
(805) 688-643
* Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.
You are prohibited from using, downloading, republishing, selling, duplicating, or "scraping" for commercial or any other purpose whatsoever, the Provider Directory or any of the data listings or other information contained therein, in whole or in part, in any medium whatsoever.
The Provider Directory is provided on an "AS-IS" basis. WebMD disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for particular purpose. Without limiting the foregoing, WebMD does not warrant or represent that the Provider Directory or any part thereof is accurate or complete. You assume full responsibility for the communications with any Provider you contact through the Provider Directory. WebMD shall in no event be liable to you or to anyone for any decision made or action taken by you in the reliance on information provided in the Provider Directory.
The use of WebMD Provider Directory by any entity or individual to verify the credentials of Providers is prohibited. The database of Provider information which drives WebMD Provider Directory does not contain sufficient information with which to verify Provider credentials under the standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) of the Utilization Review Accreditation Committee (URAC).
By using the WebMD Provider Directory, you agree to these Terms and Conditions.


text:
Remains confirmed as missing Vermont man, friend
KENNEBUNKPORT, Maine The Maine medical examiners office says human remains found on an island off Kennebunkport were two boatbuilding school students who went missing in December.
Spokesman Mark Belserene said Tuesday that DNA tests confirmed the remains were 21-year-old Zachary Wells, of Burlington, Vt., and 23-year-old Prescott Wright, of Barnstable, Mass.
Wells and Wright were last seen at a late-night party at Wells home in Kennebunkport on Dec. 20. The men were students at The Landing School in Arundel.
In the ensuing search, officials found clothing belonging to the two men but didnt locate their bodies.
A local resident walking a dog discovered the remains last month on Vaughns Island, which can be reached from the mainland at low tide.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER The Democratic Governors Association has yet to launch a television ad in favor of... Full StoryBARRE Technical difficulties havent forced Central Vermonts Talk Station to sound a whole... Full StoryNORTHFIELD A Taiwanese woman is suing Norwich University claiming the school wouldnt hire her ... Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|15 May 2012
|Priority date
|28 Sep 2006
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Khodadad Varahramyan, Mangilal Agarwal, Sudhir Shrestha, Jeevan Kumar Vemagiri, Aravind Chamarti, Sireesha Ramisetti
|Original Assignee
|Louisiana Tech Research Foundation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (38), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (15), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC �119(e) of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/827,249 filed Sep. 28, 2006 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
This invention was developed at least in part through the use of federal funding from grant no. DARPA N66001-05-8903 and the federal government may retain certain rights in this invention.
The present invention relates broadly to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and systems for implementing the same. In particular embodiments, the invention relates to passive RFID systems based upon signal propagation delays.
RFID has been a key technology for short range wireless auto identification. It has been implemented in many recent technologies such as contact-less smart cards, access control, wireless sensing and information collection, industrial automation, ticketing, public transportation, automatic toll collection, animal and product tracking, and medical applications.
Referring to
RFID tags can be classified as active, reader powered tags (inductive coupling) and fully passive tags. Active tags require power source to operate, therefore are limited by their battery life. Reader powered tags operate by inductive coupling; therefore they are limited by read distance. On the other hand, passive tags consist primarily of an antenna and an ID circuit. They do not require any power supply and work by responding to reader interrogation by changing certain parameters of the interrogation signal. Passive tags tend to be more limited by their read distance and the amount of information that they can convey.
One embodiment of the present invention includes a chipless RFID tag system. The system includes a transmitter sending an input signal and a tag substrate having a first and a second microstrip. The second microstrip is at least twice as long as the first microstrip and has substantially uniform impedance along its length. The system further includes at least one tap positioned between the first and second microstrips allowing one-way transmission of the input signal from the second to the first microstrip.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes a chipless RFID tag system. This system includes a transmitter sending an input signal and a tag substrate. The tag substrate has at least one microstrip and the microstrip has a first portion with a first impedance and a second portion with a second impedance different from the first impedance. The system further includes a receiver detecting at least two reflections from an interface of the first and second impedances and identifying relative time domain positions of the reflections to one another.
This embodiment of receiver circuit 17 includes an antenna 18, a demodulator 19, and a display 20. In the receiver circuit the demodulator receives the signal from the antenna and demodulates the signal to extract the ID code of the tag, which can then be viewed by the display. The demodulator consists of a low noise amplifier, a local oscillator, a mixer, a band pass filter, an analog to digital converter, and a single board computer. With the carrier signal from the local oscillator, the demodulator demodulates the received signal. The band pass filter blocks high and low frequency components while allows a low attenuation path for the selected signal. The analog to digital converter converts the analog signal to binary form and feeds it to the single board computer. Based on information loaded in the memory of single board computer, the computer performs the further processing of the signal and decodes the ID code generated by the tag. The ID code generated is displayed on the display system. Although illustrated separately in
The RFID tag 1 seen in
Z o =[L/C] 1/2
T d =[LC] 1/2
where time delay in the microstrip transmission line is constant per unit length and is distributed uniformly along its length.
Microstrip 4 is shown as terminated by resistor 8, which has an impedance that is substantially equal to the characteristic impedance Zo of microstrip 4 in order to minimize signal reflections from the terminating end of microstrip 4.
In this embodiment, the code may be altered by altering the position and/or number of taps 9. For example, if tap 9 a in
The sensor 7 in
In many embodiments, it is desirable that the sensor consumes low power (e.g., few microwatts) or self-generates the power needed. Solar cells, piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials generate energy and can be used to turn on a switch such as a FET. Materials like quantum tunneling composites and polyaniline (PANI) change from insulating state to conducting state nonlinearly when the sensed quantity reaches a threshold value. Where no battery is intended in the proposed design, the sensor switch will operate either on its own with the generated energy or in a passive mode. Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PANI are example materials which can achieve these characteristics.
In certain embodiments, the sensor simply acts as a switch in series with other elements in the RFID tag. Any material that has a non-linear behavior and has the capability to stand alone can be considered for the switch. The sensor switch is an interface between the sensor element and the RF path of the RFID circuit. Examples of different types of sensing material employable in the current RFID-based sensors include the QTC, PVDF and PANI materials mentioned above.
For QTC materials, the resistance changes exponentially under pressure making it suitable for use as a switching element for pressure sensing. In OTC materials, the metal particles are separated by a polymer lattice and never come into physical contact. They move very close under pressure and Quantum Tunneling occurs between the metal particles which are now separated by quantum scale distances. Moreover, QTC material can be effectively modeled as an RF resistor switch because it is known to conduct high frequency signals.
Piezoelectric materials such as PVDF generate a charge when a pressure is applied. The charge developed can be converted into a voltage if a capacitor structure is used with PVDF between its electrodes. The charge developed is due to the aligning of the dipoles in the material and this polarization occurs only in the area where pressure is applied. The charge disappears once the pressure is removed and the material acts as any other dielectric material. These materials are not as good as current sources but are quite good voltage sources.
Certain types of polyaniline change their conductivity exponentially when they detect acidic fumes such as those that emanate from fruit and vegetable spoilage. Thus, polyaniline can be used to detect the freshness of the fruit, if appropriately designed.
Still further embodiments of the RFID tag 1 will employ a transmission reflection to generate an identification signal. A pulse signal, reflected from an unmatched transmission line termination is delayed in time with respect to the input pulse due to the inherent signal propagation delay. In a multiple transmission line system (
When the impedances of transmission line and load are not matched, not all the signal power flowing through the transmission line is delivered to the load, and some part is reflected back to the signal input point. The magnitude of the reflection depends on the magnitude of the impedance mismatch, as characterized by the reflection coefficient, τ, where:
where, ZT and ZL are the transmission line characteristic impedance and load impedance, respectively. If a sinusoidal pulse signal is fed at one end of a transmission line, denoted as the input port, with the other end open, the pulse flows from the input to the open end and gets reflected at the termination. As a result, an attenuated and delayed reflected pulse appears at the input end of the transmission line. The phase of the reflected pulse is the same as the input pulse if τ is positive, and the phase is opposite if τ is negative.
One example of a multiple transmission lines ID generation design consists of ground or open terminated transmission lines with common feed point. The number, lengths and terminations of the transmission lines are designed such that the reflection pattern forms a composite signal that follows a predefined digital modulation scheme and represents a unique ID code. The first three reflections, consisting of two primary reflections from the two lines and the third due to superposition of the two secondary reflections, are used for ID code generation. The relative positions of the reflected pulses depend on the delay and therefore the lengths of the transmission lines. OOK or phase modulated signal patterns can be generated by designing appropriate placement of reflected pulses.
Referring to the example circuit shown in
Dual transmission lines ID circuits such as
The presence of a pulse represents binary 1 and its absence represents binary 0. With this representation, ten different OOK modulated signal patterns, representing ten different ID codes can be constructed. In this embodiment, only three 1s are considered in any sequence for code generation. If n positions are considered with three reflected pulses, taking the first bit as a starting bit, (n−2)�(n−1)/2 bit sequences can be constructed, where n is greater than or equal to the number of reflected pulses (in this case we have three reflected pulses). For n positions, to get the maximum number of ID sequences, the number of reflected pulses, here defined as I, is given by I=n/2 when n is even, and it is given by I=(n+1)/2) when n is odd.
