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The success of GNU/Linux and other free software projects is annoying. Free and open source development doesn't fit neatly in the box of standard business practices and is therefore a problem. We really need to break free of those hippies at the Free Software Foundation and let the grown-ups manage things from here on out. Not to mention that the peer-based production model doesn't really work that great anyway.
Or at least, that's what I inferred from this post at IPcentral. There are some peculiar ideas there that prompted me to write in response.
There's this idea that since big money is at stake now, we can't have these weirdos involved who look at software freedom as a moral issue.
"There has never been a good fit between the FSFers, who believe that software really should be free, and the corporate types, who want to commodify operating systems as a way of providing a platform on which to hang money-making apps and services."
It's as if by some embarrassing accident, we got all this great free software to use in our businesses, but now it's time to lock it down? Some people only understand control. I don't even see the conflict. You can still "hang money-making apps and services" on the free software.
Why stop now? If it's good to turn operating systems in to a commodity, why not do the same for just about every other kind of software out there? Businesses that move goods around all share a common road, rail, and air infrastructure. One of the ways they compete is through logistics: how well they move the goods. Similarly, it would be useful to share software infrastructure that works through standards, and then compete based on how well you use the software to run your business.
There's also a "so long, and thanks for all the fish" kind of idea. Something of value has been created, but we really can't go on in such an unseemly way. Again, there's this befuddlement that free software development has worked so well, and the inability to extrapolate continued benefits. A comment attached to the post asks, "The goose has laid enough golden eggs, time to kill it and cook it for dinner?" Ok, full disclosure: It's my pseudonymous comment, but I'm still curious. Is it just too bizarre and scary to accept that free software has worked, and to look forward to even more gains from this approach?
Which brings us to another idea in the post, and quite to the contrary of the previous: that free and open source development is not such a great mode of production at all (despite being good enough to spur adoption and create "huge financial stakes" for corporations):
"...the quicker its weaknesses as a mode of production are rendered obvious, the sooner the debate can shift to real issues of how to define and protect IP rights in a time of great technological change. Where should they shrink, and where should they expand?"
This idea is not really developed in the brief post, but it is hauled out to address the true concern and fear of some free software/culture opponents, that this model might "infect" the business models of the music and movie industries. By dismissing free software development as a workable model, they can in turn dismiss the idea that culture should also be free (as in free speech!). But let's not get into the culture discussion, since here at FSM we're primarily concerned about free software.
Back to the quote, I like that the debate is dependent on exposing the weakness of free and open source software development. If it isn't shown to be weak, does that mean we don't have to suffer stronger IP protection?
Free software does have at least one big weakness. Despite the support of large companies, including IBM, a lot of free software doesn't have the protection of money and lawyers. Some people, including those at IPcentral, I think, would love to see free software projects slowed or killed off due to their lack of the bureaucracy and resources available to traditional companies. And many people would love to use the grossly dysfunctional patent system as a way of eliminating the threat and competition from free software.
But, other than being vulnerable to entrenched interests with lawyers, how is it that free and open source software development is weak as a mode of production? Free software has been and will continue to be a big driver of this "time of great technological change." The Internet is built on free software. I'm not worried about the strength of the mode.
The genie is out of the bottle. Let's keep making wishes.
Standard promo (alms for the poor)
Please visit the Moving to Freedom web site at http://www.movingtofreedom.org for additional woolly thinking about free software and free etcetera. (It's new and improved, with page caching! Your visit will help with testing the cache and with my desperate need for attention.)
Reusable with this attribution, and please note if modifications are made: Copyright © Scott Carpenter, 2006. Originally published in Free Software Magazine. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA-2.5).
Excellent point!
I couldn't agree more. I think a lot of people fall into the trap of thinking that if you can't justify something from a neo-liberal, money spinning perspective, there is something wrong with it. And, while that's a seductive trap to fall into, it's so much nicer if you realise that other approaches can work as well? It's called progress. I mean, while people who classify as hippies or activists are often annoying and patchouli-scented, and derrided as lazy layabout stoners, they often manage to achieve real results - but then, once they do, the results are snatched away by the mainstream and turned into responsible and grownup things. Sometimes it's nice for things to remain in the realm of 'ethical' versus 'economical'. Anyway... thanks for putting it all so succinctly.
Cheers :-)
Fear and Hope
Thanks, Bridget. I think many creative people who manage to make a living today from their work are afraid of what all of this freedom will mean to their livelihood, whether in software, music, movies, and etc., and I understand it. We all have to make a living, and we can't remove economic motivations. (At least not yet.) But it just seems like something amazing is happening and I don't want to see it stamped out because of fear, uncertainty, and doubt.
I read something today (but unfortunately can't remember where or what it was exactly) comparing the development of the scientific method with free software development methods. Imagine how resistant people must have been to this crazy newfangled scientific method, and how threatening it was. I hope in a few hundred years, people will just accept that *obviously* information has to be free. (Or maybe it will be like America today, where we have to have this debate about whether evolution could possibly have happened or if it's really the Flying Spaghetti Monster we should be looking to for answers. Notice that this monster shares the same TLA as Free Software Magazine. Coincidence, or Intelligent Design?)
"Sometimes it's nice for
"Sometimes it's nice for things to remain in the realm of 'ethical' versus 'economical'."
It seems to me you've missed the point entirely. These guys want you to believe that free software is the 'moral and uneconomic' route, and thus anti-money, which by definition requires both greed and the desire for the most economical decisions (like replacing all your employees with chinese slave-labour). The truth that they so desperately don't want you to realize is that free-software done right* (important wording!) is both morally *and* economically superior to the model upon which they have built their lively-hood. There's no reason to fear these people though. They can throw FUD at 'free' software all they like, and they may slow the project to some degree, but in the end the economics of 'free' (in all it's meanings) will win. The key difference between their ideal and the 'free' ideal is that you can kill a project whose only reason for being is money, but you cannot kill a project whose only reason for being is the knowledge of it's having been.
* Free software can be done 'wrong' easily. There are several reasons for this, but here's 3 off the top of my head:
(1) Many 'free' projects are started as a hobby by someone who thinks it's a good way to get a head-start, but really doesn't understand the long-term obligations. Eventually this person will inadvertently kill their own project by alieniating their own supporters.
(2) People that think much like those at IPCentral will actively try to sabotage the project in the hopes of picking up the pieces when it falls apart.
(3) Many projects are started in a company where a small group of individuals 'get it', but their boss doesn't. The project will develop just long enough to become viable, at which point the boss, seeing potential, will step in and claim the project for 'the company' (i.e. himself). It's all downhill from there.
Outright ignorance
Conclusion : I think that DeLong guy never read the GPL manifest anyway.
He's still mainly confusing free beer and free speech.
Let's go party.
Ignorance is a possibility, but from the (casual) reading I've done over there, I think these guys are pretty savvy about the issues and about what free software really means. They just don't like it.
Free software should remain FREE forever! Think FREE!
my comments..
i think all the great things in life are a combination of need and the passion for its evolution. If there is no passion or motivation (or moral attachment), the development is not likely to progress much, or atleast, the developers will not really enjoy it. On the other hand, those developers also had a purpose at hand. Linux Torvalds needed a Minix clone to aid in his learning as a hobby. Rusmus made PHP out of his need to enhance his site to offer something exciting.
