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Sens. Ted Cruz and Jack Reed Discuss U.S. Foreign Policy: Transcript
Sen. Ted Cruz: Putin Attempting to Reassemble USSR
At Capital Journal's launch event Wednesday, Strobe Talbott, president of the Brookings Institution, and Sens. Ted Cruz (R., Texas) and Jack Reed (D., R.I.) joined Washington Bureau Chief Jerry Seib for a discussion on U.S. foreign policy and Americans' growing anti-interventionist stance, which was reflected in the latest Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll.
Here's the transcript of the discussion:
JERRY SEIB: As I mentioned, the U.S. Senate, doing what the U.S. Senate does, has seen to it that the Senators Reed and Cruz, who were going to be here to talk foreign policy, have not made it – may or may not make it, but we are in fact very lucky. And I want to thank – and I hope everybody here will thank – Strobe Talbott, president of Brookings Institution, former deputy secretary of state, who's agreed to come in and have a conversation about Russia and Ukraine. So, Strobe Talbott, thank you very much for coming. I appreciate it.
As you all know, Strobe has spent most of his life thinking about Russia, thinking about Eastern Europe, thinking about some of the issues that have now gone from back burner to front burner again. And your first job, I think at the – at the State Department, was as ambassador-at-large and special advisor to the secretary of state for the new, independent states of the former Soviet Union, which seems like a long time ago.
STROBE TALBOTT: It's the longest title in the government –
MR. SEIB: Yeah, exactly.
MR. TALBOTT: – and inversely proportional to the importance. (Laughter.)
MR. SEIB: But you – but you moved up from there.
So here we are in Ukraine. I wanted to start by asking you the question that I've been asking various people around town for the last week: What would you do now about Ukraine?
MR. TALBOTT: Pretty much what the Obama administration and some key Europeans are trying to do, with one important addition that I'll mention. I think that the – the impression that Putin holds the high cards is absolutely right, in the short run. In the long run – and we may have – we may have time to talk about this – I think what he is doing is catastrophic for Russia. But that's not very apparent and it's not very immediate right now. There's really nothing that can be done in the Eastern Ukraine, including by – according to the interim president of Ukraine – in the eastern part of the country to keep Russia from basically consummating an invasion and a takeover of Eastern Ukraine. That's essentially what's happening.
What we, the West, can do is to have an enforceable set of sanctions and a ladder to take them on, so that if this episode leads to another – Transnistria and Moldova as the next likely candidate for a squeeze play or a land grab – that we can keep together as the trans-Atlantic community. And that's going to be hard in itself, because I think, as everybody in this room knows, there is a lot of nervousness and just-below-the-surface opposition in the American private sector to sectoral sanctions in particular, and there's even more in Europe, for all kinds of reasons.
MR. SEIB: Would you go – I'm sorry.
MR. TALBOTT: But I would say that – two other things. One, I would hope that in the days to come the leadership of NATO – and there's no question what country leads NATO – would do more in the way of reinforcing both a new doctrine – which elevates containment from what it was back in the 1990s when it was merely a hedge in case Russia one of these days "broke bad," which it's now done, and also with some deployments, and particularly in the Baltic States.
The Baltic States would be, right now, either vulnerable or experiencing the same thing that Eastern Ukraine is if it weren't for being in NATO. And I would not rule out the possibility that Putin being reckless – which I think is something we have to recognize about him and something that his KGB superiors recognized in him and that's one reason why he never rose above the level of a lieutenant colonel – he might recklessly test NATO in the – in the Baltic States, and I think anticipating that and deterring that with tripwires is essential.
The last thing is, I would hope that the president would see this as a bully pulpit moment. Your paper carried a poll today that shows that a lot of Americans basically share the reticence about an activist (force ?) for foreign policy, which the president himself seems to have to some degree. And I can't believe that he doesn't understand the importance of this issue, and I think that he ought to be out there as the explainer chief of what's at stake.
MR. SEIB: On the sanctions question, would you go to sectoral sanctions – sanctions against the entire energy sector or the financial sector or the defense sector if the Europeans didn't go (along ?)?
MR. TALBOTT: No. Absolutely not. I think – because that would be an invitation to a double disaster. One is that we don't have enough clout – we're not invested in Russia anywhere near as much as the Europeans are. And second, it could cause a split in the – in the alliance, which would be a net huge gain for Putin.
I mean, just to take one example, let's say we go after the high-tech sector or something like that. The numbers I'm about to use are – I'm sure that a number of you here in the room know what the correct numbers are, but the Russians have orders for about 100 Boeing planes on purchase and something like 100 on lease. And they could just tear up those contracts. That would be bad enough. There would be a lot of jobs, jobs, jobs talk – valid – here in this country. Executives of Caterpillar have been going around for several weeks reminding people, kind of sotto voce, that it took 20 years for Caterpillar to recover from the Afghanistan sanctions. So we have that. And then, if we're split with the Europeans, worst case, Airbus comes in, and that's a big loser. So we have to stay together on that.
MR. SEIB: I did an interview with Secretary of State Kerry a couple of days ago, and he very much described the crisis as not a Russian – not a crisis borne of a Russian move towards Ukraine, but of a crisis by Vladimir Putin's move to Ukraine. He very much described this as a personal drive by the president of Russia as opposed to something that was broader. Do you agree with that, or is this – is he reflecting something much broader in the Russian body politic?
MR. TALBOTT: Well, obviously, Putin's popularity has shot from the 40s up into the 80s; there is a lot of emotional pleasure and gratification on the part of many Russians who feel that they haven't been getting the respect and that they are – you know, they'd gone from being a superpower to not, and so forth and so on. But I totally agree with Secretary Kerry that this is – it's not a singularity. It's not just one guy, but keep in mind that Putin is the most powerful Kremlin leader since Stalin. He's nowhere near as powerful as Stalin, because when Stalin – Stalin had a politburo, but if anybody crossed him on the politburo, I think we all know – remember what happened to that poor comrade.
But from Khrushchev on, the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had to report to a committee, and the committee could fire them, as they did with Nikita Khrushchev. And among the hairbrained schemes that they fired him for – the main one was the Cuban Missile Crisis – recklessness – but the other, of course, was giving away Crimea as a birthday present to Ukraine.
Yeltsin – Gorbachev was constrained in all kinds of ways, including that his – the country he ruled was coming down around him, and Yeltsin was constrained. Putin is very powerful. And Putin is who he is. He is a KGB lieutenant colonel who is – personifies a mindset that has been irreparably offended by everything that has happened in the last 25 years.
And what has happened in the last 25 years under the last leader of the Soviet Union – Gorbachev – and the first leader of post-Soviet Russia was that that country, in two incarnations, realized that it had a system that wasn't working, and that not only did they have to change the system in basic ways, which involved less use of force, less use of the big lie – and we've been hearing a lot of the big lie out of Moscow today – but also, Russia had to get with the program of the late 20th century and the early 21st century, and that meant being part of the – a globalized world.
The word "partnership" was introduced into the vocabulary of U.S.-Russian relations by Gorbachev back in 1988. Yeltsin carried on the concept of partnership. It actually continued into the first two terms of Putin's presidency but not with a lot of enthusiasm. Just to finish, Putin came back to power in his third presidency with a program, I think, of cutting that off and going back to a whole new model for Russia's role in the world, and that was a model built around a Eurasian community that would be counter to the European community.
MR. SEIB: Well, that actually goes directly to the question I was going to ask you, which is does he have a plan or is he making this up as he goes?
MR. TALBOTT: I think he's making it up as he – as he goes along. I mean, if you take – the one big – one reason that Russia is not the Soviet Union is of course that it's not – it doesn't have a communist ideology. Putin has an ideology. And he's had it for a while but it came out starkly in the speech that he gave to the parliament, the Duma, to justify, indeed to celebrate, the annexation of Crimea. And it's great Russian nationalism or great Russian chauvinism.
And that means "Russian" not in the sense of citizens of Russia. It means people who are ethnic Russians who, when they take their shirts off, as he likes to do, he's got an Orthodox cross hanging around his neck, and so forth and so on. That's really dangerous for the future of Russia. Russia is the – territorially the largest state on the planet. And of course it's expanded for the first time since 1945, with Crimea. Only 20 percent of the Russian population is non-Slavic or non-Russian, but that 20 percent has very high birth rates and they're living longer, whereas the Russians have negative birth rates. And I just turned 68. If I were the average Russian I would have been dead three years ago.
So this is a demographic time bomb. And while it's only 20 percent of the population, they occupy roughly about a third of the land mass of Russia. And if Putin wants to live by the sword, he can die by the sword, which means that the Putin precedent, the Putin doctrine that he promulgated, which is: I have the right and obligation to protect my fellow citizens and compatriots – even though, by the way, they happen to be citizens of another country, an independent country – I can go in and conquer territory to protect them.
There are some wild and crazy guys in places like Baluchistan and Pakistan and Afghanistan who have already proclaimed a Caucasus caliphate, which would subsume Chechnya – which we know a lot about – Ingushetia, Dagestan, which are all regions of Russia. So you could see a Russia that – the long and short: The annexation of Crimea could be kind of a death knell for the Russian Federation and its current borders.
MR. SEIB: There is also the question of how big an economic catastrophe it could be, but there's also a corollary to that question, at least in my mind, which is does Vladimir Putin care if it's an economic catastrophe or is this a higher-order priority for him?
MR. TALBOTT: Well, you know, Jerry, as probably pretty much everybody in this room, we've been trying to kind of read his mind on what is really behind this. I have a guess, and it's only that, which is by no means a comprehensive explanation for why he's doing this, but it certainly would be in keeping with Russian history and indeed other dictatorships over the years. I think that he had at least subliminally, and maybe very consciously, had come to the realization that there is no way his legacy was going to be the modernization of Russia.
He likes to compare himself to his fellow St. Petersburg guy, Peter the Great, who was the great Westernizer and modernizer. And so but now he's done a U-turn and he's basically casting himself as the heir to Catherine the Great, who was the great expander of Russia. And I think one reason he did that is because his popularity was going down, no chance of modernizing the economy, and so he said, OK, let's do what has always worked in the past, which is to create enemies abroad and at home, and let's not forget that the aggression outside of Russia's borders is, as has always been the case in the past, accompanied with a great increase in repression inside.
So it all comes back to the – it's the "it's the economy, stupid," or in the case of Russia, it's a stupid economy. That's what – that's – and that – it was that realization that got this young, vibrant, ambitious leader, last leader of the Soviet Union, to decide that he was going to do perestroika, he was going to do glasnost, he was – and he was going to make peace with the West so that they could get – they could make it into the 21st century as a modern country, which they haven't been able to do.
MR. SEIB: What's the best hope for Ukraine? I mean, Zbigniew Brzezinski talks about it becoming another Finland, a truly independent state in the center of Europe that has vibrant, strong economic and commercial relations with Russia, but that becomes more European in character over time.
MR. TALBOTT: Well, Ukrainians and the Finns both hate that. And Henry Kissinger has used the same thing: "Finlandization." First, it depends on what we mean by "Ukraine." It's quite possible that, either de jure or de facto, what's going on in the Eastern Ukraine right now could basically hide that part of Ukraine off and it would be part of – part of the Russian Federation.
The West, however – and this is one of the things I don't understand about Putin's game plan here. He has – he is driving everybody, not just the Ukrainians but all – you know, there's something like 14 countries along Russia's border, and all of them – with the exception maybe of China, which doesn't have a whole lot to worry about in this regard – is both terrified and infuriated by what he's doing. So the Western Ukraine is going to just leap into the – it's already doing it – leap into the lap of the West.
Now, if we get – if the Geneva – the Geneva agreement, such as it was – the framework agreement that Putin basically tore up and spat on the day after it was signed – were to be revived in some way, there would be an issue of whether Ukraine is going to adopt a federal state. I happen to think that would be a very good thing for Ukraine to do, because one of the problems here is that Ukraine has been under lousy governance from the day it became an independent state, which was the day after Christmas in 1991 – one bad leader after another, one leader who might have – might have been a good leader if he didn't have a messiah complex and the KGB didn't try to poison him to death.
And over-centralization of power in Ukraine is one reason that it is so fragile. So sensible federalism, sort of like what we have, more or less –
MR. SEIB: More sensible on some days than others.
MR. TALBOTT: – right, right – would work, but the Russians are calling for a kind of federalism that would give the regions – which means the eastern regions – the unilateral right to secede; that is, to do what – to have a phony vote under Russian pressure to secede, and also would give the regions – get this; imagine if the states had – our states had this – a veto over any major piece of legislation passed by the – and what they have in mind there of course is if the Kief government were to decide somewhere down the road – we haven't talked much about NATO and Ukraine – Ukraine decided it did want to join NATO, then the eastern regions could use that both to veto and to secede at the same time.
MR. SEIB: Well, you know, you lived through this debate about whether Ukraine should have been granted NATO membership. It's never really been totally resolved. Would that have changed anything?
MR. TALBOTT: Well, let me – let me be pretty precise about what the position in the '90s was with regard to Ukraine as a potential member of NATO, and every other republic or former republic of the USSR. The door was open. At no point did anybody in an authoritative position in the – in the Clinton administration, or the Bush administration after that, which consummated the process or advanced the process of expanding – we never said that any country was not allowed, which is what I think Henry Kissinger is saying we should do now. We should – we'll rule it out forever. That never happened.
The way to – the way to handle it now is the way that the interim government is handling it. They're saying the issue is not on the table. The polls in Ukraine are not in favor of joining NATO. There's no way NATO would take Ukraine right now, among other things because there's disputed territory in Ukraine. You can't bring in a country that has disputed territory, but the door has to be left open.
MR. SEIB: I wanted to open this up to questions from you all. While we – yeah, there's the mic there and mic there. Just a quick one while we wait that I wanted to ask: As we go through this process of escalating tensions, is it reasonable to think, from the American point of view, that the Russians will segregate issues like Syria and Iran and continue to be cooperative with us?
MR. TALBOTT: So far, yes. I don't think we ought to publicize it a lot because it might – that might queer the deal, if there is a deal, but my sense is that the Iran negotiations are going pretty well, and that's for a pretty basic reason. That's because Russia has a strong interest in Iran not having a nuclear weapon. But the boss, the guy – and I wanted to – at some point would like to make another comment on Putin – is in a spoiler mood. He is really mad and he is just looking for every way he can make us look – and if what is in prospect, say a nuclear deal with Iran, would count as a big victory for American diplomacy, he might – he might queer that deal at the end of the day, but that's not happening now.
MR. SEIB: And it's not happening now because –
MR. TALBOTT: I think because it's not getting a whole lot of attention, at least not the Russian piece of it, and because the Russians don't want Iran to have a nuclear weapon.
MR. SEIB: But they'll always not want the Iranians to have a nuclear weapon, right?
MR. TALBOTT: Right, and Putin should do everything for the good of Russia. I mean, Tehran is a whole lot closer to Moscow than it is to Washington. And by the way, it's – the last time I checked it's a radically Islamic regime.
Look, this is – this is how – this is now crazy it is to think of Putin as a strategist. If any one of you were the top person in the Russian Federation, you would get up in the morning and you'd look at a great, big map – which is what geopolitics is all about – and say, where is my country, Russia, facing a threat from? And the last place that, if you were sensible, you would say is the West. You know, the Poles are going to invade us? The Finns are going to invade us? The Romanians are going to invade us? No, the threat comes from the south in the form of Islamic extremism, which is already a big problem in Russia, and from the east.
And there is classic geopolitics. You've got the largest country in the – in the world cheek by jowl with the most populous country. The largest country, Russia, is people-poor and resource-rich, and China is of course people-rich and resource-poor. That is a perfect recipe for big trouble down the road.
MR. SEIB: David?
Q: What about Germany? What would you tell Angela Merkel if you were working for the president now?
MR. TALBOTT: Well, you know what? I'd tell Angela Merkel, good luck and keep doing what you're doing. I think we're – the West has got a few things it can be – it can be fairly sanguine about, including that in the long run we have – we have all the high cards. It's just in the near term that we don't. We are very lucky to have her in the chancellorship of Germany right now. This is somebody who grew up in the GDR, in East Germany. Her Russian is better than Putin's German. And she gets it. And she has used her conversations with Putin, I would say, more effectively than anybody else has used his or her conversations with Putin.
Her problem is her political class and particularly her private sector. I mean, this – the scene of her predecessor in the chancellery exchanging bear hugs at his 70th birthday party in Petersburg says a lot. The fact that the CEO of Siemens went over there a couple of days afterwards – while President Obama was speaking about how terrible this was, the Siemens guy was over there, said Siemens has been in Russia for 162 years and we'll be here –
(Cross talk.)
MR. SEIB: We're not going anywhere.
MR. TALBOTT: And this will pass.
MR. SEIB: Yeah, exactly.
Q: Well, I'm delighted that we can give this audience a chance to see the kind of high-class conversation that we have at Brookings every day. (Laughter.)
MR. TALBOTT: And I know I'm in big trouble when he gets to a question. (Laughter.)
Q: Actually, no, this is the "soft Bill," Strobe, you'll be happy to hear.
You said something very interesting about the bully pulpit a few minutes ago, and your hope that president would use it – would seize this moment to begin to educate the American people about what's going on, what the stakes are and what we need to be prepared for. If you were crafting that speech for President Obama, what are the main points around which you'd structure that speech?
MR. TALBOTT: Well, and I would – if he were – if he were listening to me, he wouldn't regard this as anything he hasn't thought of himself.
MR. SEIB: I'm quite sure he's listening, because he's on WSJ.com constantly, so – (laughter) – fire away.
