text: (Letter Report, 05/22/98, GAO/NSIAD-98-172). Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) apportionment of cost shares has changed over the years and how NATO determines what the members' cost shares will be for its three common budgets. GAO noted that: (1) NATO does not routinely evaluate members' cost shares for any of its three commonly funded budgets; (2) rather, NATO has adjusted the shares based on comprehensive reviews occurring at no specific interval and in response to discrete events, such as entry of a new member; (3) cost shares for the NATO Security Investment Program (NSIP) budget, most recently reviewed in 1990, have been subject to comprehensive reviews more frequently than the civil budget--last reviewed in 1955, or the military budget--last reviewed in 1966; (4) NATO has adjusted cost shares due to discrete events infrequently--in 1966, when France withdrew from NATO's military structure; in 1982, when Spain joined NATO; and in 1994, when Canada sought to decrease its NSIP share; (5) NATO has used various methods to adjust cost shares; (6) for example, in 1955, NATO used expenditures to comprehensively review and adjust shares for its civil and military budgets; (7) in contrast, changes to NSIP cost shares in 1990 were based on negotiations among members that considered factors such as each nation's capacity to pay and the expected benefits from NSIP-funded projects; (8) NATO has also relied on negotiations to adjust cost shares in response to discrete events; (9) for example, when Spain joined NATO in 1982, its share was determined through high-level negotiations and the other members' shares were adjusted on a prorated basis; and (10) in 1997, the United States' actual cost-share across all the common budgets was 28.45 percent. --------------------------- Indexing Terms ----------------------------- REPORTNUM: NSIAD-98-172 TITLE: NATO: History of Common Budget Cost Shares DATE: 05/22/98 SUBJECT: International relations Foreign policies Cost sharing (finance) Military budgets International organizations IDENTIFIER: NATO Security Investment Program France Spain Canada NATO ****************************************************************** ** This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a ** ** GAO report. Delineations within the text indicating chapter ** ** titles, headings, and bullets are preserved. Major ** ** divisions and subdivisions of the text, such as Chapters, ** ** Sections, and Appendixes, are identified by double and ** ** single lines. The numbers on the right end of these lines ** ** indicate the position of each of the subsections in the ** ** document outline. These numbers do NOT correspond with the ** ** page numbers of the printed product. ** ** ** ** No attempt has been made to display graphic images, although ** ** figure captions are reproduced. Tables are included, but ** ** may not resemble those in the printed version. ** ** ** ** Please see the PDF (Portable Document Format) file, when ** ** available, for a complete electronic file of the printed ** ** document's contents. ** ** ** ** A printed copy of this report may be obtained from the GAO ** ** Document Distribution Center. For further details, please ** ** send an e-mail message to: ** ** ** ** <[email protected]> ** ** ** ** with the message 'info' in the body. ** ****************************************************************** Cover ================================================================ COVER Report to Congressional Requesters May 1998 NATO - HISTORY OF COMMON BUDGET COST SHARES GAO/NSIAD-98-172 NATO (711332) Abbreviations =============================================================== ABBREV NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization PPP - purchasing power parity AWACS - Airborne Warning and Control System NSIP - NATO Security Investment Program GDP - gross domestic product GNP - gross national product Letter =============================================================== LETTER B-279904 May 22, 1998 The Honorable Ted Stevens Chairman The Honorable Daniel K. Inouye Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations United States Senate The debate regarding the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) raised questions about how NATO apportions costs among its members for expenditures the organization has agreed to commonly fund. This report responds to your request that we provide information on how the apportionment of those shares has changed over the years and identify how NATO determines what the members' cost shares will be for its three common budgets. BACKGROUND ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1 NATO member states provide resources to support the alliance in two ways. First, countries, at their own expense, maintain forces and assets that they pledge to NATO through a defense planning process. Second, countries make contributions to NATO's three commonly funded budgets. These three budgets are the civil budget, which primarily funds the civilian headquarters and personnel in Brussels, Belgium, for NATO's political structure (about $164 million planned for 1999); NATO's military budget, which primarily funds operations and maintenance for its military headquarters and activities (about $720 million planned for 1999); and the NATO Security Investment Program (NSIP) budget,\1 which primarily funds infrastructure improvements (about $734 million planned for 1999). Each member contributes an established percentage of each budget. Changes to the cost share require alliance consensus, as do all decisions in NATO. Appendix I identifies the apportionment of current cost shares to NATO members for each of the common budgets. -------------------- \1 Prior to December 1994, the NSIP budget was known as the Common Infrastructure Program. For ease of publication, this report will refer to the NSIP and its predecessor programs as the NSIP or infrastructure budget. RESULTS IN BRIEF ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2 NATO does not routinely evaluate members' cost shares for any of its three commonly funded budgets. Rather, NATO has adjusted the shares based on comprehensive reviews occurring at no specific interval and/or in response to discrete events, such as entry of a new member. Cost shares for the NSIP budget, most recently reviewed in 1990, have been subject to comprehensive reviews more frequently than the civil budget--last reviewed in 1955, or the military budget--last reviewed in 1966. NATO has adjusted cost shares due to discrete events infrequently--in 1966, when France withdrew from NATO's military structure; in 1982, when Spain joined NATO; and in 1994, when Canada sought to decrease its NSIP share. NATO has used various methods to adjust cost shares. For example, in 1955, NATO used expenditures to comprehensively review and adjust shares for its civil and military budgets. In contrast, changes to NSIP cost shares in 1990 were based on negotiations among members that considered factors such as each nation's capacity to pay and the expected benefits from NSIP-funded projects. NATO has also relied on negotiations to adjust cost shares in response to discrete events. For example, when Spain joined NATO in 1982, its share was determined through high-level negotiations and the other members' shares were adjusted on a prorated basis. In 1997, the United States' actual cost-share across all the common budgets was 28.45 percent.\2 -------------------- \2 Effective U.S. cost shares for each commonly funded budget are shown in detail in appendix I. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS OF COST SHARES ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3 NATO's review of cost shares related to the civil and military budgets have similar histories from 1950 to 1965.\3 In 1951, NATO used a grouping method whereby countries of similar economic strength or potential were assigned identical cost shares derived from country contributions to the United Nations and the predecessor to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. When the budget shares were reexamined in 1952, the three largest countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) remained grouped and were assigned identical cost shares of 22.5 percent. However, the other countries' cost shares were based on their capacity to pay, that is, the relative size of their gross national products (GNP). When NATO adjusted civil and military budget cost shares in 1955, it used an expenditure-based method and agreed not to continue reviewing cost shares annually. Under the expenditure method, NATO determined each country's actual expenditures for civil and military budget expenses from 1950 to 1955 and then assigned each country a cost share equal to its percentage of NATO's total expenditures. Since 1955, the civil budget has not been comprehensively reviewed and has remained essentially unchanged; the military budget cost shares have been modified once since then. At the request of the United Kingdom, in 1965, NATO reviewed the cost shares for the military budget. The United Kingdom believed that economic changes in member countries in the previous decade, particularly the uneven growth of GNP, would for reasons of equity warrant a review of cost shares. Further, the United Kingdom asked that NATO take into account member countries' per capita GNP trends and global defense efforts that could be regarded as serving the general interest of the alliance. This review and the resulting negotiations were concluded in January 1966, but very few changes in cost shares were made; for example, the United Kingdom's share was reduced by 1.28 percentage points, from 19.5 percent to 18.22 percent. To allow for this change, smaller adjustments were made in other countries' shares. ( See app. II for historic cost-share tables for the civil and military budgets.) While the members' cost shares for NATO's civil and military budgets were infrequently reexamined, the shares for its infrastructure budget were looked at more often. The actual changes in cost shares resulting from these reviews are documented, but the reasoning behind them is not. In the early 1950s, sharing the costs of NATO's infrastructure requirements was the subject of annual negotiations; however, to avoid overly frequent discussions of cost shares, NATO opted to review cost shares every few years. According to officials at NATO, the last review of the infrastructure cost shares occurred about 1990. From NATO's inception, the basic principle applied to infrastructure cost sharing was to achieve as equitable a distribution as possible of the entire NATO defense burden--including commonly funded infrastructure--among members of the alliance. The main factors that underlie the negotiations for an infrastructure cost-sharing arrangement are: (1) the capacity of the member countries to contribute, (2) the advantage each country would gain as a user of the facilities to be financed, (3) the net economic benefits that would accrue to a host country from the construction of the facilities on its soil, (4) the services each country renders to the common defense interests of the alliance in ways other than infrastructure, and (5) various political and economic factors. Since these guidelines for cost sharing are broad and subject to wide interpretation, the setting of cost shares is essentially accomplished through negotiations. Attempts have been made from time to time to determine a cost-sharing formula on the basis of an objective factor such as GNP or a combination of several such factors. However, NATO has been unable to develop consensus on this issue. (See app. III for historic information on the NSIP and app. IV for current gross domestic products (GDP) of alliance members.) -------------------- \3 Originally the civil budget had operating and capital elements with differing cost shares. The 1955 review resulted in assigning a single cost share per country for all elements of this budget. EVENT-DRIVEN COST-SHARE CHANGES ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4 Members' cost shares for all of NATO's common budgets have been affected by specific events. For example, in 1966, France withdrew from the alliance's military structure; in 1982, Spain joined NATO;\4 in 1994, Canada unilaterally decided to reduce its participation in the NSIP by 50 percent; and in 1999, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary are expected to join NATO. Cost shares for the NATO budgets were adjusted in different ways in response to these events. For example, when the French withdrew from the military structure, France's shares in the military and infrastructure budgets were prorated among the remaining 14 nations.\5 When Spain joined the alliance in 1982, other members wanted to base Spain's contribution on GDP and capacity to pay, which would have made its cost share about 5 percent, more than the shares of Belgium or the Netherlands. Spain believed, however, that since its GDP per capita was lower than that of Belgium or the Netherlands, it should pay less than 5 percent. Through negotiations, it was determined that Spain's share of the civil and military budgets would be 3.5 percent. In 1994, Canada unilaterally decided to reduce its contribution to the NSIP budget by 50 percent. Canada did not formally request a renegotiation of its cost share but, instead, negotiated separately with other members\6 to assume a portion of its share and presented the results to the alliance. NATO officials noted, however, that had Canada not been successful in convincing other countries to assume that portion of Canada's cost share, Canada would have had to either maintain its contribution level or withdraw from the alliance. No agreement has yet been reached on how cost shares for existing members will change with the anticipated accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to NATO in 1999. These countries have agreed to cost shares of 0.9 percent, 0.65 percent, and 2.48 percent, respectively. -------------------- \4 Spain's participation in the common budgets has evolved since joining the alliance in 1982. It has always participated fully in the civil budget, and partially in the military budget. It had no participation in the infrastructure program until 1994, and has indicated it will fully participate in the NSIP in 1999. \5 France did not withdraw from the alliance, and it continues to share in NATO's civil budget. It also continues to participate in some infrastructure projects and part of the military structure funded by the military budget. \6 The United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany were not among these countries. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5 To obtain information about how NATO member costs shares have changed over the years, we interviewed officials from the Department of State; the Office of the Secretary of Defense; and the U.S. Mission to NATO in Brussels, Belgium. We also interviewed NATO international staff and reviewed NATO documents. We collected and analyzed historical U.S. and NATO documents and tables related to cost shares for each of the three commonly funded budgets from 1951 to the present. We examined the effects of various events, such as new accessions, on members' cost shares to explain these changes where possible. We reviewed Department of State and U.S. Mission to NATO reporting cables, program and briefing documents, and correspondence. To identify how NATO determines what the members' cost shares will be for its three commonly funded budgets, we interviewed officials from the Department of State, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and the U.S. Mission to NATO. We reviewed the various methods used to determine cost shares from the inception of the alliance to the present and were briefed by NATO international staff on the history and logic of those methods. We collected and analyzed data on member countries economic indicators, such as GDP and per capita GDP as expressed by purchasing power parity, to understand the basis for some cost-share methods. We reviewed State Department and U.S. Mission to NATO reporting cables that detailed the negotiations for the invitation and accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. In addition, this work built upon our prior work on NATO enlargement issues. We conducted our review between March and April 1998 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. AGENCY COMMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6 The Departments of State and Defense provided oral comments on a draft of this report and concurred with our findings and conclusions. Department officials indicated that the report provides a documented record of the changes that occurred in how NATO costs have been shared over the years, a history that had not been previously compiled. ---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.1 We plan no further distribution of this report until 30 days after its issue date. At that time, we will send copies of this report to the Secretaries of State and Defense and appropriate congressional committees. Copies will be made available to other interested parties upon request. Please contact me on (202) 512-4128 if you or your staff have any questions concerning this report. The major contributors to this report were Jim Shafer, Muriel Forster, and Hynek Kalkus. Harold J. Johnson, Associate Director International Relations and Trade Issues CURRENT NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION COMMON BUDGET COST SHARES =========================================================== Appendix I Not all North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members participate in all aspects of the commonly funded budgets.\1 Although all 16 members participate fully in the civil budget, Spain and France do not participate in all aspects of the military budget or the NATO Security Investment Program (NSIP). Further, the NATO Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) program, funded through the military budget but with its own negotiated cost shares, does not include France, Spain, and Iceland, and the United Kingdom only partially participates in it. Finally, although Iceland is counted as a participant in the NSIP, its cost share is zero. Table I.1 shows the current cost shares for each member at each level of participation. In 1997, the actual cost shares for the United States were 23.35 percent for the civil budget, since all 16 nations participate fully in this budget; 28.08 percent for the military budget, exclusive of the AWACS program; 41.48 percent for the AWACS program; and 26.46 percent of the NSIP budget. The total U.S. cost share is 28.45 percent across all the budgets. Table I.1 Current Cost Shares for NATO's Common Budgets (Numbers in percent) Civil budge NATO Security Investment t Military budget Program ----- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- AWACS ----- ------------ -------------------------- At At Cou 15\b At 15\b At ntr At At Franc 15\c At At At At Franc 15\c At y 16\a 16\a e Spain 14\d 13\e 12\f 16\a e Spain 14\d --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Uni 23.35 24.12 25.00 28.89 30.16 32.62 41.53 23.27 24.06 26.77 27.82 ted St at es Bel 2.76 2.85 2.95 3.41 3.56 2.66 3.39 4.13 4.26 4.76 4.96 gi um Can 5.60 5.60 5.80 6.71 6.99 7.40 9.43 2.75 2.80 3.00 3.20 ada Den 1.59 1.68 1.74 2.01 2.10 1.57 2.00 3.33 3.42 3.79 3.94 ma rk Fra 16.50 16.50 17.10 \g \g \g \g 12.90 13.34 \g \g nce Ger 15.54 15.54 16.10 18.61 19.42 22.10 28.14 22.40 23.16 25.74 26.76 ma ny Gre 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.46 0.47 0.49 0.62 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.07 ece Ice 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 \g \g 0 0 0 0 la nd Ita 5.75 5.91 6.12 7.08 7.38 5.71 7.26 7.75 8.09 9.10 9.40 ly Lux 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.11 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.24 em bo ur g Net 2.75 2.84 2.94 3.40 3.55 2.94 3.75 4.58 4.72 5.27 5.48 he rl an ds Nor 1.11 1.16 1.20 1.39 1.45 1.15 1.46 2.83 2.94 3.27 3.38 way Por 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.75 0.78 0.55 0.70 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.41 tu ga l Spa 3.50 3.50 \g 4.19 \g \g \g 3.29 \g 3.78 \g in Tur 1.59 1.59 1.65 1.90 1.99 1.28 1.63 1.04 1.08 1.13 1.17 key Uni 18.82 17.58 18.22 21.05 21.98 21.45 \g 10.19 10.54 11.72 12.18 ted Ki ng do m ================================================================================ Tot 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 al -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Legend AWACS = Airborne Warning and Control System Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. \a Cost share when all 16 members of the alliance participate. \b Cost share when France participates and Spain does not. \c Cost share when Spain participates and France does not. \d Cost share when both Spain and France do not participate. \e Cost share for AWACS when Spain, France, and Iceland do not participate but the United Kingdom does participate. \f Cost share for AWACS when the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Iceland do not participate. \g Country does not participate. Source: NATO. -------------------- \1 When a nation does not participate in some aspect of a budget, its cost share is apportioned among those participating. HISTORIC INFORMATION ABOUT NATO'S CIVIL AND MILITARY BUDGETS ========================================================== Appendix II Table II.1 provides information on the methods used and the cost shares agreed to for the civil budget. Initially, NATO attempted to revise these shares annually; however, from 1952 through 1954, the alliance was unable to agree on any changes. The 1955 cost-sharing formula was permanently adopted, barring the intervention of new factors. Table II.1 Historic Cost-Share Changes to the NATO Civil Budget (Numbers in percent) 1951 1952 1955 1982 ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------ ------------ Grouping and capacity Grouping to pay ---------------------- ---------------------- Expenditure Spain and negotiated Coun addition and others try Current Capital Current Capital of Germany prorated ---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ------------ Unit 22.50 40.00 22.50 45.00 24.20 23.35 ed Sta tes Unit 22.50 22.50 22.50 22.50 19.50 18.82 ed Kin gdo m Fran 22.50 17.00 22.50 10.73 17.10 16.50 ce Germ 16.10 15.54 any Cana 8.00 5.10 10.00 6.70 5.80 5.60 da Ital 8.00 5.10 7.65 5.36 5.96 5.75 y Spai 3.50 n Belg 5.00 3.10 4.00 2.68 2.86 2.76 ium Neth 5.00 3.10 3.50 2.18 2.85 2.75 erl and s Denm 2.00 1.30 2.25 1.51 1.65 1.59 ark Turk 2.12 1.42 1.65 1.59 ey Norw 2.00 1.30 1.30 0.84 1.15 1.11 ay Port 2.00 1.30 1.00 0.64 0.65 0.63 ugal Gree 0.50 0.33 0.39 0.38 ce Luxe 0.25 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.08 mbo urg Icel 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 and ================================================================================ Tota 100 100 100 100 100 100 l -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: NATO. Table II.2 details methods used and the cost shares agreed to for the military budget, with all members participating. These shares were identical to the civil budget until 1966, when new cost shares resulted from a request by the United Kingdom to renegotiate military budget cost shares. The United Kingdom based its argument on its weaker gross national product (GNP) growth over the preceding decade compared to most other member countries. Table II.2 Historic Cost-Share Changes to the NATO Military Budget (Numbers in percent) 1951 1952 1955 1966 1982 ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- Spain Grouping and Expenditure negotiated Count capacity to and addition and others ry Grouping pay of Germany Renegotiation prorated ----- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- Unite 22.50 22.50 24.20 25.00 24.12 d Stat es Unite 22.50 22.50 19.50 18.22 17.58 d King dom Franc 22.50 22.50 17.10 17.10 16.50 e Germa 16.10 16.10 15.54 ny Canad 8.00 10.00 5.80 5.80 5.60 a Italy 8.00 7.65 5.96 6.12 5.91 Spain 3.50 Belgi 5.00 4.00 2.86 2.95 2.85 um Nethe 5.00 3.50 2.85 2.94 2.84 rlan ds Denma 2.00 2.25 1.65 1.74 1.68 rk Turke 2.12 1.65 1.65 1.59 y Norwa 2.00 1.30 1.15 1.20 1.16 y Portu 2.00 1.00 0.65 0.65 0.63 gal Greec 0.50 0.39 0.39 0.38 e Luxem 0.25 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.08 bourg Icela 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 nd ================================================================================ Total 100 100 100 100 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: NATO. HISTORIC INFORMATION ABOUT NATO'S INFRASTRUCTURE BUDGET ========================================================= Appendix III In 1951, NATO inherited its infrastructure program from the Western Union Defense Organization. Initially the program's cost shares were negotiated annually for groups of projects; however, to manage the financing of these projects more efficiently, cost shares for multiyear programs were adopted. According to officials at NATO, from the mid-1950s until 1990, NATO reviewed infrastructure cost shares about every 5 years. The effective U.S. cost share for infrastructure projects has been reduced from over 43 percent in 1960 to under 27 percent in 1997. The U.S. share in percentage terms has been affected by both permanent reductions in the established U.S. cost share and by other means. Due to the nature of the program, effective costs for a member can be changed without permanently adjusting the cost share. For example, between 1971 and 1975, NATO implemented the European Defense Improvement Plan. This plan funded infrastructure projects to improve physical protection installations for aircraft on NATO airfields. It was financed by a one-time special European contribution from member nations except Canada, France, Portugal, and the United States. Between 1975 and 1979, NATO implemented the United States Special Program, which was designed to reduce to 20 percent the effective U.S. cost share by the allocation of a small portion of infrastructure funds to special U.S. projects. These projects were generally not eligible for infrastructure funding. This group of projects was funded by all members except Turkey. The effective U.S. cost share will also decrease due to the greater participation in the military aspects of the alliance and infrastructure projects by Spain and possibly France. CURRENT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT FOR NATO MEMBERS ========================================================== Appendix IV Table IV.1 presents all NATO nations' gross domestic products (GDP) converted into dollars through the use of purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP is a technique using standardized international dollar price weights applied to the quantities of goods and services produced in an economy, rather than using exchange rates to compare economies. We are presenting this information because GDP is an economic indicator that has been considered when assessing a nation's capacity to pay in alliance cost-share negotiations. For example, GDP was used in negotiations on cost shares with Spain in 1982. Table IV.1 NATO Nations' Estimated GDPs, Adjusted by PPP (1996) (Dollars in billions) Percent of total Country PPP GDP NATO PPP GDP ------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------ United States $7,610 48.99 Germany 1,700 10.94 France 1,220 7.85 United Kingdom 1,190 7.66 Italy 1,120 7.21 Canada 721 4.64 Spain 593 3.82 Turkey 379 2.44 Netherlands 318 2.05 Belgium 205 1.32 Portugal 122 0.79 Denmark 118 0.76 Norway 114 0.73 Greece 107 0.69 Luxembourg\a 10 0.06 Iceland 5 0.03 ====================================================================== Total $15,532 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. \a Luxembourg's GDP is based on a 1995 estimate. Source: The World Factbook 1997. *** End of document. ***


