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Pharmacokinetics (Drug Disposition)
Drug Absorption, Distribution and Elimination
Get a mental picture of what's going on "inside". (Think about anatomy and histology in terms of "how things work.")
Drugs MUST have some ability to dissolve in WATER to move around (be absorbed, reach sites of action). In almost all cases, drugs must also have a certain degree of lipid solubility to move around (leave and enter capillaries, enter and leave cells).Solubility is a preference not an absolute. "Water Soluble", "Lipid Soluble"
Drug effects are USUALLY proportional (though not always linear) to drug concentration at the site of action.
Drug concentrations in the blood stream (measured in either serum or plasma) are USUALLY proportional (and usually linear) to drug concentrations at the site of action.
Drug concentration in the blood stream is ALMOST ALWAYS an excellent predictor of drug action (either efficacy or toxicity) even though they may not be identical to the concentration in the target tissue.
Pharmacokinetics are the consequence of physiologic processes (that may or may not be altered by disease)."Species differences in pharmacokinetics are the PRIMARY difference between Veterinary pharmacology and Human pharmacology". Disease-induced differences are the PRIMARY difference between basic and clinical pharmacology.Do you understand proportional? linear? equillibrium?
Routes of Administration (Drug Absorption)
General Principles
Drugs dissolve in body fluid (water).
Drugs enter the circulatory system as fluid enters the circulatory system.
Drugs must enter the circulatory system before they can be distributed to sights of action.
(Drugs for enteric effects are an obvious exception.)
Therefore, drugs are not IN the body until they are IN the bloodstream.
Oral Administration
Convenient, cheap, no need for sterilization, variety of dose forms(fast release tablets, capsules, enteric coated, layered tablets, slow release, suspensions, mixtures)
You can get the dose back if you move fast enough.
Variability due to physiology, feeding, disease, etc.
Intractable patients
First-pass effect
Efficiently metabolized drugs eliminated by the liver before they reach the systemic circulation.
Table 1: Location of processes involved in the absorption of oral drugs.
Patient and Pharmaceutical Factors
Pill compression, coatings, suspending agents, etc.
GI transit time (too slow or too fast), inflammation, malabsorption syndromes
Regional differences
mechanical preparation
"flat" absorptive surface
ĀpH extreme
stratified squamous epithelium
pH varies with diet
metabolism by bacterial flora
significant volume of fluid compared to body water
Small Intestine
large absorptive surface
specialized absorptive functions
relatively neutral pH
large absorptive surface
Intramuscular Administration
More consistent absorption than oral or sub-cutaneous (below)
Depot or sustained effect possible (procaine penicillin G, methylprednisolone acetate, desoxycorticosterone pivalate)
Administration to unconscious, vomiting or fractious patients
Certainty of administration
More difficult for owners (small patients)
Muscle Damage
Dose cannot be recovered.
ANY of these processes can be "rate limiting" for absorption.
- Drug in suspension dissolves in tissue fluid (drug in solution only has to MIX with the tissue fluid).
- Drug in tissue fluid solution diffuses into capillaries
- Drug (in solution) in capillaries is carried to circulatory system.
Bolus injection roughly spherical
water soluble vehicle mixes with tissue fluid for rapid absorption. The drug is already dissolved in "water", so dissolution in tissue fluid is not rate-limiting. Entry of drug into circulatory system limited (only) by rate of blood flow to the tissue.blood flow varies by body region/muscle group, so exercise may affect absorption rate
lipid soluble vehicle The bolus remains relatively spherical. Mixing and dissolution in tissue fluid occurs from surface of bolus, so entry of drug into circulatory system limited by rate of drug "dissolution". (Movement from the "bolus" to the tissue fluid).Occasionally, vehicle may be absorbed more rapidly than drug. Then the drug "falls" out of solution in the tissue and dissolves very slowly.
Produces tissue residues
Reduces effect
Patient and Pharmaceutical Factors
Drug and vehicle solubility
pH extremes
Regional blood flow variability
Subcutaneous Administration
Can be given by the owner (small patients)
Vasoconstrictor can be added to prolong effect at site of interest
Much like intramuscular (though the architecture of the tissue is much different)
Patient and Pharmaceutical Factors
More autonomic control over blood flow (than muscle)
dehydration, heat, cold, stress
IF systemic therapy - easy painless application (e.g., mass medication of cattle)
IF skin therapy - reduced systemic effects / enhanced skin effects
Patients groom themselves (topically applied, orally absorbed)
Toxic skin reactions
Variable blood flow to skin
COMPLEX relationship between drug, vehicle, skin physiology
Diffusion through stratified epithelium
"Passage" through adnexal structures
Patient and Pharmaceutical Factors
Lipid solubility and molecule size
Skin hydration and abrasion
Area of application
Ambient and patient temperature
Be suspicious of topical formulations from compounding pharmacies. SEE:Hoffman SB, Yoder AR, Trepanier LA. Bioavailability of transdermal methimazole in a pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) in healthy cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Jun;25(3):189-93.
Vehicle effects
"like" vehicles retain drug on skin surface(e.g., aqueous drug in aqueous vehicle, lipid drug in lipid vehicle)
drugs in "unlike" vehicles leave the vehicle to move to skin(e.g, aqueous drug in lipid suspension, lipid drug in aqueous suspension)
Larger absorptive surface area than IM / Subcutaneous
Drugs or vehicles may cause peritonitis
Damage to organs by needles
Injection into organs
Similar to subcutaneous
Greater blood flow
Less flow regulation
Patient and Pharmaceutical Factors
Generally restricted to laboratory animals
Direct delivery to site of action
Difficult dose calculationCSF volume is not proportional to body weight
Toxicity likely, and toxicity may be unusual
Introduce infection into a VERY bad location.
Absorption is usually by diffusion and very slow
Direct delivery to site of action. High concentrations can be produced in the joint.
It may be difficult to hit the joint space depending on the species (size of joint space).
Difficult dose calculationJoint space volume depends on disease
Recommended doses tend to be larger than necessary.
Irritation of joint surfaces/capsule (chemical effects, biochemical/physiologic effects.)
Introduce infection. (PSGAG - Adequan® - injections now generally get "antimicrobial chaser".)
Joint "flushes" don't count.
Absorption from the site to systemic circulation is variable but often quite fast. Systemic concentrations of the drug may be produced. Effects in joint may not persist. (Drug and dose form dependent)
Produce extremely high concentrations "pointed at" (this is not really targeting) the tissue of interest. Used primarily for anti-tumor therapy and infectious disease therapy when blood supply is questionable.
Dose calculation is best guess.
Intra-arterial lines difficult to insert/maintain.
Dosing is still really systemic.
Limited number of efficacy studies (especially in animals)
Produce AND SUSTAIN high blood-to-tissue gradient to increase tissue concentrations of drug. Requires sustained infusion or application of tourniquet following bolus dosing.
Per rectum
Access to GI abosption in unconscious or vomiting patients
Drug can be recovered before absorption is complete
Animals may not willingly retain the drug
As for oral without mechanical preparation by stomach
Drug Distribution
Physiologic "spaces" (Figure)
Vascular space (plasma / plasma water + RBC's)
There is also "tissue space"
~ 7% of body weight
between water and various plasma / serum proteins
between ionized and unionized drug
between plasma and cells
Distribution in 10 to 30 minutes (mixing)
Extracellular Space (exists in both vascular and tissue spaces)
~ 15 - 20% ofĀ body weight
includes extracellular fluid in bloodstream (plasma)
between water and proteins
between ionized and unionized drug
Distribution in 30 minutes to 1.5 hours
Intracellular space (exists in both vascular and tissue spaces)
~ 35 - 45% of body weight
between ionized and unionized drug
intracellular pH different (lower) than extracellular
Distribution in 30 minutes to 12+ hours
Reserved spaces
Special barriers between plasma and tissue fluid
aqueous humor
prostatic fluid
Distribution in minutes to never
Movement between spaces
Vascular space (extracellular) to tissue (extracellular) space
Endothelial junctions with inflammation
Diffusion through endothelial cell membranes
Carried in cells or on proteins in very special circumstances
Extracellular space (of tissue) to intracellular space (of tissue)
Diffusion through lipid bilayer of cells
Vascular extracellular space to vascular intracellular space (drugs can move into RBCs and WBCs)
Diffusion through lipid bilayer of cells
WBCs may actively acquire certain drugs
Diffusion limited distribution
Diffusion is usually slow (relative to mixing and distribution within vascular system)
Tissue distribution of the drug controlled by the ability of the drug to diffuse into the tissue
Blood flow limited distribution
Diffusion can be VERY rapid
Tissue distribution of the drug controlled by the rate of drug delivery to the tissue (total mg/minute) which is controlled by blood flow / gram of tissue
Brain and liver concentration rise faster than muscle or fat
Enterohepatic circulation
How does it work?
Drug or itÆs Phase II conjugate excreted in bile
Drug reabsorbed or Conjugate cleaved by bacteria and drug reabsorbed
What does it mean?
Elimination rate for drug is lower in spite of efficient hepatic metabolism / secretion
Volume of distribution of the drug is higher
Why do you care?
Interrupt to improve drug elimination
Insecticide poisonings, phenobarbital overdoses, etc.
Mammary excretion
How does it work?
Non-ionic Diffusion (lipid solubility and size dependence)
Inflammation reduces barriers to penetration (masititis)
Ion trapping
normal milk pH = 6.6 (slightly acidic versus blood).
Mastitic milk pH is slightly higher
Why do you care?
May affect treatment of some bacterial infections of the mammary gland
Nursing animals may be exposed to toxic concentrations of drug in the milk.
Salivary excretion
How does it work?
Non-ionic diffusion into salivary secretions
Drug in saliva passes into GI tract
What does it mean?
Recycle certain drugs like enteroheptic circulation (prolonged elimination)
Trap certain drugs in the rumen pH dependent (enhanced elimination)
Little effect on elimination possible
Drug Elimination
Conversion of a drug entity to a metabolite
Usually inactivates the drug
generally reduces drug activity
MAY activate the drug
Major route of elimination for lipid soluble and protein bound drugs (because other routes are not efficient).
Chemical mechanisms
Oxidation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, reduction, conjugation (acetylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, etc.)
Efficiency (rate)
Metabolic activity for a specific drug
Blood flow to the organ
Health of the organ and health of the circulatory system
Organs involved
Liver (most important for most drugs)
Lungs (especially for autocoids)
Biliary excretion
Active secretion
Drugs with molecular weights > 300
mostly conjugates of original drug
Passive secretion
Drugs with molecular weights < 300
biliary concentrations similar to plasma water
Renal excretion
Overall renal elimination can be a combination of three processes:
(Glomerular filtration + tubular secretion) - passive reabsorption = renal elimination
Glomerular filtration
passive elimination of drug dissolved in plasma water
ionized and unionized
NOT protein bound drug
Tubular secretion
energy dependent excretion by proximal kidney tubule
organic acid and organic base pumps
includes protein bound drugs
competition between acids or between bases
Passive reabsorption
drug movement from renal tubule back to blood stream
lipid soluble drugs
unionized drug molecules
normal concentrating ability
Passive reabsorption can be reduced by disease (accidental) or by therapy (intentional)
increases elimination rate of the drug
DOES NOT WORK if reabsorption is not an important part of normal elimination
high urine production
reduced tubular concentations of EVERYTHING
reduced contact time with epithelium
alter urine pH
ionized drug cannot be reabosrbed
acids trapped in alkaline urine
bases trapped in acid urine
renal elimination of aspirin can go from 2% to 30% of total elimination
Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Volume of Distribution
The volume of fluid that "appears" to contain the amount of drug in the body (based on the plasma concentration - See Figure 1).
Partially determines the relationship between dose and plasma concentration
Defines the volume of fluid that must be processed by organs of elimination
Roughly describes "tissue penetration"
May not equal an actual physiologic space (See Figure 2).
One compartment plot (Figure 6)
Cp0 is the plasma concentration at time = 0 (IV adminsitration ONLY)
Liters or milliliters describing whole animal
Liters/kg or milliliters/kg
Table 2: Representative (theoretical) volumes of distribution.
Figure 4: 100 mg of a drug is added to a 10 liter fish tank filled with water. A sample is taken after equillibrium is reached. The chemical properties of the drug control its "attraction" to the glass.
Figure 5: 100 mg of a drug is added to a 10 liter fish tank filled with water. A sample is taken after equillibrium is reached. The chemical properties of the drug control its "attraction" to the glass.
Clearance(e.g., Hepatic Clearance)
The volume of plasma water cleared of the drug during a specified time period.
Organ clearance is calculated by determining the flow (Q) and the efficiency of extraction
Total body clearance (Clt) is the sum of all organ clearances
Experimentally we determine clearance by determining the Volume of distribution and the elimination rate constant (Figures 5-7)
Volume / unit timeĀ (l/hr, l/min, ml/hr etc) describing whole animal
Volume / kilogram / unit timeĀ (l/kg/hr, ml/kg/min etc.)
Rate constant of elimination
The fraction of the volume of distribution cleared per unit time (or)
The slope of the natural log plot of the drug concentration versus time profile (Figure 7)
One compartment plot (Figure 7)
"Produced" by the relationship between the volume of distribution and the total clearance:
Determined from the slope of the "elimination portion" of the drug concentration vs time profile (curve).
/hr, /min, hr-1, min-1
Figure 6: Determining the "pharmacokinetics" of the fish tank.
Figure 7: Arithmetic plot of dye concentrations versus time. (lz = 0.0693 hrs-1, Vz =1 l/kg, Dose = 100 mg, T1/2 = 10 hrs, Clt = 0.0693 l/kg/hr).
Multiply the concentration X the Vz to determine the amount in the body at each time point. Subtract the amount in the body at one time point from the amount in the body at the PREVIOUS time point to determine the amount eliminated during the time "interval."
Figure 8: Logarithmic plot of dye concentrations versus time. (lz = 0.0693 hrs-1, Vz =1 l/kg, Dose = 100 mg, T1/2 = 10 hrs, Clt = 0.0693 l/kg/hr).
Although the amount eliminated from the body is less and less for each time interval, the FRACTION of the amount eliminated during each interval is constant. This is demonstrated by the semi-log plot.
Elimination half-life
The time for elimination of one half of the total amount in the body.
Hours or minutes
Tissue Residues
At 5 x T1/2 97% has been eliminated
Make sure you use the longest half-life (gentamicin example)
Metabolites may be more important than the drug
Extremely slow absorption from injection site may be the primary cause of residues.
Approach to steady state
Steady state exists when defined plasma concentrations (peak, average, trough) are identical following each administered dose during chronic therapy.
At 5 x T1/2 concentrations are 97% of steady state values no matter what the dose and interval.
Digoxin, maximum effects of digoxin may appear as late as 8 days after therapy is initiated
The relationship between dose interval and half-life determines the need for a loading dose.
A loading dose is an itital dose of drug given to shorten the time to reach the steady-state concentrations.
Absorption rate constant
The absorption rate constant describes the rate of drug movement (oral, IM, SC, etc.) from the dose to the circulatory system.
/hr, /min, hr-1, min-1
In combination with other factors, ka determines the time required to reach the peak concentration (Cmax) following a dose of drug and the peak drug concentration.
Figure 9.Ā Approach to steady state.Ā The figure represents a hypothetical situation in that the dose interval equals the drug half-life.
Fraction of dose absorbed (F)
When a drug is administered by any route OTHER than IV, it is rare that the entire dose is absorbed
Destroyed in GI tract, passes out in feces before it is absorbed, binds to ingesta, etc.
Hydrolysis of drug in tissue, drug binding to injection site, abcess formation, etc.
Either percentage of dose or fraction of the dose (59% = 0.59)
The fraction of the dose absorbed determines a drugÆs bioavailability (how much gets into the blood stream).Ā Bioavailability is a common measure used to compare two different drug formulations (tablets vs. elixir) or to compare products sold by two different manufacturers (trade name drugs vs. generics).
Two drug products are bioequivalent if the nature and extent of therapeutic and toxic effects are equal following administration
Although similar and related, equal bioavailability (F) does not guarantee bioequivalence.
Table 3: Two dose forms of the same drug are depicted. These two dose forms have equal bioavailability and they are bioequivalent.
Table 4: Two dose forms of the same drug are depicted. These two dose forms have equal bioavailability but they are NOT bioequivalent.
Pharmacokinetic Models
Physiologic models
Attempt to describe the actual events which control drug absorption, distribution, and elimination
Derived from measurements of drug concentrations in specific fluids (bile, portal and hepatic veins, tissue fluids, urine, etc.).
Deal with an organ, a tissue or an organ system
Combined to describe functions and processes
Mathematic models
Attempt to accurately predict the time course of drug concentrations in one (usually blood or plasma) or two (urine as well) body fluids.Ā Predictions are generally made for tissues which can be sampled from intact patients.
"Pharmacokinetics" on package inserts represent these kinds of model.
Modeling begins with a single dose experiment:
A dose of drug is administered, samples are taken at timed intervals after dosing, samples are analyzed for drug concentrations.
Drug concentrations are then plotted and analyzed mathematically to determine the drugÆs clearance, the rate constant of elimination, half-life, and the volume of distribution of the drug.
Body compartments
Central Compartment
Blood volume
Organs of elimination
Peripheral compartment
Lung tissue
Deep compartments
Fat (poor blood supply, lipid soluble drugs)
Kidneys (aminoglycosides)
N compartments represents the amount of detail availableĀ considering the "experimental conditions".
Number of samples
Sample timing
Obesity, starvation, dehydration, etc.
Difference in rates of distribution into various tissues (2 volumes cannot be separated if individual rate constants are similar).
N compartments may be arbitrarily reduced if the level of detail available is unnecessary.
Most clinical monitoring reduces "truth" to a one compartment open model
Figure 10: Linear and semi-logarithmic plots of Pharmacokinetic models. The two compartment models were generated by INCLUDING samples at 5, 15, 25 and 30 minutes.
Dose Dependent Behavior
For most drugs (99%), it is logical to assume that the relationship between the dose we give and the concentration(s) that the dose produces in the body are linear. (We double the dose, the concentrations double, the effects double). The PHARMACOKINETICS of these drugs are said to be dose-independent.
Occassionally, drug dosing behave differently:
Although we have described pharmacokinetics as being "first-order" throughout these notes, the real absorption and elimination behavior of drugs obeys Michaelis-Menton kinetics. That is, first-order at "low" doses (most drugs at therapeutic doses), zero-order at "high" doses and mixed-order in between.
First Order (The pharmacokinetics of MOST drugs is first order at therapeutic doses.)
A fraction the dose of drug is absorbed per unit time
A fraction of the amount of drug in the body is eliminated per unit time.
Arithmetic plots of concentration vs. time will be a curve with a positive deflection (slope becomes less negative with time).
A semi-log plot will be a straight line or series of straight lines (multiple compartments).
As long as elimination remains first order:
There will be a half-life of elimination
Increasing or decreasing the dose will produce a proportional increase or decrease in the plasma concentration and in drug effect.
A steady state will be achieved for ANY rate of drug administration.
Zero order (special dose forms, high concentrations of some drugs).
A constant amount of drug is absorbed per unit time (or)
A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time
Arithmetic plots of concentration vs. time will fall on a straight line
Semi-log plots have a negative deflection (slope becomes more negative with time)
If elimination is zero order:
Drug may accumulate infinitely
There is no "half-life"
Clearance, Total
The sum of all individual organ clearances.Ā Usually determined by plasma sampling.
Clearance, Renal
The clearance "performed" by the kidney.
Clearance, Hepatic
The clearance "performed" by the liver.
Peak plasma concentration
mg/ml (or) mg/liter
Highest plasma concentration achieved following a single non-intravenous dose of a drug.
Plasma concentration
mg/ml (or) mg/liter
Plasma concentration, may be folled by a subscript for time (Cpt ¢ see Cp0 below)
Plasma concentration at time zero
mg/ml (or) mg/liter
The plasma concentration at zero time.Ā Determined by extrapolating the plasma concentration versus time "curve" back to the Y (concentration) axis.
Fraction of dose absorbed
None or %
Portion of a non-intravenous dose of drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
Half life of elimination
hrs (or) minutes
Time required to eliminate 50% of any amount of drug from the body.
Time of the peak plasma concentration
hrs (or) minutes
The time that the Cmax (above) is achieved following a single non-intravenous dose of a drug.Ā
Volume of distribution
The volume calculated using the intercept of the "z" portion of a curve and the Y axis.
hr-1, /hr, min-1, /min
Calculates slope of a line for a natural log plot of plasma concentration versus time data.
liters, milliliters if dose is in mg; liters/kg or milliliters/kg if dose is in mg/kg
Extrapolate plasma concentration versus time "curve" back to the Y (concentration) axis.Ā The intercept is Cp0.Ā The dose is the intravenous bolus dose.
mg or mg/kg
You can calculate the amount of drug in the body at any time =t if you know the volume of distribution and the plasma concentration at that time Cpt.
L/hr/kg or l/hr
Clearance is calculated following a pharmacokinetic experiment as the product of volume of distribution and elimination rate constant.
hr-1, /hr, min-1, /min
In the animal the elimination rate constant is the RESULT of the total body clearance of the drug and the volume of distribution into which the drug is distributed.Ā (lz is not usually calculated this way).
5 x T1/2
hrs, min.
Five times the elimination half-life determines:
ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ 97% of the time to reach steady state
ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ The time to eliminate 97% of the drug


