text:
For reasons unknown to civilized (or uncivilized) man, all programming books are often immensely boring. Seriously. That is, until now. Today, Free Software Magazine presents (in conjunction with Andrew Min Writing Studios) Learning XHTML: Monty Python-Style.
Your name is King Arthur (or if you prefer, it could be Lancelot or Galahad or Bedivere or even Robin …). Your quest is to learn XHTML. And your favorite color is... you'll get to that later. For now, all you need to know is that you need to watch the møøse. They can be very dangerous around here. In fact, they can swarm together and take over sentences, even whole paragraphs. No really! (The management apologises for the fault in the introductions. Those responsible have been sacked.)
Introduction to XHTML and getting together the tools for it
You don't go out and attack castles with Holy Grails without first knowing what a Holy Grail is. So, first you'll get a little explanation. XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) is a simple yet powerful markup language which utilizes tags. Tags are little strings of text enclosed by
<> to let web browsers know what a web page contains.
Now that you know what XHTML is, you need to make sure you have all the materials you need (like coconuts and swallows and knights walking around clapping the coconuts). First, you'll need some sort of XHTML editor. Most operating systems come with Notepad for Windows or TextEdit for OS X. However, these are extremely underpowered (even for basic programming). Using them is like trying to chop down a tree with a herring: impossible. For GNU/Linux users, the choice is easy: use Quanta Plus. If you absolutely /hate/ Quanta Plus (something I find very hard to understand!), try Scribes, another powerful programming tool. Windows users... should switch to GNU/Linux. But if you absolutely refuse to do that then try Notepad++. It's not as powerful as Quanta Plus or Scribes (think King Arthur vs. Sir Lancelot), but if you like pain... go right ahead. OS X users have three options: use Smultron, a powerful editor for Mac users, install Quanta Plus using fink (a long and laborious project, but the end result is a powerful programming tool), or install GNU/Linux.
Writing a simple hello world page with paragraphs
Now that you know what you're doing (always helpful), it's time to write your first XHTML web page. Here it is:
<!DOCTYPE XHTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">   <title>Hello World</title>
Hello World

That's it! Just copy that into your programming editor, save it as helloworld.htm, and then double click on the file to run it. It will open a new page in your web browser that simply says,
Hello World. Congratulations! You have now completed the first step of your XHTML career.
Now, it's time to break it all up into little bite sized pieces that you could eat at that wedding feast Sir Lancelot broke up. First, look at the first line:
<!DOCTYPE XHTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
This is just a simple statement telling the world that this is an XHTML document. It should be at the beginning of every XHTML document.
This tells the world that this is the beginning of the XHTML document (just like meeting the Knights Who Say No? was the start of a hunt for a shrubbery). Remember that words surrounded by
<> are tags.
This is the beginning of the "header" section of the XHTML document. This is unseen by the viewer, but relays important information to the browser.
<title>Hello World</title>
This is the title of the page. Everything located between the
<title> and the
</title> is part of the title. Since it's in the head section, it's unseen on the main page. However, the browser window's title will probably change to this.
This signifies the end of the head section.
This signifies the beginning of the "body" section. Virtually everything here will be shown on the web page.

Hello World

This is the nitty gritty of the page. The

 tag is the paragraph tag. Everything inside of this will be neatly thrown into a paragraph. So if you have two paragraphs, they will automatically have whitespace between them. This is extremely handy since XHTML will ignore the file's own line breaks (you need to manually insert them, more on that later).
You should have already guessed what this does: it signifies the closing of the body section.
Can you guess this one? It's the end of the XHTML document.
You should also note that the document could have been formatted differently. Line breaks in the document's source do as much as Sir Lancelot? does to a fierce foe (absolutely nothing) as far as XHTML is concerned. So, the document could have produced the same results if it looked like this:
<!DOCTYPE XHTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <title>Hello World</title>
Hello World

or this:
<!DOCTYPE XHTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <title>Hello World</title>
Hello World

Also note that the tags are nested exactly in the order they are put in. This is crucial. If the
 tag is before the
 tag, then the
 must be after
So, this would be very wrong, since the  tag happens at the wrong time"

 Hello World

Yes, that's right. You can't be a good programmer without practicing. I'm told that Sir Lancelot practices throwing wooden rabbits every day.
- Write an XHTML page that says, "Free Software Magazine!" in the first paragraph, "Andrew Min is the best author ever" in the second paragraph, and "XHTML is almost as smart as Andrew" in the third paragraph.
- Try writing the above page without paragraphs (that is, without the

tags). See why you use them?
Basic formatting
Now that you know how to write a basic page, it's time to make it look pretty. After all, that's the appeal of XHTML (remember the appeal of Sir Lancelot's minstrel is his horrible singing). So it's time to look at adding some basic formatting.
There are several kinds of formatting in XHTML: bold, italics/emphasis, bold/strong, underline (Free Software Magazine doesn't render this correctly, but you should know what it looks like), deleted text (again, FSM won't render this. It's basically text with a horizontal line through it), and
This is by no means a comprehensive list, but it should be enough to get you started.
There are two ways to add bold/strong text. The older and more popular way is to use the
 tag. The newer way is to use the
 tag. The latter is more technically correct, for reasons which are more dull than Tim the Enchanter. Don't argue. Just use the strong tag.
Next up is making your text emphasized. Again, there are two ways. You can either use the older and more popular
 or the newer
. And again, the newer
 tag is the correct answer for reasons even more boring than the bold reasons (actually, it's the same reason. If you really want to find out how, visit this forum thread on  vs ).
Now, onward to the underlined text. This you should really use sparingly. Why? Well, what else on a web page is underlined? Oh yeah, links (you'll get to that soon, I promise). You should use underlining about as many times as Robin attacks a dragon (virtually never). But for the times you absolutely have to have underlined text, the tag is
. Why isn't there a newer version, like it happens with
 and `? Simple: because you shouldn't be using it at all, remember?
It's time to turn to another type of formatting: deleted text. In other words, text that looks like it was crossed out (usually used for satire). But if you are a satire kind of guy (or gal), here's the tag:
When you quote a source, it's nice to make it look a little different from the rest of the page. That's where the

 tag comes in. It allows you to quote something like this:
Howdy, I'm a quote. And swallows are much better than starlings.
- Write some text that is strong and emphasized at the same time. Like this. Remember to nest your tags correctly (refer to Hello World filled with møøse, llamas, and shrubberies! for more).
- Try adding some strong text inside a blockquote.
Using links
Refresher: what does XHTML stand for? If you say for freedom, equality, and Dennis the Constitutional Peasant, you're wrong. It stands for eXtensible HyperText Markup Language. And what does the HyperText mean? It basically means text that can be clicked on which will take the user to another page. That's what a hyperlink (commonly shortened to "link") is. So, it's time to look at adding basic links to a web page.
You'll start with a basic XHTML link. And the best way to explain how to add a link is to do an example:
Free Software Magazine
 tag is much more complicated than any other tag you've learned so far. It's as complicated as Dennis the peasant. First of all, note that everything between the two tags gets turned into a link. So the above result would output Free Software Magazine. Now, look at the
href part. Basically, anything between the two quotes (
"") is the location of the link. There are three things that can be between those hyperlinks. First, you could put a full web address like
http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/, which is what I did above. Second, you could put in the location of a page with a URL that is relevant to the location of your page. For example, if you are editing the page
index.htm which is on the server
http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com (so, the page is on
http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/index.htm), and you wanted to link to
http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/about.htm, you could just put down a link to
about.htm, since both
index.htm and
about.htm are in the same directory: `Free Software Magazine. If you're still trying to pick your jaw off of the floor, re-read all of section again. The third option is to put in an anchor, which is beyond the scope of this article.
Links are extremely powerful tools. You don't have to just link to web pages. You can also link to email addresses, like this:
mailto:[email protected]. For example,
Click here to email one of the greatest actors of all time. Of course, mailtos are much more powerful than just this (for more, see this great article on mailto tricks). Note however that this is one of the best ways for a spammer to get your email address, so you might want to consider using an obfuscator like this one by John Haller or this by Andreas Neudecker.
- Write two pages: robin.htm and lancelot.htm. Make robin.htm have a mailto link to [email protected] and lancelot.htm have a regular link to robin.htm.
Displaying images
When you're on the internet, virtually every page you see contains some sort of image. Some have them as a background image, some as a menu background, some as regular pictures. But unless you're browsing a mailing list or a directory output, it's almost guaranteed that you'll see some sort of image. So it's time to figure out how to put them in your website. First, an example:

There are several new things about this tag. First, note that there is no closing tag. This is very important. Even more important than remembering the migration patterns of African and European swallows. Also, note the "
/" at the end of the tag. For any tag that has no closing tag, there /must/ be a
/ (forward slash).
Besides these points, it should be pretty self explanatory. In the code above,
picture.jpg refers to an image in the same directory as the page being written. Of course, you could also use something like
http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/logo.jpg. Note however that it is often considered rude to use other images hosted by other people (It eats up their bandwidth. There's actually a pretty funny story about that by Mike Davidson at Newsvine.com).
- Download this image, put it in the same directory as the page you're editing, and display it on your page.
- Try displaying an image that is also a link. If you can't get it, see this article on background images (but actually try /before/ looking).
Advanced formatting with stylesheets
You may have noticed that one very important thing has been left out so far: color. If you write a page right now, you'll have images and basic formatting but no color. Why? Well, XHTML actually does have support for all of this using the
 tag. However the
font tag (along with several other tags) has been deprecated, a fancy word meaning that their use is discouraged. That's where Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS, comes into play. Now, explaining all the features of CSS is definitely out of the scope of this article (it's like trying to say the name of the Knights Who Formerly Said Ni). However, since most XHTML programmers use it you'll get a tiny taste right now. The CSS code goes in between the

First, note that everything between the

As you can see, this code is very similar to the previous code: instead of defining the
color, it defines the
background-color. You can also set a background image:

