text: Virtual Charter NC Charter Chief Becomes Head Of Online Charter School By Lisa Worf • Jun 5, 2015 Lisa Worf / WFAE Listen Listening... / 4:14 The Director of North Carolina's Office of Charter Schools took a new job this week. He is now the head of an online charter school that won approval from the state board of education this year. It made us wonder what policies the state has to ensure public employees aren't applying for jobs with the same groups they may be vetting or negotiating contracts with. There aren't many. NC School Board Questions Online Charter Applicants By Lisa Worf • Jan 9, 2015 Mike Burns / Flickr - bit.ly/14CCwbd Two online charter schools could serve up to 3,000 students in North Carolina next year. They would be the first schools of their kind in the state. The state school board asked those groups some tough questions this week. Listen Listening... / 2:22 Getting Closer To Rules For Online Charters By Lisa Worf • Feb 28, 2014 Baddog_ / Flickr Two virtual charter schools run by for-profit companies are trying to open schools in North Carolina. These would be the first online charters in the state. A group appointed by the state board of education to help recommend rules for these types of schools is wrapping its work up. They completed their discussions this week. Listen Listening... / 1:15 WFAE Talks: Media Snowjob, Virtual Education, Streetcar (AKA Gold Line) By Greg Collard, Lisa Worf & Ben Bradford • Jan 30, 2014 @CharlotteNCGov / Twitter Greg, Lisa and Ben discuss media hype over this week's winter storm, the debate over virtual charter schools and Charlotte's latest efforts to build a streetcar extension. Tough Questions Need Answers Before NC Gives OK To Online Charter Schools By Lisa Worf • Jan 30, 2014 Baddog_ / Flickr Two virtual charter schools run by for-profit companies are trying to open schools in North Carolina. In the past, the state board of education has refused to consider these schools. But this year the board appointed a group to figure out how to evaluate virtual charters. The group heard from those two companies this week. They say it's not fair to compare them to brick-and-mortar schools. Listen Listening... / 3:26 NC Court Of Appeals Rules Online Charter's Application Doesn't Stand By Lisa Worf • Dec 3, 2013 The North Carolina Court of Appeals says a group wanting to open an online charter school in the state will have to apply again. The group backed by the for-profit virtual charter operator K12 argued the state should have allowed it to open last year. Three Groups Want To Open Online Charters In 2015 By Lisa Worf • Nov 12, 2013 Nicola since 1972 / Flickr Dozens of new charter schools have opened in North Carolina since the cap on them was lifted a couple years ago. But the state still does not have an online charter. This year three groups hope to get approval to open virtual charters. Listen Listening... / 1:37 NC Board Of Education Consider Policies For Online Charters By Lisa Worf • Dec 6, 2012 North Carolina has no online charter schools, but the state is getting ready for them. The state board of education is considering a list of policies to guide these schools. It includes paying them less per student than a regular charter and capping the student to teacher ratio. Online charters are not your typical schools. For one, there's often no schoolhouse. You can do all your learning from a screen at home. Science, Math, English classes are all online. There are teachers, but usually class sizes are much larger than at a regular brick-and-mortar school.


