text:
PRIZE of your choice for good guess what this store sells. You can click on the image to get a larger view.
Store 1.jpg
My boat partner went into this store to get some welding done. Turns out they dont do welding nor any iron working. So what is this business? Persons who give good answers (determined by me, this aint a democracy here as Jesse will tell you) will be awarded a prize, their choice of wild bird feather or baby abalone shell ear rings. More than one prize will be awarded. A clue will follow depending how close the answers come to what they really do here.
I'm thinking that is probably one of the local bars and sells alcohol.
medical marajuana
Society in any state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil. T. Paine
I am old enough to remember when this really was the land of the free. CS
massage parlor
"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence is not an act, but a habit"
"Fear Is The Tool Used To Command Us"
"Gentlemen's Club"
Think me not unkind and rude,
That I walk alone through grove and glen.
I go to seek the God of the wood,
And fetch His word to men.
Recycling center.
Looks like furnature legs in the photo behind the gate. I'm guessing wrought iron or metal custom furnature.
Keep your nose to the wind and your eyes to the skyline.
custom gates and fences?
So, one "sick" person got it right away. Canine Law, what you been smoking and where are you getting it. We know what you have been doing! Yes, it is a medical marijauna store. The story of my boat partner is coimpletely true. This place is right on Lincoln Blvd between Santa Monica & Venice. It has the gorgious metal craftsman exterior so Pat just piled in there with the bits to be welded.
Here is the clue I was going to give - I blacked out the green cross in the orginal photo I posted but I couldn't fool Canine Law. He clearly knows the placeStore 2.jpg
As for the winner, I'm such a wuss that I can't decide so everyone gets a prize. PM or email me with an address and tell me if you want ab or feather ear rings. Canine Law get both. LtDann, I'll give you your stuff and a new camo cup (I saw the old one is coming apart) when I see you next.
Hey asaxon, what you been smoking? Canine Law didn't post on this thread!
I knew what it was, because about a year ago in Fresno I did the same thing your boat partner did. The building was very similar
Society in any state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil. T. Paine
I am old enough to remember when this really was the land of the free. CS
lmao well if your gonna give us all somethin Andy Ill take the feather ear rings :) dont know how Ill repay you though
Sorry Common sense. My head was a bit foggy last night as several have noted. I do NOT smoke marajuana - that is for kids. Here is a picture of my cat and I smoking the good stuff. How do you think I come up with all the lies I tell?
Now that my secret is out, I think I'll use this as my Avatar.
And for those who replied, send me an address in PM or email and I'll send along the prize you choose.
Thanks asaxon! Prize arrived yesterday.
Would you like some peacock feathers for your crafting?
Think me not unkind and rude,
That I walk alone through grove and glen.
I go to seek the God of the wood,
And fetch His word to men.
Peacock feather earings? I hope she's got a LOOOOOOOOONG neck.
../|. ,[____],
l---L -=O|||||O
()_) ()_)~--)_)
There are two types of countries in the world today.
Those that use the metric system and those that have been to the moon.
my girl loved the earings thank you andy :)
lol. i had a feeling it was a pot shop. They seem to pop up all over the state in the most crazy places. Here in bake-o they have lots of shops that look like that. i almost think it makes them stand out more. If they made it nice and had clean customers. It would look a lot better and not seem like such a crack house.
just my thoughts.


text:
Over the years we have continually developed and improved the system until today, where it has become the premier testing system used in the UK. Accusense have also started the process of licensing the system to service providers worldwide.
The Accusense System utilises the inert helium gas as a tracer to seek out any potential leaks in one circuit of a heat exchanger. The opposing circuit has a low volume of circulating air which is continually monitored for any traces of helium which are displayed on the detecting instrument and a paperless recording system. The whole testing process only takes a few minutes to complete on any one section of a heat exchanger.
This is a major advantage to the end user as production only has to be disrupted for a short period of time. The system is the most sensitive in-situ testing method available in the market place today; it is capable of detecting very small holes or cracks potentially down to 5 microns.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Required OS: not specified
Tags: travel , planner , trip , route , itinerary , packing , organize , management


text:
Cross Roads
(If any tax is payable it will be calculated and shown at checkout.)
Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
moreAnthony Spencer is egotistical, proud of being a self-made business success at the peak of his game, even though the cost of winning was painfully high. A cerebral hemorrhage leaves Tony comatose in a hospital ICU. He 'awakens' to find himself in a surreal world, a 'living' landscape that mirrors dimensions of his earthly life, from the beautiful to the corrupt. It is here that he has vivid interactions with others he assumes are projections of his own subconscious, but whose directions he follows nonetheless with the possibility that they might lead to authenticity and perhaps, redemption. The adventure draws Tony into deep relational entanglements where he is able to 'see' through the literal eyes and experiences of others, but is "blind" to the consequences of hiding his personal agenda and loss that emerge to war against the processes of healing and trust. Will this unexpected coalescing of events cause Tony to examine his life and realize he built a house of cards on the poisoned grounds of a broken heart? Will he also have the courage to make a critical choice that can undo a major injustice he set in motion before falling into a coma? less
Faithwords; November 2012
Read online, or download in secure EPUB
Title: Cross Roads
Author: Wm. Paul Young
Read online, or download in secure EPUB
Title: Cross Roads
Author: Wm. Paul Young
Buy, download and read Cross Roads (eBook) by Wm. Paul Young today!
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text:
Coming this Fall: Brand New South Beach Diet
Ready to lose weight and get in the best shape of your life? Today we're dishing up the details of the South Beach Diet plan: How it works, what you'll be eating, and best of all—how it's going to help you find optimal health and look better than ever.
This isn't your typical diet plan. Think fresh, clean, healthy, whole food—high in lean protein, lots of vibrant veggies, healthy fats and energizing fruits and whole grains. Your body gets the energy it needs from real, whole food, while you start shedding pounds without feeling hungry or deprived. Talk about a win-win!
Now here's where it gets good: South Beach Diet is a doctor-designed plan—no fads or gimmicks here, just safe, effective weight loss. This is a plan you can trust, and it's so easy to follow.
The diet plan consists of three distinct phases, designed to optimize your body's needs during each stage of weight loss. And the best part? You'll finish with a whole toolkit of knowledge that'll help you keep the weight off and achieve the healthy lifestyle you've always wanted.
South Beach Diet—Phase 1
Phase one is designed to reset your body, and reduce cravings for sugar and refined starches. The first 14 days are lower in carbohydrates and focused on nutrient-dense foods like lean protein, healthy fats and veggies to fill you up, satisfy your appetite—and deliver rapid weight loss you can see and feel.
During the first two weeks, you'll avoid carbohydrates like fruits, beans, legumes and starchy vegetables, and fill up on plenty of proteins, good fats, the lowest glycemic index carbs (think non-starchy veggies) to help keep you satisfied and keep your blood sugar stable.
South Beach Diet—Phase 2
In phase two, you'll gradually reintroduce other nutritious, delicious foods—say hello to fruits, whole grains and additional veggies! Your body will continue to transform as you continue to drop the weight and increase your activity, until you reach your weight loss goal. Phase 2 also lays the foundation for Phase 3 (and beyond!), by giving you some freedom to practice the healthy habits you've learned—whether you're out to eat or cooking your own healthy meals. Plus, you'll start fitting fitness into your routine to help enhance your results and keep you feeling healthy and energized.
South Beach Diet—Phase 3
In the final phase, you'll enjoy all foods in moderation. You'll know how to make good food choices anytime, anywhere (even eating out at your favorite restaurants or RSVPing "yes" to dinner parties and birthdays—nothing is off limits!). You'll continue to embrace fitness and your new healthy lifestyle. Phase three is all about taking this easy-to-follow plan and making it a part of the rest of your life. And don't worry, we'll be right there alongside you with tips and support to help make that happen.
Your Total Slim-Down Solution
Did we mention? You're going to love the food. You'll get unique South Beach Diet recipes in each of the three phases, creating a virtual recipe book that you can use throughout your journey and beyond. We're talking easy, fresh, delicious meals anyone can make (chefs and not-so-chefs alike). This is just one of the tools you'll have to help you stay lean long after you've reached your goal.
And, because we want to make it as easy as possible for you to succeed, we're taking the proven principles of this amazing weight loss program and expanding upon them to create an ALL NEW South Beach Diet. Using the three distinct phases as foundation, the new South Beach Diet will be packed with everything you need to get (and stay!) thin, plus live healthy for life. You're going to love this program. And what's more, you're going to love the way you look and feel!
So be sure to stay tuned…. these exciting new updates are coming this fall!


