text:
I've been a long-time PMS user, running versions going back as far as 1.53 (and probably even earlier than that).
I've just upgraded my streaming box to openSUSE 13.1 and PMS 1.90.1 using the generic-linux-unix download from Sourceforge. This problem started, though, with version 1.71.0 just after I upgraded to openSUSE 13.1 from openSUSE 12.2, where PMS ran flawlessly.
The issue is that mencoder no longer seems to work. I've installed all the latest updates to 13.1 (as well as made sure that I've got the packman version of mplayer installed - along with the necessary w32codec package. All transcoding settings are set to default (I made sure to let 1.90.1 recreate the conf file rather than trying to reuse the old one).
When I try to stream to my ps3 using mencoder, mencoder bombs out, and the PS3 says that the content isn't available. If I stream to an android device, it works as expected - my phone - running rockplayer lite as a player and upnp play to access the media server - renders as it has in the past (kinda blocky, but functional).
If I switch to ffmpeg, it plays on the ps3, but the playback is choppy. The streaming server itself isn't showing any high utilization on any of its 4 cores, and is certainly capable of streaming smoothly (I even stream mkv files usually, but these are just mp4/h.264 encoded files that are failing).
Feels like I'm missing something obvious. I can't find any differences in how mencoder is being called between the two renderers, but it seems that it is.
Thanks for any suggestions on where to look.


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Jon Bittner, CHS teacher and Pirate varsity boys' hockey coach: "Yes, I am excited to watch the Wild play, because I think they will do well this season."
Nate Erickson, CHS junior and Pirate hockey player: "Yes, because they're going all the way this year."
Kyle Proulx, CHS senior and Pirate hockey player: "Yes, because I think Parise is going to take a big step for the Wild."
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Production Time: 3-5 business days + 3-5 business days for shipping.
Shipping Rate: FREE
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Measuring Instructions: Inside Mount: Provide the measurements of the inside of your window recess. NOT the size you want the blind. Outside Mount: Provide the width and height you need the blind/shade to cover. Click here for detailed measuring instructions.
I have decorated three homes in two years with various shapes and sizes of Windows. Theses blinds are soft decorative , energy saving cellular blinds. Works great with self pull. Mounts easily. Love color inside and white to street tops them off.
We love how easy the blinds were to install. They look great and are light and easy to adjust.
I got two custom fit cellular blinds for $170 on paylessdecor.com. The same style of blinds cost over $400 at JC Penney. The blinds that I received from paylessdecor were of comparable quality to blinds that I've previously purchased at JC Penney. I wish I had known about this website last summer when I bought blinds for my bedroom!
Does the Advantage 9/16 Cordless Cellular Shade have double cells?
Unfortunately not. Our Premier and Home Basics cell shade products offer double cells. Feel free to check them out at your convenience.
Can this shade withstand being installed inside a screened in covered patio? No glass windows...only screens
We only offer one product that can be used on a screened in patio. That is our Advantage Exterior Solar Shades. All the other products are not designed for outdoor use. I have enclosed a link to that product below.
Do the Advantage 9/16th cellular shades come in blackout. I dont see it when trying to order
Yes they do! I have enclosed a link below to the 9/16" Advantage Cellular Shades Blackout:
I was wondering what material these shades are made from? Is the front material polyester or is it a more paper-feeling material?
Cell shades are made from a cotton-blended honeycomb material. I highly recommend you order free samples (10 samples max) to get a feel for the texture/color of the product. I have enclosed a link below...
Does this come in up-down?
Unfortunately not. However our 9/16" Signature Double Cell Shades offer the option of "Top Down/Bottom Up + Cordless". I have enclosed a link below. Feel free to check them out at your convenience.
I have a 90 by 65 window and I'm interested in the cordless celluar blinds.
Since there is not a width choice of 90", can we purchase two 45" blinds and mount them at the top, side by side?
Yes...take your total width measurement and divide it by 2. Then simply order 2 blinds (ex/ 45" each). Keep in mind by having 2 blinds on 1 window, there will be a small gap between each shade.
I was wondering if this product could be shipped to Hawaii and what the cost would be. The size is 74 W x 63 L - cellular shade and the shipping address would be 505 Ward Ave. Honolulu 96814
Thank you!
Unfortunately not, we only ship within the continental U.S..


text:
Retrieve vintage versions of data that were available on specific dates in history.
The State's central location for business entity filing, Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, trade and service marks, and fictitious name registrations.
Anyone providing merchandise or services to the public in Palm Beach County must obtain a county occupational license. Various cities may require additional occupational licenses.
Helping investors to get independently-created research information available about stocks and other investments. Access Value Line from a library computer or from your home computer with your library card number.
Search this electronic directory of 10 million U.S. businesses and over 102 million U.S. residents.
Search for information on thousands of funds and stocks. Access Morningstar from a library computer or from home with your library card number.
Business resource that delivers authoritative company and industry information, articles, and statistical data.
Business content from a combination of broker research reports, trade publications, newspapers, journals and company directory listings. You will need a library card to access this resource.
Access news and magazine articles on a wide range of topics: business, computers, current events, economics, education, environmental issues, health care, hobbies, humanities, law, literature and art, politics, science, social science, sports, technology, and general interest. You will need a library card to access this resource.


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Body Image & Wellness
Unattainable and idealized images of women's and girls' bodies are visible in every aspect of advertising and mass communication. Women and girls are bombarded constantly with messages that treat them as objects of sexual fantasy and exploitation or that demean them. Popular culture promotes unrealistic standards of beauty and makes women – particularly young women – susceptible to distorted body images, low self-esteem and psychological and eating disorders. The multi-billion dollar cosmetic surgery industry poses increased health risks for women, including life-long disfigurement. Researchers in our network are documenting negative messaging while encouraging a healthy representation of female beauty in which intellect, creativity and character trump thinness and physical perfection.
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text:
A hard freeze -- with temperatures well into the teens in western Kansas April 9 and expected again April 10 -- will almost certainly damage the wheat crop to some extent, said Jim Shroyer, K-State Research and Extension crop production specialist. Central and eastern Kansas also experienced freezing weather, but temperatures there were mostly in the upper 20s instead of the teens. "The good news is that the wheat crop is not nearly as far along in development as it was at this time last year due to the drought, but any wheat at the jointing stage or later will probably lose some tillers where temperatures were in the teens for an extended time," Shroyer said."
Where only some of the tillers have been damaged, there is still time for undamaged tillers to compensate and minimize any potential yield loss, but that will depend on having adequate moisture, which is uncertain this year, he added.
Wheat in the jointing stage can usually tolerate temperatures in the mid to upper 20s with no significant injury, Shroyer said. But, if temperatures fall into the low 20s or even lower for several hours, the lower stems, leaves, or developing head can sustain injury.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
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This intricately detailed laser-cut pattern puzzle challenges you to refit the pieces back within the frame. Spatial and logical thinking skills are challenged as shape and size combinations can seem daunting. Each wooden puzzle has numerous solutions; can you find even one?
Difficulty Level: 4/10
Product Information
Family Games
Players: 1
Ages: 8 and up
Weight: 98 grams
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text:
GLENDALE, Ariz. -- Quick, name the 49ers' most common opponents on "Monday Night Football."
The Dallas Cowboys? Ha, that's happened only twice. The Seattle Seahawks? Only thrice.
When the 49ers (5-2) visit the Arizona Cardinals (4-3) on Monday night, it'll be their sixth meeting on that prime-time stage, and their fifth in the past six seasons.
Only the Rams' franchise and the New York Giants have faced the 49ers more often on "Monday Night Football," doing so eight and seven times, respectively. At some point, the nation might catch on to the 49ers-Cardinals feud.
No, it's not as historic as the Bears-Packers, Cowboys-Redskins or Raiders-Chiefs. It's also not the type of high-stakes rivalry the 49ers have forged with the Cowboys and Giants. But the 49ers and Cardinals aren't friendly neighbors in the increasingly competitive NFC West.
Cardinals defensive end Calais Campbell talked last week how he "really" hates the 49ers "with a passion." The 49ers didn't respond with similar disgust.
"I'm sorry he feels that way," 49ers linebacker Aldon Smith said. "We come out to compete against whoever we play."
Two of the NFL's most competitive defenses will be on display. The 49ers are allowing the second-fewest points per game (14.3), and the Cardinals rank fourth (16.9).
Their matchup lost a bit of pizazz thanks to the Cardinals' three-game losing streak that followed their 4-0 start. But rather than fade quietly, all it takes is one player to pipe up with what 49ers quarterback Alex Smith called a "strong" word: hate.
Asked who would be his primary blocking assignment, 49ers guard Mike Iupati said "Mr. Campbell." Iupati then noted that "talk is cheap" and that the 49ers widely respect the Cardinals organization.
Echoing that stance was 49ers wide receiver Kyle Williams, who trains with Cardinals standout Larry Fitzgerald in the offseason in Arizona. But as much as Williams admires Fitzgerald's work ethic and growing legacy, this is a team sport, and these teams get ornery with each other.
"Anytime you have a division opponent, there's going to be bad blood or the rivalry aspect," Williams said. "Over here in this camp, we're just worried about winning the game and not getting pulled into that (trash talk)."
Such animosity toward the 49ers is nothing new, not after Cardinals defensive tackle Darnell Dockett engaged in a 2010 Twitter war with 49ers tight end Vernon Davis.
Such disdain isn't mandatory, however. "I didn't see that rule over there," said linebacker Clark Haggans, who joined the 49ers almost immediately after his four-year tenure with the Cardinals ended Aug. 31.
Cardinals coach Ken Whisenhunt chalked up the series' intensifying relations to some of their tight outcomes, especially in his first season at the helm in 2007. The 49ers won the season opener 20-17 on "Monday Night Football," then took the rematch 37-31 in overtime in Arizona.
The Cardinals swept the 2008 meetings by scores of 23-13 and 29-24 before the 49ers won the next five encounters, often easily and without allowing more than 16 points in any game.
Just when the 49ers thoughts they extended that streak to six straight wins, the host Cardinals pulled off a second-half comeback and won 21-19 last Dec. 11.
Add it up and it's arguably the NFC West's best rivalry since the Cardinals arrived via 2002 realignment.
"It is? I thought it was us and Seattle," 49ers wide receiver Michael Crabtree said. "I don't really know."
True, the 49ers and Seahawks get after it, but 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh improved to 3-0 against Seahawks nemesis Pete Carroll after a 13-6 win Oct. 18.
Now the 49ers return for a second straight prime-time kickoff. They tout the second-most wins in MNF history with 41. That's only two behind the Dallas Cowboys' mark and, for rivalry's sake, only 35 more than the Cardinals.
"Those guys are definitely where we want to be, those guys are NFC West champs," Cardinals cornerback Patrick Peterson said. "We have a lot to prove, and we want to get where they are."
For more on the 49ers, see Cam Inman's Hot Read blog at blogs.mercurynews.com/49ers. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/CamInman.