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New Student Week
Fall 2003 Schedule
Tuesday, September 23
< Monday
Wednesday >
Early Morning and All-Day Events
Weight Room
7 to 9 a.m.,
Monday through Friday
Under Football Stadium
Machines and free weights available for recreational use. Bring your WOU ID card.
Total Tone
8 to 9 a.m.,
Monday through Friday
OPE Gym
Welcome a new total toning class at WOU! Class will emphasize toning, strengthening, stretching, upper-body free weights and relaxation! Certified instructor.
Presented by the Division of Extended Programs.
Identification Cards
8:00 a.m. to Noon and 1 to 5:00 p.m.,
Monday through Friday
Werner University Center, Main (Second) Floor
Identification cards will be made for students who have not yet received their cards. The first card is free for incoming students. (Replacement cards are issued for $10.00.)
New Student Week Information
8:30 to 10:30 a.m. and 12:30 to 5 p.m.,
Mon. through Fri., various times
Werner University Center, North Foyer, Main (Second) Floor
Questions? Here's a place to get all the answers! Sign up here for the variety show on Sunday and the Earth Sciences trip on Friday. You can also learn about joining PLUS Team 2004!
Residential Service Center Fitness Orientation
10 a.m. to 5 p.m.,
Tuesday through Friday
Valsetz Residential Service Center
If you live on-campus and plan on working out in the residence hall fitness center this school year, you have to go through an orientation to use the facility. This Residence Hall Student Only fitness center features treadmills, EFX crosstrainers, bicycles, and a limited amount of free weights. Make sure you come to the fitness center this week to go through a short 15 minute orientation.
Sponsored by University Residences.
Morning Information Sessions
Freshman Student Athlete Orientation
8 to 9:30 a.m.
Werner University Center, Columbia Room
Athletic Director Jon Carey will present information on NCAA regulations and succeeding as a college athlete at this
session for freshman student athletes.
Transfer Student Orientation
8:30 to 10 a.m.
Werner University Center, Santiam Room
This session will cover important information for transfer students on how to succeed at WOU. Small group discussions facilitated by peer leaders will highlight the orientation. General advisement will also be provided at this time.
Session repeats at 1 to 2:30 p.m., in the Columbia Room.
Financial Aid Counseling (A-L)
8:30 to 9:30 a.m.
Werner University Center, Pacific Room
All new students with last names beginning in A-L receiving financial aid must attend in order to receive their financial aid award.
Transfers and non-traditional students should attend the afternoon session, 3 to 4 p.m.
Financial Aid Counseling (M-Z)
9:30 to 10:30 a.m.
Werner University Center, Pacific Room
All new students with last names beginning in M-Z receiving financial aid must attend in order to receive their financial aid award.
Transfers and non-traditional students should attend the afternoon session, 3 to 4 p.m.
Mid-Day Events
11 a.m. to Noon
NPE Gym
Western Oregon University President PHilip W. Conn will present WOU's Convocation address to new students in the NPE gymnasium.
Weight Room
Noon to 1 p.m.,
Monday through Friday
Under Football Stadium
Machines and free weights available for recreational use. Bring your WOU ID card.
New Student Week Walk Signing
Noon to 2 p.m.
Behind Football Stadium
Notice the signatures on sidewalks around campus? Be a part of this 45-year tradition. Sign your name in concrete and leave your legacy behind.
Frisbee Golf
12:30 to 2 p.m.
The Grove
Enjoy a relaxing afternoon of frisbee golf.
University Residences Computer Support
Noon to Midnight,
Monday through Friday
Landers Hall Computer Lab
If you have questions about your residence hall computer connections or need additional computer support, this is the place to go!
Afternoon Information Sessions
1 to 2 p.m.
Heritage Hall and Werner University Center (WUC)
Street Safe Defense Program,
Heritage Hall Ballroom (Fourth Floor)
Self-defense starts before an attack happens. Come learn how to identify the issues, how to avoid and prevent yourself from becoming involved in violence, and learn some basic self-defense tactics in case avoidance is not enough.
Session repeats on Wednesday, Noon to 1 p.m., same location.
Students with Disabilities Orientation,
WUC, Willamette Room
This session for students at WOU with disabilities will provide networking and resources available through the Office of Disability Services.
1 to 2:30 p.m.
Werner University Center and ITC, Various Locations
Transfer Student Orientation,
Columbia Room
This session will cover important information for transfer students on how to succeed at WOU. Small group discussions facilitated by peer leaders will highlight the orientation. General advisement will also be provided at this time.
This session was also available at 8:30 to 10 a.m., in the Santiam Room.
Mathematics Placement Test (E-K),
If your last name begins with the letters E to K and you still need to take the math placement test, or if you want to retake the test, now is the time to do it. It is recommended that students prepare or study in advance for best results. Test times and locations will be allocated by last name; if you cannot take the test at that time, contact the Math Department at 503-838-8465 for an individual test appointment.
Other last names take the test on Monday, 10:30 to 11:30 a.m., Wednesday, 1 to 2 p.m., or Thursday, 1 to 2:30 p.m., same locations.
2 to 3 p.m.
APSC and Werner University Center (WUC)
Writing Your First College Paper,
APSC Writing Center
College-level writing is a necessary skill for classes that my require reports and research papers. This mini-class will offer tips and help you get off on the right foot. This session is limited to the first 20 people.
Session repeats on Wednesday and Thursday, 2 to 3 p.m., same location.
Student Employment,
WUC, Columbia Room
On- and off- campus employment opportunities for WOU students will be presented.
Session repeats on Wednesday, Noon to 1 p.m., same location.
3 to 4 p.m.
Werner University Center, Various Locations
WOU Bookstore & ASWOU Book Exchange,
Santiam Room
Learn about the services of the WOU Bookstore and the ASWOU Book Exchange.
Relaxation Techniques,
Willamette Room
You may have learned by now that university life can be very stressful. This session will equip you with specific techniques to help you relax while experiencing the benefits first-hand.
Session repeats on Thursday, 2 to 3 p.m., and Friday, 11 a.m. to noon, both in the Santiam Room.
How to Succeed in Mathematics & Science,
Calapooia Room
Math and science classes sometimes need to be approached differently than other subjects. Faculty members from these departments will share tips for success.
Session repeats on Friday, 1 to 2 p.m., in the Willamette Room.
Financial Aid Counseling
(Transfers and Non-Traditional Students)
3 to 4 p.m.
Werner University Center,
All new transfer and non-traditional students receiving financial aid must attend in order to receive their financial aid award.
Find Your Classes
4 to 5 p.m.
Werner University Center Plaza
The PLUS Team will help you find where you classes are located. Bring your class schedule along!
Session repeats on Thursday, Noon to 1 p.m., and Friday, 10 to 11 a.m., same location.
Non-Traditional Student Orientation
4 to 5:30 p.m.
Werner University Center, Santiam Room
This orientation will provide a time to network with other non-traditional students and learn about the services designed to meet your special needs. General advisement will also be provided at this time. WOU defines a non-traditional student as a student who is 25 years of age or older, has children or is returning after a break from school.
Evening Events
Non-Traditional Student Social, Dinner and Parenting Network
6 to 7 p.m.
Gentle House
Just what you need on a Tuesday evening! Lots of good food, good company and an ideal opportunity and an ideal opportunity to visit with other non-traditional students. Families are invited. Dinner is provided compliments of the ASWOU Student Activities Board. WOU defines a non-traditional student as a student who is 25 years of age or older, has children or is returning after a break from school. For more information or directions, please call 503-510-1478.
Campus Recreation
6:30 to 9 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, Sunday (28th)
OPE Gym, Weight Room
Come unwind and relax by lifting some weights or playing in a pick-up of volleyball, basketball, or racquetball.
WUC Premiere Night; "The Stars Are Out Tonight"
6:30 to 9 p.m.
Werner University Center
The Werner University Center is home to many services and programs which help make life on campus fun and convenient. Join us for a chance to visit all the services offered in the building, stop in the WOU Bookstore, or sample free food. Visit the Information Desk and win some great prizes! Activities include RHA Bingo and Karaoke.
Residence Hall Association (RHA) Bingo
Games start at 7:15 and 8:30 p.m.
Werner University Center, Pacific Room
B-12, I-21, N-43, G-55, O-71. BINGO! Come join the excitement of RHA Bingo! This year there will be two sessions of exciting RHA Bingo action. Have a chance to win lots of fun prizes and meet new people. There will be over $500 in prizes up for grabs in each session!!! The greatest this is it won't cost you a cent to play if you live in the residence halls and only $2 per session for off campus students!
Sponsored by the Residence Hall Association.
9 p.m. to Midnight
The Den
Come be a part of karaoke in WOUs newest late-night social center! Bring your talent (or lack of) with your friends!
Late-Night Recreation
10 p.m. to Midnight,
Monday through Thursday
OPE Gym
Racquetball, basketball, & wallyball will be available. Enjoy a night of active fun.
Go on to Wednesday, September 24
Western Oregon University Contact Information
© 2002-03 Western Oregon University
Last Updated: Tuesday, 16 September, 2003 2:50 PM