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| How
do I submit a protocol?
Once you have determined that you need IRB review or an exemption, the next step is to write a protocol and submit it to the Office of the Vice Provost for Research at 20 Professors Row. A protocol includes completed cover sheet form and protocol application signed by the PI, consent form(s), copy of survey/interview questions/other instrumentation, and proof of completion of CITI online tutorial. It is very important that your protocol form clearly explain what you intend to do and provide all requested information. Failure to provide complete or clear information may result in a delay of the approval of the protocol. If the IRB does not have sufficient information to make a decision at a meeting, they will often table the proposal to be taken up again at the next meeting, one month later.
Protocols requesting exemption will be reviewed by the IRB administrator. Investigators whose protocols qualify for exemption will be notified by email, normally within one to two weeks of having submitted the protocol. Protocols that are not eligible for exemption will be considered for expedited review. Protocols eligible for expedited review will be reviewed by a single member of the IRB outside of the regular meeting. Protocols that are not eligible for either an exemption or expedited review will be placed on the agenda for the next IRB meeting if submitted by the deadline. Continuing review protocols must also be submitted by the deadline.
The IRB meets once each month. Committee members are mailed copies of all protocols one week prior to the scheduled meeting. All protocols received in the office in time to be photocopied and included in this mailing will be considered at the meeting. Protocols not received in time will be put on the agenda for the next regular meeting.
Research may not begin until you have received a written approval and a stamped, approved consent form from the IRB. Only the approved version of the consent form may be used and it may only be used during the time period for which it has been approved. Using an outdated consent form is considered noncompliance.
University, Office of the Vice Provost for Research


text:
What is Chiari Malformation?
Chiari Malformation is a disorder of the brain affecting at least 1 out of every 1000 people in the world. In the simplest terms, it is a condition where the cerebellum (the bottom part of the brain) squeezes out into the spinal canal. Chiari is almost exclusively diagnosed via MRI of the brain, but other types of scans may detect the disorder as well.
Many people are born with the disorder but have no symptoms until adolescence or adulthood because of growth or progression of the herniation. Others can develop it from trauma or from a lack of spinal fluid. The most severe forms of Chiari Malformation are detected at birth and may result in significant brain damage and disability.
Symptoms of Chiari Malformation:
Chiari Malformation symptoms include headaches that are made worse by coughing, sneezing and straining, neck pain, poor balance, nausea and vomiting, hoarse voice and ringing in the ears. Symptoms vary widely between patients and may change over time.
Diagnosis of Chiari Malformation:
The diagnosis of Chiari Malformation is becoming more common because of the increased use of MRI, but many Chiaris are incidental findings in people without any symptoms and who will never require treatment (so if you have one and no symptoms, don't panic!).
Treatment for Chiari Malformation:
Treatment for Chiari Malformation is varied. Most patients are first treated by a neurologist, with medications being used to reduce headaches or other symptoms. Many patients are able to be managed without surgery; however, if medication does not work or the cerebellar herniation gets worse, surgery is usually recommended to provide more room for the herniated brain structures.
During the surgery, called a Posterior Fossa Decompression, a piece of the skull near the opening to the spinal canal is removed, a piece of the first and sometimes second vertebrae are removed, and a patch is added to the lining of the brain. Occasionally, neurosurgeons may surgically shrink the cerebellum to further decrease pressure within the brain or try to reposition the brain within the skull.
Outcomes from surgery vary widely depending upon the patient, the severity of the herniation and the damage done before surgery.
Chiari Malformation and Associated Conditions:
Syringomyelia is a condition where a backup of spinal fluid causes a cyst to grow in the middle of the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of symptoms including weakness, paralysis, and pain the arms and legs.
Spina Bifida is a condition where the spinal cord doesn't fully close during fetal development.
Many patients with Chiari have a less severe version of Spina Bifida called Occult Tethered Cord, where the bottom part of the spinal cord is tethered to the bones in the lower back, causing a stretch on the spinal cord. Research is being done to determine if Occult Tethered Cord may be an additional cause of the brain hernation in Chiari Malformation.
Pseudotumor Cerebri is a condition where the pressure in the brain is too high, often because the fluid cannot escape from the brain. It is seen often in patients with Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia.
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome is a connective tissue disorder which can cause joint and tissue looseness, which can be a big problem in the spine, especially after decompression surgery.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Promotes and supports research for nuerological disorders and strokes
Conquer Chiari - Education, awareness and research into Chiari Malformations
American Syringomyelia and Chiari Alliance Project - Non-profit organization dedicated to research and support
Chiari and Syringomyelia Foundation - Non-profic group committed to finding a cure for Chiari malformations, syringomyelia and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders


text:
The building of healthy relationships is continuous in both good and bad times. Usually, the strongest relationships that exist between people are those that are endured during times of adversity and still go strong. This is the reason why having mastery of conflict is a key element in fostering strong relationships. Of course, conflict management cannot be successful if compassion and wisdom do not form part of the package.
The relationship between wisdom and compassion is strongly brought out when handling disputes. To start with, you must have the wisdom required to face your own personal conflicts. Once you have dealt with your own dragons, then it becomes easier to compassionately listen to the conflict of others as you try and come up with the most amicable solution possible. By honestly facing the issues that surround you, it becomes possible to deal with any situation that comes your way.
The inner conflicts are mainly presented by your past. Until such issues are resolved, having conflict with other people will only stir up the unresolved conflict with you. This will make you deal with adversity from within and without. This is the reason why many people fail to face their outer conflicts with compassion and wisdom.
The best method to deal with inner conflicts is to conduct a self examination of your personal responses when the conflicts arise between another person and you. This is mainly because unresolved inner conflicts can hide away hence lead to depression. Awakening of such conflicts can be done from external disturbances. Such things rob people from the ability they have to build lasting and healthy relationships. However, if you can be able to face such issues courageously, your compassion and wisdom to build beautiful relationships will grow as well as grow stronger through adversities. Therefore, wisdom and compassion are vital elements in conflict management.


text:
Tagged content for clever
How To Behave On An Internet Forum
Internet forums are either a brilliant community where you can meet and chat with new, interesting p ...
How To Behave On An Internet Forum
Do battle with the toughest fones ever to grow legs and fight. This classic arcade fighting clone is ...
Clever Cat
Cute cat does as he's told.
Clever Cat


text:
The nine chapters and epilogue seemed to be over all too quickly as I read this touching tale of Aaron and Billy, two seventeen year olds in small town USA.
The story is very much a tale of trust and how important it is to human happiness. Trust though is can be misplaced as Aaron discovers.
Read it at lakeweedatarrowhead


