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Adult Female Functional Literacy Programme (AFFLP)
Country Profile: Pakistan
182,143,000 (2013)
|Official Languages
Urdu, Pashto, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi
|Poverty (Population living on less than US$2.00 per day)
|Total Expenditure on Education as % of GNP
2.5 (2013)
|Access to Primary Education – Total Net Intake Rate (NIR)
Total: 71.9% (2013)
|Total Youth Literacy Rate (15-24 years)
Total: 70.8% (2011)
|Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and over, 2010 - 2011)
Total: 54.7% (2011)
Programme Overview
|Programme Title
|Adult Female Functional Literacy Programme (AFFLP)
|Implementing Organization
|BUNYAD Literacy Community Council (BLCC)
|Language of Instruction
|Programme Partners
|USAID under the Education Sector Reform Assistance (ESRA) Programme and BLCC
|Date of Inception
|2003 –
BUNYAD Literacy Community Council (BLCC) was formed in 1992 and registered in 1994 as a national non governmental organisation (NGO). Recognising that development is a multidimensional process, BLCC has adopted a multisectoral approach towards the promotion of development in Pakistan. To this end, BLCC is currently implementing a number of diverse yet inter-linked programmes, including literacy and education, health (sanitation, HIV/AIDS awareness, reproductive health), child labour, women empowerment and poverty alleviation, micro-credit and business development, farming and environment. These programmes are funded by various local and international organisations such as UN agencies (UNICEF, UNESCO, UNDP), CIDA, USAID, ILO and local business organisations. While BLCC generally endeavours to assist and empower underprivileged and marginalised communities in Pakistan, the Adult Female Functional Literacy Programme (AFFLP) is specifically tailored to meet the educational needs of rural women (aged between 15 and 25) through the provision of functional literacy training assistance. The overall goal is to empower women in order to enhance their capacity to improve their standard of life.
Context and Background
Despite considerable progress made in recent years towards the provision of basic educational opportunities for all, levels of illiteracy in Pakistan remain disturbingly high. Between 1995 and 2005 the adult literacy rate, although increasing slightly, was only 50 per cent. In addition, the disparity in the levels of literacy between women and men is also high. For example, between 1995 and 2004, the literacy rate for males and females aged 15–24 years was 77 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively. During the same period, the female literacy rate was as low as 35 per cent for adults aged 24 years and above and was believed to be even lower among rural-based women.
In general, access to education for all is hindered by several factors, including poverty, low state funding of the educational sector (for example in 2005, total expenditure on education was 2.4 per cent of GNP), mismanagement and corruption. The National Geographic summed up these problems more pointedly, 'It's not unusual in Pakistan to hear of public schools that receive no books, no supplies and no subsidies from the government. Thousands more are "ghost schools" that exist only on paper, to line the pockets of phantom teachers and administrators'. Further challenges arise from the political instability and insecurity which particularly limits access to education for people living in some rural areas, especially women.
Additionally, the gender disparity with regards to access to education is fuelled by various socio-cultural factors including: the practice of early marriages which prevents girls/women from continuing with their education; conservative religious beliefs which fuels negative attitudes towards educating girls; and shortage of female teachers in a social context that restricts the interaction of females with unrelated males.
BLCC initiated the AFFLP which primarily endeavours to assist women aged between 15 and 25 years to either gain access to education, or resume their studies after failing to continue due to the challenges outlined above.
Adult Female Functional Literacy Programme (AFFLP)
The AFFLP, non-formal education programme, is currently being implemented in the sub-district of Daska Markaz (Sialkot District) as part of the USAID-funded Education Sector Reform Assistance (ESRA) programme. Daska Markaz consists of 12 Union Councils (nine rural and three urban) with an estimated 36,186 households. Daska Markaz has limited educational services and as a result, about 25 per cent of children aged between eight and nine years are out of school while 23 per cent of children aged between ten and 14 years are illiterate. The illiteracy rate is significantly higher for women aged between 15 and 25 years, the majority of whom had no or limited access to basic primary education and are therefore the primary targets of the AFFLP. AFFLP is an integrated programme which offers literacy, vocational, business and life skills training as well as civic (human rights, peace building), health (reproductive, HIV/AIDS, nutrition) and agricultural education.
Aims and Objectives
The project endeavours to:
- improve the basic and functional literacy skills of rural women aged between 15 and 25 years
- promote poverty eradication through literacy empowerment
- empower women to make positive contributions to their communities
- raise health awareness, particularly reproductive, among women
- raise public awareness about the importance of adult female literacy for community development.
Programme Implementation: Approaches and Methodologies
The project began in 2003 and was implemented in two phases: Phase 1, September 2003 to December 2004 and Phase 2, January 2005 to April 2006. During these two phases, the project was implemented in 182 villages across the sub-district.
