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occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations, but breeds in a single nation
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
Global Range: (250-20,000 square km (about 100-8000 square miles)) BREEDING: southwestern Washington south through mountains to southern California and west-central Nevada. Populations fragmented within range (AOU 1983, Pearson 1997). NON-BREEDING: primarily from Durango and southern Nuevo Leon south to Oaxaca, from Chiapas to Guatemala, and southern Honduras to western Nicaragua (Pearson 1997). Rare and/or local in coastal California (from central California south) and in west-central Nicaragua and Costa Rica; accidental to western Panama (AOU 1983, Stiles and Skutch 1989, Pearson 1997). Highest densities in Central Volcanic Belt of Mexico (Howell and Webb 1995). MIGRATION: through Sonora, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosi, and rarely northern Baja California.
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Physical Description
Length: 14 cm
Weight: 10 grams
Type Information
Catalog Number: USNM 30681
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Birds
Sex/Stage: Male; Adult
Preparation: Skin: Whole
Collector(s): O. Salvin & F. Godman
Year Collected: 1861
Locality: Volcan De Fuego, Guatemala, North America
- Cotype: Salvin. August 1863. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. for 1863 (2): 187, pl. 24, fig. 2.
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
Comments: BREEDING: Generally in upland coniferous forests with high canopy volume; shrub understories less important (Pearson 1997, AOU 1998). Prefers mature stands of pine and fir, with large trees and dense cover; prefers scattered groups of tall trees emergent from canopy (USDA Forest Service 1994). Douglas-fir (PSEUDOSTUGA MENZIESII) an important tree species throughout breeding habitat. Nests in older second-growth (> 40 yrs) and mature forests (> 120 yrs; Meslow and Wight 1975).
In Washington and Oregon, found in Douglas-fir, western hemlock (TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA), Pacific silver fir (ABIES AMABILIS) and other firs (ABIES spp.). Also occurs in low densities in subalpine forests dominated by subalpine-fir (ABIES LASIOCARPA), which may include lodgepole pine (PINUS CONTORTA) and other conifers (Manuwal et al. 1987). In northwest Washington east of Puget Sound, once bred in oak-fir associations, but habitat is vanishing. In southern Washington Cascades Douglas-fir forests, found most abundant in young (55-80 year; average 7.9 birds per visit); relatively dry old-growth (210-440 year; 6.2 birds per visit); and mature (95-190 year; 5.6 birds per visit) stands; less abundant in wet (300-730 year; 1.6 birds per visit) and mesic (250-700 year; 2.1 birds per visit) old-growth stands (Manuwal 1991).
In Coastal Oregon Douglas-fir forests, was one of most commonly detected species, but was more abundant in young stands (40-72 year; two-year average 69.6 pairs per 40 hectares) than in mature (80-120 year; 41.1 pairs per 40 hectares) or old-growth stands (200-525 year; 48.4 pairs per 40 hectares), where canopy cover decreased with stand age (Carey et al. 1991). Positively associated with percent conifer cover, larger trees and taller trees; negatively associated with deciduous tree and shrub understory (Morrison 1982). In a comparison of streamside to upslope sites in mixed-coniferous forests dominated by Douglas-fir, was never detected in riparian sites (McGarigal and McComb 1992).
In Oregon Cascades, was most frequently detected species in young (30-80 year) and mature (80-200 year) Douglas-fir stands, and was second-most frequently detected species in old-growth stands (200-500 year; Gilbert and Allwine 1991). A synthesis of studies in Oregon Cascades Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests, showed the species most abundant in natural old-growth (200-450 yr), natural mature (80-190 year) and young closed canopy plantation (30-60 year) stands, and absent in clearcut and retention-cut plots (clearcuts with 2-14 trees per hectare or 1-6 trees per acre retained; Hansen et al. 1995).
In coastal California, breeds in Douglas-fir and coast redwood (SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS) habitats (Dunn and Garret 1997); in Douglas-fir forests found most abundant in older, cooler, and higher-elevation stands, and counts were highest in stands >300 years (Raphael 1987). In Marin County, occurs in moderately dense Douglas-fir and douglas-fir/coast redwood forests in canyons at mid- to high elevations with east or north exposures (Shuford 1993, cited in Pearson 1997). In California mountains, found in red fir (ABIES MAGNIFICA), white fir (ABIES CONCOLOR), sugar pine (PINUS LAMBERTIANA), ponderosa pine (PINUS PONDEROSA), Jeffrey pine (PINUS JEFFREYI), lodgepole pine, and sequoia (SEQUOIA GIGANTEA) forests (Verner and Larson 1989, Dunn and Garrett 1997). In a mixed conifer-oak forest, showed a preference for foraging in ponderosa and sugar pine (Airola and Barrett 1985).
Usually nests on outer limb of conifer, 6-18 meters above ground (sometimes 0.6-15 meters high).
NONBREEDING: In a variety of habitats during migration including woodland and scrub habitats composed of live oaks (QUERCUS spp.), cottonwood (POPULUS spp.), tamarisk (TAMARIX spp.), chaparral, desert woodlands, cottonwood-willow, large mesquite, and pecan orchards (Rosenberg et al. 1991, Dunn and Garrett 1997). Winters in conifers, especially pines and pine-oak habitats from 1,500 to 3,000 meters (Howell and Webb 1995, Dunn and Garrett 1997, AOU 1998). In Mexico, Hutto (1992) describes this species as a two-zone generalist, using both cloud forest and pine-oak-fir forest. In Costa Rica mostly in hedgerows or at forest edge, forages in conifers, especially Guatemalan cypress (CUPRESSUS LUSITANICA) (Stiles and Skutch 1989).
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 0
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
On lower Colorado River Valley, Arizona, transient in late-April to late May, and mid-August to mid-October (Rosenberg et al. 1991). Winter in highlands from central Mexico into Central America to northern Nicaragua; accidental in western Panama, often occurs with Townsend's warbler (DENDROICA TOWNSENDI) (Ehrlich et al. 1988; Stiles and Skutch 1989; Howell and Webb 1995).
Trophic Strategy
Comments: Forages actively in branches of conifers for insects (e.g., beetles, caterpillars, flies, etc.) and spiders. Often forages high in trees, 30-60 meters above ground (Terres 1980). In Sierra-Nevada mixed conifer, foraged 5 to 25 meters above ground (Airola and Barrett 1985), and in Giant Sequoia forest foraged above 10 meters (Kilgore 1971).
Population Biology
Number of Occurrences
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: 81 to >300
General Ecology
Frequently found in association with yellow-rumped warbler (DENDROICA CORONATA).
Life History and Behavior
Life Expectancy
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
Clutch size is 3-5. Nestlings are altricial and downy.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Dendroica occidentalis
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Dendroica occidentalis
Public Records: 6
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N4B,NNRN : N4B: Apparently Secure - Breeding, NNRN: Unranked - Nonbreeding
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Relatively widespread and abundant; population apparently stable overall, but may have declined significantly in areas such as northern Sierras; population fragmented.
Comments: Threats largely unstudied. Activities that degrade or eliminate coniferous forest canopy and insect prey would be detrimental. Threats include logging and development of forest habitats on breeding and wintering grounds, possible increase in exposure to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (MOLOTHRUS ATER), and hybridization and possible competition with Townsend's warbler (DENDROICA TOWNSENDI) (Dunn and Garrett 1997, Pearson 1997, Muehter 1998). TIMBER HARVEST: Clearcutting and severe thinning of overstory eliminates habitat, and species may be area-sensitive, avoiding clearcut edges. Throughout much of breeding range, timber harvest has eliminated and severely fragmented extensive areas of habitat. For example, based on an analysis of Landsat imagery in western Oregon, 13 percent of closed-canopy forest on non-wilderness public lands and 45 percent on private lands were lost between 1972 and 1988, dramatically fragmenting the forest landscape and reducing the size of remaining forest patches (Spies et al. 1994). Quality of subtropical and tropical pine forest habitats on wintering grounds may also be declining due to overharvesting, short rotational schedules, and removal of broad-leaved understories, with unknown consequences for this species (Petit et al. 1995). PREDATION: Only one record of predation; by an American kestrel (FALCO SPARVERIUS) (Pearson 1997). Accipiters probably predators of adults. Changes in predation rates given landscape changes to forest habitats and possible changes in abundance of nest predators are unknown. BROOD PARASITISM: Only one record of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbird (MOLOTHRUS ATER) known (Pearson 1997). Rates of parasitism given fragmentation of forest habitats and westward expansion of cowbirds unknown.
Restoration Potential: Still a common species in appropriate habitat. After logging, should recover with succession as forest canopy develops. Forest management to maintain moderate to dense canopies would benefit species. An international perspective on habitat management is needed given the limited size of the breeding and wintering ranges.
Preserve Selection and Design Considerations: Occurs in young, mature, and old-growth forest stands, and abundance is likely related more to canopy structure than to stand age (this needs to be quantified). Avoids edge of Douglas-fir (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII) forests of northwestern California. Of 15,077 observations less than one percent were on edges of clearcuts; was not significantly associated with any other measure of fragmentation (Rosenberg and Raphael 1986). In much of breeding range, suitable forest habitat on private lands has been cleared and fragmented by logging and development; clearing has been somewhat less on public lands (e.g., Spies et al. 1994).
Management Requirements: Requires coniferous forest with well-developed canopy, most often associated with Douglas-fir.
TIMBER HARVEST: Associated with moderate to dense coniferous tree canopy, although it may be present in open forest stands. Not found in clearcuts or very young successional stands (Hagar 1960, Hansen et al. 1995), but moves in once canopy layer is well-developed (Pearson 1997). No information available on relative reproductive success or survival in different silvicultural treatments or stand sizes. In southern Washington Cascades, prefers Douglas-fir and true fir (ABIES spp.) averaging 90 percent canopy cover, canopy height ranging from 14-68 meters (Pearson 1997). In coastal Oregon Douglas-fir forests, Morrison (1982) found territorial birds (n=9) preferred areas with heavy total conifer cover (range 53-90 percent cover), dense canopy (not defined), and trees more than 31 centimeters dbh and more than 20 meters high; were negatively associated with percent deciduous tree cover and shrub cover. In Sierra-Nevada red-fir (ABIES MAGNIFICA) forests, Hejl and Verner (1988) found the species most abundant in stands of moderate (40-59 percent) and dense (60-100 percent) canopy closures. Beedy (1981) found greater abundance in open canopy red fir (170 trees per acre more than 4 inches dbh, and 509 square feet per acre basal area) and mixed conifer stands (245 trees per acre more than 4 inches dbh, and 370 square feet per acre basal area) than in closed canopy stands (red fir: 265 trees per acre more than 4 inches dbh, and 100 square feet per acre basal area). In giant sequoia stands, removal of brush and sapling understory that had grown up as a result of fire suppression did not significantly affect numbers of breeding pairs (Kilgore 1971).
Management Research Needs: Need information on breeding phenology; philopatry; territory size; disease, nest predation, and other sources of mortality; rates and response of cowbird parasitism; limiting factors. Need further information on hybridization and competition with Townsend's warbler and possible relations to habitat and habitat change. More detailed information needed on habitat preferences, particularly forest stand structure, canopy structure, and measures that can be easily used by forest managers (e.g., canopy closure). Need information on abundance, reproductive success, dispersal and survival in relation to habitat, silvicultural treatment, forest succession, rotation schedules, and forest structure; also landscape relations, area sensitivity. Information needed on threats, extent of habitat alteration and fragmentation on breeding and wintering ranges; effects of pesticides and herbicides used in forest management. Need better information on insect prey base and relation to forest structure; migration routes and stopover sites.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Stewardship Overview: Most abundant warbler in the montane coniferous forests of Oregon and Washington. However, area of breeding and wintering ranges is limited and total population is relatively small. Vulnerable because it is a habitat specialist, has a narrow geographic distribution on breeding and wintering grounds, and there are no large breeding populations (Reed 1992). Classified as a species of concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Migratory Bird Management (USFWS 1995). Listed as a conservation priority on the Partners in Flight WatchList for species of concern based on its limited breeding and wintering distributions and threats on breeding range (Muehter 1998). Dependent on coniferous forests with moderate to dense canopies. Total area of suitable breeding habitat has been reduced by timber harvest and land development, but species will re-inhabit a forest stand once canopy becomes well-developed. Hybridizes and may compete with Townsend's warbler (DENDROICA TOWNSENDI) in Washington and Oregon.
Species Impact: An insectivore, may be beneficial in controlling coniferous forest insect pests.
Hermit Warbler
The hermit warbler (Setophaga occidentalis) is a small perching bird. It is a species of New World warbler.
Mature hermit warblers normally grow to be 4½ to 5 inches long. Hermit warblers are dark gray in coloration on top, and white below, and their flanks are streaked with black. The wings have two diagonal white wing bars. The majority of the hermit warbler's head is yellow, and males have a dark black throat, while females have much less black on their throat bib and immature birds have no black throat.
Hermit warblers are common, but incredibly shy, birds that dwell in open coniferous forests. Their summer breeding range is the majority of the west coast of the United States up to Washington. They will sometimes winter in south-west California, but they are migratory and will winter in Central America as far south as Panama.
Nests are neat and cup-shaped, constructed from stems, grass, twigs, and pine needles positioned near the tip of a branch high in a conifer tree. The female will lay between 3 to 5 eggs, which are white in color and heavily spotted with brown and lilac speckles. Other incubation and nesting habits are mostly unknown.
Like most warblers the hermit warbler eats a strict diet of insects and spiders, and can often be found hanging upside-down from the ends of conifer branches, like a chickadee, probing for food.
- ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Dendroica occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Names and Taxonomy
Comments: Setophaga townsendi, S. occidentalis, S. virens, and S. chrysoparia constitute a superspecies (Mengel 1964). Setophaga townsendi and S. occidentalis hybridize extensively in Washington, where S. townsendi appears to be expanding its range at the expense of S. occidentalis (Rohwer et al. 2001, Krosby and Rohwer 2009) (AOU 2011).
Formerly included in the genus Dendroica. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Lovette et al. 2010) indicate that all species formerly placed in Dendroica, one species formerly placed in Wilsonia (citrina), and two species formerly placed in Parula (americana and pitiayumi) form a clade with the single species traditionally placed in Setophaga (ruticilla). The generic name Setophaga has priority for this clade (AOU 2011).


