text:
Irving'e karşı Lipstadt
Defense Documents
David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial: Electronic Edition, by Richard J. EvansTable of Contents
|4.2 Exculpation >
|4.3 Historical method: ... >>
4.1 Admiration
4.1.1Irving presents himself in his writings and speeches as a man who has discovered the objective truth about Hitler and the Nazis, rescuing it from the myths and legends perpetrated by historians, politicians and others by refusing to believe what other historians wrote and by going back to the original sources instead. 'I saw myself as a stone-cleaner', he wrote in the Introduction to his book Hitler's War in 1977, 'less concerned with architectural appraisal than with scrubbing years of grime and discoloration from the façade of a silent and forbidding monument.' 'The biggest problem in dealing analytically with Hitler', he continued, 'is the aversion to him deliberately created by years of intense wartime propaganda and emotive postwar historiography.' Hitler, Irving argued, has been caricatured by posterity, beginning with the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, where everybody tried to shift the blame to Hitler. 'These caricatures have bedevilled the writing of modern history ever since.' Irving cultivates the image of a man who has achieved the feat of demolishing these caricatures and restoring a true picture of Hitler and Nazism by massive, indefatigable research into primary sources, and by a scrupulously critical attitude to the documents.
4.1.2 In the Preface to the first edition ofHitler's War, Irving wrote that 'this book views the situation as far as possible through Hitler's eyes, from behind his desk', a strategy which undoubtedly speaks of a strong identification with the subject and the subject's point of view.1 In a discussion on BBC1 television in 1977 he said that once Hitler had become Reich Chancellor, 'he became a statesman and then a soldier...and the Jewish problem was a nuisance to him, an embarrassment.'2 'Adolf Hitler', he wrote in 1984, 'was a man of a certain amount of intellectual honesty'.3 In 1989, Irving praised Hitler at somewhat greater length in his afterword to the German translation of a book by the French Holocaust denier Paul Rassinier arguing that Germany had been 'driven' into the Second World War by her enemies4
Adolf Hitler was a patriot - he tried from start to finish to restore the earlier unity, greatness and splendour of Germany. After he had come to power in 1933, he carried out the programme whose realisation he had promised since 1922: he restored faith in the central government; he rebuilt the German economy; he removed unemployment; he rebuilt the disarmed German armed forces, and then he used this newly-won strength to attain Germany's sovereignty once more, and he became involved in his adventure of winning living-space in the East. He had no kind of evil intentions against Britain and its Empire, quite the opposite...Hitler's foreign policy was led by the wish for secure boundaries and the necessity of an extension to the east...The forces which drove Germany into the war did not sit in Berlin.
4.1.3 These claims, it should be noted in passing, are not substantiated by Irving. The evidence examined by specialists on these subjects indicates, rather, that Hitler did not restore the German economy in any normal sense, but rapidly distorted it through his extreme prioritization of rearmament; he did have evil intentions towards the British Empire; and his 'adventure of winning living-space in the East' was a war of genocidal extermination against the Poles and other peoples who lived there, justified by an ideology of racial supremacy: there is no evidence of any kind that Germany and the Germans actually needed 'living-space' in the East. 5
4.1.4 As far as this report is concerned, however, Irving's writings quoted above would seem indeed to indicate that Irving is, as Lipstadt put it, 'an ardent admirer of Hitler'. Faced with this charge, Irving asserts in his reply to Lipstadt's defence that on pages 5 and 20 of the 1991 edition of Hitler's War, he 'makes explicit reference to the crimes committed by Hitler'.6 On looking up the 1991 version of Hitler's War, however, we find that on page 5 Irving refers to Hitler's inconsistency in, on the one hand, using the argument of military necessity to justify orders to execute hostages, massacre Italian officers who had fought against German troops in 1943, kill Red Army commissars, Allied commandos and captured Allied aircrews, and exterminate the male populations of Stalingrad and Leningrad, and, on the other, opposing the use of poison gas, the assassination of enemy leaders and the ruse of having German tanks fly Soviet flags to confuse the enemy. Hitler's 'crimes' here are carefully selected to fit in with the argument that Hitler viewed mass killing as a military necessity; other, much larger crimes, such as the deliberate murder of more than three million Soviet prisoners of war, or the mass extermination of Europe's Jews, do not get a mention, because there is no sense in which they could be justified or excused as acts of military necessity.
4.1.5 The reference to Hitler's crimes on page 20 simply repeats this list, adding Hitler's 'order for the liquidation of tens of thousands of fellow Germans (the Euthanasia Order)'. This too, if we turn to pages 227-8, is presented by Irving as a matter of military necessity:
About a quarter of a million hospital beds were required for Germany's disproportionately large insane population: of some seven or eight hundred thousand victims of insanity all told, about 10 percent were permanently institutionalized. They occupied bed space and the attention of skilled medical personnel which Hitler now urgently needed for the treatment of the casualties of his coming campaigns.
4.1.6 In a debate chaired by David Frost on BBC1 television in June, 1977, Irving, asked whether he thought Hitler was evil, replied: 'He was as evil as Churchill, as evil as Roosevelt, as evil as Truman.'7
4.1.7 Irving goes on in the 1977 edition of Hitler's War to explain how 'the National Socialists had instituted a program of racial hygiene' on coming to power in 1933, identifying 20 per cent of the German population as suffering from hereditary biological defects. 'The economic burden represented by these specimens was explained, and particularly repulsive samples were housed at the institutions as walking laboratory exhibits.' According to Irving, Hitler's initial involvement was in sanctioning 'mercy killing' of 'patients in intolerable pain' and 'deformed newborn babies'. This quickly led, he suggests, to 'the programmed elimination of the burdensome tens of thousands of insane' which Hitler saw as a necessary part of the war effort. Nowhere does Irving explain that the killing of such people was not in fact merciful; that Hitler had long intended to rid the country of the eugenically unfit and had deliberately waited until the circumstances of war allowed him, as he thought, to do so; that 'repulsive samples', or in other words handicapped human beings, only appeared so because of the way they were presented in Nazi propaganda films; or that humans and civilized societies do not regard those of their members who are disadvantaged in this way as economic burdens.8
4.1.8Hitler, in Irving's eyes, was a 'dictator by consent', to quote the title of one of the early chapters of the 1991 edition of Hitler's War, a man who ended 'the cancerous symptoms of industrial unrest' and replaced unions with the 'German Labor Front, the DAF...the biggest trade union in the world, and one of the most successful.' The labour force according to Irving was his 'power base'.9 He 'saw the random bickering of the newspapers of the democracies as an inexcusable frittering away of a vital national resource'.10 Irving defended the 'night of the long knives' in June 1934, when Hitler personally ordered the murder of some 90 of his former associates, above all in the leadership of the SA (Sturmabteilung, the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party).
4.1.9Most historians have seen this as a shocking violation of moral and legal norms, in which Hitler not only brought retrospectively trumped-up charges against the SA leaders of plotting a coup, but also used the opportunity to bump off politicians, such as former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and retired Bavarian politician Gustav von Kahr, who he felt knew too much about his past, or whom he simply strongly disliked, and against whom no conceivable political suspicions could be directed in 1934.11 According to Irving, however, 'the SA was planning to overthrow Hitler's government'.12 'In an act of rare magnanimity', he went on, neglecting to mention that in personally marking crosses against the names of scores of people in the night in question, Hitler had not shown much magnanimity at all, 'Hitler ordered state pensions provided for the next of kin of the people murdered in the Night of the Long Knives, as June 30, 1934 came to be known. Even so he began to suffer nightmares and could not sleep.'13 Rather than a brutal murderer, Hitler, according to Irving, was a 'friend of the arts, benefactor of the impoverished, defender of the innocent, persecutor of the delinquent' (the arbitrariness and injustice with which the supposedly 'delinquent' were persecuted is another subject Irving neglects to discuss).14
4.1.10Irving's position on all these issues is undoubtedy highly favourable to Hitler. Reviewers of his work have frequently commented on this. Gordon A. Craig - a customarily generous reviewer - pointed out that15 Thus, Craig concluded, Irving's identification with Hitler led to a substantial distortion of the historical record by omitting other, more critical perspectives on the Nazi leader's conduct.