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Crash injures woman, damages city homeBy Brent Curtis
staff writer | September 03,2014A high-speed chase in Rutland early Sunday ended in multiple criminal charges for a West Rutland man and $10,000 in damage to the home of a man who was asleep when Jason M. Davis Audi allegedly crashed into the house.
A passenger in Davis car, Carissa Redfield, 29, was taken first to Rutland Regional Medical Center then flown by helicopter to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, N.H., for injuries to her neck and spinal cord.
Davis, 35, pleaded innocent in Rutland criminal court Tuesday to misdemeanor counts of attempting to elude police, driving with a suspended license and two counts of reckless or gross negligent operation of a motor vehicle.
Davis posted the $15,000 bail set after his arrest and is free on conditions that include an 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew at his home at 104 Meadow Lane, according to court records.
About 12:30 a.m. Sunday, Rutland Police Cpl. Justin Souza said he tried to stop an Audi sedan that was traveling with its headlights off in the southern parking lot of Walgreens pharmacy at the corner of routes 4 and 7.
Souza wrote in an affidavit that he tried to stop the car but it sped up and turned onto Sheldon Place, running the first of several stop signs during a pursuit that would end on Stratton Road.
Souza said that during the chase, the Audi reached speeds of 60 mph on East Street where the posted speed limit is 30 mph.
While trying to turn left from Jackson Avenue onto Stratton Road, Davis lost control of his car and crashed first into a tree and then into a house at 172 Stratton Road, the affidavit said.
Souza said the crash didnt injure Davis or the people in the house James Ward, 79, and Sylvia Longley, 73 who were awakened by the crash, which knocked objects to the floor all over the house.
Redfield was listed in good condition at the hospital Tuesday evening.
Souza wrote that a preliminary estimate of repair costs to Wards home came to more than $10,000, with damage to the foundation on both sides of the house, cracks in the chimney and interior damage.
@rutlandherald.comMORE IN This Just InPolice said a Rutland man knocked out another mans teeth. Full StoryWEST PAWLET Pancake-breakfast fundraiser season will kick off Sept. 11. Full StoryOmya is hosting an educational tour at a Middlebury quarry.
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Simple Definition of preoccupy
: to be thought about or worried about by (someone) very often or constantly
Examples of preoccupy in a sentence
The question of life after death has preoccupied many philosophers.
Origin and Etymology of preoccupy
Latin praeoccupare, literally, to seize in advance, from prae- + occupare to seize, occupy
First Known Use: 1567
Rhymes with preoccupy
acetify, acidify, ammonify, aniline dye, a priori, beatify, bourgeoisify, commodify, complexify, decalcify, decertify, declassify, demystify, denazify, desanctify, desertify, detoxify, Dioscuri, disqualify, dissatisfy, diversify, electric eye, electrify, emulsify, esterify, exemplify, facetiae, Gorno-Altay, hang out to dry, Helvetii, humidify, identify, indemnify, intensify, money supply, objectify, personify, reliquiae, revivify, rigidify, sacrifice fly, saponify, see eye to eye, solemnify, solidify, syllabify, transmogrify, turn a blind eye, undersupply, vox populi, water supply
Learn More about preoccupy
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From the IBM WebSphere Developer Technical Journal.
A previous article discussed the reasons why administrators and developers should be interested in IBM WebSphere Extended Deployment (XD), heralding its unprecedented value in monitoring, availability, system visualization, and partitioning. What is truly revolutionary about WebSphere XD, though, is the amazing set of new options it provides to network administrators when designing a topology that must meet the goals of all various constituencies that need to be kept happy. These include:
- Application developers and business users who want their applications to run at the top of their form, all the time, and to have service level agreements (SLAs) that are consistently and reliably fulfilled.
- Corporate accountants who want to make sure that hardware is only purchased when it is absolutely needed, and that the company gets the best value for its dollars (or yen, or euros, or yuan).
- Network administrators who need to successfully manage the topologies and applications that they've been given.
To understand how WebSphere XD can help a topology designer accomplish some of these ends, we will first have to review some of the features of a WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment (hereafter referred to as Network Deployment) topology before we can understanding how the new features in WebSphere XD are implemented, and why they can be so useful in meeting these goals.
Reviewing Network Deployment topologies
Let's begin by examining something that should be familiar to most WebSphere developers and topology designers: a high availability topology that takes advantage of the capabilities of Network Deployment.
Figure 1. Network Deployment topology
In Figure 1, you see that requests are initially directed to an IP sprayer, either the WebSphere Network Dispatcher or some other IP sprayer. The requests are then forwarded to the layer of Web servers, where the WebSphere plug-in evaluates each request and determines whether it should be forwarded on to the application server layer.
This topology has been pretty consistent ever since the introduction of WebSphere Application Server V3.5 Advanced Edition, and it has formed the basis of the scalability and high availability story for WebSphere ever since. However, there are some limitations with how the plug-in works that we need to understand so that we can, in turn, understand why WebSphere XD does things differently.
The information used by the plug-in to determine how to route requests to application servers is static. That is, the mapping between request URLs and the set of application servers that can service those URLs is provided by an XML file (called plugin-cfg.xml in WebSphere Application Server V5.x and later) that is generated by the deployment manager and must be manually copied by the administrator to the Web server machines. When the URLs change, or when a new server is added, the plug-in file must be regenerated and replaced. (In WebSphere Application Server V6, the plugin-cfg.xml file can be pushed to the Web server, but this approach has a number of difficulties which frequently make this method inappropriate.)
There is no communication path back from the application server machines to the Web server plug-in. As a result, the plug-in does not know how busy a server is; often, the plug-in's first indication that a server is overloaded is when the server stops responding to requests.
The Web server plug-in is, by necessity, a small, portable piece of code. Since it must be compatible with all of the Web servers that Network Deployment supports, and since it also runs inside the DMZ (in an unsecured zone), the plug-in itself must remain small and relatively feature-poor to meet these needs.
As you can see, there are some consequences with the current arrangement. Changing the arrangement of a topology is a manual operation, since the plug-in file must be regenerated and replaced, and the plug-in is limited in the amount of information it can gather about the state of the application servers. Admittedly, these consequences are relatively minor if you view them in terms of obvious problems. However, it is better to think more expansively in terms of what powerful features we would like an intelligent load balancer to provide. This is one of the key innovations in WebSphere XD and is embodied in the On Demand Router.
Introducing the On Demand Router
The On Demand Router (ODR) is an intelligent, Java™-based routing engine that forms the core of WebSphere XD topologies. The ODR embodies many of the features of both the Network Deployment Web server plug-in and edge-of-network routers, like the WebSphere Edge Server Network Dispatcher. However, the ODR goes significantly beyond those features to support the on demand features of WebSphere XD.
The ODR:
Listens for requests that it proxies (currently only on HTTP, but other protocols such as RMI-IIOP and JFAP (WebSphere embedded messaging) are planned future extensions).
Classifies the requests according to the configuration of the WebSphere (or other) application servers for which the requests are destined.
Prioritizes the requests and uses its knowledge of the status of the application servers to determine which application server the request should be routed to.
Queues and issues the requests to the application servers that are servicing them according to the weight assigned to the requests.
Communicates with other parts of the XD system to coordinate its activities with other components and drive features, like dynamic placement.
A revised topology, including the ODR, could look something like Figure 2.
Figure 2. Revised WebSphere XD topology
There are a number of advantages that this topology holds over the standard Network Deployment topology:
Here, the routing information used by the ODR is dynamic; as applications are deployed (or undeployed), or as application servers are added to (or removed from) the topology, the ODR routing tables are automatically updated. This eliminates the need for a plugin-xml.cfg file, since the communication between the deployment manager and the ODR is direct.
Since the ODR is an active application server instance in its own right, it can use additional information from the application servers to make dynamic determinations about request weighting.
However, these advantages are just the beginning: making the routing dynamic and creating a communications path between the application servers (and deployment manager) and the ODR have opened up a number of other exciting possibilities that we will see in the next section.
As you look at Figure 2, you may wonder why we placed a proxy server in front of the ODR servers. The reason is to maintain the integrity of the DMZ security. There are three fundamental principles of a DMZ that we are applying here:
Inbound network traffic from outside must be terminated in the DMZ. A network transparent load balancer, such as Network Dispatcher, does not meet that requirement alone (recall that in Figure 1 we placed a Web server in the DMZ).
The type of traffic and number of open ports from the DMZ to the intranet must be limited.
Components running in the DMZ must be hardened and follow the principle of least function and low complexity.
The ODR is essentially a Java application server with added specialized functions. As a result, it includes a large amount of complex (and useful) code. Unfortunately, something this complex with so many open ports is not appropriate for a DMZ. Furthermore, for maximum benefit, the ODR must be able to communicate with the application servers and participate in the cell management infrastructure. That results in a lot of communication. If the ODR was in the DMZ, that would result in numerous openings in the inner firewall. For more on the steps to harden a WebSphere Application Server infrastructure refer to WebSphere Application Server V5 advanced security and system hardening.
For these reasons, we must place a simpler component in the DMZ that terminates network connections. We chose a proxy server in Figure 2, but other components are also appropriate, such as an SSL accelerator that terminates inbound SSL, an authenticating proxy server (like Tivoli® Access Manager WebSEAL), or even a simple Web server that forwards requests to the ODR "application server" using a rather simple plugin-cfg.xml file.
One moderately unfortunate implication of this topology is that we have added another hop to each user request. That is, the requests must now pass through two components (the proxy and ODR) before reaching the application server, which does increase latency. However, for many environments with high demand requirements, this price is worth paying because ODR improves load balancing, plus provides a multitude of other useful features. In the following sections, we will discuss some of those features.
Introducing service policies and routing rules
A basic feature of WebSphere XD that underlies many of its more advanced features is the concept of a service policy. A service policy is a named entity that defines a performance goal and a priority level, and relates to a set of transaction classes. You apply that goal to application URLs by connecting the transaction class to a work class (that maps to a set of URLs) through the creation of a routing rule.
That may sound a little complicated; essentially, this enables the creation of a flexible arrangement for determining which URLs should be held to which performance goals, and under which circumstances.
These concepts are key to understanding how the WebSphere XD ODR operates. Once an administrator has classified an application's URLs and connected them to service policies, then the ODR will begin examining incoming URLs and compare their performance characteristics to the goals defined in the corresponding service policies. The ODR can accomplish this through several mechanisms:
The ODR can use its knowledge of the relative priorities of different service policies to determine how long requests will wait in its own internal queues; higher-priority requests will receive service before lower-priority requests when resources are constrained.
The ODR can use its knowledge of response time goals and the relative availability of resources (CPU and memory) in different cluster members to perform dynamic workload management.
The ODR can work with other parts of the system to achieve dynamic placement within a dynamic cluster. Dynamic placement is a facility in which the XD autonomic managers determine how many copies of an application server are appropriate within a cluster. For example, if one application is performing well above its performance goals, while another higher- or equal-priority application is underperforming because the machines running clustered copies of that application are overtaxed, then the autonomic manager can decide to adjust the number of application servers running each application, decreasing the former and increasing the latter to improve the performance of the overwhelmed application.
Some of these facilities (such as the classification and queuing of work) are entirely the function of the ODR, and will work well with many different types of workloads. Others (such as dynamic placement) are more specialized and work in concert with other parts of the XD system. All require require the use of the ODR, which is the fundamental architectural linchpin of XD, and possesses still more features.
Caching and other advanced features
Before we look at caching in XD, let's again take a broad look first at the caching opportunities by tier in a typical WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment V6 architecture. Figure 3 shows the major components of such a topology, with caching areas at each tier, or "zone," which we will consider to be a logical collection of servers that share similar attributes and perform similar functions. (Of course, the Network Deployment application server cache is much more sophisticated than this diagram shows; for example, the cache can be distributed to multiple application servers in a cluster.)
Figure 3. Caching options
The caching available in a Network Deployment environment consists of:
ESI edge caching of servlet/JSP pages at Edge devices (such as a proxy server) and at the Web server plug-in.
Caching of static application artifacts such as HTML, graphics files, JavaScript at the Edge and Web server (including caching of static pages served by the WebSphere Application Server Web container in the plug-in at the Web server).
Servlet/JSP fragment caching at the WebSphere Application Server Web container.
Web services SOAP request/response caching.
API-based caching in the application server, namely the Object/DistributedMap cache which caches objects and returns them by reference, and the command cache that caches the results of command pattern executions and returns copies of them.
The ODR in WebSphere XD V6 is derived from the WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment V6.02 proxy server, and inherits its caching capabilities as well, so we let's look first at some of the new capabilities introduced by this new proxy server.
The Network Deployment V6.02 proxy server (and thus the ODR) has the ability to cache static and (in some cases) dynamic content by caching responses according to the RFC 2616 (section 13) rules, which rely on the presence (and applicability) of the HTTP 1.1 caching headers. By default, WebSphere Application Server V6 automatically sets the appropriate HTTP 1.1 headers for content caching of static content. On each response containing static content, WebSphere Application Server will set the appropriate Cache-Control and Expires headers, then calculate the date and time at which the content will be stale by subtracting the last modified date of the static content on the WAR file from the current date and time; the result is then multiplied by a factor called the last-modified factor (which is by default set to 0.1). Upon the next request for that particular URL, the content cache will use this calculated value to determine if it can return the cached value of the response, or if it should return to the application server for a fresher version of the response.
In many cases, this is a good assumption, since content that has not recently changed on the application server can be assumed to change slowly. This can cause a problem in one particular case, though, if a WAR file is newly rebuilt and deployed on a server; the last-modified date of all the static content in the WAR file will reflect the date that the WAR file was rebuilt. The cache will refresh itself more often right after an application is deployed or redeployed than it will after it has been deployed for some period of time. To rectify this, you can, at any time, create a static cache rule that enables you to match a particular URL pattern with a new (and probably larger) last-modified factor. You can also use a static cache rule to disable the caching of static content that matches a particular URL pattern; for example, if that content were sensitive or private.
The proxy caching capability is built on the object cache infrastructure of WebSphere Application Server V6. One thing this provides is the ability to use a distributed cache to share information between ODR instances. By default, each proxy server (or ODR) is set up with an independent object cache instance. To connect the instances together, you must first create a replication domain for the object cache, and then set the object cache instance in each ODR that will be replicated in that replication domain to refer to the new domain. This ensures that as information is updated in the cache, the changes will be propagated to the other members of the replication domain.
The WebSphere Application Server V6 proxy cache server also has some capabilities for Edge Side Includes (ESI), in particular, enabling page caching of assembled pages and processing of ESI rules to determine how variants of pages (with different ESI-included content) can be cached. We will revisit this topic a little later; if you want to take advantage of ESI caching, this will have a bearing on the arrangement of the topology of your network.
Finally, Network Deployment V6, adds the new powerful and useful API-based Object/DistributedMap cache for applications that need the ability to cache information within the application server. This capability was formerly available only in Enterprise editions of WebSphere Application Server V5, but is included in all V6 editions.
All of these cache technologies are available in WebSphere XD V6, with even more additional options, such as the ObjectGrid and WebSphere Partitioning Framework technologies.
WebSphere XD ObjectGrid
ObjectGrid is an extensible, transactional object caching framework for quick and easy data sharing that improves application scalability and performance. It can be used with Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) 1.4.2 and higher, and with J2EE 1.4 applications, to retrieve, store, delete, update, and invalidate objects in its cached grid of objects, either by using application APIs or XML-based facilities. This is similar to the DistributedMap cache mentioned above in Network Deployment V6, in that it is built on the Java Map interface, but is more powerful than the earlier technology with the addition of sophisticated features like configurable cache eviction strategies and preloading, which are not available for the DistributedMap interface. Since it is an API-based cache, using the ObjectGrid requires changes to your program to specifically use the cache API, but the changes are minimal in those cases where your program already uses a Java Map-based API.
WebSphere Partitioning Framework
While ObjectGrid provides the ability to cache key and value pairs in transactional fashion, the WebSphere Partitioning Framework (WPF) provides context-based routing according to object characteristics. The WPF enables the partitioning of applications and data, improving database as well as in-memory caching and workload management, dramatically decreasing contention for shared data sources.
