text:
firefly wrote:
Explain the physics on how 2 planes can take down 3 towers? The small bit of fire on B7 was hardly enough to cause that spectacular controled demolition type fall.
firefly wrote: And once again, nobody can explain it.
Who needs to think for yourself when there's an institution that does all the thinking for you.
mancabbage wrote: huh? them shits fell down because two big fucking planes went into them. I saw it on the tv mate. Never played jenga?
Fire resistance of framed
Ian Burgess
University of Sheffield, UK
Until recently few buildings that experienced serious fires collapsed as a
result of those fires. However, the dramatic and tragic collapse of the twin
towers of the World Trade Center last September, which was due not to the
initial impacts but to the fires created by the aviation fuel, has prompted
close examination of the way in which buildings can fail in fires. The effects
of fires on multi-storey buildings are examined here and may allow us to
construct safer buildings in the future.
(Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
The attack on the twin towers of the World
Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001
brought into the public eye the hazards that fire
can pose to major building structures. The twin
towers themselves, known as WTC1 and WTC2,
withstood the massive local damage caused by
impact from Boeing 767-200 aircraft, but fell some
time later after fires ignited by the jet fuel had
burned unchecked around the impact zones. The
collapse of the towers, and the loss of life that
was caused, has tended to eclipse the fact that
the 47-storey WTC7 also collapsed several hours
later. This building had experienced some damage
caused by the debris from the twin towers, but
the key aspect was that so many firemen had been
killed in the collapse of Buildings 1 and 2 that the
New York Fire Brigade was unable to fight fires
started by the initial damage.
Although lives are regularly lost in fires in
buildings they are very rarely lost because of
structural collapse. Most deaths occur in the
home, and the main hazard to occupants of any
kind of building in fire is ingesting smoke. These
deaths occur quite early in a typical fire, when the
* The contents of this article were presented at the Institute of
Physics Annual Congress held in Brighton in April 2002.
temperatures of the load-bearing structure are still
too low for collapse to be an issue.
Fire temperatures
The way a fire develops is controlled by a
three-way balance of fuel, oxygen supply and
temperature. When water hoses are used to fight a
fire the main effect is to cool the atmosphere and
the structure, which inhibits the reaction between
fuel and oxygen. Alternatively, CO2 extinguishers
replace oxygen in the vicinity of the fire for
long enough to kill the reaction. In a typical
building fire the relationship between atmospheric
temperature and time goes through a sequence of
phases (figure 1). During the ignition phase there
is very little immediate danger. This is followed by
a period of relatively slowgrowth, in which the fire
stays very localized although significant amounts
of smoke may be generated. The transition from a
local to a fully developed fire is generally sudden,
at a 'flash-over' when the flame reaches the ceiling
of the compartment and all the organic material
present starts to burn. The fire temperature then
rises rapidly until it reaches a peak when heat
input is balanced by heat losses, and then falls
as fuel is consumed. After flash-over effective
fire-fighting is almost impossible, and fire brigades
usually concentrate on preventing spread to other
buildings or to other storeys of the same building.
Afire's temperature growth is very sensitive to
the amount, nature and distribution of combustible
material, the ventilation characteristics of the fire
compartment, and the materials of the surrounding
surfaces. It is very difficult to predict, and for
convenience a standard time–temperature curve is
adopted internationally against which building fire
resistance ratings are measured. This standard
fire curve starts at flash-over and its temperature
increases indefinitely, making it completely
unrealistic as a model of a real fire.
Multi-storey buildings in fire
Buildings can be constructed in many different
ways. The system adopted for a particular
building in a particular place depends on its use
and a combination of local economic factors and
statutory requirements, as well as the willingness
of architects, engineers, occupants and control
authorities to accept unfamiliar systems. Modern
multi-storey construction tends to use a structural
frame, effectively the building's skeleton, to carry
the floors. This allows large numbers of storeys in
a building and leaves almost complete flexibility
to its owners to partition each storey as they
wish. Structural frames may be constructed
from reinforced concrete or steel. In Britain and
North America the great majority of such frames
use structural steelwork systems, because these
are extremely efficient to build. In composite
construction, the most common of the current
systems, the concrete floor slabs are continuously
connected to the beams of the structural frame,
creating a very robust structure in which local
loads are shared among a range of members as
well as those that directly support them.
All common building materials lose strength
when heated to high temperatures. For steel the
change can be seen in the stress–strain curves
(figure 2) at temperatures as low as 300 ◦C.
Although steel does not melt until about 1500 ◦C,
only 23% of the ambient-temperature strength
remains at 700 ◦C. At 800 ◦C this has reduced
to 11% and at 900 ◦C to 6%. Concrete also loses
strength as its temperature increases, because of
a combination of internal cracking and chemical
changes. As a brittle material the stress–strain
curves for concrete (figure 3) are different in
form from those for steel. The curves all have
a maximum compressive strength, followed by
a rapidly descending branch, and little tensile
Fire resistance requirements
Fire safety requirements for buildings are set
by law, and attempt to reflect the risks that
fires pose to the occupants and to fire-fighters.
The general fire safety scenario for a building
includes provision of adequate means of escape
for occupants, fire detection and control, together
with a fire resistance requirement for the structure
which is expressed as a period of time. For
example, a hospital, which contains patients who
need to be moved with great care, would have
a four-hour fire resistance rating, while a lowrise
office building might only require 30 minutes.
It is not generally appreciated that this is not a
guaranteed survival time for the structure if a fire
occurs. It actually relates to the behaviour of the
structure as if it were subjected to the international
standard heating curve.
The most effective form of fire resistance is
fire prevention. This is possible using suitable
temperature and smoke detection systems, which
can be linked directly to the local fire brigade.
These 'active' systems include sprinklers, which
are activated by atmospheric temperatures well
below the flash-over point. They are surprisingly
effective in suppressing local fires before they
have a chance to become fully developed, and if
maintained properly have a reliability of over 99%.
The most usual way of achieving the fire
resistance requirement for a steel-framed structure
is simply to cover the exposed steel with a
prescribed thickness of an insulating material.
The most common insulation materials are fireresistant
boarding, cementitious sprays, and
intumescent paints which expand to form a thick
lightweight coating when heated to about 300 ◦C.
The required thickness of the alternative systems is
specified by the protection manufacturers, and has
the sole objective of keeping the steel temperature
below a fixed critical temperature (usually 550 ◦C)
within the fire resistance period, irrespective of
the loading level. The fixed critical temperature
is based on reduction of steel strength until the
normal design safety factors on fully loaded
members have been fully eroded. A more rational
performance-based approach has been introduced
recently which relates the critical temperature of
any member to its load level. This is logical
because a lightly loaded member does not fail
until it reaches a very high temperature, and will
therefore survive much longer than a fully loaded
member. In a normal building, in which members
have a range of load levels that are all well below
the maximum loadings for which the members are
designed, the performance-based approach leads
to lower requirements for fire protection than the
prescriptive approach, and is clearly more realistic
in at least this sense.
The high degree of continuity in composite
framed buildings means that local loads are shared
by parts of the structure that are quite remote
from the loads themselves. In fire, when the
loss of strength and stiffness of heated parts is
happening at the same time as restrained thermal
expansion, this usually causes the inherent fire
resistance of a real building to be much higher
than is indicated by these methods based on
members with no interaction. The only way of
predicting how a continuous building behaves in
fire is by advanced numerical modelling which
includes all the changes in material behaviour at
high temperature, the distributions of temperature
through parts of the structure and the ability
to work accurately at very high deflections and
strains. When designers have the expertise to use
such methods they give the most realistic view of
the way the structure will behave during a fire,
and generally show that much less protection is
necessary than the cruder methods suggest.
Different types of local failure cause different
degrees of risk to a building. Failure of a column
by buckling is potentially disastrous, because the
whole region of the building above it will move
downwards (figure 4) with the top of the failing
column, and even if the weight of this part of
the building could be redistributed to adjacent
columns then they may have to be even stronger
to kill the huge amount of kinetic energy that
may accumulate. The surrounding columns can
be overloaded by the static and dynamic forces
caused by decelerating the motion of this huge
mass of building, and a progressive failure can
develop rapidly. It is not sensible to leave columns
unprotected because the potential consequence is
so extreme. Beams can weaken and undergo
very large deflections (figure 5), but provided
that they remain connected at their ends, and that
the attached slabs do not collapse, all the effects
will usually remain local and there is no building
failure. If floor slabs fail locally as a result of high
deflection, the main problem is that fire can then
spread upwards into the next storey; containment
of a fire so that it can burn out locally is one of the
main objectives of fire safety engineering. If joints
between beams and columns fracture (figure 5),
then several undesirable effects can occur, the
least of which is that the fire can again spread
upwards through the gap. In addition, if beams
lose support then the floors supported by them
collapse onto the floor below, which may not be
strong enough to carry the increased load and could
start a progressive collapse of floor slabs down
the building. Another effect may be to double the
unsupported height of the column to which the
joint is connected, and this considerably reduces
the strength of the column, which may then fail.