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Augmentation of Teaching Labs for Geography: SRH001
Augmentation of existing computer labs thru the purchase of 21 lab computers to expand teaching capabilities and improve the classroom learning experience. These machines are used for a variety of specialized computer programs that enhance student-learning outcomes.
GPS software/hardware for Geography: SRH005
Provides students with access to Trimble GeoXM GPS receivers. These receivers are used in mapping, and GIS classes. Hardware helps develop skills needed for the ever-increasing demand for Internet mapping services and GPS skill levels. Allows for a complete system wide storage solution for students that will ease the operation of the lab, and have a central storage solution for maps and GPS data.
Instructional Classroom/Computer Lab for Lehman Library: ELL106B
This classroom/computer lab allows for use of library instruction and collaborated instructional programs for students. It also provides student access to library resources, and enables them to incorporate discovered data and research into papers, reports and presentations.
Augmentation of Computer Lab with Wacom Tablets for Computer Science: MCT165
Provides students with access to state of the art graphics tablets/software implemented into the computer graphics program. The addition of Adobe CS suite, the standard design suite in the industry, helps students with their learning outcomes.
Digital Peak Motus for Exercise Science: HG105
Allows for state of the art movement analysis and data acquisition during biomechanical and motor learning activities. This software integrates with the Digital Force Plate providing a 2D analysis of data. This also facilitates student driven research projects in both research design and statistics courses.
ARES Electronic Reserves for Lehman Library
Provides automated student access to the library reserve system. Available both on and off campus, this system can alert students via email or RSS feeds as new material becomes available for classes.
Augmentation of Computer Lab with Wacom Tablets for Art: HAC307
Provides students with access to state of the art graphics tablets implemented into the Art program. The addition of the tablets allows students to use digital drawing pens to paint and draw on the computer.
Enhanced Technology in Video Conferencing for Media Services: GRH006
The AMX master controller system allows for more automated room setup, allows for the monitoring of the video signals (from cameras and document cameras). This setup is more user friendly to the presenters and distance education classes.
Augmentation of Lab for Communications/Journalism: RLH205
Augmentation of existing computer labs thru the purchase of 9 additional student computer units in the new Roland Hall Macintosh lab facility. This allows for larger instruction groups in the classes using the technology. The addition of Adobe CS suite, the standard design suite in the industry, helps students with their learning outcomes.
Web cameras for College of Education: SPH
Provides 25 web cams for student teachers to enhance the communication and interaction between students, mentors, and their college supervisor. This assists in facilitating better/faster and more frequent communication and sharing of methodologies between students.
Large Format Printer for Art: HAC314
Students able to participate in the printing of documents/projects, accurately producing images in their full-intended size up to 36" in width.This printer also allows for archival printing, which allows for prints to maintain their original colors for up to 108 years.
ACM Digital Library for Lehman Library and Computer Science
Provides student access to the preeminent resource for journal articles, conference proceedings and technical reports in the fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Student Presentation Stations for various departments: SPH, FSC, MCT
Smart technology installed in the classrooms for visual and audio presentation enhancement for classroom use by students across all the Colleges at the University.
Upgrades of Smart Classrooms for Political Science: GRH406
Provides updated Audio/Video and other equipment required by the Smart Cart for enhancement of the Smart Classroom for the Political Science department.
Upgrades of Smart Classrooms for Business: GRH202, GRH201
Provides updated Audio/Video and other equipment required by the Smart Carts for enhancement of the Smart Classrooms for the Business department.
Upgrades of Smart Classroom for Computer Science: MCT165
Provides updated Audio/Video and other equipment required by the Smart Cart for enhancement of the Smart Classroom for the Computer Science department.
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The call for new Tech Fee Project proposals has gone out for the spring. All submissions *must* make use of the new Tech Fee Proposal Template (posted at:http://www.ship.edu/ITS/TechFee/Tech_Fee_Proposals/ ) before a project can be included in the review and ranking process. Please submit an electronic copy of your Proposal to your Department Chair. The Department Chair will then send the Proposal on to your Dean by 12:00 noon on Monday, March 2, 2016. Your Dean will consider the Proposals and forward the Proposal firstname.lastname@example.com by 12:00 noon on Wednesday, March 4, 2016. By forwarding your request, the Department Chair and the Dean will be indicating their approval and priority of the proposal submission. Contact us if you need assistance in scanning supplemental documents to include with your proposal.
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Design Your Own Luxury Hostess Set
|Home › Birthdays › Party Supplies › Hostess Gifts › View Product
|Product Name:
|Design Your Own Luxury Hostess Set
|Product Code:
|Gift Set
|Production Time
4-5 Business Days
Delivery time additional
(Shipping From VT)
|Product Description:
This beautiful hostess set includes 3 bars of soap and 12 disposable paper linen guest towels! Our triple-milled, 100% vegetable-based warm white soaps which are manufactured and handcrafted in Vermont. Each square bar is 4 ounces, individually addressed and intricately carved. The scent is gentle but intoxicating. The paper linen guest towels will be personalized in your choice of imprint color with personalization to match the carving on the soap. The gift set is presented in a box. Personalization options are your choice of a monogram or up to 3 same size initials.