The WPF lets you to divide your caches logically across multiple JVMs so that you are not limited by the size of a single heap. A cache can be highly available so that when information is lost, it is quickly recovered. The cache can also have an innate "grouping" concept so that you can optimally organize the entries in the cache and keep related things together.
To maintain ObjectGrid consistency and integrity, you can use the partitioning facility to spread a large ObjectGrid out into many partitioned ObjectGrids; the partitioning facility's context-based routing directs requests according to ObjectGrid keys. For example, you need ObjectGrid to handle a large number of objects that cannot fit into a single JVM heap. You can use the partitioning facility feature to load data into different servers, and the partitioning facility context-based routing finds the right ObjectGrid for each request.
Ramifications for network designers
As you can see, the capabilities of the ODR provide numerous options to a topology designer. In fact, there are so many new choices that it's probably best to think of how the ODR affects your topology design by splitting the problem of routing into smaller pieces. Next, we will take the general idea of zones, introduced earlier, and consider subdividing the trusted zone even further. There are four sub-zone types that the trusted zone of a particular WebSphere XD network might contain. They are:
Legacy WebSphere ND Zone: Network Deployment applications are deployed just as they always were. For applications running in this zone, no changes are necessary to the application servers or to the application deployment process.
Dynamic Operations Zone: WebSphere XD is deployed on the application servers themselves. This installation enables most of the new features of WebSphere XD (health monitoring and dynamic placement) to come into play.
Non-WebSphere Zone: This zone features perhaps the most exciting new feature. The ODR can intelligently route to not only HTTP servers (as shown in Figure 2) but to other application server types as well, including other J2EE servers and even .NET servers.
Request direction Zone: This zone contains the ODR(s) and any security proxies that are necessary to pre-process requests before they are directed to their final destinations.
Figure 4. Zone types
Let's consider the ramifications, advantages and considerations of dividing the trusted zone into these different sub-zones.
Request Routing Zone
For a moment, assume that you see the value of adding the ODR into your topology. Your first decision in this zone will be to determine how many ODRs you will need. In any production system, we recommend you have at least two ODRs so that there will not be a single point of failure. Beyond that, the number of ODRs needed will be determined by the amount of load you expect the network to experience. A rule of thumb is that you can begin with the number of HTTP servers that you currently have routing to your application servers. Currently, the performance of the ODR is within a few percentage points of the routing performance of the Web server plug-in in WebSphere Application Server V6, so starting from this point is a good approach. However, you will then need to consider running performance tests where you vary the number of ODRs to determine what the optimal number would be.
A second major decision is to decide what caching options you will enable on the ODRs. For instance, you must determine if you are going to cache in the ODR at all. Most customers should enable caching of static content, especially if the content will be served from within a WAR file on the application servers. In this case, the caching capabilities of the ODR that we examined earlier will provide you with a performance boost over using the file serving servlet alone without an upstream content cache.
Next, you need to decide whether you are going to replicate the cache. If your content is made up of a small number of particularly large pages that are infrequently updated, then it might not be worthwhile to replicate the cache since time will be wasted in transferring the very large pages between the caches. However, in cases where the content consists of a large number of somewhat small pages accessed very frequently, then cache replication would be a better way to populate the caches quickly and improve the overall response time for serving all static content.
Legacy WebSphere Zone
One of the key considerations in introducing this zone into your network design is that it gives you time to consider the advantages of the different capabilities of WebSphere XD without having to put them all into place at once. Placing the ODR in front of an existing Network Deployment network enables you to move application serves in a piecemeal fashion to WebSphere XD if you want; first you can move the application server to the latest version of Network Deployment, then move the application server to WebSphere XD while retaining static clustering from Network Deployment, and then finally transition to full XD capabilities as servers move out of this zone. However, even on back level servers with static clusters, you still get classification and queuing through service policies and routing rules, just as you do with non-WebSphere Application Server URIs by putting an ODR in front of your existing Network Deployment clusters.
Dynamic Operations Zone
The servers in this zone can participate in all the advantages that WebSphere XD provides. The key consideration here is that all of the application servers must not only be at the prerequisite version of Netowrk Deployment (V6.02), but they must also have WebSphere XD installed on them as well. This has licensing ramifications; since WebSphere XD has a per-application server license cost, you must ensure that you have an adequate number of XD licenses in this zone before you move applications here. Given that only WebSphere XD V6 application servers can participate in this zone, it is a best practice to migrate your applications to Network Deployment V6.02 prior to moving them into this zone. The benefits of taking these steps, however, are substantial. Not only can you define node groups (which are shared pools of nodes in which dynamic placement operates) in this zone, but you can also gain health policies and edition management in this zone.
Non-WebSphere Zone
Perhaps the most radical feature of WebSphere XD (when compared to Network Deployment) provided by the ODR is the ability to route to destinations that are not even WebSphere application servers. These other destinations could be as simple as an HTTP server (like we showed in Figure 2), but could just as easily be other J2EE application servers (like an Apache Geronimo server), or even an application server running Microsoft® .NET®. You define these destinations by defining a generic server cluster, which is a set of HTTP destinations that are not managed by WebSphere, but which can be routed to from the ODR.
In fact, the ODR even lets you to use service policies and gain classification and queuing with non-WebSphere destinations, just as you would with an application hosted on WebSphere. But even that is not all there is: if you install a piece of software known as the XD Remote Agent on each non-WebSphere machine, you can also gain weighted routing to members of the node group based on the capabilities and available CPU and memory resources on that server. The addition of this level of feedback enables the ODR to go beyond what other commercially available routers can do in routing traffic where it can best be handled.
A final consideration here is where you will put your HTTP servers in this new topology. If you use ESI and the page assembly is done by an edge server, like an Akamai server, then you can put the HTTP server in the Non-WebSphere Zone, as shown in Figure 2. However, if you need to use ESI and are not using an edge server for page assembly, then the page assembly capabilities of the WebSphere Web server plug-in may dictate that you put the HTTP server in front of the ODR. In this case, your topology would look somewhat like that in Figure 1, but instead of routing directly to the application servers, the plug-in would instead only route to the ODRs, which would then route to the application servers. This is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. XD topology with plug-in routing
If your topology does not take edge page assembly into account, then page assembly will be done by the application server (if you use <jesi> tags or the cachespec.xml ESI-enablement option), which may defeat the purpose of using the ESI tags. However, this is not the only reason to choose the topology variation shown in Figure 5. Other considerations, such as the use of third-party security plug-ins to the Web server that must execute prior to the processing of requests by the WebSphere plug-in may also lead you to choose this topology. In this case, you will lose the ability to cache static content from the Web server in the ODR, but you will still be able to cache static content served from the application server in this arrangement.
In this article we have begun the journey of exploring the ramifications the new capabilities of WebSphere XD can have on your network topology. There are many more issues we will need to explore to make our journey complete (such as application design for ObjectGrid and WebSphere Partitioning Framework) -- but that will have to wait for another article.
- WebSphere Application Server V5 advanced security and system hardening, IBM WebSphere Developer Technical Journal, June 2004
- Comment lines from Kyle Brown: Why you need WebSphere Extended Deployment, IBM WebSphere Developer Technical Journal, April 2004
- Download WebSphere Application Server trial version
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Eddy current brake
An eddy current brake, like a conventional friction brake, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. However, unlike electro-mechanical brakes, in which the drag force used to stop the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, the drag force in an eddy current brake is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction.
A conductive surface moving past a stationary magnet will have circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in it by the magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, the circulating currents will create their own magnetic field which opposes the field of the magnet. Thus the moving conductor will experience a drag force from the magnet that opposes its motion, proportional to its velocity. The electrical energy of the eddy currents is dissipated as heat due to the electrical resistance of the conductor.
In an electromagnetic brake the magnetic field may be created by a permanent magnet, or an electromagnet so the braking force can be turned on and off or varied by varying the electric current in the electromagnet's windings. Another advantage is that since the brake does not work by friction, there are no brake shoe surfaces to wear out, necessitating replacement, as with friction brakes. A disadvantage is that since the braking force is proportional to velocity the brake has no holding force when the moving object is stationary, as is provided by static friction in a friction brake, so in vehicles it must be supplemented by a friction brake.
Eddy current brakes are used to slow high-speed trains and roller coasters, to stop powered tools quickly when power is turned off, and in electric meters used by electric utilities.
How it works[edit]
An eddy current brake consists of a conductive piece of metal, either a straight bar or a disk, which moves through the magnetic field of a magnet, either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. When it moves past the stationary magnet, the magnet exerts a drag force on the metal which opposes its motion, due to circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in the metal by the magnetic field.
See the diagram at right. It shows a metal sheet (C) moving to the right under a magnet. The magnetic field (B, green arrows) of the magnet's north pole N passes down through the sheet. Since the metal is moving, the magnetic flux through sheet is changing. At the part of the sheet under the leading edge of the magnet (left side) the magnetic field through the sheet is increasing as it gets nearer the magnet. From Faraday's law of induction, this field induces a counterclockwise flow of electric current (I, red), in the sheet. This is the eddy current. In contrast, at the trailing edge of the magnet (right side) the magnetic field through the sheet is decreasing, inducing a clockwise eddy current in the sheet.
Another way to understand the action is to see that the free charge carriers (electrons) in the metal sheet are moving to the right, so the magnetic field exerts a sideways force on them due to the Lorentz force. Since the velocity v of the charges is to the right and the magnetic field B is directed down, from the right hand rule the Lorentz force on positive charges qv×B is toward the rear. This causes a current I toward the rear under the magnet, which circles around through parts of the sheet outside the magnetic field, clockwise to the right and counterclockwise to the left, to the front of the magnet again. The mobile charge carriers in the metal, the electrons, actually have a negative charge, so their motion is opposite in direction to the conventional current shown.
Each of these circular currents creates a counter magnetic field (blue arrows), which due to Lenz's law opposes the change in magnetic field, causing the drag force on the sheet. At the leading edge of the magnet (left side) by the right hand rule the counterclockwise current creates a magnetic field pointed up, opposing the magnet's field, causing a repulsive force between the sheet and the leading edge of the magnet. In contrast, at the trailing edge (right side), the clockwise current causes a magnetic field pointed down, in the same direction as the magnet's field, creating an attractive force between the sheet and the trailing edge of the magnet. Both of these forces oppose the motion of the sheet. The kinetic energy which is consumed overcoming this drag force is dissipated as heat by the currents flowing through the resistance of the metal, so the metal gets warm under the magnet.
The braking force of an eddy current brake is exactly proportional to the velocity V, so it acts similar to viscous friction in a liquid. When the conductive sheet is stationary, the magnetic field through each part of it is constant, not changing with time, so no eddy currents are induced, and there is no force between the magnet and the conductor. Thus an eddy current brake has no holding force.
Eddy current brakes come in two geometries:
- In a linear eddy current brake, the conductive piece is a straight rail or track that the magnet moves along.
- In a circular, disk or rotary eddy current brake, the conductor is a flat disk rotor that turns between the poles of the magnet.
The physical working principle is the same for both.
Disk eddy current brakes[edit]
Disk electromagnetic brakes are used on vehicles such as trains, consisting of a conductive non-ferromagnetic metal disc (rotor) attached to the axle of the vehicle's wheel, with an electromagnet located with its poles on each side of the disk, so the magnetic field passes through the disk. The electromagnet allows the braking force to be varied. When no current is passed through the electromagnet's winding, there is no braking force. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, current is passed through the electromagnet windings, creating a magnetic field, The larger the current in the winding, the larger the eddy currents and the stronger the braking force. The kinetic energy of the vehicle's motion is dissipated in Joule heating by the eddy currents passing through the disk's resistance, so like conventional friction disk brakes, the disk becomes hot. Unlike in the linear brake below, the metal of the disk passes repeatedly through the magnetic field, so disk eddy current brakes get hotter than linear eddy current brakes
Japanese Shinkansen trains had employed circular eddy current brake system on trailer cars since 100 Series Shinkansen. However, N700 Series Shinkansen abandoned eddy current brakes in favour of regenerative brakes, since 14 of the 16 cars in the trainset used electric motors. In regenerative brakes, the motor that drives the wheel is used as a generator to produce electric current, which can be used to charge a battery, so the energy can be used again.
Linear eddy current brakes[edit]
The principle of the linear eddy current brake has been described by the French physicist Foucault, hence in French the eddy current brake is called the "frein à courants de Foucault".
The linear eddy current brake consists of a magnetic yoke with electrical coils positioned along the rail, which are being magnetized alternating as south and north magnetic poles. This magnet does not touch the rail, as with the magnetic brake, but is held at a constant small distance from the rail (approximately 7 mm).
When the magnet is moved along the rail, it generates a non-stationary magnetic field in the head of the rail, which then generates electrical tension (Faraday's induction law), and causes eddy currents. These disturb the magnetic field in such a way that the magnetic force is diverted to the opposite of the direction of the movement, thus creating a horizontal force component, which works against the movement of the magnet.
The braking energy of the vehicle is converted in eddy current losses which lead to a warming of the rail. (The regular magnetic brake, in wide use in railways, exerts its braking force by friction with the rail, which also creates heat.)
The eddy current brake does not have any mechanical contact with the rail, and thus no wear, and creates no noise or odor. The eddy current brake is unusable at low speeds, but can be used at high speeds both for emergency braking and for regular braking.[1]
The TSI (Technical Specifications for Interoperability) of the EU for trans-European high-speed rail recommends that all newly built high-speed lines should make the eddy current brake possible.
The first train in commercial circulation to use such a braking system has been the ICE 3.
Modern roller coasters also use this type of braking, but in order to avoid the risk posed by potential power outages, they utilize permanent magnets instead of electromagnets, thus not requiring any power supply, however, without the possibility to adjust the braking strength as easily as with electromagnets.
Lab experiment[edit]
In physics education a simple experimental configuration is sometime used to illustrate Lenz's law. When a magnet is dropped down a conducting pipe, eddy currents are induced in the pipe, and these retard the descent of the magnet. As one set of authors explained
If one views the magnet as an assembly of circulating atomic currents moving through the pipe, [then] Lenz's law implies that the induced eddies in the pipe wall counter circulate ahead of the moving magnet and co-circulate behind it. But this implies that the moving magnet is repelled in front and attracted in rear, hence acted upon by a retarding force.[2]
Laboratory work ranges from comparison of time-of-fall with a magnet in a cardboard tube, to oscilloscope reading of current in a loop wound around the pipe,[3] to use of multiple magnets.[4]
See also[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eddy current brakes.
- Telma retarder – an eddy current brake system made by Telma, a company that is part of the Valeo group
- Regenerative braking – generates electricity rather than heat and hence is usually more energy efficient
- Electromagnetic brakes (or electro-mechanical brakes) – use the magnetic force to press the brake mechanically on the rail
- Linear induction motor can be used as a regenerative brake
- ^ "Wirbelstrombremse im ICE 3 als Betriebsbremssystem hoher Leistung" ("Eddy-current brake in the ICE 3 as high-efficiency service brake system", by Jürgen Prem, Stefan Haas, Klaus Heckmann, in "electrische bahnen" Vol 102 (2004), No. 7, pages 283ff
- ^ M.H. Partori & E.J. Morris (2006) "Electrodynamics of a magnet moving through a conducting pipe" Canadian Journal of Physics 84:253–71
- ^ C. S. Maclatchy, P, Backman, L. Bogan (1993) "A quantitative magnetic braking experiment", American Journal of Physics 61:1096
- ^ G. Ireson & J. Twidle (2008) "Magnetic braking revisited: Activities for the undergraduate laboratory", European Journal of Physics 29:745–51
- K.D. Hahn, E.M. Johnson, A. Brokken, & S. Baldwin (1998) "Eddy current damping of a magnet moving through a pipe", American Journal of Physics 66:1066–66.
- M.A. Heald (1988) "Magnetic braking: Improved theory", American Journal of Physics 56: 521–2.
- Y. Levin, S.L. Da Silveira & F.B. Rizzato (2006) "Electromagnetic braking: A simple quantitative model", American Journal of Physics 74:815–17.
- Sears, Francis Weston; Zemansky, Mark W. (1955). University Physics (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Siskind, Charles S. (1963). Electrical Control Systems in Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN 0-07-057746-3.
- H.D. Wiederick, N. Gauthier, D.A. Campbell, & P. Rochan (1987) "Magnetic braking: Simple theory and experiment", American Journal of Physics 55:500–3.
External links[edit]
- Eddy-current braking: a long road to success. Railway Gazette International article on ICE experience of eddy braking.
- Video of magnet falling through copper pipe