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Wife of 'Rain Man' Trader Starts to Talk
Tom Hayes, the former UBS and Citigroup trader known to colleagues as "Rain Man" for his brainy but socially awkward demeanor, has been mostly silent since the U.S. Justice Department charged him last December with trying to manipulate Libor. He hasn't entered a plea. His lawyers haven't uttered a peep. His only public comment was to tell The Wall Street Journal in a January text message that "This goes much much higher than me".
Recently, though, someone in Mr. Hayes's corner has started speaking up: his wife, Sarah Tighe Hayes.
A few days ago, she started tweeting under the handle @SarahTigheHayes.
Mixed in with tweets about soccer and child-care are a handful of posts in which she has shared with her eight followers her thoughts about Libor and what she sees as the U.S. justice system's propensity for overkill.
On her Twitter profile, Mrs. Hayes describes herself as a "lawyer, mother to a toddler son, avid fan of Japan." Mrs. Hayes – at the time, she was Sarah Tighe – met Mr. Hayes in Tokyo several years ago, according to people familiar with their relationship.
In June 2009, as we wrote earlier this year, she accompanied Mr. Hayes to drinks at a Tokyo bar where Citigroup executives were trying to convince him to jump from UBS; she did most of the talking, according to people who were there. They married in 2010, shortly after Citigroup fired him for his alleged involvement in Libor manipulation.
Mrs. Hayes's first tweet came late Friday night. It included a link to an article about U.S. prosecutors seeking what she described as "utterly ridiculous" prison sentences for former UBS bankers who were convicted of scheming to rig municipal-bond deals. (It's unconnected to the Libor saga.)
A classic example of why people often plea-bargain in the US criminal system.Utterly ridiculous sentence requests.reuters.com/article/2013/0…
— Sarah Tighe (@SarahTigheHayes) May 10, 2013
The following morning, Mrs. Hayes started opining about the Libor scandal. She asked why the Justice Department has reached settlements only with European banks (Barclays, UBS and Royal Bank of Scotland), rather than any U.S. institutions – a grievance shared by plenty of London-based bankers, traders and lawyers. (The U.S. authorities are still investigating at least a dozen banks, including at least three based in the U.S.)
When is the US DoJ going to pursue a US bank for #Libor manipulation? Why only foreign banks?wallstreetonparade.com/2013/03/is-the…
— Sarah Tighe (@SarahTigheHayes) May 11, 2013
Then a few minutes later, she tweeted a link to a column on the Guardian's website that argued that "Libor is a dud, as far as prosecutorial glory goes."
And this re the DoJ's prosecution choices #Liborguardian.co.uk/commentisfree/…
— Sarah Tighe (@SarahTigheHayes) May 11, 2013
The tweets are interesting in part because Mr. Hayes is the highest-profile individual charged with wrongdoing in the Libor scandal, although other individuals also are under legal scrutiny in the U.K. and U.S.
And his case has become a source of friction between U.S. and British law-enforcement agencies. As we've reported, U.S. officials late last year informed their U.K. counterparts that they planned to charge Mr. Hayes with criminal fraud.
The U.K.'s Serious Fraud Office then arrested Mr. Hayes as part of the Libor investigation shortly before the U.S. charges were filed – blindsiding and angering the Justice Department, according to people familiar with the case.
Mr. Hayes was released on bail and hasn't been charged in the U.K. But if he were ultimately charged and struck a deal in London, lawyers say that likely would preclude him from being extradited to the U.S. to face similar charges.