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- Mar 2:
- George Shirakawa Jr.'s former constituents dismayed by charges
- Mar 1:
- Shirakawa's exit highlights county's rules for succession
- Herhold: Shirakawa case a triumph for the prosecution, disgrace for politician
- Mercury News editorial: George Shirakawa's crimes eluded lax county oversight
- DA: Supervisor George Shirakawa deceived public for years, had a secret slush fund
George Shirakawa Jr., the embattled Santa Clara County supervisor who was charged Friday with 12 counts of criminal activity, including perjury and misappropriation of funds, resigned from his seat.
In a one-page memo, Shirakawa blamed his woes on depression and gambling. He said he will plead guilty to the charges on March 18.
"For years, I have suffered from depression and a gambling addiction,'' he wrote. "Unfortunately, my gambling addiction went untreated for too long, which led to bad decisions and actions that I deeply regret.''
Shirakawa went on to say he has been in ongoing medical treatment for both afflictions.
While he acknowledged that addictive behavior is not an excuse for his conduct, "there is only one person responsible for my conduct and that person is me.''
"It has been through the treatment process that I realize that I need to accept responsibility for all of my actions. That starts today,'' he wrote.
Shirakawa added that his resignation means the community that has "nurtured and raised me for 50 years and elected me for 20'' can now move forward and focus on more important issues, including public health and safety issues.
He said he will always be grateful for the "immense ongoing support from my community,'' and apologized for his actions.
"To all my constituents,'' he wrote, "I am truly sorry for my actions and for any pain I have caused you.''
Contact Tracy Seipel at 408 275-0140.


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From The Pros: Eye Makeup Tips For Brown Eyes
Try these expert eye makeup tips to make those brown eyes stand out in the best way possible
Apply the base gently, making sure that you get it all across the eye lid, in the crease and all the way up to the brow bone. Blend it well with your skin � doing this should lighten your eyes and brighten them without making too dramatic of a difference. The next step is to then apply the color.
SEE NEXT PAGE: Application of Color
Older comments
Liked the article. I just could never use brown mascara.
by Dee Thursday, May 9, 2013 at 06:14PM Report as inappropriate
I like these tips :)
by talecon Sunday, April 14, 2013 at 05:35PM Report as inappropriate
Excellent, detailed advice that is good for MANY eye colors, not just brown! As for the brown-eyes-specific tips regarding color choices, there wasn't really any new information here.
by tallredamanda Monday, March 11, 2013 at 07:08AM Report as inappropriate
Wow, I got lots of ideas and tips for my brown eyes. You solved my problem. Thank you!
by makeupbymerry Saturday, March 2, 2013 at 01:36AM Report as inappropriate
My eyes are almost black. This article helped me a lot. Thank you!
by karen_russell Tuesday, February 19, 2013 at 08:46PM Report as inappropriate
These help
by yadijane Monday, February 18, 2013 at 06:08PM Report as inappropriate
I actually like these, Except i will stick to my black eyeliner lol
by HxCookie Monday, February 11, 2013 at 01:07PM Report as inappropriate
I don't have brown eyes, but enjoyed this very much. I adore eye shadows. My favorite makeup item. With the exception of the bright yellow, I loved the looks. The yellow was costume like, not for actual wearing. Yuck!
by lori_testy Friday, February 8, 2013 at 08:40PM Report as inappropriate
I never knew darker clors made my eyes look smaller!
by Katatonia Wednesday, January 23, 2013 at 03:42PM Report as inappropriate
by blogger Wednesday, January 23, 2013 at 07:29AM Report as inappropriate
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September 21, 2005
There's one in Charlotte and one in Atlanta and now commissioners want to bring a National Dragway facility to Augusta. News 12 is on your side to show you how the new dragway could mean a boost in Augusta's economy.
The Masters Tournament brings in about $40 million a year to Augusta. But this proposed drag racing facility could bring in 30 million more. And while some commissioners are ready to give the green light on planning for the project, one commissioner is saying not so fast.
It's one of the country's largest spectator sports.
"One time it was a kid's game on the street but now professional people are doing this kind of racing," said Marion Williams.
And commissioner Marion Williams is not just a spectator, he's been drag racing since the 1960's. So it's no surprise that he's at the starting line for a race to bring a million dollar dragway facility to Augusta.
"This is something that will bring a lot of economic dollars to Augusta," Williams said.
Yesterday, commissioners met with the International Hotrod Association to discuss how a dragway would serve as a catalyst for new business and community involvement. The association said that just one national race could bring in 30 million dollars a year.
The million-dollar facility would be built off Mike Padgett Highway on 250 acres of land that the city already owns.
And at a cost of $5 million to build, all the commissioners are showing interest in the new dragway, except for one.
"This is something we can talk about, but we should decide this later on because of funding," said Bobby Hankerson.
But while Mr. Hankerson says wait, City Administrator Fred Russell says the funding is available and the track is one more thing Augusta could be proud of.
"Augusta has a tradition in sports and tradition in sports competition and we're just building on that with this program," Russell said.
"It shouldn't take a rocket scientist to figure this out. Anybody who don't support this has got to have a different from bringing economic dollars to Augusta," Williams said.
The commission voted to go ahead with planning. City Administrator Fred Russell said they will be coming up with a preliminary proposal within 90 days but the earliest we would see anything being constructed would be this time next year.


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PARKERSBURG - A quick snowstorm surprised the Parkersburg area Monday, causing hazardous driving conditions and several accidents.
Parkersburg Mayor Bob Newell said public works crews try to remain on top of the impending weather conditions but some storms are hard to gauge.
"We knew it was coming, but (the snow) fell quicker than everyone expected," Newell said Monday night. "The roads are slippery."
Newell said city crews hope to repair some of the city's potholes with the prediction of warmer weather by the end of the week.
"These kinds of events it's hard to keep ahead," he said. "Hopefully, we can get things cleaned up and holes patched and get ready for the next one."
Rick Lemley, public works director for the city of Parkersburg, said crews were tending to the streets Monday evening. "We started early treating roads," he said.
Vienna Mayor Randy Rapp said city crews were out in full force Monday. He said officials knew the snowstorm was coming but like many places in the valley they were trying to keep ahead of it.
"We have five road crews out," he said Monday. "About 5 p.m. this afternoon it wasn't too bad; by 5:45 it was really slick so it did come on quick."
Ken Batty, meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Charleston, said most of the snow - 1 to 3 inches on Monday - is expected to taper off by Thursday.
Fast-moving weather systems have produced snowy and icy conditions in the Mid-Ohio Valley but by the end of the work week residents should see temperatures on the rise, Batty said. Thursday and Friday's highs will be in the low to high 40s, he said.
"We don't have any real severe cold coming in (to the valley)," he said of the rest of the week. "Each cold pattern brought basically one to three inches."
Temperatures today and Wednesday are expected to be in the low to mid 30s.
Batty said motorists should always be careful on untreated surfaces and the recent storms are no exception.
Reports of traffic accidents came in from across the valley, officials said.
Parkersburg Fire Chief Eric Taylor said first responders arrived at an accident at 824 Lakeview Drive in front of Lakeview Estates at 6 p.m. Taylor said one person was transported by EMS.
Lt. G.D. Miller with the Parkersburg Police Department said city police responded to numerous incidents of cars ending up in ditches. He said two crash reports were taken within the city limits as of Monday night, with only the crash on Lakeview Drive resulting in an injury. No details were immediately available, he said.
"We had many that came in as a wreck where someone slid off the road into a ditch," Miller said. "We had one with injury; the rest were just minor (crashes)."
Vienna Police Chief George Young said police responded to about two accidents where cars slid into ditches. He said no damage and no injuries were reported Monday night.
Other accidents took place on Emerson Avenue, Rosemar Road, Murdoch Avenue, Gihon Road in Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike in Wood County. Areas of Interstate 77 reported accidents around the 169 and 181 mileposts, officials said.
Washington County Sheriff Larry Mincks said the county was on a Level 2 snow emergency for Monday night.
"We are seeing mostly frozen surfaces and they are pretty slippery," he said of road conditions Monday. "If you have to go to work check with your employer."
Mincks said the severity of the snow emergency was to give salt trucks and snow plows access to clear off the roads.
"It's to get people off roads so trucks can do their jobs more efficiently," he said. "We've seen quite a few accidents; just small fender benders."
No major accidents or injuries were reported, he said.
A dispatcher with the West Virginia State Police in Parkersburg said officers had been out responding to accidents all night on Monday. She said no information on the accidents was immediately available but police were staying busy with the large demand.
Athens County Sheriff Pat Kelly issued a Level 1 snow emergency around 5:20 p.m. Monday. He said roads were beginning to get snow covered and all drivers should use caution.
A Level 1 means roads are hazardous, icy with blowing and drifting snow.
Marietta and Belpre city schools are closed today. No parent-teacher conferences will be held tonight in Marietta, school officials said. Schools in Pleasants, Ritchie and Tyler counties are closed today.