So, I think the way its going right now is good enough and balanced, even if it doen't seem balanced enough. In a wider scope, Businesses and Geeks are all expected to live happy lives with the way it is going at the moment.
FREE doesn't always mean free.
WHY do people always seem to assume that the notion of free software means "without price"?
Free means OPEN, first.
What they're afraid of
It's not that Free Software has succeeded, it's that its success shows how clearly the idea of "Intellectual Property" has failed: Instead of promoting competition and efficiency, "IP" has encumbereded the market to the point where it is so unproductive users have been forced to give up on vendors and just do it themselves. Although failing their customers, monopolism is great for the largest and most influential companies, so they will do all they can to delay the demise of the "IP" regime, which obviously includes fighting against the exposure of such evidence of its counterproductivity.
I couldn't disagree more.
I'm really not sure where you gathered your ideologies of Free Opensource software, but it's apparently not from the academic and scientific community. Currently, we run a Beowulf cluster at the cancer research center I work at. In the line of Proteomics and Bioinformatics, the Free Software that powers this 20 node cluster not only saved the taxpayers alot of money (since we are funded by NIH), but performed better than any previous "proprietary" solution that we had tried in the past. In addition, due to it being an "open" system, our programmers have been able to develop creative solutions that integrate with the operating system in a harmonious manner.
This little cluster is plugging away at protein chains to help find treatments for cancer. To say that it is unimportant, or should just go away is ignorant and wreckless. It is projects like the Beowulf, Linux, and the other Open Source titles that push those writing proprietary code to do one better. Even your everyday application like K3b beats any proprietary software for burning CD/DVD media that I've ever found. I didn't have to pay anything for it, but if I needed support I not only have a community, but a company that I can pay to help me. I also choose Novell's SuSE Linux to run several other servers that do anything from acting as domain controllers, and print/file servers. Having a mixed heterogenous environment also adds to our overall security, as one 0 day exploit cannot take down all of our services.
I think before you write a article that so illegitimately dismisses Open Source software as all being "hobby-ware", you should ask those in the industry that actually use it. You know, I wouldn't be suprised if this very webserver runs off of Apache. That would make me grin.
IP is Important
What I believe goes missing in the whole debate of open software versus proprieatary is the fundamental issues of economics. The open source / proprietary divide highlights the same issues of start-up vs. large coporation thinking - small is dynamic, large is beurocratic.
The open source movement is extremely important in it's development of new and novel ways of implementing and doing things for users, since it is produced by users and not a marketing department. However, what is ignored is the fact that someone has to write that code, and that someone needs to eat.
In a corporate, controlled IP environment, that person is clothed, fed and supplied for by their salary which is derived from the earnings of the firm which in turn are entirely based on the premise that it owns the right to sell it's product. Open source firms trying to charge for services or sales run into a fundamental difficulty: The product can be replicated easily with it's bare bones hanging out, nullifying competition. And we all know competition is the heart of a free and open market.
Which begs the point: Monopoly/Corporatism or Zero-Competition - ultimately they are the same, as hemogenous products are produced by either a well funded marketing and research department in one or through an evolutionary process in the other - IE7 vs. Firefox 2.0 being a good example.
This is why IP is important - ownership of the right to your creation is paramount to it's value.
Oh? Now I wonder who you are...
You sound like you've come straight across from IPcentral. Did you find FSM by looking through your referral links? And you didn't even have the guts to admit it. I cry foul.
-The indivisible man
Unsupported conclusion
It would seem that whenever one lowers the barrier to entry in any market, he increases competition. So saying that "other companies can easily take the software you are selling and sell it themselves decreases competition" - that seems to be a bit backwards.
If this were true, there would be only one linux vendor in the world - or no linux vendors.
How many Windows vendors are there? How many linux vendors? There is much more competition (and hence innovation) in the linux space.
The point here is that as a society we move on much quicker when there is real competition. If OS technology can be commoditized (like with Linux) then great - MS and everyone else can move their capital, research, and service power into the next big thing.
Why reinvent the wheel every 5 years and have nothing innovative to show for it. It is a terrible waste of human potential.
Long live the hyper-competition created by open source software. It is the real and only drive of true innovation. As someone wise once said "Any good idea is built on another - to come up with a truly unique idea one would have to go back to the beginning when we knew nothing and start over again - and we don't want to do that."
IP is Important
Do you really understand anything. What does IP mean, because it does not mean what you think it means. FOSS is IP as much as closed source is. Just because you can change/improve/copy FOSS does not take way ownership. Take linux for an example Linus could not close source it if he wanted to because he does not own all the parts. Others send code to be included in linux but do not give him ownership they keep that, read and understand the GPLv2.
Most software is not tied to sales
As a datapoint, the only software I've been paid to write was paid for as a custom service: software used in scientific research, developed as part of a university program in the one case and support scripts, documentation, and software packaging in another. In both cases, the software was done in a "free" environment.
The university software was developed in 1985 or so, so I had never heard of the GPL or Richard Stallman, but we weren't considering the software as a saleable product, but merely part of our research program.
The later work I explicitly arranged to be on a non-copyleft free license, which allowed Caltech and I to have equal footing in exploiting it, either for free or non-free purposes (as a minor ethical point I view copyleft as a type of payment arrangement, so if work is already paid for by a government or corporate grant, then I feel a non-copyleft license is more appropriate -- if the taxpayers pay for it directly or indirectly, it should be effectively in the public domain).
OTOH, I've never written software as part of something to be sold, and I know maybe one person who has out of all the people I worked with (he was writing stuff for the Xbox 360, last I heard).
So, really, I just don't buy the argument that proprietary software is necessary to make programming a paying job. Other people have collected actual statistics on this (e.g. Eric Raymond), I just have my own experience, but the conclusion is the same: most software is written as a contracted service anyway.
That said, I do believe there are certain categories of software, such as games or tax-software, which have a limited duration of utility, which are completely reasonable to sell on a proprietary basis. These are products which require a rapid, schedule-driven development cycle, followed by a well-defined (and short) product lifespan. Since they require extraordinary effort, and have only a limited time to offset the cost of development, sales of copies is a reasonable funding solution.
The alternative in such cases is something like RSPP, in which the funds are collected in advance, but that's always a bit of a risky approach (what if the funds are collected, but no product is delivered? what if the product is delivered, but it's inferior? what if you can't raise enough money in advance? etc). The proprietary approach actually can be looked at as an after-the-fact collective patronage arrangement.
Of course, by the same token, you could develop such products (and I think this would be especially cool for games) on a "time delay" license. Free Software Magazine itself had planned (and I think still hopes to in the future) license articles on this kind of basis: they are not available immediately under a free license, but automatically revert to one. It's kind of a re-implementation of the US constitutional idea of "limited times" copyrights -- but you know, for real.
I tried to interest Creative Commons in promoting a license module like this as a better solution than "non-commercial" licenses, but there wasn't much interest. Maybe somebody will do it -- I know I haven't got the energy to become a license maintainer. ;-)
Games and Taxes
Games and tax software are good examples where it may be tough for free software to compete. Well, tax software wouldn't be so bad if we could come up with a better tax code. For games, I like how id Software releases source code under the GPL after a period of time.
Outside of software, if I were fortunate enough to sell a book to a major publisher, I'd like to think it wouldn't betray my belief in free culture to sell it under a normal copyright for a period of time (1 year? 2 years?) before releasing it under a Creative Commons Share-Alike license. (That's in the short term. Longer term I'd like to have a way to make money and immediately release freely.)