Community Mobilisation
BLCC has been working with local communities in Daska Markaz since 1999 and by the time the AFFLP was launched strong working partnerships had been established with community leaders and community-based organisations (CBOs). Nonetheless, before the launch of the AFFLP, BLCC conducted community-based qualitative and quantitative needs assessments in Daska Markaz. In the process, about 5211 potential programme participants aged between 15 and 25, the majority of whom had never attended school, were interviewed and the results revealed the need to implement literacy training for women. The surveys were also used to communicate the purpose and significance of the literacy project to the community.
Most importantly, the existing social networks enabled BLCC to mobilise community support as well as learners through community-based sensitisation and dialogue meetings. For example, BLCC held about 101 meetings with community leaders and other influential persons in different locations during which they were briefed about the project: its objectives, the importance of improved female literacy on community development and most importantly, the importance of their active involvement for the success of the programme. Following these meetings, BLCC established Village Education Communities (VEC) and Family Education Communities (FEC). The VECs and FECs were given the responsibility, for example, of identifying and encouraging learners to join the project as well as maintaining and organising activities relating to ESRA literacy centres in their areas.
Recruitment and Training of Teachers
Recruitment of teachers was based on their commitment to education and skills development as well as their teaching experience and qualifications. Two hundred and forty-two teachers were recruited and trained in adult education teaching methodologies, curriculum content and class management and organisation. BLCC also conducted monthly follow-up training workshops for teachers.
Programme Impact and Challenges
Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring of the project was undertaken on an ongoing basis using the various organisational structures of BLCC. Thus social/community mobilisers and teachers were responsible for ensuring the learners' continued attendance in classes and progress in acquiring literacy skills. On the other hand, project coordinators and managers were responsible for monitoring the work of the teachers, supervisors and activities at the learning centres. They also provided continuous training support and assistance to the teachers and the VECs and FECs to address the challenges which arose during the programme implementation process. As such, constant contact had been kept with the community through the regular meetings of VEC and FEC so that their participation ensured the smooth running and the success of the centres.
A total of 5600 learners has participated in the programme. The learners have acquired basic functional literacy and numeracy skills in Urdu and English and a variety of vocational skills. A majority of the graduates (86 per cent) are now able to read and write while 14 per cent require remedial assistance. Ultimately, with improved reading skills, most learners are now able to lead more independent lives as they do not have to, for example, ask for directions when travelling or ask for assistance to administer medication to their families. Similarly, but perhaps most importantly, most learners are now able to read the Qur'an or the Bible, which was often the primary motivation in joining the literacy programme. The programme has promoted intergenerational learning because the mothers and their children are now assisting each other to learn various literacy skills. This has, in turn, cultivated positive relationships between parents and their children. Many learners acquired vocational skills such as cutting and sewing skills and are positively contributing towards family subsistence. This has enhanced the status of women within their families and communities. In addition, the project has improved their confidence and thus enabled them to be proactive agents of social change and progress. Two hundred and forty-one community-based teachers have been trained and these will remain an invaluable community resource for a long time. Already some teachers in cooperation with VECs and FECs, are independently implementing developmental projects in their communities.
Challenges and Solutions
Social resistance
Some community leaders and influential families prevented the establishment of community learning centres in the villages. As a result, a number of meetings were arranged with community elders and the programme was further explained to them with regards to the benefits of literacy centres for community development. In most cases, centres were only established after community leaders and elders were convinced that they would be responsible for running and monitoring centre activities. Some of the challenges faced and their remedies were:
- Adolescent girls and young adult women are often not permitted to leave their homes unaccompanied by a male relative due to conservative traditions. As a remedy, literacy classes were organised in village centres close to participants' homes. Additionally, learning centres were established in homes of highly respected local teachers who guaranteed the moral security of the participants.
Some parents were fearful that the literacy programmes would lead to the marginalisation of their religious beliefs. To ameliorate these fears, BUNYAD developed a curriculum which integrates learning in Arabic (the language of the Qur'an) and Urdu, the language spoken by most participants. Equally important, BUNYAD developed easy-to-read learning materials which were distributed to parents to demonstrate to them that the programme was not undermining tradition and that, in fact, it was strengthening it. This gave some parents confidence in the programme, resulting in more learners enrolling. BUNYAD also shared with the parents, the aim of learners to be able to read the Urdu translation of the Holy Qur'an. This really excited the parents and the young women, after reading the 30 chapters of the Holy Qur'an in Urdu, were more comfortable to continue learning.
Due to high rates of poverty, many potential learners could not afford to attend classes due to family responsibilities.