text:
- Report: #870035
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Complaint Review: jim walter homes
jim walter homestampa, Florida United States of America
jim walter homes poor work to my home used lumber high instrest rates tampa, Florida
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Prospect Review: European Leagues
Monday, 05.18.2009 / 9:00 AM ET / News
By Al Alven - philadelphiaflyers.com
The following is a review of Flyers prospects that played this season in European leagues, including those in the Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia.
* * *
Johan Backlund, G
Timra IK (Sweden)
At 27 years of age, Johan Backlund isn't a prospect in the traditional sense. A five-year veteran of the Swedish Elite League, the 6-2, 198-pound netminder signed a one-year contract with the Flyers in late March. He is expected to push for a roster spot with the team at training camp in September.
In 49 games with Timra this season, the undrafted Backlund registered a 2.56 goals against average, .907 save percentage and four shutouts. After sharing the net with two different goaltenders over the past two seasons, Backlund earned the team's starting role in 2008-09.
|Johan Backlund is a five-year veteran of the Swedish Elite League. (Getty Images)
"He's a player we've had our eyes on and who we're glad to add to the mix," said Flyers director of hockey operations, Chris Pryor. "Our scouts have followed Johan closely and really like the progression he's shown in Sweden, especially over the past two seasons. We think he has a lot of potential.
"[Signing Backlund] gives us more options this summer and in training camp. Regardless of how our goaltending situation pans out, he'll have an opportunity to show us what he can do. Whether he makes the Flyers or starts with the Phantoms, we'll have to wait and see."
Over his five seasons in the SEL with Timra and Leksands IF, Backlund has a 2.54 goals against average, .908 save percentage and 19 shutouts in 287 games.
The highlight of his career came at the 2007 World Championships in Moscow, where he represented his homeland. In six appearances, he posted a 2.01 goals against average and .907 save percentage, leading Sweden to a fourth place finish.
"Backlund has international experience, which is always a plus," noted Pryor. "You never know exactly how a goaltender from the European leagues is going to adjust to the North American game, but we really like his attitude and feel he will do well over here."
Denis Bodrov, D
Lada Togliatti/Atlant Moscow (Russia)
Among the Flyers' more intriguing prospects, Denis Bodrov endured a somewhat tumultuous campaign. The 22-year-old rearguard opened his fourth pro season with Togliatti in the new Kontinental Hockey League, recording six points (one goal, five assists) and 20 penalty minutes in 24 games.
In November, he was suddenly transferred to Atlant Moscow. Officials from Togliatti cited "bad behavior" as the reason for the dismissal, but declined to offer an official explanation. Bodrov appeared to be surprised by the move and struggled initially with his new team. Within a week or so, he settled in and would go on to enjoy a strong second half.
|Chris Pryor and the Flyers staff are hopeful they can get Denis Bodrov in for training camp. (Getty Images)
In 21 games for Altlant, he put up numbers identical to his first half stint with Lada, again posting one goal and five assists; he also added 24 penalty minutes in 21 contests.
Despite the transfer and the circumstances surrounding it, Bodrov continued to show progression in his game while living up to his reputation as one of the top young defensemen in Russia. He is solid positionally, skates well, and, at 6-0, 185-pounds, plays a physical game in his own end.
"We remain very high on Denis," explained Pryor. "We really like his approach. He's competitive and more than handles himself against older, bigger players in one of the top leagues in the world.
"We've felt for a while that he's been ready to come over and play here in our organization, but it's really up to him now. The problem from our end is that players like Denis can make big money playing in the Kontinental League. There's a lot of incentive for him to stay at home."
Pryor confirmed that the Flyers will continue to pursue Bodrov, and, ideally, would like to have him in attendance at training camp in September.
Joacim Eriksson, G
Brynas Jrs. (Sweden)
When the Flyers selected Joacim Eriksson in the seventh round (198th overall) of last summer's entry draft, many observers labeled the pick a potential steal. While only time will tell to what extent this is true, the early returns have been promising.
Widely considered to be the second best goaltending prospect in Sweden behind fellow Brynas product and 2008 draftee Jacob Markstrom (Florida Panthers, 31st overall), Eriksson bolstered his standing within the Flyers organization with a terrific 2008-09 campaign.
The 19-year-old netminder led the Brynas junior team to a SuperElit championship, recording a 2.43 goals against average and .922 save percentage in seven postseason games. His numbers were even better during the regular season, as he posted a glowing 1.99 goals against average and eye-popping .930 save percentage in 33 appearances.
Eriksson boasts a solid frame at 6-2, 190-pounds. A classic butterfly goalie who catches right, he possesses outstanding reflexes and lateral movement. He anticipates well and seems to thrive in late-game pressure situations.
"Our reports on Eriksson have been nothing but good," said Pryor. "We were very happy and maybe even a little surprised to see him on the board still in the seventh round of last year's draft. We think we may have gotten lucky here and have very high hopes for him."
Eriksson is likely to move up to the pro level next season, but it won't be with Brynas in the Swedish Elite League. As his path in the organization was blocked by Markstrom, he was recently transferred to Leksand of Allsvenskan, the second-highest division of play in Sweden.
"He's certainly ready to move up and it will be interesting to see how he progresses," added Pryor. "Our scouts have been very impressed with his poise and technical ability, and think he will only continue to get better."
Mario Kempe, LW
Rogle BK/Mora IK (Sweden)
At just 20 years old, Mario Kempe's career has already taken him from Sweden to Canada, back to Sweden, and then to Philadelphia. It is the latter destination where the talented forward hopes to permanently hang his skates.
Originally a product of the MoDo system in his homeland, Kempe opted to play hockey at the major junior level in North America, suiting up for the St. John's Fog Devils of the QMJHL for two seasons (2006-08). Prior to this past season, he decided to head back to Sweden to begin his pro career, signing with Rogle of the Swedish Elite League.
|Mario Kempe has spent time playing in North America as well as Europe. (Getty Images)
Kempe performed well, despite enduring the frustrations of a limited role. In 30 games for Rogle, he notched 10 points (two goals, eight assists).
With veteran players earning more significant ice time as the season progressed, Rogle transferred Kempe to Mora IK of Allsvenkan late in the season. Kempe immediately settled into a prime role with his new team, recording 12 points (nine goals, three assists) and a plus-5 rating in 17 games.
After Mora's season ended, Kempe again crossed the pond, signing an ATO with the Phantoms. He appeared in five regular season games with the Flyers' AHL affiliate, but did not register a point.
"Mario is a very determined young man and he is carving out his own career path," said Pryor. "He's not a big guy, but he plays a big man's game. He's very competitive and in-your-face. While he has a lot of skill and can do some things with the puck, we view him as more of a role player.
"For Mario right now, it's all about patience. We'd like to see him get a little bigger and gain more muscle. He loves and thrives in the North American style of play and has a great work ethic."
Kempe will be in training camp in September. While he will have a chance to impress the Flyers brass, he is a more likely candidate to play for the Phantoms in 2009-10.
Jakub Kovar, G
Ceske Budejovice (Czech Rep.)
Like Kempe, Jakub Kovar is a prospect who came over to play at the major junior level in Canada before returning to Europe to make his pro debut. The 20-year-old split the 2007-08 season with the Oshawa Generals and Windsor Spitfires of the OHL. He signed with Ceske Budejovice of the Extraliga in his native Czech Republic last summer.
|Jakub Kovar acted as a backup to former NHL player Roman Turek this past season. (Photo courtesy Windsor Spitfires)
Overall, the lanky, 6-0, 185-pound netminder made a solid transition to the next level. While he struggled with inconsistency and focus at times, he performed well in recording a 2.69 goals against average and .916 save percentage in 23 games as a backup to former NHLer Roman Turek.
"Our scouts who followed Kovar closely this season were very happy with the way he played," said Pryor. "He's a guy who plays that typically unorthodox Czech style. He's very athletic and has quick reflexes. For him, it's really a matter of continuing to gain experience and developing mentally in the position.
"We don't have any time table for Kovar or Eriksson at this point, though we'd obviously like to see them both come over and compete [in training camp] in the near future. But, they're both very young and we're really happy with the way they've been coming along, so far."
Kovar will suit up for Ceske again next season, barring an unexpected offseason transfer. As long as he shows he is capable, he should see an increase in workload as an Extraliga sophomore.
Joonas Lehtivuori, D
Ilves Tampere (Finland)
A smooth-skating if undersized (5-11, 167-pound) defender with deft puckhandling skills and strong hockey sense, Joonas Lehtivuori continued to show promising signs of development in 2008-09.
The 20-year-old rearguard's numbers actually went down noticeably during his third full season of play for Tampere in Finland's SM-Liiga. He notched 12 points (four goals, eights assists), an even rating, and 16 penalty minutes in 44 games this year after posting 21 points (eight goals, 13 assists) a plus-nine rating, and 10 penalty minutes in 48 games the previous season.
The numbers dip was likely more indicative of Ilves' overall struggles this season than it was of Lehtivuori's play. The team finished in the middle of the league's pack with a mediocre record of 22-27-9.
|Joonas Lehtivuori will get a look in training camp next year, according to Pryor. (Getty Images)
For his part, Lehtivuori has developed into one of his program's more reliable defensemen. He was very steady in his own end this season and proved to be effective in moving the puck up ice quickly, both in skating it out of the zone himself or by connecting with a crisp, accurate first pass.
Also, again, despite his stats, Lehtivuori has displayed an increased level of awareness on offense, which has resulted in him seeing increased power play responsibilities.
Like Kempe, Lehtivuori came over to Philadelphia after signing an ATO with the Phantoms in late March. He did not manage to get into a game, however, largely due to the AHL team's numbers crunch.
"Lehtivuori is another player we hope to take a good, long look at in training camp, and who we have high expectations for," said Pryor. "He has a smaller frame and will definitely need to build up his strength to play [in the NHL], but he can really skate and move the puck. He brings a lot of skill to the table.
"We'll have to see what happens for next season, but we have options. If he isn't ready to play here, he can always go back to Finland and play another season or maybe two."


text:
Walk Two Moons
by Sharon Creech
Pandora's Box
Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory
We get two delightful interpretations of the myth of Pandora's Box in this story. The first time we hear about Pandora is when Ben Finney gives a presentation in Mr. Birkway's class about Prometheus. He tells the class that Prometheus stole fire from the sun and gave it to man. Zeus was super mad and sent Pandora (a woman) to man to punish him. Then Zeus tied Prometheus to a rock and had vultures eat his liver for all eternity. Um, ick?
Phoebe gives another presentation about Pandora and explains that in fact Pandora was not a punishment to man, but a reward. Oh, do tell, Phoebe. Apparently Zeus wanted to reward man by giving him a beautiful, sweet woman. After Zeus created her, he invited the gods to dinner and asked them to give her presents, which they did.
They gave her all kinds of beautiful things, including the gift of curiosity. Then they gave her a beautiful box and told her not to open it. But because Pandora had been given the gift of curiosity, she had to open it. Inside the box were all the evils of the world – death, destruction, cholesterol, etc. However, there was one good thing in the box, and that was hope.
Well that's a nice enough story, but why should we care? You'll have to read all the way to the end to find out.
At the end of her story, Sal tells us that she and Gramps are back in Bybanks, practicing her driving. They get to talking about Pandora and Gramps says, "those myths evolved because people needed a way to explain where fire came from and why there was evil in the world" (44.11). Stories like these are incredibly helpful and powerful sometimes, because they provide an easy explanation for something that's really not easily explained at all.
Plus, Pandora's story ends the same way as Sal's story: with hope. Sal even imagines another box, one filled with all the good things in the world. And at the end of the novel, she realizes something:
I decided that bravery is looking Pandora's box full in the eye as best you can, and then turning to the other box, the one with the smooth beautiful folds inside: Momma kissing trees, my Gram saying, "Huzza, huzza," Gramps and his marriage bed. (44.16)
Sal knows an awesome secret: it's okay to be sad sometimes, as long as you look that sadness in the eye, and then remember to be happy.


