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Mango Promotion, Research, and Information Order; Section 610 Review
Notice Of Regulatory Review And Request For Comments.
This document announces the Agricultural Marketing Service's (AMS) plans to review the Mango Promotion, Research, and Information Order (Order). The review will be conducted under criteria contained in Section 610 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA).
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DATES: Back to Top
Comments must be received by August 19, 2014.
ADDRESSES: Back to Top
Interested persons are invited to submit written comments concerning this notice. Comments may be submitted on the Internet at: http://www.regulations.gov or to the Promotion and Economics Division, Fruit and Vegetable Program, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Room 1406-S, Stop 0244, Washington, DC 20250-0244; facsimile: (202) 205-2800. All comments should reference the document number and the date and page number of this issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public inspection, including name and address, if provided, in the above office during regular business hours or it can be viewed at http://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Back to Top
Jeanette Palmer, Marketing Specialist, Promotion and Economics Division, Fruit and Vegetable Program, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Room 1406-S, Stop 0244, Washington, DC 20250-0244; telephone: (202) 720-9915; facsimile (202) 205-2800; or electronic mail: email@example.com.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Back to Top
The Order (7 CFR part 1206) is authorized under the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996 (Act) (7 U.S.C. 7411-7425).
The Order became effective on November 3, 2004. It is administered by the National Mango Board (Board) with oversight by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program is financed by an assessment of three quarters of a cent per pound on first handlers and importers of 500,000 pounds or more of mangos annually. The Order specifies that first handlers are responsible for submitting assessments to the Board on a monthly basis and maintaining records necessary to verify their reporting. Importers are responsible for paying assessments on mangos imported for consumption in the United States through the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The purpose of the Order is to carry out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of promotion, research, and information designed to strengthen mangos' competitive position, and to maintain and expand the domestic market for mangos.
The Board is composed of 18 members as follows: 8 Importers; 2 domestic producers; 1 first handler; and 7 foreign producers. Nominations for importer, domestic producer, and first handler members are solicited by importers, domestic producers, and first handlers, respectively. Nominations for foreign producer members are solicited from foreign producers and foreign producer associations. Members are appointed to the Board by the Secretary of Agriculture and serve a term of three years.
The AMS published in the Federal Register on March 24, 2006, (71 FR 14827) its plan to review certain regulations, including the mango program, under criteria contained in section 610 of the RFA (5 U.S.C. 601-612). Because many AMS regulations impact small entities, AMS decided, as a matter of policy, to review certain regulations which, although they may not meet the threshold requirement under section 610 of the RFA, warrant review. According to the schedule published in 2006, this notice and request for comments is made for the Order.
The purpose of the review is to determine whether the Order should be continued without change, amended, or rescinded (consistent with the objectives of the Act) to minimize the impacts on small entities. AMS will consider the following factors: (1) The continued need for the Order; (2) the nature of complaints or comments received from the public concerning the Order; (3) the complexity of the Order; (4) the extent to which the Order overlaps, duplicates, or conflicts with other Federal rules, and, to the extent feasible, with State and local regulations; and (5) the length of time since the Order has been evaluated or the degree to which technology, economic conditions, or other factors have changed in the area affected by the Order.
Written comments, views, opinions, and other information regarding the Order's impact on small businesses are invited.
Dated: June 16, 2014.
Rex A. Barnes,
Associate Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2014-14398 Filed 6-19-14; 8:45 am]


