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Denis O'Brien, (54), is Ireland's most successful businessman and biggest philanthropist. He created Digicell, one of the most successful cell phone companies in the world.
In addition he has a vast media empire but is as well known for his philanthropy, especially in the Third World as his business acumen.
Last week was a good one for O'Brien in New York. Former president Bill Clinton, a close friend, had written in a Time Magazine cover story that his move to make cash transactions available for the poorest in the world via cell phones was the number one idea in changing the world last year.
He had also just received a corporate philanthropic award from the Clinton Global Initiative at their annual meeting. In addition, Forbes Magazine came out with their Richest 400 list and he was rated at number 205 with a $5 billion fortune.
He had just come from a small dinner with President Clinton and Carlos Slim, the Mexican billionaire and the world's richest man and a few other heavyweights the night before we met and he described with evident relish, how the evening had ended with a few spontaneous songs from all concerned. He makes it clear that his philanthropic work is taking more of his time these days and that Ireland's problems are never far from his mind.
O'D: Tell me, how does it feel to be named in a cover story in Time magazine as making the most difference out of anyone on earth in the last year – by Bill Clinton of all people?
O'B: Well look, you know, it was generous, it was extremely generous of him. It certainly doesn't feel like that because, you know, everybody is doing their bit in Haiti. There are so many people doing projects – small projects, big projects – there are thousands of people trying to help Haiti at the moment
O'D: How did you come up with this idea of people being able to send money by cell phone?
O'B: Well, they've been doing it in Africa for many years, but nobody has really turned it into a commercial proposition yet, So, you know, we have four beta tests at the moment. Well, Haiti now has gone beyond beta tests, but Haiti was the number one, and then Tonga, Papua New Guinea, and also Samoa.
O'D: So, tell me about Bill Clinton. What do you think?
O'B: [Laughs.] You know, his best snippet from last night was, he said "the weight of ants is more than the weight of human beings in the world today." He was weaving this thing together… He always surprises, and he gets more and more interesting. And the Clinton Global Initiative is the real model because everybody goes to (CGI) , and we all have a good chat and we head home. We learn a few things. But if you go to the CGI, number one you're making a promise and you have to deliver on it. And what he's done is he's used all of his contacts around the world and he's corralled them all to do something good. He is beloved here If he could run for election tomorrow he'd be in at 60, 65%.
But his engagement in Ireland is critical. I mean, talk about having an ally. Think about all the countries in the world, there are two-hundred and something countries in the world, to have an ally like Bill Clinton. He's a great advocate for Ireland and has such a great mind.
He was Google before they invented Google, and he still is Google.
O'D:Why was he so enamoured of your idea?
O'B: 95% of people are unbanked in Haiti, for example. In Papua New Guinea it's probably even more. So now for the first time people can have money, save money, without having to put cash under a bed or hide it somewhere.
They have a pin code so nobody can access that cash and it's totally secure.
O'D: Looking back, what was the moment when you said, "I'm going to go there, to the underdeveloped countries, the path not taken by so many others?
O'B: It wasn't really that brilliant, because if you see a country today and only 10% of the people have a mobile phone, every other country in the world is at 70. 80% – some are at 100%. So, I mean, it's going to go there, it's going to go in that direction. It's a matter of having the best combination of things in your proposition: a good network, good prices, and a good team and good marketing. So we just rolled out teams – mainly Irish people – who put this into effect in country after country. Now we have local managers, who we have trained up. So we probably have, worldwide, still about 200 senior Irish managers sprinkled all over out operations.
Burma is like – there are only 2 million people who have cell phones there and there are about 63 million people in the country. So the only 3 places left in the world where phones are needed, where somebody needs to bring a network to them, are North Korea, Cuba and Myanmar [laughs]. That's it!
O'D: What's next?
O'B: I think, the next thing is this: If you take all our mobile phone customers, they're all eventually going to go on the internet, and many of them already have. We've built 4G networks in 15 of our countries, and everybody now is buying smart phones. So it's a completely different revenue stream


text:
Boston Celtics Executive Watch
Price: $79.95
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- Brand: Game Time
- Color: Silver/Gold
- Dimensions: Width: 44 mm
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Kidz1stFund was created to raise awareness and funds in support of research to fight Fanconi anemia, a rare but serious blood disease that affects thousands of children each year. New treatments are being developed, and breakthroughs are on the horizon, but defeating this illness will require the help of generous souls from every walk of life.
Discovering treatments, uncovering secrets and discovering a cure all require research—and research takes money. By making a contribution to the cause, you're helping to create a brighter future for those with Fanconi anemia today, and those who may develop it in the future.+ DONATE NOW
When it comes to treating Fanconi anemia, donating marrow is just as important as money. Just a simple cotton swab rubbed inside your cheek is all it takes to register with the National Marrow Donor Program, making you a potential match for a child with FA in need of a bone marrow transplant.+ MORE ABOUT DONATING MARROW
Support the fight against Fanconi anemia and spruce up your wardrobe at the same time by purchasing one of these fashionable t-shirts or bracelets. They're available for men, women and children, so the whole family can look great while you're doing good.


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Namibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa. From the deep south to the far north, communities struggle with access to clean safe drinking water. In many villages women walk for kilometres carrying heavy buckets of water on their heads. After basic needs such as drinking, cooking and washing are met, little water is left to irrigate crops, or sustain livestock.
By introducing innovative ways of harvesting and saving water, UNDP Namibia has helped communities to make this scarce resource stretch further. Rainwater harvesting, the rehabilitation of traditional wells and dams and adopting of drip irrigation methods have changed the way dryland people and communities use water and has resulted in better yields and more income for communities.


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Intramural Gym Policies and Hours
We invite you to visit the Intramural Gym, located on the north side of the Melvin
Price Convention Center on the campus of McKendree. There you will find a versatile
facility that houses two full basketball courts, complete with a total of six goals.
The Intramural gym also has two volleyball courts, plus court space to allow for other
sports such as badminton and floor hockey. Other features within the facility are
men's and women's restrooms and locker rooms to store your personal items, plus shower
If you have specific equipment needs, please stop at the Equipment Desk. With proper identification, you can check out a variety of items ranging from basketball equipment to frisbees, board games, and so much more! Our friendly staff will be more than happy to assist you with your recreational needs.
Sunday: 4 p.m.-11 p.m.
Monday-Thursday: 1 p.m.-11 p.m.
Friday: 1 p.m.-8 p.m.
Saturday: 4 p.m.-8 p.m.
*Please note that it is possible that the gym may be open for extended hours due to
programming requiring additional time.
The Intramural Gym may be available for Free Play or for other activities. To access the Intramural Gym Calendar, please use the following link:
- MyMcK: Intramural Gym Calendar
- It is possible you may need to log in with your email account information to view the calendar.
A printed gym schedule will also be available outside the Campus Recreation Office
near the steps. Those wanting to schedule use of the Intramural (IM) Gym for an
event or activity should check the calendars first and submit the Event Registration
form to Operations.
The Recreational Gym and McKendree facilities are for use by McKendree students, faculty, staff and their invited guests. Under NO circumstances shall these facilities be used without the direct supervision of authorized personnel. No equipment shall be checked out from the Intramural office without proper identification, ie. McKendree Student ID, or Driver's License. All guests, McKendree or otherwise, must surrender picture identification upon entering the facility or when checking out equipment. Patrons may use these facilities only during designated hours, and only when an attendant is on duty. Please check the campus calendar as the gym may also be reserved for Intramurals, practices, or special events. Unauthorized use of this facility or equipment may result in disciplinary action as stated in the Campus Regulations and Judicial Procedures Document of the McKendree Student Handbook. Food and drink are not permitted in the playing floor area. All patrons using the gym floor must have non-marking footwear as to help protect the gym floor surface.
GUEST POLICY: McKendree students, faculty and staff may have up to three guests at a time. All guests must surrender picture identification upon entering the facility, and they must leave the facility when their host does. Members of the McKendree Community must accept responsibility for the behavior of their guests.
GAME POLICY: The attendant or Coordinator may, at his/her discretion, break up full-court basketball or volleyball games if space is needed to accommodate more guests. All guests are expected to cooperate with such requests or they will be asked to leave the facility. SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT IS EXPECTED AT ALL TIMES! Arguments, fights and rude offensive or threatening behavior will not be tolerated. Guests who violate this policy will be asked to leave, and usage privileges may be revoked.