- Most learners were frustrated after failing to be employed after graduating from the project. As a result, programme emphasis is now on vocational skills training which would increase self-employment opportunities for learners.
BLCC has established Community Citizens Boards (CCBs) and entrusted them to spearhead the initiation and implementation of programme activities within their communities as well as to undertake fundraising activities. With regards to the latter, BLCC has linked the CCBs to commercial banks such as the Khushali Bank and local governments, providing invaluable lines of cheap loans. In addition, the establishment of the BUNYAD micro-credit enterprise has enabled BLCC to fund its activities from internal resources as well as to assist programme participants with short-term and cheap loans for income generating activities. Finally, demand for functional literacy skills programmes among women is still high due their limited opportunities to access quality education.
- http://www.bunyad.org.pk/Present.htm
- Belt, Don, «Struggle for the Soul of Pakistan», National Geographic 9 (2007), 59
- Special Section Poverty Alleviation: Initiative Taken by Bunyad
Ms Shaheen Attiq-ur-Rahman
Vice Chairperson
Bunyad Literacy Community Council
P.O. Box No. 6013 Lahore Cantt
Tel:(92-42) 5600621 or 5600692
Tel. Fax: (92-42) 5600293 or 6661817
email: User: shaheenbunyad9
Host: (at) gmail.com; User: shaheenbunyad
Host: (at) yahoo.com
Riaz Ahmed
District Coordinator Sialkot
email: User: sialkot
Host: (at) bunyad.org.pk
Last update: 16 July 2010


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Blessed John Paul II Parish Community Garden
The Blessed John Paul II parish community garden is an idea that came about in an effort to give back healthy and nutritious food to families that are unable to afford to buy them. The vegetables and eventually fruits will be given to both parish members and also non-parish members. There is a food shelter approximately one mile away, Operation Good Neighbor, whom will receive the majority of items that we grow. Another way we plan to give back is to hold events during the summer to take the grown vegetables and create a full dinner out of them and take the dinner to another local food bank, Little Portion Friary.
The building and maintenance of the garden is truly a community project. The raised garden beds are being built with the local boy scouts and other volunteers. The seeds will be started with the help of our school that is also located at the garden site. Each classroom will start seeds and maintain them, until the planting season arrives. This will be a very educational experience for the children. When the planting and maintaining of the garden arrives, we have thirty families who have signed up to volunteer. We want to make this a genuine family experience for all involved.
We are hoping that the people we reach with these items will then come and help with the garden. We have plenty of room to expand and within three years we hope to triple the size of the garden and also have blueberry bushes along with apple and pear trees.
About us:
KGI is a nonprofit community of over 30,000 people who are growing some of our own food and helping others to do the same.
Join our mailing list:
Connect with us:
Contact us:
Kitchen Gardeners International
3 Powderhorn Drive,
Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
(207) 956-0606

subset: commoncrawl


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- Chinese Kung Fu really cool! Hainan Tour Highlights affected children in Japan
- Zhangong research projects focus on price cuts will help smooth Zhengzhou Beltway
- Chongqing additional Pratt & Whitney Government kindergartens do not charge admission prices sponsorship
- Borrowing profiteering? Small loans company "innocence"
- The use of computer-synthesized "Pornographic", "private detective agency" falsely leading experts
Yudong run on both sides of the Yangtze River Bridge, a unique car, the middle of running light rail
August 4, Yudong Yangtze River Bridge, two will open to traffic. Chongqing Morning News reporter Huang Yushe
Chongqing Morning News Yudong Yangtze River Bridge opened to traffic in 2008 the upper reaches of the demi, demi downstream opening soon, possibly as tomorrow (August 6) traffic. Reporter yesterday from the Yudong Yangtze River Bridge Construction Headquarters was informed, Yudong demi downstream Yangtze River Bridge opened to traffic, two bridges will be turned into a one-way traffic, more spacious: the upstream half-size to large ferry to Banan, the downstream half-amplitude of Pakistan south Dadukou.
Two bridge height does not exceed 1 cm
Yangtze River Bridge south Yudong Yudong, Banan District, north of the town wins big ferry building. Northernmost point in the large ferry and Chen Tuo Road junction, the glass factory, under the white-Wan, Jiansheng tourism school, Chen House, under construction across the Yangtze River at the water plant wins, and then through the silk spinning factory, river plants, gongs British units, and finally connecting Chongqing South Road. Among them, the whole bridge is about 1541.6 km, in addition to 860 meters of the main bridge, but also includes Chen Court South Bridge Interchange Interchange Interchange two, and the next Baijiawan Bridge, Jiansheng Bridge, cross river bridge Factory Bridge 3 seat.
