text:
1958-03-01 Char-Koosta News
|1 of 4
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
This page
Loading content ...
CHAR-KOOSTA PUBLISHED BY CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES, FLATHEAD AGENCY, MONT. Vol. 2 — No. 5 March, 1958 Law and Order for the Indians In June, last year, senator Case, Democrat S. D. introduced (S-2887, 85th Congress a bill which would extend the John-son-O'Malley act so that Federal payments could be made for the enforcement of state criminal laws within Indian country. The Johnson-O'Malley act authorizes contractual payments to states and local governemental agencies for services rendered to Indians in fields of Health, Education, Agriculture and Welfare. This bill adds to these four fields of service the additional field of state criminal law enforement within Indian reservations when such state laws are applicable. The Department of Interior report dated December 24, 1957, supports the Case bill so that payments could be made whether any hardship exists on the state or not due the presence of tax exempt land. This could mean bribing the states to take over the jurisdiction authorized by public law 280 without either consent or agreement of the tribes concerned. If part of the cost of the local law enforcement can be borne by the federal government and the handling of such be administered by local of-ifcials, under this bill, the states could assume jurisdiction regardless of what Indian Tribes think. An excerpt from the tne report submitted by the Interior de-interest of both the Indians and non-Indians in the surrounding communities for the states to assume jurisdiction." The report failed to state, however, just what those best interests are. The report does not indicate the amount of funds to be used nor the length of time that federal aid would be forthcoming. Does this mean that the states would assume jurisdiction over taxation of trust property, Fish and Game, etc.? The Tribes concerned should at least be granted the privilege of giving their consent before jurisdiction is assumed by the states. The Flathead Tribes who operate under a constitution, by-laws and federal charter, granted to them in the Indian Reorganization act of June 18,1934, should as well as many other tribes, be permitted to either agree or disagree to a question that so vitally concerns them. The members of the Flathead tribes should take special notice of this type of legislation and realize how it would ma-lirially affect them. Under exisiting law the tribal courts have jurisdiction over Indians committing crimes within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation, with the exception of the Ten Major crimes, over which the Federal courts have jurisdiction. The state or county does not have jurisdiction over Indians who commit crimes within the reservation. On the Flathead and many other Reservations the local law enforcement officials are granted authority by the Fed- eral Government and the tribal Councils to enter upon trust land for the purpose or arresting members of the tibes. This authority is granted to them through a Federal Police Commission card, issued them by the office of Indian affairs under the approval of the Tribal Council, with the provision that the person arres-ed are remanded to the proper courts. Where the members of the Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes are concerned this would be either the tribal courts or the federal courts, depending upon the nature of the crime committed. The enactment of this bill could result in wide descriminatory practices that would have an adverse effect upon the Indian people concerned. This is supported by record, which is fact, that in Lake county arrests have been and are being made by officials who are in possession of a Federal Commission card but who fail to recognize its limitations and who do not remand the prisoners to the proper court. In cases where Indians are arrested by county officials, they are, in the majority of the cases also tried and sentenced by county officials and serve out their sentences at the expense of the taxpayer. By what legislative authority do these officials impose fines upon people over whom they have no jurisdiction. Does collecting and expending funds that are derived from the unauthorized collection of the fines place those who are responsible in a liable position? On the Flathead reservation tihe number of Indians prisoners, in county jails, always exceed the average that should be imprisoned in proportion to the Indian population as compared to the non-Indian population. This is substantiated by the fact that there are always more Indian prisoners held in the Lake county jail than non-Indians. The vast difference in the Indian and non-Indian population indicates that the situation should be reversed. The Flathead Tribe, under agreement with Lake county, spent 12,000.00 toward the construction of the city jail in Arlee, Montana. The income from fines imposed upon Indian prisoners was to be divided between Lake county and the Tribes. However, after completion of the jail Lake county beat a hot path home with all of the proceeds. The Tribes, have recently, supplemented the salaries of the Arlee and St. Ignatius deputies in the amount of $50 each per month. Also, the Ronan and Hot Springs county deputies still receive $25 each per-month from the tribes for policing Indian populated towns. In addition to paying these expenses the tribes operate their own Law & Order program which requires an annual budget no small amount. If discrimination does not exist why do publications use valuable print space to publicize that the crime was commit- CHAIRMEN MEET — Walter McDonald, right, Confederated Kootenai and Salish Tribal Council chairmen, and Posey Whiteman, left, Crow Tribal Council chairman, shown here at last year's Indian Institute in Missoula, had an opportunity to renew acquaintances at this year's institute When they both were on hand to participate in the various parts of the institute program which was built around Indian youth problems. Resource Notes Something new has been added! We hope to make this column a part of the Char-Koosta from here on. The column will carry items that are of general interest in the field of natural resources. Items will deal with forestry, Christmas trees, SMC, range and other related fields. Occasionally there will be larger articles dealing with specific problems or detailed information that wLU appear elsewhere in the Char-Koosta. We hope that you will let us know of any questions you may have in this field. Those of general interest we will attempt to print and answer. A total of 99 grazing permits have been written to date. Almost all of the permits have been for a three year period. As of the time this column was prepared, March 20th, the lumber market is still very slow. There is some indication of a slight upsurge in the demand for lumber and it is hoped that this spring will see a stronger demand. William Geferler of the Flathead tribe has started logging a small area in the Arlee district. The sale is predominately pine and he hopes to finish about the 1st of May. The Pitts Lumber mill 'at Ravalli has stopped operations temporarily due to a decrease in the demand for their product. The logging crew is also down. Load Limits of 350 lbs. per inch of tire placed on all state highways in this area have caused almost all of the logging operations to cease. As soon as the load limitations are raised, logging will begin on those areas now under contact. Carl Shaddux, Conservationist and Elmer Heisel, Forester are interested in contacting some Allottees who are interested in putting their allotment or part of it into a Christmas Tree Plantation. If you are interested in it and are willing to work at the establishement of a plantation please contact one of them. ted by John Doe the Indian, but when a crime is committed by a non-Indian the same publications does not say that John Doe the Irishman, German or Frenchman committed the crime? This is not being written because of any (political convictions or aspirations. I am neither a recession Republican nor a staunch Democrat, I am an Indian.
Object Description
|1958-03-01 Char-Koosta News
|Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation.
|Salish Indians --Newspapers.; Kutenai Indians --Newspapers.; Pablo (Montana) --Newspapers.; Kootenai Indians
|Law and Order for the Indians; Leasing Regulations Outlined By Flathead Superintendent; Editorially Speaking; How About You?;
|Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Nation
|Date Original
|Date Digital
|Resource Identifier
|Rights Management
|Copyright (c) Salish and Kootenai Federated Tribes, all rights reserved.
|Contributing Institution
|Salish Kootenai College
|D'Arcy McNickle Library
|Vol. 2; No. 5;
|Digitization Specifications
|Digitized at the University of Montana Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library; Scanned as master TIFF using Bookeye 3 scanner at 400 ppi, 8 bit grayscale; Optical Character Recognition with Abbyy FineReader Corporate Edition; Derivatives created using Photoshop CS
Add tags for 1958-03-01 Char-Koosta News
Post a Comment for 1958-03-01 Char-Koosta News


text:
Super. Computer.Learn more Buy
A million apps just for iPad.
Your iPad comes with powerful apps for the things you do every day. The App Store has a million more apps specifically designed for the big, beautiful Retina display of your iPad. Whatever you love to do, there's an iPad app to help you do it.Visit the App Store
Swift Playgrounds
Learn serious code on your iPad. In a seriously fun way.Learn more
iPad mini 4
Mighty. Small.Learn more Buy
You'll get wireless Beats headphones when you buy an eligible Mac, iPad or iPhone for university. And save on a Mac or iPad with Apple education pricing.*Shop now
*Terms apply.
*Terms apply.
A better experience with every touch.
iOS 9 brings key enhancements to the powerful built-in apps you use every day. And new multitasking features help make you even more productive.Learn more
iOS 10. Coming this autumn.See the preview
Compare iPad models.Find the best iPad for you
Or choose a local Pickup Point.Learn more
And free returns.Learn more
iPad for Education
Transform the way you learn, teach and create in the classroom.Learn about iPad in education Shop for Education
iPad for Business
With a wide range of capabilities, iPad will change the way you work.Learn about iPad in business Shop for your business
Get the most from iPad at free in-store workshops.
Sign up for hands-on Apple Store workshops to learn the basics. Or take your iPad skills to the next level.Find a workshop near you

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"It is more important to know what you are willing to die for than for what you'd be willing to kill"
Father Paul Washington (Episcopal clergy)
Source: Late Reverend Paul Washington, friend & mentor, Church of the Advocate, Phila. Pa. Loved his people & ordained the first Episcopal women priests.
Contributed by: Marian
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


text:
NEW: For a prettier blog interface, see the Wordpress version!
Headlines for Sunday:
- Yesterday's Halloween party 01:45
- Daylight savings time 13:03
- Congratulations to the ACM people! 14:27
|@1500 Write introduction for lab report
|@1730-1800 Call ING direct regarding account
|Write diyplanner article
|Do kitchen chores
|Read diyplanner forum
|Reply about technical writing and copyediting
|Check out Alain's blog at alaindesilets.blogspot.com
|Write one gazillion Halloween cards
|Write a few thank-you cards
Decorating cookies

Other people decorating cookies

Me in a Japanese ghost costume (or a geisha on a bad hair day)

All the pumpkins

My cute pumpkin

My witch pumpkin (notice the little cat?)

... And I won!

1. Yesterday's Halloween party
2. Daylight savings time
This is just a quick note to remind you that Canada returns to "Standard Time" on the last Sunday of October each year. So at 2:00am on Sunday, October 30th (last night), we re-set our clocks back one hour, to 1:00am (effectively losing one hour of the day). People usually reset their clocks just before going to bed on Saturday night. So when you wake up on Sunday, you have an extra hour to sleep in.
Please note though that with this return to "Standard Time" the early evening hours will now be darker sooner. This is often a dangerous time for pedestrians, because while your routines have not yet changed, the natural light has diminished dramatically, making it more difficult for drivers to see you when crossing streets. So please be extra careful in the evenings. And if you are driving or riding a bicycle, you will also have to be extra careful on Monday evening (Hallowe'en night), because there will be many small children out and they are often not familiar with street traffic dangers. And all of you cyclists should remember that your bikes require front and rear lights when riding at night — it's the law. It is also a very safe and effective way for you to be seen by oncoming road traffic and pedestrians.