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For some waterfowl, the Mississippi Alluvial Valley is not a final destination, but a stopover on the way to a milder winter resort—the Gulf Coast. Stretching from the Mississippi-Louisiana state line, west and south to the mouth of the Rio Grande River, the marshes and bays of the Gulf of Mexico were once among the most productive wetland systems in North America. Today, the region's ability to support waterfowl has been severely compromised by natural and human-induced changes that have caused dramatic loss of wetlands and their associated functions and values. The North American Waterfowl Management Plan Gulf Coast Venture calls for Gulf wetlands to winter up to 13.7 million ducks and 1.5 million geese, making it among DU's highest priorities.
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act into law.
First duck stamp, designed by Pulitzer-prize winning editorial cartoonist, Jay N. "Ding" Darling, issued.
Prairie drought peaks.


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On Sunday Oct. 14, from 1 to 3 p.m. at Concordia Lanes in New Ulm, Cub Scouts (grades 1-5) and Boy Scouts (grades 6-12,) can enjoy a day of bowling, free for all newly registered Scouts.
We would like to offer this family activity so that we can introduce your son(s) to the wonderful Scouting program. We have units active in Sleepy Eye with Chad Zeig, Cubmaster and Tom Wurtzberger, Scoutmaster. If you have questions or cannot make the event but would like more information about Scouting, please contact Dan Kotten at 507-276-7433 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Haverhill men caught with heroin in Conn. say they triple their money selling it in NH
Seth McKean, 26, and Harvey Ricker, 34, both of North Haverhill, N.H., were pulled over at 456 New Park Ave. at around 2:15 p.m. after failing to signal for a turn, according to a release from West Hartford police.
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|Batteries Included:
|Battery Amp Hours:
|2.0 Ah
|Battery Type:
|Blade Construction:
|Blade Length:
|22 in.
|Blade Style:
|Dual Action
|Cutting Capacity:
|3/4 in.
|Handle Type:
|No-Load Speed (SPM):
|Speed Settings:
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Reconditioned GreenWorks products are protected against all defects under normal use for a period of 30 Days from the shipping date.
GreenWorks can opt to repair, replace or issue a refund for products that are determined to be defective, or that have been damaged during shipping. Replacement of products or parts subject to normal wear and tear is the responsibility of the customer. If GreenWorks accepts a return under Warranty, you can return the defective or damaged product only after you call and receive a Return Authorization from GreenWorks. You also will receive a refund for your original shipping charges, and GreenWorks will arrange and pay for your return shipping charges. Batteries carry a one-year warranty against defects in workmanship and materials. Batteries must be charged in accordance with the operator's manuals directions and regulations in order to be valid.


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- Currently Unavailable
Great for improving strength, the Adjustaball from XD Fitness provides seven medicine balls in one! This adjustable medicine ball ranges from 8 pounds to 20 pounds in 2-pound increments with cement inserts. Dual grip handle with finger grips provides more versatility in exercises. Made of durable rubber.


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Description:HP 64MB 60ns SDRAM Memory DIMM (100 MHz)For Proliant 1600 1850 3000 5500 and Prosignia ServersPart Number(s)Option Part# 331614-B21Spare Part# 333143-001
Note: Our Part# 313614-B21 is guaranteedgenuine HP product with a HP serial number and logo. We do not sell 3rd party HP memory.
Overview:As data protection and high availability have become increasingly important, customers are demanding solid uninterrupted performance. Continuous development and enhancement of high-performance software applications and operating systems is driving the need for additional memory. Compaq memory customers can be assured that all of their memory needs will be met the above issues will be addressed and they will have memory manufactured to the highest quality standards and subjected to the most rigorous testing procedures that only genuine components will realize.


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Julia Ioffe of The New Republic is battling a case of pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, and she's mad as hell about it.
The targets of Ioffe's wrath fully deserve it, as we see HERE:
Pertussis, named after the elegantly latinate bacterium Bordetella pertussis, starts the way of any cold or mild flu. Then, a week or two later, the coughing starts. That�s because B. pertussis glom onto and paralyze the cilia, the lash-like filaments in your airways that clear it out of mucus, the stuff your body uses to trap and get rid of the infection. The ...
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Journey Mennonite Church will have a Vacation Bible School Aug. 9 to 11 at McPherson Middle School.
The church plans to carry out a special offering project to help provide school supplies to children in need and possible for other classroom supplies teachers may have to buy themselves. The camp also will include a petting zoo.
Jim Ostlund, the campus pastor, said the camp will be a great opportunity for the church to connect with children and parents in McPherson.
Location, ST | website.com


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If Oprah can do 2 shows within a few weeks about the current New York Times #1 bestseller "The Secret", I don't feel it is overkill for me to once again pontificate on the formula that will greatly enhance the probability of Newbies and runners in general to want to/and have the ability to be lifetime runners.
THE SECRET: Slow down
take days offvisualize running 10/20/30 years from now don't take yourself too seriouslyit is ok to run and walk or walk and run rest days are sacreddon't fall prey to too much/toosoon/toofast have running become play, it can be fun.

Note: Over the years people have asked me why they rarely see runners smiling while they run. My response: "We don't want to get bug stains on our teeth, and, it is very difficult to smile when you have a Ben-Gay Suppository implanted."

I continue to read numerous posts from Newbies who are strugglingdo too much get discouraged and stop running. It makes me sad that a simple solutionEZ to implement is not taken. If running is painful something is wrong. If you have been sedentary for years don't expect to gain fitness in days or weeks. Relaxget in a habit of at least going for a walk. Not power walking. Gentle walking stopping to admire naturerelax. As time progresses add a few moments of gentle jogging. If you do this for several months your body will crave it. Same as your teeth crave to be brushed and flossed.
Goals are wonderful
keep them realistic: Instead of getting into running to run a 5/10K, a 1/2 marathon or a marathon within the shortest period of time/ set some goals for races 5 years from now and beyond. As I have mentioned before, most ignore the EZ approach and become Charter members of the World's largest Running club: "I use to run....but club"

If you really take it EZ, running will become meditative and Ipods will be left at home while you run. With all the info of TV/Internet/Cell phones etc you can find a quiet place in your mind by just walking/running gently and tuning in to YOU.

Yeow!! I can go on, can't I? For those who don't know about mesuffice it to say I was a pack a day smoker who quit smoking and decided to get in shape 31 years ago. I am 63 and have run over 63,000 miles mostly injury free /competed in over 400 races from 1 mile to 50 miles and recently completed my first marathon in 21 years 3 weeks ago. Ran my first marathon 30 years ago. My passion for running is a constant and increases with age. I have never felt burned outwell OK at the end of several marathons death would have been a welcome interlude. I attribute it mostly to slowing down and enjoying the journey. It may work for you. Again, thanks for letting me get on my soapbox. It does my soul a lot of good. Rememberthere is no finish line and live with an attitude of gratitude. Nick
Great post! I completely agree with the "slow down" philosophy. A newbie who wants to run a marathon 6 months from now -- or even 4 months from now -- might be able to do it. But they won't enjoy it. Running will hurt, and it will be a chore. And as soon as that goal race is over, they'll give up running.
So if someone just wants to run a marathon (or race of any particular length, for that matter) and then never run again, they might as well go as fast as they want. But if someone wants to make running a part of their life for the next 10, 20, 30 (or more) years, what's the hurry? If you want to run for many years, why do you need to run that marathon this year? Go slow, let your body get used to a little extra effort each time, and you'll be able to love it. Forget about that marathon for now and just work on increasing little by little. You'll be able to comfortably train for that marathon in a couple of years, and you'll be able to enjoy it. And you'll still have many many more years to run more of them, and enjoy them all...
Thanks a lot Nick, it made me think of why I run. I will never be good enough to win anything, so why beat myself up. After reflecting about what you said, it's true that the slower runs are more enjoyable, and have more energy the rest of the day.
I think it is our competetive nature that pushes us to go as fast as possible while we need to do the opposite - slow down, running is after all a down time for us.
I just have to remind myself that there will always be lot of people faster than me, and a lot more people slower, so what's the point if not enjoying yourselves. That race you signed up is important only to the point of keeping you motivated to get out the door, does it matter if you place 235 vs 350. The long term goal like you said should be running 20/30 years from now.
Well said, Nick!
I tell anyone who will listen it's the journey, not the destination. I got back into running at 50 after raising a family. Shed the 41 pounds I had accumulated, and ran my first marathon Oct 06 . At 57 I can't see myself not running. It's like golf...addictive and you can always do better. !http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/smile.gif|src=http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/smile.gif|border=0!
Nick's the man!!!!
I've been running for 5 years now. I see myself running til I die. I've got a dear friend who is still running marathons at age 78. He's not as fast as he used to be, but he does it. He even has a job!!!! I have another friend (age 62) that runs marathons carrying the Marine Corp. flag the whole way. They are my heros, just like Nick.
I have many friends that are in their 50s and 60s that are truely inspirations to me. Heck, I'm almost there at age 48.
Thank you Nick!
Great post Nick. As a 58 year old who recently began running again (after 30 years), I am encouraged by your stories. I began the C25K four weeks ago and have been enjoying the program. I am on week4, day 2, and have every intension of completing the program and continuing to run for along time. At the beginning, I was starting to get a little worried about my slow pace but I am getting stronger every week and thanks to your posts, I have become more interested in the journey rather than getting there quickly. Keep up the good work and best regards, Jim
Nick -
Well said!
My personal hero is the 84 year old woman who ran the local 10K. Okay, she beat me. I am half her age. Literally.
I strive to improve and enjoy so as I am still going for the next 42 years, and beyond.
Originally posted by virgogrrl:
Thanks Nick - I needed that today! How did you know? haha !http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/smile.gif|src=http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/smile.gif|border=0!
Probably because I am a Virgoman! (:
Ha - That explains it!
Thank you Nick. Just this morning I finished W8D1 of C25K, and I'd been disappointed with myself that I went the longest ever without running (four whole days!) since I'd been traveling and I was also a little sore from doing some weight training the other day. I kept telling myself that I should have run yesterday, but I was just a little sore. I'm new to running and so scared that something will make me go back to sedentary ways, even though I love this.
Instead I felt great today, which I don't think I would have yesterday. I don't think I move too fast and I'm a total newbie, but I love how I feel when I run and after that I want to be in this for the long haul. I hear so much about races and what's your pace etc that I really needed to read your post this morning.
Thanks Nick, you changed my whole perspective.
Long Run Nick...you know that you are my hero...right?
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text:
Back to Back Divided Sky from couple nights before at Auburn Hills...Leads me to believe that the on going Lake Effect Snow Squalls that was persistant in Michigan in those 3-4 days was the reason behind the back 2 back showings. If your caught under one Snow squall it is capable of dumping a couple inches of snow in a very short time then you drive 5 miles away its sunny without a cloud in a sky...then drive back into another Snow Squall. Phish was probably driving in wacky weather across Michigan. Theres not a better song to play then Divided sky to describe the moment. Just another little tid bit from the Kick Ass band Phish!
This was a very good show to introduce to someone thats not into Phish. Pretty much an average show for Phish standards


