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The People
Keith King (host, producer)
In addition to being the host of Just a Show and Just a Show Radio, Keith has hosted the Keith King Show, Ripped Off with Keith King, the IWA Stars of Wrestling and the Western Wrestling Talk Show. As a disc jockey for 20 years, Keith has made a smooth transition to Just a Show Radio. In addition to his hosting duties, Keith books guests and keeps Shawn's ego in line. King's high-energy personality has helped earn him tens of fans worldwide. He has been touted as one of the loudest people in show business.
Shawn Turek (sidekick, producer)
Shawn has worked with Keith on numerous productions going back to "Ripped Off with Keith King" in the mid to late 1990's. Over the years he has gone from hanging around outside the building till he can sneak in behind someone else, to helping on the crew and having some on-air appearances, to taking a much more active role in writing, producing, acting, editing, and eventually becoming the sidekick on "Just a Show". Shawn also manages the website and produces most of the graphics and visual elements that are part of the production. Shawn continues his role as sidekick and producer on "Just a Show Radio", the latest incarnation of "Just a Show".
David Anthony (voice talent extraordinaire)
David is the "Fifth Beatle", and by "fifth" we mean "third" and "Beatle" we mean "member of our humble show". You can hear David throughout each episode of Just a Show Radio, from the show open, to commercial breaks, to various segment intro's. You can hear more of David's excellent voicework on his Voices.com profile at http://www.voices.com/people/DavidAnthonyVO.


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Student Resources
College Overview
NIC real estate program offers prep for still active local market; Room still available in NIC program
Return to news room
Working in the field of real estate is appealing to many people—people who are self-motivated, who crave the opportunity to work independently knowing that hard work could yield great rewards, including no limits as to what can be earned financially.
A fast-paced training program offered through North Idaho College's Workforce Training Center and the booming real estate market combine to make the field even more attractive to prospective real estate professionals.
Last year more than 670 people completed NIC's real estate program, which is offered in two 45-hour modules that combine to meet the 90-hour requirement for salesperson licensing. The modules are offered in six all-day sessions at the NIC Workforce Training Center in Post Falls. Those who complete both modules will have met the minimum competency required to practice in the field and are eligible to take the state licensing exam in both Idaho and Washington.
"The NIC Workforce Training Center has been the regional leader in real estate education for more than 16 years and continues to provide the highest quality preparation for agents working with brokers throughout the area," said Workforce Training Director Robert Ketchum.
NIC's program remains the most comprehensive training source available, according to Bill Hatch who heads NIC's real estate program.
"NIC's program is an impartial venue for training, unobstructed by biases of independent brokerages," Hatch said. "The program yields an independent pool of real estate recruits that get snatched up quickly by local real estate brokers and go straight to work."
Hatch, who holds a doctorate and has more than 32 years of experience as a real estate broker, said the industry has become more professional and computer-oriented over the years as tools such as the Internet and e-mail became more prevalent. The field has also become more legally complex, forcing the need for the proper training in real estate law and ethics that is part of NIC's training program.
NIC's real estate program also includes a variety of courses offered as continuing education credits. Idaho requires 20 hours and Washington requires 30 hours of continuing education credits every two years in order to maintain a real estate license. A core continuing education course is offered in addition to a variety of electives such as Understanding and Applying Idaho Agency Law and Title Insurance: Issues for Real Estate Agents. Each course is $39.
Although it is slowing slightly from last year's boom, Hatch said the local real estate market is still very active.
"The market is more in balance now," Hatch said. "Interest rates are still low and there is still plenty of property available. It continues to be a good time to be in real estate."
Cost to enroll in NIC's real estate program is $265 per module. Room is still available in each of two real estate series offered this fall, one beginning in September and one in November. The first module of each series this fall is available for college credit. Contact NIC Business, Professional Programs and Trades and Industry Division Chair Judy Parker at (208) 769-7784 for more information on the credit option.
To enroll, contact the
Workforce Training Center
at (208) 769-3444
Quick Facts
Courses offered in six sessions from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the Workforce Training Center in Post Falls
Module I
Sept. 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15
Nov. 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17
Module II
Oct. 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20
Nov. 30, Dec. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8
Cost per module:
Information or to enroll:
NIC Workforce Training Center at (208) 769-3444 or
For More Information
NIC Assistant Vice President for Instruction and Workforce Training Director Robert Ketchum, (208) 769-3221, or NIC Real Estate Program Instructor Bill Hatch, (360) 981-4346, NIC Business, Professional Programs and Trades and Industry Division Chair Judy Parker at (208) 769-7784
Posted: Friday, Aug. 11, 2006
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OLEY, Pa. - Scores of professionals, amateurs and dealers looking for vintage motorcycles and parts spent the last weekend of April browsing the Perkiomen National event, which scavengers in the know call "Oley."
The show is devoted to antique and vintage motorcycles and just a smattering of parts and related antiques. It draws vendors from all over the country and buyers from Europe. Some offerings are rust buckets, others are perfectly restored.
The Perkiomen event started as a weekend event at the Oley Fairgrounds, always conducted the last week of April. But it has grown over the years, and now starts as early as Wednesday afternoon.
The Perkiomen group and its market's location is just a stone's throw from the Reading Motorcycle Club, America's oldest cycle club, incorporated in 1914, according to www.antiquesandarts.com


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|Length Overall
|23' 5''
|Dry Weight
|4,091 lbs.
|8' 6''
|Tested Weight
|Weight Capacity
|Draft Up
|Person Capacity
|Draft Down
|Fuel Capacity
|125 gal.
|Air Draft
|Water Capacity
|20 deg.
|Length on Trailer
|Max Headroom
|Height on Trailer
|Bridge Clearance
|7' 11''
|Trailer Weight
|Total Package Weight (Trailer,Boat & Engine)
|Prices, features, designs, and equipment are subject to change. Please see your local dealer or visit the builder's website for the latest information available on this boat model.
|Std. Power
|1x 150-hp Mercury XL
|Tested Power
|1 x 225-hp Mercury Saltwater EFI outboard
|Opt. Power
1x 150-hp Mercury DFI Optimax
1x 200-hp Mercury XL EFI
1x 225-hp Mercury DFI Optimax
1x 225-hp Mercury Four-Stroke
Ready for some offshore fishing.
Both versatile and functional, the 2302 supplies all the important needs of an angler; such as a large cockpit area, a generous live baitwell and a high freeboard.
The 2302 allows you to overnight if needed.
One other notable feature is the excellent non-skid surface that Trophy molds into every deck they build.
Complete intrumentation right at your fingertips.
A large stainless steel captains wheel provides added steering leverage, and the gunwale mounted engine controls by Mercury are close at hand.
Keep plenty of fish in this livewell.
The aft cockpit is rigged strictly for action. Starting with a large re-circulating live baitwell located on the starboard side.
Keep your cold drinks at hand.
The captain and companion seats swivel in addition to adjusting fore and aft.
Convenient Walkthrough
Completing the stage is a rugged transom door with a walkthrough, and numerous rod holders mounted almost everywhere in the cockpit.
Tested By Capt. Bob Smith
I had the opportunity to test some of Trophy's new line up for 2005 recently outside of Knoxville, TN. Once again, the company has produced a great looking fishing rig that should be handy for the family or the pro angler. This one even had a small cabin to get in out of the weather or relax when the fish stop biting.
Trophy has maximized space, yet still delivers the enhanced ride, range and fishability you have come to expect from them. The Trophy Hull System gave us a smooth dry ride and the stability was great.
Up on the Bow
The foredeck is protected by high rails that will keep you aboard but seemed to lack a little muscle. Although you'll find that the walkaround space is outstanding. I can imagine fighting a fish without stubbing my toes easily. The bow had a roller for an anchor and a heavy duty rub rail to protect the finish. All the topside walking surfaces and gunwale tops had aggressive grip texture to help you keep sure footing on board. The extra tall windshield on this model will keep most of the spray and cool wind from entering the cockpit. Our test model also had dual windshield wipers to keep the view clear in the rain.
The floor layout of the 2302 WA.
Comfort at the Helm
The helm had a footrest that was at the perfect height for me at six feet tall. The large wheel should make handling the boat while someone fights a fish simple. Toggle switches and breakers are arranged to the left of the wheel along with a 12 volt socket for portable gear and cell phones. Analog gauges are arranged in an arc above the wheel with a compass centered on the top of the dash.
Our model was outfitted with a NavMan Fish 4500 fishing system with fishfinder and GPS as well as a NavMan VHF radio to stay in touch with your buddies on the other boats. The seats for the helm and navigator are wood-free and ours had removable cushions for easy clean up.
Fishing Features
Our test boat was also outfitted with comfortable combing pads to keep the legs bruise-free. The rear cockpit area offers lots of space for fishing. Our optional hard top had four rocket launcher style rod holders and a fish light mounted across the heavy duty aluminum rail along the back. Two more rod holders are in each gunwale, angled slightly from each other to prevent fouling while trolling. You also have two cup holders in each gunwale for your buddies to keep their cool drinks handy.
A folding bench seat across the stern adds more capacity when you take a larger group out. There is a baitwell in the starboard stern corner and a removable trash bin in the port corner. A three-step boarding ladder makes getting back on board from the water easier after cooling off with a dip.
The cabin offers respite from the weather or the blazing sun, if you can set the rods down long enough. A lockable door keeps things inside safe when stored on the trailer or in a slip. Several can relax inside or at least two can stretch out and nap. Life jackets can be stored in a mesh net in the peak. Our boat had a portable head installed just under the bench on the starboard aft section. In addition, we had a four rod holders mounted above the seat on the starboard side. If you want to serve snacks or play your own game of world class poker, a small table sets up in seconds.
The 2302 Walkaround for 2005 is 23 feet 5 inches in length overall with a beam width of 8 feet 5 inches. Fully rigged on the trailer, she measures 28 feet 1 inch. She weighs 3,832lbs dry and had a fuel capacity of 101 gallons. Her draft requirements are 19 inches with the outboard up and 37 inches with it down.
We tested the 2302 on an inland lake and found her top speed to be 42.1mph powered by a 225hp Mercury Salt Water Series outboard. Her cruise speed was 28.6mph with a full tank range of 333 miles. She was out of the hole in just 3.7 seconds and passing 30mph in only 7.2 seconds.
If you are looking for a 20 something fishing boat that offers amenities for tournament fishing and for a day outing with the family, the new 2302 Walkaround from Trophy should definitely be on your list of boats to test.
|Head: Portable
|Head: Fixed
|Power Steering
|Trim Tabs
|Washdown: Raw Water
|Exterior Features
|Ice Chest
|Outlet: 12-Volt Acc
|Swim Ladder
|Transom Door
|Bimini Top
= Standard = Optional
|Warranties change from time to time. While BoatTEST.com has tried to ensure the most up-to-date warranty offered by each builder, it does not guarantee the accuracies of the information presented below. Please check with the boat builder or your local dealer before you buy any boat.
Full Warranty Information on this brand coming soon!