For any bit pattern, the length of the first or shorter transmission line (L1) and that of the second or longer line (L2) are given as:
L 1=(i′−i)�T�l
L 2=(i′−1)�T�l
where i and i′ are the numbers representing the position of the second and the third pulses, respectively. The length of transmission line required for 1 ns reflection delay/is in millimeter, and the bit width T is in ns. For six bits design, i can take 2 through 5 while i′ can take 3 through 6. (4) and (5) are true for any number of bits, as long as the ID circuit consists of two transmission lines and three pulses are considered. For 101010 bit pattern, i=3, and i′=5. Taking bit width, T=3.4 ns and l=90 mm/ns, (4) and (5) give L1=612 mm and L2=1224 mm. Ansoft planar design of the ID circuit is shown in
The ID circuits are designed by considering the first three reflected pulses. As one example, an ID circuit with a 5 mm long 50 ohm transmission line, followed by a 612 mm long 25 ohm open transmission line, creates a series of reflected pulses separated by 3.4 ns. The reflection pattern represents an OOK modulated 101010 bit pattern with 3.4 ns bit width. The design is based on 1 ns delay for a 90 mm long transmission line. As another example, an ID circuit with a 5 mm long 50 ohms line followed by a 306 mm long 25 ohms open transmission line places the first three pulses reflections in a sequence resembling a 111000 bit pattern in a six bit representation.
In the RFID tag embodiment shown in
The receiver is designed to detect a phase change in the incoming reflected pulses. A reverse phase is detected as "1" and the absence of phase change is detected as "0". For the tag embodiment shown in
As discussed above, the RFID tags typically require at least one antenna. The antenna serves as the transducer between the controlled energy residing within the system and the radiated energy existing in free space. One type of antenna well suited for UHF RFID applications is the non-meandered monopole antenna. Described below are three non-meandered monopole antenna embodiments, each occupying less than 30 cm2 in area. Theses three antennas are the inset-fed triangular patch antenna (
Presently, meandered antennas are commonly used for UHF RFID applications. However, the generally large dimensional length to width ratio of the meandered antenna structure makes this type of antenna disadvantageous for use in RFID tags requiring small dimensional length to width ratio. Typical length to width ratios of meander antennas currently reported and tested are of the order of 5/1. It would be advantageous to employ an antenna which occupies less surface area than the previously reported meandered dipole antenna, is planar in nature, is developed on a single flexible polyimide substrate, and is designed for high-gain performance. All the antennas described below have a small length to width ratio compared to the meandered dipole antenna. The antennas shown are designed for 915 MHz frequency and having an output impedance of 50 Ohm. The substrate topology employed in the design and fabrication of the antennas is shown in
Although the above describes three antenna designs well suited to RFID tags, many other antennas may be employed in the present invention, nonlimiting examples of which include Meander and Hilbert antennas such as seen in
The present invention include many embodiments not necessarily shown in the figures. Certain example embodiments could include:
Embodiment A: A chipless RFID tag comprising:
a. a flexible substrate;
b. a first elongated conductive microstrip formed on the substrate; and
c. a second elongated conductive microstrip formed on the substrate, wherein the second microstrip has a meandering path which is at least twice the length of the first microstrip.
Embodiment A1. The chipless RFID tag according to embodiment A, wherein the first and second microstrips have a common input port.
Embodiment A2. The chip less RFID tag according to embodiment A, wherein the delay in the microstrips is substantially constant per unit length.
Embodiment A3. The chipless RFID tag according to embodiment A, wherein the common port is connected to an antenna.
Embodiment A4. The chipless RFID tag according to embodiment A3, wherein the antenna is a micro-strip formed on said flexible substrate.
Embodiment B. A chipless RFID tag system comprising:
a. a transmitter sending an input signal;
b. a tag substrate having at least first and second microstrips, each of the microstrips having:
i. an impedance mismatch of at least about 80% at the microstrip's termination, wherein said mismatch is determined by:
where ZL and ZT are the impedance associated with the transmission line and its termination, respectively.
ii. a different length from the other microstrip; and
c. a receiver detecting at least two primary reflections and at least one secondary reflection of said input signal from said microstrips and identifying relative time domain positions of the reflections to one another.
Embodiment B1. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B, wherein the second microstrip is at least twice as long as the first microstrip.
Embodiment B2. The chip less RFID tag system according to embodiment B, wherein the microstrips are meandering.
Embodiment B3. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B, wherein the different lengths of the microstrips cause the signal reflections to have a sufficient time period between the reflections to differentiate separate reflections.
Embodiment B4. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B3, wherein the different lengths of the microstrips cause the reflections to form a detectable on/off pattern of at least four bits.
Embodiment B5. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B3, wherein the length of the first microstrip (L1) and that of the second microstrip (L2) are approximately equal to:
where i and i′ are the position of the second and the third pulses, respectively; I is the length of transmission line required for 1 ns reflection delay, and T is the bit width.
Embodiment B6. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B, wherein said microstrips have either a substantially open or a substantially grounded termination.
Embodiment B7. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment B, wherein said receiver and said transmitter are combined as a transceiver.
Embodiment C. A chipless RFID tag system comprising:
a. a transmitter sending an input signal;
b. a tag substrate having at least one microstrip, the microstrip having a first portion with a first impedance and a second portion with a second impedance different from said first impedance.
c. a receiver detecting at least two reflections from an interface of the first and second impedances and identifying relative time domain positions of the reflections to one another.
Embodiment C1. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment C, wherein there is an impedance mismatch between the first and second line equal to:
where Z1 and Z2 are the impedance associated with the first and second lines, respectively and the impedance mismatch between the first and second lines is between about 20% and about 40%.
Embodiment C2. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment C, wherein said tag system includes a sensor which selectively allows transmission of reflections based upon the presence or absence of a activating condition.
Embodiment C3. The chipless RFID tag system according to c embodiment C2, wherein said sensor is positioned between said antenna and said microstrips.
Embodiment C4. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment C2, wherein said sensor operates by changing at least one of the dielectric, electrical, mechanical, chemical, optical, or biological properties in response to said activating condition.
Embodiment C5. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment C2, wherein said activating condition is the presence of an organic gas.
Embodiment D. A chipless RFID tag system comprising:
a. a transmitter sending an input signal;
b. a tag substrate having at least one microstrip, the microstrip having a phase discontinuity altering the phase of a signal reflection at the discontinuity; and
c. a receiver detecting a change in phase between at least two reflections from the input signal and identifying relative (time domain?) positions of the reflections based upon said phase change.
Embodiment E(35). A chipless RFID tag system comprising:
a. a transmitter sending an input signal
b. a tag substrate having at least first and second transmission lines, each of transmission lines having:
i. either a substantially ground or substantially open termination
ii. different length from the other line
c. a receiver detecting at least two primary reflections and at least one secondary reflection of said input signal from said transmission lines and identifying the relative phase of the reflections to one another.
Embodiment E1. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein there is at least 80% mismatch between the line and the termination impedance.
Embodiment E2. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein the second transmission line is twice as long as the first line.
Embodiment E3. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein the transmission lines comprise microstrip lines.
Embodiment E4. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein the transmission lines are meandered.
Embodiment E5. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein one of the lines is substantially ground terminated and another of the lines is substantially open terminated.
Embodiment E6. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E, wherein the different lengths of transmission lines cause the signal reflections to have sufficient time period between the reflections to detect the phase change.
Embodiment E7. The chipless RFID tag system according to embodiment E6, wherein the different termination of lines causes to form a detectable phase modulated pattern of at least two bits.
Embodiment F. A chipless RFID tag system comprising:
a. a transmitter sending an input signal;
b. a tag substrate having at least one microstrip, the microstrip having at least two inductor/capacitor elements creating at least two delays in transmission of the input signal; and
c. a receiver detecting the at least two delays from the inductor/capacitor and identifying relative time domain positions of the delayed signals to the input signal.