- Create a page with a background color of
#BC2EE4and text color
- Figure out how to change link colors. Change it to
#CAC5D0, and add it to the other page. If you have trouble, see this page on link colors.
- Create a page with this background image,
#CCDDEEas the text, and
#000000as the link color.
Publishing your web pages
Now that you have a web page, you'll want to put it on the world wide web so that King Arthur and his wife can see it. First, you'll need a web host with FTP support (there are tons of free ones around—at this point Google is your friend. Once you've registered with a host, connect to their FTP server using an FTP client. Quanta Plus has this built in, see Quanta Plus's documentation for more information. If you don't use Quanta, use FileZilla (there's a good tutorial at the FileZilla wiki). Make sure your main page is named index.htm.
Now, go to your web site that your host set up (e.g. http://freedomain.com/andrewmin/). You should see your index.htm page come up immediately (if not, you may have to wait a few hours for your site set up to be completed).
There's only one thing left to do: check your site in web browsers. There are two types of browsers: standards compliant browsers like the free software Mozilla Firefox or Konqueror, and non-standards compliant browsers like Internet Explorer. If your page is valid XHTML according to the W3C Validator, it will show up perfectly in Firefox or Konqueror. Unfortunately, you're also going to have to make sure your page works in Internet Explorer 6, well known for being one of the worst browsers for standards compliance on the net (you can use the free Browsershots service to see what your page looks like). Internet Explorer 7 improves on this, but is still pretty bad. It's like saying that Sir Not-Appearing-In-This-Film is better than Sir Robin the Not-Quite-So-Brave-As-Sir-Lancelot.
- Create a webpage! Make a page with nice colors (use Color Inspirator if you're as uncreative as Sir Lancelot) detailing your experience with XHTML. Then, upload it to a host of your choice.
Where to go from here
Well, you're just about done. Now, you're probably wondering what to do next. If you want to learn more about XHTML or CSS, visit the W3Schools. There are also a host of programming languages for the web, including PHP, JavaScript, Perl, ASP, Ruby on Rails, and Cold Fusion. They will allow you to generate XHTML pages on the spot. W3Schools has tutorials for these, as does our sponsor O'Reilly Media. You may also want to learn about content management systems which are powerful web tools that give you more power for less work. Graham Oakes has a great article on this called Introduction to Content Management Systems.
Good luck!
Thanks, i really enjoyed this. Maybe free software mag should regularly feature tutorials.
Great introduction
But you forgot one thing, and that is that all img should have an alt. Like in

Some Missing Stuff.
A lot of people come across XHTML thinking that it really is as basic as you describe it, but theres a lot more information that you're missing about XHTML. Namely that IE does not support XHTML at all and considers it tag soup whenever it encounters it, and also that most XHTML that verifies in the W3C validator is not actually valid when sent as true application/xhtml+xml mimetype to browsers that actually do support XHTML (ie. Mozilla/Firefox and Opera). Here are some additional (and more technical) pointers:
- Use a server side language to determine if the client's user agent accepts the application/xhtml+xml mimetype and send the appropriate headers. Details can be found here: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/xhtml-mimetype/content-negotiation
- Include a proper xml 1.0 declaration for application/xhtml mimetype content (note that this causes IE to go into quirks mode, so make sure you check the user agent beforehand). This is on the very first line and looks like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- Make sure your code follows Appendix C of the W3C's XHTML standard. It can be found here: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#guidelines
- And just to play devil's advocate, you should certainly be aware of this document which, though old, is still very relevant: http://hixie.ch/advocacy/xhtml
All these things tend to be annoying, but easy to follow if you're aware of them all from the outset of a project. Sticking to all the information in these document will allow your XHTML to be the most compatible XHTML code possible. Happy hacking.
Some (more) missing stuff
castral01 said it well, but his comment is the abridged version...
When you're not sending an application/xhtml+xml MIMEtype, most web servers (Apache 2.x included) default to text/html, which isn't completely incorrect per se, as following XHTML 1.0 Strict, Appendix C, an XHTML 1.0 document formatted right can pass off as a slightly quirky html 4 document in most user agents, but it is actually wrong: in 'pure' HTML, you should be able to short-close a tag with '/' alone - making the following '>' extraneous (which leads to an unwanted displayed character, or a parsing error, since '>' must be entity-encoded when used outside of an HTML entity). It only works because the majority of user agents implement only a subset of HTML.
For a local file, an XHTML document must be saved with the .xhtml suffix: the .html suffix is for HTML only, most OSes/UAs do suffix to MIMEtype matching from the suffix - see above for restrictions.
If you are getting started with XHTML, go for Strict compliance, as it is actually easier to learn than Transitional: less redundant tags, less rendering quirks...
Be careful with XHTML 1.1, the text/html MIMEtype is wrong - you must use at least text/xml, or application/xml (somewhat understood by IE which attempts to load the page but fails because msxml3, built in IE, isn't actually XML compliant), or application/xhtml+xml (which leaves IE completely baffled).
Next: as said, you must add the XML prologue to any XHTML file you create, but only in the case when you use the correct MIMEtype, and in that case you must also remove all 'META http-equiv' tags, which are here only for Appendix C compatibility (they replace the data contained in the XML prologue, like encoding).
On tags, required attributes are height, width and alt - those attributes are actually _required_, and will create an error in the W3C validator, as well as a parsing error in Firefox and Opera when using the correct MIMEtype (because those browsers will then use their XML parsers, which is much less forgiving than the HTML one).
While the article stems from a good intention, I can't recommend it because it demonstrates bad coding habits.
(Now where is my Holy Hand Grenade again?)
A computer is like air conditioning: it becomes useless when you open windows.


text:
Thibodaux woman accused of stealing from former employer
Published: Monday, October 28, 2013 at 4:54 p.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, October 29, 2013 at 9:14 a.m.
Thibodaux woman is charged with stealing from a business she was fired from, police said.
Ashley Kelly, 29, A-137 Solar Trailer Park, is accused of stealing money from the register of a business on Canal Boulevard. She faces one count of simple burglary and four counts of theft. She is in the Lafourche jail a $50,500 bond.
Her then-boyfriend, Kevin Boudreaux, has also been accused of burglary and is still at large. Police said the two trashed the place last week before making off with several hundred dollars.
Anyone with knowledge of Boudreaux's whereabouts is asked to call police at 446-5021.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BEST ENTRANCE: C Entrance
LOCATION IN MALL: Lower Level, Section A
(412) 479-9003 | Driving Directions | Sleep Number by Select Comfort Website |
View Deals | Mall Map
More stores to consider
Quizzz: True or False - Sleep is the best back to school tool. #CommitToSleep/p>
Sleep Number
"If I do not get consistent sleep, it has a direct impact on my performance…I need good, restful sleep at the core of my program to make me feel focused and great." -Melissa Stockwell USA, paralympian, world champion, and U.S. Veteran.
Read More
.@MStockwell01 knows that great sleep gives her an extra edge. https://t.co/IMlWpDuZx3/p>
A4. Well-rested children are healthier, happier, and do better at school, sports and life. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/w74YIWEJcz/p>
A4. Lack of sleep promotes daytime fatigue, which may make it hard for kids to engage in activities. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/fhtFGYy78K/p>
A4. Remember the key to tomorrow's adventures is great sleep tonight. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/3e7SNnoNPm/p>
A4. In a recent SN survey, 79% of parents report their kids aren't their best (i.e., moody, crabby) when they're tired. #SNSweepstakes/p>
Q4. What is the impact of a good/bad night's sleep on ur kids? #SNSweepstakes/p>
A3 Enter for chance to win a SleepIQ Kids™ bed w/ SleepIQ tech! No purch necc https://t.co/zQ55hjRJMj #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/QBU47wVruD/p>
A3. Help kids wind down before bed by reading a story. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/D6HdaQ0KMk/p>
A3. Kids spend 1/3 of their day sleeping, so upgrading bedding to meet their needs is worth it! https://t.co/NcgCpULKyK #SNSweepstakes/p>
A3. SleepIQ Kids tech shows u how ur kids are sleeping. No more guess work! https://t.co/KeBQL2PqMi # SNSweepstakes https://t.co/zUE6SOvX7F/p>
A1. Make bedtime fun for ur kids. Incorporate things they love into their bedtime routine. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/y4pVdadfCI/p>
Reveal: Snoring, of course! Pistachios and a warm shower actually help! https://t.co/Un1kwm2iBY/p>
It's Biggest Sale of the Year! All beds on sale -- don't miss it!
RT @foodfunfamily: 7 Tips For a Better Night Sleep #CommitToSleep https://t.co/YBQdP8En2h from #foodfunfamily archives/p>
RT @nest: .@sleepnumber #WorksWithNest so you know your ideal room temperature for your best sleep. https://t.co/8z7yPDRzHm https://t.co/DI…/p>
Don't let snoring get in the way of restful sleep. See what Sleep Geek Pete has to say. #CommitToSleep
DYK: Body heat is released through your head, hands, and feet! Keep them uncovered for your best sleep.
For those who dare to dream then wake up to chase them. What do you dream about? #CommitToSleep
Why is REM sleep important? #6SecondsOfSleep https://t.co/3jodPkNriQ/p>
A4. Darkness can help u sleep better too. Try darkening shades or a sleep mask. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/wbJIEI7dFg/p>
A3. Studies show sleep helps repetitive motor skills (like a golf swing) improve! #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/GNw7vLS4ub/p>
A3. DYK: Athletes who get more sleep are more likely to have better performance, mood & alertness? #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/WbQQf0s386/p>
A2. We teamed up w/U.S. paralympian @MStockwell01 to help her up her sleep game while she's training. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/LUGtlgX3FQ/p>
Chat Sleep + Performance w/ @FitFluential TONIGHT at 8pm CDT. See rules: https://t.co/Pjy1AWrgzZ #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/8uvfWSTaQP/p>
Reveal: Set your thermostats tonight! #CommitToSleep https://t.co/QbeWDuWLcU/p>
RT @AudreyMcClellan: Do you know IDEAL bedroom temp for sleep?Research from @SleepNumber shows 65-68 degrees https://t.co/TZLE1yJDun #AD ht…/p>
Sleep: a leading factor in @gwenjorgensen's successes. Read more! https://t.co/n7xJ9FTeW8 #PowerOfSleep https://t.co/yNJZXluKWC/p>
A4. Here's why a consistent bedtime schedule matters for ur kids https://t.co/F8H1Hr1koL #SNSweepstakes/p>
A4. DYK: The Sleep IQ Kids activity tracker & individual data can identify routines that affect sleep? #SNSweepstakes/p>
A1. Sleep quality & quantity are closely related to student learning capacity & academic performance. #SNSweepstakes/p>
A1. Stay organized! Set aside clothes & pack their backpack the night before. #SNSweepstakes/p>
A1. Struggling w/ earlier bedtimes? Add dark curtains or a white noise machine. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/d78G7mbQCc/p>
Follow hosts @SleepNumber, @VeraSweeney, @AudreyMcClellan & @SleepGeekPete. Use #SNSweepstakes in all tweets or we won't see them./p>
5 mins until we start chatting abt sleep as the new school year gets underway! Before we begin, a few housekeeping items… #SNSweepstakes/p>
Slept well. Dreams realized. We are proud of you, @gwenjorgensen! #CommitToSleep https://t.co/sPMDKlWOb1/p>
Chat Back2School w/ @AudreyMcClellan & @VeraSweeney TONIGHT 8pm CT. See rules https://t.co/zQ55hjRJMj #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/v8DGYftl6A/p>
Which of the below causes restless sleep?/p>
Trying to sleep on a plane? Pack an eye mask! #6SecondsOfSleep https://t.co/dhKgJHcyzm/p>
Quizzz: What's the best bedtime snack of the below?/p>
What's a better excuse for a nap than #NationalRelaxationDay? https://t.co/cpd3YsziAm/p>
Sleep is key to Melissa Stockwell USA's race performance!
What's the best bedtime for you? SleepIQ tech shows you. https://t.co/puN2zMW9Qq/p>
Reading is a good way to unwind before bed. What's your favorite type of book? #NationalBookLoversDay/p>
Thanks to @FitFluential for hosting & thanks to everyone for participating! #SNSweepstakes/p>
A4. Light from TV & phone screens can interfere w/ production of melatonin (sleep-regulating hormone) #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/SjVYtUIQ57/p>
A3. REM sleep helps athletes w/ motor learning, skill acquisition & fitness performance. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/ExqpmSxOzo/p>
A2. DYK: If you're exercising, most of the benefits of exercise are realized during quality sleep? #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/EEG9bQjWDP/p>
A2. Inadequate sleep can affect cerebral cortex; responsible for focus, concentration & flexibility. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/ewCtOYye9P/p>
A1. Sleeping 8 hrs = higher levels of the appetite-suppressing hormone leptin. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/dEAnCwtuS1/p>
A1: Before bed, lay out ur workout clothes so u are more motivated to get up & get going in the a.m. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/0FmFpXSdNq/p>
Enter for chance to win a p5 bed w/ SleepIQ tech! No purch necc. https://t.co/UXpIbHFMKS #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/hnchXG4JjX/p>
Follow hosts @SleepNumber, @FitFluential & @SleepGeekPete. Use #SNSweepstakes in all tweets or we won't see them./p>
Quizzz: What's the best temp for sleep? #CommitToSleep/p>
Thanks to @VeraSweeney and @AudreyMcClellan for hosting & thanks to everyone for participating! #SNSweepstakes/p>
Looking for deals on ALL our #beds / #bedding? @SleepNumberDeal tweets all #SNSweepstakes sales./p>
Time's up! What's 1 sleep tip that will help ur family sleep better? #SNSweepstakes/p>
A4. When it comes to kids and sleep, parents agree that quality and quantity matter. #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/CaElQ5kikj/p>
A3. Make room for bedtime bonding activities in ur kid's sleep routine! #SNSweepstakes https://t.co/2XDbjWduvh/p>