The Hitler who emerged from his version of the past was a far different one than was to be found in earlier works - less brutal and ruthless, more human, and deserving of sympathy, since he was always being let down by others. This result was achieved, however, not by the presentation of new evidence but rather by means of the technique employed by the author. In his introduction, Irving wrote that his book "view(ed) the situation as far as possible through Hitler's eyes, from behind his desk", and this method...meant that, when judgments were made, they were Hitler's own judgments and that they were uncontested. Thus, Mr. Irving, who did not hesitate to use formulations like "Hitler was cheated of the ultimate winter victory", accepted the Führer's attribution of all military setbacks to the incompetence or disloyalty of the General Staff and the commanding generals, without making any appraisal of Hitler's own deficiencies as a commander.
4.1.11 Reviewing Hitler's War in 1977, Hugh Trevor-Roper found a 'consistent bias' in favour of Hitler and against his opponents. This was, he thought, in part the consequence of Irving's decision to describe the war from the point of view of Hitler and his court. but it went further than this. Given the nature of the sources, which reflected the standards and assumptions of the court, it was inevitable that Hitler's view should prevail in Irving's book. By contrast, the case for Hitler's opponents went by default. But:'Mr. Irving's sympathies', Trevor-Roper concluded, 'can hardly be doubted'; and in his view they were consistently in favour of Hitler and the Nazis.16
Sometimes, by adjectival innuendo, Mr. Irving adds his own support to Hitler's verdict; sometimes it is not clear who is pronouncing judgment on these "undesirables", these "querulous generals", this "polyglot mixture of nobility and plebs. Some people always come out badly: Canaris is always a "slimy" or "slippery" defeatist, one of the "worms" who turn and are naturally destroyed. Winston Churchill is never mentioned except to be dismissed: either in Hitler's terms - "drunkard", "cretin", "paralytic", "nincompoop" - or, by Mr. Irving, with more refined distaste. On the other hand, Hitler's popularity and radiating charm is constantly stressed: no man, we are told, possessed "the affection of the German people" as completely as he did, in the summer of 1944, just before the attempt to assassinate him.
4.1.12 The journalist Robert Harris, in his meticulous account of the 'Hitler diaries' affair, concurred in this judgment. Harris's description of Hitler's War went further than Craig's or Trevor-Roper's in pointing to the identification of the author with his subject:
Irving's aim was to rewrite the history of the war "as far as possible through Hitler's eyes, from behind his desk". This made for a gripping book, but one which was, by its nature, unbalanced. However "objectively" he might piece together the unpublished recollections of Hitler's subordinates, they were still the words of men and women who admired their ruler. And confined to Hitler's daily routine, the biography had a curiously unreal quality: the death camps, the atrocities, the sufferings of millions of people which were the result of Hitler's war were not to be found in Hitler's War as it was reconstructed by David Irving.
4.1.13 Interviewing Irving about the ''Hitler diaries', Harris noted, perhaps a little mischievously, some even more alarming aspects of the identification of author and subject than were readily apparent from the book:
Irving admitted that in writing Hitler's War he had "identified" with the Führer. Looking down upon him as he worked, from the wall above his desk, was a self-portrait of Hitler..."I don't drink", he would say, 'Adolf didn't drink you know."... He shared Hitler's view of women, believing that they were put on the earth in order to procreate and provide men with something to look at: "They haven't got the physical capacity for producing something creative,"...In 1981, at the age of forty-one, he had founded his own right-wing political group, built around his own belief in his "destiny" as a future British leader. With his black hair slanting across his forehead, and a dark cleft, shadowed like a moustache between the bottom of his nose and the top of his upper lip, there were times, in the right light, when Irving looked alarmingly like the subject of his notorious biography.
4.1.14Harris was perhaps indulging in a little journalistic licence here. But the fundamental point that he was making about Hitler's War was a sound one, and shared by others too. Irving's book, he noted, aimed to humanise Hitler, to make him, as the book's Introduction claimed, 'an ordinary, walking, talking human.'17
4.1.15Reviewing Hitler's War in 1979, Charles W. Sydnor Jr. found that Irving portrayed Hitler not as a monster but as 'a fair-minded statesman of considerable chivalry, who never resorted to the assassination of foreign opponents (p. xii), who never intended to harm the British Empire and genuinely wanted peace with Britain after June 1940 (pp. xv-xvi), and who attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941 only as a preventive measure.' Irving's Hitler, noted Sydnor, 'was a strategist and tactician of inspired genius, who was nearly always right', and if he became more hostile to the Jews during the war, this was only under the influence of his unsavoury associates such as Goebbels or Himmler. 'Hitler's most brutal policies, therefore, were either a response to perfidious Allied actions, or were conducted in his name, but without his knowledge, by his unscrupulous subordinates. Mr Irving's Hitler, moreover, was a man capable of genuine warmth and maudlin sentimentality.'18
4.1.16 The American historian John Lukács, reviewing Irving's work in the course of a general survey of historical writing on Hitler over the past few decades, commented in 1998 that Hitler's War was a 'partial rehabilitation of Hitler' and 'revealed for the first time (that is, to careful readers) his admiration of Hitler'.19 During his career, Lukács wrote, Irving had progressed from a young sympathizer of Germany and things German to a "rehabilitator" of Hitler and then to his indubitable admirer and partisan.'20 Similarly, the German historian Martin Broszat, writing about the 1977 edition of Hitler's War, noted that there was an obvious contradiction between Irving's self-confessed desire to look at events from behind Hitler's desk, and his claim to take an objective view of events. 'Irving', he continued, 'does not remain silent about individual actions of killing and annihilation which go back to Hitler, but portrays them in an exculpatory and often erroneous way.' He created an imaginary picture, allegedly painted by historians, of a mad Hitler, which in fact had long ceased to exist for serious researchers, as a kind of straw man against which to pit his arguments. The whole book, Broszat charged, was dominated by a perspective narrowed by partisanship in favour of Hitler.21
4.1.17 It has long been apparent to careful and knowledgeable reviewers, therefore, that Irving is an admirer of Hitler. The terms in which Irving portrays Hitler in his books, writings and speeches, as we have seen, confirm this view. Irving himself has made no secret about how he sees his role. Irving explained his role as Hitler's 'ambassador' to Ron Rosenbaum:
Every time I've written a biography, you find you become close to the character you're writing about because you're his ambassador then. You're his ambassador to the afterlife. Or to the next generation. And if you do your job conscientiously, then you bend over backward to do it ... I don't think it should lead you to adopt an unobjective position.22
4.1.18 Irving was more expansive to an audience of historians and fellow publicists in 1978, when he explained how fate had anointed him Hitler's historian:Irving therefore sees himself in the end not as a neutral, objective historian but as Hitler's representative in the world after his death, as the historian chosen, as it were, by the Führer himself.
Basically Hitler himself determined who should be his biographer. I know that since I found Hitler's ear, nose, and throat doctor in Krefeld in early 1970, the man who treated Hitler after the assassination attempt of 20 July 1944, Dr. Erwin Giesing. I called on him in his practice. He had no time at that moment and I had to wait for half an hour for him. Already in the waiting room he gave me a file to read, about 500 typed pages. Can you imagine how one feels when one reads the diary of the doctor who treated Hitler after the assassination attempt? It begins on 23 July 1944. I ask him, why are you giving this to me, Herr Dr. Giesing? He answers me, read page 387. It's about a conversation between Hitler and Giesing. The doctor writes that he had to treat Hitler for the pain in his ears. He writes, I asked the Führer if he knew that the Kaiser also once suffered from a similar ear pain. He nodded. I asked him if he had read that very good book about the Kaiser written by an Englishman, 'A Mythical Creature of our Times'. The Führer answered in the affirmative to this too. I said, actually the Kaiser came off very well. After all he was an Englishman. The Englishman managed to utilise the Kaiser's hand-written papers. Hitler said, Herr Doctor Giesing, for two years now I too have also gone over to allowing protocols of my discussions to be taken down. Perhaps an Englishman will also come one day who wants to write an objective biography of me. It has to be an Englishman of the next generation. Because a representative of the present generation cannot write the truth about me and certainly won't want to either. It has to be an Englishman who knows the archives and who has mastered the German language. And that is why you are getting the diaries Mr Irving, the doctor said.23
4.1.19 In a very real sense, indeed, he evidently conceives of himself as carrying on Hitler's legacy. Speaking to an audience in Calgary, Canada, in 1991, he revealed that he had once been described as a 'self-confessed moderate fascist', and added: 'I strongly object to that word "moderate".'24 In an interview for the television programme This Week, in 1991, Irving said: 'I think Adolf Hitler made a lot of mistakes. He surrounded himself with people of very very poor quality. He was a rotten judge of character. These are the mistakes that you have to avoid replicating.'25 'You' in this context clearly referred to Irving himself.