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The biggest disadvantage of running Windows 7 on a tablet computer is the battery life of the devices. This isn't the fault of Windows but is the fault of the hardware its designed to run on. Existing Intel and AMD chips will run out when running Windows 7 for around 4.5 hours. The arrival of Windows 8 running on ARM designed chips will extend this, we presume, to seven hours or more and bring Windows tablets in line with the battery life you would expect from an Android tablet or the iPad.
But what about the benefits of running Windows 8 on an Intel or AMD-powered tablet? While the masses might flock to the new ARM tablets, I believe there is a very strong case to be made to buy yourself a Windows tablet using existing hardware, and get it before Windows 8 is released. Let me explain.
Windows on x86 and x64 hardware has many advantages that the new ARM version will likely never have. The most obvious of these is the ability to run full desktop applications, and having used the Samsung Series 7, which is the demo tablet Microsoft gave away at the BUILD conference where they unveiled Windows, and having used Windows 7 on another quad core tablet, I can say that this is actually a far better experience than you might expect.
The additional benefits though come in the form of support for additional hardware. This includes printers, TV tuners and much more besides. I have two tablets, an HP TouchPad which gets the general lounging on the sofa use, and a Windows tablet. What I can do with the Windows tablet that I could never do with the TouchPAd is place it in a charging dock with a USB TV tuner plugged in the back and use it as a bedside television.
At the moment the success of a tablet rests solely on the quantity and quality of the apps available for it, and I find this disappointing. It means that tablets are essentially very limited in functionality. With full support for all the hardware available for a standard PC you can greatly expand the usefulness of the device, and get much more for your money; let's face it tablet's still aren't cheap.
The downside with this is that when Windows 8 becomes available, all the tablet manufacturers and PC manufacturers will be wanting to create machines using ARM chips. This will make them power efficient, slightly cheaper and better for consumers. Those companies will at the very least scale back the models they provide that run on existing x86 and x64 architecture and may even cease production of such models completely.
At the moment there are some excellent Windows 7 tablets available (I even have one to give away this week) but you might want to think about buying one before WIndows 8 launches if you want to be able to harness the full software and hardware potential of a PC with the device. If you don't buy one now, you might find you simply can't in less than a year.


