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Your book review editor sent me a letter the other day:
Dear Ian, This delightful book is by a man whom I know you admire. Even I, old and tired as I am, enjoyed dipping into it... and well he might. It is a delightful volume albeit overfancified by the publisher and inflated in price, but nonetheless a gem. As a former indentured apprentice of this master of the romance of bacteriology I can see him throw his heart and soul—aye, even a measure of his thyroid—into these lectures for high-school students. The applause, according to Dr. Bronk in the introduction, was deafening and well it might be, because this record of the lectures written with felicity and beauty stirs within one a swelling pride in the accomplishments of the "domestication" of microbial life. Similarly, it is bound to light a fire in many high-school students bursting with potential energy
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SEBRING—When Highlands Hammock State Park acquired the 700-acre Seven Lakes Property, off C.R. 635, it was used for grazing cattle.
The open grounds, dotted with seven ponds or lakes and a mix of pines, oaks, palmettos and grasses, was overgrown but had the potential to be pristine land, said the park's assistant manager Charlie Brown.
Today, park officials are restoring the area to what "Original Florida" once was and preserving it for future generations to enjoy even as development inevitably marches on.
"We are trying, as best as we can, with what information we have, to make it look like the way it was before the European man got here," Brown said.
Park manager Brian Pinson said spread over the Seven Lakes Property, which is surrounded by homes, is an oasis of seven fragile ecosystems and some rare species, making it an unique piece of ecological land.
A long time ago, when the ocean levels were higher, most of peninsular Florida was under water except for a narrow, sandy ridge-- called the Lake Wales Ridge.
The plants and animals that thrived on the Ridge's hardy landscape are found no where else in the world.
Cities and towns, such as Sebring, Lake Placid and Avon Park, are now straddling Old Florida's Ridge, edging out the plants and animals that once called it home, except in preserved pockets such as Seven Lakes.
"We are trying to save the diversity of plants and animals," Brown said.
Tiny yellow wildflowers called xyris and the blossoms of the marsh-pink danced in the breeze, hundreds of them ringing one of the Seven Lakes' big ponds.
A solitary snake bird was drying itself.
Bands of plant types have made their home around the pond, depending on which part of the lake-front soil best suits their needs. From the air, the depression pond, ringed with layers of vegetation, looks like a bull's eye, said park ranger Mike Sawyer.
Those who are in the ecology business will tell you how important fire is in Florida's forests.
Native plants and animals depend on fire to burn off excess vegetation and preserve the delicate ecological balance that keeps them all alive and in sync.
These days, natural resource officials use ecological burns, or prescribed burns, to replicate forest wildfires, which keeps nature's harmony humming, and Seven Lakes is no exception.
"It's a web," Sawyer said of the delicate ecological interdependence. "It's very complex."
Over the last couple of years, park officials have stepped up prescribed burns to accomplish their goals for Seven Lakes. One of those is to control the number of sand pines, native to scrub habitat but highly invasive -- meaning they can take over an ecosystem and crowd everything else out -- and reduce the height of sand live oak trees.
A few charred remains of sand pines lay on the ground after a 105-acre burn about the middle of May, but nature doesn't take that long to recycle.
Popping out of the bare ground were clumps of saw palmettos and even tiny yellow star grass, in bloom, helped by the nutrients the ecological burn released. .
Brown said in about a year, what looks bare now will proliferate with vegetation, and its growth will help animals and birds that forage on them.
As if on cue, a family of Florida Scrub-Jays started singing in the pine trees. These gray-and-blue birds live in the rare oak scrub and are considered threatened and hard to find except in preserved habitats such as Seven Lakes.
Seven Lakes is open to the public and its hours are the same as Highlands Hammock. Entry fee is $2 a vehicle, and while the park is not manned by rangers, the entry fee can be dropped off in blue envelopes that are available at the entrance.
Brown and Sawyer want the community to enjoy the property, and while motorized vehicles have to be parked in the parking lot, there are several walking trails along with catch-and-release fishing.
There are also two picnic pavilions, which can be reserved for a family outing, by calling Highlands Hammock. Rest rooms are also available
Sawyer said he knows people who come there every day, just to soak in the serenity. Plus, the place teems with wildlife and the charm of what was once Florida before the theme parks and the tourists.
"We have the wide open spaces and people are able to see the wildlife without interruption from cars," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


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Classification: Exempt – Ronin Recommends: PG
Runtime: 53 min
Produced In: Australia
Directed By: Paul Roy
Produced By: Paul Roy
Language: English
A DYING SHAME examines the plight of Aboriginal health in Australia. Through the personal stories of families and individuals within the Aboriginal community in Borroloola in the Northern Territory, this film reveals the human tragedy behind the bald statistics of Aboriginal health.
Aboriginal health has always been an area neglected by Australian governments. Millions of dollars are needed to bring Aboriginal people on par with other Australians. A Dying Shame reveals the human tragedy behind the shocking health statistics in Australia.
A Dying Shame is a documentary that tells personal stories of families and individuals within the remote Aboriginal community in Borroloola (Northern Territory).
The movie was shot over nine months and documents the struggles of Aboriginal people and their families who have to cope with poor health and an ineffectual health system, said to be 'one of the most inequitable health services in the Western world'.
A Dying Shame is also a story of hope and courage of individuals fighting against the odds.


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SEP 23, 2013 - The Guardian
A Must Read - Share
Nine held after haul worth as much as £170m allegedly smuggled on Air France flight from Caracas to ParisThree Britons are among nine people arrested on two continents over the smuggling of 1.3 tonnes of cocaine on an Air France flight from Caracas to Paris, the South American nation's public prosecutor's office said on Sunday.Venezuela has arrested three national guard officials for their alleged involvement in the haul, valued at as much as €200m (£170m). The prosecutor's office said the three Britons and three Italians had been detained in Paris.Public prosecutors in Venezuela will charge
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updated 09/24/13 06:31 AM
Capital Requirements in Focus
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) Chairman Debbie Matz announced in July that the agency is considering changes to risk-based net worth requirements that would apply to credit unions with assets of more than $50 million. The 7 percent well-capitalized standard was established in 1998 and is a one-size-fits-all requirement.
Sharon Lindeman, Vice President of Regulatory Advocacy for the California and Nevada Credit Union Leagues
During the financial crisis, we saw credit unions that held risky assets fail even though they held greater than 7 percent capital before the crisis. As a result, NCUA believes that those credit unions having a higher risk tolerance should also have a higher capital requirement.
NCUA cannot change the 7 percent minimum for "well capitalized," but they can—by regulation—subject credit unions to risk-based net worth requirements.
At the California and Nevada Credit Union Leagues' Hike the Hill event in September, Chairman Matz indicated that a proposal is "coming soon," but it would not be implemented quickly, and there would be a reasonable period of implementation. She also indicated the proposal would likely include a calculation method incorporated in call reports that will assess a credit union's risk and determine capital requirements.
Last week at the National Association of State Credit Union Supervisors' (NASCUS) conference in Coeur d'Alene, ID, Matz again indicated a proposed rule is coming sooner rather than later.
Steve Farrar, loss-risk analyst for NCUA, provided further information on the status of the proposal. A draft of the preamble is written and NCUA staff is working with its board members in further discussions. When the proposed rule is issued, there will be a 90-day comment period—and at the time the proposed rule is issued, NCUA will release a tool that credit unions can use to calculate their capital requirements under the proposed requirements.
Farrar said 90 percent of credit unions would be fine (not fall into Prompt Corrective Action) under the proposed scheme, and 10 percent would not meet the new net worth requirements. Of the 10 percent, the majority are "close to the requirement." He added that when a final rule is issued, there will be a 12 to 18-month implementation period, and he anticipates an effective date of Jan. 1, 2016.