The end of 2008, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Bridge demi opening Yudong, Banan Yudong to large from the ferry, 60 km / hour speed limits, drive only 3 minutes. Run from the current monitoring point of view, running in good condition.
Downstream half-size in early 2009 to start building. "The challenge has been built upstream demi, therefore, half-size downstream of the bridge type, height, demi curve should be in line with upstream, I can not lower your high, build it should be like twins," Command Chief Engineer Zhao Castle said that after precision design and construction, two demi bridge height, not more than 1 cm.
Bridge to create a "three firsts"
Chongqing Morning News reporters Zuo Rizai and Xian Chang saw two demi has even become a full Yudong Yangtze River Bridge, from afar, the bridge-and Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge, Ka Wah Jialing River Bridge about the same. Yudong Yangtze River Bridge crossing in the big bridge, the bridge plate has been placed on both sides is completed, a bridge relief and introduction of color, color embossed look more beautiful.
According to reports, Yudong Yangtze River Bridge to create a "three firsts." Because light rail track to be 5.5 meters, 4 meters car lanes, lane Yudong Yangtze River Bridge required a wider than ordinary bridge, downstream demi after the opening of the bridge deck width 41.6 m, a similar bridge on the Yangtze River in the widest Crossing the River Bridge. Because the extension of the track to go through a second line Yudong Yangtze River Bridge, Bridge the middle two tracks, both sides of the three lanes, light rail, car driving on the bridge the same plane, also the first in the country. Among them, Yudong Yangtze River Bridge has created a "world first", is the world's largest public-span continuous rigid frame concrete dual-rail bridge.
Red China will have elements of painting and
Yudong Yangtze River Bridge pavement, street lights and so on has been installed and has passed the load test, waiting for the official opening.
At present, the opening of the upper half frame is two-way traffic during peak hours sometimes crowded. Demi downstream after the opening of two bridges will be turned into a one-way traffic, more spacious: the upstream half-size to large ferry to Banan, Banan Tai for the downstream half-amplitude crossing. Currently, traffic signs line has also been drawn.
Bridge opened to traffic, the next step will be painting the bridge, and the installation of night lighting. In particular, the color coating is quite distinctive, full-bridge primary color is gray, but the bridge flange with Chinese red elements.
The bridge crossing the great bridge, built embrace River Park, and embrace the river is building the tower, a forest lush park, where visitors can climb after the tour Yangtze River views.
Bridge design life of 100 years of electronic eyes, crash barriers to ensure safety
Recently, many national bridge safety problems, Yudong Yangtze River Bridge design life of 100 years, how to protect the safety of operation?
Yudong Yangtze River Bridge, deformation monitoring points set up to ensure the safe operation of the bridge. And invited Chongqing Jiaotong University, the bridge prestressed testing, test condition is good, like the human skeleton, more robust, with longer.
Bridge, two bridges were installed 16 high-definition "electronic eye", the camera can observe the bridge, all parts of the pier, just in the management of space you can monitor the whole bridge, monitoring traffic safety, pedestrian safety, observe the existence of illegal operations, destruction of facilities, etc., the picture is very clear.
Since the middle of the bridge run to the light rail, in order to ensure safety, the use of isolation with the two modes are separated, and the crash barrier requirements are particularly high. Light of the crash barrier with the four very thick steel pipe, set the height of an adult's neck. Zhao Castle said, the high will be installed after the anti-throw net, to avoid influence from the parabolic orbit of the car running.
Bridge design is also very attention to detail, both ends of the bridge is not only half the height of the anti-wall, on both sides of the sidewalk from the roadway deck height of about 40-50 cm, to avoid the car out of control onto the sidewalk. Why have the sidewalk elevation, Zhao Castle explained, demi more attention to the downstream bridge line, because the arch is higher than the bridge, so for a regulation, arch at the sidewalk is 40 cm, at the pier is 50 cm, overall looks on the flat, to avoid the emergence of up and down the sidewalk of the "wave."
Bridge pier design a "watershed point," is an outward bulge pier sharp corners, so that can not only break the momentum of the river, you can effectively break down the ship's impact.


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Reflections on Montessori Trip by AP Psych
The highlight of my trip was reconnecting with my kindergarten teacher whom I hadn't seen for thirteen years. It was a moment of excitement and tears, but mostly joy. Since then, we have kept in touch and we plan on having a class reunion with my kindergarten class before we all graduate from high school.
–Makalah McElroy
I was very impressed by the many different methods the school had for teaching the younger kindergarten children. I was especially impressed by all the mathematical things they had that taught kids to count by threes, fours, fives, etc. The curriculum seemed to be very aware of the certain limitations children at their specific ages have. I've seen first hand proof that their efforts are successful. I was extremely impressed by the children's organization. Having volunteered at Reach Academy, I understand that picking up after a child and even more so getting the children to pick up after themselves can be a lot of work. The children at Valley Montesorri picked up after themselves which is something I haven't seen any child that age do.
