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The Gilded Age
Ideology in The Gilded Age
Key Points
- The Gilded Age challenged long-established American social ideals
- Vast new wealth and giant industrial corporations undermined old Jeffersonian ideas about America as an egalitarian nation of small independent farmers and artisans
- Corrupt new politics challenged the old republican ideal of civic-minded public service
- Americans from all over the social and political spectrum were dissatisfied with the state of Gilded Age society; calls for reform were pervasive but Americans disagreed strongly over what kinds of reforms should be enacted
Old Questions, Old Answers
- Gilded Age extremes of wealth and poverty challenged old Jeffersonian ideals that described America as an egalitarian nation of small farmers and craftsmen.
- Changes in American politics also challenged old understandings of the public interest
Is wealth a good thing?
Should the rich be allowed to keep all the money they earn? Or does the public have a right to a portion of that money?
Should businesses compete or cooperate? Are we better served by an economy made up of small competing businesses, or one dominated by a handful of large monopolies?
What should guide a voter when casting his or her ballot? Whose interests should an elected office holder serve?
For a long time, Americans thought they knew the answers to these questions. Informed primarily by the agrarian vision of thinkers like Thomas Jefferson, Americans valorized a nation of small, independent farmers and craftsmen. Wealth was suspect—it generated vice and it corrupted people and nations. Competition was valued as a source of innovation and efficiency. In addition, the hard-working small producers of this economic vision were thought to make ideal citizens. Uncorrupted by wealth, and rendered impervious to political pressure by their economic self-sufficiency, they were able, rationally and virtuously, to recognize and promote the communal interest that should lie at the center of public policy. Citizenship and patriotism were equated with self-sacrifice, the subordination of self-interest to the greater good of the nation.
But during the Gilded Age, this vision was challenged. The huge changes in the American economy forced a reconsideration of these long-held, but perhaps obsolete values. The emergence of much larger business enterprises, the generation of much greater individual fortunes, and the surfacing of a new type of politician forced Americans to reconsider the values defining American society and politics.
Addressing the New Dimensions of the American Economy
- Huge industrial monopolies did not fit into old American ideology of small producers, forcing Americans to develop new economic philosophies
- Social Darwinists like Herbert Spencer argued that cutthroat competition was natural and that embodied "survival of the fittest"
- John D. Rockefeller argued that the age of the individual was over and that only large monopolies could provide order
- Socialist Daniel De Leon argued that government coordination of the economy was necessary to provide stability
The challenge to traditional American ideals began with the sheer size of America's new industries. In 1900, Andrew Carnegie operated eight steel mills and produced more than 4 million tons of steel annually.39 John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil operated dozens of refineries, controlled roughly 90% of the nation's oil, and generated $57 million in profits in 1904.40 How did an industrial empire like Carnegie's fit into the old republican vision? How could Rockefeller's monopoly on oil refining, built by driving his competitors out of business, be squared with the old republican vision of a nation of small producers?
One answer was provided by Social Darwinism. Social theorists like William Sumner and Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin's theories of natural selection to the economy and argued that the ascendance of these industrial giants was "natural." Competition was nature's way of achieving progress. At times the process could be harsh; there were inevitable casualties. But competition ensured that the human race marched individually and collectively toward a better future.
Another, and in many ways quite different, answer was provided by John D. Rockefeller himself. Rather than celebrate the competition in which he had prevailed, he lamented the waste that had accompanied the contest. He looked forward not to further competition, but to the end of competition and the archaic vision of economic individualism of which it was a part. He argued that the age of the individual and the era of competition were dead. This was an age of consolidation and cooperation. The capital demands of the new industrial order were too great for the individual, and competition between businesses produced wasteful chaos. And indeed, Rockefeller's own experience in the oil fields seemed to bear this out. America's oil industry passed through periods of boom and bust in its infancy. Every new oil strike inspired waves of new fortune seekers and consequently rapid over-expansion. Invariably, oil markets were soon saturated, leading to collapsing prices and business failures.
Just as Rockefeller had brought order to the oil industry by swallowing up his competitors, he argued that all of America's new industries would benefit from the responsible management provided by a handful of industry leaders. By carefully managing production and distribution, these industrial leaders would provide American consumers with a steady supply of needed goods.
It might be easy to dismiss Rockefeller's argument as a self-serving rationale for his own monopoly and the cutthroat methods he utilized in eliminating his competitors. But what is striking is that even those on the other side of the political spectrum shared a good deal of his vision. Daniel De Leon, editor of The People and a leader in the Socialist Labor Party, agreed with Rockefeller that the age of the individual was dead. The economy was too complex; the industrial order was too large. He further agreed that cutthroat competition was wasteful, and that the new economy required central management. But he believed that the government, not private industrialists like Rockefeller, should provide this direction.
De Leon, echoing the communist theorist Karl Marx, suggested that the economy was like an orchestra which had been performing without a conductor for too long. Those who believed that the various instruments of the orchestra could be harmoniously tied together by some invisible hand were deluding themselves. Without a "central directing authority," he argued, economies collapsed into chaos.41 Or even worse, they were dominated by the self-serving ambitions of people De Leon described as industrial tyrants—men like John D. Rockefeller. What was needed, concluded De Leon, was a central directing authority committed to the welfare of the greater community—by overseeing production, by managing the allocation and distribution of resources, the government would ensure more beautiful and more equitable economic music.
Reconciling Wealth and Republicanism
- In old republican ideology, great wealth was morally suspect
- Great wealth of Gilded Age required new thinking about the morality of money
- Populist leader James Weaver demanded leveling of income inequality
- Industrialist Andrew Carnegie argued that the wealthy must live modestly and use their fortunes to elevate all civilization
While Rockefeller and De Leon debated the best way to manage the size of America's economic realties, others debated the meaning and the legitimacy of the new wealth that this economy generated. In Jefferson's vision, wealth was suspect—it bred luxury and vice, and it raised frightening visions of a European aristocracy. It softened people's moral fiber and undermined the virtue that was essential to good citizenship. But during the Gilded Age, Americans witnessed the growth of personal fortunes of unprecedented dimension. Homes of unprecedented size lined posh urban streets, and newspapers provided elaborate accounts of gaudy social events that violated traditional understandings of material moderation. Could America—a nation built on republican values of material restraint—absorb this sort of wealth and still retain its traditional virtue?
James Baird Weaver, a leader in the farmer's reform movement known as Populism, said no. He noted that Dives and Lazarus—Biblical characters representing wealth and poverty—"always make their appearance side by side in disturbing contrast just before the tragic stage of revolution is reached."42 He denounced the ostentatious displays of wealth alongside desperate urban poverty, and he summoned farmers and laborers to transform the political structures that supported this inequity.
That Weaver, a spokesman for common farmers, would find revolutionary meaning in these gaudy displays of wealth is not surprising. But Andrew Carnegie, one of the richest men in the world, was almost as severe in his criticism of contemporary uses of wealth. In his 1889 essay, "The Gospel of Wealth," Carnegie offered an interesting take—part critique, part apologetic—for America's new affluence.
Carnegie suggested, for starters, that wealth could play a useful role in America. Certain institutions like museums, colleges, and libraries required a level of capital investment that only wealthy industrialists could provide. History's great civilizations had always depended on the resources of the wealthy to promote the cultural achievements that future generations celebrated. But in order to fill this philanthropic role, America's industrial aristocracy needed to live frugal, modest lives. They must shun the ostentatious displays—the palatial houses, the indulgent amusements—and instead model moderation for all those beneath them on the social ladder. Most fundamentally, the wealthy should not view their wealth as their private possession, or even truly "their own." Instead they should view their money as "trust funds" that it was their "duty to administer" on behalf of the community.43
There was much that was self-serving in Carnegie's formulation—he had employed cutthroat tactics in building his steel empire; his workers worked twelve-hour days and their attempts at union organizing had been brutally crushed in the Homestead Strike of 1892. For many workers, there seemed to be something condescending in a philosophy that preferred libraries over a living wage—a philosophy that suggested people were better served by a museum or a park than a higher standard of living. But there may have also been a great deal of truth in Carnegie's observation that republics, like the United States, depended on wealthy industrialists to build cultural monuments. With neither a traditional aristocracy nor an established church, America lacked the institutions that had sponsored Europe's great cultural achievements.
Moreover, there was an arrow in Carnegie's gospel directed toward self-indulgent industrialists as well. He condemned those who died wealthy, and who failed to properly steward the wealth with which they had been entrusted. And he was equally critical of inherited wealth. Leaving a fortune to one's heirs was "most injudicious," he wrote. Quite often, the beneficiaries of this misguided generosity "become impoverished through their follies." To encourage the rich to dispose of their wealth judiciously during their lifetimes, he supported a much higher estate tax—that is, a higher tax on a person's wealth at the time of their death. "Of all the forms of taxation, this seems the wisest," he observed. It would ensure that the community received the share to which it was entitled. And it would enable the community to make a statement as to its values— to implicitly express what Carnegie called its "condemnation of the selfish millionaire's unworthy life."44
Rethinking Citizenship
- Republican ideology required that politicians act as virtuous servants of the public interest
- Gilded Age politicians like Tammany Hall's George Washington Plunkitt argued for new system of "honest graft"; others called it simply corruption
Carnegie, Rockefeller, Weaver, and De Leon all challenged Americans to think about the character of their emerging economy. America's political ideology faced an equally dramatic and direct challenge during these years. No person more fully or more bluntly summed up this ideological challenge than George Washington Plunkitt.
Plunkitt was a member of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine that dominated New York politics through the second half of the nineteenth century. He held a few offices, but for the most part his political influence was wielded on the edges of the political system—as a party boss responsible for mobilizing the working-class voters, many of them immigrants, upon which the party relied to maintain its power.
In explaining his work to a reporter at the turn of the century, Plunkitt advanced an entirely new understanding of citizenship and political service. In his mind, self-interest and self-enrichment were legitimate parts of both roles. For example, as a member of the Tammany machine, he used insider information to grow rich. His political connections would feed him tips, such as where the new city park was to be built, and he would swoop in and buy up all the land before the city's news went public, driving up the land's value. He framed his behavior within the language of the American dream—"I seen my opportunities and I took 'em."45 But earlier generations would have summarily rejected his jaded take on this old adage as nothing more than corrupt selfishness.
Plunkitt similarly reconceived the political role of the common citizen. Just as he was unapologetic in defending his use of political power to pursue his own financial gain, he argued that the electorate had an equal right to expect government to deliver the goods—a government job, a city contract, help with a ticket or a license. In fact, he described a citizen's vote as a "marketable commodity"—something a voter sold to the highest bidder, that is, the candidate who promised him the most for his vote.46 This was a far cry from Thomas Jefferson's call to disinterested public service, the surrender of self-interest to the welfare of the community. But in Plunkitt's view, citizenship, and even patriotism, were more about personal rewards than personal sacrifice. His musings were filled with stories of "patriotic" young men whose national spirit had been crushed when they were denied a city job. In one of these tragic tales, the jilted patriot eventually died in Cuba, fighting for America's Spanish enemy.
The key to Plunkitt's power was the favor-seeking voters who did his bidding on Election Day. Plunkitt built a following from the ground up—and he offered their votes to politicians who promised him information from which he could profit and city jobs that he could distribute back to his followers. Consequently, Plunkitt's great nemesis was civil service reform. A batch of reform measures dating to the 1870s, civil service sought to remove public jobs from the control of politicians like Plunkitt. In cities where these reforms were implemented, job seekers had to take a test, and positions were awarded on the basis of performance. In effect, civil service reform was an attempt to restore the meritocratic ideal that Jefferson had introduced in somewhat different form under the guise of a "natural aristocracy." Jefferson had argued that good government found ways to elevate the most "talented and virtuous" among the public; civil service reform sought to identify those most fit for public bureaucracies through examinations. But for a politician like Plunkitt, these reforms were a curse—they threatened to undermine the entire system of entrepreneurial government that served him, and many of his followers, so well.
Plunkitt's ideas clashed sharply with traditional notion of political behavior; fortunately most Americans still find his views unsettlingly corrupt. But what is most striking, and most important, about Plunkitt's ideas is that he presented them to the public willingly. He made no attempts to hide his philosophy. He was not offering a soul-bearing confession. He was introducing a new political ideology—a new definition of citizenship and even patriotism. And his ability to succeed with this philosophy, and then lay it before the public, speaks to the dramatic transformation of America's social and political environment during the last decades of the nineteenth century.
Like Rockefeller, Carnegie, De Leon, and Weaver, Plunkitt was addressing the realities of the new order. And while Plunkitt's ideas may seem the most jarring to contemporary ears, Rockefeller's and De Leon's proclamation that the age of the individual was over was just as disturbing in their own time. And before we judge Plunkitt too harshly, we should remember that he succeeded as long as he did because a large number of New York's voters supported and benefitted from his methods. Plunkitt's pragmatic, service-exchanging approach to government, while deeply contrary to traditional notions of public service, offered something to New York's working-class immigrant population that no other public agency was willing to provide.
Eventually city, state, and federal government officials would embrace the idea that government should play a part in solving the public's small problems—that is, they would adopt that part of Plunkitt's philosophy that suggested that improving the daily lives of common people was one of government's responsibilities. Americans would similarly draw upon the ideas of Carnegie in reconciling traditional republican values with the new levels of personal wealth, just as they would borrow from the ideas of Rockefeller and De Leon in resolving the tension between the values of competition and benefits of consolidation and central management.
In other words, the Gilded Age changed both America and the ways we think about America. By the turn of the century, America looked much different than it did fifty years earlier, and Americans had begun to find new answers to old questions.