subset: commoncrawl


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Definition of golden in English:
1Colored or shining like gold: curls of glossy golden hair bake until golden
More example sentences
- Her eyes were alight, her hair flaxen, her golden skin shining with more than just the glow of youth.
- His silver armor gleamed under the bright golden light that shone like a tiny sun high above in a dome-shaped ceiling.
- She had beautiful golden hair that shone in the light of the room.
blond/blonde, yellow, fair, flaxen, tow-colored
2Made or consisting of gold: a golden crown
More example sentences
- The sultan escorted the prince, wearing a gold crown, to a golden chair on the dais.
- A golden crown was upon my head, and my gown was flowing.
- Prince Alvin was wearing a brilliant black, velvet tailcoat and black britches that looked stunning with his golden crown.
3(Of a period) very happy and prosperous: those golden days before World War I
More example sentences
- The Epic Period was a golden era in Indian philosophical thought because of the tolerance of different opinions and teachings.
- The last 10 years have been a golden period, with most players earning good money.
- Tracy Noone has been the county's regular top scorer during the golden period from 1999, but missed last year on her American sabbatical.
successful, prosperous, flourishing, thriving;
favorable, providential, lucky, fortunate;
happy, joyful, glorious
3.1(Of an opportunity) very favorable: a golden opportunity to boost foreign trade
More example sentences
- The Chancellor has missed a golden opportunity to boost the Government's strategy to cut smoking rates and improve the nation's health.
- The World Cup in Japan and South Korea is seen by the industry as a golden opportunity to attract new gamblers to online betting.
- If you want a film career as expansive and successful as Michael Jackson's, perhaps you should consider looking into this golden opportunity.
excellent, fine, superb, splendid;
special, unique;
favorable, opportune, promising, bright, full of promise;
advantageous, profitable, valuable, providential
4(Of a singing voice) rich and smooth: a choir of young golden voices
More example sentences
- Just then, a golden voice in his mind gave a suggestion.
- He gave a low chuckle and the golden voice whispered in my ear.
- Her golden voice gave me shivers up my spine for some unknown reason.
5Denoting the fiftieth year of something: the American Ballet Theater's golden anniversary extravaganza
More example sentences
- October 1266 was thus an inauspicious moment to celebrate the first golden jubilee of an English monarch.
- Sr Elizabeth was one of eight sisters celebrating their golden jubilee on that day.
- The golden anniversary is one of the most celebrated wedding anniversaries.
goldenly adverb
- Example sentences
- The upper cloth of Seetha's sari is goldenly silky and thus it will have a tinge of reddish brown hue, like the outer edge of the tongue of fire.
- So evenly and crisply does it toast, so steamy and toasty is the smell that rises as it does, so perfectly and goldenly does it take the butter.
- The rain ceased and the sun began to burst out goldenly now and again between the rents in the clouds, burnishing the gray seas with copper-hued radiance, and lighting up the mists that curtained the Island's red shores with gleams of gold foretokening a fine day after all.
Words that rhyme with goldenbeholden, embolden, olden
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: gold·en
Definition of golden in:
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Age of Iron
by J.M. Coetzee
Age of Iron Family Quotes
How we cite our quotes: Citations follow this format: (Chapter.Paragraph)
Quote #4
"My husband and I parted a long time ago," I said. "He is dead now. I have a daughter in America. She left in 1976 and hasn't come back. She is married to an American. They have two children of their own."
A daughter. Flesh of my flesh. You. (1.42-43)
In very few words, we get a lot of information on what's going on in Mrs. Curren's family and how she feels about it. It's unclear whether she and her husband parted because he died, or if they got divorced and then he died. Still, it's clear that she's no longer married to the man and that her daughter is out of the picture. Mrs. Curren went from being someone with a traditional nuclear family to someone who has nobody but herself.
Quote #5
I am going to stop answering the telephone. There is no one I am ready to speak to except you and the fat man in the picture, the fat man in heaven; and neither of you will, I think, call. (1.133)
Huh? OK, so here, Mrs. Curren claims that there are two people she's ready to talk to: God and her daughter. Mrs. Curren seems to think a phone call from her daughter is about as likely as hearing from God himself – super interesting (and unfortunate).
Quote #6
Having done my work, Florence turned to her own. She put supper on the stove and took the two little girls up to the bathroom. Watching her wash them, wiping hard behind the ears, between the legs, deft, decisive, impervious to their whines, I thought: What an admirable woman, but how glad I am she is not my mother! (2.6)
As a mom, as in her life in general, Florence is all business. Mrs. Curren seems to have a softer, kinder vision of motherhood in mind.


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Breast Cancer Health Center
Multivitamins May Prevent Breast Cancer Recurrence
Dec. 14, 2010 (San Antonio) -- Women with breast cancer who take multivitamins with minerals appear to face lower odds of having their cancer come back or dying.
"Multivitamins appears to especially benefit women undergoing radiation treatment," says researcher Heather Greenlee, ND, PhD, of Columbia University's Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center in New York City.
The study doesn't prove cause and effect. The association could be explained by other factors, such as the fact that women who eat right and exercise regularly are more likely to take vitamins, agree Greenlee and Edith Perez, MD, director of the breast cancer program at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla.
Still, the findings set the stage for a trial called Pathways, which will enroll about 4,500 women with breast cancer and follow them over time to see how lifestyle factors, including diet and supplement use, influence breast cancer recurrence and death.
Women With Breast Cancer More Likely to Take Vitamins
About 60% of women with breast cancer take multivitamins, compared with 38% of healthy women, Greenlee tells WebMD. Yet no studies have examined the association between multivitamin use and breast cancer prognosis, according to Greenlee.
So she and colleagues at Kaiser Permanente Northern California studied 2,239 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between 1997 and 2000.
Forty-four percent took multivitamins with minerals and 13% took multivitamins without minerals at least three times a week for 12 months or more in the three years prior to diagnosis. After diagnosis, 65% and 19% reported using multivitamins with and without minerals, respectively.
By May 2010, 363 of the women relapsed and 372 died, 202 from breast cancer.
Taking Multivitamins With Minerals May Lower Risk of Breast Cancer Coming Back
Among the findings, presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium:
- Compared with women who never took multivitamins with minerals, women who took them anytime after diagnosis were 29% less likely to have a recurrence and 22% less likely to die from breast cancer.
- Women who took multivitamins with minerals before diagnosis and at least three times a week for a year or more after diagnosis were 31% less likely to relapse and 27% less likely to die from breast cancer, compared with those who never took them.
- When the results were stratified by treatment type, women who underwent radiation treatment benefited the most.