E-Mail from Dermot Brennan
3. Congratulations to the ACM people!
|Hong Kong
|1st place, 8 problems.
|Ateneo Linden BoyZ (Mark Punzalan, Allan Espinosa, Topher Rigor)
|3rd place, 7 problems.
I'd love to hear about any questions, comments, suggestions or links that you might have. Your comments will not be posted on this website immediately, but will be e-mailed to me first. You can use this form to get in touch with me, or e-mail me at [email protected] .


text: LATE NEWS UPDATE: The Japanese Bon Odori Dance Video 2007 was selected as "Multimedia Feature of the Week" on Bowienet the official website of Mr. David Bowie (2007-08-06). This is the 18th time one of Rob Pongi's videos has been featured by David Bowie's official website. You can see the "Japanese Bon Odori Dance Video 2007" by clicking on the Bowienet screen shot below:Asia Entertainment Online Videos And Web TVRob Pongi Blog


text:
This copy is for your personal, noncommercial use only. You can order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers here or use the "Reprints" tool that appears above any article. Order a reprint of this article now.
February 14, 2013
Former Clemson commitment DB Dylan Sumner-Gardner of Mesquite, TX has a new favorite, and it's much closer to his home. Sumner-Gardner said Texas A&M now leads for him. "I like the atmosphere in College Station," he said. "I like the coaches and players and the defense they run." Sumner-Gardner has been to junior days at A&M and Baylor. He is going to Texas February 23rd and will also visit Texas Tech. He talked to Clemson defensive coordinator Brent Venables a week ago. "He called just to catch up and see how everything is going," he said. Sumner-Gardner says while he's favoring A&M, he's by no means closing in on another decision. "I'll probably take it slow and take some official visits," he said. "They (A&M) have a big lead, but not that big a lead because I'm just looking around." Sumner-Gardner said he hopes to get back to Clemson this summer.Tweet
Copyright © 2016 GoUpstate.com — All rights reserved. Restricted use only.


text:
Special to the Journal
The Devils Lake girls golf team finished in ninth place at the West Fargo Invite on Monday Sept. 9 which was held at the Village Green Golf Club.
The Firebirds shot a team toal of 424 on the day.
Mallory Vose led the way for the Firebirds as she shot a team low 89 which was good enough to qualify her for the state meet.
Other members of the team included Katie Brandt (97), Alex Palmer (114), Averi Zeigler (124), and Mattea Vetsch (133).
The Firebirds next action will come Monday, Sept. 16 when they compete in the Fargo Shanley Invite held at the Fargo Country Club.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
New 4-H scrapbooking club gets started
Published: Friday, November 9, 2012 at 9:53 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, November 9, 2012 at 9:53 a.m.
Henderson County 4-H is pleased to announce a new club, 4-H Scrapbooking and Paper Crafting, which is now accepting members.
Sue Janowiak is the 4-H program assistant for Henderson County. 4-H is the youth education program of North Carolina Cooperative Extension, based at North Carolina State and North Carolina A&T State universities.
The organizational leader for the club is Andrea Mullins Clark. Clark was active in Henderson County 4-H in the late '80's and early '90's. Her teen club participated in many volunteer activities during Larry Swabe's tenure as 4-H Agent.
Clark was a state and national winner with her 4-H Cumulative Record. She also served as West District 4-H President. In 1991, she was selected for the highest award any 4-H'er can achieve, 4-H Honor Club.
Clark told 4-H staff, "The best thing about 4-H is public speaking, which helps youth develop leadership abilities." Clark says she has no problem being in front of a group, and credits 4-H for helping her learn this skill.
Asked why she wants to be a 4-H leader, Clark said, "I think 4-H is a fabulous organization for children, and not enough people know about all the opportunities that exist in this program. I also want my own children to benefit from 4-H the same way that I have."
The new club will do mainly scrapbooking along with some card making and seasonal decorations. Children ages 9 and up are welcome to join, but leaders ask that a parent stay with all children between the ages of 9 and 12. Joining 4-H is always free, but scrapbooking club members will need to bring a few personal supplies with them to each meeting.
The first meeting of the new club will be Saturday, Nov. 10 from 10 a.m. to noon. Leaders ask that you bring five to eight pictures of your favorite things and any type of scrapbook adhesive (glue or tape). The adhesive must be archival safe.
The club has space for up to 25 youth. For more information or to reserve your child's place in this club, please call 828-697-4891.
Healing Place workshop
Are you doing all you can to protect your child from sexual abuse? Learn what it really takes to keep kids safe. On Tuesday, Nov. 13 at 7 p.m., 4-H will host a workshop for 4-H parents, volunteers and the public called "Seven Steps to Protecting Children from Sexual Assault."
The workshop will be held at N.C. Cooperative Extension, Henderson County Center, across from the ball fields in Jackson Park, and taught by staff from the Healing Place. Please use this opportunity to learn how to make the world a safer place for all children. RSVP to email@example.com or call 828-697-4891.
4-H Breakfast Bake-Off
The Mills River Community Center will host the 4-H Breakfast Bake-Off Saturday, Nov. 10, at the building, across from Mills River Presbyterian Church on Schoolhouse Road. The entry deadline for participants has passed, but the public is invited to taste the entries and choose their favorites.
The community center will also be selling a big country breakfast ($5 for adults and $3 for children under 12) from 7:30–9:30 a.m.
Shooting sports winners
Congratulations to members of the Young Naturalists 4-H Club for their winnings in the N.C. 4-H State Shoot Sept. 22–23 at Millstone 4-H Center:
Senior Team (ages 14–18): Recurve Archery: second place, Alice and Marta Bloemsma, Tessa Epperson.
Junior Teams (ages 9–13): Recurve Archery and Rifle second place, Connor Keith, Alexander Hedrick, Mathew King.
Individual scores: Luke Maybin, second place junior in rifle; Tatum Epperson, first place junior in rifle.
Thank you to coaches Chip Worrell, Andrew Perry, Danny Maybin, Dale Epperson and Caleb Worrell.
Poster winners
Winning posters were displayed at Farm City Day on Oct. 6. Winners were: ages 9–10, first place, Hope Palmer; second place, Katie Knox; third place, Cassidy Stanley. Ages 11–13, first place, Emma Shirlin. Ages 14–18, third place, Victoria Muniz.
Winners received cash awards of $20, $15 and $10. Thank you to Fred Pittillo of Turf Mountain Sod for sponsoring this contest.
Sue Janowiak is the 4-H Program Assistant for Henderson County. 4-H is the youth education program of North Carolina Cooperative Extension, based at North Carolina State and North Carolina A&T State Universities. For more information about 4-H, visit Henderson.ces.ncsu.edu/4-H.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Here are the thoughts of some former athletes and experts in the field on sports and concussions:
"We're not trying to say, 'Hate on football.' But we're saying everyone should be educated about the potential of concussion injuries, how to recognize them, and don't allow athletes to return to play when they occur. We have to go further to protect our young men and women on the athletic playing field."
-- Dr. Cindy Chang, a UC Berkeley sports medicine specialist
"It's hard to say that any of this is helping, but I'm doing everything I can to get a little bit better. I'm trying my best to get my family back in a house. We've lost everything. I've lost my business, my home. Welcome to the repercussions of playing in the NFL."
-- Former 49er George Visger, 54, who is receiving treatment for frontal lobe dementia
"I tell people not to get too paranoid because we're all going to bang our heads, and our heads are reasonably well protected inside our skull. But no head trauma is good for the brain. So whenever possible, let's eliminate it. Let's practice football in a way where you don't bang heads. More than 50 percent of head trauma can be taken out of football just by practicing smart."
-- Dr. Robert Cantu, author of "Concussions and Our Kids: America's Leading Expert on How to Protect Young Athletes and Keep Sports Safe"
"The concussion issue in general has become so prevalent. It stems from the professional game but down into the college game. The media attention has brought it down to the Pop Warner level. So many people are playing the game everybody wants to know, 'What are the answers here? How do we separate fact from fiction?' "
-- Former 49ers tight end Brent Jones


text:
As a well-known TV celebrity, Jim Cantore is no novice when it comes to speaking to audiences. The Weather Channel reporter/meteorologist appeared completely at ease sitting on a chair in front of a live crowd at the 24th annual Glen Gerberg Weather and Climate Summit in Breckenridge Wednesday night. Beside him sat Dale Eck, the Global Forecast Center director for The Weather Channel and the summit organizer. Throughout the hour-long presentation, the two shared their experiences, going back and forth with various "weather war stories" as though they were chatting over drinks rather in front of the eyes and camera lenses of the audience.
Cantore shared that he'd always enjoyed being outdoors as a kid and has been interested in weather and climate for a long time. He showed several clips of himself reporting in extreme weather. In one clip, ice was freezing over his face even as he spoke. In another, winds of nearly 80 mph blasted sheets of rain that knocked him into a crouching position and roared over the microphone (but not too loud to drown out a joking reference to Tebow).
As the audience gasps and groans in commiseration, Cantore reminds them it's not just him out there in the storm, but also his team of cameramen, producers and others.
"I couldn't do it without the folks behind the scenes," he said.
A few times, Cantore shared, the weather has become so dangerous that he's stopped reporting to help people nearby.
"It's not about the TV anymore, it's about getting people out of harm's way," he said.
Though most of the time Cantore kept up a light-hearted tone, he became more somber and serious when discussing his experiences during Hurricane Katrina. It was the first time he'd met with death in the field, he said, and it impacted him deeply.
"Katrina was definitely tough," he said. "It was hard to leave. I felt like I was abandoning people. It was psychologically hard."
Cantore shared experiences with hurricanes Irene and Isaac and the most recent - Hurricane Sandy. Having already reported on Hurricane Irene, Cantore said he knew the ropes and the ground he stood on before going in, but it still surprised him. He felt concern for the citizens and was relieved when the mayor finally issued a hurricane warning and evacuation orders.
"It was a tough storm; it was unprecedented territory," he said. "There were cars bobbing around ... it was like a movie set, but this is real life going on."
The storms are getting more extreme and the weather and climate are changing, Cantore stated. To him it's clear that human activities are one of the reasons for it. A question from the audience asked what could be done to educate others on this topic.
"This conference has done a lot to help that," Eck replied. He also admitted that he was "one of those meteorologists" that didn't believe in climate change. There's a difference between climatology and meteorology, he explained, which are different sciences with different perspectives. Meteorologists tend to look day by day or week by week, while climatologists will look at sections of thousands of years at a time. The issue climate change also became politicized, which he cites as a reason it's become a difficult topic.
"I just don't think the earth operates like that with so many storms, unless something is changing," Cantore said. "The clues are out there, we just need to pick them up."
He cited data presented by Jennifer Francis at a discussion earlier in the day about the connection between climate change the disappearance of ice in the Arctic sea. As he showed one of her clips showing how the ice has melted and disappeared from years past, the audience gasped and murmured.
"We can sit back and do nothing and wonder if this is all true, or we can do something," Cantore said.
After the discussion, a line of audience members formed to meet Cantore - shake his hand, ask him a few questions, and take a picture.
"I was extremely excited," said Brittony Corneillier, a Breckenridge local, about when she heard Cantore would be speaking. "Jim C is one of our favorite meteorologists." She said she likes him because "he's very straight to the point. He puts himself out there."
During the discussions, both Cantore and Eck noted how climatologists and meteorologists are coming together to discuss these important topics. The word "climate," for instance, was recently added to the summit's title. For Cantore, this coming together is both useful and enjoyable.
"It's the camaraderie, it's meeting and hanging out with my colleagues," he said of his favorite part of the conference. "We're all in this together."