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Your GNU/Linux computer is an amazing machine. It can display images. It can run programs. It can perform dozens of functions all at the same time. How can you keep track of all this activity? By monitoring the processes that your computer runs, and one of the best ways to monitor and control processes is by using the command line.
Long ago computers were like calculators—they did one thing at a time—but today's computers can multi-task doing hundreds of things at the same time. The different tasks share processor time. This is why you can search the web while writing a paper and listening to music all on the same computer at the same time.
What do you do when you can't make your process stop no matter how many times you click that little `x` in the corner?
Each of these different things happening on the computer is called a "process", and your computer takes turns letting all of the processes run a little bit at a time. The computer works so fast that you usually don't even notice.
But occasionally, a process stops responding to you. What do you do when you can't make your process stop no matter how many times you click that little
x in the corner? You try using the keyboard commands
Esc and
Ctrl + C. You even try
Ctrl + Q,
Ctrl + X, and
Ctrl + Z; but they don't work. What do you do next?
If you can get into a terminal, you can kill any process
Well, if you can get into a terminal, you can kill any process. The command is called
kill. The command name is easy enough to remember, but your problem is knowing what to kill. Each process has a different process identification number (PID) and you must use that number to kill it.
To see a list the processes currently running on your system, you can use the command
ps. If I open a terminal program and type
ps now, I will see this:
[email protected]:~$ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 14036 pts/2 00:00:00 bash 14040 pts/2 00:00:00 ps
(The prompt on my system says
[email protected]:~$. Needless to say, your computer will say something different. When I show an example like this, only type the words after the dollar sign. The computer's response will be shown on the following lines.)
The computer responds telling me what processes I am currently running in this terminal window. First, I am running the terminal window itself using the BASH shell. Then I am running the command
ps. That's not very informative. Is it?
I would really like the computer to show me all of the processes running on my system. To find that, I must use options (letters typed after the command that modify its function). In order to see all of the processes running on my system, I use the
ps aux command:
[email protected]:~$ ps aux
psreports a snapshot of the current processes running on your system.
atells the computer to show all processes
utells the user name of who owns the process, and
xlists processes that were not started in a terminal.
This command will return a long list of processes that scrolls off my terminal screen. Somewhere in that list is the process ID that I am looking for. If I am using a terminal with a scroll bar, I can just scroll back up and read it all to find the process. Personally, however, I prefer to use a different command to get the process ID. The command called
Tasks and processes
What's the difference between a task and a process? Nobody knows. For the most part people use the word task when they are talking about sending things to the processor to avoid saying things like, "the processor processes the process".
Well, actually, there is a difference between tasks and processes. The process that starts your computer is called init. It is listed by the process ID 1. This process is also called Task [0]. For the most part, however, just consider tasks and processes to be the same thing.
Top lists the processes using the most time on the computer's processor. It prints only what will fit in your terminal window, and it refreshes every few seconds to give you an up to date picture of your system. If your program has stalled, then it is probably taking up lots of processor time, and it will be right near the top of the list. Typing
top on my system shows me this:
top - 00:15:36 up 10:53, 1 user, load average: 0.79, 0.69, 0.58 Tasks: 86 total, 3 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 29.9% us, 6.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 62.8% id, 0.0% wa, 0.3% hi, 0.3% si Mem: 484292k total, 361820k used, 122472k free, 25596k buffers Swap: 1421712k total, 0k used, 1421712k free, 169384k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 13247 rosalyn 16 0 155m 67m 46m R 26.3 14.2 11:58.69 seamonkey-bin 3363 root 15 0 93448 50m 44m S 9.0 10.6 6:05.50 XFree86 14032 rosalyn 15 0 27320 14m 25m S 1.0 3.0 0:02.04 konsole 13227 rosalyn 15 0 14168 9928 11m S 0.7 2.1 0:09.65 gvim 3094 gkrellmd 15 0 18824 1340 2240 S 0.3 0.3 2:24.32 gkrellmd 13207 rosalyn 15 0 26532 14m 23m S 0.3 3.1 0:01.69 kdeinit 14196 rosalyn 16 0 2104 1084 1888 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.11 top 1 root 16 0 1516 520 1364 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.58 init
If you lengthen the terminal window, it will show more data. Now, suppose the program "seamonkey" was frozen. I could kill it by typing the command
kill followed by seamonkey's process ID
Of course, to do this I need to get a prompt again.
Top will keep refreshing in the terminal window until you tell it to stop. Both the letter
q for quit and typing the control button and
c at the same time (
Ctrl + C) will stop the program and give you back your prompt.
To kill seamonkey, I can type:
[email protected]:~$ kill 13247
This should stop the process causing the seamonkey window to close, but sometimes it doesn't. What do I do if seamonkey still won't close?
kill also has options. The basic command tries to be nice. It says, "Could you please stop now?" But if the process just won't die when you ask it nicely, then use the option
-9. The command
kill -9 says "take no prisoners!"
So if kill alone doesn't work, I can type:
[email protected]:~$ kill -9 13247
That almost always will terminate the process.
Oh, by the way, you can only kill your own processes as a user. This protects you from accidentally shutting off someone else's programs. If you are logged in as a superuser, however, you can stop another person's programs.
Make sure to
kill the right process though. In the listing above, you may notice that right below seamonkey is a listing for a process called XFree86. XFree86 is my window manager. Killing that would close all of my windows including the terminal that I am writing in now, so be cautious with
Users and superusers
GNU/Linux is designed to keep you from doing things that would damage your system. Each person is given their own account. All of a user's files are labeled as their own and other people usually can't change them. It is the same way for processes. Processes are labeled as belonging to someone, and you can only start and stop processes that belong to you.
But some processes belong to no one, and sometimes processes belonging to someone else get out of control. To affect those processes you have to become a superuser. A superuser, like a superhero, has amazing powers that mere mortals do not. They can start or stop any process; restrict access to files, or free them; add and remove users; and any of a number of incredible things. A superuser can also completely trash your system, so remember "with great power comes great responsibility".
A superuser, like a superhero, has amazing powers that mere mortals do not
Since being a superuser is so dangerous, most people only become one when they must. This is one of the major reasons that people use the command line. They login to a terminal as a superuser, and they logout when they have finished the task that they came to do.
On a GNU/Linux system, the superuser is called "root". When you run
top you will often find processes that are owned by root, and only root can kill those processes. To become root you must switch user using the command
su. When you type
su root it will prompt you for a password.
[email protected]:~$ su root Password:
You had to set a root password when you installed the Linux kernel, so the person who installed your system should have the root password. When you have the root password, you have ABSOLUTE CONTROL over the system (diabolical laughter), so it should not be given out casually.
If the person guarding the password refuses to give you this power, and you are tired of asking them to do something for you such as install new packages in a Debian system using
apt-get install, they can give you partial power by using the command
sudo. It means "switch user and do".
There is a program called
slay that will kill all of the processes used by another person. You can install it on your computer and access it from the command line. I use it when my son leaves several process-hogging games running in the background.
As a superuser, just type
slay and a user name. The user's processes will be terminated. Needless to say, doing this while someone is working on the computer is a way to lose a few friends. So, like all of these commands, caution is required as well as tact.
If you'd like to see what it feels like to get
slayed, save any unsaved documents and then type
slay and your user name. The effect is quite catastrophic and upsetting. Don't say I didn't warn you.
Do you remember how I said that
ps will give you a list of processes? And, lazy person that I am, I didn't want to take the time to read them all. If you want to find a particular process in a long list, you can search the list using the command
Grep is one of those tools that "oldetyme" programmers couldn't survive without
When I type
whatis grep on the command line it returns the following:
[email protected]:~$ whatis grep grep (1) - print lines matching a pattern
Of course there are other ways for me to find a specific process. There are options to
ps (type
ps --help for the options.) The command
ps -C, for example, lets you search by command name. There is even a different command called
pstree that makes a layered diagram of all of the currently running processes. But let us imagine for now that we are option-challenged.
grep is one of those tools that "oldetyme" programmers couldn't survive without. It searches a file for a string and prints it on the screen. You can write the data from the
ps command into a file, and then search it with
grep. Do this by using the greater-than arrow "
>" to send the data to a file. Type the following:
[email protected]:~$ ps aux > pslog.txt
This writes the output of the command
ps aux to a file called pslog.txt.
Reading files on the command line
You can read a file on the command line by using the command
cat. Typing
cat pslog.txt will write the contents of the file to the screen, but it scrolls the entire file across the screen without stopping. If you want to read a file one page at a time, you can use the command
more which will write only what fits on your screen. Press the space bar to scroll to the next page. Older versions of
more only scroll text in one direction, down. Because of this, another program was written that can use the arrow keys to scroll up and down within a file. That program is called
less. (Programmers have a weird sense of humor.)
Now that you have the file, you can search in it. Let's say you're looking for a program called abiword. You should type:
[email protected]:~$ grep 'abiword' pslog.txt
Doing that returns the string:
rosalyn 13386 0.1 2.6 23264 12632 pts/3 S 08:16 0:00 /usr/bin/abiword
Now you've found Abiword's process ID. In my example it is
But in my mind's eye I can hear some veteran command line user out there scoffing. "Ha!" he says, "I could do all of that in one line." It is true that there are usually many ways to do the same thing when you are using the command line. I could simply type:
[email protected]:~$ ps aux | grep "abiword"
The vertical line between the two commands is called a pipe. It is found above the backslash on the keyboard, and it is used to send the output of a process to another process just as the greater than arrow
> is used to send the output of a process to a file. This command pipes the output of
ps directly to
grep and then prints it on the screen.
[email protected]:~$ ps aux | grep "abiword" rosalyn 13386 4.2 2.6 23264 12632 pts/3 S 08:16 0:00 /usr/bin/abiword rosalyn 13396 0.0 0.1 1848 608 pts/2 R+ 08:17 0:00 grep abiword [email protected]:~$
The first line shows the command you searched for and its PID
13386. The second line shows the ID for the command
grep that you just ran to get this data. Pipes and arrows are really useful shorthands, and you can make quite complex commands that all fit on one line, if that makes you happy.
grep is a very useful tool. To see the options, try typing
grep --help on the command line. Some of the more useful options are
grep -r which will search recursively, meaning that it will search not only the files in a directory, but the files in all of the directories below it.
grep -C which stands for context prints a number of lines that you specify above and below a line searched. So, for example, when I type:
[email protected]:~$ grep -C3 'not to be' Hamlet.txt
the computer returns:
Enter Hamlet. Ham. To be, or not to be, that is the Question: Whether 'tis Nobler in the minde to suffer The Slings and Arrowes of outragious Fortune, Or to take Armes against a Sea of troubles,
In the example above, two of the three lines above the searched for line are blank. Cool isn't it?
Virtual terminals and jobs
In many versions of GNU/Linux, they have things called "virtual terminals". A virtual terminal allows you to simulate the experience of being on an old fashioned monochrome terminal. The kind they had before all this new-fangled window stuff was around. This is a necessary safety blanket for old programmers who miss the simplicity of it all. The great thing about having these virtual terminals is that if your graphical user interface hangs, you can switch to a virtual terminal and kill the hung window system. It is just another process after all.
How do you run a program from a terminal?
To get to a virtual terminal, you need to type at the same time the control key, the
Alt key, and the
F1 key. On my system I have six virtual terminals that I get to by typing
Ctrl + Alt + F1 to
Ctrl + Alt + F6. Pressing
Ctrl + Alt + F7 returns me to the window system. This won't always work though. My other computer has no virtual terminals at all, so you will just have to try it and see.
What if you want to start a process and it isn't in your menu? How do you run a program from a terminal?
If you've just downloaded a program, and you are in the same directory as it, you can type
./filenameoftheprogram and it will run. If you don't know where the program is that you want to run, you can find its location by typing
whereis. So if Abiword wasn't on my menu, but I knew that it was on my system and I wanted to run it, I could type:
[email protected]:~$ whereis abiword abiword: /usr/bin/abiword /usr/share/man/man1/abiword.1.gz
The computer gives me two locations for Abiword. The first listing is the actual program. The second listing is for the program's manual pages.Simply typing
/usr/bin/abiword at the command line will start the program, but here is a case where a terminal is like a calculator. The prompt will vanish from the terminal, and won't return until you have closed the program.
To run a process from a terminal and still get the prompt back, you have to run it in the background. to do that put an ampersand at the end of the command.
[email protected]:~$ /usr/bin/abiword& [1] 12620 [email protected]:~$
It gives me a job number and then returns the prompt so I can do something else. The second number on the line tells me the process ID, so I could kill the program if I so desired by typing:
[email protected]:~$ kill 12620 [1]+ Terminated /usr/bin/abiword [email protected]:~$
If I close the terminal that I started it in, Abiword will close, and I will really wish that I had saved my data
When you run a program from a terminal it is called a job and that terminal will number the jobs it is running sequentially. If I restart Abiword, and then type the command
jobs, it returns the following:
