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Rolf Nevanlinna
|Rolf Nevanlinna
Rolf Nevanlinna with his friend Erik W. Tawaststjerna at the piano (1962).
22 October 1895
|28 May 1980
(aged 84)
|University of Helsinki
|Alma mater
|University of Helsinki
|Doctoral advisor
|Ernst Leonard Lindelöf
|Doctoral students
|Lars Ahlfors
Kari Karhunen
Gustav Elfving
Olli Lehto
Ilppo Simo Louhivaara
Leo Sario
Inkeri Simola
|Known for
|Nevanlinna theory
Rolf Herman Nevanlinna (22 October 1895 – 28 May 1980) was one of the most famous Finnish mathematicians. He was particularly appreciated for his work in complex analysis.
Nevanlinna as mathematician[edit]
Rolf Nevanlinna studied at the University of Helsinki. He graduated in 1917. He obtained his doctorate in 1919 with the thesis Über beschränkte Funktionen die in gegebenen Punkten vorgeschriebene Werte annehmen; his thesis advisor was Ernst Lindelöf. In 1922 he was appointed a docent in the University of Helsinki, and in 1926 he was given a newly created full professorship in Helsinki. From 1947 Nevanlinna had a chair in the University of Zurich, which he held on a half-time basis after receiving in 1948 a permanent position as one of the 12 salaried Academicians in the newly created Academy of Finland.
Rolf Nevanlinna's most important mathematical achievement is the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions. The roots of the theory go back to the result of Émile Picard in 1879, showing that a non-constant complex-valued function which is analytic in the entire complex plane assumes all complex values save at most one. In the early 1920s Rolf Nevanlinna, partly in collaboration with his brother Frithiof, extended the theory to cover meromorphic functions, i.e. functions analytic in the plane except for isolated points in which the Laurent series of the function has a finite number of terms with a negative power of the variable. Nevanlinna's value distribution theory or Nevanlinna theory is crystallized in its two Main Theorems. Qualitatively, the first one states that if a value is assumed less frequently than average, then the function comes close to that value more often than average. The Second Main Theorem, more difficult than the first one, states roughly that there are relatively few values which the function assumes less often than average.
Rolf Nevanlinna's article Zur Theorie der meromorphen Funktionen which contains the Main Theorems was published in 1925 in the journal Acta Mathematica. Hermann Weyl has called it "one of the few great mathematical events of the [twentieth] century."[1] Nevanlinna gave a fuller account of the theory in the monographs Le théoreme de Picard – Borel et la théorie des fonctions méromorphes (1929) and Eindeutige analytische Funktionen (1936).[2]
Nevanlinna theory touches also on a class of functions called the Nevanlinna class, or functions of "bounded type".
When the Winter War broke out (1939), Nevanlinna was invited to join the Finnish Army's Ballistics Office to assist in improving artillery firing tables. These tables had been based on a calculation technique developed by General Vilho Petter Nenonen, but Nevanlinna now came up with a new method which made them considerably faster to compile. In recognition of his work he was awarded the Order of the Cross of Liberty, Second Class, and throughout his life he held this honour in especial esteem.
Among Rolf Nevanlinna's later interests in mathematics were the theory of Riemann surfaces (the monograph Uniformisierung in 1953) and functional analysis (Absolute analysis in 1959, written in collaboration with his brother Frithiof). Nevanlinna also published in Finnish a book on the foundations of geometry and a semipopular account of the Theory of Relativity. His Finnish textbook on the elements of complex analysis, Funktioteoria (1963), written together with Veikko Paatero, has appeared in German, English and Russian translations.
Rolf Nevanlinna supervised at least 28 doctoral theses. His first and most famous doctoral student was Lars Ahlfors, one of the first two Fields Medal recipients. The research for which Ahlfors was awarded the prize (proving the Denjoy Conjecture, now known as the Denjoy–Carleman–Ahlfors theorem) was strongly based on Nevanlinna's work.
Nevanlinna's work was recognized in the form of honorary degrees which he held from the universities of Heidelberg, the University of Bucharest, the University of Giessen, the Free University of Berlin, the University of Glasgow, the University of Uppsala, the University of Istanbul and the University of Jyväskylä. He was an honorary member of several learned societies, among them the London Mathematical Society and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. — The 1679 Nevanlinna main belt asteroid is named after him.