Fires in multi-storey buildings
The sheer cost of full-scale fire testing on real
buildings means that until recently only individual
members have been tested in fire, and even these
tests have been on unrealistically short members.
Figure 6. One Meridian Plaza, Philadelphia.
Accidental fires can give clues to the behaviour
patterns, but it is usually impossible to reconstruct
the full scenario including the temperature
development and fire spread. However, several
well-documented fires in recent years have given
a generally optimistic picture of the inherent
fire resistance of steel framed buildings. Two
significant examples are:
• One Meridian Plaza in Philadelphia (figure
6) experienced a major fire on 23–24
February 1991. The fire started on the 22nd
floor of the 38-storey building and spread upwards,
mainly by flames from broken windows
reaching the windows on the storey
above. There was no sprinkler system on
the 21st to the 29th storeys. The local fire
brigade fought the fire for 11 hours, but conditions
in the building were very hazardous and
three fire-fighters died. The brigadewas withdrawn
from the building and the fire burned
unchecked for a further eight hours, consuming
the contents of nine floors. On the 30th
floor a sprinkler system had been installed,
and further fire spread was stopped. There
was no structural collapse during the fire, and
the building stood for several years afterwards
in its damaged state. The key aspect in this
case is that none of the protected columns
failed, although beams were very highly distorted.
• Broadgate Phase 8 in London was fully
constructed, but had not been fire-protected
September 2002 PHYSICS EDUCATION 393
I Burgess
Figure 7. Broadgate Phase 8: London, 1990.
(Photograph courtesy London Fire Brigade.)
when a major fire broke out in contractors'
equipment in 1990. The fire burned in
an open-plan storey of the building for
2 hours, causing total damage estimated
at £20 million. The unprotected internal
columns sustained quite extensive damage,
shortening by as much as 200 mm, and the
long-span beams supporting the upper floor
were very highly distorted (figure 7). The
external columns, which were not as severely
affected, stayed intact and stabilized the
building. Surprisingly, the cost of structural
repairs after the fire (propping and cutting
out the distorted steelwork, jacking-up the
upper floors which hadmoved downwards and
replacing the removed members) was only
2 million.
Because of a widespread feeling after similar
experiences of accidental fires that steel framed
structures are actually much more fire-resistant
than the existing design methods allow, a large
experimental project was run in Britain in the mid-
1990s. A full-scale eight-storey building, typical
of modern medium-rise office structures (although
there was no need to finish it architecturally or
to provide building services), was constructed
inside a massive hangar at Cardington which
had originally been built to house airships in the
1920s. All the floors were loaded with sandbags
to a level typical for offices in the UK. Six
fire tests were performed on the building, with
several hundred measurements of temperatures,
deflections and strains being taken during and after
the fires. The largest test covered a floor area of
380m2, the largest fully instrumented fire test ever
performed. The columns were covered with box
protection because of the severe consequences of
a column failure, but all the internal steel beams
were left completely unprotected. Some of the
fires were lengthy and severe; the temperatures of
steel beams usually reached over 800 ◦C, and in
one test 1150 ◦C, at which the steel retains about
2% of its design strength. However, despite the
fact that these temperatures were well above the
critical temperatures given by the normal design
procedures, and the distortions of floors were quite
high, no failures occurred in any of the tests.
Since the tests finished in 1996 the data produced
have stimulated an upsurge in research aimed at
understanding the complex interactions that take
place during a building fire and producing reliable
numerical models to predict the performance of
future projects at the design stage.
TheWorld Trade Center—11 September
The terrorist attacks on the twin towers of the
World Trade Center in New York, followed by
their collapse and the deaths of 2800 people, have
already had tremendous repercussions in political
and international terms, and the aftershocks
will undoubtedly continue for some time. On
the technical front, one important question has
been why the buildings collapsed after they had
apparently withstood impacts by Boeing 767-
200 aircraft but after the impact floors had been
engulfed in fire. These disastrous building
collapses were unprecedented, and completely at
odds with the experiences of major building fires
in recent years.
The twin towers, known as WTC1 and
WTC2, were designed in the late 1960s, using an
innovative structural system, still almost unique
in tall building construction. This was influenced
by a desire to use production-line techniques of
construction, using pre-fabricated modules that
were as large as possible, assembled in kit form
on site. Wind loads were to be resisted without
the usual systems of diagonal bracing members
or a strong reinforced concrete box enclosing
the service core, but by a 'pierced tube' of
closely spaced external columns rigidly connected
together at each storey level by very deep beams.
The floor system consisted of parallel long-span
steel trusses connected together by corrugated
steel decking onto which the concrete slabs were
cast on site. The slabs were positively connected
to the trusses by allowing the diagonal bracing to
be cast into the concrete. Fire protection to the
floor trusses and most of the external steelwork
was provided by a sprayed coating of lightweight
cementitious material containing mineral fibres.
The service core of the building consisted of
vertical steel columns designed simply to carry
the vertical forces from the inner ends of the
floor trusses. The service cores contained the
emergency stairs as well as the extensive system
of lifts. Since these stairs are the escape route for
occupants they have to be fire-protected, and this
was done by attaching 'dry-wall' (insulating board
similar to plasterboard) around the service cores.
Neither of the fire protection materials used is
particularly resistant to impact or to flying debris.
The layout of the structure is shown in figure 8 and
the main structural modules used in construction in
figure 9. The towers were nearly identical, at 110
storeys above ground, but their rectangular service
core areas were aligned at 90◦ to each other.
The WTC complex actually contained seven
buildings (figure 10), of which only WTC7 (a
47-storey office building constructed in the mid-
1980s) was just outside the city block occupied by
all the other buildings. Of the others WTC3 was a
22-storey hotel, and WTC4 to WTC6 were eightor
nine-storey office buildings.
The main events of 11 September were (all
times EDT):
08.46 WTC1 struck by Boeing 767-200 at
approximately 470 mph, centrally on
North face between floors 94 and 98
09.03 WTC2 struck by Boeing 767-200 at
approximately 590 mph, off-centre on
South face between floors 78 and 84
09.59 WTC2 collapses
10.28 WTC1 collapses
17.20 WTC7 collapses.
In the cases of WTC1 and WTC2 the impact
damage was understandably localized (the mass
of an aircraft would have been somewhat under
200 tonnes while the mass of each tower would
have been about 200 000 tonnes) but this local
damage to structural memberswas obviously quite
extensive. Between 27 and 36 exterior columns
are shown by the photographic evidence to have
had portions removed over a height of 4–5 storeys
in each of the buildings. The off-centre impact
on WTC2, which was also aligned so that the
short width of its central core was exposed to
the impact direction, might have resulted in less
damage to the core columns, though the much
higher impact velocity would make damage to
impacted columns more severe. This, however, is
all based on speculation, because the photographic
evidence is insufficient to provide any firm clues to
the interior structural damage of either tower. It is
clear that WTC2 suffered an asymmetric pattern
of column failure, since video footage (figure 11)
shows the upper storeys having rotated by about
15◦ from the vertical before the whole building
fell vertically. All indications fromWTC1, whose
100mtall TV transmission tower is clearly visible
in the video evidence of the collapse, are that
the building fell very nearly vertically, without
any significant rotation of the upper part towards
the damaged zone, indicating that the initiating
event was failure of the columns in the core of the
The fireballs caused by the WTC2 impact
(figure 12) grew to their maximum size in about
two seconds. This is much too slow an expansion
of the fuel vapour mixture to be considered as
an explosion on impact, so it seems certain that
structural damage was not caused by an explosive
shock-wave inside the building. Research on
similar fireballs suggests that as much as 12 tonnes
of fuel may have been consumed in the fireball, out
of the assumed 40 tonnes in each aircraft's tanks.