What you are postulating is ridiculous. Without IP, people will still want software written and be prepared to pay money for that, and people will still be prepared to write software for money. You can't seriously think that the money won't find its way from the former to the latter in exchange for software production?
The means by which the money gets from user A to software house B might change, but its route from software house B to developer C won't really, because in both worlds only the most efficient corporate structures for software-production can survive.
Actually people would be prepared to spend _more_ money since they're getting software they can do _more_ with. (Greater efficiency might shrink the amount of work required, who knows, but that happens in every industry. Anyway more software will be produced, and its production will be funded.)
Incorrect assumptions
Your assumptions about the economic value of software is mistaken, as is your assumption that you can only earn a living writing software if your software is closed-source.
First, let's talk about earning money.
I have earned money by being a DBA, by writing custom vertical software for niche markets, etc. I have contributed to a few free software projects, though I have never been a key player in any successful free software project. This is true for most authors of Free software-- their day-job is not writing Free software, but doing the other things geeks do, like manage your IT infrastructure.
Secondly, software will get written, and people will pay others to write it. That has been proven by the success of Eclipse, Linux, Apache, Cygnus Software, Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Samba, CUPS, X11, PostgreSQL, MySQL, BerkleyDB, OpenOffice, and a whole host of others, including most of the infrastructure of the Internet.
Now, even if people *weren't* getting paid to directly write software, it would *still* get written. Consider the case of Enlightenment, or Nethack, or Linux, or Samba, or Debian, or many others too numerous to mention. (Yes, there's crossover. That's one of the great things about Free software-- anyone can participate, whether they are being paid to or not.)
Now consider the programmers at most closed-source software vendors. Do they, the men and women who create the software, see anything but their salary? In all but the most exceptional cases, the answer is, "No, they do not." They are rarely better off than the Free software programmer. Now with programming jobs being outsourced to India and China, they are in many cases worse off than Free software developers, unless they live in India or China. The holder of the "IP" is not the programmer, nor probably even the designer, but the corporation. It is not the programmer who wins in the closed-source world.
So the whole thought that Free software == starving programmers is false. In fact, it is an outright lie that fails in the face of all evidence. And the opposite is also not true: programmers do not see much from the fruit of their labors in the closed-source world, either.
Now, let's talk about the value of software.
The value of software comes from the use of software, not the selling of software. All other things being equal (which I know they are not), GNU/Linux and MS-Windows are equally valuable to a corporation as a web server or an email server. In one case, the corporation must purchase licenses for the software (often totaling hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars). In the other case, licenses are free.
In both cases, the corporation must pay someone to come in and install, configure, administer, and maintain the software.
The economic worth of the software is weighed against the economic cost of the software. In the end, that is the value proposition. To the corporation that is extracting value from the software, the initial and recurring costs of the software count *against* its ultimate value.
This doesn't even touch on the fact that Free software can be modified beyond its original aims, thereby giving the corporation or user even more value; nor have I mentioned the lack of support for aging closed-source software, forcing frequent, costly, and disruptive upgrades.
So, your whole point of IP being important to the value of software is not only wrong, but it is the opposite of the truth. IP impedes extraction of real economic value.
Great comment, Anthony -- thanks. As I've often seen it explained, it makes a lot more sense to base the business model around software support than shrink-wrapped licenses. At least, it makes more sense for the consumer. If I'm a corporation, do I want to be dependent on Microsoft who has the incentive to keep shoving new features in to already buggy software and get it out the door and then coerce me in to upgrades when they're not needed? Or do I want to go to Red Hat which may have more incentive to provide me with a stable environment?
The difference is the
The difference is the product. With propietary software, the product is the COPY of the software (which, can be easily replicated anyway, although illegally). In Open Source companies, the product is not the software (since it is a publicly owned good) but software is the vehicle. The product can be either support, training, customization services, consulting... and these services cannot be easily replicated (either legally or illegally).
That is the difference my friend: Open Source PRODUCTS add value, they dont merely same copies of the same product once-and-again. True value from true work, and not anymore work once and charge thousands (and thats what propietary software/media/IP companies try to do).
Propieatary and FLOSS companies offer different products.
The difference is the product. With propietary software, the product is the COPY of the software (which, can be easily replicated anyway, though it can be illegal). In Open Source companies, the product is not the software (since it is a publicly owned good) but software is the vehicle. The product can be either support, training, customization services, consulting... and these services cannot be easily replicated (either legally or illegally).
That is the difference my friend: Open Source PRODUCTS add value, they dont merely same copies of the same product once-and-again. True value from true work, and not anymore work once and charge thousands (and thats what propietary software/media/IP companies try to do).
http://weblog.ipcentral.info/ is hosted on freebsd/apache
nuff said
> In a corporate, controlled
> In a corporate, controlled IP environment, that person is clothed, fed and supplied for by their salary which is derived from the earnings of the firm which in turn are entirely based on the premise that it owns the right to sell it's product.
I don't know how it is over there, but here in Europe, programming is (mostly) done as a "service" for customers (i.e. for companies that have better things to do than make their computers working themselves).
So the whole notion of "based on the right to sell it's product" is weird. It's the _skills_ and _time_ that are sold.
> Open source firms trying to charge for services or sales run into a fundamental difficulty: The product can be replicated easily with it's bare bones hanging out,
Of course
> nullifying competition.
Not really. They can have someone else extend the program, if he can do so better. Am I missing something?
> And we all know competition is the heart of a free and open market.
> This is why IP is important - ownership of the right to your creation is paramount to it's value.
Errr. Havings skills (i.e. to be able to deliver what the customer wants) is paramount to your value in the marketplace.
Ownership doesn't have anything to do with the value. I own this pile of aluminium foils left over from food packaging. They don't really have value, because nobody wants them (I guess :)).
Since programs you write are not solely your creation, it would be weird to have a monopoly for a program you didn't write (all by yourself) (which is mostly impossible in any reasonable timeframe anyway).
btw: the term "IP" is a catch-all term that doesn't have a clear-cut meaning (like the word "free" as well), so please use "Patents" or "Copyright" where you mean it (or "Newthing").
Houston Flight Control Center operates exclusively with Linux
Carpenter's blog is out to lunch.
Of course since he was being sarcastic...
...then you really mean that Carpenter's blog is "on the money".
Which it is.
Blood, Sweat, and Bubbly!
Open Source Software is the productivity of volunteer spirits who desire to improve problematic areas for a working advantage. These resourceful spirits love a good challenge and they love to show off their cabilities. The Linux environment is an extreme improvement over the new Microsoft OS coming out in January '07 not only for the price and quality but for the advanced features available on a Linux System.
The setup and learning curve of a Linux Operating System in a corporate setting is certainly worth the time concidering the security issues and the cost of operation. A corporation with only 200 workstations will save a small fortune in license fees by using a Linux System. The same environment might spend $20,000 for a Microsoft OS.
That alone is enough to make the big money grabbers angry. The easy street, lazy computer peckers who are used to the MS OS might become disgruntled at the thought of learning a new way of accomplishing tasks. That is an interesting theory! A Linux Operating System is actually much easier to use and so much faster than a Microsoft OS. Linux has come such a long way by the sweat of volunteers who should be given a standing ovation and a glass of bubbly sparkling wine to celebrate the achievements.
Sharon Solesbee, Internet Engineer
Speaking as a developer...