Administrator and organizer[edit]
Although basically a person devoted to his science, Rolf Nevanlinna did not avoid administrative duties. Politically, he was in the 1930s a supporter of National Socialist Germany; with a remarkable number of mathematics professors removed through the racial laws of the Nazi period, people sympathetic to the Nazi policies were sought all over Europe as replacements, and Nevanlinna accepted a professor's position in Göttingen in 1936 and 1937. In Finland, he served in the thirties as Faculty Dean and from 1941 to 1945 as Rector of the University of Helsinki. His support of Nazi Germany[3] led to his being removed from the Rector's post in the new political situation created by the events of 1944, when Finland made peace with the Soviet Union. Most importantly, his political commitments during the Nazi period included presiding over the commission of voluntary Finnish SS-officers.[4] Remarkably, his autobiography includes that this was done out of a "sense of duty."
Rolf Nevanlinna served as President of the International Mathematical Union, IMU, from 1959 to 1963 and as President of the International Congress of Mathematicians, ICM, in 1962.[5]
In 1964, Nevanlinna's connections with President Urho Kekkonen were instrumental in bringing about a total reorganization of the Academy of Finland.[6]
From 1954, Rolf Nevanlinna chaired the committee which set about the first computer project in Finland. When the International Mathematical Union in 1981 decided to create a prize, similar to the Fields Medal, in theoretical computer science and the funding for the prize was secured from Finland, the Union decided to give Nevanlinna's name to the prize.[5] The Rolf Nevanlinna Prize is awarded every four years in the ICM.
Nevanlinna and politics[edit]
Rolf Nevanlinna did not participate actively in politics, but in the thirties he was known to sympathise with the right-wing Patriotic People's Movement party and, partly because of his half German ancestry, was leaning towards Germany. In the spring of 1941, Finland contributed a battalion of volunteers to the Waffen SS, which then fought on the Eastern Front. At the time, the battalion was considered to form a certain bond with Germany, as Germany and Finland both fought against the Soviet Union, without a formal alliance. In 1942, an official SS Volunteer Committee was established in Finland to take care of the battalion's somewhat strained relations with its German superiors. Rolf Nevanlinna was chosen to be the chairman of the committee, as a person respected in Germany but loyal to Finland. The battalion was finally brought back to Finland and disbanded in 1943.[6]
Nevanlinna's Nazi sympathies during the war did not affect his mathematical contacts. His election to the presidency of the IMU was almost unanimous. In 1950 the Soviet mathematical community was isolated from their Western colleagues. The International Colloquium on Function Theory in Helsinki in 1957, directed by Nevanlinna, was the first post-war occasion when the Soviet mathematicians could contact their Western colleagues in person. In 1965, Rolf Nevanlinna was an honorary guest in a function theory congress in Armenia.[6]
See also[edit]
- Nevanlinna theory
- Nevanlinna class (functions of bounded type)
- Nevanlinna function
- Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation
- Nevanlinna's criterion
- Nevanlinna Prize
- ^ H. Weyl (1943). Meromorphic functions and analytic curves. Princeton University Press. p. 8.
- ^ Hille, Einar (1939). "Review: Eindeutige analytische Funktionen, by R. Nevanlinna". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 45 (1): 52–55. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1939-06916-4.
- ^ Paju, Petri (2005), "A Failure Revisited: The First Finnish Computer Construction Project", IFIP WG9.7 First Working Conference on the History of Nordic Computing (HiNC1), June 16–18, 2003, Trondheim, Norway, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 174, Springer, pp. 79–94, doi:10.1007/0-387-24168-X_7. Footnote 20, p. 86: "Nevanlinna had also been a visiting mathematics professor in Göttingen in 1936–1937. At that time, Nevanlinna was a known Nazi-sympathiser. On this topic, see O. Lehto, Korkeat maailmat, on p. 139."
- ^ Bourne, Kenneth; Watt, D. Cameron; Preston, Paul; Prazmowska, Anita (1997), British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print : Kenneth. Bourne. From 1940 through 1945. Series A: The Soviet Union and Finland, Part 3, University Publications of America, p. 71, ISBN 9781556556708,
such notorious figures as ... Professor Rolf Nevanlinna (rector of Helsinki State University and one of the organisers of the first S.S. volunteers).