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Top Tips for Bathroom and Kitchen Remodeling
When homeowners try to do their own kitchen and bathroom renovations and remodeling, there are numerous factors they are unaware of due to lack of experience. Taking the time to know all information ahead of time is the key to succeeding a good home remodeling, and will also assist you in choosing the appropriate products to integrate into your house. If you are currently in the process of conducting a kitchen and bath remodeling renovation, there are a few key tips you should keep in mind while you go through the motions.
First of all, it is advised that you refrain from handling matters on your own, and leave it to a reputable professional kitchen and bathroom remodeling company to do all the work. Odds are, you want to ensure your home is remodeled the right way the first time around. For homeowners to ensure it is done right the first time, it is best to allow a highly trained and good quality home remodeling company to handle all the work, and one that specializes in kitchens and bathroom renovation. The most effective way to find the company you are searching for is to start out by conducting your own personal online investigation of the various remodeling companies available in your local area, and to focus on reviews offered by other clients who have worked with this company in the past and have been satisfied or dissatisfied with their work. By taking the time to conduct careful research on the options available to you, you will increase your chances of finding the best company to handle the process of remodeling your kitchen and bathroom.
It is important for every homeowner to pay close attention to the experience of the companies they are interested in. You not only want one with good experience, you will also want one with a great reputation. Another key factor you must integrate into this equation is your budget, and the amount of money, you are capable of spending on this particular home renovation project. As you conduct research, the cost of a company's services will be very apparent almost immediately, and a lot of this has to do with the experience and reputation of a company. By taking time to understand how much each company costs, you will have a much greater understanding of the amount of money for each company, and if they are equipped to handle the home renovation tasks you have in store.
A Beginners Guide To Services
Smart Ideas: Businesses Revisited


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Cazenove Absolute Equity board proposes wind up
The board of the £36.3m Cazenove Absolute Equity investment trust has proposed a wind up.
Last year the board of the trust, managed by Cazenove Capital's chief investment officer Richard Jeffrey, added an amendment to its investment policy with the aim of narrowing its share price discounts.
But while the discount has been narrowed, in a market statement released earlier today the board said the trust "continued to trade at a discount persistently wider than that which the board believes to be acceptable".


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Best Media Campaign
McGrath Powersports
2-time winner
Owners: Mike and Pat McGrath
Location: Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Store size: 27,500 sq. ft.
Vehicle brands: Honda, Kawasaki, Yamaha
After noticing radio DJ Scott Schulte at store events, McGrath Powersports asked him to test ride a bike weekly during the summer, then discuss it on his morning show with the store's GM. Schulte blogged about each bike. He even mentioned the test rides when the store wasn't paying him. Walk-in customers enquired about which bikes he had ridden. At the promo's end, Schulte wrote and performed the song "All the Bikes I've Loved Before."


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Saving is Smart. Get 15% Off Any Savings Plan + 1 Month Free! Use Code SCHOOL2115
Find the Right Plan for You
Find a plan in your area
Find the Right Dentist for You
Find a dentist in your area
While there are many lessons a child should grab onto during their earlier years, learning about proper dental care may be one of the more important life lessons for them. Growing up with poor dental health can lead to a host of conditions that include tooth decay as well as heart issues when a person is older.For one Dallas dentist, the prospect of a child not understanding the importance of regular teeth cleanings is too great, so she has employed a unique approach to get her point across.Dr. Joanne G. Hoppe is a volunteer at after-school program in the Wilkinson Center and uses a video from the American Dental Association to explain to children exactly what happens when plague builds up in their mouth, the Dallas Morning News reports.The approach could be successful in educating children and adults about dental health, since failure to remove plaque by brushing one's teeth on a regular basis can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease, which do not produce a healthy looking mouth.For more information on discount dental plans call 1-888-632-5353.
© 2010 Brafton Inc.
The materials and articles published on DentalPlans.com are for informational purposes only. Although DentalPlans.com strives to be accurate and complete, the information is provided without liability for errors. DentalPlans.com does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text graphics, links, or other items contained on DentalPlans.com.
DentalPlans.com expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions in these materials and DentalPlans.com makes no commitment to update the information on DentalPlans.com.
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Edens Opera House – Clio, South Carolina
South Carolina | SC Picture Project | Marlboro County Photos | Edens Opera House
The Edens Opera House in the small community of Clio once hosted big-city cultural entertainment. Clio grew quickly beginning in 1895 when the Florence Railroad extended its Latta branch to the town, allowing for travel and the shipping of their agricultural products. The economy boomed as a result, and the North and South Carolina Railway Company was operating here by 1908.
With more and more people stopping in Clio en route from city to city, resident Jefferson D. Edens decided to capitalize on the transportation craze and built this entertainment venue in 1910. Traveling theater companies would perform here on their way from New York to Miami, much to the delight of locals and people from nearby communities who came into town for a night of pageantry. The theater operated through the middle of the twentieth century. Today the building operates as a storefront, though its Vaudevillian history still lingers in its name.
The Edens Opera House is listed in the National Register as part of the Clio Historic District, which adds the following about the area:
The Clio Historic District is notable as an unusually intact collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth century vernacular architectural design, including commercial, residential, and religious examples. Design influences include the Queen Anne, Victorian, Classical Revival, and Colonial Revival styles. The district centers along a downtown commercial district and extends outward to include significant residential sections of the town of Clio. Most of the properties were built or remodeled during the town's boom period, from about 1895 until about 1920. The majority of these properties were constructed by local contractors without the help of an architect.
The district continues to retain a unique sense of place as a small turn-of-the-century South Carolina community. Historically, Clio is significant as an economic center of northeastern Marlboro County. Its growth and development consequently reflect the evolution of a small South Carolina community which felt the combined impact of the changes that occurred in the rural trading patterns of the nineteenth century South – of railroad expansion into agricultural areas during that period, and of the great increase in cotton production.
Edens Opera House Info
Address: North Main Street, Clio, SC 29525
GPS Coordinates: 34.579761,-79.546460
Edens Opera House Map
Edens Opera House Add Info and More Photos
The purpose of the South Carolina Picture Project is to celebrate the beauty of the Palmetto State and create a permanent digital repository for our cultural landmarks and natural landscapes. We invite you to add additional pictures (paintings, photos, etc) of Edens Opera House, and we also invite you to add info, history, stories, and travel tips. Together, we hope to build one of the best and most loved SC resources in the world!
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Rocking the double chin and loving life.
A special Little Weeks post today. Watch!
A Little Vlog: The Very First!!! from Angie Maddison on Vimeo.
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The Hill: Conservative group expands ad buy defending Ayotte
The American Future Fund (AFF), a conservative group, is increasing its ad buy backing Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-N.H.) on gun control by $350,000, expanding into the expensive Boston media market.
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I am using this theme, unmodified, on my personal blog and, despite the fact that apparently it is not maintained anymore by its author, it is still working pretty well.
The only issue I had, seems to be an incompatibility with the default gravatar image in comments: a malformed URL makes it impossibile to show that image (being it the "mystery man" or a generated one): instead, a broken link appears. The (malformed) URL to the image contains the infamous "path_to_url" string.
If anyone is interested in the solution, I solved that issue modifying the functions.php file.
The line

<?php echo get_avatar($comment,$size='35',$default='<path_to_url>' ); ?>

<?php echo get_avatar($comment,$size='35',$default='' ); ?>

...and everything went back to normal.
You must log in to submit a review. You can also log in or register using the form near the top of this page.