Speaking as a developer, if I were the last person standing beside Stallman shouting for and producing free software, I'd still do it with just as much vigor as a do today.
Keep fighting the good fight, Scott. Great read.
Thanks. I really appreciate the kind words, and I like that sentiment. Richard is quite a controversial person, but he's earned my respect in the way that he speaks and writes so well about free software. (Not to mention what he has done to get the whole thing going!) So count me in on the shouting. :-)
MBA mindset
Many of us with MBAs suffer from a narrow mindset of corporations, products, and profit. We were taught that a company makes a product, owns/licenses the product, and gets the profits from sales/licenses of the product. The company invests R&D in the product, creates IP in the product, which they own, and they make revenue on sales or licenses of the product. This is the "traditional" software market and was reflected in most software companies until the Internet boom of the late 90's.
Giving a product away, often to your competition, is very hard to understand for those that subscribe to this mindset. Open Source, to them, is basically giving your product away. It is helping your competition compete against you. It devalues your investments in what you perceve as your product.
What they fail to grasp is that a lot of programming is under contract with little or no IP, just repeating the same stuff over and over (infrastructure). They fail to grasp that much of the software stack is now a commodity which can be replaced by other components for little cost hence there is little reason to "own" a browser, a word processor, etc. They fail to grasp that their widget is just built on the shoulders of other widgets just as science is built on the work of those that went before.
Open source is a major shift. They can't easily see how to make money, so it is a big threat. They see a loss of value of their existing products following their existing, antiquated model. What they fail to realize is that there still is a valid arena for commercial products and there is a large arena for services and support. However, why would you buy a spreadsheet, operating system, word processor, database, web server, etc. when you can get very good ones for free? Only purchase those if you need specific capabilities such as really big databases with millions of rows, replication, redundant servers, etc.
Today, a software company should focus on new, innovative, creative products and use open source as a component in their toolbox. They should encourage and support open source, much like IBM (they get it), and only create proprietary software for specialized markets or for business integration.
Free or paid is a choice you have. Nobody is forcing anybody to get a free software.
Generally when you pay and buy licensed product you do not have the freedom to tailor them to your needs, you have to use what you got in the box. Where the GNU softwares give you the flexibilty to mod it to your needs.
Personally i would like to have more choices than to be a slave to one vendor.
Works pretty darned well
The free software model of colaboration obviously works. Through this model we have the likes of linux, gimp, and many other free tools. Cooperation DOES breeed innovation - linux was one of the first operating systems widely available to offer clustering. Open source and capitalism can coexist - someone has to support all the linux servers and teach the non-techies how to use the free software properly... ;-)
Whenever I hear this kind of "FLOSS is anti-capitalist" crap, I can't help thinking of Stevens (R) of Alaska. "It's a bunch of tubes!" They just really don't get it, and so it will pass them by.
In the past, neighbors worked together to build houses and schools each man contributed from his own abilities. Many of those buildings are still standing after hundreds. I had to move out of a building in a subdivision built in 1970 by a contractor. In the past musicians made a modest living by actually performing. Literally every single popular song has the same basic chord and rhythm structure as previous songs written by other artists. Artists refer to it as being "influenced" by another artist. In the past, ideas were shared and put into print. Thus, we have great works of art, literature sciences and medicine. Today we hoard these things, lock them up so that only a select few really benefit. Our culture values wealth, but cares very little how it is attained. Today, companies are patenting the very genes that make us human. Disney made a fortune off of stories that were in the public domain and laid claim to things that never belonged to them in the first place. Cisco systems just applied for a patent on voice, data, video transmission on the same network. Yes, the patent is so broad you could run a truck through it, it basically covers all cable, telephone and microwave networks. But they have the money, so laying claim to anything is a matter of dollars & lawyers. I don't think Newton much cared if you used his calculus to solve a problem. But today you have companies patenting the obvious and abusing the justice system for profit. Penicilin wasn't patented and it certainly was not a hippie who discovered it. But drug companies lock up the rights to drugs so that most people who need the drug could never afford it. Greed can destroy a market, that's why we have the SEC here in the US. Working collectively to benefit all does not destroy an economy. It never has in the history of mankind. But runaway greed, excessive litigation, and down right theft certainly can and has.
Free Has Its Advantages
Where software is coded for free, it really shows that the coder has passion for the project at hand. Although I can certainly see the advantages of having everything organized and managed by a professional team, it is the passion that separates a so so product from a real useful and innovative product.
all these hours typing could be spent coding
If you *can* code... that is
If you *can* code, that is!


text:
After years of dipping into the reserve fund, the city of Augusta is looking at making some serious cuts in services.
"It's time now to quit spending the savings and adjust our lifestyle," says city administrator Fred Fussell.
Considering that they're $5 million in the red, the cuts could have a big impact on everyone.
The nearly $5 million budget shortfall has Augusta city leaders looking for ways to get more bang for their buck...but it could mean scaling way back on services.
There's no simple answer for the budget shortfall. Pay raises, high gas prices, and uncollected taxes all play a part.
But now, city leaders say there's no need to look back. Rather, they should focus on how they can quickly fix the problem.
And even though this is an election year, they know some tough choices will have to be made.
"When you consider a $5 million budget deficit, that is a huge issue to the community," says Augusta mayor Deke Copenhaver.
It's a critical crunch leaving city leaders between a rock and a hard place.
"We are going to have to make cuts," Copenhaver says. "There is no doubt in my mind."
A deep budget shortfall has the commission digging for ways to get out of a $4.8 million hole.
Right now, Mayor Copenhaver is tying together a committee to solve the deficit dilemma.
"We need the best and brightest financial minds in the community addressing this issue," he says.
Preliminary discussions have brought talk of cutting the city's parks and recreation and public transit departments. Both are losing money. But city administrator Fred Russell says no department or job is free from the chopping block.
"Pretty much everything is on the table, and each specific area has to be able to prove the work that they bring to the table," he says.
With such a budget crunch, city leaders say it only makes matters worse when you don't pay Uncle Sam.
"We have got to go after the people who have not paid their tax bills as well," Copenhaver says.
The Tax Commissioners Office says there are about 6000 of you who haven't paid your taxes, accounting for nearly $2.6 million of the deficit.
And speaking of taxes, raising them again is an option. Marion Williams says he may support that, but only if it will make a substantial difference.
"I don't think we ought to keep inching and inching," says commissioner Marion Williams. "If you're going to raise taxes, you can raise them, so we don't have to keep coming back and raise them again."
But as the mayor explains, raising taxes still will not solve this pressing problem.
"We could not raise taxes enough to cover the budget deficit," he says. "That is a terrible situation to be in."
The city administrator says there have already been major reductions in city travel and office supplies. He says he anticipates around 50 jobs being cut. Some commissioners are also recommending rescinding half of the eight percent raises they approved for county employees.
This is not the first time there's been a committee formed to make cuts. Back in 1981, the city was in a major budget crisis. A committee was formed, but no cuts were made.
The mayor says this time he's positive there will be.
This is not the first time the city has been in financial trouble.
In 2005, leaders were staring down an $8 million deficit.
Then, they used a tax increase, salary lapses, and a $1.5 million dip into reserve funds to balance it.