4.1.20 And whatever mistakes he thought Hitler had made, there is no doubt that basically Irving's attitude towards him was one of admiration. At a press conference in Brisbane in 1986, a journalist asked him: 'Do you admire Hitler?' Irving replied:
Erm, yeah, certain aspects. What a tricky question; you see now, I thought I had you. You're asking a question which, really, however you answer it, you're going to be in deep water, because there are certain aspects of his life that everybody admires. The fact that he had risen from nobody. You see she's writing it down. He'd risen from nobody, and he'd risen from nobody and become the admired and respected leader of two great nations, Germany and Austria. That after a very, very hard (?) and difficult fight in 1933, just five years later he got 49 million Germans to vote for him, which was 99.8 per cent of the electorate....I think that from 1938 onwards he began to go off the rails, in the moral sense. He became too big for his boots, and assumed that he was the law. And that is a very common defect.
4.1.21 This criticism was not a very serious one however. Irving failed to mention that in the 1938 vote there was massive intimidation of the electorate. Democratic societies do not produce 'yes' votes of 99.8 per cent. Moreover, Irving's own writings about Hitler's conduct during the war do not suggest that he thinks Hitler went 'off the rails'. Finally, however much Irving might seek to relativise his own admiration for Hitler by arguing that others share it, there is in fact no truth in his claim that 'everybody admires' certain aspects of Hitler's life.
4.1.22 In the same interview, another journalist put to him the following question, and got a rather less guarded answer:
Wouldn't it be fair to say that the historical perspective that we're given here in the West is that Churchill was the person to be looked up to and Hitler was the rogue. Are you saying that that situation is really quite the reverse?
Irving: Quite the reverse.26
4.1.23 Hitler, in other words, was according to Irving in 1986, a person to be looked up to, or in other words, a person to be admired. Both explicitly, in his speeches and interviews, and in a more roundabout way, in his books, Irving has consistently portrayed Hitler in positive terms which leave one in no doubt that he ardently admires him.
1. 1977 ed., p. xvi.
2. 'Book a calumny on victims of Hitler', Jewish Chronicle, 17 June 1977.
3. David Irving, 'On Contemporary History', The Journal of Historical Review, Vol. 5 (1984), p. 262.
4. David Irving, 'Nachwort', in Paul Rassinier, Die Jahrhundert-Provokation: Wie Deutschland in den Zweiten Weltkrieg getrieben wurde (Tübingen 1989), pp. 345-50, here pp. 347-8.
5. On the economy, see for example Richard Overy, War and Economy in the 'Third Reich' (Oxford, 1994); on the British Empire, see for example Klaus Hildebrand, Vom Reich zum Weltreich. Hitler, NSDAP und koloniale Frage 1919-1945 (Munich, 1960); on the war in the East, see for example Gerhard Hirschfeld (ed.), The Policies of Genocide (London, 1986).
6. Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 13.
7. 'Book a calumny on victims of Hitler', Jewish Chronicle, 17 June 1977.
8. Michael Burleigh, Death and Deliverance (Cambridge, 1994).
9. Irving, HitIer's War, (1991 ed.,pp.35-6).
10. Ibid., p. 37.
11. Norbert Frei, National Socialist Rule in Germany. The Führer State 1933-1945 (London, 193), pp. 3-27; Kershaw, Hitler pp. 512-17. Otto Gritschneider, "Der Führer hat Sie zum Tode verurteilt...' Hitlers 'Röhm-Putsch' vor Gericht (Munich, 1995), describes attempts to bring the surviving perpetrators to justice after 1945.
12. Irving, Hitler's War (1991 ed.), p.4.
13. Irving, Hitler's War (1991 ed.), p. 50.
14. Ibid., p. 109. For the Nazi persecution and eventual mass murder of the 'delinquent', see Wolfgang Ayaß, "Asoziale " im Nationalsozialismus (Stuttgart, 1995).
15. Gordon A. Craig, The Germans (London 1982), p. 72.
16. Hugh Trevor-Roper, 'Hitler: does history offer a defence?', The Sunday Times, 12 June, 1977. The same point was made in other reviews, e.g. by the Oxford historian Robert Blake in The Spectator, 18 June 1977 ('one gains the impression that in the end Mr. Irving regards Roosevelt, Churchill, Eden, Hitler, Goering, Stalin, as all much on a par, all equally capable of committing high crimes in the interests of state, none of them morally so very different from the others').
17. Robert Harris, Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries (London, 1986), pp. 188-9.
18. Charles W. Sydnor,Jr., 'The Selling of Adolf Hitler: David Irving's Hitler's War', Central European History, Vol. XII, No. 2 June, 1979), pp. 169-99, here pp. 171-2.
19. John Lukács, The Hitler of History (NewYork, 1998), p. 26.
20. Ibid., p. 229.
21. Broszat, 'Hitler und die Genesis', pp. 190-94 ('Hitler-parteiische Blickverengung' ....Irving verschweigt nicht einzelne Tötungs- und Vernichtungsaktionen, die auf Hitler zuruuckgingen, stellt sic aber entschuldigend und oft falsch dar.').
22. Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler, p. 232.
23. 'Adolf Hitler hat im Grunde selbst bestimmt, wer sein Biograph werden sollte. Daß weiß ich, seit ich Anfang 1970 in Krefeld den Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenarzt gefunden habe, der Hitler nach den Attentat vorn 20. Juli 1944 behandelt hat: Dr. Erwin Giesing. Ich habe ihn in seiner Praxis aufgesucht. Er hatte gerade keine Zeit, und ich mußte eine halbe Stunde auf ihn warten. Er gab mir abcr schon ii-1-1 Wartezimmer einen Akt zu lesen, ungefähr 500 Blatt Schreibmaschine. Das war sein Tagebuch. Können Sie sich vorstellen, wie man sich fühlt, wenn man dasTagebuch des Arztes liest, der Hitler nach dem Attentat behandelt hat? Es beginnt am 23. Juli 1944. Ich frage ihn: Wieso geben Sie mir das, Herr Dr. Giesing? Er antwortet mir: lesen Sie die Seite 387. Da geht's um ein Gespräch zwischen Hitler und Giesing. Der Arzt berichtet, daß er Hitler vegen eines Ohrenleidens zu behandeln hatte. Er schreibt: Ich fragte den Führer, ob er wisse, daß auch der Kaiser schon einmal unter einem derartigen Ohrenleiden gelitten habe. Er nickte. Ich fragte ihn, ob er das von einem Engländer geschriebene, sehr gute Buch über den Kaiser "Ein Fabeltier unserer Zeit" gelesen habe. Der Führer bejahte auch dies. lch sagte: Eigentlich ist der Kaiser sehr gut wegekommen. Immerhin war der Autor Engländer. Diesem Engländer ist es gelungen, die schriftlichen Unterlagen des Kaisers auszuwerten. Hitler sagte: Herr Doktor Giesing, seit zwei Jahren bin auch ich dazu übergangen, von meinen Besprechungen Wortprotokolle aufnehemen zu lassen. Vielleicht kommt eines Tages auch em Engländer, der über mich eine objektive Biographie schreiben will. Das muß ein Engländer der nächste Generation sein. Er kann nicht aus der heutigen Generation stammen. Denn em Vertreter der heutigen Generation kann über mich nicht die Wahrheit schreiben und will es sicherlich auch gar nicht. Es muß ein Engläander sein, der die Archive kennt und auch die deutsche Sprache beherrscht. Und deswegen, sagte der Arzt, bekommen Sic das Tagebuch, Herr Irving.' (Hitler heute, pp. 70-71). More or less the same passage can be found in Hitler's War, pp. 423-4 Guido Knopp (ed) Hilter Heute: Gesprach über ein deutsches Trauma (Aschaffenburg 1979), pp. 70-71.