If half of the remainder was distributed around the
impact floors, then the energy contained in this
fuel is a very minor part of the total fuel load
on these floors, and would have been consumed
within a few minutes. However, since it had
almost simultaneously generated a post-flashover
fire over the whole of the four or five impact floors,
the office contents were then capable of burning
for considerably longer, and so the structures were
given the time they needed to reach very high
There is no doubt that the events which
initiated the fall of the storeys above the impact
zones in both cases were column failures, probably
happening individually and throwing extra load
onto the adjacent columns, which were at very
similar temperatures and therefore unable to carry
this increased loading. A 'ripple-effect' would
then be created very rapidly, with all columns at
the level failing as the upper storeys began tomove
downward. As this progressed, floor truss connections
would fail due to the weight of debris from
above and an internal progressive collapse of the
floor slabs would happen ahead of the progressive
column failure. The question that remains open is
which of two possible scenarios caused the initial
column failures. Both assume that nearly all the
lightweight fire protection material covering the
steelwork had been removed by the impact and
flying debris:
Scenario 1. Columns with their loading considerably
increased by the removal of several
adjacent columns by the impact are critically
weakened by a combination of impact damage
which may have bent them, and a doubling
or trebling of their original length due to
the failure of floor-truss connections as part of
the original impact damage. When their steel
temperature has risen sufficiently their load
capacity is reduced below their actual loading.
Scenario 2. Floor trusses heat very rapidly since
they are constructed of thin members and
have lost their insulation. The trusses
collapse, hanging like suspension cables
between their connections at the core and
perimeter columns. This causes high pulling
forces on the connections, which were not
designed to withstand such forces. One
such connection with a core column fails
and the beam hangs down, overloading the
next connection, and a progressive failure of
the line of connections takes place, dropping
the floor slab and any debris it is supporting
onto the slab below. This leaves heated
columns with an increased effective length,
as in Scenario 1, and they fail.
Visually each of the twin towers appeared
to fall within its own footprint, but in fact
the zone of heavy debris extended up to 50
metres from the buildings, and all the minor
WTC buildings were damaged by falling material.
WTC3, the 22-storey Marriott Hotel which was
within the debris zone of both towers, was of
much more conventional framed construction than
the towers. It was virtually crushed in areas
where huge amounts of material fell onto it but
arrested the collapse and protected occupants
on its lower floors. The three relatively lowlevel
office buildings, WTC4 to WTC6, were
struck by considerable amounts of debris. Most
of WTC4 collapsed under impact from the
exterior columns of WTC2, whereas WTC5 and
WTC6 experienced large local collapses and very
extensive fires. However, the fires in these
buildings, which were not fought, did not cause
overall collapse of the buildings.
WTC7, a 47-storey office building north of
the main complex, was the least affected of the
buildings by impact damage from the fall of
the twin towers. There is no evidence of any
damage to the roof or the three sides facing
away from the WTC complex. However, when
WTC1 collapsed there was impact damage to
several floors on the south face, and several fires
were observed to be present on different floors.
The fires were not fought, largely because of the
very large number of casualties that had been
sustained by the New York Fire Department in
the collapses of the twin towers. The building
was sprinklered, but the only main water supply
had been fractured by the debris, and there
would not have been enough water on site to
combat the fire growth. The collapse of this
building seven hours after that of WTC1 seems
to have been due to complex causes and still
needs considerable forensic engineering work.
However, it seems significant that the building
was constructed over a major existing electricity
supply sub-station building using massive longspan
trusses known as 'transfer structures' to span
over and around the existing buildings between
the 5th and 7th floor levels. These supported
the columns from this level to the roof. Another
significant fact is that the building contained large
stores of diesel fuel used to power emergency
generators in various parts of the building. The
pumps supplying these generators would have
operated automatically when the main power was
interrupted, and could have continued to supply
fuel oil to fires if the supply pipes were fractured;
investigators have found a net loss of about 50
tonnes of fuel oil from the supply tanks. Clues
to the events which initiated failure are given by
the two photographs of the building (figure 13)
taken in sequence before and during the collapse.
A penthouse structure on the roof of the building
is clearly visible in the first photograph but has
disappeared very shortly afterwards although the
building shell appears intact. The penthouse was
supported by columns originating at two transfer
trusses on Level 5, and this 'implosion' of the
building is typical of demolition techniques used to
remove tall buildings in crowded inner-city areas,
in which the objective is to keep debris within the
building footprint. It seems likely that the transfer
structures failed in fire, allowing the supported
columns to fall, pulling the rest of the building
structure inwards.
In a sense the fall of the twin towers and WTC7
after severe fires has reversed a general theme
in structural fire engineering which has tended
to show that modern composite framed buildings
are much more fire-resistant than has traditionally
been assumed in design. However, the progress in
the past two decades has really been in beginning
to understand how buildings behave in fire, and
starting to use this in place of the very superficial
design philosophies that had previously been used.
Major advances in structural engineering have
often had their origins in major disasters, and some
concentration on understanding and designing
against the effects that caused the WTC tragedy
may, perversely, lead to buildings that are both
more effective and more efficient in resisting fire.
Received 12 July 2002
Ian Burgess is Professor of Structural
Engineering at Sheffield University. In
the mid-1980s he began a collaboration
that attempts to develop numerical
techniques for modelling of the
behaviour of steel and composite
elements in fire. This research
programme now focuses on developing
more rational design principles for
structural fire engineering.
September 2002 PHYSICS EDUCATION 399
breakreep wrote: Here you go, firefly. This is an article written less than a year after the collapse. It discusses the fires exclusively and is written in a very clear and simple manner. Sadly I had to copy-paste from a PDF, but I'll make it easier by bolding the parts I think are most relevant to your question.
*Insert long-form propaganda here
Quote: What Did and Did Not Cause Collapse of World Trade Center
Twin Towers in New York?
Zdeněk P. Bažant, Hon.M.ASCE1; Jia-Liang Le2; Frank R. Greening3; and David B. Benson4
Abstract: Previous analysis of progressive collapse showed that gravity alone suffices to explain the overall collapse of the World Trade
Center Towers. However, it remains to be determined whether the recent allegations of controlled demolition have any scientific merit.
The present analysis proves that they do not. The video record available for the first few seconds of collapse is shown to agree with the
motion history calculated from the differential equation of progressive collapse but, despite uncertain values of some parameters, it is
totally out of range of the free fall hypothesis, on which these allegations rest. It is shown that the observed size range 0.01–0.1 mm of
the dust particles of pulverized concrete is consistent with the theory of comminution caused by impact, and that less than 10% of the total
gravitational energy, converted to kinetic energy, sufficed to produce this dust whereas, more than 150 t of TNT per tower would have
to be installed, into many small holes drilled into concrete, to produce the same pulverization. The air ejected from the building by
gravitational collapse must have attained, near the ground, the speed of almost 500 miles per hour or 223 m/ s, or 803 km/h on average,
and fluctuations must have reached the speed of sound. This explains the loud booms and wide spreading of pulverized concrete and other
fragments, and shows that the lower margin of the dust cloud could not have coincided with the crushing front. The resisting upward
forces due to pulverization and to ejection of air, dust, and solid fragments, neglected in previous studies, are indeed found to be negligible
during the first few seconds of collapse but not insignificant near the end of crush-down. The calculated crush-down duration is found to
match a logical interpretation of seismic record, while the free fall duration grossly disagrees with this record.
Several of the parameters of the present mathematical model have
a large range of uncertainty. However, the solution exhibits small
sensitivity to some of them, and the values of others can be fixed
on the basis of observations or physical analysis. One and the
same mathematical model, with one and the same set of parameters,
is shown to be capable of matching all of the observations,
including: 1 the video records of the first few seconds of motion
of both towers; 2 the seismic records for both towers; 3 the
mass and size distributions of the comminuted particles of concrete;
4 the energy requirement for the comminution that occurred;
5 the wide spread of the fine dust around the tower; 6
the loud booms heard during collapse; 7 the fast expansion of
dust clouds during collapse; and 8 the dust content of the cloud
implied by its size. At the same time, the alternative allegations of
some kinds of controlled demolition are shown to be totally out of
range of the present mathematical model, even if the full range of
parameter uncertainties is considered.
These conclusions show the allegations of controlled demolition
to be absurd and leave no doubt that the towers failed due to
gravity-driven progressive collapse triggered by the effects of fire.
Quote: Note, though, that only
1% of the columns from the fire stories were examined. Consequently,
NIST cautioned that the findings from paint cracking test
and annealing studies are not indicative of the steel temperatures
in the fire stories. Thus, although very high steel temperature are
likely, there is no direct evidence. But are high steel temperatures
really necessary to explain collapse?
Not really. The initial speculation that very high temperatures
were necessary to explain collapse must now be revised since
tests revealed a strong temperature effect on the yield strength of
the steel used. The tests by NIST 2005, part NCSTAR 1-3D,
p. 135, Fig. 6-6 showed that, at temperatures of 150, 250, and
350°C, the yield strength of the steel used in the fire stories
decreased by 12, 19, and 25%, respectively. These reductions
apply to normal durations of laboratory strength tests up to several
minutes. Since the thermally activated decrease of yield
stress is a time-dependent process, the yield strength decrease
must have been even greater for the heating durations in the towers,
which were on the order of 1 h. These effects of heating are
further documented by the recent fire tests reported by Zeng et al.