text:
Gasoline Prices Set to Keep Rising with Summer Blend Switch
NEW YORK–Spring hasn't yet sprung, but gasoline prices already are in high gear.
Moreover, those who think increased supplies mean lower prices will likely get run over.
Futures prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange have zoomed to their highest levels since late September on concerns that seasonal refinery maintenance will reduce production and drive up prices, as more drivers take to the roads when the weather warms.
Reformulated gasoline blendstock futures for March delivery jumped more than 8 cents a gallon Thursday to $3.1166 a gallon, while April fuel prices top March levels by 19 cents a gallon.
The switch from winter-grade to summer-grade fuel, now drawing near, causes prices to fluctuate. But this year, already low gasoline inventories in the heavily populated Northeast U.S. were further tightened by operational problems at terminals and refineries due to Hurricane Sandy.
Gasoline marketers have scrambled to replenish supplies, with high prices acting as a magnet to pulling more imports to the region.
Fuel inventories in the mid-Atlantic states, including the New York Harbor region, which is the delivery point for the gasoline futures contract, climbed last week to top year-ago levels for the first time since last Memorial Day. Regional stocks are at a nine-month high and supplies lag the five-year average level by just 3.9%, compared with a deficit of more than 20% at the end of November.
Higher prices for the benchmark contract ripple across the nation because the contract is used as a pricing standard for other grades of gasoline, even when the Nymex contract is affected by regional concerns because it is settled in New York Harbor.
Despite the appearance of strong supplies in the Northeast, motorists are paying a hefty price for those additional supplies. Already the nationwide price of regular gasoline, at $3.61 a gallon this week according to government data, is at a record high for this time of year.
Read more in Commodities.


text:
During Truman Elementary School's Buzz Assembly held Monday, Dec. 9, the first-graders were honored for winning a competition for bringing in the most food for G.R.A.C.E. Their reward was making their principal a pizza. Shown here with principal Darlene Bramel, seated, are Patrick Bunton, Justin Taylor, Azrial Graen, Victoria Griffith, Sydney Williams, and teachers Dana Heimbaugh, Tonya Lewis, Regina Hoss, Jared Tharp and Tracy Huffman. Submitted Photo
Location, ST | website.com


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text: General Stan McChrystal is the keynote speaker. This is a high priority meeting for many leaders through Indianapolis and the state. This date coincides with the proposed date of the Academy Leadership Lecture Series. We decided to wait until spring to schedule our first leadership lecture and encourage BOV members to consider attending this Chamber of Commerce meeting.


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Just The Judge justifies favouritism in the Etihad Airways Irish 1000 Guineas
Trainer Mouse Morris feels the decision to retire his Aintree Grand National winner is the right one.
Rogue Angel produced a tremendously game front-running performance to claim victory in the Irish Grand National at
Willie Mullins once again heads to the Cheltenham Festival with a hugely talented team.
Noel Meade is keeping his fingers crossed Road To Riches arrives at Leopardstown on Saturday in the same form he wa
My Murphy repelled the challenge of 5-1 favourite Mala Beach to claim the Goffs Thyestes Handicap Chase at Gowran P
Joe Stack speaks to Willie Mullins about Sunday's BHP Insurances Irish Champion Hurdle at Leopardstown where the tr


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SAN JOSE -- Sharks forward Joe Pavelski will be sharing the ice with his two Team USA linemates Tuesday night when San Jose faces the Toronto Maple Leafs.
But Pavelski indicated after the morning skate that he really didn't learn anything more about Phil Kessel and James Van Riemsdyk than anyone who has watched them play closely didn't already know.
"I think it's pretty self-explanatory on those two," Pavelski said. "They're good players. Phil can score a lot of goals, he's a really good one-on-one player with his speed and off the rush. James is pretty good around the net, big body and makes plays. They both can skate well."
The three formed Team USA's top line at Sochi with Kessel tallying eight points, Van Riemsdyk scoring seven and Pavelski with five.
"Yeah, it was good for a little while," Pavelski said, acknowledging that things didn't go well for the line or Team USA in the medal games. "Those guys skated well and we made plays. The entries were good. They both have really good puck skills, making plays and seeing each other around the ice. I think that was one of the big things."
Van Riemsdyk said Monday that he was looking forward to playing against Pavelski.
"He was fun for me and Phil to play with and he was a great guy too," Van Riemsdyk told the Toronto Sun. "His brother played with my brother at UNH so I heard a little bit about him before meeting him this past summer, where I was his roommate at the USA camp."
Antti Niemi will start in goal for the Sharks, who are expected to face Toronto back-up James Reimer.