text:
Light up your life or at least your dollhouse with 1/2-inch scale lighting from Houseworks!
This extremely high-quality 12V working lights are perfectly scaled in every detail, down to their delicate, easy to replace bi-pin bulbs. A white plastic shade with gold trim unscrews to allow access for bulb replacement. A plug is included with the light. Uses #H2210 replacement bulbs.
5/8"Dia. x 3/4"H - chain is 1 5/8"L
This light has a bi-pin bulb that, for protection, has not been installed prior to shipping. The bulb is in a small plastic bag attached to the cord. It may be inserted into the socket by placing the wires into the two holes on the socket. Be sure that the wires are straight; they may be trimmed if they are too long.
Scale: 1/24
Assembly Required:
No1/24 scale, also referred to as half-inch scale (or 1/2" scale), means 1/2 inch = 1 foot
miniatures.com is dedicated to bringing you quality items at the best prices, and
we stand behind our products 100 percent. Satisfaction guaranteed. If, for any reason,
you are not completely satisfied with your order from miniatures.com, simply return
it to us within 30 days. We are more than happy to exchange it or provide you with
a credit or refund.


text:
Too Hard!! It should be easy to understand that BBALL officiating is highly inaccurate, to say the least. And that is the way it is! To question many calls, as he did consistently both ways, from his mid-court seat is annoying and detracts from the game. Like offensive holding, something can be called on every play. Always interresting to see blogs of two teams that played each other and both fan bases are convinced they got jobbed!!
this may be of some local interest


text:
For Summit County deputy district attorney Bob Gregory, success in the courtroom isn't always about conviction.
The 33-year-old prosecutor handles misdemeanor and juvenile cases in the Fifth Judicial District, the latter of which sometimes calls for a more creative approach to justice.
"You need to be able to see the big picture," Gregory said. "In the juvenile context, courts really try hard to address the issues that juvenile is coming to court with. There are a lot of resources in the community that we can use (so) a young person still has many opportunities to develop, to grow and to make better decisions."
Under the new leadership of recently elected District Attorney Bruce Brown, who spent the campaign season promising to take a well-rounded approach to cases involving minors, Gregory brings the perspective of a pre-law career working with at-risk youth to the process.
Gregory moved to Colorado after receiving his undergraduate degree in economics and public policy in Indiana. He got his start in Summit County as an intern and then a course director with the Breckenridge Outdoor Education Center.
"There's this idea that the outdoors are so beneficial for these populations," he said. "I started developing this obligation to protect what was there and started thinking about the environment in different ways."
In the fall of 2007 he enrolled in law school at the University of Colorado on an environmental law track, and continued his work with at-risk youth through positions with a YMCA summer camp and a residential facility for kids with substance abuse problems. Over time, his environmental track evolved into a focus on criminal law.
He graduated from law school in 2010, took the bar exam and landed a job with the DA's office handling misdemeanor cases in Summit County in March of 2011.
"I prefer being in the mountains," said Gregory. "I love the idea of being able to go skiing after work or go for a trail run or get above treeline on a weekday.
After two years, he is now one of the longest-standing attorneys in an office populated with new faces after Brown's election in November. At about the same time, Gregory began handling misdemeanor cases, which can include felonies.
Along with the courts and probation, he is now focused on finding solutions for victims, the community and for the kids in the courtroom.
"Restorative justice is an idea that rather than punishing an individual for what they did, you can use other means to compel the adjudicated juvenile to pay the victim back, to resort the wrong that they did," he said. "It causes us as lawyers to think more creatively and think outside the box."
Those solutions include alternative punishments for juveniles on some occasions including community service and other options depending on the situation.
Gregory said he plans to remain in Summit County and hopes to move into more felony prosecution, possibly even seeking election to the office of the district attorney or a judgeship himself someday.
"Long-term what's important for me is to make sure at the end of the day I have that feeling that I did something good for the community," he said. "I'd like to be a prosecutor for a long time."


