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Tomorrow evening, the football franchise I grew up with, the franchise I lived and died with and rushed home from Hebrew school every Sunday to watch play, will be competing – after decades punctuated almost entirely by failure and futility – for its first world championship. And I really don't give a damn.
In fact, under normal circumstances, I'd probably be rooting against the Cardinals, sipping on some of that sweet schadenfreude soup, just like I've done in the 20-plus years since the franchise bolted from my hometown of St. Louis.
But oddly enough, I will actually be pulling for the Cardinals tomorrow, partly because I have a lot of Cardinals players on my postseason fantasy squad, but mainly because the Cardinals have Kurt Warner as their starting quarterback, the guy with the inspiring backstory who once led the St. Louis Rams, the team I now cheer for, to its own Super Bowl victory nine years ago.
I find the dynamics of fan loyalty fascinating. Sport gets its very meaning from the support of large and loyal fan bases, but what exactly makes us root for (or against) a team?
I mean, I totally understand the appeal of actually participating in athletics and sports, the thrill of competition and personal triumph, but why do we become fans? Why do we root for teams at all?
When you really think about it, it's rather silly that we get enjoyment – not to even talk about the extreme behavior sports fans like me often engage in, the emotional highs and lows we go through – from watching the successes of a bunch of guys we don't know, who usually didn't grow up in the city where they now compete, and who will often switch teams for the allure of a few more dollars. We've accomplished nothing when the teams we root for win, and failed at nothing when those same teams lose, but you wouldn't know that by the reactions from diehard fans. Being a fan is fulfilling and frustrating in ways I don't even begin to understand.
When the Cardinals left St. Louis, I was bitter. I thought the owner Bill Bidwill was a greedy prick who had no legitimate rationale for abandoning a town that showed a tremendous amount of loyalty, especially considering the team's rather dismal on-field track record. I thought the move was a lousy thing to do, and I found myself taking delight in the Cardinals' continued failures – all the losing seasons, the awful draft picks, the half-filled stadiums that still haunted the franchise in Arizona.
And I eagerly and immediately embraced the Rams when they moved to St. Louis, even though that franchise did basically the same thing to LA fans that the Cardinals owner did to us. I started rooting for a team that I had never seen play live, rarely watched on TV, and whose history I knew basically nothing about.
In fact, I was already in college and not even spending much of my time in St. Louis when the Rams made their move. And even if I still lived in St. Louis, why exactly did I automatically get excited about a local sports teams with which I had no real other connection? I have some fond feelings of St. Louis, and who knows, I may one day move back (don't tell the folks … or the girlfriend!), but it's not like I'm bursting with civic pride.
And what does a successful sports franchise say about the city where it competes anyway? The answer, of course, is nothing meaningful.
I can kind of understand rooting for one's countrymen in the Olympics because their successes or failures can say something about the strength or talents of the nation at large. The same goes for teams from one's chosen schools and colleges.
But in general, fandom is a rather odd phenomenon. Is it just passed on from parent to child, imprinted on our brains at a very young age so that it becomes nearly impossible to view our allegiances rationally? Does it stem from something primal – the need to bond to something larger than oneself, to form communities beyond our families, the same need that drives us to join churches and synagogues, fraternities and sororities, or dare I say, cults?
And what about you? What teams do you root for and why? Do you have any unusual allegiances? Or notable allegiance switches? Discuss…


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Ed Fenster and Lynn Jurich are saving the environment one rooftop at a time.
Sunrun, their company, provides solar power to 35,000 homes in about a dozen US states, including California, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
To date the energy generated by the company's rooftop solar systems has offset the annual greenhouse gas emissions of 43,091 cars.
"It is very clear that this generation's biggest problem is energy," says Ms Jurich, 33. "The waste is costing us too much from an environmental and financial standpoint."
At its core the business is very simple: Sunrun sells a solar power service to homeowners. To do that, Sunrun raises tens of millions of dollars in project finance from investors every quarter to purchase, install and maintain rooftop solar systems. In return these investors receive the tax credits the systems are eligible for, in addition to a share of the homeowners' monthly payments.
One of the wins of the financial crisis is that it made it very hard for people to follow us into the market
- Ed Fenster
Homeowners, meanwhile, sign a 20-year contract for the service. The average Sunrun customer is expected to save $20,179 on electricity bills over the life of the agreement, according to the company.
"If you look at your electric bill, the biggest cost is bringing the energy to your home," says Mr Fenster, 36. "We take that out of the equation."
Mr Fenster and Ms Jurich met as MBA students at Stanford Graduate School of Business. They are from opposite coasts but both have a background in private equity and an interest in entrepreneurship.
They considered various ideas for clean energy companies or investment opportunities. "There was a huge wave of investment in clean energy hardware like fuel cells and panels, but nobody was thinking about how you get this stuff deployed, and that, fundamentally, is a finance problem," says Ms Jurich.
"We identified a gap in the market and aligned it with our skill set."
They founded Sunrun in the second semester of their final year of business school. The pair loaded up on courses about entrepreneurship and leadership and Ms Jurich admits that during those frenetic months, neither of them was a particularly good student. They often missed classes to meet contacts and pitch to potential investors. Many of these meetings were the result of their Stanford network.
Jim Ellis, lecturer at GSB in the Center for Entrepreneurial Studies, who taught Mr Fenster and Ms Jurich, remembers them as "two of the smartest students I've ever had in 10 years [of teaching].
"One of the qualities that I look for in entrepreneurs – and that these two exhibited – is a real willingness to talk to people. They are highly energetic and highly engaged."
As business partners, the two complement one another: Where Mr Fenster is detail-oriented and analytical – it is not uncommon for him to stay up until 3am hammering out a financial structure – Ms Jurich prefers to concentrate on big-picture strategy. She is most skilled at evangelising the business model.
"We joke that Lynn is the one who makes us the money and I am the one who doesn't lose investors' money," says Mr Fenster. (A third founder is no longer with the company.)
After graduating from Stanford in 2007, they cobbled together $3m to start the company. They dipped into their savings and several Stanford classmates invested, as did several of their former colleagues. The following summer, they raised their first round of venture funding worth $9m.
To be able to install the solar equipment – solar panels start at about $30,000 per single-family home – the partners needed finance capital. They investigated possible deals with banks and even an energy company. However, the economy then began to unravel. Mortgage defaults rose, Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy and the stock market tanked.
"We'd make a call [to a bank] only to learn that an entire team had been fired," recalls Ms Jurich.
In November 2008, they received project financing from US Bancorp, a bank that had no subprime exposure, to support the purchase of $105m in solar equipment. "That was a make or break moment for us," says Ms Jurich. "If we had not been able to do that, it would have been hard to see us being able to move forward."
Sunrun now has enough capital to support the purchase of more than $1.5bn in solar equipment. Each day the company, which is based in San Francisco and has 200 employees, installs $2m worth of equipment. Over the past six years, Sunrun has raised $145m in venture capital from Accel Partners, Sequoia Capital, Foundation Capital and Madrone Capital Partners.
"One of the wins of the financial crisis is that it made it very hard for people to follow us into the market," says Mr Fenster. "It gave us a four-year lead."
Sunrun finds customers through big-box chains such as Home Depot and Costco; it has also partnered with local solar installation companies. However, not every home is a candidate for solar power. Some do not get enough sunlight; in certain cases, homeowners do not use enough electricity to make the switch worthwhile.
"We need to save people money," says Ms Jurich. "It needs a compelling opportunity. And in places like the northeast, California, Hawaii – where energy is very expensive – it is."
The market is growing at a rapid pace. According to GTM Research, the Boston-based company that specialises in clean-energy technology, the number of residential and commercial solar panel installations has more than doubled over the past two years.
But the sector faces challenges, namely costly state regulations and the expense of bringing in new customers. Sunrun currently operates in 10 states.
It's a business that's "enormously capital intensive", notes Prof Ellis.
"The risk associated with this business is that you're on the hook for a large capital investment upfront which pays off over the long term," he says. "The government subsidies and economic incentives [related to solar energy] might not always be there."
But he is sanguine about Sunrun. "The upside is that they have a high-quality management team and ability to attract sophisticated capital investors. They put some really good horsepower on these important issues."
Words of advice
● Don't overthink
"As an MBA you can shoot down any possible business idea," says Lynn Jurich, co-chief executive of Sunrun. "If you think you have a good idea, don't overthink it. Don't just sit in your room working on a business plan. Get out in the market and get feedback."
"The market is a living breathing organism," adds Ed Fenster, co-chief executive of Sunrun. "If you poke it, it will poke you back. And you won't always know the ways in which it will do that."
● Don't underestimate how much work it is to start a company
"Executing a business is much harder than finance people think," says Mr Fenster. "The investment world and the academic world underestimate the advantages and difficulties of executing well."
● Choose the right business partner
"It's hard to imagine there are qualities that you'd want in any other relationship that you wouldn't also want in your business partner," says Mr Fenster. "It's not just business judgment; it's follow-through; it's values; it's sense of humour."
● Divide and conquer
"One of the most common problems when there are two company founders is that both people sit in on product meetings [which often wastes time]," says Mr Fenster. "I can't remember the last time either of us sat on a product meeting together. We divide and conquer."
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Please don't cut articles from FT.com and redistribute by email or post to the web.