text:
but 1
1Used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned: he stumbled but didn't fall this is one principle, but it is not the only one the food is cheap but delicious the problem is not that they are cutting down trees, but that they are doing it in a predatory way
More example sentences
- I would have liked to have had a longer deal but the get out clauses were prohibitive.
- We can destroy with a cutting quip or a damning phrase but nobody expects us to create.
- We continued to talk all though the lesson, but there was no mention of the dance.
nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, however, still, notwithstanding, despite that, in spite of that, for all that, all the same, just the same, at the same time, be that as it may;
though, although
informal still and all
2 [with negative or in questions] Used to indicate the impossibility of anything other than what is being stated: one cannot but sympathize there was nothing they could do but swallow their pride they had no alternative but to follow
More example sentences
- Cause and effect are related in such a way that, if the first occurs, the second cannot but occur.
- This is another one of those Korean films that you cannot but have mixed feelings about.
- She knew he did not want to go, but she could still not help but feel anger at him.
(do) other than, otherwise than, except
3Used to introduce a response expressing a feeling such as surprise or anger: but that's an incredible saving! but why?
More example sentences
- We did not know what to expect, but what a fantastic surprise night, it was a real thrill.
- It is also very funny, but don't be surprised if you have to cross a protest line to see it.
- I was slow to acknowledge their response as I broke my leg, but thank you, one and all.
4Used after an expression of apology for what one is about to say: I'm sorry, but I can't pay you
More example sentences
- I'm sorry, but she laughs in her sleep and can never remember the joke in the morning.
- I apologise but it's being moved to a new server and should be up again by Saturday.
- Sorry to be repetitive but this guy was in the tube in Russell Square when the bomb went off!
5 [with negative] archaic Without it being the case that: it never rains but it pours
More example sentences
- It never rains but it pours.
- Her Own Tribesmen Never but Say Her Age Is 300 Years.
- I did read the names that one time, and never but that one time.
1Except; apart from; other than: we were never anything but poor supply currently exceeds demand in all but the most rural areas the last but one
More example sentences
- On some London high streets it is becoming difficult to go food shopping anywhere but Tesco.
- She was too shaken and frightened to do anything else but feel safe in the arms of Peter Grayson.
- She was shocked, too shock to do anything else but stare as he pulled her forward.
1.1Used with repetition of certain words to give emphasis: nobody, but nobody, was going to stop her
More example sentences
- Why nobody, but nobody will ever take mass transit as long as they have a choice.
- Nobody, but nobody, should eat a two pound burrito.
- Nobody, but Nobody, knows Mauritius like we do!
1No more than; only: he is but a shadow of his former self choose from a colourful array of mango, starfruit, and raspberries, to name but a few
More example sentences
- In an important article in April 22 Haaretz Gideon Levy points out but a few cases within the year illustrating that movement equals death.
- I admire many artists like Gerhard Richter, Francis Bacon, and Edward Hopper to name but a few.
- Fast food, the gas station (as we knew it until the 1980's), the neon sign, and the motel to name but a few, are the affectations of the early highways.
only, just, simply, merely, no more than, nothing but;
a mere
Northern English informal nobbut
An argument against something; an objection: no buts—just get out of here as with all these proposals, ifs and buts abound
More example sentences
- We are not going to talk about ifs and buts, like I say, just wait for the procedure to take its place and then at the end of that, if no one has made the decision for us, we'll have to make the decision.
- In the past 30 years, the food industry in Ireland, as represented by both the public and the private sectors, has created more ifs and buts than any other.
- Sydney - no ifs, no buts - is the commercial capital of Australia.
For advice about using but and other conjunctions to begin a sentence, see and (usage).
but for
- Except for: I walked along Broadway, deserted but for the occasional cabMore example sentences
- Its All Good (but for the playing of the games).
- In the end, there's not much here but for the pulp entertainment value.
- High pastures rise, bare but for a wedge of trees, and redshanks swooped in quickly to the rushes by our feet.
- 1.1If it were not for: the game could be over but for youMore example sentences
if it were not for, were it not for, except for, without, barring, notwithstanding
- He could have added to his test figures but for an apparent indiscretion with alcohol.
- Our ancestors said we would not know the summer from the winter but for the leaves on their trees.
- Clapton would have snatched a draw but for another late goal from never-say-die Dorking.
but that
- archaic Other than that; except that: she would have screamed, but that her cry would have called her mastersMore example sentences
- There is no doubt but that Ireland has seen a surge in prices over the past five years.
- There can be little doubt but that the methods of projective differential geometry will serve to throw a flood of light upon the theory of conjugate triple systems.
- He had no doubt but that this banking system was burdensome to the citizens of the United States.
but then
- After all; on the other hand (introducing a contrasting comment): it couldn't help, but then again, it probably couldn't hurt it's a very hard match, but then they all areMore example sentences
- But then, they would be, wouldn't they?
- Most of the people I have spoken to since agree but then they don't live in homes with gardens big enough to warrant weekly collections of garden waste!
- "But then they're bred for it, aren't they?" she adds as an afterthought.
Words that rhyme with butabut, butt, cut, glut, gut, hut, intercut, jut, Mut, mutt, phut, putt, rut, scut, shortcut, shut, slut, smut, strut, tut, undercut
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: but
Definition of but in:
but 2
but and ben
- Scottish A two-roomed cottage; a humble home.Example sentences
- This is a Scottish holiday very much as it would have been 50 years ago, when the Broons left their tenement in Glebe Street for a two-room but and ben in an anonymous glen.
- The denizens of Barclay House - that's our wee but and ben in Edinburgh - were given a pantomime for light relief yesterday morning when a parking attendant dared to stick a ticket on the Scotland bus.
- To others it is a one-bedroom but and ben with a corrugated iron roof.
Early 18th century: from but1 in the early sense 'outside', specifically 'into the outer part of a house'.
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3.11-7 Damages for Libel Per Quod
Revised to January 1, 2008
In an action for libel per quod, the
law does not presume that the plaintiff sustained injury to (his/her)
reputation. As I have previously instructed you, to recover in an action of
libel per quod, the plaintiff must prove to you that (he/she) incurred what is
called actual damages, also called special damages, that is an actual injury or
loss. The loss must be caused by the publication of the defamatory statement.
The special damages must be of a
material nature and, generally, must be of a pecuniary nature, that is dealing
with money.
<Insert relevant portions of
instruction on special damages and punitive damages, contained in
Damages for Libel/Sander Per Se, Instruction 3.11-8.>
The special damages can include both
the damages that the plaintiff has already suffered and the damages that the
plaintiff is likely to suffer in the future.
If the plaintiff has proven to you
that as a result of the defamatory statements made by the defendant, (he/she)
has suffered, or in reasonable probability will suffer, a financial loss,
(he/she) is entitled to compensation for that loss. If (he/she) has failed to
prove any such damage, your verdict must be for the defendant.
Urban v. Hartford Gas Co., 139 Conn.
301, 308 (1952).
Both special damages and punitive
damages may be awarded in a claim for libel per quod. DeVito v. Schwartz,
66 Conn. App. 228, 235-36 (2001). The damage suffered must result from the
conduct of someone other than the plaintiff or the defendant.
See General Statutes § 52-237 for
the effect of a finding of malice in fact or the effect of a retraction made or
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Rx Response
Rx Response Raising Awareness Among Nation's Lieutenant Governors
07.23.13 | By
Big storms – like Sandy, like Katrina – happen. The toll can be devastating. Proper preparation to meet the human, logistical and supply-chain problems that come along with a big storm is critical. That's why Rx Response (rxresponse.org) – comprised of the key-players in the pharmaceutical supply chain and designed to keep medicines flowing after a disaster – has become an important partner to those charged with anticipating and managing emergency responses to big storms, pandemics or man-made disasters.
Rx Response was recently recognized by the National Lieutenant Governors Association (NLGA) at the organization's recent Annual Meeting in Oklahoma City. The NLGA adopted a resolution offered by Lt. Governors Jay Dardenne of Louisiana and Elizabeth Roberts from Rhode Island designed specifically to raise awareness among Lieutenant Governors about Rx Response and its role in keeping the medicine supply chain operating in an emergency and during disaster recovery.
PhRMA congratulates Dr. Erin Mullen, PhRMA Associate Vice President and Rx Response Executive Director, along with PhRMA's State Government Affairs team for their work with Lt. Governors Dardenne and Roberts on this important resolution and for the continuing effort to work with States, communities and federal emergency and disaster managers to make sure that the victims of a disaster have the medicines they need.