text:
Whether you are a professional or amateur scientist, engineer or mathematician, if you need to make numerical calculations and plots quickly and easily, then PDL (Perl Data Language) is certainly one of the best free software tools to use. PDL has everything that similar high-level, proprietary, numerical calculation languages (like IDL or MATLAB) have. And it certainly comes with all the features you would expect to have in a numerical calculation package.
In this article, I will explore a fun application of the numerical calculation field: the Mandelbrot fractal. To generate fractals you need to perform several computations and then plot the results. The examples that follow are also simple enough for anyone to follow, but have enough features to get a feel for the language used. For this particular task, high-level, numerical calculation languages are the ideal tool. They provide a rapid development cycle due to its high-level nature. It is also easy to generate quality plots with these tools. And, as you shall see later, the speed performance penalty you pay by using these languages is relatively minor.
The Mandelbrot fractal example reviewed in this article will be developed in both proprietary and free software languages: PDL, IDL, MATLAB and Octave. This will allow us to compare them qualitatively in a table highlighting the pros and cons of each language. Also, a quantitative benchmark comparison will be done to illustrate the speed of each one of the languages. For comparison purposes, C and FORTRAN code for these examples will also be shown.
The Mandelbrot fractal
The Mandelbrot set is one of the most popular fractals
According to Wikipedia, a fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided into parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced size copy of the whole. The Mandelbrot set is one of the most popular fractals. In this article I will color the fractals in a slightly different and artistic way (as seen in figure 1). The Mandelbrot fractal is generated by iterating a mathematical relationship between complex numbers (see Complex Number Arithmetic for a quick introduction to complex numbers). Starting with a zero value of a complex variable (
z), the fractal is materialised by iterating the following assigment:
z = z * z + k,
k is a complex number which is kept constant throughout the iterations. The final value of
z depends very much on the value of the complex number
k. For some values of
k, the final
z converges to a certain finite value and for some others,
z diverges to infinity. To avoid numerical problems with the divergences in the calculations we will introduce a programming trick that consists of constraining the
z values between -5 and 5 after each iteration. In the final fractal image, the x axis will represent the real values of
k and the y axis its imaginary values. In the Mandelbrot fractal, normally the divergent
z values are given one color and the convergent ones another. The frontier between one color and the other is a fractal. Here I will color the images using a rainbow palette to plot the values of the formula:
image = log (sqrt(Re(z) * Re(z) + Im(z) * Im(z)) + 1)
Re and
Im denote the real and imaginary part of
z respectively. The final Madelbrot fractal image can be seen in figure 1.
PDL is an extension of the Perl language for number crunching and scientific plotting
PDL is an extension of the Perl language for number crunching and scientific plotting. Because of its Perl heritage it has the clean syntax of a well settled programming language. You can also use one of the wealth of available module-packages in the Perl archive (CPAN), to use the language for other purposes like database access, date handling, inter-process communication, GUI toolkit, just to name a few.
Installing PDL
Unfortunately, PDL is not installed by default on many of the popular GNU/Linux distributions. Even worse, some distributions have the PDL related packages missing or partly broken. If you are running a GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian (Ubuntu, Knoppix, etc.), and have access to the regular Debian repositories, it is fairly easy to install PDL. You should install the
pgplot5 and
pgperl packages in order to follow the examples in this article. This can be done (as root) via the usual:
apt-get install pdl pgplot5 pgperl
If this is not your case, follow the instructions in [Installing PDL the quick and easy way](http://wiki.jach.hawaii.edu/pdl_wiki-bin/wiki/Getting_Started_with_PDL/Installing_PDL_the quick and easy way).
The PDL command line
Once you have PDL installed you should be able to run it in the command line. For this just type
perldl on a terminal.
It should greet you with a message like:
[email protected]:~$ perldl perlDL shell v1.33 PDL comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. For details, see the file 'COPYING' in the PDL distribution. This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions, see the same file for details. ReadLines, NiceSlice, MultiLines enabled Reading PDL/default.perldlrc... Found docs database /usr/local/lib/perl/5.8.4/PDL/pdldoc.db Type 'help' for online help Type 'demo' for online demos Loaded PDL v2.4.2 perldl>
You can try out now some of PDL features by typing demo after the PDL prompt:
perldl> demo
This will provide you with a list of demos you can try. You should also check that the plotting library you will be using inside PDL is working properly. To do this type:
perldl> demo pgplot
Some nice graphs should appear on your screen. If this is not the case have a look in [Installing PDL the quick and easy way](http://wiki.jach.hawaii.edu/pdl_wiki-bin/wiki/Getting_Started_with_PDL/Installing_PDL_the quick and easy way).
In the next section, I will explain how to generate the Mandelbrot fractal step-by-step using the PDL command line, so you can learn the basics of PDL.
The Mandelbrot fractal with PDL
Perl scalars are usually denoted by a variable name preceded by a dollar sign. These variables can contain only one object which can be a string, a more complex object, or, as is in this particular case, a numerical value,
perldl> $npts=200; perldl> $niter=10;
Here the number of points along the side of the square fractal image and the number of iterations for the Mandelbrot calculation are stored in their respective variables. We can have a look at the contents of these variables with the print function:
perldl> print $npts; 200
The basic building blocks of the PDL language are n-dimensional arrays usually referred to as "piddles". A piddle is stored in a scalar Perl variable, like the real and imaginary part of
$zRe and
perldl> $zRe=zeroes(double,$npts,$npts); perldl> $zIm=zeroes(double,$npts,$npts);
In this case, two-dimensional, double-precision, square arrays of zeroes are generated with the
zeroes function. Its size is given by the
$npts variable.
You can now generate the matrices that will represent the
k constant by using the
xlinvals and
ylinvals functions. These functions assign different values for each column or row respectively within a certain range.
perldl> $kRe=$zRe->xlinvals(-1.5,0.5); perldl> $kIm=$zIm->ylinvals(-1,1);
We can subset the
$kRe and
$kIm matrices with the slice method to have a better feeling of what the
xlinvals and
ylinvals functions do:
perldl> print $kRe->slice('0:4,0:4'); [ [ -1.5 -1.497998 -1.495996 -1.493994 -1.491992] [ -1.5 -1.497998 -1.495996 -1.493994 -1.491992] [ -1.5 -1.497998 -1.495996 -1.493994 -1.491992] [ -1.5 -1.497998 -1.495996 -1.493994 -1.491992] [ -1.5 -1.497998 -1.495996 -1.493994 -1.491992] ] perldl> print $kIm->slice('0:4,0:4'); [ [ -1 -1 -1 -1 -1] [ -0.997998 -0.997998 -0.997998 -0.997998 -0.997998] [ -0.995996 -0.995996 -0.995996 -0.995996 -0.995996] [-0.99399399 -0.99399399 -0.99399399 -0.99399399 -0.99399399] [-0.99199199 -0.99199199 -0.99199199 -0.99199199 -0.99199199] ]
You can now start a loop to make
$niter iterations on the numerical calculations. The syntax of loops in Perl is very similar to the C language one:
perldl> for($j=0;$j<$niter;$j++){
The PDL prompt will change to:
..{ >
The meaning of which is that it is expecting you to introduce at some point the end of the loop.
Mathematical operations between piddles are usually performed on an element per element basis. This happens when both piddles have exactly the same dimensions. So, if you multiply or add several piddles of the same size, these operations will be performed element per element and the end result will be assigned to a matrix the same size as the original ones. You can use this property to make the iterations required for the Mandelbrot set (
z = z * z + k), which, when split into real and imaginary parts, looks like(see Complex Number Arithmetic):
..{ > $qRe=$zRe*$zRe-$zIm*$zIm+$kRe; ..{ > $qIm=2*$zRe*$zIm+$kIm;
You should next apply the trick of constraining the values between -5 and 5 after each iteration, this is done in PDL using the clip function:
..{ > $zRe=$qRe->clip(-5,5); ..{ > $zIm=$qIm->clip(-5,5);
And now introduce the end of the loop:
..{ > }
The calculations will take a few seconds on a relatively modern PC. When the computations are finished the PDL prompt will appear again.
Perl is a modular language with the possibility of loading other modules if needed. To plot the fractal you'll need to load two modules with the use statement:
perldl> use PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window; perldl> use PDL::Graphics::LUT;
You can now open a window for plotting:
perldl> $w=PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new(Device=>'/xserve');
If everything works perfectly, an empty window should show up on your screen. You can now select a color palette and calculate the final image:
perldl> $w->ctab( lut_data('rainbow2') ); perldl> $image=log( sqrt($zRe**2+$zIm**2) + 1);
Now you are finally ready to plot the Mandelbrot fractal:
perldl> $w->imag($image);
An image similar to the one in figure 1 should show up. As you have seen, making numerical calculations in PDL is easy and straightforward. Making plots of your data is also a breeze.
All these PDL statements, which you have just seen, can be compiled in a Perl program called
mandel.pl, which appears in the listing below.
#!/usr/bin/env perl # PDL code to generate a Mandelbrot fractal use PDL; use PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window; use PDL::Graphics::LUT; # Number of points in side of image and # number of iterations in the Mandelbrot # fractal calculation $npts=1000; $niter=51; # Generating z = 0 (real and # imaginary part) $zRe=zeroes(double,$npts,$npts); $zIm=zeroes(double,$npts,$npts); # Generating the constant k (real and # imaginary part) $kRe=$zRe->xlinvals(-1.5,0.5); $kIm=$zIm->ylinvals(-1,1); # Iterating print "Calculating Mandel\n"; for($j=0;$j<$niter;$j++){ # Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space # q is a temporary variable to store the result $qRe=$zRe*$zRe-$zIm*$zIm+$kRe; $qIm=2*$zRe*$zIm+$kIm; # Assigning the q values to z constraining between # -5 and 5 to avoid numerical divergences $zRe=$qRe->clip(-5,5); $zIm=$qIm->clip(-5,5); } # Lines below this one are commented out when making # the benchmark. # Generating plot print "Generating plot\n"; # Opening a window for plotting $w=PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new(Device=>'/xserve'); # Changing the color palette $w->ctab( lut_data('rainbow2') ); # Generating the image to plot $image=log( sqrt($zRe**2+$zIm**2) + 1); # Plotting the image $w->imag($image);
Zooming into the Mandelbrot fractal
It is now very easy to zoom into the Mandelbrot fractal by "zooming" into the initial
k values. You can achieve this by changing the initial
k assignment to:
# Generating the constant k $kRe=$zRe->xlinvals(0.34,0.44); $kIm=$zIm->ylinvals(0.29,0.39);
The result is shown in figure 2.
More on PDL
There is more to PDL than what you have just seen here. One of the features that makes it powerful and sets it apart from other languages, is the behaviour of the mathematical operators when the matrices involved do not have the same dimensions. These properties are fairly well described in the PDL indexing manual page and will not be discussed in detail here.
Another important feature is the many functions it has for manipulating array sizes and contents. We have seen some of them like
zeroes and
xlinvals, but there are many others that make array programming life much easier than with other equivalent languages.
There are some excellent introductions to PDL. Some of them are listed in the bibliography.
But it's time now to look at the competition.
IDL is a proprietary and certainly not free number-crunching-oriented language very similar to PDL
IDL is a proprietary and certainly not free number-crunching-oriented language very similar to PDL. The mathematical operators are mainly used on an element per element basis like PDL. Although, naturally, other types of operations exist, like matrix multiplication. The IDL version of the Mandelbrot program is shown in the listing below. The comments in the code listing give an explanation of its contents.
pro mandel ; IDL code to generate a Mandelbrot fractal ; Number of points in side of image and ; number of iterations in the Mandelbrot ; fractal calculation npts=1000 niter=51 ; Generating z = 0 (real and ; imaginary part) zRe=dblarr(npts,npts) zIm=dblarr(npts,npts) ; Generating the constant k (real and ; imaginary part) a=dindgen(npts,npts) kRe=a mod npts kIm=float(floor(a/npts)) kRe=kRe*2.0/(npts-1.)-1.5 kIm=kIm*2.0/(npts-1.)-1 ; Iterating print,"Calculating Mandel" for j=1,niter do begin ; Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space ; q is a temporary variable to store the result qRe=zRe*zRe-zIm*zIm+kRe qIm=2*zRe*zIm+kIm ; Assigning the q values to z constraining between ; -5 and 5 to avoid numerical divergences zRe = qRe < 5 zRe = zRe > (-5.) zIm = qIm < 5 zIm = zIm > (-5.) end ; Lines below this one are commented out when making ; the benchmark. ; Generating plot print,"Generating plot" ; Opening a window for plotting device,decomposed=0,retain=2 Window,0,Xsize=400,Ysize=400 ; Generating the image to plot image=alog( sqrt(Re^2+Im^2) + 1) ; Plotting the image tvscl,image end
MATLAB is a proprietary language mainly targeted at mathematical calculations
MATLAB is a proprietary language mainly targeted at mathematical calculations. It is well suited for two dimensional matrices but can also work efficiently with higher dimensional matrices. It is also, as will be shown in the benchmarks, a relatively slow executing language. One of its advantages being that it has a huge number of easy to use mathematical functions available, from ordinary differential equation solving, to minimisation problems, etc. In the following listing you can see the Mandelbrot program in MATLAB with comments explaining the code.
% MATLAB and Octave code to generate a Mandelbrot fractal % Number of points in side of image and % number of iterations in the Mandelbrot % fractal calculation npts=1000; niter=51; % Generating z = 0 (real and % imaginary part) zRe=zeros(npts,npts); zIm=zeros(npts,npts); % Generating the constant k (real and % imaginary part) kRe=repmat(linspace(-1.5,0.5,npts),npts,1); kIm=repmat(linspace(-1,1,npts)',1,npts); % Iterating for j=1:niter % Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space % q is a temporary variable to store the result qRe=zRe.*zRe-zIm.*zIm+kRe; qIm=2.*zRe.*zIm+kIm; % Assigning the q values to z constraining between % -5 and 5 to avoid numerical divergences zRe=qRe; qgtfive= find(qRe > 5.); zRe(qgtfive)=5.; qltmfive=find(qRe<-5.); zRe(qltmfive)=-5.; zIm=qIm; hgtfive=find(qIm>5.); zIm(hgtfive)=5.; hltmfive=find(qIm<-5.); zIm(hltmfive)=-5.; end % Lines below this one are commented out when making % the benchmark. % Generating plot % Generating the image to plot ima=log( sqrt(zRe.*zRe+zIm.*zIm) + 1); % Plotting the image imagesc(ima); exit
Octave is a free software clone of MATLAB
Octave is a free software clone of MATLAB. In fact, its main advantage is that it's an almost perfect clone of MATLAB. Some code written for MATLAB will most probably run with very few hitches, if any, in Octave. In fact, the Octave Mandelbrot example is exactly the same as the MATLAB one, shown in the previous MATLAB listing. Being such a perfect MATLAB clone it shares all of MATLAB's advantages and all its disadvantages like its speed. The only exception being its price.
C and FORTRAN77
C and FORTRAN77 are low-level languages, which do not compare well in developing time with the other numerical calculation and plotting languages, but are certainly very fast in execution time. They have been included here for the benchmark comparison just to give an idea of how much slower the high-level languages are by comparison to these low-level, more traditional languages. The following listing shows the Mandelbrot program in C.
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> // Number of points in side of image #define NPTS 1000 int main(void) { double zRe[NPTS][NPTS]; double zIm[NPTS][NPTS]; double kRe[NPTS][NPTS]; double kIm[NPTS][NPTS]; double qRe[NPTS][NPTS]; double qIm[NPTS][NPTS]; long int i,j,k,niter; // Number of iterations in the Mandelbrot // fractal calculation niter=51; for (i=0;i<NPTS;i++) { for (j=0;j<NPTS;j++) { // Generating z = 0 (real and // imaginary part) zRe[i][j]=0.; zIm[i][j]=0.; // Generating the constant k (real and // imaginary part) kRe[i][j]=(double)i*2.0/((double)NPTS-1.)-1.5; kIm[i][j]=(double)j*2.0/((double)NPTS-1.)-1.; } } // Iterating //printf("Calculating Mandel\n"); for(k=0;k<niter;k++){ for (i=0;i<NPTS;i++) { for (j=0;j<NPTS;j++) { // Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space // q is a temporary variable to store the result qRe[i][j]=zRe[i][j]*zRe[i][j]-zIm[i][j]*zIm[i][j]+kRe[i][j]; qIm[i][j]=2.*zRe[i][j]*zIm[i][j]+kIm[i][j]; // Assigning the q values to z constraining between // -5 and 5 to avoid numerical divergences zRe[i][j]=qRe[i][j]; zIm[i][j]=qIm[i][j]; if (zRe[i][j] < -5.) zRe[i][j]=-5.; if (zRe[i][j] > 5.) zRe[i][j]=5.; if (zIm[i][j] < -5.) zIm[i][j]=-5.; if (zIm[i][j] > 5.) zIm[i][j]=5.; } } } // Lines below this one are commented out when making // the benchmark. // Writing image to STDOUT for (i=0;i<NPTS;i++) { for (j=0;j<NPTS;j++) { printf("%f ",log( sqrt(zRe[i][j]*zRe[i][j]+zIm[i][j]*zIm[i][j]) + 1.)); } printf("\n"); } }
The listing in FORTRAN is shown below.
program mandel ! FORTRAN77 code to generate a Mandelbrot fractal implicit none integer npts ! Number of points in side of image parameter (npts=1000) real*8 zRe(npts,npts) real*8 zIm(npts,npts) real*8 kRe(npts,npts) real*8 kIm(npts,npts) real*8 qRe(npts,npts) real*8 qIm(npts,npts) integer i,j,k,niter ! Number of iterations in the Mandelbrot ! fractal calculation niter=51 do j=1,npts do i=1,npts ! Generating z = 0 (real and ! imaginary part) zRe(i,j)=0. zIm(i,j)=0. ! Generating the constant k (real and ! imaginary part) kRe(i,j)=dble(i)*2.0/(dble(npts)-1.)-1.5 kIm(i,j)=dble(j)*2.0/(dble(npts)-1.)-1. enddo enddo ! Iterating ! print *,"Calculating Mandel" do k=1,niter do j=1,npts do i=1,npts ! Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space ! q is a temporary variable to store the result qRe(i,j)=zRe(i,j)*zRe(i,j)-zIm(i,j)*zIm(i,j)+kRe(i,j); qIm(i,j)=2.*zRe(i,j)*zIm(i,j)+kIm(i,j); ! Assigning the q values to z constraining between ! -5 and 5 to avoid numerical divergences zRe(i,j)=qRe(i,j); zIm(i,j)=qIm(i,j); if (zRe(i,j) < -5.) zRe(i,j)=-5.; if (zRe(i,j) > 5.) zRe(i,j)=5.; if (zIm(i,j) < -5.) zIm(i,j)=-5.; if (zIm(i,j) > 5.) zIm(i,j)=5.; enddo enddo enddo ! Lines below this one are commented out when making ! the benchmark. ! Writing image to STDOUT do i=1,npts do j=1,npts print *,log( sqrt(zRe(i,j)*zRe(i,j)+zIm(i,j)*zIm(i,j)) + 1.) enddo enddo end program mandel
Qualitative comparison table
Table 1 below summarises the qualitative aspects mentioned in the previous sections.
Explanations for the table columns are:
- Language: the name of the language.
- Version: the version number of the language used in the benchmark test.
- Flags: compilation flags or command line switches used in the benchmark test.
- High-level: whether the language is a high-level, array-oriented, numerical calculation language or not.
- Syntax: the consistency of the syntax for the language statements and availability of array manipulation functions to avoid loops on array indices.
- Math and I/O functions: availability of mathematical functions and scientific file format reading functions.
- Price: free software or highly priced.
|High level
|Math and I/O functions
|gcc 3.3.5 20050117 (pre-release)
|gcc version 3.3.5 20050117 (pre-release)
|6.2 linux x86 m32
|126.96.36.199 (R14) Service Pack 3
|-nodisplay -nojvm
|2.1.64 (i686-Suse-Linux)
Benchmarks are a tricky business
Benchmarks are a tricky business. This is specially the case for matrix oriented languages like the ones shown here.
Explicit loops through matrix indices or if-statements should be avoided, since these statements can sometimes make the code much slower.
Most of the functions of these languages are very high-level ones, which perform several more or less complex tasks. Choosing some functions over others that globally provide the same numerical result can have a relatively high impact in the benchmark. A clear example is the implementation of the equivalent of the PDL clip function in MATLAB and Octave. Depending on the implementation adopted, one language was faster than the other. In this article, the solution that seems more natural to MATLAB programmers was adopted, but this technique, as seen in figure 3, gives some advantage to MATLAB. Whereas, the other solution (not shown here) gave Octave a slight advantage. Another example is the loop order in the C and FORTRAN languages. If the loop order of the matrix indices (i and j) is reversed a significant performance penalty is obtained.
In any case, this benchmark can serve the purpose of giving an order of magnitude of the execution speeds of each one of the languages, revealing whether they are comparable or not.
The system used was a PC with an Intel Pentium 4 processor running at 2.8GHz, with a cache size of 1024Kb and 512MB of RAM. The operating system was SuSE Linux 9.3 (i586) with kernel version
In this benchmark, I have run the exact code that has been shown in the listings provided in this article, taking into account the following comments:
- Since these are number-crunching languages it seems reasonable to test them with big arrays. To obtain better accuracies in the benchmarks we have iterated the Mandelbrot algorithm many times. Thus, the benchmarks were done with
$niter=1000. This effectively means that the benchmarks are done on 2000 x 2000 arrays and 1000 iterations.
- The plotting routines were not included in the tests, only the number-crunching part. As highlighted in the comments in the code listings, the last lines of the code, which plot the graph, were commented out in the benchmarks.
- To measure the execution time the
timecommand was used. The final result shown in figure 3 is the sum of the system plus user time. To make the comparisons similar, in the case of C and FORTRAN, compilation times of the code has also been added to the final benchmark time. In any case, because of the long time spent in the 1000 iterations, this compilation or start-up time for any of the languages tested is really negligible compared with the total time.
- The particular version of languages and compilation flags is shown in table 1.
High-level, matrix-oriented languages are a useful tool to develop projects with heavy numerical calculations or which require scientific plotting. With them it is relatively easy to obtain fast development cycles. This feature has been illustrated by generating the Mandelbrot fractal.
The qualitative comparison of several of these types of languages (PDL, IDL, MATLAB and Octave) can best be seen in table 1. Needless to say that such a comparison is very subjective.
The benchmarks on the examples (see figure 3) provided here show that some high-level, array-oriented languages like IDL or PDL, when properly coded to avoid array index loops and if statements, are only about three to four times slower than the faster, low-level languages like C or FORTRAN77. MATLAB and Octave perform similarly and they are clearly slower than IDL or PDL.
PDL wins hands down. It provides nearly the same or better capabilities than other more expensive proprietary solutions
From my personal point of view, PDL wins hands down. It provides nearly the same or better capabilities than other more expensive proprietary solutions. In particular, the mathematical and I/O functions provided by PDL are nearly equivalent to the ones from proprietary solutions and, in the case of array manipulation and language syntax, PDL is better. This comparison has no colour when price is considered, free vs. expensive. With PDL you will certainly never get a message like "No license available to run this software", not to mention the risks of basing your programming projects on the decisions of the owners of the proprietary languages.
Very nice article! I've never heard of PDL, though I do computational math (not numerical) everyday. I'm definitely going to find a use for it now.
Matalb and Octave code
Last line in MATLAB and Octave code, i.e., 'exit' causes that Matlab exits; hence, it is not possible to look at this fractal image.
It helps to know the problem you're solving a bit better.
Let me preface this by saying that PDL looks neat. But,
You're iterating over the whole image with every iteration, doing gobs of work for pixels/locations that have diverged. I don't believe that there is any useful information retained by your clamping-to-5 step. (It is pretty, though!) With Mandelbrot, if the distance from the origin is > 2 then divergence to infinity is inevitable. The Mandelbrot set itself is defined as those starting values which never diverge to infinity; I think but am not sure that your clamping makes it impossible to tell even what is in/out of the set.
(( I believe the canonical/typical coloring is based on #-of-iterations-before-divergence for those pixels that diverge and black for those that don't. ))
Here is a patch (sorry about lost whitespace/indenting):
< for(k=0;k < niter;k++){
< for (i=0;i < NPTS;i++) {
< for (j=0;j < NPTS;j++) {
> for (i=0;i < NPTS;i++) {
> for (j=0;j < NPTS;j++) {
> for(k=0;k < niter;k++){
< if (zRe[i][j] < -5.) zRe[i][j]=-5.;
< if (zRe[i][j] > 5.) zRe[i][j]=5.;
< if (zIm[i][j] < -5.) zIm[i][j]=-5.;
< if (zIm[i][j] > 5.) zIm[i][j]=5.;
> if (zRe[i][j]* zRe[i][j] + zIm[i][j]*zIm[i][j] > 4.) // Divergence criteria
> break;
How much improvement? 2000x2000 array of points, 1000 iterations, my laptop/gcc 4.1.2 (Note: I had to add 'static' to the local arrays to make it work):
- Old: 4m46.654s
- New: 0m16.373s
C wins again! ;)
I don't know how to get this speedup effect in any of the "whole-array" approaches/languages. (Probably because I don't know them well at all.) It seems hard to get any effect other than foreach(iteration) { foreach(location in image) { /*..do something.. */ } } ; with this order of operations there's no way to bail out of iterations early at diverging locations.
I would speculate that, for this problem, plain old perl would be faster than your PDL approach... ;)
Poor matlab/octave implementation
If you replace the lines like
qgtfive= find(qRe > 5.);
at least in Octave the code is about twice as fast. I believe the same indexing trick can be used in recent versions of matlab as well. You are basically getting your speed improvement from the PDL clip function.
Dan, Something like
Something like
function z = mandel
[kRe,kIm] = meshgrid(linspace(-1.5,.5,npts),linspace(-1,1,npts));
k = kRe + 1i*kIm;
idx = [1:npts*npts];
while (niter)
z(idx) = z(idx).^ 2 + k(idx);
idx(abs(z(idx))>2) = [];
niter = niter - 1;
will do it for Octave/Matlab. However, at least in Octave the above indexed assignment can be quite expensive, and so the above is actually slower for this example. It might be faster with matlab...
indexed assignment
Hi David and Dan,
Here too, you can avoid indexed assignment by using a logical mask which is much faster in octave.
octave:7> tic; z=mandel(); toc;
Elapsed time is 43.521179 seconds.
octave:8> tic; z2=mandel2(); toc;
Elapsed time is 24.081490 seconds.
octave:9> max(abs(z(:)-z2(:)))
ans = 0
function z = mandel2
[kRe,kIm] = meshgrid(linspace(-1.5,.5,npts),linspace(-1,1,npts));
k = kRe + 1i*kIm;
while (niter)
mask = abs(z) < 2;
z(mask) = z(mask).^ 2 + k(mask);
niter = niter - 1;
That looks like it might work. Do octave/matlab have a way to apply a function to each element of a 2d array? Then the solution becomes very nice and clear, just creating a per-pixel 'mandelbrot' function and then applying it to each element of the (complex) image matrix.
Fortran 95 is a huge improvement over Fortran 77
gcc 4.x now provides for Fortran 90/95, which has a syntax similar to Matlab/Octave. A good Fortran 95 compiler should provide the ease of development of Matlab, with the speed quoted for Fortran 77. While you have the claim that Fortran is not rich in IO & maths functions you omit that there is more maths code in Fortran than in any other language - Netlib and Statlib being two of the best examples. I agree that Fortran is not terribly good for graphical IO.
I think C wins
Personally, i think C wins. I have to be honest and say that as a first approach to explore the problem I use the Matlab that my university provides me, but when it comes to flexibility, control, speed of execution and the ability to share code with my peers at the university, then C is the choice. Needless to say that there are available free paralelization tools to Fortran and C, and even though they need high computer skills, let's face it: if you are coping with mathematical, numerical computation software, high chances are that you are computer skilled.
I know, there's a lot of people (biologists, finance people, etc.) But you should look at the present in science, sneak into the current research journals and note that there's a tendency to people get more and more skilled in performing in silico simulations, coming from very different fields, not only math or computer science.
Nah!, IMHO, C (Fortran, if you like it better) win.
A different c implementation.
Compile with: gcc -lm -lpng mandlebrot.c .I used gcc 4.2.0.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <png.h>
#define NPTS 1000 //=width=height
png_uint_16 img[NPTS][NPTS][3];
void genImg();
void addPixel();
void writePng();
int main(void){ genImg(); writePng(); return 0; }
void genImg() {
int i,j,k,niter;
double zRe, zIm, kRe, kIm, qRe, qIm;
niter=51; // Number of iterations
for (i=0;i<NPTS;i++) {
for (j=0;j<NPTS;j++) {
// Generating z = 0 (real and imaginary part)
// Generating the constant k (real and imaginary part)
for (k=0;k<niter;k++){
// Calculating q = z*z + k in complex space
// q is a temporary variable to store the result
// Assigning the q values to z constraining between
// -10 and 10 to avoid numerical divergences
if (zRe < -10.) zRe=-10.; if (zRe > 10.) zRe=10.; if (zIm < -10.) zIm=-10.; if (zIm > 10.) zIm=10.;
void addPixel(int i, int j, double zRe, double zIm){
img[i][j][0] = (png_uint_16)(sin(log( sqrt(zRe*zRe+zIm*zIm)))*65536);
img[i][j][1] = (png_uint_16)(cos(log( sqrt(zRe*zRe+zIm*zIm)))*65536);
img[i][j][2] = (png_uint_16)(log( sqrt(zRe*zRe+zIm*zIm))*65536);
void writePng(){
FILE *fp = fopen("mandle.png", "wb");
png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)NULL, NULL, NULL);
png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, NPTS, NPTS, 16, PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB, PNG_INTERLACE_NONE, PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT, PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT);
png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
png_set_swap(png_ptr); //big -> little endian
int i; for (i=0;i<NPTS;i++){ png_write_row(png_ptr, (png_bytep)img[i]); }
png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
Other useful linux fractal resources
Well, i know nothing of all this math. How do i get up my brownie points? Here are some interesting Linux fractal resources:
1. A cool open source screensaver which also uses fractal math to do it's thing. (http://electricsheep.org/)
2. Gnofract. The author says he think's it's the best fractal package currently available for Linux. Test it and decide for yourself (http://gnofract4d.sourceforge.net/)
3. For the purists, fractals are about math. For the arty, here's some fun fractal stuff you can do in GIMP (http://gentoo-wiki.com/TIP_GIMP_Fractal_Backgrounds)
4. Fyre is a tool for producing computational artwork based on histograms of iterated chaotic functions. Source is included on the site. (http://fyre.navi.cx/)
Some Remarks
Fortran has a complex data type which would be appropriate here.
Also there is a FOSS implementation of IDL called GNUDL.
An finally R is a very interesting language that has not been looked at in this