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- Follow all of Newsarama's coverage of the Transformers in film, comics and games.
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Take an early look at two Transformers books coming out this week!
Take an exclusive look at the next chapter in the Dawn of the Autobots saga.
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Feathers will fly, pigs will get hit, and Transformers will roll out!
Two TRANSFORMERS previews for you, exclusively here at Newsarama.
Take an exclusive look at IDW and Hasbro's previews for July 9, 2014.
Real Estate site Movoto has crunched the numbers and found out exactly how much it would cost to build the Transformers' living base. Start saving ...
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Dawn of the Autobots continues as Galvatron threatens war against Optimus Prime and his autobots on Earth in this exclusive preview.
Plus Mark Wahlberg Talks about how the AUTOBOTS recruit the DINOBOTS in TRANSFORMERS: AGE OF EXTINCTION
As "Dawn of the Autobots" continues, Optimus Prime finds Earth isn't such a friendly place for him anymore!
Take an early look at Transformers and G.I. Joe books from this week.
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We look into the Dawn of the Autobots once more, this time to introduce an adorable new character!
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Best method of displayingPosted Monday, 28 May, 2012 - 13:24 by lid6j86 in
So originally i meant to post this question in an existing forum, but I decided to make a new post about it.
I've seen several methods of posting to the screen (which is great because it means openGL is diverse), but it's gotten me wondering what the best method is?
I've been using GL.Begin and GL.End to this point but it seems like it is depreciated, discouraged, and slower than the other methods.
In another example I saw something about VBO and calling a Vector3 array and putting the points in like that (not 100% sure what i was seeing, but it was along those lines). I still don't fully understand the code below but that's because I just don't understand the functions themselves and what role they play.
int vbo; void CreateVertexBuffer() { Vector3[] vertices = new Vector3[3]; vertices[0] = new Vector3(-1f, -1f, 0f); vertices[1] = new Vector3( 1f, -1f, 0f); vertices[2] = new Vector3( 0f, 1f, 0f); GL.GenBuffers(1, out vbo); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, vbo); GL.BufferData<Vector3>(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, new IntPtr(vertices.Length * Vector3.SizeInBytes), vertices, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); } protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e) { GL.ClearColor(Color.Brown); CreateVertexBuffer(); } protected override void OnRenderFrame(FrameEventArgs e) { GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit); GL.EnableVertexAttribArray(0); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, vbo); GL.VertexAttribPointer(0, 3, VertexAttribPointerType.Float, false, 0, 0); GL.DrawArrays(BeginMode.Triangles, 0, 3); GL.DisableVertexAttribArray(0); SwapBuffers(); }
I've also seen in several OpenGL examples a single array declared.
float vVerts[] = { -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f};
this version uses something called batches (which once again, I have no idea what that is in relation to OpenGL or if its still used) to load it into opengl and then display it onto the screen.
so I guess I'm asking, for C# and OpenTK purposes, what is the best method, and how does that best method work?
(by the way, I appreciate all of the patience with my several posts and questions, you all have helped tremendously)
The best/recommended/modern way to display geometric information is with Vertex Array Objects (VAO) and Vertex Buffer Objects (VBO). Please be aware that Vertex Array Objects are a completely different thing than Vertex Attribute Arrays (often only called Vertex Arrays)! A Vertex Array Object is just a state object, meaning that you create it, bind it, then create and bind all of your desired VBOs and your Element (Index) Buffer, then unbind your VAO again. From then on, each time you want to draw your geometry, you only have to bind the VAO and call the draw command. I can't provide you complete code right now because I work with the shader language Cg in my framework and attribute binding is done slightly different then, but I hope this helps:
// Loading // vertex array object GL.GenVertexArrays(1, out this.vertexArray); GL.BindVertexArray(this.vertexArray); // vertex buffer GL.GenBuffers(1, out this.vertexBuffer); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, this.vertexBuffer); GL.BufferData<Vector4>( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, new IntPtr(this.vertices.Length * Vector4.SizeInBytes), this.vertices, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); // replace this call with your own attribute binding, e.g.: // int positionIndex = GL.GetAttribLocation(shaderHandle, "inPosition"); // GL.EnableVertexAttribArray(positionIndex); // GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, this.vertexBuffer); // GL.VertexAttribPointer(positionIndex, 4, VertexAttribPointerType.Float, true, Vector4.SizeInBytes, 0); this.material.Shader.SetPointer4f(ShaderType.VertexShader, "inPosition", true); // normal buffer GL.GenBuffers(1, out this.normalBuffer); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, this.normalBuffer); GL.BufferData<Vector3>( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, new IntPtr(this.vertices.Length * Vector3.SizeInBytes), this.normals, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); // replace this one, too this.material.Shader.SetPointer3f(ShaderType.VertexShader, "inNormal", true); // color buffer GL.GenBuffers(1, out this.colorBuffer); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, this.colorBuffer); GL.BufferData<Vector4>( BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, new IntPtr(this.vertices.Length * Vector4.SizeInBytes), this.colors, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); // replace this one, too this.material.Shader.SetPointer4f(ShaderType.VertexShader, "inColor", true); // index buffer GL.GenBuffers(1, out this.elementBuffer); GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, this.elementBuffer); GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, new IntPtr(sizeof(uint) * this.indices.Length), this.indices, BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); // unbind the vertex array object GL.BindVertexArray(0);
This is everything you need for your buffer setup. Drawing then is very easy:
// Drawing GL.BindVertexArray(this.vertexArray); // bind your shader here GL.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, this.indices.Length, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); GL.BindVertexArray(0);
I really recommend you to use VAOs, as everything else is deprecated already. Using VBOs without a VAO is possible and not much slower (all you have to do is bind every buffer on its own during rendering instead of just binding the VAO), but an illegal operation in Core Profiles.
But: VAO+VBO is not usually the fastest way to draw your geometry. If your geometry is completely static, Display Lists tend to be as fast as or even faster than the buffers. I've read the slides of a conference talk from some NVIDIA guy a year ago where he stated that although there are these profile compatibility issues, he recommends professional game developers to rely on Display Lists. But please note that this is really only true for professional game developers where every single call on outdated hardware really matters. If the maximum performance was your main goal, you would not be using managed code and OpenTK in the first place ;)


