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Salvetat, Maria Letizia*; Brusini, Paolo*; Pedrotti, Emilio*; Zeppieri, Marco†; Miani, Flavia*; Marcigaglia, Mattia*; Passilongo, Mattia*; Marchini, Giorgio*
†MD, PhD
Department of Ophthalmology, S. Maria della Misercordia Hospital, Udine, Italy (MLS, PB, MZ, FM); and Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (EP, MM, MP, GM).
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.optvissci.com).
Paolo Brusini Department of Ophthalmology Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia 15 33100 Udine Italy e-mail: email@example.com
Purpose: To compare higher order aberrations (HOAs) caused by the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces after conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK) in patients undergoing corneal transplantation for keratoconus (KC).
Methods: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study included one eye of the following subjects: 40 patients with KC, 23 KC patients after PK, 17 KC patients after DALK, 18 KC patients after ALTK, and 38 healthy controls. All underwent imaging with a rotating Scheimpflug camera (at least 6 months after complete suture removal in grafted subjects) to assess the HOAs from the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces within the central 4-mm and 6-mm zones. The conversion of the corneal elevation profile into corneal wavefront data was performed using Zernike polynomials. Total and third- and fourth-order HOAs were considered. The root mean square of the Zernike vector magnitude, expressed in micrometers, was used. Differences among groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan multiple range tests. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
Results: In both 4-mm and 6-mm central zones, the total HOAs from the anterior corneal surfaces were significantly lower in DALK than in ALTK and PK groups (p < 0.05). The total HOAs from the posterior corneal surface were comparable amongst postoperative groups (p > 0.05). The aberration components that were significantly greater included coma in the KC and ALTK eyes, trefoil and coma in the DALK eyes, and trefoil in the PK eyes.
Conclusions: The corneal anterior surface optical quality appeared significantly better after DALK than after ALTK and PK.
Keratoconus (KC) is a noninflammatory corneal disorder characterized by the progressive thinning of the central stroma and asymmetric anterior corneal protrusion.1 These pathologic processes induce a great amount of irregular astigmatism, also known as higher order aberrations (HOAs),2–5 and in later stages, corneal scarring, which all lead to impaired visual function.
Nowadays, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is considered as the first surgical option for KC.6–10 The aim of this technique involves reshaping the corneal profile by selectively removing and replacing most of the anterior corneal stroma while preserving the host's healthy endothelium. The main advantages of DALK compared with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) include the reduced risk of endothelial immunologic rejection and graft failure.8–12 Several studies have reported comparable postoperative visual outcomes after DALK and PK7–10; however, others have shown reduced or unsatisfactory visual performances after lamellar procedures despite graft transparency, especially in cases in which a significant amount of pre-Descemet stroma is left on the recipient bed.6,13 Some authors have suggested that residual stromal scarring and increased irregularities at the corneal surfaces and/or donor-host interface can induce enhanced HOAs and light scattering,14 thus limiting the quality of vision after DALK surgery.
Various DALK techniques have been developed with the aim of providing better postoperative visual performances. Automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK) uses a microkeratome to perform the lamellar dissection,15 which was designed to provide a smoother donor-host interface of higher optical quality. Studies have shown ALTK to be an effective alternative surgical technique in treating patients with KC.15 The advantages offered by ALTK compared with other DALK techniques include simplicity, rapidity, and standardization in most of the surgical steps.
To minimize the residual scarring and graft-host interface irregularity, descemetic-DALK procedures aim at a subtotal stromal removal, thus maintaining only Descemet membrane and endothelium for transplantation.16–18 The DALK technique considered in our study, known as deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLKP) by intracorneal dissection, has been proposed by the University of Verona.19 It is based on the development of a new kit of instruments used for a manual stromal delamination, which intentionally leaves a minimal thickness of deep stroma on the host bed before the donor button is sutured to simplify the surgical technique and to reduce the risks of intraoperative Descemet membrane rupture.19
Wavefront analysis is a diagnostic method that is able to provide an objective assessment of the optical quality of the ocular refractive surfaces by means of assessment of the low- and higher order aberrations of the eye.20–22 The evaluation of the corneal wavefront errors, thus, may have a role in understanding the effect of various graft techniques on the corneal optical quality2,4,6,8,10,23 and in objectively assessing the quality of vision perceived by the patient after corneal transplant. The rotating Scheimpflug imaging system is a relatively new noncontact method able to provide highly repeatable measurements of the anterior and posterior corneal curvatures, which can be converted into corneal aberrations measurements by the built-in software.24,25
The purpose of the study was to compare the corneal optical quality after conventional PK, ALTK, and DALK in patients undergoing corneal transplantation for KC by measuring the HOAs of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Measurements were taken for the 4-mm and 6-mm central optical zone to determine the optical quality for photopic and scotopic vision, respectively.
This retrospective, observational, comparative, cross-sectional study included one eye of the following consecutive subjects: 40 patients with KC, 23 KC patients after PK, 17 KC patients after DALK, 18 KC patients after ALTK, and 38 age-matched subjects with normal corneas (control group) (Table 1).
The study was in compliance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all participants before testing. Each participant underwent the following examinations on the same day: complete ophthalmologic examination, including a review of medical history, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) measured using the Snellen VA chart, manifest refraction evaluation (including spherical equivalent and cylindrical error), slit lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, and Goldmann applanation tonometry measurement; recipient bed thickness measurement in ALTK and DALK eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Nidek RS-3000; Nidek Co, Ltd, Japan); and imaging with a Scheimpflug-based corneal topographer (Sirius 3D; CSO, Florence, Italy).
Normal subjects were recruited from staff members and volunteers. Keratoconus, PK, and ALTK patients were recruited from the Cornea Clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy. Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty patients were recruited from the Eye Clinic of the Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences of the University of Verona, Verona, Italy. The study was in compliance with Institutional Review Board and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requirements for the institute involved in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of both the S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital and the Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences of the University of Verona.
Normal eyes were defined as absence of ocular disorders except for refractive errors, normal cornea appearance, normal corneal topography results, no history of ocular surgery and no previous corneal or conjunctival disease that is likely to affect the corneal HOAs, and no family history of ocular pathologies. Keratoconus was diagnosed by experienced clinicians based on slit lamp findings (corneal ectasia, stromal thinning, Fleischer ring, and/or Vogt striae) and keratometry, which was confirmed by conventional corneal topography.1
Corneal diseases requiring keratoplasty included moderate (mean keratometry between 46 and 55 diopters [D]) to advanced keratoconus (mean keratometry >55 D or immeasurable keratometry) with apex opacity or poor spectacle-corrected visual acuity, rigid gas-permeable contact lens intolerance, or unsuccessful contact lens fit. The indications for PK included central corneal pachymetry measurements less than 400 μm, coexistence of other corneal pathologies, and presence or history of acute corneal hydrops. Penetrating keratoplasty,26 ALTK,15 and DALK19 techniques have extensively been described elsewhere and have briefly been described in the Appendix (available at http://links.lww.com/OPX/A113). All PK and ALTK surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (P.B.) from March 2006 to January 2008 at the Department of Ophthalmology of the S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital. In each case, local anesthesia and akinesia were achieved with a peribulbar injection of 10 cm3 of a 1:1 mixture of bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2%. All DALK surgeries were performed under general anesthesia by a single surgeon (G.M.) from December 2005 to May 2008 at the Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences of the University of Verona. Donor corneas in the form of a sclerocorneal button stored in organ culture at 31°C were provided by the Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto (Venezia-Mestre, Italy) Eye Bank. In PK and ALK eyes, the running suture was removed 12 and 6 months after surgery, respectively.
Inclusion criteria were keratoconus at various stages; absence of ocular pathology other than keratoconus; no family history of ocular pathologies other than keratoconus; previous PK, DALK, or ALTK for keratoconus in grafted subjects (at least 6 months after complete suture removal); reliable rotating Scheimpflug camera measurements; and willingness to provide informed written consent.
Exclusion criteria included:
* for KC eyes: corneal scarring, history of acute hydrops, other disorders that prevented reliable wavefront measurements
* for postkeratoplasty eyes: corneal scar or opacity of the graft, history of postoperative ocular infection or trauma, persistent epithelial defect, severe dry eye or ocular cicatricial diseases, graft rejection, presence of ocular diseases other than KC or keratoplasty for KC, systemic diseases or medications that could affect the ocular surface, and history of intraocular surgery other than keratoplasty.
The Sirius 3D rotating Scheimpflug camera (CSO) was used for all corneal measurements. This noncontact instrument combines a rotating Scheimpflug camera with a Placido disk technique, providing high-resolution images of the anterior segment, anterior and posterior corneal topography, and pachymetry of the entire cornea. The system uses a rotating Scheimpflug camera and a monochromatic slit-light source that rotate together around the optical axis of the eye for 180 degrees and acquires 25 to 50 images from the anterior segment. By means of the device software, the conversion of the corneal elevation profile into corneal wavefront data is performed using the Zernike vector terms27 with an expansion up to the 10th order. The root mean square of the Zernike vector magnitude is calculated and expressed in micrometers. Data from an area of up to 10 mm in diameter are provided by the instrument. The automatic release mode was used, which achieves correct focus and alignment with the corneal apex before starting scanning. Three measurements were taken by the same experienced examiner (L.P.) from each eye, and the best scan with the least distorted Scheimpflug image was used for analysis. All measurements were collected at the last visit and at least 6 months after complete suture removal for postkeratoplasty eyes. The following measurements were considered: simulated keratometric (simK1 and simK2) values in the 3-mm central zone and root mean square of the Zernike vector magnitude of the total HOAs and third- and fourth-order aberrations of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces within the central 4-mm and 6-mm zones. Total HOAs were defined as the sum of the magnitude of the Zernike vector terms of the third to seventh order.
Data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS for Windows, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Normality of the data distribution was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data were described by medians (SD) and 95% confidence interval, which showed a non-normal distribution. Intragroup differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests. Intergroup differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Duncan multiple range test was used for multiple comparisons. To avoid bias related to patient age, the intergroup comparison was analyzed with a multivariate general linear model using the variable age as a covariant. Correlations were tested using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
Detailed demographic, functional, and refractive characteristics of the five groups of subjects are listed in Table 1.
The wavefront analysis of corneal HOAs of the five groups is summarized in Table 2.
Considering the intergroup comparison results, the total HOAs within the 4-mm zone appeared highest in the KC eyes, followed by the ALTK and PK groups, then DALK eyes, and lowest in controls. The total HOAs within the 6-mm zone were higher in the KC, ALTK, and PK eyes; intermediate in the DALK eyes; and the lowest in controls. Trefoil and tetrafoil were significantly higher in the PK eyes; intermediate in the KC, ALTK, and DALK eyes; and lowest in controls. Coma appeared significantly higher in the KC and ALTK eyes, intermediate in the DALK and PK eyes, and the lowest in controls. Spherical aberration and secondary astigmatism were significantly lower in controls than in other groups. The intragroup comparison revealed that the aberration components that were significantly higher included coma and spherical aberration in controls, coma in the KC and ALTK eyes, trefoil and coma in the DALK eyes, and trefoil in the PK eyes.
The intergroup comparison showed that the total HOAs, trefoil, spherical aberration, and secondary astigmatism appeared significantly lower in controls than in the other groups. Within the 4-mm zone, coma appeared highest in KC and ALTK eyes, followed by the DALK eyes, then less in the PK eyes, and lowest in controls. Within the 6-mm zone, coma was higher in the KC, ALTK, and DALK eyes; intermediate in PK eyes; and the lowest in controls. Tetrafoil was significantly lower in controls than in the other groups within the 4-mm zone; whereas, it appeared higher in the PK eyes, intermediate in the KC, ALTK, and DALK eyes, and the lowest in controls within the 6-mm zone. The intragroup comparison indicated that the aberration components that were significantly higher within the 4-mm zone were trefoil in the control, DALK, and PK eyes and trefoil and coma in the KC and ALTK groups. With regard to those within the 6-mm zone, they included trefoil in the control and PK eyes and trefoil and coma in the KC, ALTK, and DALK eyes.
Representative wavefront maps of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in normal, KC, ALTK, DALK, and PK eyes are shown in Fig. 1. The correlations between the BSCVA and the magnitude of the HOAs of both corneal surfaces were not statistically significant in any of the five groups (p > 0.05).
Irregularities of the refractive surfaces of the eye cause irregular astigmatism, which is not correctable by conventional spectacles or soft contact lenses.20,22 Great amounts of HOAs have been shown to decrease the optical quality of the retinal image, thus reducing the optical performance of the eye by inducing halos, glare, monocular diplopia, and decreased contrast sensitivity and visual acuity,28,29 especially under mesopic or scotopic conditions.30 The cornea is the main contributor of HOAs in the eye, and regardless of cause, corneas with increased wavefront error show significant decreases in visual performances that is pupil size dependent.31,32
In agreement with previous authors,5 our results showed that, in normal eyes, the amount of the corneal HOAs within both 4-mm and 6-mm central zones was minimal, suggesting that only a small part of the variance in visual performance of normal eyes both under photopic and scotopic conditions can be attributed to wavefront error variations.29
Aberrometric studies conducted with both ocular or corneal wavefront sensors have demonstrated that KC eyes show a great amount of HOAs2–5 because of both corneal surfaces5,33 and that corneal HOAs can be useful for early detection,34 grading,35 and predicting visual performance of KC eyes.36 In agreement with previous authors,5,33 our results showed a higher amount of total HOAs from both corneal surfaces in the KC eyes as compared with normal eyes.
In comparison with the postkeratoplasty groups, the magnitude of the total HOAs from the anterior corneal surface was higher in the KC group within the 4-mm zone and comparable within the 6-mm zone; however, the magnitude of the total HOAs from the posterior corneal surfaces was comparable between KC and postkeratoplasty eyes. These data are indicative of higher visual impairment under photopic conditions in the KC eyes. These differences can obviously vary based on the severity of KC.
In accordance with our results, the most significant aberration component found by previous studies in the KC eyes was an increased coma from both anterior2–5 and posterior5,33 corneal surfaces, the cause of which can be due to the characteristic cone-shaped development on the KC cornea as it degenerates.
Considering the postkeratoplasty eyes, the results of our study showed that, in comparison with controls, the grafted eyes showed a significantly higher magnitude of the total and third- and fourth-order corneal HOAs within both 4-mm and 6-mm central zones. In agreement with our data, both PK2,4,6,8,10,23,37 and DALK6,8,10,23 for KC have been associated with considerable amounts of ocular and/or corneal HOAs. These results suggest the important role of irregular astigmatism after corneal grafting, which may cause visual distortions and limit the visual rehabilitation under both photopic and scotopic conditions in these postoperative patients.37
Previous studies have reported that ocular HOAs were either comparable6,10 or significantly higher8 after descemetic-DALK when compared with PK for KC patients. Our data regarding the corneal HOAs showed, however, that although the magnitude of the total HOAs from the posterior corneal surface was comparable among postkeratoplasty eyes, those arising from the anterior corneal surface within both 4-mm and 6-mm central zones were significantly lower in DALK eyes when compared with both the PK and ALTK groups, thus suggesting an overall better optical quality of the anterior surface in the DALK group. These results could be explained by a better recipient-donor match and a higher interface regularity in our DALK eyes that all underwent the "DLKP by intrastromal dissection" procedure, in which the donor button tends to neatly position into alignment over the minimal pre–descemetic layer.
The aberration components greatly differed among postkeratoplasty groups. The most dominant aberration components from the anterior corneal surface, that is the most both within the 4-mm and 6-mm zones, were coma in the ALTK eyes, trefoil in the PK eyes, and both coma and trefoil in DALK eyes that were equally represented and appeared significantly lower when compared with those of the other postkeratoplasty groups.
The prevalence of trefoil after PK for KC has been already reported,4,37 which can be attributed to the wound malapposition caused by irregular wound incision profiles and differences in diameter, which can cause peripheral local deformations of the transplanted cornea. Coma and spherical aberration, also found in PK eyes,4 have been attributed to slight decentration of the donor cornea and mid-peripheral steepening induced by the wound, respectively.
Considering that coma is the dominant HOAs component in KC eyes,2–5,33 its prevalence after ALTK for KC could be caused by the standardized lamellar cut provided by the microkeratome on KC corneas, which are characterized by a wide range of corneal curvatures and stromal thickness irregularities. It is possible to speculate that the automatized cut is likely to leave an inhomogeneous recipient bed, which tends to be thinner at the cone apex and thicker in the periphery; thus, the apposition of the donor lamella on this irregular bed could partially reproduce the typical keratoconic anterior corneal profile postoperatively.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that different HOA components have a different impact on vision. Zernike terms having a greater effect on the central portion of the wavefront, such as coma, spherical aberration, and secondary astigmatism can adversely affect visual performance much more than terms near the edge of the Zernike pyramid, such as trefoil or tetrafoil, which play an important role in retinal image quality degradation only under mesopic or scotopic conditions.28,38–40 Penetrating keratoplasty and ALTK eyes showed a comparable amount of total HOAs from both corneal surfaces, indicating that these surgical procedure induce a similar total amount of corneal surfaces irregularity. The prevalence of trefoil in PK eyes and of coma in ALTK eyes suggests a greater central corneal configuration distortion, thus giving rise to a higher optical impairment, after ALTK compared with that after PK. These results are in agreement with the lower BSCVA found in the ALTK group in comparison with that of the PK group.
The surgical treatment of choice in KC is still not clear and remains a debatable issue. The results of our study are helpful in understanding the outcomes after penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty for KC. Our data showed an overall higher anterior corneal profile regularity after descemetic-DALK procedure than after conventional PK and ALTK and a greater central anterior corneal configuration distortion after ALTK than after PK and DALK, suggesting that DALK is superior to ALTK and PK in terms of providing a better anterior surface corneal optical quality. The ALTK procedure seems limiting with regard to reshaping the corneal profile in that an irregular corneal configuration remains after surgery, especially with regard to the anterior corneal profile, which is less pronounced but similar to that found in KC eyes. Although the correlations between the corneal wavefront data and patient BSCVA were not significant, the higher amount of coma from the anterior corneal surface within both 4-mm and 6-mm zones found in ALTK eyes, as compared with those found in DALK and PK eyes, can theoretically negatively affect the quality of vision and patient satisfaction postoperatively both under photopic and scotopic conditions. The lower BSCVA found in the ALTK eyes in comparison with the DALK and PK eyes supports this hypothesis even if other factors such as residual stromal scarring or graft-host interface irregularity can be regarded as causes of visual impairment after ALTK. Our visual results are in agreement with previous studies showing that the descemetic-DALK techniques are superior in terms of visual outcomes when compared with pre–descemetic-DALK techniques6,9,12,13,19,41 and that the visual performance after ALTK is worse than that obtained with PK and descemetic-DALK procedures.41
In disagreement with previous authors,4,36,37 significant correlations were not found between BSCVA and the magnitude of the total and third- and fourth-order corneal HOAs in normal, KC, and postkeratoplasty eyes; the hypothesis that the differences in wavefront errors may be responsible for the differences in BSCVA in these patients thus cannot be proven in this study. The lack of significant relationship between BSCVA and the HOAs magnitude can partially be explained by the fact that the high-luminance, high-contrast VA has shown to be relatively insensitive to variation in wavefront errors, especially when acuity is scored to line as opposed to the letter, as done in our study.20,30
Our study has several limitations, including that it was based on retrospective data, the number of eyes considered was relatively small, and the instrument reproducibility was not assessed. Moreover, the differences among the three postoperative groups because of patient age, graft/host diameter disparity, and surgeon and suture technique may have caused a bias that needs to be taken into consideration when evaluating the intergroup differences.
In conclusion, the results of our study seem to indicate that the DALK procedure can provide a higher postoperative corneal anterior surface optical quality when compared with the ALTK and PK techniques in patients affected by KC.
Further studies evaluating the contrast sensitivity and the low-contrast visual acuity under mesopic and scotopic conditions are needed to better assess the influence of the corneal wavefront error on the visual quality after PK and ALK surgery for KC.
Paolo Brusini
Department of Ophthalmology
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria
Santa Maria della Misericordia 15 33100
Udine, Italy
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The authors have no financial or commercial interests to disclose. The study was performed without financial assistance, support, or funding.
Received August 2, 2012; accepted November 21, 2012.
The appendix is available online at http://links.lww.com/OPX/A113.
keratoconus; deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK); automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK); penetrating keratoplasty; corneal higher order aberrations
© 2013 American Academy of Optometry
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Issue 334
Questions that we would like your views on
1. Does international assistance help or hinder countries in conflict (like Somalia) to reach reconciliation or stability? How can any negative effects be overcome?
2. Somaliland receives a significant part of DFID's Somali development funds (around 50%). Is this balance correct, given the likely competing demands from South/Central Somalia and Puntland?
3. What sectors within the EU + Norway Country Strategy Paper (see background) should DFID focus on, or give more priority to (taking into account our current sectors)?
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7. Should DFID focus its support 'top-down' on assisting the Transitional Federal Institutions and the Somaliland and Puntland authorities to function, or put more focus 'bottom-up' on supporting communities in their decision making and designing and implementing their plans?
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It is common in the sailing community to "dis" cold climates. This is also a common occurance in the retirement community. But there are times when the road less traveled looks pretty good. We just spent the better part of a year in an oppressively hot environment just north of the equator where to live [...]
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Rick Steves' Europe Classics "Egypt" Rick climbs the Giza Pyramid. In Luxor, he rambles with Ramses through the temple of Karnac and the Valley of the Kings, and bicycles into today's village Egypt.G