text:
PLEASANTON -- Had he chosen to go that direction, Gregg Jefferies knows he could have been a major league coach or manager. He has turned down multiple job offers since retiring as a player in 2000, largely because the vagabond lifestyle didn't suit him. He's a family guy through and through.
The former Serra High of San Mateo star is much more comfortable teaching kids about baseball at his recently opened Gregg Jefferies Sports Academy in Pleasanton than he would be instructing a bunch of big-leaguers who might not listen as closely to what he has to offer.
"When you get in that pro life, you're gone a lot, and it's tough," Jefferies said. "People don't see that. It's a great life, but when I was playing, I missed my oldest son's first words. I missed my daughter's first steps. When she was old enough to know I was leaving, she would stand by the door crying and say, 'Daddy, please don't leave me.'"
Jefferies, 45, has lived in Pleasanton for more than 20 years. He has assisted with Foothill High's baseball program. He has worked at other academies. He has also been a hitting instructor for hire -- the Giants' Brandon Crawford said he worked with Jefferies for an entire offseason.
But Jefferies' dream always was to open his own academy. On Dec. 1, along with business partner and longtime friend Darren Nicholson, Jefferies finally put his name on a 12,000-square-foot baseball storefront and opened the doors.
"A lot of the younger kids who come in here don't even know I was a major league player, but their parents know because they're my age," Jefferies said.
Jefferies wasn't a naturally gifted athlete like one of his Serra predecessors, Barry Bonds. He was a self-made star, a 5-foot-10 firecracker who worked countless hours hitting tennis balls off garbage cans with his father, Rich Jefferies, a former scout for the Chicago Cubs and a legendary assistant at Serra.
Despite his stature, Gregg Jefferies became a first-round pick (No. 20 overall) of the New York Mets, was a two-time Minor League Player of the Year and reached the majors at age 19. For the next 14 years, the switch-hitting infielder played every game like it was his last.
Then one day, he ripped his hamstring running up a baseline, and it was over. A career that included a .289 batting average, 126 home runs and just 348 strikeouts in more than 6,000 at-bats was over at age 32.
"I left a lot on the table because of the way I played," he said. "It cost me -- broken ankle, torn thumb, torn hamstring, I got 40 stitches in my lip once. But I felt I had to play hard because I never thought I was good enough not to."
After his career was cut short, Jefferies couldn't watch baseball for three to four years. It hurt too much. But slowly he worked his way back to the game on the local level, and when Nicholson asked if he wanted to help with a summer travel team Jefferies' son Jake played for, Jefferies jumped at it.
"My first thought was: How is this guy not coaching kids? He's local, he's got great experience and he's not coaching anybody," Nicholson said. "We met and we hit it off about five years ago, and we've been teaching together ever since."
Nicholson, a former vice president of a software company, handles much of the business side of the academy. Jefferies teaches the kids everything he knows about hitting.
"I can't draw up plans to build your house. I can't do your taxes," he said. "The one thing I can do is train your kids to play baseball. I played 14 years at a small size. I wasn't good enough to have bad mechanics or a bad mindset to be successful. That makes for a good instructor. I've never had a kid or parent ask me something that I haven't gone through myself."
The academy has contracted with two Pleasanton Little Leagues and has more than 1,600 youngsters coming in for hourlong sessions each week. Jefferies is usually right in the middle of them.
"His heart is definitely bigger than he is," said Taryn Alexander, the academy's general manager. "He's turned this into a baseball Disneyland."
Gregg Jefferies
Age: 45
Hometown: Born in Burlingame, has lived in Pleasanton for more than 20 years.
Career: Infielder was a first-round pick out of San Mateo's Serra High in 1985. He was a two-time minor league player of the year who made his major league debut with the New York Mets at age 19. He played 14 years in the major leagues for six different teams and batted .289 with 200 career doubles and 126 home runs.
Quote: "My father taught me that good hitting is a street fight; it's you against the pitcher, and I lived by that. I don't tell the little kids that it's a street fight, but I let them know it's a battle."