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There's a happy ending to a desperate search to find a Lexington woman who has Alzheimers.
The search came to an end earlier at the woman's home on Cecil Way, near Clays Mill Road.
Police say 81 year old, Martha Lyon went missing wearing only her nightgown.
Police searched for more than two hours before finding Lyons in her home.
She's now back at home and is said to be doing well.


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Click the link or scan the QR code to download and try for free today!
Download the Danberry Realtors app and discover a variety of different search options and filters, making it easier than ever to search for homes on-the-go in a variety of areas servicing Ohio and Southeast Michigan.
What sets us apart:
Augmented Reality: By using your smartphone's camera simply hold up your device and explore the surrounding area. Objects you look at will be overlaid on the camera's display offering additional interactive content and information.
In addition to the interactive search functionality, the app also syncs to your account with Danberry, ensuring saved data is accessible on your mobile device as well as your Danberry's website.
Map Based Search: Navigate to the area of the map where you're looking for homes and see it filled with available properties!
Journey Search: Journey Search allows you to view properties within close proximity of your current location while you're on-the-go! This search will continue to update available properties as you travel.
Perimeter Search: Through the Perimeter Search feature, using only your finger you can draw boundaries on the map view, showing available homes within the drawn area.
Scope Search: Using the phone's built in camera and an augmented reality engine, Scope Search displays property around you by simply pointing your phone in the direction of the property.
Click the link or scan the QR code to download and try for free today!
We are proud to announce the release of our newly redesigned website. We invite you to take a look around and let us know what you think!


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Filing For a City Council Position
On February 17, 2015, the Honorable Thomas O. Rice of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington issued an Order pursuant to Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act requiring Yakima to implement a new seven, single-member district plan for electing City Council members. The Order is available here (pdf) with the map of the districts that is attached as "Exhibit A" to the Court's Order. Additionally, an interactive map which displays the seven City Council districts referred to in the Court's Order of February 17, 2015 and which details the boundaries of each single-member district. View Map
Yakima is a First Class, Charter city, operating under a Council/Manager form of government since June 1, 1959. The City Manager is appointed by the City Council. There are seven members serving on the Council elected for four-year terms. There are four district positions and three at-large positions. While four members are elected from districts, they represent the entire city. In a primary race, only registered voters in a district can vote for candidates running for election in that district. In the general election, voters cast their vote for all Council positions on the ballot. The Mayor is elected by the Council members every two years at the first meeting in January.
The City Council acts as the official legislative and policy making body of the City of Yakima adopting all laws, ordinances, and resolutions and approving contracts required by the City. The Council analyzes proposals to meet community needs, initiates action for new programs, and determines the ability of the City to provide financing for City operations. The Council also reviews, modifies, and approves the annual municipal budget presented by the City Manager. Additionally, the City Council performs other miscellaneous duties including making appointments to various boards and commissions, acting as liaison with other governmental bodies, and responding to community groups and individual constituents. The Council has established various subcommittees and shares assignments on many other local boards and commissions. Each Council member is expected to serve on these boards and commissions so as not to unduly burden any Council member.
How Much Time Does It Take To Be A Council Member?
The City Council meetings are held the first and third Tuesdays of the month at 6:00 p.m. Duration of meetings vary from one hour to four hours, usually averaging three hours. On the second and fourth Tuesdays of the month at 8:00 a.m., the Council may meet for an informal discussion among themselves about issues that need in-depth study. Other special and adjourned meetings are called as needed. Generally in November and December, extra meetings are called to review the proposed budget. On Thursday evenings prior to the Council meeting, a Council packet containing the agenda for the upcoming meeting, staff reports and other general information is prepared for each Council member. An information packet is provided on Friday when no Council meeting is scheduled the next week.
In addition to these meetings, you should allow time for other duties; i.e. out-of-town meetings, speaking engagements, conversing with citizens, and ceremonial events such as welcoming conventions to Yakima and groundbreaking events.
Council members can expect to spend 15-20 hours per week on Council related-work. The Mayor spends approximately twice that amount of time.
Pursuant to Washington State law (RCW 42.17.240), candidates for public office and incumbent elected officials are required to file public disclosure records of their personal financial status. Within two weeks of becoming a candidate, a personal Financial Affairs Statement must be filed with the Public Disclosure Commission (PDC), listing all your income, compensation, real estate, other assets, financial holdings, and creditors. These reports are required to be filed annually by elected officials. The purpose of the report is to give the public tangible proof that officials are acting in the public interest and not for their private gain.
Candidates may also be required to submit campaign finance reports with the PDC and should contact them for information and instructions.
Members of the City Council are required by law to comply with certain standards of conduct involving potential conflicts of interest and the Appearance of Fairness Doctrine. A Council member may not vote on any matter where he or she would be especially benefited because this would involve a conflict of interest. Further, state law strictly forbids city officials from having any personal financial interest in city employment or other city contracts, regardless of whether or not they vote on the matter. Public officials may not, directly or indirectly, give or receive any compensation, gift, or gratuity from a non-city source for any matter connected with or related to city business. The Appearance of Fairness Doctrine applies to all City Council actions that determine the legal rights, duties, or privileges of specific persons, such as in zoning and land use hearings.
Article II, Section l.A. of the City of Yakima Charter states the elective officers of the City of Yakima shall be residents of the City. Members of the Council shall be qualified electors of the City. Qualified electors of the City elect one Council member from each of the four separate districts, and three members from the City at-large regardless of residence in any particular area of the City. Any member ceasing to possess any of the qualifications specified in general law or in the City Charter, or is convicted of crime involving moral turpitude while in office, shall immediately forfeit his/her office.
The salary for Council members is established by ordinance passed by the Council. No Council member may vote himself/herself an increase in salary. Therefore, increases for Council members are effective only after a Council member has been re-elected for another term of office.
Current salaries in effect for Council positions are:
(1) 4 District Positions $1,075.00
(2) 3 At-Large Positions $1,075.00
(3) Assistant Mayor $1,175.00
(4) Mayor $1,375.00
The fringe benefits include:
• Reimbursement for expenditures as provided by Section 2.20.086 of the Yakima Municipal Code.
• $5,000 life insurance policy; premium fully paid by the City.
• Workman's Compensation insurance coverage (self-insured).
• Professional liability indemnification covering Council members in their official capacity (self-insured).
• Payment by the City of its portion of Social Security payroll tax.
• Deferred Compensation Plan (no matching funds by City)
• Medical insurance offered (premium paid in full by Council member)
All elections, whether special or general, shall be conducted by the County Auditor (RCW 29.13.040).
Filing For Candidacy:
All candidates shall file declarations of candidacy with the County Auditor according to the filing schedule set by state law.(RCW 29.21.060). A filing fee equal to one percent of the annual salary shall accompany the declaration of candidacy for any office with an annual salary of more than one thousand dollars per annum (RCW 29.18.050). State law makes provisions for candidates who lack sufficient assets or income to pay the filing fee. (See Section VII for current information on filing dates and fee)
A primary election is only necessary when more than two candidates have filed for the same position. The primary election shall be conducted in the manner provided by the laws of the State of Washington, according to Article III, Section 1 of the City Charter. Primary elections are held on the third Tuesday of the preceding August (before the November general election),
All cities' general elections shall be held throughout the State on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November in the odd-numbered years (RCW 29.13.020).
If any Council member elected or appointed to an at-large position moves outside the City boundary, or in the event a Council member elected or appointed to a "district position" moves outside his/her district, then that Council member shall thereby forfeit the office of Council member and that position shall be deemed vacant.
In the event a vacancy occurs, for any reason, the vacancy shall be filled by the appointment of some qualified person by a majority vote of the remaining members of the Council.
Such appointee shall hold office only until the next regular municipal election to fill the unexpired term of that position. If the vacancy occurs in a position held by a Council member originally nominated or elected from a district, then the appointee shall be a resident of that district, and so shall the member who is elected to serve the remainder of that term.
Generally, the Council opens up a filing period for the vacancy and requests each candidate to complete an application form. The candidates are then interviewed during a public Council meeting. Council may deliberate on the qualifications of the candidates in a closed session and then vote on the appointment in an open meeting.
Current election information is available on the County Auditor's election website at www.yakimacounty.us/vote/
X. Political Advertising
The County Election Department provides information regarding political advertising, addressed under State law. The City, in Chapter 15.08.040 of the Municipal Code, regulates political yard signs. Political signs which, during a campaign, advertise a candidate or candidates for public elective office, a political party, or promote a position on a public issue provided such signs shall not be posted more than ninety (90) days before the election to which they relate and are removed within fifteen (15) days following the election, are exempt from the application, permit and fee requirement of Title 15.
An Election Information Report that provides general election information is available from the Yakima County Auditor's Election Office.
Please call the Yakima City Clerk's Office at 575-6037 for additional information.