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Department Collections -- American Family Physician
Search Department collections from past and current issues of AFP, the peer-reviewed clinical journal of the American Academy of Family Physicians.
American Family Physician : AFP Home
Appropriate Prescribing of Medications: An Eight-Step Approach - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2007 - A systematic approach advocated by the World Health Organization can help minimize poor-quality and erroneous prescribing. This six-step approach to prescribing suggests that the physician should (1) evaluate and dearly define the patient's problem; (2) specify the therapeutic ...
American Family Physician : Article
AAFP: FDA E-Cigarette Rule Great Step Forward for Public Health
May 5, 2016 - FDA E-Cigarette Rule Great Step Forward for Public Health
Press Center : News Releases and Statements
The Last Word: Five Steps for Building Your Leadership Skills - Family Practice Management
Oct 1, 2014 - Physicians are already considered leaders inside the exam room but may need to hone their leadership skills outside of the exam room. This article describes five steps physicians can take to increase their leadership skills, from taking an interest in staff members' personal lives to ...
Family Practice Management : The Last Word
10 Steps to Preparing Your Office for ICD-10 -- Now - Family Practice Management
Feb 1, 2014 - ICD-10 will go into effect on Oct. 1, 2014, for services provided on or after that date. The transition to ICD-10 will be significant and requires proper planning and preparation. First steps include obtaining a copy of the ICD-10 code book and orienting yourself to the new code set, ...
Family Practice Management : Articles
Eight Steps to a Chart Audit for Quality - Family Practice Management
Aug 1, 2008 - The article describes a step-by-step process to performing chart audits for assessing quality of care in a practice.
Family Practice Management : Articles
From The Editor: Step-by-Step Practice Transformation - Family Practice Management
Dec 1, 2009 - Clearly, it's possible to improve your practice one piece at a time. But can you ever achieve radical practice redesign by this route? The author introduces an article by Anton Kuzel, MD, MHPE, which proposes a step-by-step plan for revolutionizing your practice.
Family Practice Management : From The Editor
Ten Steps to a Patient-Centered Medical Home - Family Practice Management
Dec 1, 2009 - The author recommends an organized, step-by-step approach to converting a typical family medicine practice to a patient-centered medical home.
Family Practice Management : Articles
From The Editor: Climbing One Step at a Time - Family Practice Management
Feb 1, 2010 - Practice redesign is a huge, daunting task that becomes more manageable if you take it one step at a time -- and not just because you're tackling it piecemeal. There's some synergy at work.
Family Practice Management : From The Editor
Five Steps to a Performance Evaluation System - Family Practice Management
Mar 1, 2003 - The author provides a step-by-step approach to developing and implementing a fair and consistent employee performance evaluation system.
Family Practice Management : Articles
AAFP Disagrees With Justice Department Blockade of OTC Access to Plan B One-Step
May 8, 2013 - The AAFP has weighed in on the legal battle regarding emergency contraception now playing out in the nation's courts. In a prepared statement issued May 6, Academy Board Chair Glen Stream, M.D., M.B.I., of Spokane, Wash., disagreed with the U.S. Department of Justice's May 1 appeal of a...
AAFP News : Health of the Public
Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2015 - Polyarticular arthritis is commonly encountered in clinical settings and has multiple etiologies. The first step is to distinguish between true articular pain and nonarticular or periarticular conditions by recognizing clinical patterns through the history and physical examination. Once...
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Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression - American Family Physician
May 15, 2016 - Peripartum depression affects up to one in seven women and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity if untreated. A history of depression is the strongest risk factor for developing peripartum depression. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening...
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Management of Constipation in Older Adults - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Chronic constipation is common in adults older than 60 years, and symptoms occur in up to 50% of nursing home residents. Primary constipation is also referred to as functional constipation. Secondary constipation is associated with chronic disease processes, medication use, and ...
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Outpatient Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2013 - Approximately 2% to 9% of patients seen in a family physician's office have alcohol dependence. These patients are at risk of developing alcohol withdrawal syndrome if they abruptly abstain from alcohol use. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome begins six to 24 hours after the last intake of ...
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Provision of Contraception: Key Recommendations from the CDC - American Family Physician
May 1, 2015 - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has released comprehensive recommendations for provision of family planning services. Contraceptive services may be addressed in five steps, and counseling may be provided in a tiered approach, whereby the most effective options are ...
American Family Physician : Article
HHS Blocks Expanded OTC Access to Plan B One-Step
Dec 13, 2011 - HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius' recent decision to countermand FDA approval of OTC access to a specific emergency contraceptive for girls younger than 17 may have closed the door for now on the regulatory aspects of this issue, but it has reopened discussion of the topic among some ...
AAFP News : Health of the Public
Differentiation and Diagnosis of Tremor - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2011 - Tremor, an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part, is the most common movement disorder encountered in clinical practice. Rest tremors occur in a body part that is relaxed and completely supported against gravity. Action tremors occur with voluntary contraction of a ...
American Family Physician : Article
STEPS: Alirocumab (Praluent) for Treatment of Hyperlipidemia - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2016 - Alirocumab is a novel lipid-lowering therapy that is highly effective at lowering LDL cholesterol when used in addition to statin therapy and diet. Its use should be limited to patients with either heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular ...
American Family Physician : STEPS
Hemoptysis: Evaluation and Management - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2015 - Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lung parenchyma or airways. The initial step in the evaluation is determining the origin of bleeding. Pseudohemoptysis is identified through the history and physical examination. In adults, acute respiratory tract infections (e.g., ...
American Family Physician : Article
Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment Principles, and Screening - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2015 - Lung cancer is classified histologically into small cell and non–small cell lung cancers. The most common symptoms of lung cancer are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and systemic symptoms such as weight loss and anorexia. High-risk patients who present with symptoms should undergo chest ...
American Family Physician : Article
Health Literacy in Primary Care Practice - American Family Physician
Jul 15, 2015 - Health literacy includes a set of skills needed to make appropriate health decisions and successfully navigate the health care system. These skills include reading, writing, numeracy, communication, and, increasingly, the use of electronic technology. National data indicate that more ...
American Family Physician : Article
Diagnosis of Heel Pain - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2011 - Heel pain is a common presenting symptom in ambulatory clinics. There are many causes, but a mechanical etiology is most common. Location of pain can be a guide to the proper diagnosis. The most common diagnosis is plantar fasciitis, a condition that leads to medial plantar heel pain, ...
American Family Physician : Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2011 - Plantar fasciitis, a self-limiting condition, is a common cause of heel pain in adults. It affects more than 1 million persons per year, and two-thirds of patients with plantar fasciitis will seek care from their family physician. Plantar fasciitis affects sedentary and athletic ...
American Family Physician : Article
Detecting Elder Abuse and Neglect: Assessment and Intervention - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2014 - Elder mistreatment includes intentional or neglectful acts by a caregiver or trusted person that harm a vulnerable older person. It can occur in a variety of settings. One out of 10 older adults experiences some form of abuse or neglect by a caregiver each year, and the incidence is ...
American Family Physician : Article


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San Ramon Valley High golfer Chris Parkinson was unfazed competing against his elders.
Parkinson recently advanced out of a U.S. Open local qualifier at Almaden Country Club in San Jose, thanks to some magic around the greens.
He will next compete in a U.S. Open Sectional Qualifier in Newport Beach on June 3, with a chance to advance to the U.S. Open at Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pa., June 13-16.
Not bad for a 17-year-old high school junior -- even an accomplished American Junior Golf Association player such as Parkinson.
The Almaden qualifier featured a tough, 90-player field composed of professionals, elite juniors and high-level collegians from Cal, Stanford, UC Davis, Saint Mary's College and San Jose State, among others.
Parkinson shot an even-par 72, overcoming nerves to make a 5-foot birdie putt on the 18th hole to tie for fourth and get in a six-man playoff. He then made a 45-foot birdie putt on the first playoff hole to gain one of the final two spots. A gallery of about 40 people roared its approval when the lengthy putt dropped.
"It was pretty exciting,' Parkinson said. "Everyone shook my hand because they knew how clutch it was. I was by far the youngest player there in the playoff, so to come out and make a putt like that was huge."
It took a great recovery shot on No. 18 just to get to that point. Parkinson found the trees to the right off the tee. So he pulled out his 8-iron and went for it.
"I was totally blocked, but I figured I might as well try to pull off a great shot," he said. "I took a couple deep breaths to relax myself, and then I stuck it to about five feet."
Chris' dad, Jim, was impressed by his play, especially around the greens.
"I've never seen him have a better short game in my life," Jim Parkinson said. "He chipped, and he couldn't miss a putt. It was just really good."
Chris' high school season ended when he shot a 79 last week at Rooster Run Golf Course in Petaluma at the North Coast Section Tournament of Champions. His teammate and co-captain, Connor Blick, shot a 72, but the Wolves did not advance to the NorCal tourney.
Also an excellent baseball player, Parkinson is ranked 30th in the state for his 2014 graduation year and has been exchanging emails with about a dozen college golf coaches.
Coaches from Pepperdine, UC Irvine and UC Santa Barbara are among those scheduled to watch him play in the sectional qualifier.
Overall, it's been a memorable spring for Wolves golfers, past and present.
Parkinson's former teammate Cody Blick, Connor's brother, did not advance out of the Almaden qualifier, but enjoyed an outstanding season at San Jose State. He was named the WAC Freshman of the Year and WAC Player of Year.
Cody Blick placed 50th at NCAA Regional Golf Championship in Tempe, Ariz., with a three-round score of 9-over 219.
Parkinson has enough game to eventually join Cody at the Division I level. The veteran players at the qualifier will attest to that.
Contact Matt Schwab at email@example.com, or follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/schwab_matt.


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Three months into working for a S&P 500 Silicon Valley tech firm, Jim had the sick sense that his job wasn't going to work out.
The reason? His boss. She was "super-smart, but had no people skills," said Jim, who asked that only his first name be used. She seemed to constantly target him with dismissive, negative comments about his ideas and work performance. "I was afraid I would be dinged on my review," he said.
His self-esteem plummeted, and his stress levels rose. He felt stuck. With three small kids and a wife who was a full-time mom, he couldn't quit. Jumping to another job after such a short tenure would look bad on his résumé.
Jim's situation isn't unique. Various surveys show that a bad boss is the No. 1 reason employees express job dissatisfaction. A bad boss is like being in a bad relationship, says Rebecca Kieler, a Redwood City career strategist. However, some relationships can be saved. It's a possibility worth exploring, especially if you're in no position to quit anytime soon. But you have to take the initiative to improve your situation, she said. As the new year approaches, resolving to improve your relationship with your boss is a worthy goal. Here are tips from Kieler and other experts:
1. Do some self-reflection. Consider whether your unhappiness at work is caused by a toxic boss or the fact that you want a new job or career, said Thomas Plante, professor of psychology at Santa Clara University.
2. Gain some perspective, get out of your own head, and ignore the stories you are telling yourself. "Paranoid social cognition" is what happens when people build up assumptions about how others perceive them -- without investigating whether those perceptions are based on reality, according to Nancy Lam, an assistant professor at Saint Mary's School of Economics and Business Administration.
Your boss may not be deliberately targeting you, as you have come to believe. It's possible she is overwhelmed by job demands and boss problems that you don't know about, and she's not aware of how she's presenting herself to employees. "We do tend to think the world resolves around us, as when we feel like we're not being appreciated enough, or that people are taking us for granted," Plante said.
3. To gain perspective, get feedback from others. Don't rely on your best friend or significant other for the most objective feedback; they are likely to bolster your viewpoint, Kieler said. Better feedback, Lam added, can come from a mentor or a colleague outside the department. Then there are co-workers, who may reveal that they, too, are having similar problems with the boss.
4. Ask for a meeting. Many dysfunctional boss-employee relationships arise from normal, human differences in personality, work style and values. Often you can address these differences by having a conversation with your boss, Kieler and Plante said. Some key advice: Don't go into the meeting with a list of grievances that will make your boss defensive. Instead, approach it in the spirit of wanting to work things out. Kieler said, "You can go in and say, 'I think you're frustrated with me, and I know you know I'm frustrated. We both don't want it to be this way.' "
Employees often leave those meetings feeling better, Kieler said. Maybe the boss admits fault, while you gain insight on how you could do your job better. Or you learn your boss truly is unreasonable, or her values or the values of the company don't suit yours, Kieler said. Added Plante: "If you can at least have an honest conversation, you can find out whether it's time to remodel the house or move on to a new one."
5. Assess your boss's personality to even see if such a conversation is possible. Katerina Bezrukova is a Santa Clara University professor who studies intergroup relations. She has identified four basic types of bad bosses: the narcissist, the aggressive boss, the rigid boss, and the boss who is impaired by substance abuse, burnout or a mental health issue.
Unfortunately, narcissistic bosses, with their fragile self-esteem, and aggressive bosses don't respond well to criticism, so it's best to stay out of their way as much as possible, Bezrukova said. However, you may be able to point out to an aggressive boss, who bullies employees and panics on deadlines, that "management by hysteria is inefficient," she said. With the rigid boss, who needs to control every decision, she cites an example of employees who started making decisions on their own but convinced the manager "it was her idea all along."
Finally, if you suspect your boss is abusing drugs or alcohol or dealing with a mental health issue, seek help from your company's employee assistance program, Bezrukova added.
6. With a really bad boss, document everything. Last year, Mary, who asked that her real name not be used, started a sales job at a small Tri-Valley renewable energy company and learned that her boss liked to make off-color jokes about women and dump unpopular assignments on her. Like Jim, Mary felt she couldn't quit. "I had been unemployed for two years, so I needed the job," she said. Not wanting to earn an early reputation as a complainer, Mary bided her time by working hard and documenting her accomplishments, as well as her boss's objectionable comments. Because her company didn't have a human resources department, she eventually contacted the woman from the firm that recruited her. That woman in turn contacted the CEO, who took Mary's concerns seriously. While Mary's boss wasn't fired, he immediately cleaned up his act.
7. Take the long view. After six months in his job, Jim took his family on vacation, where he sat on the beach reading books with such titles as "Coping with Difficult People." He still wanted to work things out with his boss.
But a short time later, that boss was gone. Jim felt a dark cloud lift. He stayed at that job another three years. He said he learned a lot from his toxic boss experience. "It's not all bad. All these experiences help me grow and learn. There was misery and heartaches and lost sleep, but it taught me how to adapt and survive and figure out what to do next."