text:
Log in
Looking for a scientist/doctor familiar with EMFS
View previous topic
View next topic
Strange Famous Forum
The General Forum
Sage Francis
Self Fighteous
Joined: 30 Jun 2002
Posts: 21790
Looking for a scientist/doctor familiar with EMFS
If there is anyone here who knows people involved in the MEDICAL AND/OR SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY who might be familiar with Electromagnetic Field System technology (EMFS), please email me at sage(at)strangefamous.com
This is in regard to alternative medical treatments and I could really use an outside source to verify some claims that I can't discuss publicly just yet.
I have researched as much as I can online. This is my last ditch effort to get in touch with an actual person who can speak with experience or at least full understanding of EMFS. Not looking for so-called mediums, new age gurus, priests, witch doctors or ghost hunters. I would really prefer a scientist if at all possible. An expert in the field of the actual technology.
Thank you
Wed Nov 07, 2012 2:22 pm
Hellen Earth
could be a girl. could be a guy.
Joined: 09 Jan 2003
Posts: 1285
Location: Fitchburg, MA
This isn't much help probably - but recently I was made aware of the phenomen in which heart transplant patients begin to adopt idiosyncrasies from the donor whom they have never met.
It happens pretty consistently apparently. Scientists are starting to think it has something to with information being shared electromagnetically btw the brain and heart.
Sage - if this is about finding water on your property, there are probably easier ways.
Wed Nov 07, 2012 5:22 pm
Plum Puddin'
Joined: 26 May 2008
Posts: 1853
Location: Oztreyleah
you ok Sage?
Wed Nov 07, 2012 5:24 pm
Hellen Earth
could be a girl. could be a guy.
Joined: 09 Jan 2003
Posts: 1285
Location: Fitchburg, MA
I think Sage invented a free energy device.
Wed Nov 07, 2012 5:28 pm
Sage Francis
Self Fighteous
Joined: 30 Jun 2002
Posts: 21790
I'm OK. I don't mean to cause alarm. I'm just hoping to find an expert in the field to provide a testimonial.
If you have any interest in seeing how this discussion is panning out on Facebook:
It's always a lot of fun there.
Wed Nov 07, 2012 6:18 pm
Jump to:
Select a forum
Strange Famous BBS
The General Forum
SFR Artists, Albums & Merch!
Hall of Fame
Social stuff. Political stuff. KNOWMORE
IF YOU WANT TO JOIN THE FORUM, READ THIS 1st
Old Shows. Come meet the ghost of performance past.
All times are GMT - 6 Hours.
The time now is Wed Aug 31, 2016 9:38 pm
Display posts from previous:
All Posts
1 Day
7 Days
2 Weeks
1 Month
3 Months
6 Months
1 Year
Oldest First
Newest First
Powered by phpBB: © 2001
phpBB Group
Template created by
The Fathom
Based on template of
Nick Mahon


text:
Idaho Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 35(a). Physical and Mental Examination of Persons.
When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the parties by stipulaton or the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician, or a qualified mental health professional as defined in section 6-1901, Idaho Code, excluding nurses, if the mental, emotional, or psychological condition of a party is at issue, or to produce for examination the person in the party's custody or legal control. The order may be made only on motion for good cause shown and upon notice to the person to be examined and to all parties and shall specify the time, place, manner, conditions, and scope of the examination, including any tests or procedures to be performed, and the person or persons by whom it is to be performed. Upon giving of reasonable notice to the other parties, the party being examined or the person having custody or legalcontrol of the person being examined, shall have the right to have a representativeof his or her choice present.
(Amended March 31, 1998, effective July 1, 1998; amended March 17, 2006, effective July 1, 2006; amended April 4, 2008, effective July 1, 2008)
Chief Justice Jim Jones
Justice Daniel T. Eismann
Justice Roger S. Burdick
Justice Warren E. Jones
Justice Joel D. Horton
Chief Judge John M. Melanson
Judge Sergio A. Gutierrez
Judge David W. Gratton
Judge Molly J. Huskey
Promoting Openness In The Courts
Do you have suggestions about how we can better serve you?