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BENTON -- Declining revenues and increased costs for E-911 dispatching have county and city officials considering joining forces.
Scott County commissioners discussed the future of E-911 services in the county during their regular meeting Tuesday.
"We're trying to consolidate it in the county, and maybe regionalize it," said Presiding Commissioner Martin Priggel.
In December, the county's E-911 equipment was upgraded and moved to the Scott County Jail by commissioners to establish the Scott County Communications Center.
"All three of us have worked very hard on this 911," said Commissioner Dennis Ziegenhorn.
County officials are now discussing with officials from Scott City and Sikeston, which each collect E-911 taxes and maintain their own E-911 dispatching centers, the possibility of pooling their resources to establish one countywide E-911 dispatching center.
"I'm excited about it because it's coming back to the table -- it was on the table many years ago," Ziegenhorn said. "Because of economics, it makes more sense to do this as a county and maybe even regionalize it someday."
Revenue for E-911 services comes from a tax on conventional land lines, commissioners noted, but the number of land lines in use is declining.
"Everybody's using cell phones," Ziegenhorn said.
Priggel pointed out that unlike land lines, there is no E-911 tax on cell phones to pay for E-911 dispatching.
"And at the same time we have to have more and better equipment to handle the cell phone calls and to locate where the calls are coming from," he said.
Priggel said E-911 dispatching costs are going up in other ways as well such as telephone networking, which is now 50 percent more than when the system was originally put in, and for personnel with salaries and insurance going up.
"At our mayors meeting the other day we talked about it," Priggel said, adding that Scott City's mayor responded favorably. "They're putting a lot of general revenue into it, just like the county, to subsidize it."
"The one thing that everybody is faced with is their systems are antiquated," Burger said. "If you buy a computer today, by tomorrow it's outdated. With 911, we have the latest system available and it's a stackable system -- for future expansion, cost will be minimal. It would be pretty simple for us to take in Sikeston and Scott City."
Burger said it makes sense economically to consolidate E-911 centers as all governments with 911 dispatching are putting more and more of their general revenue funds toward subsidizing E-911.
By consolidating, "we could bring all the tax revenues in under one roof and have one system," he said. "We could have a more-efficient system we can run with less people and have a more-efficient and better response to those who are in need. Everybody seemed to be real keen on the idea to put this all under one roof -- it just makes sense."
Ziegenhorn said Sikeston Department of Public Safety Director Drew Juden "has a lot of data he put together on 911 -- Drew has a lot of knowledge on how to make this thing work. With everybody wanting to make it work, it will make it even better."
"The main thing is we think we can reduce expenses for everybody by combining it," he added. "It just makes sense to do it together."
"We know there's going to be a lot of hurdles to overcome," Burger said. "But I think we're well committed to get past all those things to make it happen, financially and operationally."
"It would operate under a countywide board," Priggel said.
Ziegenhorn said if Scott County is able to accomplish a consolidation, they then can serve as a model for other Missouri counties.
Priggel said moving the county's E-911 to the jail did help with costs somewhat, "but we still have to put general revenue money into it."
In other business Tuesday, the county's Board of Equalization closed. There were no appeals, according to County Assessor Teresa Houchin.
Commissioners also heard an informational presentation from Missouri Bootheel Regional Consortium officials.