Still further embodiments include those shown in The Masters Thesis of Sireesha Ramisetti, entitled, "Design And Development Of An ID Generation Circuit For Low-Cost Passive RFID-Based Applications," La Tech University, November 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|1 Nov 1949
|6 Mar 1951
|Libois Louis Joseph
|Pulse permutating electrical circuits
|2 Apr 1949
|6 Nov 1951
|Hazeltine Research Inc
|Wave-signal communication system
|1 Jul 1955
|11 Jun 1957
|Pulse repetition rate selector
|26 Oct 1964
|21 Feb 1967
|Carroll Jr Edward E
|Time expander for multichannel analyzer
|22 Jan 1969
|15 Jun 1971
|Victor W Bolie
|Frequency resolving audio delay line
|7 Oct 1975
|15 Mar 1977
|Ball Corporation
|Microstrip antenna structure
|22 Apr 1977
|20 Jun 1978
|Northwestern University
|Identification system using coded passive transponders
|18 Dec 1980
|18 Oct 1983
|Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University
|Gas sensing apparatus and method
|27 Dec 1983
|15 Apr 1986
|Polyonics Corporation
|Resonant tag circuits useful in electronic security systems
|20 Mar 1984
|14 Oct 1986
|General Instrument Corporation
|Temperature regulated feedforward amplifier
|11 Jan 1994
|22 Aug 1995
|Blama; Michael J.
|Radio frequency identification tag and method
|16 Feb 1994
|29 Aug 1995
|Motorola, Inc.
|RF tagging system including RF tags with variable frequency resonant circuits
|15 Dec 1994
|11 Mar 1997
|Goldstar Co., Ltd.
|Vegetable freshness keeping device having a sensor
|16 Aug 1996
|17 Nov 1998
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Object orientation sensor device
|9 Sep 1998
|26 Oct 1999
|Precision Dynamics Corporation
|Radio frequency identification tag on flexible substrate
|26 Aug 1996
|15 Aug 2000
|Addison Technologies
|Information storage and identification tag
|30 Dec 1997
|16 Oct 2001
|C. W. Over Solutions, Inc.
|Inductor-capacitor resonant circuits and improved methods of using same
|16 Feb 2001
|4 Jun 2002
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Microstrip antenna
|4 Apr 2001
|11 May 2004
|Ncr Corporation
|Radio frequency identification system and method
|2 Mar 2000
|2 Nov 2004
|Rf Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus combining a tracking system and a wireless communication system
|23 Aug 2002
|14 Jun 2005
|Broadcom Corporation
|Apparatus for generating a magnetic interface and applications of the same
|24 Apr 2003
|26 Jul 2005
|Inksure Rf Inc.
|Radio frequency data carrier and system for reading data stored therein
|12 Oct 2004
|21 Mar 2006
|Fractus, S.A.
|Multilevel Antennae
|19 Oct 2004
|30 Jan 2007
|Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
|Method of making a resonant frequency tag
|9 Nov 2010
|Marvell International Ltd.
|Movable tap finite impulse response filter
|13 Apr 2001
|1 Nov 2001
|Moseley Patrick T.
|Sensors for oxidizing gases
|23 Aug 2002
|6 Mar 2003
|Broadcom Corporation
|Apparatus for generating a magnetic interface and applications of the same
|23 Aug 2002
|13 Mar 2003
|Broadcom Corporation
|Antenna with a magnetic interface
|24 Apr 2003
|28 Oct 2004
|Inksure Rf Inc.
|Radio frequency data carrier and system for reading data stored therein
|30 Oct 2003
|5 May 2005
|Battelle Memorial Institute
|Flat antenna architecture for use in radio frequency monitoring systems
|28 Jan 2005
|28 Jul 2005
|Broadcom Corporation
|Inductor circuit with a magnetic interface
|29 Mar 2005
|4 Aug 2005
|Broadcom Corporation
|Methods of generating a magnetic interface
|22 Apr 2005
|10 Nov 2005
|Pope Gary W
|Shelf-life monitoring sensor-transponder system
|21 Jun 2005
|22 Dec 2005
|Pettus Michael G
|RFID system utilizing parametric reflective technology
|21 Jul 2005
|29 Dec 2005
|Carles Puente Baliarda
|Broadside high-directivity microstrip patch antennas
|6 Feb 2006
|7 Dec 2006
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Wireless response device, image forming apparatus, and equipment
|11 Aug 2006
|14 Feb 2008
|Colin Tanner
|Proximity payment card with user-actuated switch and methods of making the card
|16 Feb 2009
|23 Dec 2010
|Isis Innovation Limited
|Wireless Backscatter Interrogation of Passive, Resonant Sensor-LC-Tags
|A. Chamarti and K. Varahramyan, "Transmission Delay Line Based ID Generation Circuit for RFID Applications," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 588-590, 2006.
|C. Hausleitner, A. Pohl, M. Brandl, and F. Seifert, "New Concepts of Wireless Interrogable Passive Sensors Using Nonlinear Components," IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, Honolulu, HI, pp. 851-854, 2001.
|G. Marrocco, "Gain-Optimized Self-Resonant Meander Line Antennas for RFID Applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 2, pp. 302-305, 2003.
|Greg H. Huff and Jennifer T. Bernhard, "Integration of Packaged RF MEMS Switches with Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Square Spiral Microstrip Antennas", 54 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2, 2006.
|H. A. Wheeler, "Reflection Charts Relating to Impedance Matching," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-32, pp. 1008-1021, 1984.
|H.T.Su, Y. Wang, F. Huang, and M.J. Lancaster, "Wide-band Superconducting Microstrip Delay Line," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 52, pp. 2482-2487, 2004.
|J.K. Vemagiri, M.D. Balachandran, M. Agarwal and K. Varahramyan, "Development of Compact Half-Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for RFID Applications," Electronic Letters, vol. 43, No. 22, 2007.
|Jui-Han Lu, Chia-Luan Tang, Kin-Lu Wong, "Novel Dual Frequency and Broad-Band Designs of Slot-Loaded Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antennas", 48 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagations 2000, vol. 7, pp. 1048-1054.
|K.V. Seshagiri Rao, Pavel V. Nikitin, and Sander F. Lam, "Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tags: A Review and Practical Application," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, No. 12, pp. 3870-3876, 2005.
|K.V.S. Rao, "An Overview of Backscattered Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID)," Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, vol. 3, pp. 746-749, 1999.
|M.D. Balachandran, S. Shrestha, M. Agarwal, Y. Lvov and K. Varahramyan, "Sn02 Capacitive Sensor Integrated with Microstrip Patch Antenna for Passive Wireless Detection of Ethylene Gas," Electronics Letters, vol. 44, No. 7, Mar. 2008.
|Montesinos, et al, "The Sierpinski Fractal Bowtie Patch: A Multifracton-Mode Antenna", Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002, vol. 4, pp. 542-545.
|O. Petre and H.G. Kerkhoff, "On-Chip Tap-Delay Measurements for a Digital Delay-Line Used in High-Speed Inter-Chip Data Communications", Proceedings of the 11th Asian Test Symposium (ATS'02), IEEE 2002.
|Parron, et al, "Method of Moments Enhancement Technique for the Analysis of Sierpinski Pre-Fractal Angennas", 51 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 8, 2003.
|Ramisetti, Sireesha, Design and Development of an ID generation circuit for low-cost passive RFID-based applications, 2005.
|S. Mukherjee, "Passive Sensors Using RF Backscatter," Microwave Journal, vol. 47, pp. 96-108, 2004.
|S.R. Best, "Shunt-stub Line Impedance Matching: A Wave Reflection Analysis Tutorial," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 44, pp. 76-86, 2002.
|Shyh-Tirng Fang, Kin-Lu Wong, Tzung-Wern Chiou, "Bandwidth Enhancement of Inset-Microstrip-Line-Fed Equilateral-Triangular Microstrip Antenna", 34 Electronics Letters 23 1998, pp. 2184-2186.
|U.K. Dandgey, "Design and Development of a Microstrip Meanderline Antenna for an RFID-Based Passive Wireless Sensor Platform," M.S. Thesis, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, 2005.
|V. Subramanian, et al, "Progress towards development of all printed RFID tags: Materials, Processes and Devices," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, No. 7, pp. 1130-1338, Jul. 2005.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|8 Feb 2011
|15 Oct 2013
|Institut Polytechnique De Grenoble
|Chipless passive RFID tag
|13 Jan 2012
|4 Feb 2014
|Abbott Laboratories
|Articles containing chipless radio frequency identification elements
|10 Jun 2013
|22 Sep 2015
|Broadcom Europe Limited
|NFC communicators implementing coil voltage reduction circuitry
|23 May 2013
|15 Mar 2016
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|RFID tag distance measurer
|25 Oct 2012
|15 Mar 2016
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|RFID-based devices and methods for interfacing with a sensor
|20 Nov 2012
|15 Mar 2016
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatuses and methods for printed radio frequency identification (RFID) tags
|10 May 2012
|Abbott Laboratories
|Articles containing chipless radio frequency identification elements
|8 Feb 2011
|17 Jan 2013
|Universite De Savoie
|Chipless passive rfid tag
|25 Apr 2013
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|RFID-Based Devices and Methods for Interfacing with a Sensor
|10 Jun 2013
|17 Oct 2013
|Broadcom Innovision Limited
|NFC Communicators Implementing Coil Voltage Reduction Circuitry
|20 Nov 2012
|22 May 2014
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatuses and methods for printed radio frequency identification (rfid) tags
|23 May 2013
|27 Nov 2014
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Rfid tag distance measurer
|10 Apr 2015
|15 Oct 2015
|Mobile Dynamic Marketing, Inc.
|Rfid shielding
|22 Dec 2015
|28 Apr 2016
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Rfid tag distance measurer
|11 Oct 2012
|16 Apr 2014
|Luxin (Green Planet) AG
|Measurement of the ripeness of cocoa fruits
|U.S. Classification
|340/10.1, 235/492, 340/572.5, 340/572.9, 340/572.1, 29/846
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|29 Nov 2011
Owner name: LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION; A D
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VARAHRAMYAN, KHODADAD;SHRESTHA, SUDHIR;AGARWAL, MANGILAL;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080221 TO 20080225;REEL/FRAME:027289/0982
|10 Jul 2012
|Certificate of correction
|11 Nov 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|3 Feb 2016
Owner name: LOUISIANA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION, LOUISIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, A DIVISIONOF LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:037653/0323
Effective date: 20150924


text:
#1 Singles
Elvis was always a singles artist, and this box set recreates the giddy thrill of discovering the King's latest feats of musical derring-do, one song (plus a B-side) at a time. There are 20 CDs packed inside the artfully designed box, each featuring a lovingly detailed replica of the original single, right down to the grooves of the vinyl 45s. For younger fans who wonder what it was like to discover Elvis in potent four-to- six-minute blasts of two songs at a time, #1 Singles is a funif expensiveway to do just that. Chris Neal
Don't miss an issue! Subscribe to Nash Country Weekly.


