text:
Kelly Barnes
Melinda Bolgar - University of Florida, master's program in exercise science with a concentration in sport psychology
Chris Breuer Merrikh - Ph.D. program at Brandeis University. He is working in a RNA lab and works with HeLa cells. He's pleased to announce his marriage in summer '06, firstname.lastname@example.com
Heather Burgess - University of Rochester, Ph.D. program in toxicology
Christina Campusano - lab technician, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., email@example.com
Allyson Clark - Blood Bank Medical Technologist, University of Rochester, firstname.lastname@example.com
Wendy Clement - University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Ph.D. program, firstname.lastname@example.com
Patrick Cowley - Ph.D. program at the University of Houston's Department of Health and Human Performance, working on the tiger study, firstname.lastname@example.com
Jason Doherty - staff computational biologist, pathology, Washington University-St. Louis, firstname.lastname@example.com
CONGRATULATIONS on his recent publication! Sarah L. Pull, Jason M. Doherty, Jason C. Mills, Jeffrey I. Gordon, and Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck. 2005. "Activated macrophages are an adaptive element of the colonic epithelial progenitor niche necessary for regenerative responses to injury." PNAS 102(1):99-104. View the abstract.
Andy Dusel - orthodontist, Orthodontists Associates of Western New York, email@example.com
Christina Felsen - Tulane University, masters in public health with a concentration in epdemiology, email@example.com
Jamie Fountain - Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Residency/Fellowship program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, email@example.com
Zach Goldsmith - Temple University School of Medicine, M.D./Ph.D.; He is a resident in urologic surgery at Duke University Medical Center.
- Zach returned to the department to talk to premed students regarding the medical school process.
- Congratulations go out to Zach and coauthor for his publication, "The Microrevolution: Applications and impacts of microarray technology on molecular biology and medicine (Review)." The Int J Mol Med 2004 April, 13(4): 483-95. View the abract as a PDF.
Greg Jelson - technician, University of Vermont
Katie Macaluso - medical student, SUNY Upstate
Kate Majka Johnsonton- Received teaching certificate in Biology and Earth Science. Receving masters in biology education from University at Buffalo in Spring 2008 and plans to pursue a Ph.D., email@example.com
Tatum McNierney - Science Teacher in the Half Hollow Hills Schood District in Dix Hills, NY, email@example.com
Tom Metzger* - Ph.D. program, Cornell Medical School in New York City. CONGRATULATIONS on his article. View the abstract here!
Metzger, T., et al. 2004. "Mouse amnionless, which is required for primitive streak assembly, mediates cell-surface localization and endocytic function of cubilin on visceral endoderm and kidney proximal tubles." Development, 131:4787-4795.
Chris Mirucki - Dentist, UConn Health Center
Michelle Niescierenko - Pediatric Resident in the Boston Combined Residency Program, firstname.lastname@example.com
Michelle is pleased to announce her multiple accomplishments
- won a $10,000 scholarship from the American Medical Association (1 of 4 nationally),
- received the National Leadership Award, by the American Medical Association, for medical students (1 of 15),
- and her research honors thesis on improving access to health insurance is being published in June '06 in the Journal of the National Medical Association!
- Traveled with a group to Bolivia and spent 10 days working in a partnership with a foundation to get homeless/abandoned children off the street. They were able to provide primary medical care to close to 600 children and some adults and link those with chronic medical conditions to long term care. We were also able to provide teaching on public health topics including dental hygiene, reading, maintaining hydration and preventing parasites and worms.
Maira Pires - Ph.D program, Columbia University in the College of Physicians and Surgeons (the medical school) for the program of Biochemistry and Molecular BioPhysics, email@example.com
Maira is pleased to announce "Patterns of gene expression and copy-number alterations in von-hippel lindau disease-associated and sporadic clear cell carcinoma of the kidney". Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 1; 69(11):4674-81. View the abstract here (PDF).
Congratulations are in order for Maira, as she has been awarded a very competitive Department of Defense grant for almost $100,000 for the next 3 years of my graduate work for investigating breast cancer! (May 2008)
Meghan Lindauer (Biology '01) and Maira are pleased to announce their joint publication, along with other co-authors. Their article entitled, "p63 regulates commitment to the prostate cell lineage" appears in PNAS 102(32): 11355-11360. The abstract is available at ithaca.edu/biology/kudos_lindauerpires05.pdf.
Bernhard Preusser
Philip Rafferty - Quality Control Specialist at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Pearl River NY.
John Ravener*
Nate Ross* - University of Rochester, Ph.D. program
Tara Rynhart
Kristen Sager - Emory University, Ph.D. program
Ariella Shvartz
Kim Stallone - SUNY Upstate, M.D. program
Fawn Stehlin - National Geographic, email@example.com
Jon Stercho - research, biology, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Owego, New York, email@example.com
Nicole White* - Case Western, Ph.D. program
Lara Whitford
*Biochemistry Majors with a Biology Faculty Advisor


text:
Thursday, June 19, 2008
Vacation quote of the day
My children of course said, "I wonder how big his bottom is?".
They then answered their own question with, "I bet it's even bigger than Mom's!".
I'm thinking all this family time might be a little overrated.
6 comments:
- daisy said...
Yeah, they are absolutely hilarious sometimes, aren't they?
My daughter says to me the other day, "When I get really old, like 30, I think I'll just want to die." And in the next breath, "How old are you, Mom?" Ya think I was going to step into that one? Ha!
- June 19, 2008 at 7:08 PM
- Misty said...
at what age do they start talking? :O) can't wait!
- June 20, 2008 at 7:52 AM
- emily said...
Kinda reminds me of Sadies assessment as to why you couldn't ride the Barbie jeep with her over here! :)
- June 20, 2008 at 9:20 AM
- Kori said...
I had quite the chuckle after reading this.
I will never forget the time we went out to dinner and the waitress was bent over talking to Jacob he was about 4 anyways she was talking and all of a sudden he got this really disgusted look on his face and says "you need a tic tac." I could have crawled under the table. Of course she left and she sent over another waitress to take our order. Gotta love 'em.
- June 20, 2008 at 10:45 AM
- Mrs. Troop said...
Too funny!
Really enjoy your blog - thanks for the laugh, today!
We are heading up to CO this week with our eight. And yes, we drive a van ALL of the time. :-) I've discovered something great, though. Everyone who is below the age of 10 thinks it's WAY COOL to drive a big van. HA!
Happy Friday!
- June 20, 2008 at 9:11 PM
- These Three Kings said...
LOL.. wow
I wish I pray the LORD provide for Delta and I to come visit you one day!!
i just tagged you on my blog! enjoy!
- June 22, 2008 at 3:32 PM

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Thank you for your interest in a summer internship with the U.S. Commercial Service in Kenya. Our mission is to assist U.S. companies exporting goods and services to the Kenyan market. To support this mission, we offer a variety of services that include Kenya market research and analysis, introductions with Kenyan businesses, promotion of U.S. products and advocacy work for U.S. businesses. Graduate students of economics, business administration, and international relations, will be benefit most from an internship with the Commercial Service.
Please read the information below to ensure you qualify for this program and have sufficient time for your application to be processed.
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No. Federal regulations prohibit financial compensation. But upon completion of the internship, an official letter of recommendation can be provided and many universities will award academic credit for your work.
No. The short-term Non-Business or Non-Education visa does not permit applicants to work in Kenya. Additionally, you will need to provide proof of having sufficient funds to support yourself while in Kenya.
Unfortunately, no airfare, housing, or federal government insurance can be provided and no federal government liability is assumed.
The U.S. Commercial Service seeks hard-working, responsible interns, preferably at the graduate student level. If you are interested in an internship, please submit the following items to our intern coordinator: John Osura
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Development of an Arduino-Based Wireless Control System
0.0 out of 5 stars
24 Dec 2014 | Publications | Contributor(s): Zhuoxiong Sun, Francisco Javier Pena, Alana Wilbee, Shirley Dyke
Over the past few decades, considerable attention has been given to structural control systems to mitigate structural vibration under natural hazards such as earthquake and extreme weather...
Benchmark Wireless Structural Control Problem
29 Jul 2014 | Computational Models | Contributor(s): Zhuoxiong Sun, Bo Li, Shirley Dyke, Chenyang Lu, Lauren Linderman
Structural control systems offer an attractive approach to protect civil infrastructures from natural hazards such as earthquakes. Wireless structural control systems which utilize wireless...
Benchmark Problem in Active Structural Control with Wireless Sensor Network
13 Jul 2014 | Publications | Contributor(s): Zhuoxiong Sun, Bo Li, Shirley Dyke, Chenyang Lu, Lauren Linderman
Large-Scale Real Time Hybrid Simulation for Validation of Advanced Damping Systems
18 Jun 2013 | Multimedia | Contributor(s): Shirley Dyke, Anthony Friedman, Tong Li, Ali Irmak Ozdagli
Magnetorheological damper is a type of advanced damping system that can reduce the impact of earthquakes on structures. This video demonstrates the project that applies magnetorheological damper...
Development and Experimental Validation of a New Control Strategy Considering Device Dynamics for Large-Scale MR Dampers using Real-Time Hybrid Simulation
17 Jun 2013 | Publications | Contributor(s): Anthony Friedman, Shirley Dyke
As MR control devices increase in scale for use in real-world civil engineering applications, their dynamics become increasingly complicated. Control designs that are able to take these...
Response Control of Seismically Excited Buildings: Application of Viscous Damping and Negative Stiffness Control Algorithm
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This thesis focuses on the application of the viscous damping and negative stiffness (VDNS) algorithm to the seismic response control of buildings. It provides an effective option for the...