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In this July 19, 2009, photo, San Francisco Giants catcher Bengie Molina smiles during a baseball game against the Pittsburgh Pirates in Pittsburgh. A person with knowledge of the negotiations says the Giants are set to bring back Molina after agreeing to a one-year contract with the free-agent catcher. The person spoke on condition of anonymity Tuesday, Jan. 19, because the agreement was pending a physical and had not been completed. (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar)


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Marinelli enters the ring for the opening of his trampoline act. Each character he plays has a different persona, this one as a bad boy who taunts the crowd and police officers set to rock music as a fun and upbeat part of the show.
— James Gregg


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A toothache can be very painful and uncomfortable. If you wish to avoid going to the dentist, you can cure it temporarily in some simple ways. Serious dental conditions like cavities and gingivitis may necessitate a visit to the dentist.Mild toothache can be effectively remedied with the following tips. Some of these remedies can be easily done at home.
How To Cure A Tooth Ache
Chew On Some Clove
Clove or 'laung' has numbing properties that help to anesthetize the site of the toothache. I have personally found cloves very effective especially when you are suffering from wisdom tooth pain. Just bite down on the clove from the area, which is causing the pain. This helps to dull and diminish the pain.
Salt Water Gargles
Another way to cure a toothache is to use salt-water gargles. Gargle from the side of the mouth that is causing the toothache. Salt has medicinal properties that help to lessen the pain and relieve tooth irritation.
Baking Soda Rinse
Dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in half a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth with this wash. Baking soda has a base, which helps to counter the harmful acids generated by bacteria in the mouth. Once the acids and bacteria are eliminated your pain will automatically diminish.
Tooth fillings
If a minor cavity is pressing down on the pulp of a tooth, this may lead to toothache. Go to a dentist and get a dental filling put on the affected area. The filling protects the pulp of your tooth and prevents the cavity from penetrating deeper into the tooth. Of course, the filling will have to be done at the initial stage.
Tooth Extraction
A rotted tooth is of no use and will only serve to give you continuous pain and discomfort. Get it extracted from a dentist. The same goes for wisdom teeth. Wisdom teeth are extra teeth and often fight for space. They push against the existing teeth and may cause pain. Several cases of wisdom tooth extraction are done every year to give relief from pain.
Use Specially Formulated Toothpaste
If sensitive teeth are giving you trouble, use specially formulated toothpaste that is meant for tooth sensitivity. This may help to numb the pain for some time.
Keep Teeth And Gums Healthy
Prevention is always better than cure. Follow good oral hygiene by regularly brushing and flossing your teeth. Use a good mouthwash and refrain from eating starchy and sugary foods that give rise to dental caries and cavities.
Take Painkillers
Painkillers prescribed by the dentist may help to relieve the toothache. Take painkillers if the pain becomes unbearable.
Chew On Garlic
Make it a habit to chew on a pod of garlic every day. Garlic acts as a disinfectant and prevents the build up of germs and bacteria in the mouth that cause dental plaque and caries. It is very important to keep your head elevated. This will help to take the pressure of the tooth that is causing the pain and subsequently reduce the pain.


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Relax in Rustic Comfort
Pack up the family and plan a weekend in the wilderness. Several of San Diego County's most scenic and popular parks offer cabin camping with many comforts of home. This is an exciting camping alternative that provides an idyllic setting nestled amongst acres of wilderness.
You can make online reservations or call (877) 565-3600 for personalized service from one of our friendly reservations specialists.
Download the cabin brochure


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A View of the Present State of Ireland
by Edmund Spenser
- #110204 in Fiction & Literature
- #18657 in Nonfiction, History
- #6433 in Nonfiction, Religion & Spirituality, New Age
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Eudoxus: BUT if that country of Ireland whence you lately came, be so goodly and commodious a soyle as you report, I wounder that no course is taken for the tourning therof to good uses, and reducing that salvage nation to better goverment and civillity. Irenius: Mary, so ther have bin divers good plotts devised, and wise counsells cast alredy about reformation of that realme, but they say it is the fatall destiny of that land, that no purposes, whatsoever are meant for her good, wil prosper and take good effect: which, whether it proceede from the very genius of the soyle, or influence of the starrs, or that Almighty god hath not yet appoynted the time of her reformacion, or that he reserveth her in this unquiet state still, for some secret scourge, which shall by her come unto England, it is hard to be knowne, but yet much to be feared. Eudox: Surely I suppose this but a vaine conceipt of simple men, which judge things by ther effects, and not by ther causes; for I would rather thinck the cause of this evel, which hangeth upon that country, to proceede rather upon the unsoundnesse of the counsell, and plotts, which you say have bin oftentimes layd for her reformacon, or of fayntnesse in following and effecting the same, then of any such fatall course or appoyntment of god, as you misdeme; but it is the manner of men, that when they are fallen into any absurdity, or theyre actions succeede not as they would, they are ready alwayes to impute the blame therof unto the heavens, so to excuse ther own folly and imperfections: so have I also heard it often wished, (even of some whos great wisedome in [my] opinion should seme to judg more soundly of so weighty a consideracon) that all that land weare a sea-poole; which kind of speach, is the manner rather of desperate men far driven, to wish the utter ruine of that which they cannot redresse, then of grave counsellors, which ought to thinck nothing so hard, but that through wisdome it may be maistered and subdued; since the poet sayth, that the wiseman shall rule even over the starrs, much more over the earth: for were it not the part of a desperate physition to wish his diseased patient dead, rather then to imploy the best indevours of his skill for his recovery: but since we are so far entred, let us I pray you, devise of those evills, by which that country is held in this wretched case, that it cannot, as you say, be recured. And if it be not painfull to you, to tell us what things during your late continuance ther, you observed, to be most offensive, and impeachfull unto the good rule and government therof. Iren: Surely, Eudox., the evills which you desire to be recounted are very many, and almost countable with those which were hidden in the basket of Pandora: but since you so please, I will out of that infinit number, reckone but some that are most capitall, and commonly occurrent both in the life and condicions of private men, and also in the manage of publique affaires and pollicie
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Photos: High school football in Frisco, Prosper, Little Elm
Photo: Stewart F. House/Special Contributor
Frisco Centennial High School running back Kamari Burnett (22) was met in the air by McKinney North High School linebacker Caleb Huffer (20), but Burnett was able to get into the end zone anyway for a touchdown at Frisco ISD Memorial Stadium on Sept. 13. Centennial won 43-27.
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A Portland landmark has gotten on the list of "American's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places."
The Abyssinian Meeting House is the nation's third-oldest standing African-American meeting house. The church, which was built in 1828, had members and preachers involved in the Underground Railroad movement.
The public awareness of being put on the list could help raise money needed to repair the building.
"It is estimated $3 million needs to be raised for restoration, staffing, programming and long-term maintenance. As you all know, saving history is a shared responsibility and it takes a coalition of partners, founders and concerned individuals to protect the irreplaceable," Brent Leggs if the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
The building has undergone renovation and restoration after the Committee to Restore the Abyssinian bought it from the city in 1998.