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Coatings 2011, 1(1), 72-87; doi:10.3390/coatings1010072
Biocompatibility of Niobium Coatings
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 2 Unidad de Materiales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecátronica, Avenida 30 No. 45-03, Ciudad Unversitaria, Bototá D.C., Colombia 3 Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México DF, México
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 2 August 2011 / Revised: 1 September 2011 / Accepted: 15 September 2011 / Published: 22 September 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Medical Device Coatings)
View Full-Text | Download PDF [1391 KB, 23 September 2011; original version 22 September 2011] |
AbstractNiobium coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering were evaluated as a possible surface modification for stainless steel (SS) substrates in biomedical implants. The Nb coatings were deposited on 15 mm diameter stainless steel substrates having an average surface roughness of 2 mm. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the coatings three different in vitro tests, using human alveolar bone derived cells, were performed: cellular adhesion, proliferation and viability. Stainless steel substrates and tissue culture plastic were also studied, in order to give comparative information. No toxic response was observed for any of the surfaces, indicating that the Nb coatings act as a biocompatible, bioinert material. Cell morphology was also studied by immune-fluorescence and the results confirmed the healthy state of the cells on the Nb surface. X-ray diffraction analysis of the coating shows that the film is polycrystalline with a body centered cubic structure. The surface composition and corrosion resistance of both the substrate and the Nb coating were also studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentiodynamic tests. Water contact angle measurements showed that the Nb surface is more hydrophobic than the SS substrate.
Keywords: niobium coatings; magnetron; osteoblasts; corrosion
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
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Olivares-Navarrete, R.; Olaya, J.J.; Ramírez, C.; Rodil, S.E. Biocompatibility of Niobium Coatings. Coatings 2011, 1, 72-87.View more citation formats
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Olivares-Navarrete R, Olaya JJ, Ramírez C, Rodil SE. Biocompatibility of Niobium Coatings. Coatings. 2011; 1(1):72-87.Chicago/Turabian Style
Olivares-Navarrete, René; Olaya, Jhon Jairo; Ramírez, Claudia; Rodil, Sandra Elizabeth. 2011. "Biocompatibility of Niobium Coatings." Coatings 1, no. 1: 72-87.
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The National Endowment for the Arts is hosting a webinar next week to answer questions on how to prepare a strong application for arts journalism project grants. The webinar is January 29, 4-5pm ET on arts.gov. Click here to join or listen to the archive. There will be an overview presentation from NEA Local Arts Agencies Director Michael Killoren followed by a Q&A session.
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Definition of balsamic vinegar in English:
balsamic vinegar
noun[mass noun]
Dark, sweet Italian vinegar that has been matured in wooden barrels.
Example sentences
- Here I substituted some of the ingredients called for, such as hazelnuts for almonds and white balsamic vinegar for brown rice vinegar.
- Cut the larger tomatoes in half and toss them in a bowl with a grinding of salt and pepper, the olive oil, balsamic vinegar and oregano leaves pulled from their stems.
- Its taste was pretty similar to dark balsamic vinegar, but my tastebuds may have been past their peak of alertness by then.
For editors and proofreaders
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Number: 014
Subject: Tooth positioners for orthodontic treatment
Date: April 20, 2015
Important note
This Clinical Policy Bulletin explains how we determine whether certain services or supplies are medically necessary. We made these decisions based on a review of currently available clinical information including:
- Clinical outcome studies in the peer-reviewed published medical and dental literature
- Regulatory status of the technology
- Evidence-based guidelines of public health and health research agencies
- Evidence-based guidelines and positions of leading national health professional organizations
- Views of physicians and dentists practicing in relevant clinical areas
- Other relevant factors
We expressly reserve the right to revise these conclusions as clinical information changes, and welcome further relevant information.
Each benefits plan defines which services are covered, excluded and subject to dollar caps or other limits. Members and their dentists will need to refer to the member's benefits plan to determine if any exclusions or other benefits limitations apply to this service or supply. The conclusion that a particular service or supply is medically necessary does not guarantee that this service or supply is covered (that is, will be paid for by Aetna) for a particular member. The member's benefits plan determines coverage. Some plans exclude coverage for services or supplies that we consider medically necessary. If there is a discrepancy between this policy and a member's plan of benefits, the benefits plan will govern. In addition, coverage may be mandated by applicable legal requirements of a state, the federal government or CMS for Medicare and Medicaid members.
A system utilizing aligners may be considered by Aetna as comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The proposed tooth movement and stage of development governs the assignment of the appropriate code.
Orthodontic aligners are a treatment modality used for the correction of malpositioned teeth. The total treatment time may vary based on factors such as the difficulty of each individual case and/or system used.
D8020 — Limited orthodontic treatment of the transitional dentition
D8030 — Limited orthodontic treatment of the adolescent dentition
D8040 — Limited orthodontic treatment of the adult dentition
D8060 — Interceptive orthodontic treatment of the transitional dentition
D8070 -- Comprehensive orthodontic treatment of the transitional dentition
D8080 -- Comprehensive orthodontic treatment of the adolescent dentition
D8090 -- Comprehensive orthodontic treatment of the adult dentition
Revision dates
Original: November 22, 2005
Updated: March 29, 2010; April 9, 2012; April 30, 2013; April 17, 2014; April 20, 2015
Revision: November 20, 2006; April 29, 2008; March 30, 2009; March 14, 2011
The above policy is based on the following references:
1American Dental Association. CDT 2015 Dental Procedure Codes: 79-80.*
2Invisalign website. Align Technology, Inc. San Jose, California. Available at: http://www.invisalign.com. Accessed April 20, 2015.
3Joffe L. Invisalign: early experiences. J.Orthod. 2003 Dec; 30:348-52.
4Hajeer MY, Millett DT, Ayoub AF, Siebert JP. Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part II. J. Orthod. 2004 Jun; 31:154-62.
*Copyright 2014 American Dental Association. All rights reserved.
Property of Aetna. All rights reserved. Dental Clinical Policy Bulletins are developed by Aetna to assist in administering plan benefits and constitute neither offers of coverage nor medical/dental advice. This Dental Clinical Policy Bulletin contains only a partial, general description of plan or program benefits and does not constitute a contract. Aetna does not provide health care services and, therefore, cannot guarantee any results or outcomes. Participating health care professionals are independent contractors in private practice and are neither employees nor agents of Aetna or its affiliates. Treating health care professionals are solely responsible for medical/dental advice and treatment of members. This Clinical Policy Bulletin may be updated and therefore is subject to change.