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The answer is 9,142: Understanding the influence of disruption risk on inventory decision making
Deloitte Review issue 14
The question was how many units of inventory a manager should order when faced with a possible disruption in supply. The correct answer is not guesswork, but based on 150 years of theory and practice. We examine individual choices made in this critical situation—and the results are not encouraging.
The question was how many units of inventory a manager should order when faced with a possible disruption in supply. Almost no one—as in 0.3 percent—got it right.
Every day, inventory managers ask themselves "How much should I order?" The correct answer is not guesswork; it is based on more than 150 years of theory and practice.1 Referred to as the Newsvendor Approach, this method of identifying profit-maximizing inventory levels forms the bedrock of the inventory planning systems used by many companies around the world.2 The research presented in this article investigates what happens when inventory managers impose their judgment based on the recommendations of those systems—in particular, when faced with the possibility of a disruption in supply.
Supply chain risk and potential disruption continue to occupy the minds of executives worldwide. Recent research by Deloitte revealed 71 percent of approximately 600 global manufacturing and retail executives view supply chain risk as important in strategic decision making. Forty-eight percent said the frequency of negative supply chain events had increased over the last three years, and 53 percent claimed that these events had become more costly.3 Elsewhere in this issue of Deloitte Review, we consider how leaders can improve the general resilience of their companies and supply chains.4
In this article, we examine the individual choices that inventory managers make in response to potential disruptions in supply. The results are not encouraging: Virtually everyone (99.7 percent of subjects) responded suboptimally, overreacting to low probabilities of disruption and underreacting to high probabilities. Approximately 15 percent of the individuals in our study responded irrationally, reducing orders in response to potential supply disruptions instead of increasing them. Fully one-third of our subjects altered inventory recommendations for no apparent reason. This kind of performance should be worrying to leaders of US companies that, as of July 2013, held approximately $1.7 trillion in inventory.5 Proper inventory planning is, after all, critical to customer service and to overall company performance.
Past and future uncertainties: The challenge faced by inventory managers
Inventory decision making balances both past and future uncertainties. Past uncertainties include the variability of historical demand for any of the products a company offers. Future uncertainties include possible disruptions in the supply of the products or other inventory. Many inventory management systems rely on historical (past) data and use it to recommend future action (that is, order quantities). Inventory planners accept or alter these recommendations using their own judgment about how the future will unfold. Our analysis will focus on these choices. In particular, our study asks the following questions:
- Do individuals unnecessarily adjust from inventory system-recommended quantities (that is, do they adjust for the sake of adjusting)?
- Do individuals respond rationally to potential supply disruptions (that is, increase orders in response to potential shortage)?
- Do individuals optimally adjust quantities in response to potential supply disruptions?
- Does overreaction or underreaction depend on the probability of the potential disruption or the profitability of the product?
We conclude that in general managers do a poor job of making inventory decisions under these conditions, making errors in judgment that can be severe, and that many inventory management processes are, at best, naïve to the existence or mitigation of the negative effects of manager choices.
The case of Tristen Corporation
Tristen Corporation provides a good example of how inventory management processes operate in many firms.6
Tristen is a $700 million manufacturer and marketer of durable consumer products. Based in North America, the company offers over 500 core products to residential and professional users along with more than 3,000 other accessories and consumable supplies. Approximately 75 percent of production occurs internationally. The product portfolio contains a mix of stable and high-growth products. Tristen has more than 1,000 employees and sustains double-digit growth, primarily as a result of new and innovative product offerings.
Production and inventory planning is performed at Tristen's headquarters in the United States. Ordering is supported by an inventory planning system that uses two years' worth of SKU-level sales data to recommend inventory and order levels. Tristen's inventory planning systems utilize a Newsvendor approach that accounts for both average historical demand and demand variation, calculating safety stocks based on a standard service level. This approach is typical across many industries.
Tristen's cadre of inventory analysts evaluate the recommendations of the inventory planning system and finalize recommended inventory amounts, triggering planning for orders and manufacturing. Analysts consider system recommendations along with other available information (not considered by the planning algorithm) to make a final determination of inventory levels. This information sometimes suggests the possibility of shortages in supply. Here, the Tristen policy is clear. As stated by the director of inventory planning at the company:
"When supply looks as if it might be constrained, we definitely build inventory, including 'ordering up' when we think we might be placed on allocation."
In this sense, Tristen is like many other companies. Its managers are compelled to make decisions based not on the certainty, but rather on the possibility of shortages. Tristen's systems, though just as sophisticated as those of many other companies, are of little help in this regard. They only look at historical demand and are not designed to factor in the potential for future supply disruptions. Managers at Tristen are left to make these adjustments based on their understanding of future risks. It is reasonable to wonder how well-equipped they are to accomplish this task.
… the logic of choice does not provide an adequate foundation for a descriptive theory of decision making. As a result, alternative theories of choice and risk attitudes have been established that attempt to account for the intuitive judgments that individuals make. Although sometimes useful, these intuitive judgments occasionally lead to severe and systematic errors.
Decision making under uncertainty
Research in behavioral economics and behavioral operations offers ample evidence that humans frequently make poor choices in the face of uncertainty. Whereas classic economic theory suggests individuals make decisions under risk by calculating an "expected value" (that is, the average value or "utility" of all the possible outcomes weighted by their probabilities), extensive analysis of actual behavior shows systematic violation of this rule and suggests "the logic of choice does not provide an adequate foundation for a descriptive theory of decision making."7 As a result, alternative theories of choice and risk attitudes have been established that attempt to account for the intuitive judgments that individuals make.8 Although sometimes useful, these intuitive judgments occasionally lead to severe and systematic errors.9
Inventory decisions are not immune to these anomalies. There is a wealth of evidence to suggest that managers perform poorly in manual inventory planning. Reasons for this poor performance include bias, alternative preferences, lack of experience, and even simple random errors.10 Thus, inventory planning systems play an important role in decision support. We tackled the issue of how challenges to decision making affect the performance of managers when reacting to the prospect of a future disruption that would restrict supply, a task in which inventory planning systems are generally unable to assist. Specifically, we wanted to understand how managers dealt with the threat of being put "on allocation."
About the research
We conducted a field experiment to understand inventory manager behavior with 81 experienced supply chain managers and 41 undergraduate students majoring in supply chain management at a program ranked among the top 15 in the United States.11 Study participants were asked to plan inventory in six decision-making scenarios.
Participants were given short cases that presented the cost and profitability of a stock keeping unit (SKU). SKUs were either high-profit (90 percent gross margin) or medium-profit (60 percent gross margin). Figure 1 depicts one such case. Participants received information about the expected demand for the SKU along with the level of demand variability (standard deviation). All SKUs had the same demand profile. Key aspects of basic inventory planning (including the role of profitability, cost, expected demand, and standard deviation of demand) were explained in available video-based training.
Each scenario offered a base case that we used to investigate our first question: Do inventory managers unnecessarily adjust system-recommended quantities? Participants were provided a system-recommended "profit-maximizing order quantity" and asked to enter the number of units they wanted to order.
We then offered "shortage risk" scenarios that allowed us to explore the influence of both SKU profitability and disruption probability on managers' choices. Participants were asked to respond to scenarios that included one of three magnitudes of shortage risk—5 percent (low), 25 percent (moderate), and 75 percent (high)—and were informed that if a shortage did occur, they would be put on "allocation," receiving just half of their order amount. They were then asked how many units they would like to order.12 Cases were constructed so that each level of SKU profitability was paired with each probability of disruption.
Table 1 summarizes the data for each SKU, including profit level, system-recommended optimal base case amount, disruption probability, resulting profit-maximizing optimal order quantity, and the quantity adjustment in units to move from the base case to the optimal inventory amount given the associated disruption probability. For example, Zeta is a high-profit SKU with an optimal base case quantity of 7,564. Zeta also has a moderate disruption risk (25 percent probability). Factoring in this risk increases the profit-maximizing inventory quantity to 9,142—an increase of 1,578 units over the base case.13
Table 1. Summary data on six SKU cases provided for study participants
base amount
|Optimal order quantity
|Optimal adjustment from base amount
Unnecessary adjustment to profit-maximizing inventory recommendations
Before looking into how participants responded to risk, we wanted to know how much they would order in a case that did not mention risk. Our analysis revealed that, despite being offered the profit- maximizing inventory quantity that already took into account all available information, participants altered system-generated, optimal recommendations 33 percent of the time. We found this surprising because in theory one might expect that, absent other information, inventory planners would accept an inventory quantity recommendation that is expected to maximize profit.
Deeper exploration reveals more about these deviations. Table 2 reports the proportion of respondents choosing the exact system-recommended optimal order quantity, as well as those who chose to deviate from that recommendation by either increasing or decreasing their actual order amounts.
Table 2. Summary of adjustments from optimal (optimal, above, below) in the risk-free base case
|Choosing optimal
|Above optimal
|Below optimal
|Gamma, Epsilon, Theta
|Delta, Zeta, Kappa
|Note: Since the disruption probability was not offered, the only difference between
SKUs/cases was the profitability level.
Participants who deviated from the system-recommended amount did so with a weakly discernible pattern. Adjustments for medium-profit SKUs (Gamma, Epsilon, and Theta) frequently leaned toward increasing the order quantity rather than toward decreasing it below the optimal level. Statistical tests reveal this to be a significant difference.
Research in behavioral economics and behavioral operations offers an explanation for this pattern. Prospect Theory, a cornerstone of behavioral economic thought, argues that loss aversion is an inherent attribute of decision makers.14 Inventory management studies have found the concept of loss is credibly associated with the idea of stocking out of product and losing sales. For low- and medium-profitability products, where stocking rates tend to be lower, this "stockout aversion" leads to a greater tendency to overstock.
Getting to 9,142
The inventory quantity approach we adopted for this research is one of the simplest algorithms used in the field called "The Single Period Model."15 In it, the inventory order quantity is calculated as a function of a known service level, average expected demand, and the standard deviation of demand (a measure of demand variability). Mathematically, optimal inventory is derived as follows:
Q = μ + Ζσ
Where Q is optimal order quantity, μ is average historical demand, σ is the standard deviation of demand and Z is an adjustment factor derived from the application of the desired service level to a normal distribution.
In all cases, average demand (μ) is 5,000 units and standard deviation (σ) is 2,000 units. For SKUs Delta, Zeta, and Kappa, the desired service level is stated to be 90 percent, which translates to a Z value of 1.2815566.16 Therefore, optimal base case inventory for these SKUs is:
In the case of Zeta, there is a 25 percent risk of a disruption that would result in the company receiving only 3,782 units; so there is a rational incentive to "order up" to account for the possibility. We calculate profit-maximizing inventory in this case through simulation using a linear optimization technique that balances the consequences of over- and under-ordering for each possible outcome. In the case of SKU Zeta, this optimal is 9,142 units.
The trend for high-profit SKUs appears to be in the opposite direction, though our statistical tests discourage that conclusion because deviations tend to be small, even if they occur more frequently than for the medium profit SKUs. The "stockout aversion" effect is potentially reduced for higher-profit products due to their higher natural stocking levels and the tendency of participants to put more effort into achieving an optimal decision given the higher stakes involved.17
Irrational response to potential disruptions in supply
The analysis of participant responses to the base case reveals a tendency toward irrational behavior even when disruption is not presented as a possibility. After all, why would someone deviate from a profit-maximizing quantity unless compelled to do so? We now turn to the question of whether this pattern of behavior extends to circumstances where disruption is an explicit possibility. Our experiment allowed us to test reactions at several different probability and profitability levels. In general, we are interested in the pattern of responses as these factors vary. First, however, we must ask a more basic question: Are managers' reactions rational to the extent that they are even directionally correct in response to possible supply disruption?
For the purposes of our investigation, we defined a rational response as one in which inventory managers increased their order in response to the possibility of a disruption in supply (or at least did not decrease it). Recall that in the event of a disruption, participants were told that they would only receive half the amount of inventory they ordered (for example, in the case featured in figure 1, they were told that if they ordered 7,564 units and the disruption occurred they would receive only 3,782). Therefore, decreasing an order when faced with disruption would count as an irrational response.
