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Originally posted by born2run88:
I live north of boston in alittle town called west newbury. i don`t know if u have heard of Pentucket- we made it to the superbowl last yaer- but we lost to trition(i think)
Wow, not only do I know of W. Newbury, but I also live there! I suspect from your posting that you are a high school student. If that is correct than you may run cross country and track with my daughter. My member name should let you know who she is. Either way I'm thrilled to see another poster here from our great little town.
Ontario, Canada
Tujunga, Ca. that's just outside of L.A.
Originally posted by dregan:
Born in Ashland, WI (right on Lake Superior) now live in Plymouth, MI.
Wow, you live in plymouth, are you in high school? If you are what school do you go to. We might have been at some of the same invitatiionals.
"Running won't kill you... You'll pass out first!"
Originally posted by bsmith818:
I'm from NH...in a little town called Conway.
my aunt lives there.......i go almost every summer....where do you go running?
Kingman AZ....Home of Big Blue Skies and me!
I live in washington,..........any1 from here. i feel liek an outsider man everyones from the eastside or across the planet tell me if you are thanx
Aruba first, Arizona now.
Originally posted by CactusHippie:
Kingman AZ !
CactusHippie, I'm a Barrel man; over in Mesa.
Do you do favor Saguaro, Ocotillo, Cholla
or Prickley Pear ?
Smoke it, or mix it with cookies ?
I was born and brought up in Glasgow Scotland, now live in Frankfurt Germany. Jim.
I'm from Melbourne, Australia.
JMorgan, you're not the only one! Where in Oz are you from?
I live in St. Charles Missary, uh I mean Missouri
Faribault, MN
Memphis, TN baby!!
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This is the third edition of a core textbook at Scottsdale Community College (SCC). Authored by members of the SCC Math Department faculty, it has been used by thousands of students. Continually improved, it is now part of a comprehensive resource package that includes online help and assessment tools as well as an instructor's guide. This text represents the very best of professional-grade Open Educational Resources.
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Today's Devotional
Staying TrueOur ability to stand in the midst of trials will depend on the focus of our gaze.
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Our Iceberg Is Melting - 《冰山在融化》
By Yu Aaron Cheng on Mar 06, 2008
Our Iceberg Is Melting is another popular management book after "Cheese". Really a nice book: simple, funny, meaningful. It's definitely worth you to finish it in one go in 2 hours. I even felt an irresistible impulse to read it again just after I finished it.
The book tells you how to face the CHANGE and summarizes 8 steps to process the CHANGE successfully. They are:
- Create a Sense of Urgency.
- Pull Together the Guiding Team.
- Develop the Change Vision and Strategy.
- Communicate for Understanding and Buy In.
- Empower Others to Act.
- produce Short-Term Wins.
- Don't Let Up.
- Create a New Culture.
One English copy is rotating within AGC team. (Asian Globalization Center)


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A makeshift memorial that include pictures of the victims of the Kiss nightclub fatal fire is seen inside the gymnasium where a collective funeral was held a day earlier, in Santa Maria, Brazil, Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013. A fast-moving fire roared through the crowded, windowless nightclub, early Sunday, killing more than 230 people. The first funeral services were held Monday for the victims. Most of the dead were college students 18 to 21 years old, but they also included some minors. Almost all died from smoke inhalation. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana)