The Leagues' are concerned that adding a net worth requirement on top of what is already required will be burdensome. If a credit union does not have sufficient capital requirements under the new rule and becomes subject to PCA requirements, the credit union will need to submit a net worth restoration plan to the NCUA.
The NCUA has said it supports legislation that would allow secondary capital. However, under proposed legislation, H.R. 719, only well-capitalized credit unions would be eligible for secondary capital; therefore, secondary capital would not be an option for those who need to increase capital under the new risk-based-capital requirements. Those credit unions will need to increase capital in some other way or decrease risks in their portfolio.
The Leagues strongly encourage credit unions to comment on the proposed rule once it is issued. The Leagues' PowerComment tool makes it easy for you to write an effective comment letter. For more information, visit
and let your voice be heard.
© 2014 California Credit Union League


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October 7, 2015 § 1 Comment
We're very excited to announce that vHMML is finally live! We took some time out from the public forum to refocus our energies and reboot the development process, and we have finally reached the day. You can read more about the whole project here.
You'll find lessons for Latin and Syriac scripts in School, Latin and Syriac annotated images in Folio, answers to all of your terminological questions ("what IS rinceaux, anyway?") in Lexicon, and lots of bibliography in Reference. For now vHMML will take you to our existing online catalog, OLIVER, but starting in early 2016 it will link to the new online Reading Room where registered users will be able to browse thousands of complete manuscripts for free.
We will be continually updating vHMML and adding new content. Later in 2015 there will be more Syriac lessons, including transcription practice, and in 2016 we'll add Arabic and Armenian, and possibly more.
One change from our original plan is that Scriptorium, a collaborative working environment using digital images, will remain with our project partners at the University of Kentucky. We decided it made sense for Scriptorium to stay with those who had built it, and to be opened to digital collections from other libraries as a resource for DH projects besides vHMML. Folio was its first creation, and a very nice one, too.
Please have a look, and let us know your suggestions for improvement or additions: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Eloquent Witnesses, Damaged Goods, or Teaching Aids? Filling the Gaps in our Research with ManuscriptLink, Fragmentarium, Broken Books, vHMML, Shared Canvas, Mirador, Digital Scriptorium, and all that
July 11, 2014 § 1 Comment
Much of what has found its way from the Middle Ages into the 21st century only comes to us in a fragmentary form. Such artifacts can be buildings, day-to-day items like utensils and tools, weapons, jewelry, art, literary works, historical records, or even manuscripts. Whether a manuscript was recycled hundreds of years ago in a book binding or more recently as items of value to sell in pieces, these remnants of the past arrest one's attention and nourish an urge to restore what has disappeared. With works of literature, editors will often conjecture about missing parts that no longer exist, but for manuscripts one often hopes that such missing parts may some day be filled back in—thus the rising interest in fragments and broken books. A new (but not always popular) term has been suggested for such reconstructive research: Fragmentology.
In June 2014, the Center for Digital Humanities at Saint Louis University (http://www.slu.edu/center-for-digital-humanities) hosted a series of meetings on manuscript fragments (in conjunction with the Symposium on Medieval and Renaissance Studies or "SMRS"), with representatives from a number of digital projects that seek to identify and reunite these witnesses to the past. I was delighted to represent vHMML at two of these meetings. Some attendees presented on their digital initiatives to re-unite manuscripts, while others spoke of the needs for content providers (institutions with manuscript fragments) and users of the resulting data. Other projects, like vHMML, were brought into the discussion as possible tools to help with the ambitious projects proposed by others. Several participants (including the author of this post) were also invited to participate on last day of the SMRS in a round table discussion about Digital Repositories for Medieval Studies: Challenges and Opportunities.
Themes that emerged from the meeting included the need to identify fragment collections around the world, what exactly is a fragment, how to describe a fragment consistently so items can be matched, and how to encourage widely based collaboration for such work.
Many institutions do not know what fragments they have (or even that they have such fragments). Some institutions specifically acquire fragments for teaching purposes—as examples of different scripts, art or materials—while others may simply place all fragments into boxes for later study. Another theme was the practical and difficult procedures needed simply to identify and match manuscript fragments that are often thousands of miles apart.
The question of what constitutes a manuscript "fragment" was also raised: in the United States, one often thinks of fragments as books that were cut up in the 19th and 20th centuries and sold as beautiful art pieces (the Hornby Bible or the Llangattock breviary), while in European terms, the most common manuscript fragments are those found in and/or removed from book bindings. The qualitative difference can also lie in the perceived beauty of the leaves from a broken book versus the mundane functionality of recycling books that were no longer needed (but made of sturdy and expensive reusable materials).
At the first meeting Prof. Federica Toniolo from Padua University shared with us the list of the known dispersed leaves of the Llangattock breviary, a precious liturgical manuscript made in Ferrara (Italy) for Lionelle d'Este (1441-1448). She and her colleagues would be extremely grateful for further leads to the whereabouts of extant leaves from this broken book. Even our library (HMML) holds one leaf of this.
Two major fragment studies efforts that seek to build on collaboration are ManuscriptLink and Fragmentarium. ManuscriptLink (http://tundra.csd.sc.edu/manuscriptlink/) is largely the work of two scholars (at this time): Scott Gwara (University of South Carolina) and Eric Johnson (The Ohio State University). They have worked for some years gathering data on manuscript leaves in collections in their respective institutions and states, while also looking elsewhere for evidence of fragments. Some of this has grown out of interest in the more recent destruction of manuscripts through dealers who buy complete manuscripts and then cut them up and sell the leaves as artwork or teaching aids. Drs. Gwara and Johnson have been developing surveys of such leaves and are working on tools that would support the digital reunification of such manuscripts. Dr. Johnson gives an overview of their project and goals in a short video at: – http://www.cni.org/topics/special-collections/manuscriptlink/
Fragmentarium is a parallel project from the developers of e-codices (http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en), the outstanding Swiss site for digitized manuscript collections from Switzerland. Christoph Flueler (University of Fribourg) described the goals of Fragmentarium, which would aim especially at locating and identifying fragments of all kinds, including those from bindings. The e-codices project is inherently multilingual (French, Italian, German, and English), so Fragmentarium is already working with libraries across Europe (e.g., the British Library, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and others) as well as at home, to try to identify and match manuscript fragments. Since e-codices is focused on complete manuscripts, this would go beyond the functionality of their existing service.
As for tools that can help with such projects, vHMML (www.vhmml.org) was introduced both as a place for those working to assemble information on the fragments can learn to read them (the School), but also as place (Scriptorium) where researchers could collaborate on the transcription, identification, speculation, etc., for eventual inclusion in the other projects. Ben Albritton (Stanford University) described Shared Canvas (http://www.shared-canvas.org/), IIIF (http://iiif.io/), and Mirador (http://dmstech.github.io/mirador/) as tools and standards that would help with annotating and viewing digital files from various institutions and web-based services. Finally, our host, Jim Ginther, described a new tool being developed at St. Louis—Broken Books—that is intended to help with processing of fragments such as possible collations and arrangements of matched items.
On the second day, discussion came from major potential content providers for the study of fragments: Raymond Clemens from the Beinecke Library at Yale University and William Stoneman from the Houghton Library at Harvard University, as well as from Consuelo Dutschke (Digital Scriptorium, http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/digitalscriptorium/) and Debra Cashion (Vatican Film Library and Associate Director of the Center for Digital Humanities). Drs. Clemens and Stoneman proffered a list of eight practical considerations for the development of any digital humanities projects involving manuscript fragments, including: be careful about the strictness of standards (lest some collaborating institutions shy away); plan for maintaining a voluntary organization and not just starting it; consider your end-users and demonstrate wide-ranging impact of project; and start with well-chosen examples.