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The project
An assortment of work is planned, including the installation of storm water drainage on North Main, the construction of new sidewalks, curb and gutters on North Main, plus the grading and overlaying of the Main Street driving surface.
"We did break open the 100 block. We've started on the east side in front of the (Mark Twain) museum. The reason why we started there is there's donor pavers and trays we have to build into that which will take us a little while longer," said Brian Chaplin, project manager for the city. "You can see the festival boxes are being installed now."
What's next
"Once we get that little section done we will jump to the west side and remove the whole west side of the 100 block at one time and hopefully get it in by Folklife," said Chaplin. "In a couple weeks we're going to start paving and building out these streets and get new blacktop down."
Anticipated cost
Bleigh Construction's original bid was $828,000. When the design of the project was revised, it required passage of a construction change order by the City Council of an additional $196,654.
When engineering and design service contracts, plus a handful of other related costs are factored in, another $215,000 is added to the project's total cost.
Who's paying
The state has designated $353,034 for the project. A portion of the construction costs will be split between the city and North Main property owners, who in 2011 agreed to help offset a funding shortfall by paying a special assessment.
Projected date for completion
The latest estimate is that much of the work will take until around the second week of November.
Each week, the Courier-Post is documenting the improvements taking place in downtown Hannibal. For more information, contact:
Journalist Danny Henley
Mail P.O. Box A, Hannibal, MO, 63401
Email danny.henley
Phone (573) 248-2752
Fax (573) 221-5800
Location, ST | website.com


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Follow your own path JUN 27 2012
David Brooks has some advice for artists, musicians, politicians, and the like: appreciate the tremendous power of your particularity.
We carry this need for paracosms into adulthood. It's a paradox that the artists who have the widest global purchase are also the ones who have created the most local and distinctive story landscapes. Millions of people around the world are ferociously attached to Tupac Shakur's version of Compton or J.K. Rowling's version of a British boarding school or Downton Abbey's or Brideshead Revisited's version of an Edwardian estate.
Millions of people know the contours of these remote landscapes, their typical characters, story lines, corruptions and challenges. If you build a passionate and highly localized moral landscape, people will come.
Brooks roots these story landscapes to place but it's easily expanded to any individual differentiator. Take tech companies. Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft...they all embody the particularity of their founders and have found success because of it.