MR. TALBOTT: The stakes go far, far beyond the mauling of Ukraine. They basically have changed one of the fundamental rules whereby we as the international community – and that means, with some, you know, very marginal exceptions, almost all 195 countries on the planet had been living by, and the most important rule that he has broken and flouted and is congratulating himself for flouting is that it is OK to use, let's call it, ethnic geopolitics as an excuse to commit aggression against another country. This has got a fancy – I think it's an Italian name – irredentism, going back to the 19th century, and using ethnicity as the basis not just for statehood but for wars in order to expand states was probably the single greatest cause of wars in the 19th century, and certainly, in the first half of the 20th century. And it absolutely appropriate to remember the Anschluss and the Sudetenland in this context, and we shouldn't tiptoe around that, and boy does Angela Merkel remember that, and I hope all of her countrymen do as well.
Then there's – so there's a precedent that he has created that not only could play back against Russia, but could play back elsewhere. It's, I think, quite significant that virtually all of the anti-EU parties that are likely to do very well in Europe in the European Parliament elections, coming up also on the 25th of May, have applauded what Putin did in Ukraine. They approve of his being a champion of ethnicity as the basis for statehood. And that's really bad.
Now, another thing that's really bad has to do with the value of Russia. Russia is a really important country in terms of its trade, its carbon emissions and, of course, the role that it can play as it – as it is going to continue to play as a member of the G-20. That's the closest thing we have to a kind of informal board of directors of the world. And with Russia in this sullen, angry, divisive, lying mood right now, that is going to make the whole enterprise of getting – you know, having decent global governance much, much harder for as long as it lasts.
Now, if I could just say one thing about Putin, there is a line in the – kind of, the commentary about this, including from people that I really respect, like Anne Applebaum that I strongly disagree with. A number of folks have come out and said, we are seeing in Putinism the real Russia – this is the real Russia. I just don't buy that. This is a factoid of – the best decision that Yeltsin ever made was to keep the borders of the old Soviet Union – the inner republic borders as international borders, which spared the USSR, when it broke up, the horrors that befell Yugoslavia. That was the best decision he ever made.
The worst decision he ever made is what everybody knows is a very important part of management, and that's management succession – picking Putin, who was – who was plucked out of obscurity, where he probably belonged. And why did he get the job? For a totally trivial reason – that he would protect the Yeltsin family when Yeltsin left the Kremlin. And now we're stuck with him. And I don't think it'll last forever, because Russia is not the Soviet Union. Russian youth is much more globalized; they will get over this, we will get over this, but it's going to be a rough ride in the meantime.
MR. SEIB: I believe Senators Cruz and Reed are here. Am I right – (inaudible) –
MR. TALBOTT: Well, I'm definitely out of here. (Laughter.)
MR. SEIB: I can't thank you enough for – and that was fascinating. I really appreciate it very much.
MR. TALBOTT: OK. Thank you.
MR. SEIB: I appreciate it very much. (Applause.)
Sens. Reed and Cruz now come to the stage for a conversation on foreign policy with Mr. Seib.
MR. SEIB: Obviously, the place to start in any foreign policy discussion today is Ukraine. And let me ask you – each of you the question that I just asked Strobe Talbott to start with, which is you're president; what would you do today on Ukraine? Jack, I'll start with you, and then – and then Ted.
SEN. JACK REED (D., R.I.): Well, I think you have to do multiple things. First, you have to send a strong signal to the Russians that this is completely unacceptable and that this is not something we can ignore. Second, you have to bring an international coalition, particularly the European Union, and the key actor there is Germany in terms of the economic clout involved with the presence on the Continent. I think we also have to actively support the Ukrainian government, not only financially, but also institutionally, in terms of developing their capabilities. We have to be prepared for a long, long process.
And I think we also have to recognize that – and communicate to the Russians that there are significant costs to them to instability in the Ukraine, on their border. There is cost to them in terms of going forward with this path, and particularly dire costs if this escalates beyond the present situation. So all those things together, constant pressure, and finally, a long-term strategic plan to unite not only the United States, but the international community, in a way in which the vulnerabilities of Europe, particularly energy vulnerabilities, can't be exploited by the Russians. And that's a multiyear task, but we have to begin now.
MR. SEIB: I want to go back to that in a second, but Senator Cruz?
SEN. TED CRUZ (R., Texas): Well, I think we need to do two things. We need to, number one, reassure our allies. And number two, we need to systematically increase the costs to Russia of future military aggression. Now, rewinding to two months ago, I think we should have started by speaking out far more unequivocally in support of freedom in Ukraine. When protesters were standing in the streets in the blistering cold, bloodied and beaten and standing against Russian oppression, and to stand with the West, with Europe and with America, I think we should have seen far more leadership in terms of vocally supporting the Ukrainians' desire to be free.
Now, today I think we should be doing several things. Number one, I think we should immediately go forward to installing the anti-ballistic-missile batteries in Eastern Europe, in the Czech Republic and Poland, that were scheduled to go in in 2009 and that the administration canceled in what they believed was an effort to appease Russia. I think that appeasement hasn't worked, and our allies are expressing considerable nervousness at the expansiveness of the Russian bear.
But secondly, I think there's a great deal we can do to stand with the people of Ukraine. And something Jack mentioned underscores possibilities. Number one, I think we ought to move forward with a free trade agreement with Ukraine so that we can sell our goods and services there; they can sell their goods and services here. But in addition, we should work with Ukraine to install the facilities to accept liquid natural gas. And there are some 22 applications pending in the Obama administration to export LNG. In my view, the administration should approve all 22 of them, should approve them, should allow those to go forward.
And what that would do – and it would take some time. That doesn't happen instantaneously. But what it would do is three things. Number one, as we begin to export liquid natural gas and Ukraine develops the facilities to accept them, it starts to free Ukraine from dependency on Russian energy and Russian natural gas, which Russia uses as economic blackmail, both as a carrot and a stick.
Number two, it would impose meaningful costs on Putin that are qualitatively different. In many ways, Putin is effectively a petrotyrant with his aggression funded by energy. But number three, it would generate jobs and economic growth here at home. I think it would be the most effective thing we could do.
MR. SEIB: You also mentioned energy, which I think is interesting. You know, and Senator McCain famously referred to Russia a couple weeks ago as a gas station masquerading as a country. And the point was it's got to – the stranglehold it has on both Ukraine and Europe is dependence on natural gas in particular. Is – I think Senator Cruz is suggesting we can do something about it. Can we do something about that in the short run? And if we can't do much in the short run, is it a wakeup call to do something more in the long run?
SEN. REED: It's definitely a call to begin today not waiting for a strategic plan that may take several years to evolve in terms of lessening Europe's dependency on natural gas. It'll send a strong economic signal, a strong political signal to Russia. It's something I think we can do. I think as Ted suggests it's not going to be done overnight. I think we have to be – you know, we have to be deliberate. But getting that kind of cohesive, not just the United States, but the European Community and others, on the same sort of page with respect to long-term energy will I think send a message and a powerful message, I hope, to Russia.
MR. SEIB: You're both on the Armed Services Committee, and I want to ask two questions before I open it up to questions from you all. And it's – these are the two questions. First of all, is there a role for NATO right now in this crisis that is beyond what we've seen so far? And secondly, have we learned something in the last few weeks or months about Russia that ought to change the arc of defense spending that everybody has been working on previously? I'll start with you.
SEN. CRUZ: Well, let me start with the second question first, which is I think what has played out in recent months has underscored the foolishness of degrading our military capacity and continuing to downsize our military. I think the world is only becoming a more dangerous place.
And Putin, in my view, is not a complicated world leader. He has been very candid that he views the demise of the Soviet Union as the greatest geopolitical disaster of modern times. And in my view, he is consistently pressing to reassemble as much of that former Soviet Union as possible. And his response to weakness is to press and press and press until he finds meaningful resistance.
Now, no one, no reasonable person wants to see direct military conflict with Russia. Two massive armies with massive nuclear stockpiles, no one is interested in that. But as we talked about a minute ago, there are a host of steps we can do that provide meaningful resistance that escalate the costs to discourage future aggressiveness.
And at this time, the idea of downgrading our military – you know, we had couple of Armed Service Committee hearings recently, one in particular Secretary Hagel testified, that I asked questions about, for example, Pentagon's $7 billion alternative fuel budget. The Navy spent roughly $160 million on algae fuel. Now, that same expenditure had they used conventional fuel would have cost about $40 million, so that means that was roughly $120 million above what it would cost to use conventional fuel. And Secretary Hagel agreed in questioning that that expenditure – likewise, the Air Force had built a wind farm in Alaska and spent several million dollars on that. Unfortunately, it was an area where the wind doesn't blow, and they discovered that after they built it, that the wind farm is not – is now being dismantled. And Secretary Hagel agreed that those expenditures could be characterized as, quote, luxuries. And what I urged the secretary then was, well, it seems to be, then, in an era of scarce resources, it makes sense to start with the luxuries rather than eliminating soldiers and Marines and eliminating our ability to project force and to defend our vital national security.
MR. SEIB: And on the NATO question?
SEN. CRUZ: You know, on the NATO question, there is no doubt NATO right now is having a crisis in terms of its ability to prevent Russian aggression. And that is making our allies deeply uncertain of the degree to which the United States will stand with that. That, I think, has a destabilizing impact on NATO as a whole. It's why I think stepping forward with something, like installing the antiballistic missile batteries in Eastern Europe would be a positive step in terms of reassuring NATO.
I would note also that moving to export LNG would help much of Europe. It's not just Ukraine that's dependent on Russian energy. And if you look at Europe, and for that matter you see significant portions of Europe that have shale deposits, that have the ability to generate – to develop their own natural gas, but their domestic laws have banned fracking, so they're not developing their own resources. And I think freeing Europe from Russia's energy dominance would beneficial for NATO as well.
MR. SEIB: I'm going to ask you – you spent a fair amount of your adult life in the U.S. military. You've thought about NATO questions. What can be done now, if anything, that would be on the one hand useful and on the other hand not overly provocative?
SEN. REED: Well I think what's been done already – the dispatch of fighter aircraft into our NATO allies close to Russia, even the dispatch of small units of American paratroopers from the 173rd has spent a signal that the alliance not only has military options but we have the right to use these troops to where they should be, to protect or members – the members of NATO. I think we have to reinvigorate our plans in terms of the ability to have effective forces for deterrence. That's our goal and that's why – the success of NATO all these years has been because of its deterrence.
I think another factor too is that we have budget issues, but we also have allies in NATO that can do a lot more in terms of their spending. And I think this might be one of those come to – come to the budget meetings where they start putting more resources on the table, recognizing that this is – there are real threats and they have to be prepared for deterrence. And I think there's a – there's another aspect here too of this whole issue of sort of how do you deal with the Russians is looking at what they did.
First of all, one of the motivating factors was the fact – the sense that they had that Ukraine was slipping away, was moving into the EU. And they had to stop it. And that, in a sense, is a positive development, the fact that a vast majority of Ukrainians wanted to be allied with the West, not with Russia.
The second, in terms of the operational capacity, they have operational advantage because of proximity. And also, they chose an asymmetric approach. It wasn't a conventional – they – a conventional sort of confrontation with NATO, I don't think they would want that. They use unconventional means – KGB agents in disguise, local toughs, et cetera, et cetera – propaganda. We have to, I think, begin to look at that threat. I don't think that has been so much in the repertoire of what NATO was prepared to do. But now, having seen what was done, we have to be prepared for the asymmetric.
MR. SEIB: I'd like to open this up to questions from you all. While I wait for somebody to come up, let me – let me ask quickly one other – one related question that I've been thinking about, which is: We have a poll in the Journal today that seems to reflect a desire of the American public to retrench a little bit, to pull back from the world. Is that the sentiment that you see, that you see? And is it understandable? Is it dangerous?
SEN. CRUZ: I think there is certainly a war weariness among the American public after over a decade at war, after seeing our sons and daughters giving their lives in wars abroad. I think people are far more reluctant to engage in military conflict, particularly when there is no clear national security interest. I think that there is a big difference between not wanting us to play the role of the world's policeman and not wanting us to send in our military to try to produce Democratic utopias in distant lands – neither of which are tasks for which the military is particularly well-suited nor is it, I think, their job.
I think there's a big difference between that and believing that America should not be an outspoken voice for freedom. For example, I think we should be far more outspoken supporting what's going on in Venezuela right now. We're seeing rebels and students standing up for freedom and Maduro's using Cuban thugs to torture and murder the rebels. And unfortunately, the administration is being all but silent on this. And I think there is a voice for freedom that the American people understand and respect, the power of the United States leadership in the world in addition to that.
I think it is a mistake to confuse war-weariness with an unwillingness of the American people to defend our national security interests. So for example, if you look at the willingness of the American people to act, and to act if necessarily (sic) militarily, to prevent the nation of Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons capability, you see considerable support among the American people for protecting our national security, not for invading a nation and staying there for decades, but for acting to defend ourselves against clear and present dangers. I don't think the American people have retreated from a willingness to defend our nation.
MR. SEIB: Senator Reid, is it isolationism? Is it war-weariness? Is it something else?
SEN. REED: I think there are three factors that influence, both intellectually and emotionally, the American people, and polls reflect both thought and feeling. One is after 9/11, people understand that we can be hit. There's not the sense that existed before, this action was sort of removed from us. As a result, they're quite willing, and in fact would insist that we take any action anywhere to pre-empt an attack upon us.
The second is after Iraq, no boots on the ground. That has an effect in terms of playing out military scenarios, every military scenario that you can think of. You can take some steps, you can move things around, but if you don't think it all the way through, then you're not doing a service to the troops that have to carry out the mission.
And the final issue is the economy. I think they feel very vulnerable economically. They wonder why these resources are being spent in ways that are not directly contributing to their progress, not just getting a job, but being paid an adequate amount for the job. And when you put those factors together, you come up with what was reflected, I think, in your poll today.
I don't think it's a return to isolationism because no one believes we're secure behind two vast oceans. I think what it is, is that these factors are – have been internalized by the American public, and they're at a much different place than they were 10 years ago. And leadership, political leadership, has to recognize that and still make critical decisions to protect the long-term interests of the United States and do things that might not be immediately popular, but are necessary.
MR. SEIB: Let me ask one final question, and maybe the conversation can continue over a drink out there. But one of the elements of foreign policy, one of the tools in the foreign policy kit bag is free trade. You've got a – you're from a party where there's some resistance to free trade. There's a lot of the tea party movement that's not wild about it. You, coming from a party where there's a progressive wing that's not wild about it. Is free trade off the table? Are – is it possible to overcome bipartisan sort of left and right convergence on an anti-free-trade sentiment right now?
SEN. CRUZ: You know, I don't think that they are parallel, in that, look, I can tell you on the Republican side, virtually every Republican supports free trade. I mean, I was elected with overwhelming support from the tea party and from broad coalitions in Texas across the spectrum. And I am an unambiguous advocate of free trade. And on the Republican side, I think we would see all or virtually all of the Republicans in the Senate vote in favor of free trade. There is bipartisan support for it, but Majority Leader Harry Reid has indicated that he intends to block a vote on it. And so right now the impediment in the Senate, at least, to free trade moving forward is the majority leader. And now, if Jack has insights on how to change that, I would love to vote on free trade tomorrow.
SEN. REED: Well, I think this is an issue where the details matter, that – what is the agreement? We've had arrangements where free trade – where it's promised to deliver jobs to the United States, and they didn't deliver a lot of jobs; in fact, they accelerated the exportation of jobs. So we have to be conscious of that. Right now, you know, going back to my previous point, one of the critical issues is do I have a job and am I getting paid well enough with that job.
I think you have to look at each individual arrangement. I mean, I'm interested – they look at the Atlantic – the European-United States. There, for the first time, we've got a sort of – the environmental regimes, labor regimes, other regimes that are very close to us, in fact, in some cases, more stringent. Those issues aren't as critical in that type of deal as it would be with the Asian free trade agreements.
So I think you've got to look very carefully at them. And you know, I think they fall or rise on the merits of the deal itself.
SEN. CRUZ: And let me jump in on something there, which is you talk about particular free trade agreements and the details of the agreement, but there's also a threshold question about whether the president should have trade promotion authority. And one of the very few areas where the Democratic Senate has been willing to defy the president is the president explicitly asked in the State of the Union address to give him trade promotion authority. And this is a scenario where Republicans in the Senate are eager to give Barack Obama more authority, and Democrats in the Senate are blocking a vote on it. And that's – it has nothing to do with the details of the agreement; it's a structural shift in order to facilitate free trade agreements being negotiated and adopted.
MR. SEIB: I think that's a one-and-only example, though, right?
SEN CRUZ.: It may well be. (Laughter.)
MR. SEIB: Senator Cruz – (inaudible) –
SEN. REED: There is a context about all this, and the context of rather specific negotiations over many years on these deals, an indication of what they might look like when they come to the floor. You can't divorce that from this.
MR. SEIB: Which is your point. The details matter, so –
Senator Cruz, Senator Reed, thank you for getting down here under adverse circumstances. I hope you'll stick around and say hi to some folks here. (Applause.) (Cross talk.) Appreciate it very much.
More from Capital Journal's launch event:
Ted Cruz: U.S. Needs to Be Voice for Freedom
Strategists Predict Close Races in Midterm Elections
Sign up for the Capital Journal Daybreak newsletter: http://on.wsj.com/CapitalJournalSignup
Download the free e-Book "The Right Way? Republicans Rethink, Reload for 2014" for a new essay by Gerald F. Seib and a collection of The Wall Street Journal's coverage of the Republican Party's effort to reclaim both houses of Congress in 2014.


