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To reap the financial rewards of treating animals, veterinarians often start with a bachelor's degree, though, this isn't mandatory. They're then required to complete a four-year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, which includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Graduates then proceed with an internship program that lasts one year. All states require licensing for the profession.
Veterinarians averaged $43.87 per hour or $91,250 per year as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, mean financial rewards for the top 10 percent reached more than $68.11 per hour or $141,680 per year. This was more than double the average salaries of $21.74 per hour or $45,230 earned by all workers in the country. It was also above the mean wages for all health care practitioners and technical occupations, which was $34.97 per hour or $72,730. This category included doctors and surgeons as well as nurses, opticians and athletic trainers.
In 2011, the employers with the highest salaries for veterinarians were scientific research and development services. Average salaries ran $59.91 per hour or $124,610 per year. Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturers were next with mean wages of $54.46 per hour or $113,270 per year, followed by support activities for animal production at a mean $50.08 per hour or $104,160 per year. The biggest employers of veterinarians were other professional, scientific and technical services, which included veterinary practices and animal hospitals. They also offered the fourth highest wages at a mean $43.83 per hour or $91,160 per year.
The best opportunities for veterinarians in 2011 were in the two most populous states of California and Texas because bigger populations meant more pets that required medical services. However, they didn't offer the best pay for states at $46.72 per hour or $97,190 per year, and $45.21 per hour or $94,040 per year, respectively. The highest salary was in Connecticut, where veterinarians averaged $60.49 per hour or $125,810 per year. New Jersey followed with a mean wage of $58.40 per hour or $121,480 per year, and then Hawaii at a mean $53.52 per hour or $111,310 per year.
Town and Country
Veterinarians earned more in the city than their rural counterparts. Topping the list for pay in metropolitan areas was New Haven, Connecticut, at a mean $76.08 per hour or $158,240 per year. Lakeland, Florida, was next with averages at $75.46 per hour or $156,950 per year, followed by Newark, New Jersey, with mean wages of $71.93 per hour or $149,260 per year. For rural areas, East Central New York ranked first for compensation with averages at $66.77 per hour or $138,880 per year. West Central Pennsylvania was next with mean salaries of $64.45 per hour or $134,060 per year, followed by the non-metropolitan regions of Hawaii, Maui and Kauai, at a mean $58.92 per hour or $122,550 per year.
References (2)
Photo Credits
- Jupiterimages/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images


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Baseball Edged By Miami (FL) In Extra Innings 9-8
March 20, 2003
Miami, Fla. - Freshman Ryan Braun hit a bases-loaded single into left field in the bottom of the 10th scoring Paco Figueroa and giving the Hurricanes a 9-8 victory over Stony Brook in front of 1,316 fans Wednesday night at Mark Light Field.
After loading the bases with three consecutive walks to Figueroa, Adam Ricks and Richard Giannotti in the tenth, Braun hit a 3-2 pitch over the head of the left fielder clinching the win for the Hurricanes.
The No. 13th ranked Miami Hurricanes improve to 17-4 on the season, while the Seawolves drop to 4-5.
Braun led the offense for Miami going 3-for-5 at the plate, including a run scored, a walk and the game-winning RBI.
Hurricane closer George Huguet (2-1) recorded the win going 2.0 innings giving up only one hit, while striking out four batters.
The Hurricanes jumped out to an early 4-0 lead in the first inning scoring four runs on two hits and one error. With Richard Giannotti on second base and Ryan Braun on first base courtesy of back-to-back walks, an error by the third baseman allowed Gaby Sanchez to reach first base and Giannotti to score.
Brian Barton followed with an RBI double to right center, scoring Braun. Erick San Pedro drove in the final two runs of the inning with a single up the middle.
Miami regained its four-run lead in the bottom half of the second inning on an error by the second baseman allowing Matt Barket to score. Barket led off the inning with a double to left field and moved to third on a bunt single by Paco Figueroa.
The Seawolves cut the lead, 5-3, in the third inning ghlighted by a two-run home run to right center by David Wood. Andrew Larsen drew a two-out walk earlier in the inning and came home on the Wood home run.
Miami tacked on another run in the bottom of the inning, scoring a run on an error by the catcher. San Pedro reached first with a single to left field, moved to second on a single by Barton and moved to third on a wild pitch.
Stony Brook tied it up at 6-6 in the top of the fifth inning with three runs on three hits. The last two runs of the inning came on a RBI single from Matt Devins that followed a misplayed foul pop up at third base. The hit chased Ryan Dixon from the game after 4.2 innings of work.
Miami retook the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, 7-6, on a home run to right-center field by Barton. The home run was his fourth of the season and his second RBI of the night.
Stony Brook captured the lead for the first time in the game, 8-7, in the seventh scoring two runs on a Jim McCurdy double to center field.
The Hurricanes tied the game, 8-8, in the bottom half of the inning on an RBI single to center by San Pedro bringing Gaby Sanchez home from second base. Sanchez reached base with a two-out double down the right field line.

subset: commoncrawl


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Six months into 2016, and numbers show that lack of seat belt usage continues to be an issue in Wyoming highway fatalities. So far this year there have been 39 fatal crashes across the state resulting in 42 deaths. 18 of these fatalities were in single Continue reading
Tag Archives: fatalities
Wyoming Highway Deaths Attributed To Seat Belt Usage
UPDATE: Deadliest Week On Wyoming Roads
6 separate crashes involving fatalities occurred last week in Wyoming, making it the deadliest week so far in 2016. 8 people died as a result of these crashes bringing the total to 33 fatalities for the year which is still well below the 56 deaths that occurred in the state through this time last year. 83 year old Deloris Continue reading
Traffic Fatalities Fall In Wyoming
According to traffic statistics Wyoming has had significantly fewer fatal crashes on its roads this year when compared to this time last year. According to a Wyoming state patrolman this could be due to an increased police presence on the highways, and fewer drivers on the roads. Since January 1st of this year 19 Continue reading
2015 Colorado Highway Fatalities Highest In Years
The Colorado Department of Transportation is planning to "double down" on their traffic safety outreach this year after preliminary data from 2015 indicates that traffic fatalities rose by 10% making it the deadliest year on Colorado's roads since 2008. Continue reading
Posted in News
Tagged accidents, CDOT, county, death, fatalities, fatality, highway, Moffat, motorcycle, Rio Blanco, Routt
C-DOT Starts Click it or Ticket Campaign
The Colorado Department of Transportation has begun another Click It or Ticket campaign with a statewide nighttime seat belt crackdown. The nighttime enforcement began yesterday and runs Continue reading
C-DOT Reminds Motorists to Watch for Wildlife During Migration Season
The Colorado Department of Transportation is urging caution to drivers as deer and elk migrate to summer habitats across roads and highways. According to CDOT, there were 3,437 wildlife-vehicle collisions reported in Colorado in 2013, down from 4,016 in 2012 and below the 10-year average of 3,605. Of the 3,437 collisions, 3,183 Continue reading
Parks and Wildlife Offer Boating Tips
Colorado boat ramps and put-ins open this month around the state. As outdoor enthusiasts prepare to head out onto the water, Colorado Parks and Wildlife has several safety tips for boat navigation, boating equipment and getting to know recreational waters before you go. Accidents, injuries and fatalities rose slightly Continue reading
Posted in News
Tagged accidents, boat ramps, boating equipment, colorado, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, fatalities, injuries, outdoor enthusiasts, safety tips
Nearly 8,000 DUI Arrests Made in 2014
The new year brought new problems for 329 Colorado drivers arrested for impaired driving over New Year's Eve DUI enforcement, that ran between December 30th and January 5th. In addition, preliminary reports from the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) indicate that there were 153 impaired driving fatalities in Continue reading
Late Snow Could Mean Safer Avalanche Conditions
Colorado avalanche forecasters say mild temperatures this fall could lead to a more stable snowpack later in the winter. In each of the past two winters, the state has experienced early snowfall followed by longer dry spells. That caused a weak base layer in the snowpack that made slopes vulnerable to large, less predictable, Continue reading
Posted in News
Tagged avalanche, backcountry, colorado, fatalities, snowpack
DUI Campaign Begins Tomorrow
October is historically one of the deadliest months in terms of the number of impaired driving -related fatalities. The Colorado State Patrol says they want users of Colorado roadways to celebrate responsibly this weekend and avoid getting behind the wheel if they have been drinking. Each Halloween CSP and local law Continue reading
Posted in News
Tagged Colorado State Patrol, DUI enforcement, fatalities, Halloween, impaired driving
Craig Teen, Encampment Woman Killed in Separate Accidents
Authorities are dealing with two fatalities that happened on Wyoming roads Wednesday. According to the Wyoming Highway Patrol, a Craig youth was killed on I-80 just east of Little America, Continue reading
Posted in News
Tagged accident, Craig youth, Encampment, fatalities, Flight for Life, Grand Junction, I-80, Little America, Rawlins, Saratoga, Wyoming, Wyoming 130, Wyoming Highway Patrol
DUI Checkpoint Planned For Eagle County
In anticipation of the Colorado State Patrol's annual 100 Days of Heat campaign, law enforcement departments in Eagle County will employ a multi-agency DUI checkpoint this upcoming Memorial Day weekend. The purpose of the checkpoint is to apprehend and deter impaired drivers from Colorado roadways. According to Continue reading


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We are ASAHi Con! Our mission is to bring anime, Japanese culture, and the convention experience to the fans of Antioch, California. We are a small con with about eight years of history, and we don't plan ton getting too large. We want to open the door to people and show them how amazingly awesome conventions are! All our staff is apart of the ASAHi Club at Antioch High school, which means we have fresh staff members each year. Our graduates are trained in everything needed to run and plan a convention.
The Hydra is our name for the leadership of this convention. The Hydra consists of the Marketplace, Registration, and Marketing heads . Together they make sure everything runs smoothly and efficiently. Hail Hydra!
Brings his experience of running the legendary RECCACon, and the mainstay FanimeCon. He tries his best to stay out of the kids way to let them experience what putting on a con really feels like. However, he definitely is the rock we stand on to make this event happen!
They have worked for the con for four years, using their time to organize the Marketplace and now serves as Con Head. They are working to stay within the small convention scene later on. When they aren't working conventions, they spend their time drawing and playing videogames.
Has worked the con for three years, working as registration head to make entering the con as easy and quick as possible. He is working to gain real life experience in event planning. When not working conventions helikes to cosplay, attend other conventions, and watch anime.
He started working for ASAHi Con 3 years ago as the marketing head's second. Now he works as the marketing head, making sure the club looks good and is known by all the people! In his off time he works on his artwork, playing DnD, and playing RPGs