They also used reserve funds to help with more than $3 million shortfalls in both 2004 and 2003.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stressed Out? Here's Your New Workout
When you're stressed, the last thing you want to do is exercise. But these 11 easy moves will help you feel better fast
The move: Roller abs
Difficulty: Easy to medium
Lie on a beach towel with your head slightly lower than the top of the towel. Grab the corners of the top of the towel in your hands and bring your fists right by your ears with elbows pointed towards the ceiling. Your head should be cradled by the towel. Now, using your abs, crunch your elbows up towards the ceiling; you'll feel it in your abs (without that telltale strain in your neck). Do 30 reps, working up to 50 (or until your abs are completely fatigued).
SEE NEXT PAGE: The equipment: Bag of dog food
Older comments
Thanks for the info
by EricaF123 Sunday, January 20, 2013 at 04:20PM Report as inappropriate
I thought some of these exercises were interesting.
by Sari Monday, January 7, 2013 at 09:26PM Report as inappropriate
I dont own a skateboard
by kimihavens Tuesday, November 6, 2012 at 08:53AM Report as inappropriate
very interesting....
by Chris213 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 at 07:22PM Report as inappropriate
These tips do away with the I can't exercise excuse!
by robyne00 Friday, September 21, 2012 at 11:36AM Report as inappropriate
I felt like a new person after this work-out!
by alictasia Tuesday, July 17, 2012 at 10:02AM Report as inappropriate
These look like good techniques.
by andyv1217 Saturday, May 5, 2012 at 09:47PM Report as inappropriate
love the beach towel roller abs, I often hurt my neck doing situps!
by sportimonki13 Thursday, April 19, 2012 at 07:18PM Report as inappropriate
where my comment go? :( I hate it when my comment doesn't show up.
by MissXu Thursday, April 19, 2012 at 08:52AM Report as inappropriate
Great tips, I will try some of these. :)
by yestfl Wednesday, April 18, 2012 at 10:04PM Report as inappropriate
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text:
Here are statements from Dave Hart, vice chancellor and director of athletics and Cuonzo Martin, head men's basketball coach.
Click here for the original story.
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I hadnt seen Esther Palmieri for about four years when within the last two months I kept bumping into her at the wakes of the superstars. I saw Esther at Louie Ramirez wake and, of course, we hugged and kissed. A short time later I met Esther again at Mario Bauzas wake. At Louies wake I confessed to Esther that it was certainly wrong of me not to have kept in contact with her since Charlies death. My vanity and ego also caused me to unashamedly ask, Did Charlie consider me one of his best friends? Esther looked me straight in the eye and told me, yes, of course he did, how could you think otherwise? This pleased me very much because Charlie Palmieri and I go back to before our births. Our parents knew each other in Ponce, Puerto Rico before Charlie or Eddie or I were born.
In the late 40s, Charlies father had a radio and T.V. repair shop on Westchester Ave., in the Bronx, a half a block away from where my Casalegre Record Shop would open in November 1955. In the late 40s, Charlie played piano with my uncle Bartolo Alvarez and his Orchestra. I was playing conga in my uncles band when I met Charlie at a rehearsal and, of course, his charisma, personality and talent engulfed me. Pete Terrace was also in the band at that time playing timbales. Pete very frankly told me that I was the worst conga player in the world, and, of course, he was right. Charlie had just come back from a two year stint playing in Chicago with his quartet which included Johnny Pacheco on conga, Tony Costello on timbales and Guito Gonzalez on bass.
Charlie played with my uncles band intermittently, as he was also playing with other bands including Tito Puente's. In the late 50s Charlie formed the Charanga Duboney with Johnny Pacheco. They recorded a great LP for UA which included the tune Mack the Knife. Shortly after Charlie and Johnny had musical differences and they decided to go their separate ways. I understand they did it in such a gentlemanly fashion that they divided the arrangements and the musicians in a fair manner.
I happened to have heard Pachecos Charanga in Nov. 59 and signed him to Alegre Records and a few months later I heard Charlies Charanga and signed him up also. The peak of my Alegre years was from 1960 to 1966. Charlie and I were inseparable. We ate together, went to the movies together, and our wives and children became very close. During that period Charlie recorded four albums with his orchestra for Alegre. We were working together very frequently because I usually asked Charlie to play piano on most of my studio projects; i.e. Mon Rivera, Cesar Concepcion and, of course, the Alegre All Star albums.
I sold Alegre to Branston Music, the umbrella corporation that also owned Tico and Roulette. The sale took place in 1966. I went with Tico-Roulette as Staff Producer and continued calling Charlie to fill the piano chair on most of my projects, including Celia Cruzs Són Con Guaguanco.
In 1967 I went with Musicor Records as Staff Producer and Charlie contributed many arrangements to my Musicor productions. In the 70s Charlie sticks out in my mind for his great piano work on the Orlando Marin Saxofobia recording and later in the Tribute to Miguelito LP which has not as of yet been released. Besides the 45 title tune from that album, only the jazz instrumental "Don Alfredo" has been released. Charlies solo on "Don Alfredo" is a great example of his rapidity, technique, dynamics, chord knowledge, creativity, and, more than anything else, his improvisational talents. By the way, Charlie was one of the best sight readers in the business. He went to many recordings without any rehearsal and sight read the music as if he had been playing it for a long time. Charlie was not just a salsero or a mambonick. Charlie played the classics and all the indigenous rhythms of the various Latin American countries, i.e. Porro (So. Amer.), Pasillo (S.A.), Vallenato (S.A.), Gaita (S.A.), Valse (Peruvian Waltz), Samba (Brazil), Tango (Argentina), Joropo in 6/8 time (Venezuela), Ranchero (Mexico), Pasodoble in 2/4 time (Spain), Mapelle (P.R.), Mazurca (P.R.), Cumbias (Colombia), and Pambiche (Dom. Rep.). Charlie was also at ease playing jazz. In fact, his first 5 LPs in the late 50s for George Goldners Gone label, were closer to Jazz than Latin Jazz. The album Take it Easy included a Jazz version of Noro Morales famous Ponce.
Of course all competent Latin piano players can play the Cuban tempos: Danzón, Danzonette, Cha Cha, Mambo, Guajira, Guaguancó, and Bolero. The Rican tempos: Danza, Plena and Bomba. The merengue (Dom. Rep) and the Samba (Brazil) and the Pachanga from the Bronx. There are those who will argue that the Pachanga is from Cuba. They dont know what theyre talking about. The truth is that the word Pachanga comes from Cuban composer Eduardo Davidsons song La Pachanga with somewhat of a Merengue beat. The dance tempo was created by Johnny Pacheco in 59 in Becos Triton Club on Southern Blvd. in the Bronx.
In the late 70s I was working for Fania as Director of Special Projects and prepared 39 Best of..... packages. Louie Ramirez had his office next to mine and Charlie had resigned with Alegre which was being administered by Fania. So Charlie, Louie and I saw much of each other and supported each other in our separate projects.
One day I had just finished writing the backliner notes to Charlies Best of.... titled Gigante Hits when Charlie showed up at La Tierra Studios for a session and dropped into my office to say hello. I took advantage of his being there and gave him the notes to approve. He was reading the notes when all of a sudden he looked at me with watery eyes and asked me, is this true? Charlie had just read, Charlie is the most liked individual in our industry. His family, friends, musicians, promoters, D.J.s, record company execs etc. adore him. Piano players literally idolize him. Tears came to his eyes and as I told Charlie "yes, this is true". I realized then that Charlie was so humble that he did not know of his own stature and this was a GIANT.