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Options to fix Salem Church Rd.
- Details
- Last Updated on Tuesday, 29 November 2011 23:11
- Published on Tuesday, 29 November 2011 23:11
- Hits: 1085
The status of the Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT) proposal to make improvements to Route 625 (Salem Church Rd.) in King George is unclear at this point.
That was the message conveyed by VDOT officials at a public citizen information meeting in the county held earlier this month on Nov. 15.
VDOT had sent letters on Oct. 27 to inform adjacent property owners about the meeting and outlining its two proposed design alternatives to flatten out two successive, existing 90-degree curves in the road and to raise the vertical alignment to resolve chronic drainage issues.
More than a dozen people attended the meeting, including nine adjacent landowners and a representative from Woodlawn.
Also present were Shiloh Supervisor Cedell Brooks, At-large Supervisor Dale Sisson, county administrator Travis Quesenberry, and county Zoning Enforcement Officer/Planner Heather Straughan, along with several VDOT officials, including Project Manager Greg Huffman, Bob Pickett and David Brown, the Northern Neck residency administrator.
Woodlawn's property manager Gerri Ludwig said they had objections, but noted she was present at the meeting to collect information. She added, "They do want you to know this is a designated historical area where artifacts have been found over the years."
Ludwig also asked for an informal poll of those for and against improvements, saying they wanted to know how Woodlawn's neighbors felt. A show of hands indicated the proposed road improvements were overwhelmingly desired by the residents present at the meeting.
The improvements to the road section would affect property in the Woodlawn Archeological & Historical District, and the Greater Port Royal Rural Historic District.
The Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) holds a preservation easement on the Woodlawn property and advised in a letter dated on Nov. 15, the day of the citizen meeting, that its easement program coordinator must be provided an opportunity to review and comment on the proposed undertaking and how it may affect the easement property.
Ludwig told The Journal this week that they are in the process of drafting comments to go to VDOT regarding the project.
The main concern appears to be that the construction area and associated easements would impact the archeological area with alterations to the historical setting and feeling of the historic district, along with concerns about the loss of potential artifacts not yet discovered.
VDOT's Huffman said they are trying to do the best they can for the smallest footprint to affect historical properties, but to keep people out of the ditch.
The location of the section of the road proposed for improvements is near the southern end of Route 625, about 2 miles east of US 301.
About the proposal for the windy, narrow road, the VDOT letter said, "VDOT has determined that the section does not meet current design specifications."
The letter recounted that, "Especially during rain and snow events, water on the surface of the roadway collects and ponds, making the road dangerous when icy and sometimes impassable."
It also said, "Due to its age the road has never been subjected to modern road engineering, it lacks shoulders which are an important design feature."
VDOT is considering two separate options that would alleviate flooding by raising the vertical alignment of the road and flattening the two curves. Alternative I would utilize geometric design standards that apply to rural collector roads.
The minimum lane width would be 10 feet with two-foot wide shoulders and six-foot wide ditches.
Alternative II would utilize design standards for rural rustic roads with nine-foot lane widths, two-foot wide shoulders and three-foot wide ditches. The illustrations of the two options can be viewed on our website, www.journalpress.com.
The VDOT letter indicated that the proposed improvement project is federally funded, with Huffman saying at the meeting that current funding for the project is $1.2 million.
A tentative construction schedule called for advertisement of a bid for construction in 2014. Huffman said that schedule could be pushed back, depending on the alignment chosen and what archeological assessments must be completed, along with necessary easement acquisition.
press here to see illustrations of both options.
Phyllis Cook


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TEMPE, Ariz. -- Translating effort into results is the next step for the Cal basketball team.
The Golden Bears (7-7, 0-2 Pac-10), coming off an encouraging 73-71 loss at Arizona, face Arizona State (8-6, 1-2) today, hoping to avoid their first 0-3 conference start in 11 seasons.
"It's still about performance, and we're going to have to make plays," Cal coach Mike Montgomery said.
Arizona star sophomore Derrick Williams came through on that count against Cal, scoring a career-high 31 points Thursday.
Cal often got good shots, but not enough of them went in. "That's been the case a lot where "... we got a better shot than they just got, but they made it and we didn't," Montgomery said. "That's what I'm talking about with performance."
In the wake of freshman guard Gary Franklin quitting the team this week, Montgomery said young players such as Bak Bak, Richard Solomon, Emerson Murray and Nigel Carter will get more opportunity but that they need to show improvement.
"They've just got to not be young guys with not much experience," Montgomery said.
"Why wouldn't we have played early (Thursday) night? I really don't understand it," he said. "Honest opinion, I don't care if it's us or someone else, you shouldn't allow that to happen."
"The day I called coach (Ben) Braun and committed to Cal, about five minutes later (then-new Arizona State) coach (Herb) Sendek called," Kamp said. "It was like his first day there. He started talking to me and I broke him the news right there."
ASU shot 1 for 14 from 3-point range, was out-rebounded 25-8 in the second half and missed its final nine shots in the 55-41 defeat.
Cal (7-7, 0-2 Pac-10) at Arizona State (8-6, 1-2), 11:30 a.m., CSNBA


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If you'd like to learn from us, call us today. We offer phone coaching sessions, a few weekend retreats and even some online training programs.