- ^ a b Lehto, Olli: Mathematics Without Borders. A History of the International Mathematical Union. Springer 1998
- ^ a b c Lehto, Olli (2001). Korkeat maailmat. Rolf Nevanlinnan elämä [High Worlds. The life of Rolf Nevanlinna] (in Finnish). Otava. 317 pages. OCLC 58345155.
- Lehto, Olli (2008). Erhabene Welten: Das Leben Rolf Nevanlinnas [High Worlds. The life of Rolf Nevanlinna] (in German). Translated by Manfred Stern. Birkhäuser. 299 pages. ISBN 978-3-7643-7701-4.


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As a major shopping hub of Asia, Singapore certainly has its fair share of expensive activities; but did you know that it is also rich in cultural activities that do not cost a single Singaporean dollar?
Kick off your free affair in this modern city with a Singapore Botanical Gardens tour. Spanning more than 74 hectares (182 acres), this lovely attraction bares one of the finest orchard collections in the world with more than 2,000 hybrids and 1,000 species. After a visit to the orchardarium, make sure to visit the Tan Hoon Siang Misthouse, also with a wonderful collection of hybrid flora.
Another great free expedition in Singapore includes its National Library Board where there are a number of various talks that are free to the public. On top of scanning its most impressive collections, you can also check out exhibitions including its ongoing "Stories Behind Singapore Streets" exhibit, which highlights the meaning of the street names of Singapore. This exhibit is open until the end of June.
The City Gallery, located in Singapore's Chinatown, provides a fascinating look into the local urban planning process as well as lays-outs of the entire city for you to get familiar with. Enjoy full-on, 3-D scaled models of the town highlighting some of its most well-known structures. The gallery is easily accessible via bus, MRT or car.
Finally, a tour of Merlion Park is the perfect way to cap off your expense-free day. Overlooking the Singapore River, soak in the marina view during the sunset and enjoy easy access to One Fullerton and the Esplanade theatres just steps away.

subset: commoncrawl


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New England
- This article is about the region in the United States of America. For other uses, see New England (disambiguation).
The New England region of the United States is located in the northeastern corner of the country. Boston is its business and cultural center and its most populated city. The region includes the following states:
(Curiously, New York east of the Hudson River has occasionally been called part of New England, although this is exceedingly rare and would be considered incorrect by most people in the region. For example, the New England Interstate Highways of the 1920s included eastern New York.)
New England is perhaps the most well-defined region of the United States, with more uniformity and more shared heritage than other regions of the country. But, while there is cultural and historical uniformity throughout the whole region, Northern and Southern New England differ in the fact that the former is more rural whereas the latter is very urban. This difference has always existed, however, even when the region was young, and thus does not imply a growing or changing trend, but rather the result of historical population patterns.
Together, the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions are generally referred to as the Northeastern region of the United States.
Table of contents
New England has long been inhabited by Algonquian-speaking native peoples, including the Abenaki, the Penobscot, the Wampanoag, and many others. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans such as Giovanni Verrazano, Jacques Cartier and John Cabot (known as Giovanni Caboto before being based in England) charted the New England coast. They referred to the region as Norumbega, named for a fabulous native city that was supposed to exist there.
The name New England dates to the earliest days of European settlement: in 1616 Captain John Smith described the area in a pamphlet "New England." The name was officially sanctioned in 1620 by the grant of King James I to the Plymouth Council for New England. The region was subsequently divided through further grants, including the 1629 royal grant of "Hampshire" which was issued for "makeing a Plantation & establishing of a Colony or Colonyes in the Countrey called or knowen by ye name of New England in America."
Following the Pequot War in 1637, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut joined together in a loose compact called the New England Confederation. The confederation was designed largely to coordinate mutual defense against the Dutch in the New Netherland colony to the south and the French in New France to the north, as well as to enforce the return of runaway slaves. The confederation had a council comprising two delegates from each of the four colonies, but it had no formal enforcement powers and relied on the individual colonies to voluntarily follow council decisions. The confederation disintegrated in the 1650s when the powerful Massachusetts Bay Colony refused to follow decisions of the confederation council regarding the conflict with the Dutch. King Philip's War (1675-1676), the bloodiest Indian war of the early colonial period, had a devastating effect on the colonies of southern New England, but effectively ended the power and influence of the indians in the region.