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'A World of Characters': TV ad icons show at SFO MuseumAugust 4, 2014 Updated: August 5, 2014 9:49am
Photo: SFO Museum
Jeff Gallagher and Jeff Fiorito of Santa Cruz were in the departure lobby at San Francisco International Airport recently when they saw something that reminded them there was once a way of travel that had nothing to do with standing in line to put your belt and shoes in a plastic bucket.
To continue reading this story, you will need to be a digital subscriber to SFChronicle.com.
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SEOUL: North Korea test-fired 16 short-range rockets into the sea yesterday, the South's military said — the latest of dozens launched in recent weeks in apparent protest at joint drills between Seoul and Washington. The launches took place between about 1am (1600 GMT on Saturday) and 2:30am off the North's east coast, a South Korean defence ministry spokesman said.
"They were rockets with a range of about 60km," he said, adding the projectiles were old versions of Russian-made, unguided Frog rockets. It is not unusual for Pyongyang to carry out such tests but there has been a spate of them in recent weeks. About 70 short-range rockets have been fired into the sea this month, including 30 on Saturday.
Analysts say the launches are an expression of Pyongyang's anger at ongoing annual South Korean-US military drills, which run until next month. The North has habitually criticised the exercises, along with other military drills staged south of the border, as practice for an invasion. Seoul and Washington insist they are purely defensive in nature.
South Korea and the US have called for an end to the "provocative tests". As tension rise on the peninsula, the South's President Park Geun-Hye is expected to hold a summit with Chinese leader Xi Jinping to reportedly discuss issues including curbing the North's nuclear ambitions.
Park and Xi will meet on the sidelines of a nuclear security summit to be held in Hague, Park's spokesman said. AFP


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Definition of deserving in English:
Worthy of being treated in a particular way, typically of being given assistance: the deserving poor
More example sentences
- Why is that person more deserving of praise and respect than anyone else?
- The police are not any more deserving of respect than teachers, nurses or your local hooker.
- If so, then why not see some race or nation or class as more fully human and more deserving of respect and preservation than others?
respectable, decent, honorable, righteous
meriting, warranting, justifying, suitable for, worthy of
deservingly adverb
- Example sentences
- He pointed out that many a politician is being called 'the Honourable this and that' when he would more deservingly be called 'Dishonourable'!
- Thus the fly-away-five deservingly held on to the finish: though in fact there was mere seconds between the whole field at the finish.
- He was in awesome form, scoring two tries as Leicester rolled over the opposition and he deservingly won the coveted Man of the Match award.
deservingness noun
- Example sentences
- A noncomparative desert principle associates a proper amount of recognition, remuneration, or reward with an individual's particular level of deservingness.
- Here the concept of deservingness, or the extent to which an individual is perceived to be deserving of high quality health care, can mediate the treatment received.
- Moral ideas like deservingness or fairness have no role in this system.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: de·serv·ing
Definition of deserving in:
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= trending


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Latest Post:
Started By:
1052 days ago.
by R1KRA8
Term Limits: Good, bad or just plain ugly
Seems like whenever everyday people finally pay attention to Congress, the tirade of, "We need term limits" gets thrown out. But what do you think of the idea?
Member Comments
Politics should not be a career. It should be a service (with a modest salary) and then they find a job in the real world. Instead, politicians get paid exorbitant salaries, pension plans that the average American does not get, and better health plans than anyone else. Because of that, the goal is to get re-elected by their constituents and they will do whatever it takes to get that done. If our representatives didn't make a career out of politics, then maybe they would truly try to better our country based on their individual beliefs instead of following the party in order to secure votes in the next election. That is why I would favor term limits. Of course, a better alternative is to take away the high pay and the perks but since they vote themselves these things, that will never happen.
Posted 1055 days ago.
Term Limits are a knee jerk reaction in my opinion. Its also my opinion that it won't work. Corruption will just find a way to work in those limited time frames.
I think tying approval ratings to congressional pay and having a threshold of some kind that once the approval rating hits a certain low point new elections are triggered.
Heck maybe we should find them for poor performance.
Just a thought.
The absolute best thing to do is to fix the apathy and ignorance within the populace so that the bums don't ever get into office to begin with.
Posted 1056 days ago.
For me...I think it's a bad idea. It's rewarding the laziness of the non-voting public by giving them another excuse not to worry about voting.
"Who cares about the bum in Congress..another few years and he'll be out. So why do I have to vote?"
These would be the same people that probablt rail against a "nanny state" but wouldn't term limits be just that? The govt. setting up another form of protection for the people to save them from themselves.
Posted 1056 days ago.
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Tax Refunds Imminent As Colorado Economy ImprovesColorado's growing economy means tax refunds are on the horizon for residents.
After Floods, Colorado Getting Key Economic ReportIn the aftermath of flooding that devastated northern Colorado, state economists have begun to assess the financial impact of the disaster and are predicting a boost for some sectors.
Colorado Gets $400M In Military Construction Deals The military awarded more than $400 million worth of construction contracts in Colorado in 2012, roughly in line with other years but especially significant as the state slowly emerges from the recession.
Improving Economy Helps Colorado BudgetAn improving economy is giving Colorado more tax money to spend next year. And already, Democrats and Republicans at the Capitol are haggling over how to spend the money.


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- freely available
- re-usable
Green One Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines
AbstractPyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles are obtained via mixing ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes or ketones and malononitrile in the absence of solvent. These same products were also obtained by reacting arylidenemalononitriles 3 with 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones. NOE difference experiments confirmed that these products exist solely in the 2H form. Similar treatments of 3-amino-2-pyrazolin-5-one with arylidene-malononitrile afforded adduct 6. Similarly mixing ethyl cyanoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes, with malononitrile gave the same product 6. A novel synthesis of 4-oxo-4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (8) could be achieved via reacting 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one with a mixture of cyanoacetic acid and acetic anhydride. Similar treatment of 3-aminopyrazole 11 with the benzylidene-malononitrile produced the pyrazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines 12a,b.
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Al-Matar, H.M.; Khalil, K.D.; Adam, A.Y.; Elnagdi, M.H. Green One Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines. Molecules 2010, 15, 6619-6629.View more citation formats
Al-Matar HM, Khalil KD, Adam AY, Elnagdi MH. Green One Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines. Molecules. 2010; 15(9):6619-6629.Chicago/Turabian Style
Al-Matar, Hamad M.; Khalil, Khaled D.; Adam, Aisha Y.; Elnagdi, Mohamed H. 2010. "Green One Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines." Molecules 15, no. 9: 6619-6629.
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Crashes happen. The power goes out. And sometimes, people accidentally close a file without saving. To avoid losing all your work when stuff like that happens, make sure AutoRecover and AutoSave are turned on.
Click File > Options > Save.
Make sure the Save AutoRecover information every x minutes box is selected.
In Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, make sure the Keep the last autosaved version if I close without saving box is selected.
Important: The Save button is still your best friend. To be sure you don't lose your latest work, click Save (or press Ctrl+S) often.
To be extra safe, enter a small number in the minutes box, like 10. That way, you'll never lose more than 10 minutes of work.
On the other hand, if you want to make Office faster, try entering a larger number in the minutes box, like 20.
Learn more
AutoRecover saves more than your files. It also saves your workspace (if it can). Suppose you open several spreadsheets in Excel and the power goes out. When you restart Excel, AutoRecover tries to open your spreadsheets again, laid out the way they were before, with the same cells selected.
In Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, use AutoRecover to recover your Office files.