–Kyle Debro
I had a great experience observing the kids at Valley Montessori! The classroom that I observed first was a three-six year old class and they were absolutely adorable. They were obviously quite social with each other but still at the same time very independent. It was very interesting to observe their social skills because at the time when we were in the classroom, a conflict erupted between two children and the one who was hurt used a "peace flower" to talk to the child that had hurt him. The "peace flower" was a way to facilitate a conversation about what happened. While all this was happening, a little boy came up to our group and offered us crackers! It was adorable. He then went off to play with his friends and as he was playing, we heard him say a word incorrectly which showed an overgeneralization in language. We then heard the teacher call in all of the children into a circle, but she did not use the word children. She called them friends, and it was very interesting to see how this impacted their social identity. I had a wonderful time at Valley Montessori and it definitely brought back many memories from when I attended Bay Side Montessori as a toddler.
–Polina Goncharova
I learned from Valley Montessori school that everything that the teachers did with their students was very hands on. They made sure the children used their hands and even had instruments the children could use to stimulate the hand muscles. This showed that the school was focusing on the motor skills of the children, which is something we've learned about in AP Psychology. The teachers at Valley Montessori school were very caring towards the children and I never once saw a teacher yell at a kid when they were doing something opposite than what they were supposed to be doing. While visiting Valley Montessori I noticed that the younger children had a pre-conventional morality. For example, when it was a circle time in the classroom for the three years old, a couple kids got up and started doing what they wanted to instead of sitting down as everybody else was. Those children were focusing on their own self-interest.
–Chenoa Lewis
The thing that stood out most to me when visiting the Montessori school was learning about the Practical Life part of the 3-6 year old's classroom. I went to Montessori school from preschool-5th grade so I was familiar with the activities but growing up I had never known why. I never knew it was because Maria Montessori was trying to develop children's fine motor skills first with moving from elbow, than whole hand then the fine skills used for writing. I thought that was very interesting.
In terms of things I learned there that connected to things we learned in class, the structure of the 3-6 class reflected Erikson's stage of initiative vs shame and guilt. The children choose their own works (taking initiative) and develop their own sense of purpose at school. When we walked in on the children (3-6) being dismissed by the sound of the first letter of their name, we saw a way the Montessori school tries to help the children within the preoperational stage. By using the sound of the letter in direct association with the child's name, the children begin to understand that theses sounds have actual symbolic meaning.
–Alexandra Maher
I had an excellent time observing the children at Valley Montessori. It was nice to be able to apply what we were learning in class to real life. When we were observing the children in a preschool-age classroom, I notice a couple of little boys playing around. One ducked behind a cabinet so that the other could not see him and it seemed as though the boy thought that his friend wasn't there anymore. Even though these children were probably around the age of 3 or 4, this exchange would suggest that at least one of them did not yet have a sense of object permanence, which Piaget would have said that the children would already have. In another instance when we were in a kindergarten(ish) age classroom, the children were talking to their teacher and one child said, "he leaved" as opposed to "he went" or "he left." This application of regular grammar rules to an irregular situation would be an example of overgeneralization. It was super cute.
–Sidonie Osbourne
I had a great time while visiting Valley Montessori. It was interesting and I learned a lot. I was in a classroom of kids between the ages of 3 and 6. I was fascinated by the way they acted in the classroom. They were very independent when it came to doing work. This would be an example of intrinsic motivation. They acted mature for their age. The kids were very nice and would come up to me and say hi. I noticed that the girls were more focused when it came to doing work. The boys would usually just walk around and do different activities for short periods of time. On the other side where I was sitting, there was this little girl who was trying to play an instrument; I think it was a xylophone. She was struggling for a while and then the teacher came and modeled her how to use it and once she finished modeling it, the little girl knew how to play it easily. This would be a good example of observational learning.
–Robert Talley
In the Montessori school, I found many different way of educating the students there. The students are not required to sit in fixed seats during the whole class and appears to be very casual with the teachers. They learn to look after themselves at a very young age and are required to follow a bunch of rules to strengthen their sense of responsibility for the society. During class, the teachers are not strict about the means of having classes. They can be divided into groups and work anywhere in the classroom. One different thing that stands out to me was that the students didn't raise their hands before saying words but instead blurt out their words casually like discussion. There were also many items in the classroom to foster the students' social skills such as recognizing the countries in the world, nurturing plants. And the atmosphere in the school was also harmonious that everyone worked thoughtfully. Generally the school was very different from my old schools.