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3. Waiting to Steady
People are fearful that if they attempt to steady their pups early in basic gundog training, the dog will lose enthusiasm and drive. Not true if properly accomplished with gentle methods. Steadiness to shot and fall is one of the most important lessons a young dog will learn. Any properly bred retriever can mark and retrieve with very little formal training; it's knowing when not to retrieve that takes the conditioning. Start denying pup retrieves early. Pick up 50% of all bumpers and later 50-60% of all the downed birds on your pup's first few hunts. Condition patience from the beginning.
4. Too Many Meaningless Marks
After a pup is enthusiastic about early retrieves (no more than two to three per session), there is little point in continuing meaningless, repetitive, hand-thrown retrieves in elementary sessions. Once the pup dashes out, picks the mark and returns to the handler, nothing more is necessary. Marks now must teach something - falls in long grass, in water, over water onto land or in high crops.
Marks can be used to teach doubles, lengthen the dog's retrieving distance, or to exercise watching the sky. Excessive marking can be counterproductive by unsteadying the pup and promoting independence rather than interdependent relationships. Additionally, marking to improve memory is actually the poorest of methods. Place more emphasis in the early stages of training on steadiness and memory development rather than marks.
5. Setting Pups Up to Fail
Nothing is learned from failure in the dog world. It is vital that pups succeed every time in training to develop confidence in you and in themselves. Don't expect young dogs to exceed their capabilities. Nothing succeeds like success. If necessary, walk out and help locate the fall yourself, shorten distances, simplify the concept or re-visit basic core skills. Train, don't test.
Teach every skill within a concept and then link them together. Dogs learn from association established through consistent repetition. In effect, we are establishing a learning chain through causal relationships. Be careful not to circumvent this process. Think "win, win" ... how can the exercise be set up to enhance the possibilities of success?
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act into law.
First duck stamp, designed by Pulitzer-prize winning editorial cartoonist, Jay N. "Ding" Darling, issued.
Prairie drought peaks.


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Some Afternoon Swirl
- By Bossip Staff Categories: Coupled Up, Hollyweird, News
Angela was spotted shopping for cell phone accessories with her man or whatever you want to call him. Funny how Terry Kennedy debuted his little Latina banger on Bossip yesterday, and later that day, she's seen with her Latino piece, huh.
More pics of Angela swirling around Hollyweird under the hood.


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5 videos celebrating Ella Fitzgerald's birthday
By KPLU
Known as the "First Lady of Jazz" singer Ella Fitzgerald was born April 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia.
From rather humble beginnings Fitzgerald and her smooth, silky voice climbed to the top of the jazz world, reports Biography.com. During her long career she worked with greats from Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong to Dizzy Gillespie and Frank Sinatra. In all Ella recorded over 200 albums and around 2,000 songs in her lifetime. She died on June 15, 1996.
Here's five videos celebrating the great singers career:
It isn't where you came from, its where you're going that counts.
– Ella Fitzgerald


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Weather Alerts
Major change made to Westwego alcohol sales lawUPDATED 12:24 PM CST Nov 13, 2013
A strict law prohibiting alcohol sales within 1,000 feet of schools, churches and playgrounds is no longer on the books.Video Transcript
IN WESTWEGO.. A STRICT LAW PROHIBITING ALCOHOL SALES WITHIN 1,000 FEET OF SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND PLAYGROUNDS -- IS NO LONGER ON THE BOOKS. W-D- S-U REPORTER ANDY CUNNINGHAM TELLS US WHY THE CURRENT CITY COUNCIL SAID THE OLD LAW HAD TO GO. ANDY: Council members here in Westwego say they came to their decision in hopes to bring new business to this West Bank community... FOR YEARS...THIS LOT ALONG A BUSY STRETCH OF THE WEST BANK EXPRESSWAY HAS REMAINED VACANT. BUSINESSES HAVE EXPRESSED INTEREST IN THE PROPERTY, BUT DUE TO THE CITY'S 1,000 FOOT RULE, PROHIBITING BARS AND RESTAURANTS FROM SERVING ALCOHOL NEAR SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND PLAYGROUNDS... THOSE OPPORTUNITES.. CAME AND WENT. Councilman Johnny Nobles, Jr. /Westwego City Council: Mainly for the economic boost of Westwego... COUNCILMAN JOHNNY NOBLES JUNIOR, LEAD THE CHARGE TO ABOLISH THE 7-YEAR-OLD LAW. Councilman Johnny Nobles, Jr. : I believe the boost in our economy is vital ... IN WHAT HE CALLS A PROGRESSIVE MOVE TO SPUR DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACT NEW BUSINESSES' TO WESTWEGO...THE NEW LAW WILL ALLOW RESTAURANTS THAT PROVIDE ALCOHOL TO SET UP AS CLOSE TO 150 FEET FROM SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND PLAYGROUNDS.. AND 300 FEET FOR BARS OR STORES SELLING LIQUOR. Mike Glinky: Ya know, we're just a sleeper right now, we're just waking up ... REAL ESTATE AGENT MIKE GLINKY...WHO JUST PURCHASED A PROPERTY NEAR THAT EMPTY LOT BY WORLEY MIDDLE SCHOOL...SAID HE WELCOMES THE NEWS. Mike Glinky: It's just another opportunity for business to come to the Westbank... NOT EVERYONE SHARES GLINKY'S ENTHUSIASM...CONCERNED THE NEW LAW WILL PROMOTE MORE DRINKING, AND MORE PROBLEMS. M.O.S. Well, to me, I don't care for that... BUT NOBLES SAID ...THAT'S NOT WHY THE COUNCIL CAME TO ITS UNANIMOUS DECISION. Johnny Nobles, Jr. No, not at all it is strictly to help the businesses and attract more business and restaurants into our community... NEW OR EXISITING BUSINESSESS CAN IMMEDIATELY APPLY FOR A LIQUOR LICENSE, BUT MUST FIRST RECIEVE COUNCIL APPROVAL BEFORE THEY CAN BEGIN SERVING CUSTOMERS. REPORTING ON YOUR SIDE FROM THE WW A.C. W-D- S-U NEWS. UNDER THE NEW LAW ...RESTAURANTS THAT SERVE ALCOHOL MUST MAKE AT LEAST 60 PERCENT OF ITS SALES FROM FOOD, ACCORDING TO STATE LAW. HEAR WHY NEW ORLEANS POLICE ARE
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A Rolla man died Saturday night after being struck by a train near the Phelps County Courthouse.
According to the Rolla Police Department, 53-year-old Phillip J. Montoya was struck by an eastbound Burlington Northern train between the Rolla Street railroad crossing and North Park Street.
The accident occurred around 6:53 p.m.
Montoya died at the scene as a result of injuries he suffered in the accident.
This incident is still under investigation by the RPD's division of criminal investigation and the Phelps County coroner's office.
While investigators were at the scene, all crossings were blocked in town west of the 10th Street bridge.
Location, ST | website.com


