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National Weather Association, Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology, 2009-EJ4
Significant Nighttime Tornadoes in the Plains
Associated with Relatively Stable Low-Level Conditions
Anthony Fischer
Aviation Weather Center, Kansas City, Missouri
Jonathan M. Davies
Private Meteorologist, Trimble/Kansas City, Missouri
(Manuscript received 13 January 2009; In final form 29 June 2009)
Nighttime cyclic tornadic supercells occurred in northern Kansas on both 29 May and 11 June of 2008, the latter event resulting in two fatalities. The supercells produced significant tornadoes within environments containing unusually large near-surface CIN. The synoptic scale and mesoscale evolution of each event is examined, with an emphasis on the thermodynamic and vertical shear characteristics of the near-storm environment. It is hypothesized that anomalously strong CAPE-shear combinations in each case contributed to the generation of long-lived supercells with intense vertical pressure gradients, allowing the storms to produce tornadoes in environments characterized by a deep stable near-surface layer.
1. Introduction
Although nighttime tornadoes are less common in the Plains than the deep South (e.g., Grazulis 1993), recent years have seen an atypically large number of nighttime events in the Plains. These include such deadly tornadoes as Holly, CO (EF-3) on 28 March 2007; Greensburg, KS (EF-5) on 4 May 2007; and Lone Grove, OK (EF-4) on 10 February 2009. The impact of these events on life and property underscores the importance of anticipating the threat of nighttime tornadoes for operational forecasters in the Plains.
A database study of Rapid Update Cycle (RUC, Benjamin et al. 2004) analysis soundings in Davies and Fischer (2009, hereafter DF09) examined nighttime supercell tornado environments in the eastern two-thirds of the United States. One of the findings was that nighttime significant tornadoes tend to occur in settings with relatively weak convective inhibition (CIN, Colby 1984), similar to overall results in Davies 2004. This is an atypical situation in the Plains states, because CIN often increases substantially with diurnal cooling after dark due to the high frequency of elevated mixed layers (EML, Carlson et al. 1983) originating over adjacent southwestern states. Large near-surface CIN acts to reduce tornado potential, as inflow air parcels must be lifted through a stable near-surface layer or are rooted above the layer. When moderate to small nighttime CIN occurs in the Plains (i.e., generally less than 50-75 J kg-1), this suggests an environment that is supportive of surface-based convection—a beneficial factor for nighttime tornadoes when other characteristics such as sufficient convective available potential energy (CAPE) and storm-relative helicity (SRH, Davies-Jones et al. 1990) are present.
However, from time to time, significant nighttime tornadoes do occur with relatively large CIN in the Plains, where the near-storm environment does not appear as strongly surface-based as the DF09 results for nighttime strong/violent tornadoes would suggest. In 2008, significant tornadoes occurred after dark in northern Kansas on 29 May and 11 June (see Table 1 and Fig. 1) in environments containing unusually large CIN for significant tornadoes. In these cases, the near-surface environment was atypically characterized by a rather deep stable layer, and was not strongly surface-based. Each of these events will be discussed, and common features and implications for forecasters will conclude the paper.
2. Analysis
Observed and numerical model data were examined to study the synoptic and mesoscale evolution of the 29 May and 11 June events. In particular, RUC model soundings were used to assess thermodynamic and vertical shear characteristics of each near-storm environment. Though the RUC has been shown to reasonably approximate supercell environments (Thompson et al. 2003), surface observations, radiosonde observations (RAOBs), and wind profilers were also analyzed to gauge the representativeness of the RUC data and to modify soundings and hodographs accordingly. The virtual temperature correction (Doswell and Rasmussen 1994) was applied to thermodynamic computations, and lowest 100-hPa mixed-layer (ML) parcels were emphasized given their superior correlation to observed convective cloud base heights (Craven et al. 2002). Storm-relative shear parameters were computed using observed storm motions.
a. 29 May 2008: Jewell, KS and Belleville, KS area tornadoes
A broad upper level trough progressed from the western U.S. to the northern and central Plains on 29 May (Fig. 2). At the base of this trough, seasonably strong 500-hPa and 300-hPa jet streaks (30 and 50 m s-1 respectively) and modest mid-level height falls overspread the central Plains during the afternoon. At the surface, a dryline mixed into the central high Plains, bulging into southwestern Nebraska and northwestern Kansas (Fig. 3). Large scale forcing for ascent and divergent upper level flow aided convective initiation along this portion of the dryline by 1930 UTC. The large scale ascent would continue to support these storms, many of which evolved into supercells, as they moved eastward through the warm sector for the next several hours.
The storm of interest gradually evolved from the tail-end of this convection near the Kansas-Colorado border, acquiring supercell characteristics near Oakley, KS at 2200 UTC (refer to Fig. 1) and maintaining favorable inflow the next several hours. The storm was primarily nontornadic during its first three hours, producing only two brief EF-0 tornadoes near Zurich, KS at 0010 UTC. After 0100 UTC, the supercell became an efficient tornado producer, generating several EF-0 tornadoes between Osborne and Tipton, KS from 0118-0140 UTC. Then the storm went on to produce two large, long-tracked EF-3 tornadoes near and after dark from 0140-0405 UTC (see Table 1), the first of which struck the community of Jewell, KS. The supercell was finally absorbed by a quasi-linear convective system over south-central Nebraska.
The environment in northwestern Kansas was supportive of supercells (Rasmussen and Blanchard 1998, hereafter RB98) by late afternoon on 29 May, with MLCAPE of 1500-2000 J kg-1 and 0-6 km bulk shear of 22-30 m s-1 (43-58 kt) per modified RUC soundings. Also, low-level shear was large as early as 2300 UTC (0-1 km SRH of 400 m2 s-2) due to a 20-25 m s-1 low-level jet (LLJ) present over the warm sector and strongly favorable storm-relative inflow. However, high lifting condensation level (LCL) heights resulting from deep mixing and modest boundary layer moisture were initially unfavorable for tornadogenesis (e.g., RB98), with surface temperatures in excess of 30°C (86°F) and dew points only near 15°C (59°F).
After 0000 UTC, a number of factors became increasingly favorable for tornadoes in the near-storm environment. LCL heights lowered as the boundary layer diurnally cooled and the storm moved fully into the rich moist axis (surface dew points of 19-21°C or 66-70°F), as in Fig. 4. Increasing boundary layer moisture likewise contributed to stronger instability. Meanwhile, wind profilers and surface observations indicated a notable increase in low-level shear over the area as the boundary layer began to decouple, resulting in weakening surface winds in far north-central Kansas and south-central Nebraska and nocturnal acceleration of the LLJ to 30 m s-1 (Bonner 1968). Surface winds also backed to southeasterly, possibly in response to strong vertical motion overspreading the warm sector, which further enlarged low-level hodographs.
However, a stable layer in the low levels was also increasing. Trajectories from the 0000 UTC 700-hPa RAOB plot (see Fig. 5) indicated a substantial EML spreading northeastward toward north-central Kansas from the southern high Plains. Upstream of the storm, Dodge City RAOBs showed considerable 700-500-hPa warming during the day in association with the expanding EML (Fig. 6), with a 700-hPa temperature of 13.4°C at 0000 UTC—a probable reason storms were limited to the northern third of Kansas during the evening.
A modified 0300 UTC RUC analysis sounding at Belleville, KS (Fig. 7) was used to estimate the environment during the significant tornadic phase of the supercell. The RUC showed the richest boundary layer moisture to be unreasonably shallow; thus the moisture profile was modified based on interpolated mean mixing ratios within regional 00Z RAOBs. Steep lapse rates aloft resulted in strong instability, with MLCAPE of 2747 J kg-1. MLLCL heights were also favorably low at 936 m. Still, diurnal cooling beneath the expanding elevated mixed layer resulted in a MLLFC (level of free convection) height near 3 km and MLCIN of 120 J kg-1. Given the decoupled nature of the boundary layer with a weak near-surface temperature inversion per the modified sounding, it is likely the inflow air mass was no longer well mixed and that a ML lifted parcel would not be most appropriate for assessing the thermodynamic environment. Lifting a surface-based (SB) parcel resulted in even stronger inhibition given the surface inversion, with CIN of 211 J kg-1; while lifting the most unstable (MU) parcel, which resided at 900-hPA just above the inversion, produced CIN of 108 J kg-1. Visual characteristics of the storm's updraft during its significant tornadic phase (Fig. 8) were certainly suggestive of substantial inhibition, with stratiform laminar banding (rather than a cumuliform appearance) in the lowest few kilometers indicative of forced ascent through a stable layer.
Figure 9 shows the corresponding modified 0300 UTC RUC analysis hodograph at Belleville. The RUC surface wind was slightly too strong and veered to be representative per surface observations; thus, the mean surface wind at Concordia, KS from 0130-0300 UTC was substituted. Deep layer shear was strongly supportive of supercells, with 0-6 km bulk shear of 31 m s-1 (60 kt). Meanwhile, very strong speed shear was present in the near-surface layer, with southeasterly surface flow near 5 m s-1 and southerly 500 m AGL flow of 28 m s-1. Accordingly, despite the storm motion having curved markedly to the left (from 255° to 232°) just prior to its significant tornadic phase, unseasonably large low-level shear was available with 0-1 km SRH of 661 m2 s-2. The combination of strong instability and very strong low-level shear resulted in anomalously large energy-helicity indices (EHI, Hart and Korotky 1991; Davies 1993), with a 0-1 km EHI of 11.3 based on the modified sounding and hodograph.
b. 11 June 2008: tornadoes at Salina, Chapman, Manhattan, and Soldier, KS
A large, unseasonably deep upper level trough moved from the northwestern U.S. toward the northern and central Plains on 11 June (see Fig. 10). A cold front served as the focus of convective initiation, with quasi-linear severe storms developing from southwestern Minnesota to eastern Nebraska during 2100-2300 UTC as strengthening mid-level flow and large scale ascent interacted with the front. Explosive initiation concurrently took place across central and north-central Kansas (see Fig. 11) near the northern edge of a capping EML that had encompassed the southern Plains (Fig. 12). Several training supercells resulted here, with deep layer shear vectors oriented west-to-east resulting in a sufficiently large angle with the cold front for discrete mode (e.g., Dial and Racy 2004). Unseasonably strong mid-level flow of 30-40 m s-1 aided in the eastward propagation of these supercells off the boundary.
The supercell of interest initiated northwest of Great Bend, KS about 0030 UTC and quickly attained supercell characteristics as it moved rapidly eastward (refer to Fig. 1). By 0210 UTC the storm was producing hail to the size of softballs (11 cm in diameter). The storm then became tornadic after dark, intermittently producing four significant tornadoes between 0240 and 0511 UTC (see Table 1). Two of these tornadoes caused one fatality each in Chapman, KS and near Soldier, KS; while another affected Manhattan, KS, including the Kansas State campus.