Along with the two sets of two meetings each (vHMML was only at the meetings on fragmented manuscripts, not the ones on broken books), the participants had ample opportunity to connect with their colleagues at SMRS sessions, over coffee, and at meals. I for one am extremely grateful to the organizers for bringing these meetings together and I look forward to ways that we might continue the dialogue over the coming months and years. In the meantime, dear readers, please check out the various sources that have been linked in the text of this article, and forward any thoughts or additional leads for Fragmentology to me (firstname.lastname@example.com) or to this blog.
Finally, thanks are due to Saint Louis University for inviting the participants to this meeting and especially to the Vice-President for Research, Dr. Raymond Tait, and the Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Dr. Ellen Harshmann, for supporting the travel and room/board for the attendees. Also helping to keep us on track and oriented were Megan Smith, Donal Hegarty, and Patrick Cuba from the Center for Digital Humanities.
If you can spare the time, check out also my earlier vHMML post on 12th-century fragments!
Peace to all.
An Update from Kalamazoo
May 12, 2014 § Leave a comment
It's well past time for another vHMML update. We had an opportunity to share the latest news with thirty keen medievalists at the Kalamazoo Congress last week, and were really gratified both by the turnout at our session and the obvious enthusiasm for what we're doing. I introduced the project, and then some of the vHMML team described the various components. Matt Heintzelman from HMML talked about his work developing content for Lexicon and Library. Carin Ruff provided a great overview of her approach to Latin manuscripts for School. Ellen Joyce talked about ways in which she'll be using School in her undergraduate teaching at Beloit College. Then Carin and I talked about Folio and Scriptorium. Our lead development partners Abigail Firey from University of Kentucky and Jim Ginther from Saint Louis University weren't able to get to Kalamazoo this year, but we had Meg Smith from SLU in the audience, and HMML's newly-hired developer William Straub on hand to help with the inevitable tech challenges at the session and to handle any questions that went more deeply into the software issues than the rest of us could manage.
The timeline for vHMML has slipped quite a bit, mostly because of a longer than anticipated search for developers at SLU and some database programming complexities. At this point we have a test site running for School, Lexicon and Library. Carin has finished her content for School, and we're in the process of getting it loaded. Lexicon and Library have data, and we're finalizing the functionality and doing some further editing of content. We hope to have these basic components available by the end of the summer.
Meanwhile the team at Kentucky is working on Folio and Scriptorium, partnering with the several institutions involved in developing Mirador, a fantastic new image viewer that facilitates side-by-side comparison of multiple manuscripts and includes a variety of annotation tools. Carin is creating the first set of thickly-described manuscript pages for Folio, and UK has a developer dedicated to the Folio project. Abigail is leading the charge on Scriptorium, which she describes in this way: "Scriptorium. The Scholar's Study where the only mess is the one you make. Simple. Clean. Intuitive." What that means for users is the ability to place multiple images and documents in relation to each other, in whatever arrangement works best. There will be an integrated text editor supportive of the kinds of things we like to do with transcriptions. And, most exciting of all, Scriptorium will be a collaborative workspace into which you can invite others to view or contribute to projects hosted there.
We're adding a new component to the original schema for vHMML, which we're calling Reading Room. This will provide registered users access to complete manuscript collections digitized by HMML in recent years. Registration will be free. In time we hope to add scanned microfilms from our earlier projects as well. Ultimately Reading Room will provide access to more than 50,000 complete manuscripts and will continue to grow.
Carin's presentation on her work for School will be the topic of an upcoming blog post, giving everyone a preview of what you'll find in School this fall.
Columba Stewart OSB
Location, Location, Location – Using Context to Decipher Old Script
April 8, 2014 § Leave a comment
Without a doubt, learning German as a second language in the old days was a lot harder than today! Back in the 1890's, when my grandmother had to learn German in a school in Indiana, she was given an introductory child's grammar book–Neue Fibel, oder: erstes Lesebuch für die deutschen katholischen Schulen in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amerika. From it, she had to learn not only vocabulary, declensions, syntax, cases, and other linguistic standards that are still needed. No, beyond these she also had to learn how to read (and write) using very different character sets.
As one can see immediately from the title page, the first task to learning German in those days was to learn to read the Gothic font or Fraktur. Without it, there would be no visual clues to remember spelling and vocabulary. This font, difficult still for many who are learning German as a second language (and today, perhaps even for those who learn it as their mother tongue), dates back to the earliest history of printing in the West. At first, all books were printed in Gothic fonts (there were several), but in some areas printers quickly abandoned Gothic for Roman fonts, which were closer to the Humanistic handwriting common in those areas. Thus, some parts of Europe continued to use Gothic fonts, while some changed to Roman and some used both (English retained "black letter" for specific situations). And, of course, other character sets were eventually introduced for languages that did not use the Latin alphabet.
Perhaps more daunting and jarring was the necessity for 19th-century schoolchildren to learn an entirely different way to write letters (and to be able to read these letters). Along with Fraktur and the grammar, children learning German as a second language also had to learn Kurrent, derived from Gothic cursive writing from the late Middle Ages, which was used from the 16th up to the early 20th century. Without this, they could neither read handwritten German, nor properly write it.
The letter series above read: r v w k s j / p g z tz ß [or sz] / y f h ih sch
Note the similarities of the "h" and the "f" (and eventually, also the long "s" in "sch"). Note also that there is more than one "s" and that the initial/large "S" looks altogether different again!
In terms of longevity, Kurrent would have to be seen as one of the successes of the script world. However, it was always difficult to read for non-German speakers, and is still extremely difficult to read. The efforts to teach this script go back centuries, and HMML has writing manuals (made with engravings) that help depict this promotion:
Indeed, German writing manuals in HMML's collections show samples of Kurrent script from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Often presented in extremely ornate settings or styles. Note the elaborate initials given each of the examples above. The script is also often combined with Gothic script, in a hierarchy — titles and subtitles in Gothic script, and Kurrent for the text. Several of HMML's manuscripts demonstrate this same hierarchical use.
A close-up of the page from the Alphabeti maioris demonstrates this difficult script:
[Gothic] Kommet her zu mir alle die ihr mühseelig und beladen seyd,
[Kurrent] Ich will euch erquicken
Nehmet auf euch mein Joch
und lernet von mir
dann ich bin sanftmüthig
Und von Herzen demüthig
So werdet ihr Ruhe finden
für eure Seele
Dann mein Joch ist sanft
Und mein Last ist leicht. [from Matthew 11:28-30]
Already here, we learn one of the tricks to reading Kurrent, and for that matter, any unfamiliar script–location, location, location. Context is vital to our understanding of the written text in front of us. Not only does it help immensely to know German for making out the letters (very often you know what to expect from the spellings of the words), but it also helps to know what kind of text you are reading–prayer book, records of an association, personal letters, etc., etc. In each case, the vocabulary will likely be limited by the context in which it was originally used.
Here is one more example from a printed work that demonstrates Kurrent, only this time in a letter-press book (i.e., printed from cast metal type — or real fonts), not from engravings as in the examples above.
Here we have a morning prayer from a book by a Benedictine author, Aegidius Jais (Kern des guten Saamens auf ein gutes Erdreich, 1818). As with the engravings, the lettering here is very regular and the vocabular quite limited. Both of these factors make the text actually relatively easy to read — once one has recognized the new forms for letters like "h," "r," "e," and so on. The second paragraph reads: "Du hast mich diese Nacht erhalten, du hast mich wieder einen Tag erleben lassen; ich danke dir, Gütigster! Allmächtigster!"
