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New research shows the current whooping cough vaccine is not as effective as its predecessor, so what's the best way to protect children against this potentially deadly infection?
Published 14/08/2012
Whooping cough is something of an immunisation conundrum.
A highly contagious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, whooping cough is known for its severe coughing attacks with a characteristic 'whoop' at the end. You can get it at any age, but for the very young it can be deadly.
In Australia the take-up rate of the pertussis vaccine is very high, with around 95 per cent of children receiving the full three doses of vaccine by age two (at two, four and six months).
However, pertussis infections in all age groups are once again on the increase globally. Australia recorded 38,000 cases in 2011, the highest number since records began in 1991 and most states are only now recovering from a major epidemic that began in 2008.
So if immunisation programs have been successful, why is whooping cough still a problem?
The short answer, according to immunisation expert Professor Peter McIntyre, is because the pertussis vaccine is good at reducing the risk of severe disease and death, but is not necessarily going to prevent infection altogether.
"It's not like measles vaccine where if you have the vaccine you just won't get measles infection," says McIntyre, director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases at the University of Sydney.
"The pertussis vaccine is decreasing the amount of infection to some extent, but mostly what it's doing is decreasing how sick you get."
This means children who might otherwise have got extremely sick and ended up in intensive care on oxygen or even died, now get a milder infection or sometimes show no symptoms at all.
Also if you've had the vaccine you're less likely to transmit the disease to those around you.
However, it does mean that a significant proportion of infections will occur in vaccinated individuals.
"You'd expect that because if 95 per cent of kids are immunised and if you find that 95 per cent of the cases are also immunised, then that means that the vaccine's not doing anything," McIntyre says.
But that's not the case. Only about 70 per cent of reported cases of whooping cough occur in people who have had the pertussis vaccine.
"That's telling you that the vaccine is working and if you do the numbers, that equates to about an 80 per cent effectiveness of the vaccine."
At around 82 per cent, global rates of pertussis vaccination are lower than Australia's. In 2008, the World Health Organisation estimated around 195,000 children died from the disease, mostly in developing countries, but far more around 882,000, according to the WHO would have died had it not been for the pertussis vaccine.
Researchers are still trying to understand why the vaccine doesn't totally protect against the infection. One possible explanation is that pertussis comes in a variety of strains and those strains change a lot over time.
Researchers are also working to understand why the vaccine still protects against severe illness.
Also experts say new tests and more frequent testing for pertussis may account for some of the rise in cases.
Another issue with the vaccine we use in Australia today is that it is in fact less effective at preventing infection than the older vaccine that was phased out in the late 1990s, a recent study by researchers from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) revealed.
Associate Professor Stephen Lambert, who co-authored the study, says the difference in effectiveness, and side effects, comes down to how the vaccines are made.
Today's vaccine is known as an acellular vaccine; it doesn't contain whole cells of the whooping cough bacteria as the old vaccine did.
"The whole cell vaccine is [made of] the bacteria that cause whooping cough; it's those cells killed and mixed with a bit of fluid and injected," says Lambert, senior research fellow at QIMR.
"It has tens of thousands of components that stimulate the immune system whereas the acellular consists of three key proteins." (Check out our Immunisation Fact File for more information on how vaccines work.)
Because of its side effects, the whole cell vaccine was abandoned in Australia in favour of the acellular vaccine.
McIntyre cites an Australian study done in the 1980s that shows at least three-quarters of children experienced side effects such as fever and irritability, while as many as half had high fevers and inconsolable crying.
"A lot of parents saw problems like that with their baby and said 'I don't want to have that again'," says McIntyre.
"If you look back at stuff published back then, the number of kids who were actually getting three doses of whole cell vaccine when they were supposed to was probably only around 60-70 per cent."
"So you had lots of kids who either got one dose or no doses, which isn't going to help at all."
So the newer vaccine is a trade-off, says McIntyre.
"The trade-off is between very high uptake of a vaccine that doesn't cause side effects and does seem to be quite good at protecting against severe disease and quite good at protecting in the short term but in the longer term is perhaps not as good," he says.
As a result of immunisation, the few whooping cough deaths that do occur in Australia are in the very young those under six months of age who have not had their first dose of the vaccine. According to McIntyre, there were nine deaths from pertussis in children under one year between 2008-2011.
Even if it doesn't stop all infections, experts agree immunisation is the best way to protect young children from whooping cough and the severe illness and death it can cause.
In an attempt to reduce whooping cough in the very young, some states are offering a pertussis booster to new parents and grandparents.
Experts also recommend a bit of common sense when it comes to newborn babies and suggest that they be kept away from people who seem unwell, especially if they are coughing and sneezing. (Sometimes it can be difficult to tell if someone has whooping cough by their symptoms alone.)
In the meantime, McIntyre says medical authorities are looking at other ways to reduce the infant death rate even further, for example by giving the vaccine to pregnant women or to babies in the first weeks of life.
(For more information on the signs, symptoms and treatment of whooping cough go to our Fact File.)
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14 Aug 2012 9:46:19pm
Whooping cough, whilst posing the most serious threat to unimmunised infants and children, as correctly detailed in your article; can also cause very serious complications in adults. I was one of those adults, whose immunity had unfortunately waned, and although I worked in a hospital, was not aware of the epidemic until it was too late. Nor did the hospital I worked in advise any of it's workers about the epidemic, or to obtain a top up booster. With the increasing incidence of Bordetella Pertussis globally, I predict that more adults will periodically suffer serious complications.
14 Aug 2012 10:57:01pm
In our small town it could be argued that whooping cough vaccination INCREASES spread of the disease. So many times I've heard parents say that they took their coughing child to a GP, who asked if the child had been vaccinated. When they answered "yes", the GP would say "well it can't be whooping cough then"... so the child continues going to school and other activities and spreads the disease around. When the whooping part of the cough develops, a test is conducted which confirms that it sure enough was whooping cough all along. One such boy who'd been apparently 'cleared' of whooping cough by the family GP was coughing all over our 2-week-old baby not so long ago. He had whooping cough at the time.
27 Aug 2012 12:57:53pm
So, what you mean is that lazy and/or incompetent doctors are the problem?
22 May 2013 1:05:08am
How do you know he had Whooping Cough?
15 Aug 2012 11:22:49am
When 70% of the sufferers, say that their previous exposure to the disease was immunisation, I would be questioning the immunisation itself as an infecting agent.
15 Aug 2012 9:29:23pm
Don't think it says that at all. It says that 70% of sufferers have been vaccinated, reducing the severity of the disease. History shows that early vaccines are often effective, but unpleasant. Maybe you needed to have kids in your class who'd had polio to understand. I did.
16 Aug 2012 7:02:20am
Fred you need to education yourself, try reading about how vaccination actually works instead of making irresponsible comments, spreading in your ignorance like a....virus.
19 Aug 2012 8:23:41pm
@Read More. Speaking of "making irresponsible comments, spreading in your ignorance like a....virus." Bordetella pertussis is a BACTERIAL INFECTION, not a virus! Might I suggest, "you need to education yourself, try reading about how vaccination actually works", yourself!
15 Feb 2013 5:35:11pm
The Professor says in the article "You'd expect that because if 95 per cent of kids are immunised and if you find that 95 per cent of the cases are also immunised, then that means that the vaccine's not doing anything," McIntyre says.
But that's not the case. Only about 70 per cent of reported cases of whooping cough occur in people who have had the pertussis vaccine."
Therefore, isn't this saying that most of the people (70% as stated above) who get Whooping Cough have actually been vaccinated? This is how I read those lines...or am I going insane?
So 70% of reported cases of Whooping Cough are vaccinated but end up with the disease. Although a less severe form apparently. How does that equate to an 80% success rate of the vaccine? Maybe I'm just not good at maths.
I'd like the Professor to provide clear evidence showing that this vaccine has actually caused a reduction in whooping cough mortality rates. Show me the evidence... refer me to the medical journal article that proves what he is saying.
The article further states-
"In 2008, the World Health Organisation estimated around 195,000 children died from the disease, mostly in developing countries, but far more – around 882,000, according to the WHO – would have died had it not been for the pertussis vaccine.
Based on what study or evidence does the WHO make the estimation that the vaccine clearly and undoubtedly saved 882,000 lives?
18 Oct 2013 4:30:08pm
If 95% of children are vaccinated, then 5% are not. However, 30% of cases are in people who are unvaccinated. If 30% of cases are in 5% of the population, then there must be a lower rate of infection in the other 95%
15 Aug 2012 2:20:44pm
So many unanswered questions and speculation.
The only study to date to look at the long term (over fifteen years)health profiles of vaccinated children was conducted by Dr Isaac Golden. His research found that children who received standard vaccinations were 15 times more likely to become asthmatic, 7 times more likely to get eczema, and twice as likely to develop allergies than unvaccinated children.
It seems that the 'trade-off' referred to in the article may apply to a bigger picture than that discussed.
Such findings are understandably dificult for researchers and public health officials to assimilate or investigate further, given the tight hold the vaccination paradigm seems to have over the public psyche. It seems so difficult to acknowledge it delivers far from optimal results, yet thrives on hope and dogma.
17 Aug 2012 2:32:32pm
I take it you are refering to Dr Isaac Golden who is a homeopath.
The same Dr Isaac Golden who was ordered by the Health Authorities Complaints Resolution Panel to remove from his website claims that homeopathic vaccinations are as, and sometmies more, effective than actual vaccines as the material he provided on his website was found to be "misleading, unverified and abused the trust or exploited the lack of knowledge of consumers".
He was even slammed by the Executive Director of the Australian Natural Therapies Association who said "no properly qualified natural therapist would recommend homeopathic immunisation as an alternative to conventional immunisation".
Be very wary of fraudsters and con-artists.
20 Aug 2012 10:40:08am
I wasn't commenting on the man or advocating his viewsor experience as a homeopath (interesting how empassioned and personal the attacks get!), but his research which was medically referreed in Australian and the US .
The data stands for itself. I wasn;t advocating "homeopathic vaccination".
Let's have a discussion about the actual data. The purpose was to raise the issue of broader factors that may not part of long term assessment parameters with regard to the long term effects on population health. To what degree may we be unwittingly 'robbing Peter to pay Paul' so to speak? I detect a tone of hysteria in the responses! Let's stay objective here.
21 Aug 2012 1:11:16pm
Hi Gerry,
You are welcome to believe "research" done by an unqualified person who is not a medical professional.
At the end of the day vaccines save millions of lives.
People who promote the idea of not vaccinating cause the herd to lose its 'herd immunity'. When that happens children die from preventable diseases.
As a father of a young family I have a serious issue with people who through their inaction, or actions, cause preventable diseases that kill innocent children to remain prevalent in our society.
How many children need to die needlessly before you take this deadly issue seriously?
Because that is what we are talking about Gerry, the needless death of innocent children from preventable diseases.
21 Aug 2012 5:15:32pm
Hey Joe,
I think you're getting mixed up between homeoprophylaxis (which I never referred to) and research findings relating to the issue I initially mentioned. You seem to be attacking me personally because I reported the objective research data of someone who works in an area you personally find challenging. Your responses are highly emotive - I can do that too and feel self-righteous, but it has little bearing on objective analysis of information, which is what we should do as scientists.
I am not an anti-vaccination advocate, and feel it is an important contribution to disease prevention, particularly in third world countries. I take an interest in the issue and can see broader issues that should be able to be discussed without highly charged, personally targeted and emotive views that only serve to stifle objective analysis (unfortunately too common in these fora). The findings are interesting because no-one else has ever done a longitudinal study of this kind. Research is research, you don't need to be medically qualified before you undertake doctorate research. Strange. The research in question was refereed by appropriately qualified medical experts in the field - you may wish to question them.
On the topic of homeoprophylaxis (which I didn't initially raise), on the basis of the research outcomes the Cubans trialled homeoprophylaxis in 2.4 million people with good success. It was the first time in recorded history that rainfall went up and leptospirosis infection went down, whereas in the non-intervention region infection rates followed predicted trends and went up. Based on this real-world intervention (not a science experiment) it is now being trialled in South East Asia for Dengue, a big problem there, in millions of people (a previous trial in Delhi involving 40,000 people in the 1990s was promising - 0.125% infection in treated group versus 50% infection rate in untreated group).
But, no matter what results emerge, people of your mindset will always say: "it can't be true". Really, the only reason it "can't be" true (despite real world data showing otherwise) is because it threatens the voracity of absolute world views and in intellectual circles this is deeply threatening. In an interview broadcast on ABC National yesterday, David Attenborough noted that the hallmark of a great scientist was the ability to modify one's world view based on research findings that are not always palatable with one's pre-exisiting tenets. Insightful.
29 Aug 2012 1:18:57pm
The study relating to the Cuba 'trial' was only published in a Homopathic journal. No other medical jounal would publish it as they found the study to be rubbish.
A critique of the study can be found at http://apgaylard.wordpress.com/2010/08/08/much-ado-about-nothing/
Unfortunately the one point that Homeopathy overlooks is that there is actually nothing in any homeopathic 'medicines'.
This intervention used mind-bending levels of dilution. Staring with "1 x 10 to the power of 6 bacteria/ml" and using Korvsakovian dilutions (plus succession) the manufacturers produced two potencies: "200°C (200 X 1:100 dilutions) and 10 MC (104 X 1:100 dilutions)"
So the most concentrated form of the medicine diluted the initial preparation to one part in 10 to the power of 400. The highest potency represents a dilution of one part in 10 to the power of 20,000.
Given that there are something like 10 to the power of 50 atoms in the world, one thing is crystal clear: the manufacturing process washed the bugs clean out of the medicine. This fact alone rules out the homeopathic preparation having any specific effect against the disease.
Like I said Gerry, you are welcome to believe what ever "research" you want to believe. But that belief doesn't make it a medical fact.
Perhaps you should listen to your own quote by David Attenborough?
11 Sep 2012 11:50:52am