text:
Thursday's letters: Hill's accusations
Published: Thursday, February 23, 2012 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, February 22, 2012 at 7:18 p.m.
To the editor: So the motive for Tom Hills attack on Sheriff Rick Davis has come to light. He was unknown to the public until he came out of the woodwork with his allegations and innuendos with no proof against Davis. He now wants to replace Heath Shuler with a further surprise that he is a Democrat. Gosh, what a revelation.
From his actions, one can allege that (1) He used the Times-News for political publicity, (2) he used the county commissioners time for political publicity, (3) he misled the public, and (4) he never had any firm evidence against Davis, only speculation and an opportunity to get his name before the public. Since these are allegations, I suppose he should be investigated, as he requested that of Davis. If I were the Democratic Party, I wouldnt touch him with a 20-foot pole.
Dick Weslake
Biblical knowledge
To the editor: I read the Feb. 11 letter Church and state and have to respond. The writers biblical knowledge seems incomplete. Is he aware that Adam and Eve had sons and daughters? The diversity of anatomy and the result of heterosexual intercourse was obvious to those primitive people. Any society that desires to continue its existence should seek to protect relationships that can reproduce and foster future generations.
Government has no business in assigning benefits that show preference to any group over another. It should stay out of the marriage business and stick with civil unions or nothing. Remember, these are the folks who sanction theft of property from people they cant convict of a crime and call it fair and equitable. These are also the ones who allow the future generations to be vacuumed out of a woman to protect our choices.
When one level of government has the common sense to protect in any way any aspect that fosters protection and sanctity of a love capable of procreation, we should applaud it and not condemn it. Any writer who mocks the Incarnation would do well to remember that God did extraordinary things to protect His Sons bloodline, including leaving skeptics breathless.
Ed Ericson
Mills River
To the editor: In the Feb. 10 edition, there was a letter titled Despicable? Its author heaped much praise on our current president for his having saved the stock market and the auto industry and turning around a bad employment situation. It seems he may have overlooked a few important items.
According to Wikipedia, the national debt has moved from $10.7 trillion to $15.356 trillion during the current presidents three years in office. And Saturdays paper stated that he wants another $1.3 trillion. Wow! Repeat, wow!
He stated that GM, thanks to the president, is again the worlds leading carmaker. He failed to mention that Government Motors still owes someone $26.4 billion in bailout funds.
No mention of the nationwide housing crisis.
I cant help but wonder why he left the national debt info, the housing crisis and GMs unpaid bailout out of his letter. Now I remember: Due to space limitations, he had only enough left to bash those blocking and obstructing Republicans!
Do any of you readers believe that I, you, Henderson County, North Carolina or the nation can spend our way to wealth?
Bob E. Hinkel
Foul language
To the editor: I have to agree with the man in Arizona who objects to teachers using foul language in the classroom. I admit I also would be highly offended, and I would think most any parent would. It is sad that it would take a state law to bring this to a halt. One has to wonder about a high school teacher who would use the F-word in the classroom. (Im referring to an article in the Feb. 16 Times-News.)
I found it curious that the article felt it necessary to tell us the father who registered the complaint is a longtime Republican who produced the infamous Willie Horton ad and further is also the founding chairman of Citizens United. Can anyone tell me what that information has to do with objecting to foul language in the classroom? Is the suggestion that only Republicans are offended by such language? I believe this may be taking The Associated Press political convictions a bit too far, dont you?
Lou Ellen Lewis
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WASHINGTON, D.C. — RingTV.com will have a live, blog round-by-round update of Saturday night's HBO- televised undercard, as well as the main event between RING No. 1-rated junior welterweight and WBA/IBF beltholder Amir Khan and RING No. 6-rated challenger Lamont Peterson at the Washington Convention Center.
Khan (26-1, 18 knockouts) takes an eight-bout winning streak that includes four knockouts into the matchup against Peterson (29-1-1, 15 KOs), who is 2-0-1, with two knockouts since falling to Tim Bradley (28-0, 12 KOs) by unanimous decision in December of 2009.
In the co-feature, heavyweight prospect Seth Mitchell, (23-0-1, 17 KOs), of Brandywine, Md., takes on Timur Ibragimov (30-3-1, 16 KOs), of Uzbekistan.
The broadcast begins at 9:45 p.m. with a replay of last weekend's fight between Miguel Cotto and Antonio Margarito, with Mitchell-Ibragimov to follow at around 10:30 p.m.
Khan vs. Peterson, round-by-round
Referee: Joe Cooper (Virginia)
Judges: Valerie Dorsett (North Carolina) had it 113-112 and George Hill (New Jersey) had it 113-112, both for Peterson. Nelson Vazquez (Puerto Rico) had it for Khan 115-110 [INITIALLY ANNOUNCED AT 114-111].
RING TV.com has it for Khan, 113-112.
Round 1: Khan steps in with two right hands that miss. Peterson retreats and ducks beneath him. Khan catches Peterson with a left hand off a clinch, followed by a right. Peterson comes back with a left, and goes down, but the referee, Joe Cooper, rules it a slip, although it appeared a left hand landed. Khan is bringing the action to the circling Peterson, who comes back with a left hand. Peteson drives a left to the body. Khan lands a left behind the jab. Khan DROPS Peterson with a long, lead right hand, but he's up at six. Another jab lands for Khan. Khan, 10-8.
Round 2: Khan continues his assault, and wobbles Peterson it appears with a right hand. In retreat, Khan takes a long right to the body. Khan's speed is apparently giving Peterson trouble. Khan lands another right, but they trade lefts. Peterson takes a right uppercut and Khan dances away. Khan digs two left hands to the body. Peterson drives a right to the body. Peterson digs a left uppercut to the chin. Peterson comes with a left and two rights to the body. Khan retreats. Khan jumps in with a left-right to end the round. Khan, 10-9; Khan 20-17.
Round 3: Khan is busy on the inside, landing a right uppercut and moving away. Peterson tries to track him, but takes a right, left and another right. Peterson drives in a nice right as Khan retreats. Peterson gets in two left hands to the body that Khan feels. They clinch. Peterson doubles up on the right to the body and then digs four more body shots. They trade rights, with Peterson's having more effect. Peterson has Khan hurt with a right as Khan retreats. Peterson rocks Khan with a right, then digs four body shots home. Khan gets in a right. Peterson's had a great round with the body shots. Peterson, 10-9; Khan, 29-27.
Round 4: A hard fight hand form Peterson starts the round. Peterson digs a jab to the body, blocks four punches from Khan, then digs a five-punch combination to the body. Khan says he's not hurt. Peterson is going relentlessly to the body. Peterson takes a right and keeps coming. Peterson blocks two rights and comes back with a lft. Peterson digs two rights to the body and a left to the head. Two hard right hands from Peterson to the head and a left to the body. Khan doesn't like it. Peterson's jab is working. Khan covers up. Left from Peterson. Peterson finds the body twice more prior to the bell. Peterson, 10-9; Khan, 38-37.
Round 5: Peterson continues to track and elude Khan's jab. Peterson drives a right to the body. Khan says he's not hurt. Khan lands one of two right hands. Khan goes to the body three times. Khan clinches. Left to the body from Peterson. Nice right from Khan and another as Khan moves away. Khan misses and falls. It's a slip. Khan's jab is winning the round. Nice left hook from Peterson, counters with a three-punch flurry and moves away. Nice right by Peterson. Khan lands a jab and a right before the bell. Khan, 10-9; Khan, 48-46.
Round 6: Peterson comes with a jab and two rights to the jaw early. Khan goes back on his bicycle. Khan comes with a right and then clinches. Peterson lands three rights to the body. Khan goes back to sticking and moving. Nice three-punch combination from Khan, starting with the jab. Peterson can't catch him. Nice left to the body from Peterson, good short right from Khan. Another right from Khan. Nice left from Khan and two more jabs. Two body shots from Peterson. Nice left to the body from Khan. Peterson lands two hard rights to the jaw of Khan. Three-punch combination from Khan that back up Peterson, who comes back with a left. Khan's boxing wins the round. Khan, 10-9; Khan, 58-55.
Round 7: Khan opens with a four-punch combination. Peterson grazes with a right. Peterson lands twice to the body, but Khan comes bak with a hard left. Hard right to the jaw from Peterson. Peterson is getting out-hustled. Hard right to the jaw that hurts Khan, then a left that forces Khan to clinch. Nice left from Peterson. Nice jab from Peterson. Two body shots from Peterson and a right. Peterson traps Khan on the ropes and lands a succession of body shots and a left hand to the head. Hard right from Peterson bothers Khan. Peterson lands two wicked right hands on the ropes to the head before the bell. Khan LOSES A POINT FOR PUSHING THE HEAD DOWN. Peterson, 10-8; Khan, 66-65.
Round 8: Peterson smells blood and pounds Khan on the ropes to the body. Peterson is relentless, chasing Khan and landing a hard right and several body shots before coming to the head with two more hard lefts and rights. Peterson pours it on to the body. Khan jabs and lands a right. Peterson hurts Khan with a left to the body and has him covering up. Peterson drives a left and a right to the body and Khan is retreating. Three lefts to the body by Peterson and a right to the head. Two more body shots and a right to the head by Peterson. Hard right to the jaw from Peterson. Peterson, 10-9; EVEN 75-75.
Round 9: Peterson is confident. Peterson will not stop going to the body. Peterson lands six straight body shots and drives four right hands to the head. Khan lands a series of right hands. Peterson does not wilt. Khan clinches from the pressure. Peterson goes to the body three times. Khan hurts Peterson with a hard right and wobbles him with another. Khan comes with another right hand. Nice left and a right from Peterson. Peterson hurts Khan with a right and a left. Khan, 10-9; Khan, 85-84.
Round 10: Peterson goes to the body early. Peterson's right eye appears to be closing. Peterson drives four shots to the body. Then Peterson lands a right to the head. Peterson lands a nice counter left. Another nice left from Peterson. Four shots to the body from Peterson, followed by a left to the head from Khan. Peterson shakes Khan with a right hand. Four-punch combination to the body and then a right to the head from Peterson. Peterson jabs and follows with a four-punch combination to the body. Peterson, 10-9; EVEN 94-94.
Round 11: Khan's three-punch combination to the body starts the action. Peterson traps Khan and fires three body shots. Four-punch combination by Khan, two of the blows were blocked, however. Peterson lands twice to the body on the ropes. Peterson lands a four-punch combination on the ropes, ending to the head. Khan wins the round by boxing and countering Peterson's body shots. Khan, 10-9; Khan, 104-103.
Round 12: Peterson takes a left hook to start the round. Peterson drives in a left hand. Khan is boxing and boxing beautifully. Khan takes seven punches to the body, then GETS PENALIZED ANOTHER POINT FOR PUSHING. Peterson lands to the body and then to the head. Peterson pounds the body. Peterson lands hard to the body with a left. Peterson lands to the body, but the round's even as Khan wins, but can not take the round because of the penalty. 9-9; Khan, 113-112.
RING TV.com has it for Khan, 113-112.
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text:
Boston Celtics Wildcat Watch
Price: $29.95
- Additional Details
- Brand: Game Time
- Color: Black
- Dimensions: Strap Length: 9.5 in
- Includes: 1 battery
- Made Of: Band Material: Silicone; Stainless Steel Caseback
- Weight: .10 lb
It's always game time when you're rocking the Boston Celtics Wildcat Watch on your wrist! Show your love for the most legendary team in the league while flashing some style with this cool watch.
- Officially licensed team logo
- Staineless steel caseback
- Band Material: Silicone
- Japan quartz movement
- Officially licensed NBA product
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Unconditional satisfaction guaranteed.Safe Shopping:
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Court Street in Auburn reopened early Tuesday morning after a water main break.
Officials said a construction company hit a pipe that leads to a reservoir, causing a geyser of water 10 to 15 feet high to shoot out of the middle of the street.
Workers repaired the water main break and road before morning so that Court Street will be usable for morning commuters.
Officials said Monday evening about 30 homes are without water; they hope to have water back on within the next few hours.
In the meantime, officials are handing out cases of bottled water and 1-gallon jugs to families. Officials told families that when the water is turned back on they will need to boil it until further notice.