In 1686, King James II, concerned about the increasingly independent ways of the colonies, in particular their open flouting of the Navigation Acts, decreed the Dominion of New England, an administrative union comprising all the New England colonies. Two years later, the provinces of New York and New Jersey, which had been acquired from the Dutch, were added. The union, imposed from the outside, was highly unpopular among the colonists. In 1687, when the Connecticut Colony refused to follow a decision of the dominion governor Edmund Andros, he sent an armed contigent to seize the colony's charter, which the colonists, according to popular legend, hid inside the Charter Oak tree. Andros' efforts to unify the colonial defenses met little success and the dominion ceased after only three years, after the removal of King James II in the Glorious Revolution in 1689.
The colonies were not formally united again until 1776, when they became part of the United States.
Aside from the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, or "New Scotland", New England is the only North American region to inherit the name of a kingdom in the British Isles. New England has largely preserved its regional character, especially in its historic sites. Its name is a reminder of the past, as many of the original English-Americans have migrated further west.
The early European settlers of New England were English Protestants fleeing religious persecution.
A derivative of meetings held by church elders, town meetings were an integral part of governance and remain so today in towns across New England. At such meetings, any citizen of the town may discuss issues of the day with other members of the community, and vote on them. This is the most direct democracy in the United States today, and the form of dialogue has been adopted under certain circumstances elsewhere.
In the colonial period and the early time of the republic, New England leaders like John Hancock, John Adams, and Samuel Adams joined those in Philadelphia and Virginia to direct the country. At the time of the Civil War, New England and the Midwest combined against slavery, eventually ending the practice in the United States. In the twentieth century, the region remained a source of political thought and intellectual ferment in the nation.
Today, the dominant party in New England is the Democratic Party, which holds control over a vast majority of the region. However, both New Hampshire and Maine have a significant Republican electorate, with both states represented in the U.S. Senate by two Republicans each. In the 2000 presidential election, Democratic candidate Al Gore carried all of the New England states except for New Hampshire, and in 2004, John Kerry, a native New Englander himself, carried all six New England states for the Democrats.
New England contains some of the oldest and most renowned institutions of higher learning, including Harvard University, Yale University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brown University, Dartmouth College, Amherst College, Williams College, Wesleyan University, Bowdoin College, Middlebury College, Wellesley College, Smith College, Tufts University, Boston College, Boston University, and Brandeis University. The number and renown of secondary and postsecondary schools in the region is unequaled by any other. The first college in America, Harvard, was founded at Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1636. A number of the graduates settle in the region after school, providing the area with a well-educated population and one of its most valuable resources.
As some of the original New England settlers migrated westward, immigrants from Canada, Ireland, Italy, and eastern Europe moved into the region. Massachusetts in particular has the highest concentration of persons of Irish heritage in the country. Today, although the region has attracted many Jewish and Asian-American residents, it has a far smaller proportion of African-Americans and Hispanic Americans than the rest of the country. Though Connecticut and Massachusetts have populations of those groups closer to the national average, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine are largely populated with people of European descent. The region has remained consistently openminded towards other backgrounds however, a tradition which has continued from the abolitionist days of William Lloyd Garrison and Charles Sumner to the region's recent controversial legal battle in legal relationships between homosexual couples.
The bulk of the region's population is concentrated in southern New England, which contains Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The most populous state is Massachusetts, whose population is centered mostly around its political and cultural capital, Boston; whereas Western Massachusetts is less densely populated and more spread out. The resulting effect is a minor cultural divide between urban New Englanders, typically Bostonians, and rural New Englanders, who hail from western Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
The coastline is more urban than western New England, which is typically rural, even in urban states like Massachusetts. These characteristics of the region's population are due mainly to historical factors; the original colonists settled mostly on the coastline of Massachusetts Bay. The only state without access to the Atlantic Ocean, Vermont, is also the least-populated. After nearly 400 years, the region still maintains, for the most part, its historical population layout.
Three of the four most densely populated states in the United States are in New England. In order, the four most densely populated states are: New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. As a result, southern New England is an integral part of the BosWash megalopolis.