24. Videotape 189, speech at Calgary, 29 September 1991.
25. Videotape 226, unedited material from This Week< 28 November 1991, at 1 hour 36 mins. 40 secs..
26. Third Suplemental Discovery List, Audiotape 88, Press Conference in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 20 March 1986, side 2, 224-249, and side 1, 324-330.
|4.2 Exculpation >
|4.3 Historical method: ... >>


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1982-10-15 Char-Koosta News
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SaXish-Kootenai CoMty College Bye-bye buffalo 1020 Ronan, HT 59864 PABLO, MONTANA 59855 ISSN: 0528-8592 The Tribal Council voted October 12 to put the Tribal buffalo herd up for sale by sealed bid Further details about the selling process weren't developed by our press deadline. The motion to liquidate the herd was a follow-up action to a buffalo committee decision made September 23. Committee member Denny Dumont (Tribal Fish and Game chief) made a motion to auction the animals by sealed bid, after (Continued on page 4) NEWSPAPER OF THE SAUSH. PEND d'OREJLLE AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION, WESTERN MONTANA VOL. 11, NO. 11 MOON OF THE HALF SUMMER — HALF AUTUMN OCT. 15, 1982 What went on at the quarterly . . . Council says 'no' to corporation and liquor store Art Barber - Tribal member, BIA employee (Washington state), and Council critic-at-large ~ this summer promised to fill the chambers with interested citizens at October's quarterly meeting. He said he'd present a plan that would all-but guarantee steady income to the Tribes in the future. Advance publicity included letters to the editors of local weekly papers, and one daily paper. Come October 1, the Council chambers were filled (with about 100 people, by this reporter's nose count) and Barber did present his plan. He didn't, however, get the chance to prove its worth. Three councilmen refused even to read the proposal packet Put simply, Barber's plan was to set up an independent Tribal corporation charged with implementation of "planned commercial and economic development of Tribal resources Namen decision due any day Richard Baenen, Washington, D.C., attorney for the Tribes, told the Council October 5 that news about the Namen case was expected within two weeks The US. Supreme Court is supposed to announce whether or not it will grant certiorari review of the nine-year-old Flathead Lake jurisdiction case ("Certiorari", says our trusty dictionary, is a legal word meaning "a writ to call up the records of an inferior court or remove a cause there depending, that it may be tried in a superior court") The Supreme Court has decided to look at a separate circuit court decision regarding Indian water rights. See page two. District meeting October 25 The councilmen from the Arlee, Dixon, and St Ignatius districts are co-sponsoring another district meeting. It begins at 6:30 on the evening of October 25 (a Monday) in the Salish Indian Seniors center in Arlee. Dinner will be served. _ and properties". The main concept was to separate Tribal politics from Tribal business administration. The Council bought the concept (see page three) but not the plan (see page eight). Besides the corporation, Barber's plan included seven points: • Set up an education fund to provide grants or low-interest loans. The fund would be supported by tax-deductable donations. •All Tribal programs would work under separate plans of operation, designed to ensure equal treatment of all Tribal citizens. • Streamline the government: "Do we need 10 councilmen, or could we get by with 5?" Streamlining Tribal operations could save 25 to 50 percent the first year, Barber asserts. • Build a retirement community for Tribal members. •A rule would be adopted that all future land acquisitions be based on a "proven method of the land paying for itself over a designated term". •A plan would be developed whereby Tribal members could acquire fee property in trust "with the stipulation that the land will remain in perpetual Tribal ownership, with life estates" being granted • Change enrollment rules to allow "full brothers and sisters" to be in the book with their enrolled siblings. Also, a second class of Tribal members would include descendants of people on the regular rolls. This other class would have all rights except the right to a per capita, to hold government office, or vote in Tribal elections. The 15-page proposal (two sections) was debated for three hours before councilman Jim Steele made a motion to form a committee that would look into the idea of separation of powers. Concerns leading to the proposal's defeat included Barber's involvement with the Tribal bowling alleys (Barber helped get grant money to build them, but the Council decided where to put them, Barber said, and it was that decision that led to their lack of success) and Barber's request to be hired to oversee (Continued on page 2)
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|1982-10-15 Char-Koosta News
|Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation.
|Salish Indians --Newspapers.; Kutenai Indians --Newspapers.; Pablo (Montana) --Newspapers.; Kootenai Indians
|Bye-bye buffalo; Council says 'no' to corporation and liquor store; Namen decision due any day; High court to hear water jurisdiction issue; Help sought for guiding economic development; New route planned for Northern Tier; McDonald wants to serve the people; Head Start wants visitors; Tribes get BPA grant; State eyes Rez for federal powerlines; Counseling project is in its second year; The Native woman leader; INMED seeks medical school applicants; History of Louie and Therese Matt; Land claims may be lost forever; Americans know little about nutrition; Williams wants Montana as 'Olympic Gateway'; Do you know... the origin of the name 'Missoula'; Beer drinkers; Protect your papers, veterans; Another VA law change; Five generations: Combs-Matt-Bourdon family album (photographs).
|Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Nation
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|Date Digital
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|Rights Management
|Copyright (c) Salish and Kootenai Federated Tribes, all rights reserved.
|Contributing Institution
|Salish Kootenai College
|D'Arcy McNickle Library
|Vol. 11, No. 11
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'American Horror Story: Asylum,' 'The Name Game': TV Recap
This was an action-packed episode. Thredson's still loose in Briarcliff and it's not clear what the aliens want. Those who believed Mary Eunice remained inside her body were right. Jude leads "The Name Game" in a blue dress, or thinks she does. In short, for the most part, things are looking up.
In the last episode, Dr. Arden lured the aliens by temporarily stopping Kit's heart. When Kit comes to, Arden lies that the aliens didn't come, though in a flashback we hear the alien buzz and see Arden encountering an alive, pregnant Grace.
After reviving Kit, Arden treats Grace. Pepper, now articulate and intelligent, warns Arden that the aliens won't allow him to continue his experiments.
Sister Mary Eunice pushes the Monsignor, with hands and feet bandaged from the crucifixion, in a wheelchair. Finding Lee Emerson is a top priority, she says. The Monsignor remembers the Angel of Death telling him to cast out the Devil in his favorite young nun. Death told him to guard his thoughts and use the rosary, because each bead is His name. As Mary Eunice tucks him into bed, he counts his rosary beads.
In the common room, Mary Eunice installs a new jukebox, because patient G2573 smashed the recording of "Dominique," she says. She "I Put a Spell on You," by Screamin' Jay Hawkins, for Miss Judy Martin.
"That's your name?" Lana asks her. "Not anymore," Jude replies, saying she's just a number. She huffs away, and Kit enters. Serial killer Oliver Thredson walks in, looking spiffy, and goes to talk to them. Thredson remarks on how pleasant it is to sit down and be civilized, adding that he hopes Lana will pass on some of their pluck to their child. Sister Mary Eunice has offered him a full-time position at Briarcliff, he says.
During a late-night room search, Mary Eunice finds a cucumber, which she no doubt planted, in Jude's room. That's the excuse to give Jude electro-shock therapy. "I know somewhere in there you can hear me," Jude pleads with Mary Eunice. "This is wrong." Devil nun flips the switch.
Blackout, before Mary Eunice gently unwraps the Monsignor's hands. He tries to exorcise her by holding a cross to her forehead. Mary Eunice replies "good one," and recites a dirty limerick and throws him with a look on the bed. She straddles him, turning this into a YouTube clip for fetishists for years. As she puts his hand on her breast, he moans that he gave his body to Christ. She answers "what has He given to you?" When she turns her head, Dr. Arden is in the doorway, watching. I think she planned that.
Jude stumbles to the jukebox in the common room. Lana goes to her and says "It's Lana Banana," and "Do you know your name?" Jude sees "The Name Game" on the jukebox, and hallucinates herself as a swingin' singer in a blue dress and bouffant blonde hairdo. The patients, including Lana and Kit, join in. Filler, but fun.
In the woods, Mary Eunice jokes to Arden that "he didn't mean anything to me." Arden tosses meat to the mutants, then takes a gun and shoots one in the back of the head. "The experiment is over," he says, and puts the gun to his eye, but can't pull the trigger. He really is jealous, saying she has no idea what it means to have lost her. That just disgusts her.
The Monsignor apologizes to Jude for not believing her about Mary Eunice. He's sad about losing his virtue, and wonders what he should do. "Kill her," Jude replies.