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08 Feb 2012 | Active Documents | Contributor(s): Xiuyu Gao, Nestor Eduardo Castaneda-Aguilar, Shirley Dyke
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Response Modification of Buildings and Bridges: Comparative Studies in Seismic Control
This thesis presents the results of research to evaluate the effectiveness of modern control strategies for the mitigation of earthquake induced hazards in building and bridge...
Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Smart Damping Systems
01 Aug 2011 | Historical Documents | Contributor(s): Shirley Dyke
This thesis contains a study of the effects of and develops a procedure for dealing with control component failure in smart damping systems. The procedure is developed...
Phase I Benchmark Control Problem for Seismic Response of Cable-Stayed Bridges
28 Jul 2011 | Computational Models | Contributor(s): Shirley Dyke, Juan M Caicedo
This computational model contains the original files for the Phase I Benchmark Control Problem for Seismic Response of Cable-Stayed Bridges.
Dyke, S. J., Caicedo, J. M., Turan, G., Bergman, L. A....
Report on the Nonlinear Full Scale Building Control Problem
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This report presents the extended problem definition of a set of benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings. Focusing on three typical steel structures, 3-, 9- and...
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This report presents the extended problem definition for the next generation structural control benchmark problem for seismically excited buildings. Focusing on a 20-story steel structure...
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In a companion report, a problem definition was presented for a well-defined benchmark structural control problem for a model building configured with an active mass driver (nees.org). This second...
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Report on the Highway Bridge Control Problem - Phase 1
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This report presents the extended problem definition of the benchmark structural control problem for the seismically excited highway bridge. The benchmark problem is based on the newly constructed...
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Report on the Linear Active Mass Driver Control Benchmark Problem
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This report presents the extended problem definition for a benchmark structural control problem. The structure considered -- chosen because of the widespread interest in this class of systems ...


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Top Definition
The act of selling drugs to another person.
matt: Yo Juice go get a dutch.
Juice: Yea, after i go serve up this kid a half zip of shrooms.
Juice: Yea, after i go serve up this kid a half zip of shrooms.
Juice on the loose tərəfindən 01 Fevral 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
To deliver a swift and decisive round of ass whoopin.
Go Serve that motherfucker, he's talkin some serious cracker shit.
Slob tərəfindən 22 Sentyabr 2003
The act of putting down another person so perfectly that all they can do is say "I just got served." Not to be confused with the incidental soft-serve, this serve is deliberate and both the server and the servee know it.
"Ms. Morgan served Sue Hall's dead father."
Anonymous tərəfindən 04 Noyabr 2004
To bring it. To work the runway/catwalk to your best ability. To have bitches gagging in awe.
"That girl was fierce." "I know did you see her serve?"
Francois Andre tərəfindən 06 Fevral 2007
To school or humiliate by dancing crazy moves such as line dancing to achy breaky heart
"There are severe servings here and here, but the worst serving occured here in the pelvic region"
KyRo tərəfindən 12 Oktyabr 2004
to make a drug deal where you are the dealer
i went to there house to make a serve
latosha tərəfindən 27 Oktyabr 2003
to get revenge on somebody by making them realize what they missed. also to kick someones ass and then own them from their embarassment
Jodi-"Im gonna serve Bob today because he totally ignored me online"
Mary-"nice..make him pay"
Mary-"nice..make him pay"
Urbanserver tərəfindən 15 May 2006


text:
Star and crescent
A star (or stars) and crescent featuring in some combination form the basis of symbols widely found across the ancient world, with examples attested from the Eastern Mediterranean, Persia and Central Asia.[1]
The symbol emerged into popular use during the 19th century as a modernistic national symbol for the Ottoman Empire during the Westernizing Tanzimat reforms. The Ottoman flag of 1844 with a white "ay-yıldız" (Turkish for "crescent-star") on a red background continues to be in use as the flag of the Republic of Turkey with minor modifications. Other states formerly part of the Ottoman Empire also used the symbol, including Libya (1951–1969 and after 2011), Tunisia (1956) and Algeria (1958). The same symbol was used in other national flags introduced during the 20th century, including the flags of Azerbaijan (1918), Pakistan (1947), Malaysia (1948), and Mauritania (1959).
During the 1950s to 1960s, the symbol was re-interpreted as the symbol of Islam or the Muslim community.[2] By the 1970s, this symbolism was embraced by movements of Arab nationalism or Islamism, such as the proposed Arab Islamic Republic (1974) and the American Nation of Islam (1973).[3]
- 1 Use in antiquity
- 2 Middle Ages and Renaissance
- 3 Usage in the Mughal Empire
- 4 Use in the Ottoman Empire
- 5 Contemporary use
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Use in antiquity[edit]
Ancient Near East[edit]
The star and crescent appear, used in combination, in and around ancient Jordan. It has been associated with the Moabites (14th or early 13th – 6th century BC[4]), as the symbol or symbols appear on what are thought to be Moabite name seals.[5] Crescents appearing together with a star or stars are a common feature of Sumerian iconography, the crescent usually being associated with the moon god Sin (Nanna to the Sumerians) and the star (often identified as Venus) with Ishtar (Inanna to the Sumerians). However, in this context, there is a third element often seen, that being the sun disk of Shamash. Academic discussion of a star or stars together with crescents in Sumerian representations does not always clearly indicate if they appear in isolation (the "star and crescent" as such) or as part of a triad of symbols, "the three celestial emblems, the sun disk of Shamash (Utu to the Sumerians), the crescent of Sin (Nanna), and the star of Ishtar (Inanna to the Sumerians)"[6] or "the crescent of Sin (the moon god), the star of Ishtar and the ray of Shamash".[7] Nevertheless, later use of the star and crescent by the Parthians, and other Iranian dynasties is often traced to earlier use in Mesopotamia. As one scholar observed, "[t]he Parthian king Mithradates I conquered Mesopotamia around 147 BC, and Susa in about 140 BC A later Parthian king, Orodes II (58-38 BC), issued coins at Susa and elsewhere which display a star and crescent on the obverse. The succeeding ruler, Phraates IV (38-3/2 BC), minted coins showing either a star alone or a star with crescent moon. In representing the star and crescent on their coins the Parthians thus adopted traditional symbols used in Mesopotamia and Elam more than two millennia before their own arrival in those parts."[8] Along these lines, some scholars maintain that later use of the symbol arose from Babylonian mythology in which the juxtaposition of Sin (moon god, father of time) and Shamash (supreme ruling sun god, judge of heaven and earth) was a metaphor for the cosmic powers given to the Babylonian king to rule.[9]
Iran, Mithra and Mithradates[edit]
The star and crescent was also the emblem of Mithradates VI Eupator. "His royal emblem, an eight rayed star and the crescent moon, represented the dynasty's patron gods, Zeus Stratios, or Ahuramazda, and Men Pharmacou, a Persian form of the native moon goddess."[10] Other scholars have suggested that the star and crescent are more directly related to the cult of the god Mithra. Ustinova associates the star and crescent motif attested in a number of finds in the Bosporan Kingdom (which date from the 5th century BC to the 1st century AD) with the cult of Mithras, and indicates the star and the crescent together constituted the emblem of Pontus and its kings, asserting that it was introduced to the Bosporus by Mithradates and his successors, where it is attested on coins, locally produced jewelry and other objects. She suggests that this emblem indicates "the possibility of an earlier association of the Pontic dynasty with the cult of mounted Mithra. Mithra in fact must have been one of the most venerated gods of the Pontic Kingdom, since its rulers bore the theomorphic name of Mithradates ... although direct evidence for this cult is rather meager."[11] McGing also notes the association of the star and crescent with Mithradates VI, discussing its appearance on his coins, and its survival in the coins of the Bosporan Kingdom where "[t]he star and crescent appear on Pontic royal coins from the time of Mithradates III and seem to have had oriental significance as a dynastic badge of the Mithridatic family, or the arms of the country of Pontus."[12]
According to Erciyas (2005),
The significance of the star and crescent on royal coins has also been frequently debated. Many scholars have identified the star and the crescent as royal symbols of the Pontic kingdom. Their appearance on every royal issue suggests they were indeed important symbols, and the connection of this symbol to the royal family is definite. The nature of it, however, is still uncertain. Kleiner believed they were symbols of an indigenous god and had their origins in Persia. He associated the star and crescent with the god Men and saw them as representations of night and day (the star may be considered the sun here). Ritter, on the other hand, suggested that the star and crescent symbols derived from Perseus, just as the star symbol of the Macedonians did. […] Ma and Mithras are two other deities with whom the star and crescent symbol are associated. Olshausen believed that the star and crescent could be related to a syncretism of Pontic and Iranian iconography: the crescent for Men and the star for Ahura Mazda. Recently, Summerer has convincingly suggested that Men alone was the inspiration for the symbol on the royal coins of the Pontic kingdom.[13]
A combined star and crescent motif is commonly found on later coins minted by the Sassanids.[14] This has led some researchers to suggest that Muslims adopted the symbol in the context of its use by Sassanian rulers. After describing the crowns of a number of Sassanid kings, which featured a crescent, sphere and crescent, or star and crescent, H. Ayatollahi remarks, "Sasani coins remained in circulation in Moslem countries up to the end of the first century (Hijra). This detailed description of Sasani crowns was presented because the motifs mentioned, particularly the crescent and star gradually changed into Islamic symbols and have often appeared in the decorative patterns of various periods of Islamic art." This author asserts that "The flags of many Islamic countries bear crescents and stars and are proof of this Sasani innovation.".[15]
Hellenistic and Roman[edit]
By the late Hellenistic or early Roman period, the star and crescent motif had been associated to some degree with Byzantium. If any goddess had a connection with the walls in Constantinople, it was Hecate. Hecate had a cult in Byzantium from the time of its founding. Like Byzas in one legend, she had her origins in Thrace. For example, some Byzantine coins of the 1st century BC and later show the head of Artemis with bow and quiver, and feature a crescent with what appears to be a six-rayed star on the reverse. In 330 AD, Byzantium Emperor Constantin used this symbol while rededicating Constantinople to Virgin Mary.[16] According to accounts which vary in some of the details, in 340 BC the Byzantines and their allies the Athenians were under siege by the troops of Philip of Macedon. On a particularly dark and wet night Philip attempted a surprise attack but was thwarted by the appearance of a bright light in the sky. This light is occasionally described by subsequent interpreters as a meteor, sometimes as the moon, and some accounts also mention the barking of dogs. However, the original accounts mention only a light in the sky, without specifying the moon.[17] To commemorate the event the Byzantines erected a statue of Artemis (or Hecate) lampadephoros (light-bearer or bringer). This story survived in the works Hesychius of Miletus, who in all probability lived in the time of Justinian I. His works survive only in fragments preserved in Photius and the 10th century lexicographer Suidas. The tale is also related by Stephanus of Byzantium, and Eustathius.