The ten largest cities by population in New England are:
Greater Boston: approx. 5,800,000
- Boston, MA: 589,141
- Cambridge, MA: 101,355
- Lynn, MA: 88,025
- Quincy, MA: 88,025
- Newton, MA: 83,829
- Brookline, MA: 57,107
Providence, RI: 173,618
Worcester, MA: 172,648
Springfield, MA: 152,082
Hartford, CT: 141,578
Bridgeport, CT: 139,529
New Haven, CT: 123,626
Stamford, CT: 117,083
Waterbury, CT: 107,271
Manchester, NH: 107,006
The first settlers of New England were focused on maritime affairs such as whaling and fishing, rather than more continental inclinations such as surplus farming.
As the oldest of the American regions, New England has developed a distinct cuisine, dialect, architecture, and government. New England cuisine is known for its emphasis on seafood and dairy; clam chowder, lobster, and other products of the sea are among some of the region's most popular foods.
Despite a changing population, much of the original spirit of the region remains. It can be seen in the simple, woodframe houses and quaint white church steeples that are features of many small towns, and in the traditional lighthouses that dot the Atlantic coast. New England is also well known for its mercurial weather and its crisp chill. (Mark Twain is quoted as saying "If you don't like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes.") For its vibrant colored foliage in autumn, the region is a popular tourist destination. As a whole, New England tends to be progressive in its politics, although somewhat Puritan in its personal mores. Due to the fact that so many recent European immigrants live in the region and due to the influence of the many universities, the region often shows a greater receptivity to European ideas and culture than the rest of the country.
The region has remained consistently openminded towards other backgrounds, a tradition which has continued from the abolitionist days of William Lloyd Garrison and Charles Sumner to the region's recent controversial legal battle in regarding relationships between homosexual couples. As of 2005, Massachusetts permits gay marriages, and Vermont and Connecticut allow for civil unions between gay couples, putting the region at the forefront of this most recent American civil rights struggle. Although New England has always been one of the more socially progressive regions of the United States, its internal cultural and social battles have always been somewhat paradoxical. Its fervent abolitionism, for instance, was often met with intense racism on the part of its recently-immigrated Irish population. It was Alexis de Tocqueville who noted, in the 1830s, that New England was one of the only regions of the United States to have properly separated religion from its government, an ironic mixture of the region's heavy Puritan and Catholic backgrounds and strong tradition of direct democracy.
Bars and pubs, especially those with Irish themes, are popular social scenes. Closer to Boston, musicians from Ireland often tour pubs, playing traditional Irish folk music, usually with a singer, a fiddler, and a guitarist. In the rural parts of the region, people socialize through typical common activities such as church, sports, and town government.
The overall feeling of the region can be described as decidedly European, with the region's colonial past still alive and thriving through tourism, the hundreds of historic sites that dot region, and the rich cultural traditions that have endured and developed over centuries. Long-time and native residents are typically knowledgeable of the history of the region, and proud of it, as well. The often-parodied dialect of the region is most commonly known as Boston English, although, in reality, this accent is reserved mostly for the coasts of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine.
In the twentieth century, most of New England's traditional industries have relocated to states or foreign countries where goods can be made more cheaply. In more than a few factory towns, skilled workers have been left without jobs. Largely around Boston in the ring of Route 128, the gap has been partly filled by high technology industries, in particular biotech. Education, high technology, financial services, tourism, and medicine, continue to drive the local economy.
In the southwestern Connecticut counties of Fairfield and New Haven the economy is more closely associated with New York City. The area is considered part of the expansive New York Metropolitan Area and the economy is more often viewed as an extension of the New York suburbs as opposed to rest of New England. For years many residents of southwestern Connecticut have crossed the state line each day to work in Manhattan. More recently, New Yorkers have begun to travel into Connecticut as part of a reverse commute to many of the job centers developed in the suburbs.
New England has always received a great deal of attention from American writers like Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, John Irving and Arthur Miller. Largely on the strength of local writers like Thoreau, Boston, Massachusetts was for some years the center of the U.S. publishing industry, before being overtaken by New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. Boston remains the home of publishers Houghton Mifflin and Pearson Education, among others, as well as the literary magazine The Atlantic Monthly.
New England is also the setting for most of the gothic horror stories of H.P. Lovecraft, mostly because he lived his life in Providence, Rhode Island. Places like Dunwich, Arkham, Innsmouth, Kingsport, Miskatonic and Salem are featured quite often in his stories. This may also be because of the anglophile's desire to find a part of his own country most analogous to England.