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The following procedures and services are offered in the Center for Reconstructive Surgery:
- TRAM flap and free flap breast reconstruction procedures
- Reconstruction of defects in the face, trunk and extremities
- Management of complex wounds
- Lymphedema surgery
MD Anderson Resources
Contact Us
Appointments available
Questions? Need help?
Call askMDAnderson


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Men's adidas Predator Training Pants
Attack the competition in these Men's adidas Predator Training Pants. With CLIMAlite moisture-wicking technology and tapered fit with ankle zips, these training pants keep you cool and comfy. Two side pockets means a place to stash essentials on the go, while the interior drawcord lets you customize the fit to you. The adidas Three Stripes logo is displayed on the left cuff for that additional athletic styling so you can sport these from the field to the gym to hanging out with friends.
- FABRIC: Polyester
- FIT: Athletic
- CARE: Machine wash


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Rush Limbaugh is an interesting character. As the outspoken voice of the conservative movement, Limbaugh has countless supporters and an equal number of opponents. And when Limbaugh says something, it becomes news.
That simply is the power he commands.
Well, Limbaugh got into hot water last week with his characterization of a college student as a "slut" and a "prostitute."
There's tons of background information needed to portray the full story. But it takes far too much time to go into the background of the "student."
Let's just acknowledge - as Limbaugh did publicly - that his wording was a mistake. For that, he apologized numerous times.
But the fallout from the inappropriate wording has turned into just more political mileage for the Democrats.
And that fairly well describes the sorry state of politics in this country.
No sooner had the words left his mouth than the Democratic party machine kicked into high gear.
Sen. Claire McCaskill fashioned a fundraising letter based on the comments. And several Democratic party candidates in Missouri joined in to raise funds from Limbaugh's words.
Now, Gov. Jay Nixon weighs into the brouhaha.
Before the firestorm struck, House Speaker Steve Tilley (R-Perryville) had nominated Limbaugh for inclusion in the Hall of Famous Missourians.
It is the Speaker's role to make such nominations and to install a bust of the recipient in the Missouri Capitol - funded with private money.
This process has always been the same.
But seeking to take political advantage from the incident, Nixon, McCaskill and countless others have seen an opportunity.
It's impossible to argue that Rush Limbaugh is not an appropriate member to the Hall of Famous Missourians.
His radio broadcasting career has been second to none. He holds great respect in conservative circles and his audience of 15 million daily listeners makes him - famous.
If you want only those without warts for induction into the Hall, then the list would be very, very small. There are some already included who could not stand the scrutiny of today's current political scene.
It's sad that Limbaugh made comments that crossed the line.
But it's even sadder that political opponents seek to gain financially from the incident.


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Site Navigation
You can find New Zealand's award wining* premium 42 Below Vodka in its pure form as well as hinted offspring 42 BELOW Kiwifruit and 42 BELOW Manuka Honey in the following liquor stores in the Los Angeles Area:
Liquid Party Works, 10100 Topanga Canyon Blvd, Chatsworth, CA 91311, Ph: 1-818-709-5019.
Fireside Cellars, 1421 Montana Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90403, Ph: 1-310-393-2888 / 1-800-737-1972 Fax: 1-310-458-4360.
The Wine Exchange, 2368 N. Orangemall, Orange, CA 92865, Ph: 1-800-76-WINEX / 1-714-974-1454 Fax: 1-714-974-1792
The Venice Whaler, 2-10 Washington Boulevard, Venice, CA 90292, Ph: 310-821-8737 Fax: 310-821-6471 is Kiwi owned and offers Kiwi sports coverage on the big screen as well as serving New Zealand Seafood. It is situated right on Venice foreshore.
Turner New Zealand, 650 Anton Boulevard, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, is an upscale Orange County restuarant serving New Zealand Cuisine and supplying New Zealand Products. www.turnernewzealand.com
Kiwi Green initiates environmentally friendly projects. Kiwi Green Certified recognizes businesses' commitment to use environmentally friendly cleaning products and also provides access to a range of the highest quality products. Kiwi Green Regeneration, a tree planting project, offers the opportunity for local and overseas visitors to offset their carbon footprint.
The South online shop and wine club, offering exclusively New Zealand + Australian food and wine is now online! Click here for more information. Opening soon in Los Angeles, more...
Have access to some original kiwi treats! www.purenzdesign.co.nz a virtual place to buy crafty NZ designed products. If kiwis in LA are looking for a little reminder of home they can shop at my online store.
Generous sponsor of Kiwis in LA
Unique New Zealand Designs specializes in fine quality, distinctly New Zealand fabric giftware. Their exclusive range of wareable art and fabric homeware by artist Jill Main includes stunning purses, bags, scarves, ponchos, wraps, throws, blankets and cushions. Each range reflects the natural beauty and special character that can only be found in New Zealand. To order, please contact:
Phone: 877.722.8463 or Fax: 949.855.4327
Email: email@example.com
Mail: 23086 Terra Drive, Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Orange County: The Harp Inn
130 E. 17th Street. Costa Mesa, CA 92627
Ph: 949-646-8855
A reliable O.C. sport provider
The Valley: The Springbok Rugby Bar & Grill
16153 Victory Blvd, Van Nuys, CA 91316 A new bar in the valley (Opening day Sept 16!) convenient to the 405-101 interchange, if there is such a thing!
Westside: The Cock 'n' Bull
2947 Lincoln Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 40405.
Ph: 310-399-9696
Westside: The Venice Whaler
2-10 Washington Boulevard, Venice, CA 90292
Ph: 310-821-8737
If you have a secret source or a suggestion for this page, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Finding Job-Hunting Help with Recruiters and Agencies
When you're searching for a job, you might consider getting some help from recruiters (headhunters) or employment agencies. Headhunters and employment agencies aren't right for everyone's job search, and you probably don't need both.
If you're hunting for a job for which you have previous experience, consider contacting recruiters. Don't consider a recruiter who asks you for money — the employer should pay the fee. To find appropriate recruiters, call the human resources department of a target employer and say, "I'm looking to submit my resume to a recruiter for a (insert type of job) position. When you use a recruiter to find that type of employee, who do you use?" You may also consult a searchable online directory of recruiters, like the one from SearchFirm.com.
If you're looking for an entry-level position or are changing careers, forget about headhunters. You may, however, contact a few employment agencies. The difference between agencies and headhunters is that agencies generally focus on lower-level positions, especially temporary ones. Look in your Yellow Pages to find on-target agencies. Again, if an agency asks you for money, hang up. The employer should pay the agency.
Unlike cover letters you send to possible employers, when writing to an employment agency or headhunter, include your salary requirement. State it as a range, such as "$58,000 to $68,000, depending on the nature of the position."
Also tell the agency or headhunter that you don't want your resume sent to an employer without your permission. Otherwise, the recruiter could blast your resume to ten zillion employers and demand a hefty commission from the one who hires you. That could add $20,000 to the employer's cost of hiring you. That's often enough to make the employer move on to another candidate.


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Kleiner Perkins' Ted Schlein on the Cybercrime Arms Race
Thousands of people will descend on San Francisco on Monday for RSA's security conference (despite allegations that RSA accepted $10 million from the NSA to enable a backdoor in its encryption software so the NSA could monitor data).
Among those attending will be Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers General Partner Ted Schlein, a former executive at Symantec Corp., who has been investing in security companies at Kleiner Perkins for nearly 20 years.
One of Mr. Schlein's portfolio companies, Shape Security, is raising a new funding round for shape-shifting technology that aim to outwit hackers by turning some of their techniques (such as malware that changes to evade anti-virus software) against them.
He spoke with Venture Capital Dispatch about the arms race between the good guys and the bad guys as the sophistication of cybercrime continues to grow.
Q: There will be hundreds of security companies at the RSA conference. What are some of the interesting trends to keep an eye on?
A: I think Shape is a good example of using a brand new weapon on an old attack versus updating an existing weapon.
That's why FireEye (which went public in September and has a market cap of more than $8.3 billion) is possible. They figured out a way to detonate Advanced Persistent Threats on the network on a virtual machine. No one had done that before–everybody was trying to keep attacks out of the network. It's a fool's errand.
People are starting to realize that network security does not work as well as we thought. That's what leads to the fight for the endpoint–how people protect endpoints will be completely different than over the last two or three decades.
We have a very good understanding that signature-based protection doesn't work, and we've moved to behavioral-based protection.
Q: So changes in how we secure devices that connect to the network is one area to watch. Any others?
A: I think there's a huge issue around global 2000 companies needing to scale to meet the cyber threat. They can't hire enough smart people or deploy enough technology to fight the bad guys…
Crowdsourced threat intelligence or vulnerability analysis is an idea that's going to be used by a lot of other parties to help us solve our problems because we ourselves can't afford to do that.
AlienVault, the open threat exchange which is crowdsourcing the threats, is brilliant. Rather than buy a threat feed, you get it from the universe. It's the closest you'll get to real-time threat detection.
We're working on Synack, which has the ability to take the world's greatest white hat hackers and apply them to your company's security risk assessment with an automated platform. You could never afford to get that talent inside a company, but you could rent them–point your skills at me and let me see what you can find, and then contract to do that on an ongoing basis.
Synack sits between the white hats and the global 2000…The good guys are as smart as the bad guys, and it's more lucrative to be a bad guy, so we want to make it reasonably lucrative to be a good guy.
Q: Anything else?
A: People are finally going to realize that you've got to protect what the bad guys are interested in, and that's data. A data-centric approach to how to protect the cloud makes far more sense than saying no one can come through this wall. The cloud by definition is a highly distributed environment with all these different access points, and you want these access points to be highly distributed.
You'll see full-scale encryption of data in the cloud, encryption to the end point, and it will be a highly authenticated endpoint that will know who you say you are (in multiple ways) and do things that will eliminate a lot of layers.
You'll see the natures and insidiousness of threats change, and the ramifications of breaches getting worse. Twenty years ago a breach was mostly an operational problem and might cost money, and today a breach is a strategic issue that might be catastrophic.
That's a big change, and it's woken everybody up to spend more money and pay more attention, once again on both sides. So the rat race will not change, but I think it's getting better, and for good reason.
Write to Deborah Gage at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow her on Twitter at @deborahgage


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Come cheer on the U.S. Ski Team and kick-off the 2015/16 ski season with the largest pep rally on snow. We'll be wishing lots of success to the U.S. Ski Team for their 2015/16 competitions.
The U.S. Ski Team Speed Center at Copper Mountain is the only full-length downhill training venue in the world available early season, and it's open for training early November.
The U.S Alpine Ski Team (2015-2016) will be announced this year at Copper Mountain on Saturday, November 21st. In addition to this, Copper Mountain is excited to re-introduce NASTAR pacesetting for courses across the country by USST athletes. Join us for the largest pep rally on-snow and afterwards head inside the conference center for athlete autographs, après and live music.
Schedule of events
8:30am - 12:30pm NASTAR Pacesetting (Lower Bouncer)11:00am – 3:00pm First Tracks Festival (Burning Stones Plaza)1:30pm US Alpine Ski Team Naming (Burning Stones Plaza)3:00pm - 5:00pm Athlete Autograph Signing (Bighorn B – Copper Conference Center)3:00pm – 5:00pm Après Reception (Kokopelli's Trail)
For more information on available parking during this event, click here.
Copper offers lodging to suit your specific needs. Whether you're look for a house or hotel style, we've got you covered. For more information on Copper Lodging click here.
Please enter your trip details below.
Copper Is Open For The Summer!Come out for great summer of events, music and activities!