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text: They wouldn't allow 2 guys with multiple guns to occupy 2 lanes because they knew we arrived together and they want to leave other lanes open to be able to charge other groups. My belief is that if you FORCE 2 people with mutliple guns to share 1 lane, charge for the lane, not each person. If you force 2 people to share the same lane, eventhough they have enough guns to shoot in 2 lanes and asked if they could have 2 lanes, each person shouldn't be charged the full price (which we were). Then he said he did me a favor only charging us for 1.5 hours since we went a bit over. Their math is a little off i'd say. Not a recipe for success in today's world. Too many shooting ranges.


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At Laughingbird Software, we just love helping entrepreneurs & small businesses (like us!) design their ideal brand and get inspired by clean, creative graphic design for their websites and blogs!
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Way back in 2001, Marc Sylvester created the very first logo design software, The Logo Creator. He and his business partner (and wife!), Lisa, have spent the years since updating and developing new software out of their home while raising 3 kids and squashing the chaos that comes with it.
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About Laughingbird Software
23 responses to "About Laughingbird Software"
I came across your website on a page reviewing logo desin tools. The site mentioned you had a free trial. I could not find that on your website here. Is that still available, or has that trial test period been discontinued?
Thank you for your time.
Kind regards,
Damon Lyons
Techlantic Ltd
Hi Marc, great-looking family. You are are not old. I'm! I just got a new Mac, and trying to move some of the old programs to it. For some reason, I cannot find them. I recall I had the logo creator, (downloaded your new version) got the Business card Creator, had the People Pak, and Facebook thing. I like to add few things, but the Web Graphics Creator, (does it work on word press?) Product Poppers I am interested in. Make me an offer please, Max.
Your software looks amazing! I really want to try it out first, but the trial links don't seem to be working for the Mac version. Is there a trial for that version?
I also was looking for the trial version and unsuccessful. I always like to try before I buy. One question I have is how well do the SWF graphics work in Power Point. Another question is it a one time fee or annual subscription. Wasn't clear when checking out the products.You got some great stuff that looks very useful.
Wondering if there is a Mac Trial version. Thanks
Hello Marc,
Great software!
Is there a discount when i buy 4 or 5 products at once?
the Netherlands
Hello Marc,
Your Logo software looks interesting and friendly too. I have a few question though.
Can I install the software on more than one Mac for a single purchase, as I have a laptop and desktop?
Do you sell the CD?
If not, what happens if the software gets corrupted or whatever and I need to re-install it, how does it work?
thank you,
hey Marc:
i just created this really cool Powtoon video. all the images were first completed in Logo Creator then exported to Powtoon
Here is the link. Enjoy!
thanks so much for your generosity in pointing us in this direction
Dear Marc,
I have been searching for a free logo software for my new business. If i download the trial version of the logo software, would I have full ownership of my logo?
I am planning to copyright the logo so people can't use it.
Thank you
Hi there,
I pais last week for the full version, but I still have the preview version on my computer. How can I update? I download the full version 10 times already but I still have the preview.
Thanks for your quick feedback.
hi marc,
i bought logo maker a while back and have not yet had a chance to give it a go. got your e-mail this morning and took a look. gave me motivation…
i did notice that your home page seems to lack the state you are in ….. actually you seem to be in a pretty good state…nice family, keeping busy…
but even though i might guess california, may be right, may be wrong.
anyway, i imagine you are busy and didn't notice it … but since i did, i thought i'd mention it.
i'm sure we'll be in touch.
be well,
from western massachusetts
Hej, does your Logo maker supports RTL language like Arabic and which Font that supports that?