Per modified RAOBs and wind profilers, an impressive combination of instability (MLCAPE near 2500 J kg-1) and deep layer shear (0-6 km bulk shear in excess of 30 m s-1 or 58 kt) was initially present in the storm's environment. Low-level shear was also quite large as the storm moved through the nose of the 25-30 m s-1 LLJ immediately ahead of the cold front; 0-1 km SRH was initially around 350 m2 s-2, and gradually strengthened with time as the storm tracked into lighter and more backed surface winds present in the richest moist axis just east of the I-135 corridor. Although LCL heights were at first marginally high for a significant tornado threat with surface temperatures and dew points near 30°C and 18°C (86°F and 64°F), the storm propagated quickly into the moist axis near I-135 as surface temperatures cooled diurnally.
However, as with the 29 May case, convective inhibition became considerable after dark due to the magnitude of the warm air aloft. Figure 13 shows an overlay of the 1800 and 0000 UTC Topeka RAOBs just downstream of the storm, which sampled the northern fringe of the expanding EML and a 700-hPa temperature of 12.8°C by 0000 UTC. In the near-storm environment, RUC model trends indicated neutral temperature advection within the capping layer between 0100-0400 UTC, and substantial cooling of the layer thereafter as the leading edge of cold air advection aloft was forecast to rapidly overspread northeastern Kansas.
A modified 0300 UTC RUC analysis sounding at Chapman, KS (Fig. 14) was used to approximate the near-storm environment during the first three significant tornadoes, when MLCIN for near-surface parcels was considerable (> 100 J kg-1). The sounding indicated rich boundary layer moisture that appeared a bit too shallow and had cooled the boundary layer too quickly; thus, minor low-level modifications were made to the sounding based on regional RAOBs and surface observations. Potential instability, though tempered by relatively warm air in the upper troposphere, was favorably strong with MLCAPE of 2004 J kg-1. MLLCL heights of 1106 m were sufficiently low for significant tornadoes. Meanwhile, though the near-surface layer remained rather warm (surface temperatures near 27°C or 81°F through 0400 UTC), the EML maintained strong inhibition with MLLFC heights again near 3 km and MLCIN of 114 J kg-1. Comparatively, lifting a surface-based parcel—which was also equivalent to the most unstable parcel—produced CIN of 100 J kg-1. Given that the boundary layer likely remained fairly well mixed, lifting a ML parcel may have been reasonably appropriate for this case.
Figure 15 shows the corresponding modified RUC analysis hodograph for the storm. Because wind profilers indicated stronger middle and upper level flow than was initialized by the RUC, the 0300 UTC Hillsboro, KS wind profiler data was substituted above 4 km. Given the unseasonably strong mid-level jet, deep layer shear was very strong with 0-6 km bulk shear of 36.6 m s-1 (71 kt). Very large low-level shear was also present given strong speed shear and highly favorable storm-relative inflow, with 0-1 km SRH of 524 m2 s-2. The combination of moderate instability and very strong low-level shear contributed to very large EHI values (0-1 km EHI of 6.6), though not as anomalously large as in the 29 May case.
3. Results and Conclusion
These two events present a similar forecast challenge. Each resulted in significant damaging tornadoes after dark within environments of unusually large near-surface CIN. It was established that in each case, the strong CIN resulted from diurnal cooling beneath an EML accompanying the southeastern flank of the upper level trough. Table 2 summarizes both events' thermodynamic and vertical shear parameters.
It is hypothesized that strong CAPE-shear combinations played a major role in allowing these storms to produce strong tornadoes within low-level air masses containing a significant stable layer. Each case possessed very strong low-level shear due to large, clockwise-curved hodographs associated with a nocturnally enhanced, significant (30 m s-1) LLJ. Additionally, the storms occurred in environments with strong to very strong deep layer shear. The degree of vertical shear amidst strong potential instability likely contributed to intense vertical pressure perturbations (Rotunno and Klemp 1982) in the well-established supercells, acting to augment updraft strength and aid in tilting and stretching of horizontal vorticity through the stable layer.
The nighttime supercell RUC sounding database study in DF09 further puts these events into perspective. Fig. 16 shows box and whisker plots of MLCIN from that study for daytime and nighttime subsets of non-tornadic, weak tornadic, and significant tornadic supercells. CIN appeared to discriminate rather well between nontornadic and significant tornadic supercells at night, and 90% of nighttime significant tornado cases occurred with less than 75 J kg-1 MLCIN. Though CIN was generally found to be larger with nighttime significant tornadoes in the Plains than those in the deep South, the 29 May and 11 June cases in this paper are still a considerable exception to the DF09 results. The MLCIN values from these cases (near 120 J kg-1) fall well above the 90th percentile in the nighttime significant tornado category (Fig. 16b).
Figure 17 shows box and whisker plots of 0-1 km SRH in the DF09 database. The SRH values were by far largest for nighttime significant tornadoes; yet SRH on 29 May and 11 June was stronger than the vast majority of events in that category (Fig. 17b), with extreme values in the 525-660 m2 s-2 range—further emphasizing the impressive nature of low-level shear in these cases. The database also showed most nighttime significant tornadoes in the Plains occur with much stronger instability than those in the deep South, and MLCAPE values in the 29 May and 11 June events (2000-2700 J kg-1) are consistent with those results. Accordingly, 0-1 km EHI values were also very large on 29 May and 11 June (11.3 and 6.6, respectively), well above the 90th percentile for both daytime and nighttime significant tornadoes in the DF09 database (see Fig. 18). The potent CAPE-SRH combinations, coupled with strong deep layer shear, were probably a key factor that contributed to tornadogenesis processes which likely overcame the presence of large CIN.
These events should prompt forecasters to carefully monitor observed and model data in order to anticipate the nocturnal evolution of vertical shear in conjunction with that of potential instability and convective inhibition. Wind profilers and Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) winds are useful in monitoring shear—particularly the LLJ magnitude, which contributes significantly to enhanced SRH after dark and is not always well forecast by short-term models. Representative surface wind vectors and parent storm motions should also be considered when assessing low-level shear in the near-storm environment, as both are critical to computing representative SRH and are likewise not always forecast well by models. Forecasters are urged to develop an awareness of potent CAPE-shear environments, such as the ones reviewed in this paper, which can contribute to dynamic pressure perturbations within supercells—enhancing nighttime tornado potential in spite of substantial near-surface inhibition in the Plains.
Finally, RUC model data should be used with caution when attempting to assess the magnitude of environmental CIN. Past experience indicates the RUC sometimes forecasts unrealistically shallow boundary layer moisture—as in the 29 May event—which can result in an overforecast of CIN. As with any event, interrogating RUC soundings alongside those from other models, in conjunction with RAOB and wind profiler/VAD wind data, can help forecasters gain confidence in the character and magnitude of low-level moisture and related CIN.
Acknowledgements. The authors thank Bruce Entwistle for obtaining observed and model data for the two cases. The authors also thank Dr. Matthew Bunkers for providing a 250-m version of his hodograph spreadsheet, available at http://www.crh.noaa.gov/unr/?n=scm.
Benjamin, S. G., and Coauthors, 2004: An hourly assimilation/forecast cycle: The RUC. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 495-518.
Bonner, W. D., 1968: Climatology of the low level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 833-849.
Carlson, T. N., S. G. Benjamin, and G. S. Forbes, 1983: Elevated mixed layers in the regional severe storms environment: Conceptual model and case studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1453-1473.
Colby, F. P., 1984: Convective inhibition as a predictor of convection during AVE-SESAME-2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2239-2252.
Craven, J. P., R. E. Jewell, and H. E. Brooks, 2002: Comparison between observed convective cloud-base heights and lifting condensation levels for two different lifting parcels. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 885-890.
Davies, J. M., 2004: Estimations of CIN and LFC associated with tornadic and nontornadic supercells. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 714-726.
-------, 1993: Hourly helicity, instability, and EHI in forecasting supercell tornadoes. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 107-111.
------- and A. Fischer, 2009: Environmental characteristics associated with nighttime tornadoes. NWA Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology, 2009-EJ3.
Davies-Jones, R. P., D. Burgess, and M. Foster, 1990: Test of helicity as a tornado forecast parameter. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 588-592.
Dial, G. L., and J. P. Racy, 2004: Forecasting short term convective mode and evolution for severe storms initiated along synoptic boundaries. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 11A.2.
Doswell, C. A. III, and E. N. Rasmussen, 1994: The effect of neglecting the virtual temperature correction on CAPE calculations. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 625-629.
Grazulis, T.P., 1993: Significant Tornadoes, 1680-1991. Environmental Films, St. Johnsbury, VT, 1326 pp.
Hart, J. A., and W. Korotky, 1991: The SHARP workstation v1.50 users guide. NOAA/National Weather Service. 30 pp. [Available from NWS Eastern Region Headquarters, 630 Johnson Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716.]
Rasmussen, E. N., and D. O. Blanchard, 1998: A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1148-1164.
Rotunno, R. and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The influence of the shear-induced pressure gradient on thunderstorm motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 136-151.
Thompson, R. L., R. Edwards, J. A. Hart, K. L. Elmore, and P. M. Markowski, 2003: Close proximity soundings within supercell environments obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 1243-1261.
3 km SSW Glen Elder KS – 3 km NNE Jewell KS
31 km
1800 m
8 km SSE Formosa KS - 3 km NNW Jansen NE
89 km
1200 m
6 km SSW Salina KS - 8 km ESE New Cambria KS
26 km
200 m
2 km SE Enterprise KS - 10 km WSW Junction City KS
24 km
800 m
2 km NNE Ogden KS – 2 km N Manhattan KS
14 km
400 m
6 km ESE Onaga KS - 3 km SE Bancroft KS
27 km
275 m
Sfc T/Td
700-hPa T
2730 J kg-1
2004 J kg-1
936 m
1106 m
2934 m
2936 m
120 J kg-1
114 J kg-1
211 J kg-1
100 J kg-1
108 J kg-1
100 J kg-1
0-1 km SRH
661 m2 s-2
524 m2 s-2
0-1 km bulk shear
28.4 m s-1
21.3 m s-1
0-6 km bulk shear
31.2 m s-1
36.6 m s-1
0-1 km MLEHI
Corresponding author address: Anthony Fischer, Aviation Weather Center, 7220 NW 101st Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64153-2371
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Demystifying the Navy Yard: For the first time in its 210-year existence, the Brooklyn Navy Yard will begin opening its gates daily to the public this week.
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N.Y. House of the Day: Dutch Victorian in Ditmas Park: Nestled on the corner of a tree-lined street in Brooklyn's Ditmas Park neighborhood, this Dutch Victorian has spacious interior rooms and a backyard with an outdoor kitchen.