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Finding a safe and environmentally friendly place to dispose of your electronics can sometimes be pretty difficult.
But one major office supply company is changing that.
Recycling your computer, cell phone or PDA is now as easy as stopping by your neighborhood Staples store.
The goal is to make it as convenient and simple for you as possible and hopefully protect the environment in the process.
It's always fun to buy a new piece of electronic equipment. There are all the new features to play with and of course, it's nice to have something new.
But what do you do with the old equipment the new one is replacing?
Hopefully you recycle it.
"We're offering this service to make it easy on our community and our customers," Augusta Staples General Manager Brad Duncan said.
The office supply store Staples is helping you do just that.
Staples is the first national retailer to offer customers every day in-store recycling for computers.
"The reason we're doing it is because a number of everyday folks are very frustrated with trying to dispose of their electronics," Duncan said.
The major pieces of your computer will go in sealed bags and the contents of the hard drive will be erased.
The recycling company will come, pick it up and dispose of it.
All you have to do is bring it in and pay a very small fee.
But that's not all the Staples will help you get rid of.
Just last year, customers brought in more than 17,000,000 ink and toner cartridges
Stores will even accept cell phones, PDAs and many other types of electronics.
"We're just doing our part to keep the world green and being environmentally friendly," Duncan said.
You can bring in all the parts of the computer, be it the printer, keyboard, monitor, and even the mouse.
The fee is just $10. That money helps with the cost of the recycling.
Just head over to the Staples stores in Aiken or Augusta and they'll be waiting on you and your computer.


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HAYWARD -- Nine unlicensed contractors were busted in a sting this week after submitting illegal home improvement bids, state investigators said.
The operation was conducted Wednesday by investigators posing as owners of a house in Hayward. The nine people cited had advertised online, on fliers and in local publications without listing a contractor license number that is required by law in every ad, said Steve Breen of the Contractors State License Board.
The sting was one of scores that board investigators conduct each year.
"Our investigators look around the house and come up with a laundry list of projects," he said. "They call those people and invite them to come to a sting house, which is typically a commercial building or a private residence that somebody has offered for the sting."
Of the 10 people who showed up to the Hayward house, nine submitted written bids and were cited, Breen said. The lone person who did not bid apparently had a good reason.
"He had been cited at a July sting operation in Contra Costa County and recognized the investigators and backed out," Breen said.
It's not unusual for contractors to continue operating illegally even after being cited, he said.
"We'll do a sting operation in Fremont, for example, and then a few months later one in Hayward, and the same people show up," Breen said.
The nine cited Wednesday -- from Hayward, Fremont, Oakland, Suisun and Citrus Heights -- face misdemeanor charges of contracting without a license, which carries a penalty of up to six months in jail and up to $5,000 if convicted, and of illegal advertising. They are scheduled to appear in court in Hayward on Jan. 13.
Before hiring a contractor, consumers should check the license out by going to www.cslb.ca.gov or calling 1-800-321-2757, Breen said.
"Consumers should always get at least three bids and check all those people out on our website," Breen said. "It's super-easy, and it behooves them. It pays to spend a few minutes beforehand instead of paying thousands of dollars for substandard work. If they're licensed, you can feel safe that they have gone through training."
Workers can perform jobs valued at less than $500, but the ads must state they are not licensed contractors. The penalty is a fine of $700 to $1,000.
The Contractors State License Board conducts about one sting a week throughout the state, with blitzes in the spring and fall, when they cite an average of 80 to 100 contractors. Investigators often get assistance from the local district attorney's office or the sheriff's department, he said.
"These stings can turn up people who have pretty unsavory records. Some are parolees; some have active warrants," he said. "You're really taking your chances if you hire an unlicensed contractor."
Contact Rebecca Parr at 510-293-2473 or follow her at Twitter.com/rdparr1.


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Rock River Tap No Longer Feels Alone
Bob Carpenter owner of The Rock River Tap found RO.com's discussion forum a great place to gain insight into the challenges and successes of the business, what will help and what won't.
Thanks to RestaurantOwner.com, Bob Carpenter, the owner of The Rock River Tap in Horicon, WI, no longer feels alone.
"I appreciate and use a lot of spreadsheets from the site," Carpenter notes, "but the biggest thing I get out of the site is the fact that I am not alone in the challenges and successes of the business. Sometimes a person gets so overwhelmed it the running of the business and is ready to give up, but then logs on to RO.com and knows that other people are going through it and all of us will survive. By reading the forum, I gain insight into what will help me and what won't." He also values the practical operations help. "For the price of four beers a month, I can get much better knowledge looking over this site."
The 120-seat tavern dates back to the 1930s, but has been owned by Carpenter since 1989. A greater emphasis on food -- homemade pizzas, roasted chicken, sandwiches, and the signature fish fries - has helped bring annual sales to about $425,000, built on an average per-person dinner check of $14 to $15. Additional seating is available on 400-sq.-ft. deck overlooking the Rock River.
Circumstances have led to tough times for Carpenter. In the wake of a second expansion in 2008, the municipality decided to tear up the highway that runs through town. "It pretty much shut the town down for a year. And then after that the economy went down, so I'm struggling to get back on my feet. I've had years where I worked 30 hours a week, and I'm working more than that now."
Thus, the psychological dimension is not to be minimized; indeed, operators from around the country routinely travel great distances to association conventions just to share these types of war stories and draw succor from others' travails.
"Sometimes you just think that you are failing, that things aren't going right," Carpenter confesses. "But this tells me it's not something I'm doing personally; it's just the way the economy is right now, or society. A lot of people are going through it, but they are working through it and finding a way to make it work. That gives me the strength to go on. I like that it's not me that's going through the struggle alone."
Savings on food cost, of course, have been welcome, as well. "By far," he says, "the biggest thing I've done has been the menu costing spreadsheet. It really let me know what my food costs are on my menu.
Those savings, he says, have been undeniable. "I know that before I started using that spreadsheet I had a lot of food costs that were in the 60% to 70% range. When we originally costed them out they were at 40% or whatever, but as time passes this item goes up, and this item goes up, and this item goes up. We never used to price out each individual piece that goes into a menu item, but this changes the cost on all your food items (at the same time) so you can see what your overall food costs are."


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Table of Contents - 2000 - Volume 91, Issue 1-2 (Fourth Hutton Symposium: The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks)
a1 R. J. Pankhurst, British Antarctic Survey, c/o NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, U.K.
a2 C. W. Rapela, Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 644 Calle No. 1, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
a3 C. M. Fanning, Prise, Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 01201, Australia
ABSTRACT: Three granitoid types are recognised in the Famatinian magmatic belt of NW Argentina, based on lithology and new geochemical data: (a) a minor trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite (TTG) group, (b) a metaluminous I-type gabbro-monzogranite suite, and (c) S-type granites. The latter occur as small cordieritic intrusions associated with 1-type granodiorites and as abundant cordierite-bearing facies in large batholithic masses. Twelve new SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages establish the contemporaneity of all three types in Early Ordovician times (mainly 470-490 Ma ago). Sr- and Nd-isotopic data suggest that, apart from some TTG plutons of asthenospheric origin, the remaining magmas were derived from a Proterozoic crust-lithospheric mantle section. Trace element modelling suggests that the TTG originated by variable melting of a depleted gabbroid source at 10-12kbar, and the I-type tonalite-granodiorite suite by melting of a more enriched lithospheric source at c. 5 kbar. The voluminous intermediate and acidic I-types involved hybridisation with lower and middle crustal melts. The highly peraluminous S-type granites have isotopic and inherited zircon patterns similar to those of Cambrian supracrustal metasedimentary rocks deposited in the Pampean cycle, and were derived from them by local anatexis. Other major components of the S-type batholiths involved melting of deep crust and mixing with the I-type magmas, leading to an isotopic and geochemical continuum.
(Received February 24 2000)
(Accepted June 07 2000)


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A stalwart at No. 1 singles for the Avengers for three years, Patel led his team to the quarterfinals in their first season in Division I. He prefers the baseline and can pound away all day from the back. He compiled a 9-3 record during the regular season and reached the quarterfinals of the state tournament. He lost to Corey DiPaola of Lincoln.
Location, ST | website.com


text: From a store that specializes in zombies, so they say, comes this zombie journal. No two are alike, and heavily illustrated with all kinds of fun things, ranging from medical texts to facts from a 1946 almanac, this is a way better gift than a standard colored moleskine. Write your zombie escape plans inside. 9.00 from Life's An Expedition.