Devotion to Hecate was especially favored by the Byzantines for her aid in having protected them from the incursions of Philip of Macedon. Her symbols were the crescent and star, and the walls of her city were her provenance.[18]
Later, under the Romans, cities in the empire often continued to issue their own coinage. "Of the many themes that were used on local coinage, celestial and astral symbols often appeared, mostly stars or crescent moons."[6] The wide variety of these issues, and the varying explanations for the significance of the star and crescent on Roman coinage precludes their discussion here. It is, however, apparent that by the time of the Romans, coins featuring a star or crescent in some combination were not at all rare.
Middle Ages and Renaissance[edit]
In the Middle Ages, the star and crescent combination was not associated with Islam and appears in Christian iconography.[19] [20]
The use of the crescent symbol (without the star) on Muslim flags is first seen by Europe during the Crusades. Flags showing crescents appear in depictions of flags from the 14th century, in the Libro de Conoscimiento and the Catalan Atlas.
In these early examples, the crescent mostly pointed upward. 14th-century Muslim flags with an upward-pointing crescent in a monocolour field included the flags of Gabes, Tlemcen (Tilimsi), Damas and Lucania, Cairo, Mahdia, Tunis and Buda.[21] Evidence of crescent use is also found in the 14th century blue ensign of Nubia/Dongola (documented by Angelino Dulcert in 1339) and yellow ensign of the Mamluks of Egypt.[22] Flags with crescents facing the fly are attested from the 17th century.
In the Late Middle Ages, it became fashionable to show attributed arms for historical and legendary individuals. Virgil Solis in his Wappenbüchlein (1555) shows such fictitious coats of arms for the Three Magi; the coat of arms attributed to Balthasar as a yellow star and crescent on a blue field. Later in the 16th century, the Korenić-Neorić Armorial shows a white star and crescent on a red field as the coat of arms of Illyria.
Usage in the Mughal Empire[edit]
The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) is known to have inlaid the Crescent and Star symbol upon his personal shield,[citation needed] and his son Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) is known to have used similar shields and flags containing an upward star and crescent symbol.[citation needed] The Nawab of the Carnatic in the first half of the 19th century also appears to have used flags with a star and crescent symbol.[23]
A miniature painting from the Padshahnama, depicting Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (note: The upward Crescent and Star symbol, inlaid upon the imperial shield).
The finial upon the Taj Mahal is topped on the main spire with the combined spear and crescent representing the official military standard of the Mughal Emperor.
Use in the Ottoman Empire[edit]
The star and crescent historically was a symbol of the Ottoman Empire, but later became associated with Islam in general. Now its popularity among Muslims makes it comparable to the Christian cross and the Star of David. Many Muslim nations, such as Pakistan, and non-sovereign nations such as Turkestan and Tartarstan use it on their national flag, inspiring from the secular Republic of Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire.
The crescent moon and star symbol actually pre-dates Islam by several thousand years. Information on the origins of the symbol are difficult to ascertain, but most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship of sun, moon, and sky gods. The star and crescent (with the crescent under the star, which was simply a round circle) were also widely used in ancient Ethiopia and South Arabia (modern day Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia). Its image can still be seen on the Hawulti at Matara, Eritrea and all of the Aksumite coins prior to its conversion to Christianity, for example. According to some reports, the Greek colony of Byzantium also used the emblem on their flag as an official governing symbol. In 339 BC the city of Byzantium, (later known as Constantinople and then Istanbul), won a decisive battle under a brilliant waxing moon which they attributed to their patron Goddess Artemis whose symbol was the crescent moon[citation needed] In honor of Artemis the citizens adopted the crescent moon as their symbol[citation needed]. When the city became the Christian Constantinople in 330 AD, Constantine also added the Virgin Mary's star on the flag. As such, it has been claimed that when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, they adopted the city's existing flag and symbol[citation needed]. However, the most common theory in Turkey is that crescent and star symbol was adopted by Ottoman Empire after a bloody war in Balkans. After seeing the reflection of crescent and star on to the blood of soldiers, Ottoman Sultan decided to adopt a new flag to honor the soldiers who died for the sake of their country. The crescent moon and star were not completely abandoned by the Christian world after the fall of Constantinople. To date the Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem official church flag is a labarum of white with a church building with two towers and on either side of the arms, at the top, are the outline in black of a crescent moon facing center, and a star/sun with rays.
The predominantly Sunni Muslim ethnic Bosniaks use a similar flag; as their native country Bosnia and Herzegovina is also homeland to two other constituent peoples, Serbs and Croats, the flag is not the official flag of the country. The star possibly symbolizes Venus. Venus indeed may often appear prominently close to the Moon at the first sighting of the new crescent (the hilal) after New Moon, usually shortly after sunset, which marks the start of the first day of a new month in the lunar Islamic calendar. It has been suggested that the star-and-crescent used in Ottoman flags of the 19th century had been adopted from the Byzantines. Franz Babinger (1992) suggests this possibility, noting that the crescent alone has a much older tradition also with Turkic tribes in the interior of Asia.[24] Parsons (2007) considers this unlikely, as the star and crescent was not a widespread motive in Byzantium at the time of the Ottoman conquest.[25]
Turkish historians tend to stress the antiquity of the crescent (not star-and-crescent) symbol among the early Turkic states in Asia.[26] In Turkish tradition, there is an Ottoman legend of a dream of the eponymous founder of the Ottoman house, Osman I, in which he is reported to have seen a moon rising from the breast of a Muslim judge whose daughter he sought to marry. "When full, it descended into his own breast. Then from his loins there sprang a tree, which as it grew came to cover the whole world with the shadow of its green and beautiful branches." Beneath it Osman saw the world spread out before him, surmounted by the crescent.[27]
Successor states of the Ottoman Empire[edit]
Besides the most prominent example of Turkey (see Flag of Turkey), a number of other Ottoman successor states adopted the design during the 20th century, including the Emirate of Cyrenaica and the Kingdom of Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, and the proposed Arab Islamic Republic.
Contemporary use[edit]
Today the flag is also used by Muslim-majority states which are not successor states of the Ottoman Empire.
Muslim-majority state flags[edit]
National flags (used by sovereign states) displaying the star-and-crescent symbol:
Flags with variant symbols, involving a crescent and several stars:
Muslim-majority state emblems[edit]
Other Muslim organizations or territories[edit]
Other flags with the symbol, used by communities, states, separatist and political movements, dependent territories, autonomous areas or partially recognized states:
Flag of Free Aceh Movement
Flag of Anjouan, Comoros
Flag of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Flag of Bahawalpur (princely state) (1802-1955)
Flag of Balochistan, Pakistan
Flag of Muslim Bosnians
Flag of Chitral (princely state) (1560-1969)
Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia
Flag of Dir (princely state) (c.1800-1969)
Flag of Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan
Flag of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Flag of Grande Comore, Comoros
Flag of Hatay State (1937-1938)
Flag of Hunza (princely state) (c.1400-1974)
Flag of Hyderabad (princely state) (1724-1948)
Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front
Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
Flag of Jafarabad (princely state) (1650-1948)
Princely flag of Janjira
Flag of Johor, Malaysia
Flag of Kalat (princely state) (1666-1955)
Flag of Kelantan, Malaysia
Flag of Kharan (princely state) (1697-1955)
Flag of the Kingdom of Egypt and the Republic of Egypt (1923 – 1958)
Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Flag of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Flag of Labuan, Malaysia
Flag of Las Bela (princely state) (1742-1955)
Flag of Makran (princely state) (c.1700-1955)
Flag of Malacca, Malaysia
Flag of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
Flag for the Nation of Islam
Flag of Provisional Government of Western Thrace (1913)
Flag of Punjab, Pakistan
Flag of Putrajaya, Malaysia
Flag of Selangor, Malaysia
Flag of Sindh, Pakistan
Flag used by Tatarstan nationalists
Flag of Terengganu, Malaysia
Non Muslim-majority state flags[edit]
The People Nation street gangs have been known to use a star and crescent.[28] The Leliwa coat of arms, one of Poland's many coats-of-arms adopted by several families, used the star and crescent. One of the families that adopted it was the Tarnowski family, and its usage is reflected on the arms of several Polish and Ukrainian towns.
Non Muslim-majority state/territory emblems[edit]
Coat of arms of Zagreb, Croatia.
Coat of arms of Varnsdorf, Czech Republic.
Coat of arms of Grabow, Germany.
Coat of arms of Halle an der Saale, Germany.
Coat of arms of Oelde, Germany.
Coat of arms of Schleswig, Germany.
Coat of arms of Drogheda, Ireland.