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Five presidents in one place
Five presidents together
Cheers greeted the presidents Bush, Barack Obama, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter as they took the stage together at the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas. The dedication today marked the first time since 2009 that all five living presidents convened in one spot, and only the fifth documented meeting of five U.S. presidents in history. Here are the others:
White House gathering
President-elect Barack Obama joined President Bush and former Presidents George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter in the White House on Jan. 7, 2009. All of the living members of the U.S. presidents' club spoke about the world's challenges with the president-elect and then stood, shoulder-to-shoulder in the Oval Office in a rare photo opportunity.
Reagan's funeral
Five living presidents came together with a host of other dignitaries at the National Cathedral in Washington on Friday, June 11, 2004, during funeral services for former President Ronald Reagan.
Nixon's funeral
President Clinton and the four living former chief executives came together to pay tribute at the funeral for former President Richard M. Nixon at the Richard Nixon birthplace & library in Yorba Linda on April 27, 1994.
Opening of Reagan library
Exactly 11 years after Ronald Reagan was first elected president of the United States, he and the nation's four other living presidents gathered here on Nov. 4, 1991 to dedicate the $57 million Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley


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King Midas
Setting in King Midas
The setting in the story of King Midas might require a little translation. But don't worry—we've got your back.
Here's what we know:
- The story takes place within the borders of Midas's kingdom.
- Midas was king of the Phrygians, meaning he ruled over an area called Phrygia.
- Phrygia was located in central Anatolia, which we now know as Turkey.
Ta-da! The story is set in Turkey.
Now, think back to the story. Are there any landmarks that stick out? Bingo: the river. In order to free himself from the golden touch, Midas is told to bathe in the river Pactolus. When he does, the power of the golden touch flows out of his body and leaves behind flakes of gold. Believe it or not, there really is a river Pactolus, and it really does contain gold. And sure enough, the story of King Midas has become a sort of explanation for why.
(Full disclosure: most of the gold is gone now, so don't bother looking for it. Yeah, we know that's what you were thinking. Don't deny it—you wanted the gold. So did we. Oh well.)


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Laveris Williams, 1989
O Street
Tony E Jones, 1989
Paulding Street
Chris Katzes, 1970
Public Drunk
Robert H Krejci, 1958
Skyland Drive
Aundrew T Chisolm, 1979
Henderson Road
Poss of Marj, DUI 2nd, traffic
The following were reported to the Meridian P.D. from the time period of Thursday at 00:00 to Thursday at 23:59.
Residential Burglary
4300 block of 5th Street, nighttime
900 block of North Frontage, nighttime
1800 block of 34th Street, nighttime
900 block of Church Avenue, unknown time
Commercial Burglary
5300 block of 5th Street, nighttime, attempted
Auto Burglary
2500 block of 39th Street, nighttime
2500 block of 39th Street, nighttime
2300 block of 10th Avenue, nighttime
3400 block of 25th Avenue, nighttime
900 block of 31st Street, nighttime
600 block of 21st Street, nighttime
600 block of 21st Street, nighttime
3400 block of 25th Avenue, nighttime
800 block of 19th Street, nighttime
3600 block of 24th Avenue, nighttime
Stolen Vehicle
600 block of 54th Avenue, daytime, key, 2002 Cadillac Deville, cream, LCY-208
Yesterday at about 1700 hours, Meridian Police responded to a Robbery at a store located in the 1700 block of South Frontage Road. While enroute to the call, a description of the suspect was given and a person was taken into custody close to the scene by responding Officers. According to the victim, a male dressed as a female came into the store and shoplifted some items. When the suspect was confronted by the store employee, the suspect produced a device similar to a taser and used it to affect their escape from the store. The employee was not tased however. Charges are pending on the subject in custody. No further.
180 calls for service
Yesterday, Meridian Police arrested 21 year old Fannetta Mitchell of Meridian and charged her with Aggravated Domestic Violence. This charge stems from an altercation on Tuesday where Mitchell allegedly stabbed her boyfriend in the shoulder. The victim has been released from the hospital and is recovering. Bond was set at $15,000.
Yesterday Meridian Police arrested 32 year old Reginald J Walton of Meridian and charged him with Intimidating of a Witness. Bond was set at $50,000.
Captain Dean L. Harper
Chief of Detectives, Criminal Investigations Division
Meridian Police Department


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McCain, Obama Spar Over Immigration Reform
Laura Meckler reports on the presidential race.
John McCain and Barack Obama were on the same side when the Senate considered comprehensive immigration legislation last year, but you wouldn't know it today. Both men accuse the other of not really, truly supporting the cause.
In a speech today before the National Council of La Raza, a Hispanic advocacy group, McCain hits Obama hard for supporting five amendments that he said undermined the underlying legislation, which ultimately failed.
"I cast a lot of hard votes, as did the other Republicans and Democrats who joined our bipartisan effort," McCain said in remarks prepared for delivery in San Diego. "Sen. Obama declined to cast some of those tough votes. He voted for and even sponsored amendments that were intended to kill the legislation, amendments that [co-sponsor] Senator [Edward] Kennedy and I voted against."
Obama's campaign says the amendments he backed were not intended to kill the legislation.
"The five amendments McCain is pointing to were in fact good faith efforts to improve the bill and work toward compromise and comprehensive reform," said a statement distributed by spokeman Hari Sevugan.
In any case, Obama says, McCain no longer even supports the comprehensive package. After it failed—and when McCain was being battered in the GOP primaries—McCain changed his position to say that the U.S. borders must be secured before other immigration provisions like a guest worker program or a path to citizenship can be enacted.
McCain replies to that charge in his speech today, asking, essentially, for some good will and credit, given his initial work on the issue.
"I never ask for any special privileges from anyone just for having done the right thing. Doing my duty to my country is its own reward," he said. "But I do ask for your trust that when I say, I remain committed to fair, practical and comprehensive immigration reform, I mean it. I think I have earned that trust."


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Flying cars, etc.
What the great minds behind Sound Shapes understand about the future of gaming is that it will be ruled by players, not by companies.
The PS3 and PS Vita versions are nearly identical (besides some excellent touch controls in the Vita's level creator). That's going to happen more and more often as the technological gap between consoles and handhelds narrows. But instead of capitalizing by charging for both, Queasy Games is doing the decent thing and offering both for a single purchase.
Further, these two versions are connected to your PSN account, so you share trophies and progress between them via cloud saves. And there's no risk of overwriting one with the other—manually syncing your progress is as easy as navigating to the settings menu.
Sound Shapes also comes with the perfect blend of creative and social features. The editing tool allows you to compose songs and design levels using basic shapes and sounds and objects from the existing campaign, and once all the Kingdoms Hearts, Mario and Zelda rip-offs are removed from the community level browser, it'll hopefully be easy to discover the game's user-created "greatest hits" (in the game's own words).
The level editing tools are robust enough, though there's no doubt they could be more so. Any such system is bound to have some limitations, though, and in my time with it I've already created something I'm rather proud of.


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Learn More About Levels Check out our Learning A-Z Text Leveling System and Level Correlation Chart. Teacher Training FREE live webinars can help integrate our solutions with your curriculum.
Learn More Don't Know Your Student's Level? Find out with Benchmark Passages and Benchmark Books.
Learn More Don't Know Your Student's Level? Find out with Benchmark Passages and Benchmark Books.
eBooksAs a Reading A-Z user, you know how important it is to have a wealth of resources to help EVERY student become a more successful reader. Now, with the addition of Raz-Kids, you can have access to a full Reading Solution that helps you serve your students like never before.
Raz-Kids delivers hundreds of interactive, leveled eBooks and eQuizzes spanning 29 levels of difficulty, covering a wide range of subjects. This award-winning site gives students 24/7 access to the practice they need to become better, more confident readers. At the same time, teachers can view reports and track student progress every step of the way.
When you combine Reading A-Z and Raz-Kids — also known as the Learning A-Z Reading Solution — you unlock all the resources and benefits of each site in addition to an enhanced version of the Raz-Kids Book Room accessible through our interactive Kids A-Z student-learning environment.
Unlike the regular Book Room on Raz-Kids, customers of the Reading Solution get hundreds of additional 750+ eBooks and eQuizzes, meaning teachers can seamlessly connect their instructional tools on Reading A-Z to what students are doing on Raz-Kids.
Then, when a teacher sees from a Raz-Kids assessment that a student needs more help with a particular skill, the teacher can easily give "just right" Reading A-Z resources for the student.
That's called instruction and practice with a purpose. And that's why Reading A-Z and Raz-Kids, when combined, are the perfect K-5 Reading Solution."
The Book Room for both Raz-Kids and Reading A-Z includes
- eBook versions of all 1,500+ Leveled Books on Reading A-Z
- Accompanying open-book quizzes for each Leveled Book eBook, providing important standardized test practice
- A formative quiz report for each student that includes quiz scores and missed comprehension skills
- The ability for students to listen to themselves reading each eBook and to record their reading
- Online quizzes for select trade books
- Sets of Nursery Rhyme, Poetry, and Song books
- Sets of additional books including alphabet, sound/symbol, decodable, high-frequency word, read aloud, and vocabulary books
eBooks and eQuizzes in Mobile apps! Students access eBooks and eQuizzes for the 350+ titles on Raz-Kids or the 1,500+ titles available in the enhanced Book Room for Reading Solution members through a tablet. Find out more about our FREE Kids A-Z Mobile App for teachers who own either Raz-Kids or the blended Reading Solution of Reading A-Z and Raz-Kids together.