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Wednesday 31st August
What is a freelancer worth?
Posted at 2:36PM Monday 24 Mar 2014One of the hardest questions freelancers face when starting out is, "What should I charge?" It's an even harder question than deciding whether the salary for an in-house position is 'right' because there are so many unknowns. Do you offer low rates to get work? Do you offer high rates but allow yourself to be negotiated down?
There are lots of sources of general data to give you the ballpark, of course. The Society for Editors and Proofreaders in the UK conducts a regular survey of its members and publishes an annually revised list of suggested minimum rates. This makes an excellent starting point.
Society for Editors and Proofreaders suggested minimum freelance rates
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It was on Homecoming Day 1968 that Mrs. Atkinson displayed a few of her personal momentos on a table in the Parents and Friends Lounge of Venable Hall, thus beginning the effort to collect, restore, and preserve tangible objects reflecting the history of the College. Two years later, the growing collection moved to a spare room in the east end of Bagby Hall, accessible only through the classroom next door. In 1970, the Museum Board was established to set policies and to oversee the development of the Museum.
In 1976, the College Post Office moved into Graham Hall, thus leaving a new home for the Museum and its collection which was renovated for its new purpose. An exhibition was installed commemorating the rich history of the College and a small space in the rear of the building was used for storage. In 1982, the Museum was officially named the Esther Thomas Atkinson Museum of Hampden-Sydney College, and the Museum Associates was established. In 1990, the Student Museum Board, a group of student volunteers to help staff and care for the Museum objects, was established.
As the collection grew, the recognition for additional space was becoming more apparent, both for special exhibitions and storage of objects. In 1993, after a number of existing buildings were considered, the Museum and College Boards made the decision to build on an addition to the existing building. The building was not increased only exhibition space, but also storage space that allowed for a work area. In 1995, the storage and work area was named the Graves H. and Leila B. Thompson Conservation and Collections Center in honor of the two dedicated volunteers at the Museum.
Mrs. Atkinson died on Commencement Day, May 8, 1994, just two months before her 100th birthday. Mary Carroll Herdegen was engaged as the new Director-Curator of the Museum in the fall of 1994 and was instrumental in adding extensive educational programming for students in area schools and colleges.


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This is a PNGSCAPE site.
This is a notice board and on-line meeting place for Papua New Guineans and friends of Papua New Guinea living in the city of Melbourne and the State of Victoria in Australia. Post a message, tell a joke, make an announcement or just tell people you are around, this board is for you and is whatever you make it.
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Footscray is an option!!
March 22 2007 at 12:24 PM
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Holiday trip 2 melbourne
Hey, I live in Footscray and it's not that bad at all.
Off course, everywhere in the world you go, you're at risk to danger and a lot of other things.
Footscray is known to be a no-go-zone for many because of the drug addicts that hang around there. All you have to do is mind your own busines. They don't care about you, they're just there to do their own stuff, just like you. You'll only get into trouble if you ask for it. I've been living in this surburb for almost 2 years now and have come across odd people, but nothing bad has happened to me. As I said earlier, just mind your own business, but off course take precautions. Besides, Footscray holds a number of Markets and shops that sell food items that you'll find in P.N.G. To add to this, it's a very affordable place to live and it's central to all other places, (about 10 to 15 mins from the city and 20 to 30 from the Tullamarine airport).
Well, for all of you P.N.G people that think that Footscray is a bad place to live, at least it's not that bad as Moresby or Lae. You can still walk at night and don't get mugged by drunkeds or gangs.
Think Footscray if you're gonna be here on a temporary basis.
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A Baby Mammoth discovered? Yes, as Waking the Baby Mammoth, a National Geographic documentary reveals. See video, photos and find out more about this astonishingly well preserved baby mammoth, estimated to be 40,000 years old, which reveals so much about prehistoric life.
Waking the Baby Mammoth airs on National Geographic Channel on Sunday, April 26, 2009 at 9 p.m. ET/PT. The baby mammoth is also the cover story of the May issue of National Geographic magazine. The two-hour documentary was produced by Adrienne Ciuffo, directed by Pierre Stine and narrated by Victor Garber.
Waking the Baby Mammoth chronicles the amazing story of the baby mammoth, a female named Lyuba by scientists, who was only one month old at the time of her mysterious and as-yet unexplained death, 40,000 years ago, and reveals the forensic investigation that has ensued since the discovery, in Europe, Japan and North America.
A reindeer herder found the stunningly lifelike frozen baby mammoth on a riverbank in northwestern Siberia in 2007. To date, Lyuba is the most perfectly preserved woolly mammoth ever discovered. As such, the discovery has been a windfall for research scientists and the discovery made news worldwide. With the baby mammoth discovered, with it are many questions. Not least, how could she be so remarkably well preserved after 40,000 years? How did she die? What will a study of her reveal about the Ice Age? Can study of Lyuba reveal any new data about climate change? Can her DNA be extracted?
The mysterious death of the baby mammoth may have been due to a mud slide, scientists have postulated. Their preliminary analysis suggests that her remarkably preserved condition may result from the clay and silt that covered her and essentially "pickled" her.
"She was doing great, very healthy," says paleontologist Dan Fisher of the University of Michigan, part of the international team researching Lyuba. "She just had this terrible misfortune."
The National Geographic 'Waking the Baby Mammoth' title refers to the efforts of scientists to 'awaken' the baby mammoth, through their investigations, using CGI animation to recreate Ice Age and travel forward in time. Scientists have used all existing methods of woolly mammoth research which include advanced computed tomography (CT) scanning and DNA analysis, to find out more about the woolly mammoth species and its ultimate extinction.
The highly anticipated National Geographic Channel Waking the Baby Mammoth airs on Sunday, April 26, 2009 at 9 p.m. ET/PT. See also the channel's Web site for an overview, photos and videos.
More baby mammoth photos and National Geographic Waking the Baby Mammoth video below.
Photos: National Geographic Channel


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Alzheimer's disease -- fiction
Peter Friedman has been training as a baseball pitcher his entire life. He and his best friend A.J. have always planned on making and dominating their high school team. But you can't always count on your plans to work out. Curveball: The Year I Lost My Grip is one teen's journey to figure out what Plan B is.
Marcus, the new kid in town, wants to tryout for the undefeated high school football team in Pop, by Gordon Korman. While training by himself at a local park, he meets Charlie, a massive 50-something-year-old man with powerful football skills that he shares with Marcus. Estranged from the teammates who don't want to accept an outsider, Marcus's growing friendship with Charlie gives him a sense of belonging. But Marcus also begins to see that something about Charlie isn't quite right. For an old guy, he's a charismatic prankster who acts like a big kid, can't remember Marcus's name and runs away at the first sign of trouble. Then Marcus discovers that Charlie is actually a former NFL linebacker known as "The King of Pop."


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BMW looks set to introduce a new range-topping X4 to its ever-expanding lineup, after our spies spotted this heavily camouflaged prototype testing in Spain. Several design tweaks and a new exhaust system could indicate this as an M Performance model possibly badged as the M40i.
Most noticeable at the front is a darkened kidney grille and the swathes of body cladding around the lower section of the body indicate a new body kit could be fitted to differentiae it from the current xDrive35i range-topper. However, there aren't enough styling changes that would denoted this as the X4M. Unique wing mirrors, lowered suspension and a more aggressive exterior look usually indicted the performance flagship models.
At the rear, BMW has failed to hide the most obvious change, the new exhaust system. Rather than the pair of tailpipes positioned to the left side of the rear bumper on the most powerful xDrive35i, this prototype can be seen with two oval pipes at either side of the bumper.
Under the bonnet is likely to be a more potent version of the 3.0-litre six-cylinder engine, with power possibly up 296bhp to around 340bhp. Currently, however, UK buyers only have the option of diesel powered X4s, meaning if this is a higher-powered petrol model the likelihood of it being made available in the UK is slim.
Now take a look at our round up of the fastest SUVs currently on sale


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|Cole R A, - NAT WILDLIFE HLTH CTR
|Lindsay David S, - DEPT PATHOBIO, AUBURN UN
|Blagburn B L, - COL VET MED, AUBURN UN
|Sorjonen D C, - COL VET MED, AUBURN UN
|Dubey, Jitender
Submitted to: Journal of Parasitology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: January 6, 1995
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Infection by the protozoan parasite, Neospora caninum causes paralysis and death in dogs and abortion in livestock. Its life cycle and sources of infection are unknown. The transplacental route of infection is the only proven mode of transmission. It is not known if N. caninum can cause abortion in dogs. Scientists at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and the Auburn University, Alabama have found that N. caninum causes fetal death and resorption in bitches infected during the early part of gestation. These findings will be helpful to dog breeders and veterinary pathologists.
Technical Abstract: Herein we report the development of a canine model to examine transplacental and/or transmammary transmission of Neospora caninum. Six pregnant bitches were experimentally infected with N. caninum on day 21 of gestation. One bitch successfully delivered a litter of 3 live pups. These pups showed slight proprioception deficits, increased muscle tone and spasticity in both pelvic limbs; however, N. caninum was neither demonstrated by bioassay in cell culture, nor seen in histological sections of tissues from these pups. The remaining 5 bitches aborted. Neospora caninum was isolated from tissues of 4 of the experimentally infected bitches and pups from 2 of the miscarried litters. Experimental infections of 2 litters of 5-day-old nursing pups produced variable results. Neospora caninum was isolated from 2 of 2 inoculated pups in 1 litter and 3 of 6 inoculated pups in the second litter.