Not research, nor a study or a 'science experiment' -a real world application that produced outcomes, as the vaccine wasn't working. The Findlay Institute produced the homeopathic vaccine, which also produces other conventional vaccines. I've read the critique at link - extreme clutching at straws, assumption upon assumption based on armchair analysis and the fixed view: "I don't believe it therefore it can't be true". If similar negative logic was applied to conventional data, it would blow them away as well - all perceptual, no on-the-ground substance. Fact is, it was the first time in history that rainfall increased and leptospirosis decreased (and dramatically). The non-intervention area experienced the usual upsurge, and in this area the public education measures were also applied, so this key criticism in the critique doesn't actually apply.
How convenient to reduce reality to black and white!
Why has no longitudinal study ever been done on the long term health effects in vaccinated populations, yet we are sold the remarkable benefits of vaccination so vehemently? It's not based on solid population data or longitudinal outcome analysis (beyond very narrow parameters), but does rest heavily on short term in vitro testing, emotion and perception (the latter two strong 'placebo' activators).
Let's see how the Dengue Fever intervention in Asia pans out. Of course, no matter what positive results emerge - "it never happened and is rubbish", right?
09 Oct 2012 1:43:36am
I'm interested to know if your child is allergic to something in the vaccine what do you use then? My child is allergic to alot of medications, she has had most of her vaccinations I am happy to let you know but sometimes children cannot be vaccined for somethings what do you do then?
18 Dec 2012 10:18:14pm
Oh dear. I think you meant 'veracity' (truth or accuracy); 'voracity' is a trait you might find in someone who would, so to speak, swallow anything.
And attacking personally would involve an actual Comment about you as a person, rather than a refutation on a factual basis. Disagreeing with you is not a personal attack, though common reactions do suggest people in general have difficulty with the distinction.
This does make you less convincing, you should be careful about that if you want to persuade others, rather than gathering a posse of the like-minded.
19 Aug 2012 4:54:18pm
This deceptive comment shows the faux concern of an experienced anti-vaccination lobbyist. "Dr" Isaac Golden is not a medical practitioner but a homeopath who peddles ineffective "homeopathic immunisation" and quack "treatment of vaccine-damaged children". This is not an appropriate forum for free advertising of his wares.
19 Aug 2012 5:08:20pm
Oh, you mean the Dr Golden referred to in this article:
I'm sorry, I don't think that is a credible source. Not sure what his doctorate was in, but science does not seem likely to have been involved.
15 Aug 2012 9:22:34pm
I reckon public health authorities took a very wrong turn with the advocacy and government support for mass vaccinations.
It would have been far more efficacious to actually treat those diseases more effectively. Why? Because with mass vaccinations they have become more virulent.
I remember government health authorities telling me that vaccinations would confer lifelong immunity. These days they spruik the necessity of frequent 'boosters'. These days some young parents won't even allow the grandparents near their babies unless they submit to boosters.
Hello? That doesn't sound like a successful public health iniative to me. In fact it's madness.
All my five chidren had mumps, measles and chicken pox when they were pre-pubescent. They emerged with very strong immune systems.
Just saying so to give an alternative opinion.
16 Aug 2012 7:42:27pm
I'm pleased to hear your kids didn't suffer adversely from mumps, measles or chicken pox, although how you have actually measured their 'strong' immune systems is open to question. Just to take one disease - measles, the notion that it's a relatively harmless event doesn't stand up to scrutiny. In fact it can cause a myriad of lifelong problems, deafness included. In third world countries this is exacerbated further by the inherent problems of poor nutrition. Vaccinations work - as seen by the global drop in deaths from 873,000 in 1999 to 164,000 in 2008, attributable to an extensive vaccination program by the Measles Initiative. Claims that vaccinations have become more virulent as a result of vaccination are both fallacious and baseless.
23 Sep 2012 11:35:40am
From several vaccinations to 64 (US figures) sounds like virulent to me. And considering the ajuvants mercury, squalene, aluminium, formaldhyde and others, and bits of animal DNA are also injected, it is hardly surprising that infant reactions tend to be adverse, even if only recognisable years later. I am not opposed to vaccinations, only to those that evidence contraindicates, and to any bis and tris, which I consider overwhelm the immunosystems of babies and infants. Finally, let me say, that I find those cautious about vaccinations to be thoughtful and intelligent people, whereas the supporters are invariably vehement, accusative, irrational, and even vilificative. As a social researcher I find this vastly amusing; or I would if I had not noted that vacs appear to be a link in the chain of events leading to autism spectrum disorders. I also wonder why the actively pro-vac-everything league are so little concerned about the staggering increase in autism since 1945; or why they oppose a new Australian independent drug and vac research and safety clearing facility.
16 Aug 2012 9:25:24pm
Try telling that to the parents of a newborn or otherwise immunocompromised child who died because your unvaccinated kids got sick and contributed to the spread of potentially lethal disease. All vaccination relies on the concept of herd immunity and a certain percentage of any given population will be non responders to vaccination but if a large enough percentage of the Herd are protected they will be less likely to get sick.
17 Aug 2012 9:47:14am
I'm with you Antonia.
Also more studies need to be made about the side effects, without any funding or remote connection to the drug companies who supply.Then the results should be placed in the public's hands as readily as other immunization material. At least parents could make informed decisions, hopefully based on unbiased information. There is way too much control of such info.
23 Sep 2012 11:37:06am
Amen to that. You have pointed to the real issue.
29 Oct 2012 4:18:54pm
What exactly is the real issue?
17 Aug 2012 2:23:51pm
Yay lets go back to the bad old days where large numbers of children die or are deformed for life by preventable diseases.
There is one reason why children in the western world don't die from preventable diseases at rates anything like those that occur in third world nations, that reason is because modern medical science provides vaccinations for our children.
ps. Mass vaccinations have not made preventable diseases more virulent, that is just bs.
17 Aug 2012 2:56:34pm
Antonia your children were fortunate.
In relation to Measles between the years 1987 and 2000, the case fatality rate in developed nations was three measles-attributable deaths per 1000 cases, or 0.3%. In underdeveloped nations with high rates of malnutrition and poor healthcare, fatality rates have been as high as 28%.
In 2000 the WHO estimated that there were ~45 million cases of measles worldwide with 800,000 deaths from it. Mortality in developed countries is ~1/1000. In sub-Saharan Africa, mortality is 10%. In cases with complications, the rate may rise to 20–30%. In 2010, approximately 380 deaths occurred every day from measles.
I guess it is lucky your children live in a developed nation.
To me it is madness to NOT vaccinate your children against preventable diseases that can cause a patient to become comatosed, or suffer brain injury or death.
23 Sep 2012 11:43:22am
Actually, the logical conclusion of your delivered insight to us is that nutrition is the issue, not vaccinations. And it has been my observation that malnutrition in third world countries, including parts of Australia, can be attributed very largely to western manipulation of local economies and cultures. And with doctors pumping antibiotics that eradicate gut flora, some children no longer have the ability to survive intact.
29 Oct 2012 4:21:16pm
Tony - 10 babies died in Calafornia last year from Whooping Cough. Please provide thier "nutrition" profiles to support your arguement.
21 May 2013 2:12:14pm
If only the majority were this intelligent. The number one way to reduce your chance of getting the flu is to reduce sugar from your diet. What do the majority of people do? Get a vaccine.
I'm not commenting on all diseases, all vaccines, and all ages. But we really do live in a 'quick-fix' society. If we really focussed on health we would eat real food and not rely on processed and fast food diets and medicine.
Sure - there is a place for Western medicine but it should be much smaller than it currently is.
Now stop attacking each other online and go get healthy! :)
17 Aug 2012 4:09:24pm
Hi Antonia, Please refer to comment above by Read More and, READ MORE. You are, of course, welcome to your opinion. But please keep it up on the shelf with the other fairy tales and misinformation.
Maybe the virus would become less 'virulent' if there were many more dead babies to stop it spreading so fast? Please do not refer to 1950s medicine and medical comment in the 21st century. Use the shiny tool in front of you to do proper reading and research regarding this important subject. That way we can avoid relying on your opinion and just stick to the facts.
Equating Mumps, Measles and Chicken Pox to Polio, Rubella, and Small Pox does not help your case at all. Visit a children's hospital, talk to a doctor that can tell you the horror stories of what happens when children are not vaccinated. STAY AWAY from the AVN website and Meryl 'CrazyTown' Dorey.
Best Wishes for You and Your Healthy Kids
17 Aug 2012 4:11:30pm
Antonia, I am fully vaccinated, and I ALSO have a very strong immune system. So strong in fact that if I get a cold (which is rarely) it's gone a day later.
I am also one of those "young parents" (well, I will be in 11 weeks) who won't allow grandparents near my baby unless they've had a booster. In fact, that extends to aunts and uncles too. Why? Because I work in the health industry, and I KNOW what whooping cough does to young babies. I won't risk my child's life. As stated in the article, it is suspected that different strains of whooping cough have emerged over time and this accounts for why vaccination is not 100% effective.
Government health officials indeed would have said that vaccinations would confer lifelong immunity. But they also said antibiotics would wipe out infectious disease. Sometimes nature is smarter than us. They find a way around this. They change, they mutate. This is why some vaccines require boosters. It's also because of how our immune system works. Maybe you should keep your comments to yourself, unless you have a science degree and can actually understand the immunology behind vaccination.
25 Aug 2012 12:59:44am
Joanna, I too, am a grandparent of a newborn. May I suggest, as well as making sure visiting relatives are vaccinated, that you ensure they are currently on a course of erythromycin, and past day 5/6 of that course prior to visitation. I feel this is the only guarantee against transmission, especially in light of continuing outbreaks within the vaccinated community.
09 Oct 2012 2:01:19am
Joanna how many drs do you know that are going to give you a course of erythromycin if you are not sick. and what do you do if your child is alleric to this and most other drugs? My family are all vacinated but if someone comes around us and they have whooping cough my daughter cannot have this drug or penacilin or alots of other drugs as she is allergic to most of them. Besides putting her into hospital, giving her ventalin and panadol what else can they give her if this ever happens.? not everyone is lucky enough to be able to have these medications. Also the whooping cough vaccine has been changed as it gave alot of side effects it is a lesser form of the old drug. It still works thank heavens but not as well.
18 Aug 2012 1:46:40pm
So Antonia, please tell us what treatment there is for pertusis.
I am sure the doctors that treat these children and watch them die would love to know why you have been keeping this "effective" treatment a secret.
19 Aug 2012 8:22:42am
Congratulations, Antonia, on the good health of your unimmunised children.....they, and you, have been very lucky.
I, too, have 5 children who are healthy and fully immunised. I will, however, always miss my precious baby who died when she was very tiny from cytomegalovirus. As the leading viral cause of stillbirth in Australia, it currently has the professors of immunology at the Women's hospital in Sydney working hard to develop a vaccine to give to girls with their rubella vaccination. I certainly hope it is developed in time for my children's children to benefit from it. I truly believe that the benefits of immunisation programs cannot be underestimated and that they have saved many families from the absolutely awful experience that we had -of having a precious baby die.
22 Aug 2012 2:58:38pm
Just briefly, not once did Antonia say her children were unimmunised. You're making an assumption there
19 Aug 2012 9:13:01am
Antonia, I recognize your role as Devil's Advocate but wonder if you know that in relation to POLIO, the method of infection and transference, is still not understood.
Now we have a late life problem with those who managed to survive the infection with POLIO. Perhaps this is mirrored in other diseases?
It appears to me that you suggest that any fight against disease was a bad move because it has allowed the explosion of the world population and diminution of suffering.
I am fairly certain you would not have gained much of a following with this line in the days of the Black Death.
19 Aug 2012 5:04:05pm
This comment is singing a familiar tune. It is demonstrably untrue to say that diseases have become more virulent because of vaccination. Smallpox has been abolished and polio will abolished soon as well. Measles is no longer endemic in Australia, outbreaks only occurring when an unvaccinated person brings the disease in from overseas. Your anti-vaccination standpoint and contempt for public health measures are shown by your use of the word "spruik" to describe potentially life-saving advice to get boosters. I'm sorry your children had to endure vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. That is not the choice most parents would make for their children.
26 Aug 2012 2:43:21pm
As a paramedic I frequently have to ask parents the question "are their vaccinations up to date" when confronted with very sick children. The look in the eyes of parents who answer "no" says it all. Deciding to "harden up" your child's immune system by deliberately withholding immunisation requires an acceptance that you are far more likely to have them die.
16 Aug 2012 5:39:36pm
Dr. Macintyre is lying.. Measles vaccine does NOT mean you won't get measles. Aged 5 I had MMR and I still got measles, mumps and also shingles! I still have the scars to prove it, and I bet you £100000 I got it all from the vaccine.
20 Aug 2012 10:47:28am
Someone's lying but it's not Professor McIntyre I accept your bet. It's a sure thing (especially the shingles part). When do I collect? Oh, by the way we use dollars in Australia now.
23 Sep 2012 11:50:53am
The childhood illness chicken pox vaccine has created a situation wherein children as young as seven now get what was once a possible late middleage event... shingles, which can blind. How exactly is this a good thing?
29 Oct 2012 4:26:28pm
Are you stating that children never ever got shingles prior to the chicken pox vaccine?
21 Aug 2012 8:23:19am
I'll take that bet.
Hand over the 100,000 quid.
23 Mar 2013 11:07:21pm
My daughter had a diagnosis of measles 6 weeks after her vaccination. I was told it wasn't close enough to the vaccination to be a reaction, yes the doctor said 'this shouldn't be happening' but it was! Advocates of vaccinations should not make false claims. Don't worry Rich i expect Ann Blake will call me a liar too!!
17 Aug 2012 9:33:20am
I have 5 children. The first 2 were immunized.They had a lot of early health issues; upper respiratory, tonsils.
My third child reacted to her second vaccination in 1990. She could not breath and we could see her dieing in our arms. My husband did mouth to mouth;while I begged God for her life. She is a healthy 22 year old today.
Two doctors confirmed within an hour that she had a vaccination
We researched the topic after that and decided to never vaccinate again.
Our youngest 2 children were 95% healthier than the older ones during early years.
If anyone challenges me on our decision, I ask them if they have ever had to beg God for their child's life.
30 Aug 2012 3:02:24pm
It sounds as though your child may have had an allergic reaction to one of the vaccine ingredients - this is a rare and known adverse event for ALL forms of drugs.
No one has stated that vaccines don't have recorded adverse events as per all medical interventions. Nor has anyone stated that vaccines are 100% effective, they greatly increase the liklihood that you won't contract a disease and they will reduce the impact if you do.
It is a sensible decision not to repeat a medication after a child has had an allergic reaction - and yes I have prayed many times over my sister as she turned blue from severe asthmatic attacks. However I don't think my personal experience trumps science
17 Aug 2012 10:35:22pm
If all adults were immunised by the old vaccine surely there would nowhere for the virus to hide. Herd immunity.
18 Aug 2012 10:39:31am
I find it baffling how many of these comments are based on ignorance on vaccination.
One of your comments even mentions Isaac Golden who is anti- vaccination propaganda author.Another couple of comments say they think the vaccination is spreading whooping cough, not possible!
It is simple, the vaccination wanes after time, therefore a booster is required. It is the low rate of adult vaccination that is the issue.