Our findings offer a reason for leaders to be concerned. On average, across all six SKUs, responders acted irrationally 15.1 percent of the time. The proportion of respondents registering reactions in the expected direction ranges between 82.0 percent (Epsilon) and 89.3 percent (Theta) as seen in table 3. Statistical tests confirm this is a significant number and estimate that the true level of irrational response could run, in some cases, as high as 28.6 percent.18 The actual impact of such errors on company performance will likely be highly dependent on the unique attributes of the specific products and companies involved. However, estimates are possible. In our simulations, for example, the average irrational disruption response in the case of Zeta was an 18 percent decrease in order quantity (instead of an optimal 21 percent increase), leading to a 25 percent decrease in expected profitability and a 100 percent increase in lost sales relative to optimal, should the disruption occur.19
Table 3: Proportion of "rational" reactions to potential supply and demand disruptions (99% C.I.)
|99% Conf. interval
Understanding why these managers behave irrationally presents a challenge. Our interpretation of the data is that they may have erred in the face of increased uncertainty and decision complexity. Though the complexity of the scenarios we presented did increase with the introduction of a chance of disruption, we still view the circumstances as a reasonable approximation of the reality that inventory managers face. That said, decisions of this particular type (inventory ordering and replenishment) have been accepted as complex.20 Moreover, nearly 70 years of management and administrative theory articulate managers' limitations when it comes to complex decision making.21 Researchers have demonstrated an inverse relationship between such complexity and decision quality.22 Although this type of irrational behavior does not appear to be a hallmark of inventory decision making, it certainly appears with startling frequency, affecting an estimated one in seven decisions where supply disruption is a possibility.
Even rational managers respond suboptimally to the possibility of disruption
The suboptimality of inventory managers' decision making continues as we turn our focus to their response to different levels of disruption risk. This is true even when we restrict our analysis to those who previously responded rationally by avoiding unnecessary adjustment to the base case and who adjusted in the proper direction in response to potential supply disruptions.23 Across all the responses we examined, the failure rate when making adjustments in response to potential shortages was 99.7 percent.24
Table 4 presents the aggregated results of our participants' performance. In summary:
- Overreaction at low probabilities—Participants dramatically overreacted when confronted with low probability disruptions of either supply or
demand. For example, when confronted with a 5 percent chance of a 50 percent cut in supply, participants' orders for SKU "Gamma" averaged 387 percent of the optimal adjustment.
- Underreaction at high probabilities—Participants demonstrated a strong tendency to underreact when the probability of supply disruption was high. For example, on a high-margin product (Kappa), participants' adjustment in the face of a 75 percent probability of a 50 percent cut in supply averaged just 55 percent of the optimal adjustment.
Table 4. Summary of optimal and actual adjustments in response to supply disruption probabilities
|Disruption probability
|Optimal quantity after adjustment
|Optimal adjustment
|Actual adjustment
|Adjustment actual/optimal (%)
That managers perform so poorly on this task is troubling but not surprising. Behavioral economic and operations theory predict it. In particular, studies using Prospect Theory have demonstrated a tendency for decision makers to overweight "boundary conditions" while simultaneously underweighting mid-range probabilities.25 Specifically, "an increase from 0 percent to 5 percent appears to have a larger effect than an increase from 30 percent to 35 percent, which also appears smaller than an increase from 95 percent to 100 percent." Overweighting is particularly evident with low probability outcomes.26
We see this insight playing out in our experiments. As the probability of supply disruption increases from "impossible" to "possible," managers respond by overreacting to risk. At the 5 percent disruption probability level, participants' adjustments average 387 percent of optimal for our medium-profit SKU (Gamma) and 303 percent of optimal for our high-profit SKU (Delta).
Consistent with the theory, overreactions diminish as the probability of disruption increases from 5 percent to 25 percent. At this level, the overreaction relative to optimal for the medium-profit SKU (Epsilon) is still a statistically significant 230 percent. For the high-profit SKU (Zeta), the difference from optimal is insignificant (just 17 percent above optimal). At the highest level of disruption probability, underweighting of prospects is clearly in effect. Participants significantly underreact in the case of both medium- and high-profit SKUs. The medium-profit (Theta) adjustment falls 15 percent short of optimal, and the high-profit adjustment falls 45 percent short.
Differences between high-profit and medium-profit SKUs are often significant. In absolute terms, the adjustment in units for high-profit SKUs is always higher, significantly so at the 5 and 25 percent disruption levels. However, the adjustment "relative to optimal" is always lower, significantly so at the higher (25 and 75 percent) disruption probabilities. This result echoes the conservatism in adjusting high-profit quantities that first surfaced in Table 2 (related to unnecessary adjustment). The adjustment response drops off much more rapidly for the higher-profit product, leading to significantly better performance at the 25 percent disruption level but significantly worse performance at the highest level of disruption
The final decision on inventory quantity is often subject to individual judgment, and individuals make significant errors in arriving at those judgments. Leaders should consider enhanced process- and technology-based solutions to improve decision making.
So what does it all mean?
There are several implications for executives responsible for operations and inventory planning:
- Evidence suggests that a higher-than-expected percentage of inventory planning system recommendations may be unnecessarily (and suboptimally) adjusted by inventory managers. This phenomenon affected 33 percent of the ordering decisions in our study.
- Beyond unnecessary adjustments, there is a sufficient number of irrational adjustments (reducing orders in response to potential shortages) to warrant concern. This result affected 15.1 percent of ordering decisions.
- Inventory managers demonstrate near-universal failure to optimally adjust to prospective disruptions in supply. The success rate was just 0.3 percent, with overreactions ranging to 387 percent in some cases.
The effect of these errors on business performance varies. In some cases, performance and profitably may not be impacted much if inventory holding costs are low and the impact of lost sales negligible. In other cases, the consequences could be significant. For example in the high probability (75 percent chance of disruption) case for the high-profit Kappa, the average response would result in a 6 percent reduction in expected profitability, and a 321 percent increase in expected lost unit sales should disruption occur.
Managers are rightly concerned about the possibility of supply chain disruption, with a particular focus on "black swan" events—low probability, high magnitude disruptions. Given this context, it is reasonable to suspect that a great many inventory managers are "adjusting" levels in order to accommodate low probabilities of disruption. To the extent that we recognize "ordering up" as a valid tactic, our research suggests that dramatic overreaction may result. At a minimum, it is likely to be worth it for operations leaders to investigate the incidence of unnecessary adjustment and overreaction to low probability disruptions within their own companies.
Where disruption is viewed as likely, executives should acknowledge that simple instructions to build buffers based on estimated probabilities and magnitudes are likely to be insufficient. Our inventory planners demonstrated a strong tendency to underreact in these cases.
Importantly, supply chain leaders should recognize that even their own judgment is suspect. Senior leaders are as likely to succumb to decision making biases as are their staffs. Executives are advised to pursue more formal approaches to understand the potential impact of both high- and low-probability disruptions.
In summary, participants in our study demonstrated poor ability to account for the possibility of disruption in their inventory ordering decisions. Factors such as the profitability of the products in question and the type and probability of the disruption appear to play a role in the adjustments they make; yet they do not lead to profit-maximizing choices.
As issues related to supply chain risk continue to garner the attention of senior executives, this study provides an empirical link to the likely impact of their risk assessments on the operational aspects of their businesses. In particular, the findings reported here:
- Reinforce the importance of accurately assessing risk probabilities across the supply chain and sensitizing leaders to the differential impact of varying risk potentials on operational reactions (for instance, the tendency to overreact or underreact).
- Alert executives to the possible insufficiency of the inventory management processes on which they rely. The final decision on inventory quantity is often subject to individual judgment, and individuals make significant errors in arriving at those judgments. Leaders should consider enhanced process- and technology-based solutions to improve decision making.
- Suggest that individuals may adjust inventory simply for the sake of making an adjustment. If the company has a set policy for statistically determining optimal inventory levels, these levels should not be adjusted without good reason (for example, specific expectations not factored into the statistical model). This once again points to a possible need for process- or technology-based monitoring or interventions to avoid costly inventory errors.
Overall, the findings presented here offer a perspective for company leaders on the influence of cognitive bias and error on operational and business performance. They also provide important insights into just one of the many aspects of human bias and cognitive limitation and the possible impact of such flawed thinking on company performance.
EndnotesView all endnotes
- See, for example, Edgeworth, F., "The mathematical theory of banking," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society vol. 51, no. 1 (March, 1888): pp. 113–127; Arrow, K., Harris, T., and Mashack, J., "Optimal Inventory Policy," Econometrica vol. 19, no. 3 (July, 1951): pp. 250–272.
- In the interest of technical accuracy, we recognize that the Newsvendor approach is used to identify the profit-maximizing service level for an inventory choice. Identification of actual inventory levels based on that service level is a straightforward statistical exercise. For simplicity, we refer to the entire planning approach as "The Newsvendor Approach." An excellent discussion of the Newsvendor approach can be found in chapter 12 of Matching Supply with Demand: An Introduction to Operations Management, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill Irwin) by Gerrard Cachon and Christian Terwiesch.
- Marchese, K., Paramasivam, S., "The Ripple Effect: How manufacturing and retail executives view the growing challenge of supply chain risk." Deloitte Consulting LLP, 2013.
- Marchese, K., and O'Dwyer, J., "From Risk to Resilience: Using analytics and visualization to reduce supply chain vulnerability," Deloitte Review Issue 14, January 2014: pp. 122–133.
- The United States Census Bureau, "Manufacturing and trade inventories and sales," September 2013, <http://www.census.gov/mtis/, accessed September 25, 2013>
- Tristen is a disguised name for a real company that participated in our research.
- von Neumann, J. and Morgenstern, O., Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1944); Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D., "Rational choice and the framing of decisions," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59, no. 4 (October 1986): pp. 251–278.
- Rabin, M. and Thaler, R., "Risk aversion," Journal of Economic Perspectives vol 15, issue 1 (Winter 2001): pp. 219–232.
- Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A., eds., Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, (Cambridge, New York, and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
- Fisher, M. and Raman A., "Reducing the cost of demand uncertainty through accurate response to early sales," Operations Research vol. 44, no. 1 (January/February 1996): pp. 87–99; Schweitzer, M. and Cachon, G., "Decision bias in the Newsvendor problem with a known demand distribution: Experimental evidence," Management Science vol. 46, no. 3 (March 2000): pp. 404–420; Eeckhoudt, L., Gollier, C., and Schlesinger, H., "The risk-averse (and prudent) newsboy," Management Science vol. 41, no. 5 (May 1995), pp. 786–794; Bolton, G. and Katok, E., "Learning by doing in the Newsvendor problem: A laboratory investigation of the role of experience and feedback," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management vol. 10, no. 3 (Summer 2008): pp. 519–538; Su, X., "Bounded rationality in Newsvendor models," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management vol. 10, no. 4, (Fall 2008): pp. 566–589.
- For an overview of experimental approaches see List, John A., "Field experiments: A bridge between lab and naturally occurring data," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy vol. 6, no. 2 (2006).
- As an incentive, participants were offered a chance to win a new iPad. The probability of an individual winning the iPad was based on how close to "optimal" their answers were in each case.
- For ease of discussion, we have rounded all quantities to whole numbers throughout this article.
- Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A., "Choices, values, and frames," American Psychologist vol. 39, no. 4 (April 1984): pp. 341–350.
- Cachon, G., and Terwiesc, C., Matching Supply with Demand: An Introduction to Operations Management, Chapter 12, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill Irwin).
- You can verify this in Excel using the function NORMSINV(probability), inserting a value of 0.9 for "probability."
- Schweitzer and Cachon, "Decision bias in the Newsvendor problem" Management Science.
- In addition to presenting the percentage of participants who provided a "rational" response, table 3 also presents a range within which we are 99 percent confident that the true proportion of the entire population of inventory managers would fall. This interval runs between 71.4 percent on the low end (Epsilon) and 98.9 percent on the high end (Zeta).
- We again refer the reader to chapter 12 of Matching Supply with Demand: An Introduction to Operations Management, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill Irwin) by Gerrard Cachon and Christian Terwiesch for an explanation of how these estimates are possible.
- Tokar, T., Aloysius, J.A., and Waller, M.A., "Supply chain inventory replenishment: The debiasing effect of declarative knowledge," Decision Sciences vol. 43, no. 3 (June 2012): pp. 525–546.
- See, for example, Simon, H.A., Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organizations, 4th edition (The Free Press, New York, 1997).
- Enis, C., "Dual-metric measurement of the impact of complexity on decision quality," Decision Sciences vol. 17, no. 1 (Winter 1986): pp. 16–32.
- We will report results from this subset of higher performing managers. Results of the analysis that include less rational responders are largely consistent with those presented here.
- Out of 732 opportunities, only two adjustments were made that came within ±5 units of optimal, a success rate of approximately 0.3 percent.
- Kahneman and Tversky, "Choices, values, and frames," American Psychologist.
- Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A., "Prospect Theory: An analysis of decision under risk," Econometrica vol. 47, no. 2 (March 1979): pp. 263–292.