More recently, author Stephen King has also used the small towns of the New England state of Maine as the setting for much of his horror fiction, with much of the action taking place in or near the fictional town of Castle Rock.
Modern author Rick Moody has set many of his works in southern New England, focusing on wealthy families of suburban Connecticut's Gold Coast and their battles with addiction and anomie.
Notable New Englanders
- John Adams
- John Quincy Adams
- Samuel Adams
- Some members of Aerosmith
- Crispus Attucks
- Edward Brooke
- Bobby Brown
- Dan Brown
- Charles Bulfinch
- James J. "Whitey" Bulger
- William "Billy" Bulger
- George Herbert Walker Bush
- George W. Bush
- Noam Chomsky
- John Singleton Copley
- Norm Crosby
- Dick Dale
- Ronnie James Dio
- Michael Dukakis
- Mary Dyer
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Benjamin Franklin
- Robert Frost
- Anthony Michael Hall
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
- John Irving
- Edward "Ted" Kennedy
- John F. Kennedy
- Patrick J. Kennedy
- Robert Kennedy
- Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
- John Kerry
- Stephen King
- Denis Leary
- Jay Leno
- Joseph Lieberman
- Robert Lowell
- Rowland Hussey Macy
- Cotton Mather
- Will McDonough
- Ephraim Morse
- James Naismith
- Leonard Nimoy
- Conan O'Brien
- George Patton
- Joe Perry
- Sylvia Plath
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Sumner Redstone
- Paul Revere
- Adam Sandler
- Louis Sullivan
- Paul Tsongas
- Henry David Thoreau
- Barbara Walters
- Daniel Webster
- William "Bill" Weld
- John Greenleaf Whittier
- Howard Zinn
- Mandy Moore
Major Professional Sports Teams
Informal polling, along with a general consensus among the sports media, indicates that baseball is the most-watched sport in New England, with the Boston Red Sox being the region's most popular sports franchise and the region's focal point of conversation throughout the summer. Even Red Sox players have noted the feeling of affection and ownership the entire New England region has towards the team. Nearly every major town in the region carries the Red Sox through the town radio station. The 2004 World Series victory by the Red Sox, the first since 1918, inspired widespread euphoria throughout the region, and three million people attended the team's victory parade in Boston. The recent success of the New England Patriots, a team that has won three of the past four Super Bowls, has sparked a renewed interest in football. The Boston Celtics are also a very popular franchise.
It should be noted that in the parts of southwestern Connecticut that are close to New York City, there are an abundance of New York Yankees and New York Mets fans, who are often identified as suburban New Yorkers. Additionally, until the team relocated to Washington for the start of the 2005 season, the Montreal Expos received some fan support in northern New England.
Below is a list of the major professional sports teams in New England:
- Baseball: Boston Red Sox
- Football: New England Patriots
- Basketball: Boston Celtics
- Hockey: Boston Bruins
- Soccer: New England Revolution
See also
These were other colonial dominions of the same scale and influence in the U.S. Northeast:
- New Netherland and New Sweden before New England and Pennsylvania ascended.
U.S. Census Bureau. "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (PDF). Retrieved May 11, 2005.
External links
- Historic Descriptions of New England Cities and Towns
- Historic USGS Maps of New England & NY
- New England Articles of Confederation
- Charter of New England
- Discover New England
- New England Governors Conference
- Strange New England Laws
- Flag of New England
- Boston.com
|Regions of the United States
|Coastal states | Deep South | Delmarva | East | Eastern Coast | Great Lakes | Great Plains | Gulf Coast | International Border states | Mid-Atlantic | Midwest | Mountain states | New England | North | Northeast | Pacific Northwest | South | South Central States | Southeast | Southwest | Upper Midwest | West | West Coast
Categories: Incomplete lists | Regions of the United States | Thirteen Colonies


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Damon and Hunter - Doing It Together
Quite possibly one of the most honest documentations available of gay male sex, Damon and Hunter Read More
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Quite possibly one of the most honest documentations available of gay male sex, Damon and Hunter captures the sincerity and passion of a real-life couple. A far cry from the Viagra-and testosterone-fueled gay porn factory, director Tony Comstock (Marie and Jack, Xana and Dax) continues to create straightforward and beautifully-shot movies. In a candid interview that runs throughout the film, the men share intimate details of their relationship. And, in a hot final scene, Damon and Hunter get really into each other. 45 min, 2006
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To the Editor: In a recent issue of your journal, Mellman et al1 demonstrated no chromosomal aberrations via the peripheral leukocytes of six infants with the rubella syndrome. We would like to add to those six cases, 20 infants with the rubella syndrome on whom chromosomal studies were also done.