text:
Oil, gas tax hike off table for now
March 23, 2013
Debate over how revenue from Ohio Gov. John Kasich's proposed increase of a tax on oil and natural gas drilling should be used may be moot....
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House Speaker William Batchelder is whats wrong with America he will let these out of state drillers rape Ohio.The only thing the drillers will leave behind is billions of gallons of toxic waste water.
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About Us > Newsroom > Tax Increase Spurs Calls to Tobacco Quitlines
A tobacco tax increase that takes effect today has smokers calling quitlines in unprecedented numbers. Callers to quitlines operated by National Jewish Health have increased steadily through March, reaching 2,898 callers on Tuesday, almost four times as many as would be expected on a normal March day.
National Jewish Health operates quitlines for six states - Ohio, Iowa, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana and Idaho - and for several health plans.
"This price hike seems to be inspiring many people to make a quit attempt and change an addictive behavior that harms their health and costs them money," said Matt Keelin, Director of Health Initiatives at National Jewish Health. "We are adding staff to handle the surge in calls, but ask callers to be patient; you may have to wait on hold or leave a message. We promise, however, that we will contact you as soon as possible."
January is normally the busiest time of year with people following through on their New Year's resolutions to quit smoking. In early January 2009, National Jewish received an average of 1,260 calls per day to its quitlines. Normally, calls would drop to about 750 per day in March. Instead, numbers have grown steadily in March, reaching 2,898 on Tuesday.
Today, April 1, a 62-cent federal tax hike on all tobacco products takes effect, although tobacco companies raised prices on many products several weeks ago in advance of the tax hike. The tax will help fund the nationwide Children's Health Insurance Program.
The quitlines operated by National Jewish Health are free to state residents or health plan members. Participants receive educational materials, customized coaching from trained tobacco-cessation counselors, and unlimited inbound calls for people needing extra help in their effort to remain tobacco-free. Program participants can also receive free nicotine-replacement therapy.
Participation in the quitlines operated by National Jewish Health increase by about sevenfold a smoker's chances of quitting. Thirty-three percent of quitline participants remain tobacco-free six months after completing the program. Less than 5 percent of people trying to quit on their own succeed.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 3, 2007
|Filing date
|Nov 9, 2005
|Priority date
|Apr 2, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John George Olin
|Original Assignee
|Sierra Instruments, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (46), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to mass flow meters, particularly regarding their manufacture at decreased cost, yet of such quality for critical applications.
The mass flow rate of a fluid (defined by its average velocity multiplied by its mass density multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the channel through which the flow travels) is a measured quantity of interest in the control or monitoring of most practical and industrial applications, such as any chemical reaction, combustion, heating, cooling, drying, mixing, fluid power, etc. Generally speaking, a thermal anemometer is used to measure the mass velocity at a point or small area in a flowing fluid—be it liquid or gas. The mass velocity of a flowing fluid is its velocity referenced to standard or normal temperature and pressure. The mass velocity averaged over the flow channel's cross-sectional area multiplied by the cross-sectional area is the standard or normal volumetric flow rate through the channel and is a common way of expressing the total mass flow rate through the channel.
The thermal anemometer is sometimes referred to as an immersible thermal mass flow meter because it is immersed in a flow stream or channel in contrast to other thermal mass flow meter systems, such as those which sense the total mass flow rate by means of a heated capillary tube mounted externally to the flow channel. The operational principles of thermal anemometers derives from the fact that a heated sensor placed in a fluid stream transfers heat to the fluid in proportion to the mass flow rate of the fluid. In a thermal anemometer, one such heated sensor is provided together with another sensor that detects fluid temperature. In the constant-temperature mode of operation, the heated sensor is maintained at a constant temperature above the fluid temperature. The temperature difference between the flowing fluid and the heated sensor results in an electrical power demand in maintaining this constant temperature difference that increases proportional to the fluid mass flow rate and that can be calculated. Alternately, some thermal anemometers operate in a constant-current mode wherein a constant current or power is applied to the heated sensor and the fluid mass flow rate is calculated from the difference in the temperature of the heated sensor and the fluid temperature sensor, which decreases as mass flow rate increases. Thermal anemometers have greater application to gases, rather than liquids, because their sensitivity in gases is higher than in liquids.
Because the parts of the heated sensor of known thermal anemometers are not sufficiently reproducible dimensionally or electrically, known thermal anemometers require multi-point flow calibration of electrical output versus mass flow rate, usually in the actual fluid and with the actual ranges of fluid temperature and pressure of the application. For industrial applications, the heated sensor and fluid temperature sensor of known thermal anemometers typically have their respective sensors encased in a protective housing (e.g., thermowell or metallic tube sealed at its end, etc.). Usually, the encased heated sensor is inserted into the tip of the housing and is surrounded by a potting compound, such as epoxy, ceramic cement, thermal grease, or alumina powder.
In such a system, "skin resistance" and stem conduction are two major contributors to non-ideal behavior and measurement errors in thermal anemometers constructed in this manner. Skin resistance is the thermal resistance between the encased heated sensor and the external surface of the housing exposed to the fluid flow. The well-known hot-wire thermal anemometers have zero skirt resistance, but thermal anemometers with a housing do have skin resistance. The use of a potting compound substantially increases the skin resistance because such potting compounds have a relatively low thermal conductivity.
Skin resistance results in a temperature drop between the encased heated sensor and the external surface of the housing which increases as the electrical power supplied to the heated sensor increases. Skin resistance creates a "droop" and decreased sensitivity in the, power versus fluid mass flow rate calibration curve which is difficult to quantify and usually varies from meter to meter because of variations both in the parts of construction and in installation. The ultimate result of these skin-resistance problems is reduced accuracy. Furthermore, the use of a surrounding potting compound can create long-term measurement errors caused by aging and by cracking due to differential thermal expansion between the parts of the heated sensor.
Stem conduction causes a fraction of the electrical power supplied to the encased heated sensor to be passed through the stem of the heated sensor, down the housing, lead wires, and other internal parts of the heated sensor, and ultimately to the exterior of the fluid flow channel. Stem conduction couples the electrical power supplied to the encased heated sensor to the ambient temperature outside the channel. If the ambient temperature changes, stem conduction changes, and measurement errors occur. Similarly, stem conduction is responsible for errors in the encased fluid temperature sensor's measurement because it too is coupled to the ambient temperature.
Further discussion of the operational principles of known immersible thermal mass flow meters, their several configurations, particular advantages, uses, skin resistance, and stem conduction are presented in section 29.2 entitled "Thermal Anemometry" by the inventor hereof as presented in The Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, as well as U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,880,365; 5,879,082; and 5,780,736, all assigned to Sierra Instruments, Inc., and each incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
As noted in the referenced material, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) may be employed in the heated sensor and the fluid temperature sensor, when one is provided. Alternative sensors for either the heated sensor or the fluid temperature sensor include thermocouples, thermopiles, thermistors, and semiconductor junction thermometers. RTD sensors are generally recognized as being more accurate and stable than any of these alternatives.
RTD sensors operate on the principle of electrical resistance increasing in accordance with increasing temperature. In known thermal anemometers, the RTDs are provided most commonly in the form of wire-wound sensors, but also as thin-film sensors (such as provided on an alumina chip) and least commonly as micro-machined sensors (such as provided in a silicon wafer). The most common wire-wound RTD sensors are usually manufactured via hand winding and hand resistance trimming, as well as other manual operations. This makes them vulnerable to human error in production and subject to irreproducibilities. The labor content, as well as the high cost of platinum wire, make them quite costly. Variations in the dimensions of the circular mandrel (e.g., alumina) over which the wire is typically wound and the insulating coating (e.g., glass) over the wound wires cause further dimensional and electrical-resistance irreproducibilities in wire-wound RTD sensors. Micro-machined RTD sensors have even worse dimensional and electrical resistance tolerances. As such, neither type of sensor is ideal for use in thermal anemometers.
On the other hand, thin-film RTD sensors are mass produced using automated production operations, employing technologies such as photolithography and lasers. This results in the comparatively high reproducibility, accuracy, stability, and cost-effectiveness of thin-film RTD sensors. Yet, prior to the teaching offered by the present invention, some thermal anemonmeters have used thin-film RTD's that were not entirely encased in a protective housing and which had their surfaces directly exposed to the fluid. Due to the fragility, poorer dimensional tolerances, and the oscillating and turbulent flow around the thin-film RTD body, etc., such devices—standing alone—have only proven suitable for light duty, low-end, low-accuracy/precision requirement applications.
Prior to the solution offered by the present invention, the best accuracy typically achievable in current thermal anemometers for industrial applications was approximately 2% to 3% of reading error in accuracy over a mass flow rate range of 10% to 100% of full scale and over a relatively smaller temperature and pressure range. The construction of the heated sensor selected is what limits the accuracy. Most commonly, a wire-wound RTD sensor and, less commonly, a thin-film RTD sensor is encased in the tip of a metallic tube (e.g., 316 stainless steel) sealed at its end and surrounded by a potting compound (e.g., epoxy, ceramic cement, thermal grease, or alumina powder).
Sensor fabrication with such potting compounds is inherently irreproducible due to variations in their composition, amount used, insufficient wetting of surfaces, and/or air bubbles. In the case of wire-wound sensors, this irreproducibility is added to previously mentioned irreproducibilities associated with wire-wound RTD sensors themselves. These irreproducibilities, combined with the previously mentioned high skin resistance and potential for long-term instability associated with the use of potting compounds, limits the-overall accuracy of known thermal anemometers constructed in this manner.
The thermal anemometer described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,365 avoids the accuracy degrading use of potting compounds by forming the encasing housing over the wire-wound RTD sensor by means of forces external to the housing. This construction has high stability and improved accuracy but is relatively expensive and may have irreproducibilities associated both with wire-wound RTD sensors and with variations from meter to meter in the gap between the wire-wound RTD and the internal surface of the housing.
However, the present invention employs a thin-film RTD not prone to such problems. It does so in a manner not heretofore contemplated, thereby offering the advantage of the sensor type's relative benefits, but in a highly accurate meter. As such, the present invention offers a significant advance in the art.
Where a thermal anemometer is desired for use in a given application, the quality of the device may be quite significant. The present invention offers a mode of device construction or packaging in connection with thin-film RTD sensors (TFRTD) that is able to leverage the cost advantage offered by such products, but still attains and improves the measurement quality required of scientific and industrial applications. Namely, systems according to the present invention offer performance with as low as 1% to 1.5% or 2% of reading error in accuracy over a mass flow rate range of 10% to 100% of full scale (or larger) and over a relatively larger fluid temperature and pressure range.
When coupled with computations based on heat-transfer correlations and other corrective algorithms, reducing the dimensional and electrical (e.g., resistance) tolerances of the parts of the heated sensor as is possible with the present invention yields important cost-reducing and accuracy-enhancing benefits. These potential benefits include: fewer flow calibration points required; calibration with a low-cost surrogate flow calibration fluid (e.g., air for other gases); and better accuracy over wider ranges for mass flow rate, fluid temperature, and fluid pressure. In the ultimate case of negligible tolerances (i.e., perfect reproducibility), no flow calibration whatsoever is required.
To achieve one or more of these benefits, the present invention provides an approach for using a TFRTD temperature sensor(s) in an immersible thermal mass flow meter. The meter may be configured in connection with relevant hardware for use as an insertion or as an in-line type device. The meters include temperature and velocity sensor-elements. The velocity sensor-element has a heated TFRTD sensor and may also include a secondary temperature sensor to enable compensation for stem conduction. The temperature sensor element may also include a second temperature sensor for stem-conduction compensation as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,082. The meter's sensor elements are typically used in connection with a programmed general-purpose computer or dedicated electronic control hardware—either example of such hardware including a data processor.
In each variation of the invention, the heated sensor in the velocity sensor element is a TFRTD sensor. Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention uses TFRTDs for the remaining temperature sensors in both the velocity sensor element and the temperature sensor element, alternative types of temperature sensors can be used in these locations.