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About This Bin
About the Trinity
It's Jesus, Stupid: Getting the Trinity RightBy Robert A. Ratcliff
O.k. you preachers, gut-check time. Lift your hand if you're not planning to preach on the Trinity this Trinity Sunday. O.k., now lift 'em if you didn't know… read more
HomecomingBy Rueben P. Job
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subset: commoncrawl


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On Scientific Fakery and the Systems to Catch It
By KENNETH CHANG
Published: October 15, 2002
In some ways, the pivotal figure in the research misconduct case at Bell Labs was not Dr. J. Hendrik Schön, the scientist fired last month for fabricating and manipulating data, but Dr. Bertram Batlogg, the man who hired him in 1998.
An investigatory panel cleared Dr. Batlogg, and all other co-authors, of knowledge of the deception. But without Dr. Batlogg's imprimatur, the remarkable findings in superconductivity and organic electronics, now discredited, would have been scrutinized more skeptically sooner.
Dr. Schön in 1998 was unknown, a newly minted Ph.D. from the University of Konstanz in Germany. Dr. Batlogg was prominent for work on high-temperature superconductors and had a reputation of being smart and meticulous.
The idea behind Dr. Schön's experiments — using strong electric fields to alter the electronic behavior of organic crystals — came from Dr. Batlogg.
"He's done excellent and reputable work in the past," said Dr. Robert B. Laughlin, a Stanford professor who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1998. "So most people felt it was unthinkable that the work could not be true. He put his personal stamp of approval on these experiments."
Fraud cases this year at Bell Laboratories and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have led to re-examinations of the scientific process, raising questions about the frequency of scientific fraud and how to keep it in check. Above all, the cases have forced scientists to examine a standard feature of modern science, collaboration. What are the roles and responsibilities of co-authors? How much should scientists rely on trust?
Like the Bell Labs scandal, the Lawrence Berkeley case, in which the laboratory was forced to retract its claim of synthesizing the heaviest atom ever, has been been attributed to the fakery of a single scientist.
Those fooled included not only the co-authors, but also the bosses at Bell Labs and Lawrence Berkeley, the prestigious journals that published the work and the physicists who read the papers and believed them.
In each instance, scientists point out that the process worked, ultimately, in exposing the fabrications. They also concede that they wish it had worked more quickly.
Known cases of research misconduct — defined as making up data, changing the data or the results to misrepresent the experiments, or copying other scientists' work — are rare.
In the last decade, there have been about 50 cases of misconduct among basic science research sponsored by the National Science Foundation and 137 cases of misconduct among biological and medical research financed by the National Institutes of Health. The foundation finances about 20,000 projects a year, and the institutes finance twice as many.
There is also a nagging worry that many other cases of scientific dishonesty are not caught and that someone less ambitious in scope — Dr. Schön's claims were groundbreaking, and, if true, Nobel Prize-worthy — may achieve a quietly successful career. One in four respondents to a poll in 1991 by the journal Science said they had personally encountered fabrication, falsification or theft of research in the prior 10 years.
After the scandals, Bell Labs has reminded researchers of its scientific honor code and strengthened its internal reviews. Journals, which do not generally make researchers submit underlying data, are considering measures like asking for additional data.
The two cases have spurred the American Physical Society to work on an addition to its ethics guidelines that spells out to what degree scientists need to vouch for the work of their collaborators. Dr. James Tsang, an I.B.M. scientist who is chairman of the society's public affairs panel, said the proposed guidelines would strike a middle ground between collaborators' being narrowly responsible for their own contributions and being responsible for the work of all their co-authors.
"We're certainly saying all authors have some responsibility," Dr. Tsang said.
After the first papers were published, Dr. Batlogg gave many talks promoting the results. Many scientists are upset that when the misconduct allegations arose publicly in May, he quickly distanced himself. He was quoted in a German publication as saying, "When I am a passenger in a car and the driver drives through a red light, then I am not to blame."
In a more conciliatory tone, Dr. Batlogg wrote in an e-mail statement last month: "As co-author, I acknowledge a responsibility to ensure the validity of data in publications. If I have recently given an impression to the contrary, it is most unfortunate and does not reflect my real intentions."
He has also sent apologetic e-mail messages to colleagues over the last few weeks, acknowledging, "By virtue of being a senior author, I have lent considerable credibility to this work."
Dr. Schön declined to comment.
The Bell Labs investigation, led by Dr. Malcolm R. Beasley, a professor of applied physics at Stanford, raised the question of whether Dr. Batlogg, who left Bell Labs in September 2000 to become a professor of physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, had fulfilled his "professional responsibility" in examining Dr. Schön's reported findings. In its report, the panel asked, rhetorically, "Should Batlogg have insisted on an exceptional degree of validation of the data in anticipation of the scrutiny that a senior scientist knows such extraordinary results would surely receive?"