–Ximing Xiao


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Dothan Leisure Services has announced that extended registration for Fall Fast-Pitch Softball will begin Monday, August 12th.
This registration will be taking place starting on Monday, August 12th at 3:30pm and lasting through 5:30pm at the Doug Tew Recreation Center. This is for the fall league, ages 8-12, and to fill in any remaining available spots on teams only.
Parents and guardians seeking more information can contact Roy Kitts at 334-615-3700.


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The main constituent of Green Coffee Bean Extract is Chlorogenic Acid which is completely natural and healthy. This active component called Chlorogenic Acid mainly prevents glucose to reach the bloodstream that consequently helps stopping fat creation. It's simple, no sugar means no fat. Usually sugar turns into fat when its not burnt. Green coffee extract helps to boost your metabolism and also enhances the burning of fat in the liver. The liver is generally responsible for meting out all the fat in our body. Chlorogenic Acid present in Green Coffee metabolizes sugar, metabolizes fat and helps your body to lose weight naturally.
This component not only burns fat in your body but also helps combating against free radicals in your bloodstream. It's an excellent anti-oxidant. These beans also promotes anti-aging, improves circulation of blood and strengthens your immune system.
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- This new product is getting lots of media attention lately due to its ability to burn fat without undergoing any tiring workouts or diets. Green Coffee Extract automatically enhances your body's function to burn more fat. Recently Dr.Oz promoted this product for weight loss. Usually Dr.Oz never promotes weight loss supplements as every year new products come and go. But the benefits of Green Coffee Extract were scientifically proven hence it's no scam.
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Program Educational Objectives
The CCEE Department has developed the following educational objectives for graduates of the CE program. Three to six years after graduation, graduates who choose to practice in the Civil Engineering field should:
- Achieve a level of technical competency that allows them to advance in engineering practice and/or research.
- Pursue lifelong learning, such as graduate study and other professional education, and professional licensure.
- Engage in service to the profession through involvement in professional societies, community activities, and educational outreach.
ABET Student Outcomes
Student outcomes reflect the knowledge, skills, and technical abilities students will need in order to achieve the program educational objectives. At the time of graduation, students in the civil engineering program shall demonstrate:
- An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics through differential equations, calculus-based physics, chemistry, geology, and engineering (ABET outcome 3a).
- An ability to design and conduct civil engineering experiments as well as analyze and interpret data (ABET outcome 3b).
- An ability to design a system, component, or process in more than one civil engineering context to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability (ABET outcome 3c).
- An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams (ABET outcome 3d).
- An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (ABET outcome 3e).
- An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility (ABET outcome 3f).
- An ability to communicate effectively (ABET outcome 3g).
- An ability to understand the impacts of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context (ABET outcome 3h).
- A recognition of the need for and ability to engage in life-long learning and obtain professional licensure (ABET outcome 3i).
- A knowledge of contemporary issues (ABET outcome 3j).
- An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice (ABET outcome 3k).
- A knowledge of management, leadership, and business practices (outcome added by CE Department).


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Dad always thought laughter was the best medicine, which I guess is why several of us died of tuberculosis.
Jack Handey
Contributed by: Zaady
In a democracy dissent is an act of faith. Like medicine, the test of its value is not in its taste, but in its effects.
J. William Fulbright (1905 - 1995)
The only medicine for suffering, crime, and all the other woes of mankind, is wisdom.
Thomas Huxley (1825 - 1895)
Source: Science and Education, 1868.
Medicine is the most distinguished of all the arts, but through the ignorance of those who practice it, and of those who casually judge such practitioners, it is now of all the arts by far the least esteemed.
Hippocrates (c.460 - 400 BC)
Source: Law
Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food.
To array a man's will against his sickness is the supreme art of medicine.
Henry Ward Beecher (1813 - 1887)
Money may be the husk of many things, but not the kernel. It brings you food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health; acquaintances, but not friends; servants, but not faithfulness; days of joy, but not peace or happiness.
Henrik Ibsen (1828 - 1906)
There is honor in labor. Work is the medicine of the soul. It is more: it is your very life, without which you would amount to little.
Grenville Kleiser (1868 - 1953)
The law and medicine should be very serious professions to undertake, should they not? People's lives and fortunes depend on them.
George Eliot (1819 - 1880)
Barn-yard medicine has not given us any vaccination procedure that really protects against illness, but many that endanger the body, that even bring death.
Dr. Guttman
Source: extract from Biologische Heilkunst, 1932
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


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Adobe Creative Suite – InDesign
Ask IT: Question & Answer Forum:
Do the computers in the library have InDesign, on Adobe Creative Suite?
Pamela Mufson
Hi Pamela!