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Entering the 1985 season expectations were mixed as U-M coming off the frustrating 6-6 season in 1984.�� Naturally some wondered if Bo�s best days were behind him�but those thoughts were dashed early in �85 after Jimmy Harbaugh, James Walter Morris and a badass defense took down Notre Dame 20-12 in Ann Arbor in the season.� That led to the game featured on This Week in Michigan Football History � a high profile road match-up against #11 South Carolina in Columbia:
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ARLINGTON, Va. — After hearing two days of testimony, a Virginia jury deliberated for slightly more than an hour before acquitting Air Force Lt. Col. Jeffrey Krusinski, 42, on one count of assault and battery against a 23-year-old woman who had accused him of drunkenly groping her outside a bar in May.
If he had been convicted of the Class 1 misdemeanor, Krusinski, who lost his job as the head of the Air Force's sexual assault prevention and response office, faced up to 12 months in jail and a fine of $2,500. He was reassigned to a job unrelated to sexual assault as the Air Force awaited the results of the trial.
Krusinski left the courtroom with friends and family members and did not respond to media questions about the trial's outcome. Air Force officials were not immediately available for comment after the verdict, which came at around 5 p.m. Wednesday.
The arrest drew intense scrutiny because of Krusinski's position and that it came so soon after an Air Force 3-star general had thrown out the conviction of another Air Force officer in a sexual assault case, and proved to some that the military wasn't taking such cases seriously.
For months, lawmakers have pointed to Krusinski's arrest and a series of other sex-related military crimes as proof that the Defense Department cannot effectively prosecute sexual assaults or tend to victims' needs.
Krusinski was initially charged with sexual battery in the incident, but Virginia prosecutors in July revised the charge to regular assault and battery, saying the sexual crime requires additional proof of sexual intent. A grand jury indicted Krusinski in August.
Jury forewoman Alison Kutchma, from Falls Church, Va., said the jury had sympathy for the woman, but felt the evidence simply did not prove the charges.
"It's very clear that a lot of lives were impacted," Kutchma said. "But that's not what we were asked to look at."
Kutchma said she didn't want to discuss specific weaknesses of the case, fearing it might be hurtful to the accuser. Prosecutor Cari Steele said the accuser was relieved the case was over.
In closing arguments, Krusinski's defense attorney, Barry Coburn, had reeled off a litany of what he said were inconsistencies in the testimony of state witnesses. He focused particularly on testimony from the alleged victim about her response to Krusinski's alleged grope.
On Tuesday the woman said she had hit Krusinski three times with her fist to defend herself. But a number of other witnesses said she followed and repeatedly hit a passive Krusinski with her phone, apparently causing profuse bleeding.
Coburn also had suggested that that Krusinski's staggering, drunken condition could have resulted in incidental contact that the woman misinterpreted.
Steele had said that what happened after the alleged assault is not the issue.
"There is no doubt that he touched her and there is no doubt she didn't like it," Steele said. "She felt totally violated."
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|Evaluation of the Physicochemical Authenticity of Aviation Kerosene Surrogate Mixtures Part I: Analysis of Volatility with the Advanced Distillation Curve
|July 19, 2010
|Because of the complexities involved in measuring and modeling the performance and properties of finished fuels, the scientific community must often use surrogate mixtures, especially in the absence of consensus standard mixtures. While surrogate mixtures are often formulated based on the ability of a particular mixture to reproduce a particular property, there is a desire to employ surrogate mixtures that are physicochemically authentic. This means that provided the primary purpose is satisfied, researchers are inclined to choose mixtures that have physical and chemical properties appropriate to the finished fuel. In this paper we apply the advanced distillation curve method as a means to evaluate the physicochemical authenticity of surrogate mixtures. While the strategy outlined here can but used for any family of surrogates, we apply it here to surrogate mixtures for Jet-A/JP-8. Mixtures were divided into two groups: simple surrogate mixtures with up to three components, and complex surrogate mixtures with more than three components. We found that the Modified Aachen surrogate (among the simple fluids) and the Schultz surrogate (among the complex fluids) had the best physicochemical authenticity.
|Energy and Fuels
|pp. 4266 - 4276
|Advanced distillation curve, Jet-A, JP-8, surrogate mixture
|Research Areas:
|Chemical Analysis, Fossil Fuels, Chemistry
|PDF version:
|Click here to retrieve PDF version of paper (2MB)