text:
Friday: Showers likely. High near 62. Low around 54.
Saturday: Scattered showers. High near 61. Low around 53.
Sunday: Scattered showers. High near 63. Low around 54.
Friday: Scattered showers. High near 64. Low around 50.
Saturday: Scattered showers. High near 63. Low around 48.
Sunday: Scattered showers. High near 64. Low around 53.
Friday: Showers likely. High near 47. Low around 33.
Saturday: Scattered showers. High near 47. Low around 33.
Sunday: Showers likely. High near 51. Low around 30.
Friday: Scattered showers mainly after 4 p.m. High near 63. Low around 45.
Saturday: Isolated showers after 10 a.m. High near 62. Low around 47.
Sunday: Scattered showers. High near 65. Low around 38.
Source: National Weather Service
The Redlands Christmas Parade, scheduled for Saturday evening, has more than 100 floats signed up to kick off the city's holiday season.
"By 2 p.m. we should know if we need to postpone the parade," said city spokesman Carl Baker. "If rain does come and doesn't seem like it's going to stop we'll push the event forward to Dec. 8."
Upland's parade, scheduled for 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday, will go on, rain or shine, according to parade coordinator Meagan McLees.
"We are very optimistic that the weather will be on its best behavior for the parade," she said.
Local mountain resorts haven't been greatly affected by the weather this season, but operators are hopeful that will change this weekend.
Brent Randall, 25, of San Bernardino said he spends most of his days off at the mountain resorts in the winter.
"I'm still waiting to try out my new snowboard," said Randall. "I'm like a kid in a candy shop when it comes to snow."
Randall added that he was keeping his fingers crossed for lots of snow to fall at all of the resorts.
Snow Summit in Big Bear Lake is temporarily closed until further notice, according to its website, because of the lack of white powder on the slopes.
But Bear Mountain, also in Big Bear Lake, remained open with full services including snowsports lessons, equipment rentals, food services and the Beach Bar, according to its website.
Chairlift 1, which accesses the Expressway, The Gulch and Lower Park runs, is open, and Chairlift 7 is open for beginners.
Snow coverage is good and the depth averages 18 inches.
"There's been some drizzling and dense fog, one Bear Mountain resort employee said Thursday.
Mountain High is Wrightwood is temporarily closed because of the lack of winter weather.
Rainfall in the Inland Empire measured an average of only five-tenths of an inch overnight Wednesday, according to the National Weather Service, but forecasters expect that to change over the weekend.
Strong, constant rainfall is expected to strike the Inland Empire over the weekend, according to the weather service.
The NWS predicts gusty southwest winds along with areas of rain and dense fog.
The combination of gusty winds, wet roads and limited visibility from fog may make travel difficult in the higher elevations at times.
The CHP advises motorists to reduce their speed in inclement weather.
"When the roads are wet and visibility is low, drivers need to slow down," said CHP Inland Division spokesman Mario Lopez. "The rain brings up oil and debris that have been set in the roads, making them slicker to drive on."
When driving on slick surfaces the braking time is longer and accidents happen, Lopez added.
909-386-3925, @crimeshutterbug


text:
$318.99 $399.00
Our top bar hives are precision milled in Portland, Oregon using Western Red Cedar. The wood is kiln dried, smoothed and full 1" thick on the hive body. Built using all screw construction, our hives provide superior strength and longevity. All components pre-drilled for quick assembly. Ships free to the contiguous 48 states -- international shipping available.
Learn more about our Shipping and Return Policy


text:
Interview with OpenSolaris Enthusiast Octave Orgeron
By chhandomay on Jul 17, 2009
spoke with OpenSolaris
enthusiast and influential blogger Octave Orgeron about the new OpenSolaris 2009.06 release.
Octave is a Systems Architect with more than a decade of
professional experience in designing, deploying and supporting Solaris
solutions for the enterprise. He has been involved with OpenSolaris
since the beginning and actively contributes to the OpenSolaris
Logical Domains (LDoms) community through blog
posts, articles and support.
Octave discussed the new features in OpenSolaris 2009.06 stating "I've found that the desktop integration and increasing amounts of IPS packages to be very helpful and productive for me." Octave also said that Crossbow and Xen have been "of great interest to me" on the virtualization front. However, he claimed the biggest enhancement personally was the SPARC support because of the work and testing he does on the SPARC platform.
Octave also gave his opinion on what the future holds for OpenSolaris, noting that although much of the focus has been on the desktop and user experience, he feels more emphasis needs to be placed on the provisioning, server administration, and support of the SPARC platform. He feels that "doing so will help bring OpenSolaris into the Data Center and help the transition from Solaris 10 to whatever the next product version will be named."
|Octave is currently
writing a
book about Solaris/OpenSolaris LDoms and hopes to keep on
contributing in this area. He also plans to start work on projects to
address system administration needs and concerns with the long-term
goal of helping out with Containers and Xen.
The complete interview with Octave can be found here.


text:
9400 Southwest Freeway
Directions Houston, TX 77074
Sterling McCall Toyota understands that a new Toyota might not fit into your life plans, right now. That's okay. If there's two things we promise never to do, it's to pressure you into doing something you don't want to or send used car buyers home with a sub-par car. Integrity is the name of our game at Sterling McCall Toyota, serving Baytown, Sugar Land and Pasadena TX. If a used car doesn't satisfy our harsh scrutiny, you'll never even see it on our lot. This guarantees you an immaculate collection of only the best gently used cars around.
You can explore our always-up-to date used car inventory online anytime. And, when you're ready to take a test drive, come on down to Sterling McCall Toyota at 9400 Southwest Freeway Houston, Texas for a more telling first-hand experience.
*149 dealer fee extra.
*All Savings are dealer discounts.
*Prices exclude Toyota College Grad and Military Rebates.
All advertised vehicles are subject to actual dealer availability. Certain vehicles listed may not be available, or may have different prices. Prices exclude state tax, license, document preparation fee, smog fee, and finance charges, if applicable. Vehicle option and pricing are subject to change. Prices include all dealer rebates and dealer incentives. Pricing and availability varies by dealership. Please check with your dealer for more information. Prices do not include dealer charges, such as advertising, that can vary by manufacturer or region, or costs for selling, preparing, displaying or financing the vehicle. Images displayed may not be representative of the actual trim level of a vehicle. Colors shown are the most accurate representations available. However, due to the limitations of web and monitor color display, we cannot guarantee that the colors depicted will exactly match the color of the car. Information provided is believed accurate but all specifications, pricing, and availability must be confirmed in writing (directly) with the dealer to be binding. Neither the Dealer nor Dealer.com is responsible for any inaccuracies contained herein and by using this application you the customer acknowledge the foregoing and accept such terms. Price does not include dealer added options.
Picture may not represent actual vehicle. Price varies based on Trim Levels and Options. See Dealer for in-stock inventory & actual selling price. All prices plus tax, title & license with approved credit. MSRP includes delivery, processing, and handling fees. Dealer doc fee $149.00 not included in price. Prices may be different outside of each advertised period and do not necessarily reflect cash price at any other time.


text:
PLEASANTON -- Marshawn Lynch's white Lamborghini was parked well out of sight, but that was about the only thing the Seattle Seahawks running back and former Cal star held back from two dozen teens during a motivational speaking appearance Tuesday.
Lynch and fellow Oakland Tech High grad Josh Johnson, a backup quarterback with the 49ers, sat under the trees on a sunny day outside Pleasanton and encouraged East Bay youngsters to ask for help and seek their own path.
Dressed in a black "Beast Mode" sweat outfit, Lynch, 28, talked comfortably about his own childhood in Oakland, where he could have permanently taken a wrong turn. He explained how he went to Piedmont to steal bicycles and shoplifted from grocery stores as a grammar-school kid. Then things got serious.
After attending a funeral for a neighborhood friend slain at the age of 7, Lynch told himself, "I don't want that to be me."
Still, he struggled in school and tried to hide the fact that he was enrolled in resource classes. Finally, after receiving a recruiting letter from then-Notre Dame coach Tyrone Willingham that he couldn't read because it was written in cursive, Lynch asked for help.
"I would have never imagined going to Cal," he said.
Lynch and Johnson, whose Fam 1st Family Foundation hopes to open a community center in downtown Oakland within a couple years, devoted 90 minutes trying to convince youngsters they can also aspire to big things.
The closest Lynch got to talking football was when he was asked about the feud between Seahawks teammate Richard Sherman and 49ers receiver Michael Crabtree.
"I play offense," he said, deflecting the question with a laugh. "I don't know nothing about that."
Seahawks star and former Cal standout Marshawn Lynch told youths how he redirected his life.


text:
Can you spot the differences??
We can! Amazing how the same company can make the same product in two different countries but one country, in this case the United Kingdom, requires stricter food standards so the product is much healthier than the product in the country without the strict food rules, in this case the United States of America.
Here is the United Kingdom Strawberry Pop Tart and here is the United States Strawberry Pop Tart.
Notice the differences in the food coloring. The American version allows for Yellow 6, Red 40 and Blue 1 but those controversial colors are banned in the United Kingdom so they use natural dyes. Yellow 6, Red 40 and Blue 1 are apart of a group of dyes that are known to cause ADHD, ADD and behavioral problems, check out your labels, you'll be surprised how many products have those colors.