[email protected]:~$ jobs [1]+ Running /usr/bin/abiword & [email protected]:~$
So I don't have to remember the long process ID. If I want to end this job, I just call it into the foreground with the command
fg and the job number.
[email protected]:~$ fg 1 /usr/bin/abiword
Then I can close it using the keyboard command
Ctrl + C. The command
fg brings a background program to the foreground, and the command
bg runs a stopped job in the background.
fg and
bg are the terminal equivalent of tabbed browsing. This kind of thing was really hot stuff before multiple windows, but they are rarely used today. Heck, even multiple virtual terminals means that you can run processes in different terminals at the same time, so why bother?
If you have lots of small jobs that you want to oversee. For example, if you were running ten or twelve mathematical calculation programs, you could start each of them and then leave them in an open terminal while you go off to do something else. You could check their status by typing
jobs from time to time, or even run
top in the window for constant updates on their status.
One thing that you must remember about jobs is that they are tied to the terminal. Closing the terminal closes all of the jobs that you start in it. Therefore if I am typing a document in Abiword and I close the terminal that I started it in, Abiword will close, and I will really wish that I had saved my data.
Fuser and devices
Now, sometimes a process is halted because it is waiting for a device to finish. Devices are hardware attached to a computer such as a CDROM or a printer. Even the hard drive is a device. You can use the command
fuser to see what process is using a device.
If I am playing music using the Kaffeine media player, then the device
cdrom should be busy. If I type
fuser /dev/cdrom it will give me the process ID being used by CDROM.
[email protected]:~$ fuser /dev/cdrom /dev/cdrom: 15562 [email protected]:~$
I can ask
ps what program owns this PID by typing
ps and the PID:
[email protected]:~$ ps 15562 PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 15562 ? S 0:02 kaffeine [email protected]:~$
Then I can kill this program using this program ID.
[email protected]:~$ kill 15562
And yes, by looking at the list of options, I could learn how to find who has control of the device and kill it all on one line.
[email protected]:~$ fuser -k /dev/cdrom /dev/cdrom: 15741
What is all this business about
/dev/cdrom? In Unix-like operating systems, a device is referred to as if it were in a directory. Your cdrom may not be called
/dev/cdrom like mine is. It may be
/dev/cdrom0 or
/dev/dvd. Since every system has different hardware, each
/dev has a unique collection of files. But devices are a complete topic on their own.
Take control of your processes with the command line, and never be afraid of your software again
Processes are how your computer runs. Understanding processes helps you understand your computer, so open a terminal and type
top. Leave it running and see what your system is doing from moment to moment. If you are curious about what a command does, type
whatis and the command name. Remember, you run the computer it doesn't run you. Take control of your processes with the command line, and never be afraid of your software again.
Killing a process...
Very nice article.
In the part about killing processes, what if "Ctrl+C", "Ctrl+X", "kill 13247" and "kill -9 13247" don't work? I've had this come up a few times where I cannot seem to get rid of a process this way. Then you just have to really wait on it to finish or respond. (And this is attempted as root). Is there even another type of command to run?
let's all play nice!
Did you try CTRL-Z? I've had
Did you try CTRL-Z? I've had a few rare cases where it didn't work to kill the process, but it worked to suspend it (with CTRL-Z). Now you usually can kill it, but there may be cases where even this won't work.
Cases where the "kill -KILL" (equivalent to "kill -9") won't work usually occurs because the program is accessing a network drive that has gone offline, such as an NFS share. In those cases, the only way to kill the program might be to reboot the computer, or at least bring it into single-user mode and back, so that all network shares are forcibly unmounted.
Superkilling a process?
Other than Slay, I can't think of a more powerful way to kill processes right now.
If it is that persistent, I usually reboot. Sometimes that is the best way to solve hardware dependent problems.
Ok, thanks. Rebooting isn't
Ok, thanks. Rebooting isn't usually an option as it's a server (usually). But yeah, it's not so often though, just once in a while.
let's all play nice!
Properly using kill
For what it is worth, one should NEVER skip directly from kill (-15) to kill -9.
The process is:
kill $PID
wait a few seconds
kill $PID
wait a few seconds
kill -2 $PID
wait a few seconds
kill -1 $PID
wait a few seconds
try to figure out why the process is not dying correctly
kill -9 $PID
One should never ``kill -9'' a process unless you have found that it is trying to close a file descriptor on a non-responsive filesystem or other type of issue that is actually causing it to not clean up properly.
If the same process is frequently requiring a ``kill -9'' then one should figure out why it is not dying correctly and switch to a different program if it can not be corrected as the process is experiencing some serious issues.
At one time there was a ``Useless use of kill -9'' award given out on Usenet for those System Admins that do not know what they are doing. As *NIX is gaining more and more popularity we are seeing many more people just using kill -9 like it should be default. There is a reason that a process should be given a SIGTERM, SIGINT then SIGHUP. The reason being that programs are written to where they catch these signals and perform cleanup processes. A SIGTERM will typically tell the program that the user wishes for it to go ahead and close all file descriptors after telling it's children(if child processes have been forked) to close up shop. A SIGINT is then used to Interrupt the program from whatever it is doing and close up shop. A SIGHUP, commonly rebound to re-read the configuration file, is a Terminal Line Hangup which should, by default, tell the program to not wait for children to respond via their pipes and just close the file descriptors and die. The evil SIGKILL tells the process to just die and not worry about what it might have been doing. SIGKILL can leave ZOMBIE child processes and ghost logins.
eg: If you were to ``sleep 9999& kill -9 $$'' then you may notice that you will often have a ghost login AND the sleep process will still be alive after your shell is dead. If, instead, you were to issue that as ``sleep 9999& kill -1 $$'' then you will find that there is no ghost login and the sleep process should have been reaped by your shell as it exited cleanly.
On a side note: one does not have to quit from ``top'' in order to kill a process. Simply pressing 'k' while viewing top will prompt you for the PID(and signal depending on the OS and distro.) One can perform many actions from within ``top'', just press 'h' to see the different shortcuts.
Thanks for your more detailed insight into Killing processes.
I wonder what Xkill does?
kill ps hu mor man
If I want to tell my computer to show me a process, could I actually enter the command SHOW PROCESS. Or how about the whole system, like SHOW SYSTEM? In a cluster, can I just enter SHOW CLUSTER? How about a plain HELP? Can this be done or are computers today as primitive as they were in the late 60s, when people had to deal with 2-letter commands like "ps"?
Hey, I asked my system manager these questions, and she said on Linux the HELP command is called woman. When I replied that his is weird, she said progress was made when an operating system called MSDOS was introduced which had at least the HELP command. Now, how about the rest?
I wouldn't really call
I wouldn't really call something primitive just because it has a two letter command.
Anyway, if you really want specialized command names, you can always try scripting them. You can make short files called scripts that when you run them by typing their name, initiate a long command for you. In that case you could do ps with lots of options added and formatted the way you like it when you type SHOWPROCESSES. I don't think you can have a space in the command though.
About the woman command.
I see no sign of it. I think it must be a joke.
Anyway, thanks everyone for the comments. If you find any other good ones. Post.
Thanks Rosalyn
You don't even have to
You don't even have to script anything, you can simply alias them.
So if you want SHOWPROCESS to do "ps aux" in bash, you type "alias SHOWPROCESS ps aux".
Now, in this terminal, every time you'll type SHOWPROCESS, it will do "ps aux".
If you want to have that possibility in every terminal you open from now on, just add "alias SHOWPROCESS ps aux" to the file .bashrc in your account.
Also, short command names are still used of efficiency. It's a LOT faster to just type "ps" or "ps aux", than to type SHOWPROCESS.
And for the "help" command in linux/unix, either you misunderstood, or your are making a bad joke. The command is "man", as in manual, followed by the command you want help with.
For example, you could type "man ps", and it would give you an explanation about the use of "ps", it's options, it's peculiarities...
if [ $1 == "PROCESSES"]
ps aux
put that in a file named SHOW in /usr/local/bin and chmod +x /usr/local/bin/SHOW
then you can run SHOW PROCESSES
but it is faster to write ps aux than writing SHOW PROCESSES
'help' works on my system as does 'help ls' ('help' basically does 'man help' and since 'help' is a hardlink to 'man', 'help ls' is the same as 'man ls'). Of course this is BSD *nix, not Linux where the default bloated ass shell (bash) has a built-in very unhelpful 'help' command.
And yet, Linux is the predominant open source operating system.
I would add one more useful command to the list: killall. killall lets you kill a program directly if you know the name of the binary. For example:
killall akregator
will kill all instances of Akregator.
xkill turns your mouse
xkill turns your mouse pointer into a skull and crossbones, whatever window you left click on gets "run through" so to speak. Right click to return to a normal mouse pointer.
where is Part I of this
where is Part I of this article??
If kill and slay dont work...
If kill and slay dont work, there is always SysRQ. That strange little button sharing "print screen" is actually an access to several very powerful, low level kernel interrupts. The good news is that SysRQ commands cannot be denied by the system. The bad news is that it must be enabled both during compile, and in kernel.sysrq additionally, the potential for harm is much greater than that of kill -9, but IF your server has it enabled, and all else fails, its worth a try.
I never heard of SysRQ. I'm gonna have to look that up.
Sounds like the tip of a long series of programmer tools or something.
Thanks for the comment.
Paydirt in one
I found something about sysRQ. It's really old. I felt embarrased that I didn't know it when it is printed on my own keyboard!
I found a really nice wikipedia page on this function.
In fact there's an article...
Gary Richmond actually just posted a blog article about this yesterday.
Don't sweat it
There's no shame in not knowing about ALL those PC BIOS level interrupts - I'm not sure they're even all properly referenced (except in those old 1979 Intel datasheets...)
Those keys shouldn't work with:
- PPC Macs
- Intel Macs (use EFI, not BIOS)
- Alphas
Or do they?
A computer is like air conditioning: it becomes useless when you open windows.
Thanks Rosalyn
I'm still using Debian but now it's Etch instead of Sarge and I'm happier than ever with it. Etch is substantially more user friendly than Sarge and still works beautifully on older hardware.
I love the way you write. I read Part II all the way through without my eyes glazing over. I doubt if any of it will stick, because that's how my strange brain works, but the first time a process hangs up and can't be shut down I'll remember this tutorial, revisit it (even if I have to change computers and google for it), read it again and apply the information. Then I'll remember it.
I hope you'll continue this series. I want the book when it's printed, or, if it's an eBook I'll buy it and print it myself.
I'm still a Wannabe Linux Geek (and still in training)
Don Crowder
not kill, but 'pkill'
Instead of 'ps' use 'pgrep -l '. Example, try 'pgrep -l firefox' when running firefox. You will see the PID as well as the name of the program (ie. firefox).
Instead of wasting time remembering stupid numbers, use pkill . Example, with firefox running try typing pkill firefox. This will TERM-inate (signal 15) firefox, without having to remember stupid numbers.
(YMMV. Works on opensuse. I haven't tried this on other distros)
I did not know about pgrep
I did not know about pgrep (so thanks for that tip). But when I read your post I did 'man pgrep' and it comes up with a man page for pgrep _and_ pkill - so your 'most used' would be shorter as 'pkill firefox'.
another kill
fuser -k /path/to/program
this will kill the program that you named along with any forks that the program may have initiated.
another kill
fuser -k `which gcc`
kills every instance and any forks
Super duper kill
This guide is good I guess but to REALLY kill some stuff, just type:
[dangerous command that could destroy your system, edited]
THis shows..
This comment shows that it's a good idea to moderate comments, ALL the time, no matter how many you have.
I just cannot believe some people.
Anonymous user: I hope you realise that your IP address was recorded on the server.
And people wonder why the Linux community has such a bad reputation. Thanks to people like you, new users are afraid to take advice from us seasoned users. Hopefully nobody used that command and lost data.
Well, I reported the hell out of him.
He was from a .mil domain (!). So, hopefully somebody will get seriously told off about it.
Luckily, the community also "works" :-D
Harder than it has to be
This article while helpful actually made the process more difficult than it has to be.
There is a nice little command called "xkill" that works easily. You either bring up a run dialog box or open a terminal program, then just type "xkill" and hit enter. You will notice your cursor has changed to normally a skull and crossbones, click on the frozen application to be killed and left click on it. It should die very quickly. Done.
I only use the standard "kill" command if I am running apps from the command line ( I'm rarely ever there...) and one froze.
Well, yeah, but...
1) This is an article about the command line, and xkill is an x application (albeit a small one).
2) Sometimes there is no window to xkill.
3) Sometimes there is a window, but your xserver is locked up so the mouse won't do anything or you can't get the application menu to come up (And yes, I have encountered systems where X is locked up, but virtual terminal switching works, and killing the offending process frees up the X session).
4) Sometimes the whole console is locked up, but you can remote login via SSH and kill the offending process to fix things (i.e. from another computer). I suppose it's a bit counter-intuitive that SSH often works even when the console is completely locked up, but it is often true.
Nice Article
Hi Rosalyn,
Very nice written article! Thank You!
By the way if anyone is interested, most of these commands will also work in a terminal window on OSX, which uses BSD.
I am not sure why people are afraid of the command line. Once you get used to it, it's really great. Last night I installed a new application on my Xubuntu box. I could have used the GUI installer, but it was easier and quicker to use apt-get.
Kill -9
Kill -9 no more cpu time
kill -9 and your process is mine
Nice ! I learnt a couple of
Nice !
I learnt a couple of things I didn't know =)
Good read
Enjoyed your article! Thanks
mind's eye
But in my mind's eye I can hear some veteran command line user out there scoffing. "Ha!" he says, "I could do all of that in one line."...
Quite an amazing eye - perhaps that should've been "mind's ear" ;o)
Good article though. Well done.