Means of producing the heated TFRTD of the velocity sensor element include printed circuit technology, photolithography, laser milling, and MEMs approaches, etc., whereby a temperature sensing element is provided on a silicon wafer, by thin-film platinum, nickel, or other metal on an alumina or other electrically insulating chip, or otherwise. By virtue of the manner in which the heated TFRTD is held or captured within the velocity sensor element, spacing or gaps between it and adjacent thermally conductive material are minimized or effectively eliminated.
In the subject heated TFRTD of the velocity sensor element of mass flow meters according to the present invention, an outer layer is provided by a housing that captures a spacer or interface member (gland), that—in turn—captures the TFRTD. During manufacture, gaps between the TFRTD and the spacer adapted to receive the same are minimized or eliminated using a method in which the ductile metal forming the spacer is compressed around or about the TFRTD. Such an approach may take place prior to insertion or encasement of the spacer into an outer housing (e.g., thermowell or tube).
Beyond selecting a ductile material for the spacer, certain other material-choice considerations, in any combination, may be considered pertinent. For one, the spacer material may have a high thermal conductivity in order to minimize skin resistance and to provide a more uniform axial temperature distribution along the length of the spacer, thereby simplifying the use of heat-transfer correlations and other corrective algorithms for the velocity sensor element. For another, it may be desirable to produce the spacer from powdered metal for the sake of economy in producing the desired shape. Alternatively, the spacer material may be selected in coordination with that of the housing and TRFTD in order to match or substantially match thermal expansion properties.
In any case, the approach to heated TFRTD capture within the tightest tolerances using an interface member is a major reason why the velocity sensor element—and thus—thermal anemometers according to the invention offer the requisite accuracy and precision for industrial and scientific applications. Yet, it is the inexpensive nature, reproducible dimensions and electrical characteristics of using a thin-film RTD temperature sensor (at least as the heated sensor of the velocity sensor element) that make systems according to the present invention economical.
The tangible benefits to users of immersible thermal mass flow meters according to the present invention may include reduced cost, higher accuracy, and higher stability than know alternatives. The features of the invention yield these benefits by solving the problems of known thermal anemometers described in the Background section above as follows: the use of a TFRTD as the heater of the velocity sensor element reduces cost and enhances reproducibility issues; the high thermal conductivity interface member assembled with minimal gaps reduces skin resistance and simplifies the use of heat-transfer correlations and corrective algorithms; the "dry" sub-assembly of the heated sensor of the velocity sensor element fabricated without the use of potting compounds increases long-term stability and reproducibility; an additional optional temperature sensor in the velocity sensor element and/or temperature sensor element compensates for stem conduction. In the above features improved reproducibility yields the benefit of reduced costs; simplified heat-transfer correlations and corrective algorithms yield the benefits of better accuracy and reduced cost; and reduced skin resistance and stem-conduction compensation both yield the benefit of better accuracy.
In sum, the present invention includes systems comprising any of the features described herein. As for these features and possible advantages enjoyed in connection therewith, only the use of at least one TFRTD is required in the invention. All other advantageous aspects are optional. Methodology, especially in connection with manufacture, also forms part of the invention.
Each of the figures diagrammatically illustrates aspects of the invention. Of these:
Variation of the invention from that shown in the figures is contemplated. Fluid flow direction is indicated in many of the figures by arrows.
Before the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular variations set forth and may, of course, vary. Various changes may be made to the invention described and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process act(s) or step(s), to the objective(s), spirit or scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims made herein.
Methods recited herein may be carried out in any order of the recited events which is logically possible, as well as the recited order of events. Furthermore, where a range of values is provided, it is understood that every intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in the stated range is encompassed within the invention. Also, it is contemplated that any optional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein;
All existing subject matter mentioned herein (e.g., publications, patents, patent applications and hardware) is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety except insofar as the subject matter may conflict with that of the present invention (in which case what is present herein shall prevail). The referenced items are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such material by virtue of prior invention.
Reference to a singular item, includes the possibility that there are plural of the same items present. More specifically, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "and," "said," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as "solely," "only" and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a "negative" limitation. Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Turning now to
Spacer 20 is advantageously constructed of molded powdered metal. In that manner it is cost-effectively constructed to define a hole or bore 22 suited to closely fit temperature sensor 2. Other techniques, such as broaching and electric discharge machining, may be employed in producing the part. However, as a molded powdered metal piece, the item is inexpensive to produce.
Still further, as a powdered metal piece, the inventor hereof observed an unexpected result. Namely, when the sensor was inserted into the hole, any gap between the sensor and the bore is permanently collapsed by squeezing the exterior of the spacer in a simple chuck. Such ease of plastic deformation of the piece is believed (at least in part) to result from the nature of the powdered metal matrix.
Yet, whether the spacer is a powdered metal piece or otherwise formed, more aggressive forming techniques can be applied to reduce any gaps between the sensor and facing material. Particularly, a hydroforming procedure such as described in the '365 patent referenced above may be employed. It should be noted that such forming techniques should not apply forces on sensor 2 sufficient to generate electrical resistance changes caused by strains in sensor number 2. Our tests have shown that with simple mechanical compression of a powdered metal copper spacer and release from the compression, sensor 2 is not easily pressed from hole 22 (when opened at a distal end 24 to allow such action).
Accordingly, it has been surmised that one or more points or sub-areas of the two larger-area surfaces 28 of the hole 22 in spacer 20 are touching mating points or sub-areas of the two larger-area surfaces 14 of temperature sensor 2, thereby clamping temperature sensor 2, with forces substantially normal to the sensor, in an immovable position relative to the spacer 20 and insuring long-term stability of the subassembly. The gaps between the two smaller-area surfaces of the hole 22 and the two smaller-area surfaces of the temperature sensor 2 may be designed to be relatively larger and thereby have little effect in the compression process.
It is further surmised, based on material variations and testing, that the total gap—the sum of the gap between one surface 28 of the hole 22 and its mating surface 14 of the temperature sensor 2 and the gap between the second pair of such surfaces—ranges from about 0.003 inches to 0.0005 inches (and where mating surfaces touch even smaller) and likely averages about 0.001 inches. That is to say, the sensor thickness "ST" and gap width "GW" as shown in
In the present invention, spacer 20 provides an intermediate member between sensor 2 and the shell housing 32 of the velocity sensor element 30. In the '365 patent, it is the housing that is externally pressure formed. In the present invention, no such activity occurs in connection with the housing. Instead, spacer 20 (together with sensor 2) is press-fit into the housing. The rounded distal end 24 of spacer 20 is pressed into a complimentary distal section 34 of housing 32. In this manner, gaps along the outer surface of the bullet-shaped spacer subassembly are substantially eliminated.
The fit between the spacer and its housing may be designed as a close fit, a light press fit or even a heavy press fit. In the latter cases, the housing exerts a radial force on the spacer subassembly. This force may supplement any previously-applied compression to the spacer 20 onto temperature sensor 2 or it may instead offer the only compression onto temperature sensor 2 applied in some cases.
Seeing as a goal of the spacer is to eliminate gaps (which are more than an order of magnitude less thermally conductive than the desired metal material) that increase skin resistance and thereby decrease system accuracy and introduce variability interfering with modeling of the system, the shape of bore 22 will depend on the shape of the sensor. Regardless of the sensor shape, it is preferred that at least the portion 26 of the spacer facing the active surface 12 of the RTD be shaped to facilitate direct and at least substantially complete abutment of the surfaces.
Still further, it is to be appreciated that the inventive system is one in which no significant amount of fillers or potting material such as epoxy, ceramic cement, thermal grease, alumina powder, or another agent or compound is provided between sensor 2, spacer 20, and housing 32 of velocity sensor element 30. This factor is important since introduction of such material introduces in quantity (or at all) may introduce irreproducibilities in the velocity sensor element. It may further introduce instability, for example, by virtue of differential expansion during temperature cycling. Still, one might add a very thin layer of thermally conductive material, otherwise used as "potting compound" to all gaps in effort to reduce skin resistance between elements. However, such a film, veneer or wetting of components (likely performed prior to their assembly) is different, in kind, to immersing or traditionally "potting" an item in such material.
On another front, due to thermal cycling it is also desirable that at least spacer 20 and housing 32 have substantially or approximately matched coefficients of thermal expansion. Such a result is possible in the case of a pairing of copper and stainless steel for the spacer and housing, respectively. Of course, other materials may be selected. Yet, the copper/stainless combination has proven highly advantageous by virtue of the ductility of the copper in the forming procedure of the spacer against sensor 2 and further with respect to the good material thermal expansion rate match the selection provides.
As for further optional features of the invention, reference is made to
In addition to such other facets as one with skill in the art will appreciate upon review of the present disclosure,
While including the sensor 40 offers certain advantages in the ability to broadly provide compensation for stem conduction, it still may be desired to provide a longitudinal spacer collar 54 to carefully define the distance between ferrule 50 (for when it might carry a sensor 40) and spacer 20 which carries sensor 2.
As for the more global construction of a thermal mass flow meter according to the present invention,
While such constructional details are within the level of those with skill in the art to handle without undue experimentation,
Yet another advantageous innovation that may be desired for use in connection with the present invention for thermal anemometers of the insertion configuration is shown in
Whereas the largest portion of the flow of a fluid around such known thermal anemometers of the insertion configuration flows circumferentially and perpendicularly around the meter's perpendicularly-oriented stem 88 and sensor head 80 of
Accordingly, insertion meter sensor head 80 of the present invention is designed to reduce errors caused by such axial flows. Shoulder 84 and inset 86 of sensor head 80 in
Turning to
In most known insertion-type and in-line configuration immersible thermal mass flow meters the velocity sensor and temperature sensor elements are aligned substantially perpendicular to the main fluid flow stream as shown in
Accordingly, meter 100 in
The present invention is suited for use in connection with various other flow meter configurations in addition to those shown the various figures. As for other manners in which the present invention may be implemented (i.e., housed or integrated in a flow system), these are either known or readily appreciated by one with skill in the art; further examples of which are sold by Sierra Instruments, Inc.
The thermal anemometer of the invention retains advantageous performance if operated with either digital or analog sensor-drive electronics, or with a combination of both, in either the constant-temperature or constant-current modes of operations, all as described in the above mentioned book chapter authored by the inventor hereof. Digital electronics may be preferred for reason of simplified computations based on heat-transfer correlations and corrective algorithms, that compensate for any changes (e.g., as referenced to flow calibration conditions) in the fluid itself, fluid temperature, fluid pressure, ambient temperature, and other variables and influence parameters, thereby yielding higher system accuracy. Said heat-transfer correlations and corrective algorithms are based on known empirical heat transfer correlations, specific experimental data for the thermal anemometer of the present invention, physics-based heat transfer theory, and other sources.
Though the invention has been described in reference to several examples, optionally incorporating various features, the invention is not to be limited to that which is described or indicated as contemplated with respect to each embodiment or variation of the invention. The breadth of the present invention is to be limited only by the literal or equitable scope of the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 1, 1996
|Mar 10, 1998
|Honeywell Inc.
|Temperature sensor with internal rigid substrate
|Nov 27, 1996
|Jul 14, 1998
|Sierra Instruments, Inc.
|Axial thermal mass flowmeter
|May 30, 1997
|Jul 14, 1998
|Nec Corporation
|Multilayer circuit board unit
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|O'brien Donald J
|Electromechanical tactile stimulation devices and methods
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|Herstellungsverfahren eines Sensors eines thermischen Durchflussmessger�ts
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|Jun 27, 2013
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|Spacer for thermal flow measuring device, has spacer having a plane bearing surface for thin-film resistance thermometer and cylindrical circumferential surface, where plane bearing surface is inclined to longitudinal axis of spacer
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 4, 2006
Owner name: SIERRA INSTRUMENTS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OLIN, JOHN G.;REEL/FRAME:018364/0820
Effective date: 20051114
|Sep 23, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 14, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 3, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 26, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150403