All of these infants were born during the 1964 rubella epidemic in Atlanta. Thirteen mothers had a clinical course consistent with rubella during their first trimester of pregnancy and seven others had known exposure but no clinical illness. The stigmata in the infants included 16 instances of patent ductus arteriosus with or without other cardiac defects and two instances with other cardiac defects. Microphthalmia or cataracts or both were present in 11 infants and microcephaly in six others. Several infants also had other defects such as hearing loss and hepatosplenomegaly. Although no viral or serological studies were done, we
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Health Screenings at the Veterans' Stand Down
The Center for Pharmacy Services provided health screenings for homeless veterans and their families at Stand Down Pittsburgh on Saturday, August 10, 2013. Nearly 600 persons attended the event, which was organized by Veterans Leadership Program of Western Pennsylvania.
"STAND DOWN" is a military term, which refers to fresh troops taking care of exhausted combat troops by moving them from the battlefield to an environment that is safe and secure. The depleted combat soldiers are given medical attention, food, fresh clothing and an opportunity to get cleaned up, rest and recuperate. Similarly, on August 10th, the Pittsburgh community came together to host Stand Down 2013, an intensive service fair for homeless veterans and their families, offering a daylong respite from the streets and a real opportunity for individuals to put their lives back together.
The Center for Pharmacy Services was among 60 service providers who attended the event to provide assistance to homeless veterans.


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SIKESTON -- Anyone who hasn't started preparing for a major earthquake should do so now, emergency officials said during Tuesday's town hall meeting at the Clinton Building in Sikeston.
About 100 public officials and concerned citizens turned out for the meeting, which kicked off the statewide observance of Earthquake Awareness Week set for Feb. 3-8.
"I just wanted to see what the city has planned if we have an earthquake and what we can do to help," said Carol Towe of Sikeston about why she came out for the meeting. "Our odds of it happening are getting greater."
Tom Bridger, emergency management coordinator for the city of Sikeston, said he was pleased with the turnout, although attendance could have been a little higher.
"I hope everyone left with a better sense of awareness and the fact they need to be prepared -- and that 72 hours isn't going to cover it," Bridger said, adding he thinks the city has been proactive to earthquake preparedness.
Dr. Steve Horton, research scientist at the Center for Earthquake Research and Information at the University of Memphis, was the keynote speaker. He provided an overview of why earthquakes occur in this area, how the situation is being monitored, how scientists are learning from the past and what citizens can do to prepare for an earthquake.
Horton pointed out evidence indicates major earthquakes like those in 1811
-1812 occur in 500-year increments. And the probability of an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 to 8.0 occurring in the New Madrid seismic zone in the next 50 years is 7 to 10 percent; the probability of an earthquake 6.0 or greater occurring in the next 50 years is 25-40 percent.
Panel members were also on hand for a question and answer session following Horton's presentation.
"One of the things that is paramount is for us to prepare as a city. We'll be on our own for seven to 10 days before we get any help," said Drew Juden, director of the Sikeston Department of Public Safety.
Juden, who was recently appointed to the Missouri Seismic Commission by the governor, sat on the panel Tuesday night.
Although Juden admitted he is still new to his state position, he was able to provide insight on state and local plans for earthquake preparedness. For example, the state is prepackaging response plans right now, he told the crowd.
"So if there's a seismic event that reaches a certain criteria, there will be an automated response," Juden explained. "There will be a preplan response that will come into the affected area before a request is made. And then after that, they'll evaluate and look at the additional resources."
Juden said the state is also in a big discussion about the importance of evacuation routes in the event of a devastating earthquake.
The state has also asked for funding so the critical infrastructure in Southeast Missouri, such as hospitals and fire stations, can be evaluated.
"Then we can have some kind of understanding what's going to happen if we get that 7.8 shake. Will we have a hospital we can depend on or will we lose portions of it?" Juden questioned.
Then once a report is made, resources can be distributed effectively, Juden said.