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From the University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Yoga in York, York, United Kingdom; and SBRCP-Yoga Walsingham Clinic, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
Grant Support: By Arthritis Research UK.
Acknowledgment: The authors thank Jennifer Klaber-Moffett for her contribution to the development of the original trial protocol and contribution of her expertise in low back pain during the early phase of the trial. They also thank all the yoga teachers who participated in delivering and assessing the intervention.
Potential Conflicts of Interest: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M10-2577.
Reproducible Research Statement:Study protocol: Available at Cox H, Tilbrook H, Aplin J, et al. A pragmatic multi-centred randomised controlled trial of yoga for chronic low back pain: trial protocol. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16:76-80. Statistical code and data set: Availability of certain portions of the analytic data set and statistical code to approved individuals through written agreements with Dr. Torgerson (e-mail, email@example.com).
Requests for Single Reprints: Helen E. Tilbrook, BSc, MSc, York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Lower Ground Floor, ARRC Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; e-mail, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Current Author Addresses: Ms. Tilbrook, Ms. Cox, Dr. Hewitt, Mr. Kang'ombe, Dr. Chuang, and Ms. Jayakody: University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Dr. Aplin: Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
Ms. Semlyen: Yoga in York, 24 Grange Street, York YO10 4BH, United Kingdom.
Ms. Trewhela: SBRCP-Yoga Walsingham Clinic, 2 Walsingham Place, Truro, Cornwall TR1 2RP, United Kingdom.
Dr. Watt: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Area 2, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Dr. Torgerson: Hull York Medical School, York Trials Unit, Lower Ground Floor, ARRC Building, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: H.E. Tilbrook, H. Cox, J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen, A. Trewhela, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: H.E. Tilbrook, C.E. Hewitt, A.R. Kang'ombe, J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen, A. Trewhela, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Drafting of the article: H.E. Tilbrook, C.E. Hewitt, A.R. Kang'ombe, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: C.E. Hewitt, L.H. Chuang, J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen, A. Trewhela, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Final approval of the article: H.E. Tilbrook, H. Cox, C.E. Hewitt, A.R. Kang'ombe, J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen, A. Trewhela, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Provision of study materials or patients: A. Semlyen, A. Trewhela.
Statistical expertise: C.E. Hewitt, A.R. Kang'ombe.
Obtaining of funding: J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen, I. Watt, D.J. Torgerson.
Administrative, technical, or logistic support: H. Cox, J.D. Aplin, A. Semlyen.
Collection and assembly of data: H.E. Tilbrook, H. Cox, D.J. Torgerson.
Background: Previous studies indicate that yoga may be an effective treatment for chronic or recurrent low back pain.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of yoga and usual care for chronic or recurrent low back pain.
Design: Parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial using computer-generated randomization conducted from April 2007 to March 2010. Outcomes were assessed by postal questionnaire. (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register: ISRCTN 81079604)
Setting: 13 non–National Health Service premises in the United Kingdom.
Patients: 313 adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain.
Intervention: Yoga (n = 156) or usual care (n = 157). All participants received a back pain education booklet. The intervention group was offered a 12-class, gradually progressing yoga program delivered by 12 teachers over 3 months.
Measurements: Scores on the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) at 3 (primary outcome), 6, and 12 (secondary outcomes) months; pain, pain self-efficacy, and general health measures at 3, 6, and 12 months (secondary outcomes).
Results: 93 (60%) patients offered yoga attended at least 3 of the first 6 sessions and at least 3 other sessions. The yoga group had better back function at 3, 6, and 12 months than the usual care group. The adjusted mean RMDQ score was 2.17 points (95% CI, 1.03 to 3.31 points) lower in the yoga group at 3 months, 1.48 points (CI, 0.33 to 2.62 points) lower at 6 months, and 1.57 points (CI, 0.42 to 2.71 points) lower at 12 months. The yoga and usual care groups had similar back pain and general health scores at 3, 6, and 12 months, and the yoga group had higher pain self-efficacy scores at 3 and 6 months but not at 12 months. Two of the 157 usual care participants and 12 of the 156 yoga participants reported adverse events, mostly increased pain.
Limitation: There were missing data for the primary outcome (yoga group, n = 21; usual care group, n = 18) and differential missing data (more in the yoga group) for secondary outcomes.
Conclusion: Offering a 12-week yoga program to adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain led to greater improvements in back function than did usual care.
Primary Funding Source: Arthritis Research UK.
Is yoga an effective therapy for low back pain?
In this trial, adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain were randomly assigned to a 12-session, 3-month yoga program (n = 156) or usual care (n = 157). The yoga group had better back function but similar back pain and general health scores at 3, 6, and 12 months compared with the usual care group. Eight participants reported adverse events, such as increased pain, that were perhaps related to yoga.
Compliance with yoga was incomplete, and some outcome data were missing.
Yoga can improve some outcomes in adults with chronic low back pain.
—The Editors
Back pain is a common and costly condition (1–2). Exercise treatment, although widely used and recommended, has only a small effect on back pain (3–5). Yoga may offer an alternative approach to the treatment of low back pain. The benefits of yoga may be greater than those of exercise alone because yoga offers a combination of physical exercise with mental focus, and patients are taught good posture, self-awareness, and self-care along with relaxation. We recently conducted a literature review and found evidence that yoga may be an effective treatment of chronic low back pain (6–12). However, the previous studies had limitations, including small sample sizes, a single yoga teacher delivering the program, and short-term follow-up. We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether offering a 12-week yoga program to adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain led to greater improvements in back function than usual care (13) (https://hscisrv07.york.ac.uk/yoga/html/index.html).
In this parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial, participants were allocated in an overall ratio of 1:1 to usual care or yoga. Participants were recruited between July 2007 and July 2008, with final follow-up in November 2009. The Leeds (East) Research Ethics Committee approved the study (reference 07/Q1206/35).
Thirty-nine general practices were recruited to the study. Participating general medical practices searched patient databases and mailed out an invitation packet to all individuals aged 18 to 65 years who had a visit for low back pain in the past 18 months; database searches were undertaken in 2 waves. In addition, during the second wave of recruitment, advertisements were also placed in local media. Individuals who were interested in participating were asked to return a consent form and an eligibility questionnaire containing the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) (14)—a 24-item questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 (best) to 24 (worst)—to the York Trials Unit.
Trial coordinators determined eligibility; criteria were as follows: a score of 4 or more on the RMDQ, musculoskeletal pain bounded by the lowest ribs and gluteal folds, and ability to attend 1 of the yoga venues. Patients were excluded if they 1) did not return a baseline questionnaire (second recruitment wave only), 2) had performed yoga in the previous 6 months, 3) could not get off the floor unaided, 4) could not use stairs, 5) were pregnant, 6) had life-threatening comorbid conditions, 7) had previously undergone spinal surgery, 8) had severe documented psychiatric problems or alcohol dependency, and 9) had indications of serious spinal neurologic abnormality (1 or more of the following: difficulty passing urine; numbness around their back passage, genitals, or inner thighs; numbness, pins and needles, or weakness in both legs; or unsteadiness on feet). Eligibility was confirmed through the participant's general practitioner.
The randomization sequence was computer generated by an independent data manager and was stratified by participants' prespecified availability to attend yoga classes from a list of classes available, with 1 block per class. Eligible participants' details were entered into a randomization database by the trial coordinators and secretary, who were blinded to the allocation sequence. A variable allocation ratio was used for each class to ensure that no more than 15 participants were allocated to any 1 class. Classes for which fewer than 15 participants expressed availability had an allocation ratio favoring the intervention group to ensure that there were equal numbers of participants in each group. Seven participants were added later and were randomly assigned individually in a 1:1 ratio.
All participants received a back pain education booklet (The Back Book15) and usual care. The intervention group was also offered a yoga program. The usual care group was offered a 1-time session of yoga after final follow-up.
Twenty experienced yoga teachers from 2 yoga associations—the British Wheel of Yoga and Iyengar Yoga (10 from each)—were recruited for the study. Teachers attended program training sessions over 2 weekends. All teachers taught the same form of yoga according to the teachers' manual class plans and the pose descriptions and sequences contained in the students' manual. For each course, 2 teachers were selected: 1 to teach and 1 to serve as back-up. Treatment fidelity was assessed on 2 separate occasions by the back-up yoga teachers. At each assessment, a report was completed and sent to the trial coordinators for review. The fidelity of content was verified by this process, and no changes resulted from the monitoring sessions.
Yoga was delivered in nonmedical centers in England (Cornwall, North and West London, Manchester, and York) and was delivered in twelve 75-minute classes (1 class per week). The classes ran from November 2007 to February 2008 and from September 2008 to December 2008. At the first class, participants were given the student manual, a mat, and a relaxation compact disc (which featured 4 narrated guided relaxations focusing on body parts, color meditation, breath awareness, and mental positivity). Home practice sheets were distributed in the class at 4 intervals over the 12 weeks.
The yoga program introduced participants to the foundational elements of yoga adapted appropriately for low back pain, including asana, pranayama, relaxation techniques, mental focus, and philosophy. Classes consisted of an introduction to the weekly theme; pain-relieving or settling-in relaxing poses; a program of seated, standing, prone, and supine poses; educative postural advice; and 5 to 15 minutes of relaxation. Poses targeted stiff, weak, and uneducated areas of the whole body, with the intention of improving mobility, strength, and posture and reducing pain. Later classes featured postures that built on previous weeks, with the aim of increasing confidence in performing more daily activities. Classes sought to train participants in using yoga in everyday life and at home. Participants were encouraged to undertake yoga for 30 minutes daily or to practice at least 2 times per week, and to use the compact disc.
See the Video Supplement for further information.
Questionnaires were posted with a prepaid envelope. Nonresponders were initially followed up with postal reminders and then with a telephone call by the trial coordinators or secretary to collect the primary outcome measure. A subset of participants was randomly assigned to receive an electronic reminder on the day they were due to receive the 6-month questionnaire (16). First-wave participants received £5 with the 12-month questionnaire, and second-wave participants received £5 with the 3-, 6-, and 12-month questionnaires.
Outcomes were measured before randomization; at baseline; and at 3, 6, and 12 months. The prespecified primary outcome was back function at 3 months, immediately after the yoga intervention. Back function was measured by using the RMDQ (14).
Secondary outcomes were 1) 6- and 12-month measures of the primary outcome; 2) physical and mental health Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey component summary scores (17–18); 3) back pain scores on the Aberdeen Back Pain Scale (ABPS) (19); 4) self-efficacy scores on the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (20); 5) EuroQol-5D health index (21) (results reported separately); 6) number of days spent in bed and number of days with restricted activity (follow-up data reported separately); 7) economic data, including medication use over the previous 4 weeks and other health care use (reported separately); 8) beliefs, expectations, and preferences for treatment at baseline (22–23); 9) class attendance (self-reported and class registers); and 10) use of yoga at home. We did not collect data on participants' use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other physical activities.
Finally, participants were asked to call if they experienced an adverse event or became pregnant. All events were reported in accordance with National Research Ethics guidelines. Adverse events were assigned potential causality by 1 author (a practicing general practitioner and professor of primary and community care) within the time frame stated in the guidelines. There was no predefined list of possible adverse events. An independent steering committee reviewed all adverse events.
The United Kingdom BEAM (Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation) trial (3) found that a change in the RMDQ score of 1.57 points was a cost-effective difference. Assuming an SD of 4 points (as in the United Kingdom BEAM sample size), this results in an effect size of 0.39. To detect this effect size, assuming 80% power and 20% attrition, we required a total of 262 participants (131 per group).
The analysis plan was agreed on in advance by an independent trial steering committee. Analyses were conducted according to the original randomized treatment assignment regardless of adherence to protocol. Analyses were performed by using SAS software, version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). The statistician was blinded to randomized group.
Analyses were conducted by using a linear mixed model (proc mixed in SAS) to compare changes from baseline in RMDQ scores between the groups over time. The linear mixed model assumed that data were missing at random. Time was treated as a categorical variable and was included as a fixed effect in addition to group, age, sex, eligibility RMDQ score, class preference (stratification factor), group and time interaction, and duration of back pain. The likelihood ratio test was used to select the best covariance pattern. Model diagnostics showed that residuals were normally distributed with constant variance, and random intercept effects did not depart significantly from the normal distribution (24–25). Difference in scores between the groups at 3 (primary outcome) months and at 6 and 12 months (secondary outcomes), and 95% CIs were estimated from the model. To explore the effect of participant intervention preference, the above model was extended to include intervention preference and an interaction term between intervention preference and group. The Fisher exact test was also used to explore the association between adherence and intervention preference.
To assess departures from the missing-at-random assumption in the primary outcome model, a best-case and worst-case sensitivity analysis was undertaken. Under the best-case analysis, all yoga participants with missing data were assigned the lowest RMDQ score from yoga participants with observed data, and all usual care participants with missing data were assigned the highest RMDQ score from usual care participants with observed data. Under the worst-case analysis, all yoga participants with missing data were assigned the highest RMDQ score from yoga participants with observed data, and all usual care participants with missing data were assigned the lowest RMDQ score from usual care participants with observed data.
The ABPS, SF-12 mental and physical component scores, and PSEQ were analyzed by using the same analysis method as used for the primary outcome. The number of adverse events by participant and the total number of events by group were summarized.
This trial was funded by Arthritis Research UK and sponsored by the University of York. The funding source had no role in designing the study; collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data; writing the report; or deciding to submit the manuscript for publication.
A total of 1093 individuals with low back pain were screened, and 313 (28.7%) were randomly assigned from 5 centers: 156 to yoga and 157 to usual care (Figure 1). Participants were mostly middle-aged employed women (Table 1); the average duration of back pain was 10 years (SD, 9.7), and 77% had current back pain. At baseline, 207 (67%) participants expressed a preference for yoga, 11 (4%) preferred usual care, and 93 (30%) had no preference. Two participants did not express a preference.
GP = general practitioner.
* An indicator of a more serious medical condition.
† Baseline questionnaires were sent out after randomization to the first-wave participants (n = 165) and before randomization to the second-wave participants (n = 148). Participants who did not return a baseline questionnaire in the second wave were not randomly assigned.
‡ Participants who did not return a questionnaire at that time point but completed questionnaires at subsequent follow-ups. Therefore, the numbers given for "questionnaire not returned" are not cumulative. Number included in analysis refers to numbers included in the main mean Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire analyses.