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Day-to-day things, the mundane, are what keeps the motor running. How extraordinary the ordinary really is, a tool we all use to keep going, a template for sanity.
Cecelia Ahern
Source: Thanks for the Memories: A Novel, Pages: 289
Contributed by: Tsuya
Fast drivers can see no further than slow drivers, but they must look further down the road to time their reactions safely. Similarly, people with great projects afoot habitually look further and more clearly into the future than people who are mired in day-to-day concerns.
Robert Grudin
Source: Time and the Art of Living, Pages: 2
Contributed by: Siona
Everything spiritual is mundane, and everything mundane is spiritual.
Source: gia combs-ramirez
Contributed by: giacr
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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The blog has transitioned from writings of random thoughts, photography, about travel, poetry, personal anecdotes, architecture and now Organic Gardening. My latest obsession is Grow, Eat, Love
Sunday, August 16, 2009
Incoherent words
Incoherent lines
Partial poetry
Within a partial life
Once again the need to fly
Once again the need to sense
How many times
Will I fall and rise
How many times
Will my emotions
Ah! These small miracles
Devil in disguise
Posted by Lavannya Goradia at 10:31 AM
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Click here to go to the AAAHC e-app page where you can create an account to begin an application or login to continue an application in progress.
Click here if you are applying for Medical Home On-Site Certification only. Learn more about this program.
Copyright © 2015 Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care


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Weather Alerts
NOPD makes arrest in Friday fatal hit-and-run in MarignyUPDATED 6:33 PM CDT Jul 09, 2013
Andy LaPlante was celebrating a friend's bachelor party when he got separated from the group.Video Transcript
WITHIN THE PAST 10 MINUTES - WE'VE LEARNED THE N-O-P-D HAS MADE AN ARREST IN ANOTHER HIT AND RUN CASE. OFFICER ARRESTED 29- YEAR-OLD MICHAEL ANTHONY BROWN, JUNIOR ..AND CHARGED HIM WITH HIT AND RUN, MANSLAUGHTER AND OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE. POLICE SAY HE WAS DRIVING THE VEHICLE THAT HIT AND KILLED 24- YEAR-OLD ANDY LAPLANTE AT THE INTERSECTION OF ST. CLAUDE AND MUSIC EARLY FRIDAY MORNING. ACCORDING TO FAMILY MEMBERS...LAPLANTE WAS CELEBRATING A FRIENDS BACHELOR PARTY THURSDAY NIGHT WHEN HE GOT SEPARATED FROM THE GROUP. HIS SISTER TALKED TO W-D-S-U SHORTLY AFTER HIS FUNFERAL TODAY IN HIS HOMETOWN OF MANDEVILLE. It's devastated us, I mean he hasn't even lived yet...ya know...he's 24, he had plans to go back to school, he wanted to do music.. AGAIN - A SUSPECT IS NOW IN CUSTODY IN THIS CASE- AGAIN - A SUSPECT IS NOW IN CUSTODY IN THIS CASE- MICHAEL ANTHONY BROWN, JUNIOR .... - AND WILL HAVE MORE ON THIS NEW DEVELOPMENT COMING UP ON WDSU NEWS AT SIX. ON FRIDAY FAMILY AND FRIENDS
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Puppies 3D
What parents need to know
Parents Need to Know
Parents need to know that Puppies 3D is a cute, feel-good puppy simulation game. The 3D graphics doesn't add much to the game and most kids won't notice or care if it's turned off. While this title has appeal for younger kids, it relies heavily on your ability to read. Even the icons aren't necessarily what you'd expect they would be. This isn't your preschooler's puppy game. In addition to the reading requirement, you'll take your cues from the puppy. It's obvious when he wants to be fed, but he'll let you know he needs to go for a walk by scratching on the floor. And once outside, your puppy will relieve himself, just like a real puppy would do. Puppies 3D utilizes all aspects of the 3DS, including Street Pass, augmented reality, and the camera (you can take pictures and use them to create rooms in-game). Nintendo does not recommend 3D viewing for kids ages 6 and under. The 3D effects can be disabled in the device's Parental Controls.
User reviews
Parents say
Kids say
What's it about?
PUPPIES 3D invites you to adopt a puppy (or two or three) and care for him or her. You'll teach the pup tricks, feed him, bathe him, play games, and take him for walks, where you'll both meet new friends. By competing in competitions, your puppy can show off his skills and earn coins that you can use to purchase more food, bath products, toys, and decor. A set of challenges encourages kids to try new activities and meet goals. Over time, you can unlock new items to purchase.
Is it any good?
Despite some navigation challenges, Puppies 3D is a fun game with nice graphics and plenty of things to do. Kids will love walking around town with their puppy on a leash, meeting new friends and going shopping. The puppies are adorable, and it's just cute to watch them fetch a ball or flying disc. It's even cooler to play with your puppy virtually in your own living room using the AR (augmented reality) cards that came with your Nintendo 3DS. Teaching them tricks can be a bit tedious, especially if you're eager to get it done, but you'll want to pull out the dog treats when you finally see your little puppy rolling over or shaking paws for the first time. This is a gem of a game, only slightly hampered by an overcomplicated icon system.
Families can talk about...
Families can talk about the responsibility of caring for a pet. How is a virtual pet different from a real one?
How should you handle meeting new people in real life? Who is it safe to talk to? What should you say when you are introduced to someone new?
Families can also talk about being a good sport and the importance of practicing new skills if you want to be good at them.
Game details
|Nintendo 3DS
|Available online?
|Not available online
|Release date:
|November 8, 2011
|Cats, dogs, and mice, Friendship
|ESRB rating:
About Our Rating System
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The Silicon Valley Bank Startup Outlook 2012 is based on a survey of 270 private, mostly venture capital-backed, companies across the U.S. in software, life science, hardware and cleantech sectors. This is the third annual report identifying trends in startup performance, and requirements for growth.
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Smiley Coloured Contact Lenses spread sunshine all over the place…
- Complementary lens case included
- Smiley Coloured Contacts sold as pairs
- Daily wear; up to 90 days
Like the song says, grey skies are gonna clear up…put on a happy face! You might get tired of counting all the smiles as people notice your new Smiley Contact Lenses.
Your eyes won't be tired, though. Count on the all day comfort of our 38% water based fashion lenses.
Who? Whatever your natural eye colour, our fashion forward contacts are marvellous for everybody.
What? Unlike corrective lenses, our contacts won't affect your vision. Made to fit most people's eyes, they measure 14.3 mm in diameter and have a base curve of 8.6 mm. Like all our novelty lenses, Smiley coloured contacts are sold by the pair only.
Wear? When properly cared for, you can wear our quality contacts daily for up to 90 days. Be sure to remove lenses nightly, placing them safely in your free lens storage case.
You'll look so good you'll be glad you decided to smile! Buy a pair of Smiley Coloured Contact Lenses for yourself and a pair for a happy faced friend.