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There are many ways to increase your knowledge and appreciation of fine wines. Here we present the "Rules of Thumb," along with another basic of understanding how to best match food and wines: learning the qualities and differences of the major grape varietals, and how these characteristics are (or ought to be) expressed in the production of wines. Here you will see why some wines are more suited to certain types of food than others.
Rules of Thumb
The matching of the ideal wine with your meal has become a subject of much interest today. In the past, those who lived in wine-producing regions simply drank the local wine with the local food. And for good reason, as food and wine styles in any given region typically complement each other.
The strong but subtle flavors of Italian food seem to be enhanced when served with the right Italian wine. Good French wines have a finesse that complements the elegance of French cuisine; and Australian wines, which are far too fruity to match well with French or Italian dishes, come alive with a simple steak on the "Barbi."
How boring it would be, though, to only drink wines in this manner. What, if anything, should guide our wine and food pairings?
There have always been the basic rules: red wine with red meat, white wine with fish and white meat. These still largely apply, but they are by no means binding.
To find the perfect wine with every dish, however, would require specifying individual producers, particular vintages, and other information that would make the task a difficult one at best.
Instead we suggest a broader approach -- match not only the flavor of the wine to the flavor of the food, but also the weight or body of the wine to the intensity of flavor in the food. A heavy (high in alcohol) wine will not suit a delicate dish. Match the acidity of a dish to the acidity of the wine. Lemon and tomato dishes need acidity in the wine. Richness in a dish can either be cut through with an acidic wine, or matched with a rich one. In either case, the wine should be full in flavor and not taste lean.
Consider sweetness when pairing wines with food. Sweet food makes dry wine taste lean and acidic. There's a great deal of sense in the old rule of "White wine before red, young wine before old, and light wine before heavy." The palate adjusts easily to wines served in this order. Again, this is only a guideline, but a vigorous red wine will not show to best advantage when served after a rich late harvest white, for example.
If a dish has a sauce, then the flavors of the sauce should be considered. Red wine is traditionally drunk with cheese, but actually a white is generally better. Blue cheeses, in particular, are poor matches for reds, except port.
Certain foods have a great affinity for particular grapes, e.g., lamb with Cabernet. Often, Cabernet is best with plainly roasted meats and Pinot Noir is best with sauced meats.
Contrary to the old adage that white wine should always be served with fish, the red grapes, Pinot Noir and Gamay, go great with certain types of fish, such as salmon.
The final say is your own palate. If you like Chardonnay with cheeseburgers - just go for it and enjoy!
Grape Varietal Characteristics
First of all, it is important to note that even though climates, soil conditions, and vinification techniques differ among the many appellations, varietal wines always display certain qualities inherent in the grape's make-up.
Here we will address several classic grape varieties:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Generally makes rich wines with multiple layers of fruit flavors (black currants, cassis, some chocolate and spice) and smooth but firm tannic structure. Acidity is moderate; Body can be moderate to full.
Makes soft, round, drinkable wines with low acidity and generous flavors of plum, blueberry, and cherry along with a pleasantly chalky texture.
Pinot Noir
Makes ruby colored, velvety rich wines, w/modest tannins; high in glycerin ("velvet") with a lively acidic backbone that gives length and focus to flavors of raspberries, cherries and smoke.
Makes great and age-worthy wines with low to moderate acidity; aromas and flavors of prunes/raisins, raspberries and black pepper. Australian Shiraz tend to be more fruity and less acidic than French Syrah.
Makes medium to full bodied, low to moderate acidic wines; Tannin structure ranges from moderate to substantial (typically in "Old Vine" Zins); Aromas and flavors of blackberry jam and black pepper (red) and strawberries (white (sweet) Zin).
(Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Gamay, Granache & other reds coming soon!).
Makes moderate to high acidic (brilliant/clean/crisp), light to moderate bodied wines; Flavors/aromas vary greatly by region; vanilla, tropical fruits, apple, pear, toast, nuts, butter, oak, minerals.
Sauvignon Blanc.
Makes bright, crisp acidic wines with medium body; Cut grass, herbal and lemon flavors, some oak. Bordeaux (Graves) produces the finest (New Zealand's on the rise).
Chenin Blanc.
Makes very high acidic, light to medium bodied; Flavors are restrained fruit; Made dry or semi-dry to balance the high acidity (Vouvray); Also makes melon, honeyed dessert wines.
Pinot Grigio/Gris.
Makes simple, medium bodied, well structured, acidic wines with somewhat muddled aromas and flavors.
Makes light, (medium to heavy for Dessert), moderate to high acidic, wines with flavors of apricots, grapefruit, peaches and flowers.
(Gewürztraminer, Pinot Blanc, Semillon, Viognier coming soon.)


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- Overview
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- Reviews
Travel Trac Comp Fluid TrainerThe faster you pedal, the harder it gets. The Travel Trac Comp Fluid Trainer uses progressive fluid resistance to give you a great workout. Progressive resistance increases as you increase speed, simulating a true road-like feel. Internal disc spins in fluid for smooth, quiet and affordable performance.
- Fluid resistance produces progressive resistance for a smooth, quiet, road-like feel
- External flywheel facilitates smooth and efficient pedaling action
- Wide, stable base provides solid performance during hard efforts
- Easy setup -- no assembly required
- Frame folds compactly for storage or transport
- Accommodates most road and mountain bikes
- Includes a rear quick release skewer to ensure proper bike fit
Travel Trac Comp Fluid Trainer
- adjustments:
- None - Progressive Resistance
- folding:
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- skewer included:
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- wheel sizes:
- 24", 26", 27" and 700c Wheels
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Markdown Madness: Event dates are 8/25/16 – 9/5/16 only. Offer is valid in-store, online at PerformanceBike.com or by phone at 1-800-727-2453. Online, percent discount is taken at checkout. Discounts apply only to specified categories and/ or brands as noted. All bikes are priced as marked. Promotion excludes taxes, gift cards / eGift cards, Spin Doctor Services / Service Plans, Team Performance® memberships/renewals, paid training fees, and shipping and handling on web/phone orders. Some brand and/or item exclusions may apply – visit Terms and Conditions for details. Promotion cannot be combined with any other promotions and cannot be applied to previous purchases. Sorry, no rain checks. Photographic, typographic and pricing errors are unintentional and subject to change.


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Innocent Until Proven Quilty: Getting it together.
Hot off the heels of last week's MARVELOUS Loch Lomond Quilt Show, I've got all fired up and I am ready to QUILT. Lets face it, a homemade patchwork quilt makes a house a home. And I am into home in a major way. If it goes well, this could be an air loom passed down through the generations. If it goes badly, you'll have the kitchest and comfiest dog basket in town. Respect the dog.
The design we're rolling with is one made with simple 5" square patches. I'm making mine for a double bed (perhaps I'm biting off more than I can chew) but you can adapt yours for any size you like.
Though I've picked up tips from friends, I'm no quilting expert so we're all learning together here. It's going to be a beautiful journey. But if you have any queries or emotional breakdowns along the way then DO NOT HESITATE to get in touch. If I don't know the answer, I know a gal who does.
Now comes the shopping bit. My favourite bit. We'll be starting the project in a couple of weeks so you've got a good few days to get your shiz together. If you're Glasgow based you can find everything you need under the glorious roof of Mandors.
You will need:
To measure up what you need – for a cot the standard quilt size is 45" x 60" (so that will be 108 squares (9×12)), for a single bed it's 65" x 85" (221 squares -13×17), for a double bed it's 90" x 90" (234 squares – 18×18) or king it's 90″ x 110″ (396 squares – 22×18 – a lot of squares)
Lovely quilting fabrics – as many or as few different colours/patterns as you like. Cottons are generally a safe bet and try to go for ones of a similar weight. If you (like me) have completely disregarded this advice then for any of your more lightweight/sheer fabrics, get an equal amount of interfacing too to make them more robust. I'm making mine for a double bed in a nursery room so have gone for fresh bright colours and some funky patterns to keep it nice and lively.
Sheeting – a big piece of fabric, patterned or plain, to become the back of your quilt.
Binding – a piece of fabric, cotton is fine, that equates to enough for a couple of inches border around the whole quilt.
Wadding – a piece that will be big enough to cover the whole quilt. Get whatever tog you like, it comes in lots of different thicknesses.
Thread – go for something good and strong. Guterman is usually a pretty safe bet. And go for it in colour that just kind of generally goes ok with all the fabrics you've picked – I've gone for a pale blue. I'm sure that will do just fine.
Pins – A heck of a lot of them. Big ones.
Useful extras – make this whole quilting thing A LOT easier:
A rotary blade – watch your fingers
A quilting square/ruler – saves stacks of time when used with the blade
A cutting mat – so you don't mall your table
A sewing machine – if you don't want to be making this quilt for the next 45 years. I'm just using my cranky old Singer, nothing fancy, so chances are if you can borrow one off your nan or your next-door neighbour, it'll do the job just grand.
If you're lacking clarity on the design/colour combinations front, head to some of your favourite homey websites for some inspiration – there is a great selection at notonthehighstreet.com (click HERE). Alternatively you could just look around yourself at all the fresh springy and summery colours – that sounds much more wholesome. Right. Get all that sorted and I'll meet you here in a couple of weeks to get started! I can barely contain the excitement.