Mary Eunice and Monsignor have a show down. "You're mine now, body and soul," she says. But he tells her she couldn't even defeat Sister Mary Eunice, whose purity remains alive inside. That infuriates the devil, who says she's done with him, and is about to devour the last morsel of the sweet nun's soul.
Suddenly, the real Mary Eunice cries in anguish. "I'm sorry, Monsignor. I'm tired of fighting, I want to let go." Monsignor replies that she should let go of him. When she does, Monsignor backhands her over the railing of the stairs. Mary Eunice falls hard, and the Angel of Death appears, unfurling her black wings. "Take me," Mary Eunice says. "I'll take both of you," Death replies, before kissing her on the lips. No jumping into another body for you, Satan!
Having discovered Grace giving birth, Thredson blackmails Kit into revealing where his confession tape is hidden by threatening Grace and the newborn's life. But when Thredson looks under the bathtub, he finds a children's book, and Lana, who warns him that she'll take the tape to the police if he harms Kit, or anyone else.
In the common room, Jude fuzzily tells Mother Superior that she and the Monsignor are going to Rome, to be Pope, and getting married. In a moment of lucidity Jude points out Lana and tells Mother Superior that she doesn't belong there.
Arden fondly kisses Mary Eunice's dead body on the slab leading into the crematoria, then climbs on top of her and goes in with her, screaming as the flames devour him. Did not see that coming.
Goodbye, Nazi doctor and Satan. We still have a serial killer and aliens. What will they do?


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Thank you for the many compliments to the last issue's "What's In a Name" column. Luis Fraticelli, an early booster of the column and a collector, told me I had previously written about my childrens' names in my press kit. I don't remember. I haven't checked it, but I also do not doubt it.
What I think I remember is that I haven't given much space to Mr. Hard Hands, and we do go back mucho years. Ray and I are not just hello, goodbye pals. We do have a relationship.
In the early sixties, Ray Barretto had a charanga and recorded for Riverside Records. One of his records was the novelty tune "Me Duele La Espalda Por Bailar La Pachanga..." or something like that. If I wasn't so lazy I'd call Ray again and get the exact title or go through my 45s. To make up for my laziness, I will give you at no charge a piece of trivia. It was a black label. The colornot the ownership or the type of music. Which reminds me of Kako...not, again, because of color but because, for one thing, Kako used to analyze situations in at least three ways where most people see only two sides to things, and, two, one night Ray, Kako and I spent a Friday night till early dawn listening and reviewing Ray's LP Latino with Chombo and El Negro Vivar. Without sleeping at all, I drove them home and went and opened up Casalegre Record Shop the next morning.
Shortly after, I decided not to sign Ray to Alegre because I already had the charangas of Charlie Palmieri and Johnny Pacheco. In turn, Ray turned down my suggestion to change his instrumentation. It appears that he made the right decision because in 1964, with his charanga instrumentation, he recorded "Watusi" for Tico Records and sold nearly a half million records.
In 1967 Ray was not planning to re-sign with Tico and was now going to change his instrumentation to that of a conjunto. We spoke of possibly signing Ray with Musicor where I was staff producer of Latin product. It did not materialize because, again, he made the right decision and signed with Fania whereas a year later I left Musicor. I cannot forget the first time I heard Ray's two trumpet conjunto. Roberto Rodriguez and Rene Lopez (not the producer) were mostly improvising due to lack of arrangements at that time. Wow! The trumpets were fantastic, soloing at the same time with exciting interweaving lines of improvised gems.
Eventually, Ray had one of the tightest, biting, brightest three trumpet section conjuntos ever. That Ray had played with Tito Puente's three trumpet conjunto did not hurt. Ray has ideas, plays conga extremely well, and has great taste in personnel and arrangers....Gil Lopez, Eddie Martinez, Luis Cruz and Sonny Bravo come quickly to mind. Little Ray, Adalberto, Orestes and Dandy were no slouches either. The Barretto Fania years produced classics including Together, Hard Hands, Quitate La Mascara, Indestructible, Que Viva La Musica and, my favorite, The Other Road.
In the early 70s, mutiny was in its planning stages. Most of Ray's guys were going to leave en masse and form Tipica '73. My buddies, Dandy and Sonny Bravo, were the ringleaders. Dandy spoke to me and I was very seriously thinking of signing them. I didn't.
Tipica '73 made some noise for a few years. Dandy and Sonny have now been with Tito Puente for about twenty years.
Two more items. I remember that over the years Ray used to give me the courtesy of listening to his test pressings. After I sold Casalegre in 1975, we got out of the habit. The habit that we continued was that when Ray could not locate an old record he wanted to revive, he would call me. In fact, I got Ray the lead sheet of "Taboo," which he somehow knew I owned, for one of his CDs.
It might be difficult to believe, but I wrote this column because I had to have a reason to quote my favorite conversationalist. Ray recently told me, "You know, you know what you know...you know?" Now that's a philosophy...you know?


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- Jul 2:
- Santa Clara County same-sex couples celebrate marriages on Monday
- Jun 30:
- San Francisco Pride Parade: Downtown packed as marchers make their way up Market Street
- Gay marriage: Justice Kennedy denies request to stop California weddings
- San Francisco: Gay Pride parade turns into celebration on an epic scale
- Gay marriage opponents ask Supreme Court to halt same-sex weddings
- Jun 29:
- Supreme Court rulings on same-sex unions place spotlight on the weathered institution of marriage
- Same-sex couples marry at San Francisco City Hall as city celebrates Pride weekend
- Jun 28:
- Prop. 8 stay lifted, same-sex weddings can resume immediately
- San Francisco: Huge crowds expected for this weekend's gay pride parade, festivities
- Jun 27:
- July 28 Readers' letters: The Supreme Court rulings on gay marriage
- Prop. 8 case was once seen as a Supreme Court long shot
- Jun 26:
- Same-sex marriage: Evening rallies unleash jubilation after court rulings
- Gay marriage: Proposition 8 appears doomed in California after Supreme Court ruling
- Cassidy: Twitter moved us toward the Supreme Court's DOMA and Proposition 8 rulings on same-sex marriage
- Prop. 8 ruling: Bay Area marriage license officials eager to serve same-sex couples
- Gay marriage: How TV helped nudge society on the issue
- Biz Break: Google, Apple celebrate Supreme Court's same-sex marriage rulings, markets rise again
- Prop. 8, DOMA: Q-and-A
- Bay Area lawmakers' reactions to marriage rulings
- Timeline: Key dates in the American gay rights movement
- Bay Area rallies planned for DOMA, Prop. 8 decisions
- Prop. 8: Supreme Court ends California ban on gay marriage but fight remains
- Obama on DOMA: 'Supreme Court has righted a wrong'
- Mercury News editorial: Prop. 8, DOMA fall; it is a great day
- Document: California Attorney General Kamala Harris addresses marriage licenses
- Document: U.S. Supreme Court ruling on DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act
- Raw Video: Prop 8 Supreme Court decision reactions
- Document: U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Proposition 8 and gay marriage
- Prop. 8 and DOMA: Bay Area greets gay marriage rulings with joy
SAN FRANCISCO -- Wearing wedding gowns and waving rainbow flags, they gathered by the hundreds early Wednesday morning at City Hall, where the corridors echoed with joy in 2004 as thousands of same-sex couples tied the knot -- only to see their vows squashed by the state's highest court.
Nervous silence turned to wild cheers as the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the federal Defense of Marriage Act and all but voided Proposition 8, which has banned same-sex marriage in California for more than four years.
"How did we get so lucky to be born at the time we get the same rights as everybody else?" marveled San Francisco resident Jenni Chang, 31, in the same wedding dress she wore just weeks ago in a ceremony not sanctioned by the state. "We won't be discriminated against anymore," said her beaming partner, Lisa Dazols, 34.
But as gay-marriage advocates celebrated from the high court's steps in Washington, D.C., to San Francisco's gay Castro District, advocates in other states had a more muted reaction, knowing Wednesday's rulings are only another signpost in their journey.
Because the justices dealt with Proposition 8 only as a matter of the proponents' legal standing and not on the measure's constitutionality, it won't affect nearly three dozen other states' same-sex marriage bans.