Alpha Theta Sigma, Philippines.
Coat of arms of Mińsk Mazowiecki, Poland.
Coat of arms of Przeworsk, Poland.
Coat of arms of Tarnobrzeg, Poland.
Coat of arms of Tarnów, Poland.
Coat of arms of Sintra, Portugal.
Flag of Székely Land, Romania.
Coat of arms of Ronneby, Sweden.
Coat of arms of Ödeshög, Sweden.
Coat of arms of Terebovl, Ukraine.
Coat of arms of Ternopil, Ukraine.
Flag of Portsmouth, England.
Coat of arms of the Duke of Buccleuch, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Coat of Arms of the Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scotland, United Kingdom.
See also[edit]
- ^ In the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, see for example the 'Ur-Nammu stela' of ca. 2100-2200 BCE: "Over the king's head, at the top of the stela, is a very large star or radiant sun-disc, floating free within a crescent." Jeanny Vorys Canby, The "Ur-Nammu" Stela, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p18; In Central Asia and India see, for example, a coin issue of Chashtana (probably dating to the late first or early second century AD): "A rare type with crescent and star alone on the reverse is probably Chashtana's earliest issue, struck before he extended his power into Malwa." H.H. Dodwell (Ed.), The Cambridge Shorter History of India, Cambridge University Press, 1935, p83; early Mesopotamian and, much later, Sassanian examples of the 'star and crescent' motif are of course well known.
- ^ The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969) was explained in an English language booklet, The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem, issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown, cited after Jos Poels at FOTW, 1997) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness."
- ^ Edward E. Curtis, Black Muslim religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975 (2006), p. 157.
- ^ A.H. van Zyl, The Moabites, Brill, 1960, pp 111–112, 157–158
- ^ Othmar Keel, Christoph Uehlinger, Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel, Fortress Press, 1998, p322
- ^ Irving L. Finkel, Markham J. Geller, Sumerian Gods and Their Representations, Styx, 1997, p71
- ^ André Parrot, Sumer: The Dawn of Art, Golden Press, 1961
- ^ John Hansman, "The great gods of Elymais" in Acta Iranica, Encyclopédie Permanente Des Etudes Iraniennes, v.X, Papers in Honor of Professor Mary Boyce, Brill Archive, 1985, pp 229–232
- ^ Michael R. Molnar, The Star of Bethlehem, Rutgers University Press, 1999, p78
- ^ Andrew G. Traver, From Polis to Empire—The Ancient World c. 800 B.C.–A.D. 450, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p257
- ^ Yulia Ustinova, The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom, Brill, 1998, pp 270–274
- ^ B.C. McGing, The Foreign Policy of Mithradates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, Brill, 1986, p 97
- ^ Deniz Burcu Erciyas, "Wealth, Aristocracy, and Royal Propaganda Under The Hellenistic Kingdom of The Mithradatids in The Central Black Sea Region in Turkey", Colloquia Pontica Vol.12, Brill, 2005, p 131
- ^ "The star and crescent are common Persian symbols, being a regular feature of the borders of Sassanian dirhems." Philip Grierson, Byzantine Coins, Taylor & Francis, 1982, p118
- ^ Habibollah Ayatollahi (trans. Shermin Haghshenās), The Book of Iran: The History of Iranian Art, Alhoda UK, 2003, pp 155–157
- ^ Cathedral of Learning, University of Pittsburgh, the Turkish Nationality Room Dedication Book, March 4, 2012, p 3
- ^ "In 340 B.C., however, the Byzantines, with the aid of the Athenians, withstood a siege successfully, an occurrence the more remarkable as they were attacked by the greatest general of the age, Philip of Macedon. In the course of this beleaguerment, it is related, on a certain wet and moonless night the enemy attempted a surprise, but were foiled by reason of a bright light which, appearing suddenly in the heavens, startled all the dogs in the town and thus roused the garrison to a sense of their danger. To commemorate this timely phenomenon, which was attributed to Hecate, they erected a public statue to that goddess [...]" William Gordon Holmes, The Age of Justinian and Theodora, 2003 p 5-6; "If any goddess had a connection with the walls in Constantinople, it was Hecate. Hecate had a cult in Byzantium from the time of its founding. Like Byzas in one legend, she had her origins in Thrace. Since Hecate was the guardian of "liminal places", in Byzantium small temples in her honor were placed close to the gates of the city. Hecate's importance to Byzantium was above all as deity of protection. When Philip of Macedon was about to attack the city, according to the legend she alerted the townspeople with her ever-present torches, and with her pack of dogs, which served as her constant companions. Her mythic qualities thenceforth forever entered the fabric of Byzantine history. A statue known as the 'Lampadephoros' was erected on the hill above the Bosphorous to commemorate Hecate's defensive aid." Vasiliki Limberis, Divine Heiress, Routledge, 1994, p 126-127
- ^ Vasiliki Limberis, Divine Heiress, Routledge, 1994, p 15
- ^ "The earliest church in the Morea to include a saint holding a shield marked by the crescent and star may be St. John Chrysostom, which has been dated on the basis of style to ca. 1300 [...]" Angeliki E. Laiou, Roy P. Mottahedeh, The Crusades From the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, Dumbarton Oaks, 2001, p 278
- ^ "when we come to examine the history of the crescent as a badge of Muhammadanism, we are confronted by the fact that it was not employed by the Arabs or any of the first peoples who embraced the faith of the prophet"
The truth is that the crescent was not identified with Islam until after the appearance of the Osmanli Turks, whilst on the other hand there is the clearest evidence that in the time of the Crusades, and long before, the crescent and star were a regular badge of Byzantium and the Byzantine Emperors, some of whom placed it on their coins. William Ridgeway, "The Origin of the Turkish Crescent", in The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 38 (Jul. - Dec. 1908), pp. 241-258 (p 241)
- ^ Znamierowski Flags through the ages: A guide to the world of flags, banners, standards and ensigns, (2000) section 'the Muslim crescent', cited by Ivan Sache, FOTW, 11 March 2001
- ^ "After king Nasr ad din had fled to Cairo in 1397 to beg assistance against his cousin, the King of Nubia is depicted with a yellow flag with a white crescent but also with a yellow shield with a white crescent. At the same time the yellow crescented flag waves over all the Mameluk Empire. The flag of the Sultan of Egypt is yellow with three white crescents. From this we may conclude that any autonomy of the Nubian king was over at the time." http://www.hubert-herald.nl/SudanI.htm
- ^ Aldo Ziggiotto, Vessillologia dell' India — Paese principesco e feudale (1998)[page needed]
- ^ "It seems possible, though not certain, that after the conquest Mehmed took over the crescent and star as an emblem of sovereignty from the Byzantines. The half-moon alone on a blood red flag, allegedly conferred on the Janissaries by Emir Orhan, was much older, as is demonstrated by numerous references to it dating from before 1453. But since these flags lack the star, which along with the half-moon is to be found on Sassanid and Byzantine municipal coins, it may be regarded as an innovation of Mehmed. It seems certain that in the interior of Asia tribes of Turkish nomads had been using the half-moon alone as an emblem for some time past, but it is equally certain that crescent and star together are attested only for a much later period. There is good reason to believe that old Turkish and Byzantine traditions were combined in the emblem of Ottoman and, much later, present-day Republican Turkish sovereignty." Franz Babinger (William C. Hickman Ed., Ralph Manheim Trans.), Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, Princeton University Press, 1992, p 108
- ^ John Denham Parsons, The Non-Christian Cross, BiblioBazaar, 2007, p 69:
Moreover, the question is what the symbol of Constantinople was at the time it was captured by the Turks. And an inspection of the coins issued by the Christian rulers of that city during the thousand years and more it was in their hands, will reveal to the enquirer that though the crescent with a cross within its horns appears occasionally upon the coins of the Emperors of the East, and in one or two instances we see a cross of four equal arms with each extremity piercing a crescent, it is doubtful if a single example of the so-called "star and crescent" symbol can be found upon them."— John Denham Parsons, The Non-Christian Cross
- ^ "It is clear, however, that, whatever the origin, the crescent was used by Turkish states in various regions of Asia, and there is absolutely no reason to claim that it passed to the Ottomans from Byzantium" Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Gary Leiser (Trans.), Some Observations On The Influence Of Byzantine Institutions On Ottoman institutions, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1999, p 118
- ^ Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1977, pp 23-24.
- ^ Florida Department of Corrections. "People and Folk Nation Sets - Gang and Security Threat Group Awareness". Dc.state.fl.us. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Star and crescent.
|Look up ☪ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Charles Boutell. "Device of Star (or Sun) and Crescent". In: The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume XXXVI (New Series). London: John Nicols & Son, London, 1851, pp. 514–515. http://books.google.com/books/pdf/The_Gentleman_s_Magazine.pdf?id=ffMMN_clKR4C&output=pdf&sig=0SnjgHBVzek_Y7Hk4Ing5nJyH6I


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on Campaign 2001 is a guide to the political races in what
many are calling New York City's most significant campaign
season in modern history.
What is so significant about it?
the first time in memory, most political offices in the city
will be wide open to people who have neither money nor connections.
Why will the races be so open?
are two reasons. This year, a new law goes into effect that
limits the terms of New York City elected officials, forcing
the mass retirement of most incumbents in the city - including
the mayor, the comptroller, the public advocate, four of the
five borough presidents, and 36 of the 51 members of the City
Council. At the same time, a new campaign finance law kicks
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to collect four dollars of matching funds for every dollar
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on Campaign 2001 is a project of Gotham Gazette, a non-profit,
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group in the city (founded in 1897).
What's wrong with the way the regular press
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is for you to decide. And one of our regular features, Campaign
Trail, helps you to decide. Campaign Trail provides succinct
summaries and links to campaign articles in the commercial
Who are we?