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I just do not understand why the Key Largo exit on Highway 54 was partly closed. If they are going to close one, they need to close all other like exits on the road.
People need to be responsible drivers and pay attention to the traffic.
I actually witnessed a car going east at that exit making a U-turn to head back west. I think the closing of that exit has caused more problems than solutions. If the roads were shut down after every accident that happened, there would be nowhere to drive.
Drivers — be alert and take responsibility for safety.
Location, ST | website.com


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With just weeks to go in the 2013 budget, the Camden County Planning and Zoning department is running about $40,000 over what was budgeted for legal expenses.
Camden County Commissioners Kris Franken and Bev Thomas as well as Planning Director Don Hathaway declined to answer questions on why the department is seeing a rise in legal costs.
Camden County budgeted a total of $50,000 for planning and zoning legal expenses for 2013. With the end of the year fast approaching, the department has spent approximately $90,000. The planning and zoning department is represented by Husch and Blackwell of Jefferson City.
Associate Commissioner Cliff Luber said based on the projected figures, the planning and zoning department will not increase the line item in the 2014 budget. It will remain at $50,000. The county uses funds from a miscellaneous government fund to cover the additional legal costs, he said.
Planning and zoning has come up against a number of legal issues in 2013, including an ongoing legal battle with Gary Prewitt, the developer/owner of Lazy Gators. However, officials have declined to say what other planning and zoning issues have caused the spike in expenses.
It is unclear whether the issues that arose in 2013 that caused the spike in legal expenses will be resolved by the end of the year.
Location, ST | website.com


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- CARE: Machine wash


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Chad Mills">
News 12 at 6 o'clock / Wednesday, March 30, 2011
SAVANNAH RIVER SITE---This morning, before the rain came, a team of scientists from Savannah River Site brought only News 12 along as they took an air sample. They weren't monitoring pollen or air pollution but rather radiation all the way from Japan's Fukushima reactor. Today's results aren't public yet, but recent samples show radiation is being detected.
"This was really kind of expected, because we anticipated that we would see very low levels of radioactivity from the incident that happened at the Fukushima Plant," said Thom Berry, a spokesman for the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
He says monitors around the country have noticed a rise in Iodine 131, the radioisotope produced by nuclear fission.
"Is it a concern? Is it a problem for the public? No. Not at the levels we are seeing," he told News 12.
How low are the levels? They're about 0.1 millirem. What does that mean?
"Every year we get about 650 millirems of radiation just from life itself," said Berry.
"I'm totally not worried," said Dr. Darko Pucar, a radiologist at MCG Health.
He says the X-rays at his hospital give off much more radiation than what is being measured at SRS right now.
"It would be probably 1,000 or even 10,000 times more than that level of radiation," he said.
Back in Columbia, Berry says the tests going on now are about staying informed and being prepared. They've just been testing the air for now, but they do have the ability to test local waterways. Berry says the public seems to be scared right now, but they have no need to be.
"I've had people who have called my office to ask me, 'Do I need to take potassium iodine? Do I need to go try to find some masks?'" he told News 12.
Berry says rather than buying a mask or other materials, it would be smarter to send money to help relief efforts in Japan.


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Top Definition
When a person licks their finger, a'la a wet willy, but instead of slipping it in your ear, goes right for your butt hole.
"Dude, why did I hear you scream so loud last night?"
"That douche nugget, Pete, gave me a silly willy."
"That douche nugget, Pete, gave me a silly willy."
by M.TOMP April 26, 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A term of endearment similar to Funny Goober.
girl: Youre my funny goober.
Guy: Well, youre my silly willy.
Guy: Well, youre my silly willy.
by Greg Bennett August 06, 2006
Just know that if your doctor says you have it, you are seriously fucked. see panda madness.
Holy shit honey, that man has the silly willies!
by Harry Truman April 06, 2008
This is when a guy is getting head from a girl, and right before he is about to ejaculate he pulls out and sticks his wet dick in the girls ear and then blows his load in it.
Jack pulled out of Jill's mouth and gave her a Silly Willy.
by Sean January 20, 2005
A wet willy to the eye socket.
"Ah god don't give me a silly willy!"
by submison February 22, 2009
Silly Willy
The process of finger banging a lady and then sticking your wet finger in her ear.
The process of finger banging a lady and then sticking your wet finger in her ear.
Jack totally gave Jane a Silly Willy last night.
by jones3jd January 04, 2010


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As infectious diseases continue to take their toll around the world, there is an urgent need for rapid, highly sensitive, and specific clinical diagnostics that are easy to use, cost-effective, and can diagnose individuals infected with pathogens or exposed to toxins.
Accurate diagnoses are essential for public health laboratories, hospital-based clinical laboratories, and point-of-care settings so that appropriate therapy can be initiated. Medical diagnostics that will rapidly identify infections are a high priority, as are diagnostic tools to determine drug sensitivities and detect a broad range of infectious agents in clinical specimens.
NIAID accepts diagnostics grant applications submitted through two general types of funding opportunities, Investigator-initiated funding opportunities and applications submitted in response to Request for Application (RFA) announcements.
There are a variety of Parent Announcements applicants may use to submit their Investigator-initiated research projects including R01, R03, R21 activity codes, as well as funding opportunities available to Small Businesses (see below). Each Parent Announcement has three receipt dates per year.
In addition to investigator-initiated funding opportunities, NIAID periodically releases Request for Application (RFA) announcements to stimulate targeted research by requesting grant applications in a well-defined scientific area such as diagnostics development. Unlike the Parent Announcements, RFAs have a single receipt date and identify funds set aside and the number of awards likely to be made.
NIAID also supports diagnostics research conducted by Small Businesses through grants awarded via the following Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Funding Opportunities:
If you have general questions regarding any of these diagnostics funding opportunities, please contact Dr. Maria Giovanni or Eun Mi Lee.
For a complete list of NIAID funding opportunities, please see Research Funding.
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Last Updated August 03, 2016