text:
Each third and fourth grader painted his or her own set of color cards for each color of the color wheel. Each student chose a unique shape to make a color wheel.
3-D Bedroom Constructions and Perspective
7 hours ago
This is the blog for the Waitsfield Elementary School Art Program in Waitsfield Vermont. This site is maintained by Nora McDonough. It contains photographs and information about past and current art projects completed at all levels, K-6.


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bearing houses in Michigan. I understand they have built a few cars and trucks there.
The easy way might be to send a Subaru seal to a bearing house with a nice note if there are none in your area. There are books listing size, type, and brand, and these guys do it every day. It has been 20 years since I did this stuff so it may all be on computer now.
It's just like transistors and tubes after all. There are standard types the manufactuers build around.
Welcome to Ultimate Subaru Message Board, my lurker friend!
|Welcome to Ultimate Subaru Message Board, an unparalleled Subaru community full of the greatest Subaru gurus and modders on the planet! We offer technical information and discussion about all things Subaru, the best and most popular all wheel drive vehicles ever created.
We offer all this information for free to everyone, even lurkers like you! All we ask in return is that you sign up and give back some of what you get out - without our awesome registered users none of this would be possible! Plus, you get way more great stuff as a member! Lurk to lose, participate to WIN*!
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Guest Message by DevFuse
Seal Removal Method?
Started by blitz , Apr 05 2005 11:01 AM
30 replies to this topic
Posted 06 April 2005 - 05:12 PM
Posted 06 April 2005 - 05:33 PM
I design and build industial machinery as a side job, there are bearing supply places all around. I just looked in my yellow pages under "Bearing" and there are seven suppliers listed that I've dealt with, and this is a small-town phonebook. Having the ID of the hole, OD of the camshaft, and length of sealing surface available would help, if you've got calipers. If anyone has the Timken or seal maker's part number that would be useful. Timken's website has a lot of bearings and seals listed by car and application.
...bearing houses in Michigan.
Posted 06 April 2005 - 05:39 PM
I hope Blitz's seal does not leak so it becomes a moot point, but somewhere down the road somebody will need to reseal something and this will come in handy.
Sometime it's amazing just how many ways there are to fix a leaky seal. One time stuck in Pennsylvania I cut a piece from a Coke can and spaced it out that way.
Sometime it's amazing just how many ways there are to fix a leaky seal. One time stuck in Pennsylvania I cut a piece from a Coke can and spaced it out that way.
Posted 06 April 2005 - 06:20 PM
When my truck started leaking I epoxied the garage floor. More treating the symptom than the disease, but the main problem was fixed (my wife was happy again).
Sometime it's amazing just how many ways there are to fix a leaky seal.
Posted 07 April 2005 - 12:47 PM
There are many ways of solving problems.
Posted 07 April 2005 - 12:53 PM
A little like wearing a red uniform to go to war. Like the British used to do.
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text:
Seldom have I met a family with multiple children that did not eventually wind up with multiple pets as well. And so it went with our three kids.
What started with a few fish became, over the years, three cats, two dogs, three hamsters and a lizard, which resulted in a virtual family circus.
The girls had cats for the most part, though Heather did briefly have a hamster. Matt started out with hamsters, but they always got sick, and each time we lost one it was traumatic for him.
So at about 10 years old Matt decided he wanted an African spotted lizard. It was about 10 inches long and the ugliest thing ever on four legs. I was terrified of it. The lizard only ate live crickets, which we had to buy and keep in a cage. Consequently, Matt's bedroom sounded like a forest at sundown twenty-four hours a day. Worst of all, the lizard would occasionally get out of its cage.
One day Heather came running downstairs yelling "Mom, my stuffed animals are moving!" The family converged on her room and sure enough her pile of furry stuffed friends was indeed in motion. That's when I retreated while John helped Matt dig through the pile and corral his wandering lizard.
One day I stayed home sick and spent nearly all day asleep on the couch. In mid afternoon something tickled my shoulder so I turned my head and came nose to nose with Matt's lizard. I nearly had a heart attack. One quick swipe of my hand sent the lizard flying, then it skittered under the sofa. I locked myself in my bedroom until Matt got home, found his pet, and returned it safely to its cage.
Needless to say, I'd had enough of amphibian antics. Matt promised to get rid of the lizard if he could have a dog. I had resisted getting another pet but this seemed like a good bargain so one day in April I came home with an Easter basket occupied by a Black Labrador Retriever puppy with a big pink ribbon around her neck. The kids were instantly in love.
Matt named her Bonnie Midnight. Like every puppy she was a cute and totally uncoordinated bundle of energy — a constant source of laughter. We soon learned that she wanted to be outside all the time, day and night, so we bought a doghouse and Bonnie happily took up residence in the back yard.
One night when she was about half grown and John was out of town on business, Bonnie started barking fiercely at 2 a.m. I ventured outside to find she had an opossum cornered in the fence. She would not give it up. Eventually, I had to call and get an animal control officer to come out. He was not amused.
True to her breed, Bonnie was an expert retriever. Though no one taught her to, Bonnie would stalk and point at any critter that ventured into our yard. If she got out of the yard, which happened often, Bonnie would scour the neighborhood for "treasures" and retrieve them.
We kept a box in the garage full of our neighbors' belongings — ball caps, tennis shoes, even a baby blanket. Matt got used to returning them on a daily basis, if he could find out who Bonnie had stolen them from.
One day, just before Christmas, Bonnie came trotting home with our neighbor's evergreen wreath around her neck and proudly presented me with her holiday gift. I wanted to be angry, but she was just too cute.


text:
Honda Tests Hybrid Endurance In 25-Hour Race
A Honda CR-Z hybrid finished second in its class and 9th overall in a field of 72 cars in the weekend's 25 Hours of Thunderhill endurance race near Willows, Calif. And while the event may not have the cachet of the 24 Hours of Le Mans or the 12 Hours of Sebring, winning it is a big deal in racing circles.
The race, which is run by the National Auto Spot Association, or NASA, is popular among grass-roots racers as well as auto manufacturers and racing teams that also compete in more prestigious series. This year's event marked the first time Honda's U.S. racing division entered its own team, and it was also the first time the company fielded a racing version of one of its hybrids.
In the race the Honda staged a come-from-behind run that looked like it might end in a class win. But after racing back from a deficit of nearly 10 laps the #19 CR-Z wound up finishing second in its class, just over a minute behind the class-winning Mazda Miata. Both finished ahead of many cars in faster classes with more power.
The 25 Hours of Thunderhill is in its 9th year and attracts teams come from NASA, the Sports Car Club of America, the American Le Mans Series and others. Typical entries range from Porsche Carreras and BMW 3-Series to smaller models like the Miata. The number of competitors, mix of vehicles and the differing levels of experience among drivers tend to make the event especially exciting.