There were 16 yoga courses, and the average number of participants allocated to each was 9.75 (SD, 3.68; median, 10 [range, 3 to 15]). The range in mean change from baseline RMDQ scores at 3 months by class was −6.5 to 0. Ninety-three (60%) participants attended at least 3 of the first 6 classes and at least any other 3 classes (adhered); of the remaining participants, 40 (26%) attended at least 1 class but did not meet the above criteria (mean attendance, 3.1; median attendance, 3.0 [range, 1 to 8]) and 23 (15%) did not attend any classes. Of participants who adhered, 72% (n = 66) expressed a preference for yoga at baseline, 1% (n = 1) preferred usual care, and 27% (n = 25) had no preference; 1 person did not express a preference. Of participants who did not adhere, 73% (n = 46) expressed a preference for yoga, 5% (n = 3) preferred usual care, and 22% (n = 14) had no preference. There was no association between treatment preference at baseline and adherence (P = 0.39, Fisher exact test).
The yoga group had better back function at 3 (primary outcome), 6, and 12 (secondary outcomes) months than the usual care group (Figure 2 and Table 2). The adjusted mean RMDQ score was 2.17 points (95% CI, 1.03 to 3.31 points) lower in the yoga group at 3 months, 1.48 points (CI, 0.33 to 2.62 points) lower at 6 months, and 1.57 points (CI, 0.42 to 2.71 points) lower at 12 months.
Mean changes from baseline are all predicted means and 95% CIs, estimated from the mixed-effects models, and were adjusted by month, age, sex, eligibility score, class availability, and duration of back pain as fixed effects and random intercepts as random effects. RMDQ = Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire.
There was no overall association between RMDQ score and class preference (P = 0.119), and the effect of treatment did not vary by baseline intervention preference (P for interaction = 0.39) or whether the participant had current back pain at baseline (P for interaction = 0.27).
Under the best-case analysis, participants in the yoga group continued to have better back function at 3, 6, and 12 months than participants in the usual care group, with larger treatment effect estimates (Table 2). Conversely, under the worst-case analysis, there was no evidence of a difference in back function between the yoga and usual care groups.
The yoga and usual care groups had similar back pain and general health scores at 3, 6, and 12 months; the yoga group had higher pain self-efficacy scores at 3 and 6 months but not at 12 months (Table 3). There was no association at all time points between pain and general health and treatment (ABPS, P = 0.136; SF-12 physical component score, P = 0.21; SF-12 mental component score, P = 0.145), and the results did not vary by month of follow-up (P for interaction for ABPS = 0.39; for SF-12 physical component score = 0.82; for SF-12 mental component score = 0.24). There was an association over all time points between the PSEQ score and treatment (P = 0.022), and the effect of treatment did not vary by month of follow-up (P for interaction = 0.36).
For all secondary outcome measures, there were differential rates of missing outcome data between the 2 groups. The rates of missing data ranged from 17% to 21% in the yoga group and 13% to 17% in the usual care group.
Twelve of 156 (8%) yoga participants and 2 of 157 (1%) usual care participants reported adverse events (Table 4). In the yoga group, 1 adverse event was classified as serious and possibly or probably related to yoga (the participant experienced severe pain but had a history of severe pain after any physical activity); the remaining 11 were classified as nonserious and mostly related to increased pain. In the usual care group, 2 serious adverse events occurred.
This trial found that offering a 12-week yoga program to adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain led to greater improvements in back function than usual care. The improvements in back function were observed across the 12-month follow-up period but were more pronounced at 3 months, immediately after the intervention. Although there was no evidence of pain reduction at 12 months, confidence in performing normal activities despite pain improved more in the yoga group than usual care group at 3 and 6 months. We found little change in back pain and general health scores at 3, 6, and 12 months. Yoga seemed to be a safe form of activity, with only 8 participants reporting adverse events that were possibly or probably related to yoga.
Although there is no consensus, a change of 1.1 to 2.5 on the RMDQ has been recommended as clinically important (26–27). In this trial, we found that individuals offered yoga benefited from, on average, 2.17 fewer limited activities at 3 months and by 1.57 fewer limited activities at 12 months. The activities measured by the RMDQ include, for example, walking more slowly than usual, standing for only short periods, and not doing any of the usual jobs around the house. The fact that the benefits diminished over time, after the classes had finished, may indicate that additional classes would be required to maintain the improvement in back function.
Some participants in the yoga group reported that they attended other yoga classes after the 12-week program had finished, and others reported that they continued with home practice (Appendix Tables 1 and 2). The frequency of home practice was 82% in the first 3 months and then decreased to 65% at 6 months and 60% at 12 months; however, 13% of the yoga group did not provide home practice data at any of the follow-up points. The reported figures of home practice may explain why we observed some improvement in back function in the long term. Of note, some participants who did not adhere to the yoga program still reported home practice at 12 months.
Sixty percent of participants offered yoga adhered to the program: Of the remaining participants, 26% attended at least 1 class but did not fully adhere, and 15% did not attend any classes. Reasons for nonattendance varied: withdrawal by physician, work commitments, child care, and other health problems. For 21 of the 40 participants who partially adhered, we could not ascertain reasons for nonattendance. There were missing data for all outcomes, and differential rates of missing data were observed for secondary outcome measures. Hence, it is possible that such imbalances may have biased the results.
When departures from the missing-at-random assumption were assessed in the primary outcome model, the results were consistent with those of our primary analysis under the best-case scenario but were inconsistent under the worst-case scenario. These analyses are useful because they demonstrate the largest and smallest effect estimates compatible with the observed data; however, they are both unlikely scenarios. Unfortunately, the implications of missing data for the analysis depend on the missing-value mechanism, and this is rarely known.
Ours was a large randomized trial with long-term follow-up, including multiple teachers (n = 12) delivering classes in 5 geographic areas. The program was acceptable to and taught by teachers from 2 yoga associations. Checks were made to ensure fidelity to the program. A recent review identified 7 other randomized, controlled trials evaluating yoga for low back pain (6–12), but all had design limitations, including small sample sizes, a single yoga teacher delivering the program, and short-term follow-up. Most of the studies found differences in favor of yoga, and our results are consistent with their findings.
Other interventions for low back pain that have been evaluated in high-quality randomized, controlled trials include exercise and manipulation (3), the Alexander technique (26), and cognitive behavioral treatment (27). Comparing the findings of this study with these other interventions suggests that group yoga may improve back function (as measured by the RMDQ) more than exercise and manipulation, cognitive behavioral treatment, and 6 sessions of 1-to-1 Alexander technique but not as much as 24 sessions (Figure 3). However, we must be cautious about overanalyzing these results because the comparisons are indirect. Future research should compare yoga directly with these other treatments.
RMDQ = Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire; UK BEAM = United Kingdom Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation.
In summary, we found that offering a 12-week yoga program to adults with chronic or recurrent low back pain led to greater improvements in back function than usual care for up to 12 months. Yoga seems to be a safe and effective activity that clinicians could consider recommending for patients with a history of low back pain.
Video News Release - Yoga Trumps Usual Care for Improving Back Function
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When I read the headlines about this trial in the popular press and then went on to read the publication, I thought for a moment that some mistake had been made. By and large the media have reported this trial as demonstrating that yoga is a 'cure' for back pain. The researchers own website declares yoga a 'triumph' (https://hscisrv07.york.ac.uk/yoga/html/index.html). It is, of course, no such thing. The authors find a very modest but short term improvement in Roland Morris disability score which clearly does not achieve clinical significance. They state rather disingenuously that 'Although there is no consensus, a change of 1.1 to 2.5 on the RMDQ has been recommended as clinically important' citing two trials who used this range in their conclusions. Roland recommended at least a 2-3 point change should be considered the minimum clinically important change (1). Contrary to the authors view, there is a good deal of consensus as to what constitutes a minimum clinically important change in the Roland Morris score. Ostelo and co-workers for example, in an effort to reach an international consensus, proposed at least a 5 point difference (2). In this context, yoga is no triumph. One could even argue that given that this sort of pragmatic trial ('treatment + usual care vs. usual care') will almost never generate a negative result, one would have expected yoga to fair rather better. The real message here is that yoga does not make back pain any better. A small but clinically meaningless and shortlived improvement in function, almost certainly the result of the inherent biases of this sadly popular trial design is not the stuff of headlines.
Dr S P Ward FRCA FFPMRCA Consultant in Pain Medicine
1. Bombardier C, Hayden J, Beaton DE. Minimal clinically important difference. Low back pain: outcome measures.J Rheumatol. 2001 Feb;28(2):431-8. 2. Ostelo RW et al. Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Jan 1;33(1):90-4.
None declared
This well-conducted trial contributes to the growing body of knowledge about interventions that can complement usual GP care for those suffering from chronic low back pain. I was interested to see the post- hoc comparison with the outcome of the ATEAM trial, which evaluated the effectiveness of lessons in the Alexander Technique for chronic low back pain patients, but it is worth noting that the Roland Morris disability score is the only outcome measure in common between these two studies. In the ATEAM trial there was a second main outcome measure - of the number of days in pain during the past 4 weeks - which demonstrated significant long -term (1 year) reductions in the number of days in pain following lessons.
In the yoga trial there was no significant effect on back pain scores although some improvement was noted in a pain self-efficacy measure at the 3 and 6 month timepoints. Unfortunately the benefit in Roland Morris score tailed off over time, whereas in the ATEAM trial, improvement in both the Roland Morris and days in pain scores of participants receiving Alexander lessons was maintained at 12 months. This outcome appears to be in keeping with the primarily educational nature of Alexander Technique lessons, and suggests that a majority of participants continued to apply what they had learnt and use the Alexander Technique to maintain their recovery after the lessons had ceased.
A direct comparative trial of these two interventions, or indeed, a trial of yoga and Alexander Technique lessons compared with usual care, would be of interest. They are not incompatible and each has something different to contribute.
1. Little P, Lewith G, Webley F et al. Randomised controlled trial of Alexander Technique lessons, exercise and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent back pain. BMJ 2008; 337: a884.
2. Yardley L, Dennison L, Coker R, Webley F, Middleton K, Barnett J, Beattie A, Evans M, Smith P, Little P. Patients' views of receiving lessons in the Alexander Technique and an exercise prescription for managing back pain in the ATEAM trial. Fam Pract. 2009 Dec 23.
3. Beattie A, Shaw A, Yardley L, Little P, Sharp D. Participating in and delivering the ATEAM trial (Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage) interventions for chronic back pain: A qualitative study of professional perspectives. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2010;18:119 -27.
I am the Chair of the Scientific Research Committee of the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique (STAT) which is the largest and oldest professional body for Alexander Technique teachers in the UK
Yoga is a well known body-mind exercise which has been proven to stabilize mind and further improve physical inability. With some evidence, yoga may reduce inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and this can support the relief for chronic back pain. In comparison to another body-mind exercise, tai-chi exercise, a number of similar studies have been done. Many reports indicated that tai-chi exercise can improve self-estimated quality of life, mood and physical tolerance for patients with heart failure.(1) In a recent study by Hall et al, tai-chi exercise reduced bothersomeness of back symptoms by 1.7 points on a 0-10 scale, reduced pain intensity by 1.3 points on a 0-10 scale, and improved self-report disability by 2.6 points on the 0-24 Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scale over a 10- week period.(2) This finding is very close to the results of yoga. Accordingly, we believe that, body-mind exercise like yoga or tai-chi exercise may relieve people with chronic back pain via stabilizing their mood and then affect the performance of physical activity.
1. Yeh GY, McCarthy EP, Wayne PM, Stevenson LW, Wood MJ, Forman D, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Tai chi exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:750-7.
2. Hall AM, Maher CG, Lam P, Ferreira M, Latimer J. Tai chi exercise for treatment of pain and disability in people with persistent low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:1576-83
I read with interest your article on "Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain." There is no doubt in my mind that continuing the yoga intervention would have improved the longterm benefits like any fitness program. However, there are some missing and confusing information about this study. First of all, there was no description of what kind of yoga was practiced as well as what information was given to the control group. I specialize in teaching yoga to special populations and offer classes that are specifically tailored for the people I teach. Of course, one size never fits all, I would be interested in knowing what poses they were teaching. Did they incorporate core strengthening? Did they use props? Also, on page 572, table 1, there is mention that all subjects were male and yet in the body of the text, the authors refer to research participants as 'individual adults' and do not mention gender. can you clarify as to what gender was researched? This research is an important piece in validating the therapeutic aspects of yoga, however, it would be helpful to fully understand how the research was conducted. Thanks.
Firstly, please note that two thirds of our 313 trial participants were female.
Secondly, the first point of reference for anyone wishing to find out more about the yoga programme and its educational resources developed for this research trial should be a new website dedicated to this www.yogaforbacks.co.uk. Please also note that there is an informative video supplement for viewing accompanying our published paper on this Annals of Internal Medicine website, which gives a good overview of the 'Yoga for Healthy Lower Backs' programme used in the trial.
A new interesting systematic review by Posadzki et al shows yoga as being a useful treatment option for pain relief.
Along with another yoga teaching consultant on this trial, I have set up a Social Enterprise with the aim of educating and promoting the yoga programme used in this RCT and its educational resources
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This is the best garlic bread I have ever tasted.
This is a nice change from regular old pasta with tomato sauce.
It is the sweetness of the roasted garlic that makes these mashed potatoes so delicious.
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The lawsuit alleges the children of 33-year-old suspect JoDon Romero have suffered emotional distress from having seen the video of their father fatally shooting himself on Sept. 28 at the end of an 80-mile car chase.
The lawsuit seeking unspecified damages was filed June 6 in county court in metro Phoenix by Angela Rodriguez, the mother of Romero's three sons, ages 15, 13 and 9. It was also filed against Fox Entertainment Group Inc. and Fox's parent company, News Corp.
The network issued a statement saying it couldn't comment because of the pending litigation.
Fox News was covering the chase using a live helicopter shot from Phoenix affiliate KSAZ-TV. Anchor Shepard Smith told viewers that the video was supposed to be on a delay so it could be cut off if something went awry and that the footage didn't belong on TV and apologized for it. "Get off it," Smith said repeatedly immediately after the suicide was aired.
The lawsuit said the Phoenix affiliate succeeded in using its time delay.
The chase began in Phoenix when police say Romero had a minor incident in which he apparently hit a passing car with his hand, leading to a call to police.
The lawsuit said a rumor at the school of Romero's sons had generated buzz among students about a televised suicide, so the two older boys went home and viewed the footage on YouTube. "As they watched, they realized in horror that they were watching their father," Rodriguez's attorney, Joel Robbins, said in the lawsuit.
The lawsuit said Romero's two oldest boys haven't returned to school since seeing the video and have suffered emotional distress, including experiencing flashbacks.
Romero's youngest son hasn't been fully evaluated but has still experienced considerable emotional distress, the lawsuit said.