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RPG Miniatures
Put some character into your game with these solid metal miniatures. These RPG miniatures are cast in a heroic scale (25mm). These minis are fun to paint, or you can play with them just as they are. We also carry pre-painted, plastic minis from the Legendary Encounters line in case you want them ready-to-go right out of the box
Townsfolk II$12.99A whore, a beggar, and a blacksmith. You can attack them all if you're chaotic neutral!
An unpainted, heroic scale (25mm) miniature figurine for adventure gaming. Learn More


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Read King Lear's Unhappy That Am I, I Cannot Heave soliloquy below with modern English translation & analysis
Spoken by Cordelia, King Lear, Act 1, Scene 1
Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave
My heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty
According to my bond; no more nor less.
Good my lord,
You have begot me, bred me, lov'd me; I
Return those duties back as are right fit,
Obey you, love you, and most honour you.
Why have my sisters husbands, if they say
They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed,
That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry
Half my love with him, half my care and duty.
Sure I shall never marry like my sisters,
To love my father all.
"Unhappy That Am I, I Cannot Heave" Soliloquy Translation:
Unhappy as I am, I can't express in words the things that are in my heart. I love your Majesty according to my duty as a daughter. No more, no less. My dear lord, you have conceived me, brought me up and loved me. I return those duties accordingly – obey you, love you, and honour you entirely. Why do my sisters have husbands if they say they love you exclusively? If it happens that I should marry, that man who has my hand in marriage will have half my love, half my care and duty. Certainly, I'll never marry like my sisters to love my father totally.
See other King Lear soliloquies >>
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1985-11-14 Char-Koosta News
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Pre-canvassed primary votes put all five incumbents on December ballot Unconfirmed results from the November 9 primary Tribal Council election show that the membership has confidence in the current leadership - except in two of five districts where the incumbents came in second. Chairman Joe "Joe Dog" Felsman lost by a scant dozen votes to challenger Fred Matt in St Ignatius. 0) 10 00 I 10 o O CO Sal o '2 o The two were Mission's only candidates so they'll both be on the general election ballot in December. In the Elmo-Dayton district incumbent Al Hewankorn got about one vote for every two garnered by former Council member Lawrence Kenmille The score here was Kenmille 314, incumbent Hewankorn 163. Four years ago, the figures told a different story when Hewankorn beat out then-incumbent Kenmille In Poison, the spread between first and second place was almost as narrow as Mission's. Appointee Rose Evans finished with 271 votes, compared to former Elmo-Dayton representative Pat Lefthand's 258 votes. Ronan's incumbent Bob McCrea did very well, getting 287 votes, compared to runner-up John Vallee's 130. In Arlee, incumbent Jim Steele seems in good shape with 374 votes -the highest vote count in this election. Sole challenger Darrell Armstrong polled 224. Both advance to the general ballot Totals for all the primary candidates follow. The figures are preliminary ones, pending the outcome of the absentee ballot counting and overall election canvassing November 13. ARLEE: incumbent Jim Steele, 374; Darrell Armstrong, 224. ELMO-DAYTON: Lawrence Kenmille, 314; incumbent Al Hewankorn, 163; George Hewankorn, 116. (Concludes on page 7) December per capita: only $250 to be held ss co When it approved making a per capita payment to Tribal members in December, the Council added this twist: people owing money to the Tribes or the United States will only have half of their payments withheld. The November 1 resolution approving the $500 payment points out that the "half only" provision is specific to the December 1985 payment Subsequent payments to indebted adult Tribal members may be withheld totally-or not - at the Council's future discretion. While the recently adopted 30-year Kerr Dam revenue spending plan calls for twice-yearly per capita payments of $500 in September and December, each distribution must be accompanied by its own authorizing resolution. As approved by the Tribal Council at the October quarterly meeting, parents or guardians of enrolled minor children will receive half of their children's payments. The remaining $250 per child will be placed in a trust account with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Pablo where it will accumulate interest until the child reaches legal age.
Object Description
|1985-11-14 Char-Koosta News
|Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation.
|Salish Indians --Newspapers.; Kutenai Indians --Newspapers.; Pablo (Montana) --Newspapers.; Kootenai Indians
|Pre-canvassed primary votes put all five incumbents on December ballot; December per capita: only $250 to be held; Off-Reservation moose hunting now requires a permit; Tribal Council gives green light to plan to get itself out of business; Suggested time-table for S and K Industries, Inc.; Why can't the Tribes make a profit?; 'No dinner?' District meeting still attracts about 60; Melqnu-Suqsuq Day featured workshops, feast and pow wow; Tribal member to serve as CAT chairperson; Housing programs consolidate; Indian enterpreneurs receive awards; Jicarilla Apaches issue in bonds under Tax Status Act; Tribe proposes development corporation to provide venture capital; Arizona newspapers refuse ads from Indian bingo.
|Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Nation
|Date Original
|Date Digital
|Resource Identifier
|Rights Management
|Copyright (c) Salish and Kootenai Federated Tribes, all rights reserved.
|Contributing Institution
|Salish Kootenai College
|D'Arcy McNickle Library
|Vol. 14, No. 14
|Digitization Specifications
|Digitized at the University of Montana Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library; Scanned as master TIFF using Bookeye 3 scanner at 400 ppi, 8 bit grayscale; Optical Character Recognition with Abbyy FineReader Corporate Edition; Derivatives created using Photoshop CS
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This Friday, law enforcement agencies across eight states will be taking part in the quarterly "Get Your 'Clicks' on Route 66" seat belt crackdown, focusing on seat belt and child passenger safety laws.
The mobilization runs for 24 hours on Friday, Aug. 2.
Highway Patrol Troopers and State Police Officers from California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Kansas and Illinois are invited to join with Oklahoma in enforcing seat belt laws along the famed "Mother Road," said OHP Lt. Ben Crockett, coordinator for the program.
The Route 66 enforcement effort began in 2010 with a handful of law enforcement agencies in central Oklahoma. The 24-hour mobilizations now take place four times a year along Route 66 and involve law enforcement agencies from Illinois to California.
"These focused enforcement periods along Route 66 have turned out to be a great way to remind people of the importance of buckling up," Crockett said. "Seat belts and child car seats are the best way to protect you and your family in the event of a crash."
"We want everyone to buckle up – every trip, every time," Crockett said. "And during the Route 66 crackdown, we're out there to remind people that using a seat belt is not only a smart decision, it's the law."
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, about 13,000 lives are saved across the country every year by seat belts and child restraints, and motorists are 75 percent less likely to be killed in rollover crashes if they are buckled up.
For more information about seat belt and child passenger safety laws, visit www.ohso.ok.gov.
Location, ST | website.com


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Burmese python
The Burmese python is one of the largest snake species, reaching lengths of up to 20 feet. In general, females are larger than males.
Pythons are extremely sensitive to smell. They use the Jacobson's organ, located in the roof of the mouth, to smell their prey. As the snake darts its tongue in and out of its mouth, it is bringing small particles from the air to this organ. This organ acts as a secondary smell system in snakes, bats, and other mammals.
Once the prey is caught, Burmese pythons are able to swallow it whole because they have hinged jaws. These snakes can swallow prey four to five times as wide as their heads.
Burmese pythons do not need to eat very often; just once a week is generally sufficient. They are able to go for months at a time on only one meal. These pythons enjoy rabbits, mice, rats, birds, and other mammals.
Female Burmese pythons lay anywhere from 12 to 100 eggs at a time. They gather their eggs in a pile and coil their bodies around them for the duration of their incubation. Females can increase their own body temperature, and thus the temperature of the eggs they are incubating, by small muscle movements. Burmese pythons are known for being good mothers and they will very rarely leave their eggs unattended.
Range: southeast Asia
Habitat: tropical rainforests, grasslands (near water)
Squares link to animal fun facts.


text:
Latest revision or update: 9 November 2014
The town of Hinckley in the English East Midlands has a population of about 43,000. It was an urban district until 1974, when it was merged with adjoining areas to form the District (later Borough) of Hinckley and Bosworth, still remaining within the county of Leicestershire.
Only one Jewish congregation, the Hinckley Hebrew Congregation, is known to have existed in Hinckley.
Congregation Data
Other Hinckley Jewish Information
Jewish Congregations in LeicestershireJewish Communities of England home page
List of Federation of Synagogues congregations
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this website or information found at this site for any commercial purpose.


text:
2.5-5 Testimony of Police Officials
New September 30, 2011
Police officials have testified.
You should neither believe nor disbelieve the testimony of a police official
just because (he/she) is a police official. You must determine the credibility
of police officials in the same way and by the same standards as you would
evaluate the testimony of any other witness. You should recall (his/her)
demeanor on the stand, (his/her) manner of testifying, and evaluate it just
as carefully as you would the testimony of any other witness.
It is preferable to give appropriate emphasis to the instruction on police testimony by devoting
a separate instruction to that subject. State v. Banks, 59 Conn. App. 112, 132-35, cert. denied,
254 Conn. 950 (2000); State v. Nieves, 36 Conn. App. 546, 550, cert. denied, 232 Conn. 916 (1995).
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prolyphic81 wrote: Yes, I will do a set longer 30 mins. I can also test out the stand-up comedy routine I've been working on. Whatever you want.
I'm working on getting out to England. I'm thinking about doing a European tour, but if that doesn't pan out to my benefit I will just setup 4 or 5 shows in the UK.