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Model: C540X71GItem: LEXC540X71G
Trust this OEM photoconductor unit to provide great print quality and reliable performance. Designed to deliver sharp, vibrant results every time. Simple to use. Device Types: Printer; Color(s): Black; Page-Yield: 30000; Supply Type: Photoconductor Unit.
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Check ICN Site Availability
Join a naturalist from the Warren County Conservation Board to investigate a variety of animal habitats and discuss the importance of preserving these fragile environments. The presenter defines 'habitat' and describes the wildlife and habitats found in Iowa. Photos and animal mounts are used throughout the presentation. We'll also sing a song about habitats.
This interactive program also allows time for student questions so please come prepared.
Confirmed registrants receive a free copy ofThe Perfect Nest, The Busy Tree and Animals or alternate titles for their classroom libraries.
Check the K-12 Calendar for the following Warren County Conservation Board ICN events:
Session Related Web sites:
Related Lesson Plans and Units:
PBS LearningMedia, a dynamic platform offering the best of public media content and produced specifically for PreK-16 teachers. With free access to over 14,000 high-quality resources tied to national standards, teachers can download, save and share exactly what they need for an inspired classroom experience. Sign up is free and easy! Learn more about PBS LearningMedia.
PBS Teachers - PBS Teachers offers free lesson plans, professional development and more for preK-12 educators.
Classroom Resources:
The following related programs are available on IPTV's broadcast or from the AEAs: (Check the K-12 Classroom Television (www.iptv.org/k12catalog) Web site for broadcast dates and times.)
Sign up for the K-12 Connections eNewsletter to receive timely information regarding ICN sessions like this one.
Sessions are provided at no cost by Iowa Public Television in collaboration with the
Iowa Communications Network to PK-12 students and the adults working with or on behalf of PK-12 students in Iowa. If you are not employed by a school district or an AEA please register at library sites only.


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email@example.com wrote:
> Hi all,
> I am learning linux kernel programming starting from "The Linux Kernel
> Module Programming Guide"(http://www.faqs.org/docs/kernel/) . I have
> background in Windows DDK, but I am confused on the following topics.
> Can anyone here give me some hints.
> 1) MODULE_PARM() macro (http://www.faqs.org/docs/kernel/x350.html)
> static short int myshort = 1;
> static int myint = 420;
> static long int mylong = 9999;
> static char *mystring = "blah";
> MODULE_PARM (myshort, "h");
> MODULE_PARM (myint, "i");
> MODULE_PARM (mylong, "l");
> MODULE_PARM (mystring, "s");
> In the sample code, it is said the MODULE_PARM macro can allow
> arguments to be passed to the driver module. But how?
When the module is invoked (via modprobe or insmod), you can specify
the values to be passed to the module as 'options' to the load command
In /etc/modules.conf, you include an "options" line that gives the
values for your modules parameters
options mymodule myshort=5 myint=-3100 mylong=99999999
Alternately, you specify them on the modprobe or insmod commandline
modprobe mymodule myshort=1 myint=-7 mylong=9999999 mystring="blah"
insmod mymodule myshort=1 myint=-7 mylong=9999999 mystring="blah"
> 2) Character Device Drivers(http://www.faqs.org/docs/kernel/x571.html)
> I can not catch the key points in this section. What should I learn
> from the "chardev.c" sample? How can I install the module as a device?
> How can I call the functions in the driver?
character devices do not support "random" access, or features that
require "random access", so you implement null (return error value)
functions for the entrypoints that service lseek, mmap, readdir, etc.
Really, a character device only really must support read, write, open,
close, and may support ioctl, etc. so those are the functions you /do/
Finally, you have to connect the driver when you load it, and
disconnect it to unload it.
> 3) The /proc File System(http://www.faqs.org/docs/kernel/x716.html)
> What's the main points in the section. How does the /proc file system
> matter linux kernel programming?
The /proc filesystem is used by the linux kernel (and kernel tools like
device drivers) to externalize status information and accept control
information. Think of it as an easier-to-use alternate to ioctl. A
device driver doesn't /have/ to implement a /proc interface, but it can
do so to accept control information, or to provide feedback that
otherwise must be handled through an ioctl or another device I/O.
- --
Lew Pitcher
Version: GnuPG v1.4.3 (MingW32) - WinPT 0.11.12
iD8DBQFElsC3agVFX4UWr64RAtPXAKDbME76HQgOTbwjQoibTK Uuhv+rnwCgobSW


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MOREHEAD, Ky. -- Morehead State University graduate and former Eagle basketball star Kenneth Faried has been named the 2011 Kentucky Sportsman of the Year by the Lexington Herald-Leader. Faried played for MSU from 2007-11 and is now a rookie with the NBA's Denver Nuggets.
"Kenneth is a fantastic ambassador for our university," Morehead State Director of Athletics Brian Hutchinson said. "We're very proud of everything Kenneth accomplished as a student-athlete at Morehead State and we're excited about his future in the NBA."
Last June, Faried became the first player in Morehead State history and eighth in Ohio Valley Conference history to be selected in the first round of the NBA Draft. He is one of 18 Eagle basketball players to ever be drafted and became the first since 2004.
A two-time OVC Player of the Year and three-time league Defensive Player of the Year, Faried earned seven different All-America honors as a senior. He was also recognized by the National Association of Basketball Coaches as the NCAA's top defensive player.
Morehead State posted an 84-52 record during Faried's four seasons, including a school-record 25 wins his senior campaign. The Eagles captured two OVC Tournament championships during Faried's career and made a pair of NCAA Tournament appearances.
MSU's upset of fourth-seeded Louisville in last year's NCAA Tournament is widely regarded as the biggest win in school history. The Eagles also knocked off Alabama State in the 2009 NCAA Tournament and Colorado State in the 2010 College Basketball Invitational.
Faried establish a new NCAA modern-era (post-1973) record with 1,673 rebounds in four years. He also ranks third in Morehead State history with 2,009 career points.
In each of his four years as an Eagle, Faried's scoring and rebounding increased. He averaged 17.3 points and 14.5 rebounds as a senior while shooting 62.3 percent from the field.
Faried's No. 35 jersey was retired during last year's Senior Night at Johnson Arena.
Other finalists for the award were Trinity High School Football Coach Bob Beatty, Kentucky Men's Basketball Coach John Calipari, Green Bay Packers wide receiver Randall Cobb, Bellarmine Men's Basketball Coach Scott Davenport, Washington Mystics forward Victoria Dunlap, New York Knicks forward Josh Harrellson, Washington Wizards guard Shelvin Mack, former UK All-American linebacker Danny Trevathan and Pikeville Men's Basketball Coach Kelly Wells. Wells is a former Eagle basketball player and MSU graduate.
The Kentucky Sportsman of the Year is voted on by statewide media, presented by the Bluegrass Sports Commission and sponsored by Alltech. The BSC is a non-profit organization whose mission is to grow the economic impact of sports in Central Kentucky.