2003, which showed that structural steel columns under a sustained
load of 50%–70% of their cold strength collapse when
heated to 250°C.
Although a detailed computer analysis of column stresses after
aircraft impact is certainly possible, it would be quite tedious and
demanding, and has not been carried out by NIST. Nevertheless,
it can be easily explained that the stress in some surviving columns
most likely exceeded 88% of their cold strength 0. In that
case, any steel temperature 150°C sufficed to trigger the viscoplastic
buckling of columns Bažant and Le 2008. This conclusion
is further supported by simple calculations showing that if,
for instance, the column load is raised at temperature of 250°C
from 0.3Pt to 0.9Pt where Pt=failure load=tangent modulus
load, the critical time of creep buckling Bažant and Cedolin
2003, Chap. 8 and 9 gets shortened from 2,400 to 1 h note that,
in structural mechanics, the term "creep buckling" or "viscoplastic
buckling" represents any time-dependent buckling; on the
other hand, in materials science, the term "creep" is reserved for
the time-dependent deformation at stresses 0.50, while the
time-dependent deformation at stresses near 0 is called the
"flow" Frost and Ashby 1982.
Therefore, to decide whether the gravity-driven progressive
collapse is the correct explanation, the temperature level alone is
irrelevant Bažant and Le 2008. It is meaningless and a waste of
time to argue about it without calculating the stresses in columns.
For low stress, high temperature is necessary to cause collapse,
but for high enough stress, even a modestly elevated temperature
will cause it.
The fact that, after aircraft impact, the loads of some columns
must have been close to their strength limit can be clarified
by Fig. 1. The asymmetry of aircraft impact damage caused
the stiffness centroid of the story to acquire a significant eccentricity,
e Fig. 1b. The corresponding bending moment Pe
of gravity load P=m0g m0=mass of the initial upper falling
part; and g=gravity acceleration caused nonuniform axial
shortening and additional axial stresses in the surviving columns
Figs. 1e and h, which raised the stresses in the columns on the
weaker side of the story much above the average stress due to
gravity. The subsequent heating weakened the overloaded columns
on the weaker side left side in the figure more than those
on the stronger side, and gradually caused more and more of them
to lose their load-carrying capability. This further enlarged e and
thus increased the nonuniformity of column deformations and
stresses Fig. 1f and i, until the buckling of a sufficient number
of columns led to the overall stability loss.
xGasPricesx wrote: Nice try, buddy. But everyone knows that scientific data and facts are just another form of government control. If you want to continue to let the institutions think for you, then fine, but I have the courage to think for myself and to rely on a little something called "the gut".
firefly wrote: xGasPricesx wrote: Nice try, buddy. But everyone knows that scientific data and facts are just another form of government control. If you want to continue to let the institutions think for you, then fine, but I have the courage to think for myself and to rely on a little something called "the gut".
If this is how you interpreted what I said regarding certain institutions you either have difficulty in understanding basic language or your mind is clouded with bias towards me giving your selective hearing (reading). Or maybe you're just trying to be funny and want to poke fun at the conspiracy theorist. Either way it is not very condusive to having an informative discussion.
I'm a HUGE fan of science - everybody is whether they know it or not. I'm not fond of institutions that monopolize, distort and conceal information. And if you think that no such institutions like this exist then I you gotta open up your eyes and LOOK.


text:
OAKLAND -- What started as a potentially uplifting day ended when the remnants of a home crowd of 53,549 vented its frustration upon the Raiders on Sunday at O.co Coliseum.
"We let 'em down," safety Charles Woodson said after a 24-14 loss to Washington "You heard the boos. For any team in the league, to hear your home fans boo, that's hard."
Terrelle Pryor sat out the game to further recover from a concussion, and two other crowd favorites -- running back Darren McFadden and fullback Marcel Reece -- left in the second-quarter with injuries and did not return.
Most of the boo birds were targeting quarterback Matt Flynn, who turned the ball over twice and failed to move the ball after the Raiders jumped to a 14-0 lead in the first quarter.
It started during pregame warm-ups, when Flynn was announced as the starter after coach Dennis Allen determined Saturday night that Pryor needed at least another week before playing.
But the house was rocking a short time later when Rashad Jennings blocked a Sav Rocca punt and Jeremy Stewart pounced on it in the end zone with 10:40 to play in the first quarter.
It got even louder when Flynn found rookie tight end Mychal Rivera for an 18-yard touchdown with 3:06 left in the quarter.
Flush with momentum, the Raiders (1-3) gave it all back and then some, with a gift interception from Flynn landing in the hands of Don Amerson for a 45-yard touchdown return and getting Washington within 14-10 with 10:59 left in the second quarter.
With the Raiders unable to move the ball and continually giving Washington chances, the visitors got second-half touchdowns on a 5-yard pass from Robert Griffin III to Pierre Garcon and a 14-yard run by Roy Helu, sending home both the fans and the home team disappointed.
"That one stung," Allen said. "The way we were able to start the game, block a punt, get it to 14-0 and have all the momentum ... then we let 'em back in the game."
And while the usual protocol finds an NFL coach finding ways to spread the blame equally after a loss, Allen conceded, "I thought our defense and special teams, they held their own. They did some good things."
Flynn was 21 of 32 for 227 yards with one touchdown, the interception for a touchdown and two fumbles, one that he lost and one that he recovered on a fourth-and-1 play to give Washington the ball on downs.
Washington (1-3) had seven sacks, in part because Flynn was reluctant to let the ball go and also because defenders came hard and fast knowing they weren't concerned with Pryor getting outside for big yardage.
The touchdown by Amerson, which Woodson said "let the air out of the bubble" while the Raiders were leading 14-3, was telegraphed from the start.
"When you lock down in that split, it's pretty obvious you know where he's going to run," Amerson said. "I just wanted to make sure I was close enough to the receiver and make a play."
In 12 possessions after the Raiders led 14-0, the closest they got to scoring was a missed 52-yard field goal by Sebastian Janikowski in the third quarter.
"We just couldn't get anything else going," Allen said. "Obviously, losing McFadden and Marcel hurt, but we've got to find a way to get some more offense going."
After an encouraging three games in terms of moving the ball with Pryor at quarterback, the Raiders were under 300 yards of total offense for the first time this season against a team that came in giving up 488.0 yards per game -- the most in the NFL.
The Raiders were 5 for 17 on third-down conversions, and two of those came on Flynn passes of 6 yards to Brice Butler on third-and-4 and 12 yards to Jennings on third-and-8 in their 10-play, 81-yard touchdown drive.
"We started out pretty well," Flynn said. "They made some adjustments on defense; after that we weren't converting third downs, and that was obviously the big issue."
Woodson had no issue with the fans booing and said, "If we continue to do what we did at points in today's game, we're going to hear those boos. It ain't going to stop."
Sunday's game
San Diego (2-2) at Raiders (1-3), 1:25 p.m. CBS
Poole: Raiders can't depend on McFadden to stay healthy and on the field. PAGE 4
Notebook: Allen defends decision to keep Pryor out. PAGE 4
Online extras
Versatile Rashad Jennings impressive in defeat.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With all the confusion going around about web designers and web developers, it is often hard to tell the difference between the two. For you to be able to tell whether you should consider a web designer or a web developer, you need to tell the difference of the two in terms of their job description. Start by thinking about the jobs individually.
As for a web designer, their job description entails using graphics and graphic design software to help them create a look for the web. They use tools such as Adobe Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator among other tools to help them come up with exclusive web page look. After that, the designs are then married with coding to bring the same to life online. It's not a designer's job to do all the coding but they are mandated with the creativity tasks in as far as a web design is concerned. They use both imagination and intuition to come up with graphic designs and the arts that are normally included in a website. They are considered as the right brained people. Their job description entails collecting portfolios which they can then showcase their projects to potential employers.
On the other hand, a web developer's job can to some extent resemble that of a designer while atthe same time it might also be different. As for a developer, their main job is to build the backbone of websites basically from the ground up. It is their job to understand all the specific programming language and be well aware of tools such as CSS, JQuery, Javascript and HTML. They barely focus on making a website appealing but their main concern is to create web pages using clean codes and do all the technical aspects of the project. Ideally, they are thought as the left brained workers.