Campaign Trail
Campaign Trail
In a 70-minute interview, Republican mayor
candidate Michael Bloomberg outlined his position
on a number of city issues. He supports surveillance
cameras in parks. He thinks pedestrian barriers
to control jaywalking have not worked. He
would push for salary increases for teachers,
police officers and other public workers.
And tax cuts will not be a priority. (New
York Times)
Three Bronx politicians imprisoned for trespassing
during a protest of the Navy's bombing exercises
on Vieques were freed after serving 37 days
of their 40-day sentences. Assemblyman Jose
Rivera, Bronx Democratic chairman Roberto
Ramirez and City Councilman Adolfo Carrion
left the Metropolitan Detention to cheers
from supporters.(Daily
Offering his position as a sane alternative
to Mayor Giuliani's war on the Port Authority,
Mark Green yesterday said that the agency's
lease on the airports should be extended,
but that the Authority should be restructured
to allow it to help for such city projects
as a Second Avenue Subway. (NY
Three of the Vieques Four leave jail today,
and "step into one of the toughest political
wars the Bronx has seen in a long, long time.
"It's nice being an incumbent. You can spend
money in the name of the taxpayers, and then
take credit for looking out for them." Examples:
a Peter Vallone invitation, a Fernando Ferrer
advertisement in the Amsterdam News, a Mark
Green newsletter, an Alan Hevesi event at
City Hall. (Newsday)
Three Bronx politicians, arrested for trespassing
to protest the Navy bombing range on Vieques,
say their jailing and their release tomorrow
could mark the beginning of a new political
era. Bronx Democratic Party Chairman Roberto
Ramirez, Assemblyman Jose Rivera and City
Councilmember Adolfo Carrion Jr., a candidate
for Bronx borough president, say they hope
to use the public attention they gained from
their arrest to galvanize black and Latino
voters, among others, into a powerful voting
bloc for this year's city elections. (Newsday)
A number of key labor organizations, including
the United Federation of Teachers, have not
yet endorsed anyone in the mayor's race. This
may partly be due to internal divisions in
the municipal employee unions over whom to
favor as well as fear of alienating the members'
next boss. But some experts see groups as
delaying their endorsements until they might
do the most good. The teachers, for example,
are expected to back Comptroller Alan Hevesi
but could be waiting to do so until that announcement
would give Hevesi the biggest boost, probably
in August. (Newsday)
In the public advocate race, though, one
union has made its choice. District 37, which
with 125,000 workers is the city's largest
municipal union, decided yesterday to back
City Councilmember Stephen DiBrienza. (Daily
Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer formally
announced his candidacy for mayor yesterday,
making the speech on a South Bronx corner
near where he grew up. Ferrer, who is hoping
to attract a coalition of black and Hispanic
voters, criticized Mayor Giuliani, calling
the last eight years "the era of the clenched
fist, the closed door, the locked gates at
City Hall, the harsh rhetoric and mean-spirited
policies that divide people and communities."
And he assailed his Democratic opponents for
saying "in effect, that they'll be Rudy
lite, or Rudy with a smile, or a kinder, gentler
Rudy." (Daily
Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer officially
announces his run for mayor today in Huntspoint.(Newsday)
The mayoral campaign of Michael Bloomberg
has already hit some early bumps in the road,
according to this Times article. Bloomberg
has distanced himself from his own television
ads. He praised the political skills of Hillary
Rodham Clinton then recanted and began attacking
her. And he gave an interview to gay newspapers
in which he gave support to extending domestic-partnership
benefits to employees of city contractors,
but then appeared to back away from that position
during the gay pride march. (NY
Republican mayoral hopeful Michael Bloomberg
yesterday pledged to appoint a deputy mayor
and a special multi-agency task force to focus
solely on affordable housing if he is elected.
Bill Thompson, former Board of Education
President who is running for city comptroller,
knew about cost overruns that escalated into
a $1.9 billion school-construction crisis,
according to the schools chancellor's office.
Deputy Chancellor Tony Shorris said Thompson
was notified in December that building costs
for new schools at the time were "hundreds
of millions of dollars" over budget. Thompson
admitted the chancellor's staff informed him
about cost overruns, but said it was not a
problem of "this magnitude." (NY
City Council district 37 in Brooklyn has
a five-way race for the Democratic primary.
But much of the focus of the campaign is on
candidates Erik Malave-Dilan and Ricky Perez,
and a feud between the two men who back them.
City Comptroller Alan Hevesi said yesterday
that on the major issues, there's virtually
no difference between the four Democratic
candidates for mayor - a remark that drew
the wrath of his rivals. Hevesi unveiled a
housing policy Council Speaker Peter Vallone
accused of stealing from him.(NY
Taking their cue from the role that black
churches have played in past elections for
African-American candidates, a group of Hispanic
evangelical leaders who say they represent
350,000 voters announced yesterday that they
were endorsing the Bronx borough president,
Fernando Ferrer, for mayor of New York City.
"It is a reality that we oppose gay marriages
and abortion and that all the candidates support
those issues," said the Rev. Adolfo Carrión,
a respected figure among Hispanic evangelists
in New York and the father of the City Council
member with the same name. "But there are
other things that are important in life, like
the education of our children, and we have
to be pragmatic." (NY
A second Queens Assembly member, Ivan Lafayette
from Jackson Heights, has bucked the borough's
Democratic machine and endorsed Bronx Borough
President Fernando Ferrer for mayor. (Daily
The six men vying to take over City Hall each
reached to embrace the rainbow flag yesterday,
as the Democratic and Republican mayoral candidates
joined in the annual celebration of gay pride
that once again turned a large swath of Midtown
and Lower Manhattan into a pulsating, gyrating
party. The main mayoral candidates, particularly
the Democrats, agree on most of the gay issues
facing the city today. (NY
Michael R. Bloomberg, a Republican candidate
for mayor, criticized one of his Democratic
opponents Fernando Ferrer yesterday for suggesting
blanket amnesty for illegal immigrants, saying
that local politicians should stick to local
issues (NY
The Department of Youth and Community Development
apparently has no problem getting by without
three of its top eight officials. Mario Bruno,
the $70,000-a-year assistant commissioner
for intergovernmental relations, quit on May
25 to work on Jim Molinaro's campaign for
Staten Island borough president. Joseph Kovac,
the $56,000-a-year special assistant to Commissioner
Jerry Cammarata, is currently "on vacation,"
also working for Molinaro. So is Cammarata
holding the place together? When a reporter
tried to reach him Wednesday, he was told
to call the Board of Education, where Cammarata
serves on the board and has a second office.
Mayoral candidates Alan Hevesi and Mark Green
are returning about $77,000 in campaign contributions
delivered in batches by a prominent New Jersey
developer and a Manhattan hotel executive
after ethical questions surfaced about the
gifts. (NY
Mayor hopeful Fernando Ferrer yesterday called
for blanket amnesty for undocumented aliens
- including an estimated half million in New
York City - and blasted the nation's immigration
policies as a "joke." (NY
Bundlers, people who amass campaign contributions
for a particular candidate, are playing a
major role in this year's mayoral campaign.
These collections, which are legal but under
scrutiny because of the city's tough campaign
finance law, have so far accounted for 43
percent of the money given to Comptroller
Alan Hevesi's campaign and for 37 percent
of contributions to Council Speaker Peter
Vallone. Many of the bundlers have a link
to city government. The biggest was Steve
Spinola, president of the Real Estate Board,
who lined up $176,775 for Vallone. (New
York Times)
Democratic mayoral hopeful Alan Hevesi will
return more than $25,000 in contributions
raised by Vijay Dandapani, a hotel executive
who in 1993 pleaded guilty and served a year
in prison for his involvement in an international
bank fraud scheme. (Daily
Investigators for Manhattan District Attorney
Robert Morgenthau are talking to two business
executives about their fund-raising efforts
for Comptroller Alan Hevesi's mayoral campaign.
The investigators are trying to determine
whether donations were improperly "bundled,"
or collected from individuals without their
knowledge or consent, a misdemeanor under
state election law. One of the executives
is Vijay Dandapani, chief operating officer
of Apple Core Hotels, who has bundled more
than $25,000 for Hevesi since 1999, according
to campaign-finance records. Campaign Finance
Board staff has asked Morgenthau to look into
fund-raising by Democratic mayoral candidates
Peter Vallone and Fernando Ferrer, but the
investigation of Hevesi is farther along.
One source told the Observer that Hevesi's
fund-raising statements contain more possible
discrepancies than those of his opponents.
York Observer)
A former consultant at the center of an investigation
into corruption in the city Buildings Department
testified yesterday that he had given gifts
to and arranged trips for Thomas Ognibene
so that the Republican City Councilmember
would help an associate get an influential
position in the Buildings Department. Ognibene
denied the allegations. The councilman cannot
run again because of term limits and had been
hoping for a state judgeship. He has not been
charged in the investigation, though eight
other people have. (Newsday)
Public Advocate Mark Green charged yesterday
that the mayor and police commissioner tainted,
subverted and undermined the NYPD internal
investigation of the four cops who fatally
shot Amadou Diallo. (Daily
The mayoral agenda of candidate Michael Bloomberg
may still be a work in progress, but he apparently
has some distinct ideas about where the political
press should be: far away from him. Bloomberg
joked yesterday that he would like to see
City Hall press room, commonly known as Room
9, moved to Staten Island. He has also suggested
that the role of mayor should be something
more akin to chief executive, which he now
happens to be, than civic shepherd. (NY
Until last week, Dennis Gallagher was a
good pick to replace his term-limited boss,
City Councilman Thomas Ognibene. But the campaign
for the Middle Village seat has turned after
revelations that the Manhattan district attorney's
office is investigating Ognibene's and Gallagher's
ties to a Buildings Department scandal. (Daily
News) And after a week of media silence,
Councilman Ognibene said yesterday that he
did not accept free trips, money or gifts.