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Sooo, I got YD installed and booted to the OS and everything is green. No color is present except for green. any idea on how to adjust?!
Yellowdog - Screen Completely Green
Started by kmkings311 , Feb 16 2009 06:20 AM
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The Exchange recently had a photo contest named "Just Say Treat!" where customers submitted a photo and short description of their pet for a chance to win big. Nearly 300 entries were submitted, with photos ranging from patriotic to downright cute.
Well, the jury's out. Ten finalists were chosen, and the grand prize winner was a photo of Van, an old English Bulldog who has helped Senior Airman David Sigers and his family transition during an overseas move to Lakenheath, England. Van and his family received a $1,000 Exchange gift card.
In addition to Van, first-place winner Christopher Cook and his chocolate Labrador Bruno, as well as the other eight finalists can be found here.
Please visit The Patriot Family Connection on www.shopmyexchange.com to participate in future contests.
West Point Garrison CSM Jose Powell present a $500.00 AAFES Gift card to West Point Sergeant Christopher Cook, 1st place winner of the AFFES Patriot Pet "Just Say Treat "Photo Contest.


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4th Year Medical Students
The South Carolina AHEC coordinates placement for 4th year medical students interested in rural Elective Rotations. The Regional Health Professions Student (HPS) coordinators are a major resource for orienting students to communities, networking in the communities, and identifying and conducting student projects. Students from South Carolina's medical schools as well as to out-of- state students who have completed core clinical training from LCME approved medical schools and accredited schools of osteopathic medicine are eligible to receive AHEC assistance for placement in the sites described below. These electives focus on multiple specialties and are offered throughout the state. Students are often provided housing at no cost.
The AHEC electives outlined in the table below can be requested any time. In addition to any paperwork required by your college, students MUST:
1. Complete the AHEC Student Profile Form
2. Complete a AHEC Rotation Request Form
3. Send both forms to appropriate Regional AHEC Coordinator.
4. Complete paperwork required by the desired rotation site (such as immuization records, background check).
Lowcountry AHEC would be glad to assist with sites in the following counties Allendale, Bamberg, Barnwell, Beaufort, Calhoun, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper and Orangeburg. If you have an interest in completing a primary care or specialty rotation in any of these areas please contact the Lowcountry AHEC Health Profession Student coordinators.
Upstate AHEC Coordinators:
Tina Fulton, BS
Mid-Carolina AHEC Coordinators:
Jeff Cauthen, MS
Julie Ghent
Upstate AHEC:
Tina Fulton, BS
Pee Dee AHEC Coordinators:
Kam Richardson, MA, LPC
Medical Center
GHS Office of Student Services
Tina Fulton, BS
Volunteers in Medicine
Upstate AHEC:
Tina Fulton, BS
Upstate AHEC:
Tina Fulton, BS
Program Office Address: 19 Hagood Avenue, MSC 814, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29425-8140 ; Phone (843) 792-4431; Fax( 843) 792-4430


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I tried to change the top image of my blog but i give up!!! All i want is the old blue one back! Please tell me how to do it! Im sick if this coding stuff that doesnt work! Thanks!
I tried to change the top image of my blog but i give up!!! All i want is the old blue one back! Please tell me how to do it! Im sick if this coding stuff that doesnt work! Thanks!
I'm totally new to this but I think you go to the home page and scroll all the way down to Appearance and then click Header Image and Color. Then it should give you an option to change the color.
Were you able to upload an image to the header box? I can't figure out how to put a picture there. Any suggestions?
Wait you mean in the style.css? I dont see any appearene heading there. Why dont we get more help here?
Ive been trying to get a header image for ages now and they just cant tell me how to do it. Ive done everything they say yet it only gets worse. Im not sure why this forum exist to be honest. They should either help us or stop wasting our time.
Okay, here's what you have for your header in style.css:
#header {
color: black;
padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
border:1px solid #DDDDDD;
In the first line, try this with the background (adding single quotes at each end of the image path):
Verify that the above image is in your images folder. If it isn't, or the file name is wrong, then change it so it and the stylesheet names match.
To return the old image, put its file name in the background line above. Make sure the old image is in the images folder. Make sure it's height is the same as the height you have listed under
#header in style.css, if you changed it at some point earlier.
Good luck. Let us know if this helps.
That was a better explanation but still i did what u said and nothing happens. I changed 165 to 184 which is the size of the image yet still nothing. Why dont they ask teh width of the image? Heres the image please help:
Im being ignored again?
Sorry, I can't see your image with the link provided.
What you need to do is go backwards and undo what you did when you got started. Probably easier said then done, but that's where we're at here.
Asking you to haphazardly make changes beyond this point risks causing future problems, especially at your level of familiarity with CSS/XHTML and WordPress templates. You could attempt to re-install the parts of your theme that you changed, but that would cause problems if your theme was customized from the original (things could mess up real bad). So I'm not even suggesting you do that.
I suggest two things:
1) Access the WordPress Codex and start from the beginning. We all had to start some where, and you'd be surprised how readily the information will help you understand your theme better.
If that's not working,
2) Obtain the services of a local web designer (who understands WordPress) who can walk you through the issues.
I'm sorry I wasn't able to help you further, and wish you success with your website.
Well i dont know where to look for the old image as i deleted it. I want to reinstall my template but i cant find it again?! Cognoblue...
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Help Us: Do these Pornstars appear in this video?
Pornstar Name:
naja die stimmen synkro.. is halt ned der hit
Ein heisses Mädel !!!
really?me too!
Hot Girl, what is her name, pls tell us! Greetz
i know her and i used to f*ck her 3 times, she is a german prost*tute
she is hot!
boah so geil!
aaa bu sibel ama harika sikisiyor hakkini vermek lazim altimda balik gibi kivrandi yarsgi yidikce doymuyor. helal olsun sana sibel


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EAU CLAIRE, Wis. -- McDonell Central High School and Regis High School hired James Knutson to be the RMB Saints Hockey Coach.
Coach James Knutson grew up in Catholic schools, with many of his family members involved and passionate about Catholic education. Hockey was one of the many sports James grew up playing and began officiating Hockey in 2002 for his local youth hockey group. He has experience coaching Hockey and Football, and shared his general philosophy about coaching, "The best teams center around trust and mutual passion for the game. Additionally, our Catholic values teach us that we all need to be successful both on and off the ice. Developing kids of character is just as important as developing strong Hockey players."
Coach James Knutson also commented that he looks forward to meeting the Chippewa Valley Area hockey community. "When I'm not coaching, I will likely be officiating youth hockey or visiting Hobbs."
"Coach James Knutson represents what our Athletic teams look for when hiring Coaches. We want to hire a Coach that is going to offer a great Athletic experience, but more importantly the opportunity to develop the whole student - mind, body, and spirit," said Regis Athletic Director Terry Allen.
James Knutson has also been hired to teach Social Studies at Regis High School for the upcoming school year.


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OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — A Republican state senator from Enid is filing a bill authorizing a monument of the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution to be placed on the Capitol grounds. Sen. Patrick Anderson announced on Friday his plans to introduce the bill during the legislative session that begins in February. The bill calls for the privately funded monument to be placed at the Capitol, and Anderson says more than two dozen legislators already have signed on as co-authors. Legislators in 2009 authorized the placement of a privately funded monument of the Ten Commandments, and a lawsuit has been filed seeking its removal. Meanwhile, a group of New York-based Satanists and a Hindu leader from Nevada each have expressed interest in donating monuments to be erected at the Oklahoma Capitol.
Location, ST | website.com


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Aussie Spec-Fic Snapshot, 2012
This week has seen an enormous project: dozens of interviews on a number of blogs, capturing the thoughts of some of Australia's speculative-fiction writers. I've been interviewed, as have many of my friends and colleagues. Several of my mates in the Egoboo crit group have also been interviewed:
They've all got some really exciting and cool things going on I'm very proud to be part of this group of smart, capable, energetic writers!


text:
- Report: #160395
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: ONE CALL COMMUNICATIONS - Navicomm
ONE CALL COMMUNICATIONS - Navicommocld.com CARMEL, Indiana U.S.A.
ONE CALL COMMUNICATIONS - Navicomm ripoff, dishonest, fraudulent billing CARMEL Indiana
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I called One Call Communication's billing inquiries number 1-800-788-0074 for an explanation of their billing. Per automated instructions, I entered my account number, which was my former telepone number. The call was terminated after entering a second time. I performed the process a second time with the same results.
In final, I never use their service on 15SEP05 for 6 minutes costing $14.25.
FOUNTAIN HILLS, Arizona
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 10/11/2005 04:39 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/ONE-CALL-COMMUNICATIONS-Navicomm/CARMEL-Indiana-46082-3141/ONE-CALL-COMMUNICATIONS-Navicomm-ripoff-dishonest-fraudulent-billing-CARMEL-Indiana-160395. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report.
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on ONE CALL COMMUNICATIONS - Navicomm
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- Only search one name at a time if Company has many AKA's.
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strict standards for business conduct.