Now let us look at some manuscripts in HMML's own collections, to see how well the examples above prepare us for actual handwriting.
HMML has only a few codex manuscripts in German, along with a few letters signed by 16th to 18th-century emperors and an empress. The sample above comes from an 18th-century prayerbook and is, again, a morning prayer:
"O Gott! mein gott, zu Dir wache ich des morgens, und opffere Dir auf mein Leben. o Du gott meines Herzens, mein Herr! und gott in ewigkeit! Dir will Ich …"
One can see quite readily that the shapes of the letters are not quite so clean and simple as they appeared in the printed versions. The first letter of the second word — Gott — more closely resembles "Bott" or worse, but from context can only be "Gott." The initial "G" is based a little more closely to the Gothic "G" that appears elsewhere in headings in this manuscript. The scribe has carried the form from one script over to the other.
One of the tricks to reading this script — in my mind, at least — is to figure out the core letters and then figure out what letters work in the context elsewhere. For example, the "e" often does not look like the standard "e" in Kurrent, but if one focuses on letters like "h" or "H"–which are usually consistent–then you see the word "Herr" in the middle of the fifth line. Indeed, only the "h" has a loop both above and below the line. Similarly, the "h" and the "i" in "ich" in the second line are fairly recognizable, so the "c" in-between them makes good sense.
Here is another example:
This time there are not just two scripts, but apparently three. The "V" in "Vater unser" and the "A" in "Ave Maria" look a bit like their Kurrent versions, but the rest of the words look almost identical to English handwriting! Aside from the long "s" in "unser," which every school child knows was used in English up to the 19th century, the rest of the letters in the first line are perfectly legible to English readers. The second line shows a modified Gothic set, that also shares common elements with English ("O Gott, in dessen Angesicht"), but then the rest of the text continues in Kurrent:
"ich lebe, ich bethe dich an! –mit allen Heiligen Engeln, so wie Jesus, dein …"
And yet, how much more challenging the writing becomes when one moves away from an area in which they have some knowledge — in this case prayerbooks — to other subjects, like historical documents or notes on architecture:
Ultimately, one would like to be able to read the letters without having to piece the words together, but handwriting is rarely so consistently regular that one can always tell a letter outside of its context. Sometimes the "n" looks like an "e," or sometimes (in the same line) one "e" might look like Kurrent and the next like an English "e." Strangely enough, for the people who wrote the words, this writing was probably relatively clear, but then they also filled in the gaps of their reading from the context — e.g., does the word "Bott" mean anything in German? No. But within the context of a prayerbook, one can find that it makes sense as a mixed-script form for "Gott."
But then again, context can only go so far — orthography has changed over the centuries, so that 16th and 17th-century spellings frequently may not answer our paleographical questions. Moreover, scribes sometimes simply misspelled words, and one goal of paleography is to recognize such mistakes and provide conjectures for what the correct spelling would have been. Recent work with 19th-century records from a Minnesota church has demonstrated to me the variability of a scribe's spelling!
Yet that requires more context, I fear.
But then, you know, I never did hear my grandmother speaking German …
matt heintzelman
The Blessings of Modern Technology: Computers and Manuscripts
January 30, 2014 § 2 Comments
"The blessings of modern technology are enabling us to secure the existence of these ancient documents for future reference." (Julian G. Plante, in Manuscripta, vol. 11 (1967))
One of the areas where the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML) has long labored lies in the efforts to make manuscripts more accessible through computerization. In fact, the first mention in our records of a computerized manuscript catalog comes already in 1966! Of course, digital photography was not yet a concept to be explored, so the focus remained on serving scholars by providing searchable descriptions of the manuscripts. The fairly new director of what was then called the Monastic Manuscript Microfilm Library–Dr. Julian G. Plante–wrote in a letter to Father Oliver Kapsner, OSB (field director in Austria):
"Father Ephrem, Assistant Director of the Institute [today's Collegeville Institute], has asked me if we had considered the possibility of using the computer in connection with the microfilm collection. Our conversations led to a meeting with Father Fintan, who is in charge of the computers, and Frater Balthasar, who is at present computerizing the contents of the library's biblical journals. Let me give you the results of that meeting. Father Fintan estimated that for $3,500.00 the provisional inventory (the cards you type) of the almost 5,000 projects now on hand could be placed on computer cards and provisional catalogs produced according to author, subject, incipit, title, date, project number, and codex number. This work could probably be completed by July of 1967."(Julian G. Plante, December 15, 1966; emphasis mine)
Dr. Plante foresaw disadvantages in the inaccuracy of the information gathered from the provisional inventory cards on the films, along with the fear that having such information readily available might slow the progress of in-depth cataloging. However, the advantages outweighed these potential problems:
"Now for the advantages: In the first place it will markedly expedite the work of producing an adequate catalogue. Our present plan, as you know, is to go through the films one by one, making out 3×5 cards for each item catalogued. The computer will supply the information from the inventory on sheets of paper with plenty of room for corrections. Instead of my having to write down everything with the great likelihood of errors in my transcription, I will only have to correct an existing text. This should involve considerably less work and be more accurate. I am told that it is astonishingly easy to make corrections on the computer cards." The second advantage is that a provisional catalog will open up the collection for the use of scholars. Not only will they have available for use here the provisional catalogs mentioned above, but the computer will be able to pull for them any particular items in which they have a special research interest. From our point of view, the more the collection is used by scholars, the more accurate we will be able to make the catalog since every scholar who uses the provisional catalog will be helping us discover its errors." (Julian G. Plante, December 15, 1966)
Father Oliver responded rather positively in a letter dated January 4, 1967:
"All told, balancing advantages and disadvantages, it looks okay to use the computer in order to make the material in the microfilm collection quickly available in some form. It will take a long time to catalog the microfilm collection, which is expanding rapidly, adequately."
Encouraged by Father Oliver's support, Dr. Plante proceeded to hire a consultant and student workers to set up a pilot project to test the feasibility of cataloging manuscripts with computers. The original optimism of 5000 manuscript descriptions in computer format by mid 1967 did not materialize, however. This is not the place to track all of the correspondence related to the project, but I would like to include a few notes here from the "first" report on "The Computerized Catalog of the Microfilms." The project got underway in 1967 and work continued into early 1969. The goal was always to serve those who would use the manuscript microfilms:
"One of the most important tasks facing the Monastic Manuscript Microfilm Library is [to] render to the scholars and researchers using the facility an account of the contents of the already vast holdings. If the collection is to benefit its potential users an adequate alphabetical index-catalog must be made of the contents." "Computerization, then, consists in assigning numeric designations to the various aspects of the material on microfilm in such a way that the computer can select any of these designations, either singly or in predetermined concert, for the purposes of printing and study." (Report 1, May 1, 1969)
Mind you, "vast holdings" in 1969 amounted to about 15,000 manuscripts, nearly all from Austrian libraries. The planned fields of data seem quite scant by today's standards:
"In practice, the computerization of the catalog of microfilmed manuscripts means coding for language, century, incipit or beginning words of a text, as well as the obvious things like author, title and subject classification." (ibid.)