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"In the past, I've been afraid of going to the dentist. Dr. Passut was very gentle and the Alpine Smiles staff made my comfort their priority."
"Everybody is very friendly and knowledgeable, my wife and I both visit Alpine Smiles for our dental needs and are very pleased."
"I love the friendly atmosphere! Everyone is always so flexible including offering late appoinments for after work hours."
"I love that my entire family can be seen at Alpine Smiles. They know us and treat us like family. It's a very warm and inviting environment."
"Everyone is always so happy and pleasant. The aroma of the lit candles makes the office environment very calm. I feel very comfortable and the staff makes me feel welcomed. The hygienist was very gentle."
"Dr. Passut and her staff are wonderful. I highly recommend her to anyone looking for a dentist."
Our new location is at 1600 W. University Ave. Bldg A, Suite 113 in Flagstaff.
View photos of our new office
Dentistry in the last decade has taken amazing strides. The pursuit of not only a healthy smile, but also a beautiful one, is made possible using the most advanced dental technology. Alpine Smiles is a progressive cosmetic, restorative and preventative Flagstaff dental practice. Dr. Joedi Pasut is proud to be a dentist in Flagstaff and provide you the most comprehensive dentistry available in a comfortable modern facility for your whole family.
Dr. Joedi Pasut will work hard towards her mission to create the ultimate stress free dental experience. From first contact we are committed to your individual attention. Listening to your needs, understanding your concerns and addressing your desires is always our number one priority.
Early morning and evening appointments are available for your convenience. We know time is valuable to you so we pride ourselves on providing on-time appointments. Whether you are interested in cosmetic dentistry or in need of restorative treatment, a consultation with Dr. Pasut provides you the opportunity to discuss how you feel about your smile and the desired outcome. Her excellent clinical skills and comprehensive approach help to guarantee an exceptional outcome.
It is our goal to provide our patients with outstanding dental care and to make each visit to our Flagstaff dental office an incredible experience. Come see for yourself today.
I have been fortunate that my practice has grown with the help of my wonderful existing patients. They have referred their family, friends and co-workers to Alpine Smiles.
As a "thank you" I have implemented a referral program with Starbuck's Gift Cards, Movie Passes and $25.00 gift cards as rewards.
A $300 value!
(Take home custom trays and professional bleaching kit)
Valid with exam, x-rays,cleaning and acceptable oral health.
MT - 9:00am to 5:00pm
W - Closed
TH - 10:00am to 6:00pm
F - 8:00am to 12:00pm


text:
A host of fresh faces will soon be joining Star Wars stalwarts Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford and Carrie Fisher in a galaxy far, far away.
Director-screenwriter J.J. Abrams and producers of the upcoming new Star Wars instalment (so far known simply as Episode VII) on Tuesday unveiled the cast for the anticipated new project.
"It is both thrilling and surreal to watch the beloved original cast and these brilliant new performers come together to bring this world to life, once again," Abrams said in a statement after the unveiling on starwars.com.
"We start shooting in a couple of weeks and everyone is doing their best to make the fans proud."
John Boyega, Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, Oscar Isaac, Andy Serkis, Domhnall Gleeson and Max von Sydow are the newcomers to the classic sci-fi universe originally created by George Lucas. The first film in the Star Wars series was released in 1977.
Meanwhile, actors Anthony Daniels, Peter Mayhew and Kenny Baker from the original films are also on board, as is original composer John Williams.
The movie is slated to hit theatres Dec. 18, 2015, and will be part of a roll-out of several new Star Wars films.
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Open AccessThis article is
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Pharmaceutics 2011, 3(4), 914-922; doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics3040914
Formulation Patents and Dermatology and Obviousness
1 Fordham University School of Law, 140 West 62nd Street, New York, NY 10023, USA 2 Axinn Veltrop & Harkrider LLP, 114 West 47th Street, New York, NY 10036, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 8 October 2011 / Revised: 11 November 2011 / Accepted: 14 November 2011 / Published: 21 November 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transdermal Drug Delivery)
View Full-Text | Download PDF [193 KB, uploaded 21 November 2011]
AbstractMost patents covering dermatologic products contain patent claims directed to the pharmaceutical formulation of the product. Such patents, known as formulation patents, are vulnerable to attacks based on the legal argument that the formulations covered are obvious over formulations already known prior to the filing of the patent application. Because obviousness is an important concept in patent law, recent court cases concerning obviousness and formulation patents were examined and discussed below. Courts have ruled that patent claims are obvious when features of the claimed formulation are found in the prior art, even if the features or characteristics of the formulation are not explicitly disclosed in the prior art. However, patentees have successfully overcome obviousness challenges where there were unexpected results or properties and/or the prior art taught away from the claimed invention.
Keywords: patents; formulation; obviousness
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
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Mei, D.-F.; Liu, J.; Davitz, M.A. Formulation Patents and Dermatology and Obviousness. Pharmaceutics 2011, 3, 914-922.View more citation formats
AMA Style
Mei D-F, Liu J, Davitz MA. Formulation Patents and Dermatology and Obviousness. Pharmaceutics. 2011; 3(4):914-922.Chicago/Turabian Style
Mei, Dan-Feng; Liu, Josephine; Davitz, Michael A. 2011. "Formulation Patents and Dermatology and Obviousness." Pharmaceutics 3, no. 4: 914-922.
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The RDA principle for reproductions is to base the description on the reproduction and not on the original resource. Although the RDA principle currently applies to printed reproductions, it appears that PCC will make an exception for microform reproductions and continue the old LCRI practice of describing the original print resource and adding a 533 note for the reproduction.
Since the specific PCC guidelines have yet to be issued, do not code records for microform as either pcc or rda for the time being. However, locally we will perform some hybrid modifications that will be consistent with OCLC guidelines.
If a microform set is a collection of reproductions, but the set as a whole is "born microform," the record for the collection as a whole should be cataloged as a new microform work under RDA. However, if the set is analyzed, if the individual analytics are reproductions of (presumably) printed resources, the analytic records are allowed to follow LCRI practice.
The 3 "hybrid" elements that should be applied to microform reproductions are:
- In the Leader, use Cataloging Form "i" rather than "a"
- Do not enter the GMD $h [microform] in MARC 245
- Instead, enter fields for content (336), media (337) and carrier (338) type
The descriptive elements 245, 250, 260, 300 and 490 should be copied from the record for the original. Punctuation and abbreviations should be left as is and not modified according to RDA. Continue to use 533 to describe the microform reproduction.
Access points from the original records should be used in the record for the microform unless an rda authority record has been established in a different form. Since PCC will probably require authority records for each access point, it appears unlikely that 042 will be used.
LC practice for microform is likely to continue following the RDA principle of describing the reproduction. See microfilm example in LC-PCC PS 184.108.40.206. Optionally, YUL original cataloging may follow LC practice for microfilm; in that case, the 040 can be coded for rda.


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Come Play with Us at the BarW
Getting here is easy - it's leaving that's the hard part.
Member of
A great Western vacation for all ages is what the Bar W Guest Ranch on Spencer Lake in Whitefish is all about. The Bar W is open year round and ready to treat you with true Western Montana hospitality - from the moment you arrive until long after you have left. Beautiful vistas and rolling ridges adorn the countryside of this cozy Montana dude ranch.
Located on Spencer Lake, where there are 3,000 acres available for horseback riding and all kinds of outdoor activities. Almost all of our guests - families, adults, singles and groups alike - have a tendency to think they are miles away from civilization here. But just 3.5 miles down the road from the guest ranch is one of the most vibrant towns in Montana: Whitefish, recently named one of the "Top Ten Cool Towns" by Frommer's Budget Travel. Expect to find some of the finest in shopping, dining, theater, and nightlife.
The Bar W is nestled at the base of Spencer Mountain, between two pine-covered ridges. The ranch consists of a 6,200-square-foot lodge, cabin suites, indoor and outdoor horseback-riding arenas, stables, a barn, play meadow, an entertainment area and a gazebo on the lake - all helping to make the Bar W an idyllic piece of paradise for our guests to soak in all year long.
Our horseback-riding program is the ranch's main attraction. Our experienced staff, trained horses, and the assorted terrain our guests traverse make for an incredible horseback riding experience. The Bar W's riding programs include hundreds of thousands of acres to explore. You'll ride in the mountains, over the foothills and across the open prairies of Montana Big Sky country.
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Dear friends
When we run a risk analysis of users in background job, this takes a long time and it´s canceled, we have 1950 risk and 850 users in SAP,
The latest analysis took 20 hours, and it was canceled.
It is normal for this analysis takes so long?
if this is not normal, what could be happening?
thanks for your help
There are few things you can do to improve the run time.
1. check out the note Note 1580877 - Best practices in
storage management for SoD analysis jobs
2. make sure you have exclude objects configured (profiles like SAP_ALL, SAP_NEW)
3. make sure to maintain the parellel processing configuration.
Dear Madhusudan:
We have problems with the user batch_risk_analysis job, I attached screen shots for better understanding,
When the job finishes running after 20 hours, reviewing the job delivered the following information with errors in the package number 9
but when you open the package 9 shows that all the user were processed without errors
we cheked the SLG1 log and found the following messages
so we thought there was a problem with RFC user permissions. but ,as you can see, permission are correctly granted.
what could be the reason of this apparent status error?
Thanks very much
Hi Luis,
To rule out all authorization related problems you can assign SAP_ALL profile to the the "test" users at the beginning of the project. You can always remove/fine tune the authorizations when everything works as intended and when more critical systems are hooked up.
Also, please ensure that SAP_ALL & SAP_NEW are excluded from the scope of analysis. Otherwise these profiles will generate all tonnes violations.
are you running this risk analysis for 1 connector or multiple? you can check the SM59 connection for authorization to make sure everything is working fine.
Also, I would recommend you run the Action and permission analysis separably.. also as suggested earlier, make the below config setting:
1. SPRO -> Governance, Risk and Compliance -> Access Control -> Access Risk Analysis -> Maintain Exclude Object for Batch Risk Analysis
add the SAP_ALL, SAP_NEW here and any other user/role/profile which you want to exclude from the risk analysis run
2. SPRO -> Governance, Risk and Compliance -> Access Control -> Distribute Jobs for Parallel Processing
you can have it to 3 processes, but you should gradually increase it depend upon the runtime and the system memory.
we will run Action and permission analysis separably tonight,and the config settings are the same in point 1 and 2.
I hope good news tomorrow.
Thanks very much in advance
Dear Madhusudan:
I schedule the job, and it took more than 56 hours, but all did not end well, there were some with errors, but it is not normal for these jobs ejecucción delayed so long.
Best regards
Hi Luis
I am experiencing the same kind of issue at a client on AC 10.1 when performing a Batch Risk Analysis on Users only. Roles and Profiles are completely successfully.
However the User analysis takes around 4 days to run, and then terminates. There are only around 600 users to analyse from ERP.
I am only selecting one connector at a time and only performing the User analysis at permission level but the job does not complete successfully.
The note that was mentioned above refers to AC 10.0 and i believe that it should be included in the AC 10.1 release. Any suggestions on how to resolve this for AC 10.1?
Kind regards,


text:
There are perks to being a forum [8] member. Earlier this month I held a secret contest, published only in the forum and only public for a short period of time. Those that acted quickly were sent a free temporary Grok Tattoo. I asked for pics and MDA forum members came through big time with this amazing collection of photos. Many thanks to everyone that participated and sent in a snapshot. It's a pleasure being able to put faces (and feet and biceps and shoulders…) to forum names. Stay Primal, everyone, and Grok on! [9]
Congratulations to Dragonmamma, who won the Grok Spear [10] from Cold Steel. Way to tat the back!
And by the way, every T-shirt [11] and Primal Leap [12] order now comes with a Grok Tattoo. Stay tuned for more contest results in coming days.