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Men's adidas Samba Leather Casual Shoes
Buy Online & Pick Up In-Store
Keep it classic and simple with the adidas Samba Leather Men's Soccer Shoes. Made for more than just soccer, these casual shoes are the perfect way to liven up your wardrobe.
The classic look of adidas Sambas just got updated in supple leather with suede details for standout style. A brushed nylon lining keeps feet comfortable, while the gum rubber outsole offers superior traction whether you're on the field or on the streets.
Throwback style just got a makeover with the adidas Samba Leather Men's Soccer Shoes.
- WEIGHT: 13.2 ounces
- UPPER: Soft leather with suede details
- OUTSOLE: Rubber outsole for extra grip


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Most full-time staff positions at Maranatha are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., 12-month jobs. Part-time positions have various hours. Some part-time positions may be seasonal. If you're interested in a staff position, you should
- View the available Maranatha positions.
- Read the essential qualifications for staff employment below.
- Apply for the staff position.
- Email a resume/cover letter to the contact person listed with the job posting, or to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Staff Qualifications
We desire staff with outstanding character and necessary skills as well as those who would maintain fundamental Baptist distinctives and ethos. By God's grace, Maranatha will never knowingly select individuals to staff positions whose beliefs or practices are at variance with Maranatha's deeply held and biblically supported religious convictions. Therefore,
- Staff members must be fundamental Baptists by practice and conviction.
- Individual lifestyles must be in conformity to biblical teachings related to morality and virtue.
- The sanctity of the Christian home is guarded by never employing or retaining employees or employee spouses who are or have ever been divorced.
If you meet these prequalification conditions, Maranatha may be a place of ministry and service. If you would like further information regarding your opportunity to serve at Maranatha, please contact Curt Oberholtzer, Director of Human Resources.


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The blog of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
The work of Mel Chin is back at the McColl Center for Visual Art (a Knight Arts grantee) in the exhibition "Mel Chin: Recap," opening June 28th and running until August 17th. Chin's work is multi-disciplinary, collaborative and crosses boundaries of medium, style and method. His main goal is to use art as an invocation to greater social awareness and responsibility.
Chin recently completed a Knight Artist in Residence program at the McColl Center from September 2012 to March 2013, and much of the work featured in "Recap" is from this residency, including a significant part of the Fundred Dollar Bill Project, which brings much needed attention to the issue of lead poisoning. In the exhibition, the Project will be set up as a bank where visitors can draw and deposit their own Fundred, and it will then become part of a larger participatory artwork on the wall of the exhibition. Chin's hope is that enough Fundreds will be collected to flow off the wall and begin stacking up. In 2014, the Fundreds from Charlotte and across the country will be delivered to Congress by armored truck to advocate for solutions to lead problems in the United States.
Gallery visitors with completed Fundreds at McColl Center for Visual Art.
The Fundred Dollar Bill Project is not the only piece in "Recap." A range of works from Chin's collages made out of heirloom family portraits to his hand-drawn animated film "9-11/9-11" will also be on view. As the McColl Center argues, "the variety of works on view in RECAP demonstrate how whether Chin is working in sculpture, film or collage, or insinuating art into unlikely places, like past projects in destroyed homes, toxic landfills or even popular television — individually or collectively, all of Chin's work investigates how art can provoke greater social awareness and responsibility." And as Chin puts it himself, "I am a recovering conceptual artist."
The opening reception for "Recap" is Friday June 28 from 6 to 9 p.m. Admission is free and all ages are welcome. A cash bar will be available with $1 beers. Visitors will have the opportunity to draw their own Fundred and meet with other McColl Center artists in residence like Natalie Abrams, Ginny Boyd, Linda Luise Brown, Shelia Klein, Aspen Hochhalter and Jason Watson.
McColl Center for Visual Art: 721 N. Tryon St., Charlotte; 704-332-5535; www.mccollcenter.org
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Six Guns for PC Free Download (Windows 7/8/XP/Vista/Mac) : It's all about shooting. Yes, you heard it all right. Six Guns is a full professional shooting packed game available in the Android market. This game has got everything to make you a big fan of it just by shooting here and there. Of course, there you would be getting all new kinds of Guns and a lot many things inside the game. The game weighs pretty high space so you got to have required space on your respective Android smartphone to play this amazing Gun shooting game. Six Guns is available for free and you can easily grab it from Google Play Store. Six Guns for PC Free Download is available and you can easily get it down for your PC from here. Following detailed tutorial will help you out installing this game on your PC. Take a look!
You might like this too : Death Dome for PC Free Download (Windows 7/8/XP/Vista/Mac)
Six Guns game is one of the most popular Shootings game ever made for a smartphone. When it comes to a new technology, this game will make you realized the same thing. Six Guns has an eye catchy graphics all over the game just to make you feel like a real Shooter. You are allowed to explore a truly enormous and open Wild West frontier. Well, of course you will have some more companions with you in terms of Cowboys, bandits and many more. Interesting, isn't it? Six Guns belongs to a third person shooting game to make your enemies play. Keep your eyes sharp and get reached to your destination by falling your other companions down. To make you more familiar, following we have enlisted a few interesting and important features of this game, Six Guns. Have a look!
Features of Six Guns for Android
- Explore the whole world in your own style in Arizona and Oregon
- Discover new destinations by completing the required tasks
- New events to be completed with new adventurous and a lot many things
- Compete with numerous more obstacles, survive more and get reached
- Take on more than 40 different missions and get them completed
- 8 different horses, 19 weapons and many more things are there to be unlocked by you
- Wear your favorite costume, ride on to the horse and explore the World with your companions and Guns
- You will get many other things just to help you in crucial conditions
Impressed? This game has already won many hearts with some awards in its bucket. You are here to download and install this game for your PC, right? Well, we are about to get on to the tutorial. Here it is!
Six Guns for PC Free Download (Windows 7/8/XP/Vista/Mac)
Step 1 :
Make sure your PC has a proper Android Emulator installed in it. If not, kindly follow the below given link from where you can easily download and install an Android Emulator.
Download Bluestacks for Windows and Mac
Step 2 :
After clicking on to the above link, you will be redirected to the Bluestacks's official website. There you need to select your PC's current operating system and then hit on to the Download button.
Step 3 :
It takes several minutes to complete the whole process. After a while, it'd be there on your desktop loading.
Step 4 :
You can see Bluestacks home page on your desktop along with a number of different options. You need to click on to the Search option.
Step 5 :
After that, you can see a search box on your display. Enter Six Guns in the search box by using your PC's Keyboard and hit on to the Find option.
Step 6 :
You can see numerous games options along with our requested one, Six Guns. Make sure to click on to the Install button to move further.
Step 7 :
Complete all the instructions well and you will be redirected to Google Play Store. Click on to the Install button, accept the licence of this game and it will be downloading itself. It takes some time to complete the downloading process. After this, the game will be installed automatically in the PC.
Step 8 :
Come back to the main home page of Bluestacks. Click on to the My Apps option, there you can see all the previously installed games and apps on this Emulator along with our Six Guns game too. Click on to the game's icon and start shooting right from now!
You're done! You have successfully installed Six Guns game on your current PC. You can get the best gaming experience from here and it will make you realized that, whatever you have done is worth it.
Talking about the Android Emulator, Bluestacks is the best Android Emulator available in the entire tech market. It is widely available for free for both Windows PCs and Mac Systems. It has a huge fan following over the World and most of all the Android users do like to have this Emulator on their respective PCs so that they can play or can make use of their favorite apps and games from the PCs too.
What's your thought on this?Do you like to play such Shooting games? Do share your experience with us. Meanwhile, if you have any questions or queries to be asked, do let us know. Put down your valuable words as a comment below this post in the comment section. We would like to hear from you. Your feedback is always Welcomed!
Death Dome for PC Free Download (Windows 7/8/XP/Vista/Mac)