text:
The Western Kansas Sheep Producer's Meeting sponsored by Hodgeman County and Kiowa County Kansas State University Research and Extension Offices will be held Wednesday, January 30th, 2012 at 6:00 p.m. in the evening. The meeting will be held at the Hodgeman County Fairgrounds in Jetmore, Kansas. Presentations will include an Artificial Insemination demonstration by Dodge City Veterinary Clinic. A Pfizer representative will cover synchronizations tools and techniques for sheep. A representative from Osborne Industries will be on hand to facilitate a discussion about automated equipment and the needs for the equipment in the sheep industry. Dr. Justin Waggoner, Southwest Kansas Area Beef Systems Specialist, will moderate a discussion on nutrition topics for sheep and lamb producers. Dr. Brian Faris, KSU Sheep Specialist, will moderate a discussion on the state of the sheep industry. Superior Farms of Dixon, California� and producers will be sponsoring dinner.
For more information contact the Hodgeman County Extension Office at (620)357-8321 or the Kiowa County Extension Office at (620)723-2156.


text:
http://draft.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5873119327808729601http://draft.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5873119327808729601As first seen on LiveScience.com and Sports Are 80 Percent Mental
One painful lesson every National Hockey League rookie learns is to keep your head up when skating through the neutral zone. If you don't, you will not see the 4700 joules of kinetic energy skating at you with bad intentions.
During an October 25th game, Brandon Sutter, rookie center for the Carolina Hurricanes, never saw Doug Weight, veteran center of the New York Islanders, sizing him up for a hit that resulted in a concussion and an overnight stay in the hospital. Hockey purists will say that it was a "clean hit" and Weight was not penalized.
Six days before that incident, the Phoenix Coyotes' Kurt Sauer smashed Andrei Kostitsyn of the Montreal Canadiens into the sideboards. Kostitsyn had to be stretchered off of the ice and missed two weeks of games with his concussion. Sauer skated away unhurt and unpenalized. [See video here | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc_Mk9fSI8c].
Big hits have always been part of hockey, but the price paid in injuries is on the rise. According to data released last month at the National Academy of Neuropsychology's Sports Concussion Symposium in New York, 759 NHL players have been diagnosed with a concussion since 1997. For the ten seasons studied, that works out to about 76 players per season and 31 concussions per 1,000 hockey games. During the 2006-07 season, that resulted in 760 games missed by those injured players, an increase of 41% from 2005-06. Researchers have found two reasons for the jump in severity, the physics of motion and the ever-expanding hockey player.
http://draft.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5873119327808729601In his book, The Physics of Hockey, Alain Haché, professor of physics at Canada's University of Moncton, aligns the concepts of energy, momentum and the force of impact to explain the power of mid-ice and board collisions.
As a player skates from a stop to full speed, his mass accelerates at an increasing velocity. The work his muscles contribute is transferred into kinetic energy which can and will be transferred or dissipated when the player stops, either through heat from the friction of his skates on the ice, or through a transfer of energy to whatever he collides with, either the boards or another player.
The formula for kinetic energy, K = (1/2)mass x velocity, represents the greater impact that a skater's speed (velocity) has on the energy produced. It is this speed that makes hockey a more dangerous sport than other contact sports, like football, where average player sizes are larger but they are moving at slower speeds (an average of 23 mph for hockey players in full stride compared to about 16 mph for an average running back in the open field).
http://draft.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5873119327808729601So, when two players collide, where does all of that kinetic energy go? First, let's look at two billiard balls, with the exact same mass, shape and rigid structure. When two balls collide on the table, we can ignore the mass variable and just look at velocity. If the ball in motion hits another ball that is stationary, then the ball at rest will receive more kinetic energy from the moving ball so that the total energy is conserved. This will send the stationary ball rolling across the table while the first ball almost comes to a stop as it has transferred almost all of its stored energy.
Unfortunately, when human bodies collide, they don't just bounce off of each other. This "inelastic" collision results in the transfer of kinetic energy being absorbed by bones, tissues and organs. The player with the least stored energy will suffer the most damage from the hit, especially if that player has less "body cushion" to absorb the impact.
To calculate your own real world energy loss scenario, visit the Exploratorium's ["Science of Hockey" calculator | http://www.exploratorium.edu/hockey/checking2.html]. For both Sutter and Kostitsyn, they received checks from players who outweighed them by 20 pounds and were skating faster.
http://draft.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5873119327808729601The average mass and acceleration variables are also growing as today's NHL players are getting bigger and faster. In a [study | http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nrc/apnm/2008/00000033/00000004/art00014] released in September, Art Quinney and colleagues at the University of Alberta tracked the physiological changes of a single NHL team over 26 years, representing 703 players. Not surprisingly, they found that defensemen are now taller and heavier with higher aerobic capacity while forwards were younger and faster. Goaltenders were actually smaller with less body mass but had better flexibility. However, the increase in physical size and fitness did not correspond with team success on the ice. But the checks sure hurt a lot more now.