text:
German heritage celebrated in Lowell
This rural village lies between two ridges on the banks of the Muskingum River. Served by Ohio 60 and one traffic light, this third settlement of the Northwest Territory was founded in 1788 but wasn't fully settled until 1795.
Lowell once thrived with a tannery, brickyard, saw and flour mills until the flood of 1913 swept through the community wiping out many of these industries. The village is now home to an elementary school, park, grocery store and several independent businesses including a funeral home.
Part of the Fort Frye school district, the community's German Catholic heritage carries through today in the annual Lowell Octoberfest. The event, staged on nearby Buell Island, typically draws tens of thousands of people looking for food, fun and entertainment. The community also hosts a Springfest in April of each year.
The village is within a short drive of Interstate 77. Emergency services are provided by a part-time police department, the Washington County Sheriff's Office and volunteer fire department.
Fast facts- 2000 Census Data
Population: 628
Total Households: 258
Median Household Income: $30,865
Median Age: 38.5
Average Household Size: 2.43
Lowell Elementary School
Buell Island, now the home of the relocated and renovated Straight Run one-room school house.
Article Photos
Robert Carpenter picks strawberries at the R&K Wagner Farm in Lowell.


text:
For many people, the holidays are a stressful time of year. Unexpected guests
dropping by, entertaining relatives, and finding the perfect gift on everyone's
list are all daunting tasks. To add even more to the holiday pressure, we must
still deal with our day-to-day tasks and responsibilities. Talk about unwanted
Stress is the body's normal form of defense. When faced with danger or
discomfort, your body reacts in a 'fight or flight' mode as a form of
protection. If your body is subjected to constant, repetitive and stressful
situations, without time to restore itself, your health could suffer. More...
Unfortunately, arthritis is one of the most common conditions affecting dogs
in America today. In 2008, arthritis was listed among the top ten disease
conditions in dogs (source: VPI). According to recent data, there are as many as 10
million dogs currently suffering from the chronic pain of joint disease, and one
in five dogs will develop arthritis or joint disease during their lifetimes.
Otherwise known as degenerative joint disease, arthritis is caused by the
loss of cartilage that covers the tips of bones in movable joints, such as the
elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, etc. Arthritis is generally a wear-and-tear disease
seen more often in older dogs. As a result of continual rubbing, the cartilage
wears away leaving bone ends exposed to each other. Since there are no nerve
endings in the cartilage, no pain is felt until the cartilage is worn away; but
when that happens, the edges of bones rub together causing pain and
Arthritis can also occur in younger dogs as a result of genetic conditions,
such as hip and elbow dysplasia. Canine arthritis is similar to human arthritis
in that it cannot be cured, but the silver lining is that arthritis in dogs is
not a hopeless condition. There are many effective treatments available to ease
symptoms, slow progression of the disease and to help ensure your dog's quality
of life.
In this video, Dr. Sarah explains how to determine whether or not your dog
might be suffering from this all-too-common disorder, as well as tips about how
to manage pain and other symptoms should your dog be diagnosed with degenerative
joint disease.
This holiday season, we're especially pleased to bring you news of yet
another financial award given by the Dr. Jane's HealthyPetNet Foundation, this
time to an inspirational organization of animal rescuers in Pennsylvania.
Better Days Animal League is a non-profit animal rescue organization that was
established in the summer of 2007. In their short time on the scene, they have
helped to rescue and find forever homes for hundreds of animals in need.
The folks at this wonderful organization coordinate their efforts with local
government officials and other local rescue organizations to further their
primary mission, which is to be a strong advocate for animals. In fact, they are
absolutely dedicated to the principle that all life must be treated with value,
dignity and respect. More...


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Vice President for Student Affairs
Dr. Mark Shanley was appointed as Vice President of Student Affairs at Radford University on August 1, 2010. Prior to joining Radford, Dr. Shanley served as Interim Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs at Miami University in Ohio.
His previous professional service included Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and Associate Professor of Education (College Student Development Administration) at Northern Kentucky University, Dean of Student Affairs at Truman State University, and Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of Student Development at the University of South Carolina at Columbia. His first professional position was Coordinator of Student Activities at Youngstown State University. He was born in Ottawa, Ill. and grew up in Toledo, Ohio.
Dr. Shanley received a Bachelors of Arts in Psychology at the University of Cincinnati, a Master of Science in Education from Indiana University Bloomington, and a Doctorate in Higher Education Administration from the University of South Carolina Columbia. His dissertation research focused on the impact of freshman seminar participation on student retention and graduation rates. Dr. Shanley is a life-long member of Delta Tau Delta Fraternity and serves on the Alumni Advisory Board for the Gamma Xi chapter at UC.
Dr. Shanley has held faculty rank as associate professor at several institutions and has taught courses on higher education administration, student personnel services, as well as University 101. He has been actively engaged in NASPA, ACPA, NACA, and other professional associations throughout his career, and served on the founding board of the NASPA National Academy for Leadership and Executive Effectiveness.


text:
5 ways to keep phone charged in a power outage
Published On: Oct 30 2012 07:05:40 AM AKDT Updated On: Feb 08 2013 06:39:08 PM AKSTSorry, Flash is not supported.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.