But for President Barack Obama, the demise of DOMA -- which denied federal benefits to legally married gay couples -- appeared to be the more significant decision.
"We are a people who declared that we are all created equal -- and the love we commit to one another must be equal as well," Obama said.
Conservatives, however, roundly condemned the court's rulings. "The Supreme Court, though they may think so, have not risen to the level of God," said Rep. Michele Bachmann, R-Minnesota.
Michael Wald, a Stanford Law School professor emeritus, said the DOMA ruling might lay the groundwork for future challenges to gay-marriage bans. He predicted courts will see more lawsuits brought by same-sex couples who marry in one state but then move to another and demand recognition there. He said the DOMA ruling's affirmation of equal-protection rights might bolster those couples' arguments that states with same-sex marriage bans must recognize their bonds.
He and other legal experts predict that gay-marriage activists might still find legislatures and ballot measures to be better bets for gaining ground -- particularly in states like California where there's the strongest possibility of winning.
Although 52 percent of California voters approved Proposition 8 in 2008, recent polls show a sizable majority now approve of same-sex marriage, reflecting a rising tide of support across the country that has left gay-marriage advocates ecstatic.
Among them is Enrique Chavez, of Alameda, who after the Supreme Court rulings Wednesday morning waved his giant American flag on a hot pink pole, eliciting honks from passing cars while yelling, "We got it!"
Asked why he brought the flag, he replied: "I get to believe in my country again."
For Leo Gkimisis, who originally is from Greece and has lived in San Francisco for five years, the rulings mean new possibilities for many of his friends: binational gay couples who have had to live in separate countries because their marriages are not legally recognized in the U.S.
"Many people have to decide whether to move away with their loved ones or live here and pay the consequences," said Gkimisis, who has seen at least three couples torn apart by various visa and green-card issues.
In Walnut Creek, gay-marriage supporters stood atop the Treat Boulevard overpass at Interstate 680 during the morning commute, waving rainbow and American flags as cars and trucks honked their horns in support.
Will McGarvey, 45, of Benicia, said it's all about religious freedom.
"I know a lot of folks use a religious rationale for withholding gay marriage," said McGarvey, pastor of Pittsburg's Community Presbyterian Church. But "we live in a democratic republic with the division of church and state."
McGarvey -- who has 11 gay couples in his congregation and is ready to officiate weddings for three of them, including his sister-in-law and her partner -- wished the ruling would have gone even further: "I wish the Supreme Court would go further to ban discrimination in every state."
Not everyone in the Bay Area shared that view.
Yogi Jorgensen, of Menlo Park, said the court's action "doesn't bother me, to each his own," but then added that he believes marriage should be between a man and a woman. "I'm old school. I don't see why they just can't have a legal term for togetherness. But I certainly don't want a couple not to be together."
In downtown Palo Alto, construction worker Mario Rodriguez, 62, said through a translator that he believes "matrimony should be between a man and a woman for the stability of society and for the sake of children."
State Sen. Jim Nielsen, R-Gerber, spoke for many same-sex marriage opponents Wednesday in calling the court's Proposition 8 ruling "disappointing."
"The political elite, who did not agree with the election results, refused to defend the people's vote," he said. "It calls into question the very nature of the people's right to bypass the political system and directly assert their will using the democratic process."
Staff writers Matthias Gafni, Thomas Peele, Mark Emmons and Bonnie Eslinger contributed to this report. Contact Josh Richman at 510-208-6428. Follow him at Twitter.com/josh_richman. Read the Political Blotter at IBAbuzz.com/politics.


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Why work for Stokke?
Stokke ® is focused on long term growth and building its brand.
Based in Norway with offices in Europe, US and Asia, we can also offer
a truly international work experience.
You will be a part of a company that create smart and sustainable premium products, that through bonding between child and parent stimulate the child's development. Stokke offers you a great career opportunity within the organization.
Come work with passionate, smart and focused colleagues across the world. Stokke is an advocate for ethical trade practices and ensures that our business connections take part in a joint responsibility. If you want to commit to create high quality products, designed for children and generations to come, we want you uo be a part of our team!
Our culture and work environment
At Stokke you will work with people who are:
Genuine / Passionate / Smart / Focused
Our employees are key to maintaining and nourishing a sustainable market differentiation, and we are all instrumental in supporting the strategic objectives of the company. We strive to be an open and transparent environment where all employees, regardless of level and title, can participate in continuous improvements.
Our employees are dedicated to creating innovative and functional solutions for children. We always ensure that our actions and accomplishments, regardless of discipline, are in the best interest for the child, and we never compromise on safety. The organization consistently focuses on optimizing the brand value for all parties; for our customers, suppliers and retailers - and also for our employees.
Who are we?
Marketing & innovation
The brand department is the owner of our brand platform and strategic brand communication. They develop consumer communication across all channels.
Category management is split in two areas; @Move and @ Home. They are responsible for our category strategies and Stokke's overall portfolio management.
Digital is responsible for all digital channels to our end consumers – Stokke.com, social media and CRM. They are responsible for our ecommerce business.
The Innovation&design department is responsible for all innovations – new concepts and on our existing portfolio. They are the owner of our overall design values.
Product Development and Operations
Commercial, Sales & Support
With the support of 6 country/regional Sales Service and Marketing offices, we believe in local presence and hands-on focus of the local sales teams. We have more than 4,000 points of sales in over 80 countries.
We are primarily operating direct-to-retail distribution, where we aim at creating true Stokke brand experience. Our focus is on quality rather than quantity.
Supply Chain & Quality
Purchasing team monitors the purchasing processes in the company. The team is working both strategic and operational focusing on the negotiating process, indirect purchasing and cross functional cost/quality improvement projects.
Operations wood team is responsible for sourcing, operations and manufacturing of the wooden products. The team is focusing on an efficient and flexible manufacturing set-up to optimize purchase prices, product quality and ensure production capacity needed.
The QA/QC and Regulatory Affairs team follows up that our products are in compliance with Stokke standard of quality and safety, and with regulatory requirements in key markets. They are also in charge of Stokke's CSR program and the Product Safety Risk Management processes. A Quality Management System (QMS) is implemented to ensure quality of processes and products.
Finance & ICT
The ICT department is responsible for offering a stable, secure, efficient and available portfolio of systems, equipment and communication solutions to support the organizations business processes. Stokke ICT provides a centralized ICT infrastructure globally, and a 24/7 operations and support function.
The Finance, Accounting and Credit Control departments are responsible for the payroll and accounting function, and for preparing the financial reporting for the company which is in compliance with Norwegian and International accounting principles. Furthermore, the Finance departments are responsible for reducing the financial exposure in the company, preparing management and BoD reporting, budgeting and forecasting as well as support of decision makers with financial information and analysis.
Legal & HR
Human Resources (HR) is responsible for developing and implementing activities and routines that shall support the overall achievement of the company's strategy. HR is further responsible for a range of activities within different areas such as recruiting and onboarding, performance management and people development, policies and guidelines. The HR strategy aligns with the overall Stokke strategy, and defines the key priorities and HR activities delivered to the organization.
Meet some of our employees
Alf Vegard Fjelland
Design Engineer
Oslo, Norway
What is your area of responsibility?
Product management, design and engineering of new products.
What do you enjoy about working at Stokke?
I enjoy the company of good colleagues and being able to develop products which can be seen all over the globe.
Why do people join Stokke?
To take part in our brand and the company's willingness to innovate.
How has being employed in a global company, like Stokke, changed the way you work or think?
It has enabled me to visit and collaborate with different cultures. Having two children of my own, I don't switch of my creativity regarding new and innovative products when leaving the office. My home is like a constant field study!
What is the most creative part of your job?
The merging of form and function.
Ivy Cheung
Marketing Manager
Hong Kong and Singapore
What is your area of responsibility?
I'm based in Hong Kong, working as the Marketing Manager for Hong Kong and Singapore. My responsibilities include
developing marketing strategies and programs, in order to build a distinctive image for Stokke in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. I am also leading celebrity marketing in Hong Kong, Taiwan and other SEA markets.
What do you enjoy about working at Stokke?
For decades, we have introduced the market to myriad pioneering designs. The innovations and our brand image are what I love about Stokke. To market a brand and products that one loves and believes in, there is nothing more enjoyable than this to a marketer. Stokke's excellent spirit delights me and is visible in the brand values; Genuine, Passionate, Smart and Focused.