With term limits forcing many City Council
members from office, the few who are eligible
for reelection enjoy the fact that incumbents
seldom lose.(Daily
Though Fernando Ferrer is leading among
Latinos, who make up about a quarter of the
city's voting-age population, the other mayoral
candidates are actively courting Latinos,
who are seen as pivotal in the race. (NY
Ferrer is gaining strength and Hevesi losing
it, according to the latest poll, by NY-1,
which reported Green at 23 percent; Ferrer,
21; Hevesi, 10; Vallone, 9. The poll found
that each of the four would defeat Michael
Bloomberg. (Daily
Democratic mayoral hopeful Alan Hevesi is
paying people off the street $10 an hour to
collect signatures to get his name on the
ballot, breaking a longstanding tradition
of using volunteers. (Daily
Sandra Roper, a lawyer in private practice,
is planning to challenge incumbent Brooklyn
District Attorney Charles Hynes in the Democratic
primary. Roper, who originally planned to
run for the City Council, said she decided
to run after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled
that police can arrest people accused of an
offense punishable only with a fine. "At
the district attorney level," Roper says,
"there's so much you can do to stop this
kind of thing from getting out of hand."
She also cited Hynes' opposition to repeal
of the Rockefeller drug laws as a reason for
her candidacy. (Courier-Life Newspapers)
The NYC dailies have become a variation of
Bloomberg News Service: Michael Bloomberg
appeared for the first time in a debate with
his Democratic rivals for mayor. (NY
Michael Bloomberg said he would probably
not move into Gracie Mansion if he wins the
mayoralty of New York. (NY
He has been on the campaign trail for merely
a dozen days, but Michael Bloomberg already
has shown that he can be a man of contradictions.
Bloomberg characterized the city's campaign-finance
program as giving "career politicians tax
dollars to get a new job." Two days ago, he
insisted the ad did not criticize his rivals
or the system but merely stated why he was
funding his own campaign. As the only major
mayoral candidate who has never run for office,
Bloomberg is a political neophyte - a fact
he paints as an advantage. But his inexperience
has left him vulnerable to misstatements and
awkwardly delivered remarks. Yet in a race
devoid of much star quality, Bloomberg is
trying to fill the void. (Daily
Under attack by his Democratic opponents and
proponents of campaign finance reform, Michael
R. Bloomberg yesterday backed away from his
criticism of the city's campaign finance program,
in which all the major mayoral candidates
except for Bloomberg are participating. (NY
Republican mayoral hopeful Michael Bloomberg
enjoyed an unusual, publicized sit-down yesterday
with Board of Education president Ninfa Segarra,
who then praised the billionaire media mogul's
education plan. (NY
State Sen. Marty Markowitz rounded out the
race for Brooklyn borough president yesterday
with an official announcement of his candidacy.
The convictions of the so called Vieques
Four--Rev. Al Sharpton, City Councilman Adolfo
Carrión Jr., Assemblyman José
Rivera and Roberto Ramirez, the Bronx Democratic
Party chairman--were upheld in a federal appeals
court yesterday. (New
York Times)
Surrounded by men who have battled prostate
cancer in recent years, Herman Badillo, Republican
mayoral candidate, announced yesterday that
18 months ago he was told he had the same
disease. (New
York Times)
Michael Bloomberg faces two big obstacles
as he seeks to become New York's second Republican
mayor in a row. For one, he's not Rudy Giuliani.
For another, he's not running against David
Dinkins. (New
York Observer)
Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer today
launched a series of radio ads for his mayoral
campaign that focus on his differences with
Mayor Giuliani. (Newsday)
Michael Bloomberg's latest television ad
highlights his not-quite rags-to-riches story.
It relates how the Republican mayoral candidate
went from being an accountant's son who parked
cars to help pay his college expenses to billionaire
media mogul. (Daily
The best laid plans in City Council District
30 seem to have gone awry. Incumbent Republican
City Councilman Thomas Ognibene was to have
been named to a judgeship on the state Court
of Claims and leave office early, paving the
way for a nonpartisan special election this
summer. The thinking was that, as the lone
Republican, Ognibene aide Dennis Gallagher
would have an easy time against a field of
Democrats in the race, keeping the seat in
GOP hands. Now, however, both Ognibene and
Gallagher have been implicated, though not
charged, in a criminal investigation alleging
that the councilman received favors from a
building consultant in return for exercising
his political clout at the city Buildings
Department on the consultant's behalf. An
unnamed official says Governor Pataki is aware
of the charges, originally reported in this
week's Village Voice, and has no immediate
plans to name Ognibene to the judgeship. Gallagher
was not available for comment. (Newsday)
The Conservative Party yesterday announced
its candidates for the three city-wide offices,
and none are exactly household names. (New
York Post)
Likening himself to John Kennedy, Republican
mayoral candidate Michael Bloomberg told a
London newspaper that his big bank account
gives him an appeal and glamor his less wealthy
opponents can't match. (Daily
Al Sharpton made it official yesterday that
he's not running for mayor. In a jailhouse
interview, Sharpton, who is serving time for
trespassing on Navy land to protest the Navy
bombing of the Puerto Rican island of Vieques,
said he would, however, endorse a mayoral
candidate. As for himself, Sharpton says he
can have more impact on the national front
and so is exploring a run for the White House
Signatures are the hottest political commodity
as some 349 candidates continue their frenzied
drive for enough names to qualify for September's
ballot. The pen-bearing citizens who accost
you as you go about your daily business see
themselves as the foot soldiers for democracy.
Michael Bloomberg gave his first policy speech
yesterday as a candidate for mayor, about
education. He favors abolishing the Board
of Education and handing over failing schools
to private companies. He would require students
to wear school uniforms, and order teachers
or other school employees to make home visits
to every student. (NY
Terrance M. Gray, a registered Republican
and a lawyer from Queens, announced yesterday
that he was running for mayor with the support
of the city's Conservative Party. He lost
no time in attacking the candidate whom he
clearly sees as his major rival, billionaire
Michael Bloomberg. "He's a Democrat running
for the Republican nomination," Gray said.
"Hillary Clinton's been a New Yorker longer
than he's been a Republican.(NY
Mayoral candidate Mark Green calls on the
governor for ten million dollars to convert
diesel school buses so that students with
asthma are less at risk. (Daily
Senator John McCain said yesterday he disagreed
with mayoral candidate Michael Bloomberg's
criticism of New York's campaign-finance program
but would support his campaign anyway.(Daily
The four Democratic mayoral candidates jostled
for support before the city's largest municipal
union, District Council 37, last night. (Newsday)
Story of Felipe Luciano, running for City
Council in district 8 (Daily
Senator John McCain said he hopes to campaign
for Michael Bloomberg in Ne York. (It is not
clear whether McCain is aware of Bloomberg's
stand against the public financing of campaigns)
The city's six major mayoral candidates courted
Hispanic voters as they marched up Fifth Ave.
yesterday in the annual National Puerto Rican
Day Parade.(Daily
News) (NY
With all the mayoral candidates in agreement
that fixing the schools is their No. 1 mission,
they have been dueling for months to see who
can find the most school crises, who noticed
them first and who has the best answers. How
would they fix the schools? Although the four
Democrats largely agree about what needs to
be done, each has a magic bullet that he uses
in virtually every speech: Public Advocate
Mark Green talks about how he'll shift money
from jails to schools in order to lower class
sizes. Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer
calls for a 30 percent raise in teacher salaries.
City Council Speaker Peter Vallone says he
can increase education funding by $500 million
a year using real estate tax revenues. City
Comptroller Alan Hevesi wants to extend school
into the evening, the weekend and even the
summer. For Republican candidate Herman Badillo,
it is to end "social promotions." Michael
Bloomberg's first policy speech, Monday night,
will be on education. (Newsday)
The Hispanic Society, the New York Police
Department's oldest Hispanic officers organization,
yesterday endorsed City Comptroller Alan Hevesi
in his run for mayor, over the two Hispanic
candidates in the race, Fernando Ferrer and
Herman Badillo. (NY
Thomas Ognibene will not leave the City Council
early for a judgeship, in a strategic move
seen as intending to help keep the seat in
district 30 Republican. (Daily
A group of the city's largest developers and
landlords have pledged to raise $250,000 for
each of the four major Democratic candidates
for mayor. Contributions from brokers, developers,
lawyers and landlords account for more contributions
than any other single industry. (NY
Billionaire mayoral candidate Michael Bloomberg's
third television commercial attacks the city's
campaign finance program to which all five
of his major rivals for mayor subscribe. "I'm
not a professional politician, and I intend
to finance my own campaign," he says in the
commercial. Good-government groups accused
him of taking the low road in attacking what
is often held up as a model campaign finance
program. (NY
Billionaire Republican mayoral candidate
Michael Bloomberg yesterday promised to release
his tax returns next month - but his chief
spokesman later backpedaled, promising only
to release "financial disclosure" information
that candidates must file by July.(NY
Republican mayoral hopeful Herman Badillo
discovered a year ago that he had prostate
cancer. His spokesman showed letters from
his doctors that he is now cancer-free and
medically fit to serve as mayor. (NY
Herman Badillo, Puerto Rican orphan turned
first Puerto Rican Congressman, Bronx borough
president, city commissioner, deputy mayor,
formally announced his fourth run for mayor
of New York City. The themes of his campaign
will be crime reduction, educational reform
and urban renewal. He challenged his rival
for the Republican nomination, Michael Bloomberg,
to weekly debates in English and Spanish.