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If you've ever tried to make an online survey, you've probably tried a few tools here and there. You've no doubt enjoyed some features of one product, and some of another, while being frustrated at the limitations you've come across. Survey tools we've tried and loved at MakeUseOf include PollDaddy, SurveyMonkey, Survey Legend, SIS, and MicroPoll: They all have their benefits and shortfalls.
You may have already heard of Google's Form feature, but not given it a try yet. Today I plan to convince you to give it a go. As a previous worshipper of SurveyMonkey and PollDaddy, I am keen to share a few of my biggest reasons for changing to Google Forms as my main survey and form-making tool. It really has changed the way I make forms and surveys. In fact, I'm starting to use them for everything, which brings me to my first reason.
Create Unlimited Free Forms
Most survey tools online will offer a certain amount of free polls or surveys before they start charging you for the service. This is all good and well if you're a big company, but if you're just a regular person who loves running polls and surveys, you're out of luck.
Google, on the other hand, will let you run as many polls and surveys as you like. You can just keep creating new Google Forms until your Google Drive is full. Which, for most people, would take a really long time.
You've also got a lot of variety in the types of forms you can build. You can use all sorts of question types and use a variety of themes on your form.
Results Can Go Directly Into a Shareable Spreadsheet
If you love collaborating on things with friends or co-workers, then you'll appreciate that Google Forms will allow you to share both the editing of the forms and the results with as many people as you like. Everyone can view them at the same time, make edits at the same time and see other people's edits as they make them. Google's document sharing abilities far surpasses anything I've ever seen on another survey tool. Unbeatable.
Logic Threading
Call it what you will: Threading, flow, logic-branching. Whatever – it's useful. Threading is the ability to change the survey based on answers the participant has given. For instance, if the first question of the survey asks if you are a Mac or Windows user, the following questions can be based on Mac or Windows accordingly. It's a handy way to avoid clunky wording of questions and ensure the participants only answer relevant questions.
Now, with many popular survey tools, this is available but only as an advanced feature. That means you're going to pay for the privilege. With Survey Monkey, for instance, the cheapest pro account will cost you 25€ per month. On Google Forms, you can do this for free — and it's easy to do!
You Can Get Email Notification of Results
Some of the poll-making and survey-making tools available online will insist that you revisit their site in order to check on results. This is just not very user-friendly in my opinion. Google Forms will let you get notifications or responses to your forms either with each response or in a daily batch.
It's a little tricky to set up; somewhat unintuitive. But once you've done it a few times you'll never forget how. To do it, change your response method to be a spreadsheet by clicking on "Choose Response Method" in the toolbar. Then click on "View Responses" to see the spreadsheet. Choose Tools > Notification Rules and pick whether you'd like immediate or daily batch notifications.
Forms are Mobile-Friendly
Not all web pages are created equally. Some are best displayed on a desktop machine, and some require Java or Flash. Not all of the readily available free survey-making tools are great on a mobile browser. But Google Forms are. All Google Forms are able to be used with any simple browser on any device. The design is responsive and the checkboxes or other response tools are easy to use no matter which device you're on.
This is a huge selling point, as you can use Google Forms to get responses where most of the participants would be using a mobile device, such as a conference or meeting.
Reasons Not To Use Google Forms
Okay, a misleading title. I have no good reasons NOT to use Google Forms. There are, however, some great reasons to use pro features of other survey tools if you are in the market for some of their other features. For instance, Survey Monkey will help you to find your target audience. So, if you're doing a random survey and need people between 18-30 who like beer to apply, Survey Monkey will help you find those people. That's a powerful tool that you won't find Google offering.
However, for most regular Joes and Janes, we just don't need these features. All we need is a cool way to make a survey, poll or some other variety of form. And for that, Google Forms are perfect.
Which survey-making tools have you tried. What would keep you using them over Google Forms? Why?


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Remememdy you suck at every video game we've both played why you even talking
"BioShock Infinite will probably be good" -The Ultimate consensus every BioShock thread ever.
Remememdy you suck at every video game we've both played why you even talking
"BioShock Infinite will probably be good" -The Ultimate consensus every BioShock thread ever.
Uh 3rd best in gears? I'll take my bronze please.
I don't know about that, I'm hella comfortable at 1st, Rob at 2nd, and Grunchkin at 3rd.
You can make a case for Usedtabe, at 12th.
When someone gets me Halo 4 for Christmas cause they don't know good videogames I will surely prove that I am the best at merely being competent.
1/10. Would've scored higher if you said someone believable in 3rd like ZP or KD. Wait....
Delayed again! D: At least its just a month this time
Yeah, but it's on my birthday, so I'm not too fussed.
Why is it when I search "Bioshock Infinite" I get every thread but this until the 3rd page? Sigh the search function here is rubbish.
Anyway the latest trailer gave me goosebumps, want this game!
I haven't watched any trailers for a while. I already know I want this game and I want to go in having seen as little as possible.
There's not much in the trailer that we haven't seen already.
I haven't been following all the trailers, so there was for me.
Don't care, not gonna risk it. Watching trailers won't make me want the game any more than I already do and it might detract from the experience. I have nothing to gain from doing that except maybe scratching an itch. I can take it.
You're treating it as though it's torture, Victor. "I CAN TAKE IT! ANYTHING YOU CAN DISH OUT, I CAN TAKE IT!"
I don't watch any of these trailers because video game trailers just don't interest me. I fast forwarded through and watched pieces of the Killzone trailer last night because I wanted a closer look at that rope in one of the gifs that was posted. Dumb reasoning, but honest. I watched about thirty seconds or so of one of the Colonial Marines trailers, without sound because I was at work, just because I was told Hicks was in the clip.
That's really about it for any video game trailers I've watched in the past few months.
Video games. :/
I suppose it's best to learn not to trust trailers, I'm just saying...put a good soundtrack to an advert and some of us becoming whores!
I can take not scratching the itch, ZP. Don't go putting your stuff in my mouth.
No....wait...do put it. Mmmhmm.
No. Seriously. Don't.
Last time I put my stuff in his mouth my pubes got all caught in his velcro-like communist beard.
Like Victor though, I could take the scratchiness. I long for that feeling again.
Yeah, put that dick in Victor's mouth! Woof woof woof woof!


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OIB English
OIB English: The American Option
A Free Online Study Guide
- Introduction to the Guide
- How to use this Guide
- Chapter 1 ~ How to write a Commentary
- Chapter 2 ~ How to write a Comparative Essay
- Notes on The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
- Notes on One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez
- Notes on Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte
- Works on the Syllabus ~ Required texts for the OIB American Option
- Works for 2010-2011.
- Requirements for 2010-2011, Centre Internationale de Valbonne.
- How to prepare for the Oral Exam ~ What to expect on your Oral Exam


text: A poignant souvenir of a young widow's pilgrimage to the grave of her husband. There were a number of large scale organised pilgrimages to France and Flanders in 1922. Thomas Fenwick was 28 and the son of William Fenwick of Low Bradley Farm, Medomsley, Co. Durham. Pte Fenwick was the husband of Elizabeth Ann Fenwick (pictured below) of East Billingside, Leadgate, Co. Durham. The message on the wreath is very sad - 'In Loving and Affection Remembrance of my dear Husband'. Click twice on the image for a closer view.


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For information about the FDA Egg Safety Rule for producers with 3,000-49,000 laying hens, click here.
View our new 2013 summary of backyard flock diseases.
The March issue of CAHFS CONNECTION is available.
Unfortunately the CAHFS Toxicology section receives calls on a regular basis about possible malicious poisonings.
Read more...
CAHFS role in One Health benefits Californians through our work on wildlife providing environmental monitoring and wildlife-domestic animal interface.
CAHFS is excited about providing services for our aquatic and aquaculture clients.
Drought can increase the risks of animal poisonings and nutritional imbalances.
The California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) Laboratory System is the backbone of California's warning system that helps to protect the health of California's livestock and poultry. CAHFS serves the people of California by safeguarding the public health with rapid and reliable diagnoses for animal diseases affecting humans. CAHFS operates in partnership with the CDFA, UC Davis, California, veterinarians, and livestock and poultry producers.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Up-to-date information on the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the United States can be found on the CA Dept. of Food & Agriculture web site at http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Animal_Health/Avian_Influenza.html or the United States Dept. of Agriculture's web site at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_animal_disease_information/sa_avian_health.
Mycoplasma PCR Panel Now Offered
CAHFS is now offering a Mycoplasma PCR panel for use on ruminant samples. Click here for details.
Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory in the news
The Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory's role in protecting the integrity of California's horse racing is highlighted on the UC Davis News and Information website. Read the complete article by clicking here.
CAHFS Connection
Check out CAHFS' monthly electronic newsletter, CAHFS CONNECTION.
Holiday Schedule
In observance of Cesar Chavez Day, CAHFS will be open, but will have limited services available on Friday, March 25, 2016. Please contact your laboratory to plan your testing needs accordingly.