All of the computers on the 4th, 5th, and 6th floor do have Adobe Creative Suite, which include InDesign. If you would ever like to check on other available software, there is a list on the library's website and can be found here: http://www.fitnyc.edu/8535.asp
I hope that was helpful!
Thank you,
Meredith Perkins
IT- Interactive Media Coordinator
Technology Development Team
email: email@example.com
vm: 212-217-3393
Category: Academic Computing, ASK IT ANSWERS, Computer Lab Info, Software, Student Info.


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Berlin holds hearing on allowing crematoriums in residential neighborhoods
BERLIN – The city council will hold a public hearing at its Dec. 2 meeting on amending the zoning ordinance to allow crematoriums in a residential general zone by special exception.
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Sep 27
Nerve8 @ The Hard Rock Cafe Boston
Aug 23
Jul 20
[Description] Nerve8 Live at the House of Blues Boston- Foundation Room for the much anticipated CD release Show. Joining us will be Animals and Shapes for an incredible night of music. If you've never been to the Foundation Room at the House of Blues you owe it to yourself to experience this swanky venue in Boston. Tickets are $10.00 and includes a copy of the new Nerve8 CD
Jun 7
Evolvement Music Presents... GOOD MUSIC:GOOD PEOPLE Concert Event Live at Steeple Hall in Downtown Newburyport, MA June 7, 2013 Doors 7pm TIX $10 in Advance - $12 at the Door Tickets Available Here: www.EvolvementRadio.com ALL AGES Featuring Live Music and Vendor/Promotional Booths! Join Evolvement Music at one of the Finest Music Hall's in the area for live performances from 5 awesome acts! This ALL AGES event also showcases several area businesses and artisans lining the sides of the hall! Bring your family and friends of all ages! And...it is hosted by EVOLVEMENT RADIO's own Michael Bernier, Big Ben, and Green Minute Kristin! Check out the performers... Animals and Shapes - www.AnimalsAndShapes.com NERVE 8 - www.Nerve8Music.com The Cantstanjas - CD RELEASE! - https://www.facebook.com/thecantstanjas The Young Bohemians - www.facebook.com/TheYoungBohemians David Corson - www.facebook.com/DavidAllenCorson Interested Vendors Email email@example.com SEE YOU AT THE SHOW!
May 5
After an awesome night and a great turnout last spring, we're excited to announce that Local Live at the Blue Ocean Music Hall will return on May 5, 201 with repeat performances from three of the best Alternative Rock Bands in the area! As was the case last year, Early Ticket Purchase is $15.00, $20.00 if purchased after April 20. Doors open at 7:00 pm. There will also be an online ticket purchase option this year, details to follow. Tickets are limited and expected to go fast, please contact us here on Facebook and grab them early so you don't miss out on this highly anticipated event! Come celebrate Cinco de Mayo with a rock show at this spectacular venue, we're gonna recreate all the magic from last year and then some! Hope to see you there!
Sounds Like: The Killers, Radiohead, Modest Mouse, Kings Of Leon, The Bravery
Manager: Terry Marengi
Bio: Nerve 8 is a Salisbury-based rock band formed in 2010, by former Moonshyne guitarist/vocalist Terry Marengi. Other current members as of 2013 consist of Corey Dobson (Drums, Vocals), Cameron Kaszuba (Synthesizers, Percussion), DJ Marengi (Guitar), and Tim Phillips (Bass, Vocals). Since their sol...See Full Bio


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Vandalia GMAC Real Estate announced this week that it has become a franchisee of Real Living real estate.
Now known as Real Living Vandalia Real Estate, the local business is part one of the fastest-growing and most innovative real estate networks in the nation. The company is known for its suite of online tools for consumers and agents.
Since 2002, when Real Living was founded, the company has built a reputation as a consumer-friendly brand, focused on staying ahead of consumers' needs in a changing real estate market.
Entering the New Year-Brownstown 1911
By Anna Jean Rhodes
By Belinda Harpster
Gospel Showcase is Jan. 1 at Kinmundy
Kinmundy Christian Church will be hosting its fifth annual Holiday Gospel Showcase concert at 6 p.m. this Saturday.
Headlining the concert will the Southern Sound from Nashville, Tenn., one of the premier male quartets in Southern gospel music. Also on the program will be Aaron Wilburn (a singer, songwriter and comedian) and several members of the Homecoming Gospel Choir.
By Edith Elliott
We just celebrated Christmas, the birthday of our Lord and Savior, Jesus the Christ. I ask you to consider reading and praying with the Prologue of John's Gospel (verses 1-14) as we begin another New Year.