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I don't like using the term superfood, though it could certainly be applied to Spirulina. Though not technically an herb (actually a cyanobacteria), it boasts its fair share of health promoting properties. It is rich in Chlorophyll, and like plants, gets its energy from the sun.
What is it?
Spirulina is a natural "algae" (cyanbacteria) powder that is incredibly high in protein and a good source of antioxidants, B-vitamins and other nutrients. When harvested correctly from non-contaminated ponds and bodies of water, it is one of the most potent nutrient sources available. It is largely made up of protein and essential amino acids, and is typically recommended to vegetarians for its high natural iron content. It is often touted for its high B-12 content, though there is a lot of debate about if this particular form is a complete and absorbable form of B-12 and I don't recommend it completely in place of animal products.
The high concentration of protein and iron also makes it ideal during pregnancy, after surgery, or anytime the immune system needs a boost.
Health Properties
Though it does taste like pond scum, Spirulina has some great health-boosting qualities:
- Spirulina is 65% protein and amino acids including the essential fatty acid gamma linolenic acid (GLA) which has gotten a lot of attention for its anti-inflammatory properties, especially when taken with other quality Omega-3 supplements like Fermented Cod Liver Oil. (I suspect that the benefits of GLA in Spirulina are even more than what the studies have found since these studies often use vegetable oils for their GLA source, and the other inflammatory compounds in vegetable oils can interfere with the anti-inflammatory ability.) It contains all essential amino acids. GLA is difficult to find in a food source and normally has to be created by the body. Spirulina is one of the few foods with a natural GLA content.
- Spirulina contains Omega 3-,6 and 9s and is especially high in Omega-3s.
- Spirulina is extremely high in Chlorophyll, which helps remove toxins from the blood and boost the immune system.
- Spirulina has a very high concentration of bio-available iron and is excellent during pregnancy and for those with anemia and will not cause constipation. The proteins and nutrients in Spirulina are very bioavailable and easy to absorb.
- Spirulina is a great source of other nutrients including (according to Wikipedia): "Spirulina contains vitamins B-1(thiamine), B-2 (riboflavin), B-3(nicotinamide), B-6 (pyridoxine), B-9 (folic acid), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin E. It is also a source of potassium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, sodium and zinc. Spirulina contains many pigments which may be beneficial and bioavailable".
- This Spirulina was tested by an independent laboratory and found to have an ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) of over 24,000 which is 4x the ORAC score of blueberries. The ORAC score is generally used to measure antioxidant ability and concentration in different foods.
- Spirulina is also incredibly high in calcium with over 26 times the calcium in milk, making it excellent for children, the elderly and during pregnancy.
- Some research has suggested that Spirulina may be helpful for those with allergies and allergic reactions.
- Spirulina's phosphorus content makes it helpful as part of a tooth remineralization regimen.
- Emerging evidence suggests that it binds with radioactive isotopes and may be useful for radioactivity exposure or radiation therapy.
- The protein in Spirulina is highly usable and has a net protein utilization rate of between 50-61%
- Spirulina can bind with heavy metals in the body and help remove them.
- Spirulina can increase fat burning during exercise.
How to Consume Spirulina
When choosing Spirulina, make sure to choose one that is organic, as others can be contaminated or have nitrate compounds as additives. The one I'm currently using can be purchased here and it is also the cheapest organic Spirulina I've seen.
It does taste like pond water though, so many people prefer supplements like this high quality spirulina capsule.
I add Spirulina to my veggie smoothies each day and take extra during pregnancy. It is best to get in about 2 teaspoons per day, and 2 or more tablespoons during illness, after radiation exposure, or during pregnancy. It does taste horrible though!
You can also mix into water and drink straight, though many people have trouble with this. The phosphorous makes it useful for thetooth remineralizing regimen, and it is best taken with an Omega-3 source like fermented cod liver oil. It's anti-inflammatory properties have been helpful to some with joint pain or other types of inflammation.
Cautions About Spirulina
Those with PKU should consult with a doctor before taking, as it does contain that amino acid. Those on any type of anti-coagulation medicine should consult with a doctor before beginning (or stopping) taking Spirulina. Some people with autoimmune disease do not do well with Spirulina. If you are pregnant, nursing or have any medical condition, check with your doctor first!
University of Maryland Medical Center Report on Spirulina
P. D. Karkos, S. C. Leong, C. D. Karkos, N. Sivaji, and D. A. Assimakopoulos, "Spirulina in Clinical Practice: Evidence-Based Human Applications," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 531053, 4 pages, 2011. doi:10.1093/ecam/nen058
The Medical Research of Spirulina – Cyanotech Corporation
Park, Hee Jung;Lee, Yun Jung;Ryu, Han Kyoung;Kim, Mi Hyun;Chung, Hye Won;Kim, Wha Young, "A randomized double blind, placebo controlled study to establish the effects of spirulina in elderly Koreans," Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2008.
Ever taken Spirulina? What did you think of the taste? Will you try it now? Share below!


text:
We are OPEN Now !!!!! New Address is 2779 Gulf To Bay Boulevard, Clearwater, FL 33759.
"Eat Healthy AND Delicious!!"
"The Best of Tampa Bay" (Urban Spoon Review)
Deeya Indian Cuisine is conveniently located On Gulf To Bay Boulevard by Clearwater Mall, In Front Racetrac Gas Station in Clearwater (Click here for map), we offer the finest Indian Cuisine in Pinellas County. We take great pride in preparing our meals using the same natural ingredients and Tandoori ovens used in India.
We use only the freshest foods from local providers along with rare herbs and spices imported directly from India. This is the only way we can provide you with the authentic flavor of India.
Just as China has many provinces, each with their own approach to cooking, so it is also with India. We feature the wonderful flavor that is attributed to the area of Northern India known as the Punjab region.
We welcome you to an exotic dining experience, one of the most authentic examples of the healthy and delicious tastes of India!
Note: We suggest you call us (727.539.0273) for a reservation when you have more than 4 in your party. This will help to help ensure your finest experience. Thank you.
Keep us in mind when you need to cater an event!
We can provide you with many choices from our excellent menu that will have your guests remembering your event for years! Ask your server for more information or click on the link on our menu. Thank you!