The hope was that scholars would be able to find pertinent manuscript entries "in a matter of minutes rather than the hours generally required." Indeed, scholars could even make requests in advance and the staff could search for relevant manuscripts before the visitors arrived. The report outlines the technical aspects of the project:
"Discussions with members of the Computer Center on the St. John's campus were begun in December, 1966. On June 30, 1967, an IBM 029-A22 Printing Card Punch was purchased. Computerization involves the use of an IBM 1620 computer with two IBM 1311 disk drives, operating in Symbolic Programming System (SPS) language. Each catalog entry is coded for the previously-mentioned areas and then the entire entry is punched onto cards. This allows printout of not merely numbers, but the actual entry containing complete information such as author, title, incipit, codex name, codex number, project number, date and subject classification (usually more than one heading). The designated manuscripts can be obtained from the collection merely by asking for those project numbers given by the computer." (report 1, May 1, 1969; emphasis mine)
According to the report, in the approximately 1 1/2 years of the pilot project, the staff had created records for the manuscripts from Stift Wilhering (Austria), a collection of about 154 manuscripts. This resulted in a collection of about 5000 computer punch cards. For me, this is a rather frightening concept, since the entire collection from Austria alone grew to about 30,000 manuscripts. Doing some quick-and-dirty math, I estimate that the Austrian films alone would have required about 1,000,000 computer cards! Is it possible that someday I will open a closet door in the HMML basement and find boxes of thousands of computer cards? Gulp. Dr. Plante announced HMML's computer projects in various journals, including Computers and the Humanities, vol. 2: no.2 (1967) and Manuscripta, vol. 11: no.3 (1967). The latter report still voiced optimism:
"The possibilities offered by a computerized catalog are being investigated. General areas are assigned a numeric designation which allow us to control the vast amount of material by numeric systems. … It should be emphasized, however, that progress in this area is still at an early stage. " "The success of the pilot project seems to confirm the validity of the direction that is being planned. The blessings of modern technology are enabling us to secure the existence of these ancient documents for future reference." (Manuscripta, vol. 11 (1967))
So, Digital Humanities made an early appearance out here on the edge of the prairie. Unfortunately, this early attempt did not survive its first report by very long. Already in 1971, Dr. Plante related in a letter that the project had been deferred:
"The major difficulty involved in computerizing the catalogue of MMML [today's HMML] holdings is that many of the collections on deposit here are completely uncatalogued, and as a result must be catalogued manually before any computerization of information can take place." (Julian G. Plante, August 23, 1971)
Indeed, of this in-depth cataloging, only 1400 of the 27,000 manuscripts at HMML at that time had already been fully cataloged. Correspondence files at the Saint John's University archives indicate that interest in computers continued throughout the 1970's, but no further projects appear to have arisen. In 1982, another catalog computerization project was designed, but that would be a story for another day. By the late 1980's, HMML had a regular, standing committee investigating the use of computers with manuscript studies. This long-term interest was eventually to blossom in the In Principio project and the Electronic Access to Medieval Manuscripts (EAMMS) project in the 1990's.
Indeed, it seems that computers are here to stay! But then, they seem to have been with us somehow from the beginning.
Matt Heintzelman
International Round Table Discussion in Krems, Austria
December 27, 2013 § Leave a comment
On December 12 and 13, 2013, I had the privilege of participating in an International Round Table Gespräch (Discussion) sponsored by the Institut für Realienkunde, based in Krems, Austria. The Round Table brought together Austrian, German, Dutch, and (one) American scholars to discuss their respective digital humanities projects–under the aegis of: "Digitale Medien–internetgestützte Forschung–Web 2.0. Herausforderungen und Potenziale für die Kulturwissenschaften" ("Digital Media–Internet-supported Research–Web 2.0. Challenges and Possibilities for Cultural Studies").
I was invited to present on the various digital projects of the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library, including (of course) vHMML. Our library has witnessed an ongoing evolution over the past 15-20 years in its digital mission to support manuscript studies–as it moved from supporting manuscript catalogers (In Principio) to supporting the use of our microfilm by scholars (EAMMS/Oliver), to the delivery of digital images from both microfilm and original digital photographs (Vivarium), and now the creation of a virtual manuscript studies environment (vHMML). A similar evolution can be found in other digital projects, as well.
As many digital projects have grown over the past 10-15 years, they have found their center at first in the delivery of content ("digital libraries") and now in the creation of work environments, where scholars can utilize multiple electronic sources to conduct research in a new way–especially in the humanities and social sciences. By searching across databases, the scholar may experience the serendipity of finding related images or content in unlikely and separate places.
Since different aspects of the vHMML project have been discussed (and will be discussed) elsewhere in this blog, I would like to discuss below some of the other projects presented at the Round Table over the course of two days. This review is only to pique the interest of those pursuing digital humanities and lead such folks to review the sites themselves–much more can (and in the future will) be said about each of these initiatives!
http://zuccaro.biblhertz.it/ (in German)
Zuccaro (named for Federico Zuccaro, 1542-1609) is a project of the Bibliotheca Hertziana and Max-Planck-Institut für Kunstgeschichte in Rome, Italy. It takes the historic "event" as its core element and works to integrate different databases (e.g., Lineamenta and ArsRoma) into an open-ended network of references for research. There is a very brief English description of the project at: http://zuccaro.biblhertz.it/dokumentation/zuccaro-1). The program brings together information on buildings, persons, locations, geodata, etc., to offer convergences of data to scholars.
ALMA is a extension of the services offered at the Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The interface is in both Dutch and English. The museum has a somewhat eclectic collection of early painting and art, as well as many artifacts of daily life from the medieval and early modern period ("realia"). ALMA provides a means to link data and photographs of actual realia with their depictions in art (not just a cooking pot, but how it is depicted in contemporaneous art. See the neat article on "A Syrian Apothecary Jar in the Three Marys at the Tomb by Jan van Eyck" (at the website listed above).
http://www2.leuphana.de/meta-image/Idee.php (chiefly in German, but with English summaries)
Meta-Image (funded by the German Research Foundation) is similar to vHMML in that it seeks to create an online environment for the study of art history and visual culture. It is grounded on the image resource prometheus (http://www.prometheus-bildarchiv.de/) and a tool for image annotation (HyperImage). An English summary of the project (along with other helpful links) can be found at: http://www2.leuphana.de/meta-image/About%20Meta-Image.php.
Kulturpool is an Austrian project to bring together several resources on Austrian culture under one search engine. Similar to the European initiative "Europeana," but limited to Austrian resources. Much of the site is offered also in English translation, but the basic language is German. Some of the cultural institutions participating in kulturpool include: The Albertina (graphic arts collection), Imareal (Institute for the study of daily life in the Middle Ages), the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Monasterium.net, Museum of Ethnology (Völkerkunde), the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, the Austrian National Library, and several others. This allows for searching across collections in art, natural sciences, history, artifacts, books and manuscripts, and other areas.
The Krems Round Table was organized and hosted by the Institut für Realienkunde des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit (http://www.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/home/). Their special niche has been the documentation of daily life as found in late medieval and early modern art, especially painting. Similar in concept to ALMA (see above), their database and website are largely in German, but the database does allow for searching by English-language concepts. HMML first became acquainted with the Institut through a session at the Kalamazoo medieval congress in 2004. We have remained in contact–largely through conferences–since then.
Started by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2009, the website manuscripta.at (i.e., Austrian manuscripts) will soon be relaunched with a greatly expanded offering. This is the site that most closely approaches HMML's general offerings–manuscript descriptions, digital photographs, and a great drive to make manuscript culture available through the Internet. If a manuscript in an Austrian library has been digitized, you should be able to find the digital images here. They also offer catalog descriptions (including copies of early, handwritten catalogs) and pertinent bibliographic references. In light of our shared core mission of preserving manuscript culture, HMML hopes to work closely with manuscripta.at over the coming years.
Monasterium.net started as a local effort to provide digital access to archival documents from institutions in Lower Austria (the area around Vienna). Over the past decade it has grown rapidly to include institutions across Europe (including Eastern Europe). This is especially important for working with archival documents, which often refer to related institutions in areas that today are separated politically, but which were not in a previous era. With its expansive coverage, it provides access in several languages, including German, English, Spanish, Italian, French, Croatian, Hungarian, and Serbian. Those interested in medieval archival documents can also join the Monasterium Facebook group.
Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch
http://www.mhdwb-online.de/ (in German)
As one might surmise, the online Middle High German dictionary is especially geared to the interests of those studying Germanistik and Central European history. As a result, its website is in German. This is the online version of the first new large-scale Middle High German dictionary since the classic 19th-century dictionaries of Benecke-Müller-Zarncke and Matthias Lexer. The online version has the added attraction (over the printed version) of being expandible and being able to link to the textual sources where terms appear. Of course, the definitions can also be linked to images of physical materials being described.
Mittelhochdeutsche Begriffsdatenbank
Linked to the Middle High German Dictionaries online (i.e., Lexer et al.), the Conceptual Database offer not just straight definitions, but points to the medieval contexts in which terms appear. As with the Institut für Realienkunde, HMML first worked with the MHDBDB at a conference session in Kalamazoo back in 2004. The database also provides a link back to images of realia at IMAREAL's REALonline (see above).
It was exciting for me to represent HMML and vHMML at this international gathering of digital humanities projects. I look forward to learning more about them in the coming months–and possibly finding points of contact where collaboration would be possible! My special thanks go to Dr. Ingrid Matschinegg and her colleagues at the Institut für Realienkundes des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit for inviting me (and HMML) to participate.
Matthew Heintzelman (Collegeville, MN, USA)


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I try every week to add a new meal to our menu. I often find myself with a whole lot of ingredients and not a whole lot of time to cook dinner. I believe that if I can cook then anyone can. I hope my easy to make and easy to follow recipes help avoid the dreaded, "not that again."
Active prep time 5 Minutes
Wash and pat the turkey leg dry (this one and its other half cost $3.71 total)
Cover with olive oil and throw on some Italian seasoning
Place in a roasting pan at 350 degrees until it reaches 180 degrees (1 1/2 hours)
Brussel Sprouts $5.00 for a huge bag at Sam's club
Cut a hole in the plastic bag zap it in the microwave
Stove top $1.00 used coupons have stockpile
Boil water and butter
Throw in mixture
Plate nicely and pretend you spent all day cooking… insist it was difficult so you do not have to clean the dishes 🙂


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Most of us have experienced traveling from one place to another only to become aware that we don't remember the trip. If we do not heed the warnings, all of life will be like that. Thanksgiving Day is about going on alert, a heads-up against getting lost in routine.
Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas paraphernalia jumps out together, proclaiming the "holiday" season. If sanity prevailed, we would admit that what is about to happen is anything but joyful. It is an orgy of greed presented in living color and prophesied by Black Friday. In our frenzy to break the everyday, we only lengthen our time on the treadmill.
For three months we run like laboratory rats - trying to do what? Outdistance our disappointments of another year past? Gorge our children with so much stuff they might forget we are not present? Rat-thinking breeds quickly.
British journalist Edward Lucas calls all this the "overrated disturbances of routine."
Unlike Lucas, many of us fail to cherish daily life because we do not sense nor set its object: thankfulness. Routines earn livings, provide education, set standards, and clean up garbage. Routines force us to discover what we are made of.
Unless - they don't. Early 20th century writer Viktor Shklovsky warned that routines can anesthetize us to the sensations of life. Thanksgiving is about stopping long enough to evaluate whether or not we have fallen into the rut of blind ingratitude.
When Anthony Doerr took a timeout to camp on a four-foot-thick sheet of ice in the
Canadian Arctic (November Conde Nast Traveler), he came up with this: "Sometimes you have
to make yourself a stranger to your own life in order to recognize the things you take for granted." He then points to sunsets, hot showers, alphabets, health, family, before he asks: "How had I stopped actually seeing these things?"
The Census Bureau just released new statistics. The November report says that in the richest country in the world, 1 in 6 Americans live in poverty. Florida is fourth among the states with the highest share of poor people. Those of us not facing food or healthcare insecurity, two new standards of measuring poverty, should at least be grateful, and at best, try to help, starting with our own families.
Being thankful ought to be routine. Thanksgiving Day would then simply verify that fact. It doesn't. We have produced rubble and neglected cleaning it up - literally. The rich West has long sent its unfiltered trash to China. Until now, China welcomed, sorted, and recycled it. But, there's junk and there's junk. China says enough. America must process more of its own mess.
A nation's shortcomings mirror the state of its citizens. In a list of 18 heinous sins that signal dangerous times, being unthankful is number seven (2 Timothy 3:2-4). These sins are said to deny the power of God. An August poll by a group called LifeWay found that 51 percent of us do not believe that praying can avert natural disasters. Real thanksgiving cannot take place in that environment. If being thankful is the exception rather than the rule, then conviction to make it our routine this Thanksgiving may be of critical importance.
Finding truth requires the right starting point. That is the quest of this column. If we seek simple truth, we can find it together-side-by-side.
Linda M. Downing is a freelance writer. Contact her at lindadowning.com.


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Listeners joined Warm 106.9 and "Santa" Kaz at Wild Waves Holiday with Lights! Everyone stopped by the Warm 106.9 tent to get their Almond ROCA and play our CD Scramble game for a chance to win fabulous prizes! Holiday with Lights boasts over one million dazzling lights, all of your favorite rides, a visit from Santa and more!
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Search within this collection:
Advanced Search
This collection contains resources used by WRLC's DSpace Working Group during the development and deployment of the shared institutional repository.
The Washington Research Library Consortium (WRLC) provides a shared digital institutional repository for its member institutions, known collectively as the ALADIN Research Commons.
This resource is intended to serve both as a mechanism for publishing - in digital form - the scholarly output of each school's academic community, and as an open and shared ALADIN resource that supports research and continued scholarship.
Currently, the WRLC has selected DSpace (1.8.2) as the underlying digital repository system to meet WRLC and member institutions electronic publishing, scholarly access, and digital preservation needs.


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 1,067 this week
Iben Hjejle
Iben Hjejle was born on March 22, 1971 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She is an actress and writer, known for High Fidelity (2000), Mifune (1999) and Defiance (2008). She was previously married to Emil de Waal. See full bio »
Born:in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Meteor shower set for tonight
Published: Thursday, December 13, 2012 at 10:33 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, December 13, 2012 at 10:33 a.m.
The Geminid Meteor Shower will occur between late night today and dawn Friday.
Ken Stage, owner of the St. George Observatory in Schriever, said you could see more than 100 meteors or shooting stars per hour.
Stage noted the moon is in a new phase so skies will be especially dark and ideal for viewing the shower.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Zephyr Thomas Home Improvement Company began as Zephyr Aluminum in 1953, a commercial improvement company. Over time more homeowners were becoming interested in improving the quality and beauty of their home. As a result, Zephyr Thomas was created in 1993 to serve as a residential home improvement company. Our name is well known over Lancaster County and surrounding areas as a reputable and very professional business with the most talented and experienced professionals around!
We are proud to say that we serve our satisfied customers time and time again with new projects on their homes. In the last year we had over 60 percent of our business from our repeat and referral customers. We use only the best and newest products on the market from the top leading manufacturers on the east coast. These products include our Energy Star certified replacement windows and gorgeous Grandview Sunrooms, made by our award winning Seaway Manufacturer. All products are custom made to suit our customers and their homes. Zephyr Thomas is committed to using only the highest quality products and materials that are available. Our number one focus has always been on the quality of products and materials, not the cost. Zephyr Thomas is not interested in offering our customers "cheap" products. We stand behind our products and services and are confident in the quality that will last our customers for years to come.