I have not mentioned Charlies arranging talents because of lack of space. He was a great arranger and arranged for hundreds of recording sessions.
Charlie loved his family and his philosophy was to share knowledge and help everyone. Charlie was like a brother to me. He passed away Sept. 12, 1988 and at the wake I was devastated. I remember Esther mentioned that my father had been waked there in 76. I also remember that Eddie told me, we dont have to say anything meaning that we knew how we both felt. I also remember that Fordham Universitys radio DJ George Quintano wanted me to appear on his Latin Voyage radio show to reminisce about Charlie, but I was too distraught to do so. In fact, I had a heart attack and was hospitalized for a week.
Charlie meant a lot to me, Im proud to be able to say that we were best of friends. Rest in peace, bro. You were quite a guy and, as Machito said to Miguelito in our Luz a Babalu release, well never forget you.


text:
Researchers from the Broad Institute have been working with a team of international collaborators to collect samples, rapidly sequence genomes, and share data in order to accelerate response efforts to the ongoing outbreak of Ebola in West Africa. The team's efforts culminate with a paper published online in the journal Science, but the story of their research and collaboration stretches back many years.
By scouring the DNA of thousands of patients, researchers at the Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital and their colleagues have discovered four rare mutations in the gene APOC3 that lower triglycerides and reduce a person's risk of coronary heart disease — dropping it by 40 percent.
What: Glioblastoma, the most common and most aggressive form of brain cancer in adults, remains effectively incurable. Evidence suggests that "stem-like" cells help drive this difficult-to-treat disease. These cells may possess properties that give them the ability to resist treatment and drive cancer's growth, but pinpointing them and understanding the circuitry that makes them behave the way they do has been a major challenge.
What: For patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a rare form of blood cancer that mainly affects children and young adults, drug resistance poses a major threat to a promising treatment option currently in clinical trials. About half of patients with T-ALL have mutations in NOTCH1, but drugs that target this gene have so far produced only short-lived effects: at first, the cancer seems to respond, but in a short period of time, T-ALL returns.
To give employees ample time to celebrate the holidays with friends and family, the Broad Institute will close from Monday, December 23, 2013 to Wednesday, January 1, 2014. It will reopen on Thursday, January 2, 2014.
Our websites, of course, will still be up and running during the closing, allowing researchers all over the globe to continue accessing data, software, tools, and more.
What: Researchers are beginning to probe the underlying genetic basis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS), two neuropsychiatric disorders that frequently co-occur in families.
Upddate, Oct. 20: We're happy to report that our IT team has made impressive progress over the weekend and our external facing web pages are now back up and running. For updates on other services, please follow the tweets from @broadsystems.
Broad Institute core faculty member Feng Zhang has been named to MIT Technology Review's list of 35 top young investigators in recognition of his work in biotechnology and medicine.
Broad Institute core faculty member Feng Zhang has been selected as one of the first winners of the Bert L. and N. Kuggie Vallee Foundation Young Investigator Award. The award recognizes outstanding young scientists and provides discretionary funds for basic biomedical research.
Midsummer Nights' Science has become an annual tradition at the Broad Institute, and this year our first lecture in the series offers something extra special: a panel discussion featuring several luminaries from the world of chemical biology and drug discovery. This is the first panel discussion in the history of the series and promises to be a thought-provoking conversation about drug discovery and how we might mitigate suffering from disease in the future.
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text:
Mike Gordon,
Monday, 03/07/2011
Crystal Bay Club Crown Room, Crystal Bay, NV
Set 1: Sound, Couch Lady, Just a Rose, Radar Blip, Easy To Slip, Fire From a Stick, Babylon Baby, Cities, Mound
Set 2: Horizon Line, Balloon[1], Hand in My Pocket, Only a Dream, Midnight, Crumblin' Bones, What Things Seem, Traveled Too Far
Encore: Going Up Home to Live in Green Pastures[1], Soulfood Man
[1] Mike Gordon debut.
Notes: This show featured the Mike Gordon debuts of "Balloon" (Leo Kottke, from Sixty Six Steps) and "Going Up Home to Live in Green Pastures" (Ralph Stanley).
Musicians: Mike Gordon, Scott Murawski, Craig Myers, Tom Cleary, Todd Isler


text:
Published: Saturday, May 18, 2013 at 6:00 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, May 18, 2013 at 6:00 p.m.
The Spartanburg County Sheriff's Office is asking for the public's help in finding a Campobello man accused of possessing and distributing child pornography.
Peter Owen Kendel, 22, of 400 Emerald Drive, was supposed to turn himself in to deputies on April 12, according to the Sheriff's Office.
He didn't, and now investigators say his current whereabouts are unknown.
Kendel is charged with 10 counts each of distribution of child pornography and possession of child pornography, according to arrest warrants dated April 12.
According to investigators with the Sheriff's Office's Special Victims Unit, Kendel is accused of obtaining and sharing images of child pornography using file-sharing software on his computer.
A search warrant led to the seizure of several computers at Kendel's home on April 4, and examination of those machines found numerous files of child porn, according to officials.
According to the warrants, Kendel shared images of minors engaged in sexual activity in June, August, September, November and December 2012 and April 2013.
Kendel may be driving a 1998 Nissan Frontier XE pickup truck, with South Carolina tag FWY254, according to the Sheriff's Office.
Anyone with information on his whereabouts is asked to call the Sheriff's Office or Crime Stoppers at 1-888-CRIME-SC.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Crystal Faceted Glass Beads Rounds 8mm Clear Ice strand
Our Price: $1.99
Retail Price: $3.99
You save 50%
Item SKU: 1690Q
Ask a question about this product
Why you'll LOVE this item:Crystal faceted glass round beads. 8mm. About 3 per inch when strung. Approx. 40 beads. Sold per strand.. Bead count is approximate. Perfect for jewelry making, accenting larger beads, adding a little sparkle to your next design. Combine with others, see our large selection of crystal beads in a rainbow of colors and sizes ~ save BIG on shipping!


text:
Let him who seeks not cease till he finds. And when he finds he will be astonished, and when he is astonished he will marvel, and will be king over all.You examine the face of heaven and earth, but you don't know what's where you are. And you ignore the present moment.The old man will not hesitate to ask the infant of seven days about the place of life, and he will live.The heavens will fold and the earth before your eyes, but he who lives from the ONE will experience neither death nor fear.I am the LIGHT which is over everything. I am the ALL. From me the ALL has gone forth, and to me the ALL has returned. Split the wood and I am there. Lift the stone and you will find me.He who knows everything except himself, lacks everything.We come from the Light, from the place where the light comes into existence through itself alone.There is a LIGHT in the LIGHT-man and it lights up the whole world.
William Morrice
Source: Hidden Sayings of Jesus: Words Attributed to Jesus Outside the Four Gospels, Pages: 111..112
Contributed by: Michael
Copyright © 2016 Gaiam, Inc.


text:
Mary (Rowland) Kaye, Manchester, formerly of Belleville, Ill., and Sumner, died Wednesday, March 27, 2013, at Garden View Nursing Home, Valley Park.
Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Saturday, April 6, 2013, at Sumner United Methodist Church. Visitation will be held from 10 a.m. until service time Saturday at the church. Burial will be in Lakeside Cemetery, Sumner. Online condolences may be left at www.kurrusfh.com.