text:
Search Results for "propagation programs"3 links
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LV=CC, May 17: As it happened
Click here for all the latest news from the domestic cricket scene, including exclusive interviews, team news, match reports and photo galleries
7:15pm - That's all for today, then. Middlesex and Yorkshire sealed convincing wins while Surrey and Sussex are in the driving seat ahead of the final day's play tomorrow.
In Division Two, the games at the SWALEC Stadium and Wantage Road are in the balance and, after an action-packed first day at Canterbury, Worcestershire will be looking to build a first-innings lead when play gets back underway.
Here's a round-up of all of today's scores.
Division One
Derbyshire are 189 for seven in their second innings, leading Sussex by 11 runs at Derby.
Surrey are 73 for three, needing a further 186 runs for victory against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge.
Middlesex (347 & 72 for one) beat Somerset (152 & 265) by nine wickets at Taunton.
Warwickshire (128 & 140) lost to Yorkshire (407) by an innings and 139 runs at Edgbaston.
Division Two
Glamorgan are 303 for six in their second innings, leading Essex by 189 runs at the SWALEC Stadium.
Northamptonshire are 94 for five in their second innings, leading Leicestershire by 215 runs at Wantage Road.
Worcestershire are 105 for four in their first innings, trailing Kent by 54 runs at Canterbury.
7:10pm - RESULT! Middlesex (347 & 72 for one) beat Somerset (152 & 265) by nine wickets at Taunton. Denly places Steve Kirby through backward point to secure the winning runs. Some bad weather late this afternoon put Middlesex's attempts to win the game today in jeopardy, but once the players returned to the field, it was straight forward for the visitors.
6:55pm - Would you believe it! Alex Wakely succumbs to the final ball of the day from Wyatt and out of nowhere Northamptonshire are five down. They still lead by 215 runs going into the final day but the late flurry of wickets has certainly given Leicestershire hope.
Middlesex need 17 more...
6:50pm - Freckingham has claimed his third scalp as Rob Newton's brief spell at the crease comes to an end. Freckingham bowls the young right-hander for a four-ball duck to give the visitors at Wantage Road a real boost.
Joe Denly comes out to the middle to team up with Robson with 30 more required...
6:45pm - Leicestershire have picked up another wicket. This time it's Middlebrook who is dismissed, caught behind off Freckingham for 43.
Stumps at Trent Bridge gives Surrey a chance to come back tomorrow to knock off a further 186 runs with seven wickets remaining.
But it's now all eyes on Taunton where Middlesex have eight overs to find 32 runs. They'll be made to do it without Robson, however, after the Australian is bowled by Jamie Overton for 25.
6:40pm - Johnson and Tim Groenewald have seen Derbyshire through to stumps. Sussex will be made to return tomorrow to complete their win but you fancy, weather-permitting, they shouldn't encounter too many problems.
The final day at the SWALEC Stadium is likely to be much more intriguing with Wallace guiding his team to a 189-run lead and Essex needing four more wickets. At 184 for five, the visitors were on top, but Wallace's first half-century of the season and 98 from Walters has left things delicately poised.
The players won't be returning to the field at Canterbury, with Worcestershire 54 runs behind in their first innings at the end of an eventful first day.
6:30pm - Alex Wyatt has ousted Sales for 31 but Leicestershire still have a lot of work to do as Northamptonshire are effectively 189 for two in their second innings.
Derbyshire, meanwhile, are effectively six for seven! Monty Panesar accounts for Clare, who made 12, with Joe Gatting taking the catch.
Glamorgan skipper Mark Wallace remains unbeaten after bringing up a half-century and at Taunton, Chris Rogers and Sam Robson are making light work of their short run-chase, 17 without loss from three overs. You sense they want this game wrapped up this evening.
@Middlesex_CCC on Twitter: We're back out at Taunton, 5.3 overs left in the day - plus possible half an hour extra if the win is possible...... 60 to win #SomvMiddx
6:20pm - Sussex will be made to bat for a second time. That's because Richard Johnson and Jonathan Clare have given Derbyshire an albeit slender lead.
A fifty-run second-wicket partnership between James Middlebrook and David Sales has steadied Northamptonshire while bad light has stalled progress at Trent Bridge and Canterbury.
@Middlesex_CCC on Twitter: Looks like we have a 6.20 restart. 8.3 overs left today. 60 more to win #SomvMiddx
6pm - The following over, Moeen is gone, caught behind by Geraint Jones off Matt Coles. Neil Pinner is the next man in as Worcestershire look to get through to the close without further loss.
Derbyshire are close to parity against Sussex, trailing by 15, but will be fearing the worst now that Shivnarine Chanderpaul is walking back to the pavilion. He made 23 before Steve Magoffin found his outside edge, neatly taken by Michael Yardy at second slip.
5:50pm - Moeen Ali has moved on to 53 at Canterbury, his fourth half-century of the season. Moeen has added 63 important runs for the fourth wicket with Alexei Kervezee as Worcestershire move towards Kent's 159 after three early setbacks.
@TrentBridge on Twitter: Play set to resume at 17:40, losing seven overs. 23 to be played in the day. Surrey still trailing Notts by 221 #NottsvSurrey
5:35pm - Cricket can be a cruel game at times. Walters spent close to five hours at the crease, faced 234 balls, but has now fallen just two runs short of a century. Tim Phillips is the man celebrating after finding the outside edge which Foster claimed behind the stumps. Glamorgan lead by 120 with four wickets remaining.
Elsewhere, gloom has descended on Trent Bridge to offer Surrey a reprieve.
5:20pm - RESULT! Warwickshire (128 & 140) lose to Yorkshire (407) by an innings and 139 runs. What a performance from Andrew Gale's men at Edgbaston. The White Rose have been on top from the first morning and, thanks to Bresnan who gets Milnes caught behind for 18, have now completed an emphatic victory which puts them top of the table. Defending champions Warwickshire, meanwhile, have won just one of their first six games.
Surrey are in big trouble as Vikram Solanki is run out for a duck due to a great piece of work from Steven Mullaney.
At Derby, Ross Whiteley trudges off the field after Chris Jordan finds an edge, gratefully taken by Ed Joyce.
5:05pm - Surrey's run-chase has made a stuttering start. Harinath nicks Fletcher through to Riki Wessels for four to leave the away side 21 for two, needing a further 238 for victory.
Glamorgan are creeping towards a 100-run lead thanks to Stewart Walters who is unbeaten on 88.
5pm - Play has actually now resumed at Derby! Therefore, just Taunton and Wantage Road currently have no action.
Tom Milnes and Boyd Rankin are frustrating the Yorkshire bowlers, adding 21 for the last wicket. Plunkett and Tim Bresnan are the men tasked with dealing the decisive blow.
4:55pm - Another wicket has gone down at Canterbury and it's a big one. Sri Lanka international Thilan Samaraweera is bowled for two, with Davies the man to do the damage for the second time in three overs.
Wantage Road has fallen victim to bad light to force the Northamptonshire and Leicestershire players from the field. Three matches may be currently delayed, but we still have live action in four other games.
4:45pm - After being dismissed for 191, it's fair to say Nottinghamshire's day hasn't gone to plan thus far. But with Jason Roy the first Surrey wicket to fall, caught by Alex Hales in the slips off Luke Fletcher for five, things are picking up for the hosts.
No sign of play at Taunton which is good news for the home side with Middlesex needing just 60 more runs to win.
4:40pm - It's still only the first day's play at Canterbury but the game between Kent and Worcestershire is moving at a rapid pace. Having been bowled out for 159 in the 52nd over earlier in the day, Kent are now launching a fightback. Daryl Mitchell falls lbw to Mark Davies for eight meaning both Worcestershire openers have departed with the score 32 for two.
Straight after tea, Plunkett bowls Chris Wright for 11 and Yorkshire are just one wicket away from their third win in four championship games.
4:30pm - David Masters already had seven wickets to his name in the game against Glamorgan, and now he has one more. Jim Allenby is unable to repeat his 77 from the first innings, bowled for 11. A few more wickets for Essex this evening and Foster's men will sense victory.
Bad light at Derby has stopped Sussex's momentum but, at Wantage Road, Leicestershire have made an early breakthrough, Matthew Spriegel going lbw to Ollie Freckingham for one.
4:20pm - Tea is being taken at Trent Bridge and that is because Nottinghamshire have been dismissed for 191. Ajmal Shahzad is run out for 20 by Arun Harinath, meaning Surrey need 259 runs to win.
The refreshments are also being served at Edgbaston where Yorkshire are now just two wickets away from victory. Jeetan Patel is only able to steer Steven Patterson's delivery into the hands of Liam Plunkett at short cover for six.
James Anyon has found the edge of Dan Redfern's bat at Derby to give Ben Brown a simple catch behind the stumps. Redfern made 24, with the hosts trailing by 40 with six wickets remaining.
4:10pm - It's been a great day's work from Trent Copeland and he's finished in style with figures of 7-63. Alex Wyatt is the man to make way, lbw for one, as Shiv Thakor is left stranded on 64. Leicestershire are bowled out for 234, 121 runs in arrears, but at least the visitors have been able to avoid the follow-on.
Murray Goodwin has gloved a Reece Topley delivery through to James Foster to depart for 42, bringing to an end a 91-run stand for the fourth wicket at the SWALEC Stadium.
3:58pm - Having been dismissed for 159, Kent strike early in Worcestershire's reply with Matt Pardoe lbw to Charlie Shreck.