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Definition of prophetic in English:
1Accurately predicting what will happen in the future: his warnings proved prophetic
More example sentences
- The photo finish judge was to prove his words prophetic.
- Any writer can end up being prophetic, a predictor of the coming gloom.
- And who are the most successfully prophetic when it comes to predicting the future?
2Relating to or characteristic of a prophet or prophecy: the prophetic books of the Old Testament
More example sentences
- The prophetic books, especially, look forward to a return to this sort of paradise after the day of Judgement.
- Isaiah marks the beginning of the prophetic books of the Old Testament.
- He left Spain again, and in 1279 in Patras wrote his first prophetic book.
prescient, predictive, prophetical, far-seeing, prognostic, divinatory, oracular, sibylline, apocalyptic, fateful, revelatory, inspired
rare vatic, mantic, vaticinal, vaticinatory, prognosticative, augural, adumbrative, fatidic, fatidical
prophetical adjective
- Example sentences
- But this is the only factor absent from this prophetical jigsaw.
- The authority of the Bible, as our rule of faith, is demonstrated by its own separate and independent evidences, literary history, moral, internal, prophetical.
- His underlying point remains valid today, although, of course, we now hesitate to make historical statements about the narrative characters in the Elijah and Elisha prophetical stories.
- Example sentences
- 'Earthly lust leads to murder,' warns the older monk prophetically, and we watch as the seasons advance, and the young man journeys towards a kind of fraught enlightenment.
- Albert Einstein very prophetically said of the Mahatma, 'Generations to come, it may well be, will scarce believe that such a man as this, ever in flesh and blood, walked upon this earth.'
- Ustinov was only 17 when he took his bow in theatre and a year later he faced a movie camera in a film, prophetically titled 'Hullo Fame'.
Late 15th century: from French prophétique or late Latin propheticus, from Greek prophētikos 'predicting' (see prophet).
Words that rhyme with propheticaesthetic (US esthetic), alphabetic, anaesthetic (US anesthetic), antithetic, apathetic, apologetic, arithmetic, ascetic, athletic, balletic, bathetic, cosmetic, cybernetic, diabetic, dietetic, diuretic, electromagnetic, emetic, energetic, exegetic, frenetic, genetic, Helvetic, hermetic, homiletic, kinetic, magnetic, metic, mimetic, parenthetic, pathetic, peripatetic, phonetic, photosynthetic, poetic, prothetic, psychokinetic, splenetic, sympathetic, syncretic, syndetic, synthetic, telekinetic, theoretic, zetetic
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: pro|phet¦ic
Definition of prophetic in:
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Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
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The Seattle Times
SEATTLE — Second-degree manslaughter charges have been filed against a mother and her boyfriend in connection with the accidental shooting of the woman's toddler at a Tacoma gas station earlier this month.
Jahnisha McIntosh and Eric Vita committed a series of negligent acts that allowed McIntosh's 3-year-old son to access the gun that he used to fatally shoot himself in the head March 14, said Pierce County Prosecutor Mark Lindquist.
The boy, Julio Segura-McIntosh, shot himself while he and his 8-month-old sister were in McIntosh's minivan, which was parked at a Tacoma service station. Neither adult was in the vehicle.
"There are safe ways to store a gun in a car," Lindquist said Wednesday. "This wasn't one of them."
When McIntosh, 22, pulled into a gas station near the Tacoma Mall shortly after midnight, Vita, 23, took the loaded 9 mm handgun from his waistband and tucked it under the front passenger seat before he went into the store, according to charging documents. Julio, who was in a booster seat, unbuckled his seat belt, made his way up to the driver's seat and asked his mother for candy, prosecutors said. As he stood there, McIntosh took the handgun from under the passenger seat and tucked it under her own seat, according to the charges.
Vita returned to the car and began pumping gas while McIntosh got out of the minivan and went into the store, the charges said.
"Moments later, a gunshot came from inside the van," according to a news release from the prosecutor's office. "Julio was found on the front passenger floorboard with a gunshot wound to his head."
McIntosh and Vita were scheduled to make their initial appearance on the manslaughter charges Wednesday afternoon in Pierce County Superior Court. If convicted as charged they each face a standard sentence range of 21 to 27 months in prison, Lindquist said.
Vita's attorney, David Gehrke, told KOMO-TV that his client was being careful and that the shooting would not have happened had McIntosh stayed in the car. Gehrke said he did not think McIntosh should be prosecuted because the loss of her son's life was punishment enough.
"This was a horrific tragedy," Gehrke said. "Everybody involved is still shocked … and feels horrible about it."
Vita has a concealed-weapons permit. He told investigators that he left the handgun in the minivan because the last time he was at a gas station the clerk spotted the handgun in his waistband and police were called, according to charging documents.
The toddler's death was the third accidental shooting of a child within three weeks in Washington's Puget Sound region.


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Skin and Skin Care
Sauermann et al. have investigated age-related changes of human skin with histometric measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. The confocal laser scanning microscope allows skin to be studied in real-time with a resolution of 0.5 mm horizontal and 1.3 um vertical in vivo. In this study, the authors present the results of a comparison between the skin of an older and a younger group of volunteers by an in vivo histometric measurements. To investigate changes caused by age, 13 young (18-25 years) and 13 older (>65 years) volunteers were examined.
From Investigating Aging to Acrylic Polymers in Sunscreens
May 6, 2003 | Contact Author | By: Charles Fox
- Article
- Keywords/Abstract
Branded Content
Introducing BASF's new Experiential Skin Care – BASF Introduces Experiential Skin Care
What are Oligomers for LED Curable Nail Gel Coatings? – Dymax Corporation
Formulation Friendly and Effective BioTransformed Natural Extracts – BCR
Brightness, High Chroma Effects Focus for New High-Performance Pigments – BASF
Keywords: patents
Abstract: Technical talk from investigating aging to acrylic polymers in sunscreens.
Skin and Skin Care
Supplied By
Z-Cote LSA
Z-COTE LSA provides broad-spectrum protection from long wave UVA rays and medium wave UVB rays by physically scattering, reflecting and absorbing solar radiation.
- Zinc Oxide
- Triethoxycaprylylsilane
- UVA, UVB Sunscreen
- UVA Protection
- UVB Protection