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Aufruf, meaning "calling up" in Yiddish, is the custom of calling a bridegroom (chatan) up to the Torah on the Shabbat before his wedding. After he has finished the blessings, people shout "Mazeltov" and throw sweets. Children rush to gather armfuls of them. Often the bride has a Shabbat Kallah at the same time, which is an informal send-off by her friends into married life.
The Midrash describes King Solomon's Temple as having a gate especially for chatanim. When they entered, people would bless them. In post-Temple times, an aufruf is an opportunity to bless the couple before their wedding.
Sephardic Jews call the groom to the Torah on the Shabbat after the wedding. Many Ashkenazi Israelis have adopted this custom, as a post-wedding Shabbat Chatan can double as a "Shabbat Sheva Berachot": it is a time when both families can celebrate together and have the chance to get acquainted in the afterglow of the wedding.
Rabbi Julian Sinclair


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Patients & Visitors
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Montefiore Diamond Care is a managed long-term care plan designed for individuals who are frail but able to live independently at home with services and support provided by Montefiore. We coordinate all medically necessary services to support independent living. Our team includes registered nurses and other healthcare professionals in your community.
- Adult Day Healthcare
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My mom taught me to crochet when I was a little girl. My children inspire me to make things for them.View all patterns by designer (63) »
Finished size using worsted weight yarn and size G/4.25 mm hook is approx. 3 1/2 inches by 2 inches.
The applique are great for scrapbooking, hats, pins and many other crafts.
There are several detailed pictures in this pattern to help those who need to see examples. I am a visual learner and just have to see it sometimes to understand. If you have any questions about the pattern, you can always email me.
My patterns are copyright protected, but you are welcome to sell items you make from them. I do ask that you credit me with a link to my site: www.creatingeverlaughter.com
"Laugh as much as you breathe and love as long as you live."


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Economic Growth Sends German Borrowing Costs Soaring
Signs of an economic recovery in the euro zone have underpinned demand for Italian and Spanish bonds in recent weeks. But Germany, the common currency area's largest economy, is seeing its borrowing costs leap to an 18-month high as faster economic growth curbs the need for the European Central Bank to provide additional stimulus.
Germany, the only euro-zone country with a scheduled bond issuance this week, sold €3.231 billion ($4.29 billion) of the 1.50% May 2023-dated Bund at an average yield of 1.80%, the Bundesbank said. This yield isn't only above the 1.57% seen at the previous auction of the same Bund a month ago, but it is also represents the highest borrowing cost Germany has paid at a 10-year auction since late February 2012.
The ECB's accommodative policy has anchored yields on shorter-dated bonds at relatively low levels. However, the U.S. Federal Reserve's plan to reduce the size of its bond-buying stimulus program, which has supported global debt markets for several years, has put an upward pressure on global yields in general, while improving economic indicators have lifted yields on longer-dated core government bond yields. German 10-year yields have risen from around 1.17% at the beginning of May.
Demand at the auction was sluggish, but Jens Peter Sorensen, chief analyst at Danske Markets still expects demand for Bunds to continue to be solid despite the higher yield level and the performance of the periphery.
In addition, Lyn Graham-Taylor, a strategist at Rabobank International, said that such a weak result had largely been expected following the recent brightening in euro-zone economic data, putting pressure on the German yield curve.
A fresh boost to the German economy prior to the auction came from the release of the country's second-quarter gross domestic product data Wednesday which grew 0.7% from the preceding period, in line with economists' forecasts. That equates to annualized growth of 2.9%. By comparison, the U.S. economy expanded by an annualized 1.7% in the same period, while Japan's growth rate eased to 2.6%.
An improving outlook of the German economy, a locomotive for the rest of Europe, has also fueled growth elsewhere in the single currency area, pulling the bloc out of recession after six quarters of contraction.
Despite the data, analysts point out that the region's economy isn't firing on all cylinders and expectations of a change to ECB's so far accommodative monetary policy may be premature.
Indeed, Mr. Draghi recently said that while there are tentative signs of a recovery in Europe, expectations of rate hikes in money markets are "unwarranted." The ECB recently also gave a forward guidance, pledging to keep its key policy rate at current or lower levels on a longer horizon.
Despite the caution, analysts are relieved that the euro-zone economy seems to be getting back on its feet.
"Of course, the euro zone still has a long way to go before positive growth numbers can honestly be called a recovery but relief should stand above scepticism, at least for one day," said Carsten Brzeski, economist at ING Bank.
While an improving outlook for economically weaker countries, such as Spain or Italy, boosts appetite for their debt and for riskier assets in general, at the same time it lowers the appeal of safe haven German Bunds. Nonetheless, many investors find German debt attractive at the current higher yields after having to do with record low levels previously.
Germany reopened this 10-year Bund for the last time at this auction. At the next 10-year debt auction on Sept. 11 it will launch a new series with maturity in August 2023. The Bund series on offer at this auction was a reopened issue.
(Nina Adam and Paul Hannon contributed to this article.)