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Hema Malini guarded about daughter's wedding details
By IANS - MUMBAI
Published: 04th November 2013 05:32 PM
Last Updated: 04th November 2013 05:32 PM
Veteran actors Hema Malini and Dharmendra's younger daughter Ahana Deol will marry Delhi-based businessman Vaibhav Vora Feb 2, but the actress is unwilling to spill any more details on the wedding.
"We have not decided as yet whether we will hold the ceremony here or in Delhi. As of now, we cannot reveal anything," Hema told IANS.
The couple got engaged in June this year at Hema's Juhu residence. The engagement was held in a very traditional manner and took place in the presence of the two families.
Ahana had reportedly met Vaibhav during her sister Esha Deol's wedding last year. Esha is married to Mumbai-based businessman Bharat Takhtani.
Apart from being a trained Odissi dancer, Ahana is also interested in designing.
|Full coverage State Elections 2013
Specials on: Narendra Modi | Rahul Gandhi | World Chess Championship
Disclaimer: We respect your thoughts and views! But we need to be judicious while moderating your comments. All the comments will be moderated by the NIE editorial. Abstain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks. Try to avoid outside hyperlinks inside the comment. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines.


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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on NORDSTROM.com at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
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Classic design and made-in-America construction define a casually cool sneaker with bold, unmistakable branding and a Vibram rubber sole. Color(s): green, grey. Brand: New Balance. Style Name: New Balance '990' Sneaker (Men). Style Number: 598978.. Price: $179.95
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Featured Events
A spring party fundraiser, the Vernal Fling is a joyous celebration of all that the land has to offer in a season that offers excitement and new beginnings. There will be two honorees, Bill Rudge of NYS DEC, and Deborah Meyer DeWan, of the Rondout Valley Growers Association. There will be a video presentation, music, dancing, a short live auction, a raffle, and food and drinks by Oriole9.
The Vernal Fling of Woodstock Land Conservancy
Saturday, May 10, 2014
5:30 PMByrdcliffe Barn
Upper Byrdcliffe Road, Woodstock, NY 12498
Price: $75 in advance, $85 at the doorAge:NoneBuy Tickets


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Nokia Delays Next-Generation Symbian OS
- Apr 23, 2010 1:25 PM EST
- [num] Comments
Nokia said that its next-generation Symbian^3 mobile operating system now won't be ready until the third quarter thanks to issues with quality control.
"We will not ship the product before the quality meets the end user's needs and demands," Nokia CEO Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo said in a FierceMobileContent report. He added that Nokia will introduce several handsets running the new OS before the end of the year.
"This is pretty significant as Nokia and Symbian have lost a lot of market share in the last few years," Strategy Analytics analyst Neil Mawston said in a separate Reuters article. "Psychologically it is a blow as well as iPhone, BlackBerry and Android are surging ahead with software updates. Symbian cannot afford any delays."
- Categories:
- Mobile Apps,
- Technology,
- Symbian


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Coatings for carbon composites, glass-fibre and some plastics
Zircotec has refined its plasma-spray coating technology to allow metal and ceramic coatings to be applied to carbon composite, glass-fibre and a range of plastic materials. We now have coatings that offer:
Based on Zircotec's proprietary ThermoHold® technology, and with patents pending, our coatings allow high strength lightweight materials to be used in environments for which they would otherwise be unsuitable.
Our plasma based application process results in coatings are extremely well adhered - they are in effect "welded" in place. As a result, our coatings are robust; highly resistant to vibration and mechanical damage; and tollerant to significant flexing of the substrate.
Copyright © 2016 Zircotec - All rights reserved
- Designed by Sitemakers
Sitemakers are web specialists. If you are interested in having a website built by us, visit our website today!


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All Sorts of Weird Stuff offers news and information about George R.R. Martin, in particular about his A Song of Ice and Fire series.
"When I was young, I read all sorts of stuff. One week it would be Lovecraft, the next Vance. It was all imaginative literature, or as my dad called it 'Weird Stuff.' It was all 'Weird Stuff.'"
George R.R. Martin
New to the series? Read our spoiler-free review of A Game of Thrones.
Read our Privacy Policy.
George R.r. Martin has written about the death of his friend and long-time agent, Ralph Vicinanza. We have reported on the death earlier, primarily in connection to the fact that he was a co-executive producer on Game of Thrones due to the role he and his management company, Created By, in helping to bring the series to the screen. However, George notes that Vicinanza was especially important for bringing Martin's work (and that of many other top-flight science fiction and fantasy authors) out onto the global market, with translations of his novels and stories now appearing in something like 40 languages.
The Westeros network consists of several different sites, including a forum and a wiki, for all your A Song of Ice and Fire needs.