@Middlesex_CCC on Twitter: We're off for bad light, rain & apparently hail stones at Taunton - We're 11 without loss needing 60 more to win!
@EssexCricket on Twitter: Play due to resume at the SWALEC at 3.55 p.m. with Glamorgan 157 for 3.
3:50pm - Ryan Sidebottom has a third wicket, Jim Troughton lbw for 37, and Patterson likewise removes Rikki Clarke for 15 in the next over to leave Warwickshire 89 for seven on the verge of tea.
3:37pm - Play has resumed after tea at Taunton and Tim Murtagh soon has Steve Kirby lbw to dismiss Somerset for 265, setting Middlesex 71 to win and claiming figures of 6-49 in the innings and 10-77 in the match.
Surrey have taken three wickets in four overs to leave Notts 161 for nine, 228 in front. Stuart Meaker snared Samit Patel for 37 and Paul Franks before Linley ousted Mullaney.
3:21pm - David Willey traps Ollie Freckingham in front and Andrew Hall has Robbie Williams caught behind for nought as Leicestershire slip to 203 for nine in response to Northants' 355.
Kent are dismissed for 159 with Alan Richardson ending Davies' resistance on 40 to complete figures of 5-41. Tea is being taken at Canterbury.
@EssexCricket on Twitter: RAIN STOPPED PLAY Glamorgan 157 for 3. Stewart Walters 71*, Murray Goodwin 34*
3:08pm - Yorkshire strengthen their hand against Warwickshire as Steven Patterson sends Chris Woakes' middle stump flying, leaving Warwickshire 63 for five in their second innings - 216 in arrears.
Steve Magoffin snares in-form Chesney Hughes for 32, making Derbyshire 101 for three and 77 behind Sussex.
Rain forces an early tea at Taunton with Somerset still nine down.
3:01pm - From 94 for eight, Matt Coles and Mark Davies added 43 until Jack Shantry had the former lbw for 21.
@EssexCricket on Twitter: Weather deteriorating here at The Swalec, it's getting gloomy. 137 for 3. Stewart Walters 59 and Murray Goodwin
2:49pm - Jos Buttler, Somerset's last realistic hope of avoiding defeat, falls for 85 to Gareth Berg. Somerset are 249 for nine, following on, 55 ahead of Middlesex.
2:41pm - Dernbach strikes twice in two balls but is denied a hat-trick by Steven Mullaney. James Taylor and Riki Wessels are the men out, reducing Notts to 122 for six - 189 ahead of Surrey on second innings.
Copeland makes it two in two overs and six personal wickets in this innings, pinning Jigar Naik in front. Walters reaches a fifty for Glamorgan.
2:30pm - Middlesex continue to close on victory over Somerset with Tom Smith bowling Jack Leach for 21. The Taunton hosts lead by 40 with just two wickets left.
Trent Copeland has his fourth five-for in his seven games for Northamptonshire by bowling Matthew Boyce for 23. Leicestershire are 181 for six in reply to 355.
Glamorgan move ahead of Essex as Stewart Walters and Murray Goodwin build a handy fourth-wicket stand.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Gone! Ambrose caught at second slip low down by Lyth off Sidebottom, 22, 40-4.
2:23pm - Monty Panesar bowls Wayne Madsen for 32, making Derbyshire 80 for two in their second innings - 98 behind Sussex.
2:15pm - Northeast has gone too as Kent lose their third wicket in seven balls. Alan Richardson has the right-hander caught behind.
2:08pm - Surrey continue to fight back at Trent Bridge with Tim Linley having Michael Lumb lbw for 28.
Kent are 94 for seven as Gareth Andrew strikes twice in an over, bowling Geraint Jones for 16 and trapping James Tredwell in front for four. A lot rests on half-centurion Sam Northeast.
Play is about to resume at Taunton.
@kentcricket on Twitter: 50 for Sam Northeast! Kent 89/5 after 34 overs.
@Middlesex_CCC on Twitter: Rain at Taunton & we're coming off with Somerset 222-7, leading by 27 runs - hopefully just a short delay!
1:57pm - The first wicket of the afternoon session goes to Jade Dernbach, who bowls Ed Cowan for 20. That leaves Nottinghamshire 98 for three, 165 ahead of Surrey on second innings.
1:45pm - Play has resumed at all seven LV= County Championship games, as well as in the first Investec Test between England and New Zealand that you can follow here.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Floodlights are on at Edgbaston, where covers are being taken off ahead of afternoon session.
1:05pm - Copeland continues to impress for Northamptonshire, trapping Leicestershire skipper Ramnaresh Sarwan leg before. And Yorkshire charge on, too, as Bresnan gets another lbw verdict, this time to oust Darren Maddy with the last ball before lunch. Here are the scores at the interval:
Division One
Derbyshire are 39 for one in their second innings, 139 behind Sussex at Derby.
Nottinghamshire are 78 for two in their second innings, 145 ahead of Surrey at Trent Bridge.
Somerset are 208 for seven following on, 13 ahead of Middlesex at Taunton.
Warwickshire are nine for three in their second innings, 270 behind Yorkshire at Edgbaston.
Division Two
Glamorgan are 80 for three in their second innings, 34 behind Essex at the SWALEC Stadium.
Leicestershire are 134 for five replying to Northamptonshire's 355 at Wantage Road.
Kent are 68 for five after being asked to bat by Worcestershire today at Canterbury.
12:55pm - Masters is at it again, uprooting Marcus North's off stump as the Australian played back to a delivery too full. An early lunch has been taken at Trent Bridge, where the action should recommence at 1:30pm.
@TrentBridge on Twitter: Early lunch to be taken at ten to one, with play scheduled to resume at 1.30
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: And another for Sidebottom, who has also struck with his first ball. Porterfield lbw for 0. 4-2.
12:46pm - Wow! Yorkshire are really turning the screw. After eventually being dismissed for 407, Rashid striking 110 not out, they claim a wicket with the first ball of Warwickshire's reply when Tim Bresnan traps Varun Chopra lbw.
Somerset, for whom Buttler has passed 50, have lost a seventh, Alfonso Thomas going for 19, and Kent are really struggling on 64 for five as Michael Powell, Ben Harmison and Darren Stevens fall in quick succession.
Immediately after the resumption at Wantage Road, Ned Eckersley has been pinned in front by Copeland for 25 and Josh Cobb likewise by David Willey.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Big slog-swept six from Rashid five rows back at mid-wicket off Patel. 396-9.
12:28pm - Ravi Bopara, having struck 145 yesterday, shows his worth with the ball by bowling Will Bragg; Glamorgan are 65 for two.
Immediately after the resumption at Wantage Road, Ned Eckersley has been pinned in front by Copeland for 25.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Patel has wicket number four. Sidebottom the man to go for 20, trapped lbw. 389-9. Nice stand of 35.
12:13pm - And there it is! Rashid goes to a century as Billy Godleman departs cheaply, lbw to James Anyon, for Derbyshire in their second innings. Play has resumed at Trent Bridge, meanwhile.
12pm - Things had been going better, but Somerset have now lost Peter Trego for 82 to be 157 for six, still 38 behind. In-form Jos Buttler looks well set on 37, while Tim Murtagh has five wickets in the innings and nine in the match.
Kent have lost Brendan Nash cheaply and are now two down, while Adil Rashid is closing on another century for Yorkshire.
@derbyshireccc on Twitter: WICKET! Groenewald clean bowls Yardy for 153 as Sussex are dismissed for 401, a lead of 178 runs. Joyce 25 not out
@SussexCCC on Twitter: And Sussex pass 400 for another batting point. 401/9 with Yardy 153no and Joyce 25no
@kentcricket on Twitter: - 10 overs gone and Kent are 35/0. Next ball Key was bowled by Richardson for 8. Nash comes in as Kent are 35/1
11:41am - Ed Joyce, having missed yesterday's play to return home for family reasons, is back at Derby and batting alongside centurion Michael Yardy having come in at number 11. That must be pretty demoralising for the home bowlers...
Play has halted at Trent Bridge and Wantage Road due to bad light.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Plunkett the second man to fall strangled down leg-side, he was pulling at Wright. Gone for 9, 354-8.
11:33am - Amid Yorkshire and Sussex claiming extra batting bonus points, Leicestershire lose Greg Smith for 52 in their Division Two clash with Northamptonshire, for whom Trent Copeland claims his second wicket.
A dismissal that is less harmful is that of Nottinghamshire nightwatchman Luke Fletcher, who has edged Stuart Meaker to second slip.
11:19am - Glamorgan's morning does not look quite so good now; Ben Wright is bowled second ball by the outstanding David Masters to leave the hosts none for one, still 114 behind.
Derbyshire get their first breakthrough of the day, Mark Footitt claiming his sixth wicket, that of Monty Panesar, to leave Sussex 341 for nine, 118 ahead.
@Yorkshireccc on Twitter: Rashid has also been bowled on 68 by a Wright no ball.
11:06am - Glamorgan waste little time in claiming the last Essex wicket, Michael Hogan completing figures of 6-70 by getting rid of Graham Napier for 43 to dismiss the visitors for 345. At Edgbaston, Liam Plunkett enjoys a life as Will Porterfield shells an opportunity at gully.
10:39am - The news from the toss at Canterbury is Worcestershire have won the toss elected to field. Here are the scores from the games set to resume:
Division One
Sussex are 328 for eight in reply to Derbyshire's 223 all out at Derby.
Nottinghamshire are 24 for one in their second innings, 91 ahead of Surrey at Trent Bridge.
Somerset are 122 for five following on, 83 behind Middlesex at Taunton.
Yorkshire have moved on to 318 for seven in reply to Warwickshire's 128 all out at Edgbaston.
Division Two
Essex are 343 for nine in reply to Glamorgan's 231 all out at the SWALEC Stadium.
Leicestershire are 89 for one replying to Northamptonshire's 355 at Wantage Road.
10:25am - Hello and welcome to our live text commentary of the LV= County Championship action as six games enter day three and Kent versus Worcestershire begins.
Want to know what's happening at your county? Interested in how your rivals are faring? Look no further than ecb.co.uk's county-by-county page