She was born October 25 , 1925, in Diagonal, Iowa, daughter of Arvil and Aletha (Maupin) Rowland. She married James R. Kaye.
She was a member of Signal Hill United Methodist Church, Belleville, Ill.
Survivors include her children, Sharyn and Bill Portell, Manchester, Linday Kaye and David Eisenberg, Jamestown, N.M., Sally Collier, Belleville, Ill., a sister and brother-in-law, Patricia and Gene Potter, Mendon; grandchildren, Gregory and Terese Portell, Stephanie and Richard Cooper, C.W. Portell, Chris and Aileen Eisenberg, Dana Ferguson, Dawn Fergurson, and Charles Ferguson; and great-grandchildren, Jenna Portell and Chase Cooper.
She was preceded in death by her husband, James R. Kaye; her parents; and a brother, Arvil Rowland, Jr.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
- Jul 18:
- Emmys 2013: 'Walking Dead' among the snubbed
- Emmys 2013 major category rundown: Netflix scores major nominations
- Emmys 2013: Online series 'House Of Cards' makes history
- Neil Patrick Harris subs for Mara on Emmy noms
- Emmy nominations 2013 announced
- Online series, movie stars hope for Emmy honors
- Jul 17:
- Emmys 2013 live chat: 'House Of Cards,' 'Game Of Thrones,' 'American Horror Story,' more
Welcome to to the party, Netflix
The online streaming service proved that it's ready for its close-up Thursday morning as it made a historic impact on this year's Emmy Award nominations.
Netflix's "House of Cards" and "Arrested Development" became the first online contenders to nab nominations among the major categories, with "Cards" scoring one for Outstanding Drama Series.
The stylish political drama also picked up nominations for Kevin Spacey (Lead Actor) and Robin Wright (Lead Actress).
"Arrested Development," a reboot of the cult favorite that originally aired on Fox, failed to break into the race for Outstanding Comedy Series, but it did score a nomination for Jason Bateman (Lead Actor).
Altogether, Netflix, based in Los Gatos, collected 14 nominations. Its success represents a breakthrough moment for the medium, which once was limited to broadcast fare, before splintering into cable and satellite. Now, programming that you can watch on a laptop, mobile phone or tablet is competing next to the likes of HBO and Showtime.
There have been Internet nominees before, including last year's "Web Therapy," but not in the premier fields of acting and best series.
As for other Emmy developments, the list of nominees was again dominated by returning favorites, including past champs "Mad Men" and "Modern Family." Also receiving plenty of Emmy love, as expected, were "Homeland," "Downton Abbey," and "Breaking Bad."
Among the notable breakthroughs were Vera Farmiga, of "Bates Motel," and Kerry Washington of the soapy sensation, "Scandal." Both women will compete in the category for Lead Actress in a Drama. Jeff Daniels of "The Newsroom," also was rewarded with a nomination, despite a great deal of critical disdain for Aaron Sorkin's HBO drama.
The long list of snubs included Monica Potter ("Parenthood"), who won raves for her breast cancer story arc this season. "The Good Wife" and its star, Julianna Margulies, also failed to make the cut, as did the sophomore sitcom "New Girl" and its headliner, Zooey Deschanel.
Here's a rundown of contenders for the Emmy Awards, which will be televised by CBS on Sept. 22 (5 p.m., PST):
Outstanding Drama Series
"Breaking Bad" (AMC)
"Downton Abbey" (PBS)
"Game of Thrones" (HBO)
"Homeland" (Showtime)
"House of Cards" (Netflix)
"Mad Men" (AMC)
Lead Actor In A Drama Series
Hugh Bonneville, "Downton Abbey"
Bryan Cranston, "Breaking Bad"
Jeff Daniels, "The Newsroom" (HBO)
Damian Lewis, "Homeland"
Jon Hamm, "Mad Men"
Kevin Spacey, "House of Cards" (Netflix)
Lead Actress In A Drama Series
Connie Britton, "Nashville" (ABC)
Claire Danes, "Homeland"
Michelle Dockery, "Downton Abbey"
Vera Farmiga, "Bates Motel" (A&E)
Elisabeth Moss, "Mad Men"
Kerry Washington, "Scandal" (ABC)
Robin Wright, "House of Cards"
Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Bobby Cannavale, "Boardwalk Empire" (HBO)
Jonathan Banks, "Breaking Bad"
Aaron Paul, "Breaking Bad"
Jim Carter, "Downton Abbey"
Peter Dinklage, "Game of Thrones"
Mandy Patinkin, "Homeland"
Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Anna Gunn, "Breaking Bad"
Maggie Smith, "Downton Abbey
Emilia Clarke, "Game of Thrones"
Christine Baranski, "The Good Wife"
Morena Baccarin, "Homeland"
Christina Hendricks, "Mad Men"
Outstanding Comedy Series
"30 Rock" (NBC)
"The Big Bang Theory" (CBS)
"Girls" (HBO)
"Modern Family" (ABC)
"Louie" (FX)
"Veep" (HBO)
Lead Actor In A Comedy Series
Jason Bateman, "Arrested Developmeent" (Netflix)
Alec Baldwin, "30 Rock"
Don Cheadle, "House of Lies" (Showtime)
Louis C.K., "Louie" (FX)
Matt LeBlanc, "Episodes" (Showtime)
Jim Parsons, "The Big Bang Theory"
Lead Actress In A Comedy Series
Laura Dern, "Enlightened" (HBO)
Lena Dunham, "Girls"
Edie Falco, "Nurse Jackie"
Tina Fey, "30 Rock"
Julia Louis-Dreyfus, "Veep"
Amy Poehler, "Parks and Recreation" (NBC)
Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Mayim Bialik, "The Big Bang Theory"
Jane Lynch, "Glee" (Fox)
Julie Bowen, "Modern Family"
Merritt Wever, "Nurse Jackie"
Jane Krakowski, "30 Rock"
Anna Chlumsky, "Veep"
Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Adam Driver, "Girls"
Jesse Tyler Ferguson, "Modern Family"
Ed O'Neill, "Modern Family"
Ty Burrell, "Modern Family"
Bill Hader, "Saturday Night Live"
Tony Hale, "Veep"
Reality-Competition Program
"The Amazing Race" (CBS)
"Dancing With the Stars" (ABC)
"Project Runway" (Lifetime)
"So You Think You Can Dance" (Fox)
"Top Chef" (Bravo)
"The Voice" (NBC)
Reality Show Host
Tom Bergeron, "Dancing With the Stars"
Heidi Klum and Tim Gunn, "Project Runway"
Cat Deeley, "So You Think You Can Dance"
Anthony Bourdain, "The Taste"
Ryan Seacrest, "American Idol" (Fox)
Betty White, "Betty White's Off Their Rockers" (NBC)
"American Horror Story: Asylum" (FX)
"Behind the Candelabra" (HBO)
"The Bible" (History)
"Phil Spector" (HBO)
"Political Animals" (USA)
"Top of the Lake" (Sundance)
Lead Actor, Movie/Miniseries
Michael Douglas, "Behind the Candelabra"
Matt Damon, "Behind the Candelabra
Toby Jones, "The Girl" (HBO)
Benedict Cumberbatch, "Sherlock: Parade's End" (PBS)
Al Pacino, "Phil Spector"
Lead Actress, Movie/Miniseries
Jessica Lange, "American Horror Story: Asylum"
Laura Linney, "The Big C: Hereafter" (Showtime)
Helen Mirren, "Phil Spector"
Sigourney Weaver, "Political Animals"
Elisabeth Moss, "Top of the Lake"
Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series
"The Colbert Report" (Comedy Central)
"The Daily Show With Jon Stewart (Comedy Central)
"Late Night With Jimmy Fallon (NBC)
"Real Time With Bill Maher (HBO)
"Saturday Night Live (NBC)


text:
Which sex is the worst about washing up? Why is it so important? We've got the dirty truth on how and when to wash your hands.