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Houston - The #39 Texas A&M-Corpus Christi men's tennis team lost a heartbreaker to the #36 Rice Owls on Saturday at the Hampton Inn Galleria Rice Invite by a 4-3 score.
The match sends the Islanders to 5-6 on the season while Rice improves to 11-6 overall on the year.
"This was about as close as a match can get," said Director of Tennis Steve Moore. "A tiebreaker to win the doubles, a tiebreaker at No. 4 singles and a third set to win the match shows how close it was."
In the doubles portion of the match, the Islanders claimed a thrilling 2-1 victory to take an early 1-0 match lead. In No. 1 doubles, Christoph Mueller and Tobias Scheil defeated Mikhail Pavlov and Dmitry Novikov by an 8-3 score to give the Owls the first match. No. 3 doubles saw David Pace and James Langford equal match one, defeating Christian Saravia and Dennis Polyakov by an identical 8-3 score. The early split set up the final match, No.2 singles between the teams of Jose Zunino and Laurent Montoisy for TAMUCC and Bruno Rosa and Isamu Tachibana of Rice. Zunino and Montoisy eventually prevailed in the tiebreaker, winning the match 9-8 (7-5).
With the Islanders up 1-0, the singles matches began. The first match to conclude was No. 1 singles, with Rosa defeating Pavlov by a 6-0, 6-4 final. No. 3 singles was next, as Montoisy once again gave the Islanders the lead with a 6-4, 6-3 win over Sam Garforth-Bles. No. 5 singles had Tachibana taking down Jaume Farras with a 6-4, 6-4 win. No. 6 singles saw Polyakov and Langford square off, with Polyakov winning the match 6-0, 7-6 (7-3). The deciding match was No.2 singles between Muller and Novikov. It was tight the whole way, as the three set match ended with a 6-4, 4-6, 6-1 win for Muller in front of his home crowd.
"This was a battle from start to finish in every match," said Moore. "Give Rice credit, they were just a little too tough at home.
"I'm proud of the way our guys competed today, I feel if we compete well and play well, we have a shot against any team in the country."
#36 Rice 4, #39 Texas A&M Corpus Christi 3
Singles competition:
1. Bruno Rosa (RICE) def. Mikhail Pavlov (AMCC) 6-0, 6-4
2. Christoph Müller (RICE) def. Dmitry Novikov (AMCC) 6-4, 4-6, 6-1
3. Laurent Montoisy (AMCC) def. Sam Garforth-Bles (RICE) 6-4, 6-3
4. Jose Zunino (AMCC) def. Tobias Scheil (RICE) 3-6, 7-5, 7-6 (7-4)
5. Isamu Tachibana (RICE) def. Jaume Farras (AMCC) 6-4, 6-4
6. Dennis Polyakov (RICE) def. James Langford (AMCC) 6-0, 7-6 (7-3)
Doubles competition:
1. Christoph Müller/Tobias Scheil (RICE) def. Mikhail Pavlov/Dmitry Novikov (AMCC) 8-3
2. Jose Zunino/Laurent Montoisy (AMCC) def. Bruno Rosa/Isamu Tachibana (RICE) 9-8 (7-5)
3. David Pace/James Langford (AMCC) def. Christian Saravia/Dennis Polyakov (RICE) 8-3
Match Notes:
Texas A&M Corpus Christi 5-6; National ranking #39
Rice 11-6; National ranking #36
Order of finish: Doubles (1,3,2); Singles (1,3,5,6,4,2)


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The blog of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
The Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron recently announced the formation of APTO Orthopaedics, the first medical device company created by the institute.
APTO Orthopedics was formed in partnership with a pediatric surgeon at Akron Children's Hospital. Its device will address early onset scoliosis in children and eliminate multiple surgeries by using magnets to lengthen a spine implant for the condition.
At the announcement, Dr. Frank Douglas, president and CEO of the BioInnovation Institute said: "APTO represents what [the institute] was formed to do: to fill clinical needs with innovative patient-centered products that can be commercialized to help fuel the Akron economy."
The Austen BioInnovation Insistute, supported by Knight, is a collaboration of five major clinical and academic institutions focused on making the Northeast Ohio region a leader in the use of polymer technology for patient-centered health care solutions.
The Akron Beacon Journal covered the partnership citing the overall goal of the institute: "Within a decade, the Akron-area partnership wants to create 2,400 new jobs and attract at least $50 million worth of investments annually in area health-care companies."
- By Jennifer Thomas, program director/Akron at Knight Foundation
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Chamber music concert is tonight's YoungArts focus


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Ziggy Snow LbNA # 13533 (ARCHIVED)
|Baby Bear
|Placed Date
|Feb 12 2005
|Toas Valley, NM
|Found By
|Last Found
|Nov 11 2006
|Hike Distance
Difficulty: easy
Distance to Mini-box: About 20 yards
Status of Mini-box: Alive and Well on 11/13/06
The "Ziggy Snow" mini-box is located in Toas Valley, near the Taos Ski runs. Though the weather was bad, and the runs are tough, we still enjoyed the valley. Visit Tim's Stray Dog for a drink and luncy, and have dinner at the Bavarian lodge.
Use a map for this one. The Valley is about 15 miles from Taos, New Mexico. Once in the valley, keep going until you reach the big sign on the left for Taos Ski Valley. Continue on to where road divides and becomes one-way. You will have to go on down, then loop around on upper road to come back to parking for the box (which is near this junction). Make the loop, and drive throught the "Bear" parking area unil you come to the area where multiple lanes come together. Park on North side, Near the "Bear Shuttle Stop" sign. This sign also has a One Way sign under it. (this is .2 miles from the original road split when you entered the ski area.
To the Mini-box:
Walk to the sign. Now go 16 paces at 320 degrees to a small bush with multiple trunks. The box is in the middle of the trunks.
Let ne know the status of this box: firstname.lastname@example.com


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PLEASANT HILL -- Vicki Smith will never forget the time she and her family suffered what she described as a devastating loss -- the death of their family dog.
"Junkie," a border collie and Labrador mix, was a 1-year-old stray who was found at a junkyard before Smith took him home.
"My son had been asking for a dog and there he was. He was such a wonderful dog with the children," Smith said. "My children treated him as though he was a sibling."
So when Junkie died at 16, it was a sad day for Smith and her family.
"It was a horrendous loss because he was part of the family," she said. "I'd never had an attachment with a dog so strongly."
As a licensed marriage and family therapist and bereavement counselor for Hospice of the East Bay, Smith is familiar with dealing with loss. Yet, she said, pet loss is often considered a disenfranchised grief -- loss that isn't socially acceptable.
"It's very similar to people loss," Smith said. "We can't believe it's happening."
Because Smith believes that pet loss is legitimate and one that deserves attention, she has formed a Pet Loss Support Group through a partnership with Hospice of the East Bay and Tony LaRussa's Animal Rescue Foundation.
The ongoing group meets from noon to 1:30 p.m. at ARF in Walnut Creek. Anyone in need of support to process natural feelings of grief resulting from the death of a beloved animal companion can attend, Smith said.
The group includes pet parents, animal caregivers, and animal foster parents and volunteers who are all encouraged to attend the free service, she said.
During bereavement counseling sessions, Smith said many widows and widowers have emphasized the importance of a having a pet in their lives.
"They would often talk about intense grief over the loss of a spouse and how their cat or dog saved their lives," Smith said.
Many of the elderly clients have mentioned that having a pet keeps them going, she said.
"They say their animals give them a reason to get up in the morning to take care of their companion," Smith said.
Many people have heard others say, "You can always get another dog or cat," and don't seem to realize that everyone grieves differently. This is where a support group may help people who think their feelings are not natural or understood, she said.
There's even the grief and guilt that goes with euthanizing a pet, Smith said.
In our culture, some people don't consider the death of a pet as significant as that of a human companion, said Joseph Lumello, Hospice bereavement services manager.
"Then people start to think, 'Maybe there is something wrong with me'" he said. "We're entitled to have that grief. The love the animals give us is unconditional," Lumello said. "Grief is as unique as each person. There's no right or wrong way to grieve."
Smith said that talking about grief and receiving support normalizes a person's experience.
"It helps people understand their grief is normal. We'll talk about attachments with animals, how they're feeling, the importance of feeling their feelings with people who get it, people who understand."
Lumello said he's grateful for ARF's support and providing the venue for the monthly meetings that also helps to increase awareness that there are a lot of animals in need of a good home.
Who: Hospice of the East Bay and Tony LaRussa's Animal Rescue Foundation (ARF)
What: Pet Loss Support Group
When: noon-1:30 p.m. first Tuesday of the month
Where: ARF, 2890 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek
Information: Vicki Smith at 925-887-5678 ext. 1075, or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Anne Hathaway
by Carol Ann Duffy
Anne Hathaway Quotes
Find quotes from this poem, with commentary from Shmoop. Pick a theme below to begin.
Love Quotes
The bed we loved in was a spinning worldof forests, castles, torchlight, clifftops, seaswhere we would dive for pearls. […] (1-3)
Literature and Writing Quotes
[…] My lover's wordswere shooting stars which fell to earth as kisseson these lips; […] (3-5)
Truth Quotes
'Item I gyve unto my wife my second best bed ...'(from Shakespeare's will) (epigraph)


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In honor of Veterans Day, our friends at the National September 11th Memorial Museum plan to place a yellow rose at the name of each veteran killed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
If your loved one was a veteran, please email firstname.lastname@example.com by Wednesday, November 6, 2013 to make sure that he or she receives a rose. Please include in your email the veteran's name and branch of the service. The information you give will be saved by the National September 11th Memorial Museum.