Please everyone get your boosters, and parents, please vaccinate your children.
19 Aug 2012 7:52:59am
Our grandson who was 7 years old was struck down by Whooping Cough & he very nearly ended up in ICU. He was up to date with all his immunizations & was as fit as a fiddle before contracting WP. Since contracting WP he has been admitted to hospital on three occasions with Pneumonia bad enough to again to put him in the Resus ward. Dr's tell us Whooping Cough caused all the on going problems for him. By the way there are no guarantees he won't catch it again. I wish the people who made the decision to make the vaccine weaker would go back to the old version because percentages are worth stuff all when it's your baby or child in hospital struggling to breathe.
19 Aug 2012 8:58:48am
It is only recently that there has been mention of a 20 year immunity against whooping-cough provided by the triple-antigen of the 1940s.
At age 68 in 2005 I very suddenly contracted whooping-cough that was mus-diagnosed by my GP as a bit of a cough.
I can assure anyone who has escaped this bacterial infection, that the subsequent week of no sleep and 24 hour coughing would have caused untold damage to a child, had they managed to survive. I believe I have had a milder recurrence since; 3 years after the first, in spite of re-inoculation against the bacteria.
Perhaps the bacteria has modified but in the mean-time I'd suggest you stay away from musty seaside locales which is where I have no doubt my infection originated.
19 Aug 2012 9:52:05am
What's lacking in the vaccination debate is research & public education in how to boost childrens' immune systems generally.
'whole cell, acellular, attenuated virus...' Why are we not educating the public about dietary strategies, supplements, the crucial role of breast feeding, the negative effect of antibiotic therapy to immune response... Ahh, but who would get paid for that?
20 Aug 2012 3:06:36am
"Why are we not educating the public ..."
Oh but we ARE Keith. I don't know where you've been hiding but GPs have been telling people to eat a balanced diet and do exersize for the last 50 years. All three hospitals I had my children at reinforced the importance of breastfeeding, with lactation consultants available, brochures handed out, and posters all over every wall. GPs are warned against overuse of antibiotics constantly, but you wouldn't believe the pressure they are under from patients who think that not getting ABs mean the doc "isn't doing anything". And supplements? Well, the research is there. Every reliable study says the same thing- if you have an adequate diet, they make for very expensive pee and nothing else. I don't understand the assertion that research/education "is lacking"; there's plenty of it out there.
19 Aug 2012 11:38:16am
I guess that we may need ro regard whooping cough vaccination as we do tetanus vaccination.
The initial course supplemented by periodic boosters at specified intervals - but being more observant of their adminstration than doctors and the public appear to be with regard to tetanus.
19 Aug 2012 7:21:58pm
This is currently a big debate in my household. My 3 children have been vaccinated and have had issues with whooping cough. My youngest son has also had bad reactions to vaccinations in general, which makes me ask what are we doing wrong?
A friend of mine that lives across the street has 3 boys who have never been vaccinated, they are the healthiest kids in school....
So...are we better off with the vaccination or not?
21 Aug 2012 8:27:32am
You only need to look at the death rates between first world children who receive vaccinations for preventable diseases and third world children who do not receive vaccinations for preventable diseases to answer that question.
10 seconds on the internet will clearly demonstrate everyone is better off when the herd is immunised.
29 Aug 2012 6:03:00pm
Living conditions, diet and hygein also play a HUGE part.. not just herd immunity.
30 Aug 2012 2:54:29pm
Indeed Aemzed.
Living conditions to help of course. If you are warm and sheltered your body is under less stress and can focus it's energy on fighting disease/infections.
A healthy diet provides the energy, minerals and vitamins to power your immune system.
Good hygiene will help to prevent a person from picking up bacteria and viruses in some instances too.
Teaching your immune system how to fight a specific bateria or virus by introducing a harmless version of that bacteria or virus into your body via a vacinnation or immunisation program is the best way to help your immune system learn what it must learn to be able to effectively produce the correct antibodies to kill the foreign invader without endangering your own life.
23 Sep 2012 10:57:51am
I was going to say that - we keep comparing ourselves with the third world but there are a LOT of differences, not just that we are vaccinated and the majority of people who live in the third world are not. My daughter's vaccinations are all up to date only because I'm not willing to gamble her life on my doubts about vaccination. And I do have doubts, I know a lot of people who have experienced complications with reactions and ineffectiveness with some vaccines. And you don't have to be a doctor to have an opinion, you just have to have a brain. I'm pretty sure the majority of people on here (apart from the ambos, nurses and health workers) who are attacking others as having "unqualified opinions" are yourselves unqualified, n'est nes pas?
19 Aug 2012 10:48:54pm
Imagine you have 5 children and you love each dearly and want what is best for them.You have the first 1 fully vaccinated and you incompletely vaccinated the 2nd and the 3rd child had some possible reaction and you decline to vaccinate the last 2.
Some years pass and you find that the fully vaccinated child comes down with W.C. and the other 4 did not (admittedly an unlikely scenario if this occurred all under the same roof.) You conclude that the vaccine is next to useless and probably outright dangerous and you spend a good fraction of your life's energy preaching about the dangers of vaccination to any who will listen including those more naive than yourself.
But now imagine that you could be the parent of 5 million children and you also love each one dearly. Do you generalise your rather limited experience from your 1st 5 children to the other 4,999,995? Would you have generalised your limited experience from your 1st child to the subsequent 4? Would you say that because the first 2 children were boys that you are more likely than not to have boys with the subsequent children?
Not possible to be a parent of 5 million children? In a sense, both the government and the medical fraternity are these parents and they cannot just look at the experiences of this group of 3 children or that group of 5 alone to make life-changing decisions for the collective group anymore than a parent would say that because their 1st child died in a car accident that all other children thereon must never travel in cars again.
If you continue to make grand statements about thousands of others based on your limited experiences however real or horrendous they were for you as parents, you are exhibiting a bias known as "proximity bias." Simply put, because this event happened to you, it is "more real" and "more true" than any other possible outcome that did not happen to you (and the fact that those outcomes happened to thousands of others is irrelevant to you because you only think in terms of what is immediate and what has been experienced by yourself and yourself alone.)
I once knew someone who found $200 on a foot-path and ever since then, every time he passes that same point on the foot-path, he looks to see if there is another $200 to be found. Of course he never found any more money there or anywhere else since. But that didn't stop him looking each time. Now, that really is PROXIMITY BIAS.
26 Aug 2012 12:28:21am
Most houses(if not all) have locks on their doors and windows. Most house -owners lock their houses most of the time and, more often than not, it is not so easy to break into some-one's house without some degree of skill or commitment. Random opportunity and luck is largely reduced by the routine behaviour of most home-owners.
So the fact that you know someone who hardly ever locks their front door at any time and never has yet been burgled or been the victim of a home-invasion is actually irrelevant information. If you knew thousands of individuals who never lock their doors and never get burgled, well, that is much more interesting and pertinent. BUT, citing an odd individual or two is neither here nor there.
Because the fact that so many thousands of others do lock their doors makes it less likely that the occasional maverick should fall victim to the predations of burglars because most would-be burglars assume that you would have your doors locked (because everyone else does.) You benefit as a maverick from the diligence of others!
Likewise, you do not need to vaccinate any of your children to benefit from mass vaccination : As long as everyone else is vaccinating their children, you reap what they sow! In short, you are a free-loader. This "smart" strategy ONLY works if everyone else does the right thing; it fails once more people than not start to think like you.
Likewise, you don't need to flush the toilet after you have used it as long as everyone else does.As such, Public Toilets would be mostly reasonably presentable. Problems arise when everyone starts to think like you.
Like flushing the toilet after use, immunising your children is a social contract. You can either do your bit or free-load off others.
Frankly, I'd rather do my bit.
27 Aug 2012 11:29:14pm
The Vaccine or No vaccine debate is a very tough one. It has to be said that any parent who loses a baby whether vaccinated or not should never be condemed for their decision. I really feel for their loss.
My wife and I are due to have our first baby and are facing the vaccine debate. We want the best for our baby as any loving parent would and I feel self education is very important to make an informed decision as we are never told the absolute truth in regards to possible or probable dangerous "side effects'' of vaccinations.
There is good and bad in all things but these are the things I am absolutely sure of:
1: This world revolves around money,greed,corruption,money,greed,corruption........................ and it goes on. In poor countries it is in your face and in the rest of the world it is just beneath the surface.
2: Vaccinations generate billions of dollars for pharmaceutical companies and governments alike. It is a money making machine in the same league as speed cameras, multi vitamins and supplements and bank fees!! What a joke!
3: Because of this these companies will protect their bottom line (profit) no matter what. Even if lives are at stake and they need to blatantly lie. It is only when truth is revealed and enough of the public (people power) make themselves heard is anything ever done and people made accountable.
4: Money buys silence!!! Don't get me started where this applies...
5: Our immune system is no doubt the best defence mechanism we have against any bacterial or viral disease. It trumps anything man can produce!! Obviously making sure that it is performing at its best is the best protection we can have.
In line with my beliefs I have stated above, these are the questions my inbuilt curiosity mechanism is prompting me to ask and in need of a satisfying answer, based on factual information provided by a non affiliated or biased source.
1: Have some or most horrible diseases/conditions/influenza's etc that claimed millions of lives back in the day,
have these been all but eradicated because of vaccination or because of the increased knowledge, education and implementation of proper personal hygiene, better diets and living conditions for the most part, all of which would no doubt have our immune systems running at their optimum?
If so are vaccinations a 'band aid' solution like so many other money making revenues,where the root causes are never properly addressed?
We all know that many a pharmaceutical and natural health vitamin companies for that matter would make a whole lot less dollars if they had a cure for the common cold or flu!
Why with all the preventative and easing medicines and tablets out there. Clever business really!
I sincerely believe there is no substitute for good hygiene (not to the point of being OCD) a well balanced diet, good hydration, good stress ma
29 Aug 2012 12:58:22pm
Hi Bagsoldboy,
To help you decide perhaps it is important to understand the how a vaccine works.
A vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease.
So all it really does is teach our immune system how to develop the appropriate response to the particular virus without risking death or permanant damage to the person.
Obviously being exposed to the actual real virus will do the same thing, the down side being that you could die or have permanant damage.
Perhaps you might like to spend sometime on google learning how a virus works, how our immune system learns to respond to new things (like a virus) and how a vaccination stimulates and teaches our immune system.
Education is power after all (be it for your mind or your immune system).
28 Aug 2012 10:53:03am
Whilst there is some truth in what you say about the ability to make the decision not to vaccinate being based upon the decision of others to vaccinate, there is more to this decision. Many people are unable to be vaccinated due to health issues (immune problems caused by other conditions or allergies). Others believe that to overload a young babies system with foreign substances before it even has time to develop its own natural immune system is fundamentally wrong.
One thing I do know, that it is not a case of right or wrong, in either case, just a matter of doing what you believe is best for your child. As someone who has decided not to vaccinate my children, I take very seriously, my responsibility to their health. It was an informed decision, based upon weighing the pros and cons of either decision (to vaccinate or not). Although at times, I have questioned my decision, I would make the same choice again, given the opportunity. Both of my children suffer from severe allergies with an unknown cause. Both are possibly on the autism spectrum (very high-functioning end). At the time of my decision not to vaccinate, I was unaware of these issues, but I believe that if I had chosen to vaccinate, their prognosis could have been much, much worse.
I do not consider myself to be a freeloader, but rather a very conscientious parent doing the best they can for their children.
28 Aug 2012 10:32:02am
The best defence against the spread of disease in our community -- with or without immunization -- is quarantine and common sense.
Too many people are out and about in the community -- in schools and workplaces -- when they are clearly ill (coughing and sneezing et...) If more people took it upon themselves to respect the health of those around them, by staying home until recovered, the health benefits would be enormous in our community.
Frankly, I am sick and tired of a simple visit to the supermarket or a bus ride, or attending work or school, resulting in another bout of flu or worse (my entire family of 4 had whooping cough last year).
There needs to be a government health campaign which targets this apathy in our attitude to public health and educating about basic hygiene and about having respect for the members of our community.
A simple cold or flu can become much more serious and even life-threatening in the very young, the elderly and the immune-compromised.
30 Aug 2012 3:05:03pm
symptoms of measles may not appear for several days - how do you effectively quarantine for measles if your child has been at school all week spreading the virus before they show symptoms on Saturday?
29 Aug 2012 9:50:53pm
Just going through my email and came across this. From a 54 year old, who is still getting over my third bout of pertussis - 1st time in 1995, 2nd time in 2010, and this latest bout started early August. And they said it couldn't happen, yet I now have 3 confirmations of the infection. Am not sure that immunisation works - I had been immunised at birth and just prior to the birth of a niece in 1990. It is horrid, the sucking in for air, and choking. All muscles in chest are strained, throat is so irritated can barely eat anything that isn't pulped. and incontinence from all the straining. I cannot imagine for small children the suffering they experience with this insidious bacteria, and from both the heart and the head know that we need to be doing more to combat this epidemic.
11 Apr 2013 6:05:41pm
In children between ages 0-4 years of age around 85% of those who contract whooping cough have been vaccinated, and this number is increasing.
27 Apr 2013 7:30:33am
I suggest the readers do a google check on the different national immunisation schedules and then compare it with these counntries' child mortality.
It's an inverse relationship. The USA with the highest number of immunisations (64) has a much higher death rate than Japan, Sweden, etc with only 11+ recommended vaccinations. Why is this?
27 May 2013 12:18:14am
For those kids that are allergic to vaccines it is even more important that all the other non-allergic kids are vaccinated so that we maintain the 'herd immunity' and decrease the chances that the non-vaccinated kids will get infected
27 May 2013 12:22:04am
Also keep in mind that the severe symptoms of the whooping cough can cause brain damage (due to lack of oxygen). So if the vaccine decreases these symptoms, that's a win. So even if 70% of the infected kids were immunized and still contracted the disease, they still have a better life and health prognosis than those kids who are not immunized.
Fact Files:


text:
FTP permissions work in conjunction with ntfs permissions to restrict or
allow users or groups access with the most restrictive of the two
permissions applying. In other words if your FTP site is set to read only
and a user has write access to a folder, they will not be able to write to
the folder. When configuring permissions make sure that only the specific
groups you want to have access are included in the permissions with the
proper permissions. Do not have everyone or users included for instance if
you want to restrict a folder to specific groups. If possible, have your ftp
folders on a different drive partition other than the system drive. Do not
enable anonymous access unless you want to allow anyone to access your ftp
server. Keep in mind that for FTP authentication that user credentials are
sent in clear text. The link below may help. --- Steve
wrote in message
news:email@example.com oups.com...
> Hi,
> I wish to set up FTP so that a group of users have access to a specific
> location within my overall FTP site. Lets suppose that I have a
> directory on my pc called App1 and I have created a new virtual
> directory in my default FTP site that maps to it (therefore to access
> it I would navigate to ftp://ipaddress/app1). Now consider the user
> group - call it App1FTPUsers. Every member of App1FTPUsers should be
> required to login and have read only rights - i.e. they should only be
> allowed download files and browse certain folders. Individual members
> of App1FTPUsers should only be able to access specific folders, for
> example User1 should only be able to access a directory within App1
> called User1 (e.g. ftp://ipaddress/app1/user1) and User2 should only be
> able to access a directory within App1 called User2 (e.g.
> ftp://ipaddress/app1/user2) etc. No member of App1FTPUsers should be
> able to access anywhere outside of ftp://ipaddress/app1. Furthermore, I
> would like to retain the ability for certain other users ouside of the
> App1FTPUsers group (e.g. the local administrator etc.) to write to the
> directories involved.
> Please could somebody help me with the steps I should take to achieve
> this. I have set up the ftp virtual directory but have done nothing
> about the security settings i.e. currently the App1FTPUsers group does
> not exist, I have Allow Anonymous Connections set to true for my FTP
> site, my FTP home directory has Read and Log Visits checkboxes checked
> - Write is unchecked. Everyone has full control on all the folders that
> are mapped to in ftp://ipaddress/app1. I am using Windows 2000 and IIS
> 6.0. The FTP server is not a domain controller.
> Thanks,
> Paul