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Primaries and Caucuses
Sure, the election in November is pretty important--but presidential candidates can't even make it onto the ballot without first winning their share of primaries and caucuses! In this BrainPOP movie, Tim and Moby explain how voters in each state get to help choose the nominees for the highest office in the land. Discover how primary elections and caucuses work, and why they're such an important part of the nomination process. Learn how delegates to the Democratic and Republican nominating conventions are awarded, and why superdelegates might be the most powerful people at these conventions. And see how Iowa, New Hampshire, and a busy day called Super Tuesday can help decide which candidates will still be running on Election Day!
Learn More:Why do we have primaries and caucuses?In a Presidential election, what is a delegate?Why do some states have primaries and some states have caucuses?
See a Full List of Topics


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Annual Math and Science Festival open to K-12 students
MOUNT VERNON—Brewton-Parker College will host the 17th biannual Math & Science Festival Saturday, Oct. 23 in the college's Morgan-Moses Building on its Mount Vernon campus from 9:30 a.m to noon.
The free event is open to all kindergarten through 12th grade students in the surrounding area. Students will participate in hands-on science demonstrations and math games at a variety of skill and age levels. This popular event has grown over the years and should be fun for all who attend. The event is free and pre-registration is not required.
Contact Dr. Christopher Jones, chemistry professor, with any questions at 912-583-3142 or email@example.com.


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PALO ALTO -- As leader of the eclectic, oft-irreverent Stanford Marching Band for more than three decades, Art Barnes has plenty of tantalizing tales to tell.
He filled in on tuba for the 1971 Rose Parade to win a bet, watched the chaos unfold on the UC Berkeley field during "The Play," when the Stanford band took the field before the end of the 1982 game against rival Cal and ended up being part of its infamous conclusion, and he greenlighted the band's controversial "Spotted Owl Show" at the University of Oregon. During his 34 years as director, Barnes didn't conceive of the band's antics, but he didn't get in the way either.
"I wrote the music and kept them out of jail," Barnes said.
Barnes, who retired from Stanford in 1997, is preparing to set down his baton for the last time. His final performance as conductor of the Livermore-Amador Symphony, a position he's held for the past 50 years, will be May 17.
"It will be the longest thing I've ever done besides being married," said Barnes, referring to Helene, his wife of 61 years.
Born and raised in Ohio, Barnes, 84, grew up in a musical family; his father sang and his mother played piano. Blessed with perfect pitch, Barnes started piano at age five, establishing an early career as a pianist and jazz band trombonist. While teaching band and music theory at Cal State Fresno, he also played in a piano bar until 2 a.m., getting just enough sleep to make his 8 o'clock class.
With sights set on becoming a bandleader, Barnes arrived at Stanford in 1963 to pursue a doctorate in orchestral conducting, walking right into a hornet's nest when he accepted the job as bandleader. Upset over the dismissal of their previous director, band members essentially went on strike, sitting out rehearsals and the football team's first two games. But it didn't take the witty, congenial Barnes long to win them over.
"He was cranking out some pretty neat arrangements, doing things that made fun of the other schools," said Stanford Band Alumni Board member Frank Robertson, who joined the band on trombone in 1961. "It was clear to the students that this guy could really arrange and had a lot of imagination."
Barnes ended the impasse by giving the band autonomy, endearing himself with his two-minute interpretations of rock tunes hand-picked by the students. Barnes went on to arrange 300 popular songs, including Free's "All Right Now," still the school's de facto fight song. "We wanted to do something different," Barnes said. "We didn't want to be a military-style band. We wanted to do something more contemporary, so that's what I did."
Barnes kept a laissez-faire attitude about the band's cheekier performances, including an O.J. Simpson-esque Ford Bronco -- complete with bloody handprints -- taking a slow ride around the home field against USC, a 1991 contest at Notre Dame featuring a "nun" drum major wielding a cross like a baton and the infamous Spotted Owl Show at the University of Oregon in 1990, parodying the endangered species' impact on the logging industry. Though Barnes did nix a few performances before they ever saw the field, he generally encouraged the halftime hijnks.
And, Barnes has also marched to the beat of a different drummer. For the '71 Rose Bowl against Ohio State, he sweated out the five-and-a-half mile Rose Parade route playing a tuba, winning a $50 bet with UCLA band director Kelly James.
"They didn't think I could do it, and I said 'All I need is two pairs of socks (to stave off blisters),'" Barnes said. "The librarian wanted to know if I needed any music and I said, 'I wrote it.' That took care of that."
Then there was "The Play," the unfathomable series of last-second laterals in 1982's Big Game, punctuated by the bowling over of an unfortunate Stanford trombone player. Awestruck, Barnes watched from the stands.
"The Cal band was on their end and we were on our end, and it happened that the play came our way," Barnes remembered. "I don't think the referees would've escaped alive if they hadn't let it go the way they did."
While directing a Palo Alto church choir in the early '60s, Barnes met former U.S. Defense Secretary William Perry, who sang in the group. The two are still close friends -- Perry admiring Barnes' skilled musicianship, sense of humor and straightforward personality.
"What you see is what you get with Art," Perry said. "It's always fun to be with him at a party because at a moment's notice he can sit down at the piano and entertain the whole group, not only with his playing but his singing."
Perry, a Stanford professor emeritus, has collaborated with Barnes on several occasions, most recently with a dramatic reading of Aaron Copland's "Lincoln Portrait" with the Livermore symphony.
Perry's favorite Barnes arrangement is the bandleader's most celebrated -- a stirring, mournful rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner¿." When the Stanford band played it at the 1963 Big Game, just eight days after the Kennedy assassination, it received national attention.
The next year, Barnes began making the weekly trip from Palo Alto to Livermore, where he'd taken over as maestro of the small community orchestra. Barnes says he has "all good memories" of five decades as director, writing original music and overseeing the symphony's growth.
Robert Williams, a symphony horn player since 1972, praised his longtime director for a precise conducting style and for treating the musicians like pros.
"He doesn't leave anything for guesswork," Williams said. "It would be nice if he could go longer, but I also think after 50 years he deserves to really retire."
Barnes' last concert will feature "California Golden Suite," which he wrote for the occasion.
Ready for life's next stage, Barnes says he'll miss those with whom he's worked. He plans to write more and continue recording books for the blind and dyslexic via Learning Ally.
"Everybody asks me 'Now that you're going to retire, what are you going to do?'" he said. "I'm going to be busier than ever."
Contact Jeremy Thomas at 925-847-2184. Follow him at Twitter.com/jet_bang.
Hometown: Palo Alto
Age: 84
Claim to fame: Director of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band (1963-1997), director and conductor of Livermore-Amador Symphony (1964-2014), conducting fellow of the American Symphony League and a former professor of music, Stanford University.
Quote: On his career at Stanford: "It was all just a whole lot of fun. These people who were undergraduates are CEOs at places now, they've all matured. Some of them still say, 'Oh those four years I had in the band were the best years of my life,' and I say, 'You poor slob, life's gone downhill for you.' "
'Five Dedicated Decades'