text: Fish Molee is a unique Kerala Fish Recipe which has coconut milk as the main ingredient. Unlike the traditional Kerala Style Fish curries, this recipe doesn't use Tamarind and is not spicy. It is an excellent side dish for Appam, Bread or Roti. I had Fish Molee for the first time when I was a


text:
Jaguar Mining (JAG) reported full year and fourth quarter 2011 earnings on March 22, 2012 which included the latest news concerning the possible sale of the business in 2Q 2012. For those unfamiliar, Jaguar Mining is a junior gold producer located in Brazil. Their stock price has historically lagged the Junior Gold Miners ETF (NYSEARCA:GDXJ) due to a long history of problems ranging from increasing cash costs to overall unprofitably.
JAG has attractive assets but has only provided frustrating performance. The stock price reflects the overall disappointing production results but the market ignores the reported unsolicited bid of $9.30 by Shandong Gold Group. This represents a 82% upside from March 22, 2012 closing price of $5.11. The bid occurs while JAG continues an aggressive drilling program to further expand the resources at their Gurupi project with an estimated 2.5 million ounces. The Gurupi project provides additional growth and significant exploration upside to JAG's future reserves. As the Gurupi project grows so will capital costs which JAG doesn't appear capable of funding without additional capital. 2011 was another lackluster year for JAG shareholders but ended on a positive note due to the possibility of a buyout coming in 2012.
Looking at the timeline, the process has gone well with a decision expected in the 2nd quarter of 2012.
Timeline of Events
Nov 16, 2011 - It was reported that two people familiar with the situation stated Shandong Gold Group Co., owner of China's second-largest gold producer, offered to buy JAG for $785 million.
Nov 16, 2011 - JAG confirmed that, in light of the publicized unsolicited offer, the Board of Directors has determined to initiate a strategic process to explore alternatives to maximize shareholder value. At this time, none of these proposals has progressed beyond the exploratory stage. The Board has retained financial and legal advisors to assist in this regard. There is no assurance that the process will culminate in a change of control transaction.
Dec 06, 2011 - JAG states CEO Daniel Titcomb will be leaving his role as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective Dec 06, 2011. On an interim basis, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Gary E. German, together with two other JAG directors, Gil Clausen and John Andrews, will form a newly-created Office of the Chairman to fulfill the duties of the Chief Executive Officer. These directors also constitute a Special Committee of the Board charged with oversight of the Company's strategic process announced in November.
Dec 07, 2011 - John Bridges, JP Morgan analyst, states "We know the two directors, Messrs, Clausen and Andrews, who have been co-opted into this process and feel that they have the experience and the knowledge to make the right decisions for stakeholders in the company."
Dec 15, 2011 - JAG retains JP Morgan Securities LLC as its financial advisor and Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP as legal counsel to assist the Board and the Special Committee. Over the past several weeks, through JP Morgan, the Company has solicited interest regarding a potential change of control or merger transaction with the Company.
Jan 11, 2012 - JAG provides an update concerning the direction of the Special Committee. JP Morgan Securities LLC has held various discussions with potentially interested parties to solicit their interest regarding a potential change of control or merger transaction with the Company. As a result of such discussions, several parties have been identified and have executed confidentiality agreements. These parties have access to due diligence materials and are continuing to conduct their evaluations of the Company.
Jan 31, 2012 - In early January, JAG received the installation license which authorizes the construction of the processing plant for the Gurupi open pit mine project in the Northern Brazilian state of Maranhão. Approximately 80 percent of the assays from phase one have been received with the remaining 20 percent expected to be completed in February 2012. The results to date confirm the potential to significantly increase gold indicated mineral resources at the project's Cipoeiro and Chega Tudo deposits, currently estimated at 69,887,500 tonnes at 1.12 grams per tonne totaling 2.5 million ounces.
Feb 16, 2012 - JAG updates Gurupi drill results including 53 meters of 4.22 g/t gold. While the company has focused recent drilling and exploration on the Chega Tudo and Cipoeiro ore bodies, the 100 percent JAG owned extensive Gurupi concession includes 12 additional, identified targets within the region (map below). These additional targets have not been included in any of the Company's resource estimates or feasibility studies related to the Gurupi project. They have been identified by favorable geology, structures, old artisan mine works, soil and channel sampling anomalies and exploration drilling as high potential. They include additional areas they will target to further increase indicated resources.
Mar 21, 2012 - JAG reported an adjusted net loss of $8.8 million or $0.10 per fully diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2011. Jaguar's fourth quarter result was a net loss of $33.7 million or $0.40 per fully diluted share.
A full re-evaluation of the Gurupi resource at the Cipoeiro and Chega Tudo ore bodies is expected to be completed in April 2012.
The strategic review process initiated by the Board of Directors and led by the Special Committee is active and continuing. Diligence investigations are ongoing and the Special Committee expects to complete the Strategic Review Process in the second quarter. "The Special Committee continues to advance the process and work with its advisors, interested parties and their representatives to maximize value for JAG shareholders. The Special Committee believes that important progress has been achieved in advancing this process," Mr. German said.
JAG continues to be unable to control costs and management understands the company must be sold. JAG verified that an unsolicited offer took place. Then the long time CEO departs after many years of being unable to make Jaguar into a mid-tier gold producer. On December 7, 2011, JP Morgan analyst praises new management stating, "They feel that they have the experience and the knowledge to make the right decisions for stakeholders in the company." Eight days later, JAG hires JP Morgan Securities LLC to be their financial advisor for the potential sale. In January, management states there are several parties that have been identified and have executed confidentiality agreements and inspecting the company. By the end of January, they announce they have obtained the installation license which authorizes the construction of the processing plant for the Gurupi open pit mine.
The 2011 results disappoint and management identifies more potential resources at the Gurupi mine with a re-evaluation of resources due out in April and a completion of the Strategic Review to follow within the quarter.
Management knows that they must accept an offer. The long time CEO was replaced suddenly when an offer was on the table. The strategic review process seems to be developing as management has planned. This is a very attractive short term investment which should return +80% in the coming months.
Disclosure: I am long JAG.


text:
disappointed, real world google tv review
first of all … thx to google & logitech for a free sample of google tv … nice x-mass gift🙂
now … a real world review of google tv … from a user that mostly loves "all google" products and has been using apple tv for few months.
gigaOm has a good article: 5 Ways to Save Google TV
Amen, but here are my other suggestions:
– not intuitive enough. switching between tv n web/search/apps has to be more intuitive (tab key), auto learn what I like & suggest it automatically (eg. import my iTunes fav podcasts)
– simpler remote control (keyboard is so web tv). i get the keyboard's "need" for this product, but … remote should come with this as well
– should search for my media: videos, music n pix on my network automatically (seamless integration with iTunes and compters that have media) … the fact that it does not … made me put it right back in the box, after 1 day of using it …
– search auto suggestion – related to video/media type of searches (connecting with YouTube auto suggest)
– remove "search web, tv" options – extra click? why?
Overall: isn't google suppose to be king of search? – it doesn't show on this device. It seems google is playing (poorly), catchup with apple. Worst, it feels like google bought web tv (yes, that old microshaft product) and … google branded it. A
s a user it's a confusing device: doesn't let me watch my networked media out of the box, does web browsing, but poorly and it doesn't do the search for media part well either … and i'm not even taking about aesthetics: too many cables and 3 times the price of apple tv.
For now, I'm missing computer for browsing & apple tv for media watching.
To compete: google would have to do all apple does and then be able to find all media content out there, automatically as well (that means bittorent and other video content too … via "rogue", jailbrake apps).
ohh … the good? i do like the integration and easy setup with existing cable/sat box and plug-ins (although too few & limited)


text:
chipper 1
Cheerful and lively: Eugene was feeling chipper
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- It's a shame that the lively antics and chipper music of the Max & Ruby series, combined with a minimum level of interactivity, weren't applied to this extra.
- Normally, he was chipper and happy all the time.
- And that means you're not going to find that happy, chipper person you might have found in the '80s.
Mid 19th century: perhaps from northern English dialect kipper 'lively'.
Palabras que riman con chipperAgrippa, clipper, dipper, equipper, flipper, gripper, hipper, kipper, nipper, Pippa, ripper, shipper, sipper, skipper, slipper, stripper, tipper, tripper, whipper, zipper
For editors and proofreaders
Saltos de línea: chip|per
Definición de chipper en:
chipper 2
1A person or thing that turns something into chips.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- The easiest way to get rid of them is to chip them out with a weed chipper.
- The rest of Jack's varied gear, from skidders and haul trucks to a fully stocked service truck, serves to keep logs going into the chipper at one end and chips coming out the other.
- The other challenge is making sure the chipper has a constant flow of chip vans to fill.
1.1A machine for chipping timber.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- The company's internal combustion engines can be found powering lift trucks, industrial wood chippers and stationary irrigation pumps among other things.
- 'It's much faster and easier than using chain saws and chippers or large horizontal or tub grinders,' he says.
- Similarly, their use of balers, magnets, wood chippers, and other equipment typically used in the recycling industry makes perfect sense too.
2Irish informal A fish-and-chip shop.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- 'It isn't as if I am suddenly opening the floodgates and letting the country be saturated in café bars,' he said, adding that the new licences would not be given to takeaway restaurants and chippers.
- He can't drink and he can't eat anything containing calcium, salt, potassium or phosphate, which rules out living in the chippers.
- It was a clean-up for bars, especially, and also for hotels, guesthouses, restaurants and chippers.
For editors and proofreaders
Saltos de línea: chip|per
Definición de chipper en:
¿Qué te llama la atención de esta palabra o frase?
Los comentarios que no respeten nuestras Normas comunitarias podrían ser moderados o eliminados.
Muy popular en Reino Unido
Muy popular en Australia
= de moda