At the end of the day, the two work towards ensuring that the final product (website) is appealing to the eyes of the end users. They do achieve this by ensuring that a website looks good and functions properly to the satisfaction of the end user. When it's all said and done, the imagery and the colors need to all reflect the brand of the company while the interface needs to encourage potential users to take a desired action. As we continue, the line between designers and developers is becoming more blurred as the job competition demands that designers learn how to code and developers are now paying a lot of attention to design theories.
Therefore if you are considering to hire either of these, you need to be begin by understanding their job description. Know what exactly a web designer does and what a web developer does and understand your needs. If you want to create a website from scratch, you'll need the services of a web developer, on the other hand, if you are looking to improve the quality of your website by including graphics and some art work, a web designer will serve you just right.


text:
Verena Michelitsch
Category: Colour, Designers/Studios, Illustration,
Posted by: Ali
Posted: Jun 25th 2014
No. of comments: 0
Posted: Jun 25th 2014
No. of comments: 0
I didn't think Verena Michelitsh's work could get any better, until I saw these. In a collaboration with Tobias van Schneider, Michelitsch has created these beautiful illustrations of 'crystal-like shapes'. These crystal shapes which inspired the illustrations were a product of stacking a variety of materials like paper, plastic and plexi-glass and photographing the results.
If you like what you see you should definitely check out some more of Verena Michelitsch's work on her website, or follow her on twitter!


text:
NEW: For a prettier blog interface, see the Wordpress version!
- On the joys of posting random notes 23:42
- Trackback implementation for Emacs 23:40
- Ching's office address 23:10
- ARGH! Drying clothes! 21:21
- Tentative Osaka plans 21:19
- First day 20:50
- Training so far 13:11
- Chat
- Yesterday 00:38
9. On the joys of posting random notes: 23:42
8. Trackback implementation for Emacs: 23:40
This will be put into nnrss.el or weblogger.el, but, for now, here is an implementation of trackback.
(defun tb-find-tb-url (url &optional local) "Find the track-back URL for a resource." (with-temp-buffer (let* (xmlform htmlform) ;; bit o' work necessary for w3 pre-cvs and post-cvs (if local (let ((coding-system-for-read 'binary)) (insert-file-contents url)) (mm-url-insert url))) (when (re-search-forward "" nil t) (let ((rdf-end (match-end 0))) (goto-char rdf-start) (re-search-forward "trackback:ping=\"\\([^\"]+\\)" rdf-end) (match-string-no-properties 1))))))) (defun tb-get-trackback (url) "Get who's tb-ed an entry." (let ((tb-url (tb-find-tb-url url))) (when (not tb-url) (error "No trackback URL found at %s" url)) (w3-fetch (concat tb-url "?__mode=rss")))) (defun tb-send-trackback (url data &optional no-seek) "Send a trackback." (let ((tb-url (tb-find-tb-url url))) (when (and (not no-seek) (not tb-url)) (error "No trackback URL found at %s" url)) (let* ((enctype "multipart/form-data") (query (w3-encode-multipart/form-data data)) (url-request-method "POST") (url-request-data (cdr query)) (url-request-extra-headers (cons (cons "Content-type" (concat enctype "; boundary=\"" (substring (car query) 2 nil) "\"")) url-request-extra-headers))) (w3-fetch (or tb-url url))))) (defun w3-encode-multipart/form-data (items) ;; Create a multipart form submission. ;; Returns a cons of two strings. Car is the separator used. ;; cdr is the body of the MIME message." (let ((separator (format-time-string "--separator-%Y%j%H%M%S-for-www-form-data"))) (cons separator (concat (mapconcat (function (lambda (item) (w3-form-encode-make-mime-part (car item) (cdr item) separator))) items "\r\n") "\r\n" separator "--\r\n")))) Example Code: (tb-send-trackback "http://www.movabletype.org/mt/trackback/3" '(("title" . "Emacs Trackback Implementation") ("excerpt" . "An implementation of trackback for emacs webloggers.") ("url" . "http://elisp.info/archive/80614224") ("blog_name" . "elisp.info")) t)
Now all we need is a way to receive trackback pings...
7. Ching's office address: 23:10
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6. ARGH! Drying clothes!: 21:21
I'll hang the suits up to dry, but darn if I'll let most of my blouses
get away with that kind of threat. If I mess up, well, better that I
learn that lesson now, right?
So, sorry, hang-dry clothes, you're going to get spun-dried today...
(I'll leave the dry-flat clothes for some other time.)
5. Tentative Osaka plans: 21:19
Stuff I need to bring:
- mobile phone charger - laptop, charger - Debian keysigning papers - A day or two's worth of clothes. - Money, misc.
Possibly have these brought:
- business shoes - business clothes for Monday: white turtleneck, pleated black skirt.
4. First day: 20:50
Delphi is fun, although I miss Lisp's you-can-lowercase-everything style. I miss Lisp parentheses and easy syntax. I'm weird, aren't I?
S'okay. Am getting the hang of Delphi, and am looking forward to the translation challenge tomorrow.
I miss the academe, though. I feel more suited to it than to this. That's okay. I'll have the next few months to develop a really fine appreciation of the academe, something that'll sustain me through years of studies, frustrating classes, loads of tests to check... <laugh>
That said, I'm going to give this my best shot. It might not be one of my alternative careers, but that doesn't mean I don't want to be good at it. <grin>
Must figure out logistics for my Osaka trip.
3. Training so far: 13:11
I'm waiting for my Windows 2000 installation to finish formatting the hard disk. Our trainers don't really speak English, so I've asked them to e-mail us the design documents we need to study so that I can work on translating the specs. Aris will read up on Delphi. I think that'll work out.
I also asked about cheap places to get bento boxes so that we don't have to eat at restaurants all the time. With a lunch allowance of 800 yen, all the restaurants are too expensive.
We have a week to learn how to read specifications, understand Japanese software design, and write Java programs. I'm a bit worried about software engineering, particularly if they want to use lectures. I think we'd have an easier time with computer-mediated communication, because then I have an instant record of everything said, and I can look words up quickly.
Today's commute was one and a half hours. Longer than I expected, but apparently quite normal. We have monthly tickets, so we don't have to worry about transportation expenses unless we lose the ticket. I'll probably still spend a bit on transportation during weekends, as the paid segment doesn't give me access to a lot of tourist spots. Oh well, that's all right. =)
More stories soon.
2. Chat
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1. Yesterday: 00:38
Mom was online, and she was really glad to know I had Internet access in my room. She got pretty worried when she rang my phone and I didn't answer. I told her about leaving it in YKC. Whoops! Silly me. She had a wonderful tea party with my godparents. I should take a video of me drinking tea so I can join the next one virtually.
Dominique was missing for a good part of the evening. Apparently had dinner with friends from Davao. Got to talk to him afterwards, though. =)
Now that I've gotten both homesickness and first-day jitters out of the way, I feel much more prepared to handle the challenges I'll encounter during our training. Yay!
I'd love to hear about any questions, comments, suggestions or links that you might have. Your comments will not be posted on this website immediately, but will be e-mailed to me first. You can use this form to get in touch with me, or e-mail me at [email protected] .


text:
You don't hear much about colon cancer, but it is the second leading cancer killer in this country and it'll claim 4000 lives in Florida this year.
Ten thousand Floridians will be diagnosed with colon cancer this year. Men, women, black, white, Hispanic, it does not discriminate.
It's one of the most curable cancers there is, but testing for it isn't pleasant and the idea of inserting a tiny camera where the sun don't shine makes some people recoil in horror.
"I call it the yuck factor. It's not the most pleasant thing to talk about for some people, and then it's fear, fear of the preparation, fear of the procedure, will it hurt? It's fear of what they'll find if they find something," says Dr. James Stockwell, a gastroenterologist.
If you have a case of posterior paranoia, Foy Thompson is among the first to tell you to get over it. His wife pushed him to take a stool sample, which ultimately led doctors to a cherry size tumor in his colon.
"It's quite a life changing mood for you when the doctor calls and tells you you have a carcinoma and you need to get your affairs in order at home as well as at work," says Foy.
Foy didn't have a family history of colon cancer or any of the telltale symptoms. Blood in the stool, bleeding from the rectum, any noticeable change in bowel habits, either constipation or diarrhea, cramping and fatigue.
Foy's cancer was caught early. It's 90 percent curable when it is. Foy has had a clean bill of health for five years now, but without a change in doctors, and prodding from his wife Janice, Foy admits things could be different.
"Never been in the hospital, 50 years old and never been in the hospital in my life, not feeling bad, no indications in any way, and if you hadn't had this test done, then you probably wouldn't have been talking to me today."