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druids immune to hex, poly - can be beast feared, hibernated means they have the same amounts of "cc"
Root shifting for the damage they can do is a bit stupid; altho it does use a 1.5 GCD
Taking a look at the other melee
--warriors insane mobility, near fear invulnerably, heavy damage, strong aoe control (20 sec aoe stun/1.5 min aoe fear)
--rogues hmmm ya
--enhancement insane anti-caster abilities between purges, multiple totems, and ranged short CD interrupt
--dks heavy damage moderate defensive lacking off cc
--monk ?
3x3min CDs vs other classes 1-1.5/2 min CD stacking is a debatable argument
feral fear pathing is the absolute worst in the game b/c they run faster then everyone they also run SO far away
ferals are SQUISHY without symbiosis for bubble/disperse; these arent' OP dual mastery go bear tank with a 20k physical shield absorbtion ability Cata druids. These are 7k armor, 11% dodge kitty form druids
if they take away PS Clone (which can be purged, spell stole, grounded, cc'd through) how do u expect a melee to get off a 1.5 sec 5/3/1 cc... basically makes it worthless after 2nd hard cast just from a GCD cost vs benefit perspective
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JUN 13, 2013 - Washington Times
A Must Read - Share
Four years is enough: U.S. Surgeon General Regina M. Benjamin said she is leaving her post, effective in July. Deputy Surgeon General Boris Lushniak will step into the position on an interim basis, CNN reported. "My goal was to create a grassroots movement, to change our health care system from ...
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Shuttle service will start one hour prior to and will run one hour later than the Conference & Expo official hours daily. All shuttles are clearly marked with a NAR identification sign placed on the front window of each bus.
Hours of Service
The start time of shuttle service indicates when the first buses will begin to pick up at hotels. The end time reflects when the last buses will depart the Orange County Convention Center West.


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ARM Joins European Partners for Mobile Security Standard
ARM Holdings, based in Cambridge U.K., is joining France's Gemalto and Germany's Giesecke & Devrient to develop a common security standard for mobile devices. It is a move which could be seen as ARM digging in to protect its dominant position in mobile devices against the world's largest chipmaker, Intel.
The new joint venture represents a powerful combination with Gemalto being, by value, the largest global manufacturer of mobile phone and credit card chips, Giesecke & Devrient offering expertise contactless payment chips and near-field communications (NFC) while ARM provides the processor technology of choice in most of the world's mobile devices including cellphones, tablets and games consoles.
Together they will create a new company with each of the partners providing intellectual property, staff and cash, as Tech World reports:
ARM plans for example to make its ARM TrustZone security technology, integrated into the ARM Cortex-A processor series, the basis for the development of a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), a secure environment for software execution that will utilize advanced hardware security coupled with industry standard software interfaces.
The move by ARM resembles closely Intel's bid to build hardware-assisted security products, branded DeepSAFE, after its $7.68 billion (£4.8 billion) acquisition of McAfee. DeepSAFE technology sits beyond the operating system and close to the silicon.
Computer Business Review adds:
Most importantly, ARM is hoping to speed up what has quickly become an industry wide stagnation — the battle over mobile payment standards.
"The integration of the hardware, software and services necessary for system-wide security has been slow," said Warren East, ARM's CEO.
"I am confident that this new joint venture will accelerate the adoption of a common security standard, enabling a vibrant ecosystem of secure service providers to emerge. This will be of significant step in terms of improved consumer trust in secure transactions on connected devices."
This standard will also be available to non-mobile devices, such as smart TVs and games consoles, the chip designer said.
Tech World: ARM invests in embedded device security joint venture
Computer Business Review: ARM in new JV to provide new secure mobile payment standard


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Mayor De Blasio Won't Push For Property Tax Increase
Mayor Bill de Blasio will not recommend any increase to New York City's property-tax rate when he releases his preliminary budget proposal this month.
"We have no plans for a property tax increase," Mr. de Blasio said Tuesday at a City Hall news conference, echoing statements he made during his campaign for mayor last year.
Mr. de Blasio is expected to release next week his preliminary budget proposal for the fiscal year beginning July 1. It will be his first budget proposal as mayor.
While Mr. de Blasio said he isn't seeking an increase in the tax rate, preliminary figures released by the city's Department of Finance last month showed that tax-assessment rolls are due to rise by 8% beginning in July, far more than the city has been projecting. For many property owners, that could mean significantly higher taxes.
The assessment increase would be the second-highest gain since at least 1996, city figures show, after an 8.1% increase in the fiscal year ended in June 2008 at the peak of the last real estate boom.
A property tax increase may not be in the cards, but if the mayor gets his way, the wealthy in the city will get a tax increase.
Mr. de Blasio is seeking an increase in city income taxes on New Yorkers making $500,000 or more to pay for prekindergarten and after-school programs for middle school students. Unlike the property tax rate, which the City Council has the power to set, the city's income tax is set by lawmakers in Albany.
The mayor faces an uphill battle to convince the state to give his tax proposal the green light.
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat who faces re-election this year, has firmly positioned himself against any tax increase. The governor has offered to pay for the mayor's education initiatives with existing state funds, but Mr. de Blasio has said the city needs a reliable, steady funding source and will continue to push for an income tax increase.
During a news conference on Tuesday, the mayor repeatedly pointed to the fiscal challenges facing his administration as he prepares to release his first budget proposal. Contracts for all city employees, including more than 150 bargaining units, have expired, and city unions have been demanding retroactive raises for workers.
The open labor contracts create "tremendous fiscal uncertainty, and we don't know even the timeline on which they will be settled," Mr. de Blasio said.
"This is an unprecedented dynamic, and we're going to have a huge fiscal challenge ahead," the mayor said. "And one that should not have been handed to us. You know, the future should not have been mortgaged in this way, but it was, by the previous administration. And we will have to grapple with it."
Last summer, in a speech that drew sharp criticism, Mr. de Blasio's predecessor, Michael Bloomberg, argued that the unusual labor situation has created an "unprecedented opportunity" for his successor to demand pension and health-care overhauls. Mr. Bloomberg suggested the lack of contracts was a positive.
"Thankfully, my successor will enter negotiations with enormous leverage, because union leaders will have gone about four years without new contracts—and that has never happened before," Mr. Bloomberg said. "They will not be able to wait another four years for new contracts."


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Survival... • Foods • Medicine • Gear • Shelters • Techniques
Major Surplus and Survival
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There are major surplus and survival gear stores everywhere today. Most are small mom and pop businesses that sometimes buy and sell used and new military clothing and equipment. These stores purchase many of their new items through public and military auctions. Some survival equipment such as collapsible shovels, will perform the same tasks if they were made last year or 40 years ago.
Military ClothingSurplus stores are wonderful places to find durable, military style clothing. Many older military items like World War II wool blankets and sweaters are hard to compare to their modern day equivalents. Older clothing was manufactured for people who, at that time, were smaller in size. Children, women and smaller men often find that historic military clothing fits them better than does new military clothing.
Military WoolWhen purchasing older clothing and blankets test the fabrics for dry rot and holes. Wool that has not been stored properly might have been compromised by moths or other fabric eating bugs. Tugging slightly on the fabric when it is held between your hands will let you know if it is dry rotted.
Military Hardware & ToolsHardware items and tools are the staple at surplus stores. Collapsible cots, liters for carrying injured people, crates and boxes of all sizes can be purchased inexpensively. Using heavy military crates to store survival items in at a retreat location can protect them from animals and exposure. Metal ammunition tins are watertight and will prevent moisture and water from destroying what ever is inside. Survival tools like all in one hatchets, small pry bars and portable stoves may also be less expensive at a military surplus store.
Army-Navy SurplusLocating a major surplus and survival store, often called "Army-Navy Surplus", near you is as easy as checking your phone book. A quick online search using major surplus and survival will also produce quick and abundant results.
Military Medical SurplusOccasionally surplus stores have used medical equipment for sale. Items such as hemostats, tweezers, diagnostic equipment and other items can easily be sterilized and re-used. For people looking for other types of medical equipment some stores carry bed pans, kidney trays and other types of MASH equipment.
Military MREsMREs Meals Ready to Eat are stocked at most major surplus and survival stores. The variety of meals available can range from a wide selection to a limited one depending on the stores budget. Purchasing a case of the same entrée selection reduces the cost per meal but also limits variety.
Military CookingSurplus stores sometimes have solid fuel stoves and metal cooking utensils available. The solid fuel stoves used by the military are very useful when added to your survival bags. Long term survival fuel packs for these small, compact stoves can be purchased at a discount through Nitro Pak
Military Bits & PiecesSmaller survival items like P38 can openers, are available at major surplus and survival stores and can be put on key chains, in survival bags and first aid kits. Waterproof match containers, map cases and mess kits are standard supplies that most surplus stores carry at all times.
Military Restoration & Re-enactmentReplacement parts for antique firearms may be available at surplus stores. While these parts may not restore the weapon to working condition finding the spare parts allows them to be restored for display. Historic re-enactors use major surplus stores to add special touches to their uniforms. Ribbons, medals and historically correct buttons along with spats, hats and belts allow re-enactors to accurately portray soldiers of the past.
Allow 7-10 days for shipping
275 Serving Emergency Food Supply Bucket [BEST VALUE]
The large bucket contains 275 servings of food in fifty-five 5-servings foil packets. This bucket contains:
Survival Homestead hopes that you find helpful this information about Major Surplus and Survival.