subset: commoncrawl


text:
So what if…your baby is in a breech position before being born?? What is breech? According to Wikipedia, "A breech birth is the birth of a baby from a breech presentation. In the breech presentation the baby enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first as opposed to the normal head first presentation." Can a mother birth her baby in this position?
This kind of birth is possible, but it can be risky. Ina May Gaskin, a Midwife who started the homebirthing movement in the United States, does an interview with the New York Times, May 2012. She has delivered thousands of babies in her life time, has written books, and continues educating woman around the world. Gaskin says regarding breech birth, "at first, we brought breech pregnancies to the hospital, but we found after a while that we could deliver them here just fine. Footling breeches, which are thought to be the most difficult, in our experience, they often just slid right out." She later said,"The main danger with breech babies is that the head, the largest part of baby, is last to come out, so it may get stuck," she continues, "If the baby has been delivered to the umbilicus, you have five or six minutes before hypoxia sets in, but you don't want to pull on the head if you can't see the neck for fear of injuring the baby," Gaskin said. (Mommy Wars: The Prequel, by Samantha M. Shapiro, May 23, 2012)
The different positions of breech are in the pictures below:
A breech birth is not the ideal situation. I have often thought, if my baby was in this position, I would try everything I could to turn it to be head down. In my mind, having the head down is a safer way to birth a baby. If you feel this way too, here is a great site to give you guidance on how to turn your baby. This site has a TON of great info on changing the position of your baby in a safe, gentle way.
Some other ways to turn your baby:
Chiropractor adjustments
If you are a mother who's baby has not turned, you feel good about delivering breech, and your care provider WILL help you with this kind of birth-check out these amazing breech birth stories.
Birthing Without Fear published a birth story of a woman giving birth naturally, and her baby is breech. The mother shows an amazing amount of trust in herself, in God, and in her birthing support team.
A Footling Breech Birth-this one has some cool pictures
A Breech birth in Water
My heart is with you as you make the best decision of how to birth your baby.