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Hi guys! I'm new to the forum, but I want your thoughts on this. I've seen couple articles on how icing you muscles after a run or a workout might be counter productive to recovery. I wanted your guys take on this.
Here are the links to the articles:
This article came out last month in RunningTimes, so good chance you've read it.
This one is from a Crossfit trainer that I stumbled upon looking for more info on the RunningTimes article. The ideas seem transferrable to running.
I don't use ice so I can't tell you if it is beneficial or not. I have compression sleeves that I put on for half an hour to an hour after any run longer than 4 miles.
I use the sleeves, not because I'm sore, but to recover more quickly so I can run again the next day.
I also use the sleeves after working my legs at the gym.
I think the article stated the same thing about compression. I still use both when needed, but I am slow to change.
I've used compression sleeves and socks before, and they seemed to work well for me. Especially when I used to work in a retail booth at marathon race expos.
The crossfit video and article mentioned the that Marc Pro device. I looked into what it was on their website. Have you heard of electric muscle stimulation? Or even used it before?
I decided some time ago that apart from anecdotal reports coming from true believers, there wasn't enough data to support the pop-med use of icing. There are too many scientifically based reasons not to ice, but for many, the fact that it numbs pain masqueraded as a cure, which was good enough for the average jock, and a lot of their coaches. It remains important for controlling swelling during acute injuries and sprains, so I suppose it was the familiar hammer that made every other pain look like a nail.
I've been going through a lot of my crap in preparation for a move, and I can't tell you how many straps, sleeves, gel packs, etc. I came across and tossed. Even when I believed in them too, I had one injury after another. The best defense against injury is to learn how your body works, and to gain experience using it correctly. Every other crutch has value largely for the placebo effect. How much external compression, for example, does it take to provide enough support to replace (or substantially assist) dysfunctional or damaged muscles, ligaments, and tendons? Enough to completely cut off your peripheral circulation, that's how much. Any takers?
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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Two men survive a face to face encounter with a 12-foot Great White Shark
Three area beaches are now closed to swimming and surfing for 72 hours
A retired fireman on a fishing trip with a friend say they visited face to face with a Great White Shark just off Tajiguas Beach Saturday afternoon. The incident happened early afternoon about 800 feet off shore. The retiree says his friend had a fresh catch of bass and after drawing the live catch from the water to on-board their kayak the 12-foot man-eating predator breached the water and ultimately lifted the vessel out of the water.
No injuries were reported but the mens' wits were apparently on end after the encounter. Currently three area beaches are closed for 72-hours to water recreation activities in response to the shark encounter. El Capitan, El Refugio and Gaviota State Beaches are affected. All three are set to re-open Tuesday morning at 8am to water recreation activities like surfing and swimming.
Copyright © 2013 KEYT & The Associated Press - NPG of California, LLC. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Metallic Cutout Midi #Dress
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Don't miss the Sale and Offers and save up to 50% off. Offer ends December 29, 2012 or while supplies last.
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Campus to welcome more than 350 new students
Continuing its trend of growth, Penn State Lehigh Valley will welcome more than 350 new students, exceeding last year's number, with a day of orientation activities on Thurs., Aug. 18, from 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.
While the majority of Penn State Lehigh Valley's new class hails from the Keystone State, some students are traveling from as far as China to begin their journey as Nittany Lions.
"We are thrilled to welcome so many new students into the Penn State Lehigh Valley family. Our faculty, staff, and student leaders are eager to introduce the class of 2015 to all that Penn State has to offer," says Ann Williams, chancellor of the campus.
During their New Student Orientation activities on Thursday, the new Penn Staters will find out more about how to make the most of their college experience through group sessions, a diversity-themed performance by the Metamorphosis Theatre Company, and workshops covering everything from athletics, to majors, to service learning.
At 11:45 a.m., a new student mixer, complete with music and information about campus services, will let the students get to know their classmates, and the entire campus community will gather for a welcome picnic outdoors (weather permitting) at 12:45 p.m.
For more information, or for media inquiries, please contact Allison Goodin at 610-285-5067 or e-mail email@example.com.