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EDT (text editor)
There are at least two major text editors named EDT: one was made by Digital Equipment Corporation, the other by RCA for its TSOS operating system for its Spectra series mainframes. The RCA version was later sold to Sperry Univac (which later became Unisys), was released for the VS/9 operating system, and is currently in use on Fujitsu BS2000 OSD Mainframes and the BS2000 Operating system. Other than sharing a name, neither editor had any relation to each other in method of operation, use, or functionality.
Digital's EDT ran on minicomputers, could respond to single keystrokes, and used function keys to implement commands to the editor. RCA/Univac/Fujitsu's EDT ran on mainframes, could only respond to a full line (or multiple lines separated by return) after the transmit key is pressed, and uses commands are entered in the typed-in text when preceded by the command symbol (the at sign "@" which can be changed.)
EDT is a text editor that was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for use on its PDP-11 series of computers (including RSX-11,[1] RSTS/E[2] and RT-11), and later for its VAX/VMS series as well.[3] EDT was introduced originally as a line-mode editor.[citation needed] The screen mode was developed first as the Keyboard Editor (KED) on RT-11 as part of the FMS-11 project by Darrell Duffy;[citation needed] EDT on the other operating systems was then enhanced to be compatible with KED.[citation needed]
The editor contained both line mode commands and a screen based editor. In screen mode, the default action for the user was to directly update text as he or she typed, with special commands available by pressing keypad commands. Arrow keys allowed for simple navigation, while keypad commands allowed for more complex navigation and searches. As with many user interfaces developed around this time, EDT used the "Gold Key" style of input first developed[citation needed] for the WPS-8 word processing system. "Gold Key" editing used the PF1 keypad key as a prefix key allowing the introduction of a wide variety of commands using both the keypad keys and keys on the main keyboard. Pressing the PF2 keypad key would give on-screen help on the keypad and other key combinations:
/-----------------------------------\ /-----------------------------------\ | ^ | DOWN | | | | | | FNDNXT | DEL L | | | | | | <---- | ----> | | GOLD | HELP | | | | | | | | LEFT | RIGHT | | | | FIND | UND L | | UP | v | | | |--------+--------+--------+--------| \-----------------------------------/ | PAGE | SECT | APPEND | DEL W | DELETE Delete character | | | | | LINEFEED Delete to beginning of word | COMMAND| FILL | REPLACE| UND W | BACKSPACE Backup to beginning of line |--------+--------+--------+--------| CTRL/A Compute tab level | ADVANCE| BACKUP | CUT | DEL C | CTRL/D Decrease tab level | | | | | CTRL/E Increase tab level | BOTTOM | TOP | PASTE | UND C | CTRL/K Define key |--------+--------+--------+--------| CTRL/R Refresh screen | WORD | EOL | CHAR | | CTRL/T Adjust tabs | | | | ENTER | CTRL/U Delete to beginning of line |CHNGCASE| DEL EOL| SPECINS| | CTRL/W Refresh screen |-----------------+--------| | CTRL/Z Exit to line mode | LINE | SELECT | | | | | SUBS | Press a key for help on that key. | OPEN LINE | RESET | | To exit, press the spacebar. \-----------------------------------/
Users could configure default actions or define key sequences for their editor by placing EDT commands in an initialization file which would be executed upon starting the editor.
DEC later developed TPU, a powerful language for designing text editors on its VMS systems. TPU was used to produce a new standard text editor, EVE, as well as to rewrite EDT. EVE included an emulator of the EDT screen mode keypad for the benefit of those who were used to particular key functions. Both EVE and the TPU implementation of EDT are still distributed with OpenVMS.
EDT was also the name of the text editor running on the Unisys VS/9 operating system using the UNIVAC Series 90 mainframe computers,[4] and currently runs on the Fujitsu BS2000 mainframe computer and Operating system. Other than the fact that coincidentally the one from Digital and the one from Univac and now from Fujitsu both have had the same name, the programs were in no way similar, and that editor was not the same as the one made by Digital.
The Univac/Fujitsu EDT editor was a line-based editor, in that it did not use function keys. Unlike editors such as Teco or Emacs, the program is always in text-entry mode, similar to today's word processors.
Commands are sent to the editor by typing in text in the same manner as entering regular text, but the first character of the line (other than a space) was the command symbol, which defaults to the at sign ("@"). When a line began with an @, the remainder of the line was used as a text-editing command. To enter a line of text beginning with @ which was not an editor command, it was necessary to prefix the line with a second @ sign, in which case, the first @ would be stripped off, and the line taken as text rather than a command. It was also possible to issue a command that the command indicator be changed from @ to a different character. One use for this feature would be to write scripts to have EDT perform various actions upon another file. The command set of the editor included the ability to create unattended programmable editing sessions through the use of test, comparison, branch and looping functions.
Even if line numbers were not present in the original file, the editor supplied a pseudo-line number for use in editing each line. Because of the ISAM file format which supported an 8-character index key, line numbers consisted of a floating-point number in the range of 0.0000 to 9999.9999. The usual line number supplied by EDT started at 1.000 and incremented by 1 as a new line was added. Lines could be inserted between other lines by using a fractional number as a command prefix. For example, line 1 of a file would be 1.0000, line 2 would be 2.0000, and to insert a line between 1 and 2, one could type @1.5: followed by the text of the line; the colon would be discarded and the line would be inserted at 1.5000, between 1 and 2. A renumber command was available to renumber all or part of the file.
Commands in EDT generally consisted of a command (which is case insensitive), which may be followed by a range of line numbers that the command was to act upon, and a subfunction indicating how the command was to act. The range was either expressed as a single line number, a range of lines separated by a dash, (e.g. 5-8 would mean any line numbered 5.0000 through 8.9999 inclusive), or a group of lines, each separated by a comma. Some symbols were available to represent various values, such as the ampersand "&" or the word "all" representing every line in the file.
For example, to alter every "To" in a document to the word "From" you would type in
@ON ALL CHANGE "To" TO "From"
@on & change "To" to "From"
followed by the transmit key (equivalent to Enter on a PC), and the editor would perform the action. Editing was basically full-screen, with actions not taking place until the user pressed the transmit key, a procedure very similar to today's practice of entering text into an input box in a web page, with no action being taken until the user clicks on the submit button.[5]
Univac/Fujitsu's EDT editor provides extremely powerful editing capabilities, including
- text formatting similar to Runoff (in which commands were given for text editing by preceding lines with a period)
- possibly one of the first programs (the Univac 90/60 goes back to the late 1960s and early 1970s) to support the use of plugins to allow other programs to use the text the editor held in memory, as well as send commands back to the editor for processing.
- sort
- search
- editing of plain text and files with line numbers
- direct on-disk editing of files too large to hold in memory
Fujitsu's current release of EDT also supports Unicode, which did not exist when Univac released its version of EDT.
- ^ James J. Fullerton (October 1987). "RSX INDIRECT and EDT Grab Bag".
- ^ "Documentation for EDT V3.00" (PDF).
- ^ Arne Vajhøj. "VMS History".
- ^ EDT Text Editor Reference Manual, Cinnaminson, New Jersey: Unisys Corporation, 1975
- ^ Current (V17) PDF manuals for Fujitsu EDT editor (Retrieved 2013-08-08)