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Rutgers Changes Course, Fires Rice
Because there's video, and because the video depicts what it depicts, the story of Mike Rice's loud, abusive, mostly unhappy and recently ended tenure as men's basketball coach at Rutgers was never going to be a one-day story. That Rutgers unquestionably did the right thing on Wednesday morning in firing Rice did little to remove the sting and stink of what the video showed—Rice bullying his players in a way that looked to land somewhere north of tough coaching and somewhere south of felony assault. Given Rice's performance as measured in terms of wins and losses over his three years at Rutgers, it seems likely that he was headed for the exit one way or another. But the shape and sound of all this ensured that this remains a subject of interest, even as Rice—and Rutgers basketball—are consigned once again to obscurity.
This isn't just a hype machine stuck in overdrive, either: it's a strange story that only gets stranger upon examination, and one which has expanded enough to put pressure on Rutgers' Athletic Director and President. Beyond the strange details of the story—Eric Murdock, the whistle-blower who released the videos, happens to be one of the best backcourt players in the history of the Big East—Rice's actions and the school's inaction raises a larger and more stubbornly complicated question of responsibility. Not just in terms of who besides Rice should be held accountable, but in terms of what a university owes its student-athletes.
"If a Rutgers professor had done what Rice did, he would have been fired immediately," Sports Illustrated's George Dohrmann writes. "If [President Robert] Barchi and [AD Tim] Pernetti had viewed what Rice did outside the prism of big-time athletics, if their concern was really for those students, they would have watched Rice treat those athletes worse than most people treat their dogs and canned him. Instead, they were too worried about themselves and the Rutgers brand."
For all the abstracted debates about what Rice's behavior reflects about the culture of college sports or the bizarre and mini-culture Rice created, Rutgers' concern at the moment is plain—how to regain the trust that has been so thoroughly lost since everyone first saw those videos. "[Rice] wasn't a petulant Hollywood director or a reckless contestant on reality TV," the Journal's Jason Gay writes. "He was at a university, where the primary goal—despite all the warped priorities and millions in college sports—is supposedly to teach and prepare a next generation. Rutgers has a choice: What kind of school does it want to be? What does it stand for? Right now it looks like another school that got swept up by sports, and learned a lesson the hard way."
* * *
As a general rule, it's not really fair to call a teenager, even one as talented as Canadian hoops prodigy Andrew Wiggins, The Next LeBron James. There are a variety of obvious reasons for this, starting with the fact that LeBron James is not anywhere near done being This Particular LeBron James. But Wiggins, the top recruit in a stacked class of rising collegiate one-and-dones—he's presently uncommitted, although any college hoops fan could make some solid guesses as to where he'll end up next year—is unique, and not just because he looks like one of the most talented wing players to do the requisite NCAA layover in some years.
"Spend some time talking to Andrew Wiggins and you quickly realize he's far from LeBron James," SB Nation's Ricky O'Donnell writes. "Wiggins doesn't seem impressed by anything he's capable of doing and doesn't appear to grasp why everyone makes such a big fuss about it. Wiggins does not want to be a rock star. He seems like the type of person who just wants to be left alone to hang out with his friends and play video games. Which is to say, Andrew Wiggins seems very much like an 18-year old."
Found a good column from the world of sports? Don't keep it to yourself — write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we'll consider your find for inclusion in the Daily Fix. You can email David at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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CAPE GIRARDEAU -- John Ace Hensley, 80, died Dec. 25, 2011, at St. Francis Medical Center in Cape Girardeau.
Born Nov. 14, 1931, in Fornfelt, to the late Marshall and Eva Davidson Hensley, he served during the Korean War in the U.S. Army as a demolitions expert. He retired as printing press operator from the St. Louis Post Dispatch in 1982 and was a member of Unity Baptist Church.
On April 5, 1953, in Illmo, he married Peggy Foulk who preceded him in death.
He was also preceded in death by a son, Robert Dale Hensley, three sisters, Mary Lou Hensley, Anne Vincent and Ruth Welker, and a brother, "Clif" Hensley.
Survivors include: a son and daughter-in-law, John David and Laura Hensley of Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; a daughter and son-in-law, Jo Donna and Charles Priest of Marble Hill; two brothers, Jim Hensley and Toney Hensley; and nine grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren.
Visitation is scheduled from 4-8 p.m. today at the Amick Burnett Funeral Chapel in Scott City. Visitation will continue from 9 a.m. until time of services at 11 a.m. Wednesday at the Unity Baptist Church in Benton with Dennis Lowe officiating.
Burial with full military honors will be at Unity Baptist Church Cemetery.


text:
Definition of bocaccio in English:
noun (plural bocaccios)
An edible rockfish, of particular commercial importance in California.
- Sebastes paucispinis, family Scorpaenidae.
Example sentences
- These include seafood favorites such as red snapper, red drum, and bocaccio - species already under pressure from commercial fishing.
- For some of the most valuable species like red drum in the south Atlantic, red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico and bocaccio in the Pacific, the number rises to 56%, 59% and 87%, respectively.
- In the most dramatic example cited, the researchers found that recreational anglers landed 87% of the total Pacific coast bocaccio that year.
Ultimately from American Spanish bocacho 'big-mouth(ed)'.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: bo·cac·cio
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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Researchers add that it is difficult to diagnose because movement disorder masks symptoms
WEDNESDAY, Nov. 28 (HealthDay News) — Depression is the most important determinant of the health status of people with Parkinson's disease, according to early findings from a large study of Parkinson's patients.
Parkinson's is a brain disease that affects muscle and causes tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movement. It's believed that about half of Parkinson's patients experience some form of depression at some point, and research suggests that depression and anxiety are more common in Parkinson's patients than in patients with other chronic diseases.
The early findings from the Parkinson's Outcomes Project were released Wednesday by the National Parkinson Foundation and suggest that the impact of depression on the health status of Parkinson's patients is almost twice that of the movement problems associated with the disease.
Read the rest of the article here.


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A beautiful addition to any pond. Perennials and frost tolerant. Blossoms normally float on the water surface. Most require 5-6 hours of direct sunlight. They also require still water depths of 6-18". Cover 60% - 70% of your ponds surface with water lilies as part of your balanced pond formula.
Hollandia - My Personal Favorite, a large, double flowers borne in profusion. Pale pink in color with a slight fragrance. Requires full sun, at least 6 hours. Spreads 9-18 feet.
The Ultimate in romance. The sun sets, all the other water lilies go to sleep. But the moon appears and these exotic flowers unfold. Opens at dusk, and don't close until mid-morning the next day. 8"-10" flowers stand well above the waters surface. Requires at least 3 hours of sunlight, but prefer 6 hours or more. Require still water 6-18" over rootstock.
Red Flare - A Show stopper!!! Spectacular dark red petals and deep maroon stamens. Blooms only at night.
Flowers stand high above the waters surface on tall strong stems. This flower opens so fast when the sun goes down, that you can actually see the petals move. The foliage is a dark red and each pad measures close to 12 inches across. Spreads up to 18 feet.
Woods White Knight
Parrots Feather
Umbrella Palm
Blondie's Web Designs
You are Visitor #


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View the original article at: http://www.countryweekly.com/videos/zac-brown-and-vince-gill-jam-gregg-allman
In addition to basically creating the Southern rock sound, Gregg Allman and the Allman Brothers left a lasting impression on Zac Brown and many of today's country stars.
Zac, along with fellow stars Trace Adkins, Brantley Gilbert, Vince Gill and Eric Church, gathered to pay tribute to Gregg and his band's legacy for All My Friends: Celebrating The Songs & Voice of Gregg Allman, a two-CD/one-DVD live celebration that was released on May 6 [1]. Additionally, fans will find Allman associates Derek Trucks, Susan Tedeschi and Warren Haynes and jam stalwarts Widespread Panic on the disk.
Below, check out Gregg, Zac and Vince getting down on the classic "Midnight Rider."
[1] http://celebrategreggallman.com/
[2] http://www.countryweekly.com/videos/dan-shay-perform-19-you-me-conference-room-country
[3] http://www.countryweekly.com/videos/watch-live-reba-mcentire-answers-students-questions-country-music-hall-fame


text:
Shop By Designer
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Princess Meredith, as she is sometimes called, loves nothing better than to receive gifts. Honestly. She receives them like (okay, slightly impatient) royalty, perched on the highest point of the couch, watching me open them with something very much like glee in her expressive little eyes.
Howie's Hearts products are no exception. They're an adorable line of doggie gifts that will thrill your canine buddy.
The dog place mats are a cute little heart shape, washable cotton. They look great underneath the ceramic doggie bowl, also featuring the same Howie's Hearts logo.
One of my personal favourite items is the treat canister. Made of the same heavy ceramic as the doggie bowl, it's got an airtight seal and a handy little metal scoop attached to the side. Merry's treats went inside immediately!
The tin lunchbox with a doggie theme is another great little gift item. They suggest using it for doggie carry-alongs or to send your child's lunch with them to school, but honestly I'm tempted to use it as a little purse. It's very cute.
Each item (except for the place mat) comes with a dozen or so doggie biscuits inside made with healthy ingredients inside like flax seed and kelp powder. Merry gobbled them up as soon as we finished taking the pictures. The bone-shaped dog tins come in two sizes and make a nice gift for dogs and moms alike. They'd be great as little gifts to give away at a doggie birthday party or canine wedding.
The princess was well pleased with her doggie gifts, and mom liked them as well!
Howie's Hearts can be purchased direct from the company
at www.howieshearts.com.