text:
Another livable wage ordinance meeting planned
Committee held hearing last week
The Burlington City Council's Ordinance Committee is set to meet again Aug. 13 to review a requirement that entities doing business with the city pay a "livable wage" several dollars per hour higher than the state minimum.
The ordinance has been under review since the Skinny Pancake - a restaurant that leases city owned space at the Burlington International Airport - got an exemption from it.
It requires city contractors to pay $13.94 an hour to employees who receive health insurance through their work, and $15.83 to those who don't. Vermont's minimum wage is $8.60 an hour.
The Burlington Free Press reports that some workers' rights advocates want to expand the ordinance to cover more people, including employees of the Burlington School District.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Progress Lighting P5224-31WB Black Deck Light Series 12v Low-Voltage 13W Single-Light Rectangular Cast Aluminum Deck Light with Powdercoat Finish
Offer Ends
Technical Specs
|Installation Sheet
|Specification Sheet
|Bulb Base
|Bulb Included
|Bulb Shape
|Bulb Type
|Deck Lights
|Dark Sky
|Energy Star
|Hardscape Light Type
|Step Lights
|Light Direction
|Down Lighting
|Location Rating
|Wet Location
|Motion Sensor
|Number of Bulbs
|Product Weight
|UL Listed
|UL Rating
|Wet Location
|Watts Per Bulb
Need to add discreet light to pathways, steps, or porches? Progress Lighting has the fixtures you need! This rugged one light landscape light is made of durable cast aluminum and features a chip-resistant powder coated finish and a sealed clear lens. This is one tough light that will stand up to the elements.
- Cast aluminum construction
- Powder coat Black (-31) finish
- Mounts directly to vertical posts - width is less than a standard 4x4
- Uses (1) 13W T5 wedge base bulb (included)
- Furnished with 72" of wire
- Sealed lens in the bottom of the unit
- Mounts under railings - width less than the 4" nominal dimension of a 2x4
- Designed to take feed through or termination of #12 and #16 cable for continuous runs or end of run
- Low Voltage
- Wedge based socket
- Must be wired to an approved 12 volt transformer
- UL-CUL wet location listed
- Dimensions: 3"W x 1-1/2"H x 1-7/8"D
- Low Voltage
Additional Progress Lighting Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Progress Lighting Products
- Shop All Progress Lighting Deck Lighting Collection Products
Our SKU: P5224WB
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Black
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
3 Questions from the Community
The Progress Lighting P5224WB is exclusively sold in black.
Are there any other finishes?
A. The Progress Lighting P5224WB is exclusively sold in black.
This item is UL wet listed and it must be wired to a 12 volt transformer.
Is this OK for wet locations? Does it include everything an electrician would need to install?
A. This item is UL wet listed and it must be wired to a 12 volt transformer.
Yes, this item is UL wet listed. This item must be wired to a 12v transformer. http://www.lightingdirect.com/mediabase/specifications/Progress-Lighting-P5224.pdf
Can this be used outdoors if it rains? does this include everything an electrician would need to install?
A. Yes, this item is UL wet listed. This item must be wired to a 12v transformer. http://www.lightingdirect.com/mediabase/specifications/Progress-Lighting-P5224.pdf
Progress Lighting
Progress Lighting Deck Lighting Collection
Other Products In The Progress Lighting Deck Lighting Collection
Warranty Info
Progress Lighting
1 Year Product Warranty
When properly installed and under normal conditions of use, Progress Lighting, Inc. ("Seller") warrants its manufactured products, including their metal finishes ("Product(s)") will conform to its catalogue specifications and be free from defects in materials or workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of sale to end user, as specified in Seller's shipment documents for each Product (extended warranties may apply to Seller's fan motors and Energy Star® Products as indicated in Seller's Product manuals). Warping of wooden or plastic blades is not covered by this warranty. This warranty excludes fluorescent ballasts and high intensity discharge (HID) components, and Buyer agrees to make all claims regarding defects or deficiencies therefore according to the warranty of the manufacturer thereof as its sole source of recourse or compensation. Seller's obligations under this warranty and Buyer's sole remedy for its breach to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be limited to the value of the cost of repair or replacement of the Product, pursuant to a written warranty claim validated in writing by Seller. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSSES OR ACTUAL DAMAGES TO ANY CLAIMANT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, MULTIPLE, OR OTHER SUCH INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF REVENUES OR PROFITS), WHETHER ARISING OUT OF OR AS A RESULT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, WARRANTY (EXCEPT THOSE SET FORTH HERIN), TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT OR OTHERWISE. In no case does this warranty extend to anybody other than Seller's customers, and no one is authorized to extend warranties or remedies on Seller's behalf. To be valid, the warranty claim must be made: (a) in writing according to Seller's procedures existing at the time of the claim, (b) within thirty (30) days of discovery of the defect, (c) within the applicable warranty period, and (d) include the dated store receipt or invoice evidencing purchase of the Product. Warranty claims should be sent to: Progress Lighting, Inc., P.O. Box 6701, Greenville, SC 29606. Products may be returned only after a Return Authorization Number has been issued by Seller's customer service department. Any unauthorized return, repair, replacement, modification or misuse of the Products by Buyer shall void the warranty. THIS WARRANTY IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES. SELLER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


text:
Jozsef Solymosi
Office: MATH 116
MATH 309 Section 201
Term II, 2011-12
Topics in Geometry
Prerequisite: One of MATH 152, MATH 221, MATH 223 and one of MATH 220, MATH 226, CPSC 121. Specifically, it will be assumed that students are familiar with basic techniques of mathematical proof and reasoning such as induction and proof by contradiction. Students will be expected to write logically correct and mathematically coherent proofs as part of homework and examinations.
The course syllabus will be as follows:
Evaluation: There will be two midterm exams and one final exam, as well as weekly homework assignments. Homework will be assigned on Thursdays, and due the following Thursday in class. Late homework will not be accepted.
The course mark will be computed as follows:
Final Exam: 50 percent
Midterm Exams: 20 percent x 2 = 40 percent
Homework: 10 percent
You are required to be present at all examinations. No makeup tests will be given. Non-attendance at an exam will result in a mark of zero being recorded.
What to study?
The book "Proofs from the BOOK" contains most of the material we've learned related to Euler's formula.
You can read this book online via the UBC library. Read Chapter 12, "Three applications of Euler's formula" up to Sylvester's problem.
Here is the first practice midterm with solutions:
Question 1. Prove that every planar graph is five colourable.
(If you can't remember the proof then you will find it in many elementary graph theory book or on the web. e.g.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_color_theorem, but try to prove it first)
Solution: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_color_theorem
Question 2. Illustrate the convex hull of the following point sets in the plane. Which are the vertices of the convex hull? Write the other points as a convex combination of some of the vertices.
{(0,1), (-2,-1), (4,-1), (1,1), (1,0)}.
I can't attach a picture now. Check the practice questions similar to this one.
(1,0) is a convex combination of the points (-2,-1), (4,-1), (1,1). (You can choose another triple if you want)
We are looking for nonnegative a1,a2, and a3 such that a1+a2+a3=1 and a1(-2,-1)+a2(4,-1)+a3(1,1)=(1,0) .
So we have three linear equations, one for convexity (the sum=1) and two for the above equation for each coordinates.
You solve
to get
a1=1/4, a2=1/4, and a3=1/2 .
Question 3. Given a planar graph on 17 vertices. Suppose that there is a drawing of this graph with 17 faces (countries). Show that the graph has a vertex with degree 3 or less.
Solution: By Euler's formula we know that the number of edges is 32. The sum of the degrees is 32*2=64, so the average degree is 64/17=3.76470588 < 4. The average is smaller than 4, therefore there should be at least one vertex with degree less then 4.
Question 4. Prove that the Grötzsch Graph is not planar.
Picture : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groetzsch-graph.svg
Solution: The graph has 11 vertices and 20 edges. We know that any simple triangle-free planar graph on v ≥ 3 vertices has at most 2v − 4 edges. This graph has no triangles and has 20> 2*11-4=18 edges, therefore it can't be planar.
Question 5. Given a planar graph G such that all but four vertices have degree four or less. Prove that G is four-colourable.
Solution: We prove the statement by induction. Every graph on four vertices is four-colourable. Now let us suppose that the statement holds for graphs on n vertices for some n>4. We show that then it holds for graphs on n+1 vertices as well. Draw the n+1-- vertex graph G on the plane and choose a vertex v with degree four or less. Colour the graph without v using four colours. If the neighbours of v were coloured by less than four colours then we can colour v by the fourth colour. If we used four colours then we will modify the colouring so that eventually we will use three colours for the neighbours of v. The colours of the neighbours are black (v1), white (v2), red (v3), and blue (v4) in clockwise order. Let us consider the subgraph of G spanned by the black and red vertices.
There are two cases:
a, The two vertices v1 and v3 are not connected in the graph spanned by the black and red vertices. In this case we can simply swap the colouring of the black and red vertices in the connected component of v1 in the spanned subgraph. After that colour v by black to colour G by using four colours.
b, The two vertices v1 and v3 are connected in the graph spanned by the black and red vertices. In this case the two vertices v2 and v4 can't be connected in the graph spanned by the white and blue vertices. Swap the colouring of the white and blue vertices in the connected component of v2 in the spanned subgraph. After that colour v by red.
The notes below contain most of the material we've learned related to transformations, symmetries, and lattices.
There is also a collection of practice problems:
Here are some practice questions for convexity.
Here are the solutions.
Here are the solutions of the second midterm.
The notes below contain most of the material we've learned related to the crossing number and applications including Szemerdi-Trotter.
The crossing number inequality « What's new
From: terrytao.wordpress.com/2007/09/18/the-crossing-number-inequality/
Here are the practice questions for the crossing number.
Here are two more practice questions for the crossing number.
Homework assignments
Question 2. What is the minimum number of edges one should erase from K6 (the complete graph on 6 vertices) to make the remaining graph planar?
(a) show that one should remove at least 3 edges.
Solution one:
Suppose that there is a planar drawing of G which is K6 minus 2 edges. The number of countries (faces) is denoted by f, the number of edges is 13, and the number of vertices is 6. By Euler's formula we know that 6-13+f=2, so f=9. However, every country has at least three borders. The number of borders is exactly twice the number of edges (Both sides of an edge define a border). On one hand every country has at least three borders, therefore 3f should be at most as large (smaller or equal) as twice the number of edges. On the other hand 3*9=27 is larger than 2*13=26. This is a contradiction, so G can not be planar.
Solution two:
We saw in class that if G is a planar graph on n > 2 vertices then the number of edges is at most 3n-6. In our case that means that the number of edges is at most 3*6-6=12 as needed.
Question 3. What is the minimum number of edges one should erase from K3;4 (the complete bipartite graph on 3+4 vertices) to make the remaining graph planar?
(a) show that one should remove at least 2 edges.
Let us suppose that one can remove one edge of K3;4 and there is a planar drawing of this graph. By Euler's formula 7-11+f=2, so f=6. Since K3;4 was a bipartite graph, every country has at least four borders. By the same argument we had in Solution one of the previous question, we know that 4*f =24 should be smaller or equal than 2*11=22. This is a contradiction, so we know that K3;4 minus an edge can't be planar.
2. Exercises:
a. (2 points) Prove the following statement: If a tree has a vertex with degree k, then the tree has at least k vertices having degree one.
Solution one:
Note that every tree (with at least two vertices) has at least two vertices with degree one.
Proof: Consider the longest path in the tree. The two end-vertices of the path have degree one otherwise we could extend the path to a longer one.
Now let us suppose that vertex v has degree k. If we remove v from the graph then we have k trees left. If a tree has one vertex only then it had degree one in the original tree. If the tree has at least two vertices then it has at least two degree one vertices and at most one of them was connected to v. The second one had degree one in the original graph.
Solution two:
One can argue that we can start k walks from v using the k edges connected to v. Continue each walks as long as we can without going back along an edge we used already. All k walks will end when we cant go any further without turning back. The endpoints of these walks should have degree one, as we could continue the walk otherwise.
Question 1. The Heawood graph is the graph of the skeleton of the Szilassi polyhedron. (You can find it's picture at
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeawoodGraph.html for example)
Prove that it is not planar.
Proof by contradiction: Let us suppose that it is planar and has a good embedding (drawing) into the plane. The smallest cycle has 6 vertices, therefore if the number of faces is denoted by f then the number of borders=2*edges is at least 6f. By Euler's formula we know that f=21-14+2=9. But 2*edges=42 which is less than 6f = 54, it is a contradiction.
Question 2. Prove the Four Colour Theorem for planar graphs with no triangles. Show that if a planar graph is triangle-free then it can be coloured by four colours.
(Hint: maybe such graphs always have a vertex with small degree)
Proof by induction: One can show that a triangle-free planar graph always has a vertex with degree 3 or less (We will prove it later). Then the proof that it is four-colourable goes by induction. Base case: any graph on 4 (or less) vertices is 4-colourable. Suppose that every triangle-free planar graph on n vertices is 4-colourable. Take any triangle-free planar graph on n+1 vertices. If it has a vertex with degree three or less then remove it, the remaining graph can be 4 coloured by the induction hypothesis. The removed vertex had 3 or less neighbours only so we can colour it using the fourth colour.
All we have to prove is that there is always a vertex having degree 3 or less. We can suppose that the graph is connected and has at least 4 vertices. (If it is not connected than take any connected component of the graph.) Every face has at least 4 borders. Therefore the number of edges is at least 2f. v-e+f=2 implies v-e+e/2 is at least 2. So, on one hand e<=2v-4. On the other hand the sum of the degrees is 2e. If every vertex had degree 4 or larger then 2e would be at least 4v which is not possible since e<=2v-4.
Question 3. Suppose that a planar graph has two connected components (You draw two connected planar graphs next to each other and this will be your new graph). What is the right variant of Euler's formula in this case? Prove your formula!
Proof: The formula is v-e+f=3. For the connected components G1 and G2 the formula v1-e1+f1=2 and v2-e2+f2=2 hold and v=v1+v2, e=e1+e2. So, v-e=4-f1-f2+4 . The components have one country (face) which separates them. It was counted in the formula twice, i.e. f=f1+f2-1.
Question 4. Prove that if a planar graph on n vertices has 2n-5 faces, then it has at least 3 vertices with degree at most 5.
Proof: Using Euler's formula we see that this graph has 3n-7 edges. If all but two vertices had degree 6 or larger then the sum of degrees would be at least 6(n-2) which is more than twice the number of edges 2(3n-7). But the two should be equal, so we see that the graph had at least 3 vertices with degree 5 or less.
Homework #5
Here are the questions of HW#6.
And here are the solutions.