his second day of campaigning, Michael Bloomberg
said that the race for mayor of New York City
should be nonpartisan, that the candidates
should appear without party affiliation on
the ballot. "This is about delivering services,
rather than ideology," he said. (NY
Party chief Michael Long said a "real Republican"
will step forward next week as the Conservative
Party's mayoral candidate. That could siphon
votes from Bloomberg, who would already lose
against any of the Democratic candidates,
according to the latest poll.(Daily
candidate Mark Green still leading in latest
poll. (Newsday)
Carrion, who just finished a week-long hunger
strike, has some trouble running for Bronx
borough president stuck in jail serving 40
days for protesting the Navy bombing exercises
in Vieques, Puerto Rico. But his incarceration
could inspire the Latinos of the Bronx. (NY
Queens district attorney is looking into allegations
that Queens councilmember Al Stabile, candidate
for Queens borough president, mishandled hundreds
of thousands of dollars from a Little League
he ran for 23 years. "There's no money to
take,"Stabile replied. (NY
Gadson officially announced for Brooklyn borough
president. (Daily
In his first official day on the campaign
trail, Republican mayoral candidate and billionaire
Michael Bloomberg made an array of stops,
visiting every borough but Brooklyn. The media
mogul received lots of attention but at times
demonstrated how new he is to politics. In
an appearance at a city-funded senior center
in Queens, one of the locales Mayor Giuliani
has declared off-limits for Democratic candidates,
Bloomberg said cryptically that "everybody
is a human being, and I think we have forgotten
that. We all want to watch TV and not talk
to other people." More substantively,
Bloomberg said he wanted to do for schools
what Giuliani has done to crime. Bloomberg's
challenger for the Republican nomination,
Herman Badillo, is expected to formally announce
his candidacy today. (Daily
Carrion Jr., who is running for Bronx borough
president, says he doesn't doesn't want his
Vieques jail term to become an issue in the
campaign. Carrion, along with Rev. Al Sharpton
and two other Bronx politicians, is serving
a prison sentence for trespassing May 1 during
a protest of Navy bombing exercises on the
Puerto Rican island. Although he is the Democratic
Party organization1s candidate for the borough
presidency, Carrion faces a stiff challenge
from State Sen. Pedro Espada Jr., as well
as City Councilmember June Eisland and Ronald
Law, a onetime aide to former Sen Daniel Moynihan.
the City's Uniformed Firefighters Association
is not set to endorse Alan Hevesi's mayoral
campaign until today at earliest, the union
has already gathered at least $16,000 in contributions
for the comptroller. Some of the money comes
from investment advisers to firefighter and
other city pension funds, a practice that
could be banned under legislation pending
before the City Council. City campaign finance
records show that union vice president Michael
Carter was an intermediary for donations made
to Hevesi by executives at Alliance Capital
Management and the Cypress Group, which handle
millions of dollars in city pension funds.
Carter and a campaign spokesman said the contributions
are entirely legal. (New
York Times)
The Republican primary for mayor of New York
City lost all the tidiness that party leaders
had hoped for yesterday as two men, Herman
Badillo and Michael Bloomberg, one a perpetual
candidate and the other a billionaire political
neophyte, announced that they were entering
a now messy, peculiar race. (NY
Badillo resigned yesterday as chairman of
the City University of New York board of trustees,
saying he wanted to focus his energy on campaigning
for mayor. (Daily
has been trying to entice one of Mayor Rudolph
Giuliani's deputies, Rudy Washington, to become
his running mate as public advocate if he
wins the GOP primary, sources say, a move
that would racially integrate the ticket while
promising continuity with Giuliani's administration.
Independence Party has chosen Assemblyman
Robert Straniere (R-S.I.) as its candidate
for Staten Island borough president, guaranteeing
him a place on the ballot in November. (Daily
Avella, a Democratic candidate for the 19th
City Council District seat, proposed a 10-point
plan to solve neighborhood traffic problems
that includes permitting a task force of citizens,
transportation experts and officials to determine
ways to crack down on aggressive drivers and
speeders in residential areas.(Daily
mayoral candidate Alan Hevesi was eased through
a Long Island Expressway traffic jam with
an emergency siren sounding and lights flashing
yesterday-in apparent violation of the law.
Hevesi wasn't on city business, he was headed
to a midday interview with Gabe Pressman on
the mayoral race in a chauffeur-driven city
car, his office confirmed.(Newsday)
The text of Michael Bloomberg's television
commercial announcing his run for mayor, airing
on NY1, WCBS-TV, WNYW-TV, WNBC-TV, WABC-TV
no place like New York -- I love this city.
But we know, this town's a tough place to
govern. A strong mayor at City Hall has
made a big difference. Today, crime is down;
New York City is doing better. My name is
Mike Bloomberg - and I'm running for mayor
-- to build on what's been accomplished
-- not tear it down.
spent my whole adult life in New York City,
raising a family, creating jobs, helping
others. Managing. Teaching. Leading. My
experience has taught me how to get things
done: bring people together, solve problems;
be honest, shoot straight; hold myself accountable
for results. When you make a promise, you
keep a promise.
back to politics as usual in New York City
is crazy.
we'll keep making progress on crime. And
if we bring the same energy and same focus
that made our streets safer and use it to
improve public schools and public health
care, this great city will be even better.
Thank you."
no place like New York -- I love this city.
But we know, this town's a tough place to
govern. A strong mayor at City Hall has
made a big difference. Today, crime is down;
New York City is doing better. My name is
Mike Bloomberg - and I'm running for mayor
-- to build on what's been accomplished
-- not tear it down.
spent my whole adult life in New York City,
raising a family, creating jobs, helping
others. Managing. Teaching. Leading. My
experience has taught me how to get things
done: bring people together, solve problems;
be honest, shoot straight; hold myself accountable
for results. When you make a promise, you
keep a promise.
back to politics as usual in New York City
is crazy.
we'll keep making progress on crime. And
if we bring the same energy and same focus
that made our streets safer and use it to
improve public schools and public health
care, this great city will be even better.
Thank you."
season begins today. As of yesterday, 348
candidates have filed with the Campaign Finance
Board for matching funds. They will now be
going door to door to get enough signatures
to appear on the primary ballot. (Daily News)
As Michael Bloomberg begins his campaign for
mayor, by running 60-second television ads
today, Mayor Rudy Giuliani said he "would
certainly know how to run the City of New
York." (NY
Green greeted rival Michael Bloomberg's entry
into the campaign with a "Dear Mike" letter
yesterday, asking the billionaire why he left
the Democrats to join "the party of George
W. Bush and Dick Cheney." (Daily
borough president candidate Adolfo Carrion,
one of the Vieques 4 jailed for a protest
against the Navy bombing of the Puerto Rican
island, is ending his hunger strike. (Newsday)
Raffaele has dropped out of the race for City
Council in district 25, Jackson Heights. Insiders
say the Queens machine has offered her a district
leadership as well as future consideration
for her husband for a judicial post. (Daily
Analysis of the race for mayor of New York
City from a conservative perspective: "It
was corruption that the New York City Democrats
stood for even more than liberalism," and
the reason why Giuliani won. So whoever the
new mayor will be, while personally honest
himself, he may usher in a new era of corruption.
The Liberal Party has endorsed Alan Hevesi
for mayor (NY
choice of Hevesi could create a three-way
race in November and splinter the Democratic
vote. The party also endorsed City Councilman
Herbert Berman for comptroller and Assemblyman
Scott Stringer for public advocate.(Daily
Green marched with striking maintenance workers
in East New York. (NY
The municipal elections in New York City this
year have attracted a record number of candidates
to the campaign finance program, with 324
enrolled as of the deadline yesterday, although
that total will most likely jump even more
once applications in the mail are counted.
As of yesterday evening, 16 people had signed
up to run for mayor, 8 for public advocate
and 2 for comptroller.(NY
R. Bloomberg, the Republican billionaire,
plans to announce his candidacy for mayor
on Tuesday in a 60-second television commercial
on channels 2,4,5 and 7 in which he introduces
himself to voters.(NY
Assemblyman Scott Stringer formally announced
his candidacy for public advocate yesterday,
the third candidate to do so. (NY
Peter Vallone officially announced his candidacy
to be the mayor of New York City yesterday.
Michael Bloomberg has been buying air time
for a TV blitz that will begin Tuesday and
last at least three days. (Daily
Willie Colón, the salsa performer and
onetime candidate for Congress, withdrew from
the race for Bronx borough president and endorsed
a former rival, State Senator Pedro Espada
Jr. Colón said he had decided instead to run
for public advocate. (NY
Alan Hevesi insists his audits netted the
city many millions of dollars in savings over
his two terms, citing "recurring" benefits
such as those from a major review of school-bus
contracts. (Newsday)
Campaign Trail
My Street Address:
My ZIP Code:
Find what city council district you are
in -- and learn more about what's going on there, and
who's running.
What is this?
Gotham Gazette's Searchlight on Campaign 2001 offers a comprehensive
look at what is being called New York City's most significant
campaign season in modern history. (See the left-hand column
for an explanation).
1 -- Lower Manhattan
Whoever wins the election in district 1 will represent immigrant
Chinese garment workers, as well as Wall Street traders living
in Battery Park City. There are several candidates hoping
to be the council's firsts -- the first Asian-American man,
the first Asian-American woman, the first gay Rhodes Scholar,
the first dot-com guru -- running against some politically
well connected opponents. Endorsements and fundraising will
play a big role in this race. But voter turnout could be the
main determinant of who will next represent district 1 on
the council. The key question is how many voters from each
community will come out on Election Day.