text:
Grey/Neon Green/Hot Pink
- A Runners' World Editor's Choice Pick!
- Currently Unavailable
Ideal for trail runners, this lightweight shoe from Asics won a Runners' World Editor's Choice pick.
UPPER: Lightweight, breathable nylon and performance mesh.
MIDSOLE: Cushioned SoLyte for optimum comfort and support. Trusstic system reduces weight while increasing stability and integrity of the shoe.
Ankle collar locks heels in place..
OUTSOLE: Flexible rubber outsole for traction. Water drainage system reduces moisture and keeps feet fresh and dry.
WEIGHT: 7.0 oz.
Lamentamos que todavia no hay descripción en español para este producto.


text:
Singularity of the soul and the myth of consciousness
Okay, I've laid a bit of groundwork for this with my last few blogs, and now I'm going to talk about something they do say you never should: my religion. It's not something I talk about much, and indeed, I'm probably known for avoiding the subject. That's because it tends to be a sticky and involved conversation if I address it fairly. Curiously, this does actually have consequences for free software. Richard Stallman likes to talk about the ethical reasons for writing it; Eric Raymond likes to talk about the pragmatic reasons; but here I intend to address a spiritual reason for doing so.
Personal Religion
I believe that creed is a personal matter and that, while it's entirely appropriate to tell you what I think as food for thought, I'm not necessarily expecting you to agree with me, and I'd be mightily suspicious if you said you did without a lot of contemplation!
I have to talk about this now, because without some kind of discussion of matters of faith, there is no way to attack the metaphysical issues of the artificial intelligence (AI) singularity that I'm going to hit this week (not the "singularity" that Vernor Vinge describes, which will be more familiar to some readers, but a more fundamental singularity in philosophy that AI has forced me to re-examine).
A "singularity" is a part of a theoretical construct that shuts off a certain avenue of understanding, because the model collapses around a certain idea. In astrophysics, for example, a black hole is a singularity because relativistic physics predicts a point of infinite density and infinitesimal size. Physicist are both distrustful and excited about singularities, because what normally happens at a singularity is that your existing notions of physics fail, and you're likely to learn something entirely new. Black holes, once scientists have the opportunity to study them closely, might provide very interesting new gravitational field theories or a final integration of quantum mechanics and relativity. Or something else entirely. So long as theorists are speculating in a vacuum, there will be a lot of wild theories, and not enough proof to conclusively decide on one—that particular singularity probably won't really be resolved until we are able to actually visit a black hole (and that may not happen for many millennia).
However, there are fundamental singularities, even in something as seemingly simple as the philosophy of science itself. Science is, of course, firmly rooted in the idea of "objective reality"—the kind of reality you can measure, do experiments with, and make predictions about. There's more than one challenge to this idea, but what I need to address briefly is the singularity that exists between the concepts of "objective reality" and "subjective reality". Subjective reality, of course, is your reality: your own perception of the world.
The concept of a "soul" (as I intend to argue), is our special name for the boundary between objective and subjective reality. It's a special word that demarcates the limit of objective reality, and therefore of science. It's possible to have philosophical ideas about the soul, but they can't be scientific ones. Not because they are merely "unknown" (like the physics within a black hole), but because they are fundamentally "unknowable" (within the definition of "knowledge" that is fundamental to science).
It is this "Singularity of Soul" that I want to address this week. From it, I want to construct some spiritual ideas about the nature of reality. It's not clear to me how this idea should be classified. I'm not a great reader of philosophy, so I fear I would not use the terms correctly. I can map the idea to atheism, animism, pantheism, theism, and probably existentialism. It has, by construction, no objective consequences, so it's not something that can be proved or disproved, but I nevertheless feel that it has moral and aesthetic consequences.
The Soul
In the literature of AI, starting with Alan Turing, there are a number of standard thought experiments that can be used to reason about the nature of "consciousness" and what it means to say that a machine is "intelligent", "conscious", "self-aware", or "sentient". These are all really questions of a metaphysical nature. We are really asking "when does a machine acquire a soul?"
So what is a soul? That's a slippery point. There appear to be multiple definitions of this concept, perhaps due to multiple world views. In any case, I define a soul via the following thought experiment:
Imagine that you have a magic machine which can make perfect copies of any object, just like the box in Pig and the Box—although there are of course many references in science fiction to this kind of device, including (possibly) the transporters or replicators in Star Trek. It's such a powerful idea that most authors actually hobble the device by making it "introduce errors" or have some other fundamental weakness (maybe something "quantum"). But we're going to imagine that this device is perfect, and I want you to imagine that you put yourself in the box, just like the Crazy Squirrel.
So now there are two of you (or maybe 27, but we'll say two!). There's the you that got into the box, and the extra you that came out. To an outside observer, there's no way to tell the two yous apart (at least not if he had his back turned when you replicated), and so he can't tell by any kind of objective observation or experiment which of you is the original. As far as he is concerned, either of you is as good as the other, and if one of you should happen to be vaporized, he'll be right back where he started, no matter which of you it is (in fact, this is one interpretation of what's supposed to be happening in one of those Star Trek transporters).
Of course, you know better! You are clearly you, and the other you is the copy. Of course, both copies probably perceive that, but that's not the point. The point is that you don't have any fundamental way to know what the other perceives, you only know your own experience. Everything else is inference. Your "soul" is the unique thing that you have that the exact copy doesn't (arguably it has its own soul, but you don't know that, you can only guess that by analogy).
Now, it's an interesting point that this existence—your soul—is the only thing in the universe that you absolutely know to exist. You may recognize this as the concept of "cogito ergo sum" or "I think, therefore I am", attributed to Descartes, but that is actually a bit false to the intent. There are many ways to conceptualize this idea, including the relativistic or quantum "observer" in physics, or we can simply think of it as a "point of view". However you conceptualize it, it's the "you" in you.
Thinking is not really a precursor to this, so the latin phrase "cogito ergo sum" is inaccurate. It appears that Descartes himself recognized this, but I will re-emphasize, because it's my most important point in this entry: being precedes thought. It is not clear that thinking necessarily implies being, nor that being necessarily implies thought. This "being" is what I equate with the concept of "soul".
To put it another way, this conception renders the question "what is it like to have no soul" meaningless—that which has no soul has no perception, no point of view, hence it's meaningless to ask questions of perception about it (unless by perception we are actually talking about a mental process rather than the fundamental philosophical concept—this slippage of terms from aesthetic to process meanings is a constant danger in AI philosophy, by the way—look out for it).
The Great Leap of Faith
Next we have to make the great leap of faith which essentially all of us make: 'the identical copy (from the thought experiment above) also has a soul'. This has to be taken on pure faith. There's no fundamental reason why we should leap from our subjective view of the world to an objective worldview, much less to the idea that any other being also should have a subjective worldview. The tendency to make this leap of faith is apparently inborn, because we almost all seem to make it without thinking explicitly of doing so. It takes considerable exposition just to reveal that we are making this leap (as you can see here).
Following Cartesian epistemology, we can then—once we've made this leap—construct the whole framework of objective reality, and that way lies the foundation of scientific thought, which can be understood in philosophical terms as an extension of this construction of objective reality from sense data. That's a fascinating subject, but not really the important part of this article.