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Cherry Grove specializes in Early Childhood Education which is the foundation for developing the skills necessary to be successful in an elementary setting. We believe that each child is a unique individual capable of thriving when given the proper environment, adequate learning materials, and opportunities to build social skills with individual attention, as well as a chance to develop structure in a nurturing atmosphere.
Cherry Grove accepts children of all learning levels, and abilities. If your child has special needs or requires individual guidance, they can also receive service at our facility. For children requiring ongoing therapy, our center provides an area for therapists to assist your child in a one on one environment.
We teach in a language-rich atmosphere and provide bilingual instruction in both the English and Spanish languages. Whenever possible, we encourage parental participation and volunteers. We feel there is no better way to encourage your child, than to participate in their learning. Cherry Grove Preschool is the only preschool and child care facility in the Denver Metropolitan area that provides a bilingual education for children ages 6 weeks to 12 years old.
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According to an ancient legend the pagoda was built where a wild goose fell after a monk asked for help from Bodhisattva because they had run out of meat.
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Updated 8:25 p.m. ET on Thursday, Aug. 2
The Browns have been sold for more than $1 billion, ESPN's Adam Schefter first reported. The Browns confirmed the sale later Thursday afternoon.
Randy Lerner sold the club to Jimmy Haslam. The first phase of the sale is for more than $700 million, and the second phase will be more than $300 million.
Haslam, the president and CEO of Pilot Flying J, will have controlling interest in the franchise. He has been a minority investor with the Steelers.
"This is a very exciting time for my family and me," said Haslam. "To own such a storied franchise as the Cleveland Browns, with its rich tradition and history, is a dream come true. We are committed to keeping the team in Cleveland and seeing it get back to the elite of the NFL – something all Browns fans want and deserve. We plan to bring relentless dedication and hard work to every aspect of this organization, and we look forward to getting to know this team and community as quickly as possible. Our family is committed to becoming an integral part of the Cleveland community. We also want to thank Randy Lerner for his friendship, counsel and support during this process."
Owners are expected to approve the purchase at their meeting in October. Former Eagles president Joe Banner will join Haslam in Cleveland when the sale is approved by the owners, according to Mary Kay Cabot of the Cleveland Plain Dealer.


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Greenville, NC – Dr. Dudley Flood, former school principal, teacher, coach, and North Carolina Department of Public Instruction administrator, will speak at 3 p.m. on Wednesday, Jan. 19 at Mendenhall Student Center about the disturbing resegregation trend emerging in public schools. The event will be held in Room 1 and is open to the public at no charge.
Flood is currently a lecturer and consultant. He retired in 1990 as associate state superintendent of education before going to work as executive director of the North Carolina Association of School Administrators until 1996.
More than half a century has passed since the US Supreme Court ruled that Southern school segregation was unconstitutional and "inherently unequal," yet research shows that separation between races is more disparate today in our schools than 50 years ago
This resegregation is happening despite the nation's growing diversity, in particular the rapid expansion in the Latino student population, and is contributing to a growing gap in quality between the schools being attended by white students and those serving a large proportion of minority students.
Flood will also speak to the ECU Chapter of Phi Delta Kappa (PDK) at Brook Valley Country Club that evening at 6 p.m. Tickets for this event are $15 and include dinner and gratuity.
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Learn how MacUpdate Desktop can install apps on MacUpdate with the simple click of the icon. Plus, keep all your apps updated.
MarsEdit is a blog editor for OS X that makes editing your blog like writing email, with spell-checking, drafts, multiple windows, and even AppleScript support.
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Quartet For Vezina
Wednesday, 06.13.2007 / 1:53 PM PT / Features
By John McGourty, NHL.com
Vancouver Canucks goalie Roberto Luongo, 28, will never score a hat trick in competition, but he might walk off with three awards this year, the Vezina Trophy, awarded to the goalkeeper best at his position in the regular season; the Hart Trophy that goes to the player most valuable to his team; and the Lester B. Pearson Award, the player's choice for regular-season MVP, on Thursday, June 14, during the 2007 NHL Awards Television Special at the historic Elgin Theatre in Toronto (8:30 p.m., ET, CBC).
Luongo had a tremendous first season with the Canucks, arriving in a blockbuster trade last June with Lukas Krajicek for Todd Bertuzzi, Alex Auld and Bryan Allen. Luongo was 47-22-6 with a 2.29 goals-against average and a .921 save percentage.
More importantly, Vancouver went 32-8-6 after Dec. 6 to capture the Northwest Division title. The Canucks broke team records with 49 wins and 105 points. He also helped coach Alain Vigneault to a Jack Adams Award nomination as the NHL's top coach.
"Roberto is the foundation that we're going to build around," Vigneault said. "He's got the culture that both (GM) Dave (Nonis) and I want. He's got the passion and the work ethic. He's what we're going to build this team around."
Luongo explained the secret of his success to the Vancouver Province.
"I hate losing, no matter what I do," Luongo said. "It's not only hockey. I am a very competitive guy. Losing is not something that I enjoy. Obviously, I take it hard. It takes me a while to get over it."
Luongo is one of four candidates selected by a poll of NHL general managers, along with Calgary's Miikka Kiprusoff, the Rangers' Henrik Lundqvist and the Devils' Martin Brodeur. There are four candidates this year because two of them tied for third.
Brodeur is in contention for his third Vezina Trophy. He won in 2003 and 2004 and has been nominated seven times. He has also been nominated for the Hart Trophy.
Brodeur, 35, won an NHL-record 48 games, surpassing Philadelphia Flyers' goalie Bernie Parent's 47 set in 1973-74. Brodeur led the NHL with 12 shutouts and ranked third with a 2.18 goals-against average and .922 save percentage.
"I think it was an exciting season for myself," Brodeur told the Newark Star-Ledger. "I had a lot of success. We had a good team and I was part of it."
Brodeur led the NHL by playing in 78 games and by stopping 2,011 shots. His 2,182 shots against were eight behind league-leader Kiprusoff and 13 ahead of Luongo. Thanks to Brodeur's high level of play, the Devils were able to win the Atlantic Division by two points over the Pittsburgh Penguins.
Brodeur was the runner-up for the Vezina Trophy in 1997, 1998 and 2006. He was third in 2001. In 13 seasons, Brodeur, the Devils' first-round pick, 20th overall, in the 1990 draft, has a 494-263-105 record. His 152 consecutive playoff games for Devils is an NHL record. Brodeur won the Stanley Cup in 1995, 2000 and 2003.
Read the Full Story