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Married couples.
For the first time in at least 60 years, a majority of the state's adults are single or separated, according to new federal data.
As recently as the 2000 Census, about 52 percent of Californians 15 or older were married. But 2006 population data released today by the U.S. Census Bureau says that share of Californians has slipped to 48.5 percent this decade as the share of adults who have nevermarried has grown.
From the state's high cost of housing for families, to an increase in opportunities for women, to something as fundamental as our image of love there is no shortage of reasons to explain the decline.
Californians are waiting longer than ever and longer than people in many other states to get married, or they're just skipping it altogether. About three in 10 women in California have never married, a percentage topped only by three other states, according to the new census data. An even higher percentage of men 38 percent have never married.
"It by no means indicates that marriage is dead, but I think it's a dramatic way of demonstrating that the past 25 years, marriage has gradually ceased to be the main institution that organizes people's lives," said Stephanie Coontz, author of the 2005 book "Marriage, A History: From Obedience to Intimacy, or How Love Conquered Marriage.
In 2006, the median age for women getting married the first time was 26.2 years, the Census Bureau said. But in 1960, half of the women in California were married by age 20. That was back when marriage marked the start of adult sexuality and the point when many women moved out of their parents' homes.
So what's different? For Odeth Paas, it was seeing too many marriages end: Her parents split when she was 10, and several married friends are now separated.
"Why would you get married if it leads to divorce?" asked the 25-year-old Milpitas accountant, who said she was once engaged herself "I was too young," she added.
But the fact that so many people live alone about a quarter of California households in 2006 included just one person is even more striking, some experts said.
"It's a whole lifestyle difference ... people living alone," said Dowell Myers, a demographer at the University of Southern California. "It means there's no one there to help them. It didn't used to be that way in our society."
Considering the later age of marriage, and the time that many people spend divorced or widowed, "most Americans will spend almost half their adult lives outside of marriage," said Coontz, a professor of history and family studies at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash. "It doesn't mean they don't value marriage, but it does mean they are going to have to make a lot of decisions outside of marriage."
Across cultures and countries, there is a correlation between women's access to education and work opportunities and women's decisions to delay marriage, she said. The 2006 census data suggests that could be particularly true in California, where 45 percent of women ages 18 to 24 are enrolled in college or graduate school, compared to 36 percent of men.
Population factors could be at work as well; the state is experiencing a surge in the number of adults in their 20s, a group that was much more likely to be married a generation ago than now.
Another factor may be discouraging marriage in California: Depending on your point of view, there either are too many men or too few women. The state has one of the nation's largest mismatches in the number of men and women of marrying age, with about 118 men ages 15 and 44 (the range used by the Census Bureau) for every 100 women.
Of course, the decline in the share of married couples in California is not just a factor of how people decide to live but also where.
Younger, single adults are over represented in the share of people moving into the state, while married couples are over represented in the flow of people leaving, said Hans Johnson, a demographer with the Public Policy Institute of California. One reason, he said, is the state's high housing costs.
"California is no longer as attractive to married couples and families as it once was," Johnson said. "If you're a married couple, and you've just had a kid and you want to buy a house, it's really tough."
One thing that hasn't changed this decade in California was divorce virtually the same proportion of adults about one in 10 were divorced in 2006 as in 2000.
California probably crossed the 50 percent unmarried threshold a few years ago. But the 2006 census data, including, for the first time this decade, people living in prisons, college dormitories, nursing homes and other "group quarters," was the first data to provide a direct comparison with the 2000 Census.
Because of its power in popular culture, the "nuclear family" ethic of breadwinner Dad and homemaker Mom still holds great sway, Coontz said. But the 1950s arrangement was an anomaly in the history of marriage, further distorted by TV, she said: The age of first marriage in the 1890s was almost as high as it is today, and there were as many single parents in the 1920s as there are now although it was death rather than divorce creating those single households.
As late as 1967, polling showed that many women held traits such as industriousness a marker for being able to support a wife as more important in a potential marriage partner than intelligence or compatibility. But in part because women gained the means to support themselves economically, "that's all changed," Coontz said.
Now, she added, both men and women alike are marrying for love.
"But it also makes it more likely that people will choose not to marry at all, or they will leave a marriage if they don't love the other person," she said. "That is one of the great paradoxes of this change."
MediaNews writer Kim Vo contributed to this report. Contact Mike Swift at 408-271-3648 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Gear Shop
The Gear Shop is a great resource for students and Faculty/Staff members who are looking to take a trip, but don't have the gear they need. All equipment is reliable and in great condition to allow users a fun outdoor experience free of charge. Choose from outdoor or recreational sports equipment as well as winter and water sports gear. Rentals are available at the Outdoor Pursuits Gear Shop. For questions regarding specific equipment, call 351-GEAR.
Occasionally, the hours may change due to University Holidays or UNC events. To contact the OP Gear Shop directly, please call (970) 351-GEAR.
The rental shop will be closed on the following dates:
- May 30th
- July 4th
The Outdoor Pursuits Gear Shop is located in the West entrance of Harrison Hall adjacent to the Campus Recreation Center.
The following equipment is available to check-out free of charge at the Campus Recreation Gear Shop:
- Bikes/ Helmets
- Flashlights
- Tents- 2,3,4 person tents
- Water Jugs
- Camp Site Games
- Backpacks
- Day Packs
- Canoe and Paddles
- Compass
- Cooksets
- Coolers
- Crazy Creek Camp Chairs
- Climbing Shoes
- Head Lamps
- Pop up canopy
- Flatware
- Camp Stoves
- Backpacking Stoves
- Kayaks/paddles/ PFD's
- Kayak and Snowboard Helmets
- LED Lanterns
- Camp Pads
- Trekking Poles
- Sleeping Bags
- Snowboards
- Snow Goggles
- Snow Shoes
- Folding Tables
- Shovels and Trowels
Reservations and walk-ins are both welcome and available. Outdoor gear can be checked out for a maximum of one week; longer trips will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. To reserve equipment in advance, please fill out our Online Equipment Request Form.


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Euine Fay Jones, (January 31, 1921 – August 31, 2004) was an American architect and designer. He was an apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright. Jones is also the only one of Wright's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal, the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects.
---E. Fay Jones. (2012, February 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:38, March 22, 2012, from Wikipedia
Thanks, Paulo. I am humbled and proud at the same time to think that anyone would make one of my pictures a favorite. Greetings from Arkansas, USA.
Thank you, kind sir.
Wonderful picture...LIKE.....Kind regards, Ijaz Ahmad
Thanks, Ijaz Ahmad.
What a beautiful chapel, I like the photo also. How are you these days? Are you taking lots of pics this summer?
Thank you, BloominBlooms. (Sorry I forgot your given name. It is a beautiful chapel in a beautiful wooded setting.
I am feeling great. I've been to seven national parks this summer. There are lot's of new pictures in my gallery. Thanks for asking.
Very nice and original design, like.
Interesting church architecture! like
Best wishes, Reiner
Thanks very much for your kind comments.
Successful shot with good prospect!
molto bella, like......ciao, Flavio
Hello Guy
this looks a little the same as my church ! only much bigger :)
fascinating place and interesting the information
a beautiful capture, like it ,
warm greetings Karin
Клевый у меня ник?,
Méry 3°人~°。,
Thanks to each of you for your kind comments.
Nicely composed fine photo. LIKED. Best wishes, Manup.
This is a really nice image of some lovely architectural work! Take care (O:
Beautiful Architecture, a BIG LIKE :)) Carl ( Ohio ). Have a pleasant week ahead !
Spectacular view! L :-)
Recently attended Sunday services there They were as inspirational as the setting.
Photo taken in Eureka Springs, AR, USA


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Top : Fruity, Apple, Spice - Middle : Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Clove Chestnut - Bottom : Spice, Nut, Eggnog, SweetReviews