text:
Breakthrough Rapid Reading
You save US$3.50
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched from the UK in 2 business days
The former National Director of Education for Evelyn Wood Reading Dynamics. presents his do-it-yourself program for increasing reading speed and boosting comprehension. This program distills fundamental principles and skills chat can be learned at home with the help of the drills and exercises provided. And because it lets readers choose their own materials and set their own pace, it's the ideal method for busy people juggling a full schedule.show more
Product details
- Paperback | 287 pages
- 175.26 x 231.14 x 20.32mm | 566.99g
- 25 Jul 2011
- Penguin Putnam Inc
- Penguin USA
- New York, NY, United States
- English
- Revised
- Revised edition
- 9780735200197
- 20,655
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About Peter Kump
Peter Kump, a rapid reading expert, has been Director of Peter Kump Reading Consultants for over twenty years. He has taught rapid reading to White House staff, corporate groups, and individuals. He lives in New York City.show more
Table of contents
Breakthrough Rapid ReadingWhat Breakthrough Rapid Reading Means to You Chapter One: Save Time by Starting Today Rapid Reading Is a Skill; Successful Skill Learning; A Senior "Student" Makes It; A Good Reader Is a Flexible Reader; What You Can Expect to Learn; How to Get Started; Exercise No. 1Chapter Two: Test Your Reading Rate to See Where You Stand Timing Yourself; Testing Yourself; Computing Your Reading Rate; Evaluating Your Retention; Keeping Your Progress Profile; Evaluating Your Present Skills; Be Sure You're Ready to Begin; A Few Words About Your EyesChapter Three: Start Using Your Built-in Reading Accelerator What Your Eyes Do When You Read; Regressions Slow Your Rate Considerably; What You Should Know About Reading Conditions; Reading Positions; How to Use Your Hand in Reading; Exercise No. 2; Exercise No. 3Chapter Four: Eliminate Regressions and Speed Ahead How People Read Fast; The Next Big Step; Eliminating Regressions; Exercise No. 4; Always Use Your Hand; Getting AheadChapter Five: Build Your Reading Rate through Drilling The Three Stages of Subvocalizing; Proper Practice Is the Key; How to Learn to Discern Information More Rapidly; Exercise No. 5; Exercise No. 6; Getting AheadPractice Drills for Week 2 (Supplementary drills to be done with the next six chapters.) Chapter Seven: Don't Read Just for Its Own Sake The First Misconception; The Second Misconception; The Third Misconception; Once Through Is Not Enough; Exercise No. 9; Exercise No. 10; Get Specific with Your Purpose; Know Your Purpose and You Won't Have to Work So Hard; Use These Questions to Start Setting Your Purpose; Set a Purpose for Everything You ReadChapter Eight: Become One of the World's Faster Readers! The "Secret" of Speed Reading; A New Drill Can Increase Your Rate Even More; Exercise No. 11; Push Up Even When You're "Reading"; Exercise No. 12; It Can Be Easy to Reach Your GoalChapter Nine: Use the Magic Line to Develop Better Reading Recall The "Acid" Test of Comprehension; The Magic Line; Exercise No. 13; Comprehension Versus Speed; Exercise No. 14; Getting AheadChapter Ten: Stretch Your Rate Higher with a Different Drill The Range of Efficient Linear Reading; Your Reading Rate Will Vary; The Double/Triple Drill; Exercise No. 15; Reading Versus Practice Reading; Are You Making the Mark?; How to Move Your Hand FasterChapter Eleven: Know Writers' Techniques and Help Yourself The Basic Form of Nonfiction; Exercise No. 16; The Forms of FictionChapter Twelve: Don't Let Turning Pages Slow You Down "Dusting"; Exercise No. 17; The Glorious Saga of the Windshield Wiper, Solving a Nonreading Problem; Turning Pages the Fast Way; Exercise No. 18; Getting AheadPractice Drills for Week 3(Supplementary drills to be done with the next six chapters)Chapter Thirteen: Make Difficult Reading Easy How Abstract the Writing Is Affects Your Understanding; How People Write and Speak; Levels of Generality; The "Testing" Question; Exercise No. 19; Exercise No. 20Chapter Fourteen: How People Read Really Fast Evelyn Wood's Remarkable and Simple Discovery; The Differences Between Slow and Fast Readers; How to See Eye Movements; How Much Can the Eyes See?; Why Can't You Understand Lots of Words at a Time; Taking the First Step; Exercise No. 21Chapter Fifteen: Learn to Read as Fast as You Think "Reading" at High Rates Feels Different; How to Get Comprehension at Higher Rates; Meaning Isn't Carried by All the Words; You Can Read Out-of-Expectancy Order; Exercise No. 22; Adapt Your Hand Movement to the Paragraph; Exercise No. 23Chapter Sixteen: How to Start Getting Comprehension at High Speeds The Three Rules Which Govern Comprehension; Back to the First Grade; Practice As Much As You Can; Exercise No. 24; Exercise No. 25Chapter Seventeen: Read Without Saying Each Word to Yourself - And Soar Be Sure You're Ready to Move Ahead; "Paragraphing": The New Hand Movement; Put Your Earplugs On to Practice: The Two Keys to Successful Practice; Exercise No. 26; You're Your Own Best Bet; Exercise No. 27Chapter Eighteen: How Are You Coming Along? Re-test Yourself; Are You Ready to Move On?; You Must Evaluate YourselfPractice Drills for Week 4 (Supplementary drills to be done with the next six chapters.)Chapter Nineteen: Knowing Reading Signals Helps Speed You Up Why Signal Words Help You Understand; The Many Kinds of Transition Words; Exercise No. 28; Exercise No. 29; Exercise No. 30; Faster Reading in Harder Materials; High-Speed Practice Helps Lower-Speed ReadingChapter Twenty: There's More Than One Way to "Read" Old-Fashioned Speed Reading; Exercise No. 31; Scanning Is Another Reading Alternative; Exercise No. 32; Four Ways of Reading; Leave Your Guilt Behind!Chapter Twenty-One: Advance Organizers Can Help Your Comrehension From Whole to Parts; Find the Author's "Map"; Hard Books Are Often the Easiest; Previewing Nonfiction; When There Is No Apparent "Map"; Exercise No. 33Chapter Twenty-two: Change Your Attitude and Increase Your Speed What a Basketball Experiment Taught Me; How You're Making Progress When Your Rate Stays the Same - Or Even Drops; Remember the Value of Practice Reading; My "Best" Student; Handle Each Day's Practice by Itself; Exercise No. 34Chapter Twenty-three: Previewing Fiction Is Always Very Fast Use Scanning to Preview Fiction; Read for Enjoyment; Beware of Reading Problems; Reviewing: The Third Step; Exercise No. 35Chapter Twenty-four: A Different Hand Movement Can Help Your Comprehension The Good Reason for New Hand Movements; The Two Types of Hand Movements; "Underlining" with Two Fingers; The Slashing Hand Movement; The Criss-Crossing Hand Movement; "Criss-Crossing"; Exercise No. 36; And Why Not Straight Down the Page?Practice Drills for Week 5 (Supplementary drills to be done with the next six chapters.)Chapter Twenty-five: Make Study Reading a Game What's Happening While You're Learning; The Mind Can't Handle Everything That Comes to It; Concentration Is a Trick; The Two Rules of Learning; Ways to Increase Your Concentration; The True Test of Learning; Read Aggressively; "Use" the Information Well; Exercise No. 37Chapter Twenty-six: Read with Defined Purposes Reading Purposes Vary Widely; When Your Purpose Is Pleasure; A Stock Broker Finds There's More to It Than Speed Alone; Read Smarter and Faster; Don't Let Chance Determine Your Purpose; Levels of Reading and Learning; How to Define a Purpose When Studying; When You're Not Certain; Draw the Recall Pattern in Advance; How to Learn the Correct Information; However You Can Learn Most Efficiently Is the Right Way; Exercise No. 38Chapter Twenty-seven: "Program" Your Reading to Learn More Efficiently Spend Less Time to Learn More; The Most Efficient Reading; A Plan for Studying; Don't Read to Remember; Exercise No. 39Chapter Twenty-eight: Create Visual Patterns to Help Your Recall The Value of a Recall Pattern Versus an Outline; Taking the Second Step; Recall Patterns Can Vary; Exercise No. 40Chapter Twenty-nine: Remember More of What You've Read with These Proven Techniques The Three Steps to Improving Your Retention; Organize Creatively; Associate Information Dramatically; Compare and Contrast; More "Recording" Tricks; Exercise No. 41; Now Apply the Techniques for Yourself; A Final WordChapter Thirty: Unravel Difficult Passages This Easy Way When Reading in a New Field; When the Writing Is Abstract; Success Doesn't Always Mean 100 Percent; How Fast Can You Read?; When Reading Test Materials; Exercise No. 42Practice Drills for Week 6 (Supplementary drills to be done with the next six chapters.)Chapter Thirty-one: Develop High Speeds with These Special Drills It Helps to Be Relaxed; Results Vary with Various Teachers; Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?; Exercise No. 43; Exercise No. 44; Practice at Three Times Your Reading RateChapter Thirty-two: Read Your Newspaper Instantaneously Practice Your New Techniques Where It's Easy; Familiarity Breeds Faster Reading; News Articles Have the Easiest Form of All; A New Way to Read the Newspaper; Narrow Column Hand Movements; Exercise No. 45Chapter Thirty-three: Don't Waste Your Time Reading the Mail The First Rule: Handle Everything Only Once; Evaluate a Letter's Importance Right Away; Exercise No. 46Chapter Thirty-four: Develop the Book-a-Day Habit First Decide What You Want to Read; How to Get More Books Read; A Book-A-Day Approach; Patrick Buchanan Reads Three Books in Two Flights; The Form of Fiction; A Structural Review of "The Cop and the Anthem"; Exercise No. 47; Names Can Be a Problem; Why Read Novels?Chapter Thirty-five: Keep Up with Your Magazines and Informational Reading Use Wisely Whatever Time You Have; Stop Being Compulsive!; When You Find You're Slowing Down; Exercise No. 48; Handle Nonfiction Books the Same Way; Try the Drugstore Drill; Exercise No. 49Chapter Thirty-six: Find Out Just How Far You've Come Devise a Six-Month Plan; How Thomas Wolfe Became a Speed Reader; A Few TipsPractice Drills for Continuing How to Maintain a Certain Practice Reading RateIndexshow more


text:
Younger, Internet-savvy Germans say they understand why officials are going after these companies, but aren't changing their behavior as a result of it
Some Germans say that not all data should be protected in the same way
Gabriel Yoran is the co-founder of Aka Aki, a mobile social network that connects people through their mobile phones. Launched in 2008, Aka Aki boasts 600,000 users in Germany and France, and must also comply with German data protection legislation.
Despite recent government inquiries into Google's having accidentally collected data over unsecure WiFi networks while photographing for its Street View service, and Facebook's retention of email data by people who aren't even members of the site, Yoran said that this hasn't changed peoples' behavior.
"Do you know anyone that has quit their Google Mail account after they found out that while doing Google Street View, they were recording WiFi data?" said Yoran, "I don't know anyone who did that."
Indeed, the nearly eight million Germans on Facebook are still sharing photos and posting on each others' walls just as much as before. And Google is still the search king of Germany, with over 90 percent of the online search market.
This discrepancy reflects a significant gulf between the laws public officials are trying to enforce, and the online behavior of many young, Internet-savvy Germans.
Google Street View is currently available in Spain, France, the United States, Canada and a few other countries -- but not Germany
"I know people in wheelchairs and they often don't know whether they can go somewhere because they don't know if there are barriers or ramps," explained Yoran, "and in other countries they use Street View to find out whether they can enter that certain museum or that certain underground station because they can see it. And here you can't."
Facebook should be more transparent, officials say
Negative publicity hasn't stopped Germans from using Facebook either - despite the announcement last month by Germany's consumer protection minister, Ilse Aigner, who said she would quit Facebook to protest the company's attitude towards privacy. While some criticized this step as a media stunt, Yoran agreed that Facebook should be more transparent.
Ilse Aigner, Germany's consumer protection minister, said last month she would quit Facebook
Beyond legal inquiries, the federal privacy commissioner, Peter Schaar, recently called for the creation of a smartphone app that would tell people how data from their mobile is being used.
Germany's history of data surveillance
So why are Germans so hung up about what happens to their data? According to Markus Beckedahl, editor of the blog Netzpolitik.org, Germany's fierce data protection legislation today is a result of the country's history.
"With two dictatorships - the Nazis and then in the Eastern part - the GDR - all the people fear that some kind of power stores a lot of data and can work with the data," he said.
Younger Germans unmoved
But some Germans may see more shades of grey when it comes to data protection.
Frauke Godat, who works for The Hub, a co-working space in Berlin, says that not all data may be worth protecting in the same way.
For example, some Germans are upset about supermarket loyalty cards, but Godat doesn't care if a company knows what kinds of groceries she buys.
"That's not information that I value about me. If they want to know what I buy, that's fine, that doesn't really concern me." she said. "I have a feeling that people here in Germany are very over-protective with their data."
Kai von Lewinski, a law professor at Humboldt University in Berlin, explains that in part, this may have to do with a generation gap. Young people today have a different attitude towards privacy and data protection, and also a different relationship to the internet than their parents do, he said.
"If an online service is worth using, but doesn't care about data privacy, they give them fake data or only use it in a specific manner," he said.
Von Lewinski added that young people don't wait for regulation - they just react to new technologies and programs. But that doesn't mean they're not conscious of what they're doing.
Even though the average person might not care about their details being used by retail stores, von Lewinski said that there is a place for regulation and somebody should be keeping tabs on these companies. Without data protection measures the combination of credit card details with personal information could leave people vulnerable to identity theft and fraud.
Author: Cinnamon Nippard
Editor: Cyrus Farivar
Google's Street View cars are set to hit the road again in several countries this week, but not in Germany where their welcome remains lukewarm. (12.07.2010)
German data protection officials go after Facebook for storing personal data of non-users. Meanwhile, another official advocates creating a smartphone app for users to track personal information gathered about them. (08.07.2010)