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Project Title: Pharmacotherapy for Minor Depression
Abstract: DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a resubmission of a three-site, four-year study to assess the efficacy of St. John's Wort (SJW), standardized to hyperforin content, and citalopram, compared to placebo for the treatment of Minor Depression (MinorD). The proposal differs from the first submission and from ongoing studies of SJW for major depression, in that it: focuses in MinorD only; includes the use of SJW standardized to hyperforin, a more potent formulation; has a refined set of primary and secondary aims; uses a continuous measure of efficacy as the primary outcome of the study; uses random regression models for data analysis; and includes a cross-over phase for non-responders. MinorD has major effects. Patients with MinorD experience substantial morbidity, distress, and dysfunction; even so, less than 10 percent of patients with MinorD receive formal treatment. Many choose to self-medicate with SJW, an untested treatment for MinorD that generates over $200 million a year in sales. We propose to randomize 300 subjects to double-blind flexible doses of SJW up to 1800 mg/day, or citalopram up to 60 mg/day, or placebo, for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, nonresponders will be crossed-over to active treatment arms previously unassigned; responders will continue to take study medication for another 12 weeks. Stringent criteria will be used to assess improvement in symptoms, dysfunction, and improvement in well-being. The results of this study will have profound public health implications by improving our understanding of the efficacy of SJW and standard antidepressants for the treatment of MinorD.
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INCLINE VILLAGE, Nev. - The Washoe County Sheriff's Office issued more than 300 citations during a two-week joint traffic safety campaign with the Nevada Highway Patrol, Reno Police Department and the Sparks Police Department, officials said.
The Sheriff's Office deployed extra units from Nov. 14-27 throughout the county to enforce traffic laws, specifically looking for people not wearing a seat belt as part of the national "Click it or Ticket" awareness and enforcement campaign, according to a WCSO press release.
During the period, personnel initiated more than 200 traffic stops. Citations were issued for the following traffic violations: 121 for speed, 54 for cellphone use, 39 for failure to provide proof of insurance, 25 for registration violations, 8 for failure to use a seat belt, 2 for failure to use a required child seat, 2 for failing to stop at a red light, 2 for pedestrian violations and 9 miscellaneous citations, as well as several warnings.
According to WCSO, the additional units required for enforcement campaigns such as these are paid for through a grant as part of "Joining Forces," a multi-jurisdictional law enforcement program that promotes statewide enforcement in the areas of: DUI, seat belt, distracted driving, speed and pedestrian safety.
WCSO recently received an $89,000 grant from the state of Nevada to fund overtime for deputies to work 11 Joining Forces events through Sept. 30, 2013.


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Keeping healthy in the 21st century With the Australian population aging, we are being encouraged to take more responsibility for our health. We would all love to spend our retired years travelling the globe and enjoying the fruits of our years of hard work. So don't allow your body to let you down. What can Omega 3 do for you? Read More
DIZZINESS AND BALANCE PROBLEMS Are you dizzy? Does the world spin when you turn over in bed? There are many possible causes of dizziness but one of the most common is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo or BPPV. It is a result of movement of debris in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. Read More
Cash Flow and your Business Cash flow is the single most important factor in determining whether a business succeeds or fails. Getting money in faster, keeping cash in the business for longer, earning better interest and lowering the cost of banking are some of the many ways that small and medium businesses can get in control of their cash flow and stay ahead of the game. Westpac offers ten tips for improving small and medium business cash flow: Read More
Enter our Competitions: Win MP4 Players.. & Movie tickets to Wallis Cinemas Sign up for our Newsletter here: or Enter our Photographic Competition (submit your photos of Blackwood to be included in our gallery), or present a Voucher to our businesses for an added bonus. Prizes supplied by our local businesses! More Details here
Want to learn how to use a Computer? The RSL Club now conducts computers classes for local people. Learn how to use a computer and surf the internet. See here for booking details. Recycle your old computer equipment, printrs etc through this community project. See details here. Win Movie Passes - enter for a chance to win a double movie pass to Wallis Cinemas. Enter here
Blackwood Football Club The Blackwood Football Club is into action for 2010. The football season has started, and a great win has been achieved already. The Club have opened up thier own Restaurant "The Woods Restaurant".. See full details.. check out their a la carte and kids menu!! Read More
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SAN JOSE -- San Jose State concluded what is likely the shortest offseason in the program's history when it opened spring practice on a wet Tuesday morning.
Less than eight weeks removed from a victory in the Military Bowl, the Spartans were on the practice field under new coach Ron Caragher.
"The bowl game felt really good, but we realize that now it's time to work for next season," senior linebacker Vince Buhagiar said. "We went 11-2 last year, but there's still room for improvement."
This is the earliest San Jose State has started spring practice in at least 30 years, so combined with the season extended by the bowl game, the offseason flew by.
"I love going early," Caragher said. "I think we can coach our guys earlier, rather than wait another month. We, as coaches, love the game of football, and it's great to get out on the field and do what we love doing."
Caragher has several reasons for the early spring start, which concludes with the spring game March 23 at Spartan Stadium. The coaching staff gets to implement its new system sooner. There's more recovery time if there are any injuries and a longer period of strength and conditioning before summer training camp.
The session is also uninterrupted as they finish up just before the school goes on spring break. It also allows the coaches to assess the team's needs and get back on the recruiting trail sooner.
From the player's perspective, the short offseason delivers a carry-over effect from the high of last year's success.
"We still have energy from that bowl game," senior linebacker Keith Smith said. "We're still hyped up for next season."
Unlike a year ago, there's no quarterback battle. Senior David Fales, fresh off setting every significant SJSU single-season passing record, is the unquestioned starter and face of the team.
Fales and company are learning a new offense implemented by Caragher and offensive coordinator Jimmie Dougherty. The pistol formation is gone in favor of more work under center, although elements of the spread offense and shotgun formations will be utilized.
"It's a lot of the same stuff," Fales said. "Just somebody's calling it something else. "
The biggest offensive battles will come in finding replacements for left tackle David Quessenberry and tight end Ryan Otten.
The Spartans return their other four starting linemen. One of those, such as right tackle Jon Meyer or right guard Nicholas Kaspar, could be candidates at left tackle. The tight end competition is wide open, with senior Travis Lorius the only player on the roster having made a catch at the Division I level.
A between-the-tackles running back to complement speedy Tyler Ervin is another focus, with senior Jason Simpson, junior transfer Alvin Jelks and redshirt freshman Jalynn McCain getting looks.
The defense is transitioning from a 4-3 alignment to a 3-4 and returns only one of its four linemen that made the All-Western Athletic Conference team last season. Travis Johnson and David Tuitupou graduated, and Anthony Larceval is expected to miss the season due to illness, leaving only Travis Raciti.
Follow Jimmy Durkin at Twitter.com/Jimmy_Durkin