text:
Every day, the Devils Lake Journal publishes a selection of stories both in print and on the web you can't find anywhere else.
Friday, December 28, 2012, found only in print in the pages of the Devils Lake Journal were Donald Kaul column and Ripple Effect on page 4, Entertainment on page 7, Church photos and stories with local church listings on page 8 and outdoors-related columns and articles on page 12.
Found only on the web will be photo galleries from skating and reader submissions plus two skating videos.
Location, ST | website.com


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GALT - A teenager was shot and killed Sunday night in the 400 block of Second Street, according to Galt police.
Officers responded to three shots fired in the area of Second and E streets at 9:30 p.m. Upon arrival, they discovered the body of the teenager, identified by the Sacramento County Coroner's Office as Ricardo Guererro of Galt.
Lt. Brian Kalinowski said the Galt Police Department would not release further information pending further investigation.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
The West Indies made sure to end their otherwise disastrous trip to Australia on a high, winning the one-off T20 in Brisbane by 27 runs on Wednesday.
The West Indies made sure to end their otherwise disastrous trip to Australia on a high, winning the one-off T20 in Brisbane by 27 runs on Wednesday.
The Windies lost the ODI series 5-0, and were determined to show why they are the World Twenty20 champions at the Gabba. They scored 191 for six in their allotted overs, while the Aussies could only make 164 for eight.
The world champions put themselves in to bat first, and while Chris Gayle yet again failed to score anything decent, Johnson Charles and the Bravo brothers made sure to keep the rate going at more than eight to the over.
Charles, who is not what one would call a classic batsman in terms of technique, top scored with 57 off 35 balls before being bowled by debutant (one of three) Nathan Coulter-Nile.
Kieron Pollard continued his good run with a quick 26 off 17 balls, as the rookie Aussie bowling attack copped some flack. There were a number of skied shots, but more often than not the ball fell in no-man's land.
James Faulkner was the pick of the hosts' bowlers, taking three wickets and was the only one to go at less than nine to the over. He removed Pollard, Dwayne Bravo and Darren Sammy, who had made 20 off seven balls.
The Aussies were never really in the chase, losing wickets at regular intervals and falling victim to some superb catching in the deep, and some well-executed run outs.
Adam Voges was a bright light for the second-string hosts though, adding 51 to the century he made in the ODI series. He was the only player to get a decent score though, as Pollard took three wickets.
Australia: Aaron Finch, Shaun Marsh, Adam Voges, George Bailey, Ben Rohrer, Brad Haddin, James Faulkner, Ben Cutting, Nathan Coulter-Nile, Clint McKay, Josh Hazlewood
West Indies: Chris Gayle, Johnson Charles, Darren Bravo, Dwayne Bravo, Kieron Pollard, Narsingh Deonarine, Devon Thomas (wk), Darren Sammy (c), Sunil Narine, Andre Russell, Tino Best


text:
Dillon Valley Elementary may not be considered the biggest school, either in size or population, but it can certainly be called the most diverse, especially where the teaching staff is concerned. Dillon Valley currently employs 12 teachers with an international background, all of whom are bilingual and come from Spanish-speaking countries.
Six of the international teachers hail from Spain (from northern, central and southern areas), three are from Mexico, two are from Columbia and one is from Guatemala. Most did not know each other before meeting at Dillon Valley.
Carolina Lopez de Blas of Spain has been here the longest - nearly three years, teaching first grade. She's been enjoying herself immensely, and is hoping to extend her stay. The newest teacher is Eva Nunez, who just arrived from Spain this summer. Though she has at times felt a bit overwhelmed working and living in a foreign country, she says that she, too, has been having fun.
"I love it so far," she said. "I'm really happy here."
The learning climate and class structure at Dillon Valley is unique. Each of the foreign teachers pairs with a native English-speaking co-teacher. The students, from kindergarten up to fifth grade, trade between the two teachers, learning subjects in both Spanish and English languages. No matter what language they speak at home, students spend time each day speaking both languages.
Harriet Hoffman lives in Blue River, but she brings her daughter, first-grader Lucia Hoffman-Farmer, across the county every day to attend Dillon Valley. Hoffman cites the dual-language program as a main reason for doing this.
"I think it expands their concept of the world around them," she said. "They get more of a global perspective, they hear different accents. ... It expands their learning ability and how their brain works."
Hoffman says her daughter sometimes speaks Spanish at home, though her accent has shifted a bit toward that found in Spain. Hoffman views this as an interesting example of cultural learning.
Just as American accents are different from British and Australian, so are accents between Spain, Mexico and South American countries. The teachers relate occasional difficulties in understanding between themselves, and between students who are native Spanish speakers.
"Sometimes we don't understand each other, and we're speaking the same language," said Isabel Rodriguez, who is from Mexico and teaches second grade. "Their vocabulary is so different (and) we have to figure out, 'how do you say this in this country, how do you say this in that country?'"
Though certain difficulties arise, for the most part, the teachers say that their students at all levels understand them very well. Communication does not lie in understanding every single word spoken, but in understanding the concept that is put across. Once the concept comes across, the words and the grammar follow.
Rather than be discouraged by differences in accent or expression, the teachers have found an opportunity for teaching about culture. When an expression is used that not everyone knows, it's discussed and compared with others. The teachers also say that the cultural angle can be found in nearly every aspect of the classroom.
"When I am teaching something, I try to compare with the way we do it (in Spain), and let them know that things can be done in several ways," said Eugenio Perez, who teaches fourth grade. "I try to put in cultural aspects from my home country."
This practice is particularly pervasive in math class, according to Perez. Though often considered a universal language, math between U.S. and Spanish culture can be difficult, because the style and layout of math problems differs between the two.
"They just really help bring some authentic global perspective to what we try to do in the building every day," said Dillon Valley principal Cathy Beck.
Deborah Hage, whose granddaughter attends third grade, agrees.
"I think education is more than book learning, it's more than memorization of facts. I think it has to be very experiential," she said. "Having these different, diverse forms of thought and expression in the school is more important to the kids than memorizing or getting a certain bit of facts."
Cultural learning takes place both inside and outside of the classroom, which all of the international crew have come to recognize. Not only are they teaching the children about their home culture, but they are learning about American culture at the same time.
When asked to share something that they found in America that was unexpected, they brought up volunteer work and the overall sense of openness and generosity.
"People (here) are really warm," Lopez de Blas said. They're really open-minded, more than we've heard. ... The things that arrive in our country about the United States are always negative, and it's so sad."
"That's why teaching culture is so important," Rodriguez added. "because the culture here is so giving."
"But I think we can change that," said Nuria de la Cruz Mena, a first-grade teacher from Spain. "When we go back, we will teach the culture in that way."
"The purpose of our program is to teach Spanish here, and to teach our culture, and also to create links, and teach back the culture we have learned here," Perez said. "I think it's important ... to create a bridge between the two cultures."
In addition to discussing the culture of the United States, the teachers also explained that Summit County was special.
"I think we are very happy in being in this spot in particular," said Perez. "I think we would have a quite different experience if we went to Denver, or a different school in the state. I think we are in a very different and special, unique spot."
The other teachers nodded, agreeing, pointing out that colleagues in other cities and states have since come and gone, fulfilling only the minimum requirement of program time.
Nunez, the newest arrival, spoke up for all of them. "I feel that we have come to the right place."


text:
Last month we told you about this brilliant, cutting-edge, edgy, ahead of the edge, razor's edge ad out of France for some "unbreakable" eyeglass frames. We gently noted that every last bit of information about who made the ad and where they would be during business hours every day was easily accessible online, should the Hells Angels be interested in those facts. Not that they would, what with their legendary sense of humor!
Well, for some reason, the ad agency in question has now emailed Copyranter, the blogger who originally posted the ad, saying that "in order to avoid any potential troubles with the Hell's Angels organization in the USA," the client, Essilor, is "asking to withdraw" the ad, and could he please, pretty please, take it down?
"No," replied Copyranter.
Let this be a lesson to many people, about many things.