Other panelists included: Bridger; Sue Evers of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Region 7 in Kansas City, Mo.; Jim Palmer, geologist for the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey; and Mark Winkler, coordinator for State Emergency Management Agency's Area E.
Jim Wilkinson, executive director for the Central Earthquake Consortium, served as the panel moderator.
One topic addressed by an audience member was if there is a major quake and the Missouri National Guard is activated, what is the status as to where they're sent -- urban or rural areas?
Wilkinson said just because a city has a National Guard unit doesn't mean they will work in that city.
"These guys have specialties that may be needed in the other areas," he said.
However, Winkler noted the fact Adj. Gen. King Sidwell is from Sikeston is a big plus for the region. But where the National Guard unit is deployed, also depends on what the request is, he added.
One woman asked: "If there was a big earthquake tonight, what would be the safest building to go to (in Sikeston), and if I decided to evacuate, which would be the best direction-- Memphis, Tenn., or St. Louis?"
Juden said he didn't think the woman or anyone else would be able to go anywhere in the event of a major earthquake, and he said officials haven't identified any really safe shelters in the city yet.
"The only thing most people don't know is what's going to happen when you get that 7.8 followed by a 7.5 followed by a 7.3 that happens in 24, 48 or 72 hours?
"It's not going to be one shake and it's over, and a week later, we recover and everything's great and wonderful. It's going to be a rapid succession of multiple events," Juden said.
Handouts on earthquake preparedness -- before, during and after -- were available for attendees as well as other information.
The meeting was videotaped and will air on the Sikeston R-6 cable access channel. At press time, Bridger wasn't sure of specific air dates.
"Something we're looking at is having additional follow-up meetings on the local level without the state and federal officials," Bridger said. "I'd like to get people from utilities, hospitals and school systems for the follow-up." Following the meeting, Towe said she was glad she attended although some of her questions were left unanswered.
"It was informative, but it sounds like they're still in the process of formulating a plan," Towe said. "And hopefully they'll do that before very long. It's a start."


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MARIETTA -It took a full five games, but the Marietta High volleyball team edged Claymont in a league match Monday at Marietta High School.
It was a back and forth contest all night, but the Tigers will take it as they improve to 9-4 and 4-2 in the ECOL.
The two teams traded the first four games, Marietta winning the first 25-14 and the third 25-23. The Mustangs took the second game 27-25 and fourth game 28-26. As close as the first four games were, the final game did not fail to follow suit.
Article Photos
Photo by Jordan Holland
Marietta's Mattie Miller, back left, and Lain Weppler celebrate a point against Claymont at Sutton Gym Thursday night. The Tigers won in five games.
Marietta jumped out to an 8-5 lead in the fifth game, forcing Claymont to call a timeout. From there, the Ron Kidder-led Tigers nailed it down with a 15-12 victory.
"We got off to a good start," Kidder said. "We thought "Oh, this might be kind of easy,' but it didn't turn out that way. We were able to pull this one out. Anytime you face somebody in this league, they're gonna give you a battle."
Kaitlyn Cozzens had a huge game for the Tigers, posting 42 assists, 20 digs, 13 points, and four aces. Alexis Walsh also played well with 42 digs and 13 points.


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07 August 2012 ~ 2 Comments
Jim Florentine , Ann Wilson, Nancy Wilson, August 6th 2012
Was it taped for a future date? Found nothing about it!
The airdate has not been released yet. The Heartmongers are assuming September.
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Definition of aestivation in English:
(US estivation)
noun[mass noun]
1 Zoology Prolonged torpor or dormancy of an insect, fish, or amphibian during a hot or dry period.
Example sentences
- During winter months and aestivation periods, mussels will burrow into the substrate until only the apertures are protruding.
- By shutting down their intestinal tracts during estivation, these anurans reduce their daily energy expenditure.
- The period of aestivation is around eight months, though some experts claim that they can remain underground for more than five years.
2 Botany The arrangement of petals and sepals in a flower bud before it opens. Compare with vernation.
Example sentences
- Prior to the aestivation of the calyx, pairs of stamen primordia are initiated.
- Aestivation of the calyx is cochlear descending, which is a new character within Ingeae.
- Just as commonly, petal aestivation was observed to be entirely imbricate.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: aes¦tiv|ation
Definition of aestivation in:
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