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National Spacelift System Capabilities
No one can predict with certainty what the ultimate
meaning will be of the mastery of space. (It may) hold the key to our future
on earth.
-President John F. Kennedy
Using the horizons mission methodology, the 2025 spacelift architecture is an emerging third generation system that has take advantage of technology advances since the early 1990s. The systems characteristics and core competency missions are described in the 2025 environment, and notional progress is shown from first through second generation systems. Propulsion is described in detail in the appendix, because it is the pivotal technology push required for success of the system. The progress to 2025 occurs in three distinct steps: a first generation system exploiting current propulsion technologies, structural composite advances, and low-cost technology reusable demonstrators; a second generation system integrating evolutionary/revolutionary advances in conventional chemical propulsion, technological advances in structures and computers, and refinement of the first generation operational system; and, finally, an emerging third generation system performing all required lift and mission requirements with refinements in second generation propulsion, compact fuel storage, and vehicle dry-weight reductions.
2025 System Characteristics
The 2025 spacelift system is derived through incremental application of technology and operational enhancements. This system description analyzes the progress toward 2025 based on the characteristics outlined in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 compares the attributes of a notional X-33 demonstrator and first through third generation MTVs against today's systems. Table 2 compares the attributes of notional first through third generation OTVs.
Table 1 MTV Systems Attributes
Current Systems
1st Generation MTV
2 Generation MTV
3 Generation MTV
Isp (seconds)
450 - 800
not applicable
Weight (lbs)
150,000- 250,000
Capability (lbs to LEO)
up to 50,000
Suborbital Mach 15 (can pop-up small payloads)
<10,000 (up to 28,000 with pop-up & refly)
up to 30,000 SSTO
Response Time
Days (Demo Hrs)
Hrs to a Day
Table 2 OTV Systems Attributes
|1st Generation OTV
|2 Generation OTV
|3 Generation OTV
|Weight (lbs)
|30,000 - 40,000
|Response Time
|Fusion or Antimatter
|Primary User
Primary Systems
The primary spacelift systems are divided into medium/light lift and heavy lift. The third generation MTV supplies 100 percent of all medium/light lift missions up to 30,000 pounds in the ETE and the ETO environments. The small market of heavy lift is accomplished by EELV, but the second generation commercial MTV and emerging third generation systems are rapidly consuming the market. As MTV proves its economic viability, more large payloads downsize. In the US, the advanced MTV spacelift wing strengthens air-and space-core competencies through a standardized modular command structure, modular and interchangeable payloads and weapons bays, technician-level maintenance, and on-demand responsiveness. In the STS environments, the OTV operates in conjunction with the international space station and/or the cislunar space defense station. Commercial OTVs perform satellite placement from LEO, satellite and station repair, research, and space debris removal. The DOD maintains a squadron of armed military OTVs for counterspace, force application, deterrence, and space-denial missions. Additionally, the military OTVs perform routine satellite maintenance, defense satellite positioning, and satellite repair on the national space architecture. They are attached to the space station defense directorate, which also performs the international space traffic control mission.
Multipurpose Transatmospheric Vehicles
The 2025 emerging third generation MTV is a high Isp (greater than 1,000 seconds), medium-lift vehicle that integrates composite materials, advanced computer diagnostics, fiber-optic and superconductor technology for compact energy generation systems. It also integrates a modularized infrastructure for maximum responsiveness and flexibility. The propulsion system is an "accelerator class" engine combining laser pulse detonation (LPD) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fan-jet principles, as outlined in the appendix. The emerging fusion and antimatter technologies hold promise for a strategic application of the MTV with unlimited range enabling Space Command (CINCSPACE) to finally possess a planetary area of responsibility (AOR). The following data describes the vehicle design advances required through first generation and second generation vehicles.
First Generation MTVs
The X-33 program generated the first reusable demonstrator, which proved the potential for routine operations. The first generation follow-on military MTV is 20 percent larger than the X-33 demonstrator. The MTV space system retains 20 percent propulsion capability margin to enhance operational reliability. The MTV, a vertically launched, single stage ETO and ETE system, capitalizes on current technologies. The vehicle uses cryogenic fuels in the X-33-developed integrated powerhead rocket engine (see appendix) to achieve orbit. For lift missions greater than 10,000 pounds, the MTV uses the X-33 demonstrated satellite "pop-up" and refly capabilities. In the pop-up mode, the payload is deployed in the upper atmosphere and uses an expendable upperstage to place it in LEO. For the refly mode, MTV deploys small reusable aerodynamic platforms for both ETE and ETO missions. These small winged vehicles are capable of making drastic orbital plane changes in the upper atmosphere by using aerodynamic forces on their wing surfaces. The MTV performs space superiority missions through tailored, standardized, modular mission payloads and satellite refly. Additionally, in the transatmospheric ETE mode, the MTV demonstrates force application and a rapid response ISR capability.
Structural Materials
The current advances in composite technologies and thermal protection systems (TPS) are incorporated into a structure that is 20 percent larger than the X-33 but only 10 percent heavier, which should allow significant operational cost reductions. The TPS uses advances in current carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-silicon (C-Si) systems and thermoplastic pultrusion technologies derived from enhanced computer modeling of structural fluid dynamic solutions.22 These thermoplastic pultrusion manufacturing techniques produce tougher mechanical properties with longer life cycles. Additionally, the process requires no chemical curing, so production rates increase lower lengthy production costs. Cryogenic fuel storage builds on current aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) technologies. Electrical components and computers take advantage of advances in
high-temperature superconductors and first generation AI, and the vehicle uses fiber-optics for all control systems. Superconductors are manufactured to operate at 250 degrees Kelvin (-23 degrees Celsius), which currently seem viable by 2002.23 This enables order of magnitude smaller control and pump motors using current refrigeration systems allowing either more payload or fuel to be carried. Third order of magnitude increases in computing power and advances in AI enabled the vehicle to incorporate a real-time, self-diagnostic system with automatic self-repair and reroute capability.24 The system contains an interactive interface for technician fault isolation, rapid identification, and component replacement and enables a much smaller operational launch team.
Modular System Packaging
The MTV can be a manned or unmanned vehicle, depending on the mission. The vehicle in the manned mode uses a two-person crew: a pilot and a mission specialist, which can be a counterspace specialist, weapons officer, logistics specialist, or a
satellite-deployment specialist. The integration of fiber-optics, superconductors, and advances in space life support science produces a smaller modular crew life support system, which is removed to increase payload size in the unmanned mode. Virtual piloting is conducted from a modular command center and is accomplished by way of integrated satellite link using current computer technology advances and the improved global navigation capability. Payloads are encapsulated for both ETO missions and ETE. Modular payload and weapons deployment is successfully tested by the X-33 demonstrator.25 Human life support for special operations forces (SOF) deployable modules are in the test phase for the second generation vehicle.
Operational Infrastructure
The US Spacelift Wing uses an organization analogous to the 1995 Air
Force wing structure plus a commercial technical assistance division. The
military MTV takes advantage of commercially driven material technologies
with investments in propulsion advances to deploy space-based weapons,
lasers, counterspace technologies, and logistics. The spacelift wing is
located in two main operating aerospace bases, but the command structure
is modularized for rapid deployment to any US Air Force base. Figure 3-1
shows a conceptualized operational turn around for a potential MTV-type
design. Relying heavily on vehicle self-contained diagnostics, a common
facility is used for automated preflight and payload operations.26
Source: Lt Col Jess Sponable, Advanced Spacelift Technology (U), Phillips Laboratory, PL/VT-X, briefing, Air University Library, 2025 Support area, 6 March 1996. (Secret) Figure is unclassified. (Secret) Figure is unclassified.
Figure 3-1. Conceptualized operations for the MTV
Preventive maintenance and preflight are standardized procedures for
technicians employing a "blue-suit" concept. The civilian technical
assistance group handles major technical problems. Components are line
replacement units (LRU) with separate two-level maintenance system outside
of the preflight facility. Average turnaround time is less than six hours,
including refueling, but a priority aerospace mission sortie turn around
of less than three hours is possible. Prior to launch approval, on-pad
alert MTVs perform a 15 minute diagnostic check, yielding a global response
time of less than one hour.
Source: Dr Dick Mueller, Washington Strategic Analysis Team, "Global Response Aerospace Sortie," briefing, 6 March 1996.
Figure 3-2. Artist's Rendering of 1st Generation Spacelift Wing
The base additionally contains hydrogen/oxygen generation and storage facilities. The command structure consists of a communications building, which performs administration and is tele-linked to the space traffic control center in the space station's defense directorate, and the virtual command center, which holds the pilot control system and mission briefing areas (secure video-teleconference capable). Figure 3-2 is a conceptualized picture of an operating spacelift wing employing one possible vehicle configuration.
Second Generation MTVs
The second generation MTV integrates revolutionary propulsion into an improved first generation MTV aerospace frame. Dry-vehicle weight is reduced another 5 percent. The propulsion system is a first generation laser pulse detonation and magnetohydrodynamic "accelerator class" engine with laser air spike technology (see appendix). This propulsion system is designed to operate each engine variant in its most efficient mach regime. To increase engine thrust efficiency in the laser detonation cycle, the cyrogenic propulsion system uses a boron additive.27 The increase in Isp to greater than 600 seconds has rendered the satellite pop-up maneuver obsolete, since most payloads can be directly inserted into orbit. Propulsion margin of 20 percent is easily maintained. A commercial heavy lift MTV demonstrator is being tested, and a commercial passenger MTV is on the drawing board. The second generation MTV is the joint bomber/logistics transport capable of contributing to air-and space-core competencies. Advances in artificial intelligence and superconductors are incorporated into a fully self-contained preflight and diagnostic system with real-time self-repair and reroute. Additionally, these advances have reduced required personnel for refueling and maintenance support.
Structural Advances
Thermoplastic protrusion technologies are commercially adopted, and thermosets are past history. Research at Sandia National laboratories has developed powder metallurgy with high-gas atomization, which is now in production.28 The MTV is an all-composite design with Al-Li cryogenic storage tanks. Composites continue advances in C-C and C-Si with titanium derived alloys to lower structure weights 20 percent below baseline.29 These manufacturing technologies are commercially derived and provide an economical space frame with 20 percent lighter materials, long life cycle, and high strength, to further reducing life cycle costs. Additionally, the structure is supported by a commercial as opposed to military industrial base. This arrangement should spread spare and replacement costs across a larger group. It also should provide larger basing opportunities. To reduce control system weight, the system employs buckytubes (molecular-level electrical materials with AI) which are the electrical information carriers for the self-diagnostic system.30 They also manipulate micromechanical devices in the MTV's control systems.31 The MTV's surface is monitored by first generation shape memory alloys, which use piezoelectric actuators and fiber-optic sensors to transmit MTV control surface information to the real-time diagnostics that allowed personnel reductions.32 Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDS) detect and measure the earth's magnetic field and are integrated into the MHD (an engine which uses the earth's magnetic field to generate energy) control portion of the "accelerator class" engine.33 A zero-degree Celsius superconductor has revolutionized the pump and motor industry, leading to a four-fold reduction in weight and size and again improving payload or fuel capability. These realistic electrical advances reduce heat dissipation requirements, lower both structural and volumetric weight requirements, and enable the development of real-time diagnostics and control systems, which improve reliability and operability.
Modular Payloads
The improvements in propulsion negate the pop-up requirement for satellite movement to LEO, but modular payloads remain important. The SOF deployment system is tested successfully and scheduled for production. Space special operations forces are being trained for future transatmospheric insertion. The MTV has assumed all strategic bombing missions.
Continued advances in materials, computing, and propulsion, lengthen mean time between overhauls. Commercial advances continue to be exploited by the military, and the volume of spacelift guarantees a robust industrial base. The self-diagnostic capability has reduced technician support. Pilot specialization is not required, because the same crew performs all missions. Turnaround time is less than three hours, with a potential to drop to 90 minutes for a priority sortie. Real-time diagnostics enable five minute alert status on the pad. Deployment of the US Spacelift Wing to anywhere in the US is less than 24 hours for a limited time depending on mission and orbital access required.
Orbital Transfer Vehicles
The emerging third generation military OTV is powered by a revolutionary engine supplemented by emergency high-density hydrogen fuel cells. While this system is in the demonstration mode, OTV requirements are met with first and second generation OTVs. The OTV squadron is supported by the international space station defense directorate, which incorporates the space traffic control system, or is part of either a cislunar or a orbital space defense station. The OTV carries out the routine operational missions of satellite deployment, repair, refueling, rearming, and reconnaissance. Further, the OTV is armed for counterspace, space denial, and space force application missions. The advantages of this system are economical space architecture maintenance, rapid response positioning of assets and global reach missions for space superiority. The vehicle is a single piloted vehicle (F-16 sized), unmanned and controlled virtually in the defense directorate control center. Structure advances and diagnostic computer advances are identical to the MTV systems. The following are the advances required from first through second generation vehicles.
First Generation OTV
The OTV system capitalizes on the satellite capture demonstrations from the shuttle program. Research into magnetic satellite capture is on-going. The OTV is considered an integral part of the IPDS. The propulsion system is solar-electric ion drive; the low thrust is supplemented by emergency fuel cells during national contingencies. For ion drive, solar energy is used to ionize an inert gas and extract it through a nozzle to produce thrust (see appendix). The infrastructure is attached to the defense directorate and, in national emergencies, is operationally chopped to the US Spacelift Wing. The OTV demonstrates the first space laser satellite destruction. Composite technologies and unknown orbital trajectories make the vehicle stealthy. Maintenance of the OTVs is accomplished by modular repair coupled with MTV similar built-in diagnostics, automatic preflight, and technician-level maintenance. The first generation OTVs are attached to the international space station infrastructure or capitalize on a dedicated cislunar or orbital defense space station, and financial investment recapitalization occurs within seven years (similar to emerging industries). Overhauls of the OTVs are conducted on Earth every two years.
Second Generation OTV
Nuclear-electric ion drive propulsion is incorporated with higher thrust. The nuclear energy generates a higher degree of ionization generating more thrust and range. These attributes enable the military OTV to meet the mission flexibility and responsiveness requirements. Satellite capture using magnetic fields is a demonstrated capability. The spacelift infrastructure has expanded to include OTV overhaul in space. Structure composites and computer advances are identical to MTV development. Communication advances enable OTVs to be permanently part of the US Spacelift Wing with the defense directorate as the on-scene headquarters. The MTV missions and the OTV missions enable space superiority and global force application. Fusion and anti-matter propulsion technologies hold promise for the third generation OTV in a strategic role. CINCSPACE finally possesses a planetary AOR defined by the earth-moon system, which is a sphere inscribed by the moon's orbit.
The stealth characteristics of the MTV are its high speed (>Mach 25), large portion of composite structure, and unpredictable orbital position. Counterspace devices on satellites, ground-based laser devices, and direct attack on launch facilities are the greatest threats. The long range of weapons deployment and rapid sortie ability cause unpredictability and standoff capability. Rapid deployment of the launch infrastructure prevents effective strategic targeting. The OTV is stealthy by nature, but it is susceptible to international sabotage at the space station and counterspace satellite defense weapons. The OTV's orbital unpredictability and speed are its greatest assets. Internal defense on the station is a requirement. More powerful lasers, kinetic weapons, and particle beams give extended standoff for force application roles. The OTV also is capable of nonlethal satellite blinding and deception.
Table 3 Qualitative System Comparison
|System Attribute
|Refuelable Blackhorse
|Single Stage MTV
|2-Stage with Mothership
|Magnetic Rail launched TAV
|Capability (lbs to orbit)
|Soft abort
|Operational Simplicity
|Cost ($/lb to LEO)
|Develop-ment Risk
The MTV/OTV system performs two basic space deployment tasks: lifting payloads to orbit and transferring payloads between orbits. The utility of systems performing these functions is measured in terms of weight to orbit, volume to orbit, civilian surge capability, system responsiveness, and reusability for MTVs. OTV utility is measured in terms of timeliness and reusability. In addition to the spacelift tasks, the MTV is used for airlift, strike, and ISR tasks. The MTV reaches anywhere on the globe in less than an hour, so it can perform vital missions rapidly. For example, airlift systems are employed to move a brigade of troops to a theater, but MTV can provide rapid SOF insertion for squad-sized units. These Air Force Institute of Technology derived utility measures are used to determine which weapons systems in the Air Force 2025 study hold the most promise. The following is a more detailed qualitative comparison using required system attributes.
The MTV/OTV system was selected from a variety of systems that addressed the spacelift mission (table 3). Each of these systems provided enough capability to meet the bulk of mission requirements, but the EELV was chosen initially by other studies, because it was the only system with low-development risk and because it captured the entire current mission model. While EELV provided a needed initial cost reduction, it was the only expendable system; so, it did not offer the promise of routine operations. A reusable system was destined to take center stage. Two stage systems and the single stage MTV had medium risk while the magnetic rail and oxidizer refueling systems presented some unique new technical challenges. A magnetic rail similar to the EELV was tied to extensive infrastructure, which reduced its flexibility as a multipurpose system. The major discriminator between MTV, blackhorse, and two stage to orbit vehicle was operational simplicity. The blackhorse concept required added development and maintenance of a tanker capable of refueling oxidizer at high speed in addition to the basic vehicle. This additional infrastructure increased logistics requirements, reduced flexibility of deploying the system, and complicated responsiveness. Similar concerns existed with the mothership in the two stage to orbit concept. This state left the MTV as the best choice to provide simple routine operations capable of satisfying all existing and potential customers.
The first generation MTV system acquisition cost was $1.7 billion, and
the prototype vehicles were scheduled for fielding in 2003. The first functional
vehicle was declared operational for 2010. With routine operations already
proven, second generation costs were held to under $1 billion, and the
system was declared operational in 2020. Third generation systems are still
in development.
Contents | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | A | Bibliography
Back to 2025 Home Page