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The Martian Chronicles
by Ray Bradbury
The Martian Chronicles: Chronicling the Chronicles Quiz
Think you've got your head wrapped around The Martian Chronicles? Put your knowledge to the test. Good luck — the Stickman is counting on you!
Q. What is the significance of The Martian Chronicles taking place in the near future?
It's easier to write about.
Bradbury wants to be recognized as an accurate futurist.
That way, new technology would be plausible (yay interplanetary rockets) but close enough that we still wouldn't have figured out some of those pressing global-civilization issues (boo nuclear weapons).
He wanted to live long enough to see his stories come true.
Q. What is the significance of the third person omniscient narrator in The Martian Chronicles?
The way Bradbury uses this perspective draws the reader in to a more intimate relationship with the narrator.
It allows the writer to provide a richer background that helps motivate the character's thoughts and actions.
Three people are better than one.
This perspective keeps the audience at arms' length.
Q. Is Bradbury's Mars scientifically accurate?
No, his Mars is very much a fantasyland version.
Yes, his Mars is meticulously scientific.
His Mars is a mixture of fact and fantasy.
He does not write about mars; he writes about Jupiter.
Q. Which of the following are examples of comic elements within The Martian Chronicles?
Walter Gripp learning to be happy alone instead of living with a hideous woman who makes the mistake of eating chocolate in front of him.
Ylla says that Earth could never support life because "Our scientists have said there's far too much pollution in their atmosphere" (43).
The earth people try to take advantage of the Martians
There are no comic elements in The Martian Chronicles.


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Definition of tracasserie in English:
Entry from British & World English dictionary
noun(usually tracasseries) archaic
A fuss; a petty quarrel: all the intrigues and tracasseries of the cabinet
More example sentences
- For Jane Austen life really is all about money and tracasserie, and gossip and dresses, and feeling superior - the very things for which Emma Woodhouse is castigated.
- He was not at all pleased to see me, but gradually thawed and explained that owing to the tracasseries of the Bishop of Poitiers, he had been made the victim of a continuous and vindictive persecution.
- After all these weary tracasseries of the cramers, it is refreshing, if only by way of contrast, to come to the military Scot in Poland, who was, if not more noble by birth than many of the merchants, yet considerably more interesting.
French, from tracasser 'to bustle or fuss'.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: tra¦cas|serie
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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Mercyhurst Prep looks to repeat as PIAA tennis champs
The 2012 Mercyhurst Prep girls tennis team made history as the first District 10 program of any kind to win a PIAA championship when they swept Moravian Academy for first place in Class AA.
That means the 2013 Lakers, who begin their season Monday, have the chance to be D-10's first team to repeat.
The return of five starters to coach Kelly Maslar's team, plus the addition of a talented transfer, are why such a bid is plausible for Mercyhurst.
Look for preseason coverage of the Lakers and other players to watch for this season in Sunday's edition of the Erie Times-News.


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Milpitas Fire Department personnel responded to a residential fire at 315 Rio Verde Place No. 3, west of South Abel Street, Wednesday night.
At about 7:57 p.m., Milpitas fire crews responded to the report of smoke at that address. The first arriving engine company reported smoke inside the residence and light smoke from the eves outside, reports state.
After further investigation by fire crews, the origin of the smoke was found to be from an electrical junction box in the crawl space above the ceiling. The cause of the fire is deemed electrical at this time, reports state.
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. was on scene to mitigate the complexities of the electrical issue. There were no injuries reported in relation to this incident. One person was displaced due to the incident and relocated for the evening, reports state.
San Jose Fire Department provided one fire engine for City of Milpitas emergency response coverage.


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How did we do? Week 4 Big Ten picks revisited
Before we turn our attention to Week 5, it's time to revisit how the BTN.com team and Big Ten fans did with their Week 4 Big Ten predictions. Stephen Bardo went a perfect 10-0 to move into a first-place tie (39-7) with Brent Yarina and Big Ten fans, who both went 9-1.


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High School Book Club
Tuesday, July 1, 2014
8:00am @ Lucile H. Bluford Branch
We provide the books, you provide the insight! Not only will we discuss books, but we will play games, do fun activities and maybe even create our own digital stories.
Reservations are required, space is limited.


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Auricchio to Produce Gorgonzola io Cheese Co. here has begun producing handmade Gorgonzola, using an old Italian recipe. The soft cheese, produced with specially designed equipment in a recently acquired manufacturing plant in Wisconsin, is similar to the imported variety, an Auricchio spokesman said. "By producing the Italian specialty cheese here, Auricchio can provide distributors with a fresher product and enable consumers to enjoy Gorgonzola at its peak," he added. The Gorgonzola ...
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Product Description
This uniquely crafted display is an ideal complement to every home. It's made from 100% natural bamboo, re-claimed aluminum, and handmade in the beautiful state of Washington. This quadrack holds 9 wine bottles, or the option to hold 6 wine glasses as pictured. The product includes 4 screws for easy installation.


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2012 Annual Report
The objectives of this project are 1: To determine methods of activation of NK cells in response to FMDV infection. 2: To design soluble gamma-delta T cell receptor (sTCR) of bovine and to investigate the viral antigen binding capability of gamma-delta T cells . Antigens identified through the sTCR will be studied regarding their capacity to stimulate gamma-delta T cells.
During FY 2012, we tested various biophospho-antigens for their capability to stimulate bovine gammadelta T cells as has been reported in human and mouse studies. The purpose of experiments is to find suitable biophospho-antigens that are able to stimulate bovine gammadelta T cells and can be optimized for use in enhancing innate immunity in the bovine. These antigens were shown to activate gammadelta T cells to increase the expression of cytokines with only a marginal degree of proliferation.
Over the life of the project we expect to derive soluble T cell receptors (sTCR) of gamma/delta T cells. These soluble receptors will allow us to show whether the gamma/delta T cells are involved in FMDV antigen recognition and if so what antigens these are and if they could be used in targeting FMDV. Since we have observed a moderate increase in activation following culture of gammadelta T cells in the presence of biophospho-antigens, in FY 2013 we plan to follow up this result by performing cytotoxicity assays. Once we have solved the problems with establishment of highly purified gamma/delta T cells for cloning, we will diversity of the TCR gamma/delta TCR in the clones raised previously. This will enable us to single out the dominating gamma/delta T cells which will form the basis of soluble TCR construction.
Impact: This work will help determine if the early, innate gamma/delta T cell responses to FMDV infection in cattle are mediated by an antigen nonspecific reactivity where the TCR is acting as a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) or if there is antigen specificity involved in this T cell activation.
Technology transfers include; Indicator cells (K562-pmaxFP) have been developed and can be transferred to other users for analysis of T cell activation.
Publications for the reporting period include;
1. Toka FN and WT Golde. Cell mediated innate responses of cattle and swine during virus infection: A unique landscape of innate immunity. Manuscript submitted to Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology.
2. R. Waters, P. Dar, J. Patch, M. Kenney, R. Glabman, F. Toka, and W. Golde. Analysis of bovine natural killer (NK) cell and ¿d T cell mediated cytotoxicity following infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Abstract - Submitted to the European Veterinary Immunology Workshop, Edinburgh, 2-4 September 2012.


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Fair ~
High: 92°F ~ Low: 73°F
Saturday, Aug. 27, 2016
Sikeston pitcher Doug Still drafted by the Atlanta BravesPosted Saturday, June 7, 2014, at 6:28 PM
Though it was news to most everyone else, Doug Still knew this day was ahead of him.
Nearly a year ago Still attended a tryout held by the Atlanta Braves in Kennett where scouts saw the 6-2 left hander throw. In so many words, they told Still, "We'll get ya."
The Atlanta Braves made good on their promise Saturday when they drafted the Sikeston graduate in the 33rd round (1003rd overall) of the Major League Baseball First-Year Player Draft.
"This has always been my dream to play professional baseball," Still said. "Every since I've been able to throw a ball and it's finally came true. I can't be any more excited."
Still finished his senior season with a 3-4 record and a 2.44 ERA for the Bulldogs while striking out 70. His junior season was slightly better with a spotless 5-0 record and an ERA of 0.81.
Before the beginning of his senior year Still signed a letter of intent to pitch for Jefferson College. The decision to sign with Atlanta or attend Jefferson is still a decision Still hasn't made yet.
"I don't know yet," Still said. "There's still some things we have to figure out."
Still is the second Sikeston player drafted by the Atlanta Braves and third to play for the organization. Blake Dewitt played four games for Atlanta in 2013 and Vince Howard, Jr. was taken by the Braves in 2009 in the 30th round.
Southeast Missouri has became a talent hotbed for Atlanta of late. Most recently, former Scott City and Southeast Missouri State University pitcher Shae Simmons was called up to the majors after being drafted in 2012, along with SEMO teammate Trenton Moses. On Friday, SEMO first baseman Matt Tellor was drafted by the Braves in the 10th round. Tellor was the OVC Player of the Year.
"They do a great job of discovering kids in southeast Missouri," Still said. "It feels good to be a part of that. I'm still in shock over it all. It's unbelievable."
It wasn't the Braves, but another SEMO Conference baseball player was drafted Saturday as well.
Kennett's Kevonte Mitchell, who has already signed his letter of intent to play for Southeast, was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 13th round (379th overall).
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I have been with the Standard Democrat sports department since 2007. I took over as sports editor in May of 2011 and have been slightly crazy about sports since I can remember. I attended Southeast Missouri State University and Scott County Central High School. I co-created our sports web show "The Last Word" and my two children, Elijah and CJ. I was married to my wife, Angie, in May of 2014. I love to golf, I am an avid NBA2K gamer and root for the Fighting Irish on Saturdays.
Hot topics2016 High School Football Media Pick'em -- Week 2
(0 ~ 12:43 AM, Aug 25)
2016 High School Football Media Pick'em -- Week 1
2015 Media Football Pick'em: District championships
2015 SEMO Conference Tournament seeds released
2015 Media Football Pick'em -- Districts: Round 2


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text: Welcome!I'm so glad you have dropped by! Sew in Harmony is my little corner of the world where I get to show off my creative pursuits. I love to sew, craft, embroider, plan parties...you name it! Be sure to check out my growing list of Tutorials. Contact me if you have questions or if you just want to be my friend. :) Love, Harmony


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N -15º 47' 35.16" / W -47º 53' 28.68"
Tel: (55) 61 32184700Fax: (55) 61 32184705
Check-in after 14:00h
Check-out until 12:00h
The Meliá Brasil 21 offers a complete range of services and facilities for a complete guest experience. The hotel is part of the Centro Empresarial Brasil 21, which combines services, leisure facilities, gastronomy and business centres. The hotel offers free internet. The meeting rooms are available for the use of guests.
For guests who have time and wish to get to know the city, the Meliá Brasil 21 provides free bicycles for rides around the Parque da Cidade, the largest city park in the world, and around the Pátio Brasil shopping centre.