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Contents - Previous - Next
3.2 Introduction: oral tradition and oral history
Peter Mazikana and William Moss
1. introduction
The post-Second World War period has brought about a significant expansion in the functions and responsibilities of archival institutions and the archivists who manage them. Against a background of stagnant or diminishing resources, archivists have been called upon to accommodate increasingly large volumes of records, to adapt traditional archival practices and principles to new sources of information and record media, and to cope with rapid technological advances in communications and recordkeeping devices.
The customary archival role of the custodian or keeper of local, state, and central government records has had to be modified and transformed in many ways. This transformation has not been easy, as may be shown by the continuing controversy over the degree of involvement by archivists in the management of current and semi-current records. Archivists in different countries have responded in different ways to the challenges that have arisen. It is not surprising, therefore, that oral tradition and oral history have not received the universal welcome they deserve as legitimate archival endeavours.
There is nothing new in the recording, use, and preservation of oral tradition and oral history. Indeed, individuals and institutions have collected, used, and preserved oral sources and have made those materials available to researchers for years. To a large extent, however, this has been done by university departments, specialized research institutions, or archival units set up specifically to deal with oral sources or sound recordings. For archival institutions at the local, state, and national levels, the novelty lies in the extent to which they are being asked to accept the role of custodians and administrators of this material and the extent to which they are even being asked to assume the entirely unfamiliar and often uncomfortable role of participation in the creation of these records. Whatever the pros and cons of such involvement, there is little doubt that oral tradition and oral history have had and will continue to have increasingly significant impact on archival work, and archivists must be prepared to accommodate and master this material. To do so, however, they must have as full and precise an understanding of oral history and oral tradition as they have of other more familiar archival sources.
Oral tradition and oral history share a common oral nature. While it is deceptively easy to propose distinctions between them, it is more difficult to sustain the differences in practice. There is often much similarity in the ways they are collected, processed, stored, and made available to researchers and in the equipment required to record and preserve these materials. In common practice, both those who concentrate on oral history and those who work with oral tradition belong to a common class of oral historians and share many of the same interests, concerns, and objectives, methods and procedures.
Oral traditions are those recollections of the past, orally transmitted recounted, that arise naturally within and from the dynamics of a culture. They are shared widely throughout the culture by word of mouth even though they may be entrusted to particular people for safekeeping, transmittal, recitation, and narration. They are organic expressions of the identity, purpose, functions, customs, and generational continuity of the culture in which they occur. They happen spontaneously as phenomena of cultural expression. They would exist, and indeed they have existed in the absence of written notes or other more sophisticated recording devices. They are not direct experiences of the narrators, and they must be transmitted by word of mouth to qualify as oral tradition.
Oral history, on the other hand, is usually identified as an activity, a detached and academic process of inquiry into the memories of people who have experienced the recent past directly. This inquiry and the responses it generates are recorded to supplement written records that have been found wanting in some measure for historical analysis. It is a studied, abstract, and analytic practice of historians and other social scientists, and it relies heavily on a recording device, whether manual, mechanical, or electronic.
Oral history owes much to the traditions of Western European historiography. It was developed partly to remedy deficiencies in written records, but it has been viewed by many traditional historians as an undisciplined, rebellious, and perhaps even irresponsible child of documentary history. Rebellious or not, oral history necessarily presumes an existing context of written records, from which prior research identifies major lacunae that may be filled through the recording of testimony by participants and witnesses to the events in question. The product of oral history is subject to textual criticism and content analysis by the same standards that are applied by historians to written documents.
Although oral traditions may be collected as an academic exercise and subsumed under the general umbrella of oral history, in their very nature they have an inherent additional social value in contributing to the social cohesion, dynamic evolution, and durability of the culture they represent. Oral traditions are therefore changed in the very act of recording from dynamic and developing or evolving self-consciousness into fixed and static "snapshots" of the culture at one point in its development. They become abstracted from the process that creates and nurtures them, and in this they necessarily become outdated very rapidly.
Oral traditions are to a large extent identified with societies lacking a written tradition, but they also exist in highly literate societies, even those with impressive archives of written records. Their most important archival function, however, has been in documenting those societies without written records, throwing light on the historical, social, economic, and cultural development of such societies. In many cases it has been the only way in which the past of a society could be reconstructed and recorded in written form for archival preservation.
Oral history became necessary, at least in part, because many historians came to believe that written records were excessively limited to the documentation of a ruling government or elite class, or to a dominant national function such as religion or law. Thus, much social history went unrecorded or was recorded incidental to other purposes which diminished the usefulness of the record for social history. Whole classes of people were poorly represented in great national annals, and the perspective reflected in those annals tended to be highly legalistic, formal, and bureaucratic. Modern historians are seeking to remedy this deficiency in a variety of ways, among them the collection of oral history and oral tradition. Modern institutions, whether commercial, governmental, religious, or social, have come to discover a need for documenting and sharing information beyond the strict confines of records of official transactions. Furthermore, oral history, even at its most studied and academic levels, has begun to discover the importance and use of mythology to rationalize even the most highly sophisticated and deterministic activities of a modern technological society. As in the case of oral traditions, the relationship of a traditional perspective to the social dynamic may be as significant as the evidential value of the contents of oral history for documentation of historical phenomena.
Archives require durable records removed from the direct effect of continuing social development. Archivists must understand that in acquiring oral sources they are participating in a process of transformation from socially dynamic and evolving sources to static and durable records of segments of that process. For the archivist, the distinctions between oral tradition and oral history are important primarily in understanding the provenance of each, and perhaps in developing appraisal criteria for deciding the durability of the value of each for evidential, administrative, or general information needs. The forms in which the archivist encounters them are often remarkably similar, and the distinctions between them are often unimportant in archival management of the physical property of the records once created and deposited in the archives. Handwritten or typed notes and transcripts, magnetic audiotapes, sound motion picture films, and videotapes all may contain oral source records, but the most common for both oral tradition and oral history is magnetic audiotape, often but not necessarily accompanied by a written transcript or schedule of contents of the tape. Each form may record one, two, or several participants, although multiple participants beyond the inquirer-respondent dialogue form in oral history are less common. The inquirer or collector role in recordings of oral tradition is commonly much more reserved, obscure, and self-effacing than in the oral history interview, where the interviewer must act as a catalyst to prompt and challenge the memory of the narrator.
It is crucially important, however, for both oral history and for oral tradition, that the archivist understand that what is given to the archives is a record of an interview or the record of a recounting of an oral tradition; it is not a record of or from the past about which the subject speaks, although it may be an attempt to define or recreate that past. It is a record of an event (an interview, a story-telling, the recitation of an epic poem, etc.) that took place in the recent past, not a surviving relic of that more distant past of which the narrator speaks, even if the information supplied is the only surviving evidence of that past known to exist.
2.0 archival management of the record
2.1 General Archival Concerns
2.1.1 Nature of the Record
It is essential to remember, as noted earlier, that the record produced by the oral history and oral tradition collection process is a recording of an interview or of a narration. It is not, properly speaking, a record of past events, even though those events may be narrated, recited, recollected, reflected upon, examined, and evaluated in the content of the recording. The product indeed may be consulted by historians to seek and find evidence of what took place in the past; but, for archivists "the record" is a record of an interview or narration, or perhaps a conversation among several people, that took place in a time and perhaps in a place well removed from the events discussed or narrated. So long as the archivist managing oral history and oral tradition records maintains this perspective the administration of these records may be orderly and precise. Without it there may well be considerable confusion.
2.1.2 Appraisal of the Record
The archivist must, however, appraise each oral history or oral tradition record on the merits of its contents as well as on provenance, just as must be done with other kinds of records. Standard application of archival judgment as to the intrinsic value of the material and to primary and secondary values, administrative and historical values, evidential and informational values, and enduring or permanent values of an item for future use all must be addressed for oral history and oral tradition materials just as for traditional written records.
2.1.3 Provenance of the Record
Oral history and oral tradition records, like all other records, are created by a process, and sound archival management requires an understanding of that process and the provenance of each item accessioned. These records may be created by archival institutions when they deliberately conduct interviews and record oral traditions to supplement or remedy deficiencies in existing archives. They may be created by government agencies as inquiries into their own histories, or as inquiries into the histories of people, places, organizations, functions, or programmes over which they had jurisdiction or responsibility. For instance, some colonial governments conducted extensive inquiries into tribal histories searching for resolutions of tribal boundary and chieftainship disputes. The records may be created by semi private or private agencies under contract to government agencies for the same purposes. They may be created entirety in the private sector by scholars, educational and research institutions, business corporations, social and religious institutions and associations, and so on, and these records may at some time be acquired by an archival institution. Each of these kinds of records may be subject to different requirements of administration depending on their provenance and their status under the laws, customs, and political circumstances of the nation in which they were collected and the nation in whose archival institutions they may be deposited. In some cases, archivists may have to deal with records created in one country and deposited in another, or with records shared by two or more countries having common interests in the records. However, archivists have also encountered this problem occasionally in the matter of traditional written records.
2.1.4 Form of the Record
As previously noted, the most common form of an oral source record is a magnetic audiotape, but the archivist may encounter oral sources in any medium capable of reproducing the sounds of spoken voice or representing speech in written words and symbols. Each form of record or medium presents its own requirements and problems for storage, preservation, retrieval, and reference use. Therefore, although it is clearly essential to establish intellectual and administrative control according to provenance of the material, it may also be necessary to establish controls based on the form of the record and its use. A motion picture film with narration in an obscure and unfamiliar language presents a whole different set of requirements from an audiotape in the local language, and must be handled accordingly.
2.1.5 Ownership and Consent
Depending on the laws and customs of the country and culture involved, it may be necessary for the archivist to be sure that ownership rights and rights of use are properly respected. In some countries there is a strong sense of proprietary right of the person interviewed or the person narrating to the intellectual property of his memory and to the formulated response to the collecting inquiry, whether for oral history or oral tradition. In some cultures, memory is integral to personality and to the soul of the individual, and the recording of spoken memoirs for use by others may be considered a kind of spiritual theft. Whether the proprietary rights are grounded in custom, religion, economic property, or law, the archival manager is required to demonstrate that the interview or narration is recorded, acquired, and used in keeping with prevailing requirements of the nation concerned. This requires in many cases establishment and documentation of the voluntary consent of the person interviewed or recorded. In some cases consent may be implied sufficiently in the very act of participation. Other situations may require more sophisticated, elaborate, and formal legal documentation to record an agreement and consent to the process and transfer of material.
2.1.6 Restrictions