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Lightweight water filter that can be used with virtually any disposable or Platypus brand small mouth bottles. I have owned this product for over a year and have used this filter on almost all of my backpacking trips. I have used this filter on some questionable water sources and so far so good. The microfilter removes 99.9% of Cryptosporidium and Giardia per the manufacturer. The filter also uses coconut shell carbon to improve the taste of the water. I have used this filter on a gravity setup… Full review
Water Treatment Drops
Great for lightweight with no taste. I started using the pump filters and after many years went looking for something lighter and went to the Steripen which is great. That however you have to rely on batteries. Then it was the tablets for the absolute lightest thing out there, but ugh the taste was awful and you had a 30 minute wait time. Then I found these drops and several of my hiking friends now use them. I carry 3-4 little pre-made (that morning) capsules that are ready to drop into my coke… Full review
Aquamira is McNett's line of water treatment products.
Aquamira Technologies, Inc.
1411 Meador Avenue
Bellingham, WA 98229
(360) 306-5586
toll-free: (877) 644-4650
fax: (435) 787-4006
email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
The Hoops thrashed Dundee United 6-2 at Parkhead on Saturday to go 18 points clear of Motherwell at the top of the table.
With games coming thick and fast for the champions, both domestically and in Europe, Neil Lennon's men could extend that lead when they take on St Johnstone at McDiarmid Park.
Asked if it was now a matter of formally completing an inevitable title win, the former Nottingham Forest defender said: "I think so yes, especially with the lead we have built up.
"I thought we were brilliant against Dundee United, they are a good side so it was a great result for us.
"I think it works out that if we win the games it could be the end of March (when title is won), so it makes sense to try to achieve that as soon as possible.
"I would have three games a week, let's get them all in. When there are games you don't train much, just prepare for games and when they come so fast, you tick them off and tick them off.
"It's tiring but good. St Johnstone are a good side, good going forward and so it will be interesting and it is always a tough battle with the striker (Gregory) Tade, so it will be a good challenge."
Manager Neil Lennon, who will be once again without Scott Brown (abductor) and defender Mikael Lustig (thigh), insists complacency will not be a problem for his side as the season enters the final stages.
He said: "We want to keep the run going. There have been no signs of complacency, we have our targets to reach and some players might have some individual targets so we are pretty focused."
- Sports & Recreation
- Soccer
- Dundee United
- Neil Lennon
- St Johnstone


text:
At Cupped Wings Guide Service we strive to ensure our guests receive the best duck hunting experience that North East Arkansas has to offer. We are uniquely situated between several well known WMAs that winter millions of waterfowl. We hunt on over 10,000 acres of flooded rice, beans, timber, cypress breaks & willow swamps. We offer all inclusive packages that include lodging, prepared meals, bird processing, guiding, etc.. We also offer guided hunt only options in addition to daily non-guided pit or blind leases in proven killing holes. We offer a family friendly environment with top notch accommodations, guides and locations. North East Arkansas has quickly become a mecca for some of the best duck hunting in the country and we are sitting at "GROUND ZERO"! We are just 25 minutes north of Memphis, TN in Crittenden County Arkansas. If you are duck hunting in Arkansas and looking for the best place to book your guided duck hunt, you have found the right place. We realize when it comes to booking a guided waterfowl hunt there are many options out there. We do not over book and do not over hunt any of our farms. Rest days are just as important as the days when you are laying the hammer down. We do this to ensure quality! For us, it's not about booking every available spot every day of the season, but rather it's about fun, fellowship and the quality of the hunting experience. Can accommodate group sizes from 1 to 12. We believe once you book with us, you will come back every year. Visit us at http://cuppedwingsguideservice.com to learn more about our duck guide service in North East Arkansas!
Still looking for 2016/2017 duck lease, we have them. We are located in several counties in Northeast Arkansas. Fields planted in rice or beans, some on rivers, pits or blinds, some timber. If you are interested please give us a call. 870-219-5616