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Deakin Alumni Community Awards 2014
Established in 2011, Deakin's Alumni of the Year Awards, recognise, acknowledge and promote prominent Alumni around the world who have achieved outstanding success in their communities, professions or given outstanding service to the university.
Congratulations to the following outstanding Alumni members who have been awarded Deakin's Alumni of the Year Awards for 2014; John Stanhope, Nino Ficca, James Farrell and Madison Robinson.
(Please click on the tabs)
For more information about the awards, including past winners visit Deakin Alumni of the Year Awards
Our 2014 award is a distinctively hand crafted piece made from cast glass that is engraved and polished, and takes advantage of the unique translucent and reflective properties of the medium.
The award is created by Dr Lienors Torre from the Faculty of Arts and Education. Lienors is a Lecturer in the School of Communication and Creative Arts and an outstanding artist with
20 years' experience in this medium.
Her inspiration for the design of the 2014 award comes from seashells and staircases. Shells are intimate forms that nurture and protect. Staircases suggest an accession and journey. Together these symbols manifest the perfect ingredients to embrace throughout life and education.
Lifetime Achievement
» Chairman, Australia Post
» Bachelor of Commerce 1982
The Financial Review's CFO of the Year in 2011, and recipient of the Dealbook Award for CFO of 2012, John's contributions and achievements are too numerous and significant to accurately précis.
Throughout his extensive and influential career he has led the way in governance, finance, strategy, risk management and more. Serving today as the Chairman of Australia Post, he has previously studied at Stanford, spent many years in senior roles at Telstra, and was instrumental in the introduction of the NBN.
John is also currently the Chairman of the Melbourne International Jazz Festival, a Director of AGL Energy Limited, The Bionic Institute and Our Neighbourhood, as well as being a member of the Deakin University Council.
Alumni of the Year
» Managing Director, AusNet Services
» Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) 1982 and
» Graduate Diploma of Management 1994
As one of the most respected names in the State's energy industry Nino Ficca, Deakin alumnus and Harvard Business School AMP program graduate, has demonstrated a high level of excellence and a keen drive to enable change throughout his prestigious career.
In 2005, as Managing Director of SPI Electricity, he oversaw the successful listing of SP AusNet on the Australian and Singapore Stock Exchanges. The company (recently renamed AusNet Services) is committed to the safe, efficient and reliable supply of energy via three networks to more than 1.3 million residential and business customers in communities across Victoria. Under Nino's leadership, AusNet Services has become an advocate for safety and improved working standards via its mission Zero safety strategy.
Working closely with academic institutions, AusNet Services recognises the importance of investing in the development of skills and has developed an 'engineering centre of excellence' philosophy. To support this, 'Skilling for the Future' Program, invests in graduate, apprentice and trainee programs to develop the specialist skills in an exciting industry.
A strong supporter of diversity in the workplace, in his current role as Chairman of the Deakin University Engineering Advisory Board, Nino is looking at the creation and promotion of mentoring opportunities, especially for women, in engineering.
Alumni Community Service
» Director, Queensland Association of Independent Legal Services
» Lecturer, Deakin University School of Law
» Bachelor of Commerce 2006, Bachelor of Laws (Hons) 2007 and Graduate Certificate of Higher Education 2012
A recipient of the prestigious 2014 Churchill Fellowship from the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust and a Medal of the Order of Australia, James is an extraordinarily dedicated lawyer and advocate for people experiencing poverty and disadvantage.
Throughout his professional career his outstanding capacity for voluntary work with community-based legal services has cemented his status as a leading contemporary social justice lawyer. James is currently the Director of the Queensland Association of Independent Legal Services, the peak body representing Queensland's community legal centres, and chairs the Queensland Legal Assistance Forum.
Previously James was the Manager and Principal Lawyer of Victoria's Homeless Persons' Legal Clinic, Deputy Chairperson of the Council to Homeless Persons, and a Director of G21, the Geelong Regional Alliance.
He has written and spoken on many socio-legal issues, including homelessness, poverty and human rights. He is an ongoing and passionate advocate for marginalised and disadvantaged people in our community.
Young Alumni of the Year
» Professional Netballer – Melbourne Vixens and Australian Team
» Bachelor of Education (Primary) 2010
One of Deakin's most successful female sporting alumnae, Madison began her professional career in 2006, when she was selected to play for the Melbourne Kestrels.
Throughout this time she continued her studies, graduating with a distinction average. She currently plays for both the Melbourne Vixens and the Australian Diamonds and in 2012 was voted ANZ Championships Player of the year, International Player of the Year and Liz Ellis Diamond winner.
With a raft of awards throughout her distinguished career, Madison is considered to be not only one of our most valuable players, but a remarkable and inspiring sporting leader.
In 2014 she represented Australia in the Glasgow Commonwealth Games, winning gold.
Madison is also an ambassador for the Cotton On Foundation, Run Geelong and various other community charities in both Melbourne and Geelong.