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Location: Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
Project Number: 8050-51000-086-00
Start Date: Apr 17, 2014
End Date: Apr 16, 2019
LAB NAME: Cardiovascular Nutrition In the next 5 years the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory (CNL) will investigate the effects of diets differing in fat type and carbohydrate type on cardiometabolic risk factors, fatty acid metabolism, response to lipid modifying therapy, and gene-nutrient interactions using human, animal and in vitro models. This will be accomplished by assessing the relative effects of palmitate, stearate and oleate on cardiometabolic risk factors, fatty acid kinetics and in vitro endothelial cell inflammatory response to lipoprotein particles; relative effects of simple-carbohydrate, refined-carbohydrate and unrefined-carbohydrate on cardiometabolic risk factors, macrophage cholesterol homeostasis, and intestinal microbiome; synergistic effects of an atherogenic or ' heart healthy' diet with/without statin therapy on atherosclerosis development using a porcine model; and relative effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism. The CNL will determine the relationship between food preferences, consumption patterns and dietary acculturation, and cardiovascular health using population-based datasets by assessing the impact of acculturation status on dietary patterns and health outcomes. In addition, the CNL will identify and adjudicate novel biomarkers for food and nutrient intake and merge them with established biomarkers thereof, and assess potential relationships with family-wide CVD risk and weight management, and heart failure risk.


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Setting: Server selection during Account Setup added (MS Exchange, Office365, Gmail, Hotmail)
Setting: Directly installing S/MIME certificate from attachment feature
Email: If there is Read/Unread mail exists in folders not set synchronization in Push mode, it syncs after 10 seconds.
Calendar: Dashboard & Widget search duration change (1 week to 4 weeks)
Calendar: Layout bug fixed. (7" 1024x600)
Other bugs reported on the Market fixed.
Please download the latest version of Moxier Mail for Tablet, and contact us for any question or comment.
Thank you for using Moxier Mail.
Best Regards,
Moxier Team
Posted on Thursday, May 24, 2012 at 1:02 PM
Category: Moxier Mail
Maddalena Latronico on May 20, 2015 at 7:23 PM
Where Can I Get Moxier mail for android, I used to have but now I changed phone and can't find it anymore. Please help. Thank You.
Valerie Goble on Feb 11, 2013 at 2:50 PM
I purchase Moxier mail for my Toshiba excite tablet. I can't get it set up. When I download the app I was putting in the server I put in imap. Them I didn't know about the certification. My email address is email@example.com . I didn't get the key code. If you could have someone to call me at 828-234-2175 I would appreciate it. Does it have away you can send out emails. The purchase goes Thur my gmail account. My gmail address is firstname.lastname@example.com I paid $19.95 for it. Thank You Valerie Goble 828-234-2175 02/11/2013 5:50 pm
Ed on Dec 18, 2012 at 5:51 PM
Love Mixer app. But it have outlook connected to SharePoint. The tasks from SharePoint show in Outlook but nit on the app. I need this.
John P on Oct 16, 2012 at 7:03 AM
I cannot open any attachments after this upgrade. Can you help?
Ergodroid on Aug 28, 2012 at 1:40 PM
Why I can't see IMAP server during setting up only Exchange, google server,..?
BD on Jul 19, 2012 at 2:07 AM
I use another Mailadress for sending as for connecting to the Exchange. I need an ability to set an alternate reply-to Adress or to send mails through another smtp-connection (and get a copy to my exchange sended-items-folder). In addition i use the drafts on my phone and want to send them from PC, so i nedd the ability to sync this folder. And last but not least, can i use shared calendars?
Tahnks in Advance
Harun on Jul 14, 2012 at 7:10 AM
Harun on Jul 14, 2012 at 7:07 AM
Thanks for nice given to me.Thanks
HenkHenk Heymans on Jun 23, 2012 at 11:32 PM
How do I change the signature on outgoing mails?
rasnam2 on Jun 6, 2012 at 9:35 AM
Moxier email
rasnam2 on Jun 6, 2012 at 9:30 AM
Moxier email
rasnam2 on Jun 6, 2012 at 9:24 AM
moxier email
Don on Jun 5, 2012 at 7:25 AM
When is the ability to sync Outlook Notes coming to the Android version?
Peter B on Jun 3, 2012 at 7:30 PM
Can you please advise if version 1.7.0 can handle multiple Exchange accounts and if so, how can this be set-up


text: I think there is too much negativity around here at the moment. This is probably because I'm currently going through a rather amusing mood swing, which has rendered my attitude to pretty much the opposite end from it's usual grumpy disposition. So rather than wasting our time slagging each other off, I think we should spend a bit of time recognising the positive contributions people are making, then throw up at all the arse licking that we've just done.Thus, I'd just like to say that this week I have particularly enjoyed reading "The God Post" created by DD74 (give 100000 monkeys a typewriter…), several of Strawman's pithy comebacks and also E.J's "Why is TW so dull at the moment" and many of the excellent contributions within that post. I feel that this place is about to pick up again big style, as the cold winter nights draw in we'll all huddle around our computers seeking the comforting warmth that TW can provide. What the hell am I talking about? I better post before my mood swings back... "Play me old king Cole, that I may join with you."


text:
Jon Wolfe Announces 'Natural Man' Album, Tour + New Single 'Smile on Mine'
Could 2015 be the year of Jon Wolfe? That'd be just fine with me. In fact, I'm pretty sure many of you would be happy with it. And I certainly know one guy that wouldn't mind it at all. Jon Wolfe is a breath of fresh air. Especially if you are a fan of the two-steppin', love makin', heart breakin' country music of the '90s (a la George Strait, Tracy Lawrence, Alan Jackson) that I grew up listening to.


text:
Morgan Ensberg lined a home run today in his first at-bat, giving the Padres a 2-0 lead over Arizona. Ensberg was in the starting lineup for the first time since the Padres obtained him from the Astros on Tuesday. The right-hander, who hit 36 home runs for Houston in 2005, belted a 1-1 pitch from Yusmeiro Petit into the left-field seats.
Don't get too excited about Ensberg - his true identity will rear its ugly head when he is at the plate during an important playoff game! Each time a pitch is thrown he will back off the plate and raise his arms pretending that the pitch was going to hit him, yet the ball will likely be called a strike by the ump.
Before you know it, he has been k'd 3 times in a game. Mark my word.
The Real Private


text:
Health & Safety Conference Registration
Event & Location
The event will take place at the RAF Club on Wednesday 30 April 2014.
Full details of the speakers and agenda can be found on the Health & Safety Conference details page.
The charge for the event is £125 plus VAT per attendee.
- ToolKit™ Users may claim a £25 discount by entering their license number below bringing the charge per attendee to £100 plus VAT.
- Charges for the event include refreshments, a hot buffet lunch and optional tour of the RAF Club.


text:
Ddx News
Titanfall on PC Has Released
The Titans have fallen! March 11th marks the official release of Titanfall on PC in most gaming territories, and March 13th for the rest of the planet. Hope you pre-ordered the game and took advantage of Origin's pre-load feature!Read More...
Posted by Craig Harris on March 11, 2014
Titanfall PC Pre-load Is Coming
If you've pre-ordered Titanfall – or if you're still on the pre-order fence – this news is for you. Pre-load, the ability to download the majority of a game on Origin, will soon be activated for Titanfall on PC.Read More...
Posted by Craig Harris on March 05, 2014


text:
What Mental Counseling Entails Mental counseling is the act of giving people advice. Those seeking advice usually have gone through
Smart Ideas: Vehicles Revisited
The Benefits Of Availing Exotic Car Rental Services The growth of exotic car rentals has been originated from the fact
A 10-Point Plan for Tips (Without Being Overwhelmed)
What to Do to Make More Money Today Money is an important subject in the world today. Being able to
Valuable Lessons I've Learned About Companies
Controlling a Leaking Roof The minute you see water dripping from the roof or else the ceiling it means that
Questions About Houses You Must Know the Answers To
Key Elements to Put into Consideration When Purchasing a Boiler. It is always good to have a high-quality boiler at
1 2 3 … 41 Next Posts»


text:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


text:
While the backlash against these fees is yet to make them go away, users can at least use workarounds in the meantime. There are some great tethering applications available for Android which will get around the problem for now. EasyTether is quite notable because it's available for all operating systems, easy to use and doesn't require root access.
Get EasyTether
Download and install EasyTether Lite in order to see if it works for you. Later you can upgrade to the paid version of EasyTether if you want the extra features, like HTTPS, instant messenger and XBox tethering. Personally, I find the paid version of EasyTether (€ 7) costs exactly the same price as one day of tethering access through my provider. That's value for money.
Disable Regular Tethering Methods
Firstly, turn off any other automatic tethering options your phone has set up, such as Mobile Broadband Connect (Verizon) and Internet Sharing (Sprint). In order for this to work, we need to disable your normal tethering method.
Download Computer Software
EasyTether works on Windows (Windows 7/XP/Vista), Mac (10.4+ including 10.7) and Linux (Ubuntu 10.4+/Fedora 13+). Simply go to the EasyTether drivers site to find the right software for your computer. EasyTether recommends that your phone not be plugged in to your computer while you install the drivers.
Set Up EasyTether On Phone
Plug your phone in and open the EasyTether application. Choose your operating system and tell the application that you've already installed the software.
This next step will depend on your operating system, but essentially it involves setting up a new network for EasyTether on your computer. The phone application will guide you through the steps for your operating system.
With Mac OS X it will automatically detect the new network interface and you can set things up by following the prompts. If it isn't automatically detected, try rebooting the system or setting it up manually as follows.
Find the network called EasyTether and ensure it uses DHCP to configure IPv4.
On your phone, you should enable EasyTether to allow USB tethering.
Test It Out!
Sadly, EasyTether only works when connecting the phone to the computer via USB cable, which is a pain if your cable comes loose while you're using the connection. But it works! For me this worked straight away, and worked whether the phone was using a Wi-Fi connection or 3G. At no stage did I get prompted by my service provider to pay extra for tethering, so this means success!
More Great Android Hacks & Apps
To get your Android into perfect shape, take a look at these articles:
- 5 Awesome Android Applications That Could Make Life Easier
- 3 Cool Things You Can Do With A Rooted Android Phone
- How to Set Up Laptop Wireless Internet Access Through Your Cellphone [Windows]
- 5 Cool Lesser Known Free Android Apps
What's your opinion on additional tethering fees? Should tethering be automatically included in smartphone contracts? Which tethering application do you use? Let us know in the comments!


text:
Gomes, G.M.S. and Gould, V. (2008) Finite proper covers in a class of finite semi-groups with commuting idempotents. Semigroup Forum, 66 (3). pp. 433-454. ISSN 1432-2137Full text not available from this repository.
Weakly left ample semigroups are a class of semigroups that are (2,1) -subalgebras of semigroups of partial transformations, where the unary operation takes a transformation α to the identity map in the domain of α . It is known that there is a class of proper weakly left ample semigroups whose structure is determined by unipotent monoids acting on semilattices or categories. In this paper we show that for every finite weakly left ample semigroup S , there is a finite proper weakly left ample semigroup and an onto morphism from S to S which separates idempotents. In fact, S is actually a (2,1) -subalgebra of a symmetric inverse semigroup, that is, it is a left ample semigroup (formerly, left type A).
|Item Type:
|The University of York
|Academic Units:
|The University of York > Mathematics (York)
|Depositing User:
|York RAE Import
|Date Deposited:
|12 Feb 2009 17:23
|Last Modified:
|12 Feb 2009 17:23
|Published Version:
|Springer Verlag (Germany)
|Identification Number:


text:
There Is No Dog
by Meg Rosoff
There Is No Dog Chapter 6 Summary
- Back to Genesis now. Remember how God created the sun and the moon and the stars? Right, well the part they left out is that first he created fireworks, and fireflies, and candles.
- This didn't work out so well. Sure, they were cool (huge chandeliers!)—but not so effective. Eventually Mr. B takes the reins and sorts out that whole day/night, sun/moon, and gravity thing because he is a responsible adult.
- Bob, on the other hand, takes a nap and moves on to making land, water, plants, and animals.
- Mr. B cannot believe the weird things that Bob is doing—like, making carnivores without remembering to make them food, so they have to eat other animals; or making birds that can't fly.
- Sometime in this mad creation spree Mr. B gets to make one thing. He chooses to make whales that, unlike Bob's razor sharp carnivores and toxic mammals, are gentle and beautiful.
- Creation continues, getting weirder and weirder, what with all the sex and the different languages and all. Bob tops it off by making humans in his own image, which now that we think about it is pretty self-centered.
- Mr. B is more than a little upset about the weird planet that he is now supposed to take care of, complete with mini-Bobs running around.
- Because he is a smart guy (and, let's reiterate, a grown-up), he knows that this can't end well.


text:
Escort Services in Mexico City
DF Escorts 7
Don't Speak Spanish?
Use Our Translation Service
Want to find a girl, but don't speak Spanish? No problem. Let us help. For $600 pesos we'll use our bilingual skills to call any escort you like. Pay at any Oxxo convenience store. We'll give you links to websites where independent hookers advertise in Spanish, and you pick from the pictures. We'll have dozens of girls for you to select from. "Spanish Only" Mexican prostitutes are usually much less expensive (and much sexier) than the bilingual girls. Usually your savings will be greater than our fee. To get started, contact us. Tell us what type of sex acts you want to experience, the number of hours you want, and the price you're willing to pay. If you're reasonable, we can have a beautiful (and inexpensive) "spanish only" escort knocking at your door the same day. You don't have to speak Spanish to have amazing sex with a beautiful Mexican girl. Contact email@example.com;
There are many escort services and agencies in Mexico City. There are websites such as City of Love, Open Adult Directory, and Zona Divas. Zona Divas has listing photos that seem too good to be true, but the Sound of Impact, a gringo, give them a good review on the World Sex Guide: "Having read other reviews, I decided to avoid the Zona Rosa. Instead, I went to zonadivas.com, saw a girl named Giovanna, and gave her a call. The site says that the girls are independent, they are not. The girl who answered said that she was the girl, but it's an answering agency. However, the girl who did answer the phone said immediately, in her own words, what the deal was: a date with intimate mouth kissing, oral sex, no anal, for 2,500 pesos (about U.S. $ 200). The girl arrived on time - I had to meet her downstairs because my hotel requires a key to the elevator. Gal was actually Brazilian - as smoking hot as you can imagine - and exactly the same as girl as in the photo. She was very nice, friendly, no pressure, no up-selling, a great time. She led the way to the room, did all the usual things / positions. She was willing to hang out and chat as well. It was a rocking hour - I'll call her again for sure." Most guys complain that the girl was not what I expected. Sound of impact has the best experience possible. We hope you tipped. Other men confirm the price as typical; $ 2,500.
For more girls, please view our list of recommended escorts.
Directories of Independent Hookers in Mexico City
Mexico City has no escort services, or at least they are not called that. Mexicans have no problem with men paying women for sex. What they have a problem with is the organized crime often associated with prostitution. Soooo....in the Federal District the closest thing to an agency are the directories, where escorts are professionally advertised in a group. Here are some of the best. Note: These directories are often just services directories, trying to evade the laws. You can tell which is which. When every girl has the same phone number to call, it's an escort agency.
City of Love - Adult Entertainment Guide For Business Travelers
Written in English
Whether you're in Mexico City (47 listings) or Paris (400+ listings) you might want City of Love in your Favorites. These are some of the most beautiful escorts on the planet, like the courtesans of 19th Century Europe. There are listings for Acapulco, Cancun, Guadalajara, Leon, Monterrey, Puebla and Tijuana as well as Mexico City. If you want bargains, check out Mexico City's Street Scene. If you want the best, this is one place to look. Plus, it's written in English!
|Masajes Ejecutivos (Executive Massages)
Smart guys. They get listed twice; escorts and massage. An outcall massage directory, their escorts know why you're calling. Most actually start with a massage. There are 36 chicas listed. Once past the home page, the directory has thumb photos of the girls available. Click, and you see her page with lots of info and full color photos. Written in Spanish.
Sexy Chicas Mexicanas
Written in Spanish, sexychicasmexicanas.com has escorts outside the DF in Cancun, Cuernavaca, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Playa del Carmen, Toluca and Veracruz. The escorts are well presented, with information sometimes including pricing. 13 listings.
Sexy XXX Latinas
A Spanish language directory with 15 escorts, there are plenty of beautiful women to choose from. Many of the escorts speak English. Each girl can put up information and photos. Lots of links to other services and directories. They also have listings for Cancun and Puebla.
2 For 1 - GFE, Service for Couples
Promises 30 Minute Service
We're a group of nymphomaniacs looking for generous men. Have fun fucking us. We'll give you GFE, a girlfriend experience you won't soon forget. Hire several of us for a party, or just one. We specialize in threesomes and group sex, either with your girlfriend or with two or more from our group of high level escorts. We can be at your hotel or home within 30 minutes.
Service NOW
A group of girls charging $1500 ($2000 including ANAL). They range in age from 18 to 27, with one MILF at 40. Want to make a porno? Most of the girls enjoy being filmed. Want a girl at your party? They have gangbang chicas waiting to entertain you and your friends. If you are a serious customer and give them your email, they'll send you photos of all their girls.


text:
Celebrities and their kids
POSTED: 05:25 PM CST Jan 06, 2014 UPDATED: 01:00 AM CDT Jul 22, 2016
With Prince George celebrating his third birthday on Friday, join us for a look at celebrities and their children, including the prince and his royal parents.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
Enter your Email address:
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed
to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without
your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy.
Bet, Anne*; Sterrett, Sarah*; Sato, Alicia†; Bansal, Anju PhD‡; Goepfert, Paul A. MD*,‡
Introduction: Cryptic epitopes (CEs) can be encoded by any of the 5 alternative reading frames (ARFs, 2 sense and 3 antisense) of a known gene. Although CE responses are commonly detected during HIV-1 infection, it is not known whether these responses are induced after vaccination.
Methods: Using a bioinformatic approach, we determined that vaccines with codon-optimized HIV inserts significantly skewed CE sequences and are not likely to induce crossreactive responses to natural HIV CE. We then evaluated the CE- and protein-specific T-cell responses using Gag, Pol, and ARF peptide pools among participants immunized with a non–codon optimized vaccine regimen of 2 pGA2/JS7 DNA primes followed by 2 MVA/HIV62 Gag–Pol–Env vector boosts or 4 saline injections.
Results: Vaccinees had significantly more interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (IFNγ ELISpot) responses toward Gag (P = 0.003) but not toward Pol protein than did placebo recipients. However, CE-specific T-cell responses were low in magnitude, and their frequencies did not differ significantly between vaccine and placebo recipients. Additionally, most positive CE responses could not be mapped to individual peptides. After expanding responses in a cultured assay, however, the frequency and the median magnitude of responses to ARF peptides were significantly greater in vaccinees (P < 0.0001), indicating that CE-specific T-cell responses are present but below an ex vivo assay's limit of detection.
Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that HIV-1 vaccines currently in clinical trials are poorly immunogenic with regard to CE-specific T-cell responses. Therefore, the context of HIV-1 immunogens may need to be modified as a comprehensive strategy to broaden vaccine-induced T-cell responses.
© 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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text:
Now Alalaba has a similar biill (to Virginia's pre-abortion bill) in the works. It would require the doc to do an ultrasound, if not, the doc would get hefty fine. I was reading some statistics on the amazing surge in legislation this year regarding requirements prior to an abortion. I guess if I got this straight, the women would be forced to look at the ultrasound, and I think (but not 100%) that this would be required even in cases of rape.
Is this what many Republicans call the need for small gov't?
As someone on tv said, its really the Shame Women legislation.
Here's some info form WHNT news......
WHNT News 19 Reporter, Daniela Perallon
10:57 p.m. CST, February 24, 2012
Senate Bill 12 has passed the health committee and could face debate on the Senate floor as early as next Tuesday.
The bill is sponsored by 9th district Republican Senator Clay Scofield.
The bill would require women seeking an abortion to submit to either a transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound. The woman would have no say in what type of ultrasound would be performed, rather it would be determined by the physician based on which ultrasound would provide the clearest image of the embryo or fetus.
Already pro-choice advocates are speaking out.
On Senator Scofield's Facebook page one woman wrote "please stay out of my uterus, thanks." One man compares SB 12 to "government rape."
Another woman writes, "As one of your constituents I'd like to say that SB 12 is a slap in the face to grown women of Alabama who are fully capable of making decisions without being forced to undergo a horribly intrusive, medically unnecessary procedure."
Scofield believes the procedure would allow women to be better informed.
"The basis behind this this legislation is to make sure that a woman has all the information she can get at her disposal before she makes what might be the most difficult decision in her life," said Scofield. "By seeing an image of an unborn child in the womb, a person can tell that it is not just a "clump of cells". I have heard from women who, at an early age, had an abortion, and explained how they would have changed their minds had they seen an actual image of the child in their womb."
Scofield says the exact bill passed the Alabama Senate last year, and the issue over transvaginal ultrasounds never came up.
In response to the outcry over that portion of the bill, Scofield says, "my colleagues who support this bill and I will be taking a serious look at this portion of the bill before moving forward."
Senator Greg Reed, a chairperson of the Senate Health Committee, is also the Vice President of Preferred Medical Systems, a company that sells ultrasound equipment.
UPDATE -- I just read that on Sunday, the Gov said he didn't learn about the bill until he read about it on Huffington Post. And, I guess the sponsor of the bill, then agreed to modify it .... before the type of ultrasound that wouuld be performed, would be determined by the physician based on which ultrasound would provide the clearest image of the embryo or fetus. But newsflash, now the women would have, wait for, here's the change, the women could CHOOSE which type of ultrasound they want, no matter that their doc didn't need to do one for medical reasons. Ah..... that's what they say is choice.


text:
Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2012
AUGUSTA, Ga. -- A seven-month undercover investigation has ended with 77 suspects arrested on various charges, said Richmond County Sheriff Ronnie Strength Tuesday.
News 12 has been following the details of Operation Smoke Screen all day. Strength says dozens of suspects are facing charges in one of the biggest stings since Operation Fox Hunt and the previous Augusta Ink. Augusta Ink targeted gangs and drugs, Operation Fox Hunt was about weapons and Operation Smoke Screen targeted burglary suspects.
The undercover investigation exploded Tuesday morning when more than 120 officers, U.S. Marshals and federal agents swarmed Augusta neighborhoods.
Operation Smoke Screen began in August of 2011 and is expected to net more than $500,000 in stolen merchandise. The investigation has identified the suspects in 104 burglaries, 12 car break-ins and 15 thefts. So far, 64 firearms have been recovered.
The U.S. Attorney's office unsealed 15 indictments that charge 24 people with federal weapons charges. An additional 85 people are charged by the Augusta area District Attorney's Office on burglary, theft, firearm and drug charges.
One by one, van after van, suspect after suspect, all paraded into the Richmond County Jail before sunrise Tuesday morning. News 12 was there as the suspects were hauled in.
If Tuesday's bust sounds familiar, it should.
Operation Smoke Screen is Richmond County's third large undercover bust in just four and half years.
Since 2007, Richmond County investigators have become experts at taking down criminals when the rest of Augusta is sleeping.
Last March, investigators also went in under the cover of darkness and arrested more than 70 suspects in Operation Fox Hunt.
Rounding them up like cattle, van after van were hauled in, pulled out of bed and taken to jail. The target was mostly illegal guns, and investigators recovered 200 weapons, drugs and plenty of stolen property.
Operation Fox Hunt was a 19-month long investigation where two undercover officers infiltrated an urban clothing store. The Sheriff's Office partnered with ATF Agents, the U.S. Attorney's Office and U.S. Marshal's Office.
Then in 2007, Operation Augusta Ink was Richmond County's first large storefront bust. Undercover investigators were operating out of a tattoo parlor.
Augusta Ink's target was gang members. More than 70 people were arrested, including members of six of the major area gangs. It also ended with 400 recovered guns, many of them stolen.
More than 150 law enforcement officers took part in Augusta Ink.
The Sheriff's Office says although each operation had its obstacles, but Operation Smoke Screen was the most complicated to organize. When you're talking half a million dollars worth of merchandise, it takes time and a lot of effort to sort through, and really -- they're just getting started.
Watch the full video from Tuesday's news conference here:
Here is a list of the suspects captured in Operation Smoke Screen. We will be keeping this list updated as more names come in.
- Keyuana Adams
- Dwayne Henry Anderson
- Antonio Lamar Armour
- Brandon E. Brown
- Darnell Brown
- Derrian Rashad Brown
- Tevin Anthony Brown
- Leroy Bunyon
- Neoski S. Burns
- Renarldo Kame Butler
- Achley Anthony Cincinatus
- Dequinton Cofield
- Quame Lamar Collins
- Carl Benton Collins Jr.
- Gregory Douse
- Deandre Foreman
- Leon Christopher Fuller
- Joshua Eugene Gaither
- Jordan Rashad Garnett
- Shamika Fontavia Gilbert
- William Eric Harmon
- Terrence A. Hawthorne
- Shirley Denise Haynes
- Raphael Donnell Hurley
- Ephraim Emmanuel Jackson
- Bryan Johnson
- Denis Jordan III
- Hubert Robert Lipscomb Jr.
- Chasity Ciara Loving
- Aldrick Timothy Mells
- Terrence Lavon Merriweather
- Darius Levar Miles
- Steve Daris Mikel
- Bryant Miller
- Chyivilius Moore
- Sharon Diane Myricks
- Asia Latia Neely
- Darrell Leon Patterson Jr.
- Rashad Trenton Ray
- Marcus Denzel Scott
- Yolanda Rena Simpson
- Rhonda Sloan
- Jasper Levert Smith
- Lemuel Smith
- Dekabien Ahrand Swint
- Sasha Renee Taylor
- Jamar Darrill Thomas
- Cory Alexander Washington
- Grady Levert West Jr.
- Eric Leonard Wiley
- Donlee Williams
- Larry Williams
- Canesha Vonyel Wilson
List of those charged with federal firearms offenses:
- Dewayne H. Anderson, 45, North Augusta, S.C.
- Charles Maurice Andrews, 19, Augusta, Ga.
- Derrian R. Brown, 24, Augusta, Ga.
- Leroy Bunyon, 30, Augusta, Ga.
- Rodriguez Marquis Bunyon, 32, Augusta, Ga.
- Twain J. Frails, 22, Hephzibah, Ga.
- Craig Maurice Hambrick, 25, Augusta, Ga.
- Miguel A. Heredia, 23, Augusta, Ga.
- Mercedes S. Hyman, 21, Augusta, Ga.
- Robert L. Johnson, 28, Hephzibah, Ga.
- Antonio Maurice Jones, 23, Augusta, Ga.
- Jerry Mazone, 31, North Augusta, S.C.
- Curtis A. President, 22, Augusta, Ga.
- Angelo G. Pringle, 20, Augusta, Ga.
- Diriuss A. Redd, 26, Augusta, Ga.
- Danson R. Sheppard, 21, Augusta, Ga.
- Lemuel Fernandez Smith, 32, Augusta, Ga.
- Dakabein Ahrand Swint, 20, Augusta, Ga.
- Amid A. Truitt, 23, Augusta, Ga.
- Lavinski Vaughn, 24, Augusta, Ga.
- Grady L. West, 26, Augusta, Ga.
- Akeem Wiggins, 20, Augusta, Ga.
- Derrick Demone Williams, 41, Augusta, Ga.
- Jamal Hakim Wright, 26, Augusta, Ga.
Here's a list of the 14 suspects still wanted:
- Barrington Jermaine Allen
- Jamel Antoine Cooper
- Bryan Dillworth
- Twain Frails
- Levi Gerale Fulmer
- Brandon James Henderson
- Vincent Lindsey
- Carl Mingledolph
- David Owens
- Devonye Trshaunice Person
- Amad Truitt
- Lavinski Bernard Vaughn
- Marquell James Washington
- Dion Woods


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April 10, 2014
AUGUSTA, Ga.--Richmond County deputies are searching for a suspect involved in a shooting Thursday night.
Deputies responded to a call of shots fired on Japonica Avenue just before nine Thursday night.
Investigators say the victim was shot at the Japonica Ave. location and driven to his mother's house on East Espinosa Street.
The victim was taken to GRU for medical treatment for non-life threatening injuries.
No suspects are in custody at this time.