7 -- Washington Heights, Manhattan
The northern tip of Manhattan has become one of the most popular
places for new immigrants to call home. The northern tip of
Manhattan is a place that today's new immigrants call home.
The majority have come from the Dominican Republic, but also
from countries in South America, Eastern Europe, and Asia.
But it is not just new immigrants that are moving in. Students,
artists, and other Manhattanites looking for less expensive
rents and larger apartments have also moved north. Ten Democratic
candidates are competing for the 15,000 voters expected on
primary day. The winner who emerges from a crowded field of
candidates will have to balance the needs of the newcomers
with those who have lived there for years.
16 -- Highbridge, Bronx
The neighborhoods of district 16 are the city's poorest, with
the highest rate of unemployment and the lowest median household
income. But those who live there also point out that much
is positive and stable about the area, thanks in large part
to local organizations, not-for-profit agencies, and houses
of worship that help hold the neighborhoods together. Each
candidate for City Council believes that through his or her
connections to churches and local organizations, they can
help empower the community toward a better life. Helen Foster,
the current council member daughter, will face Michael Benjamin,
who has worked as an aide to several government officials
and Anthony Curry, a Bronx neighborhood activist.
20 -- Northeast Flushing, Queens
This year district 20 may elect the first Asian-American ever
to the City Council to an area which now has the second highest
number of immigrants from Korea and Taiwan in the city. There
are three Asian candidates in the Democratic race who have
each drawn big endorsements. Council Speaker Peter Vallone
endorsed Terence Park, City Comptroller Alan Hevesi endorsed
John Liu, and the New York Times recently endorsed Ethel Chen
The campaign has also drawn national and international press
25 -- Jackson Heights, Queens
Thirty-seventh Avenue in Jackson Heights, Queens is one of
the most diverse streets in the world. Little India quickly
blends into Little Colombia, with vendors selling Latin American
food to Colombians, Peruvians, Ecuadorians, Mexicans, and
Uruguayans. And each summer, the Queens Pride Parade fills
the same street with rainbow banners. So it is no surprise
that this election year the district produced a diverse field
of candidates. A number of them, however, found out that getting
on the ballot is not an easy task, especially when the Queens
Democratic organization sends teams of lawyers to challenge
petitions. But five Democratic candidates survived and will
face off on September 11.
31 -- South East Queens
When a heavy rain hits southeast Queens, many residents in
neighborhoods like Springfield Gardens, Laurelton and Rosedale
head to the basement with a bucket in hand. And it has been
that way for the last 50 years. In the rush to build housing
in the area after World War II, developers overlooked the
need for storm drains in hopes that the city would eventually
build a city-wide sewer system. The plan never materialized
and the area has experienced "100-year rains" three times
in the last decade. The eight Democrats -- all with little
experience overseeing massive infrastructure projects--will
try to convince voters that they can finally solve the flooding
35 -- Central Brooklyn
The residents in council district 35 have some of the highest
incomes in Brooklyn and some of the lowest. They can play
in a famous park and a beautiful botanical garden, and live
in the city's most crumbling public housing. They can attend
one of the four institutions of higher learning in the district,
and the worst-scoring high schools in the city. Such juxtapositions
are a way of life for a district that includes the Brooklyn
Academy of Music, the Brooklyn Museum, and the Brooklyn Botanical
Gardens; mid dle-class African-American communities near Prospect
Park; immigrant communities from Haiti, Sierra Leon, Nigeria,
and Trinidad, and in Crown Heights, a mix of Hasidic Jews
and African-Americans. Seven Democratic candidates are campaigning
in hopes that they can bring some kind of unity, and attention,
to the area. Their backgrounds are as diverse as the neighborhoods
39 -- Park Slope/Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn
The candidates in district 39 include a chief of staff for
an Assemblywoman, the husband of a member of U.S. Congress,
a lawyer for the Legal Aid Society, an attorney and president
of the Central Brooklyn Independent Democrats, Senator Hillary
Clinton's campaign manager, the district manager of Community
Board 6, and a labor organizer. This is the race to watch
this year. The group of high-profile Democrats have raised
a lot of money, almost $1.4 million combined.
45 -- East Flatbush
In no place in the city are the effects of campaign finance
reform and term limits being felt more than in East Flatbush.
The seven Democratic candidates seeking to represent this
largely West Indian district come from a number of Caribbean
nations. Many have been working on politicians' staffs and
serving with community groups, clearly hoping someday to win
their own elected office. Term limits has presented them with
that opportunity, and they want to make the most of it. But
this race that usually draws only about 8,000 voters could
be decided by just a few votes. The candidates are attempting
to come up with anything that will separate them from the
49 -- North Shore, Staten Island
Staten Island has always been somewhat of a suburban stepchild
to New York City. When a 1998 survey asked New Yorkers why
they go to Staten Island, the top two responses were ''visiting
friends and relatives" and ''passing through.'' But in many
ways, the north shore has more in common with areas of Manhattan
and Brooklyn than with the rest of the Staten Island. The
top priority for all the candidates -- Jon Del Giorno, an
administrative manager for the Board of Elections, Mike McMahon,
an attorney and counsel to current Councilmember Jerome O'Donovan,
and Debi Rose, an administrator at the College of Staten Island
and the first African-American candidate in Staten Island
politics -- is to make sure that the island becomes more than
just a turn-around-point for the over one million tourists
who ride the free ferry from Manhattan each year.
Links You Can Use
NYC Campaign Finance Bd.
NYC Board of Elections
Voter Assistance Comm.
NY City Council
Federal Election Comm.
non-partisan sites
NY League of Women Voters
Cause New York
non-partisan sites
Ctr. for Responsive Politics
Common Cause
League of Women Voters
Voter Empowerment
Vote Smart
Amer. Assc. of Pol.
New York
The Empire Page
Campaigns and Elections
Right to Life
Working Families
Law Party
Taxpayers Party
clubs and groups
Blueprint Camp.
Finance Reform
Queens Greens
Jefferson Democratic Club of Flushing
Young Republican Club
Democratic Club
Independent Dems.
2001 Election
1 -- Deadline for candidates to join the Campaign Finance
program, qualifying for the four-to-one match of contributions.
5 - First day for candidates from the eight major parties
(Democratic, Republican, Indpendence, Conservative, Liberal,
Green, Working Families, and Right to Life) to circulate
petitions. Candidates running for City Council must collect
the signatures of at least 900 people living in the district
for which they are running in order to appear on the Primary
ballot. Candidates not running under these eight major parties
do not appear on the Primary ballot and have a separate
set of deadlines.
July 12 - Deadline for major party candidates to
file petitions.
July 10 - First day for unaffiliated candidates to
circulate petitions, in order to appear on the ballot in
the General Election. They must collect the number of signatures
equal to five percent of the total enrolled in that party.
August 7 - Board of Elections announces candidates
appearing on the Primary ballot.
August 17 - Last day for non-absentee voters to register
to vote in the Primary Election.
August 21 - Deadline for non-major party candidates
to file petitions to be included on the General Election
September 4 - Last day to postmark application for
absentee voting in the Primary
September 10 - Last day to personally deliver application
for absentee voting in the Primary Last day to postmark
absentee ballot for Primary
September 11 - Primary election; Polls open at 6:00a.m.
and close at 9:00p.m.; Absentee ballots must be hand-delivered
by 9:00 p.m.
September 25 - Runoff Primary election for Mayor,
Comptroller and Public Advocate, if needed
October 12 - Last day to for non-absentee voters
to register to vote in the General Election
October 30 - Last day to postmark application for
absentee voting in the General Election
November 5 - Last day to hand-deliver an application
for absentee voting, or to postmark an absentee ballot for
the General Election.
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April 9, 2012: Fan of the Day
Monday, 04.9.2012 / 8:00 AM ET
Suzanne M. of Penn Hills, PA
Tell us about your favorite Penguins memory: I had a blast going to the last game and seeing the new statue.
Who is your favorite Penguins player (past or present)?: Marc-Andre Fleury
On a game day I usually...: Wear my Pens gear to work. Shirt, pony tail, earrings, socks.


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Where Do You Get Started?
Airshow season is gearing up and with the growing interest in aviation photography, the question keeps coming in, "where do you get started?" Just asking that question is a great place to start and you want to keep asking questions. A great place to start is just getting to know your subject, the aircraft. Knowing your subject is not only important in writing, it's important in photography. A plane is not a plane is not a plane. One of the very cool aspects of aviation photography is how many love a specific type of aircraft yet all come together with their passion for aviation. For illustrating my points, I'm going to use the gorgeous F8F Bearcat from the SoCal CAF
Airshows offer a huge variety of aircraft from modern jets to the early Wright Brothers. The Bearcat is in the group known as warbirds. It's a great plane just parked on the ramp, tall and mighty. Now you might not have any clue in the beginning what kind of plane you might like, so simply search on the airshow you want to attend and look at the aircraft coming to that show and start there. Then once you find a particular aircraft that simply looks cool to you, start looking on the web for photos of that aircraft. That's how it all begins. You don't stop there but that's a great place to begin. With that knowledge, you then head to that airshow ready for bear. Get it, Bearcat, bear …. couldn't pass it up!
It doesn't take much gear to start with, a DLSR and lens like a 70-200, 70-300 or 80-400 and that's it. With gear in hand, head to the airshow and find that aircraft that excites your photography (for all around airshow photography, check out my KelbyTraining class). Once you find that aircraft, you start looking for the light. Never loose sight it's all about the light. Then look for design elements of the light playing off that aircraft. You look for that light while it's parked (statics), in the air (ground to air) and everywhere else. And when that aircraft you liked isn't available, you start to look at others using the same tactics. This is of course, just a starting point but it gives you a solid base to keep building. Because as I warn everyone at the start, don't blame me if you get hooked.