text:
Since 2006, Eisenkrätzer has been the director of the company's non-GMP pilot plant at the Penzberg Biotech Research Center, responsible for process optimization, scale-up, and technology transfer. For this project, carried out over a two-year period, he coordinated technical requirements and user resources among all the departments involved to ensure that all departments, from research to clinical supply, established the same technologies.
Q: What were the main drivers for this in-depth analysis and comparison of single-use bioreactors?
Q: What were the key problems you faced?
Lack of experience with stirred single-use bioreactors (SUBs) was the key issue. We have a long tradition of building stainless steel pilot plants, so for disposables, there was a lot of uncertainty as to how to go about things.
Q: Did you look to other companies to provide support?
Yes, we used external groups to carry out a number of studies. NNE Pharmaplan supported us with concept studies in terms of layout and infrastructure. Through the use of disposables we were able to reduce our plant footprint by 23%.
Biopharm Services provided us with process modelling and cost of goods analysis with a software package to analyze a particular installation. Here, the analysis demonstrated that significant savings could be achieved through a targeted implementation of disposables.
The lifecycle assessment of the SUBs was supported by ESU Services and demonstrated that CO2 emissions were reduced by 65%, electricity by 42%, air by 98%, and steam by 80%, whereas chilled water increased by 12% and oxygen 100%.
We also wanted to gain experience from other end users. We made visits to Genentech and Lonza. We developed our own waste management concepts.
Q: How did you develop the methodology for this analysis?
We used our global guidelines for the methodology development of when to look at new technologies. The team defines the approach to implementation. The guidelines require that key stakeholders have input; in this case, this included process R&D, manufacturing, procurement, engineering, and quality assurance (QA).
Q: What areas needed the most analysis?
Single-use sensors. We are collaborating directly with the sensor companies to work on the integration and improvement of these sensors.
Q: How successful was your methodology?
The benefit of a standardized procedure is that you get all the users around the table, and by basing discussions on data, you build a rational consensus. The evaluations gained increased credibility and acceptance as each department evaluated more than one disposable type.
Q: Did the list of bioreactors you compared comprise all the key suppliers at that time?
We evaluated the following configurations:
Whenever possible, automation and bag systems have been combined in different variants.
Our main focus was on vendors with a global presence and global support because these systems would be supplied to our sites in Europe, Asia, or the US.
Q: What criteria did the suppliers have to meet?
The films have to comply with USP Class VI requirements, so we pay attention to whether the suppliers make the films themselves or buy them, and what the manufacturing and quality systems are that they have in place.
An important criteria was that the vendor could supply SUBs from 50 to 1,000-L. There were not many companies who had a 1,000 L bioreactor readily available when we carried out this evaluation, so that limited our evaluation. There may be more now.


text:
See images from Himawari-8 in the new satellite viewer
This demonstration product is most suitable for people
with fast internet connection and high data allowance.
Low-definition satellite images
Satellite View Selection
14:30 AEST on Thursday 25 August 2016 | False colour temperatures, Australia
Images from Japan Meteorological Agency satellite Himawari 8 via Bureau of Meteorology.
IDY28000 Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology Bureau National Operations Centre Satellite Notes for the 0000UTC Chart on 25 August 2016 Issued at 11:11 am EST Thursday on 25 August 2016 A surface trough and associated upper level trough are generating an extensive cloud band that covers most of the eastern seaboard and extends out over the Tasman Sea towards New Zealand as well as over parts of the Coral Sea. A weakening low pressure system over South Australia is generating areas of cloud over most of the state, as well as low cloud over the southern coast of Western Australia. Cloud associated with a strong cold front is visible to the west of WA. Patchy low cloud associated with a low pressure trough lies over parts of Tasmania and southern Victoria.


text:
Make counting and calculating your end of month food and beverage inventory easier and more accurate with this spreadsheet.
You will need to invest a few hours of upfront time to enter your restaurants specific product list and unit prices in the Inventory template. Thereafter, the form will do all the extensions for your (multiply the number of each item counted by the unit price) and it will total each inventory category automatically. Each month's count sheets can be saved for future reference.
This template comes in a Microsoft Excel (.xls) file format.


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BEAVER CREEK, Colorado - Athletes who excelled in Vail Resorts new recreational ski racing program were personally congratulated by the most decorated female ski racer in U.S. history on Saturday at Beaver Creek. Lindsey Vonn handed out awards to the podium finishers of VR's new EpicMix racing program, a season-long ski racing competition which replaced Nastar at the company's resorts this year and culminated with a championship at Beaver Creek on Saturday."I'm excited that this program worked," said Vonn, who set the curve by which all other EpicMix racing times were judged earlier this season at a course on Golden Peak in Vail. " I've been having a really good time following you guys on Twitter and Facebook, and seeing those fast times. My brother still didn't beat me ... Next year hopefully I'll be out there racing with you guys, and I want to see some faster times!"Currently recovering from a knee surgery, Vonn wasn't able to participate in Saturday's races."I'm really sorry I couldn't be up there racing with you guys," she told a crowd of several hundred that had gathered at Beaver Creek for the awards ceremony. Audrey Schultz of Granby, winner of the women's 60-64 year-old category, accepted her award on stage wearing a knee brace similar to Vonn's."I had a full knee reconstruction with implant here in Vail by Dr. Gary Hess or Denver-Vail Orthopaedics about a year ago," she said. "The recovery's been great."Schultz said the EpicMix racing program was a nice addition to her recovery. "They're very kind and generous, and very patient with us older folks," she said. "It's something to see older women racing in a speed suit, let me tell you."Men's overall winner Natron Smith had the fastest time in the field at 57.44, but said getting to spend a moment with Vonn on stage was the highlight of the program for him."I told her she was beautiful, and that she looked like a movie star," Smith said.Following the awards, Vonn announced she is awarding six youth ski racers scholarships to local race programs at Vail, Beaver Creek, Breckenridge, Keystone, Heavenly and Northstar. Vail Resorts donated a portion of its revenue from the new EpicMix Race program across the six resorts to support Vonn's commitment to giving back to the skiing community for future generations. Two scholarships will be given to Ski & Snowboard Club Vail, for Vail and Beaver Creek racers; two scholarships will be given to Team Summit for Keystone and Breckenridge racers; and one scholarship each will be awarded to the Heavenly Ski & Snowboard Foundation and the Northstar Ski Racing Club. "Making ski racing fun, engaging and accessible for kids and families is an exciting opportunity and a deep passion of mine," Vonn said. "As ambassador and official pacesetter for Vail Resorts' new EpicMix Race program, I'm thrilled to be able to offer six scholarships to local ski and snowboard clubs to help young racers work towards achieving their dreams."
Back to: News
March 31, 2013
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Vail, the world-class resort destination, has never been stronger.
The big renaissance that led to taller new buildings to replace the old at just the right time, along with the town's renewed emphasis on events and Vail Resorts' constant improvement of the mountain, paid off in record sales tax revenues, an eye-popping amount of town reserve funds and the growing envy of ski towns everywhere.
During a recession.
I mean, who is able to pile up $69 million in rainy day accounts during a giant downturn besides Vail? That's more than the town's annual budget.
Surely great luck and timing play their part. But I also remember then-Councilman Kent Logan warning in 2007 that a certain kind of storm was coming, the likes of which we'd never seen, and Vail better get ready.
I remember some observers laughing politely at him since we were in the midst of a giant boom that none of the "experts" could see ending. They were far more concerned with employee housing and transportation pressures that surely were coming with a population steaming toward 100,000 in the valley.
But town leaders took his advice to heart, and the combination of prudent steps and the renaissance already underway played out just about as well as could possibly be for these times.
On top of all that, Vail Resorts introduced the game-changing Epic Pass.
I'm not sure what Vail could have done better as a resort as we celebrate its 50th year.
Meanwhile, the center of the community has drifted west of Dowd Junction. Today's town proper is dominated by second homes and seasonal workers. The diaspora of Vail local residents who have moved downvalley rivals the Irish.
The community's rich heritage - highlighted in our remembrances on the 50th year - runs in sharp relief to today's town.
Town leaders, bless them, talk often about keeping the Vail community in Vail, but that ship has long since sailed ... toward Edwards, where most of the professional jobs and homes are these days.
Alas, Red Sandstone Elementary is emblematic. Town Council members wax poetic about preventing closure by chaining themselves to the front doors of the half-empty school that must import half the students it does have from Minturn and Red Cliff.
Don't get me wrong. I love Vail. It's a great place, with the greatest people, especially our still-living pioneers.
I just think the community boundaries need to be redrawn, from Wolcott up, for a true city of Vail.
Editor and Publisher Don Rogers can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or 970-748-2920.


text:
Metallic Platinum/Electric Green/Black
- Pick up the pace!
- Currently Unavailable
Lightweight boot for the ideal combo of speed and performance.
UPPER: Soft and supple synthetic leather offers a great feel on the ball.
Contoured speed last i anatomically correct to mirror the shape of the foot for a snug, track spike-like fit.
MIDSOLE: Contoured sockliner delivers low-profile cushioning and optimum comfort.
OUTSOLE: Lightweight TPU for explosive acceleration combined with exceptional multi-directional grip and traction.
Asymmetric traction stud pattern uses geometric placement for instant acceleration and quick changes in direction.
Texture pattern at toe for take-off speed and added grip.
Direct-injected bladed studs have a sharp silhouette that cut quickly in and out of the field for constant acceleration.
Speed stud at midfoot enhances acceleration and support in the high pressure zone for full-speed sprints.
For use on firm, natural surfaces. WEIGHT: 8.4 oz.
Los botines Victory son ligeros para ajustarse al ritmo del fútbol sala y ademeas brindan tracción, acolchonamiento y control excepcionales, todo en una presentación de increíblemente bajo perfil. CORTE: Cuero sintético suave para un mejor ajuste y mayor c


text:
Overdue kayakers found safe on island eating lobster
NEW CASTLE - A pair of overdue kayakers were found safe on an island eating lobster Monday night, after an intensive four-hour search by the Coast Guard along the Piscataqua River.
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Give me a break.
A recent TV ad by Shelley Berkley stated that she cracked down on meth labs in our communities. Please explain how you did that.
My guess is that you could trip over the equipment in a meth lab and wonder who was conducting a science experiment. That is assuming you have visited a storage locker, a buried shipping container, or ram-shack house typically used for the production of meth.
I am a retired police officer who has seen too many meth labs, none with Ms. Berkley in sight, so I would also guess that Ms. Berkley could not discern a pile of meth from table salt.
Ads like this assume I am stupid and only prove the candidate who "approved this message" is not worthy of my vote.
Robert Edwards
Incline Village