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A Clear And Very Cold Night Especially On The Northshore Where Temperatures Will Fall Into The Low To Mid 30s
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To complete your registration on this site, please supply an address.
Please confirm or modify the email address to which you will have subscription offers sent.
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New Personal online Banking
More than just a service
With Crédit Agricole Egypt's upgraded Online Banking Services you can access your accounts, transfer funds, pay bills & credit cards online 24/7 and much more…
Online Banking Security
User Name and Password
Create your own user name and password for your login to the online banking service.
Activation Code
Once you register to the Online Banking you will receive an Activation Code SMS which is a one time password sent to your mobile number registered at the bank records.
Challenge Questions and Answers
During the registration you will be asked to select a challenge question and create its related answer to be used for every login to the online banking service. Caution must be exercised when setting up Challenge Question and Answer. You must always keep your questions private and avoid using questions that are easily guessed.
Security Questions and Answers
During the registration you will be asked to select a 2 security questions and create its related answers to be used in case you forget your password or challenge answer. Caution must be exercised when setting up Security Questions and Answers. You must always keep your questions private and avoid using questions that are easily guessed.
Authorization Code
The Authorization Code is a one time password used to confirm each online transaction to others through the online banking. Client need to activate a Token software to use this service. To know more about Tokens click here.
Click here to register and benefit from up-to-date technology, combined with advanced security to provide you with easy usage and convenience. CAE's upgraded Online Banking is more than just a service…
Personal Accounts
Credit Cards
Prepaid Cards
Billers: Telecom Egypt, Vodafone, Mobinil, Etisalat, TE Data, LINK dot NET, the Egyptian Food Bank, and many more to come!
SMS Alerts
Stay always on top of your banking transactions with the instant SMS Alerts Service. Now enjoy the freedom to choose between a variety of alert types and convenient subscription packages tailored to match your banking style and in your preferred language, for more info click here.
How to Register
To apply for the service, simply visit www.ca-egypt.com click on "register now" and follow the steps.
Make sure you have the following:
Click here for a detailed guide on how to register.
* Please visit your nearest branch to submit a written request in case you need to update your registered mobile number.
Click here to review CAE forms available for download.
Crédit Agricole Egypt reserves the right to change any information or requirements mentioned without prior notice.
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Christie Calls in Sick, Cancels Philadelphia Talk
UPDATED | New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie on Wednesday canceled an appearance before a government watchdog group, citing illness, the group said.
Mr. Christie was supposed to headline an annual breakfast given by the Committee of Seventy in Philadelphia Thursday morning, but canceled at the last minute, saying he was "just not feeling well at all," according to the organization. More than 600 people were expected to attend the event.
"Obviously we are very sorry for any inconvenience that results from this cancellation and we hope Gov. Christie is better soon," said Zack Stalberg, the group's president and CEO.
A spokesman for the governor said Wednesday night that Mr. Christie "is fighting off a cold and has had to cut back his morning schedule tomorrow."
Mr. Christie didn't look visibly sick during a news conference on additional airport service to Atlantic City Thursday morning, but didn't take questions and didn't address his health.
Mr. Christie spoke before the Committee of Seventy in 2010. A new date for the talk wasn't yet scheduled, according to the group.


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Catherine Taylor in Coventry, CV2Not the right Catherine Taylor? View more
Full Background Report for Catherine Taylor
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UTG M4/M16 Series Match Grade Rear Sight
$ 27.99
UTG M4/M16 Series Match Grade Rear Sight - Quantity:
Registered User Login:
- This is really goodThis is good if you want to change out your sights really quick from a red dot to iron sights. It is also good 'cause you can switch it from the close combat aperture(little hole you look through) to a smaller one for longer shots. The bolt is real nice so you can screw it on and off. Also you don't lose any parts with this. it is a great buy and very durable.
- perfect sight, not so perfect priceThis is a great scope, and works perfectly. No matter what anyone says, i am a firm believer in iron sights on anything but snipers. Ive tried a red dot and a zoom scope on my M4 but this is what i stick with. It is a breeze to sight in (if it even needs any sighting) and has no wobble, great construction and looks great. It really adds a good custom look to your weapon. My only con would be the price, it is essentially the same thing that comes on an M4, just looks better. (no carry handle)
please rate
- Great for people with riflesi use this for my springers and snipers. great sights. i'd recommend this to anyone with a rifle/springer, but not really for people with machine guns because... well, it doesn't look good enough on machine guns, (XD).
- My favorite!!I've had this rear sight for about six months, and it's great! It's very accurate and i prefer it over my M4a1's carrying handle. It comes off in seconds and is small enough to carry in a pocket or in a pouch in a tactical vest. Leapers (UTG) makes some great stuff, and i have to admit that I use this sight on my real steel as well as my airsoft replica. This is a great item to carry around when the battery on your red dot scope dies, or if suddenly you chase the "enemy" during a "war" into an abandoned warehouse and have to switch to CQB, believe me I've done it and it's worth it! It's also great for a tactical look; I bet you'll love it so buy it!
(Sierra-1, transmission end)
- Nostalgia at work!Man, I remember those days, rockin' the M16A2. Before the whole tacti-cool revolution with your red-dot sights, high speed low drag plate carriers and digital cammies. this style sight set standard which made you think and apply your marksmanship skills before taking that shot...or just using Kentucky windage. Either way the A2 style sight will always be around simply because it works! When your clone EOtech or chinese made aimpoint style sight dies because of rough use or running out of batteries, you can always fall back on this sight. I put my life on the line with an A2 style sight before, and you can rest assured in an airsoft match that this thing will keep you combat effective.
- One more astonishing item from UTG.As the title says, this sight is perfect.
I bought an M4 with a carrying handle. Of course, I didn't really like the handle that much, so I decided I should buy a new sight. The first decent one (and affordable) I saw was this one. Instantly bought it.
It is made out of very durable metal. I threw it against the wall to find that out, which my wall now has a decent hole size in it. Could have tested that out differently.
Attaching it was easy, Unscrew the bolt on the side and slide it on, then tighten it. Very easy to adjust as well, which I didn't need to do since it was set right on my M4 already.
It also makes my rifle look a lot more high quality, being that the gun cost less than the actual sight.
I would highly recommend this sight to anyone that needs a new sight, Who would have ever imagined a sight this amazing, for the low cost? I always pictured a sight with this quality being over $100, but I guess I was wrong.
As I stated before, this sight is perfect.