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Your questions and opinions are very important to Volvo Group and will be directed to someone who is equipped to give you an accurate answer. In order for us to give you an efficient response please begin by specifying your area of interest in the form below. ()


text:
Senior Blasting & Earthworks Engineer
Oman Oil Company Exploration & Production LLC - Muscat, Oman
Ref. JB1566211
Job Description
• To provide blasting and earthworks engineering expertise and oversight for the Musandam Processing Plant Project with specific responsibilities for the blasting, earth/rock movement and reclamation and sea defence work
• To review the blasting, earth/rock movement (Site develope 30 Hectare area) and reclamation (Site develope 5.5 Hectare area) /sea defence construction (400m)work technical scopes and method statements
• To monitor the Contractor's Engineering Detail Design (in contractor's offices) and Project Execution (at site).
• To provide blasting, earth/rock movement and reclamation/sea defence engineering expertise to support development plans, infrastructure any other activity requiring such engineering support (e.g EIA)
Main Accountabilities:
• Review and appraise activities of the Contractor's Engineering
• Coordinate with other project facet Engineering Teams
• Identifying surveys and tests to be carried out to gather information for the design development applying the results to the engineering and design definition of the works
• Monitor, appraise and provide input to the contractor's construction detail planning, coordination activities and performance and recommend corrective action to be taken where deficiencies are detected in meeting the project objectives and ensure that these are implemented
• Monitor and appraise interfaces and interactions with contractor and his subcontractors
• Report progress, performance, initiatives, issues, challenges and corrective actions taken, to the Civil's Delivery Manager
• Promote safety awareness and safe performance among project team members, including consultants and contractor personnel
• Coordinate resolution of production and technical issues with appropriate contractor resources on and off-site
• Ensure appropriate Material Handling and Working Environment reviews are carried out at site and that findings are resolved and implemented by contractor
• Appraise and record with on-site personnel regarding change requests and change assessments in accordance with Management of Change Plan Interface with the Senior Offshore Engineer
• Proactively recognise and integrate the OOCEP business drivers for project development (HSSE, operational, commercial)
• Participate in Contractor's safety management reviews
• Ensure that the blasting and earthworks/reclamation work is properly aligned with rules and standards adopted in the Sultanate of Oman
• Provide support in the discussion with local authorities/stakeholders for the various permits required for the works
• Minimum 7 years experience in Construction Supervisory position for either Client or Contractor.
• Experience in earthwork/rock blasting in the Middle East would be an advantage.
• Detailed knowledge of all relevant discipline codes and standards
• Good understanding of planning and executing projects in the E&P business.
• Good understanding and proactive approach to HSSE in safety/hazard management, planning and executing projects.
• Ability to identify, analyse and resolve complex technical problems.
• Good interpersonal and team-working skills.
• Fluent written and spoken English.
• Ability to work with the community as a spokesperson for OOCEP
• An Engineering degree in Mechanical, Civil or other relevant discipline.
Job Details
- Ref.:
- Job Location:
- Muscat, Oman
- Company Industry:
- Oil/Gas
- Company Type:
- Employer (Private Sector)
- Job Role:
- Engineering
- Employment Status:
- Full time
- Employment Type:
- Employee
- Monthly Salary Range:
- Unspecified
- Number of Vacancies:
- 1
Preferred Candidate
- Career Level:
- Mid Career
- Years of Experience:
- Min: 7
- Residence Location:
- Unspecified
- Gender:
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- Nationality:
- Oman
- Degree:
- Unspecified
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About This Company
Oman Oil Company Exploration & Production LLC (OOCEP) is an upstream Oil & Gas company based in the Sultanate of Oman. Initially a division of Oman Oil Company SAOC (OOC), OOCEP is now a subsidiary of OOC following the Company's incorporation as a separate legal entity in 2009. OOCEP has numerous assets and diversified interests in Oil & Gas exploration and production both inside and outside Oman.


text:
We work with Plant and Food Research and other entities to create new varieties of produce.
We grow produce in over 12 locations around the globe including pipfruit, grapes, citrus, kiwifruit and covered crops.
We employ locals, backpackers, students, RSEs (Registered Seasonal Employees) from around the world to help pick our produce.
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Cool & Store
We have a network of over 41,000m2 of storage facilities around the globe
In New Zealand we have a fleet of 55 trucks that deliver produce from the grower to the pack-house and then out around the country. Every year we ship over 20,000 refrigerated containers full of product worldwide.
We have an experienced team of traders and sales specialists who buy and sell on behalf of growers. We also have a dedicated team of Marketing experts that help promote the produce to the consumer.


text:
November is lung cancer awareness month, so this week's Frankly Speaking about Cancer broadcast on Tuesday, November 5, 2013 at 4:00pm will focus on living with lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., largely due to the fact that most cases are not diagnosed until the cancer is advanced.
80% of those diagnosed with lung cancer do not smoke, and of course, a growing number of those with lung cancer can attribute their disease to their work on the pile at the World Trade Center site.
Speaking on the Cancer Support Community podcast will be Amy Copeland, the associate director of medical outreach at Lung Cancer Alliance, and Jenny White, a lung cancer survivor who serves as director of LCA's Tennessee chapter.
To listen to the podcast live or later, please click here. If you have questions, please call 866-472-5792.


text:
LaSalle Holds Off Delaware in Final Second
from press release
|Courtesy Delaware Athletics
NEWARK, Del. -- The University of Delaware
women's lacrosse team battled down to the final second of the game
Saturday afternoon before the comeback fell just short in a 9-8
setback to La Salle at Delaware Stadium.
Trailing by three goals with 7:06 left to play, Delaware surged back behind two goals from freshman Caitlin McCartney in the final three minutes of action and had the chance to send the game into overtime but a free position shot by Shannon Burns (at right) with under a second left to play was knocked away.
Burns netted three goals to record her first career hat trick for the Blue Hens (2-3), who had a three-game home win streak at Delaware Stadium snapped. The Hens are 7-5 in two seasons at Delaware Stadium under head coach Kateri Linville with four of the losses have come by a single goal with two coming in overtime.
"Our desire to battle back shined through at the end of the game today but unfortunately we fell a little short," said Linville, whose team won 13 of the 18 draw controls. "We showed a lot of guts and never gave up, which was great to see. We just didn't take care of the ball the way we needed to and didn't take advantage of some the opportunities that we had. But we will continue to work hard and we will find ways to get better."
La Salle (3-1), which won its third straight game, got two goals and two assists from Melanie Sarcinello while Kelly Furman and Jackie Roebuck each scored twice. Goalkeeper Megan Corliss relieved starter Maura Malone eight minutes into the game and posted 10 saves for the win.
Both teams battled close the entire day and neither team led by more than two goals until the 7:06 mark when La Salle took a 9-6 lead on a goal by Roebuck. But the Hens stormed back behind McCartney, who scored on a free position shot with 3:08 and scored another in the same fashion with 25 seconds left to play.
Delaware won the ensuing draw control and had the chance to send the game into overtime. Burns was fouled just as the horn sounded but the officials gathered and determined that .3 seconds was left on the clock. Burns set up for her free position shot directly in front of Corliss but her stick was tipped just as she shot and the ball caromed several feet to the left of the goal as the game ended.
TheâBlue Hens took an early 2-1 lead on a goal by Burns just under eight minutes into the game but the Explorers answered with three straight tallies to take a 4-2 lead. Burns and Chelsea Fay, who scored a goal for the sixth straight game, responded with consecutive goals for Delaware to tie the game at 4-4 with 3:41 left in the half, but La Salle went into the break up 5-4 on a goal by Nora McGurkin with 1:48 left in the half.
La Salle held the lead the entire second half, but Delaware moved to within one goal twice, pulling to within 6-5 on a goal by Brittany Griel with 23:26 left and to within 7-6 on a goal by Burns with 14:32 remaining.
The Explorers answered with goals by Furman and Roebuck to push the lead back to 9-6 before the Hens mounted their final rally that fell just short.
Delaware will return to action March 7 when the Hens host UMBCâat 4 p.m. at Delaware Stadium.
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text:
Chicken Cacciatore Recipe
Chicken Cacciatore Notes
This recipe has been blatantly stolen from the old Joy of Cooking and modified for my tastes and what I usually have in the kitchen.
- 4 pieces Italian sausage
- 4 boneless chicken breast halves
- 3 tablespoons flour
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 2 tablespoons shallots or scallions, chopped
- 1 clove garlic, minced (1 teaspoon)
- 2-3 plum tomatoes, chopped into chunks
- 1/4 cup tomato paste
- 1/2 cup dry white wine
- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground coarse black pepper
- 3/4 cup ckicken stock or broth
- 1/2 bay leaf
- 1/8 teaspoon dried thyme
- 1/8 teaspoon dried marjoram
- to taste, freshly grated parmesan cheese
- to taste, fresh parsley, chopped
Serves / Yields
Serves 4
Preparation Instructions
Brown the Italian sausages in a saute pan with a little olive oil, being sure to prick them with a fork to release their oils.
Dredge the chicken breasts in flour, and sauté until golden brown in the remaining olive oil and sausage drippings, adding them to the sausages. Add the shallots and garlic.
When the chicken breasts are browned, add the tomato paste, chopped tomatoes, white wine, salt, pepper, chicken stock, bay leaf, thyme and marjoram. Cover and allow to simmer for 1/2 hour, or until the chicken is tender, turning and stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
Serve with boiled vermicelli topped with grated parmesan cheese and fresh parsley.
Helpful Hints
The Italian sausages can be either hot or mild, depending upon how adventurous your palate is. If you have fewer sausages than chicken breasts, just slice the sausages into smaller pieces before serving.
Should be served with a salad and garlic bread.
I have to double check here - The original "Joy of cooking" recipe calls for 2 TBSP's of shallots, not 2 cups. I like shallots in many dishes - just want to make certain that the official measurement is 2 cups and not a typo. Thanks.
Make it Again? Daniel A. would make this recipe again.
THANK YOU SO MUCH! i could not find my old joy of cooking and the recipe in the new joy of cooking is so not as good at all........i have been searching for this original recipe and you have......THANK YOU!!!!!!!
Make it Again? Pamela T. would make this recipe again.