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- Never Stop Supporting the Nerzazzurri
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Argentinean midfielder Ricardo Alvarez came to Inter Milan from Velez Sarsfield (Argentina) in 2011. The versatile, left-footed attacker earned his first call-up to Argentina's national team in August 2011.
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Like any book compiled of collected papers, this volume contains many current articles on more or less unrelated subjects. The main portion of the work is comprised of forty-three articles by members of the staff of the Henry Ford Hospital covering a period of ten years, from 1915 to 1925. With few exceptions, notably the articles by McClure on "The History of Transfusion of Blood" and "Pernicious Anemia," the contributions are taken from the recent literature. The major portion of the work which is presented in some of the articles was done at institutions other than the Henry Ford Hospital. In nearly all instances, the articles are reprinted from journals of well recognized high standing, so that many of them have been reviewed previously.
The contribution by Davidson on "Tannic Acid in the Treatment of Burns" is worthy of special note. His conclusions are conservative and seem to be well
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Liverpool Message Board
RSVP Robert M: Disgraceful Chelsea Ultras
First Anders Frisk and now this. When are Chelsea's disgraceful fans going to stop? Have their club hierarchy no shame? Why haven't these ultras been eliminated/banned from your league yet? Full article below:
Anton Ferdinand is believed to have been sent a bullet in the post ahead of Saturday's FA Cup tie between QPR and Chelsea.
The incident happened less than 24 hours before the already highly charged fixture which kicks-off at midday on Saturday.
A Scotland Yard spokesman said: "We are investigating an allegation of malicious communication received today at QPR football club. Officers from Hammersmith and Fulhamare investigating."
The package is believed to have contained a shotgun cartridge and a death threat.
The new development came on the same day Chelsea manager Andre Villas-Boas insisted QPR's Ferdinand should shake hands withJohn Terry before the FA Cup clash at Loftus Road.
Villas-Boas said he hoped and expected Ferdinand not to snub Terry, despite allegations the Rangers defender was the victim of a racist slur from the England captain during October's Premier League game between the sides.
The players square off for the first time since then, and just four days before the court case begins in which Terry stands accused of abusing Ferdinand.
Ferdinand is reportedly agonising over whether to shake Terry's hand, amid fears it could be viewed as hypocritical. Asked if it was important he did so, Villas-Boas said: "Extremely important, extremely important."
He added: "This game is based on good values more than anything else. These players should continue to promote these good values."
Villas-Boas reiterated he would not consider leaving out Terry and said he had not felt the need to check on his frame of mind this week.
"No, not at all," he said. "I have to count on the player, and the player is fit and available for the game."
He also revealed he had no plans to issue special instructions to his players reminding them to stay calm amid what is likely to be a hostile atmosphere.
Admitting there were "extra responsibilities" to consider, he added: "I won't speak to the players specifically about that before the game, not at all."Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
We're waiting, Robert.
- 1 Reply to ajay
What are you waiting for? If you think I'm following Vera around 27 message boards responding to her daft post on all of them, think again. I've responded to it on the United message board. You can read it there and take me to task there if you like, or you can copy my response to here and take me to task here, as you like.
Vera's a poor windup artist. It's probably Slayer in another disguise. This particular article was as silly as most she spams the boards with.


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MUMBAI: The twists and turns of the Corus-acquisition saga have an uncanny resemblance with the battle for UK property group Canary Wharf, which the Morgan Stanley-led consortium had vied for with Canadian conglomerate Brascan in 2004.
The bidding war over Canary Wharf had stretched for over 14 months (Tata-CSN rife is only two months old!) and was one of the only three instances in the history of the UK Takeover Panel, when it had intervened in an acquisition. It is little wonder then, point out analysts, that the Panel has butted into the Corus battle in anticipation of a long drawn, dreary takeover battle.


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When SpaceX launched its Dragon space capsule atop the Falcon 9 rocket today (Dec. 8) ? and retrieved it in the Pacific Ocean a few hours later ? it was a first on several levels. For SpaceX, the launch marked the inaugural voyage of the company's Dragon spacecraft.
The mission also marked the first time any private company has successfully launched and returned a commercial spacecraft from low-Earth orbit. Finally, the flight was the first mission under NASA's COTS (Commercial Orbital Transportation Services) program aimed at spurring private sector development of space vehicles to carry crew and cargo to the International Space Station.
Here are what some top space experts have to say about Dragon's mission, and how it alters the landscape of commercial spaceflight. [INFOGRAPHIC: Inside Look at SpaceX's Dragon Capsule]
NASA administrator Charles Bolden:
While rocket launches from the Cape are considered a common occurrence, the historic significance of today's achievement by SpaceX should not be lost.
This is the first in a new generation of commercial launch systems that will help provide vital support to the International Space Station and may one day carry astronauts into orbit. This successful demonstration flight is an important milestone in meeting the objectives outlined by President Obama and Congress, and shows how government and industry can leverage expertise and resources to foster a new and vibrant space economy.
These new explorers are to spaceflight what Lindbergh was to commercial aviation.
Scott Hubbard, former director of NASA's Ames Research Center in California:
This is further validation that a commercial venture - initially almost totally privately funded - can achieve a launch and re-entry on a schedule and at a cost much lower than typical NASA developments.
I think the SpaceX success shows that it will be possible for NASA to buy services in low Earth orbit - thereby saving money for NASA's true mission - exploring deep space!
Roger Launius, space history curator at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum:
I was just leaving NASA HQ after a meeting this morning when the launch was about 2 minutes away. As I walked through the lobby the countdown was playing on the NASA TV monitor there so I, along with several other people, stopped and watched it take off. I heard one of the folks from the back exclaim as it cleared the launch tower, "go," and I think that symbolized better than a lot of other comments how many from the breadth of the space community feel about this effort. Its success is, without question, an important step forward.
There are many steps yet to be completed on the path to Falcon 9?s operational use. I am greatly encouraged by and applaud SpaceX?s accomplishment. I?m looking forward to future successes. Most important, I want to see this effort successfully fill much of the void left by the retirement of the Space Shuttle and the sooner that happens the happier I will be.
Scott Pace, director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University in Washington D.C.
Excellent news -- and a very important step in ensuring U.S. ability to provide logistical support to the International Space Station.
I don't know this changes the landscape dramatically ? it's another step toward achieving lower cost logistical support to low Earth orbit. It does, however, underscore the importance of flight tests. Presentations and press releases are one thing, actual hardware demonstrations are another, so the team should be very proud of what they accomplished.
Former NASA astronaut Tom Jones:
Watching the Falcon 9 rise brought a surge of excitement. Beautiful liftoff!
NASA may get the cargo capability it's counting on to fill the gap left by the retiring shuttle. Flying Dragon atop the Falcon 9 is a fundamental step toward meeting SpaceX's cargo commitment to NASA, and in moving eventually toward safe and economical astronaut transport.
SpaceX deserves a lot of credit for duplicating their initial success and orbiting and retrieving the Dragon spacecraft. It was an ambitious flight that looked very good. NASA may make spaceflight look easy sometimes, but this was a tough flight plan to execute for a new commercial firm. SpaceX's equipment appears to have met a big technical challenge, and we'll have to look for similar business success to provide NASA with cheaper options for space cargo and astronaut transport.
Bretton Alexander, president of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation:
This is an historic milestone in the paradigm shift from a government space infrastructure to a private space business that will create jobs, opportunity and benefits from technology advancement. Space is difficult, but no more so than other high tech parts of our economy. It was a thrilling day.
Rick Tumlinsonn, co-founder of the Space Frontier Foundation:
This flight will go down in history as a turning point for the opening of space to regular people. It may not be Yuri Gagarin, but it is certainly the equivalent of Sputnik for commercial spaceflight!
Bill Nye, executive director of the Planetary Society:
Falcon 9 nailed it. We congratulate Elon Musk and his team on a successful launch -- another step towards commercial applications that may one day help NASA carry supplies and astronauts to low-Earth orbit. Bold endeavors like this will advance the chances for success for everyone in the Earth-orbit business.
- INFOGRAPHIC: Inside Look at SpaceX's Dragon Capsule
- Gallery: Photos of the Dragon Space Capsule, Dragon Video
- Top 10 Private Spaceships Becoming Reality