text:
2012 London Olympic Games Posters Proposal
Category: Design / Print,
Posted by:
Posted: Jun 16th 2011
No. of comments: 0
Posted: Jun 16th 2011
No. of comments: 0
Alan Clarke developed these proposals for the 2012 London Olympic Games which were unfortunately not accepted. Great representation of energy and movement using shape and colour.


text:
I was in 7-11 buying cigs and I caved in and bought some Mountain Dew. I was on dewxp.com entering a code and I got this weird feeling, something I'd never felt before.
Then....I had a revelation.
This is what it feels like to be mediocre.
I was in 7-11 buying cigs and I caved in and bought some Mountain Dew. I was on dewxp.com entering a code and I got this weird feeling, something I'd never felt before.
Then....I had a revelation.
This is what it feels like to be mediocre.
So you're finally operating at your true skill level?
My TrueSkill is 50 and I can prove that.
You held true to second and third place the other night. Jus sayin.
I had a REALLY fuckin weird lag issue last night. Like I'd join a game, typical laggy things like rubber-banding would happen but then it would progress to textures being unloaded on like half the map so it was just this gray smudge of a map and my Armor Abilities/Customization options never loaded in. No extended ammo, no shield recharge, nothing worked so I was stock as stock gets even using the presets.
Yeah last night was painful in every mode online. Hopefully it was just some hiccups from the playlist update and not the permanent state of online play.
343 doesn't know how to internet like Bungie does.
You aren't shitting dude. I cannot think of a single shitty, laggy bullshit game in Reach. No matter who I was playing or where they were from all the games seemed to run smoothly.
I didn't play many games of Reach to be honest but I'd have to agree. I was actually pretty ecstatic this game was running so well online then I got cock-slapped by that shit last night.
EDIT: The friendly AI marines should really be immune to friendly fire for how idiotic they are. Trying to get the achievement in Spartan Ops to keep one alive on that one mission...giving them anything other than a pistol is probably a bad idea or they kill eachother, but at the same time that's way too many sword elites to have a bunch of perky marines sticking their face into swords and generally just getting gang raped.
Last edited by Konnery; 11-20-2012 at 09:55 PM.
So apparently 343 broke our region filter trying to fix shit for Aussies. That's why everything went asstier with the playlist update as it contained a "fix". Welcome to Gears of War Halo fans. Every fix will break something else even more.
It's kind of lame that you "unlock" a specialization at 50 but you can't use the abilities until you rank up more.
I have a crazy lag vid on my fileshare that I was convinced for a while had been a product of hax, but the more you guys report, the more I think it may just be that much of a server bump. My team, judging by the headset chatter, all got stuck watching the water roll by our bass on Valhalla for way longer than usual, and when we did get in, we all loaded without HUDs and the vehicles that people did manage to move and occupy were skipping around the map, with the areas on them that open to let passengers in (in the case of the Mantises and Banshees) were stuck open even as they moved. Eventually, we were all dead again and managed to spawn, at which point one dude on the other team already had 23 kills (hence my suspicions) to our big fat zero.
I was kind of surprised the video even saved as effed up, as I kind of wanted to see what was supposed to be going on that gave them 1/5 of the win before we even had a chance to start.
Dude at work is drinking a Mountain Dew and I just can't lower myself to ask him for his cap. Nope. Nu-uh.
Also, with them throwing like twenty-something Hunters at you in this latest Spartan Ops I figure I'll probably grind that to "master" my Hunter kills. I have no problem lowering myself to that.
Shootout In Valhalla's great for racking up Banshee kills, too. There's, what, nearly twenty of the little bastards?
When it's singleplayer or versus AI there's like no other way to do it without being more of a jackass.
stat padding losers


text:
Make this sun visor that's inspired by Foofa's pink petals. Simply use a wooden spoon to trace petal shapes and glue them onto a store-bought visor.
Watch Yo Gabba Gabba only on Nick Jr.
On a sheet of pink craft foam, have kids trace the petal shapes using a wooden spoon. Cut them out so that each measures about 1 inch longer than the visor itself. Glue on the petals one by one.
Kids can trace a mug or glass to create a circle. Cut it out, then trim it to fit the upper edge of the visor. Glue in place on top of the petals.
Set aside the visor to dry. If you wish, use clothespins or binder clips to keep the petal and flower center from shifting while the glue is still wet.
Razzle, dazzle Dad on Father's Day!
Make no-slip, marvelously magnetic monster bookmarks
Your Yo Gabba Gabba! fan is destined for sweet snugly dreams!
Snuggle up with Foofa
This cat's the coolest on a homemade iron-on T-shirt
This friendly cyclops has got its eye on your little monster
Let Muno keep an eye on your little one while he sleeps!
Cuddle up with Brobee!
Let your preschooler prepare for sleep with a cuddly plush Plex!
Just press print to put Plex on your preschooler's shirt!
Add some fun to your fashion with Foofa's funny face!
This Brobee T-shirt will quickly become a favorite!
Bring home a little bit of Brobee with this super springtime craft!
Make any egg more festive with a little help from Foofa!
DJ Lance will rock your Halloween!
Teach kids to play it safe at home
Everything you need for a monster dance party--in your living room
Plex helps charge your electronics
Beat the heat with help from Yo Gabba Gabba!
A handy case with a friendly face!
Dad will eat this photo frame up! Give it a try
This fun do-together craft will make Dad's day
Gabba--good to go!
Welcome to the show!
Celebrate summertime by crafting this 3D door sign
Say goodbye to the sizzling summer heat with this paw-some fan!
Dress up cones with cute Nick Jr. characters!
Eight is enough-or even two little hands--to make this friendly undersea creature
Make Dad a tie that's tied with love
These are a few of MY favorite things!
Let the sun shine on Blue and you!
Sunny days become just a little bit cooler
Cool off with a little help from Kai-lan
Beat the heat with help from Yo Gabba Gabba!
Dora says safety first!
Diego says safety first!
Show it off!
Dad will get a charge out of this holiday gift!


text:
100 years ago
- Hon. W.M. Dickson, representative from Washington County in the general assembly, has been appointed by Speaker Swain onto various committees, including the public schools committee.
- A witness in the "white slave case" died at her room at a residence on the south side of Court Square. Evidence points to suicide as cause of death.
Compiled by Amanda Nicholson, Marietta College Special Collections.


text:
Where the buck stops In October, Robert A. Kennedy resigned as president of Connecticut's Board of Regents for Higher Education when it was revealed he single-handedly approved lavish pay increases for some employees of the board that oversees the state universities, community colleges and Charter Oak State College. Mr. Kennedy was criticized for the secretive nature of his actions, as well as the fact that the raises were given to 21 already well-paid individuals. The raises were frozen and the board set up a panel to investigate what happened. Dec. 27, the Connecticut Mirror reported that panel determined 18 of the 21 raises were inappropriate and will remain frozen indefinitely. "People are working very hard, but that's the nature of work. ... We are not granting those salary increases to those 18 people at this time," said panel chairwoman Naomi K. Cohen. It's not surprising this debacle played out. Gov. Dannel P. Malloy usurped power and unilaterally installed Mr. Kennedy on the board under overly generous terms, signaling to Mr. Kennedy that he had free rein. As such, Gov. Malloy is ultimately responsible for this embarrassing affair.
Read more of this story and more!
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Unstoppable at the Paralympics
by Byron on Aug. 21, 2012 at 11:03 AM
Unstoppables is a documentary about a group of Spanish Paralympic cyclists, as it was described in an email to us this morning.
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We are following a group of cyclists as they prepare for the London 2012 Paralympic games. Juanjo lost his…


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Aimee Mann
Interested in the full range of human faults, foibles, dysfunction, and self-delusion? You could spend your evening re-reading the DSM-IV Manual. Or you could opt to spend some time with an even more entertaining catalog of idiosyncracies: Charmer, the latest album from Aimee Mann, as fine a chronicler of the human comedy as popular music has produced. Names have been obscured to protect the guilty, but you will almost certainly recognize yourself in these short narratives, along with the fellow travelers who have conned, enabled, victimized, or (yes) charmed you.
Mann has the presence of mind to write songs about narcissists, which is a little different from the 90 percent of rock songs that are about being a narcissist. "The first song I wrote for the album was called 'Charmer,' so that's kind of what started it," she says. "And there are obviously songs that aren't really on that topic, but it was a thing that I kept coming back to, because I do think people who are super-charming are really interesting. And I see how charm is on a continuum that goes all the way from people who can talk you out of anything to people who are manipulative to people who are almost a little sinister. They're usually people who you really like being around in the beginning, because they're really good at creating an impression that perhaps is tailor-made for you, and that's very seductive."
What They Use
PSM 1000 Personal Monitor System
Dual-channel PSM®1000 offers premium features for touring-grade wireless monitoring applications.On a Budget?