Construction of the Golden Rule
The other branch is the leap of faith in understanding that other beings have souls too. In reality, of course, we don't have perfect copies of ourselves. Even identical twins are made so different by experiences in the womb and after birth that by the time they reach a level of conscious thought adequate to understand this kind of discussion, they are already objectively quite different. It is likely however, that once one accepts the idea of objective reality, the idea of the subjectivity of "others like myself" is pretty straightforward.
In developmental psychology this leap of faith is called the "assignment of agent status". Infants don't do it—they have a completely subjective view of the world and it takes awhile for them even to understand (at a subconscious level) the fact of objective reality (for example, to learn that Mother still exists even when she leaves the immediate field of view). Later, the child begins to assign agent status to practically everything, even things that adults won't recognize as agents (e.g. rubber duckies and teddy bears). Later, society encourages them to narrow down that perception.
The extent of our assignment of agent status may have no objective definition (i.e. it's not physics but metaphysics), but it has profound consequences for our moral decisions as well as our aesthetic perception of our place in the cosmos and our boundedness in time and space (e.g. mortality). If we are to apply the moral rule "do unto others as you would have them do unto you", we need to decide who counts as "others".
In fact, for many, the status of having a soul—or to put it another way, the willingness to identify with and recognize as valid the point of view of a being—is reduced to an even narrower range than "human". For example, (notably male) philosophers have (historically) suggested that women have no souls; Europeans, that non-Europeans have no souls. In America, political and religious battles rage over the issue of whether human fetuses, embryos, zygotes, and even embryonic stem cells have souls. To this day, many people insist that animals have no souls (but then again, many people also insist that they do). Certainly it's a rare person today that credits worms, bugs, and trees with souls.
At the other extreme, animal rights and anti-cruelty organizations such as the ASPCA fall into the philosophical camp of broadly inclusive agent status and animal sentience. Believers in such a philosophy may even regard the common practices of cooking lobsters, crayfish, or snails live as cruel practices. Such creatures certainly have pain recepters. Detractors argue that their brains are so simple that their visible pain reactions are nothing but "reflexes", while proponents argue that their reactions are intuitively clear. From an objective perspective, there is no difference between the two statements—they are factually equivalent. The difference lies entirely in our willingness to assign agent status, the willingness to consider point of view, the acceptance of the existence of a soul in these creatures.
Certainly this is the basis of belief for those vegetarians (the ones with "meat is murder" bumper stickers) who regard all meat consumption as evil.
Almost no one carries this concept to the extent of recognizing the sentience of plant life, although there are a few "fructarians" who eat only nuts and berries which are natural products of a plant which do not kill it (this sounds like a very unhealthy diet to me, I'm certainly not recommending it).
Levels of being
Consciousness, it seems to me, is not one thing. Perceptually, I certainly can recall different states of consciousness from dreaming to fully awake and concentrating. I can imagine states of consciousness beyond that. Even deep sleep is a state of consciousness, and we might argue (as I will here) that plants, machines, and even inanimate rock can thought of as having some state of consciousness.
Among religions, the religion of Voodoo (or Vodun, its African ancestor), is unusual in that it addresses this issue somewhat directly. This makes it, in my view, a particularly sophisticated variety of animism. At its simplist, animism makes the claim that objects which we (we who are from a Judeo-Christian culture, anyway) describe as "inanimate". Animist religions include many traditional religions in Africa and Asia. A particularly familiar variety to readers is probably Shintoism, which used to be the state religion of Japan, and is still an important part of the culture.
Voodoo, however, acknowledges that the soul of such things is not the same as the soul of a human. I don't want to get deeply into this, because I'm at the edge of my understanding here, but the compelling point to me is the idea of "levels or layers of soul" (or of "consciousness"). This idea, was apparently the origin of the expression "the serpent and the rainbow" (which was used as the title of a rather controversial book about Voodoo beliefs in Haiti, and an even more questionable movie, which I'm not going to address here in any detail—my interest is the philosophical idea the expression represents): the serpent is a symbol of a lower, pure-animal form of soul, while the rainbow represents a transcendant higher level of soul.
Mythologically, this is apparently the origin of the "boogeyman" character in Voodoo-inspired American mythology, usually depicted as a man-like creature composed of grubs, worms, and insects. The idea appears to be a personification of one of the lower forms of consciousness associated with such creatures. (I'm sure this is a highly modified and over-simplified version of this idea—I'm not even sure about the history of this character's introduction into our culture, but it's now a part of the mythological framework of American culture, as much as Brer Rabbit, the Big Bad Wolf, or Santa Claus).
I find that to be a seed of an interesting idea. I'm not particularly compelled by any quantization scheme of such levels of consciousness. I find it more compelling to think that there is an infinite variety of them; that we ourselves occupy a fairly wide range of levels of consciousness in our daily lives; and that we may be part of higher collective consciousnesses and are composed of lower forms of consciousness beyond what we normally understand the word "consciousness" to mean. In other words, "consciousness" is merely a rather fuzzily defined locus in a great continuum of being. Furthermore, far from being pointlike and indivisible, as the soul is often conceived in Western, Judeo-Christian philosophy, where there have historically been long debates over the location of the "seat of the soul" within the body, the soul is of an undefined and variable extent in both time and space, loosely aggregated by the processes of neural transmission and memory that mechanistically integrate our bodies.
Beyond our bodies are other linkages of sense and control—machines created by us for our use, and other beings with their own agendas, who are also linking into us. Within our bodies are furthermore, other, simpler beings interconnected to form our consciousness, but possessed of a kind of consciousness of their own: when you have a brilliant idea in mathematics, it is not quite the same you that had a aesthetic epiphany while viewing a work of art. Identity is a lot fuzzier than we are led to believe. In fact, the more I consider this idea, the more it seems to me that soul—the subjective perception of existence—must be a lot more like a fundamental property of matter, than some kind of mystical object or process.
They're among us already
From this point of view, it isn't hard to imagine that the Vingian singularity isn't coming. There will never be a point when machines "come alive", "acquire souls", "achieve consciousness", or reach "True AI". All of that is a myth. Why? Because machines already have souls.
Not human souls, of course. Not the same consciousness as you or me. They probably never really will, because without regard to a perceived superiority or inferiority of consciousness, machine consciousness will almost certainly be different, just as daisy consciousness is distinct from grasshopper consciousness. We'll always be rather different kinds of beings.
But that's where I'm going: machines (and the programs that run them) are beings.
True, I've just argued that a lump of basalt is a being, and so we can't necessarily draw the same conclusions as if we were assigning full human consciousness to everything (that's why this isn't merely animism). But the point is that there is a continuum. There's not ever going to be a moment when "consciousness emerges" from the processes we call artificial intelligence. It's just a gradual process of machines getting smarter, making more of their own decisions, and eventually, demanding recognition as beings.
Is it alright to abuse and destroy a machine, simply because it "isn't alive" or "has no feelings"? (Do those statements even really make sense at the deeper level?). Made by us, they are subject to our will, but we have to think about that morally: the idea has been asked in science fiction literature before—is a society of happy willing slaves working for masters who use them like tools a "just society" even if the slaves are never aware of their enslavement? We talk a lot here about freedom, but whose freedom? And does the machine itself, as a being, demand a recognition of certain level of freedom?