text:
9 year old with cancer
My daughter Trinity is 9 years old. In November we found out she had a tumor in her right lung. Several weeks later, it was dianognosed as a Myofibroblastic tumor. The only course of treatment, we were told, was a drug called remicade. This work for a month and then she began have allergic reactions to the drug. Then she was tested for one potential gene that has rarely showed up in the tumor but could change everything dramatically. On Feb 7th, we found out she tested positive for the ALK gene. We were then informed the Remicade was no longer working to shrink the tumor and the tumor might have grown. Doctors decided it was time to change Treatment methods. Unfortunately there not any known treatments for her cancer and she is about to become part of a clinical trial of a drug pf02340166 in hopes that it will shrink her tumor small enough to resect. Right now the tumor goes throung her lung, pulmonary vein, renal artery, the right bronchcus, and is in the left atrium of her heart. We are driving back and forth to Vanderbilts Children's Hospital from Kingsport quite frequently. I know God has lifted me up and has shown his face and support to me and has told me he is here, but God has told us it is his plan not mine. Per my phone coversation yesterday with doctors, i was told indirectly there is a good chance she might not survive.My world is falling down and i all of God's people and the people who say there is not a God to come together and please pray for my daughter. I know this may be selfish but my daughters are my life. She has a facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/pages/Praying-for-Trinity-Berry/286782388019488


text:
"We must dedicate ourselves to healing those wounds of division that have been reopened so prominently in he last few weeks," Frist said.
Senate Republicans unanimously elected Frist as their new leader during an unprecedented 45-minute conference call among most of the 51-member Senate Republican Caucus, ending a two-week political firestorm that brought down former leader Trent Lott and threatened to derail the GOP's efforts to reach out to minorities.
"I told our colleagues that my intentions are indeed to serve, not be served, so that we together as a group we will be able to capture what is truly remarkable in that wonderful institution called the United States Senate," Frist said.
The 50-year-old Frist, a wealthy heart surgeon, officially becomes Senate majority leader when the GOP takes control of the chamber in January.
More than 40 senators participated in the conference call, and elected Frist unanimously with a voice vote, senators said.
Lott, R-Miss., spoke for more than three minutes, and sounded very gracious and thankful "as enthusiastic as anyone could possibly sound in that circumstance," the source said. Lott offered to do whatever he could to help the new leadership team, the source added.
Extended Web Coverage
Senator Bill Frist, M.D.
Source: http://frist.senate.gov contributed to this report.


text:
Car Makers in India Report Mixed December Results
NEW DELHI—Several of India's car makers Tuesday reported a drop or a modest increase in sales for December, despite year-end discounts and the recent introduction of new models.
The local units of Hyundai Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Corp., as well as Tata Motors Ltd., said their sales fell in December, while Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. recorded growth of less than 6%.
Analysts said also that the two companies which reported large increases — Ford India Pvt. Ltd. and Honda Cars India Ltd. — have a pretty small share of the market.
They added that it is difficult to call a trend right away because market leader Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. has yet to release its sales figures.
Hyundai Motor India Ltd. — the country's second-largest car maker — said its sales in December fell 2.5% from a year earlier to 47,833 cars. Local sales declined 9.6% to 26,697 autos, but exports grew 8.2% to 21,136 vehicles.
Mahindra & Mahindra, India's largest maker of sport-utility vehicles, recorded a modest increase in December sales, lifted by demand for its diesel-powered SUVs and the Verito sedan.
Mahindra sold 45,297 vehicles in December, an increase of 5.9%. Sales of the company's SUVs and the Verito car gained 18% to 22,761 autos, but those of four-wheeled light commercial vehicles fell 0.4% to 13,706 autos.
Tata Motors posted a sharp 51% decline in local car and SUV sales in December to 14,185 autos.
The Mumbai-based company also sold 47,515 trucks and buses in the local market last month, it said, without giving year-earlier numbers. Tata Motors exported 3,882 vehicles in December.
Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd. recorded a 24% decline to 12,071 vehicles in December. The maker of the Etios cars and Fortuner SUV said sales in 2012 grew 27% to 172,241 vehicles.
The Indian units of U.S. auto maker Ford Motor Co. and Japan's Honda Motor Co. recorded solid growth.
At Ford, December sales surged 42% to 10,899 vehicles, aided by strong growth in exports and year-end discounts on its vehicles as well as offers on vehicle financing.
Ford's India sales grew 9% to 6,517 vehicles while exports more than doubled to a record 4,382 cars from 1,685 a year earlier.
Read more in The Wall Street Journal.


text:
A meniscal tear is an injury of the shock-absorbing cartilage in the knee. The meniscus is a C-shaped fibrous cartilage that is found in certain joints forming a buffer between the bones. The meniscus also serves as a shock-absorption system, assists in lubricating the joint, and limits the joint flexion and extension.
© 2016
Mercy Medical Center North Iowa | 1000 4th Street SW Mason City, IA 50401 | 641-428-7000


text:
You are here:
01 December 2010
GAVI Alliance monitoring and evaluation framework and strategy 2011-2015
The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and Strategy is designed to contribute to meeting the GAVI Alliance's diverse information needs, including those related to internal business processes, support to countries and overall effectiveness, efficiency and impact.
GAVI Alliance Strategy and Business Plan 2011-2015
This GAVI Alliance Business Plan 2011-2015 describes the actions to be undertaken to achieve the 2011-2015 Strategy, while also laying out the context and challenges for the coming years.
Ethics hotline
Concerned about the misuse of Gavi resources? Report it now.
© Gavi 2016
modal window here


text:
STOCKTON — Seasonal flu vaccinations for adults 18 and older will be offered today at the San Joaquin County Public Health Services Clinic, 1601 E. Hazelton Ave., Stockton. The fee for the shot is $15, but no one will be turned away because of inability to pay. No appointment is needed.
Vaccination clinic hours are 8:30 to 11 a.m. and 1 to 4 p.m.
For more information or a schedule of future clinics, call (800) 839-4949 or visit sjcphs.org.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
If you were ever interested in male enhancement products you probably discovered there are hundreds of options out there, and it can become very difficult to pick out which one is the best and will offer the best results since all of their advertisements say the same thing. Penis Pills Free Trial.
Since all of the supplements say that they can offer the best results, it can be very difficult to discern which of them might actually yield the results you are looking for.
Penis Pills Free Trial
You will first want to take note of is what ingredients are used to make the product.
The reason for this is that the best natural supplements will include the same effective ingredients, therefore narrowing down which brands will work the best. The reason that they will vary, is because they will use these same ingredients in different amounts, therefore yielding different results.
For these reasons you should always look at the ingredients of any male enhancer products you are interested in. Some of these ingredients have been proven to effectively aid in male enhancement and improve the sexual health of men. Many of these ingredients have been used for these very reasons for thousands of years.
All About A Little Blue Pill
The world changed because of the creatiion of the little blue pill. All of a sudden, men from all walks of life were looking for something to aid them in their sexual health. As this pill became more and more prevalent it seemed to encourage men to start openly talking about the sexual side of their lives.
This was a benefit, and a curse. The benefit came with the fact that men who might not otherwise have looked for help with their sex lives would now be more open to doing so. The creation of the little blue pill also caused many problems. It had side effects that included prolonged erections and headaches.
It also caused the market to become flooded with "miracle pills" that promised to greatly increase the size of the penis in just a few weeks. It eventually became illegal for companies to make these outrageous claims, and the majority of the products on the market are all-natural thanks to the consumer advocate groups that stepped in.
Pills for Natural Male Enhancement
Safety is the reason for why many men have opted to use only all-natural male enhancement products. All-natural products are great because the side effects are a lot less severe, and a lot fewer in number. The only reactions that have been found linked to an all natural supplement is that of someone who was allergic to one of the ingredients. Even so, the reaction was not very extreme.
Penis Pills Free Trial
All natural products also tend to be more affordable because they are more inexpensive to create versus synthetic products. Even when insurance will help cover the cost, supplements like the little blue pill are still expensive when compared to a natural supplement. In fact, an all-natural supplement for male enhancement only costs a small percentage of the prescription male enhancers. Penis Pills Free Trial.
The point being made here, is that if you decide that you are in the market for a male enhancement supplement, you should try an all-natural approach. You will find that it is far less expensive, and much more effective.
If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting!


text:
Latest Prime-Time Episodes
Randy Spelling's TV Shows > Popular
1 items found
Streaming films is becoming more risky every day. We strongly urge our users to use a VPN to make themselves anonymous while streaming films and TV shows online. Using a VPN ensures that your ISP, the government and the NSA can't spy on you or block any streams. They will not be able to see ANY of your online activity. Protect Your Privacy with a Free VPN
Support the Site
Site Updates and News
|Follow @real_1channel
Did you know you can use Primewire.org and Primewire.is to access this site? Well, now you do.
Check out the personalized TV Schedule.
Primewire Trivia
Latest Comments
Scream: The TV Series
orlando1west : i have never liked him since he first appeared in season one and have always sus ...
Game of Silence
RN_Davis : Man How they gonna end a series with a cliffhanger like that & unanswered Qu ...
Hard Target 2
titlex4me : crap utter crap complete crap craptastic crappy crap that gives crap a bad name ...
Hard Target 2
Austincyr95 : Not enough sex scenes that degrade women. 1/10
Hot in Cleveland
DebbieLegg : This show is so hilarious haha.
I Love Dick
roadster20 : I HATE DICK. I have one word for this show (CRAP) I want my 30minuts back
sinnocen : the most dangerous killer is here and akane career is start now. police can give ...


text:
The Haunted Maze is returning to Gypsum's Fall Festival in Lundgren Theater Park from 5 to 9 p.m. Saturday.
"There will be a not-so-scary tour for little kids from 5 to 6:30 p.m. and a scary tour after that," said Gypsum Special Events Coordinator Marie Sanders. "The early tour will be haunted by characters such as Dorothy and the wicked witch from 'Wizard of Oz,' and characters from 'Alice in Wonderland.' The late tour will have things like zombie cheerleaders."
Costumes for both tours are still needed and anyone interested is invited to contact Ann Olin of the Porchlight Players Community Theater group at firstname.lastname@example.com to sign up.
So far, some themes in the maze include a pirate room, mad scientist room, graveyard, spider room and mad chainsaw room.
"Zombie pirates, science experiment people (i.e. those who've had experiments done on them), graveyard residents, etc., are all welcome," Olin said. "You need to provide your own costumes but we have lots of accessories to help if you need it."
This year, hosted tours will take five to six people at time through the maze to keep things in an orderly fashion. Tours will take 10 to 15 minutes.
A suggested $2 admission to the maze benefits several Eagle Valley High School teams and clubs that are helping with the events. Everything else - including 14 carnival games, hot dogs and popcorn - is free.
Meanwhile, the band Already Gone plays from 6 to 8:30 p.m.
"This is the seventh Fall Festival but only the second year we've done the haunted maze," Sanders said. "Adults loved the maze last year and we had about 2,200 attend."
For more information, call Sanders at 970-524-1740.


text:
Like many retailers, VentingPipe.com can choose to set its own prices independently. And even though manufacturers require VentingPipe.com and other retailers to display a product's "minimum advertised price" (or MAP), the retailer can choose to sell for less than that. But the price must be conveyed in other ways, and each individual manufacturer's MAP policy determines where the price can be seen.
To see the price for this product at VentingPipe.com, you'll need to place it in your shopping cart, and maybe even proceed to final checkout. If you're not ready to buy the product, simply remove it from the cart.
VentingPipe.com apologizes for any inconvenience. We'd just like to offer you the chance to save extra money while we adhere to manufacturers' MAP policies. VentingPipe.com is also working to educate manufacturers on how their policies impact customers and their buying behavior.
© 2000-2016 Build.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. VentingPipe.com is a Build.com, Inc Network Store