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- Overview
- Transcript
- View Offline
After touring the possibilities of macro photography, the course details essential gear at several price levels, including lenses, flashes, and other accessories. Next, Ben explores the special challenges of macro photography: dealing with moving subjects, working with extremely shallow depth of field, focusing, lighting, and more.
The course also explores advanced close-up tools and post-processing techniques, such as using Adobe Photoshop to "stack" multiple shots to yield wider depth of field than a single shot can convey.
- What is a macro photograph?
- What is a macro lens?
- Finding good subject matter
- Evaluating macro gear like extension tubes and tilt-shift lenses
- Composing and framing shots
- Exploring depth of field
- Lighting macro shots
- Working with light tables
- Editing macro shots
Skill Level Intermediate
No matter what type of macro subject matter you like to shoot, once you get out in the field, you're going to have to be prepared for this kind of thing, for actually laying in the dirt. A lot of times the small things in the world are close to the ground. And, to get the angle that you want, you're really going to have to get down your hands and knees, or lay down. If you are going to be shooting flowers, or insects, or other things that are moving on their own, or being moved by the wind, you may be laying there for a long time waiting for exactly the right moment. So, just be prepared for that. Before you go out, don't go out macro shooting in your Armani or something, because you're very likely going to get it messed up.
I've seen this little daffodil here, and decided that I want to try and take a look at it. Something we haven't talked about in the studio is just how significant the background in your scene is, and how sometimes difficult it is to manage the background in your scene. Once you frame up the shot, the camera position that you take is going to have a dramatic impact on exactly what your background looks like, what's in it. That's true, of course, in regular scale photography, but in macro, a change of just a millimeter or two can make a big difference.
But before you even get to that point, background is a significant thing to think about. One of the difficulties that you have when you're starting to shoot macro is you simply don't know what makes good macro subject matter. Moving through the world at normal size scale, it's difficult to understand that, "Oh! That little flower down there might actually be really interesting." I think one of the reasons it's difficult to understand that is that when you look down at it, you see all this other stuff behind it. You see I've got dirt clods, and leaves, and slimy caterpillar thing down here. And, when I look down at that, I think "Well there is no good composition there, because the background is too cluttered." What's difficult to remember and pre- visualize is that at the macro scale, your background is going to go so soft, and potentially some detail is that all those problems may vanish.
So, that's something that you'll get better at understanding as you start shooting more. And very often, I'll find that well, maybe there's an interesting macro shot there. I'll look through the camera and immediately go, "Oh! There is a very interesting macro shot here." Because now that the background is out of play, my compositional options change. This is going to be a very simple composition. I am just going to grab the flower, and fill as much of the frame with it as I can, which of course, is all about getting, figuring out what my closest focusing distance is, and I can actually get pretty close.
I don't have any extension tubes with me. So, let me just show you the first framing that I'm working with. I am shooting here at ISO 100 at f/5.6. So, I am just at a mid-range aperture, and I get something like this. Right off the bat, I can see that I've got some depth of field issues. First thing I need to do is decide where do I want in focus on this flower? And ideally, I think I like to have the whole thing. It's pretty small, it's not too deep, and I am not super close up.
So, I think I can get the whole thing in focus. I've got the edge of that middle structure in focus, but the petels are soft, and I think I'd like to see them sharper. So, I am going to go ahead and dial down to f/11. And when I do that, I am going to run into some potential shutter speed problems here. I am down to 25th of a second. My lens is stabilized, so I can probably hand-hold at 25th of a second. Okay, but there is a tiny bit of a breeze here. It's moving the flower just a little bit. You may not even be able to see it happening, but at macro scale, it's pretty pronounced. So, I am going to go ahead and bump my ISO up, and let's see, 1600. I am now seeing at 200th of a second.
That's actually a little more than I need. So, for the sake of noise reduction, I am going to go down to ISO 800, which gets me at about 100th of a second. I think that will be enough motion-stopping power. So, I am going to focus on the front of the flower. Now, you may be used to at, when you're shooting landscapes, that you follow the rule that a third of your depth of field is in front of your focus point, and two-thirds is behind. At macro distances, it's pretty much half and half. So, I am going to focus on the . . . actually, I am not going to focus on the front of the flower. I am going to focus on the middle of the flower, hoping that my depth of field will be more evenly distributed in front, and behind that focus point, and I am going to take a shot.
And, I think I've got better depth of field there. Of course, it's hard to tell on the camera's viewfinder, so I might bracket my focus a little bit, focus at a few different depths, and see what I can come up with. But, look what's happened at the background. Just that little bit of aperture change is bringing in more detail into the background, and I am getting some visible green patches, and things like that. So, I need to be maybe use my depth of field preview button a little more, and try to predict what my aperture changes are going to do to my background, and decide how smooth, and empty I need my background. Because if I need it a little more blurred out than that, then I am going to have to give up some of my depth of field.
So, these are the issues that I am constantly battling in shooting macro. So, look at the difference in these. Just I am making tiny little movements, and I am getting big changes in blobs of color in my background. I want to keep my deep depth of field. I am still not sure where my point of focus should be. But, I really want to keep my deep depth of field, and I'm not willing to open up my aperture to lose some of that background. So, I am going to try something else now. I am going to try and eliminate the background using my flash.
I have here just an off-camera, all-manual flash. If you don't have a flash, this particular flash that I am working with is a great option. it's a Yongnuo. Y-O-N-G-N-U-O. It's a very nice, very powerful flash, all-manual that you can get for about 75 bucks off of Amazon. I've got an off-camera flash cord here, so I am going to put this on. And, the way that I am going to work this is I am going to just go ahead and set my shutter speed at about 200th of a second, actually exactly at 200th of a second.
And, I am going to underexpose here. The idea being if I underexpose, I will darken the background, and that will allow me to not see all that stuff in the background that I always see. And, the flash is going to serve to light up my flowers. So, let me get my shot framed here. Now, I am in Manual Mode, just using my meter here. All right! Last time I was using Manual Exposure, I was using a very, very slow shutter speed. Okay.
So, I am going to dial down my exposure some, and see what I can come up with here in the way of a darker background. Okay. So, now my whole image is too dark. So, what I want to do now . . . . I like that. That's going to be the color of the background or the tone of the background. I am just turning on my flash. I have a soft box on the front of my flash. This is just a cheap soft box that gives me a lot of diffusion. I don't want to point it down at the ground, because that's going to just put back in all the light that I just took out. And, I am just going to flash it here from the side. And, there we go! Now, I have my flower nice and illuminated, and my background darkened up.
So, I've got a number of different ways of manipulating my background here. I can change my depth of field to blur or soften the background. I can change my camera position by teeny, tiny little amounts to change what's in the background, or I can underexpose the background, and use the flash to light up the foreground to create isolation that way. The important lesson here is to understand that you really need to pay attention to background in your macro shots, because with your everyday eyes, it can be very difficult to predict exactly what the background is going to look like.


text:
As far as I know there is no known issues. However, before upgrading the OS,
take safecopies of the following folders under Veritas\Backup Exec\NT:
-Data folder
-Catalogs folder
-Pvl.mdb file (in the NT folder)
So in case of Backup Exec failure during upgrade you can then uninstall and
reinstall Backup Exec and copu the above back to retrieve your restore
selections, user defined media sets, scheduled jobs etc.
"Steve Bray"
wrote in message
> Are they are any know problems in upgrading a NT4 server to 2000 which is
> running BENT Advanced Server V8.5?
> Steve


text: Men's Bible Study will begin Sept. 13 at 8:30 a.m. at Faith Baptist Church, located at the corner of Route 43 and Frost Road. This year the group will be studying "Spiritual Gifts" through Chip Ingram's teaching video "Your Divine Design." The group will meet the second Saturday of each month this year. For a copy of the workbook for the video series or more information, call Faith Baptist Church at 330-626-4752.


text:
*This is an update to my post [How to Solve DRM Issues with a Digital Signature](http://fredbrunel.com/journal/2007/02/how-to-solve-drm-with-a-digital-signature/) published in February 8th, 2007.*
In my previous post I suggested a simple and fair solution to solve issues with lock-in DRM: digitally sing purchased songs but let users use them freely.
About one month ago, Apple announced the availability of DRM-free songs for the EMI label. The feature called "iTunes Plus" and released this week allow you to buy and upgrade songs to a better quality (256 kbps) without lock-in DRM.
It's a great more but DRM-free doesn't mean that you don't have any responsibilities with the song you purchased. iTunes Plus songs are actually *[digitally signed with your name](http://www.tuaw.com/2007/05/30/tuaw-tip-dont-torrent-that-song/
)*, exactly like e-books.
I do think Apple took the right decision. This is a fair solution that would keep everybody happy.


text:
arriving RWY 25L
Climbing out making a right turn out.
arriving rwy 25L
In the new presidential colors.
Some nice effects as this nice turboprop starts her taxi towards RWY 26 !
This sure was a beauty to photograph. (Nikon D70)
Sitting on the north apron awaiting its next flight. My 500th shot on the database, thanks again to everyone that has helped me reach this milestone. Canon 400D Canon 100-400L IS.


text:
NEW DELHI: President Pratibha Patil on Saturday signed the ordinance dissolving the Medical Council of India. The health ministry on Friday had issued the ordinance to dissolve the MCI.
For the time being, the MCI is to be replaced by a 7-member expert committee.
The decision to dissolve the MCI came after its president Ketan Desai was arrested April 22 by the Central Bureau of Investigation ( CBI), for allegedly taking a bribe of Rs 2 crore to recognise a medical college in Punjab though it did not meet MCI standards. His resignation was forwarded to the health ministry on Wednesday.