Closely related to the issue of proprietary rights is the question of restrictions on use of oral history and oral tradition recordings. For the most part, restrictions on the use of these records are exactly parallel to restrictions on other types of records. It is not uncommon for oral history and oral tradition materials to be restricted entirely or in part for a period of time after being deposited in an archival institution. The restrictions may be imposed by governments as a matter of law or regulation, or perhaps by those interviewed and recorded as a condition of agreement to the recording in the first place. The reasons for restriction normally have to do with personal privacy, mutual confidentiality, or national security. Secrecy of group rites, as in fraternal and religious orders or secret societies may also be involved. Material may also become sensitive overnight in the shifting fortunes of political powers within a country. It is important to the proper administration of oral source materials, as with any other records, that such restrictions be stated explicitly so that management of them may be unambiguously carried out and may be consistent over time. It is preferable that a specific term of months or years be placed on such restrictions whenever possible so that materials may be made available automatically at the end of the term without need for further negotiation. Restricted materials must, of course, be identified clearly and segregated from materials open to research so as to prevent abridgment of restriction agreements and to prevent the damage that might be done to all parties by premature public use.
2.1.7 Arrangement
Since the provenance of oral sources may vary widely, and since their forms may also vary widely, the question of arrangement is an important one. Two common forms of arrangement may be found in most repositories. One is arrangement that is strictly by provenance. That is, no matter what the form of the record, oral history and oral tradition records are kept with and administered together with all other records from the same source. A collection of oral records from one source may, for instance, become a series within that source's record group or fond. A single oral history interview or oral tradition recording may be no more than a folder or file unit within a series, and may be administered exactly like any other records in that group and series.
The second most common form of arrangement is for an archival institution to create a separate sub-archives for all oral history or oral tradition materials, not unlike separate sub-archives often created for photographic materials or "machine-readable" records. The management of one of these sub-archives is more complex than management of the materials by strict provenance arrangement. Within the sub-archives or "oral history collections" the arrangement is often by provenance, and materials from the same source may be grouped into "collections" or "series" within a collection of related oral source materials.
But, arrangement may also be by a master subject classification, not unlike that employed for books in libraries. Indeed, libraries that have acquired oral history materials often treat them as bibliographic items and classify and catalogue them according to the prevailing bibliographic classification system in use. Furthermore, a basic decision must be made at the outset, even though the special sub-archives has been created to hold oral source materials. There still may be cases in which the overwhelming interest of the material lies more properly with a parent fond of other forms of record, and the integrity of the fond may demand that an item or items remain there. When material is removed from its parent fond and placed elsewhere, whether for preservation with similar physical materials or for inclusion in an oral sources sub-archives, it is essential to prepare cross-reference descriptions for placement in both the original file location and in the new location so that intellectual control by provenance can be maintained. The obvious benefit of the alternative of placing all oral sources together in a sub-archives is that they share many of the same problems of storage, preservation, and reference access, so common procedures can be applied to all such materials by one staff skilled in those procedures and the materials can be stored on shelving and in containers most suitable to their preservation and use.
2.1.8 Transcription
Yet another consideration arising out of the issues of form and arrangement is whether the archival institution should maintain oral records solely in their original sound recording form or "found state," or if all such materials should be transcribed into written form like other principal records. The original sound recording is, of course, the best available record of what occurred in the interview or narration, and it must be considered "the record" properly speaking. One school of thought argues that it is the responsibility of the archivist to maintain that original record, and that the archivist should not further interpose interpretive judgment between the record and the future user by transcribing a text from the sound recording. This argument has much to recommend it. Any step away from the original recording must necessarily sacrifice something of accuracy, fidelity, completeness, and evidential value. Not even the most sophisticated and complex system of written language and symbols is sufficient for absolute fidelity to the original recording. Any transcription must necessarily be something of a translation or interpretation.
Nevertheless, there is another school of thought that requires some consideration. If transcription is done shortly after the interview or recording takes place, if the one who transcribes the recording is well-versed in the topics and subjects that are discussed or narrated, and if the participants in the recording have an opportunity to review the transcript and make corrections, then many inevitable errors of ambiguity in the speech recording may be resolved accurately for the benefit of future scholars. It is not uncommon for several different people to hear quite different words when listening to the same ambiguous passage on a recording. When voices overlap, where background noises intrude, or where the speech characteristics of the speaker are not familiar such differences of interpretation are difficult to resolve. It is also argued, with somewhat less force and conviction, that researchers being accustomed to reading instead of listening will more readily use transcripts than tapes, and that tapes should be maintained primarily for resolving ambiguities and uncertainties discovered in transcript texts.
Still another not insignificant consideration for archival management is that transcription is a slow, labour intensive, and therefore expensive process. The transcriber must develop a special knowledge and understanding of the matters in an interview so that specialized terminology will be understood and transcribed properly. Extreme accuracy requires many hours of patient listening, writing (or typing), and correction, often by several different people for the same item. Experience shows that not even the most carefully prepared and proofread transcript is without at least some errors or instances where there may be honest differences of opinion about the proper transcription of at least some words and phrases. In some languages, of course, the ambiguity of spoken language is greater than in others, and a transcript may be essential to discern which of two or three identical spoken words is actually intended. The transcription of oral tradition can also present a particularly thorny problem when archaic words or usages are encountered, or when the tradition has reinterpreted earlier forms of the language in conformity with prevailing usages. [Note that in a related phenomenon, social science survey research has discovered that it is not enough to ask the same question repeatedly over time to achieve the basis for comparative analysis because the very meanings and universe of allusions invoked by specific words change over time, so responses later may have very different significance from earlier ones to the same questions.] his may put a higher premium on transcription, or it may convince archival managers to forego transcription altogether because of costs or the difficulty of assuring accurate transcription.
Archival managers must also be wary of the accuracy of transcriptions arriving in their institutions from other sources. Very often transcripts are done for immediate purposes that have little to do with the very high standards of accuracy and fidelity demanded of an archival institution. The source or agency of transcription should always be identified clearly for all such donated materials so that the archival institution holding them is not held responsible for inaccuracies, and so that researchers may themselves judge the significance of transcribed renderings in light of their provenance.
2.1.9 Preservation
Preservation required for oral source recordings depends on the form of record (magnetic tape, paper, phonograph disk, motion picture film, wire recording, videodisk, etc.). The preservation requirements and methods for these varied forms of oral records are the same as for any other records in the same forms, and the same quality standards should apply. As noted earlier, the better the quality of the original recording, the better will be subsequent reproductions of the record. For this reason, many programmes make two copies of the original tape so that the original may be reserved and not used for further reproduction except in extreme emergencies. Both duplicate copies are made directly from the original, and are as exact and complete reproductions of the original as possible. They are placed on open-reel tape at a fast recording speed, and the tape should meet the specifications detailed elsewhere. One of the two copies is reserved as a "production master" and is used primarily to make further reference use copies in the future. The second copy is used as the first reference copy for use in transcription and general public reference. The original tape should be labelled clearly as "original" and it should be removed to a secure storage location separate from the main archives. The production master should be labelled "production master" and the reference copy should be labelled "reference copy." They should be stored in separate locations so they will not be mistaken for each other or used interchangeably, and so that if one becomes damaged, the other may survive. Many repositories use compact cassettes for the reference copies because of the greater ease in handling, for their relatively lower cost, and because of the protection of the tape from direct handling. Some minor loss of sound quality must, of course, be expected when cassettes are used.
2.2 Receipt and Administrative Control
If oral history and oral tradition materials are received as an integral part of a major records accession, then they are treated as part of that accession. The standard practices of the repository with respect to accessioning and administrative control should apply.
When repositories undertake their own oral history and oral tradition collecting programmes, however, or when separate sub-archives for oral history or oral tradition materials are established, certain additional records and procedures are required for accessioning and administrative control.
2.2.1 Basic Identification
Both intellectual and administrative control require certain basic elements of identification for each oral history and oral tradition basic unit. The basic unit for oral history or oral tradition is the interview session or recording session. The basic unit may be simple or complex. Simple units are composed of one audiotane on which one source is recorded at one particular place and time. Complex basic units may consist of several tapes covering one long recording session with the same respondent/informant, or perhaps several sessions with the same respondent/informant on several different occasions for the same project. The basic unit is defined according to provenance by each unique source, but it may be further defined by time and place of recording session and the project for which recording was done. When an individual recording session is recorded on two or more tapes, the same identifying information applies to all tapes from that session. Tapes from different sessions that are recorded at different times and places with the same respondent or informant will vary in their basic identification with respect to date, place, and perhaps interviewer/researcher.
Unfortunately, records received into an archival institution from other institutions or agencies may lack some or all of the basic information elements. When they do, it is necessary to discover as many of the elements as rapidly as possible for the best chances for good intellectual and administrative control. It is from these basic elements that all other records of receipt and processing can be developed and finding aids developed. Therefore, institutions receiving oral source material from outside agencies should conduct inquiries to learn as many of the elements as possible and as accurately as possible from the creators or creating agency that conducted the project in the first place.
2.2.2 Register of Recordings Received
Since some interviews or oral tradition recordings may be accessioned under their parent record groups, and since some recordings (notably those created by the archival institution itself are accessioned individually and may not be formally accessioned until processing is completed and a corrected transcript approved for deposit, it is prudent archival management to have a register of recordings received into the institution or oral sources sub-archive. The register is a consecutive record of each interview or recording session brought into the archives, and it is the means by which a receipt serial number or control number is assigned to each item to identify it and track it throughout processing and future use. The register should contain sufficient information to distinguish the recording unit from all others and to provide summary data for reports on receipts and production over time.
When the receipt serial number is assigned it should also be recorded on the tape containers and in the main file of correspondence. Upon receipt and on completion of the necessary basic information and register entry, each tape received should be placed in a file of tapes awaiting processing. The arrangement of tapes should be in receipt serial number order so the next tape selected for processing is the oldest one in the file. Tapes brought into the oral sources sub-archives from other record groups for processing or permanent administration should be handled in the same manner except that their parent record group, series, and file location should be noted on the tape container and receipt register.
2.3 Processing the Record
There are many degrees of processing that may be applied to oral history and oral tradition record units. For purposes of this study three representative levels have been selected and they are described below, but readers should understand that there are many intermediate levels and that the three levels described are not mutually exclusive. Archivists may choose to process only to the first level described, to the second, to the third, all three, or combinations and intermediate stages between, depending on local requirements and resources. Decisions can be made on the basis of needs of researchers and archivists as well as on economy of local resources.
2.3.1 Preservation Processing and Minimum Description
The basic identification elements provide initial description of each basic record unit, but to be effective they must be complete and of confirmed accuracy. Further, a modest amount of preservation processing should take place and a summary description of the unit information contents is needed before the unit is ready for reference use. The following steps are necessary to initial preservation and minimal description.