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Red Cliff Lodge is a beautiful property with six luxury suites, which are available for self-catering or B&B options. Situated overlooking the beach in Spanish Point, County Clare, the lodge also has a lovely sun lounge and restaurant.
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Definition of Cooper pair in English:
Cooper pair
1A loosely bound pair of electrons with opposite spins and moving with the same speed in opposite directions, held to be responsible for the phenomenon of superconductivity.
Example sentences
- In that model, pairs of electrons with opposite spin form so-called Cooper pairs with zero total spin.
- Electrons in these Cooper pairs have opposite values of momentum, meaning that the pairs themselves generally have zero orbital angular momentum.
- These electron pairs are called Cooper pairs, and as described by Schrieffer, they condense into a single state and flow as a totally directionless fluid.
1.1A loosely bound pair of atoms in a superfluid.
Example sentences
- Just as in Bose-Einstein condensation, the Cooper pairs can fall into a single quantum state and thus cause a phase transition to a superconducting or superfluid phase.
- Similarly, it is very unlikely for singlet superconductivity to appear in the ferromagnetic state because the exchange interaction forbids the formation of Cooper pairs.
- One potential source of such particles is the stream of conjoined electrons that exist in superconductors, but no one has been able to drive a wedge between these so-called Cooper pairs.
1960s: named after Leon N. Cooper (born 1930), American physicist.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: Coo¦per pair
Definition of Cooper pair in:
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Definición de strangulate en inglés:
verbo[with object] (often as adjective strangulated)
1 Medicine Prevent circulation of the blood supply through (a part of the body, especially a hernia) by constriction: a strangulated hernia
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Amniotic bands that connected a hypocoiled cord to the fetal neck and strangulated the neck were seen in one case.
- Acutely strangulated haemorrhoids occur as a result of thrombus formation resulting in gross swelling, irreducible prolapse, and severe pain.
- Pain is not common but can occur when the pile is strangulated or clotted.
2 informal Strangle; throttle: the poor woman died strangulated
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- In the more humane 19th cent., however, the sight of poor folk being strangulated for minor offences became less acceptable, and other methods of crime prevention were sought.
- Mr Surjewala said the government had strangulated the democracy in Haryana by registering false criminal cases against Congress leaders and workers.
- Using strangulated syntax instead of plain English means that the real meaning can be concealed from all save the magic circle of fellow-professionals who are in on the act.
2.1 (as adjective strangulated) Sounding as though the speaker's throat is constricted: a strangulated cry
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Her voice is as sexy as ever, yet, for such a small venue as the Blue Heron Arts Center, often too loud, and sometimes curiously strangulated.
- The music is volatile: its percussion tribal and its lead like a snake charmer's flute, strangulated forever.
- Kristin doesn't so much sing as offer strangulated, childlike whispers that are often double-tracked.
Palabras que riman con strangulatetriangulate
For editors and proofreaders
División en sílabas: stran·gu·late
Definición de strangulate en:
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- Feb 9:
- Hunt for ex-LAPD officer Christopher Dorner resumes in San Bernadino mountains
- Feb 8:
- Christopher Dorner manhunt: Search continues amid snow in Big Bear Lake
- Christopher Dorner Live Blog: Ex-LAPD cop thought to be dead after cabin burns
- Feb 7:
- Christopher Dorner: A look at the man behind the mayhem
- Dorner manhunt unfolds online: 'supporters' set up Facebook fan page
- VIDEO: Coverage of manhunt for fired LAPD officer Christopher Dorner
- Christopher Dorner Manhunt: Social media coverage
- Key events in hunt for ex-LAPD cop, suspected killer
- LA police shoot innocent people in ex-cop manhunt
- Christopher Dorner manhunt: Search for ex-LAPD killer cop leads to San Bernardino Mountains
- Fired LAPD officer Christopher Dorner identified as suspect in couple's death
- Massive manhunt for fired LAPD officer Christopher Dorner leads to San Bernardino Mountains
- Feb 6:
- Ex-LAPD cop suspected in killing of Cal State Fullerton coach, fiancé
LOS ANGELES (AP) -- A former Los Angeles police officer sought for two weekend killings -- and who threatened to kill police -- is a suspect in an overnight shooting in nearby Riverside that killed one officer and critically wounded another, police said Thursday.
The shooting happened early Thursday morning in the Los Angeles suburb of Corona. The wounded officer is in surgery. A third officer suffered a graze wound.
Two Newton station officers on security duty in the same area were also involved in a shooting overnight, but they weren't hurt, police said.
Former Los Angeles police officer Christopher Jordan Dorner is the suspect who's wanted in the killings of Monica Quan and her fiancé, Keith Lawrence, who were found shot to death in their car at a parking structure Sunday night, Irvine police Chief David L. Maggard said at a news conference Wednesday night.
Dorner, 33, implicated himself in the killings with a multi-page "manifesto" that he wrote that included threats against several people, including members of the LAPD, police said. They gave no further details on the document or its contents.
Autopsies showed that Quan and Lawrence were killed by multiple gunshot wounds in the parking structure at their condominium in Irvine, Orange County sheriff's spokesman Jim Amormino said earlier Wednesday.
Quan, 28, was an assistant women's basketball coach at Cal State Fullerton. Lawrence, 27, was a public safety officer at the University of Southern California.
The killings brought mourning and disbelief at three college campuses, Fullerton, USC, and Concordia University, where the two met when they were both students and basketball players.
Police do not know Dorner's whereabouts, and authorities were seeking the public's help in finding him.
"We have strong cause to believe Dorner is armed and dangerous," Maggard said, adding that the LAPD and FBI are assisting in the case.
Police said the U.S. Navy reservist may be driving a blue 2005 Nissan Titan pickup truck. His last known address was in La Palma in northern Orange County near Fullerton.
Dorner was with the department from 2005 until 2008, when he was fired for making false statements.
Quan's father, a former LAPD captain who became a lawyer in retirement, represented Dorner in front of the Board of Rights, a tribunal that ruled against Dorner at the time of his dismissal, LAPD Capt. William Hayes told The Associated Press Wednesday night.
Randal Quan retired in 2002. He later served as chief of police at Cal Poly Pomona before he started practicing law.
According to documents from a court of appeals hearing in October 2011, Dorner was fired from the LAPD after he made a complaint against his field training officer, Sgt. Teresa Evans. Dorner said that in the course of an arrest, Evans kicked suspect Christopher Gettler, a schizophrenic with severe dementia.
Following an investigation, Dorner was fired for making false statements.
Richard Gettler, the schizophrenic man's father, gave testimony that supported Dorner's claim. After his son was returned on July 28, 2007, Richard Gettler asked "if he had been in a fight because his face was puffy" and his son responded that he was kicked twice in the chest by a police officer.


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WASHINGTON (January 7, 2013)--As she returned to work Monday, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton was given a couple of gifts by her staff including a regulation football helmet bearing the State Department seal.
She also got a blue football jersey with the name "Clinton" and the number 112, the record-breaking number of countries she has visited since becoming secretary of state.
Aides said was delighted with the gifts but didn't try either of them on.
Her meeting with senior staff then turned to matters of national security and diplomacy.
It was Clinton's first such meeting since she was sidelined, first by a stomach virus, and then by a fall and a concussion, and finally by a brief hospitalization for a blood clot near her brain.
Officials say Clinton told her staff Monday she will testify before Congress about a review board's report on the attack on the U.S. consulate in Libya before she leaves office.
No date for that testimony has been set, and Congress is in recess for two more weeks.