text:
|Girls, Boys, Infant/Baby
Hi! Thank you for visiting my Craftsy page! My name is Tatsiana or just Tanya for short. I love knitting, crochet, felting, sewing, cooking and much more. I have so many projects and ideas in my head ...
Hi! Thank you for visiting my Craftsy page! My name is Tatsiana or just Tanya for short. I love knitting, crochet, felting, sewing, cooking and much more. I have so many projects and ideas in my head that I wish to have another pair of hands and 48 hours instead of 24. I like creating new designs and I want to share them with other people.
I have two daughters. I love creating things for them. They inspire me a lot for new designs. My beloved husband supports me in all my projects and beginnings. Many thanks to him for nice photos he has taken for my finished projects.
Any questions: email@example.com
For more information please visit my blog: http://vitalinacraft.blogspot.co.uk/
"Little Wizard" Cardigan is easy to knit and comfortable to wear. It is made in two beautiful colors. The hood and tiny pocket are the details which make this cardigan stylish and practical. The cardigan is knitted in stockinette stitch and decorated with crocheted flowers, twisted cord and polka dots buttons.
The knitting pattern is easy to follow and suitable for beginners. Depending on yarn type either you can make a spring/autumn cardigan or even a warm winter one. It contains written row-by-row instructions and pictures.
The pattern is written for four sizes: 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months and 9-12 months.
- Chest: 50 (54; 58; 63) cm / 19 5/8 (21 1/4; 22 7/8; 24 3/4) inches
- Length to shoulder: 26 (28; 30; 34) cm / 10 1/4 (11; 11 7/8; 133/8) inches
- Sleeve seam (with cuff turned back): 16 (18; 20; 23) cm / 6 1/4 (7 1/8; 7 7/8; 9) inches
- 3 x 50g of Sublime Egyptian cotton DK shade 326 Peony and 4 x 50g of Sublime Egyptian cotton DK shade 323 Bud Pink or yarn to obtain the gauge
- Knitting needle size 4 (3,5 mm)
- Knitting needle size 2.5 (3 mm)
- Crochet hook 3 mm
- 9 x 15 mm/ 5/8 inches polka dot buttons in pink and lilac colors
- Matching tapestry thread and needle
Please get in touch if you have any questions about my patterns.
Thank you for looking!
24 stitches and 34 rows = 4"/10 cm in stockinette stitch using needle size 4 (3.5 mm)
700 yards of DK weight


text:
- Report: #432700
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Australian Lotteries Commission
Australian Lotteries Commission222 Whitehall Street London, Other United Kingdom
Australian Lotteries Commission Lady K Royce and Sir R Page London Other
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the telephone. I called and left a message. He called me back the next morning and said that he would send the information to processing and call me back to tell me when I would be receiving it. He called me back on monday morning (3/9) and invited me to come to London to pick it up. I said that I couldn't so he said that They could wire a certified check but that I would have to first send them $550.00 to pay for the wire , insurance cost,etc.
At this point, I said I wasn't comfortable with that and that I wanted to check this out first. I figure it is a scam but I did want to check it out further so basically that is what I am doing so that other people will see this too.
Marysville, California
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 03/10/2009 12:20 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Australian-Lotteries-Commission/London-Other-WC2-5BY/Australian-Lotteries-Commission-Lady-K-Royce-and-Sir-R-Page-London-Other-432700. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Does anyone have a good route to travel down to Provincetown leaving from Plymouth?
Any suggetions would be appreciated!
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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Mathew Living Learning Center Hall Government Application
Applications will be accepted until Sunday, August 28 at 11:59pm
Elections will be Tuesday, August 30 -Thursday, September 1, 2016
Election Results shared on Friday, September 2, 2016
- Preside over meetings of the Living Learning Center Hall Government and the executive committee
- Coordinate all activities of the Living Learning Center Hall Government
- Attend all RHA meetings. If unable to fulfill this obligation, it will be delegated to another executive member.
- Appoint persons to fill elected positions if no one is elected to fill that position
- Appoint persons to fill elected positions temporarily when there are vacancies with the advice and consent of the Living Learning Center Hall Director
- Represent the hall or appoint a proxy to represent the hall at all functions requiring representation
- Handle all necessary correspondence
- Create and print out agendas for regular Living Learning Center Hall Government meetings
- Vote only in the case of a deadlock ballot
Vice President:
- Assume the duties of the President when the President is absent
- Act as chairperson of all committees
- Have the authority to appoint committee heads not previously designated
- Appoint members to all committees
- Attend all RHA meetings. If unable to fulfill this obligation, it will be delegated to another executive member.
- Report RHA information, events, and decisions at each regular meeting
- Abide by all rules set forth in the RHA constitution
Administrative Director:
- Work with the president and the advisors to create a budget proposal which will be presented to the full Living Learning Center Hall Government body
- Maintain an accurate record of the Living Learning Center Hall Government budget, keeping aware of how much has been spent or allocated from each part of the budget
- Meet with the advisors regularly to communicate the status of the budget, concerns, questions, and outstanding bills
- Report on the state of the Living Learning Center Hall Government finances at each regular meeting
- Keep records or minutes of all regular Living Learning Center Hall Government meetings
- Keep attendance records of all members
- Post copies of the minutes on the bulletin board in the lobby and submit copies of the minutes to the Living Learning Center Hall Director and Residence Hall Association no later than two days after each Living Learning Center Hall Government meeting
Diversity Initiative Leader:
- Attend the fall diversity retreat
- Attend twice-monthly meeting with all the Diversity Initiatives Leaders (student leaders and RAs) and Assistant Director for Residence Education
- Meet with Hall Director/Assistant Hall Director and RA Diversity Initiative Leader twice a month
- Attend Hall Government Executive Board Meetings
- Report on what they are doing at Hall Government meetings
- Create monthly activities active and passive based on themes (First semester Res Life would provide some direction with themes. Theme Ideas: respect, kindness.)
- Present information that can educate your fellow executive board members
Programming Council Representative
- Required attendance at all Seim Hall Government meetings or find a suitable replacement.
- Represents the hall at all RHA Programming Council meetings.
- Plans, promotes and implements RHA-sponsored events.
- Reports on Programming Council initiatives at hall meetings.
- Plans and promotes social events between and within residence halls.
- Will conduct a minimum of one social program per semester
- Will participate in all Executive Board Training sessions/retreats.
- Will serve as a committee member for annual Seim Hall campus wide event.
Campus Service Representative:
- Attend Services Meetings
- Report back information from those meetings to the Hall Government
- Represent their Hall voice to various campus services
- Represent their Hall on various campus services issues
Building Representative
- Attend all Hall Government meetings, and if unable to attend a meeting, find a replacement or it will be an unexcused absence
- Report at each Hall Government meeting on pertinent floor information
- Inform residents of Hall Government activities and decisions
- Assist Hall Government with planning and implementation of programs
Time Obligations:
- Executive Board meetings are once a week
- Hall Government meetings are once a week
- President/Vice President: Residence Hall Association (RHA) Meetings are on Mondays at 7pm
- Program Council Meetings are on Wednesdays at 5:15pm
- Diversity Initiative Leaders Meetings are on Tuesdays at 7pm (twice a month)
- Other weekly meeting may be established by President or Advisor


text:
Fair ~
Feels like: 102°F
Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2016
Ramblings - Dog DancingPosted Sunday, May 18, 2008, at 10:39 AM
I knew they taught dogs trick, but I never knew they taught them dance routines.
Maybe I like this because they use a song from Grease, but it is amazing.
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Steve Mills and his wife have one daughter and live on a farm outside of Bell Buckle. They previously owned two coffee/ice cream shops, currently operate an internet sales company and teach classes, but his primary job involves the paper industry worldwide. Hobbies and interests lie in gardening, photography, recorded music and of course, their pets.
Hot topicsI've been absent. I admit it.
(4 ~ 6:56 PM, Aug 23)
OK the Republican convention is now in full swing so....
DNC Convention. Now the National Democrats have their days!
Garden meeting topics for August 12th, TONIGHT!
How about something a little closer to home?


text:
Using other posts from this forum I have been able to learn how to display a different custom menu in the sidebar of each page and category. Here's an example of what I've done...
if (is_page('19')){
wp_nav_menu(array('menu'=>'menu-name-1', ));
} elseif (is_page('20')) {
wp_nav_menu(array('menu'=>'menu-name-2' ));
} elseif (is_page('21')) {
wp_nav_menu(array('menu'=>'menu-name-3' ));
This works fine, but what I would like is not to have to add a new elseif every time I add a page - I'd rather have a collection of page numbers for each menu.
So far, my attempts to do this have failed. I have tried (is_page('19', 20', '21')) and (is_page('19' || '20' || '21')) and both of these without quote marks.
I just want my code to look better and be easier to maintain. Any ideas what I could be missing or do I just have to suffer an ever-increasing line of elseifs?
Thanks in advance!
PS Sorry, can't direct you to my site as it's not public yet.