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Exercise Tubing and Bands (cont.)
Green, Yellow, Blue, Red, Purple, Black: How Much Weight Am I Lifting?
One of the difficulties in identifying the amount of resistance is that tension in rubber changes as you stretch it. For instance, the tension in an exercise tube when you first start to pull on it during a biceps curl is less than when you fully stretch it. In fact, some research shows that tension is not constant in the tube until it is stretched beyond 50% of its starting length, while other research shows that tension may not be constant until the elastic is stretched more than two and a half times its original length. The mechanical stretch properties of elastic vary based on thickness, age of the rubber, how much it is used, how quickly it is stretched, and other factors, and so it's difficult to quantify with certainty the "weight" of each tube or band that you stretch.
However, in one well-executed study, researchers were able to quantify the weight-equivalent of tubing and bands using sophisticated strain gauges. They measured tubing and bands from the Thera-Band Company (yellow, red, green, blue, black, and sliver tubing; yellow, green, and black bands) and stretched them under many different conditions. They found the following when the elastic was stretched to twice (or 100% of) its starting length:
Green: 5.6 pounds
Black: 8.1 pounds
Red: 3.0 pounds
Green: 4.7 pounds
Blue: 6.5 pounds
Black: 7.2 pounds
Silver: 10.5 pounds
Stretching each tube and band another 100% in this study yielded about one and a half times more tension, so when the green tube was stretched to 200% of its original length, the weight equivalent was approximately seven pounds. Keep in mind that not all manufacturers use the same color or quality of rubber, so these values are specific only to the tubes and bands used in the study. Also keep in mind that rubber loses its elasticity after many uses. One study showed that tension started to decrease slightly after just 50 full (100%) stretches, while in another study it took 500 stretches to reduce the tension in the bands and tubes by 12% and 6%, respectively. Whether you will notice the difference is hard to say, and so you should pay attention to the resistance over time. You can purchase new tubes or bands if you notice the elasticity decreasing, or alternatively, increase the tension by wrapping them around your hands a few times and shortening them. Shortening the elastic increases the tension (another benefit of tubes and bands).


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The Marshlands of Mesopotamia
Ministry of Culture
ExportWord File
The Secretariat of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Heritage Centre do not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information or documentation provided by the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to the Secretariat of UNESCO or to the World Heritage Centre.
The publication of any such advice, opinion, statement or other information documentation on the World Heritage Centre's website and/or on working documents also does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO or of the World Heritage Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.
Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party
Until the 1970s, the marshlands (al-ahwar) of Mesopotamia, in Southern Iraq, had covered an area of up to 20,000 square kilometers around the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Iraq. Together, these wetlands formed a series of interconnected permanent marshes and lakes covering an area of some 8,800 square kilometers, extending to some 20,000 kilometers when large tracts of dry or desert land were seasonally inundated. The marshlands were once home to several hundred thousand inhabitants, the Ma'dan, a people whose unique way of life had been preserved for over 5,000 years. The Ma'dan consist of a number of different Shi'a tribes, including the Bani Asad, Bani Tamim, Albu-Hassan, Albu-Muhammad, and Bani Lam. Estimates of population size have varied largely due to the paucity of official government data and the relative inaccessibility of the region, which left sections of the Ma'dan population unaccounted for in population censuses. One anthropological study put their number at 400,000 in the 1950s. Economic migration between the 1960s and the 1980s had reduced the population to an estimated 250,000 by 1991. In 1993, Human Rights Watch estimated the rural population of the marshlands to be around 200,000, which took into account the huge numbers of army deserters and political opponents seeking shelter in the region after 1991. Today, there may be as few as 20,000 of the original inhabitants remaining, the rest having fled or migrated to Iran and elsewhere, while an estimated minimum of 100,000 have become internally displaced in Iraq. Until the 1950s, the traditional subsistence lifestyle of the Ma'dan had hardly been disturbed. As recently as the 1990s, they were still using marsh reeds to construct delicately arched dwellings on artificial islands and waterways. They lived on fish and water buffalo that lived in the marshes and exported the surplus to other parts of Iraq. Their largely self-sufficient economy, structured around the aquatic environment, was based on the traditional occupations of fishing, cultivation, buffalo breeding, and reed gathering (from which a cane handicrafts industry evolved). The marshes began to decline in the 1950s as dam-building in Syria and Turkey attenuated the river flows, but the process accelerated dramatically in the 1990s after the Persian Gulf War, when Hussein built giant canals and drains nearby. Migration to urban centers, whether for permanent or seasonal work, accounted also for much of the reduction in the size of the indigenous population up to the late 1980s, when the government policies targeting the Marsh Arabs dramatically increased the pace of depopulation. Under the joint pressure of political neglect and modernization, it is now estimated that about 95 percent of the original marshland has become a crusty wasteland. Administratively, the marshlands cut across three of Iraq's eighteen provinces: Misan (originally al-`Amara), Dhi Qar (originally al-Nasiriyya), and Basra. Geographically, the heartland of the marshes comprised three principal areas: a) the al-Hammar Marshes, located south of the Euphrates between al-Nasiriyya and Basra; b) the Central Marshes, located between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers in a triangular area bounded by al-Nasiriyya, al-Qurna, and Qal'at Salih, with a section further north around the city of al-`Amara (commonly known as the al-`Amara Marshes); and c) the al-Huwaizah Marshes, located east of the Tigris and extending into Iran (where they are known as the al-Azim Marshes).


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MAR 01, 2014 - ABC News/ESPN
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The Green Bay Packers and Sam Shields will not have a deal completed in the next 10 days, meaning the cornerback will test free agency, a source told ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter.
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Just when we were finally getting used to those gray streaks Rihanna added to her hair recently, she went and changed it up again on us. And this is not a subtle change. She really went for it:
Starting late last night, she posted four different shots to her Instagram account highlighting the new short, curly chop. She captioned the one above: "Still tryna get used to my hurr, so I threw on some #redlipstick #RIRIWoo"
I want a closer look at it from all angles, but at first glance I am kind of loving it. I'm getting '80s Flashdance out of it, and how can that ever be a bad thing? The short length suits her, and we hardly ever get to see her natural curls—her hair just looks so light and healthy here. Here are some more shots:
Weigh in on Rihanna's new 'do!


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I would be happy to work diligent for you to get your offer in as soon as the property you are interested in comes to mark ... more
I have included a few home warranty companies. I would recommend to shop and compare to see who will give the home warranty that works best for you.
Home Warranty ... more
Cindy Crawford
Keller Williams
I would be honored to serve as your agent/advisor. My kids are grown so now I have a grandchild to help nurture. We are all christian folks. My son teaches at a private religou ... more
Atlanta is a good market, Austin is a HOT market. While no one can predict the future I see a continuing "tight" market. $250K and under is the sweet spot and therefore the hott ... more
Joe Casey
Goldwasser Real Estate
2. All items to still be acceptable, once you close its over
3. Ensure that everything contract is still there, i.e. no replaced ... more
Some fees the veteran cannot pay. So the seller pays them. This will figure into your offer/negotiations.
The listing agent or your broker ... more
... more
There are definitely plenty of options for you. I would love to elaborate more on specific options but I would need to know more about your home criteria. Please feel ... more