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By Kyle Brennan
Well, this is exciting, isn't it?
Six local teams — Oxford baseball and softball, Northwestern baseball, Terryville softball, and Southington baseball and softball — will take the diamond this weekend in search for state championships. (Don't forget about Oxford boys volleyball, too!) We usually don't get this much excitement around here in the second week of June, so you had better bet that we're jacked up.
We are digging into the archives as this is being written to show you just how rare the feat of six local squads making state championship games really is, and we'll have all the juicy details for you in another post coming up shortly. For now, it's time to live in the present (and the future) and take a look at what to expect for the locals this weekend.
Class S baseball
No. 6 Oxford vs. No. 1 Cromwell, Friday, 7 p.m., Palmer Field
Let's get this out of the way right now: There is almost no chance this game will be played Friday night. It's supposed to monsoon, so there's no reason to keep everybody waiting all day before canceling it. The only question will be when Oxford and Cromwell will get to hit the field.
An extra day or two of rest would probably benefit the Wolverines, whose ace Kyle Chudoba tossed a complete game on fumes Tuesday against Old Lyme. It's not a matter of Steve Mahoney or anyone else being incapable on the mound; it's a matter of having the team's best pitcher available for as much relief (maybe even a start, if the game ends up being Sunday) as necessary.
The Wolverines are a great story. Brian Hourigan is perhaps the best young coach in the area and has done a fantastic job of whipping his team into a state title contender is almost no time. Oxford is fundamentally sound, playing small ball and making few errors.
Don't look for the Wolverines to mash the ball against Cromwell; they usually tally their production by getting a guy on base, moving or stealing him ahead and cracking either RBI singles or sacrifice flies. It works.
Cromwell is good, too, at winning low-scoring games. Its second-round and semifinal wins came by scores of 2-0 and 3-1, respectively, sandwiched around a 13-0 outlier in the quarterfinal. You know what this means: We are going to have an awfully good baseball game this weekend.
Oxford is too hot, too sound and has too much destiny heading into this game. The Wolverines will not make it easy, but they will make it back with a big hunk of Connecticut-shaped wood.
Pick: Oxford, 4-3.


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Authorities in St. Tammany Parish said a missing elderly woman from Covintgton was located Friday north of Alexandria, La.
According to the Sheriff's Office, Yvone Morel, 83, was last seen about 10:30 a.m. Thursday, leaving her home in the 80400 block of Acorn Lane.
She was en route to Starlight Baptist Church in Covington, but never arrived.
Friday, authorities said Morel was found in Ball, La. and appeared to be in good health.
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It may be winter, but spring was in the air at Accessorie Circuit and AccessoriesTheShow, where companies presented warm, sunny jewelry in shades of pink, blue and seafoam green.
This story first appeared in the January 14, 2008 issue of WWD. Subscribe Today.
The designer showed dragonfly and floral pendants in aquamarine, opal and peridot clusters.
"It's about happy, colorful necks this spring," said Janet Goldman, chairman of Fragments, which represents the brand. "We think the short, unique neck and the big earring will be trends this season."
Hanover's bright, chunky bracelets with citrine and turquoise stones are perfect for stacking. Hanover cut her stones for spring with a raw edge.
"It's like the cuff, but with a new take," Hanover said. "It's natural looking and bright."
The Danish brand's floral collection connects to its
25-year-old history.
"We have been doing floral pieces for years," said chief executive officer William Genco. "It fits well with our brand and especially with the season."


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I saw something last night in the Bulls game, and from D-Rose that I haven't seen so far in this playoff series. He shot 8/14, didn't turn it over, and had 12 assists. When he distributes the ball and doesn't shoot over 30 shots, the Bulls have a much BETTER chance. Boozer had his best playoff game, and I think D-Rose did too. If D-Rose shoots over 25 shots, the Heat will CRUSH the Bulls.
He didn't shoot much because Chicago lead the whole game and Booze was tearing it up. Chicago beat Miami already 3x with Rose shooting 20+ per game and scoring 30+ per game so clearly they can beat Miami if he shoots that much.
In one of those games, LeBron didn't play, in another Bosh played badly, and they were all very close. Also, the Celtics beat the Heat 3-1 in the reg. season, but obviously you know what happened in the playoffs. LeBron with Cleveland had the best reg. season record, but had a major dropoff in the playoffs. Like the Bulls, the Cavs were built for the regular season. The Heat are built for the playoffs
Bosh usually plays poorly against Boozer. Whether the games were close or not Chicago still one and Miami is still the worst close out team in the NBA statistically. The Celtics beat Miami three times in the regular season with Perkins and lost without him. The Celtics played terribly after the trade and nobody in their right mind thinks the Celtics were the same team at the beginning of the season as they were in the playoffs. Rose only took 7 shots in the first half of the Atlanta game because he sat a ton. They got out to such a big lead he went to the bench a lot to give him some rest. Chicago's ability to win will rely heavily on the play of Boozer Noah and Deng but to say that Rose can't take 25 shots if they are to win is flat out rediculous. Especially since they have done that exact thing 3 times already this year. The heat's biggest weakness is their pg defense and interior defense which are exactly Rose's strengths.
I ABSOLUTLY agree with you adanny on that. I like it soo much better when Rose has tons of assists instead of a lot of points (compared to the small number of the other players on the court). When the Bulls pass the ball and everyone on the floor gets involved, they have a better chance of winning.
And about the Bulls v Heat regular season series. The first game LeBron didn't play...and the bulls won by Korver's 3 at the end (yay:) so it was really close. If James had played, the game would definatly be different.
Then the second game happened, and Bosh shot like 1-17...which is one of the worst shooting performances in basketball (i think i heard someone say). But in this game, instead of Rose taking the game winning shot like most stars would, he drew in the defenders and passed out to deng for a game winning 3.
The third game, the refs called a push on the heat during a free throws deng missed so he made a few more free throws. It was a bad call, but the bulls won.
Obviously the heat have changed since then, but the bulls have just as good of a defence as they had when they won those three games.
Just because you like it better does't mean it makes the bulls better. Rose is the most prolific offensive threat in the NBA so to say he needs to score less its flat out stupid. He needs to take good shots and make them if they are to win but when Korver is 1-8 from the three Booze has six points in a game what is he supposed to do? You can't get assists when the rest of your team is not scoring. Just because Chicago won all three games where they were close doesn't mean they didn't deserve the win. A win by one point is just as good as a win by thirty. It's kind of like your point that derrick rose doesn't deserve to score thirty a game because he makes a lot of free throws. I would like to know how the heat have changed since a month ago when Chicago beat them last? Just because they beat a struggling, injured Celtics team doesn't all the sudden make them champions. Granted I think they will beat chicago but the win over Boston with Perkins gone, Shaq injured and Rondo playing with one arm is not impressive in the least. Boston has been bad since the trade and are barely an above average team at 100% let alone with all the injuries. Did anyone even watch those games? Especially games 4 and 5 Boston lead the whole way and threw away the ball in the last few min to lose. Miami did not come back to win Boston gave the games away. 7 UNFORCED turnovers in the last few min. The clippers would have beat Boston if they played like that let alone Miami.
Beat boston already , chicago is next
I pick the Mavs to beat the Thunder in the West in 6 games and in the East, the Bulls to beat the Heat in 7 games. Finals - Mavs over the Bulls in 6 games.
Hey ADanny and Sofie how does it feel to be wrong AGAIN! Just have to say I loved watching Lebron being completley insignificant in a big playoff game just like the last 7 years! It's going to be a long series but it looks like the same old Lebron has showed up this year.
i know seriously ? who doesnt care about whats happing next
What was I wrong about? The series has gone one game, and just because the Bulls won game one doesn't mean I'm wrong. I never said the Heat would win game 1. If anybody's wrong, its you. You said that Bosh plays poorly against Boozer. He led the Heat in scoring with 30. You also said that the Bulls playing better when Rose shoots under 25 is ridiculous. The last two Bulls playoff wins have been undoubtely his best games. Game 1 vs. Heat and Game 6 vs. Hawks. Against Heat he shot 22 shots. Against the Hawks in Game 6 he shot 14 points, and had a double-double with just 3 turnovers.
How about the fact that rose shot 22 times while sitting the bench a ton in the 2nd quarter. So when D rose was in he was scoring as usuall. So clearly if Rose plays 40 min and shoots 3 more times Chicago would not have been crushed by the heat as you said and that is in no way a key to this series. And Bosh usually plays bad against boozer look at the stats. He had one good game. usually means most of the time not everytime. Bosh still USUALLY plays bad against booze and is not the kind of player that can win playoff games if he's the #1 man. Ask Toronto. Chicago can beat Miami if Rose shoots 25x again just like they can have the best record in the NBA if rose shoots 25x a game.
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