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Can You Spot Nature's Value?
You love being outside. Whether it's a hike, a swim or a few hours in a hammock, nature makes you feel good.
But look closely. Even when you're indoors, nature is all around you, making our lives better in ways we can sometimes forget. From healthier, happier kids to clean drinking water, nature affects our lives everyday.
Click on each of the desktop items above to see how nature adds value to your life.


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We are in search of an Assistant Webmaster to join our Google Team. I have
pasted the job description below for your review. Feel free to submit your
resume directly to me OR thru our Google Jobs site, www.google.com/jobs.
Thank you and look forward to your responses!
Assistant Webmaster
Google is looking for a creative, hardworking web developer with strong
artistic skills, technical knowledge, and impressive portfolio. The ideal
candidate will possess the ability to create web pages independently, but
also take direction in a team-based environment. This position requires a
utility player with strong graphic design abilities, a good sense of clean
design, and
strong hands-on HTML experience. Responsibilities include creating images,
drawing icons, and modifying screenshots to enhance Google's clean interface
as well as developing and maintaining online content.
* Create images, icons, and screenshots for online use.
* Develop and maintain corporate web pages.
* Respond to a variety of web-related requests across
* Fulfill several projects requests simultaneously while
meeting tight deadlines.
* High level of creativity and proficiency in Photoshop and
Illustrator applications.
* Proven drawing/sketching abilities.
* Expert HTML skills.
* Technical knowledge of file sizes, types, and color formats.
* Experience implementing and maintaining web content.
* Keen eye for clean UI implementation and knowledge of
website design best practices.
* Excellent attention to detail.
* Ability to set priorities and meet deadlines in a dynamic,
fast-paced environment.
* Ability to iterate quickly and synthesize feedback from
multiple sources.
* Strong CGI scripting skills with experience in Unix
environment highly desired.
Staffing - Webmaster Group
direct 650.253-7197
pramod at google.com


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Remove Ads x
Flash_Disinfector - download at 4shared. Flash_Disinfector is hosted at free file sharing service 4shared.
| Uploaded via: 4shared site
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On 4ÔÂ13ÈÕ, ÏÂÎç8ʱ14·Ö, einzig...@gmail.com wrote:
> i am working on a device driver for a plx9054 pci card to the os
> Tornado-2.0/VxWorks-5.4 on Intel IXP 1200 Evaluation System.
> when the kernel initiate the memLib ,pciIoMapLib..........after
> sysMmuAddMap(),i can still not write the memory but i can read it
> correctly.i think the problem would be that wrong address has been
> mapped. so i want to ask what are the following address mean and what
> is the relationship between these five base adddress?
> #define PCI_CSR_BASE 0x42000000 /* Local config / CSR space */
> #define PCI_CONFIG1_BASE 0x52000000 /* Config cycle 1 space */
> #define PCI_CONFIG0_BASE 0x53000000 /* Config cycle 0 space */
> #define PCI_IO_BASE 0x54000000 /* I/O cycle space */
> #define PCI_MEM_BASE 0x60000000 /* Mem cycle space */
and i forgot to say, these five base address are defined in the file


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Share Photo
Seamus Heaney addresses the attendees at the unveiling of the memorial stone (under red cloth) to poet Ted Hughes in the Poets' corner of Westminster Abbey, London Tuesday Dec. 6, 2011, to join a line of great British writers going back to Chaucer. Hughes died of cancer in 1998, months after publishing "Birthday Letters," a powerful collection reflecting on his troubled first marriage to the poet Sylvia Plath. Plath killed herself in 1963, after the couple had separated. A letter Hughes wrote to her in 1956 was chosen as one of the readings for the ceremony. (AP Photo/Georgie Gillard/PA ) UNITED KINGDOM OUT - NO SALES - NO ARCHIVES


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Paul Sundy
Paul was recently selected to be the 2013 Ozark Technical Community College Excellence in Business Award recipient.
In 2003 Sundy began his entreprenurial career in Downtown Springfield Missouri and has since opened 16 restraunts and bars including Big Whiskey's American Bar & Grill, Dublin's Pass Irish Pub & Restaurant, Parlor 88 Lounge & Eatery, and Opus Cigar Bar.
Paul joins some impressive company, the list of past recipients includes John Q. Hammons, members of the O'reilly family, Jack and Peter Herschend, Carol Jones, and our very own Bill Turner.
We're proud to have partnered with Paul in his business endeavors and wish him continued success. You can hear more of Paul's story in the video below.


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How many super teeth do I need?
Free Shipping* on orders over $100!
*During checkout, select "the FedEx Ground free shipping option" to set the shipping to 0. We will actually ship via USPS Priority Mail for faster delivery. Free shipping in the U.S. only.
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Still the best deal on Super Teeth for your stump grinder!
The Super Tooth is the premier stump-cutting tooth from Rayco Manufacturing. The Super Tooth incorporates a mounting block, neck and strike point into one massive carbide-tipped cutting tool. It has extra mass to eliminate bending, twisting, and breaking which cause machine shut down and high maintenance costs. It also increases cutter wheel thrust, balance and inertia for improved machine performance. The Super Tooth's low profile design provides extra clearance for the mounting block to pass through the stump without obstructing its strike point or dragging against the stump. Because the strike point is unobstructed, the Super Tooth's carbide tip is in full contact with the material to be removed. It cuts cleanly through the stump, providing full utilization of the machine's horsepower for cutting and discharging chips.
The Rayco Super Tooth is designed to fit industry standard cutter wheels and is easy to install using 5/8-18UNF cap screws on 1.53" centers. The Super Tooth has four times the mounting surface area contacting the cutter wheel of other tooth designs. The increased support area eliminates gouged cutter wheels. Crossover teeth are designed for certain Vermeer machines which feature such a tooth.
Scroll down for pocket style teeth.
Rayco's crossover tooth is designed to fit stump grinders which include crossover teeth in the manufacturer setup.
Measure the length of the barrel only, when measuring bolt length.
WesSpur sells the pocket style Rayco stump grinder teeth that are still in use on many grinders. Consider Super Teeth for more durability.
Rayco tooth depth-setting gauge assists you in setting your pocket-style teeth correctly. See your owner's manual for instructions on setting the teeth on your particular stump grinder.
Standard 6" & 8" green wheels for sharpening carbide tips on stump grinder teeth. Pearl brand bench grinding wheels are designed for use on work benches or floor standing machines. Wheels are not affected by water, oils or acids. Each wheel is balanced and ring tested. One size wheel can fit several different machines using the included bushing set. Use Green Silicon Carbide bench grinding wheels for fast burr free grinding of tungsten carbide tipped tools, ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
6" Wheel x 3/4" x 1" - C80 Grit - MAX RPM: 4,140
8" Wheel x 1" x 1" C120 Grit - MAX RPM: 3,600
Warning! Carbide dust is harmful if inhaled. A respirator must be worn while using the Green wheel.


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According to its blog, the Woodstock.com Web site created by Woodstock festival co-creator Michael Lang will launch at 11 a.m. Monday.
The site has updated a few times in May, including with a post detailing the release of "The Woodstock Experience," five albums that couple Woodstock performances with the artists who made them.
The site also has a satellite Facebook account where users are encouraged to post pictures of their Woodstock experiences.
Lang's mission for Woodstock.com was to embrace the festival's legacy while also promoting green living. The concert co-creator is still searching for the opportunity to host a music festival around the 40-year anniversary of the festival.
Location, ST | website.com