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Jude the Obscure
by Thomas Hardy
Arabella Donn
Character Analysis
They Call me a Schemer…
Whew. Arabella is a piece of work. She is so selfish, thoughtless, and manipulative that it's hard to take her seriously as a character in some ways—she's like a cartoon villain or something. Like, if this were a romantic comedy, she'd be Rachael McAdams from Mean Girls. Of course, this isn't a romantic comedy (again, it doesn't get much less funny than Jude the Obscure), so Arabella's behavior gets a lot worse than backstabbing and prom antics.
Arabella tricks Jude into marrying her…twice. In fact, it is almost impossible at times to know when—if ever—Arabella is telling the truth. After all, this is a woman who fakes the dimples on her cheeks:
As the girl drew nearer to it, she gave, without Jude perceiving it, an adroit little suck to the interior of each of her cheeks in succession, by which […] she brought as by magic upon its smooth rotund surface a perfect dimple. (1.6.35)
How are we supposed to trust someone who deliberately lures Jude in with false dimples?
In the end, Arabella plays an enormous role in Jude's and Sue's downfall. She cares nothing about the consequences of her actions, and she cares about no one other than herself. As Jude lies dying, Arabella is already hitting on another man to take his place, and when she finds Jude dead she just leaves him there so she can go to a boat race.
Still, we have to give Arabella credit for one thing: all of her actions in the novel are despicable and deceitful. But she does understand people and the way the world works about a thousand times better than Jude and Sue do. As Jude and Sue crumble, Arabella is just the same as she ever was at the end of the novel. Hardy uses Arabella to suggest that social conventions can destroy idealistic, good people like Jude and Sue—but they can positively benefit hateful schemers like Arabella.
Keep in mind that Hardy gives her the last line of the book. And she uses her last word to take one last bit of glee in Sue's misery while at Jude's funeral. Talk about cold-blooded:
'She's never found peace since she left his arms, and never will again till she's as he is now!' (6.11.74).Arabella Donn Timeline


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WASHINGTON - Raising the federal debt limit without spending reductions was the prime reason local Republican lawmakers voted against it.
A bill passed the House on Tuesday 221 to 201 in a vote on partisan lines with most Republicans against, including Reps. Shelley Moore Capito and David McKinley of West Virginia and Bill Johnson of Ohio. Rep. Nick Rahall, D-W.Wa., voted in favor.
Controlling spending was the common theme among the Republicans.
"We need to get serious about reigning in on Washington's out-of-control spending," Johnson said. "We cannot continue to pile debt onto the backs of our children and grandchildren."
The bill allows a year-long suspension of the debt limit and extends the country's borrowing authority to March 2015. Congress has raised the debt ceiling 42 times since 1980.
The legislation was Senate Bill 540, which originally was to rename the air traffic control center in Nashua, N.H., as the Patricia Clark Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center. To expedite passage, Congress will take an existing bill already in the process and amend it rather than start from scratch.
Johnson said he couldn't support extending the debt ceiling without addressing "the main driver of our debt, Washington's out-of-control government spending."
McKinley said he won't give President Obama a blank check.
"On principle, I agree we should never default on our debt and we must pay our bills. But there's a big difference between principles and tactics," he said. "The tactic of giving a blank check to the president and the Democrat-controlled Senate to continue spending is not responsible. With a $17.3 trillion dollar debt that is growing every day, we can't ignore this problem and pass this debt on to our children and grandchildren."
McKinley blamed the president and the Democrats for running up the debt.
"Paying our bills is responsible, but so is finding ways to reduce this massive debt," McKinley said.
The nation can't afford to borrow more money, Capito said.
"Taxpayers expect that if the nation borrows money, it will cut spending elsewhere," she said. "This legislation allows this administration to continue business as usual, and I cannot support raising the debt ceiling without putting our fiscal house in order."


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Movies Photos
Photos: Food, cars and a sunset screening of 'Dazed and Confused' at Dallas' new Alamo Drafthouse
Photo: Alexandra Olivia/Special Contributor
Jackie Snyder, Jimmy Ryan, and Jamie and Cliff Geske attempted to master the paddle ball games given out by the staff at Alamo Drafthouse in Richardson during the theater's free movie screening on Saturday night.
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Model: 1612 Item: EPI1612
Just what's needed in a high-capacity environment. Shuts off and illuminates when pencil is sharp. Will not start unless receptacle is in place. Multiple hole selector for different pencil sizes. With quiet powerful motor, large receptacle and dual helical cutters. Thermal overload shuts off motor before overheating. Auto-Reset™ when cool. Sharpener Type: Desktop; Power Type: Electric; Cutter Material(s): X-ACTO® Steel; Color(s): Silver/Black.
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At Printerbazaar, we are committed to make your shopping experience hassle-free by conveying the best information. We understand that office related purchasing decisions are vital and thus the right comparisons are necessary before buying.
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X-ACTO® X-ACTO Manual Sharpener, Vacuum Base, Black/Chrome
$34.03$2144 / each


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Track List
Album Notes
This budget-priced, ten-track collection from country-pop great Kenny Rogers rounds up a set of later-period studio recordings, almost all of which appeared on his 23rd studio album, 1999's She Rides Wild Horses. ~ James Christopher Monger
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See Also
- Once Upon a Christmas (Parton, Dolly)
- Kenny/Dolly/Tammy/George (Parton, Dolly)


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Reservations are recommended.
Cielo Restaurant & Bar
Four Seasons Hotel St. Louis
999 North 2nd Street, St. Louis, Missouri 63102 U.S.A.
Restaurant +1 (314) 881-2105 or email
Discover Taste — our online spotlight on the freshest flavors, the hottest ingredients and the most talented Four Seasons chefs from around the globe. In the vibrant city of St. Louis, a world of culinary surprises awaits you.
Read more
© Four Seasons 2008–2013. All Rights Reserved.


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Superintendent vows to 'keep an open mind'
By Norberto Santana Jr.STAFF WRITER
March 24, 2004
The idea could involve reconfiguring sites at more than a dozen elementary and high schools throughout the city.
Mayor Nick Inzunza floated the idea yesterday at a joint meeting of the National School District and city officials.
Faced with the dual challenge of growing enrollment and a limited housing base, Inzunza wants school district officials to work with the city to plan schools, housing and infrastructure.
"I think we need to think that way and shouldn't be scared to do so," Inzunza said at the meeting.
School district officials had walked into the meeting expecting to talk to City Council members about setting up a task force to apply for a traffic safety grant.
However, after Inzunza's speech, school and city officials voted to expand the task force's mandate to include redevelopment. Specific details on how the task force will operate have yet to be determined. The group is expected to draw up a grant application by February.
National School District officials said that although they were focused on the traffic safety grant, they would be open to other ideas.
"We're going to listen to the city's ideas," said district Superintendent George Cameron. "We'll keep an open mind."
Inzunza said he hasn't been shy about telling the school district – which he calls the largest landowner in town – about his financing ideas.
Trustee Alma Graham said Inzunza also has talked to her about relocating the National School District headquarters, now in temporary buildings in a residential area. She said Inzunza asked whether there was any playground space that could be used for apartments.
"We want to be open-minded because change isn't always bad," Graham said. "But it has to be within the realm of what we're authorized to do by the state's education code."
Inzunza said his idea would not involve closing any current school sites and could result in school construction and increased open space.
The idea is to recast underused land at schools, such as parking lots, for housing. Inzunza said the property taxes generated by new housing could fund a significant portion of future school construction.
Several City Council members voiced support for the idea, but said the details would need more review.
"We certainly should be open to it," Councilman Ron Morrison said of using development to fund schools. "Let's be honest about it. These schools were designed for a National City of the 1940s and 1950s."
Morrison also warned that city officials needed to be careful not to create the impression that "we have developers lined up and we're out looking for projects for them."
Norberto Santana:
(619) 498-6634; firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Department of Ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai has a strong commitment to residency training, striving to meet the ever-evolving educational needs of the next generation of ophthalmologists.
Devotion to excellence in patient care remains the cornerstone of the program as it grapples with a changing health care environment that demands improved efficiency, the best-trained physicians, the latest technology, and the lowest price tag.
Refinement of the structure of the Comprehensive Ophthalmology service and its subspecialty services has enhanced the educational experience of our residents, improved the delivery of superior care to our patients, and nurtured a more creative environment which fosters research.
An increasing emphasis on accountability has driven our efforts to mold the clinical organization to fit the needs of our patients, while maintaining the educational structure of the standard medical teaching model.
As practice guidelines have become standardized by maturing technologies, we have continued to add additional facets to the program in the form of new surgical courses and forums, use of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and expanded use of computers for teaching and clinical analysis.
The accomplishments and advances achieved by the world-renown New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Ophthalmology Residency Program has come in great part from the dedicated efforts and support of the clinical teaching faculty under the direction of the chiefs of service, led by the Department Chairman and Vice Chairman.
Ophthalmology Resident Training: About the Program
The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) offers a three-year ACGME accredited ophthalmology residency program with outstanding clinical and surgical training. The mission of the NYEE is to provide excellence in medical education, professional development, patient care, scientific research, and community service. The full breadth of medical and surgical ophthalmology training is offered with experience in general ophthalmology as well as all ophthalmic subspecialties including cornea, retina, neuro-ophthalmology, oculoplastics, glaucoma, pediatric ophthalmology, ocular oncology, uveitis, contact lens, ophthalmic pathology, and refractive surgery.
The residency program is an integral part of the Department of Ophthalmology. We strive to inspire and mentor our residents to become leaders in patient care, education, global health, and vision research.