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Name, Title
Mallory Rusnak
Graduate Assistant
SOuRCe (Student Organization Resource Center)
Office Phone
Job Description
Help oversee the 310+ registered student organizations on campus and the Student Organization Resource Center (SOuRCe). Develop leadership and involvement programs for students and campus advisors. Assist students in creating new student organizations on campus.
Canton, Ohio
B.A. in Interpersonal Relational Speech Communications, Family Relationships, Miami University
Interests & Hobbies
Traveling, dancing, shopping, Netflix, movies, magazines, spending time with family and friends.
What do you like about The University of Akron?
The size of the school (not too big, not too small) and the location (Born and raised in Ohio!).
Motto/Favorite Saying
"Life's too short to be anything but happy"


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Posted: Mon Jun 30, 2008 7:07 pm
Post subject: Made my boys so happy today
Hi all. Last wk my sons hamster died so today while they were both at school me and OH went out and bought them another but this time we got them 1 each! I was so excited about them getting home but had 2 wait as they had swimming lesson after school. When we did finally get home the look on their faces was priceless! We hav called them lovely and jubbly (my OH is massive only fools fan!) x
Posted: Mon Jun 30, 2008 7:44 pm
Post subject:
arr thats lovely.
was thinking of getting my little girl a hamster for christmas, thing is i have 2 cats and don't know if its fair to the hamster or cats. before i had the kids i had loads of hamsters and i have one huge cage, owh well we will see i guess,
Posted: Mon Jun 30, 2008 8:09 pm
Post subject:
well when i was younger i have always kept hampsters and always had cats but we locked the hampsters in our room and the cats only came in when we were there, we did come home once and found our cat chasing our hampster round and round the speaker, but luckily we got there before the hampster became cat food


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can anyone shed any light on a small problem I have.
After evaluating a couple of Linux distros on my PC (I tried Mandrake
10.1 and Suse 9.2) I chose Suse and decided to put it on a higher spec
box and install win 2000 on the old "linux" box (for the kids to use).
However, I am having some difficulty installing Win 2000.
When I inserted the CD it started OK and then stopped with the
file \i386\ntkrnlmp.exe could not be loaded the error code is 7
OK I thought - Maybe it's due to the linux bootloader, so, I wiped the
disk and did an fdisk/mbr.
tried again and same error!
I then tried to install another linux distro (fedora core 3) both out
of curiosity to see what it looked like and also to see if anything
could be loaded.
Sure enough the system loaded and runs fine.
Anyone know why I can't load windoze


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Atchison County Historical Museum
Start Your Visit WithHistorical Timelines
Chronological Eras
Information Tables
General Interest Maps
History Quizzes
Atchison County Historical Museum is dedicated to collecting, preserving, and displaying objects related to Atchison County history. It is housed in the restored Santa Fe Depot building in Atchison, Missouri.
Through its impressive collection of guns, railroad memorabilia and Amelia Earhart's personal effects, the museum throws light on the rich historic past of Atchison county, and the state of Missouri as a whole.
It also has several exhibits related to the Lewis and Clark Expedition and showcases one of three resin models produced of the full-scale Lewis and Clark statue in Case Park in downtown Kansas City, Missouri.
Members of the historical society are provided access to research resources.
Atchison County
ATCHISON COUNTY of Cutler's HISTORY OF KANSAS (Pub. 1883) is made available for worldwide web access in the KANSAS COLLECTION by these EKIS volunteers -- TRANSCRIBER:KATHRYN CONE Acquisition: Copy & Distribution: HTML coding: HTML menu: Bob ...
Atchison County, KS
KANSAS COLLECTION GRAPHICS Atchison County ...
Atchison County, Part 18
... City, and in November, 1876, was elected State Senator to represent Atchison County. January 1, 1877, he resigned the office of State Senator to accept the appointment of Chief Justice of Kansas, tendered him by Hon. Thomas A. Osborn, the ...


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{have to replenish my cords for cooler weather and I love these in a brilliant navy}
{check out these heels!}
{love this look...navy, black, brown}
{planning to start my Friday off right...}
Oooh...I'd love a pair of navy cords. And yes, I am seeing more and more navy mixed with black and a touch of brown...love it!ReplyDelete
Love the boots and gotta get me some leopard pumps. Navy one of my most favorite colors...great round up!ReplyDelete
I'll definitely be adding some navy to my closet... And some leopard flats :)ReplyDelete
Love those suede wedges. Wonder who makes them.ReplyDelete
Um, yes...I'll have all of those please. :-) I just love your blog btw. My dream is a coastal retreat that's lived daily! Ahhh....ReplyDelete
A beautiful combination and yes I want those navy pants.
Have a great weekend
Helen xx
I love that wallpaper...very stylish!
Melissah from Coastal Style
After it taking days to get the wallpaper off the walls when I moved in my house, I swore I'd never ever have it, but I am loving that textured wallpaper! I love that color and navy together, those pillows are beautiful!ReplyDelete


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ZIMBABWE'S second biggest city of Bulawayo is experiencing a serious water crisis that has seen some residents go without the precious liquid since Thursday.
The Bulawayo City Council has warned residents that the situation is likely to continue for the coming week before normal supplies are restored.
In a statement seen by NewZimbabwe.com, the council's spokesperson, Nesisa Mpofu, said this was due to routine maintenance works at its Criterion Clear Water Supply Reservoir in the city.
"The public is advised that council is currently carrying out reservoir cleaning at the Criterion Clear Water Supply Reservoir. Unforeseen complications have however, arisen within the system resulting in reduced supply to all distribution reservoirs supplied by Criterion," Mpofu said.
Mpofu said in order to build up the Magwegwe water reservoir levels, council has initiated water shedding which will last up to Tuesday.
"Regrettably, all the western suburbs will not have water until the situation improves. Meanwhile, the public is advised that water bowsers have been arranged to service the affected suburbs and council wishes to apologise to its valued consumers for any inconveniences," she said.
The critical water shortage is already forcing some residents to travel to town to fetch water from friends and relatives while some residents have resorted to fetching water from unprotected sources.
Over the years, Bulawayo has been facing perennial water shortages which have been attributed to the increasing demand in the city.
At the height of the crisis, the city was forced to introduce 96 hours of water shedding. The city's population currently stands at about 1.5 million and the last dam to be built was commissioned in 1976.
Since then no single dam has been built to correspond to the city's increasing population. The city's dams are also heavily silted due to upstream gold panning.