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Grinkle Park Estate is set in a stunning North Yorkshire landscape covering some 3000 acres of grassland and woodland. Grinkle park is one of the premier shooting estates in the North of England.
The Grinkle Park Estate, which incorporates the Roxby Shoot, offers parties of up to 9 guns some of the finest and challenging driven partridge and pheasant shooting available.
In addition, is the ideally located Grinkle Park Hotel, situated within the estate, making this the ideal base to stay whether for a single day or multiple days shooting. The hotel boasts AA 4 Star accreditation, and provides luxury suites, and elegant accommodation for all its guests. On site kennels are available, along with secure gun cabinets and gun room, drying facilities, ample parking and of course superb menus and a truly delicious wine list to compliment.
Both the estate and the hotel offer a very personal and bespoke days shooting headed up by the Head Keeper and General Manager, with their supporting teams, ensure from the moment of arrival to fond farewells, all requirements and special requests are catered for.
A typical day would be to arrive early evening the day before, and once unpacked, enjoy reception drinks and canapes in a private lounge prior to taking dinner. Local produce is always a favorite with guests. The extensive wine list features some truly stunning wine to accompany dinner. Retire after dinner to enjoy a game of snooker in the hotel snooker room, or simply relax in front of the roaring fire prior to retiring. Hearty breakfast is served, after which, the Headkeeper welcomes all Guns and then onto the estate for some really great shooting. Mid morning coffee break is taken followed by more drives. Lunch can be mid way through the day or taken late afternoon.
Should Guns wish to bring their partners, this is welcomed. Tuition and guidance can be arranged and a "mentor" assigned to ensure comfort and safety. Partners not wishing to participate during the day, will be ideally based to visit the surrounding country side, such as the spectacular market towns of Helmsley and Pickering and indeed enjoy the stunning coastline including such beautiful locations as Robinhoods Bay.
The estate has 4 x 4 vehicles available, loaders and carriers can be arranged with prior notice, and of course it goes without saying a dedicated team of support beaters and "picker uppers" and not too mention the all too important working dogs.
Should guns wish to bring their own dogs, this is welcomed with prior notification to the hotel.
Gun hire is available also with prior notification.
|Shoot type
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Having recently enjoyed a stay at Grinkle Park Hotel and a superb days Partridge shooting at Roxby and Gringle I can fully recomend the experience.
The Hotel and shoot are both very professionally run by the team headed by General Manager Richard Ibbott who is a keen sportsman, which is reflected in the smooth running of the days.The shooting is superb with birds pushed over wooded valleys from game crops Partridges stream over the valley and are gone in a flash providing some of the best snap shooting I have ever had.The day is overseen by Headkeeper Neil Barnes who together with his experienced team show birds at their best on every drive. To sum up great shooting wonderfull suroundings and excellent food and accommodation make this a shoot to remember.
Mr Neil Maycock - Sep 2011
VERY HIGHLY RECOMMENDED. A brilliant place to stay and shoot, all organised by Grinkle Park Hotel.
Our shoot day's at Grinkle Park have simply been superb. Neil and his team deliver great birds from memorable drives. The accommodation and hospitality provide my shoot guests a quality experience, well worth the drive to North Yorkshire/Cleveland.
A little know fact, Grinkle Park Estate shoot is known in the Brewery Trade as the Brewers Shoot. The old brewery owners and bosses have shot the estate for decades. (They know how and where to enjoy themselves, a hidden gem of a shoot.)
M.P.H. - Apr 2011
A superb shoot, quality birds and great drives, extremely well run day topped off with a great food and great hotel. The hotel was extremely well organised for our shooting party providing us with excellent hospitality and comfort.
Mr Marcus Iddon - Apr 2011
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text: ET stacked together the total runs scored or wickets taken by a player against the price paid by the franchisee owners of their teams to sign them on. To keep the statistics manageable we discounted those batsmen who have made less than 100 runs cumulatively till April 27, the first ten days of IPL. MRR is calculated by the paycheque received by the player divided by the runs scored by him. As more matches are played, MRR will keep on changing.


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Venezia Spa & Hair Studio
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This Salon and Spa is very tranquil. We deliver great customer service. Each of our service providers have been in the business for over 10 years, our team always updated with all the continuing education with the most advanced restorative and fashion techniques in our beauty industry. We use natural botanical products, that also contain the latest buzz ingredient. We use Highest organic quality in hair products and treatments. We provide Hair care services with Masters Professionals Certified. Skincare, body treatments and waxing with only Licensed Estheticians certified with high experience. We provide personal attention in a tranquil atmosphere at a affordable cost. Call today and you won't be disappointed.
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**FILE** In this June 14, 2006 file photo, the General Motors world headquarters in Detroit, is seen from Windsor, Canada. General Motors Corp. says it has bought its previously leased headquarters in downtown Detroit's towering Renaissance Center for $626 million. (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio, File)
Gov. Rick Snyder says the approval of a deal between the state and the city of Detroit is a "positive opportunity" for the city and the entire state of Michigan.
Snyder says in a statement Wednesday that a lot of work remains to fix the city's struggling finances and difficult decisions lie ahead. But he says he wants to build on the "spirit of cooperation" to act in the "city's long-term interests."
Snyder's expected to formally accept the review team's recommendations and the deal struck with the city Thursday.
Under the agreement, Mayor Dave Bing and City Council retain authority over finances and the city budget. A nine-member appointed advisory board will monitor the finances and work with Bing on the city's fiscal restructuring.


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3 Mindful Steps to Practice Balance
Life is the living art of balance. Balance is a beautiful concept, rooted in the exquisite imagery of Yin and Yang. For most of us, the attempt at balance is more like a circus act of hither and thither, with multiple moving parts flying about our worlds in an unpredictable and mysterious way. As we all strive for our perfectly expressed version of "just the right amount," it's important to remember a few essential things to the practice of balance.


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Our services go further than just collecting data, supporting those working across health and social care to improve quality by understanding, measuring, and acting upon feedback from staff, patients and service users.
All of our user experience programmes, tools and surveys are tested with patients to ensure they are understood.
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Find out more about our approach to creating and delivering effective patient experience programmes by watching our short film, or exploring the sections below.
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Special Issue "Feature Papers: Symmetry Concepts and Applications"
A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2009)
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This Melissa and Doug wooden kitchen set has working doors and drawers (sink drawers are faux). The sink and stove have metal hardware and there are shelves in the refrigerator/freezer.
Stove/Oven: 2 7/16"W x 3 5/16"H x 2 3/16"D
Sink: 4"W x 3 5/16"H x 2 3/16"D
Refrigerator: 2 9/16"W x 5 1/2"H x 2 3/16"D
Hutch: 4"W x 6 1/4"H x 1 7/8"D
Chairs (2): 1 11/16"W x 3 5/16"H x 2 3/16"D
Table: 5 1/8"W x 2 7/8"H x 3"D
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Kolkata Hotel Himalay
Fasiliteter Kart Streetview Vurderinger
134/1 Mahatma Gandhi Road Kolkata-700 007
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With great pleasure, we take this opportunity to introduce ourself as one of the leading Best Modern Luxury Hotel,centrally located, ideal for week-end casuals.
Hotel Himalay(Fully Vegetarian Hotel)is located at Central Kolkata at 10 Minutes distance from Howrah Railway Station and Sealdah Railway Station by transport. Easy access from DumDum Airport (15 Kms).
The 'City of Joy', is a fascinating center of historical significance, rare beauty and enhanting poetry. Located in the heart of this charming city is Hotel Himalay,one of the most comfortable and attractive hotels in Kolkata.