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Articles on this page are available in 1 other language: Spanish (1) (learn more)
Brief Summary
The macaroni penguin is found on the edge of Antarctica and Sub-Antarctic islands south of the Americas and Africa. Large populations of this penguin can also be found in Chile, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Shetland Islands, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, and McDonald Islands.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native ); antarctica (Native )
- Stonehouse, B. 1975. The Biology of Penguins. London: The MacMillan Press LTD..
Range Description
Previously, the global population had been estimated at c.9 million pairs (Woehler 1993, Ellis et al. 1998). The South Georgia and Bouvet populations probably increased substantially in the 1960s and early 1970s, but have subsequently decreased. At South Georgia, c.5 million pairs were estimated in the 1980s, falling to c.2.7 million pairs in the mid 1990s and to <1 million pairs in 2002 (Crossin et al. 2013). Volcanic activity eliminated a colony of c.1 million pairs on McDonald Island, although satellite images show unidentified penguins that may be recolonising individuals of this species (Crossin et al. 2013). Surveys on Heard Island (c.1 million pairs) suggest a decrease owing to losses in some smaller colonies. The population at Marion has decreased by over 30% from 434,000 pairs in 1994-1995 to 290,000 pairs in 2008-2009 (Crawford et al. 2009), and 267,000 pairs in 2012-2013 (Dyer and Crawford in press). However, populations on Kerguelen increased by c.1% per annum between 1962 and 1985, and subsequent data from 1998 indicated that colonies were stable or increasing (H. Weimerskirch per T. Micol in litt. 1999). Populations in South America may be stable but data are few.
Satellite tracking of individuals during winter revealed that individuals from Kerguelen spent most of their time in a previously unrecognised foraging area, i.e. a narrow latitudinal band (47-49 degrees S) within the central Indian Ocean (70-110 degrees E), corresponding oceanographically to the Polar Frontal Zone (Bost et al. 2009).
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Physical Description
The Macaroni penguin is a medium-sized bird that stands about 71 centimeters tall and weighs between 5 to 6 kg. Females are usually smaller than males. Males and females are monomorphic. They have orange, yellow, and black crests that join on the top of the head. This penguin has a red bill, and the chin, face and under the throat have solid black feathers.
Range mass: 5000 to 6000 g.
Average wingspan: 71 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Macaroni penguins live in Antarctica in rocky, water-bound areas, on rocks and cliffs above the ocean.
Habitat Regions: polar ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: icecap
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
- Marine
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 18972 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 0
Temperature range (°C): -1.348 - 9.431
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.487 - 27.676
Salinity (PPS): 33.189 - 34.140
Oxygen (ml/l): 6.384 - 8.152
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.938 - 1.987
Silicate (umol/l): 1.978 - 89.471
Graphical representation
Temperature range (°C): -1.348 - 9.431
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.487 - 27.676
Salinity (PPS): 33.189 - 34.140
Oxygen (ml/l): 6.384 - 8.152
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.938 - 1.987
Silicate (umol/l): 1.978 - 89.471
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Trophic Strategy
Macaroni penguins live almost entirely on krill (Euphasiidae) supplemented with up to five percent squid. They also eat some fish and amphipod crustaceans (Amphipoda). Recently it was discovered that some populations travel long distances to feed on populations of subantarctic krill and the crustacean, Parathemisto gauchidaudii, in the Indian ocean. Macaroni penguins fast for up to forty days during the breeding season.
Animal Foods: fish; aquatic crustaceans
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats non-insect arthropods)
- Burham, P., B. Burham. 1996. "Macaroni Penguin-Eudyptes Chrysolophus" (On-line). Accessed January 23, 2001 at http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barhan/mac.html.
- Viegas, J. 2009. "Penguins' Secret Ocean Food Stash Found" (On-line). Discovery News. Accessed May 12, 2009 at http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/05/13/macaroni-penguins.html.
Primary predators of macaroni penguins in the water are killer whales (Orca orcinus) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). In colonies, skuas (Stercorariidae) prey on macaroni penguin nestlings and other weak individuals. As are most penguins, macaroni penguins are counter-shaded in the water, making them difficult to see. They use their agile swimming abilities, vision, and association with other macaroni penguins to be vigilant to predators and avoid capture in the water.
Known Predators:
- killer whales (Orca orcinus)
- leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx)
- skuas (Stercorariidae)
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Life History and Behavior
Breeding Category
Although very near-sighted on land, penguins have exceptional vision in the water. Their eyes, like the many sea animals, are attuned to the colors of the sea. This excellent vision is needed to avoid predation by leopard seals and killer whales, which are their primary predators in the ocean. On land their main predator is the skua (a large bird) which snatches penguin's chicks from nests. The penguin communicates by complex ritual behaviors such as head and flipper waving, calling, bowing, gesturing and preening. Courtship and mating rituals include so called "ecstatic displays" where a bird, typically an unattached male, pumps his chest several times with his head stretched upwards and with flippers stretched outwards, projects a harsh loud braying sound. This can result in a mass trumpeting by other males, which is believed to help synchronize the breeding cycle.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Macaroni penguins usually breed in the sub-Atlantic. Adults arrive to breed late in October, laying their eggs in early November. Macaroni penguin nests are made from scrapes found in mud or gravel among rocks. Macaroni penguins may assemble by the millions in their massive rookeries and can be smelled as far as 5-6 miles offshore. Macaroni penguins are atypical in that the first egg of the breeding season is much smaller and less likely to develop than the second egg. Two eggs are laid with only one chick usually being reared. Incubation is shared by both parents in long shifts. Eggs hatch after 33 to 37 days. The male broods and guards the chicks for 23 to 25 days while the females bring food daily. Chicks then gather into small creches and are fed every 1 to 2 days until they are ready to leave and go to sea (60 to 70 days old). Macaroni penguins leave their breeding colony by April or May.
Breeding interval: Macaroni penguins breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Adults arrive to breed late in October, laying their eggs in early November.
Average eggs per season: 2.
Range time to hatching: 33 to 37 days.
Range time to independence: 60 to 70 days.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
- Ainley, D., R. LeResche, W. Sladen. 1983. Breeding Biology of the Adélie Penguin. London, England: University of California Press,Ltd..
- Stonehouse, B. 1975. The Biology of Penguins. London: The MacMillan Press LTD..
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Eudyptes chrysolophus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Eudyptes chrysolophus
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
Macaroni penguin population status is stable and increasing. They are among the most numerous penguin species in the world with a population of approximately 9 million. They are vulnerable to changes in the environment such as pollution, fishing, and global warming. Humans are the biggest threat to these penguins due to the overfishing of krill and other small invertebrates that they feed on.
US Migratory Bird Act: no special status
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix i
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
- Werderits, . March 10, 1999. "The Macaroni Penguin" (On-line). Accessed March 14, 2001 at http://ucte.calpoly.edu/courses/gallery/480/FinalProjects.CS/Penguins/penguin_types/macaroni.html.
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
- 2012Vulnerable
Population Trend
Conservation Actions
Long-term monitoring programmes are in place at several breeding colonies (Ellis et al. 1998). Most breeding islands are protected as reserves of various kinds and Heard and McDonald Islands are a World Heritage Site. Conservation Actions Proposed
Survey or resurvey all main breeding populations at major breeding sites, and research its distribution outside breeding season. Maintain monitoring programmes at selected sites. Conduct research into its demography, reproductive performance and foraging ecology (Ellis et al. 1998). Investigate the impacts of disease outbreaks on Marion Island and elsewhere (see Cooper et al. 2009).
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
There are no known adverse effects of macaroni penguins on humans.
Macaroni penguins live in large colonies and they represent a large potential food resource, but their economic importance is minor or insignificant to humans. Whalers and seal hunters of the nineteenth century visited some penguin colonies for meat and eggs, and there once was a penguin oil industry which took large numbers of birds but by the early 20th century, this was no longer profitable.
Positive Impacts: body parts are source of valuable material; ecotourism ; research and education
IUCN Red List Category
Macaroni penguin
The macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) is a species of penguin found from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. One of six species of crested penguin, it is very closely related to the royal penguin, and some authorities consider the two to be a single species. It bears a distinctive yellow crest, and the face and upperparts are black and sharply delineated from the white underparts. Adults weigh on average 5.5 kg (12 lb) and are 70 cm (28 in) in length. The male and female are similar in appearance, although the male is slightly larger and stronger with a relatively larger bill. Like all penguins, it is flightless, with a streamlined body and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine lifestyle. They also have red eyes.
Its diet consists of a variety of crustaceans, mainly krill, as well as small fish and cephalopods; the species consumes more marine life annually than any other species of seabird. These birds moult once a year, spending about three to four weeks ashore, before returning to the sea. Numbering up to 100,000 individuals, the breeding colonies of the macaroni penguin are among the largest and densest of all penguin species. After spending the summer breeding, penguins disperse into the oceans for six months; a 2009 study found that macaroni penguins from Kerguelen travelled over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) in the central Indian Ocean. With about 18 million individuals, the macaroni penguin is the most numerous penguin species. However, widespread declines in populations have been recorded since the mid-1970s. Their conservation status is being reclassified as vulnerable.
The macaroni penguin was described from the Falkland Islands in 1837 by German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt.[3] It is one of six or so species in the genus Eudyptes, collectively known as crested penguins. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words eu "good", and dyptes "diver". The specific epithet chrysolophus is derived from the Greek words chryse "golden", and lophos "crest".[4]
The common name was recorded from the early 19th century in the Falkland Islands. English sailors apparently named the species for its conspicuous yellow crest;[5] Maccaronism was a term for a particular style in 18th-century England marked by flamboyant or excessive ornamentation. A person who adopted this fashion was labelled a "macaroni" or "macaroni", as in the song "Yankee Doodle".[6]
Molecular clock evidence using DNA suggests the macaroni penguin split from its closest relative, the royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli), around 1.5 million years ago.[7] Although the two have generally been considered separate species, the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni.[8][9] The two species are very similar in appearance, although the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni.[10] Interbreeding with the Indo-Pacific subspecies of the southern rockhopper penguin (E. chrysocome filholi) has been reported at Heard and Marion Islands, with three hybrids recorded there by a 1987–88 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition.[11]
The macaroni penguin is a large, crested penguin, similar in appearance to other members of the genus Eudyptes. An adult bird has an average length of around 70 cm (28 in);[3] the weight varies markedly depending on time of year and sex. Males average from 3.3 kg (7 lb) after incubating, or 3.7 kg (8 lb) after moult to 6.4 kg (14 lb) before moult, while females average 3.2 kg (7 lb) after to 5.7 kg (13 lb) before moult.[12] Among standard measurements, the thick bill (from the gape) measures 7 to 8 cm (2.8 to 3.1 in), the culmen being around a centimetre less. The wing, from the shoulder to the tip, is around 20.4 cm (8.0 in) and the tail is 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in) long.[13] The head, chin, throat, and upper parts are black and sharply demarcated against the white under parts. The black plumage has a bluish sheen when new and brownish when old. The most striking feature is the yellow crest that arises from a patch on the centre of the forehead, and extends horizontally backwards to the nape. The flippers are blue-black on the upper surface with a white trailing edge, and mainly white underneath with a black tip and leading edge. The large, bulbous bill is orange-brown. The iris is red and a patch of pinkish bare skin is found from the base of the bill to the eye. The legs and feet are pink. The male and female are similar in appearance, although males tend to be slightly larger.[3] Males also bear relatively larger bills, which average around 6.1 cm (2.4 in) compared to 5.4 cm (2.1 in) in females; this feature has been used to tell the sexes apart.[12]
Immature birds are distinguished by their smaller size, smaller, duller-brown bill, dark grey chin and throat, and absent or underdeveloped head plumes, often just a scattering of yellow feathers. The crest is fully developed in birds aged three to four years, a year or two before breeding age.[3]
Macaroni penguins moult once a year, a process in which they replace all of their old feathers. They spend around two weeks accumulating fat before moulting because they do not feed during the moult, as they cannot enter the water to forage for food without feathers. The process typically takes three to four weeks, which they spend sitting ashore. Once finished, they go back to sea and return to their colonies to mate in the spring.[14] Overall survival rates are poorly known; the successful return of breeding adults at South Georgia Island varied between 49% and 78% over three years, and around 10% of those that did return did not breed the following year.[15]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
A 1993 review estimated that the macaroni was the most abundant species of penguin, with a minimum of 11,841,600 pairs worldwide.[16] Macaroni penguins range from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula; at least 216 breeding colonies at 50 sites have been recorded.[17] In South America, macaroni penguins are found in southern Chile, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and South Orkney Islands. They also occupy much of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, including the northern South Shetland Islands, Bouvet Island, the Prince Edward and Marion islands, the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Heard and McDonald Islands.[18] While foraging for food, groups will range north to the islands off Australia, New Zealand, southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha, and South Africa.[19]
Although the population of macaroni penguins is estimated at around 18 million mature individuals, a substantial decline has been recorded in several locations.[20] This includes a 50% reduction in the South Georgia population between the mid-1970s to mid-1990s,[21] and the disappearance of the species from Isla Recalada in Southern Chile.[22] This decline of the overall population in the last 30 years has resulted in the classification of the species as globally Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[20] Long-term monitoring programs are underway at a number of breeding colonies, and many of the islands that support breeding populations of this penguin are protected reserves. The Heard Islands and McDonald Islands are World Heritage Sites for the macaroni penguin.[20] The macaroni penguin may be being impacted by commercial fishing and marine pollution.[23] A 2008 study suggests the abilities of female penguins to reproduce may be negatively affected by climate- and fishing-induced reductions in krill density.[24]
Life history[edit]
Like most other penguin species, the macaroni penguin is a social animal in its nesting and its foraging behaviour; its breeding colonies are among the largest and most densely populated. Scientist Charles Andre Bost found that macaroni penguins nesting at Kerguelen dispersed eastwards over an area exceeding 3×106 km2. Fitted with geolocation sensors, the 12 penguins studied travelled over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) in this period and spent their time largely within a zone 47–49°S and 70–110°E in the central Indian Ocean, not coming ashore once. This area, known as the Polar Frontal Zone, was notable for the absence of krill.[25]
Living in colonies results in a high level of social interaction between birds, which has led to a large repertoire of visual, as well as vocal, displays.[26] These behaviours peak early in the breeding period, and colonies particularly quieten when the male macaroni penguins are at sea.[27] Agonistic displays are those which are intended to confront or drive off or, alternatively, appease and avoid conflict with other individuals.[26] Macaroni penguins, particularly those on adjacent nests, may engage in 'bill-jousting'; birds lock bills and wrestle, each trying to unseat the other, as well as batter with flippers and peck or strike its opponent's nape.[28] Submissive displays include the 'slender walk', where birds move through the colony with feathers flattened, flippers moved to the front of the body, and head and neck hunched, and general hunching of head and neck when incubating or standing at the nest.[29]
The diet of the macaroni penguin consists of a variety of crustaceans, squid and fish, although the proportions that each makes up vary with locality and season. Krill, particularly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), account for over 90% of food during breeding season.[30] Cephalopods and small fish such as the marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii), painted notie (Lepidonotothen larseni), Champsocephalus gunneri, the lanternfish species Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisoni and P. normani become more important during chick-rearing.[31] Like several other penguin species, the macaroni penguin sometimes deliberately swallows small (10– to 30-mm-diameter) stones; this behaviour has been speculated to aid in providing ballast for deep-sea diving,[32] or to help grind food, especially the exoskeletons of crustaceans which are a significant part of its diet.[33][34]
Foraging for food is generally conducted on a daily basis, from dawn to dusk when they have chicks to feed. Overnight trips are sometimes made, especially as the chicks grow older;[30] a 2008 study that used surgically implanted data loggers to track the movement of the birds showed the foraging trips become longer once the chick-rearing period is over.[35] Birds venture out for 10–20 days during incubation and before the moult.[30] Macaroni penguins are known to be the largest single consumer of marine resources among all of the seabirds, with an estimated take of 9.2 million tonnes of krill a year.[36] Outside the breeding season, macaroni penguins tend to dive deeper, longer, and more efficiently during their winter migration than during the summer breeding season. Year round, foraging dives usually occur during daylight hours, but winter dives are more constrained by daylight due to the shorter days.[37]
Foraging distance from colonies has been measured at around 50 km (31 mi) at South Georgia,[38] offshore over the continental shelf, and anywhere from 59 to 303 kilometres (37 to 188 mi) at Marion Island.[39] Macaroni penguins normally forage at depths of 15 to 70 m (49 to 230 ft), but have been recorded diving down to 100 m (330 ft) on occasions. Some night foraging does occur, but these dives are much shallower, ranging from only 3 to 6 m (9.8 to 19.7 ft) in depth. Dives rarely exceed two minutes in duration.[40] All dives are V-shaped, and no time is spent at the sea bottom; about half the time on a foraging trip is spent diving. Birds have been calculated as catching from 4 to 16 krill or 40 to 50 amphipods per dive.[30]
The macaroni penguin's predators consist of birds and aquatic mammals. The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis), and killer whale (Orcinus orca) sometimes hunt adult macaroni penguins in the water. Colonies suffer low rates of predation if undisturbed; predators generally only take eggs and young that have been left unattended or deserted. Skua species, the snowy sheathbill (Chionis alba), and kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) prey on eggs, and skuas and giant petrels also sometimes take chicks.[15]
Courtship and breeding[edit]
Female macaroni penguins can begin breeding at around five years of age, while the males do not normally breed until at least six years old. Females breed at a younger age because the male population is larger. The surplus of male penguins allows the female penguins to select more experienced male partners as soon as the females are physically able to breed.[41] Commencing a few days after females arrive at the colony, sexual displays are used by males to attract partners and advertise their territory, and by pairs once together at the nest site and at changeover of incubation shifts.[28] In the 'ecstatic display', a penguin bows forward, making loud throbbing sounds, and then extends its head and neck up until its neck and beak are vertical. The bird then waves its head from side to side, braying loudly.[42] Birds also engage in mutual bowing, trumpeting, and preening.[28] Monitoring of pair fidelity at South Georgia has shown around three-quarters of pairs will breed together again the following year.[15]