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New restaurant, Morel, planned for Walker's Point
Morel, a restaurant originally planned for Bay View, will be opening instead in Walker's Point, at 430 S. 2nd St.
Jonathan Manyo, who has worked in fine-dining restaurants on the West Coast, will own the restaurant with family. The emphasis will be on local sourcing of ingredients, and in summers the restaurant will grow some of its own herbs and vegetables on its 1,500-sqare-foot patio, he said. »Read Full Blog Post
Violent Femmes bassist Brian Ritchie remembers Lou Reed's influence
Arguably the Milwaukee band that's had the largest influence on rock music is the Violent Femmes.
And the band with the largest influence on the Femmes was the Velvet Underground, Femmes bassist Brian Ritchie said. »Read Full Article(15)
Lou Reed dies at 71, was lead singer of Velvet Underground
New York — Lou Reed, the great punk poet of rock 'n' roll who profoundly influenced generations of musicians as leader of the Velvet Underground and remained a vital solo performer for decades after, died Sunday. He was 71.
Reed died in Southampton, N.Y., of an ailment related to his recent liver transplant, according to his literary agent, Andrew Wylie, who added that Reed had been in frail health for months. Reed shared a home in Southampton with his wife and fellow musician, Laurie Anderson, whom he married in 2008. »Read Full Article(20)
Bel Canto Chorus, MSO join for night of sacred music
The Bel Canto Chorus and Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra joined forces at Christ King Parish in Wauwatosa on Saturday for a colorful evening of two 20th-century sacred works.
Bel Canto music director Richard Hynson led the combined ensembles in thoughtful, moving performances of Duruflé's "Requiem," from 1947, and Poulenc's "Gloria," which premiered in 1961. »Read Full Article
Chris Tomlin shows his passion for Christian music
Chris Tomlin did the old "how many first timers? how many veterans?" audience poll at the start of his Milwaukee Theatre show Saturday night. Not surprisingly, the majority of cheers in the largely full theater were from the newbies. Tomlin's "Burning Lights," released in January, was just the fourth contemporary Christian music album ever to top the Billboard charts.
What's interesting is that, unlike fellow chart-topping Christian artist TobyMac, Tomlin went No. 1 while being far more explicit about God. Saturday's concert was even halted for a 40-minute sermon by Tomlin's pastor (and the head of his record label) Louie Giglio. »Read Full Article(4)
Trick-or-treat weekend: Milwaukee-area times, by community
For most Milwaukee-area communities, trick or treat is Sunday — but don't worry; they're all done in time for the Packers game tonight.
Go to Tap Milwaukee's list of Milwaukee-area trick-or-treat times to find out when to expect ghouls and goblins in your neighborhood. »Read Full Article


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Tottenham Hotspur Message Board
you are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the posts
Killing off the opposition - lack of a ruthless streak!
crouch quality hire not! what an impotent strike force!! Be content with a top 6 place and shut up!!Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
A Yahoo! User Feb 8, 2010 07:35 Flag
try to write English you sad little man or fuck off!
- 1 Reply to A Yahoo! User
A Yahoo! User Feb 8, 2010 17:38 Flag
Jimmy everybody has opinions on whos a nob and who isnt, but this one is a no brainer, idiots like him dont even warrant a reply.


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It is inscribed necessarily in human nature that the deformation or cultic-ideological ruin of personality is always more decisively and irremediably accomplished than are any of the precarious and tentative accomplishments of aristic cultivation: in quite different senses both eudaimonically and dysdaimonically, whoever touches a formative human soul touches eternity. Children may literally be scarred for life by traumatic abuse that was executed for the benefit of transient doulic hungers or for evaporative banausic prosperity. And "history" is the ever-compounding consequences of such demented dyscultures and nihilist priorities, the long dark night of the traumatized soul from which one age or perhaps another may struggle to wake up.
Kenneth Smith
Contributed by: Dave
Nietzsche's realization was astute that modernity had abolished the very prospect of humanity as ancient culture grasped it as aristeia or nobility, or even as medieval Christianity grasped it in the form of spirituality. Modernity has, from generation to generation and from century to century, an ever-lowering ceiling of minimalist "humanity," an arrant folly of setting up the democratist "human, all too human" as if it could in any way serve as some sort of norm or standard. It is nothing but a quivering, quavering mass of pathos, a gross form of moral and spiritual and philosophical bankruptcy: it is one great complex of fault-lines across the superficial plaque of a veneer-culture, a mere mask of humanity over bestiality. That is what our programmatic war against aristeia ultimately means, the systematic abolition of "man" as well considered as an honorific or value-laden concept.
From moderns' manic phobias about socialism and communism it is patent that this is a civilization of paralytic egologism, of psychotic proprietarism: the American aborigines who were genocidally extinguished by waves of whites saw most sharply the truth about modernity's manias—"The love of possessions is a disease with them." In moderns' culture of abstracted ego and intensified but destitute "consciousness," the aristic ethos not just of sharing and generosity but also of open communication, forthrightness, honesty, and candor has demonstrably perished. There are utterly not enough aristic personalities surviving to make a commonality of culture feasible any longer: "politics" has become a dark euphemism for organized deception, hi-tech manipulation, and Olympian Machiavellian intrigues, and "democracy" in that world-order is so moribund it can be little more than a pious verbalism, a rhetorical fraud.
Source: http://www.tcj.com/?p=605
Values by their very nature tend to seed differences and oppositions, i.e. to make it possible for us to detect and appreciate the various perspectives from which issues may be seen; even though we (by a profound self-misconception) may find this psychologically and socially unpleasant, for the sake of value-intelligence we must learn to live and to thrive AMIDST such polemics, "in medias res," in utmost self-uncertainty and insecurity. Values, also by their inherent character and natural function, tend to form hierarchies; and even though our egos and appetites and illusions and delusions may resent being afflicted with judgments of rank and superiority/inferiority, again for the sake of connoisseurial and wisdom-seeking value-intelligence we have to stretch and traumatize our minds aristically to understand the rationality and objectivity of such intrinsic hierarchicalism, valid and authoritative over and beyond all that we may have cultivated as our idiosyncratic and subjectivist preferences (idiotia). Aristeia is naturally ingrained in the very nature of values; values are naturally ingrained in the very character and laws of nature.
The Greeks took for granted a warrior-ethic ("aristeia," the virtues, values, culture and competence of "aristoi") not just between man and nature, and one city and another, and in the competitive contests (agones) between one person or point of view and another, but most especially between the individual mind striving for illumination and the vast surrounding obscure chaos of all that we do not know or understand or, as yet, have the resources to master. Humans from the earliest days of their lives have already planted their feet on one of two paths, one leading toward self-illumination or a determination to live life knowingly, as cognoscenti or "knowers," and one leading toward the absolute minimum of effort at illumination, a default-mentality marked by the vices of ignoranti, the countless herds of the mostly oblivious and passive who are content merely to be, to drift and be driven, not to be morally or philosophically accountable for themselves.
Gnosis is cultured and critical evidentialism, it is "phenomenology" i.e. Aristotelian concern and respect for the actual and self-governing shape of the phenomena; it is a self-critical recognition that mind should not be arrogantly and unilaterally dictating its own preferred and self-flattering "laws" (logicism, rationalism, a-priorism, theologism, ideologism) to actuality. It is the true aristeia or wisdom or moderation (in Greek the same word, sophrosyne) over against the intellectual hyperactivism of Platonic abstractivism and its high-handed philosophical mandarinism: it is all too easy for facile or self-uncritical "mind" to spin out a self-coherent "noetocosm" that routinely and methodically purges all the polemics and trauma from its controlled noosphere. But this projected and constructed order is not something truly known or understood as true or actual, it is merely something logicistically obligatory to take for granted and to think in terms of.
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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August 2, 2013
Nearly every week, there are stories in traditional media that center on highly charged social media reactions to everything from advertising campaigns, to specific social media posts from organizations or their representatives.
Each social media crisis shows how even a momentary lapse in judgment or a simple misunderstanding can lead to serious consequences. Here are some common challenges and tips for how you can prepare for them.
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Learn more about PRSA membership, and join a professional network you can count on.
Tim O'Brien, APR, owns O'Brien Communications, an independent corporate communications practice in Pittsburgh. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Twitter: @OBrienPR.