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Centenary College Softball Team Hosts Winter Clinic
4 week progressive training for only $75
Clinic Dates: Sundays in February between 8 and 12.
Brochure attached.
For Information Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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Radius: ... miles
Get an alert when new Young Jeezy dates are announced
A massive name in the world of US Hip Hop, Young Jeezy has been Grammy nominated and has also topped the Billboard 100. Thanks to underground testimonials like 'Air Forces' and 'Chuuch', Jeezy's street swagger and authentic style has quickly made believers out of some the biggest players in the game, from Fabolous to P Diddy.
See more info at youngjeezy.defjam.com
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Free airport shuttle, free deluxe continental breakfast, free high speed wireless Internet access and flight time schedule. 3 miles from Manhattan, 10 miles from JFK International Airport, Citifield 2 miles, Arthur Ash Stadium 2 miles, Flushing Meadow Park 2 miles, Queens Center Mall 3.5 miles, Yankee Stadium 7 miles. The new Clarion is ideal for both business and leisure traveler with value in mind. 9.00 USD per day guest parking available on site with in and out privileges, non gsts pay $19.00 USD per day. Park and Fly packages and Metro cards are available. Call hotel direct for free airport pick-up. Courtesy phones located in the baggage claim areas. Must have one adult 21 years of age or older in each room. 100 percent Non-smoking Hotel.
24-hour security
Air conditioning
Alarm clock
Brailed elevators
Bus parking
Cable television
Complimentary full american breakfast
Exercise gym
Free airport shuttle
Free movies/video
High speed internet connection
High speed internet connection
Ice machine
Laundry/Valet service
Meeting rooms
Outdoor parking
Pay per view movies on TV
Safe deposit box
Handicap room, Wireless internet connection
Reservations not cancelled by deadline will be charged 1 night's stay, or full amount of stay for reservations requiring prepayment.
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We provide you with our most current hotel photos and property information plus lists of all the amenities and services provided at Clarion Hotel La Guardia Airport. Also for your convenience, we will give you detailed maps and directions to 9400 Ditmars Blvd., East Elmhurst as well as many other helpful details.Finding the right hotel when visiting East Elmhurst, New York should be as easy and simple as possible, and besides, hotel reservations should be the least of your worries. So, while you're visiting New York you concentrate on having fun and let us take care of shopping for the best hotel deals. It really is traveling simplified.
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text:
UC IPM Home > Homes, Gardens, Landscapes, and Turf > Fruits and Nuts > Invertebrate
Brown mites overwinter as eggs. Eggs are red and spherical
but do not have a stalk arising from the tops, as do eggs
of the European red mite. They are laid in masses under bark
scales and at the base of buds, and hatch at the same time
the leaf and flower buds open, usually 1to 2 weeks before
European red mite eggs hatch. Hatch is completed before full
Immature mites feed mainly on underleaf surfaces. During the warmest part of the day, adult brown mites
rest and reproduce in woody parts of the tree. When temperatures cool off, they move onto the leaves and
feed on both upper and lower leaf surfaces.
Adult females live 2 to 3 weeks and reproduce without mating;
there are no males. Brown mites are not active during hotter
periods of the summer. Eggs laid during hot weather will
not hatch until the following spring, and populations generally
decline in midsummer. Usually two or three generations of
brown mites occur between February and early June.
of the brown mite
mite nymph
Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See our Home page, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance.
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Eighth Avenue Line (Manhattan surface)
The Eighth Avenue Line is a public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, United States, running mostly along Eighth Avenue from Lower Manhattan to Harlem. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the M10 bus route and the M20 bus route, operated by the New York City Transit Authority. The M10 bus now only runs north of 57th Street (near Columbus Circle), and the M20 runs south of 65 street.
The Eighth Avenue Railroad opened the line from the north end of the trackage shared with the Sixth Avenue Railroad's Sixth Avenue Line at Canal Street and Varick Street along Canal Street, Hudson Street, and Eighth Avenue to 51st Street on August 30, 1852.[1] It was eventually extended north to 159th Street, with a branch along Macomb's Lane to 154th Street, and another branch to the south along Canal Street east to Broadway. Buses were substituted for streetcars by the Eighth Avenue Coach Corporation in March 1936, a company owned by Fifth Avenue Coach Company.[2][3] The New York City Omnibus Corporation took over operations in 1951, and in 1956 it was renamed Fifth Avenue Coach Lines; the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority replaced it in 1962.
Bus service[edit]
In 1962, when the Surface Company bought 8 Avenue they put one bus service for the entire length. This was given the route number 10, which then became bus M10. In 1999, the M10 was truncated to Penn Station, and a new bus route, the M20, formed, running only to Columbus Circle and down to Battery City. The M10 still ran to Harlem. Due to a budget crisis, M10 buses ran only between 59th Street–Columbus Circle and Harlem starting June 27, 2010. In April 2011, however, M10 service was restored to 57 Street only. The last stops on these buses now are 58 street and Broadway instead of 59 street and 8 Avenue.
- ^ New York Times, Eighth-Avenue Railroad, August 30, 1852
- ^ New York Times, 5 Bus Franchises are Under Inquiry, January 4, 1934, page 1
- ^ New York Times, Buses to Run Soon on 8th and 9th Avs., October 5, 1935, page 17


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Sailor is an impressive young stallion with moderate sabino markings that include a wide, wrap-around blaze, extensive spotting on his jaw and upper neck, a distinct white patch by his withers, 4 high stockings, and extensive belly white. In addition to his great markings, he has a GORGEOUS head with beautiful dark eyes, short head, and a tapered muzzle, which he is consistantly passing on to his foals. His conformation is correct with a short back, nice hip, straight legs and a laid back shoulder. His motion is relaxed and effortless. Sailor has far surpassed his sire's record of producing well-marked sabino foals with 23 sabinos out of 25 foals (>90% sabino) so far! His dam, El Bey Shiraz, is tall and elegant, and was exported to France in 2009. Sailor has proven to sire QUALITY black and bay sabino foals and is tested to be HOMOZYGOUS for BLACK and single agouti by UC Davis VGL! This means that he will never produce a chestnut.
Click here to see the foals sired by Sailor --> Sailor Foals
Sailor is a Sweepstakes Nominated Sire in the AHA Breeders Sweepstakes Program. He was sold and exported to France in 2012, and is available to outside mares on a limited basis via frozen semen only. Breeding fee is $Private Treaty and includes up to 4 breeding doses and 1 mare certificate. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Click here for Sailor's CA & LFS Results => VGL CA/LFS Results
Click here for Sailor's SCID Results => VetGen SCID Results
Sailor is now owned by Elevage Color Dream in France.
Sailor in 2015 in FRANCE
Sailor at 6 years old in FRANCE (at a show)
Sailor at 4 years old.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Find out what's new this month from Portobello Books.
Meet the Portobello Books team, find out about our unique approach to publishing and get news of Portobello Books events and author appearances near you.
The End of Days by Jenny Erpenbeck is reviewed in New Books. 'A beautiful meditation [that] take[s] us into the dark places and shed[s] light there in unexpected ways.'


text:
Share Photo
In this Sept. 19, 2012 photo provided by the Chicago-based John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, David Finkel, 56, a Washington Post journalist whose long-form news writing has transformed readers' understanding of military service and sacrifice, is seen at his home in Silver Spring, Md. Finkel is among 23 recipients of this year's MacArthur Foundation "genius grants." (AP Photo/Courtesy of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, John Spaulding)


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SIKESTON - Henry F. Cooper, 85, died at 12:30 a.m. Sept. 10, 2007, at Clearview Nursing Center.
Born March 11, 1922, in Pontotoc, Miss., to the late Oscar William and Mattie Benjamin Cooper, he served in the U.S. Army Air Force during World War II and was a member of the Fellowship Baptist Church. He was a self-employed carpenter and millwright and had worked for Ray Clinton Construction. He was a 32nd degree Mason and member of Sikeston Masonic Lodge No. 310 AF&AM.
He married Elvada Winders who preceded him in death. On Oct. 12, 1946, in Piggott, Ark., he married Maggie Dunnegan who preceded him in death on Sept. 17, 1995.
One sister also preceded him in death.
Survivors include: one daughter and son-in-law, Barbara and Terry Smith of Sikeston; one sister, Grace Sartin of Cape Girardeau; and one granddaughter, Maggie Smith of Sikeston.
Visitation will be from 11 a.m. until time of services at 1 p.m. Wednesday at the Nunnelee Funeral Chapel. The Rev. Joe McCullough, pastor of the Fellowship Baptist Church, will officiate.
Burial will follow in Gravel Hill Cemetery in Bloomfield.


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Quoizel NY1179Z
Newbury 3 Light 13" Wide Outdoor Pendant Lantern with Clear Glass
- Item # bci354613
- Model # NY1179Z
- Newbury Collection
When it comes to curb appeal, outdoor lighting plays a large part in creating a special ambiance. The classic design and beveled glass of the Newbury gives the outside of your home a rich elegance, without making it look over-embellished. It's a versatile look that coordinates with most any architectural style.
- Clear Glass
- Beautiful traditional style
- Durable brass frame ensures years of reliable performance
- Bulbs are not included with this item - bulb options will be presented upon checkout
- Includes 96" of chain for a maximum height of 117"
- Rated for installation and use in wet locations
- Fully covered under Quoizel's limited lifetime warranty
- Height: 21"
- Width: 12.5"
- Maximum Height: 117"
- Chain Length: 8 Feet
Electrical Specifications:
- Number of Bulbs: 3
- Bulb Base: Candelabra (E12)
- Compatible Bulb Type: Incandescent
- Watts per Bulb: 60
- Total Wattage: 180
- Voltage: 120
About Quoizel:
At Quoizel, we create more than lighting. We create timeless pieces designed with you in mind. We do this by avoiding trends and fads, by balancing form and function, and by making our choices thoughtfully. This kind of dedication, integrity and quality not only goes into the design of our products, but it's in the way we do business as well. It's why we've grown from a small company to become one of the nation's leading manufacturers of fine decorative lighting. Founded in 1930 in New York, we relocated to Charleston, SC in 1996 to a state-of-the-art 500,000 square-foot facility. Though we've grown in size, we've never lost sight of our small business heritage. In fact, we remain privately held, family-owned and operated. Many of our products embody our history of being artisans in glass and natural materials. We work with resources that will not only illuminate your living space but also enhance the beauty of your home.
Additional Quoizel Links
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Quoizel NY1179AC Aged Copper
- Quoizel NY1179A Antique Brass
- Quoizel NY1179Z Medici Bronze
- Quoizel NY1179K Mystic Black
- Quoizel NY1179P Pewter
- Quoizel NY1179B Polished Brass
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued.