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What Is Foot Pain?
The foot is a complex structure of 26 bones and 33
joints layered with an intertwining web of 126 muscles, ligaments, and nerves. The average
person spends four hours on their feet and takes between 8,000 and 10,000 steps each day.
The feet are very small relative to the rest of the body, and the impact of every step
exerts tremendous force upon them -- about 50% greater than the person's body weight.
During an average day the feet support a combined force equivalent to several hundred
tons. In addition to supporting weight, the foot acts as a shock absorber and as a lever
to propel the leg forward, and it serves to balance and adjusts the body to uneven
surfaces. It is not surprising, then, that about 75% of Americans experience foot pain at
some point in their lives. According to a recent study, chronic and severe foot pain is a
serious burden for one in seven older disabled women. To compound problems, the lower back
is often affected by injuries or abnormalities in the feet.
Foot pain is generally defined by one of three sites of
origin: the toes; the front of the foot (forefoot); or back of the foot (hind foot). Toe
problems most often occur because of the pressure imposed by ill-fitting shoes. Pain
originating in the front of the foot usually involves the metatarsal bones (five long
bones that extend from the front of the arch to the bones in the toe) and the sesamoid
bones (two small bones imbedded at the top of the first metatarsal bone, which connects to
the big toe). Pain originating in the back of the foot can affect parts of the foot
extending from the heel, across the sole (known as the plantar) to the ball of the foot.
What Causes Foot Pain?
General Conditions Causing Foot Pain
The causes of most incidents of foot pain are poorly
fitting shoes. High-heeled shoes are major culprits for aggravating, if not causing,
problems in the toes, where the most pressure is exerted. Other conditions can also cause
or exacerbate foot pain. Weather affects the feet; they contract in cold and expand in hot
weather. Foot size can also increase by 5% over the day and change shape and size
depending on whether a person is walking, sitting, or standing. Improper walking due to
poor posture or inherited or medical conditions that cause imbalance or poor circulation
can contribute to foot pain. Often one leg is shorter than the other, causing an
imbalance. High impact exercising, such as jogging or strenuous aerobics, can injure the
feet. Common injuries include corns, calluses, blisters, muscle cramps, acute knee and
ankle injuries, plantar fasciitis, and metatarsalgia.
Medical Conditions Causing Foot Pain
Arthritic conditions, particularly osteoarthritis and
gout, can cause foot pain. Although rheumatoid arthritis almost always develops in the
hand, the ball of the foot can also be affected. Osteoporosis, in which bone loss occurs,
can also cause foot pain. Diabetes is a particularly serious cause of foot pain,
infection, and ulcers, and, without proper foot care, can result in amputation. Diabetics
with foot deformities, such as claw toes, or bunions are at particular risk. Anorexia,
high blood pressure, and other diseases that affect the nervous and circulatory systems
can cause pain, loss of sensation, and tingling in the feet, as well as increase the
susceptibility for infection and foot ulcers. A number of conditions, including pregnancy,
heart failure, kidney disease, and hypothyroidism, can cause fluid build-up and swollen
feet. The increased weight and imbalance of pregnancy contributes to foot stress. Diseases
that affect muscle and motor control, such as Parkinson's disease, also cause foot
problems. Some medications, such as calcitonin and drugs used for high blood pressure, can
cause foot swelling.
Causes of Toe Pain
Corns. A corn is actually a form of a callus -- a
protective layer of dead skin cells composed of a tough protein called keratin. A corn
itself is cone-shaped and usually develops if a shoe rubs against the toes for a prolonged
period. As the skin thickens, the corn forms a knobby core that points inward. Hard corns
develop on toe joints, usually on the little toe. A shoe that squeezes the front of the
foot may cause one toe to rub against another forming a corn between the toes, which is
usually soft. These corns can be painful, however, if they harden and rub against each
Ingrown Toenails. Ingrown toenails can occur in
any toe but are most common in the big toes. They usually develop when tight fitting or
narrow shoes put too much pressure on the toenail and force the nail to grow down into the
flesh of the toe. Incorrect toenail trimming can also contribute to the risk of developing
an ingrown toenail (see How Is Foot Pain Prevented, in this report). Fungal
infections, injuries, abnormalities in the structure of the foot, and repeated pressure to
the toenail from high impact aerobic exercise can also produce ingrown toenails.
Bunions. A bunion is a deformity that usually
occurs at the head of the first of five long bones (the metatarsal bones) that extend from
the arch and connect to the toes. The first metatarsal bone is the one that attaches to
the big toe. The big toe is forced in toward the rest of the toes, causing the head of the
first metatarsal bone to jut out and rub against the side of the shoe; the underlying
tissue becomes inflamed and a painful bump forms. As this bony growth develops, the bunion
is formed as the big toe is forced to grow at an increasing angle towards the rest of the
toes. A bunion may also develop in the bone that joins the little toe to the foot (the
fifth metatarsal bone), in which case it is known as a bunionette or tailor's bunion.
Bunions often develop from wearing narrow, high-heeled shoes with pointed toes, which puts
enormous pressure on the front of the foot and causes the foot and toes to rest at
unnatural angles. Injury in the joint may also cause a bunion to develop over time.
Genetics play a factor in 10% to 15% of all bunion problems; one inherited deformity,
hallux valgus, causes the bone and joint of the big toe to shift and grow inward, so that
the second toe crosses over it. Flat feet, gout, and arthritis increase the risk for
Hammertoes. A hammertoe is a permanent deformity
of the toe joint in which the toe bends up slightly and then curls downward, resting on
its tip; when forced into this position long enough, the tendons of the toe contract and
it stiffens into a hammer- or claw-like shape. Hammertoe is most common in the second toe
but may develop in any or all of the three middle toes if they are pushed forward and do
not have enough room to lie flat in the shoe. The risk is increased when the toes are
already crowded by the pressure of a bunion. Lying down for long periods, diabetes, and
various diseases that affect the nerves and muscles put people at risk.
Causes of Pain in the Front of the Foot
The incidence of forefoot pain and deformity increases
with age. With early diagnosis, conservative therapy is often successful in treating
common disorders of the forefoot.
Calluses. Calluses are composed of the same
material as corns -- hardened patches of dead skin cells formed from keratin -- but
calluses develop on the ball or heel of the foot. The skin on the sole of the foot is
ordinarily about forty times thicker than skin anywhere else on the body, but a callus can
double this normal thickness. A protective callus layer naturally develops to guard
against excessive pressure and chafing as people get older and the padding of fat on the
bottom of the foot thins out. If calluses get too big or too hard, however, they may pull
and tear the underlying skin. Calluses can develop from wearing poorly fitting shoes and
walking on hard surfaces. People with flat feet are at an increased risk of developing
calluses. In people with diabetes, particularly those who have had foot ulcers, the
presence of calluses is a strong predictor of subsequent ulceration.
Neuromas. Neuromas occur when the tissue
surrounding a nerve becomes enlarged and inflamed causing a burning or tingling sensation
and cramping. Morton's neuroma is the most common neuroma in the foot and usually develops
when tight, poorly fitting shoes, often those with high-heels, cause the third and fourth
metatarsal bones to pinch together compressing an underlying nerve. Injury, arthritis, or
abnormal bone structures may also cause this condition.
Stress Fracture. A stress fracture in the foot,
also called fatigue or march fracture, usually occurs from a break or rupture in any of
the five metatarsal bones (mostly in the second or third). Fracture in the first
metatarsal bone that leads to the big toe is uncommon because of the thickness of this
bone. If it occurs there, it is more serious than fractures in the other metatarsal bones,
because it dramatically changes the pattern of normal walking and weight bearing. (Stress
fractures can also occur in the heel area.) They are caused by overuse during strenuous
exercise, particularly jogging and high-impact aerobics.
Sesamoiditis. Sesamoiditis is an inflammation of
the tendons around the small, round bones that are imbedded in the head of the first
metatarsal bone, which leads to the big toe. Sesamoid bones bear much stress under
ordinary circumstances; excessive stress can strain the surrounding tendons. Often there
is no clear-cut cause, but sesamoid injuries are common among people who participate in
jarring, high impact activities, such as ballet dancing, jogging, and aerobic exercise.
Metatarsalgia. When a cause cannot be determined,
any pain on the bottom of the foot where the metatarsal bones connect to the four lesser
toes is generally referred to as metatarsalgia.
Causes of Pain in the Heel and Back of the Foot
The heel is the largest bone in the foot. Heel pain is
the most common foot problem and affects two million Americans every year. It can occur in
the front, back, or bottom of the heel.
Plantar Fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis occurs from
small tears and inflammation in the wide band of tendons and ligaments -- the connective
tissue -- which stretches from the heel to the ball of the foot. This band, much like the
tensed string in a bow, forms the arch of the foot and helps to serve as a shock absorber
for the body. (The term plantar means the sole of the foot and fascia refers to any
fibrous connective tissue in the body.) Plantar fasciitis is usually a result of overuse
from high-impact exercise and sports and accounts for up to 9% of all running injuries.
Because the condition often occurs in only one foot, however, factors other than overuse
may be responsible in some cases. Other causes of this injury include poorly fitting shoes
or an uneven stride that causes an abnormal and stressful impact on the foot. Pain often
occurs suddenly and mainly in the heel. The condition can be temporary or may become
chronic if the problem is ignored. In such cases, resting provides relief, but it is only
Bursitis of the Heel. Bursitis of the heel is an
inflammation of the bursa, a small sack of fluid tissue, beneath the heel bone.
Haglund's Deformity. Haglund's deformity (also
commonly called pump bump and known medically as posterior calcaneal exostosis) is a bony
growth surrounded by tender tissue on the back of the heel bone. It develops when the back
of the shoe, almost always one with a high heel, repeatedly rubs against the back of the
heel, aggravating the tissue and the underlying bone.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome. Tarsal tunnel syndrome
results from compression to a nerve that runs through a narrow passage behind the inner
ankle bone down to the heel. It is caused by injury to the ankle, such as a sprain or
fracture, or by a growth that presses against the nerve.
Achilles Tendinitis. Achilles tendinitis is an
inflammation of the tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. Achilles
tendinitis is caused by small tears in the tendon from overuse or injury. It is most
common in people who engage in high-impact exercise, particularly jogging, racquetball,
and tennis. People at highest risk for this disorder are those with a shortened Achilles
tendon, which can be due to an inborn structural abnormality or can be acquired after
wearing high heels regularly. Such people tend to roll their feet too far inward when
walking and bounce when they walk.
Heel Spurs. Heel spurs are calcium deposits that
develop over time into a sharp bony growth under the heel bone. They often result from
improper foot movement during running or walking, poorly fitting shoes, and excessive body
weight. As a spur develops the soft tissue in the heel becomes irritated and swells,
putting pressure on the nerves and causing pain. Pain may increase with age as the fatty
tissue on the bottom of the foot wears away. It should be noted, however, that plantar
fascia, bursitis, stress fractures, and tarsal tunnel syndrome are more likely to be the
cause of heel pain than spurs.
Excessive Pronation. Pronation is the normal
motion that allows the foot to adapt to uneven walking surfaces and to absorb shock.
Excessive pronation occurs when the foot has a tendency to turn inwardly and stretch and
pull the fascia. It can cause not only heel pain, but hip, knee, and lower back problems.
Arch and Bottom-of-The- Foot Pain
Flat Foot. Flatfoot, or pes planus, is a defect of
the foot, in which there is no arch at all. Flatfoot is usually hereditary or caused by
diseases of the muscles and nerves. Arches can fall, however, under certain conditions. At
particular risk are women who have habitually worn high-heels for long periods. In such
cases, the Achilles tendon that runs down the back of the calf to the heel bone is not
stretched, so over the years, it shortens and tightens. The ankle, then, does not bend
properly, and tendons and ligaments running through the arch try to compensate. Sometimes,
they then break down and the arch falls. Some studies have indicated that the earlier one
starts wearing shoes, particularly for long periods of the day, the higher the risk for
flat feet. One indirect outcome of flat arches may be urinary incontinence or leakage
during exercise. The less flexible the arch, the more force reaches the pelvic floor,
jarring the muscles that affect urinary continence.
Clawfoot and Abnormally High Arches. Clawfoot, or
pes cavus, is a deformity of the foot marked by very high arches and very long toes.
Clawfoot is a hereditary condition, but it can also occur when muscles in the foot
contract or become unbalanced due to nerve or muscle disorders. An overly high arch
(hollow foot), in general, can cause problems. Army studies have found that recruits with
the highest arches have the most lower-limb injuries and that flat-footed recruits have
the least. Contrary to the general impression, the hollow foot is much more common than
the flat foot.
What Are Symptoms Of Foot Pain?
Who Has Foot Pain?
Nearly everyone who wears shoes has foot problems at
some point in their lives. Foot pain is fairly common even in children. Heel pain, for
instance, is common in very active children between the ages of 8-13, when high impact
exercise can irritate growth centers of the heel. Women are at higher risk than men for
severe foot pain, probably because of the high incidence of wearing high-heeled shoes. In
fact, severe foot pain appears to be a major cause of general disability in older women.
In one study, 14% of older disabled women reported chronic, severe foot pain, which played
a major role in requiring assistance in walking and in daily activities. Elderly people,
in any case, tend to have problems because their feet widen and flatten and the fat
padding on the sole of the foot wears down as they age. Plantar fasciitis is most common
in people over 50. Anyone who is overweight puts increased stress on the feet and is also
at risk for foot or ankle injuries. People who engage in high impact sports, such as
tennis, jogging, or racquet ball, or whose work involves heavy lifting and walking are
prone to foot injuries, especially Achilles tendinitis, stress fractures, and plantar
fasciitis. Many medical conditions and inherited abnormalities predispose people to foot
problems. Pregnant women not only gain weight but also often experience swelling in their
feet and ankles. Pregnancy also releases hormones that cause ligaments to relax, which
helps in bearing the child but can weaken feet. People with diabetes are at particular
risk for foot infections and should take special precautions.
What Are The General Preventive Measures For Foot Pain?
Preventing Foot Problems in Childhood
The first year in a person's life is important for foot
development. Parents should cover their baby's feet loosely, allowing plenty of
opportunity for kicking and exercise. The child's position should be changed several
times. Staying too long on the stomach can strain the feet. Children generally walk
between 10 and 18 months; they should not be forced to start walking early. Wearing just
socks or going barefoot indoors helps the foot develop normally and strongly and allows
the toes to grasp. Going barefoot outside, however, increases the risk for injury and
other conditions, such as plantar warts. When outdoors, shoes should be light, flexible,
and made of natural materials that "breathe". (Children's feet perspire
greatly.) Footwear should be changed every few months as the child's feet grow. Footwear
should never be handed down. High impact sports can injure growing feet, and parents
should be sure that their children's feet are protected if they engage in intensive
Foot Care
Toenails should be trimmed short and straight across.
Filing should be straight across as well using a single movement, lifting the file before
the next stroke. The file should not saw back and forth. A cuticle stick can be used to
clean under the nail. Skin creams can help maintain skin softness and pliability. Taking a
warm foot bath for 10 minutes two or three times a week will keep the feet relaxed and
help prevent mild foot pain from fatigue. Adding 1/2 cup of Epson salts increases
circulation and adds other benefits. Taking foot baths only when feet are painful is not
as helpful. A pumice stone or loofah sponge can help get rid of dead skin. Hiking or
strenuous walking can cause blisters. To prevent them, one study reported that treating
feet with antiperspirants before setting out may be helpful. Reflexology is an Oriental
massage therapy that manipulates hands and feet. A pleasant exercise using this method can
be done while taking a bath. Use the thumb, index and middle finger to rotate each toe in
a circular motion. Then, make a fist and rotate it slowly around the bottom of the foot.
Finally, gently twist each foot as if wringing wet clothes, moving the top and bottom in
opposite directions.
Foot Care for People with Diabetes. Daily foot
care is extremely important for people with diabetes who are at risk for nerve damage and
poor blood flow to the feet. Preventive foot care could reduce the risk of amputation in
people with diabetes by 44% to 85%. Patients should make a daily inspection and watch for
changes in color or texture, odor, and firm or hardened areas, which may indicate
infection and potential ulcers. When washing the feet, the water should be warm (not hot)
and the feet and areas between the toes should be thoroughly dried afterward. Moisturizers
should be applied, but not between the toes. Corns and calluses should be gently pumiced
and toenails trimmed short and the edges filed to avoid cutting adjacent toes. Patient
should not use medicated pads or try to shave the corns or calluses themselves. People
with diabetes should avoid high heels, sandals, thongs, and going barefoot. Shoes should
be changed often (three times a day if possible). They should not wear tight stockings or
any clothing that constricts the legs and feet. A new hand-held device that uses a nylon
fiber brush may enable the physician to identify nerve damage that can lead to ulcers by
pressing it against several points on the foot and eliciting the patient's response to the
A person with diabetes should check with a specialist in
foot care for any problems. Hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics for up to 28 days
may be needed for severe foot ulcers in diabetic patients. In one study, intravenous
therapy using ofloxacin or penicillin for only seven days followed by an oral antibiotic
was adequate treatment. A number of treatments (Dermagraft, Apligraf, Regranex) are now
available that stimulate new cell growth and help heal skin ulcers or use cultures of
human skin cells, although their benefits are still unproven. Granulocyte-colony
stimulating factor, or G-CSF (filgrastim, Neupogen, Amgen) is showing promise as an
effective alternative to antibiotics. One small study shows that treatment with human
nerve growth factor (NGF) may safely prevent and reverse some of the nerve damage caused
by diabetes. One study indicated that administering hyperbaric oxygen (given at high
pressure) promoted healing and helped prevent amputation. There was no follow-up however,
and more research is needed. According to a new study, the wearing of magnet-laden socks
seems to reduce or eliminate the pain associated with diabetes induced foot disorders.
Well-fitted shoes are the best way to prevent nearly all
problems with the feet. They should be purchased in the afternoon or after a long walk,
when the feet have swelled. The shoe should have adequate cushioning, 1/2 inch of space
should be left between the largest toe and the tip of the shoe, and the toes should be
able to wiggle upward. A person should stand when being measured, and both feet should be
sized, with shoes bought for the larger-sized foot. Women who are used to wearing overly
pointed-toe shoes may assume that tight-fitting shoes are normal, hence increasing the
risk for many foot disorders. New shoes should have padding, a flexible sole, and should
always feel comfortable right away without requiring a period of breaking-in. Ideally, the
shoe would have a removable insole. Elderly people wearing shoes with thick inflexible
soles also may be unable to sense the position of their feet relative to the ground,
significantly increasing the risk for falling. Some experts recommend that older people
wear thin hard soles. More research is needed to determine if thick soles are actually
responsible for foot injury in younger adults who engage in high impact exercise.
If shoes do require breaking-in, moleskin pads should be
placed next to areas on the skin where friction will occur. Shoes purchased for exercise
should be specifically designed for a person's preferred sport. The heel area should be
strong and supportive (but not too stiff) and the front of the shoe flexible. As soon as
the heels show noticeable wear, the shoes or heels should be replaced. If a person insists
on wearing high-heeled shoes, the heel should be wedge-shaped. (Even in these cases, the
heel height should not be extreme.) People should avoid extreme variation between exercise
footwear, street, and dress shoes. Shoes should be changed during the day.
The way shoes are laced can be important for preventing
specific problems. Laces should always be loosened before putting shoes on. People with
narrow feet should buy shoes with eyelets farther away from the tongue than people with
wider feet. This makes for a tighter fit for narrower feet and looser for wider. If, after
tying the shoe, less than an inch of tongue shows, then the shoes are probably too wide.
Tightness should be adjusted both at the top of the shoe and at the bottom. Where high
arches cause pain, eyelets should be skipped to relieve pressure.
Although people believe that foot-binding is a problem
limited to Chinese women of the past, it should be noted that fashionable high-heels are
designed to constrict the foot by up to an inch. High heels are the major cause of foot
problems in women and one study suggests that wearing high-heels may even lead to
arthritis of the knee. Fortunately, according to a recent survey, nearly half of working
women now wears flats; about one quarter wears pumps less than 2 1/4 inches in height and
another quarter wears athletic shoes. Only 3% reported wearing shoes with heels higher
than 2 1/4 inches. Women who insist on high-heels should at least look for shoes with
wider toe room, reinforced heels that are relatively wide, and cushioned insoles. They
should also reduce the amount of time they spend wearing high-heels. The American
Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society now awards a Seal of Approval to women's shoes that
they determine are healthy.
Correct Walking and Exercise
In addition to wearing proper shoes and socks, a person
should also walk often and correctly to prevent foot injury and pain. The head should be
erect, back straight, and the arms relaxed and swinging freely at the side. A person
should step out on the heel, move forward with the weight on the outside of the foot, and
complete the step by pushing off the big toe. A person should prepare for long hikes by
putting moleskin pads on the heel and other parts of the foot that might be rubbing on the
shoe. At the end of a hike, the foot should be checked for irritation and redness. Gentle
stretching and heel lifts after warm-up and before running can help prevent Achilles
tendinitis and heel pain.
Insoles and Orthotics
Insoles. Insoles are flat cushioned inserts that are
placed inside the shoe; they can be obtained in athletic and drug stores. They are
designed to reduce shock, provide support for heels and arches, and resist moisture and
odor. Most well-known brands of athletic shoe have built-in insoles. Dr. Scholl's is the
most popular insole, but many others are now available, including Pedifix, Sorbothane,
Implus, Footfit and Kiwi. Prices for these insoles range from $5 to $20. The Spenco
orthotic arch support is a high-end insole that can be molded by putting it into boiling
water for two minutes. It is sometimes recommended by health practitioners. In general,
over-the-counter insoles offer enough support for most people's foot problems. Shoe stores
that specialize in foot problems often sell customized, but more expensive, insoles. The
thickness of socks must be considered when purchasing insoles to be sure they do not
squeeze the toes up against the shoes. Women who have worn high-heels for prolonged
periods and have developed short, tightened Achilles tendons should consider heel
cushions, which are inserted inside the shoe and should be at least 1/8 inch high but not
more than 1/4 inch. People respond very differently to specific insoles and what may work
for one person may not for another.
Orthotics. For severe conditions, such as fallen
arches or body-structural problems that cause imbalance, podiatrists or physicians may
need to fit and prescribe orthotics, or orthoses, which are insoles molded from a plaster
of Paris cast of an individual's foot. Orthotics are usually categorized as rigid, soft,
or semi-rigid. Rigid orthotics are often used to prevent excessive pronation (the turning
in of the foot) and are useful for people who are very overweight or have uneven leg
lengths. Some experts warn that rigid orthotics may cause sesamoiditis or benign tumors
that form from pinched nerves. Soft orthotics are made from a light weight material and
are often beneficial for people with diabetes or arthritis. They need to be replaced
periodically, and because they are bulkier than rigid orthotics, they may require larger
shoes. Semi-rigid orthotics are usually made of layers of leather and cork reinforced by
silastic. They are often used for athletes, in which case they are designed for a specific
sport. The cost of examinations, casting, and x-rays is high but may be covered by some
insurance plans.
Before seeking prescription orthotics, people with less
severe problems should consider testing the lower-priced over-the-counter insoles. One
study found that 72% of people reported less foot pain from store-purchased insoles
compared to 68% of those who had them custom made.
What Are The Treatments For Specific Foot Problems?
Treatment for Acute Pain and Injury
Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers. Over-the-counter
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat mild pain caused
by inflammation of muscles. There are dozens of these drugs, but aspirin is the most
common of them. Others include ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, Rufen), ketoprofen
(Actron, Orudis KT), naproxen (Aleve, Naprelan), and tolmetin (Tolectin). It is important
to note that high doses or long-term use of any NSAID can cause gastrointestinal
disturbances, with sometimes serious consequences, including dangerous bleeding. No one
should take NSAIDs for chronic pain without consulting a physician. A gel containing
ibuprofen can be applied to sore joints. Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) is not an
NSAID, and although it is a mild pain reliever, it will not reduce inflammation.
RICE. The acronym RICE (rest, ice, compression,
elevation) is used to remind people of the four basic elements of immediate treatment for
an injured foot. People should get off injured feet as soon as possible (Rest). Ice is
particularly important to reduce swelling and promote recovery during the first
forty-eight hours. A bag or towel containing ice should be wrapped around the injured area
on a repetitive cycle of 20 minutes on, 40 minutes off (Ice). An ace bandage should be
lightly wrapped around the area (Compression). The foot should be elevated on several
pillows (Elevation).
X-Rays. If people suspect that bones in a toe or
foot have been broken or fractured, they should call a physician, who will probably order
x-rays. It should be noted that often a person is able to walk even if a foot bone has
been fractured, particularly if it is a chipped bone or a toe fracture.
Treatments for Toe Problems
Treatment for Corns. Warm-water soaks soften corns
so that gentle rubbing with a pumice stone afterward can remove dead tissue. Several such
treatments may be necessary before the corn has been removed. The area should be protected
with small, doughnut-shaped pads, available at any pharmacy. Soft corns are treated by
placing lamb's wool pads between the toes to reduce perspiration. Over-the-counter pads or
plasters containing salicylic acid are effective in removing hard corns. The pad should be
cut to the size of the corn and applied to the skin. After leaving it in place for a day
or two, the pad is removed and the foot soaked for 20 minutes in warm water. The area is
then gently buffed with pumice, and the procedure repeated until the corn has been
removed. Such medications carry a risk for irritation, chemical burns, or infection,
particularly for older people or people with diabetes. These medications are also highly
flammable. Salicylics do not eliminate the friction that caused the corn in the first
place, so the problem will probably come back unless correct shoes are worn. If the corns
are well-developed, a physician or podiatrist may trim them, using a scalpel to thin the
corn. This should only be done by professional, however, and not attempted as a
do-it-yourself project.
Treatment for Ingrown Toenails. To relieve pain
from ingrown toenails, the pressure from the nail can be relieved by wearing sandals or
open-toed shoes. Soaking the toe in warm water for five minutes twice a day in a solution
of Domeboro or Betadine solutions can be beneficial. Antibiotic ointments may be used;
they should be gently applied using a wisp of cotton, which should be worked under the
nail, especially around the corners, to lift the nail up and drain the infection. The
cotton will also help force the toenail to grow out correctly. The cotton should be
changed daily and the antibiotic used consistently. People who are at increased risk for
infections, such as those with diabetes, should have a professional treat the problem.
Surgery may be necessary in some cases.
Treatment for Hammertoe. At first, a hammertoe is
flexible, and any pain it causes can usually be relieved by putting a toe pad, which are
sold in drug stores, into the shoe. To help prevent and ease existing discomfort from
hammertoes, shoes should have a deep, wide toe area. As the tendon becomes tighter and the
toe stiffens. Other treatments, including exercises, splints, and custom-made shoe inserts
(orthotics), may help redistribute weight and ease the position of the toe. Surgery may be
needed in some severe cases. It is performed on the tendon or soft tissue if the toe is
still flexible. If the toes have become rigid, however, surgery involves the removal of a
small piece of bone in order to return the toe to its normal position. The procedure is
done in the doctor's office under local anesthetic. Afterward, the patient will wear a
splint and a surgical shoe for a week if surgery only involved the tendon and soft tissue
or for up to four weeks if bone was removed.
Treatments for Problems in the Front of the Foot
Treatment for Calluses. Calluses protect the feet
and often do not need to be treated, but if a callus causes pain, several treatments are
effective. Sanding the callus with a pumice stone after bathing is very helpful. Soft
cushions placed in the heel of the shoes or under the ball of the foot can help relieve
pain. Specially fitted shoe inserts are also helpful. Liquid solutions or medicated pads
treated with salicylic acid, the same chemical used to treat corns, are also effective in
removing calluses (For precautions, see Corns, above). If calluses are
well-developed and cause pain, professional trimming is recommended.
Treatment for Bunions. Pressure and pain from
bunions and bunionettes can be relieved by wearing appropriate shoes: soft, wide,
low-heeled leather shoes that lace up; athletic shoes with soft toe boxes; or open shoes
or sandals with straps that don't touch the irritated area. A thick doughnut-shaped,
moleskin pad can protect the protrusion. In some cases, an orthotic can help redistribute
weight and take pressure off the bunion. NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may
also offer some relief from pain. If discomfort persists, surgery may be necessary. One
interesting study used a protective pad plus a preparation extracted from marigolds
(tagetes patula) for hallux valgus. Patients reported that the bunion shrank slightly and
pain was reduced. An office procedure, known as bunionectomy or osteotomy, involves
shaving down the bone of the big toe joint. A variation of these procedures uses only a
very small incision, through which the bone-shaving drill is inserted. The physician
shaves off the bone, guided by feel or x-ray. Neither variation of bunionectomy is a cure.
Bunion surgery involves realigning the big toe joint and bone as well as tendons and
ligaments. In severe cases, the metatarsal may also be repositioned. Recovery takes six to
eight weeks and a patient may need to wear a case or use crutches, but patients are
generally satisfied with the results at six months. Longer-term studies are needed.
Complications can include shortening of the metatarsal, which may be prevented or reduced
using a procedure called fixation osteotomy, which uses a plate and screw device to hold
the bone in place. Some surgeons are testing bone grafts to restore bone length in
patients who have had previous bunion surgeries. A simpler initial procedure that allows
correction of the deformity without cutting or fusing the bone may be appropriate for some
Treatment for Morton's Neuroma. Pain from
Morton's neuroma can be reduced by taking off the shoe and massaging the area. Roomier
shoes, pads of various sorts, and cortisone injections in the painful area are also
helpful in relieving pain. If these treatments are not effective, the enlarged area may
need to be surgically removed. Surgery is usually successful and the patient can walk
immediately afterward. Sometimes the nerve tissue may regrow and form another neuroma.
Treatment for Stress Fractures. In most cases
stress fractures heal by themselves as long as rigorous activities are avoided. It is best
to wear low-heeled shoes with stiff soles. Some physicians recommend moderate exercise,
particularly swimming and walking. Occasionally, a physician may recommend wearing a
special wooden shoe and a compressive wrap to make walking more comfortable.
Treatment for Sesamoiditis. Rest and reducing
stress on the ball of the foot are the first lines of treatment for sesamoiditis. A
low-heeled shoe with a stiff sole and soft padding inside is all that is required usually.
In severe cases, however, surgery may be necessary.
Treatment for Heel Pain and Problems in the Back of the Foot
General Guidelines. Nonsurgical treatments for heel
pain are effective in 90% of patients. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society
(AOFAS) suggests trying shoe inserts, medications, and stretching first. One study found
that 95% of women who used an insert and did simple exercises that stretched their
Achilles tendon and plantar fascia experienced improvement after eight weeks. If these
methods fail, then the patient may need prescription heel orthotics and extended physical
therapy. Heel surgery to relieve pain may be performed for heel spurs, plantar fasciitis,
bursitis, or neuroma. Surgery is not recommended until nonsurgical methods have failed for
at least six months and preferably 12 months.
Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis. The first goals
of treatment for plantar fasciitis are rest and reduction of inflammation. The
inflammation and pain is most commonly treated with ice and taking over-the-counter
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Wearing comfortable shoes that have thick
soles and rubber heels is recommended. A sole cushion (available in drug stores) placed in
the shoe will provide added relief and cut down on stress to the heel. Cutting a round
hole about the size of a quarter in the sole cushion under the painful area will offer
support to the rest of the heel while relieving pressure on the painful spot itself. When
combined with exercises that stretch the arch and heel cord, over-the-counter insoles may
offer better relief than prescribed orthotics. Heel cups are not very useful. A moderate
amount of low-impact exercise (such as walking, swimming, or cycling) seems to be
beneficial. It also helps to stretch the plantar fascia: put your hands on a wall and lean
against them, with the uninjured foot on the floor in front of you and the injured foot
placed behind so that the heel is not touching the floor, stretch or bounce gently.
Fortunately, the plantar fascia heals by itself but it may take as long as a year, with
pain occurring intermittently. Pain that is not relieved by NSAIDs may require more
intensive treatments. Leg casts are effective. One device uses an Ace bandage and an
L-shaped fiberglass splint, which the patient wears while sleeping; it keeps the foot
stretched, allowing the muscle to heal. A walking cast may be better than even steroid
(usually cortisone) injections, which are often used to reduce inflammation in severe
cases. For athletes or performers who need immediate relief, an effective method is to
administer the steroid dexamethasone using a procedure called iontophoresis, which
introduces the drug into the foot's tissue using an electrical current. Embarking on an
exercise program, as soon as possible -- with NSAIDs, splints, or heel pads depending on
the patient's needs -- reduces the risk for future surgery. In extreme cases, so-called
release surgery may be needed to relieve pressure on the nerves that are causing pain. It
is nearly always very successful, although it requires a large incision and takes about
two months to resume complete normal activity. For selected patients, a newer procedure
called endoscopic plantar fascia release may be appropriate; it is less invasive and may
take less time for recovery. Another investigative procedure called orthotripsy uses shock
waves directed at the affected heel. In one study, 17 out of 30 patients reported
Treatment for Bursitis. NSAIDs and steroid
injections will help relieve pain from bursitis. Applying ice and massaging the heel is
also beneficial. A heel cup or soft padding in the heel of the shoe will reduce direct
impact when walking.
Treatment for Achilles Tendinitis. Like most
athletic injuries, Achilles tendinitis should be treated as early as possible. NSAIDs may
help to ease pain from Achilles tendinitis and reduce inflammation. It is also helpful to
apply ice four or five times a day for 20 to 30 minutes. Gentle stretches may also help
reduce the pain and spasms. If the calf is swollen, elevating the leg is recommended.
Exercise is safe when the heel is no longer swollen or tender, even if pain is still
present. If pain increases with exercise, however, the person should stop immediately. If
pain continues, the ruptured tendon will require a cast and perhaps surgery. Although some
experts believe a cast is sufficient in many cases, without an operation, the tendon has a
38% chance of rupturing again. Surgery requires a long incision with a postoperative
period of immobilization that can average six weeks. Complications can include a
significant surgical scar, infection, and muscle atrophy. Less invasive techniques are
being tested. Some experts suggest surgery for active persons and nonsurgical treatment
for older people. In one study, selected patients with ruptured tendons were hospitalized
for about five days and fitted with special footgear that continuously raised the back of
the foot (Variostabil). It was effective for most patients and the tendon ruptured again
in only 5% of these cases.
Treatment for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome. Pain from
tarsal tunnel syndrome may be relieved by treatment with orthotics, specially designed
shoe inserts, to help redistribute weight and take pressure off the nerve. Corticosteroid
injections may also help. Surgery is sometimes performed to relieve pressure on the nerve,
but unfortunately, studies are showing that this surgery is often not beneficial.
Treatment for Haglund's Deformity (Pump Bump).
Applying ice followed by moist heat will help ease discomfort from a pump bump. NSAIDs
will also reduce pain. Physicians may recommend an orthotic device to control heel motion.
In severe cases, when these treatments do not relieve pain, surgery may be necessary to
remove or reduce the bony growth. Corticosteroid injections are not recommended because
they can weaken the Achilles tendon.
Treatment for Heel Spurs. Most heel spurs do not
cause pain. If they do, NSAIDs and insoles may be sufficient. If the pain persists,
surgery may be recommended, which involves cutting and releasing the plantar fascia and
removing the spurs. The surgery can be risky and leave scarring that may be more painful
than the original problem. Recovery usually requires immobilization of the foot and use of
crutches for about two weeks. Surgery should be a last resort.
Treatment for Arch Problems
Treatment for Flat Feet. Army studies that have
found that recruits with low arches have less risk for injury in the lower parts of the
body raise the question of when and if to correct for flat feet. Children, with flat feet,
for instance, often outgrow them, particularly tall, slender children with flexible
joints. One expert suggests that if an arch forms when the child stand on tip-toes, then
the child will probably outgrow the condition. In severe cases, however, flat feet impair
the ability to walk and require custom-made shoe inserts or even surgery. An insole known
as the Dynamic Stabilizing Innersole System (DSIS) appears to significantly improve flat
feet in children. This insole responds appropriately according to the severity of the
condition and does not over-correct for mild cases of flat feet.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
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Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
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Harvard Medical School; Associate Pediatrician, Massachusetts General Hospital; Active
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Harvard Medical School; Associate Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
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Massachusetts General Hospital
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text:
Browning intensifies the smokiness of the sausage, allowing you to use less sausage while achieving maximum results in this simple-to-prepare frittata.
Prep: 3 minutes; Cook: 16 minutes; Other: 2 minutes
4 servings (serving size: 1 wedge)
More from Oxmoor House
Recipe Time
Nutritional Information
1. Heat a medium nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Coat pan with cooking spray. Add sausage; sauté 4 minutes or until browned. Stir in corn and, if desired, red pepper; reduce heat to medium-low.
2. Combine egg and egg whites in a small bowl; stir with a whisk. Drizzle evenly over sausage mixture. Cover and cook 8 minutes or until almost set. Remove pan from heat; sprinkle evenly with cheese and 1 1/2 tablespoons cilantro. Cover and let stand 2 minutes. Sprinkle with 1 1/2 tablespoons cilantro. Cut into 4 wedges.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In September 2010, Regis College will offer a new specialized Diploma in Ignatian Spirituality,which combines academic and practical training in the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius.
Responding to an international demand for in depth formation in Ignatian Spirituality, the new program offers training in the ministry of spiritual direction, the apostolate of the Spiritual Exercises, discernment, facilitation of grpups and ways of reading contemporary culture.
This course of studies also provides spiritual directors with an opportunity for ongoing formation, with an emphasis on Ignatian spirituality, and on the Spiritual Exercises in a closed 30 day retreat or in an adapted setting such as the Spiritual Exercies in Everyday Life.
The new program will be under the leadership of Professors Maureen McDonnell, D.Min. and Monty Williams, S.J., Ph.D.
For more information, please click here or contact the Registrar.


text:
SIKESTON -- Pallbearers for services conducted Wednesday at the First Baptist Church for G.H. Starnes, 83, who died Sept. 13, 2008, were: Shawn Lucas, Steve Huffstutler, Stan Banderman, Bobby Harris, Roger Stephens and John Stanley.
Honorary pallbearers were: Jim Leigh, Bob Patterson, Ray Clinton, Lloyd "Beans" Evans, Jack Hartzog, Jim Barber, Clarence Hilterbrand, Jim Doster, Roscoe Vaughn, Jim Ward, Bob Lambert and Bob Medlock.
The Ponder Funeral Home was in charge of arrangements.


text:
Black nationalism, political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early '70s in the United States among some African Americans. The movement, which can be traced back to Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association of the 1920s, sought to acquire economic power and to infuse among blacks a sense of community and group feeling. Many adherents to black nationalism assumed the eventual creation of a separate black nation by African Americans. As an alternative to being assimilated by the American nation, which is predominantly white, black nationalists sought to maintain and promote their separate identity as a people of black ancestry. With such slogans as "black power" and "black is beautiful," they also sought to inculcate a sense of pride among blacks.
Learn More in these related articles:
Say It Loud—I'm Black and I'm Proud" (1968), "
Don't Be a Drop-Out" (1966), and "
I Don't Want Nobody..."


text:
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Rockefeller calls it a day
By Dominic Kamp
October 23rd, 2013
Although it was back in 2008 when I visited the Rockefeller Center the last time, it felt like yesterday. I noticed though that the skyline had changed quite a bit. The building in the front center (between 46th & 47th streets) must have popped up out of the ground, as it's not even in Google Maps. Nevertheless, it was a beautiful day and at last, I could experience how Rockefeller enjoyed a sunny day's ending.
Adobe Photoshop CS6, Camera RAW 8.
Nikon D800, Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED.
Photo Settings: 14mm, f/5, 1/125 second, ISO 100.
Map: 40.7587, -73.9791
August 19th, 2016
Copyright © Sven Müller. All rights reserved.
Adobe Photoshop, tripod.
Canon EOS 5D Mark II, Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8L II USM.
Photo Settings: 35mm, f/9, 2.5 seconds, ISO 100.
August 1st, 2016
Taken at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada while hiking to the other end of the lake. The colour of the water, canoes and trees made for a nice composition.
Adobe Lightroom CS.
Sony Alpha NEX-7, Sony E PZ 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 OSS.
Photo Settings: 47mm, f/8, 1/125 second, ISO 200.
Map: 51.4121, 116.2332
Nightfall at Lake Aurora
By Dominic Kamp
July 31st, 2014
Composite of one of my Iceland Aurora shots (available on my homepage as wallpaper) and an old photo of Bannalpsee (Lake Bannalp) in Switzerland.
Once I finished combining the Aurora sky with the once daylight scenery of Bannalpsee, I used Flaming Pear's great Photoshop plugin -Flood- to create the Aurora reflections. I little tweak merges both layers so that the original ripples are combined with the new "fake" ripples of the Aurora sky. Then I mostly corrected minor artifacts and color fringing and last but not least, used Nik Color Efex to play around with the colors.
Let me know in the comments whether you liked it or what you'd improve. Enjoy!
Adobe Photoshop CC, Nik Color Efex 4.0, Flaming Pear Flood.
Nikon D800, Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED.
Photo Settings: 15mm, f/2, 30 seconds, ISO 800.
Sandy Cay
January 22nd, 2014
Taken during my secluded walk around Sandy Cay Island, British Virgin Islands.
Adobe Lightroom 4, Adobe Photoshop CS6.
Dream Big!
May 30th, 2012
I took this shot while visiting San Diego for Comic Con 2011. I could not have had a more perfect night to take this cityscape. The clouds were perfect and the night was clear... can't ask for more.
Nikon D90.
By Andi Kulse
April 26th, 2016
This was taken after a hiking tour through the Höllentalklamm.
"Valley of Hell", as it is known in English, leads up the Zugspitze on the German side of the German-Austrian border in the northern Alps.
Adobe Lightroom CC.
Canon EOS Rebel T1i, Tamron SP AF 17-50mm F/2.8 XR Di II LD Aspherical (IF).
Photo Settings: 17mm, f/9, 1/200 second, ISO 200.
Hubble's Sharpest View of the Orion Nebula
By NASA Images
May 26th, 2016
Credit: NASA,ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team
Carina Nebula
By Chris
February 22nd, 2013
ESO's VLT reveals the Carina Nebula's hidden secrets.
This broad panorama of the Carina Nebula, a region of massive star formation in the southern skies, was taken in infrared light using the HAWK-I camera on ESO's Very Large Telescope. Many previously hidden features, scattered across a spectacular celestial landscape of gas, dust and young stars, have emerged.
Credit: ESO/T. Preibisch
Jet in Carina
February 6th, 2016
A 3-light-year-long pillar, bathed in the glow of light from hot, massive stars to the top of the image. Scorching radiation and fast winds (streams of charged particles) from these stars are sculpting the pillar and causing new stars to form within it. Streamers of gas and dust can be seen flowing off the top of the structure.
Nestled inside this dense structure are fledgling stars. They cannot be seen in this image because they are hidden by a wall of gas and dust. Although the stars themselves are invisible, one of them is providing evidence of its existence. Thin puffs of material can be seen traveling to the left and to the right of a dark notch in the center of the pillar. The matter is part of a jet produced by a young star. Farther away, on the left, the jet is visible as a grouping of small, wispy clouds. A few small clouds are visible at a similar distance on the right side of the jet. Astronomers estimate that the jet is moving at speeds of up to 850,000 miles an hour. The jet's total length is about 10 light-years.
Composed of gas and dust, the pillar resides in a tempestuous stellar nursery called the Carina Nebula, located 7,500 light-years away in the southern constellation Carina.
Copyright 2000-2016 L-bow Grease, LLC.


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, ,Kancheepuram, 146 Gandhi Road, Kanchipuram, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu - 631502
Land Mark : Gandhi Road
View Website
Kancheepuram S.M Silks is India's prestigious brand supplying best quality Kancheepuram Silk Sarees. We understand the importance of Silk Sarees in the Indian tradition and culture. There are vast varieties of Silk Sarees available in India, but Kancheepuram Sarees holds a sacred place, and known for quality and exotic designs. S.M. Silks provides Kanchipuram silk sarees, exotic pieces of art, woven from pure mulberry silk. Our showroom showcases numerous designs of Silk Sarees in vibrant colors and decorated with fine gold thread (zari). We bring centuries-old tradition to our customer at its best.
Kancheepuram S.M Silks through its chain of exclusive showrooms in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka delivers 100% pure and genuine Kancheepuram Silk Sarees. We are recognized as the only place to offer wide range of original Kancheepuram Silk Sarees. Each of the products is handpicked from our own loom assuring best quality. The store provides Designer Sarees, Embriodery Works, Ethnic Sarees, Stone Works, Dhoties, Pattu Pavadai, Pure Silk Sarees, Traditional Sarees, Wedding Collections and Reception Sarees. We give best value for your money and 100% customer satisfaction....more
Kancheepuram S.M Silks offers exotic and exclusive range of Silk Sarees for wedding, making your big day really big. Our wedding collection includes Sarees with embroidery work and stone work all in pure silk. We sell art piece in the name of sarees. ...> more details
Kancheepuram S.M Silks provides handpicked best Embriodery Works Sarees. We are placed in Kancheepuram, and so easily pick best embroidery work from the craftsmen. We also manufacture innovative and intricate Embriodery Saress in our loom. ...> more details
Kancheepuram S.M Silks backed by a team of highly skilled designers and personnel offers exclusive range of Designer Sarees. Our range includes various designs of Sarees in vibrant colors. S.M Silks Sarees carry motif, pattern and textures that make you fall in love for them. ...> more details
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In order to meet the every minute requirement of their esteemed clients, they are offering variety of Designer clothes in beautiful designs, patterns, color combinations and sizes.
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The staff here is sweet and I found them genuine. They have quality stuff in nominal prices, I just have to say that they are superb dealers and seem professional.
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They have excellent range and collection of saris. They have saris available for almost all function to wear in. I really liked the range of saris they have. The price range is very economic. Must visit!!!
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Friday, December 26, 2008.
While many are still celebrating the holiday season, several Georgia schools in the CSRA are celebrating the All-State selections, which feature numerous area players.
ECI leads the way with three players, led by running back Washaun Ealy. Ealy was named the Class A Offensive Player of the Year. Also on the first team for ECI are defensive lineman J.C. Lanier and linebacker Mark Flott.
Glenn Hills has two players on the first team in Class AAA. Defensive End Jerico Brown makes his third straight appearance on the team. He is joined by teammate Lonnie Moore, a linebacker.
Jefferson County is represented by defensive end Chris Crenshaw and junior B.J. Bostic, who made the Class AA team at the athlete spot.
Meanwhile, Lincoln County has two players on the Class A first team: lineman Garrett Matthews and kicker Vance Tarver.
ARC senior kicker Eric Osteen also earned first-team honors, making it 2 years in a row. And also in Class AAAA, Evans junior Jonathan Finch, who rushed for 1,620 yards.
11 other players were selected as honorable mention.
RB: Jonathan Finch, Evans, Junior
K: Eric Osteen, ARC, Junior
DL: Jerico Brown, Glenn Hills, Senior
LB: Lonnie Moore, Glenn Hills, Senior
Honorable Mention
DL Nigel Charles, Evans, Senior
Honorable Mention
LB Brandon Watts, Washington County, Senior
OL Chartavious Danzy, Washington County, Sophomore
QB Terrell Brigham, Burke County, Junior
WR Bobby Burum, Burke County, Senior
ATH: B.J. Bostic, Jefferson County, Junior
DL: Chris Crenshaw, Jefferson County, Senior
Honorable Mention
QB Malcolm Eady, Swainsboro, Junior
Offensive Player Of The Year: Washaun Ealy, ECI, Senior
RB: Washaun Ealy, ECI, Senior
OL: Garrett Matthews, Lincoln County, Senior
K: Vance Tarver, Lincoln County, Senior
DL: J.C. Lanier, ECI, Senior
LB: Mark Flott, ECI, Senior
Honorable Mention
RB A.G. Middlebrooks, Lincoln County, Junior
WR Wilkes Goolsby, Lincoln County, Senior
LB Dexter Moody, ECI, Senior
DL Anthony Smith, Washington-Wilkes, Senior


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: CA$5.26 (33% off)
Sorry, this product is no longer in stock.
Wonderful highlighter and eyeshadow
Posted by 5619494590743265911 on Feb 11, 2014
Use this as an eyeshadow as well as a highlighter. It gives a very subtle sheen, without being overly sparkly or glittery. The colour is also a very nice, neutral pink shade, which goes well on skin with yellow undertones, as well as, I think, with pink undertones.
Love it!
Posted by KatySeventy on Apr 30, 2014
Great coverage. Shimmering, lasting colour. Matches a huge range of other colours and works well both at work and at parties. I'm impressed and thrilled to have found this one.
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First and Foremost everyone knows I AM NOT AN A.SMITH SUPPORTER AT ALL!! Ok with that out of the way, the question is how would you use A.Smith in 2011?
There are alot of teams out there with a need at the QB position and I personally want some kind of severance from Alex since he got 40 million severance from our organization.
I would like to see the 49ers tag him or resign him to a league minimal and then give him the Shaun Hill Special. Trade him to another team for draft picks. I mean put him under contract, and shop his sorry a** like Paris Hilton on the Vegas strip!! As hard as it is to believe there are still A.Smith supporters in the media, organization and fan base. So since there is clearly still a market for him, we need to do what we have been taught all these years and trade him to secure two 3rd or 4th rounders.
I might be alone on this, but after everything that the fans, organization, and anyone associated with the 49ers have been through in the last 6 years, just letting A.Smith walk away free and clear is not only a mistake but it is an unforgivable one. . .


text:
Other projects made by SusanW48:
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|Here are some details about my project:
|Whimsical, Cute
What was your source for this knitting project?
Online Photo or Website
Name of website or photo MAC CAT
What materials did you use? 1 x pair 5mm knitting needles. Approx 50gms D.K/Worsted weight yarn in med grey, red and yellow. Small amount of blue and green. 2 x Buttons for decoration Blunt wool/darning needle. 1x pair safety eyes 1 safety nose. Small piece black yarn for mouth. Good quality polyester fibre filling for head, body and feet, to current British standard.
Since I am half Scottish and half Greek, love the Scottish cat!
my daughter lives in scotland and has just got a kitten , i love this cat


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Panthers looking for ways to stop Brees, Saints
Published: Thursday, December 5, 2013 at 10:00 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, December 5, 2013 at 10:35 a.m.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Panthers coach Ron Rivera sees one potential flaw with his team's stellar defensive play so far this season.
"Apparently we like to bite on the double moves," Rivera said.
The Panthers (9-3) have allowed the fewest points in the NFL, but their secondary suddenly seems susceptible to big plays. Rivera his team needs to become more disciplined — preferably soon.
Carolina's secondary faces its toughest test of the season Sunday night when it faces Drew Brees and the league's No. 3 passing attack with sole possession of first place in the NFC South on the line.
"We know we have to correct that," cornerback Captain Munnerlyn said of the deep balls. "Our coaches have talked to that about that."
Tampa Bay's Vincent Jackson got by cornerback Drayton Florence for a 60-yard gain on Sunday.
Mike Wallace beat Munnerlyn for 53 and 57 yards the week before that in Miami. Wallace would have had two other big plays but Ryan Tannehill overthrew him on one deep ball and safety Mike Mitchell broke up a deep pass to save the victory on Miami's final possession.
Munnerlyn believes some of it is a reflection of Carolina's focus on being an aggressive defense. The Panthers have forced 26 turnovers on the season and have registered 39 sacks with their pressure defense.
"It's trying to be aggressive and trying to make every play," Munnerlyn said. "But the key is trying to play within the defense. We didn't do that on those double moves. We didn't play within the defensive scheme."
Munnerlyn said it's particularly important to not bite on those moves this week.
Brees continues to be one of the league's best passers and needs 206 yards Sunday night to eclipse 4,000 for the season. He's thrown an NFC-high 29 touchdown passes.
"You have to be smart with this guy," Munnerlyn said. "All of the pump-faking, he can get you with that. We have to make plays when they come to you."
Said safety Mike Mitchell: "It's not something that has always happened to us, but it has shown in the last two games. Obviously we want to get that corrected and I think coach Rivera has gotten it corrected. The only thing to do now is pick it off in the game to show that we have it corrected."
The Panthers will surely scour the game film from New Orleans' 34-7 loss to Seattle on Monday night looking for tips on how to shut down the Saints.
New Orleans coach Sean Payton knows that.
"They do enough things scheme-wise that cause you problems," Payton said of Carolina's defense. "The fundamentals of rushing the passer, playing good coverage and tackling are things that you see. You've seen them kind of blossom as the year has gone on. They have new faces there, some younger players, veteran players, it is a good mix."
Said Saints tight end Benjamin Watson: "It's kind of like we're going to be facing a tough defense just like we just faced in Seattle."
Of course, the difference is this game will be at the Superdome where the Saints have been nearly unstoppable.
New Orleans is 6-0 at home and averaging 33.2 points per game, compared to 3-3 on the road and 18.8 points per game. Brees has thrown 19 touchdown passes and three interceptions at home and 10 TD passes and five interceptions on the road.
"I think on the turf it helps in terms of their timing because they have an indoor facility as well," Rivera said. "They practice on turf. And turf does make a difference because of the timing. It's a little faster paced as far as running routes and stuff like that."
Florence said the Panthers' goal on defense remains the same — to allow the fewest points in the league. They've allowed just 157 overall or 13 points per game, by far the best in the league.
So he's not worried about a few deep passes becoming a lingering problem.
Even after allowing the long pass to Jackson last week, Florence ran him down at the 4-yard line. Three plays later, the Panthers recovered a Mike Glennon fumble to turn the tide and went on to win 27-6.
"We're an attack-style defense and that's what we're going to play," Florence. "As long as we play within the scheme, well, the numbers speak for themselves. Anytime you can hold a team to six points, you're doing your job."
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Ok, I've not been able to find much on the Internet about this issue.
I upgraded my site to 2.3.2 and when viewing the site I get an alert about a virus.
The virus is the Downloader virus and is supposedly in wp-stats[1].htm
Anyone else have an idea about this scenario?
Also, I've scanned all my files and there were no viruses found.


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A day will come, one day in the unending succession of days, when beings, beings who are now latent in our thoughts and hidden in our loins, shall stand upon this earth as one stands upon a footstool, and shall laugh and reach out their hands amidst the stars.
H.G. Wells (1866 - 1946)
Source: Preface to the Time Machine
Contributed by: PeaceHopeHappiness
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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MAY 04, 2013 - Popsugar
A Must Read - Share
The 139th Kentucky Derby rolls into Churchill Downs today bringing with it all the hats, horses, and mint juleps that mark the annual event. Stars got a head start on celebrating last night at parties all over Louisville. Lauren Conrad, who flew in for the fun on Thursday, dressed up for the Unbridled Eve Gala, where Lance Bass and country singer Luke Bryan also made an appearance. Lance later hopped over to GQ's Derby Style event to mingle with model Chrissy Teigen. Over at Grey Goose's Barnstable Brown Gala, Miranda Lambert, Kid Rock, and Joey Fatone performed while Jason Biggs, Emilio
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"We keep hearing about corruption, and normally, we're just spectators," software analyst Pascal Robichaud said. The hackathon creates an opportunity for the average citizen to be a problem-solver, he added.
At a press conference, Bellucci said the reason she's here shooting Ville-Marie is simple. She was blown away by Édoin's screenplay and loved the role he was proposing for her. She was even more sold on coming here to work with Édoin after she watched Marécages.


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Definition of kazoo in English:
A small, simple musical instrument consisting of a hollow pipe with a hole in it, over which is a thin covering that vibrates and adds a buzzing sound when the player sings or hums into the pipe.
Example sentences
- There's a brief accordion intro, leading to what sounds like a kazoo lament accompanied by someone scraping a few pieces of metal and wood together.
- Set up for lock grooves on three record players, Suzuki's sounds at times approximate ducks on a pond, kazoos, and Tuvan throat singers.
- Unfortunately, the transfer is so bad that the orchestra sounds like a bunch of kazoos.
Late 19th century: apparently imitative of the sound produced.
Words that rhyme with kazooaccrue, adieu, ado, anew, Anjou, aperçu, askew, ballyhoo, bamboo, bedew, bestrew, billet-doux, blew, blue, boo, boohoo, brew, buckaroo, canoe, chew, clew, clou, clue, cock-a-doodle-doo, cockatoo, construe, coo, Corfu, coup, crew, Crewe, cru, cue, déjà vu, derring-do, dew, didgeridoo, do, drew, due, endue, ensue, eschew, feu, few, flew, flu, flue, foreknew, glue, gnu, goo, grew, halloo, hereto, hew, Hindu, hitherto, how-do-you-do, hue, Hugh, hullabaloo, imbrue, imbue, jackaroo, Jew, kangaroo, Karroo, Kathmandu, Kiangsu, knew, Kru, K2, kung fu, Lahu, Lanzhou, Lao-tzu, lasso, lieu, loo, Lou, Manchu, mangetout, mew, misconstrue, miscue, moo, moue, mu, nardoo, new, non-U, nu, ooh, outdo, outflew, outgrew, peekaboo, Peru, pew, plew, Poitou, pooh, pooh-pooh, potoroo, pursue, queue, revue, roo, roux, rue, Selous, set-to, shampoo, shih-tzu, shoe, shoo, shrew, Sioux, skean dhu, skew, skidoo, slew, smew, snafu, sou, spew, sprue, stew, strew, subdue, sue, switcheroo, taboo, tattoo, thereto, thew, threw, thro, through, thru, tickety-boo, Timbuktu, tiramisu, to, to-do, too, toodle-oo, true, true-blue, tu-whit tu-whoo, two, vendue, view, vindaloo, virtu, wahoo, wallaroo, Waterloo, well-to-do, whereto, whew, who, withdrew, woo, Wu, yew, you, zoo
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: kazoo
Definition of kazoo in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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Medicare Supplement Benefits
Guaranteed Issue Coverage
During your Medicare open enrollment period, you are not required to answer any questions about your health and your policy is guaranteed issue. Other guaranteed issue periods are when:
- Your employer discontinues its group retiree health coverage.
- You leave a Medicare Advantage plan within a year of joining and return to Medicare.
- You move out of your Medicare Advantage/Private Fee for Service area or your plan is discontinued in your area.
- For more information, download the Guide to Heath Insurance for People with Medicare.
Coverage is Guaranteed Renewable
Your Medicare Supplement insurance policy cannot be cancelled. While premiums are subject to change, your policy will be renewed as long as you pay the premiums on time and make no material misrepresentations.
Keep Your Doctors and Hospitals
With your Medicare Supplement insurance policy, you alone select all your health care providers to use whenever and wherever you choose. You don't have to worry about your doctor or hospital leaving a provider network at any time. And you never need a referral to see a specialist.
Providers Accept Patients with Medicare Supplement Insurance
Your Medicare Supplement policy enables you to see any doctor or provider who accepts Medicare.
Your Coverage Travels With You
Just like Medicare, your Medicare Supplement policy covers your health care needs anywhere in the United States. Some Medicare Supplement policies even provide limited medically necessary emergency care outside the country.


text:
Take a sneak peek at the new NIST.gov and let us know what you think!
(Please note: some content may not be complete on the beta site.).
NIST Authors in Bold
|A L. Marsh; D J. Burnett; Daniel A. Fischer; J L. Gland;
|Benzene Intermediates and Mechanisms during Catalytic Oxidation on the Pt (111) Surface Using Soft X-ray Fluorescence Methods
|May 15, 2003
|The catalytic oxidation of benzene on the Pt(111) surface has been characterized, in pressures of flowing oxygen up to 1.33 Pa, using temperature-programmed fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES). During temperature-programmed oxidation experiments in flowing oxygen a series of four adsorbed intermediates are formed. The dominant intermediates with increasing temperature are: n6-benzene, 1,4-di-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene, 1,1,4-tri-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene, and n5-cyclohexadienone. All of these intermediates are strongly adsorbed based on the molecular rehybridization indicated by spectroscopic (FYNES) measurements. Adsorbed benzene inhibits oxidation below 370 K by inhibiting oxygen adsorption. Over the temperature range 150 to 215 K the 1,4-di-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H6 stoichiometry is formed by rearrangement of the aromatic ring. Next the 1,1,4-tri-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H5 stoichiometry is formed by oxydehydrogenation over the temperature range 215 to 285 K. Above 350 K a fraction of this intermediate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water, while the remainder is oxygenated to form the n5-cyclohexadienone intermediate with C6H5O stoichiometry, which is dominant at 390 K. The reactivity of this intermediate is clearly demonstrated by rapid oxidation with increasing temperature. No change in the activation energy is observed with increasing oxygen pressures in the range 0.067 to 1.33 Pa.
|Journal of Physical Chemistry B
|pp. 12472 - 12479
|NEXAFS,orientation,oxidation,soft x-ray,temperature-catalysis
|Research Areas:
|Materials Science


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Summer/Fall 1999
Volume 4 Number 2
By Barbara Chaapel
In 1993, when Donald Marsden ('84B) was associate pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church in Richmond, Virginia, he made a trip to Russia to visit several Russian churches and explore their needs and how his congregation could help. Today, he, his wife, Laurie ('86b), and their three children live in a small flat on the banks of the Moscow River and call Russia home.
They are in the third year of a three-year term in Russia as PCUSA mission specialists.
Marsden's primary mission is Christian education. He heads a ministry team that includes six Russian men and women, who teach art, music, and the theory of sports and games in Christian education and who help out in the office the team shares with the Mission for Biblical Literacy. The team has led seminars on children's ministry in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and introduced two new Russian language Vacation Bible School curricula, one on Jonah and one on Ruth.
Marsden has also learned about the publishing business! "I'm very excited about developing a series of ten lessons about Jesus and David that I am calling "Two Boys from Bethlehem,'" he says. "And we have a series on the Gospel of John in the proverbial editorial pipeline." He hopes Russian writers, artists, and editors will take part in these publications.
The Detroit native and cradle Presbyterian has found that the church in Russia is very isolated, having suffered well-documented persecution under the Soviets. "That isolation continues today," Marsden says, "and provides a breeding ground for superstition, which is much more widespread than atheism.
"Although most Russians consider themselves to be Orthodox, the large majority of these have no real concept of the content of Orthodox Christianity. About forty percent of those who say they are Orthodox say they do not believe in God."
Russian Protestants are even further isolated, according to Marsden. They are generally undereducated and poor and have a strong orientation toward evangelism, often ministering among prisoners, orphans, and the poor. "To be Protestant here designates one as a suspicious person," he explains, "perhaps one even associated with American spies."
But Marsden has what he calls "a hero" to whom he looks in helping him to persevere in the face of the challenges of the Russian churches. She is Eve Pomroy (Evelyn Pomroy Lytle), a fellow Princeton graduate. Only she graduated thirty-seven years before Marsden, in the Class of 1947!
Pomroy served with Presbyterian Church missions during her career, primarily teaching in universities in Brazil and Portugal. Fluent in both Spanish and Portuguese, she also worked as a consultant with the State Department in the areas of bilingual education and foreign affairs.
According to Marsden, Pomroy was inspired to study Spanish and to serve in the mission field by former PTS president John Mackay.
"After her retirement from teaching," explains Marsden, "Eve came upon a notice from Campus Crusade seeking teachers in international schools for missionary children. She inquired, but did not send in the application, believing someone younger was needed. Campus Crusade called her a year later and encouraged her to apply."
So at the age of seventy-seven, Eve Pomroy boarded a plane for Moscow, where she spent two years teaching Spanish, British literature, and art history at Hinkson Christian Academy, a school that serves the children of missionaries. There she met the Marsdens, whose children attend Hinkson.
Pomroy left Moscow this past summer, carrying home the deep gratitude of Hinkson's pupils and parents. "We have been so glad of the presence of people like Eve," says Laurie Marsden, "who has challenged students to use their minds and really think."
The Marsdens remain - and prepare for another Moscow winter. But the new flat, Laurie says, has "an oven, a bathtub equipped with a holder for a hand-held showerhead, and a washing machine that actually fits in the bathroom instead of the kitchen, where it was in the old apartment, so we're in fine shape."
Having spent last year directing the Russian Language Program at Hinkson, she is happy to be "just an assistant" this year, giving her time to work with the Alcoholics Anonymous presence in Moscow. "I attend seminars that explain the nature of addiction and ways to bring healing to families," she says. "And, believe it or not, I can actually help translate!"
Donald, meanwhile, will continue teaching, writing, and meeting with pastors and congregations to learn of their joys and needs and to connect them with American congregations in partnerships under the PCUSA's Twinning Project.
Under the project's auspices, representatives of American churches travel to Russia to meet their Russian counterparts. The Marsdens coordinate the work of the participating congregations, presently fourteen churches in each country. A brand new initiative offers Sunday schools in America a chance to partner with those in Russia by mail and email, without the expectation of traveling.
The Marsdens are grateful for the prayers and support of both friends and strangers at home. "We are far apart physically," Laurie acknowledges, "but we sense so much love and support emotionally and spiritually."
You can reach the Marsden "tribe" - Donald, Hannah, Christiana, Jeremiah, and Laurie - at [email protected]
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***This giveaway is no longer accepting entries. Read on for Tips for Using Ring Slings.***
I've been using ring slings since Grady was a tiny baby and they've become my favorite type of carrier over my last 3 years of babywearing. Both my kids absolutely love them and I find them to be versatile, comfortable, and gorgeous. I think they're one of the most classy baby carriers out there. The colors, the fabrics, the way the fabric drapes – just lovely. Dressed up or down – they're my go to carrier and I use one EVERY SINGLE DAY. With all that experience, I feel confident (and qualified as a Volunteer Babywearing Educator through Babywearing International) to give out some tips for using ring slings. They can be a little tricky at first, but if you follow the tips below, you'll be rockin' the ring sling in no time!
Tips for Using Ring Slings
1. Before you even put it on make sure the fabric is spread out evenly in the rings with each edge of the fabric being on the outside. This will make it easier to tighten and adjust once you have your baby in.
2. Place your rings higher than where you want them to end up. The weight of your baby will bring them down into the correct position. The correct position is the same spot you would wear a corsage – not on your shoulder, not on your boobs.
3. Spread the fabric out over your shoulder to maximize comfort. The fabric should cup your shoulder. It shouldn't be on your neck nor sliding down off your shoulder.
4. Create a good seat for your baby as you slide them down in to the sling. Some fabric should come up between the 2 of you to create a nice pouch that your baby will sit in with their knees up higher than their butt. Their legs should not be hanging straight down – your baby could potentially fall out. If you have a small baby you can alternatively tuck their legs up in a froggy position inside the sling.
5. Pull the fabric all the way up your baby's back to the tops of their shoulders. Older babies may prefer having their arms out – and that's fine – just be sure the fabric is pulled up to their armpits.
6. Tighten the sling's top and bottom rails by pulling the tail of the sling UP and OVER across your body while pushing up on your baby's bottom. The inside edge (closest to baby) will tighten the top and the outside edge will tighten the bottom of the sling. Tighten until your baby is right up close to you and you feel secure enough to let go. Your baby should not be able to lean away from you and you shouldn't have to use your hands to support your baby.
That's it! It takes a bit of practice – but once you get it – you'll fall in love with ring slings.
Comfy Joey Linen Ring Sling
The ring sling I'm wearing in these pictures was provided free to review from Comfy Joey. It's the Canary Islands Sunny Yellow Linen Ring Sling and it is just absolutely gorgeous! I get compliments on it all the time. I love that it's bright and stands out – anything that I can do to promote babywearing is a plus in my book! People come up and ask me about it, or tell me how pretty it is, and I use that to invite them to my babywearing group.
The fabric is linen so it's thin (yet supportive), breathable, and great for hot summer weather. It starts out pretty rough so you'll need to wash it (on cold), line dry, and steam iron to get it to soften up. And then it'll continue to soften up over time. You'll find little nubs and thread pulls in the linen, but this is characteristic of the type of fabric and IS NOT a flaw. It adds character and uniqueness to the sling.
The sling I'm wearing is a size small, but that has nothing to do with adjustability. The sizing just refers to how long you want your tail to be. The small is 78 inches long from rings to tail unthreaded. It falls right above the knee on me and I'm about 5'8″ and slender.
This sling comes with medium sized silver slingrings, but I actually find that I prefer the larger size – just personal preference though, as I find it's easier to adjust with larger rings.
The way the rings are sewn in to the sling is unique to Comfy Joey and is called a Hybrid Shoulder. It is a combination of a pleated shoulder and a gathered shoulder. It allows you to be able to spread the fabric wide over your shoulder for comfort OR make the shoulder narrower for greater range of movement. I typically prefer a pleated shoulder, but I find Comfy Joey's Hybrid Shoulder to be just as comfortable for me. It may be my new favorite.
Do you have any experience with ring slings? Have you tried a Comfy Joey one yet? I'd love to hear your experiences and questions in the comments!
Buy it
You can purchase a Comfy Joey Linen Ring Sling, like the one I reviewed, on the Comfy Joey website and select retailers starting at $62.50. The sling I'm wearing was $72.50. Comfy Joey also offers toddler width ring slings for a little more.
Check out Comfy Joey on Facebook// Twitter // Instagram // Pinterest
Win it
Three lucky According to Jenny readers are going to win $25 gift certificates to Comfy Joey! It's almost enough to purchase a doll sling or help you make a purchase of any of the slings you've been eyeing!
Enter below using the rafflecopter form. The first entry is mandatory and then the rest of the entries are optional, but will greatly increase your chances of winning! You can view my official giveaway rules here. Good Luck!
US/CAN 18+, Ends 7/26/13
***This giveaway is no longer accepting entries.***
Winners: Gail W., Jenn M., Lisa B.


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Founded in 1827, Lindenwood University is a dynamic four-year liberal arts institution dedicated to excellence in higher education. Lindenwood University is known nationally and internationally for innovation, entrepreneurship, and extraordinary dedication to students. In 2013, the School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences (SONAHS) was established to support community growth and the growing need for healthcare services in the St. Charles County community and beyond. The SONAHS provides access to higher levels of education for nursing and allied health professionals in response to an increasingly complex healthcare system.
In a unique partnership designed to provide opportunities for seamless transitions to higher degree programs, Lindenwood University developed a collaborative relationship with St. Charles Community College's (SCC) associate degree nursing program. The collaborative relationship will offer unique opportunities to engage in learning activities across multiple educational levels. In addition to nursing, Lindenwood University is planning to offer allied health programs in options that are in demand for healthcare.


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Studio Sessions
12:51 pm
Fri May 2, 2014
Jazz Violinist Regina Carter: Bringing 'Southern Comfort' To KPLU
By Abe Beeson & Justin Steyer
Regina Carter has been pushing the limits of what jazz violin can be. Last time Ms. Carter was in the KPLU studios, she had just released her album, Reverse Thread: Kanou and N'teri, which explored African music in a fresh new way.
On this visit to Seattle, with guitarist Marvin Sewell and bassist Jesse Murphy, she had just released her new album Southern Comfort, which features traditional folk tunes of the American South. This studio session features three tracks from the album: Cornbread Crumbled in Gravy, I'm Going Home, and Miner's Child.
You can also find our Studio Sessions available as a video podcast in iTunes. https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/kplu-studio-sessions-video/id657517777
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KPLU Studio Sessions


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Top Definition
A Japanese word that means the beginning of something. Used for someone's first sexual intercourse or when someone loses their virginity.
Her hajime was with that guy over there.
xBayBeexx tarafından 27 Mayıs 2010, Perşembe
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Short for "Hajimemashite" - Japanese for "Nice to meet you". Adopted as a greeting and then shortened to "Hajime". Sort of said under breath; not like "HAJIME!!!! OMG OMG!!".
>Hajime, so what's going on?
s0up tarafından 30 Ekim 2004, Cumartesi


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A major new exhibition of Jewish art and artifacts, including one of the Dead Sea scrolls, opened to the public on Friday. It's the first time the scroll goes on display outside Israel.
The 2,120-year-old scroll is heavily guarded and protected against light
"The New Hebrews, 100 years of art in Israel" was been organized by the Israel Museum in Jerusalem at Berlin's Martin Gropius Bau exhibition hall to mark 40 years of diplomatic ties between Israel and what was then West Germany.
The 3.6-meter-long (12-foot-long) Temple Scroll, which is being shown outside Israel for the first time, is one of the longest biblical texts found since the 1940s. It is estimated to be about 2,120 years old.
Bedouins discovered it in 1956 in the Judea Desert of the Qumran region, in caves overlooking the Dead Sea. It later disappeared and was recovered by Israel's secret service in 1967.
Israel's Mona Lisa
A cameraman films a work of art by Israeli artist Michal Shamir named "Wall-wound"
Snyder added it was appropriate to exhibit the scroll among artworks because of the importance of the discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls for contemporary Israeli culture.
100 years of art
A sculpture by Israeli artist Sigalit Landau entitled "The Plucker"
The show includes paintings, photographs, installations, architectural models and videos from over 130 artists. The oldest works date from 1906.
The Holocaust, however, plays a relatively minor role in the exhibition because the subject was for a long time taboo in Israel, the exhibition's curator, Doreet LeVitte Harten, said.
An unidentified man photographs two paintings by Israeli artist Gal Weinstein that depict the dead sons Uday (left) and Qusay of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein
The 1961 trial of top Nazi official Adolf Eichmann was the trigger for Israelis to begin discussing their experiences during World War II, she added.
A true miracle
Attending the official opening with Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom Thursday night, German Interior Minster Otto Schily said the exhibition clearly showed the significance of the Holocaust for Israel's creative culture.
"It truly is a miracle that we may speak of friendship between Germany and Israel despite the millions of murdered Jews," he said.
The exhibition is open Wednesdays through Mondays from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. and runs until Sept. 5, 2005.
Click here for DW-WORLD's dossier on the renaissance of German art.
One day after its official opening, Berlin's Holocaust Memorial has already become the focus of new criticism. This time it is not the monument itself in the spotlight, but the behavior of its young visitors. (May 13, 2005)


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> Brilliant idea. But, who does all the processing involved, or do the
> contributors make these decisions? Attached is a list of 1500+
> concordanced lines fromn about 100 million words I've sucked off the
> web. Probably useless unless someone has the time to decide how and
> what to include.
The key part of the idea is that anyone can, without too much effort
or time, pick some (two or three or twenty or whatever) examples from
a corpus they have to hand whicj **they think** match the posted
sense. So the 1500 examples you sent me aren't much use, I'm afraid,
becuase you have simply concordanced "fierce" from a large
corpus. What I hoped was that you would pick a few of those
concordance lines which you think match the sense of "fierce" I
posted. Then, through minimal effort on your part, plus the minimal
effort of some tens of other willing participants, we would all have a
set of maybe a hundred concordance lines showing "fierce" used in the
posted sense. That's the crucial thing -- you spend no significant
time agonizing over the task; you just quickly pick some concordanc
elines and send them in. Sure, not everyone will agree 100% that the
lines you've picked exactly match the sense I posted (first because
the sense I posted was just an arbitrary definition taken from one
dictionary which is clearly inadequate to define and delimit precisely
a semantic range; and second, because no-one is going to validate or
check your examples to make sure they do indeed exemplify the required
sense). The point is there may be fuzzy edges, but in the main the
examples collected will be a valuable dataset.
Thanks for your contribution
This archive was generated by hypermail 2b29 : Sun Jun 11 2000 - 12:24:35 MET DST


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Wind is the primary factor determining where Humburg sets up to hunt. "You've got to pay attention to the wind probably more than anything," he says. "Birds are always going to work into the wind. The tendency on a cold, blustery day is for ducks to work into the wind, to work into a high bank for instance, or into a sandbar where they have some protection. They want to get into a place a little more comfortable than where they've been. I know from flying waterfowl surveys on cold, blustery days, those birds are usually tucked right up against the high bank where they're protected from the colder elements."
Both river hunters believe in the efficacy of large decoy spreads. Spencer uses as many decoys as he can get in his boat.
"Big spreads are better than little spreads because it's big water," Spencer says. "In timber, you hardly need decoysbecause when you see ducks, they're in working or shooting range. Big water is different; you may see a flock of ducks two miles away, and they must be able to spot your spread. You need a visual attractor, and the more decoys you've got, the better your visual attraction is. Take at least three or four dozen."
Humburg recommends placing the decoys in strings on the water. "I know from flying waterfowl surveys that many times you see ducks on the river in more of a linear fashion. Often they'll be lined up along a sandbar or along the bank as opposed to in a big block or big bunch like you'd set decoys out in the marsh."
Most hunters using large decoy spreads leave a pocket of open water in the spread to encourage the ducks to land there. "You want an open spot in your decoys within gun range," Spencer says. "Set the decoys around the open spot close together when the wind is blowing. Set them more loosely in calm weather. Mallard decoys or whatever you have will work. But you might want to put about a dozen floating goose decoys out with your others. That adds to the visual attraction because a duck can see a goose decoy farther away."
Good, loud calling is best.
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act into law.
First duck stamp, designed by Pulitzer-prize winning editorial cartoonist, Jay N. "Ding" Darling, issued.
Prairie drought peaks.


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This star rating is the opinion of the property owner only. A Self-Rated hotel has not been assessed by the AA or Visit Britain, whose official star ratings we use across LateRooms.com.
Amberton Cozy4 Self rated
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About the hotel
The small Amberton Cozy hotel is excellently located in the heart of Kaunas. In the vicinity, guests will find attractions such as the Town Hall, the Cathedral, Vytautas Magnus Church, the pedestrian avenue, the House of Perkunas, Kaunas Castle and the confluence of the rivers Nemunas and Neris. The international airports of Kaunas and Vilnius are about 15.
5 km and 107 km away, respectively. The hotel has a modern interior design in warm colours, exuding a laid-back ambience. All of the cosy and spacious rooms are well-equipped and feature individual air-conditioning, flat-screen TV and other amenities. Other features include a restaurant, a meeting room with complimentary WIFI as well as a beauty parlour. A wonderful choice for a stay in the picturesque old town of Kaunas.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Hotel services
- 24 Hour Reception , 24 Hour Room Service
- In room facilities
- Safety Deposit Box
- Other
- Lift to all floors , Public Air Conditioning
- Dining
- Breakfast to go
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 14:00 hours
- Until 11:00 hours
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
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