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Arrest in food pantry theft; community pitches in
June 29, 2013
Marietta police arrested one suspect in connection with the theft of food and other items from the Gospel Mission Food Pantry and recovered a number of stolen items on Friday, even as community......
God bless the Waite's. May we, the community, continue to give donations to the Gospel Mission.
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This community really helped yesterday...wow so Impressive. Now the struggle to get ready for the regular Wednesday distribution begins. Go gospel Mission Food Pantry! It'll be a hard work day for Pantry volunteers on Saturday! Hard but fun!
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The guy probably didn't think that he was stealing since the food is given away free--he was just saving himself a few trips. Just like a big shopping trip instead of having to constantly run to the store...
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Yeah right, Joe.
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Lots of folks use the Mission Pantry...If I was Mr. Lent I think I would not go back to the West Side...just sayin...
10 Agrees | 1 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
umm, eye for an eye, cut off one of his hands and deny him disability!
12 Agrees | 7 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
It's a v v strange world.
4 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
If the food is free and given away for free how can you be charged for stealing?
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Be right How can you be so stupid with this comment? Is B&E legal?
If the Judge would had done her job lent would had never been able to break into the food pantry. In march of this year Lent was sentenced to 30 days in jail, but the 30 days was suspended.In april he was sentenced to 60 days in jail. That 60 days was suspended. Once again in april Lent was sentenced to another 30 days in jail. Yep you guessed it,that 30 days was suspended too. How many chances does this creep get before he is sent to the slammer?
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I can't even begin to say on here what I think of this thieving worthless piece of trash.
And once again, another worthless 20 something punk screws up their life.
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great to see everyone coming together to help the pantry.
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also, the robbery might have been a blessing in disguise, their profile really got raised. Maybe it brought awareness to the people of what goes on there and how hard the operators work to keep it open
8 Agrees | 1 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
This jackal that stole the food, whether it is handed out free or not, willingly chose to break and enter. That is the main crime, then taking without asking (stealing, for you libs out there) is the second crime. He is a criminal and needs to be treated like one. A sentence that will cause him some discomfort for an extended period of time would at least teach others a lesson.
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ASears: A lot of good men and women went to Iraq and Afghanistan to defeat people who think like you.
Are you the Osama Bin Laden of the American Taliban?
Are you familiar with the Eight Amendment to the Constitution? You do support the Constitution, don't you?
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The judicial system in this town is a joke. If the previous poster is correct and this criminal was given a suspended sentence for three different crimes this year then it shows what a disgrace this judicial system is.
Why are the judges and prosecution constantly acting as apologists for these gutter trash losers.
Start sending the criminals to prison already. Stop sending them home to repeat the crimes again and again and again.
6 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
In that case, Asknot, he violated his oath to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishment (interpreted by the courts to include dismemberment and disfigurement).
Sorry, but I never bought into the notion that serving in the military automatically made one a good person or a hero. I'd wager ASears is closer to Lt. William Calley than he is Sgt. York.
11 Agrees | 4 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Gone... Who says it is cruel and unusual???? Our courts have become a joke. They coddle on emotion instead of the constitution. Debtors prion sound familiar???? Why is it when you do hard time, you actually live better than those that are not incarcerated? I'm not a muslim, but there is a lesson there to be learned.
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thank you asknot!
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Don't know who he is and don't care. Anybody who endorses torture and maiming as punishment for crime is a pee poor American. Amen.
Unlike you intellectual troglodytes, I let my intellect govern my thoughts, not my base emotions. The accused deserves a fair trial before a jury of his peers. If found guilty, he deserves to be incarcerated for as long as the law allows.
As of right now, Mr. Lent is innocent because he is innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
Any of this ring a bell with you from 9th grade civics?
11 Agrees | 3 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Actually, Satan's ADvocate, I am familiar with debtors prisons. They were common in most states until the 1850s. One by one, states eliminated them.
President Millard Fillmore did not believe the federal government had the right to eliminate them. But, having been an attorney who sued on behalf of businesses for debts, he found it to be a useless practice because a man in prison couldn't pay his debts. When his clients' debts did not get paid, Fillmore's fees did not get paid. So Fillmore advocated on behalf of the elimination of debtors' prisons.
I've given you all two civics lesson and one history lesson. Anything beyond that, you'll have to pay for the credit hours.
9 Agrees | 2 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
He's only charged with a 5th degree felony? I would think that this crime would carry a charge that would carry a much lengthier sentence, especially with the amount of money/food stolen.
With only a 5th degree felony, he will end up getting his sentence reduced (plea bargained)to a misdemeanor.
It's possible that he may end up (finally) serving the days that were suspended from all of his past charges.
In addition to this new charge, hopefully, he will end up with the maximum sentence possible. (NO SUSPENDED JAIL TIME)
Who knows, maybe the judge(WILL FINALLY)take into consideration his previous charges/suspended jail time. (A SLAP ON THE WRIST SO TO SPEAK)and throw the book at him (per say).
I just hope that he gets the sentence that he deserves.
But I'm only one person with an opinion and we all know how opinions go because everybody has one.(correct)?
7 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
There are opinions, then there are opinions.
You'll find most of my opinions aligned with the zeitgeist of the nation's intelligentsia.
5 Agrees | 3 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Goodoleme: I have learned from jerks like you.
1 Agrees | 7 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
The Parkersburg News is reporting Eric Sciance has also been arrested
2 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Well, there's hubris and there's nihilism.
In the court of public opinion on this little website, it looks as if hubris is winning out over the nihilism.
2 Agrees | 2 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
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"Radio Tragedy!" is not the kind of album you'd expect from a band like Tea Leaf Green. "Radio Tragedy!" the seventh studio album by the San Francisco-based Tea Leaf Green, released in 2011, is textured, harmonious and crafted, with wide variations from song to song. It has moments of being very close to pop music; the chorus to "Easy to Be Your Lover" has singer-keyboardist Trevor Garrod moving into a falsetto highly reminiscent of the Bee Gees. "You're My Star" recalls the meticulous sound collages the Beatles created in their later years. The title "Radio Tragedy!" refers to the idea that loads of the best music being made these days has barely any presence on the airwaves.
Tea Leaf Green doesn't seem like that kind of band. Referring to them as a jam band wouldn't stir much argument: Shaggy in appearance, they tour frequently, change up their setlists night to night, and go off into instrumental tangents onstage, usually led by guitarist Josh Clark. In 2006, they earned a Jammy Award - though it was for Song of the Year, for the tune "Taught to Be Proud," and not for, say, 20-minute Instrumental Excursion of the Year, which is probably a more coveted honor among the Jammy crowd.
Despite the overriding theme of "Radio Tragedy!" about the sad state of commercial radio, Tea Leaf Green doesn't seem like a group that would care much about radio play, or expect to get much of it.
But if "Radio Tragedy!" was a surprise, the next album from the band could be a shock. "In the Wake" has been in the works for more than a year. The band has not performed any of the songs live, preferring to let them take complete shape in the studio. For each song, the individual songwriter - usually Clark or Garrod - would guide the recording of basic tracks, then the other musicians would add their parts separately.
"It's much more layered and nuanced than any record we've done before," Clark said while driving from San Francisco to Sacramento. "'Radio Tragedy!' there are a couple tracks built up the way this record was, but only a few."
Earlier on in their recording history, Tea Leaf Green would use the method often employed by bands that are more focused on, and more accustomed to, performing live than making albums. They would all assemble in the studio together, rehearse a song till they had it down - usually after having given the tune time to gel in front of an audience - then aim for a perfect take while the microphones were on.
"You're just doing that over and over again till you get the perfect one. A lot of good records were made like that. But it becomes, you only have one perfect way to make the song happen," Clark said. Building the song track by track is more of an experiment. "You add and take away, add and take away. You keep manipulating it. You're not married to how the song sounds, because there is no one way the song sounds, till everyone says there is, till everyone is happy with their tracks."
The methodology behind "In the Wake" allows the members of Tea Leaf Green - drummers Cochrane McMillan and Scott Rager and bassist Reed Mathis, along with Clark and Garrod - to practice another element crucial to the band: democracy.
"I don't think it would be possible to make a record this way without trust in all the other members," Clark said. "We're all going to squabble over bits. But this band has always been very much a collective, leaderless. We're looking at something that's beyond any of us, any individual."
Tea Leaf Green's current tour makes a stop at Agave in Avon Thursday night, but fans aren't going to hear the new material. The music for "In the Wake" is finished, but the band is anticipating a release date in May, and they are presenting the music the way it was done back when concert tours were a marketing tool, not a way of life and a way to make a living. The songs won't be performed live till the album is released.
"We're champing at the bit to play it," Clark said. "But the plan was to withhold it, so we could truly tour behind a record."
Josh Clark and Scott Rager began playing music together in during their junior high years in Arcadia, a town in Los Angeles county. Rager, a drummer, was jamming with a guitarist friend who lived two doors down. Clark, who had flailed at clarinet lessons in fourth grade, didn't want to be bored and left out, watching his buddies play, so he picked up a guitar. This time it took in a big way. Clark spent his high school years drawing pictures of guitars during class, then running home to practice.
During their senior year of high school, they took over the office above Rager's father's carpet and flooring store and turned it into a clubhouse/rehearsal space. Recording, though, seems to have been far from their minds. "We spent an entire year improvising, creating things on the spot," Clark said. "That's what we were into."
Rager moved north to attend San Francisco State University and began meeting other musicians, including a bassist, Ben Chambers. In 1997, with the beginnings of a band in place, Clark went to San Francisco, where he also studied illustration at the Academy of Art University. Soon after, Garrod, another SFSU student, rounded out a quartet.
For its first several years, Tea Leaf Green focused on learning to play, individually and together, and performing locally and outside of California. Getting a recording contract and making albums was something to be mostly avoided.
"The recording business was terrifying. We had all seen the VH1 'Behind the Music' stories," Clark said. "We wanted no part of that. We were learning to play our instruments, learning to play as a band live."
Tea Leaf Green released a few early albums, including an eponymous 1999 debut, "Midnight on the Reservoir" (2001) and "Living In Between" (2003). The experience of recording and releasing albums was hardly encouraging; they cobbled together money to rent studio time, then nervously watched the clock as they tried to get their songs down.
"We had zero money, nobody investing in us for years and years," the 35-year-old Clark said. "So we'd get in the studio and it was terrifying. In the studio, with your headphones and a raw guitar sound, that was a lonely experience. Live was a different thing - there's an audience to give you instant feedback."
In the mid-'00s came indications that Tea Leaf Green was finding some comfort in the studio. There was the Jammy Award for best song, and for 2008's "Raise Up the Tent," they brought in a producer, David Lowery, co-founder of Camper van Beethoven and Cracker. "Looking West," from 2010, was intended as an experiment, to see how they could embrace studio techniques.
"We got super experimental," Clark said. "We learned where we got too experimental, where to tone it down."
There has been some shuffling of Tea Leaf Green's membership: Reed Mathis, of the avant-jazz combo Jacob Fred Jazz Odyssey, replaced Chambers on bass late in 2007. And in 2011, Rager suffered a foot injury just as a CD release party was approaching. For the gig, they brought in a second drummer, Cochrane McMillan, who became a permanent member of the band.
But in the recording realm, the bigger change might have been logistical. McMillan had a recording studio in Oakland, Coyote Hearing. So when the band went in to record "Radio Tragedy!" there were relatively few time and financial constraints and they fully embraced the studio as a different setting than the stage.
"It's a little playground for us to go into. So comfortable," Clark said. "You don't feel the clock is ticking, like you're hemorrhaging money. You can just go in and work on the art.
"'Radio Tragedy!' - we hit our stride with that. Sonically it's the biggest thing we've done. You put it on and it comes out loud. 'Radio Tragedy' was definitely a bridge. Each record, or at least the last three, were always one step to the next, all related. Now we've been blessed with more time to do it right, not just, 'Do it!'"
Clark says the songwriting has also taken a step forward. "There's more depth when you've been through life, the road, romances, heartbreaks," he said. "At 20, it's more out of our imagination. Ten years later, there's more to draw on, more realism."
For "In the Wake," Tea Leaf Green stayed on comfortable ground. They recorded it at Coyote Hearing, and worked again with Jeremy Black, who produced "Radio Tragedy!" But the familiar setting doesn't mean they can go back to old ways of recording. Instead, it gives them a place where they can evolve.
"Businessmen, they'll tell you if you have something successful, keep doing that," Clark said. "But that's counterintuitive to the artist's mind. You constantly want to explore. In my timeline, it's all been a continuing experiment."