The hotel in Kolkata offers serene accomodation in the center of the hustle and bustle of Kolkata. This hotel provides high standards of accomodation, facilities and comforts to satisfy the most discerning clients. It is also reputed for its service, which is always accompanied by a warm and friendly smile.
There is a pure vegetarian menu comprising of mouth-watering dishes from the Indian, Chinese, South Indian Fast Food and Tandoori cuisine. The food can be served in your room.
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online rate is only room rent. We charge 5% Luxury Tax on A.C. Room and 10% Luxury Tax on A.C. Suite. Moreover, 7.42% Service Tax to be charged in A.C. and Non A.C. both rooms.
Please be aware that
Taxes are as follows: Luxury Tax 5% on A.C. Rooms.
Luxury Tax 10% on A.C. Suite
Service Tax 8.40% on all Rooms.
it will be charged separately.
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by Molière
Tartuffe Theme of Lies and Deceit
Here's a question for you: should one always tell the truth under all circumstances? Molière seems to think not. Sure, Tartuffe is the one that does most of the lying, but what are we to make of, say, Elmire? She's willing to lie and cover up the truth – twice – in order to manipulate and expose Tartuffe. It is important to remember that she gets results by lying, while Damis only creates more trouble by telling the truth. This isn't to say that one strategy is better than the other of course. If anything, it speaks to how slippery a thing the truth can become once the lying begins.
Questions About Lies and Deceit
- Dorine and Elmire either advocate or employ deceit at some point during Tartuffe. Are their actions justified? Are their lies any different from Tartuffe's?
- When Damis insists on telling Orgon the truth about Tartuffe's attempted seduction, his plan backfires. What does this say about the power of truth in general?
- Throughout Tartuffe, Orgon never lies and never suspects Tartuffe of lying – that is, until he sees him pawing at Elmire. Are these two things – the inability or reluctance to lie, and the inability to think that a person is a liar – related?
Chew on This
Molière makes it clear that deceit, though often harmful, can also be a useful and perfectly ethical solution to a problem.
"[A]ny wrongful act you care to mention/ May be redeemed by purity of intention" (4.5.13). So says Tartuffe when he's trying to seduce Elmire. Strangely enough, Molière doesn't completely disagree with that statement. Sometimes, he suggests, the ends justify the means, and even lies can be used to do good.


text: Programme structure In 'Programme Structure' Programme structurePossible MajorsSkills-enhancing activities Back to 'Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences' A Liberal Arts & Sciences degree offers you the flexibility to choose your Major as you progress through your studies. This will normally develop out of the modules you choose in your first year. With your personal tutor you will discuss your progress and ensure that you choose those modules best suited to your own interests and ambitions. Depth From Year 1 to your final year, you will develop an expertise in one subject area, equivalent to one half of a Joint Honours degree. This means, for example, that you could qualify to study for a Masters in that subject. Breadth Unlike most other undergraduates, you will also gain a breadth of knowledge in subjects from the natural sciences to art and literature, social sciences to law (subject to timetabling). We recognise that employers are looking for well-rounded, knowledgeable and multi-skilled individuals, able to gather and analyse diverse materials and information, present findings effectively and persuasively, complete tasks professionally in teams and through independent study, take on leadership roles, and demonstrate adaptability to a range of circumstances and conditions. This programme is designed to give you those skills. An academic year at Birmingham consists of 120 credits of study. The programme consists of four years of study, with a year abroad in your third year at one of our international partner institutions. Hannah (Year 2) Having studied a variety of subjects at A level, I found that the Liberal Arts and Sciences program enabled me to continue to engage in other areas of study whilst focusing on my major; namely, History. My other subjects, International Relations and Anthropology, entertain me and give variety to my week, and they also inform the work I do in my major. There are so many possible combinations of related degrees that whatever your field of interest there are other programs that interlink in a way that deepens understanding of each one. Not only do I enjoy the structure of the course but I also appreciate the other opportunities offered by it, including the chance to have a mentor from outside the University, a year abroad, support with internships and an enriching extra curricular cultural program. This course is perfect for those with a wide field of interest and a love of learning that goes beyond the classroom."


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All Sorts of Weird Stuff offers news and information about George R.R. Martin, in particular about his A Song of Ice and Fire series.
"When I was young, I read all sorts of stuff. One week it would be Lovecraft, the next Vance. It was all imaginative literature, or as my dad called it 'Weird Stuff.' It was all 'Weird Stuff.'"
George R.R. Martin
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With its opening officially announced before a packed room at Interaction, Worldcon 2005, the Brotherhood without Banners' official website has started auspiciously. Jam-packed with information about past BwB gatherings and members, as well as information regarding collecting GRRM's works. Sign up as a member and be entered in the club's White Book today!
The Westeros network consists of several different sites, including a forum and a wiki, for all your A Song of Ice and Fire needs.


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If simply saying the word car ride makes your dog go nuts, get them a doggy tank that represents their love of the open road. Your dog will stick their head out the window with pride when wearing this Andretti Dog Tank. You can rest assured that this is a quality product because it was made in the United States.
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this 3.5 touch screen android smartphone supports Wi_fi,Fm,gps and bluetooth. you can download the application with the android 4.03 os freely and surf the internet corveniently with the wi-fi function
|General Specs
|night vision wireless colour video door phone
|0Lu * (IR on)
|20mA~30mA/3.7V (standby)
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|16-digits digital audio singal, DAC interface, 8Kbps sampling speed rate
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|7~10 hours for the first time, aroud 4 hours after then
|USB Port
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|1/4 inch COMS
|IR camera in outside call station to see callers at night.
Expands to a 2-way system by adding a call station & handset.
Rechargeable battery via mini USB interface.
Standby status 72 hours.
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Island of the Blue Dolphins
by Scott O'Dell
Island of the Blue Dolphins Chapter 21 Summary
- Karana leaves the cave at night to climb a high rock, so she can watch the Aleut fires. She doesn't fear the Aleuts so much as the girl with them. What if the girl finds the ravine? And the spring? Karana has no other choice but to stay put.
- Over the next several days, Rontu and Karana collect food: abalones at night and roots during the day. They don't see the Aleuts.
- During this time, Karana begins making a fancy new skirt from those cormorant feathers. She sews carefully to make the skirt as elegant and beautiful as possible.
- As the days pass, Karana begins to feel safe knowing that the Aleuts will be leaving soon. One day, she takes the skirt outside so she can see it in the sun.
- All of a sudden, Rontu is on his feet. Karana looks up and sees the Aleut girl. Ack.
- Karana thinks of grabbing her spear and throwing it, but she doesn't. And she doesn't exactly know why.
- The girl calls for Rontu and the dog goes to her. Apparently this is Rontu's old owner.
- Karana cries out "No" but the Aleut girl makes a motion indicating that Rontu now belongs to Karana.
- The girl points to herself and says "Tutok." (21.23). Karana doesn't say her name. She calls Rontu back. The girl smiles with white teeth.
- The girl points at the skirt and says "wintscha," a word that sounds like the word for pretty (21.26). The girl approaches and touches the skirt and says "wintscha" again. Karana lets the girl hold the skirt.
- The girl says more things Karana can't understand, and motions at the cave. These motions work. Does Karana live there? Karana pretends not to get what she's asking, and points to the far end of the island.
- The girl touches Karana's arm. She speaks, smiles, and then drinks from the spring. She walks away noiselessly.
- That night, Karana packs all of her things to move to the western part of the island. Once she has all of her baskets hidden, though, she returns to the cave. She realizes that someone has been there.
- In front of the cave, on the step, is "a necklace of black stones of a kind I had never seen" (21.40).