1) The tape or tapes of a single recording session (record unit) must be taken from the file of received tapes and the basic information elements must be checked for accuracy and completeness. Errors and omissions should be corrected at this time if at all possible.
2) The tape is then copied onto two additional tapes (or sets of tapes in the case of multiple-tape units). The best means is through the use of a real-time copier that can produce several copies simultaneously so that there is only one running of the original tape; however, any available means of copying will suffice. Care must be taken to assure that the playback portion of the machinery is not placed in the "RECORD" mode or position so as to avoid erasure (wiping) of the original. When copying is completed, each tape should be identified with the same information that is on the original tape (basic identification elements and receipt serial number, and when appropriate the parent record group identification). The original tape should also be marked "original" and retired to a safe remote storage location. One copy should be labelled "production master" and reserved elsewhere in the archives for use in future copying. The other copy should be marked "reference copy" and placed in receipt serial number order in a file of tapes awaiting further processing.
3) The reference copy of the tape or tapes is then listened to and a brief narrative summary of the entire contents of the recording unit is drafted, reviewed, and prepared in approved final copy. In the absence of further processing, this brief summary must stand as the basic finding aid to that particular record unit, so it must be completely representative and yet as concise as possible. The basic identification elements and receipt serial number should be added to this narrative, either as a heading, or as an appendix depending on local preference.
The record unit may at this point be considered "processed" through the minimum level necessary for reasonable administrative, intellectual, and reference control. However, it is also necessary at this point to separate those record units having restrictions from those that may be opened to research without restriction. Restricted tapes and summaries should be placed in a separate, secure, storage location within the archives, and their locations should be noted by a reference to the receipt serial number in the main correspondence file and in other processing files and records kept by the institution.
2.3.2 Schedule of Contents
In order to avoid the lengthy delays and high costs of transcription, many oral history and oral tradition programmes prepare a sequential list of topics covered on each tape. This may be a very simple list of topics in the sequential order of their occurrence on the tape, or it may also be keyed to a time schedule of the playing of the tape to suggest the approximate location of each subject on the tape. In some more sophisticated processing procedures a dual track tape may be used, with a standard time signal entered onto one track while the other track carries the basic recording. In this way the keying of content descriptions can be more precisely matched to locations on the tapes for ready reference. Of course, a stereophonic (two-track) playback machine is essential to make effective use of this device.
2.3.3 Transcription
Transcription is the highest level of processing for sound recordings. It requires highly concentrated, skilled, and patient work to produce a reliable written text that is very faithful to the spoken words as recorded and yet that is very readable. It is much harder to understand speech when one cannot see the speaker and when one is not engaged in direct conversation with that speaker. Dialects, archaisms, changes in voice levels, imperfect pronunciations, interruptions, the overriding of voices speaking simultaneously, background noises, internal machine noise of the recording or playback equipment, poor quality of sound on the tape, and other factors all contribute to frustrate precise and accurate translation of spoken language into written language. Furthermore, spoken language often does not obey the grammatical structure or punctuation of written language, and transcribers must be innovative in sentence structure and paragraphing in order to maintain fidelity to the original and yet maintain readability. The transcriber does not have, however, the freedom of the reporter to comprehend the gist and intent of a statement and to translate what is actually said into what clearly was meant or intended. The transcriber must write down precisely what was said, with little or no interpretation beyond punctuation and paragraphing. The very placement of a comma in a sentence can change the meaning, so a transcriber must be very, very careful.
Therefore, transcribing should not be undertaken unless a programme has the resources to do it well, or unless the ultimate use of the recording absolutely requires a transcript. Moreover, both programme managers and future users must understand that a transcript is actually only a highly sophisticated finding aid to the true record, which is the tape itself.
It is preferable that transcription take place soon after the recording so that participants in the recording may be appeared to for clarification where transcription may be uncertain and the tape itself ambiguous. It is also an advantage if those who do the transcription are themselves well-educated in the topics of discussion so that they recognize and identify and can transcribe properly any specialized terminology and references to obscure names.
The basic process of transcribing appears deceptively simple. A person listens to a tape while simultaneously writing down or typing what is heard, verbatim, including representation of non-verbal exclamations and interjections, notations of intrusions, laughter, coughing, sneezing, and so forth. Occasionally when there is something like music on the tape in the midst of a narrative recitation, the transcriber may have to identify the tune or the song being sung, or perhaps to annotate its tune by title or analogy rather than in musical notes. Most transcription is done in typewritten copy, but some more sophisticated programmes are beginning to use electronic word processors (personal or small business computers) because of the capability of making corrections rapidly before print-out copy is prepared.
Since transcription is an uncertain process, each draft transcript should be reviewed by at least one person other than the transcriber. Difficult recordings may require several reviews. The reviewer (or "editor") is actually a proofreader who listens to the tape and makes corrections to the draft transcript in order to make it as faithful a representation of the spoken words as possible. When this review is completed, the transcript must be identified with the basic identification elements for that record unit, including the receipt serial number and the identification of the parent record qroup where appropriate.
2.4 Tape or Transcript Review
2.4.1 Oral History
Many oral history programmes offer the people who have been interviewed an opportunity to review the tape or transcript prior to formal donation of the item and accessioning into the archives. There are several reasons offered to justify this policy. The person interviewed may have insisted on the right of review as a condition of agreement to being interviewed. There may be omissions in the interview that the respondent, upon further reflection, may want to add as an appendix or in follow-up interviewing. There may be transcriber errors, ambiguities, or omissions in a transcript that the respondent may be able to correct or remedy. It is also believed to offer the respondent an opportunity to be more thoughtful and complete about the quality and validity of the testimony presented in the record.
Some who practice oral history are vigorously opposed to this practice. They insist that the integrity of the original record is important and that it is compromised by any such review since the respondent may wish to revise objectionable or infelicitous parts. Some people, also, are appalled at the peculiar quality of their spoken composition because it compares so unfavorably with carefully crafted written prose, and this may sour them on the whole process of oral history and discourage further cooperation with the programme.
There is also some difference of opinion among oral historians about the corrected transcript. Some programmes retype the transcript entirely, incorporating the respondent's corrections. Others maintain the first typewritten transcript with the handwritten changes of the respondent. History and total accuracy doubtless argue for the latter as the preferable document, and archivists would agree that such an item is the best written record of the meaning and intent of the respondent. It permits the reader of a transcript to discover places of ambiguity or uncertainty and to concentrate attention on those areas in listening to the audiotape for better understanding and interpretation.
2.4.2 Oral Tradition
Oral traditions are sometimes recorded in remote villages and often among people for whom a transcript review would be meaningless. It may also be that at the end of a field trip there is little prospect of returning to the area of recording. In such cases it becomes imperative to review the recording soon after the recording has taken place and to thrash out with informants any ambiguities, archaisms, or points of detail. As these corrections and emendations will likely be in the form of written notes by the researcher/collector, they should form part of the record and be explanatory to the tape recording as well as to any transcript of the recording.
2.5 Accessioning
By commonly accepted archival standards, accessioning is the act of achieving both physical custody and legal dominion and control over records so that the archival institution becomes not only keeper but also owner, administrator, and arbiter of use of the materials acquired. In oral history and oral tradition materials, as may be the case with certain other records and often is with personal manuscripts taken into an archival institution, accessioning may be conditional. The institution may agree, as a condition of acquiring the material, to administer it according to certain laws and regulations of the parent government or agency of origin, or to terms and conditions expressed by the agency, institution, or person that transferred the materials to the repository for permanent deposit and administration. As noted previously, when oral source material is brought into an archival institution as an integral part of a record group that includes a variety of kinds of materials, the accessioning of the whole incoming body of material covers all its parts, including the oral material, and no further accessioning action should be required unless there is uncertainty about the transferring agency's rights and title to the material in the first place.
When oral recordings are acquired independently of other transfers or donations, as in cases where archival institutions themselves do the interviewing or recording, acquiring the material consists of two quite separate acts. One is the physical acquisition of the real property of the recorded tape. This is done by accomplishing the recording by an employee of the archival institution and the return of the tape to that institution for deposit and processing. The second step is an agreement between the person or persons recorded and the institution, in which formal donation of the intellectual content of the recording is documented. This transfer agreement varies widely in character and practice. It may be a relatively simple act, incorporated orally into the recording itself, in which the intent to donate is spoken and recorded at the beginning or end of the interview or narration. However, it may be that local customs or laws may require a much more formal documentation such as a written deed to establish the donation of both real and intangible property to the institution.
In any case, the prudent archival manager must be satisfied that the institution is fully entitled to exercise control over the recording before it is accessioned. The accessioning may be conditional, as noted, and a condition of accessioning may require seal or restriction of the recording, or parts of it, for a time according to law or to the wishes of the respondent. But, so long as the conditions are clear and according to local law, they should not impede accessioning.
Once documentation of the transfer is established satisfactorily, the material may be added to the regular accession register of the institution, just like any other accession. Normally, all recording sessions with one person or from one source are accessioned as a unit by provenance. Therefore, a single accession may be represented by several receipt serial numbers in the records of the institution. If a group of recordings collected by another agency is brought into the archives under a single transfer agreement, all those interviews or recordings should be regarded as one accession, even though there might be rrany individual interviews or recordings in the whole body of material received.
It should also be mentioned that when oral tradition material is recorded, the informants may be unable to comprehend the issues of intellectual ownership and content as distinct from the physical property of the recording. It may be and often is assumed that consent to record implies donation of both the physical property (where appropriate) and the intellectual content to the person doing the recording or to the institution sponsoring the project. In practice, this issue is rarely raised with oral tradition informants. However, there have been occasions on which well-organized and relatively sophisticated ethnic groups, realizing the benefits that may accrue to the group producing the oral tradition for the record, require that any proceeds from the sales of books or other works dependent upon the recording should be shared in by the group or by its representative council or other responsible agency acting for the group.
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text:
Posted: Mon Oct 06, 2008 11:06 pm
Post subject: colick an going it alone
Hi my 6 week old son has colick, not bad, just for about an hour at usually 8pm every night, i was using nfacol, but have just started using gripe water, someone told me i can use infacol b4 feeding and gripe water after a feed...does anyone know if this is the case?
I know i am lucky with the time of night it happens and short duration, but its still stressful seeing him in pain!
Also i am doing this on my own an find it hard to leave him crying, and as he seems to love being held i dont want to make a rod for my back!! I have got him an electronic swing which sometimes keeps him entertained other times he just screams blue murder till i cuddle him!
Anyone got any suggestions for keeping him amused whilst i get things done round the house would be appriciated..
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2008 10:33 am
Post subject:
i haven't got one but a lot of people recommend then slings which carries baby around with you while you do things...
I'm not sure about using gripe water and infacol, i can't really see the point in it as they are designed to do the both thing so it's like giving your baby calpol and tixylix when they do the same job?