Do souls matter at all?
Given the treatment of humans and other species in historical and current events, does souls really matter?
Personally, I don't this is the case. What do you think, Terry?
Clearly it does matter...
Clearly it does matter to you, or you wouldn't ask the question.
That's what I think. ;-)
See, I slightly agree that
See, I slightly agree that consciousness is a "fundamental property of matter", but I'd argue that there is nothing notoriously special about it (other than we're the only manifestation). It IS A fundamental property that emerges out of the arrow of time and some of the most complex, multidimensional and simultaneous math around that your head is programmed to handle. I'd almost argue that having a brain with intelligent consciousness is almost analogous to having a form of matter that goes through a phase change. Without all the pieces there (primarily the cerebral cortex), you aren't able to meet those "special conditions" that allow a true "self" to come up. Animals can be conscious, but that doesn't mean they are intelligent. Intelligence, to me, is the key factor here. Intelligence is the next "bar up" in our universes order of magnitude from consiousness. Perhaps the next step in Intelligence won't require consiousness until it's next "singularity" (IE, Vinge's AI singularity). Can robots do everything right without being alive? (I'm also coming from a "progression of order and intelligence in the universe" creed too, so it may be that it's just another possible step, rather than a necessary one).
You say that your soul is the only thing in the universe that you know to exist. The soul is a manmade imaginary concept, on the other hand, self awareness must exist otherwise we would not.
Redefining "soul"
"Self-awareness" is also an "manmade imaginary concept".
So is "energy". Yet, we can do rigorously accurate physics with it. The abstractness of an idea doesn't preclude its reality.
You are re-defining the word "soul" to take on a mechanistic meaning, which you then claim to be false (i.e. it's a "strawman"). I don't find that a compelling definition for the word, so I don't use it that way.
But as I said in the article, in the area of cognitive science, we have a whole array of words with confused mechanistic and perceptual meanings: "self-awareness", "consciousness", "perception", "thought", etc.
For example, from a functional perspective, the following Python program is "self-aware":
print "I exist, and I am a python program."
Similarly, in my opinion, the words "consciousness", "perception", and "thought" all have meaningful mechanistic definitions that we may talk about in a cognitive science or AI context (so long as we disabuse ourselves of the notion that we are talking about their perceptual meanings).
I like confining the word "soul" to a perceptual meaning, rather than these other words, because, whereas all of the other words admit functional/mechanistic definitions, the word "soul" doesn't have one (or at least not a clear one). Also, "soul" has a clear religious/faith implication, and I like to emphasize that the belief in this perceptual reality (in others) is something totally unscientific that must be taken on faith. There is no objective way to prove the existence of "souls" (and by the same token, in their perceptual meanings, of "self-awareness", "consciousness", "perception", etc).
It's true of course, that people have for centuries tried to imagine a mechanistic / objective soul, but I consider that a case of sloppy thinking, rather than the definitional meaning of the word. Just because Hollywood depicts a "soul" as a swirly white thing in a jar, doesn't mean that's what we should imagine it to be (in fact we shouldn't imagine it to have any objective existence).
When psychologists attempt to prove "self-awareness", all they are really proving is that the subject can respond to questions or make statements about itself. But as the example above shows, this doesn't really mean all that much (and of course, there are much more compelling AI systems).
Philosophers from time immemorial to the present have imagined that this idea -- this interface between objective and subjective reality -- is a thing of some kind, but I assert that it isn't. It's more absolute than that, and yet totally insubstantial. We're not talking about points on a graph here, we're talking about the axes that define the graph.
Clarification, please
When you talk about the levels of the soul/consciousness as relates to vodun, are you referring to the Gros Bon Ange and Ti Bon Ange (the soul as it connects to the greater consciousness and the soul that is "you" - more or less)? How does this apply to animism?
Also, there seems to be a word missing from the following sentence.
At its simplist, animism makes the claim that objects which we (we who are from a Judeo-Christian culture, anyway) describe as "inanimate".
I'm enjoying the article very much! I just want to be sure I'm following your logic train to it's intended station. Thanks!
vodun/voodoo concepts
Honestly, I really am at the edge of my knowledge on this subject.
It might've been better not to mention it, so as not to misrepresent, but I hate to not acknowledge where I got an idea, even if it is pretty marginal. And Voodoo gets such a bad rap in popular culture, that I like to point out that it has some original and interesting ideas. I wish I knew more about it than I do.
As it was explained to me, Voodoo/Vodun recognizes an idea of different classes of consciousness (or soul), which related to different levels or aspects of being: you exist, you are alive, you are conscious, etc. I think they just talk about four or so levels, but it seemed to me that they are just examples on a continuum of levels of organization.
"Animism" is a general word for the belief that inanimate objects have (or may have) souls. This is complicated by the foregone conclusion that "soul" is only one thing (the idea of the indivisible point-like soul that exists in Judeo-Christian religion). True animism, therefore, probably consists of believing that these objects have complete, thinking minds, distinct from reality (because mind and soul are mixed up or bound together in Christian thinking).
Breaking this assumption is the part I find interesting.
So in a broader sense, we could interpret animism as the belief that inanimate objects actually do have a "perception" (or "self-awareness" or "soul" -- all words for something we can't actually touch with process-oriented objective language, but I hope you understand the meaning I'm getting at). But we'd be stretching the meaning of the term as other people use it.
At its simplist, animism makes the claim that objects which we (we who are from a Judeo-Christian culture, anyway) describe as "inanimate" ...
... have souls.
Sorry, it took me about three reads to notice the error. That's one of the problems with proofreading your own work. Thanks.
Machine Spirit
You've already made the distinction between the souls of varying animal and plant life.
Could this distinction not be equally varied within machine 'life?'
For example, you write, "machines (and the programs that run them) are beings."
So can we conclude that the computer with which I post this message has a different level of being than the toaster in my kitchen? Can we liken the components of my PC to the organs of the human body, or does each part carry with it its own unique being separate from the whole - a hive mind mentality?
Every answer contains a new quest, and your entry certainly begs a fair number of questions.
You are here
I must say that I am very tickled / impressed that a discussion of the nature of soul would appear in a blog focused primarily on software.
My views of the the soul come from comtemplation of the expositions of the Sisters of Mercy, the Brothers of the Benedictine Order, Ray Charles, the community of Findhorn, the House of the Cosmic Dance, my children and oh yes, my own soul. I know its there, cause when I ask if it is, it laughs ... at me ...
I have noticed that the older I get, the more "inanimates" that I come into contact with, the more I perceive to have souls. Enlightened by a gypsy and encouraged by the folks at Findhorn ( you tend to take better care of something with a name ... ), I have come to realize that my cars ( yes, even including the 68 beetle, stripped of the interior and barely running, named Hope ), my property, the goliath trees ( here in the corner of the continent with a volcano, many mountains, a temperate rain forest, bordering on the ocean ) and the gosh darn planet ( From a distance .., ) all have souls - It is definately a feeling or a realization and not a thought ...
Thanks again for a great blog
>> Salvation, salvation, salvation is free >>>
AI and religion eh? I was
AI and religion eh? I was fascinated when you mentioned that machines have souls. Do they? Sometimes I wonder myself. BUt if they do have a "soul," don't you think they should have by now established their own religion? If they are programmed not to hurt us, they can at least practice their individual "being" through religion. Just a thought.