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Definition of chip in English:
- Jabbing at the wood, they remove chips three to six inches tong.
- Nests are lined with bark chips or wood shavings or are a shallow cup made of roots, leaves and other plant fibers.
- The landowner gets quick cash, the company gets wood for chips, and workers at local sawmills get laid off.
- There were no obvious tool marks, chips or defects, and the finish was perfectly consistent down to the sudden transition at the base of every fold.
- If you're not prepared to rigorously keep up that pristine appearance, then the ensuing scuff marks, chips and cracks are sadly all too obvious.
- It's a good way to discover scratches, chips and dents early.
- I also found a nice handmade chip basket in different colored wood.
- I chuckled to myself and dipped another warm chip into the salsa.
- The students brought every kind of chip, dip and snack imaginable to make their last day a memorable feast.
- He smiled and returned the kiss before taking another chip and dipping it in the salsa.
- She decided on two ice creams; one chocolate and one mint chip.
- They all have pink frosting, but the insides are all different flavors, chocolate, cherry chip, black forest, whatever.
- I made another one of those apricot and coconut and chocolate chip cakes and gave a big chunk of it to the boy's mum.
- School heads have blamed the presence of chip vans and fast food shops for leading youngsters away from canteens at lunchtime.
- Veggie sticks - when stacked into a fast food restaurant chip holder, they look like chips but they are so much healthier!
- To test whether the oil is hot enough, dip a chip into the oil and watch.
- You find semiconductors at the heart of microprocessor chips as well as transistors.
- Current integrated circuits, or computer chips, contain about 100 million transistors each.
- The paper describes the proper structure for a new kind of metal electrode to accompany novel insulating materials in transistors on computer chips.
- That was a mercenary term for a poker game with fake chips, one just played for relaxation.
- I thought maybe he'd taken a sudden interest in sewing but no - he intends to use them as gambling chips for poker games over at the other hotel.
- A poker player with lots of chips can force the game.
- More often than not you'll leave the next shot short with your chip or putt, and you'll probably be long with the next.
- He hit a poor tee shot, required two chips to find the green and then two-putted from 10 feet.
- If a player gets too aggressive on a downhill putt on one of those greens, his next shot could be a chip or a pitch from the fairway.
verb (chips, chipping, chipped)[with object]
- A small hand shovel was leaning against the dirt wall in front of him and Eron picked it up and began chipping away portions of the wall.
- That afternoon I'd chipped my own pieces off the Wall.
- A second test involves chipping small sections of concrete from the floor in several areas.
- Bollards look unsightly with their paints all chipped off.
- The lock had the appearance of a half - rusted mailbox; the wall it belonged to also owned a door with most of the paint chipped off.
- Tables were overturned, the wood chipped off in jagged points with their legs snapped off and gnawed on.
- This would be repeated until the rock was chipped down to the approximate size and shape of one of the few dozen letters in the flatumm alphabet.
- Once cooled, the outer clay is chipped away and the carbonized core reamed out, with the casting filed and chased.
- It took three or four weekends to chip enough stone for one weekend's block laying.
- At the far end, Kanu shimmies outside the box, makes room for a shot and tries to chip the ball into the top left-hand corner.
- The president was in the small putting green outside the Oval Office chipping golf balls and whining - he did this a lot - to his aides.
- Beckham adroitly chips a dangerous ball into the box - who does he think he is, Zidane?
a chip off the old block
- informal Someone who resembles his or her parent, especially in character.Example sentences
- And he's a brick, a chip off the old block, a good 'un.
- Daniel '71, Ph.D. '78 (early Islamic history), is what old-timers would call a chip off the old block.
- Son has worked with father since his teens and, by all accounts, is definitely a chip off the old block for, like his dad, Chris is 'a practical guy'.
- 2
- informal A deeply ingrained grievance or feeling of resentment, often deriving from a sense of inferiority and marked by aggressive behavior.From an old custom of placing a chip of wood on one's shoulder as a challenge to a rival: if the rival knocked the chip off they were agreeing to fightExample sentences
- Savage, like many people who are motivated by hatred, has a chip on his shoulder as a failed academic rejected by liberal Berkeley.
- I had a chip on my shoulder about the chips on other people's shoulders, and as so often with shoulder chips, the chips I perceived in others were often imagined or exaggerated.
- I suppose you could grow up with a chip on your shoulder.
when the chips are down
- informal When a very serious and difficult situation arises.Example sentences
- But when the chips are down (despite some pretty unlikely situations), their determination shines through.
- And that in itself is another cause for satisfaction, another sign of a 'team' unified in its aim; when the chips are down and things aren't going their way they roll up their sleeves and dig in.
- I learnt a lot about people and dignity when the chips are down and this started my interest in helping people plan their careers and achieve a measure of survivability.
Phrasal verbs
chip away
- Gradually and relentlessly make something smaller or weaker: rivals may chip away at one's profits by undercutting product pricesMore example sentences
- Raquel still stood stiffly, but the passion in his voice was gradually chipping away at her suspicions.
- But over the match, Tranfield gradually chipped away at Nimmo's confidence and forced her to play long rallies.
- Those are the people they're chipping away at now.
chip in (or chip something in)
- Contribute something as one's share of a joint activity, cost, etc. the rookie pitcher chipped in with nine saves and five wins the council will chip in a further $30,000 a yearMore example sentences
contribute, make a contribution, make a donation, payinformal fork out, shell out, cough up, kick in
- Enough revenue was chipped in, so to speak, to allow him to open a new restaurant on Second Avenue, where the food wasn't as sublime as its inspiration but was far more affordable.
- Old songwriting hand Tom Morgan chips in, so does Ben Lee with two beauties, and Jellyfish's Jon Brion not only co-produces but co-writes five tracks.
- Do it now and don't forget to fill out a gift aid declaration so that Uncle Gordon Brown chips in and increases your donation by 28%.
Middle English: related to Old English forcippian 'cut off'.
The word chip was probably formed from an Old English word, forchippian, 'to cut off'. A person who is thought to resemble one of their parents in character or behaviour can be described as a chip off the old block. The phrase was originally found in the forms chip of the same block and chip of the old block, so that the person appeared made from the same material. To have a chip on your shoulder is to be aggressively sensitive about something, usually some long-standing grievance or cause of resentment. The expression is first recorded in American English. An explanation can be found in an early example from the Long Island Telegraph of 20 May 1830: 'When two churlish boys were determined to fight, a chip [of wood] would be placed on the shoulder of one, and the other demanded to knock it off at his peril.'Another meaning of chip is 'a counter used in gambling games, representing money', and such gambling chips, especially as used in the game of poker, feature in a number of common phrases. If someone has had their chips, they are beaten or out of contention. The idea is of having run out of gambling counters or chips with which to place a stake. Similarly, when the chips are down you find yourself in a very serious and difficult situation. To cash in your chips is to die—you are no longer 'in the game'.
Deep-fried slices of potato have been known as chips since the time of Dickens. You might think of the phrase cheap as chips as being a recent invention, but it, too, goes back to at least the 1850s, when it was used in an advert in The Times.
Words that rhyme with chipblip, clip, dip, drip, equip, flip, grip, gyp, hip, kip, lip, nip, outstrip, pip, quip, rip, scrip, ship, sip, skip, slip, snip, strip, tip, toodle-pip, trip, whip, yip, zip
For editors and proofreaders
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Definition of chip in:
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Our Daily Bread Food Pantry, Dover — Needs gift cards to Market Basket, Shaw's, Hannaford and cereals, fruit (canned), peaches, pears, applesauce, toilet paper, canned beans, deodorant, shampoo, razors (men and women), shaving cream, bar soap, laundry detergent. Contact is Sheila Cronin, 603-742-8868.
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Posted By:Â Matthias Paul Kuhlmey
The German magazine, Der Spiegel, is running a very interesting cover story this week, entitled "Heimat." When I tried to explain to my wife what the article is all about, I l realized that there is no English word to translate Heimat. After doing some research, we acknowledge that Heimat "is a German word that has no simple English translation, denoting the relationship of a human being towards a certain spatial social unit. The term forms a contrast to social alienation and usually carries positive connotations. It is often expressed with terms such as home or homeland, but these English counterparts fail to encapsulate the true meaning of the word."
With further lack of words, let us attempt to explain the current market or market participants' behavior — as good as we can (promise). Setting the scene: We have terrible job numbers in the U.S. — meaning terrible(!) — about 50% under expectations, as reported last Friday (known as a "miss" in financial jargon); there is a continuously deteriorating situation in Europe, with our beloved European Central Bank (ECB)  preparing to buy European Sovereign Debt to ease markets; and, last but not least, we have seen a modest increase in Unemployment Claims, here at home. The Conclusion:  It does not matter! The "Solution":  As soon as bad news "hit the tape," the Talking Heads of the FED, ECB et al (Central Banks Unite) are not shy of words, even though they should choose them carefully. The "quick fix" is generously promised, and a bit of "hinting here and there" gives investors the confidence needed.
Wait a minute, what is an investor, anyway? You would think a thoughtful person, studying balance sheets, and being in for the long run — but not so fast. Doing some research on this word, even speculators may as well be considered investors. And here is the dilemma: Central Banks, ever since the Credit Crisis of 2008/2009, have been facilitating the most significant liquidity injection ever experienced by modern society. The Bank of Japan (BoJ) and ECB have expanded their balance sheets to about 25% of respective GDPs, while the FED and Bank of England come in at around 20%. On this basis, we are not talking investing, but rather of a massive inflation trade in the making.
Without a more formal approach to investing (and now we are referring to the "real thing"), there will be disappointment over the outcome, sooner than later. However, if you think all is "dandy," consider another great data point, as observed by Bloomberg:  Apple stock's price performance has accounted for 8% (!) of the Standard and Poor's increase from March 2009 to this week. Fortunately, we do have an English word to describe our reaction to this — "Speechless!"


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Supported in part by the Medical Research Committee, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
▸Requests for reprints should be addressed to A. Rapoport, M.D., Director, Metabolic-Renal Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto 2B, Ontario, Canada.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Thirty-three patients with "active" urinary sediments (containing red cells and red cell or heme granular casts) that have persisted up to 10 years without significant deterioration in renal function are described. Fourteen patients presented with sore throat or gross hematuria, or both, and the other 19 were discovered through abnormal routine urinalyses. Since no difference was observed in most of their clinical, renal functional, or histological features, both groups are considered to represent the same disease process. No patient had edema, renal hypertension, or evidence of a systemic disease. In all cases most glomeruli seen in renal biopsies were normal. When lesions were observed, a focal, usually segmental, proliferative glomerulonephritis predominated. These cases probably represent a form of focal, proliferative nephritis of presently unknown cause. The differential diagnosis between this condition, acute poststreptococcal nephritis, and "latent chronic" glomerulonephritis is discussed. The distinction is important because idiopathic focal proliferative nephritis may have not only a different cause but also a more benign prognosis.
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Appendix E.7: Explorer Program U.S. Participating Investigator (Explorer USPI), is to solicit potential Explorer Program Mission of Opportunity (MO) investigations in which investigators participate as a Co-I for an instrument, experiment, or technology demonstration that is being built and flown by a sponsor agency other than NASA. See Section 5.3 of the Stand Alone Mission of Opportunity Notice (SALMON) Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Program Element Amendment (PEA) H7: Explorer 2011 Science Missions of Opportunity.
With this amendment, the NASA Research Announcement NNH10ZDA001N, "Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) 2010 Appendix E.7: Explorer U.S. Participating Investigators," is amended to clarify requirements in Section 2.2.3, Duration of Awards.
The following paragraph is added to Section 2.2.3, Duration of Award:
If the proposed investigation is for more than five years, then a continuation proposal may be submitted for a new award covering a period of up to five additional years. The progress and accomplishments of the initial five years of the investigation will be reviewed as part of the decision making process for the continuation award. The budget for only the first five years of the investigation should be entered into the NSPIRES or Grants.gov electronic budget forms.