Why do people join Stokke?
People who join Stokke are passionate to work for a global, truly multicultural company in a happy industry. Our company culture, reputation, designs and unique concepts form the huge force that always attracts talents to Stokke. It is challenging and delightful to work with people from so many different cultural backgrounds.
How has being employed in a global company, like Stokke, changed the way you work or think?
The daily interactions with colleagues across the globe broaden my depth and breadth of thinking. I have learnt to tackle issues from a broader scope of perspectives. Plus, I appreciate more possibilities of life from our colleagues around the globe. I have learnt so much from the wisdom of my colleagues, who are eager to share their experience and passion.
What is the most creative part of your job?
Global thinking - it is the most creative part when working on diverse marketing strategies for different countries. For instance, dragon represents power, immortality and fortune in Asia, whilst people in the West associate it with devil, enemy and coldness. For variances as such, I have to put aside my values, beliefs and 'common sense' because I am at a regional position. Disparities between different markets require a creative mindset to attain a consistent set of global marketing objectives. Flexibility to fulfil varied market needs and characters is crucial to the success of a marketing campaign.
Emily Wilson
Area Sales Manager
California, USA
What is your area of responsibility?
Area Sales Manager for the US and Canadian market. I work out of my home, which is located in Southern California.
My current focus is on developing the premium department store channel for Stokke in the US market.
Why did you choose to work for Stokke?
I was immediately drawn to the design of the products and the unique concepts. I knew I had come across a really special opportunity. In the sales world, having a special and truly unique product to sell, is like finding gold. Every employee on our team carries more than their own weight, and really has the opportunity to make a real difference in our business. I also came to Stokke because I love having co-workers from all over the world and getting to be part of a truly international company culture.
What is the most fulfilling part of your job?
As a mother, I am a whole-hearted advocate of Stokke products both on and off the clock, which is the most fulfilling part of my job. I am extremely passionate about how Stokke products have helped enhance the amount of bonding time that I have had with my own daughter over the past 3 years. Therefore, I am passionate about wanting other parents in the US to be able to experience the joys of using our products with their own children and it is easy to stay focused on selling when helping other parents and children is at stake. While I work hard and travel a lot, I have the flexibility and support system at Stokke that is needed to be able to maintain a healthy work-life balance.
Daniel Morote-Bernal
Customer Service Team Leader
Sindelfingen, Germany
What is your area of responsibility?
Customer Service Team Leader for Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium and Luxemburg.
Why did you choose to work for Stokke?
Working in an international environment with high range products is what I found very interesting, and is why I decided to work for Stokke.
What is the most fulfilling part of your job?
To supply a good service to customers, retailers and our Sales Team. I like to help my team members develop high standard service, providing them with the correct tools to perform a good job.
What does a typical day at work look like for you?
Most of the time I am in contact with other departments, other teams and of course my team, in order to contribute to the correct flow of information in all directions. I am looking after my team members and their daily routines, trying to simplify and improve the processes they have to deal with.
How would you describe future career opportunities in Stokke?
Stokke is a growing company with a wide variety of products that is present in the most important markets. This is without any doubt a very interesting company, for those who want to work in an international environment. Stokke is also adapting to the current times and we see an interest from the company in providing the staff with benefits and flexibility.
Michelle Reddyhoff
Account Manager
What is your area of responsibility?
I am an Account Manager for London, Scotland and currently maternity cover for Ireland. I also organize the Baby Shows
that take place across the UK throughout the year.
Why did you join Stokke?
I joined Stokke in January 2013. I was looking for something new. Working with Stokke offered a lot of opportunities and has opened many new doors for me.
What is the most rewarding aspect of your work at Stokke?
As your relationships develop with accounts it is extremely rewarding to see the growth and development within the joint business. It is also extremely rewarding to work alongside such a passionate and career driven team.
What qualifications do you think are important for enjoying working for Stokke?
People skills are the key. Learning how to manage different types of personalities in different circumstances will make all the difference to the final results.
How do you hope to grow and develop in your current role?
My previous experience is not in Account Management. I am still learning every day. My focus now is to continue to develop as an Account Manager and carry on growing with Stokke.
Rock Wu
Account Manager
Shanghai, China
What is your area of responsibility?
I am a key account for one of our biggest clients, and I am also responsible for the stores
in East China through merchandising, product training and sales training.
Why did you choose to work for Stokke?
Stokke has a very good reputation in the baby industry, not only because of the high quality products, but since it also is a well-known global company with good infrastructure. I wanted to contribute in such an outstanding company that cares not only about the customer' needs, but also about people. I believe with my capability, I can help build Stokke business in China successfully.
What qualifications do you think are important for enjoying working for Stokke?
There are three things that are important to enjoy working for Stokke: easy going personality, commitment to work and to be a good team player.
How do you hope to grow and develop in your current role?
I want to be more familiar with the Stokke way of working, and take usage of internal resources, such as sales tools and core programs, up to a higher level. I believe the valuable sales tools developed by Stokke can help me analyze and grow my everyday work life systematically.
Who are we looking for?
Depending on the position, different qualities and qualifications will be emphasized. In general, Stokke is looking for candidates that:
- Take responsibility
- Can identify themselves with our brand values:Genuine, Passionate, Smart and Focused
- Enjoys working in an international workplace that is rapidly changing
- Hold a degree in higher education


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Prosecutor to drop charges in Ind. deer rescue
Thousands have protested case against couple
An Indiana prosecutor says he has submitted a motion to dismiss the illegal possession charges against a couple who nursed an injured white-tailed deer back to health and kept it on their farm for two years.
Decatur County Chief Deputy Prosecutor Douglas Brown said in an interview with The Associated Press on Thursday that he had faxed to the court a request to dismiss the charges against Connersville police officer Jeff Counceller and his wife, Jennifer, and mailed a copy to the couple.
Jeff Counceller said he was pleased with the decision, saying it's the best outcome.
Brown says the state Department of Natural Resources' request to have the charges dropped played a significant role in the decision.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Finding the best Bay Area beach for youJuly 24, 2014 Updated: July 28, 2014 1:08pm
Photo: Dana Edwards, Special To The Chronicle
Looking to hit the beach this summer? Don't let the fog stop you. That "coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco" nonsense is hyperbolic (and, incidentally, misattributed to Mark Twain).
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Leon Hiebert was pastor of Andover Assembly of God (Generations Church A/G) from 1989 to 2009. He is a Viet Nam veteran who spent 10 years in the US Navy most of the time as a corpsman serving with the Marine Corps. A native of Belleville, Kan., Hiebert is semi retired and lives in Andover with his wife, Sharon. He is a school bus driver for USD 385, Andover, Kansas.
Scripture: Luke 22: 8 Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, "Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover."
9 "Where do you want us to prepare for it?" they asked.
Luke 22:12 He will show you a large upper room, all furnished. Make preparations there."
13 They left and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.
Observation: Peter and John were sent with an assignment. They were to make preparations for the Passover meal. It was at this meal the Lord commanded us to eat the bread and drink the cup in memory of the sacrifice he was about to make. God had been carefully making preparations for Jesus death since the prophecy given to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.
Application: Very few things in life are done with a spur-of-the-moment decision. Even those opportunities are made possible because one has prepared to be ready. Most things require preparation. Important things require more preparation. Very important things require much preparation. My value of things can be seen in the preparation I am willing to make. The way my wife prepares for the visit of children to our home shows how she values them. My life today is preparation for eternity. My speech and actions will demonstrate how important eternity is to me.
Prayer: Heavenly Father, thank you for the preparation you made to provide the payment for my sins. May the esteem I have for you be seen in the preparations I make to stand before you on judgment day. Amen
Pastor Leon
Making friends for time and eternity!