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Concierge Services is your one-stop place to learn about Dana-Farber programs, services and resources, as well as information on getting around Boston, finding lodging or restaurants, and activities in the area.
Dana-Farber and Children's Hospital, including parking facilities, are fully accessible to people with disabilities. There are wheelchairs at the main entrance, and security staff can provide personal assistance. We also have many educational materials available in large print and audiotape formats.
The Ethics Consultation Service is available for patients and families who may be facing difficult decisions and choices regarding care. Our goal is to bring together patients, families and health care providers to talk about ethical concerns and help everyone involved arrive at a resolution that is right for all.
Find practical tips and suggestions for individuals caring for a family member or friend with cancer, including creating a caregiving plan, finding community resources, and looking after your own well-being.
Friends' Place provides personal consultations to help cancer patients of all ages cope with changes in physical appearance that result from cancer treatment. Our experienced, compassionate team provides fittings for compression garments or breast prostheses, helps with wigs and other head coverings, and offers make-up and skincare advice.
The Friends' Corner Gift Shop, located on the first floor of the Yawkey Center for Cancer Care, offers a wide selection of unique gifts and everyday items for patients, families and staff.
Every year, thousands of patients with cancer from around the world come to Dana-Farber for their care. We provide a wide array of logistical and other services for individuals who live outside the United States.
Dana-Farber provides interpreting services for patients whose first language is not English. Interpreters may be requested for any activity, including registration, booking appointments, attending treatments and exams, support groups, and meetings with doctors and other members of your health care team.
Just for Teens provides programs and activities for teens and young adults with cancer at the Jimmy Fund Clinic and Children's Hospital Boston. We offer activities and events both inside and out of the hospital so that you have creative ways to pass the time and can meet other teens who are going through similar experiences.
Our nutritionists are registered dietitians who can assist you in planning an optimal diet during any stage of your cancer journey, cope with any side effects you may experience, and answer your questions about the latest findings on cancer and nutrition.
The Eleanor and Maxwell Blum Patient and Family Resource Center and its satellite resource rooms are staffed by health care professionals and provide computer stations, books, brochures, videos, and CDs to help you find information and support on a variety of issues about cancer treatment and care.
The Dana-Farber pharmacy fills prescriptions for all pediatric and adult patients. Our pharmacists are an extension of the patient care team and work closely with your physicians to provide seamless, convenient, safe care.
The School Liaison Program is for pediatric patients who are diagnosed with or have completed a treatment that involves the central nervous system. We provide consultation about the cognitive late effects of treatment to help parents understand and advocate for their child's learning needs.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 | Call us toll-free:


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MUMBAI: Archies, producer of greeting cards and gift products, has been appointed as a licensing partner for UNICEF products in India. As part of the partnership, Archies will manufacture, retail and distribute UNICEF greeting cards and paper products. Royalty from these products will go to fund UNICEF's programs in India.
UNICEF in turn will support Archies by providing support to achieve corporate social responsibility and business objectives.
The stock was at Rs 45.60, up 1.11 per cent on the NSE. It touched a high of Rs 47.20 and low of Rs 45.20 in trade so far.


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djm wrote:This paranoia about communicating with customers is getting really old and tiring.
rirana wrote:I've been a TDM user for a while now, and have been lurking on these forums for a while. However, I've only recently been driven to register an account on these forums to post a comment...
To echo the countless others who have made this plea/request/demand over the past years, I think that as paying customers, we should see a bit more transparency. I also agree with the REX folks, in that the public forums aren't the best place to provide such transparency.
Here's my suggestion: DaBlackBerryBoy has been perhaps your most fervent supporter, and from one of his previous posts, he appears to be a developer, as well. I would encourage you to send him a non-disclosure agreement, and then walk him through your current plans, as well as the previous two failed approaches. This could be conducted over WebEx, Go-To-Meeting or any other such remote conferencing medium. If he's close to your offices, you guys could perhaps meet up in person.
I don't know DaBlackBerryBoy, but I would trust his opinion as an ardent supporter of your products, based off the facts:
1). He owns your entire suite
2). He is an active poster on the community
3). He actively supports and promotes your product
4). He has actively reviewed the competition, and knows whether your RD2.0 release is going to be good.
5). He is a developer, and can better empathize with your development challenges.
I don't want to speak for you, DaBlackBerryBoy, but hopefully, you're up for this, as well...
rdale wrote:I do not know much about development but as fast as the marketplace can affect RIM and blackberry I would think that taking 3+ years to create a new version of the software is nearly a death sentence. My confidence in Rex is placed primarily as a result of DaBlackberryBoy's opinion that a new version is likely worth the wait.
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Rosatelli, G;
Stoppa, F;
Jones, AP;
Intrusive calcite-carbonatite occurrence from Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy.
, 64
615 - 624.
Intrusive calcite-carbonatite ejecta (sovite) in the lowermost tephra layers of the Mr. Vulture alkaline mafic-ultramafic volcano (Upper Pleistocene), is the first intrusive carbonatite sample from southern Europe. The sovite is of coarse granularity and shows some textural and mineralogical layering. It is mainly formed of calcite (up to 3.5 wt.% MgO, and 0.53 wt.% SrO), less dolomite (average 18.2 wt.% MgO, and up to 2.1 wt.% SrO), spinel (60 wt.% Al2O3, 26.5 wt.% MgO, 10.7 wt.% FeO) and olivine (Fo(99)). Perovskite and apatite have been found only as microlites. Intergranular vugs are scattered throughout the rucks and small composite inclusions occur in calcite. The mineral chemistry, high temperature melt inclusions, overall isotopic compositions, and the REE distribution are consistent with a primary igneous origin. Compared with world average sovite compositions, the Vulture sovite has lower LILE and HFSE but Rb, Sr, Th and U are high. The REE abundance is typical of carbonatites, having an LREE/HREE value of similar to 100. The delta(13)C (-4.8 parts per thousand SMOW) is in the range for mantle-derived carbonatites. The Nd-143/Nd-144 (0.512648+/-15) and Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.705978+/-10) ratios show close similarity between the sovite and the Vulture alkaline mafic rocks. The sovite ejecta are interpreted as a crystallization product of carbonate ultramafic liquid. In common with many shallow-level carbonatites from other localities, the recrystallization of rather pure Ma-calcite, the presence of dissolution vugs and the depletion of some HFSE and the relatively high delta(18)O values, suggest that a secondary process, such as hydrothermal leaching, affected the rock.
|Intrusive calcite-carbonatite occurrence from Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy
|intrusive carbonatite, alkali-mafic rocks, Mt. Vulture, Italy, WEST-EIFEL, GERMANY, XENOLITHS, GLASS, ROCKS
|UCL classification:
|UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Earth Sciences
Archive Staff Only
|View Item


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Violin Concerto, Op.44 (Myaskovsky, Nikolay)
This work is likely not in the public domain in the US (due to first publication with the required notice after 1922, plus renewal or "restoration" under the GATT/TRIPS amendments), nor in the EU and those countries where the copyright term is life+70 years. However, it is public domain in Canada (where IMSLP is hosted) and in other countries (China, Japan, S. Korea) where the copyright term is life+50 years.
No files submitted.
Sheet Music
Full Scores
I. Allegro ed appassionato (partial) (CA)
*#107220 - 0.41MB, 16 pp. - (5) - V/34/21
Moscow: Muzgiz, n.d. Plate M. 18228 Г.
Public Domain - Non-PD US, Non-PD EU [tag/del]
General Information
|Work Title
|Violin Concerto in D minor
|Alternative Title
|Myaskovsky, Nikolay
|Opus/Catalogue Number
|D minor
|3 movements
|Year/Date of Composition
|1938, revised 1939
|First Performance
|1939-01-10, Moscow
|First Publication
|Copyright Information
|This work is claimed to be under copyright in the USA due to
"restoration" via the GATT/TRIPS amendment (Section 104). NIE-V8001P260
|David Oistrakh
|Average Duration
|31 minutes
|Composer Time Period
|Early 20th century
|Piece Style
|Early 20th century
|violin and orchestra
|External Links
Wikipedia article (German)
Wikipedia article (Japanese)
Misc. Comments
- The instrumentation was taken from here.
The first (1938) version of the work can be heard in a broadcast recording included in an Oistrakh Edition set of CDs on Brilliant Classics; commercial recordings (almost?) entirely use the 1939 revision.
US premiere with orchestra given by Michel Piastro, violin, John Barbirolli conducting the Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York, at a student concert on March 1, 1941 (Concert Program from Archives.nyphil.org)


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Knocked Up Or Nah? Ciara Spotted Around Town Looking Pregnant As Ever
- By Bossip Staff Categories: Babies, Celebrity Seeds, Gut Full of Human
Just be honest with us…
Ciara Spotted Out Looking Pregnant
ATL songstress Ciara still has yet to officially confirm that she's got a lil baby Future baking in her oven, but this candid shot of her that popped up over the weekend pretty much confirms it all.
Cici might as well just come out and say it, riiiight?


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Hong Kong Disneyland overlooks the water at Penny's Bay on Lantau Island and is easily accessible via MTR.
This spectacular theme park brings together the best of the rides, shows and attractions from Disney theme parks around the world to create a mix of new and traditional Disney entertainment experiences.
The Star Ferry has been transporting passengers between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon for more than a century. For only HKD 2.50 to HKD 3, guests can enjoy this 7-minute ride and soak up the ambience of one of the world's busiest harbours with cargo, cruise ships and the occasional junk sailing by.
With 70 bird stalls showcasing a variety of melodious songbirds, this garden of courtyards and moongates is a sensory treat for the eyes and ears.
Songbirds remain a favourite pet of local men. Merchants stock items such as fancy teak cages and tiny porcelain water bowls. The garden is open from 7am to 8pm, and accessible via Prince Edward MTR.
64 Mody Road, Tsim Sha Tsui East, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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