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Does Your Voice Save Lives?
By Stephanie Ciccarelli
August 29, 2011
Ever thought about what you read can help save lives?
The way you interpret a script can make a difference in how people perceive the vital information you're expressing in your read.
If you've been able to convey critical information that you feel has saved lives, be sure to comment on today's VOX Daily!
A VO Session With A Mission
One of my friends, George Ledoux, posted about a studio session that he was about to participate in that while not exhilarating to read copy wise, will prove absolutely integral to the hearers of the voiceover.
George narrated a technical/medical script that described the indications, warnings and functioning of a subcutaneous asthma medication.
The thought of saying 'subcutaneous' may seem challenging to many of us but the reality is that reading copy is not nearly as challenging as taking said medicine and enduring any potential side effects.
Connecting While Staying On Message
When reading messages or disclaimers, particularly as they pertain to health and safety, it helps to think of the people taking the medicine or heeding your message and what they are going through.
If you as voice talent are distanced emotionally from the audience, reading a script about something important can lose its effectiveness and possibly color the way the message is received. Finding a way to connect with your audience is key.
One of the best ways to demonstrate empathy is to know more about who you are speaking to and answer all of the regular questions such as:
Who, What, When, Where, Why and How?
๠Who am I speaking to (patient, physician, paramedic)? Who else cares about this message (family member of person taking it)? Who needs to know?
๠What is this medicine? What illness/symptoms does it treat? What are its potential side effects?
๠When might someone need to hear this message? Is it during a particular stage in treatment? Is it introductory information or more advanced?
๠Where am I coming from? Am I a doctor, a spokesperson, a patient? Is this an authoritative read or more conversational?
๠Why is this message being shared? Why might it be useful to someone? Why would someone want to listen to me and heed my words?
๠How does the message relate to the listener? How can I make myself more accessible to them?
Completing this exercise will make you feel more connected to your audience and they in turn may listen to you more closely and take your message to heart. This may take some research on your end if the script itself does not yield all of the answers.
Any Comments?
If you've recorded a voice over for something that falls under this category, be it for medical purposes, safety in general or otherwise, be sure to comment and let us know what the voiceover was for!
Best wishes,
©iStockphoto.com/Jacob WackerhausenRelated Topics: disclaimers, George Ledoux, medical, narration, narrator, reading, recordings, SAG, technical
- Simon Phillips
- August 29, 2011 12:10 PM
- Hana Haatainen Caye
- August 29, 2011 3:03 PM
- Dan Friedman
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- Howard Ellison
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- September 21, 2011 10:06 AM
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- September 21, 2011 10:06 AM
- Karol Walkowski
- September 21, 2011 10:07 AM
- Howard Ellison
- October 1, 2011 6:37 AM
- Art Spencer
- April 3, 2013 10:08 AM
I certainly hope that my medical narrations have been helpful to the intended audience be they patients, students, physicians or administrators. While empathy is always important, calmness, clarity and pacing are also key factors for effective communications in this field.
One of my regular jobs is for the National Health Service Blood and Transplant department. It's important to sound friendly and reassuring, while at the same time conveying the urgent need for more donations.
Speaking of donations, I've also been fortunate enough to do recordings for various charities working in disaster zones, and many of the same considerations apply.
They aren't the biggest jobs in terms of time, budget or artistic merit, but they are by far the most important.Posted by:
I narrate training programs for nursing home workers. Much of the info can be vital to patients' safety, and to the health and safety of the workers. I've also done training manuals for RNs, which speaks for itself!Posted by:
I have been the voice for several NHTSA campaigns, most notably "Click It or Ticket". I believe I've been chosen to appeal to the younger drivers, who probably need these reminders more than those who've been driving awhile. Hopefully, these reminders have helped.
Here is a link to the last campaign I worked on:
Dan Friedman
Like to believe they may. Was honoured to provide a character voice for the international medical and humanitarian aid organization, Medecins Sans Frontieres, and another work-in-progress fighting polio, which by good fortune I recovered from as a boy before the days of the Salk vaccine. As Simon's already pointed out, these jobs are rarely big bucks, but they are big buzz.Posted by:
Oddly enough, Stephanie, I was recently contacted to do one of the most interesting voice overs, something I'd NEVER thought I'd do in this wacky VO world!
The recording was for Ship-to-ship communication for vessels that were encroaching on waters they SHOULDN'T be in.
Attention – Attention -- Attention
All Stop ---- All STOP
Identify yourself on VHF channel XX - Identify yourself on VHF channel XX
Your vessel has entered a "restricted†area that extends 3 miles in all directions from (location)
STOP immediately and reverse your course. Keep clear by 3 miles
Not your everyday voice over gig...but may, perhaps, save a life or two!Posted by:
For over a year, I've been narrating a lot of government work aimed at triage and accurate charting for the armed forces hospital personnel all over the world. Since I've signed an NDA, that about all I can say.
Bobbin Beam, Voice Actress
My coach is always emphasizing the WHO are you talking to and WHERE are you! I also did a PSA for AIDS in Canada that I never heard.....oh well...Good article though!Posted by:
I work with the University Hospital in New Jersey almost everyday I work as telephone interpreter for different medical clinics and the ER department. Once I have to work at Tampa General Hospital with a Brazilian patient that was hopeless on his treatment and after the doctor told him after surgery he will be 96% cure it made his day! He had hope again you should see the smile on the patient's face. I also do pre-recording scripts for a hospital vendor. The interpretation of a script is always critical. I put my heart and soul on everything I do.Posted by:
I am a regular with Lifespan, the Rhode Island Hospital, and have narrated many videos addressing HIV prevention and treatment, as well as anonymous surveys about drug and alcohol use. In addition I narrated an eLearning script for Emergency Responders witnessing an accident for the first time. That was intense! I use my professional, yet compassionate and encouraging voice, or sometimes a commanding, authoritative, but understanding tone, when issuing critical information.. I feel honored to do these as I know my voice and expression is truly making a difference in people's lives. Thanks for the post Stephanie!Posted by:
It is incredibly important!Posted by:
I did a lot of PSAs for government and NGOs. It also helps the environment.Posted by:
When I was an anchor for Sirius Weather & Emergency, I was usually the only live voice on what was mostly a Weather Channel feed. When a severe weather warning or evacuation order would occur, I had to interrupt with the pertinent information. While this is probably more reporting than pure voiceover, I did have to give an inflection of urgency and sound different from the normal feed in order to get the listeners' attention. I like to think that over a few years we helped save some lives.Posted by:
I recently did a job for a local doctor's office about a form of non-invasive, no touch, breast cancer screening called IRBI that can detect abnormalities years before a mammogram. Who knows how many lives that could save if more people knew about it!Posted by:
Sure, the producers who were trying to finish a movie in post!Posted by:
I doubt this has saved lives, but I recorded the Army NCO Creed and put it on Youtube. Lots of guys have told me it has helped 'em pass their promotion boards.Posted by:
I made a tape for a friend with seizures. She thought my voice would help bring her out of her seizures. She said it worked well for her.Posted by:
I'd like to think that all the voice overs that I've done have made a difference in people's lives. I do mostly educational narration these days, so I'm sure that it's true.Posted by:
Nearly monthly, I narrate safety videos for steel industry - that's a high injury, high fatality industry. The safety company I work with says statistically injuries and fatalities decrease when companies start using their product (which includes me). VERY satisfying.Posted by:
Once had the pleasure of doing an audiobook for an entire series of Science textbooks for Elementary - Middle School students. The tapes were sent along with the new texts for students who were visually impaired or had reading disabilities. I hope that made a difference for someone, somewhere.Posted by:
I did several "please proceed to the nearest emergency exit. Do not use the lift" recordings... I hope it will never be used though ;)Posted by:
Just released - it was an honour to voice Bobby Bailey's video for the End of Polio campaign. As an infant I was paralysed, but recovered, a few years before FDR's One Dime at a Time support for Jonas Salk. That story is brilliantly animated here
I recently voiced a safety video for a large construction company that would help employees to be aware of the risks and hazards associated with a job. I had fun doing it! When I was in radio, I worked during storms, reading cancellations and severe weather statements to keep people informed. Also, I voiced my own guided meditations. I gave a copy to a friend and she uses them to relax, because my delivery is slow and deliberate.Posted by:


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A person who is probably going to get cut from his team.
Wow man, that sparx is so oblivious and bad.
লিখেছেন- Kole Carter 3 de সেপ্টেমবার de 2007
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Can you define these popular missing words?
a kick ass drink (in a can that resembles a battery). It's like an energy drink with alchohol! HAHAHAHA!!!
My dumbass friends drive around in thier rice rockets drinking sparks, because nobody knows what it is.
লিখেছেন- lealea 8 de নভেম্বার de 2003


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WYATT -- Mary Allene Brown Todd, 84, died at 10 a.m. Oct. 20, 2006, at her home.
Born May 3, 1922, in Wyatt, daughter of the late John Joseph and Maggie Bell Goode Brown, she had lived her entire life in Wyatt where she was a lifetime member of the Wyatt Methodist Church until it closed after which she became a member of the Charleston United Methodist Church. She had been employed as manager of Raffety Store in Wyatt for 30 years before purchasing the store to become the owner and operator of Todd Grocery's from 1981 until her retirement in 1991.
On July 25, 1968, she married Edward H. Todd who preceded her in death on March 9, 2006.
Also preceding her in death were six brothers, John Jewell Brown, Ernest Edward Brown, Glenn Brown, Orval Brown, Floyd M. Brown and M. Freeman Brown; and one sister, Hallene Frans.
Survivors include: two daughters and sons-in-law, Margaret E. and Allen Sams of Chicago and Carolyn Ovaline and Glenn Davis of Wyatt; one brother, Estel E. Brown of Brawley, Calif.; one sister, Dorothy M. Griggs of Brawley; four grandchildren and spouses, Cindy and Ronny Hamby of West Chicago, Ill., Darryl and Susan Sams of West Chicago, Carolyn Davis of Wyatt and Karen Davidson of Sikeston; five great grandchildren, Susanne Thielking of West Chicago, Erin Staples and Caleb Davidson of Sikeston and Stacey Sams and Darrek Sams of West Chicago; one great-great-grandson, Wyatt Staples Merideth of Sikeston; and her special friend and caretaker, Melanie Davis of Wyatt.
Friends may call from 5-8 p.m. today at the McMikle Funeral Home in Charleston where funeral services will be conducted at 2 p.m. Monday with the Rev. Harold Norton, minister of Senior Ministries at the First United Methodist Church in Sikeston.
Burial will follow in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery near Charleston.
Pallbearers will be: Carl Stricker, Larry Brown, Donnie Sams, Tom Raffety, E. Hunter Raffety Jr. and Jim Whitehead.
Honorary pallbearers will be David Renaud, Bill Feezor, Elott H. Raffety, Rodney Keeton, Larry Smith, Homer Oliver, Jim Davis and Pat Rolwing.
Paid obituary


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Great LO and congrats on your new DT! WTG!
Diana,I just saw the scrapbook, bag, and card that you made for your friend, on Melissa Francis' blog. They are absolutely stunning!! What a beautiful and loving gift for your friend. I'm sure she will treasure it.Have a wonderful day!Debi
Post a Comment


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HAYWARD -- Three or four shots were fired during a fight in a downtown Hayward alley shortly after 1 a.m. Friday, but nobody was struck by bullets and police have no suspects.
According to police, a 30-year-old Hayward man was leaving the Pizza House restaurant on B Street when he bumped someone with the door as he departed.
When the victim was walking through a neighboring alley near Main Street, the man he bumped and an accomplice attacked him, and he began to fight back.
He told police that he then heard the shots but that because his back was turned, he didn't see if the gunman had aimed at him or fired into the air.
The two attackers then ran up B Street toward Foothill Boulevard.
Police patrolling the downtown area heard the shots and found the victim, who had hidden behind a garbage bin after the gunfire. He had minor injuries -- abrasions and a sore head, police said.
A search of the area produced no suspects.
Anyone with information is asked to call Hayward police at 510-293-7000.