text:
Press Information, 16 December 2013
Preview of Children's Program and Guided Tours from January to March 2014
Curator Tours "In an Instant. Photographs by Fred Stein"
30 January
Curator Tour
"Dresden exiled me – so I became a photographer"
Learn more about the life and work of the photographer Fred Stein and the exhibition concept.
Time: 6 pm
Admission: with the museum ticket
13 March
Curator Tour
The Making of "In an Instant. Photographs by Fred Stein"
The tour provides insights and background information to the origins of and preparations for the exhibition.
Time: 6 pm
Admission: with the museum ticket
Public Tours for Adults
11 am: Jewish Life and Traditions
3 pm: Through the Museum in Seven League Boots
11 am: Jewish Life and Traditions
2 pm: "A Time for Everything. Rituals Against Forgetting" (until 9 February)
3 pm: "Tonalities. Jewish Women Ceramicists from Germany after 1933" (only in January)
3 pm: Favorites from the Collection (only in February)
3 pm: Judaism – Christianity – Islam: A Cultural Historical Comparison (only in March)
Duration: approx. 1 hour
Cost: 3 euros plus admission fee
Further information and visitor bookings on tel. +49 (0)30 259 93 305 or groups[at]jmberlin.de
All tours are in German unless stated otherwise.
Children's Program
5 January / 2 February / 2 March
Children's Tour through the Permanent Exhibition
Halakah and Braided Bread – What goes into the Shabbat Basket?
How did a Jewish merchant live 300 years ago? What did she pack in her suitcase when she went traveling? A prayer book, clothes, or even a mobile phone? On this stroll through the exhibition, our young visitors take a playful look at Jewish traditions and how they have changed in the course of the centuries. They have fun experiencing how it feels to wear a kippah, admire a real scroll, and sniff a besamim box full of spices.
Ages: 6 to 12
Start: 11 am
Duration: approx. 1 hour
Cost: 3 euros (plus admission fee)
19 January /16 February /16 March
Children's Tour and Handicraft Workshop
The Crazy Crooked House
Why are the walls in the Jewish Museum Berlin at a slant? Why does the staircase lead to nowhere? Why are the windows slits? Armed with a ruler and triangle, the children explore Daniel Libeskind's architecture and the influences light, stairs, and corners have on a building.
Afterwards, they have the chance to roll up their sleeves and build their very own crazy fantasy house from cardboard, modeling clay and much more!
Ages: 8 to 10
Time: 11 am
Duration: approx. 2 hours
Cost: 3 euros (plus admission fee)
4 and 6 February
Children's Tour and Handicraft Workshop
A cup is a vessel for a drink – cocoa, tea, or coffee. But do all cups, teapots, and vases look the same? In the exhibition "Tonalities," the children can see which different forms four Jewish women ceramicists chose for cups, vases, and figures.
In the workshop that follows, they themselves are the crockery designers – with material, paper and a host of other materials, they design their very own vases, cups, and jugs.
Ages: 6 to 10
Time: 10 am
Duration: approx. 2 hours
Cost: 3 euros (plus admission fee)
Information and visitor booking: tel. +49 (0)30 25 993 305 / 437 or kinder[at]jmberlin.de
New Admission Fees
Please note the new admission fees as of 1 January 2014:
Permanent and Special Exhibitions
Regular admission: 8 euros
Discounted admission (valid ID required): 3 euros
Discounted admission applies for: students, university students, volunteers (Federal Volunteer Service), recipients of unemployment benefit I ("ALG I"), severely disabled people (minimum of 50 percent)
Family ticket: 14 euros
Up to 2 adults with up to 4 children under 18
Free admission (valid ID required):
• Children under 6
• Members of the Friends and Patrons of the Jewish Museum Berlin
• Recipients of unemployment benefit II ("ALG II")
• Recipients of basic security benefits or benefits in accordance with the German Social Welfare Law for Asylum Seekers
• Person accompanying a disabled person if specified in severe disability ID
• Members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and members of the German Museums Association (DMB)
• Members of the press
Touristic offers
Museum Pass Berlin: 24 euros / red. 12 euros
Admission to approx. 50 museums in Berlin
on three consecutive days
Admission with valid Berlin Welcome Card: 6 euros / red. 2.25 euros
Admission with valid City-Tour-Card: 6.40 euros / red. 3 euros
Audio guide*
Audio guide for adults: 3 euros
Available in German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Hebrew, Japanese, Russian
* Subject to availability.
A valid ID is required as a deposit.
Public guided tours
For adults: 3 euros + admission
For children: 3 euros + admission
Special offers
Jewish Museum Berlin & Berlinische Galerie
Reduced admission with a ticket for the Berlinische Galerie on the day of purchase and the two following days.
Pre-booked guided tours for groups
The fees apply for guided tours with a duration up to 90 minutes. Maximum of 15 persons per group, larger groups must be split up. One teacher per 10 students or one tourist guide per group is granted free admission.
Pre-booking is required.
Regular fee: 60 euros + admission
For groups with university students, apprentices/trainees: 30 euros + admission (see overleaf)
For groups with students: 30 euro (admission included)
For groups with recipients of benefits qualifying for free admission: 30 euros (admission included)
Cancellation fee for group bookings
A cancellation fee incurs if the booking is not cancelled
at least two working days before the scheduled visit.
Regular group: 47 euros
Group of students, apprentices/trainees, recipients of benefits listed overleaf: 30 euros
Workshops / combined guided tours / project days for groups
For detailed information, please visit the website www.jmberlin.de/ksl or contact our boooking office:
phone +49 (0)30 25 993 305
Maximum of 15 persons + one accompanying person per group.
Katharina Schmidt-Narischkin
Head of Press and Public Relations
Telefon: +49(0)30 259 93 419
Fax: +49(0)30 259 93 400
Jewish Museum Berlin Foundation
Lindenstr. 9-14, 10969 Berlin
Groups without guided tours or guided tours with external guides
Participants: The admission fees to the exhibitions apply.
Tourist guides, external tour guides, bus drivers: one free admission per group
Teachers: free admission for one teacher per 10 students
Maximum of 20 persons per group.
Further information about the education program can be found on our website: www.jmberlin.de/ksl
Press photos of the tours and the children's program in January, February, and March can be downloaded from our website: www.jmberlin.de/fotodownload