The good news is that colon cancer is highly curable. Ninety-percent curable in fact if it's caught in its early stages, but people are afraid to get tested and only about a third of the cancers are found that early.
If colon cancer is found in its later stages, the chance of surviving five years is 63 percent among whites, 53 percent among African Americans, and if it has made its way to your liver or lungs, your chances of survival plummet to nine percent.
Colorectal Cancer
Early Detection
Most People Don't Screen
Source: http://www.ccalliance.org/index.html (The Colon Cancer Alliance Web Site)


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Midtown campus
Fairfield Hall was, until recently, WestConn's only all-female residence hall. Built in 1917, the hall then accommodated 84 students; in 1957, the facility was renovated and 46 units were added. Following a major renovation in 2008, the 34,000 square-foot Fairfield has become a coeducational residence hall, housing several lounges and study areas. The building provides cable TV and both hard-wired and wireless internet access. The building also contains a laundry facility, vending machines and an information desk.
One of the building's most distinguishing features is the cupola atop the building, which is featured in the university's logo.


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I signed up for the MCM this year and just tore my ACL playing soccer and now won't be able to participate in this years marathon. If anyone is interested in purchasing, I am willing to transfer what I paid for it.
Is this still available? I am interested in purchasing if it is --
I do NOT have a bib available. I was responding TO this thread, looking to buy (but have since found one through a charity). Sorry for any confusion.
Message was edited by: Anthony Targan
I am searching for 2 MCM 2010 bibs. Please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com if you are selling. Thanks!
I am very much interested in your bib for the Marine Corps marathon. I want to do this marathon as my very first marathon. Please contact me if it still available
If this bib is still available please please let me know
Do you still have the Bib available? Running as a benefit to my firend who was just diagnosed with stage 4 Lung cancer. my email is firstname.lastname@example.com
Todd Jubeck
This bib is still available and I have completed the transfer process, if anyone is still looking to run the MCM, please let me know. Thank you.
Is your 2010 MCM Bib still available? If so please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com.
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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When you look around the sports landscape in Ridgecrest and the surrounding areas, you will find a disturbing trend if you care about athletics.
A lot of different sports in schools and in the area are disappearing.
Silverado will likely be cutting two spring sports this school year due to budgetary reasons. Boys tennis and golf are two sports the Victor Valley Unified School District is looking to cut at Silverado, which would save about $22,000 according to reports from the Victor Valley Daily Press.
Victor Valley will not compete in track and is evaluating whether or not to cut golf as well.
There is an entire story about the two schools losing a couple of their sports programs by C.J. Daft of the Victor Valley Daily Press on the paper's website explaining what is going on at the two schools.
In Ridgecrest, the Kerr McGee Center won't have basketball anymore, the Parks and Recreation budget and man power continue to shrink, and the city council said it will close the pool in September.
How do you go from looking at plans to remodel the pool area to completely cutting it?
I think there is some cowardice is always wanting to "wait" to make a decision on moving forward with pool renovation until the time you can close it completely.
That's pathetic. I've found that committees and commissions in this town do almost nothing but waste time.
Committees and commissions alike will pat themselves on the back for actually making a decision once in a while though.
Yippee for you guys for doing your job the way it's supposed to be done. It's a monumental day when you do.
It may not be popular to say what you think about a certain project, but at least your honest rather than a two-faced hypocrite.
My personal interest lies in basketball.
I don't think kids here play enough basketball as it is before they get to high school, so they're always behind other high schools in game experience from the very start.
Taking away another source of competition, team work and communication can't be good for the overall well being of the community.
Living two hours away from bigger areas is a challenge in itself, so there has to be a way to compete here at a reasonable price.
Maybe I'm just frustrated, I don't know. What I do know is that competition, a desire to improve weaknesses and just running around is healthy for all kids.
However, things look bleaker by the day for athletics around this area. It's a harsh reality, but what are the solutions? Hopefully, a good one can be found soon.
Location, ST | website.com


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Compost sparks fire that destroys northern NY home
Heat is generated during the decomposition process
UPDATED 11:33 AM EDT Jun 24, 2013
Firefighters in Tupper Lake say a compost pile near a deck spontaneously caught fire over the weekend, destroying a house.
Franklin County Fire Investigator John Bashaw told local media the fire erupted Saturday morning.
Compost piles break down organic material such as grass clippings, leaves and vegetable matter to make garden fertilizer and mulch. Heat is generated by the decomposition process.
Bashaw says the material can ignite when it reaches a certain temperature and he recommends keeping the pile away from structures.
No one was injured in the blaze.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Playhouse raffle to benefit CASA
Published: Tuesday, November 20, 2012 at 10:52 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, November 20, 2012 at 10:52 a.m.
CASA of Lafourche, an anti-child-abuse advocacy group, is selling tickets for its second-annual Home Sweet Home playhouse raffle.
Tickets are $5 each and available at South Coast Gas Co. in Raceland, Kief's Hardware in Cut Off, The Lafourche Gazette in Larose and the CASA office in Thibodaux.
The drawing is set for Dec. 1 at Thibodaux Service League's Santa's Land. The winner gets a $3,500 playhouse equipped with curtains, solar-light lanterns, carpet and furniture.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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My last run was this past monday - 5.3K in 43 min. not too bad as I was hit by the flu saterday and spend most of sat and sun laying around. had recovered enough to get out monday evening. tuesday was Karate and Christmas party and today was moving piano. Hope to get out tomorrow as my weather will not be too bad.
Old Coyote: I did manage couple three waddles mostly on the bike trails around boulder - not counting the 2 miles I did in Breckinridge - big difference noted between 1600 and 2900 meters! (my base is at 100M) More power to everyone who is running at altitude -- maybe thats were the runners high comes from?
aiming toward PR in 4 mile on 31st I'd like to end the year on a up note
races in 2013 - Always trying to keep moving
31 Dec 2012: Fairfax 4 miler: 49:34
10 Feb 2013 Run your heart 2013 35:30
Please check out this site: http://www.exceptionalcomfort.blogspot.com/
Jeff - cute pup! happy to hear the feet are feeling better.
OldCoyote - amazing that you expect to hit1200 miles for the year, but I'm also pleased you're taking a rest day - you have definitely earned it.
OshCa - take care of that back!
NHLA - Happy Annivesary!!
jmsab - I think I'd rather have snow than rain at this point. We had 3 days of rain/sleet - ick
Dan - good luck getting your mojo back - just start your training early
JerryRunner78 - nice comeback run. slow and steady . ..
Chell - welcome back and congrats on the running anniversary! You are making great progress.
az - awesome race! Loved your report - I felt like I was right there with you.
Snerb - Sounds like paleo is agreeing with you!
maureen - welcome! You should be so proud of yourself. Keep up the good work and just keep checking in here.
MelodyLea - you are on fire this week! Another strong run.
Ogr44 - good luck with the 4 miler on 12/31
Strong 5 miles today! Had to burn off last night's office Christmas party.
Tried something different on the TM yesterday. Was aiming for about 7 or 8 miles, but while I was running the first couple, I turned it up a little and made myself a deal. I'd run 3, maybe 4, 3-mile repeats, at 10k pace, with a couple-minutes walk in between, instead of the 8 continuous miles at a slower pace. I'd read something like this a couple months ago, but probably not exactly like it. I was going by memory, which in my case, is going bye. So I did the first three in good times, a little faster each time, with the third run about 20:20. The fourth one, though, started getting to my quads, so I lowered the incline and turned the speed down after the first mile, and finished it in 23:00. Total time for the four runs (12 miles) was 1:28:26, 7:22 pace.
My marathoner friend just posted on Facebook a picture of her raffle drawing prize from last April's Boston Marathon Expo. The package was delivered to her house the other day: A huge case of Energy Bars (about 27 pounds, I think), a new Garmin watch, and a certificate for a nutrition-plan discussion session with a food expert from the Energy Bar company.
Chell..... Excellent, excellent work!!! You cut your time in half, or, another way to look at it (which I personally like), you doubled your speed!!! You're twice as fast as you were last year!!
Az2Mn...2nd in AG, prizes, and a total of 10.1 miles - All VERY GOOD!!!!!!
Jerry 78..... Way to get back at it, but listen to the ol' body.
JustrunDan.... With the snow and winter becoming more of a reality, the TM may become your best friend. It does in my training.
Maureen0131...... You are an inspiration for many. I'm glad your knee pain is just "losing pains." Three 5ks is something to be very proud of. If you aren't working on NY's Day, and you can find a race that day, it's a good psychological booster, to be able to say you ran your fastest 5k of the year! Good luck in your continued successes.
DebM and Melody... "Strong" and "Great" runs. Good feelings to have, no doubt.