text:
- Report: #1017960
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Federal Pardons Canada
Federal Pardons Canada100 Consilium Place Suite 200 Toronto, Ontario M1H Internet United States of America
Federal Pardons Canada Alex Keeling, Carla Lopez; email@example.com This company is a SCAM, DO NOT CONTACT THEM, THEY WILL TAKE YOUR MONEY AND WONT HELP YOU!!!!!! internet
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/21/2013 10:25 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Federal-Pardons-Canada/internet/Federal-Pardons-Canada-Alex-Keeling-Carla-Lopez-CarlaFederalPardonsca-This-company-is-1017960. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Aerox, Synoptical Studios' terrific marble-rolling platformer, is now available from the app store. With its multiple uses of the accelerometer and fun level designs, Aerox is a worthy addition to the genre.
Aerox Pros:
- Clever level design
- Nice graphics
- Global rankings
Aerox Cons:
- Some control difficulties
- Timer not visible
- Must hit back arrow to find out global ranking after finishing level
- Buggy level select buttons
Aerox brings 30 levels of increasing difficulty to the iDevice, challenging you to make your way across the elevated platforms to the light column at the end. Unlike the many other variants of this game type, Aerox also presents you with a handful of elements that you must interact with in order to meet your goal. There are blocks that must be pushed around to allow planks to touch the ground or fill in gaps, allowing you to pass into another section of the level. There are tubes that are just wide enough to allow you to pass through, rails that you must ride without falling off, moving platforms to traverse, jump pads that propel you into the air, and much more. Often, finding the best path involves a little corner cutting and problem solving. Your time is recorded (though not visible on screen) and you are given a worldwide ranking based on your speed through each level.
The game's overall style is pleasantly minimalist. Clean, uncluttered platforms and a powder blue and earth gray color scheme are the hallmarks of the game. Little enhancements like lighting effects and subtle reflections in the ball really make the game pop. Framerates are smooth, allowing for stutter-free gameplay. The soundtrack is pretty simple, fitting and effective for the game. The controls are a bit on the wonky side. The ball physics feel a bit floaty, which is great when you are airborne and trying to reach a far off platform, but they can be tough to handle when maneuvering in tight spaces or trying to change directions precisely. After tapping the screen to start, all ball control utilizes the accelerometer, as do the camera controls. Tipping the device forward makes you go forward; tipping back slows you down. Left and right tilting rotates the camera angle, holding the bottom right corner locks the camera, and swiping across the screen also rotates the camera. It took a bit of getting used to, but we got a handle on things pretty quickly. The swiping didn't work all that well, so it was good that we had other options.
Replay value is pretty good, as the world rankings give you an incentive to shave your time down to improve your standing. There is no social integration, nor any other bells and whistles of which to speak. The focus remains on the gameplay, which is quite engaging and fun. For $1.99, Aerox is a 4-Dimple offering that's worth a look.
Aerox for iPhone Review,


text:
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Model: 63213B10 Item: EUR63213B10
Disposable bags for SC600 and SC800 series vacuums with extension tube.
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At Printerbazaar, we are committed to make your shopping experience hassle-free by conveying the best information. We understand that office related purchasing decisions are vital and thus the right comparisons are necessary before buying.
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$14.16$878 / each
Electrolux Sanitaire® Upright Carpet Cleaner, 2-Stage Motor, 17" Cleaning Path, 50ft cord
$2,134.99$1,51584 / each


text:
Questions? We have the answer!
Instant Help
- Question about the maintenance license?
- Lost license keys, that have been purchased online can be retrieved from our our online reseller ShareIT/DigitalRiver.
- Make sure to install the latest software version.
- Browse the user manual. It really is a useful source of information.
- The trouble shooter solves "99%" of typical issues.
- Check out the video tutorials to learn more about macro programming.
- Browse the forum to get help from the PhraseExpress community.
We kindly ask for your understanding, that customer support is reserved for users with a valid maintenance.
If you need assistance in advanced macro programming, please visit the consulting services.
Please include following information with your support request:
- Always include your license key and the hardware ID (see "Help" » "About PhraseExpress".
- Include any information as email message plain text. Do not send attachments.
- Please send an email containing above information.


text:
Over the holiday season the blue star mothers shipped more than 150 care packages to troops around the world, but just because Christmas is over does not mean the need is gone...
That's why the group created an online wish list to make it easier for people who want to help. The webpage is full of items needed for three different projects, such as care packages for the troops overseas, hero packages for the kids of troops, and veteran packages for our local vets.
According to Wendy Haoffman with Blue Star Mothers, "The importance of it is just showing them that we are there, we are behind them and we are not going to let them down."
If you would like to help, just head over to their website at http://www.dollardays.com/bluestarmothers/wishlist.html.


text:
Victoria's Liberal Opposition fending off criticism over its decision not to contest bi-elections
Broadcast: 03/08/2007
Reporter: Josephine Cafagna
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA, REPORTER: It's better than first day at school for the new Government line up. All primed and ready for battle. Fresh talent with a new and, according to him, more decisive captain.
The smooth, seamless transition of the past week from Steve Bracks to John Brumby has even surprised those in the Labor Party.
No, public factional brawling, no bitter party room contests and to top it all off today, a gift from the Liberal Party.
It has decided not to contest the two upcoming bi-elections caused by the Bracks Thwaites resignations.
JOHN BRUMBY, VICTORIAN PREMIER: I think the public would be very surprised that they are not fielding candidates.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: There will be two electoral contests. One in the seat of Williamstown held by the Labor Party with a 24 per cent margin. The other by election will be in the seat of Albert Park.
ANTONY GREEN, ABC ELECTION ANALYST: The Liberal Party vote was relatively high in terms of primary vote. The Liberal Party got 34 per cent to Labor's 41 with the Greens around 19. If they had a good candidate on the ground, they would have had a chance. Four weeks to a bi-election to suddenly announce a candidate, you wouldn't get much momentum to mount a serious campaign.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: Last night the all powerful administrative committee of the Victorian Liberal Party decided it would not stand a candidate in either seat. A rebuff to leader Ted Baillieu, who argued the party should field a candidate in Albert Park.
TED BAILLIEU, OPPOSITION LEADER: I thought in Albert Park we could have a fight in regard to John Thwaites vacating the seat and other issues. The party, on a collective view, took a different position to that.
I accept that. That's what the party does. I've been party President before. I'm not uncomfortable with the decision. I understand how it was made.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: You felt Albert Park was winnable?
TED BALLIEU: Well, I'd like to think it was winnable.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: Can you understand the Liberals' decision?
GREG BARBER, GREENS MP: No. It's a real disappointment. Here are two electorates that get ignored at election time and now they will be front and centre of Victorian politics for the next month or so. There won't be a Liberal candidate for the loyal Liberal voters to vote for. People will have to guess between label and Green.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: It's not the fact that Mr Baillieu was overruled in the administrative committee vote on the issue that should be of concern to the Liberal Party. It's the re-emergence of old factional rivalries between those loyal to Federal Treasurer Peter Costello and those aligned with the so called Kennett-Baillieu faction. Mr Costello's group controls the committee. According to some present at the meeting, Mr Baillieu failed to make his views known and abstain Friday voting, a claim denied by others present.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: Could there be any ambiguity in the way you voted? Did everyone see you vote?
TED BALLIEU: I don't think there could be any ambiguity. I voted. There were plenty of people in the room who saw me do that. I don't know where the story has come from, Josephine. If someone is not prepared to stand up and say otherwise, you can discount that. There are plenty of people who did see me do that.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: Do you suspect someone is trying to undermine you?
TED BALLIEU: I don't know what motive or who has said these things. I'd be guessing. I'm comfortable with the decision. I've been there on both sides of the fence. I would have been happy to have the fight.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: Victorian party President Dr David Kemp says the money spent on contestings bi-elections could better be used fighting the Federal election.
DAVID KEMP, VICTORIAN LIBERAL PARTY PRESIDENT: It's not a question of not having resources, but a question of not wanting to put resources into areas where they won't return a strategic benefit. We judge, as we have judged on every recent occasion, that this is not the right thing for the Liberal Party to do, to be working in safe Labor seats.
The Labor Party would like of course us to be out there fighting in safe Labor seats, but they would know what the outcome would be and so they think they could get something out of it.
JOSEPHINE CAFAGNA: The outcome for Mr Brumby and his team, in the short term at least, will be a much easier electoral test.