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A Quote by Kenneth Smith on philosophy, moderns, values, excellence, worth, culture, fulfillment, purpose, fitness, and justification
Men who have made "life" easier and more bountiful for moderns have done nothing to make life more eminently VALUABLE, fit to be valued. We appreciate our inventors and benefactors but in truth they have done nothing whatsoever to teach us how to make ourselves more excellent, more WORTHY of freedom and life and culture. It is all very well to feed multitudes with self-replicating fishes and loaves; but the question that goes unperceived is, AS WHAT are we helping man to survive? What are we encouraging this consumer to BECOME, to AIM AT, to HUNGER AFTER as the fulfillment of the whole purpose of his living?
Contributed by: Dave


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Students in class. Richmond County must cut about $7.2 million from its already slim budget. (July 28, 2009 WRDW-TV)
On the first day of school, District 51 officials are keeping an eye on numbers.
They say they won't know what enrollment looks like until after this week but are anticipating they will be about where they were last year.
The District says it has already taken steps to address overcrowding.
Two new modulars have been built at Rim Rock Elementary, some boundary shifting has taken place, and more teachers have been hired.


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I am just learning wordpress and need to put my database info into my config.php file and I can not get it to open!! It keeps trying to open in IE and then when I click open it just opens window after window after window. If I chose save it just rewrites itself.
I read that it should be opened in something like notepad but HOW??? I do not have a clue. I have tried everything and it wants to "try" to open in IE, but it won't.
How do I get this open - please tell me?
PS: assume I know nothing when you tell me - as I know NOTHING about wordpress or php and many other web type things I am learning.
PLEASE write out specific details/instructions! :)
PSS: Also I am seeing 2 config.php files 1 correct the other like this confi.php.php - I should erase the second one - right? Not sure how it got in there...... I am sure it is a screw up on my end :(


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Form Factor: Desktop Processor: Intel Core i7-3770 3.4GHz Processor Main Features: 64 bit Quad-Core Processor Cache Per Processor: 8MB L3 Cache Memory: 12GB DDR3 Hard Drive: 2TB 7200RPM + 16GB SSD Optical Drive 1: SuperMulti DVDRW Graphics: AMD Radeon HD 7670 1GB GDDR5. Price: $1,199.99
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JaguiD - Java GUI for DOS and compatible
JaguiD is a Java GUI for DOS. It consists of several sub-projects including a Java Compiler, a Class Runner and a Jar Packager. JaguiD has limited Java support to provide a Graphical User Interface for DOS and compatibles.1 weekly downloads
JavInspector, a Java Class Inspector...1 weekly downloads
Cloud of Witnesses
With an ear mounted Bluetooth Camera and a mobile phone app to store and post the video content to YouTube in real time we can change conditions such that cooperation and respect are the Nash equilibrium.
Free Cell Phone Ring Tones
Do you pay for ring tones on your cellphone? Well the idea here is to make a web based application for all platforms that can be used to upload your own music and convert it from .mp3 format to ring tone format and send it to your phone in a text message


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I have WordPress installed on my site in a WordPress subdirectory. I decided to upgrade it to WordPress 2.0 RC3 yesterday and put a post up about the upgrade.
The post-slug wound up being "wordpress-20-RC3-upgrade" and I noticed that the comments-template would not display. After checking that comments were turned on I putzed around a bit and did some additional posts. The comment template showed up fine. I then did another post called 'WordPress Update' and found that the comments template once again would not display for this post.
I changed the word 'WordPress' in the slugs to 'WP' and everything started working normally.
Just to give you some additional background, I have verbose rewrites on because I was initially having trouble with the redirects that I had installed in my .htaccess file. The only way I could get them to work was to go back to the old rewrite mechanism.
My site is http://www.bieberlabs.com. I have two posts on WordPress where the slug has been changed to 'wp' at the top of the blog. An older post with WordPress IN the slug can be found here: http://www.bieberlabs.com/wordpress/archives/2005/10/04/wordpress-plugin-ultimatetagwarrior/
-- Ron


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9 posts tagged with memory and movie.
Displaying 1 through 9 of 9. Subscribe:
70s Anime ID
Super Hard TV/Movie ID: I am trying to ID an animated film/tv show I saw in the 70s. I recall it having an anime look, like Speed Racer or Star Blazers, but I am reasonably certain it wasn't either of these. [more inside]
Help me find/remember the film I watched for intial few minutes.
I was watching this film on my previous laptop via TV-Tuner card and right then my laptop had crashed. I didn't check channel name and newspaper for the film name at the time, and now I can't remember it. It was at least before May 2010(I was watching the film in college and this when I left college - jic it helps though I am not sure if the film released recently at the time)... It was a train scene in the wilderness. [more inside]
Can you help me identify this indie film from the last half of the 90s?
Can you help me identify this indie film from the last half of the 90s? It was shown repeatedly on either IFC or Sundance in that period. Set in LA, it seems now like a precursor to "mumblecore" films with non-actors poorly recorded with only a bit of a plot. The protagonist was male, shorter, dark-haired, and kind of aggressive in the way he would talk to people; I especially remember he would mostly repeat what other people would say, maybe two or three times, rapidly, with this angry tone. [more inside]
Night Flight RULED!
Help me find this creepy short film from the 80s I saw on Night Flight! [more inside]
Sci-Fi movie title memory-fu failure
Help me remember a dimly remembered childhood sci-fi flick from the '50's or 60's... [more inside]
Dimly remembered creepy movie
I'm trying to remember a movie in which a woman was chained to a wall or ceiling, and an unattractive bald or blond man approached her with a worm-looking growth emerging from his forehead toward her face. What is the movie? [more inside]
Increasing Movie Memory
How do I improve my film/movie memory? [more inside]
The scene that freaked me out 25+ years ago
Disturbing, graphic Western movie/ TV show from childhood... [more inside]
What's a movie like Bourne Identity but with a woman?
I'm trying to identify a movie that has a plot very similar to Bourne Identity but with a woman in the leading role. [more inside]
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How do I pair my Explorer 240 Series headset with my cell phone or other device?
Products Affected: Explorer 240, 242, 243, 245, and 395
First time pairing:
The Explorer 240 Series of headsets feature QuickPair technology, which means that the first time you turn the headset on, it automatically goes into pairing (discoverable) mode. To pair the headset,
Subsequent pairing:
If you need to pair the headset to your phone again - or to another device - you can do so by performing the following:


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An investigation continues after police find a body near a creek.
Police say they found Homer Hall of Floyd County near his home Tuesday afternoon in the Galveston area.
Police say the body was on the other side of the creek.
They're not sure if foul play is involved or not, but right now they're trying to figure out how the man got outside and why.
Neighbors say Homer Hall liked to sit outside on his porch, but Tuesday afternoon, a neighbor says he didn't see hall on the porch, and after looking around, he saw his body across the street by the creek.
"He was taking his daughter up the road on a 4-wheeler ride and seen it and he turned down the road and come back to make sure," David Akers said
Police say Homer hall was naked and lying face down. Detectives say Hall had no obvious signs of injury, but they're investigating the cause of death.
"At this time foul play has not been ruled out of this incidence. We're still looking into that. Autopsies will be conducted by the state medical examiner's office in Frankfort," Trooper Scott Hopkins said.
Hall's friends say they don't think anyone wanted to hurt him, and they believe something else killed him.
"He had problems with his health and stuff like that," Robert Hune said.
Neighbors say they didn't see him leave his house and don't know why he was on the other side of the creek.
They say they too are waiting to find out what happened to him.
Police say it will take several days to get the autopsy report from frankfort and they're not making any conclusions until then.


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Restaurant Photos
"Fried chicken and Champagne? … Why the hell not?!" at Max's Wine Dive
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With winter around the corner, you may want to pay attention to the findings of a new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The results suggest that those who exercise regularly appear to have less frequent and milder colds.
The research team analyzed 1,002 men and women, ranging from ages 18 to 85 over a period of 12 weeks in the fall and winter of 2008. In addition to monitoring their health, the participants reported the types and amount of exercise they did weekly, as well as disclosing other factors, such as dietary patterns and stressful events.
The frequency of colds among those who exercised at least five days a week was up to 46 percent less than those who exercised only one day a week or not at all, HealthDay reports. The number of days with cold symptoms was also shortened – 41 percent lower for those who exercise at least five days a week. The severity of cold symptoms decreased by 41 percent among those who felt the most physically fit, and by 31 percent among those who were the most physically active.
As lead study author David C. Nieman, Director of the Human Performance Laboratory in North Carolina told the Chicago Tribune:
"At least 20 minutes per session, five or more days a week – rises above all other lifestyle factors in lowering sick days during the winter and fall cold seasons."
Even though multiple factors that could potentially affect susceptibility to colds were taken into account, researchers did report a number of limitations to the study. These include lack of controlling all variables that can affect a cold, such as exposure to germs in the workplace or from children in the home.