text:
Microsoft Dynamics for Retail is a modern, unified retail solution that reduces complexity for retailers, freeing them to focus on connecting with customers and empowering their employees across all channels. It allows organizations to deliver a complete shopping experience that is personal, seamless, and differentiated.
Microsoft Dynamics for Retail enables retailers of all sizes, all around the world, to be dynamic. It delivers a complete shopping experience, with a seamless and differentiating omni-channel solution that is more modern, more mobile, and more global. End-to-end capabilities, from modern point of sale (POS) software solutions, store operations, merchandising, e-commerce, call center, marketing, and customer care, to supply chain, financials, and more, can be deployed in the way that makes the most sense for your business.
Microsoft Dynamics for Retail provides customer engagement capabilities that include store operations, channel management, order management, marketing and care, and business intelligence, along with more back office capabilities, like procurement and financials, in an end-to-end retail management solution delivering full visibility across the entire business.
These capabilities can be implemented as a comprehensive solution or as individual business functions to complement
existing technologies, allowing retailers to select the best option for them.
Customers shop on their terms
Today's customers live in a connected world and are well informed when making a purchase—before they even walk into a store. In a time when customers are shopping on their terms, retailers need to find ways to better serve and provide them with amazing in-store experiences! To best engage customers, retailers must empower their employees to provide excellent customer service. This is where point of sale (POS) can become point of service—using rich clienteling capabilities in the Microsoft Dynamics modern POS retail solution.
In the I Heart Customers e-book, we discuss how technology can help retailers drive results by fostering stronger customer engagement.
Don't just take our word for it! See what Forrester Consulting has to say about the impact of Windows tablets for assisted sales in retail.
Engage connected customers
Customers are connected and informed and want shopping choices. They want the option of going to a physical store, browsing on a tablet at home, or shopping on-the-go using a smartphone! E-commerce and social features in Microsoft Dynamics for Retail provide today's retailers with an opportunity to engage and connect with customers through an omni-channel shopping experience. Retailers can easily connect with friends and followers and can gather purchasing intentions and preferences on Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.
Market smarter
Easily plan, execute, and measure campaigns from start to finish. Bring your marketing vision to life—engage customers with personalized, multichannel campaigns, build pipeline, and demonstrate the impact of your marketing. Retail CRM features include:
To have control, you need a real-time view of your business and products. And, with that control, you can have more
efficient people and processes, a better handle on costs, happier customers and, ultimately, greater profits. Features
Increase insights into your financial organization, and streamline financial planning and performance management, while attending closely to cash flows, controls, costs, and risk, with one integrated solution that helps you reimagine finance to drive impact.
See how these companies are advancing with Microsoft Dynamics.


text:
From the Game Developer Conference in San Francisco comes a new, better-looking look at Nintendo's new Zelda game. C'mon, guys, it's coming up on five years since Twilight Princess; it's not like we need a refresher course in how to swing a Wiimote. [via Game Trailers]
New "Legend Of Zelda: Skyward Sword" Trailer Reminds Us We Own A Wii
Watch Now


text:
Rent The Real World of Democracy 2nd edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by C. B. MacPherson. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by House of Anansi Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


text:
We were on our way to Taroko National Park in eastern Taiwan. Nothing but small little towns out here, and still the rain follows us. Here's a motorcycle food cart we saw at pit stops. I liked the little windshield wiper.
Taiwan 2009: Street Food Vendor
See other posts tagged:
0 Comments
About this Entry
El Tour de Taco was the previous entry in this blog.
Taiwan 2009: How many Giants can you fit? is the next one.
Looking for something?
Search Bike Hugger
Most popular topics
- mobile social (231)
- gear (339)
- design (252)
- cyclocross (207)
- cross (186)
View all topics & browse the Bike Hugger Archives »
The Magazine
Subscribe & Follow
Subscribe to this blog's main feed
Magazine | Suffer Faces | Raise Your Seat
Watch us on Vine | Occasionally Periscope too.
Read us on Android and iOS with Currents and the Google Play Newsstand
Say Hello
About Bike Hugger
- A Textura Design blog
- Hosted by Engine Hosting
- © Copyright 2006-2015 Bike Hugger®
- All rights reserved.


text:
Definition of depublish in English:
Entry from US English dictionary
verb[with object]
chiefly Law Remove from an official record or publication: the Supreme Court may also elect to depublish a case on its own motion
More example sentences
- The Court defended the need to depublish in order to 'excise erroneous statements of law.'
- The Court seldom, if ever, depublishes a court of appeal decision for failure to satisfy those standards.
- Now that the opinion has been depublished, it can no longer be cited by litigants in California cases
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: de·pub·lish
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text: The Chic Wedding Cake Party Supplies feature a chic design of a white and yellow wedding cake with a polka dotted border. Make planning your party easy with our Chic Wedding Cake Party Packs. All you need to do is choose from basic, deluxe and ultimate with each one including tableware for eight and fun and colorful decorations. Mix and match our coordinating favors, decorations, activities and cake supplies with our Chic Wedding Cake Party Supplies.


text:
Italian design studio Supercake has created a customisable shelving system for growing and displaying plants, which is aimed at people living in rented accommodation (+ slideshow). More »
Tag: shelving
Peca crafts shelves and cubbyholes from volcanic rock
Mexican design studio Peca has handcrafted a collection of shelves by carving blocks of lava stone (+ slideshow). More »
Liam Treanor adds to collection of handcrafted minimal furniture
Clerkenwell Design Week 2016: British designer Liam Treanor has expanded his collection of handcrafted wood furniture to include shelves, a side table and a pendant light (+ slideshow). More »
Zaha Hadid's Valle shelves feature in latest range from Citco
Milan 2016: curving lines of black granite form this shelving system by Zaha Hadid, unveiled in Milan by Italian brand Citco a month after the Pritzker Prize-winning architect died unexpectedly (+ slideshow). More »
Industrial Facility designs plank-topped tables for Emeco
Milan 2016: London studio Industrial Facility has designed a range of desks and tables for American furniture company Emeco based on canteen tables and park benches (+ movie). More »
Note Design Studio launches Arch modular shelving system for Fogia
Stockholm 2016: Sweden-based Note Design Studio has created a collection of shelves for furniture brand Fogia that feature half-moon shapes created by bent wooden supports. More »
Muji shelving units combine to create a living space in Fumihiko Sano's installation
Tokyo architect Fumihiko Sano used Japanese design brand Muji's popular steel shelving system to create this room-like installation for an exhibition exploring standard units of measurement (+ slideshow). More »
Max Voytenko's Kroll shelves and tables have matching zigzag elements
Mario Tsai's Basket Tables can be easily moved into new locations
Nendo's expandable Nest shelves are embedded with carbon fibre
London Design Festival 2015: Japanese studio Nendo has created a sliding shelving unit strengthened with carbon-fibre sheets, which will debut at London's Somerset House next week (+ slideshow). More »
Tandem installs elaborate wooden shelving inside Hugg health and footwear store
Pitsou Kedem unveils first items from Object furniture and homeware collection
Israeli architects Pitsou Kedem and Irene Goldberg have created a series of nature-influenced products for the home, including a shelving system that references a rock formation and a sink based on an iceberg. More »
Legs protrude through tabletops
in Assembly Design's L Series
Kyuhyung Cho creates colourful
three-sided shelves for Menu
These three-sided metal shelves by Stockholm designer Kyuhyung Cho stack together in various combinations to separate small objects (+ slideshow). More »
Till Wiedeck designs multi-level
display stands for COS
The Link Shelf offers an update on
a classic modular shelving system
Penda's indoor planting modules provide
a "green oasis" inside Home Cafe
Room shelving system functions
like a huge shape-sorter toy
Stockholm designers Erik Olovsson and Kyuhyung Cho added different shaped holes to the stackable wooden blocks that make up this flexible shelving unit, creating spaces suited to displaying various items. More »
Sign up for a daily roundup
of all our stories


text:
Lillie Banks
Published: Friday, April 20, 2007 at 1:43 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, April 20, 2007 at 2:15 p.m.
Lillie Mae Banks, 80, a native of Freeport, Texas, and resident of Gonzales and long-time resident of Thibodaux, died at 8:30 p.m. Tuesday, April 17, 2007.