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REVIEW DATE: 20 Apr 2010
June Neary checks out Renault's little Twingo
Small can be beautiful. Or failing that, it can at least be charismatic. For proof, you only had to look at Renault's first generation Twingo. If you could find one to look at of course. Renault never officially imported them, afraid of the UK right hand drive conversion cost that would price it too close to (and consequently rob sales from) entry-level Clio supermini models. Still, if like me, you saw one of the many thousands of MK1 Twingos that ply the autoroutes of Europe and thought the French might have made a mistake on that one, you'll be pleased to learn that the MK2 model is alive and well in British showrooms. When one arrived on my driveway, I was slightly disappointed to find more conventional citycar looks a world away from the bug-eyed look for the original. Still, it's a clean piece of styling and will probably have a wider appeal.
This isn't the first citycar I've climbed into expecting all the interior space of a 'phonebox and been surprised to find a cabin that's something of a tardis. It probably won't be the last either. Suffice it to say that, apart from the lack of a five-door (or diesel) option, most buyers of larger supermini-class cars would probably be quite happy with this one. This generation Twingo is a massive 170mm longer than the original. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the interior is what Renault has done to the rear seats. The two rear seats can slide 220mm fore and aft to prioritise space for either people or luggage and they also fold flat and then tumble forwards, offering up to 959 litres of space in this guise. Other noteworthy features include a centrally mounted instrument cluster and no fewer than eleven storage spaces dotted around the cabin. I put my keys into one of them and spent ages trying to find them.
Three engines are offered if we exclude the racy Renaultsport models and none of them are diesels. Not that there's much point in buying a diesel version of this class of car: you'd never clock up the mileage to get the upfront cost premium back. What you do get with this Twingo is Renault's clever new 1.2-litre 100bhp TCE (Turbo Control Efficiency) engine, supposedly offering the economy of a petrol 1.2 with the speed and torque of a petrol 1.4. This unit comes only in the sporty GT variant I tried, a car offered at a £1,000 premium that I thought worth paying over the 75bhp 1.2-litre 16-valve model. The 100bhp TCE engine apparently shares over 75% of the 1.2-litre 16v powerplant's parts but you wouldn't know it from a seat behind the wheel. A tiny turbocharger minimises lag and offers sharp responses. An overboost facility allows an additional 5bhp of power and 6Nm of torque temporarily in second, third and fourth gears at engine speeds above 4,500rpm to help with overtaking. I found that really useful. Two transmissions are available, a conventional manual five-speed or the Quickshift robotised set-up if you choose the 75bhp Dynamique. The Twingo inherits the Clio II's chassis, and keen drivers hardly need reminding that this was one of the most capable and fun small car platforms around. Electric variable power steering is fitted as standard, the GT getting a beefier set up to complement the stiffer bushes in its suspension.
There are certainly more pluses than minuses with this car. It's cheap, acceptably well screwed together, based on tried and tested underpinnings and the name carries an element of recognition, despite its predecessor never being sold here. It would have been nice if Renault had been more adventurous in the design stakes, as most people who know the Twingo name associate it with something radically innovative. While 'New Twingo' does offer a few novel details here and there, the overall concept isn't particularly bold or fresh. Perhaps Renault is just counting on doing the basics those crucial few degrees better than anybody else. Younger drivers who can afford it will probably love this car. And a hot hatch version would be a hoot. But I think I'm safe in thinking that the MK2 Twingo won't be remembered for as long as its illustrious predecessor.
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The University of South Carolina has confirmed that Preseason All-American candidate, Jasper Brinkley, is out for the year after suffering a knee injury in the first quarter fo Saturday's loss at LSU. The University says it is a knee sprain but souces close to the Brinkley family say a ligament in the knee is torn. The linebacker is scheduled to undergo surgery and is expected to miss the rest of the season. There is a possibility that the University could apply for a medical redshirt making the senior eligible for next season. The former Thomson Bulldog could also decide to enter the NFL draft in April.
USC's Jasper Brinkley out for the year
By Prentice Elliott |
Posted: Mon 4:36 PM, Sep 24, 2007  |
Updated: Mon 6:25 PM, Sep 24, 2007


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As you know, being President is totes difficult. You have to be knowledgeable about foreign policy, pass/veto bills that you know are going to piss off constituents in the opposing political party, and master the art of having a stank face that is professional a.k.a. somewhere between Tommy Lee Jones at the Golden Globes and McKayla Maroney at the 2012 London Olympics. Clearly, this gig ain't too low-stakes for a movie, but Hollywood thinks otherwise, which is why we have the second "hide yo kids, hide yo wife, cuz the White House is getting is blown the hell up" movie of 2013 in the new Jamie Foxx/Channing Tatum action movie White House Down, which opens nationwide today:
So now seems like as good of time as any to take a look back on the most badass presidential movies of all time:
Independence DaySeriously, I don't know one human being who was not into this movie when it came out in 1994. Bill Pullman as President (I'd hit it), Will Smith, fresh off Fresh Prince of Bel-Air fame, punching aliens in the face (I'd have to get in line to hit it), and Vivica A. Fox was a classy exotic dancer (I don't go that way, but her and I would definitely be Facebook friends). In short, this movie was pretty much the perfect action flick. Just check out this rousing speech from President Whitmore:
Not only does he deliver this inspiring speech, but then he later gets in a fighter jet and helps saves the planet from the aliens. Best. President. Ever.
Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter
My favorite thing about this movie, which is based on the popular 2011 novel, is that it was probably created by someone who thought, Lincoln emancipated the slaves...BORING! I wanna see him chopping up vampires the way I dice garlic and put it in pesto.
OK, sure, it's all a little silly (seriously, when does he sleep if he's President during the day and slaying vamps at night?), but it's fun to see one of history's most stoic-looking prezzies cutting loose and kicking ass.
Olympus Has Fallen
This 2013 movie is basically White House Down if the President was white and got kidnapped. Aaron Eckhart is the Prez, Gerard Butler is the standard-issue hero who will save the day, Angela Bassett is working a variation of the Halle Berry '90s pixie cut, and Morgan Freeman, who plays the Speaker of the House, becomes the acting President when everything goes to crap:
C'mon! How can you not like anything in which Freeman says with such gravitas, "Open the gates of hell?"
Escape From New York
OK, so this trailer does a horrible job of telling you what the movie is about other than that Kurt Russell's chesticles will be on display:
The plot is this: Manhattan's a giant police state, and when the President visits there, he gets captured by some evil dudes, and Snake (Russell), who was a convicted bank robber, has to go in and rescue him. Yeah, it's best if you don't ask any questions and just enjoy how "scientific" 1997 is supposed to be, how cheesy the action scenes are, and how John Carpenter really wants you to know that this is his mother-bleepin' movie. Jeez, I thought Tyler Perry was annoying with the way he inserts his name into everything.
In the Line of Fire
Yes, Clint Eastwood is probably too damn old to be saving the day in this movie, but that shouldn't matter. Seeing him face off against John Malkovich is a delight:
xXx: State of the Union
Um, yeah, so normally I'd like to pretend Ice Cube's whole experiment with trying to be an action-movie hero didn't exist, but Vin Diesel was not available for this movie, so we're stuck with the Cubester:
And actually, it's not half bad. Sure, it's a little paint-by-the-numbers, but Samuel L. Jackson is awesome, and Willem Dafoe is creepy as per usual. What more do you want?
Air Force One
Obviously, this is the BEST presidential action movie. It has everything that we love: evil Russians, an extremely scary scenario, violence, and the best Prez send-off in cinema history:
What are your favorite presidential action movies? Will you be checking out White House Down this weekend?


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Doubles with Stan in Beijing
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LETTER: Thankful for clear roads, power restoration
Published: Thursday, May 1, 2014 at 7:00 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, May 1, 2014 at 7:28 p.m.
Dear Editor: On Sunday, April 6, destructive high winds and heavy rain swept through West Alabama leaving a path of broken homes, fallen trees, no power and disrupted lives. Coker got a taste of all the storm had to offer. As we ventured out early Monday morning, we saw our streets blocked with fallen trees and power poles.
We expected to be without clear streets and without power for days. We were amazed to have the streets cleared by the Tuscaloosa County road crews and the power restored in less than 25 hours.
We would like to thank all of the individuals who worked those long hours to restore our neighborhood to working order. This is just another example of why living in West Alabama is such a good choice. Thank you for a job well done!
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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The Pocatello City Council approved a resolution Thursday that will allow the city's legal and planning departments to acquire private property under its eminent domain laws. This means the city can now build a complex drainage system on private land.
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The NX500 is defined by its advanced 28.2MP APS-C, BSI CMOS Sensor. Delivering up to 9 frames per second bursting with sharp detail and intense colors. The large sensor is ideal for creating detailed images and stunning 4k/UHD video. Product Features New 28MP Back Side Illuminated APS-C Sensor. The NX AF System III on the [More]
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