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Oregon State University is one of only 19 colleges in the United States to receive a five-star ranking for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) inclusion and friendliness.
The Campus Pride LGBT-Friendly Campus Climate Index looks at policies, programs and practices, and ranks colleges from one to five stars, depending on the answers those colleges provide to Campus Pride. The index is used to benchmark LGBT student safety and inclusion on campus.
Oregon State, which is ranked alongside the University of California-Berkeley and Oberlin as one of the most LGBT-friendly campuses, has a long history of student LGBT organizations as well as administrative support. The student organization Rainbow Continuum has its roots in the early 1970s and is the longest continuously running student organization on campus.
This is the third year OSU has received a five-star ranking, according to Steven Leider, coordinator for the Office of LGBT Outreach and Services. The office focuses on retaining LGBT students through education, awareness, resources and support.
"We are very fortunate to have a group of activist students who push to have the campus consider the needs of LGBT students,†Leider said. Many of the programs and offices created to support LGBT students have been student-driven, he added.
The Campus Climate Index makes more than 230 campus climate reports available to the public through www.campusclimateindex.org.
"The rising number of campuses across the nation willing to stand up and speak out for their LGBT students is a testament to the growing recognition that educational environments should be safe and inclusive of all people, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity,†said Shane Windmeyer, Campus Pride executive director and creator of the Campus Climate Index.
Leider said OSU continues to work on improving the climate for LGBT students, faculty and staff. He is looking at how to implement an LGBT mentoring program, modeled on best practices from other universities. Oregon State has a variety of programs, offices and individuals who help support LGBT students, staff and faculty on campus.
•   The Pride Center, established in 2001, like other campus cultural centers, has a covenant with the university that protects its status from ever being revoked.
•   Each June LGBT students can participate in Lavender Graduation, a special celebration held before commencement. Each participating student gets to invite a special guest speaker, whether a faculty member, family member or friend, to speak during the event.
•   A campus Pride celebration takes place each year and includes a variety of events and workshops open to the entire campus. It culminates in an extremely popular drag show.
•   Halsell Hall, one of the newer campus residence halls, has a Gender Inclusive Housing option for students, allowing them to pair up regardless of gender identification.
•   An LGBT faculty and staff network connects the campus community through Yahoo groups.
•   OSU Counseling and Psychological Services offers a once-a-week LGBT drop-in support group on campus during the school year.
Article by: Theresa Hogue, LIFE@OSU – click here for the article.
Oregon State University will be attending the Campus Pride College Fair and Prep Day for LGBT and Ally Students and Families at the Q Center in Portland, OR on Saturday, October 16. Click here for all the details.
More articles around campus:
The Barometer – "Oregon State receives five stars for LGBT inclusiveness"
The Gazette Times – "OSU among nation's top 20 gay-friendliest colleges"
Thanks for reading!


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AUGUSTA — Maine House Speaker Hannah Pingree has named State Rep. Kathy Chase to an influential committee on government finances at the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). The two-year appointment to the Budgets and Revenue Committee, which takes effect immediately, will bring Rep. Chase into contact with state legislators from around the nation to share approaches and solutions to financial problems.
"The NCSL is an outstanding and very effective organization, and I'm honored by this appointment," said Rep. Chase (R-Wells), a second-term legislator. "The Budgets and Revenue Committee provides a forum for legislators to share information. In this era of revenue shortfalls and very tight state budgets, I'm looking forward to discussing financial strategies with legislators from other states."
The NCSL's Budgets and Revenue Committee is one of 11 standing committees. It is responsible for protecting the states' interests in federal decisions regarding fiscal matters, including annual action on the federal budget. It also examines federal and state policies with fiscal implications, including: funding for services and programs; budget processes; tax and revenue systems; legislative oversight; unfunded mandates; and state-local fiscal relations.
Rep. Chase said the NCSL appointment will fit well with her legislative experience. She serves as the ranking Republican on the Legislature's Taxation Committee, which has jurisdiction over the Bureau of Revenue Services; property valuation and assessment; municipal revenue sharing; and taxes.
The NCSL, based in Denver, is a bipartisan organization that serves the legislators and staffs of the nation's 50 states, its commonwealths and territories. It provides research, technical assistance and opportunities for policymakers to exchange ideas on the most pressing state issues. It advocates for the interests of state governments before Congress and federal agencies.
Location, ST | website.com


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Issue No.04 - July/August (2008 vol.23)
pp: 51-57
Vanina Martinez , University of Maryland, College Park
Gerardo I. Simari , University of Maryland, College Park
Amy Sliva , University of Maryland, College Park
V.S. Subrahmanian , University of Maryland, College Park
DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MIS.2008.62
A proposed framework for predicting a group's behavior associates two vectors with that group. The context vector tracks aspects of the environment in which the group functions; the action vector tracks the group's previous actions. Given a set of past behaviors consisting of a pair of these vectors and given a query context vector, the goal is to predict the associated action vector. To achieve this goal, two families of algorithms employ vector similarity. CONVEXk _NN algorithms use k-nearest neighbors in high-dimensional metric spaces; CONVEXMerge algorithms look at linear combinations of distances of the query vector from context vectors. Compared to past prediction algorithms, these algorithms are extremely fast. Moreover, experiments on real-world data sets show that the algorithms are highly accurate, predicting actions with well over 95-percent accuracy.
behavioral modeling, case-based reasoning, predictive reasoning
Vanina Martinez, Gerardo I. Simari, Amy Sliva, V.S. Subrahmanian, "CONVEX: Similarity-Based Algorithms for Forecasting Group Behavior", IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.23, no. 4, pp. 51-57, July/August 2008, doi:10.1109/MIS.2008.62


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Warriors forward David Lee might be done for the season because of a groin injury.
"The doctors called me and said you've got to shut this guy down," Warriors general manager Larry Riley said.
The morning after scoring a game-high 30 points in a loss to Dallas, Lee had an MRI in an attempt to find the source of his pain. Friday's MRI revealed a strained groin and a stress reaction. Team doctors told Lee if he played before his groin were fully healed, he would risk further injury.
"He wanted to play, but I'm not going to let him," Riley said. "But I told him he could hurt that thing even worse. I'm not going to let him play until he can't hurt it anymore."
The Warriors have eight games remaining. The key for Lee is to rest and let his injury heal. He'll be evaluated periodically.
Riley said he'll have no problem holding out Lee for the final two weeks of the season but didn't rule out Lee playing before season's end.
Lee, who traveled with the team to Los Angeles for Saturday's game against the Clippers, had been experiencing pain for the past several weeks. He couldn't run the floor as well as normal, and his lateral movement suffered.
Still, with point guard Stephen Curry out and guard Monta Ellis traded to Milwaukee, Lee assumed the position of offensive facilitator. So far in April, Lee is averaging 23 points, 9.1 rebounds and 3.6 assists in 37.6 minutes.
Taking Lee from the already undersized and undermanned lineup leaves the Warriors especially thin. Center Andris Biedrins and rookies Jeremy Tyler and Mickell Gladness are the only big men available. Center Andrew Bogut, acquired in the March 13 trade that sent Ellis and big man Ekpe Udoh to Milwaukee, is out for the season with a fractured left ankle.
Warriors coach Mark Jackson will give Tyler a look at power forward next to Biedrins. Jackson can also use one of the Warriors' bevy of small forwards, likely Dominic McGuire or Brandon Rush, to take some of Lee's minutes.
One small forward who won't be available is Richard Jefferson. A sore right knee kept him in the Bay Area for an MRI. There is no timetable yet on his return.
"If we can just get through this year without anybody else getting hurt," Riley said. "That's the big issue."


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The Language Exchange specializes in English as a Second Language Training. We have established an excellent reputation both in Canada and abroad in providing hMore
$1 mil. - $5 mil.in Revenue
10 - 20EmployeesContact people at this company
65 St. Clair Avenue EastTorontoOntarioM4T 2Y3Canadaview map
(416) 513-0702(416) 513-0703Fax
Enterprise_Iteration-NT.1579[01] SEIDXWK-35


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Omaha man gets life sentence for actress' murderPatrick Bauldwin, 46, received a life sentence on Nov. 17 for the Feb. 26, 2006 murder of local actress Passinetta Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald was found strangled and savagely beaten in her home at 41st and Lake more than four years ago. Bauldwin, who was once engaged to Fitzgerald, was arrested in June of 2009. Investigators determined that Bauldwin's blood was present on the clothing Fitzgerald was wearing at the time of her death.
posted at 05:49 pm
on Wednesday, November 17th, 2010


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email@example.com wrote:
> FAQ Mod Quotes -- (updated: Sweetmorn, the 67th day of Bureaucracy
> in the YOLD 3171)
And what day would that be? And what is the most Frequently Asked
Question? Why you bother with this crap?
> Sample Mod Quote:
[gratuitous ascii "art" line, deleted]
> You being cordial is like the sun forgetting to set.
> From: A Guy Called Tyketto
Oh, boy. You're quoting Brad Littlejohnson about us. Isn't that
[second gratuitous ascii "art" line, deleted]
> This fortune mod is a collection of quotes either seen on AOLS
> or by AOLS regulars that were deemed so wise, funny, inflammatory
> or any combination of those that they were submitted for inclusion.
"...wise, funny, inflammatory" makes "or any combination of those"
redundant. These simple logical skills are the difference between a
real programmer and a bash programmer, like you.
In any case, please tell us all what is so wise, funny, or
inflammatory about the Littledick quote?
cordially, as always,