Coyote... I've been meaning to ask -- did you get a new job?
There's some big, round, white thing in the sky today. I can't remember what they call it, but it hasn't been there for a while.
Run like there's no tomorrow, Mayans!!
jmsab23 and JustrunDan: As with most runners who do not like TM running, I have found a guide that makes the most out of running on a TM. The 'even stephen' training program is specifically for TM if you don't have much time and/or when part of your work is travelling and staying in hotels, and/or weather conditions doesn't allow for trail running. I found the article in one of the running magazines and made copies of it which I keep in different bags. You have run different race distances like I have so you know your race pace and effort pace. I like the 'even stephen' training guide when I have to run on a TM so I don't get bored and start to fade, it keeps me focused. It's similar to intervals, and you jog in between. I do it at least once but I have gotten to a point where I do it twice for about a total of 12 miles (depending on your speed) but more than that, I need to run my trails. On my trails, I tend to follow the philosophy of Galloway with some modifications to the run-walk one minute-run depending on the distance planned. I implement it in my races, especially HMs and FMs and found that I have kept up with the runners who have run continuously compared to my taking walk breaks. I know it has improved my strong finish when runners are losing energy in the end. Most importantly, it has definitely lessened muscle fatigue and stress resulting in less recovery times, a lifesaver as I have gotten more 'seasoned.'
Maureen: welcome and impressive on your 5k runs!!
Melody: WAY TO GO on staying motivated during winter conditions!!
DebM: are you planning on a race soon?
OC: hope the new year brings good news!
Trail runner
No running for me today. I'll be running tomorrow! I just wanted to share that I am sooo excited about 2013. A friend of mine and I are planning to run 1000 miles a piece next year!! I've started on my race schedule and am shocked! I've got 2-5ks, 1-7k, 1-10k, 2 half marathons and a marathon scheduled already. I am sure that I'll be doing a few other 5k's (Pretty sure I'll be doing a 5k in June in honor of my grandmother and probably another 2 in the fall and another 10k.) I'm soooo excited. I can't wait for 2013.
"Your story is your power, not your shame." ~Ryan Blair~
Started 12/19/2011- Nike program
Nike+ chell622
Soles for Education 5k- 36:29
Armed Forces 5k- 36:14
Christie Clinic Illinois half Marathon 4/27/2013
I've been having trouble all week accessing this site. I finally was able to read this page today but can't get back pages to open. I will keep trying because I want to read how everyone has been doing.
I ran Tuesday and my run was lousy. The weather was actually warm - about 55 and partly sunny. To me it felt like 85! I only made it 2 miles and had to walk back. I just felt wiped out. Worked out at Y yesterday - treadmill, stair climber, rowing machine, weigjhts - with DH. Ran again today. It was cold 41 but sunny. I ran 3.87 in 29 minutes! Pace of 7.31! This is my fastest time ever. I wasn't even trying to run fast. I have no watch, I just go by the local digital clock on my start/stop corner. Instead of glancing to see my time, I run how I feel. I try to run faster against any headwind, downhills, across streets and even uphill. Apparently whatever I am doing is working.
Our greatest glory is not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.
6/11/2011 - Warrior Dash Pennsylvania - 52:26
8/7/2011 - Danskin Sherox Triathlon Philadelphia - 1:54:16
11/5/2011 - Penn Homecoming 5K - 28:46
11/13/11 - Media Mud Stain 5 mile - 53:39
05/06/2012 - Broad Street Run 10 Mile - 1:36:11
06/03/12 - See Chicks Run 10 K - 54:23
09/16/12 - Rock & Roll Half Marathon Philadelphia - 2:03:07
It's been awhile, I'm warming up in Starbucks and waiting for some updates to download on my computer. You've all been very busy. I'm kinda jealous. just to turn the tables: It's a chilly 79*f here and very windy, I'm wishing I brought my hoodie with me. :-)
Francessmom: you were so far ahead of me in Philly! Good job. I'm hoping to hit it again this year (I've already registered but my work schedule might not line up.)
I've been lazy. Last week I just swam. I didn't know how far I went because I was doing laps between buoys working on my breathing and form. Yesterday I should have swam again but I decided I needed to finally get my Christmas presents finished and wrapped. I put four boxes in the mail this morning (cost me $60!) at least they should get them by New Year's! I've just been exhausted with work. I had 3 long days followed by 2 early mornings. Today is my shortest day and I have to be back to work in 3 hours. Hopefully my downloads are finished by then.
We had a christmas bar-b-que tuesday and I pigged out on lobster and cookies... I was so happy to hit my goal weight on weight watcher's last week and then I forgot to weigh myself this morning. oops.
I have a hard time finding the will power to run when all I want to do is sleep on my off time. And if I want to get anything done I have to choose between squeezing in a workout or running errands. It helps that I walk everywhere. Except today because I had to ride the shuttle. Can't walk 3 miles carrying 4 boxes of presents in the wind. I'll see if I have enough time to walk back once my comp is updated.
I wish I could get online more often you are all such good motivation. If only the e-mail updates still worked.
Happy holiday's ya'll!
2013 Races:
the 8 Tuff Miles, St. John, USVI Feb 23 1:49:16 (PR)
Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon Edinburgh April
Rock 'n' Roll Half Philly, PA Sept
2012 Races:
The 8 Tuff Miles, St. John, USVI Feb 25: 1:51:45
Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon, Philly, PA Sept 16 2:46:05 (PR)
Completed Race:
2011 The 8 Tuff Miles, St. John, USVI 1:58:25
A great 5 mile run this morning! What a spectacular day, crystal clear with deep blue sky. Wow. It was nice not to have a single ache or pain today, thanks to my super foam roller and Marathon Stick.
Old Coyote Enjoy the snow clad rest!
NHLA *High Fives* as you whiz past me! Zoom zoom
Ogr44 So glad you are feeling better.
Debm2011 **Low Fives** on our strong five mlie runs! Whoot.
jmsab23 Nice TM workout! Your friends raffle drawing sounds so cool!!
az2mn Great advice, thanks!!
chell730 Wow, that's is a lot of racing! You go, girl.
Francessmom "Pace of 7.31" <~ WOW! Awesome.
CKLindsay **Waves** You'll get that motivation back after the holidays, I'm sure.
Age: 53
1980 Humboldt Redwoods Marathon
Best 5K time: 31 minutes
Best 10K time: 1:12
First 1/2 Marathon: 2:43
Raised $4491 for animal charity through running
For 2013:
Memorial Day 5/26 10K- I hope to raise $3000 for animal charity in my "Run For The Critters"
Maine Marathon 9/29- I hope to finish 2:30
Wow, so much going on! Welcome to JerryRunner78, Maureen, glad you're running pain free.
AZ2MN - grats on the AG award. Ogr44 - Good luck in the 4 miler. Francessmom - Just run. CKLindsay - Hi! jmsab - No job, good interview today, but nothing moving right now. Everybody else - I read your posts, I just got swamped by them
About 6 miles tonight, in an hour, with a group on Green Mountain. I ran in my new screw shoes (say that 5x fast), probably didn't need them, but it was nice to have that security. The snow was drifted shin deep in spots and in others the ground was bare. I ran with a small hand held flashlight as well as my headlamp and the additional light source really gave dimension to the terrain. I never so much as kicked a rock tonight.
As far as 1000 miles per year goes, that is 20 miles/week, which really will provide all the health benefits that 100 miles/ week would and none of the injuries. Most intelligent people would stop at that distance.
Oh, well. Run free!
Did my core workout and added a couple attempts at some new stretches I saw on a workout video. Nope, can't do 'em. Not like they did on the video anyway. I can't get my arm down to the floor in my lunge position, and when I was done, my left knee hurt, just on the inside part of the kneecap. No idea how/when.... I never felt any sharp pain. But when I was all done, it hurt a little. Won't try that one again. Ran 4 miles after that, kind of shaking the knee and working it out. 29:57.
For those who saw my post about my marathoner friend, she added another FB post yesterday: She got another delivery of two more large cases of PowerBars!! And some PowerBar gear, which I'm assuming means clothing.
Coyote.... I've increased my weekly mileage to over 30 for the past four weeks and I'm feeling it lately. Kind of tired runs, not feeling as great as I was a couple weeks ago when I was happy about doing over 30. I think, in my case, anyway, you're right........ a little less would be better for me. This will be the last week in the 30s. I'll have a back-off week this week and see how it goes. Maybe Santa will bring me some energy.
Francessmom.... I am also having a hard time logging into the site, but am getting in after three or four attempts. Excellent time for your run!!!
Chell..... Very busy young lady in 2013!!! Good luck with all your races!!