Visitation will be from 8 a.m. to funeral time Saturday at St. Joseph Co-Cathedral in Thibodaux. Mass will be at 11 a.m. Saturday at the church, with burial in the church cemetery.
She is survived by one son, Logan Banks; two daughters, Lillette Aptaker and Denella Freet; one brother, Richard Vallot; six grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Horace L. Banks Sr.; her parents, Osey and Beulah Vallot; one daughter, Celia Steger; and two brothers, James Osey Vallot and Victor Vallot.
Landrys Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


text:
Madison held that the child of aliens, if born on US soil, was a natural born citizen. Sorry. He did this on the floor of the First Congress. Case is closed.
Sign-up to receive our free newsletter.
Posted by Toria for clarity
Wong Kim Ark case is not applicable to natural born constitutional requirement
The 14th Amendment adopted into the Constitution in 1858 refers to jus soli of the soil, place / location of birth applies to just a citizen
Article II Section 1, Clause 5 of the Constitution states Natural Born jus sanguinis and applies to the President and Vice President. (Latin: right of blood) determined by the citizenship of the parents and on the soil of that same citizenship, all natural born.
The attorney for the people Mario Apuzzo, Esq. http://puzo1.blogspot.com/
By Mario Apuzzo, Esq.
April 10, 2012
Today, April 10, 2012, Nicholas E. Purpura and Theodore T. Moran had their Barack Obama primary ballot objection heard by Deputy Director and Administrative Law Judge, Jeff S. Masin, at the Office of Administrative Law, 9 Quakerbridge Plaza, Mercerville (Hamilton Twp.), New Jersey 08619. The case started about 9:30 a.m. and lasted to about 1:00 p.m. I represented the Objectors. Mr. Obama was represented by Alexandra Hill of the firm of Genova, Burn & Giantomasi of Newark, New Jersey.
We argued that Mr. Obama has not met his burden of showing that he is eligible to be on the New Jersey primary ballot by showing that he is a "natural born Citizen." We argued that he has not presented any evidence to the New Jersey Secretary of State showing who he is and that he was born in the United States. We also argued that as a matter of law, Obama is not a "natural born Citizen" because he was born to a father who was not a U.S. citizen.
Obama's attorney made a motion to dismiss the Objection in its entirety. She argued that it was not relevant to being placed on the ballot whether Mr. Obama is a "natural born Citizen," where he was born, and whether he was born to U.S. citizen parents. She said that no law in New Jersey obligated him to produce any such evidence in order to get on the primary ballot. We argued that Mr. Obama under the Constitution has to be a "natural born Citizen." We argued that under New Jersey law (the state constitution, statutes, and case law), Mr. Obama must show that he is qualified for the office he wishes to occupy and that includes showing that he is a "natural born Citizen," which includes presenting evidence of who he is, where he was born, and that he was born to two U.S. citizen parents. We argued that the Secretary of State has a constitutional obligation not to place any ineligible candidates on the election ballot. Judge Masin denied Obama's motion to dismiss and the case proceeded to trial.
After calling to the witness stand Mr. Moran and Mr. Purpura, who gave testimony as to why they brought the ballot challenge, and introducing documents showing there is a question as to Mr. Obama's identity, I called Brian Wilcox to testify as an internet image expert. Mr. Wilcox was going to testify on how the Obama April 27, 2011, long-form birth certificate has been altered and manipulated either by computer software or by a human or both, producing a forged documents, and that since the image is not reliable, we need to see the original paper version. Obama's lawyer objected to my proffered testimony. I then offered that I would not need to have Mr. Wilcox testify, provided that Obama stipulated that the internet image of his birth certificate could not be used as evidence by either Judge Masin or the New Jersey Secretary of States and that he presented to the court or the Secretary of State no other evidence of his identity or place of birth. Judge Masin also asked Obama's attorney whether she would so stipulate. She did so stipulate, agreeing that both the court and the Secretary of State cannot rely on the internet birth certificate as evidence of Obama's place of birth and that Obama has produced no other evidence to the court regarding his place of birth. She also argued that Obama has no legal obligation to produce any such evidence to get on the primary ballot. Judge Masin then took the issue under advisement. Having produced absolutely no evidence of his eligibility for the Office of President, Judge Masin will decide whether as a matter of law Obama has a legal duty to produce such evidence before he may be placed on the New Jersey ballot in light of the pending objection filed against him. If he decides that he does, then the Objection will be successful. If he decides that Obama has no such legal obligation, the Objection would fail on the first issue.
The second issue that Judge Masin addressed was whether the definition of an Article II "natural born Citizen" includes the requirement that the child be born to two U.S. citizen parents. Judge Masin relied heavily upon the fact that no court in the nation has yet ruled that Mr. Obama had to have two U.S. citizen parents at the time of his birth. I explained that most cases regarding Mr. Obama have been ruled in his favor on procedural grounds rather than on the merits of the definition of a "natural born Citizen." He relied heavily upon U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) and its use of the English common law to define U.S. citizenship. We also discussed the Indiana Ankeny decision and the Georgia ballot access cases. I explained how Wong did not hold that Wong was a "natural born Citizen," but only a "citizen of the United States" under the Fourteenth Amendment which does not define an Article II "natural born Citizen." I explained that Wong distinguished between a "citizen" and a "natural born Citizen," explaining how Justice Gray used Horace Binney's distinction between both classes of citizens. I argued that it is error to rely upon Wong as though it held Wong to be a "natural born Citizen."
I argued that the Founders and Framers did not adopt the English common law to define the term, but rather natural law and the law of nations which under Article III became part of the "Laws of the United States." I explained that the definition of a "natural born Citizen" comes from natural law and the law of nations as commented upon by Emer de Vattel in Section 212 of The Law of Nations (1758), which definition was recognized as American "common-law" in Minor v. Happersett (1875). I also explained that Wong Kim Ark confirmed Minor's definition (a child born in a country to citizen parents) and did not change it.
I explained that Congress through the Naturalization Acts of 1790, 1795, 1802, and 1855 abrogated the English common law as the law to define U.S. citizenship and that through those acts it told us that a child born in the United States to alien parents was an alien and not a "citizen of the United States." I went through the historical evidence, including but not limited to Emer de Vattel and St. George Tucker, which shows that the Founders and Framers defined a "natural born Citizen" as a child born in the country to citizen parents and not as the English common law defined a "natural born subject." I explained how Madison wrote to Washington that at the constitutional convention, the delegates did not adopt the English common law for the new republic. I explained that the English common law continued to have effect in the states, even being included in their constitutions and statutes, but not on the federal level where both the Constitution and Acts of Congress did not do the same as the states did. I explained that there is a constitutional distinction between a "citizen" and a "natural born Citizen," and that the two terms cannot be conflated and confounded as per Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 and Chief Justice John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison, who told us that each clause of the Constitution must be given its own meaning. Judge Masin also reserved decision on the question of whether a "natural born Citizen" must be born to two U.S. citizen parents.
Judge Masin will be contacting counsel today or tomorrow morning either by telephone or email as to his decision, stating "yes" or "no" on both issues. He will then provide his written decision to the Secretary of State no later than Wednesday, April 11, 2012, at 10:00 a.m. Counsel will be able to object to Judge Masin's initial decision. The Secretary of State a Republican will make the final decision. After her decision, the parties can then appeal to the New Jersey Appellate Division and then to the New Jersey Supreme Court. After that, the parties can appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Mario Apuzzo, Esq.
April 10, 2011
Update April 9, 2012
Madison held that the child of aliens, if born on US soil, was a natural born citizen. Sorry. He did this on the floor of the First Congress. Case is closed.
Quote your source on Madison & Natural Born.
Page 420 is Madison saying place of birth alone is sufficient and no further inquiry into parentage is necessary. "iIt is what applies in the United States."
During debate on seating a member.
It has never been the practice in the US, at any time, to require that a natural born citizen must have two citizen parents. This is simply a fabrication by Obama haters. Not only is there no precedent at all for it, the Supreme Court actually ruled otherwise in the Wong case, which has been cited for more than a century in this roper context. Birth on US soil is alone sufficient, even to alien parents. Our tradition since colonial times.
Maxin Waters stated on the floor of congress that we went to Mars. Does that make it true or law in any way? Hell no. Good try Kool-Aid!!
The Supreme Court as it is should be impeached but for one. Obama, A PRIVATE CITIZEN, 3 days before the inaugeration, met with 8 members of the supreme court. A Quorum, with NO DOCUMENTATION OR NOTES of the meeting. Completely violating the law and rules. Ever wonder what happened behind those closed doors. Scalia has spoken out about this VIOLATION of LAW in many instances. An example of a Banana Republic not the Rule of Law!
@AlCum, "Madison held that the child of aliens, if born on US soil, was a natural born citizen. Sorry. He did this on the floor of the First Congress. Case is closed. "
The case you refer to is concerning qualifications for office in So Carolina.