Adult macaroni penguins typically begin to breed late in October, and lay their eggs in early November.[19] The nest itself is a shallow scrape in the ground which may be lined with some pebbles, stones, or grass, or nestled in a clump of tussock grass (on South Georgia Island).[43] Nests are densely packed, ranging from around 66 cm apart in the middle of a colony to 86 cm at the edges.[43] A fertile macaroni penguin will lay two eggs each breeding season. The first egg to be laid weighs 90–94 g (3.2–3.3 oz), 61–64% the size of the 145–155 g (5.1–5.5 oz) second, and is extremely unlikely to survive.[43] The two eggs together weigh 4.8% of the mother's body weight; the composition of an egg is 20% yolk, 66% albumen, and 14% shell.[44] Like those of other penguin species, the shell is relatively thick to minimise risk of breakage, and the yolk is large, which is associated with chicks born in an advanced stage of development.[45] Some of the yolk remains at hatching and is consumed by the chick in its first few days.[45]
The fate of the first egg is mostly unknown, but studies on the related royal penguin and erect-crested penguin show the female tips the egg out when the larger second egg is laid. The task of incubating the egg is divided into three roughly equal sessions of around 12 days each over a five-week period.[43] The first session is shared by both parents, followed by the male returning to sea, leaving the female alone to tend the egg. Upon the male's return, the female goes off to sea and does not return until the chick has hatched.[41] Both sexes fast for a considerable period during breeding; the male fasts for 37 days after arrival until he returns to sea for around 10 days before fasting while incubating eggs and young for another 36 days, and the female fasts for 42 days from her arrival after the male until late in the incubation period.[46] Both adults lose 36–40% of their body weight during this period.[47] The second egg hatches around 34 days after it is laid. Macaroni penguins typically leave their breeding colony by April or May to disperse into the ocean.[19][48]
From the moment the egg is hatched, the male macaroni penguin cares for the newly hatched chick. For about 23 to 25 days, the male protects its offspring and helps to keep it warm, since only a few of its feathers have grown in by this time. The female brings food to the chick every one to two days. When they are not being protected by the adult male penguins, the chicks form crèches to keep warm and stay protected. Once their adult feathers have grown in at about 60 to 70 days, they are ready to go out to sea on their own.[49]
Media appearances[edit]
- A macaroni penguin is featured in the classic children's book Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?.
- ^ BirdLife International (2013). "Eudyptes chrysolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Species Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837)". Australian Biological Resources Study: Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, ACT: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ a b c d Williams (1995) p. 211
- ^ Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
- ^ J. Simpson, E. Weiner (eds), ed. (1989). "Macaroni". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
- ^ Steele, Valerie (1998). Paris Fashion: A Cultural History. Berg Publishers. pp. 21–32. ISBN 978-1-85973-973-0.
- ^ Baker AJ, Pereira SL, Haddrath OP, Edge KA; Pereira; Haddrath; Edge (2006). "Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling". Proc Biol Sci. 273 (1582): 11–7. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3260. PMC 1560011. PMID 16519228.
- ^ Christidis L, Boles WE (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
- ^ Juliff, Peter (December 2008). "From the Pole to the Equator: A panoply of Penguins". The Bird Observer (Bird Observation & Conservation Australia) (857). Retrieved 2009-01-27.
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 214
- ^ Woehler EJ, Gilbert CA, EJ; Gilbert, CA (1990). "Hybrid Rockhopper-Macaroni Penguins, interbreeding and mixed-species pairs at Heard and Marion Islands". Emu 90 (3): 198–210. doi:10.1071/MU9900198.
- ^ a b Williams (1995) p. 213
- ^ Records
- ^ Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. CRC Press. p. 605. ISBN 0-415-97024-5.
- ^ a b c Williams (1995) p. 219
- ^ Woehler, EJ (1993). The distribution and abundance of Antarctic and subantarctic penguins. Cambridge, United Kingdom: SCAR/ Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. ISBN 0-948277-14-9.
- ^ Oehler DA, Pelikan S, Fry WR, Weakley Jr L, Kusch A, Marin M, David A.; Pelikan, Steve; Fry, W. Roger; Weakley, Leonard; Kusch, Alejandro; Marin, Manuel (2008). "Status of Crested Penguin (Eudyptes) populations on three islands in Southern Chile". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120 (3): 575–81. doi:10.1676/07-108.1.
- ^ Bernstein, Neil; Tirrell, Paul. "Short Communications: New Southerly Record for the Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) on the Antarctic Peninsula". Auk. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ a b c Curry, Tiera. "Macaroni Penguin". Center for Biological Diversity website. Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ^ a b c Benstead, Phil; David Capper; Jonathan Ekstrom; Rachel McClellan; Alison Stattersfield; Andy Symes (2008). "Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (BirdLife International). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ Trathan PN, Croxall JP, Murphy EJ, Everson I, PN; Murphy, EJ; Croxall, JP; Everson, I (1998). "Use of at-sea distribution data to derive potential foraging ranges of Macaroni Penguins during the breeding season". Marine Ecology Progress Series 169: 263–75. doi:10.3354/meps169263.
- ^ Oehler DA, Fry WR, Weakley LA Jr, Marin M, David A.; Fry, W. Roger; Weakley, Leonard A.; Marin, Manuel (2007). "Rockhopper and Macaroni Penguin Colonies Absent from Isla Recalada, Chile". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119 (3): 502–506. doi:10.1676/06-096.1.
- ^ Ellis S, Croxall JP, Cooper J (1998). Penguin Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. Apple Valley, Minnesota: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group.
- ^ Cresswell KA, Wiedenmann J, Mangel M, K. A.; Wiedenmann, J.; Mangel, M. (2008). "Can macaroni penguins keep up with climate and fishing induced changes in krill?". Polar Biology 31 (5): 641–49. doi:10.1007/s00300-007-0401-0.
- ^ Bost CA, Thiebot JB, Pinaud D, Cherel Y, Trathan PN; Thiebot; Pinaud; Cherel; Trathan (May 15, 2009). "Where do penguins go during the inter-breeding period? Using geolocation to track the winter dispersion of the macaroni penguin". Biology Letters 5 (4): 473–6. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0265. PMC 2781933. PMID 19447814.
- ^ a b Williams (1995) p. 57
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 61
- ^ a b c Williams (1995) p. 216
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 190
- ^ a b c d Williams (1995) p. 215
- ^ Williams (1995) pp. 215–16
- ^ Splettstoesser J, Todd FS (1999). "Stomach stones from Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colonies in the Weddell Sea". Marine Ornithology 27: 97–100.
- ^ Brown CR, Klages NT, C. R.; Klages, N. T. (1987). "Seasonal and annual variation in diets of Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus) and Southern Rockhopper (E. chrysocome chrysocome) penguins at sub-Antarctic Marion Island". Journal of Zoology 212: 7–28. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb05111.x.
- ^ De Villiers MS, Bruyn PJN (2004). "Stone-swallowing by three species of penguins at sub-antarctic Marion Island" (PDF). Marine Ornithology 32 (2): 185–86. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
- ^ Green JA, Wilson RP, Boyd IL, Woakes AJ, Green CJ, Butler PJ, Jonathan A.; Wilson, Rory P.; Boyd, Ian L.; Woakes, Anthony J.; Green, Chris J.; Butler, Patrick J. (2008). "Tracking macaroni penguins during long foraging trips using 'behavioural geolocation'". Polar Biology 32 (4): 645–53. doi:10.1007/s00300-008-0568-z.
- ^ Brooke MDL (2004). "The food consumption of the world's seabirds". Proceedings. Biological Sciences / the Royal Society. 271 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): S246–48. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0153. PMC 1810044. PMID 15252997.
- ^ Green JA, Boyd IL, Woakes AJ, Warren NL, Butler PJ, JA; Boyd, IL; Woakes, AJ; Warren, NL; Butler, PJ (2005). "Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins". Marine Ecology–Progress Series 296: 183–96. doi:10.3354/meps296183.
- ^ Croxall JP, Prince PA, J. P.; Prince, P. A. (1980). "Food, feeding and ecological segregation of seabirds at South Georgia". Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 14: 103–31. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1980.tb00101.x.
- ^ Brown CR (1987). "Travelling speed and foraging range of macaroni and rockhopper penguins at Marion Island" (PDF). Journal of Field Ornithology 58: 118–25. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
- ^ Green K, Williams R, Green MG (1998). "Foraging ecology and diving behavior of Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus at Heard Island". Marine Ornithology 26: 27–34. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- ^ a b Bingham, Mike (2006). "Macaroni Penguin". International Penguin Conservation Work Group. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 191
- ^ a b c d Williams (1995) p. 217
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 218
- ^ a b Williams (1995) p. 24
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 112
- ^ Williams (1995) p. 113
- ^ Commonwealth of Australia (2005). "Macaroni Penguins". Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts). Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ Reynolds, Katie (2001). "Eudypteschrysolophus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
Cited text[edit]
- Williams, Tony D. (1995). The penguins: Spheniscidae. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854667-X.
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text:
Focus Stocks
The 200 Day Moving Average is Key for MGM Resorts
Published on Monday, 14 May 2012 07:44 Written by TradersHuddle Wire
New York, May 14th (TradersHuddle.com) - MGM Resorts International (NYSE:MGM) closed the trading session at $11.63, near its 200 day moving average set at $11.83. MGM's stock action is below this level, which makes the stock difficult to be bought, as it will face resistance as it approaches its 200 day moving average.
MGM Resorts International (NYSE:MGM) has significant holdings in gaming, hospitality and entertainment, owns and operates 16 properties located in Nevada, Mississippi and Michigan. The company, through a joint venture, owns and operates the urban development City Center in Las Vegas Strip.
Latest price action range, defined by a peaks and troughs algorithm, placed calculated support at $11.27 and resistance at $13.89. Traders should closely monitor these levels, as they provide great reference points for the latest price action in MGM Resorts.
If traders want to establish a position on MGM Resorts, given that resistance could materialize as the stock approaches its 200 day moving average, a trade might materialize as the stock manages to break this important level. After the breakout, the 200 day moving average could be used as support going forward. However, until the break materializes, traders need to exercise patience.
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