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Dundee Home Destroyed by Fire
Published: Saturday, July 5, 2014 at 12:34 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, July 5, 2014 at 11:15 p.m.
DUNDEE | Benny Howell hadn't even been away from his house 10 minutes before a neighbor called him Saturday morning to tell him his house was on fire.
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Howell, 68, was across the street trimming trees when he got the call about 8 a.m.
When he returned to his house at 108 Nancy St. in Dundee it was engulfed in flames.
Three fire departments came to the home, but there was no chance Howell could even go inside to get his car keys to move his car.
"It was too late," said Howell, who had lived in that house since 2005. "Nothing but fire."
Polk County Fire Rescue spokeswoman Mianne Nelson said firefighters arrived at 8:32 a.m. and remained at the scene until 12:40 p.m.
The fire marshal and Red Cross were called, and Nelson said the fire marshal as of Saturday afternoon had not yet determined the cause of the fire.
Howell said he had thousands of dollars worth of tools and equipment in the house for his landscaping business.
"Everything I owned was in that house," Howell said.
Howell said the Red Cross will find him a place to stay for three days and he will soon look for a place to rent. He lives on his own.
"I mostly depend on myself," he said.
Despite losing all of his possessions, Howell said, he knows he's lucky he left the house before having his morning coffee.
"I'll make it," Howell said. "I'm still living. As long as I'm living, I'll get through it. That's the way I look at life. House, cars and things, those are material things. Your life is your life. Thank God I'm still here."
[ Aimee Sachs can be reached at email@example.com or 863-802-7516. Follow her on Twitter @LedgerAimee. ]
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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WWQR > Vol. 18 (2000) > No. 4
Reprints and discusses a broadside published by E. C. Walker in the early 1880s, advertising Leaves of Grass.
Copyright © 2001 Ed Folsom
Recommended Citation
Folsom, Ed. ""The Suppressed Book!": A Previously Unreported Whitman Broadside." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 18 (Spring 2001), 188-189.
Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2153-3695.1656


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enabled and will therefore experience limited functionality.
DON'T BE fooled by the obvious link to the 500 city car; the Fiat 500L is no cutesy little urban barnstormer.
No, forget that entirely. The 500L – L for large – is a bigger, taller, five-seater compact MPV built out of entirely different – and mostly very new – bits from the Italian firm's latest product line. But, in a way, the 500L is actually just like the 500. It's just grown up a bit.
You still get the myriad customisation options, the crazy paint colours – although for some reason there's also a terrible beige – and the cheeky front end styling, but you also get a much higher driving position, infinitely more space around everybody on board and genuine small family car promise.
Fiat's point is that when the 500 gets too small for your needs, you don't need to give up too much fun in favour of a dour but eminently sensible family biff-about. The 500L is designed as the perfect step up for people who know and love the tiny funster that inspired the new car's name.
There are three trim levels in a sort of triangular structure, with two at the bottom sharing a price but very different in nature, and a range-topping option with more trimmings than a post-Lent chicken dinner. Pop Star and Easy are the two cheaper trims, with the former the more stylish and the latter the more comfortable. Then you have Lounge spec, which is rather fancy.
But there's a distinct lack of a 'basic' model. You always get cruise control, for example, and a five-inch touchscreen. Air-con is standard too, so buying a duff model for the sake of price isn't an option. Easy trim does without alloy wheels but it switches them for rear parking sensors and rear electric windows to add to the universally standard front set.
Lounge gets a bundle more technology and luxury, with dual-zone climate control, 1.5 square metres' worth of glass roof and automation for the headlights and wipers. Isofix child seat mounting points are standard on every 500L.
The base of the L is a brand new chassis which is set for big things in the Fiat Chrysler group, including the yet to be launched Fiat 500X soft-roader and a brand new small Jeep, which will expose that brand to an entirely new crowd. It needs to be good then, and fortunately the first impressions are.
With its upgraded 17-inch wheels the Lounge-spec car driven here rides remarkably well, and not much worse than it does on the standard 16-inchers. There's a solidity and a composure about the chassis, but the suspension is for the most part quite supple and the combination makes for a confidence-inspiring, quality feel that hints at the grown-up feeling Fiat is shooting for.
It's also extremely comfortable, with the upholstery choice in the test car emphasising unusually soft seats with perfectly-shaped backs. All-day cruising should be light work.
Not quite so impressive is the new 1.6-litre diesel engine; the most expensive of the five drivetrain options. It's a little noisy and doesn't feel as strong as it should, although the gearing choices for the six-speed manual gearbox are perfect and make for economical cruising. Fiat's excellent 1.3-litre diesel is also available and costs a tempting £1,000 less. That's not-so-coincidentally exactly the same as the 0.9-litre petrol TwinAir two-cylinder turbo, which you'll either love or hate, but if character is important it's a peerless choice. Otherwise, the little diesel will be cheaper to run and wins the day.
The glass roof is a pretty common feature these days but it's very welcome here, helping to flood the cabin with light. Pleasant and useful as that is, it can't overcome the rather chunky twin A-pillar design that could do with slimming down a bit for visibility's sake, but in real world use it's rarely an issue.
There are about 300 different design combinations for the outside of the 500L. Add that to 1,500 mash-ups for the interior and you have a car that's easily mouldable to your personality without it drowning you in an endless sea of choice. What's more, the personalisation options are well judged; learned from years of experience with the 500.
But style is only a part of the appeal. A three-way adjustable boot floor, very usable rear seats and affordable running costs make the 500L a genuinely practical and sensible compact MPV-style family car. The fact that you don't need to leave the fun of the 500 behind really just seals the deal.
Model: Fiat 500L 1.6 MultiJet 105 Lounge, £18,890 on the road (range from £14,990).
Engine: 1.6-litre four-cylinder turbodiesel producing 104bhp and 236lb.ft.
Transmission: Six-speed manual gearbox driving the front wheels.
Performance: Top speed 112mph, 0-62mph in 11.3 seconds.
Fuel economy: 62.8mpg.
CO2 rating: 117g/km.
Motors.co.uk value verdict:
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About Shortlist


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Farewell Show Reviews and Photos
D.O.A. had 2 fantastic nights at The Rickshaw Theatre with some great opening acts and incredible guest appearances. Several people have written articles about the shows and farewell tour as well as taken photos of D.O.A. and the supporting acts.
Some of the articles and photos are:
Allan MacInnis has written an article for The Straight - Click Here
An article printed in Exclaim! Magazine by Alan Ranta can be found here: Click Here
Jamie Taylor has posted some beautiful photos on Concertaddicts.com - Click Here
Shawn Connor wrote an article for Inside Vancouver: Click Here
Mark Svensson posted a video of "I Hate You" on YouTube: Click Here
Stuart Derdeyn wrote an article for The Province: Click Here
We hope that everyone had a great time at the Vancouver shows and we hope to see you at some point on this final tour.
Thanks to everyone for the great press!


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Solutions for Chapter 11
The planning phase is very important in the critical part method as it is the beginning of the project and this planning phase contains elements like
1. Collecting the materials needed for the work so that the project can be completed in time.
2. Placing the order for these particular materials so that it is delivered at the start of the project.
3. A graphical representation for this information is made in the form of a network.
The planning need not be done step by step in real practice all the steps can be done at the same time parallel.


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High-Quality Early Education & Other School Reforms Cannot Wait
One in four young people in America does not graduate from high school on time. Even among our nation's high school graduates, nearly one in four seeking to enlist cannot join the Army because of low scores on the military's basic exam for math, literacy and problem-solving. Investing wisely now in education reform – especially improvements in early education – is a necessary investment in our national security


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Nobody really knows the origin of the tres leches cake. Some say the cake originated in Nicaragua, others will tell you El Salvador, and still others insist that it came from Mexico. Really the only thing that everyone does agree on is that this cake is definitely from Latin America. Pastel tres leches, as it is known down south, is eaten frequently in El Salvador and is often served at fancy occasions such as bodas (weddings), quinceaneras (sweet 15 birthday parties for girls), and other holidays.
In my recipe, I keep the egg number to five to give the cake just enough fluff, but not too much, and I add milk to give the cake a more flavorful and creamy taste. I have seen people use crema or heavy cream instead of milk. This will make the cake more moist but you want to be careful about making it too moist because the cake will not absorb the milk mixture properly if it is already very saturated.
- Grease a 9x13 inch glass baking pan.
- Whip egg whites until stiff.**See note at bottom.
- Add 1/4 cup sugar to egg whites little-by-little and beat again until stiff
- Combine milk and vanilla extract in new bowl .
- In another separate bowl, beat egg yolks with the remaining 3/4 cup of sugar.
- Sift together the flour and baking powder.
- Add flour mix to milk mix alternately into the egg yolk mixture.
- Gently fold in egg whites and don't over stir.
- Cook at 350 for 25-30 minutes, or until baked all the way through but lightly golden on top.
- Once cake has cooled, punch holes into mixture using a fork.
- Combine the three milks and pour over top of cake.
- Place a metal bowl in freezer for five minutes (this aids in the whipping process).
- Remove bowl and pour in heavy cream.
- Whip cream and slowly add sugar little by little once cream has become stiff.**See note at bottom.
- Cover the cake with the whipped cream and place cake in fridge to chill for at least 1 hour before serving.
I always whip my eggs whites first because if there is any trace of fat on the mixers or in the bowl when you begin, they will not stiffen. By doing this step first, you ensure that everything is clean and that there is no leftover fat residue on anything.