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post1893135417897172939..comments2014-12-17T04:56:37.435-08:00Comments on The Message of You: Making it Memorable: 7 Tips to Memorizing Your Speech or SetJudy Carterhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-77343793770405142702013-02-02T07:20:34.361-08:002013-02-02T07:20:34.361-08:00top [url=http://www.c-online-casino.co.uk/]c-onlin...top [url=http://www.c-online-casino.co.uk/]c-online-casino.co.uk[/url] coincide the latest [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com/]casino[/url] free no store reward at the chief [url=http://www.baywatchcasino.com/]spare casino games
[/url].firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-59700777891850385222012-02-29T12:15:21.163-08:002012-02-29T12:15:21.163-08:00Judy, You are always an inspiration, as you trigge...Judy, You are always an inspiration, as you trigger thoughts and musings about "the act" and incorporations. I have a chronic illness which seriously impacts my memory at times. I have reoccuring nightmares about "forgetting my lines." I have imagined, after reading this article, that incorporating note cards into my act could do double duty by illustrating, emphasizing and buffooning this shortcoming. I'm thinking that it could be quite hysterical. As always, I cannot take credit for this revelation. ThanksLindseyhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-9894843257343138342011-10-02T00:16:51.701-07:002011-10-02T00:16:51.701-07:00I like reading your blog. Lots of great tips. Than...I like reading your blog. Lots of great tips. Thanks!Rebecca firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-61802072908206017312011-09-28T23:54:55.632-07:002011-09-28T23:54:55.632-07:00In my short experience, I have found that knowing ...In my short experience, I have found that knowing my set pretty well at home is not enough to remember it on stage! I have to know it perfectly beforehand, and even then, as you say, some jokes may fall through the cracks. Your tips on remembering the flow of the sketch and using key words are very helpful. Here in France, no one ever uses notes on stage, unless it's clearly a prop (a funny letter, etc.).Katehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-69671241226561631052011-09-28T19:08:57.897-07:002011-09-28T19:08:57.897-07:00As always, excellent advice, Judy! I recently jud...As always, excellent advice, Judy! I recently judged a contest and was shocked at how many comics came to the stage with notes--in a competition! I''ll be sharing this post.Vegas Linda Louhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-65611651627456065162011-09-28T17:15:45.607-07:002011-09-28T17:15:45.607-07:00Judy - your stuff is golden. I look forward to all...Judy - your stuff is golden. I look forward to all of your posts as if Im going to school that day. Thank you for caring about us comics!!! your are the greatest.
Paula Faust.Paula Fausthttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-33577555832138358882011-09-28T16:39:44.015-07:002011-09-28T16:39:44.015-07:00When I bought your Comedy Career in a Box, you kep...When I bought your Comedy Career in a Box, you kept encouraging students to get out and walk. It took me a long time to buy into it, but that is the best advise. 1. I carry my script or notes and study one page while I walk, then I jog 100 paces and see if I can do the first page without looking. Then I repeat that until I have the first page and do the same with the following pages. 2. passers-by just think I'm learning a script because they see the paper.
3. After I've finished the whole act page by page, then I walk it out and see if I can do the whole act. 4. The best part is that I've walked-jogged over 3 miles in no time, act is solid, and I'm in shape for the next triathlon.Karen Robertsonhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-43272694434084535202011-09-28T16:27:15.823-07:002011-09-28T16:27:15.823-07:00Great stuff Judy, thanks! I remember hearing or r...Great stuff Judy, thanks! I remember hearing or reading that Jerry Seinfeld had once said that you should know your act so well, that if somebody threw you out of an airplane, you could do your set comfortably all the way down.

Forgetting my material was always my biggest fear, and it has only happened maybe 2 or 3 times, and then it was for just a brief moment. I would open my mouth and start to say something else, maybe just 2 or 3 words and the next joke would always come back and I would recover nicely.

I too have left out jokes that I had meant to include, but feel the same way as you do, that it wasn't meant to be said at that particular time.Older, but not done yethttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-75585482709001277222011-09-28T12:47:31.566-07:002011-09-28T12:47:31.566-07:00Good stuff Judy. I am using all of them, especiall...Good stuff Judy. I am using all of them, especially the out line and code words. #6 is especially interesting. I thought: What about some of these tiny stages where you can't move much? (Stages sooo small I can barely move shows how ridiculous my career is right?) Maybe #6 sense memory applies to how I physically end the preceeding act out? makes sense. If my act out ends with grabbing my head or looking to the left etc... maybe that would apply.
PS I love your website re-design. looks great.Jeff firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-31652691691503617942011-09-28T12:08:44.507-07:002011-09-28T12:08:44.507-07:00I don't have ANY of my act memorized. I know ...I don't have ANY of my act memorized. I know now that means it's all worth forgetting... ;)

-Brian Henchey
Talk Show Host / Comedian (Seeking next radio/TV opportunity)
CLIPS & DEMO: http://youtube.com/BrianHencheyShow
Boston, MA
Heard on 100.1 WBRS-FM/Waltham, MA 4 PM Mondays & Wednesdays --
http://wbrs.org
And on 104.9 WRBB-FM/Boston, MA 4 PM Fridays -- http://wrbbradio.org
http://facebook.com/BrianHencheyShow
http://twitter.com/brianhencheyBrian Hencheyhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-25406979.post-47353736940809423232011-09-28T10:52:23.860-07:002011-09-28T10:52:23.860-07:00Good tips, I like to record chunks. Sit down say t...Good tips, I like to record chunks. Sit down say them out loud. Make the recording into an mp3 put it on the ipod and listen to it 300 times. It's just like learning lyrics by listening to a song. Over time they will be burned into your brain.

Scotty firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
A mistrial is declared in another eastern Kentucky murder case.
Billy Osborne was charged with beating former Louisa City Councilman Elmer Frazier with a baseball bat.
Frazier stayed in a coma for 14 months before he died and was never able to speak or name his killer.
The jury in Paintsville said they were hopelessly deadlocked after deliberations and the judge declared a mistrial.


text:
DELTA -- Quickness.
Scott County Central's prime weapon presented major problems for the Delta Bobcats in the Scott-Mississippi Conference matchup, the regular-season finale for both teams.
As a result, the Braves rained on the Bobcats' homecoming with an 85-71 win on Friday.
"There were two keys for them," said Delta assistant Nate Crowder, subbing for ailing head coach Shawn Kinder. "They beat us up and down the floor and they beat us on the boards."
Scott Central (18-8, second in the conference at 5-1) took advantage of their edge in quickness to zip past the Bobcats off the fastbreak, as well as, off their half-court sets.
"That's what makes us really strong, being able to put in quickness and speed up the game," Scott Central coach Melvin Porter said.
That quickness also paid dividends on the defensive end.
Although their swarming, trapping defense was officially credited with only 10 turnovers, its disruption of the Delta offense was inestimable.
"Probably the biggest thing that hurt us, I thought, was we got our hands on a lot of balls that we didn't control," said Porter. "We'd knock the ball loose but couldn't recover it. That hurt our momentum at times."
Scott Central also benefitted from its superior depth, a 10-11 man rotation compared to Delta's six.
Said Porter, "I wanted to see what my younger guys could do and they responded really well."
Delta fell into a 22-12 first-quarter deficit, but kept the Braves within range, crawling to within nine at 37-28 as the half expired.
The Bobcats (12-12, 2-4) made a couple of second-half runs but each time the Braves responded to reestablish a comfortable margin.
"We're not as bad, defensively, as we looked tonight," said Crowden. "They're just hard to guard. We tried to switch up defenses on them, but neither (man or zone) was very effective. Their quickness always took over."
Scott Central took a 58-45 edge into the final period and hiked the lead to 77-54 with three minutes to go. A late surge by the Bobcats, in which they outscored the Braves 17-8, trimmed the lead to the final margin of 14.
Sophomore forward Isaac Porter, showing his explosive jumping ability to consistently beat taller opponents on the boards, led the Braves with 23 points, most coming inside the paint.
The guard duo of Avis White and Jeremy Johnson added 17 and 14, respectively.
Delta's Kevin Bartels scored a game-high 27 points and was the only Bobcat to visit the free-throw line, hitting 5-of-6.
Brent Menz, Delta's homecoming king, tallied 17 with three treys, while Aaron Kinder chipped in with 12 and Terrance Below with 10.
Scott Central completed the sweep with a 70-50 junior varsity win.
Both teams now focus on the upcoming district playoffs.
Scott Central, the No. 1 seed in the Class 1, District 1 Tournament at Clarkton, will face the winner between No. 4 Delta C-7 and No. 5 Southland on Tuesday at 6 p.m.
Delta, the sixth seed, hosts the Class 1, District 2 Tournament which opens on Monday.
On Delta's district expectations, Crowden said, "If we come out and play our "A" game each night, I really like our chances. If we come out and falter like we did tonight, our season will come to an end."


text:
Definition of Mastigophora in English:
plural nounZoology
A group of single-celled animals that includes the protozoal flagellates, which are now generally divided among several phyla of the kingdom Protista.
- Subphylum (or superclass) Mastigophora.
Modern Latin (plural), from Greek mastigophoros, from mastix, mastig- 'whip' + -phoros 'bearing'.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: Mas¦ti|goph¦ora
Definition of Mastigophora in:
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