The qualifications for President provide more stringent regulations. The requirement of
Natural Born Citizen is to protect the nation from a person who would be elected and hold dual
citizenship. Obama has allegiance, by birth, to a Father who was a British Citizen (Kenyen territory) and
a Step-Father who adopted him in Indonesia. Indonesia required that in order to adopt, the child must become
an Indonesian citizen. That in itself is enough to disqualify Obama. To date, there is no documentation
proving Obama renounced his Indonesian citizenship.
Back to your reference, begin on page 414, Mr. Smith's citizenship is in question regarding his qualification to serve South Carolina, not serve as President of the United States.
Alcum said it all when he tells us in one word that Obama is a U.S. citizen just because of his Hawaiian Certificate of Live Birth. His "proof" is a forged document that is not a Birth Certificate. It comes from Hawaiian officials. Hawaii is what… about 110% Democrat? I add the extra 10% because of the number of dead Democrats who continue to vote after death. We have no word or records from the Obstretician who delivered Obama, and he and his family can't even be consistant on what Hawaiian Hospital he was born in. We cannot see his educational records because the "most transparent administration in history" continues to hide the truth. Nice try Alcum.
I am a French attorney with over 25 years experience, including editing Emerich de Vattel's original texts in English translation for publication. I have no informed opinion as to whether Mr Obama meets your constitutional requirements or not. However I can say without doubt or ambiguity that Mr Apuzzo's analysis of what Vattel wrote is entirely wrong and misconstrued. Assuming for argument's sake that one were to equate Vattel's definitions of indigenes with that of your term "natural-born citizen" (which is highly debatable), Mr Obama would meet Vattel's definition as there is no such thing as a two-parents requirement in Vattel (only the use of a group plural in one sentence taken out of context) and further parents actually means blood relatives, not just mother/father.
It should be of no concern as the AMERICAN PEOPLE come November will vote him out with or without his name on the ballot……
Apuzzo is also entirely incorrect in his reading of Minor v Happersett. That case does not support birther claims but contradicts them. The Supreme Court explicitly states in the very ruling that it is NOT defining who is a natural born citizen and that many authorities hold that the child of aliens may well be. The Wong case came later and did settle it. The matter is closed.
It is not the matter which is closed, but the minds who refuse to grasp the obvious. Your resort to Madison's defense of Mr. Smith is an example of such a thing. Madison's point was that Mr. Smith was a citizen of South Carolina when the State became part of the Nation, and therefore Mr. Smith became a part of the nation at that same time.
The creation of the New Federal system under the US Constitution in 1787 changed all that. Among the things thrown out were the English notions of subjectship, to be replaced with "citizen". As a relic of a Monarchical based legal system, the feudal doctrine of jus soli was dispensed with, and replaced by the dual jus soli jus sanguinus system.
The most obvious conflict with your notion that the Madison affair settles the issue is the fact that the founders saw the need to add an exception for themselves in Article II. If just being born in a State was enough to make you a "natural born citizen", why did they add the grandfather clause?
Here is a link to someone purported to be James Madison explaining that being born in a state is not enough to secure Federal Citizenship.
The Newspaper is from 1810.
<img src=http://naturalborncitizen.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/alex-her-clip2.jpg?w=450&h=313>
interesting how you comment on an article where obama's attorney says that his birth certificate was a forgery n you continue to say that it was real.
Obama can be impeached on grounds of fraud! He fraudently supplied a fake birth certificate with the intention of deceiving the American citizens. He was fully aware as he went public that he supplied the certificate even though someon else created it. Another thing I heard in this article was his attorney state the State of New Jersey did not require proof of his birth in order to be on the ballot. Every state needs to enact laws immediately requiring any person running for the Presidency and Vice Presidency to provide verifiable proof of birth, ie a long form birth certificate (note a certificate of live birth). The fact all these years have gone by an this no legislation has been enacted concerning this issue says alot.
Full News Release and background research for journalists here: http://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2012/04/obama-i…
Are you interested in being a plaintiff? We have developed a "Do It Yourself Ballot Challenge Kit" that is useable in many states and is available at: http://doityourselfballotchallenge.org/
obama attorney admits in court that the birth certificate is a fake. What more proof do we need. Take him off the ballott in all states. Forrest Strickler
No, she didn't. This has been proven to be an outright lie.
Obama is a natural born killer
With a entitlement minded theiving liberal society, backed by a corrupt government hellbent on turning its subjects into simpering, begging mass of nobodies…its easy to visualize a ruler being in power who does not meet the basic requirements for office…a muslim who cares not whether your black or white, just that your rights need to be stripped, your constitution destroyed, and your monetary system pounded into the stoneage…worthless…and the last step…your physical elimination from this planet…don't agree? Just watch…sheeeple…eat your grule, sit in your corner while they tax and waste your hard work…and whip you for more…or better yet, pull down the blinders and pretend everythings AOK…and don't see it coming…thats easier…
What about the Social Securit number, Obama is using? This man is so full of lies and what does he have to hide? Simply show all the records. Common sense, Nothing to hide, put them out there and NOT a forgery!
Social Security number (SSN) is being used by President Obama: Jean Paul Ludwig, who was born in France in 1890, emigrated to the United States in
1924, and was assigned SSN 042-68-4425, Obama's current SSN, in or about March of 1957. Ludwig lived most of his adult life in Connecticut . Because of that, his SSN begins with the digits 042, which are among only a select few reserved for Connecticut residents. Obama has never lived or worked in that state. Therefore, there is no reason on earth for his SSN to start with the digits 042. None whatsoever! Now comes the best part! Ludwig spent the final months of his life in Hawaii , where he died.
If one has nothing to hide, common sense, than just show all the records! Simple. But he spends 2 million dollars and still puts out a fordge document! Why? There is a video out now that shows many clips of him speaking of his Muslin religion and much more. Look for it. Social Security number (SSN) is being used by President Obama: Jean Paul Ludwig, who was born in France in 1890, emigrated to the United States in
1924, and was assigned SSN 042-68-4425, Obama's current SSN, in or about March of 1957. Ludwig lived most of his adult life in Connecticut . Because of that, his SSN begins with the digits 042, which are among only a select few reserved for Connecticut residents. Obama has never lived or worked in that state. Therefore, there is no reason on earth for his SSN to start with the digits 042. None whatsoever! Now comes the best part! Ludwig spent the final months of his life in Hawaii , where he died.
only a LEGIT potus who has committed impeachable offenses should be impeached… Obama however, apparently proven to be ILLIGETIMATE must be charged , tried and appropriately fined, punished, sentenced. To Impeach such a usurper would legalize all that crooks decisions…
actually, the stipulation made by Obama's attorney was to the validity of using an internet image, no comment was made about the actual certificate on display only the image. watch the video. unfortunately, the ALJ provided advice based upon the hearing and the NJ Secretary of State approved the ballot entry "indorsing" (sic) Obama. Not sure what "indorsing" means, must be Jersey term.
This is a silly and desperate act to discredit Obama. My son is an American Citizen and so am I. My son's father is a New Zealand Cit and we never married. In fact my son's father hold's a New Zealand and British Citizenship. My son was born in California like I was. The Air Force enlisted my son and gave him one of the highest security clearances you can get. If they except him as a US Citizen… then end of story. If Obama was born in US to a US Cit Mother he a US Citizen. Period. Last but not least I think this natural born citizen rule is crap anyway. You tell me because someone was born in a small country that they can't come here become a Citizen and then become a SPY? Get over it. We have a black man as a two term president. In the end this is all becasue he is black. Its just disgusting how many bigots are in the country. I want another liberal black man to run after Obama's second term. I trust the blacks in this country more than you bigoted cruel whites! I don't freakin tell me some of your best friends are black! It's crap you are bigots!
Barbara, Obama's white half is not qualified either…..
Come on……..throwing the race bomb doesn't work anymore.
Another reason he is unqualified is due to his adoption by Soetoro, his
step-father. He became an Indonesian citizen by that act. That in itself
makes him unqualified, BUT there's more! There is NO documentation that
proves he ever renounced the Indonesian citizenship. A person can not be
a dual citizen, or citizen of another country and be the President of the USA.
Nationality Act of 1940, revised 1952, Section 318(a) states, "A former citizen of the United States expatriated through the expatriation of such person's parent or parents and who has not acquired the nationality of another country by any affirmative act other than the expatriation of his parent or parents may be naturalized upon filing a petition for naturalization before reaching age of Twenty-Five [25] years and upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws with the following exceptions: (b) No former citizen of the United States, expatriated through the expatriation of such person's parent or parents shall be obliged to comply with the requirements of the immigration laws, if he has not acquired the nationality of another country by any affirmative act other than the expatriation of his parent or parents, and if he/she has come or shall come to the United States before reaching the age of twenty-five years. (c) After his naturalization such person shall have the same citizenship status as if he had not been expatriated."
"Indonesia required Obama/Soetoro to do a bit more upon his 18th birthday. In fact the Indonesian law gives until the age of Twenty-One [21]. Soetoro/Obama would have had to sign an Affidavit relinquishing his Indonesian citizenship and said Affidavit had to be sent to the Indonesian Government before reclaiming any U.S. citizenship he may have once held.