The Prologue is as deeply theological as it is beautiful. John the Evangelist proclaims the Incarnation of God, the most fundamental truth of Christianity, in the immortal words of his Prologue as he makes the connection between Jesus Christ and the Logos or Word of God.
Scherrie Giamanco, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency state executive director, reminds producers who want to obtain a Market Assistance Loan before the end of the year should contact their local Farm Service Agency office as soon as possible.
Farm Service Agency offices need time to process the loans and prepare the loan documents. Market Assistance Loans are marketing tools available to producers to allow for more orderly marketing of commodities throughout the year.
The Fayette County Soil and Water Conservation District is again holding a tree sale.
The district has ordered large quantities of trees to sell, and available during this year's sale are white pine, Norway spruce, blue spruce, red oak and white dogwood trees.
White pine and Norway spruce trees make good windbreaks; they both grow relatively fast and have a fairly good survival rate.
The blue spruce tree, which grows a little slower, is a good ornamental tree, and the red oak is a slow-growing hardwood tree good for shade.
Benefit for Clifford Ray is on Jan. 9
A benefit for Clifford Ray will be held from 11 a.m.-4 p.m. on Sunday, Jan. 9 at the Vandalia Moose Lodge.
A longtime employee of the city of Vandalia and a member of the Vandalia Volunteer Fire Department for more than 25 years, Ray has been diagnosed with multiple brain tumors and is currently traveling to the Barnes-Siteman Center in St. Louis five days a week for treatments.
The benefit will include a spaghetti dinner with all of the sides, a live auction and a silent auction.
Copyright © 2016
The Leader Union is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Vandalia, Il, and the surrounding area.


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"We talk about it all the time," said Dr. Najma Ahmed, author of the study and a trauma center physician. "But they really do think they're invincible. They really think that because they're young they could survive anything and that only old people die in hospitals."
Dr. Ahmed and her colleagues surveyed 260 students 15 to 17 years old for a study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons.
Labels: driving, risky_behavior, safety
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The characters in the 2007 comedy Knocked Up couldn't even bring themselves to say the word abortion. They opted instead for the nonsensical rhyme shmashmortion. That's about par for Hollywood's curious course in the 21st century, when the raunchy can still be awfully timid.
Obvious Child has no such reticence. It treats the word, and the subject, about as honestly as a mainstream American move ever has.
It's a modest little film, more an 84-minute sketch than a full-blown feature. You're left wanting a little more. But writer-director Gillian Robespierre and star Jenny Slate pack in a deceptive level of substance. Slate plays Donna, a stand-up comedian who works effortlessly blue on all variety of womanly matters. She gets dumped by her boyfriend at the start of the film, then falls into a one-night stand with a nice guy (Jake Lacy). He sees what we see: Donna's abrasive style comes with genuine vulnerability.
Some of the film's truest moments come in the basement comedy club where Donna tries out new material. That's where her boyfriend decides he's no longer comfortable with being grist for the laugh mill (he's also been cheating), and where the camaraderie of funny people emerges as a combination of performance and confession. Obvious Child smartly and economically presents comedy as a sacred act, a means to communicate what otherwise goes unsaid.
That includes the word that rhymes with shmashmortion. Obvious Child's quiet daring comes into focus when Donna curls up next to her mother (Polly Draper) and tells her what's up. Mom, generally disapproving of her daughter's aimless ways, blinks a little and talks about the time in college when she found herself in a similar bind. It's a small scene, but it's unlike anything I've seen before at the movies.
Someone will surely, willfully miss the point and claim Obvious Child is "pro-abortion," ignoring the tear that streaks Slate's cheek in a deftly muted moment. The truth, of course, is more complex, and it comes with some delicious irony: A foul-mouthed comedy with an immature heroine has treated a thorny issue with remarkable candor.
Directed by Gillian Robespierre. R (language and sexual content). 84 mins. At the Landmark Magnolia and Angelika Plano.
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Journal: Materials, 2010
Volume: 3
Number: 2567
Article: Novel Materials through Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Processing: Negative Thermal Expansion Oxides and Beyond
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Big Sean blesses the Jimmy Kimmel stage with an EXCELLENT performance. Kelly Rowland is also looking better than ever!!
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Don't miss our Annual Members Planning Meeting and Elections on Monday January 16th, 2012 at the East Lake Library Community Room. During this annual planning session we solicit input from our member communities and the public in order to develop an agenda and priorities for the coming year. All member communities are encouraged to send their designated representative to this important meeting to help influence our direction for the year. Changes to Bylaws and Elections for Board of Directors will be held as well.
January 16, 2012 at 7pm - East Lake Community Library
Contact Don Ewing
Council of North County Neighborhoods, Inc.
PO Box 2402
Tarpon Springs, FL 34688-2402