Melody..... You've got that attitude thing going on, don't you? (A spectacular day with a great run, and my super foam roller...). I'm happy the Mayans didn't get me.
Have nice days, runners.
jmsab - I'm still shooting for 1200 miles, which means 4.1 miles/day, or basically 30 mpw. I would probably do better by running less days per week, more miles per day, but It's doing me some good in other ways to run daily. I'm just running easy, making sure I stay uninjured. After New Years Day (gotta run New Years Eve and Day) I'll change up my training, take a step back week or two.
3.34 miles this morning, 31:34 overall including just missing the light out and back. I ran a slow warmup and then about 2.1 miles at tempo, followed by a slow cooldown. And it was cool; 25 degrees and a little breeze will cool your wicking fabrics quite well.
I have a 5K on January 5th and one on the 13th. The one on the 13th is a tradition for me, and there's a club run 5K on the 5th I'll use to tune up.
OC- I am pretty sure I'll end up over that for the year. Even with my training programs and on weeks I don't have a running plan running 20 a week, I should end up over over 1100. I'm also going to be running some to help train my husband for his first 5k. (I also don't know how much time I'll slow down after my first marathon. I'll probably dial down my running for several weeks after it.)
I got in a 35 mile run today which totaled 3.32 miles for me. This is my first week back to running. I was hoping my sinus' would finally drain so I can go back to breathing but they wouldn't so I forged on without waiting. I think it was more of allergies than a sinus infection.
I know everyone has been talking about the end of the world but I knew today isn't the end of the world because I haven't run a marathon yet.
Hope everyone enjoys their weekend runs and I want to wish everyone a wonderful and Merry Christmas!!!!
"Your story is your power, not your shame." ~Ryan Blair~
Started 12/19/2011- Nike program
Nike+ chell622
Soles for Education 5k- 36:29
Armed Forces 5k- 36:14
Christie Clinic Illinois half Marathon 4/27/2013
OC- I was low on the snow estimate- we got anywhere from 16-18" of wet snow over a 24 hour period, along with lots of wind. More schools closed in south central WI than I've ever seen for one storm, and for 2 days! No running outside anytime soon!
Chell- great job on the drop in your running time! Excellent. It will be great to see your progress in the next year.
OshCat- I looked at the Hal Higdon site, those look interesting. I'm thinking about doing Novice 2 for the May HM and perhaps Intermediate for the one in September.
az2mn- thanks for the tip; with the way this winter is shaping up, I just need to research some different ways of using the TM so it isn't so boring. Embrace it and make it work for me.
Family arriving tonight through the weekend, looking forward to great family time.
Run strong and safe!
Dan-started running 1/29/2011 at age 57
notable 2012 runs:
Crazylegs Classic-Madison-8K--4/28/2012--00:52:14
Roxbury Rural Run--5K--5/5/2012-- 29:32-PR
Haslanger Classic--10K--8/4/2012--1:06:19 PR
WO-ZHA-WA Run--HM--9/15/2012--2:37:45
Honky Tonk Marathon- Wisconsin Dells- 10/21/2012-5:39:09
2013 runs:
Fleet Feet New Year's Day Dash-8K-1/1/2013--54:23
Door County HM- 5/4/2013
Fox Cities HM- 9/22/2013 (60thBD!)
7.2 miles 52 min. cold 40mph winds. Feel like I have been beaten up.
I have run 2700 miles this year so far.
sorry you are snowed in Dan.
fran nice pace,
CK Hi glad you are back.
jmsab - ouch, don't do that again! My yoga instructor makes a point to say each class "don't do something because I tell you to, only do what feels good for your body." Sometimes I even listen to her.
az - I need to get some TM routines too - I hate hate hate the TM. I have a feeling there is going to come a time very soon when weather conditions will not permit outdoor running here. I have a 5 mile race scheduled for New Year's Day, but nothing beyond that yet. Insane work schedule isn't helping my motivation or my sleep levels.
chell - wow you certainly believe in planning ahead - look at that race schedule! Can you bottle that motivaion? I'll take 2.
francesmom - I've been having login problems too but usually get in afer a couple of tries.
CK - hi! nice to hear from you. your weather sounds dreamy
MelodyLea - talk about bottling energy - I'll take 3! Whoot on your super 5 mile run!!
OldCoyote - 7 days a week - wow. Just make sure you get some rest here and there.
Dan - that's a lot of snow! Have fun with your family
no run today - ankle is taped and unhappy. Yesterday was 2.5 miles - no sleep, tired legs, twingy ankle. I'm not setting the alarm tonight - if I wake up for my water aerobics class, good for me but I'm not pushing it.
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text:
|This is not a wonton.
12 January, 2011
Campbell's Chicken Wonton Soup
4 comments:
- michelle said...
I haven't had that in years, like, 20 years (at least) and from your description, it hasn't changed at all. I guess you could give it some credit for staying consistent through all these years:)
- 12 January, 2011 11:36
Of course, dogs know their cuisine. A little of that soup with some tasty Libby's Vienna sausage and...
- 13 January, 2011 09:06
- jules said...
I'm on a wonton soup kick and thought I'd look up reviews for the Campbells variety. The consensus is in. Everyone says it is HORRIBLE! Thanks for the review!
- 25 January, 2011 13:02
i ADORE this stuff, especially the textureless chicken paste inside the doughy "wontons". campbell's doesn't sell these in canada so i always buy, like, a pallet of them when i'm in the states.
then again, i'm also a fan of artificial-chicken-flavoured salt water, so take my opinion with a grain of oxo boullion.
- 26 June, 2011 11:28


text:
Hello all,
I have been helping a local welding shop, and they force me to use AutoCad, (grrr I honestly prefer Qcad) They recently got a used old plasma cutter circa 1998. My problem is when I export a DXF from autocad and attempt to load it on the plasma computer it separates my drawing into many small lines and circles? any ideas on how to keep this from happening?
I know when i do my own work for my Machine shop and i feel like getting something water jet or plasma cut i just send, (a different company) my Qcad dxf and pick up my part a day later.


text:
Amidst a whitewashed, snowy landscape, the lush green of Summit High's turf field stood out in Wednesday's warm temperatures and under the day's sunny skies as the girls' lacrosse team was stretching, dancing around on one foot while trying to pull on warm-ups and chattering as teammates filtered in for the 3:15 p.m. start to practice.
The team has been training for just a week, and in that week, head coach Kristin Elliott and assistant coach Russ Halpern have been cramming in as many fundamentals as possible.
Stick skills.
Ground balls.
Ball handling.
"We have to rush everything into seven days," Halpern said.
That's because the season kicks off today with a road game at Dakota Ridge. The team then plays at home Saturday, weather permitting, against Palmer Ridge.
"We've only had six practices and we have a game tomorrow. We are pushing the girls and hoping they remember what they learned last year and bring it back," Elliott said, adding that today's game will reveal training gaps that need remedying before league play begins in late March.
Last season, the team finished with a 4-10 record. This season, the coaches hope to flip those numbers around.
"I think we can do a lot better. I know we can. We have the talent," Elliott said.
The keys, according to the coaches, are camaraderie, team unity, commitment to taking on the entire season and a positive attitude.
"We're seeing that so far this year," Halpern said, adding that another key is to have support from the community.
"We encourage folks to come out for our home games, because it really helps the team the more people we have in the stands," he said.
Team leader and junior Kaitlin "Kates" Raymond has her coaches' goals on her radar, too.
"We want to be more team oriented," she said. "In practice, it's been working pretty well.
Team unity is one thing, but it's also about the players' skills, Raymond added.
"We've been working on a bunch of fundamentals and playing a lot of seveb vs. seven to get used to everything. We've been working a lot on our weak side, too, so we can use that in games," she said.
Raymond is a leader on a young team. There's just one senior out for girls' lacrosse this year, and last year's goalie, who is a senior this year, opted not to return. Meanwhile, about a dozen seniors graduated last year. A new player, a goalie, transferred this year from Mullen High School, which is encouraging to the coaches because "we were a little scared," Elliott said.
Despite the youth, the team's talent is encouraging both to coaches and to Raymond.
"This year, there's a lot of talent compared to last year. Even the incoming freshman have a lot of talent. It's really exciting," Raymond said, explaining that the talent runs the gamut from speed to agility to ball handling.
Given the competition, Elliott has her eyes on Aspen and Grand Junction.
"(Aspen) is a good team. We showed up to play (last year). This year, it will be another good one to watch," the coach said, adding that last year, the game was decided by a single point.
The game against Aspen is at home on April 30 while the Grand Junction contest will be on the road.