When it comes to the citizenship of individuals in other countries, we are prevented from interfering, Hague Convention 1930. During the late 1960′s all the way up until 2006 Indonesia did not allow dual citizenship. In 2006, Indonesia changed their laws to permit dual citizenship; however, Indonesia has had its battles with enforcing their new law permitting dual citizenship. " Berg
Berg continues, " From the legal research we have done, it appears that Soetoro became an Indonesian citizen. When Soetoro/Obama was approximately four [4] years old his parents divorced and thereafter, Soetoro/Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, married Lolo Soetoro, a citizen of Indonesia. Evidence points to the fact that Lolo Soetoro either signed a government form legally 'acknowledging' Soetoro/Obama as his son or 'adopted' Soetoro, either of which changed any citizenship status Soetoro/Obama had to a "natural" citizen of Indonesia. At the time Barry Soetoro was in Indonesia, all Indonesian students were required to carry government identity cards or Karty Tanda Pendudaks, as well as family card identification called a Kartu Keluarga. The Kartu Keluarga is a family card which bears the legal names and citizenship status of all family members.
Soetoro/Obama was registered in a public school as an Indonesian citizen by the name of Barry Soetoro. Indonesia did not allow foreign students to attend their public schools in the late 1960's or 1970's, and any time a child was registered for a public school, the child's name and citizenship status were verified through the Indonesian Government. I see no way for Soetoro/Obama to have attended school in Jakarta, Indonesia legally unless he was an Indonesian citizen, as Indonesia was under tight rule and was a Police State. See Constitution of Republic of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945), Law No. 62 of 1958.
These facts indicate that Obama/Soetoro is an Indonesian citizen, and therefore he is not eligible to be President of the United States. and his father was listed as Lolo Soetoro, M.A according to the Indonesian school records. Indonesia did Constitution of Republic of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945), Chapter 13, Law No. 62 of 1958 (all citizens of Indonesia have a right to education). There was Under Indonesian law, when a male acknowledges a child as his son, it deems the son, in this case Soetoro/Obama, an Indonesian State citizen. See Constitution of Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 62 of 1958 concerning Immigration Affairs and Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata) (KUHPer) (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie).
Furthermore, under the Indonesian adoption law, once an Indonesian citizen adopts a child, the adoption severs the child's relationship to the birth parents, and the adopted child is given the same status as a natural child and the child takes the name of his step-father, in this case, Soetoro. See Indonesian Constitution, Article 2.
The Indonesian citizenship law was designed to prevent apatride (stateless) or bipatride (dual) citizenship. Indonesian regulations recognized neither apatride nor bipatride (stateless or dual) citizenship. Since Indonesia did not allow dual citizenship; neither did the United States (since the United States only permitted dual citizenship when 'both' countries agree); and since Obama/Soetoro was a "natural" citizen of Indonesia, the United States would not step in or interfere with the laws of Indonesia. Hague Convention of 1930."
As a result of Soetoro/Obama's Indonesian 'natural' citizenship status, Soetoro/Obama could never regain U.S. 'natural born' status, if he in fact he ever held such, which we doubt. Soetoro/Obama could have only become 'naturalized' if the proper paperwork were filed with the U.S. State Department, after going through U.S. Immigration upon his return to the United States; in which case, Soetoro/Obama would have received a Certification of Citizenship indicating 'naturalized'. Berg continued, "Regardless, we have been unable to locate any records indicating that Soetoro/Obama attempted to and/or actually did take the proper steps through the State Department in order to be here in our Country legally" Further, there is no evidence that Soetoro/Obama ever 'legally' changed his name from Barry Soetoro to Barack Hussein Obama – therefore his legal name is still 'Barry Soetoro'.
So, if you can produce the documents that this is NOT true, I'll read them. Otherwise Obama is a Soro-Usurper and must be removed.
Case is NOT closed, Mr Cum
He didn't need to do this as his mother was not an expatriate. Her US passport records indicate that she had a US passport continously from 1965 until her death in the the 1980's.
Read Perkins v. Elg, a parent cannot give up a minor child's citizenship.
Indonesian citizenship laws are immaterial, for US citizenship only US laws apply.
It doesn't ,matter what color he is if he is not qualified to be the President. What a crock of shit Barbara Ann. The only bigot is you mam and I am black. You put a bad name on the blacks and I will have to say that I see more blacks being bigots than whites. Please refrain from posting such uneducated comments and throwing the race card in.
Instead of all this arguing over semantics and meanings of words, just ask yourself a few common sense questions
How is it possible that Obama Sr and Ms Dunham were legally married, when he was already married in Kenya? How is it possible there is no legal record of this marriage?
Why didn't Barry know which hospital he was born in? In allowing family members to register the foreign birth of a child as a Hawaiian birth, did official mark those birth certificates in some way to show that they were not actually born in Hawaii?
Why are there missing passport records to and from Hawaii in the summer of 1961?
Why did Obama release a certification instead of a birth certificate, and then declare it was the only thing Hawaii gives out, when many others were given the long form birth certificate?
Why did the state of Hawaii say they had his birth information on file, yet not state he was born in Hawaii? Why did Gov. Abercrombie say he would release Obama's birth certificate and then release a statement saying it couldn't be found?
Why did Barry say his family lived together until he was two, when the evidence shows he and Ms Dunham were actually in Seattle in mid-August 1961 because she was attending school there? While Obama Sr was still in Hawaii?
Why was he listed as a citizen in Indonesia with his step-father's last name? What passport did he travel to Indonesia on and what happened to those records? What passport did he use to travel to Hawaii at age eleven to move in with the grandparents and is that the same passport he used to travel to Pakistan in 1981? Where did that passport go?
In 2006 during a televised C-Span debate bewteen himself and Alan Keyes, Keyes stated he was ineligible to be a US Senator because he was not born here. Barry responded, not by saying that he was born here, but by saying that he wasn't running for the presidency so his birthplace did not matter. Why?
Why did he give an interview to the Chicago papers, in which he was referred to as the "Kenyan born Senator"?
Why did he spend three years paying attorneys to keep this case out of court instead of just releasing the actual birth certificate?
Why then, after the big production of finally releasing it, is his attorney now state this document is NOT evidence of his birth or place of birth?
Why, after being sworn in , was his first act to sign an executive order sealing his records?
great post, Kim!
AND, what has he done to damage this nation since he has been elected?
Read, Trickle Down Tyranny, documented facts~ This unqualified president
should have been arrested by now. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006208397X?ie=UT…
just a note on Ramsay vs. Smith (born in Charleston, S.C.) which was incompletely referred to above:
"It is an established maxim, that birth is the criterion of allegiance," declared Representative James Madison of Virginia in his colleague's defense. "Mr. Smith founds his claim upon his birthright; his ancestors were among the first settlers of [South Carolina]."
Since Obama acknowledged his elementary school, it indirectly verifies acknowledgement of his alias. We need ALL passport records for Barry Soetoro as well as for the identity Barack Obama. If Barry's school records were transferred, then Barry had an education. . . Let's go to the other route and assume for the sake of argument that the alias Barry Soetoro had a fictitious and fraudulent school application, and was actually a United States Citizen impersonating an Indonesian, to unlawfully gain benefit from the facilities of that country. This would mean that Barack, alias Barry, has an almost lifelong history of identity, citizenship, and education fraud. Should you trust the word of such lifelong defrauder, or documents that he produced (either manufactured or brought forth)? All education records should be unsealed for BOTH names. I will allow the institutes to blackout (or whiteout) his individual grades and GPA, and I don't need to see his alleged Thesis. However, I do need to see when each class was attended, and the student name and student number (usually also SS#) on each semester's transcript.
How about all the actual videos of Obama admitting he is not a citizen and was born in Kenya as well as the Kenyan president making that admission? Add that to the above and I don't see that there is any question as to whether or not Obama is qualified to be the President of the United States. The fact that he is, and his czars continue to act as elected officials, shows someone has a hold on someone or this would be front page news. What advantage is there to Obama admitting he is not a citizen, I just think he slipped up and now it's coming back to bite him. Even without his personal admission, the statements of others in Kenyan power should be good enough along with the irregularities in the various fake birth certificates. How about his use of unassigned social security numbers? That's certainly worth more research!
Natural born ! Does that exclude those born by Caesarean section ? That would make alot of sense. Especially for religious folk, who look down on those born by being "ripped from their mother's womb" instead of entering this world by natural birth. For thousands of years msocieties have considered being ripped from the womb as a sign of evil birth. Now it's all clear. Did Obama have a natural birth? Or was he ripped from the womb?
There is NO WAY the Framers, Blackstone, Justice Swift, Horace Gray, Black's Legal Dictionary, or anyone else could have found in 17th century English common law, that native-birth sufficed to make a natural born subject, then adopted such an absurd notion, because it's NOT THERE at all, in fact the opposite is to be found.
Lord Coke – Calvin's case….
""There be regulary (unlesse it be in special cases) three incidents to a subject born.