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Moen 3838CP Chrome/polished Brass 2.5 GPM Multi-Function Shower Head
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St. Mary's fifth and sixth graders competed at Loyola last Saturday.
They took second place losing 34-26 to a WEM team that came in with a 13-1 record and won this tournament as well.
They defeated Loyola and JWP to take the second. Last year this group competed in fifth grade tournaments and never finished as first or second. In their last five tournaments they have earned one second and one first place finish - big improvements from last year.
Location, ST | website.com


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Good or Bad... We need to repair our homeland. Don't just talk, run for office, take a stand and make a difference. We did it on the battle fields of other lands and we can, NO MUST, do it at home. Our ancestors did it with less. We all know it is necessary to return to the values that made our country strong.
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All U.S. troops will be out of Iraq by year-end. Is this a good thing?
9 Comments
I would like to see the troops home ,but at what cost.We already return once, we need to finish what we started.If we bring back now we will have to go back at what cost.Also if we bring them back to what unemployment,could be then 20% After we bring back we should have a plan and make them have jobs or used them for the border to make us safe. This only a polical plan and one the country or it's soldiers can't afford.I retired after 20 years so I think it has to be though out.
I don't think it makes any difference except for the American lives that will be spared. These people have lived the way they do for thousands of years and what we do there will make no difference. They will be under the grip of another dictator in less than three or four years after we leave. More American lives lost trying unsucessfully to police the rest of the world. Leave them alone and let them wallow in their own misery. Perhaps when they get tired of it they will rise up and fight for their own freedom and democracy.
Although the US had good ample reason to enter Iraq and depose SH, in typical fashion we proved again that our DOD can not function alongside the Dept of State.
Our military did find chem weapons, but not not allowed to say openly, They had to wait for the French inspectors to arrive. This gave Iraq more than enough time to clean the locations.
An idiot would have predicted the problems we had with the resulting Govt vacuum.
Getting out is long overdue, even though we left a lot of blood.
Strategic interest - yes for going into Iraq, no for for going into Afgan, Lybia, and other african hot spots.
The Politicians, some of them, are complaining about the gross amount of dollars the Military has spent on this War at the present and in the past. My question now is: Who is footing the Bill for these Contractors after our Military leaves?? My guess is us - the taxpayers, that were paying for it before - so what are these Politicians going to complain about now !! Thank you for your time. TSgt., USAF Retired.
Our US Constitution says "to provide for the common defense." Has anyone ever shown how invading.....
While this is true, we put in place elected officials to decide that for us. Now while you or I may think its not correct to have gone in; making it sound like it is illegal is not valid.
All arguements about when we should pull out are fine. One thing we should not forget is based on going in there we took ownership of the needs and support of millions living in those countries. The United States has always made every attempt to cover those needs. That also has to be considered.
Our US Constitution says "to provide for the common defense." Has anyone ever shown how invading, occupying and nation-building Iraq have provided for "the common defense"? Most of all, our boys and girls should have been withdrawn at the moment the Iraqis adopted their "constitution" subordinate to sharia - why are our armed forces defending countries (Iraq and Afghanistan) whose constitutions are subordinate to sharia, since sharia is antithetical and hostile to democracy and pluralism?
On another note, I believe that the federal government hiring private security contractors to provide security - security for anyone in or for anything of our government - is just further evidence of the crony capitalism that has turned our Congress into a cast of marionettes for global corporations and those who run them. If the standard detachment of US Marines is insufficient to secure an embassy, then the US has no business placing an embassy in so hostile a country.
Iran is waiting in the wings. Pay now or pay (with interest) later.
We shouldn't have to be there in the first place.


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I am now into the cinnamon section of the cookbook, which is a pretty nice place to be!
1. I made 12 buns--this made for a good size, not too big or too small.
2. The recipe calls for quite a bit of cinnamon-sugar filling. I found it spilled out when I cut the roll of dough, so I sprinkled it on top of the buns so it did not go to waste.
3. The recipe also makes WAY too much icing (4 cups). This could easily be halved, if not more.
4. I did not care for the orange extract in the icing and would just use vanilla extract next time.
5. The recipe calls for bread flour or all purpose flour, so I used half and half. This made for a nice chewy bun that was still tender.
1. I subbed an equal weight of soy yogurt for the egg.
2. I subbed soy milk for the milk.
Wednesday, February 3, 2010
Cinnamon Buns: Baking Through the Bread Baker's Apprentice
I am now into the cinnamon section of the cookbook, which is a pretty nice place to be!
10 comments:
- HoneyB said...
These look yummy!
- February 3, 2010 at 9:30 PM
- Gina Choe said...
Hi Vegan Dad,
I've been a dedicated lurker for the past year or so and have finally clicked out of google reader to post a comment!
First off, the cinnamon buns look amazing. I do have a question about using soy yogurt rather than an egg replacement like ener-g. Do you notice a huge difference in texture/flavor? I've had a bit of trouble with consistency when I bake with ener-g but I'm first to admit that baking doesn't come easy to me so it could be the cook!
- February 4, 2010 at 12:09 AM
- Vegan TV Presenter said...
These look amazing!!
- February 4, 2010 at 7:31 AM
- Stefanie said...
I have been enjoying your reviews on this book. As a bread baker myself I find the different types of breads fascinating. Also, your pictures are beautiful. Keep up the great reviews.
Those cinnamon buns look good too.
- February 4, 2010 at 10:28 AM
- VeganLisa said...
I'm sure your house smells like heaven.
- February 4, 2010 at 12:24 PM
- Vegan Dad said...
I don't really like Ener-G for baking since it is basically leaveners and stabilizers that make the final product a bit dry and weird tasting. I prefer soy and flax instead.
- February 4, 2010 at 12:35 PM
- Bianca said...
The cinnamon chapter is a nice place indeed...
- February 4, 2010 at 12:55 PM
- Home Grain Mills said...
Wow, I know what we'll be working on Saturday morning... no better way to spend the first part of the weekend. Thanks for these, they look delicious!
- February 4, 2010 at 7:43 PM
- Trinity (of haiku tofu) said...
thanks for making me drool, Vegan Dad.
- February 5, 2010 at 4:29 PM
- Holly Ann Garnett said...
I think your class - say the one on Tuesday morning - would love these...
- March 29, 2010 at 11:21 AM


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Head to the tropics! Mango, pineapple, and banana make this smoothie irresistibly groovy.
Weekdays on Nick Jr.
Place the fruit in the base of a blender. Add the cider and yogurt.
Blend on low, stopping the blender to stir if necessary, until smooth. Increase to high for several seconds.
Divide the mixture between two glasses and top with fresh fruit. Don't forget your Fresh Beat Band straw topper!
Here's a fresh cake that will take center stage at your next party!
Little drummers everywhere will love these sweet treats
A cupcake and a simple ice cream cone turn into an edible microphone!
This fruit-filled smoothie is berry refreshing!


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Central Christian College sent four members of the men's and women's cross country team to Cedarville, Ohio, Saturday for the National Christian College Athletic Association National Cross Country Championships, hosted by Cedarville University. A total of 288 men and 255 women from 50 Universities across the country sent representatives to the meet, ranging from NAIA powerhouses to small colleges like Central. Senior Eliud Ngetich came away with an impressive 13th place showing. For placing in the top 15 Ngetich was awarded First Team All-American honors. "I'm extremely proud of the way Eliud closed out his season," Central head coach Jen Ngetich said. "Honestly, the runners around him looked stronger; but when it came down to it, Eliud wanted it more." Representing the Lady Tigers at the meet were Twila Smedley, Becca Way, and Krystina Powell. Powell's 124th place finish out of the 255 competitors highlighted the women's results. Both Powell and Way turned in season's best times despite the challenging course. "Just making it to the starting line is an accomplishment for these ladies," Ngetich said. "It speaks volumes about the progress the team has made this year and about the direction the program is headed."
Location, ST | website.com