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1980-08-01 Char-Koosta News
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PABLO, MONTANA 59855 ISSN: 0528-8592 VOLUME 10 NUMBER 7 NEW MOON OF THE SMALL PER CAPITA AUGUSTI,1980 Quarterly Report AUGUST PER CAPITA APPROVED The CSK Tribal Council voted at the July 11th quarterly council meeting to distribute a $200 per capita payment on August 15. The official language of resolution 5841 says: "WHEREAS, Resolution 5067, adopted on November 15, 1976, established the policy of the Tribal Council to make dividend payments to Tribal members twice annually during the months of August and December of each year; and "WHEREAS, said Resolution requested that the amount of each payment be determined by separate Resolutions; and "WHEREAS, a review of the income of the Tribes for fiscal year 1980 indicated that a Per Capita Distribution of $200.00 at this time would leave an adequate reserve in the General Fund now, therefore "BE IT RESOLVED, by the Tribal Council of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes that the Area Director is requested to authorize the $200 per capita distribution to enrolled members of the Tribes as of July 18, 1980; said distribution to be made during the month of August 1980; and "BE IT FURTHER RESOL VED, that the Superintendent, Flathead Agency and the Executive Treasurer are authorized to apply these funds to debts owed to the Tribes or the United States without consent of the payee." Nine of the ten Councilmen present voted "yes" for resolution 5841. The lone dissenter was Bearhead Swaney. Other business discussed at the Elmo meeting included: KOOTENAI PROTEST-Kenny Friedlander, appointed representative of the "Kootenai Coalition", reported that many Kootenai Tribal members were boycotting the meeting because they felt it futile to once again approach the Council with their concerns. As their spokesman, Friedlander presented a list of grievances and recommendations, though, which included: disagreement with the proposed constitution, removal of fraudulent Tribal members from the rolls and prosecution for restitution of past per capita payments, and a suggestion that the blood quantum for enrollment be one-half degree. MILL CREEK AREA -- The Council passed a motion placing the Mill Creek area (in the northwest quadrant of the reservation) under a 6-month moratorium to allow residents there to meet with Chairman Tom Pablo and Councilman Laurence Kenmille and decide the area's future: leave the land in the primitive status it's enjoyed since a primitive management resolution was passed last December, or simply close it to non-members - period. As a primitive area, it's closed to timber harvesting of all sorts - logging sales, firewood gathering, Christmas tree and post and pole cutting -depriving many Tribal members of their livelihoods. On the lighter side, quarterly attendees were treated to an unexpected foot stompin' performance by a trio from the Montana State Fiddlers group. Luella and Roy Burton provided the great guitar strummin' while Helen Spencer handled the fine fiddlin'. The three musicians entertained the rather small group before the meeting got underway, then encored during the delicious noon meal. INSIDE THIS ISSUE:" Guest Editorial.............................Page 2 Northern Tier — In Brief.....................Page 3 Letters to the Editor.......................Page 6 Summer Memories: Arlee Pow-wow.........Page 10 Indian News Notes........................Page 15 August Calendar..........................Page 16 Council Minutes...........................Page 17 Job Announcements......................Page 21
Object Description
|1980-08-01 Char-Koosta News
|Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation.
|Salish Indians --Newspapers.; Kutenai Indians --Newspapers.; Pablo (Montana) --Newspapers.; Kootenai Indians
|August Per Capita Approved; "We Must Work Out Ways To Make Money"; Council Highlights; Indian Newspaper Being Born; Meet The New SCD Director; Northern Tier - In Brief; 'Birds of a Feather' Census; WIC Schedule Changes; Turtle Lake Fund-Raiser a Success; Prison Open House; Angels' Streak Ends; Summer Career Development Lists Placements; Summer Memories - 1980 Arlee Pow-Wow; Summer Recreation Track Meet; An Interview with Tina Hill; Indian Bank Announces Records Earnings; OTAT Offers Journalism Course; Indian News Notes; Arlee Parade; What Is A Fisherman?
|Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Nation
|Date Original
|Date Digital
|Resource Identifier
|Rights Management
|Copyright (c) Salish and Kootenai Federated Tribes, all rights reserved.
|Contributing Institution
|Salish Kootenai College
|D'Arcy McNickle Library
|Vol. 10, No. 7
|Digitization Specifications
|Digitized at the University of Montana Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library; Scanned as master TIFF using Bookeye 3 scanner at 400 ppi, 8 bit grayscale; Optical Character Recognition with Abbyy FineReader Corporate Edition; Derivatives created using Photoshop CS
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'The White Queen,' Season 1, Episode 3, 'The Storm': TV Recap
History marches on, and on "The White Queen" it's marching double time.
It's 1469 and there are a pair of kings in the lockup. It's a real-life "Game of Thrones," and I only just now realized how much the ever-shifting opening sequence on Starz's "The White Queen" evokes the gear-like title sequence on the celebrated HBO fantasy series. It's certainly not a coincidence.
Mad King Henry is still imprisoned in the Tower of London, and Elizabeth is waiting to see what Warwick will do with her husband King Edward, whom he has captured.
Warwick is pressuring Edward to dismiss the Rivers family, and George (who is married to Isabel) is waiting to step onto the throne. Warwick needs Edward to agree to dismiss the Rivers, or for Parliament to support his schemes, to move ahead with his plot. A third thing will also help–if Isabel, who is pregnant, gives birth to a boy, the child can then be heralded as a royal heir, undercutting Edward's legitimacy.
Meanwhile, Margaret is hoping that Parliament gets rid of Edward, or just cuts his head off, so that her son Henry can finally take the throne, as she believes is God's will. Pity her poor husband, who has to put up with her constant scheming and dreams of royal replacement and decapitation.
Isabel and her sister Anne are trying on the very same robes in which Elizabeth celebrated her coronation. Isabel is anxious about all the plotting, but Anne is hopeful about her sister taking the throne. Isabel says they are just "pieces on a board." It's almost like she's been reading George R.R. Martin.
Even as the girls are playing dress up, their mother storms in and tells them to stop. Parliament has gone against Warwick and George. "Your father has risked everything and he has lost," she announces. Playtime is over.
Edward comes back to Elizabeth and takes command of his realm again. He decides the country has had enough of bloodshed, and against Elizabeth's wishes, leaves Warwick and his followers alive. He also plans to set up a marriage with one of his daughters and Warwick's nephew to strengthen their bonds.
There's more fallout from Edward's return. Thanks to Margaret's scheming, her husband loses title and position. She keeps praying.
To keep her enemies close, Elizabeth brings Warwick's daughters into her household. Anne is forced to gather up the royal smallclothes as the King and Queen make love. Warwick tells her to "do her duty" but promises that the family revenge is coming.
Warwick secretly supports another rebellion against the King. Jasper visits Margaret to tell her that their time is now. She asks her husband to help but he refuses to ride out. He says that Edward is the better King, and, for one thing, is doing a better job on the issue of crime. "What matters is God's rightful King upon the throne," Margaret argues. "You are a coward. You fear for your own neck like a child."
Jasper tells Margaret that the whole uprising is a scheme to lure Edward into battle. Once it starts, Warwick and George will betray him. Jasper says they'll put George on the throne, men will tire of him, and then Henry can step in. All she needs to do is help bring men to the field to "work the deception." She agrees to recruit her brother Richard Welles to raise an army. "He will do it if he thinks it is for Lancaster," she says. We also see that Margaret and Jasper have developed some romantic feelings for each other.
Margaret lies to and then lies with her husband in order to get him to take her on a trip to see her mother and brother. She says she's changed, but she really wants to convince her brother Richard to raise an army to join Warwick.
When Richard realizes, the night before the big battle, that the whole thing is a plot wrapped in a scheme, he goes to warn Edward, who is happy to get the head's up, but promptly kills Richard for being a traitor.
Warwick and George flee, and Edward goes in pursuit. A letter arrives that Jasper has fled to France, leaving Henry alone. Margaret's long-suffering husband agrees to help, even though she's not very apologetic about getting them into the whole mess.
Warwick packs up his family to sail off to raise an army. Isabel says she is pregnant and cannot sail, but she is forced to go anyway. It's the worst family vacation in history.
Elizabeth and her mother perform some magic to raise a storm. Warwick's ship is buffeted by winds and waves and rain even as Isabel gives birth. The child, a boy, is born dead.
Jasper, it turns out, is still watching over Henry, who has miraculously escaped harm. Jasper and Margaret share a smooch before he sails off for France.
Elizabeth promises that her next child will be a son, and she puts Edward's hand on her pregnant belly.
Isabel blames the expedition, and George, for the death of her infant.
"This is not the end, Isabel," George declares.
"But it is the end of my baby," Isabel cries. "It is the end of him."
What did you think of this episode of "The White Queen"? Leave your thoughts in the comments.