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Battle of the Saintes, (April 12, 1782), in the American Revolution, major British naval victory in the West Indies, ending the French threat to British possessions in that area. Setting out from Martinique on April 8, a French fleet of 35 warships and 150 merchantmen under the comte de Grasse intended to descend upon Jamaica with Spanish help. They were intercepted at the Saintes Passage, between the islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe, by a British fleet of 36 ships commanded by Admiral Sir George Rodney. After preliminary skirmishing, the main action took place on April 12, when a shift in the wind altered the course of two French ships, causing gaps in their line of battle that were quickly entered by the British. The French fleet was thus scattered and the ensuing British victory at the Saintes helped restore Britain's naval prestige. As a result, in the Treaty of Paris (September 3, 1783) Britain regained most of its islands in the West Indies.
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Listen to Us Live
Battle of the Bands III- Calling All Bands
Hello all,
We are already gearing up for the third Battle of the Bands, working with Rainbow Connection once again. We're hoping to have a group of 5 or 6 bands competing on April 11 for $150 prize for the top band! We are planning on knowing the bands in the next 2 weeks, so be looking for that announcement in the near future.
If you are in a band, or know of one that would be interested, contact us ASAP via facebook or by emailing email@example.com!
After Glo
The Glo Party was a success! We have given away all our tshirts and will be getting them to those of you who won this week. We are pleased by the turn out and hope that you will continue to show your support. Keep your eye out for an article about us in the Valley Vanguard!
We now begin to shift our attention to Battle of the Bands III. If you have a band that would like to participate on April 11, please have them get in touch with us. We are looking for local talent to help this charity event.
Glo Party Weekend!
Glow Party on Saturday! Free entrance and Free tshirts! 10pm in the TSAR!
Welcome Back
Hey all! Welcome back to a new semester! In case you hadn't heard in just 2 short weeks we will be throwing a Glow Party with awesome music, glow sticks, tshirts, and friends, all yours for the low cost of one Facebook like! Head over to our Facebook page to like our page and join in the Party on January 24!


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BEIJING: China's government indicated Tuesday it would resist pressure to contribute to a global bailout fund, saying that ensuring the country's economic stability is the most important step it can take to tackle the financial crisis.
President Hu Jintao is due to attend next weekend's summit in Washington of leaders from 20 major economies to discuss a response to the crisis. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has called on China, which has nearly $2 trillion in reserves, and oil-rich Middle Eastern nations to fund the bulk of an increase in an IMF bailout fund.


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LIVE: Mandela's funeralUPDATED 1:06 PM MDT Apr 30, 2014
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5 a.m. ET: A military escort carries Nelson Mandela's casket to its burial site in his childhood village on Sunday.
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About Us
Vinod Menon
Vinod Menon is a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Neuroscience, and Director of the Stanford Cognitive & Systems Neuroscience Laboratory in the Stanford University School of Medicine. He has broad multidisciplinary expertise that spans several scientific disciplines and has published extensively on various aspects of human cognition and brain function. He is especially interested in the development, maturation and organization of functional networks in the human brain, and its impact on cognition and behavior.
Welcome to the Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory in the Stanford School of Medicine.
Under the direction of Dr. Vinod Menon, the SCSNL investigates human cognition and learning using a systems neuroscience approach. The main goals of our research are focused in four areas:
We use advanced brain imaging techniques (fMRI, sMRI, DTI and EEG) as well as behavioral, genetic, neural network modeling, and computational methods in our research.
Populations currently under investigation include:
If you are interested in our current studies or participating please visit out participant website: BrainDevelopment.Stanford.edu
Quick links
Click the above button to fill out our registration form. We will keep you on file and contact you for any studies you are elibible.
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Memorial Healthcare System Community Calendar
Sunday, August 04, 2013
Breastfeeding Support Close to Mothers
Join us in Celebration of World Breastfeeding Week with a Mother to Mother Luncheon.
Luncheon, raffles and speakers. Due to limited space no strollers please.
Event hosted by the Family Birthplace at Memorial Regional Hospital.
Limited space. RSVP by July 27, 2013 at 954-265-4078
Time: 11:30-2pm
Fee: Free
Phone: 954-265-4078
Esther Grossman Center
4320 Sheridan Street
Hollywood, FL 33021
- Back to Community Calendar
- Memorial Healthcare System Support Groups
- View Other Calendars & Schedules


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So last weekend I completed my longest ever bike ride. I headed out from downtown Denver with a couple friends for what we here in the Mile High city call "Super Evans." Evans refers to Mt. Evans which sits at the lofty height of 14,264 feet above most beaches. This was my last big training ride before competing at the Leadville 100 on August 15th. We set out not to break records on this ride, but to finish the ride and still have energy.
On a journey that consisted of 129 miles and 15,500 feet of vertical climbing the 2 biggest factors for completion aka survival would be hydration and nutrition. I left my house with 2 bottles filled to the brim with PUR filtered water and potpouri of energy bars and gels. I ended up refilling my bottles a total of 6 times each for 14 bottles in total. That may seem like a lot of fluid, but hydration should always be on your mind whether your out doing a cruise around town or on a monster bike ride. Here in Colorado that dry climate also plays a big factor for depleting water in your body so I'm always sippin' water whether I'm on the bike or cubing it up at work.
So just remember to keep those fluids up and you'll be amazed what your body can do when properly hydrated!
Cheers, Ryan
As an athlete, I always try to stay in the know about how important hydration is. I know not to leave the house without a Camelbak when I take my bike out on the Lakefront. I have my run routes mapped around the water fountains. And my workout is never a good one if I somehow manage to forget my water bottle at home and I have to keep jumping off the machine and rehydrating.
I know to stay hydrating but sometimes it's hard to keep drinking water and I'm craving of something, anything, else. I try adding lemon juice or even a little Gatorade powder to sweeten my drink, but the tedious process sometimes has more foregoing that drink because I don't want to mix the concoction. So I was super excited when a package from PUR arrived with a pitcher and water filter that also contained a flavor package to mix up the taste of the water. I already liked the water straight from the pitcher because now I finally didn't have to deal with semi-warm water straight from the tap and I had the option of adding flavor with a few quick taps of a button. I'm liking it already and know I'm staying more fueled in the process. And with a race coming up, I know it's even more important.
Stay tuned to hear more. I'm sure I'll have some hydration thoughts after the race. Last time I suspected I was dehydrated because I felt like a camel the following day, guzzling water and never seeming to get enough.
I received my shipment today and used the PUR water pitcher and one of the PUR flavor packets. After prepping the pitcher and water filter, I added the flavor pack and tap water and was delighted with the result! The strawberry flavor had a great taste and there was no hint of chlorine taste or smell to the water. I like the way the pitcher allows me to add as much or as little flavor to each glass. The filter change indicator is also very handy.
Kyle Welch
I'm so excited to be a PUR Ambassador and share feedback regarding PUR
products! As a triathlete and runner, hydration is a big part of my
active lifestyle. I don't drink coffee (I've never drank a cup!) or sodas since
they wire me! I drink a minimum of 64 ounces of water a day.
I'm also a big water drinker with lemon, so it will be great to try the PUR
Flavor Options since I love all kinds of fruit.
In terms of my triathlon training, I always hydrate prior to, during and
after my trainings and races to prevent dehydration and cramping. You will
either see me with a water bottle or a fuel belt, as water really seems to
always quench my thirst. Water also gives me that extra push that I need as I
run through a water station at a race. I will never miss out on the opportunity
for that cup of water!
Check back to see my feedback regarding PUR water filtration products!
I just wanted to do a quick post to say how excited I am to be part of team PUR and how important hydration is to me. I am currently nursing my 10 month old son, so proper hydration is a MUST to be able to take care of both myself and my family. I need to consume extra fluids to be able to maintain my milk supply even if I was not an athlete, so being active, I need to drink a TON of fluids. I usually have a glass of water with every feeding session in addition to my normal intake, plus fluids for my workouts. I can tell when I am not getting enough to drink because my son is crabby and extra hungry- not good!
I am so excited to be part of PUR because I will be able to ensure that my drinking water is safer for me and for my family, and I will not be producing so much waste from non-reusable beverage containers. I hate when I have to purchase bottled water, because many times it is not any better for me and produces so much waste!
I have my first mountain bike race of the season coming up this weekend, so I will update everyone on how that goes next week! It is a 4 person relay, where we will be outside most of the afternoon, so proper hydration will be key to avoid cramps and premature fatigue.
Proper hydration is so important to athletic success yet it is so often overlooked. I constantly talk to the athletes I coach to stress the importance of their race day fueling. I am constantly reinforcing hydration as a daily routine. Sufficient fluid levels are achieved when athletes need to urinate a pale-yellow to nearly colorless urine every few hours. For base workouts, recommend 6-10oz fluid every 15 minutes; understanding that cold weather conditions may warrant consumption on the lower end of the range. Indoor workouts may require consumption on the higher end of the range. Each athlete should also know how to assess their sweat rate and match their needs with their losses. Keep in mind that sweat rates will vary with changes in the training environment and as the result of improved physical conditioning.
I'm looking forward to incorporating PUR in to my nutrition and hydration arsenal while staying Green at the same time.
PUR is the leading provider of water filtration systems and wants to educate you on the importance of staying hydrated. PUR has sponsored 10 Brand Ambassadors nation-wide who are athletic individuals just like you. These PUR Ambassadors are interested in spreading the word about the benefits of hydration. These Ambassadors are using PUR products and saving money by bottling their own water. They'll be blogging about their experiences from July-September. Check back frequently for fun updates and educational blogs.
Do you walk or run through water stops at races?
Vin Camacho
Do you walk or run through water stops at races?
David Lamay
How do you stay hydrated on the go?
Colleen Petterson
Will Miss PUR While Traveling Abroad!
How do you stay hydrated on the go?
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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