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What to Watch for in Yellen's Testimony
Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen heads to Capitol Hill this week to deliver her inaugural report to Congress on the economy and monetary policy — her first public remarks since taking the central bank's helm.
Her first stop is the House Financial Services Committee, where she'll start testifying at 10 a.m. Tuesday. Her prepared remarks will be released at 8:30 a.m., giving lawmakers and investors lots of time to absorb the text before the show gets underway. Day Two of Ms. Yellen's testimony will be Thursday before the Senate Banking Committee, kicking off at 10:30 a.m.
Here's what to keep an eye on during the chairwoman's debut:
Steady as she goes on the taper. Ms. Yellen is likely to signal the Fed remains on course to wind down its bond-buying program this year, even after two months of weak job gains. Fed officials plan to trim the monthly purchases by $10 billion at each policy meeting as long as the economy lives up to their forecasts. If it doesn't, they could hit pause, but Ms. Yellen is unlikely to suggest such a move during the hearings for a couple of reasons.
First, members of the Fed's policy-making committee haven't gathered to discuss the January employment figures. Second, Fed officials will want to see more data before deciding whether to change their economic forecasts and policy path.
What's up with the labor market? Lawmakers will likely press Ms. Yellen to make sense of recent conflicting signals about the labor market's health. On the bright side: The unemployment rate has fallen faster than many economists expected, to 6.6% in January. On the cloudier side, that drop is partly because millions of people have left the labor market. Minutes from the Fed's December meeting showed some officials noting other signs of a still-weak labor market–the low share of people aged 25 to 54 with jobs, the large number of people working part-time who'd rather have full time jobs and the still high level of people who've been unemployed for six months or longer. Boston Fed President Eric Rosengren in a speech Thursday said officials should look at broader measures of "underutilization" in labor markets that are historically high, such as the Labor Department's "U-6" rate – which includes people working part-time for economic reasons as well as discouraged workers who've stopped looking for work but would still like a job. If Ms. Yellen points to the same kinds of indicators, it will show she has similar concerns.
The fate of the 6.5% threshold? The tumbling unemployment rate presents a communications challenge for the Fed. Since December 2012, the central bank has said it won't consider raising short-term rates from near zero until the jobless rate reaches 6.5%. As that threshold approaches, officials have begun to point to other indicators of slack in the labor market to justify their plans to keep rates low "well past" the time the jobless rate hits 6.5%. It's unclear what the Fed will say about the 6.5% threshold once it's crossed. Ms. Yellen may not want to say much more about the matter because it's under internal debate. But listen for what she doesn't say: Some officials want the Fed to move the threshold lower, say to 6%, but so far most policy makers haven't embraced the idea. If she doesn't mention that possibility, it suggests she's not such a big fan, either.
What about the emerging markets? The Fed didn't make a peep about the turmoil rocking emerging markets in its January policy statement, but they're definitely paying attention. Ms. Yellen is unlikely to signal that trouble abroad will sway the Fed's plans. There is scant evidence so far that the financial problems in countries such as India, South Africa and Turkey will impact the U.S. economy – and the Fed's job is to care about the domestic economy. The Fed has built a new apparatus for monitoring risks to financial stability and she may discuss the channels by which emerging market woes could be transmitted here.
Expect a lot of questions about regulation. During her Senate confirmation hearing, Ms. Yellen got as many, if not more, questions about the Fed's regulatory powers than she did about the economy and monetary policy. This week, lawmakers on both panels are likely to grill her on whether the Fed and other regulators need to do more to ensure big U.S. banks won't need taxpayer bailouts the next time financial trouble strikes. She's also likely to be pressed on how the Fed and four other regulators in charge of the so-called Volcker rule plan to enforce it in a coordinated manner. Lawmakers from both parties have raised concerns that the complex measure to prevent banks from engaging in certain trading activities will be applied unevenly by different regulators.


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TRUCKEE, Calif. - In the past few days, there has been increased bear activity in the Glenshire area in Eastern Truckee around The Strand and Donnington Lane, Truckee Police officials said in a web release Wednesday, after a bear entered an open garage on Royal Way earlier that day and later broke into a garage on Saxon Way.
"The incidents are believed to be related to the same bear, and any increased vigilance to garbage and unattended food would be greatly appreciated," officials said in the release.
Residents are encouraged to notify the Truckee Police Department with additional bear sightings or complaints.
"As always, our ultimate goal is to protect life and property while redirecting the bears to their natural habitat," officials said.


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For 18 years, Butch Darden operated one of Snowmass Village's most well-known restaurants, Butch's, at the Timberline Condominiums, serving lobsters, oysters and a range of high-quality seafood dishes.
But before and after those restaurant years in Snowmass, Butch also has operated a chimney sweep business.
Butch moved to the Roaring Fork Valley in 1975 from Massachusetts. A buddy was going to the School of the Mines in Golden and invited Butch out for a visit. They headed up to Aspen for the weekend, where he ran into another friend who was working in a sporting goods store, something Butch was familiar with because his father ran a sporting goods store back home.
Butch took one look around Aspen in 1975 and thought it was a fun place to be for a single guy. He worked a number of jobs, but in 1978 he saw an ad in the "Mother Earth" catalogue for chimney cleaning equipment, and Butch bought a package.
His first job was at The Gant in Aspen where he was a bellman. His chimney cleaning training consisted of unpacking all of the tools from cleaning package and unfolding and reading the directions. Within minutes, Butch was a chimney sweep.
Old movies and television shows have given us the idea that chimney sweeps are skinny little boys who climb down the flue of the chimney and brush away the soot.
Butch laughs.
"No, we don't climb inside the flues," explained Butch. "The large, old chimneys in England had flues that were large enough for a small person to climb down, but not the ones we work on. In fact, someone tried to break in Carl's years ago by climbing down a chimney and they got stuck."
Instead of climbing into the flue, modern chimney sweeps use steel brushes that are attached to long, flexible, fiber glass rods.
When you sweep or clean a chimney you are trying to remove the black build-up on the inside of the brick called creosote. You remove the creosote because it is flamable and can catch on fire. Creosote is oil in the wood. When the wood burns it's like water, and it evaporates like steam and rises. When it cools it solidifies on the brick walls of the chimney flue and has to be removed. The tallest chimney Butch currently cleans is about 50 feet.
How often you need to have your chimney swept depends upon how often you use your fireplace or wood stove. A lot of condominium complexes clean them once a year. Butch's rule of thumb is that a fireplace or wood stove should be swept after each chord of wood, especially if you depend on your fireplace to heat your home.
In addition to cleaning the flue, Butch also cleans out the bottom of the fireplace, or box. And over the years, Butch has acquired additional cleaning equipment. For some fireplaces, he cleans from the bottom, using flexible fiber glass rods with an attachment on the end that looks like a weed eater. He pushes the rods up the chimney, hooks on to the drill, and the spinning action knocks the creosote off the walls. Some chimneys take up to a couple of hours to clean.
Butch finds that old-fashioned fireplaces are the most complicated. In addition to the firebox on the bottom, there is a wall damper, smoke shelf, smoke chamber and the flue. The smoke shelf prevents wind from whipping down the chimney and sending hot embers into your living room.
Wood stoves also have to be cleaned. Fire smolders and burns cooler in a wood stove when you use a damper, and this creates creosote when it solidifies.
Butch does do some private houses, but mostly his clients in Snowmass, Aspen and the rest of the Roaring Fork Valley are condominiums. He does most of his chimney work in the summer and fall months, instead of winter when it is icy and snowy on those tall condominium roofs.
He doesn't believe he will ever have another restaurant, but he still likes to cook. In the summer, he operates Butch's lobster shack in a portable "shack" trailer in Basalt next to the Phillips service station.
He is married to Shari Darden and they have a 16-year-old daughter, Lauren. When he is not cooking or chimney cleaning, Butch likes to travel, spending time last summer in Alaska.
For more information on Butch Darden's chimney cleaning business, call 970-618-3306.
Steve Alldredge is the former associate editor/reporter for the Snowmass Sun. He now runs a local communications company whose clients include Related Colorado. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.