1. That the parents be under the actual obedience of the king.
2. That the place of his birth be within the king's dominion.
And 3. the time of his birth is chiefly to be considered"
"it is to be observed, that it is nec coelum, nec solum,54 neither the climate nor the soyl, but ligeantia and obedientia that make the subject born"
So IF the Framers had observed the English common law principles to determine a "natural born Citizen (as is your absurd contention), then for a native-born child to be an Article II "natural born Citizen", the child would have to be born under the allegiance of a US citizen.
Pingback: WeAreChangeTV.US – Obama Lawyers Admit Birth Certificate Is A Forgery


text:
Dec 31
Bobaflex plays New Years Eve at the world famous Alrosa Villa in Columbus, OH! With special guests: Strikken Despairagon Roxy Mae The Divine Tragedy The Abstract Genesis
Jun 6
Free Camping! 2 days!!! 18+ bands/live acts!! NO BOTTLES, BYOB! NO FIGHTING, NO WEAPONS!
May 17
Preliminary battle for a spot at this year's Mayhem Fest!!!
Sep 21
MadMan Productions presents: Clean vs. Scream tour featuring Darling Waste, w/ special guest Despairagon!!! Saturday, September 21st, 2013! All ages!!
Apr 20
Bound By Fate
Sounds Like: DevilDriver, Pantera, Mudvayne, Slipknot, Lamb of God
Bio: Risen from the ashes of past indifferences...Despairagon lives!!!
Despairagon is comprised of lifetime fans of heavy metal and thrash, and have culminated years of material and ideas into a new creation. The band started with Adam "Van" Vanover and Rick Lee, former members of many different loca...See Full Bio
Guitar, writing/composing
Rick Cox
Gunther Helfrich
Trip Kane
Guitar, Vocals


text:
OK, so the city of Boulder wants more renewable energy. Great, then why do they want to buy the local electric distribution from Xcel? Buying the wires and the distribution system does nothing to bring more renewable energy on the grid. That will require additional expense and further delay.
You are here
SEIA is the solar energy industry's go-to source for the latest coverage on solar power, including U.S. and international policy, research and polls, business and financing trends, and more. Our staff strives to support the media covering solar energy issues and guide our members on effective media outreach with clear statements, background materials, news and multimedia resources.
SEIA is committed to informing policymakers, the media, and the American public about the benefits of solar energy for today's communities, our economy, and our country.
Learn more from our statements and industry news below.
New Jobs Report Shows Solar Continuing Record Growth
WASHINGTON, D.C. – With today's release of The Solar Foundation's National Solar Jobs Census, Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), issued the following statement:
Patent Map Reveals Rise Of Thin-Film Solar Technology
I am a sucker for data visualization graphics, especially if the data being visualized is related to energy innovation.
Needless to say, I was thrilled to discover a dynamic mapping of the geographic history of thin-film solar cell innovation developed by researchers at the University of Amsterdam.
'America Supports Solar' Campaign Kicks Off
WASHINGTON, DC – Did you know that solar energy in the United States is now generating enough electricity to power 2 million American homes, including the White House? Or that the payback on installing a home heating and cooling system (SHC) can be as little as four years? Would you be surprised to learn leading blue chip companies like Walmart, Apple, Costco, Kohl's and IKEA are saving big bucks by installing rooftop solar? Or that just one utility-scale solar facility can power 170,000 homes?
Businesses, Environmental Groups Rally Behind National 'Shout Out For Solar' Day
WASHINGTON, DC – Saying "solar makes sense," leading businesses and environmental groups will join hundreds of thousands of people across the United States and around the world in support of the Solar Energy Industries Association's (SEIA) National "Shout Out For Solar" Day – set for Friday and taking place on Facebook, Twitter and other social media platforms.
Solar Energy Is Ready. The U.S. Isn't
Clean energy has become a dirty word in presidential politics. In their second debate, Mitt Romney and Barack Obama each tried to outdo the other's love of fossil fuels: Obama extolling his record on oil and natural gas production, Romney vowing to take "advantage of the oil and coal we have here." The Republican candidate has ridiculed the administration's $535 million loan guarantee to Solyndra, the bankrupt California-based solar panel maker, and accused Obama of living "in an imaginary world where government-subsidized windmills and solar panels could power the economy."
Cities Enticed by Pay-if-You-Save Energy Deals
WHEN the city of Brea, Calif., about 25 miles southeast of Los Angeles, set out to reduce its carbon emissions and save money on energy costs, the challenge was the same faced by many other cities nationwide: allocating the funds to pay for the program.
Democrats Seek to Aid Solar With Control of Arizona Board
Arizona Democrats are vying to wrest control of the state utility board so they can expand the use of solar energy in the nation's sunniest state.
Ikea uses sun, wind to become energy independent
Energy independence by 2020? The idea has been touted on the U.S. presidential campaign trail, but global home furnishings retailer Ikea is announcing plans Tuesday to achieve that goal with solar and wind power.
Schools Raise the Roof on Solar Energy
Renewable Energy World
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- In one 50-minute period last month, the Intro to Engineering students at Chatfield High School in Jefferson County, Colorado, charted the strength of solar panels at their desks, then climbed through a trap door to examine the 100-kilowatt solar array on their school's flat roof.


text:
Definition of nougat in English:
A candy made from sugar or honey, nuts, and egg white.
Example sentences
- Baking is somewhat less important in Mediterranean countries, where nut and sugar confections such as nougat sustain the sweet toothed.
- To begin with, it was all puddings and cakes and sweets, and I would make fudge, toffee, nougat.
- This promised the delights of creme caramel, homemade French nougat, ice-cream and pancakes.
Early 19th century: from French, from Provençal nogat, from noga 'nut'.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: nou·gat
Definition of nougat in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
About Apple iClub Website
The Apple iClub website is to assist members with information about the iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, Apple TV and Watch. We hope you enjoy exploring the various areas of the site.
Check out our FAQ section by tapping or clicking the button belowFAQ
Club Websites in the Villages
Featuring Help for Apple Products
Welcome to the Apple iClub
The Villages Apple User Group (TVAUG) has a sub group for iOS users of iPads, iPhones & iPod touches, called the Apple iClub, which meets on the second Monday of each month, at the Saddlebrook Recreation Center.
In between meetings iOS information will be available on this site with tips, tricks, news, tutorials and other odds & ends for and about iOS devices.
Apple User Group's Calendar
Current Apple iOS User Guides
iPod Touch User Guide for iOS 8.4
The meetings are open to members of the Villages Apple User Group that are interested in iOS devices. If space is available, first time visitors are welcome.
Meetings will be at the Saddlebrook Recreation Center, 3010 Saddlebrook Lane, The Villages, FL 32162 off of N. Buena Vista Blvd., on the second Monday, of each month, at 6:30 pm.
The meetings are all about helping owners of Apple's iPad, iPhone, & iPod Touch. Each meeting will include a presentation from members about the various aspects of iOS devices and the iOS operating system.
iClub Posts
To view our posts. . . . .
Click or tap the button below.
(Newest posts are on the top)
"For those interested in iOS devices - iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, TV & Watch"


text:
- Report: #940405
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Eric Shasha FACTOR EXCHANGE
Eric Shasha FACTOR EXCHANGE18880 Von Karman Irvine, California United States of America
Eric Shasha FACTOR EXCHANGE Irvine Ca Hacker, Cyber Criminal, Wire Fraud, False Advertisement, False Contracts, Unethical Businesses Practices Irvine, California
Ripoff Report
About you?
Ripoff Report
A business' first
line of defense
on the Internet.
If your business is
willing to make a
commitment to
customer satisfaction
Click here now..
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
He said I had received a loan from Business Funding of America and had not repaid the loan. I told him I did not apply for a loan with he or Factor Exchange or anyone i worked for this creep Eric. He said the court costs were going to be $8,582.67 and $1,150.00. This guy just fired me and owes me over 7000.00 in pay he on drugs again put down the pipe and stop snorting the Yaoooo Shasha. He thought i was a client that is how sick his head is he can't keep his s**t strait cause he is on meds and dope. [continued below]....
He said my employer would be contacted. I said I had been employed for three years with Eric. I finally hung up on him because he would not listen to me. He called back but I did not answer. This same man had called me last night at 2am,3am every 5 minutes with the same story and threatening me with violence over the phone and by text. Anyone out there who has worked with eric knows he is a real liar and is very unstable watch him closely he looks like he will snap any second and lies to everyone about his business. what Eric won't tell you is how he ripped off his friends and family for over 200,000.00 dollars yes i know because he bragged about it and spent there money and himself while promising BIG returns$$$$.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 09/12/2012 08:43 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Eric-Shasha-FACTOR-EXCHANGE/Irvine-California-92660/Eric-Shasha-FACTOR-EXCHANGE-Irvine-Ca-Hacker-Cyber-Criminal-Wire-Fraud-False-Advertis-940405. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report.
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on Eric Shasha FACTOR EXCHANGE
If you would like to see more Rip-off Reports on this company/individual, search here:Search Tips
In order to assure the best results in your search:
- Keep the name short & simple, and try different variations of the name.
- Do not include ".com", "S", "Inc.", "Corp", or "LLC" at the end of the Company name.
- Use only the first/main part of a name to get best results.
- Only search one name at a time if Company has many AKA's.
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.