text:
Erwin, NC - While Linda Mason was in a Chapel Hill hospital for cancer treatment, someone broke into her Erwin home. The thief stole food, bed linens, decorations… even the Christmas tree! Now, stealing Christmas from a cancer patient is bad enough - but when the thief is the patient's daughter, it's even worse. Heather Mason Calderon, 35, was arrested Monday and charged with the crime.
Whatever possessed Calderon to break into her mother's home and steal everything? Food I can kind of understand. Many's the time I've popped in on my loving parents' kitchen for a meal or three. But sheets? Decorations? The Christmas tree?
Did she slither and slink with a smile most unpleasant? Did she go 'round the room and steal every present? Because clearly she didn't stop until she stole her mom's feast. She stole her mom's pudding! She stole her roast beast! She took all the food and the linens with glee. "And now," grinned the daughter, "I'll stuff up the tree!"
I know. Dr. Seuss is appalled. So am I.
Heather Mason Calderon is charged with felony breaking and entering to commit larceny. Unfortunately, there's not an additional Grinch charge for stealing her cancer patient mother's Christmas decorations. And get this, denizens - when Calderon was arrested, police served an outstanding warrant for… you guessed it! More breaking and entering!
Yeah, this one's a real winner. I'm sorry your daughter is a complete loser, Mrs. Mason. I hope you get well soon, and have a little bit of a merry Christmas anyway. Heather Calderon is being held in the Harnett County Jail on $12,000 bond.
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text:
Agility: The Name of the Game
What is agile development?
Agile development is a term used for iterative and/or incremental software development methodologies. Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum, Lean Development are a few methodologies associated with agile development. Even though each of these methodologies are different, they all share a common core definition – the Agile Manifesto. With this method, software development occurs in iterations. Continuous feedback is gathered from users and this is then used to fine-tune the development process.
Why is agile the buzz word?
- It establishes a feedback loop. Software is being developed in smaller chunks and it is delivered to customers in a short time frame. They give you feedback and then the team can use this feedback to fine-tune the product and development process.
- It encourages innovation. Another advantage is setting the product and team for innovation. Unlike waterfall where the delivery cycle is longer, with agile you get a chance to do proof of concept and then chances to tweak and improve. Organizations don't have to wait months or years to know if they are meeting customers needs or not. Organizations get a chance to create what the users want and would love to use.
- Efficient, shorter delivery cycles. Lean looks at creating efficient processes without too much wastage. Agile looks at high-quality, customer-defined products. With these two tools in hand, oranizations can now create high-quality products with the highest efficiency and shorter delivery cycles.
What does it mean to go agile?
It's not a phase or a temporary solution. Agile is a phenomenon, culture, and language. Organizations have to adopt it as a way of life: agile living. The other thing to remember here is that agile does not mean throwing everything one has been doing out the door. Agile living means being able to create processes that can accommodate and respond to change: change in market, change in need, change in customers, change in products, etc. What really needs to happen is organizations have to take a close look at existing processes, eliminate redundancies, waste, and rework. The focus should be doing the right thing the first time and involving end users.
Another big focus should be on collaboration. Teams have to work closely to get the job done right and efficiently. Like the agile manifesto mentions, the focus should be on people and not processes. Getting a successful product out the door is important, and this cannot happen without customer collaboration.
In short, agile gives you tools to be ready for change, to be flexible, and efficient in order to deliver a product to customers that is high-quality.
Are you agile?
Agility is not easy and it expects us to throw our traditional and fundamental methodologies thinking out the door. We cannot expect teams to just pick it up and run with it. Teams needs training and support; they will have to learn as they go; and it's easy to fail or fall the first couple of times. Also, agile is not for everybody and it might be harder on some teams to adopt than others. Agile has many flavors and organizations might have to let the teams choose a flavor depending on what works for them. Remember – agile is a way of life and one doesn't change life in a day or so.