Topic Overview
Should I have genetic testing?
You may choose to have genetic testing if you are concerned that you have an increased risk for having or getting a disease that has a genetic cause. The information you obtain from the tests may help you make decisions about your life. For example:
- If tests show that you have an increased risk for passing on a disease to your child, you may choose to have more genetic testing while you are pregnant (prenatal testing). Or you may decide to adopt a child.
- If tests show that you have an increased risk for developing a disease such as breast cancer, you may make decisions that help lower your risk of breast cancer.
- You may feel reassured if the tests are normal.
You may decide to have a genetic test during pregnancy to find out whether your fetus has a disorder, such as Down syndrome. Information obtained from the test can help you decide how to manage your pregnancy.
Genetic testing can be used to find out the identity of a child's father (paternity). It can also be used in crime scene investigation.
What are the main types of genetic testing?
There are six main types of genetic testing:
- Carrier identification determines whether people who have a family history of a specific disease or who are in a group that has an increased chance for that disease are likely to pass on that disease to their children. Information obtained from this type of testing can help guide a couple as they make decisions about pregnancy.
- Prenatal testing determines whether a fetus has a disorder, such as Down syndrome. Information gained from this type of testing can help guide decisions about how to manage a pregnancy, including the decision about whether to end the pregnancy.
- Newborn screening checks for various metabolic diseases, such as phenylketonuria (PKU). Information obtained from newborn screening can help guide medical treatment to ensure the best possible outcome for the baby.
- Late-onset disease testing determines whether you carry a genetic change that increases your risk for developing a disease, such as breast cancer or Huntington's disease, later in life. This might be of interest if you have a relative who has the disease. Information from this type of testing can help you make decisions about preventing or managing the disease.
- Genetic identification (DNA fingerprinting) can be used to determine paternity, help solve crimes, and identify a body.
- Compatibility testing looks at genetic markers to see if an organ for transplant is suitable for a person who needs it.
1 | 2 | 3
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
Last Updated: March 12, 2014
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.
© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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Alabama Outdoors closing Tuscaloosa store
Published: Wednesday, June 19, 2013 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, June 18, 2013 at 11:36 p.m.
Alabama Outdoors, a specialty outdoor retailer, is closing its 5,000-square-foot store at 700 Towncenter Boulevard, Tuscaloosa.
The Homewood-based retailer said its lease is expiring July 31 and that it plans to liquidate the store's inventory, starting a closing sale today. Alabama Outdoors specializes in outdoors apparel, gear and accessories.
"Alabama Outdoors has been serving customers in Tuscaloosa at our current location for almost 15 years," said a statemnent from company President Scott McCrory. "We are taking advantage of the expiration of our lease and closing the Towncenter Boulevard store. We continue to explore other areas of Tuscaloosa for a future location."
Alabama Outdoors also has stores in Homewood, Trussville, Inverness, Montgomery, Huntsville, Florence and Mobile.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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SANTA CLARA -- It didn't take long Wednesday night for the Earthquakes' fortunes to suffer in the Western Conference semifinals at Buck Shaw Stadium.
Disaster struck in the 12th minute when stalwart defender Victor Bernardez left the Major League Soccer playoff game with a right knee strain. He was replaced by Ike Opara.
Bernardez' impact on the club was underscored when Los Angeles Galaxy's Robbie Keane scored in the 17th and 34th minutes and the Galaxy added a goal in the 39th minute by Mike Magee to give the visitors a 3-1 aggregate lead in the series. The final result came late Wednesday night.
Bernardez had scored the lone goal in San Jose's surprising 1-0 victory in the first leg of the home-and-home series Sunday in Carson.
Check the website later for more updates.


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VAIL - Bravo Vail Valley Music Festival's Instrument Petting Zoo is ready to strike a chord this summer. The interactive exhibit will be presented at various community events in the Eagle County during the summer. Appropriate for children of all ages, the Instrument Petting Zoo gives participants the opportunity to play musical instruments and learn how they make their sounds.
"Everyone loves the zoo. Children and adults become instantly engaged and discover the thrill of playing an instrument," said Liz Campbell, the festival's education director.
Children will experiment with real orchestral instruments in the woodwind, brass, percussion and string families.
With the decrease in funding for school music and arts programs, the Instrument Petting Zoo creates accessibility to instruments for children.
"Kids get to toot their own horn at the Zoo. By offering a variety of instruments, the Festival hopes to spark the interest of music in more children across the County," Campbell said.
The Instrument Petting Zoo makes its summer debut at the Vail Farmers Market Sunday. For a detailed schedule or to donate an instrument, visit Bravo's website www.vailmusic.org
In its 25th Anniversary Season, Bravo looks forward to a summer of spectacular music featuring the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, The Philadelphia Orchestra, The New York Philharmonic, Big Music for Little Bands and 50 solo and chamber artists. For a full festival schedule visit www.vailmusic.org or call 877-812-5700.


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DUBLIN, Ohio — While the 17th point and retention of the Presidents Cup was secured by Zach Johnson with six matches still in play Sunday at sodden Muirfield Village Golf Club, outright victory for the Americans was not.
But just like foul weather showing up any time a golf tournament is played in these parts, world No. 1 Tiger Woods showed up just in the nick of time.
PRESIDENTS CUP: Singles results
Looking relaxed from the start this week and taking well to his new partnership with Matt Kuchar, the 19th different partner he has been paired with in professional match-play team competitions, Woods overcame his troublesome back and two-putted the final hole to win 1 up against Richard Sterne to give the Americans their eighth victory in the 10th President Cup. The USA has won the last five matches and leads the series 8-1-1.
BIG IMPRESSION: Graham DeLaet wins fans
It was the third consecutive Presidents Cup that Woods earned the clinching point, and in this 18½-15½ victory, Woods earned four points — the most of any player. Woods, a five-time winner this year, also erased any thoughts of a replay of the Miracle at Medinah in last year's Ryder Cup, when he went 0-3-1 and the USA lost a 10-6 lead on the final day and fell to the Europeans.
"To have the opportunity to win the Cup for (captain) Freddie (Couples) and all the guys on the team, it means a lot to me," said Woods, whose back started to give him fits on the 14th hole. "It's been a long week for all of us. I think that a few of us are a little bit dinged up and our physios did a hell of a job this week of getting us out there and keeping us going. And especially with all of the start and stops ... I'm a little bit sore, and certainly I'm looking forward to not touching a club for a while.
" ... It was a team effort this whole week. ... You want to get back on these teams each and every year. It's just a lot of fun. It was a long week but it was worth it. We did it."
Couples started to wonder if his team would do it. After taking a big 14-8 lead through four sessions of play in the weather-plagued event that saw suspensions of play totaling more than five hours, the USA needed just four points out of a possible 12 in singles play to get the outright win. But the Internationals were rallying in this biennial match-play bout and getting into position to shock everyone with a comeback that would earn a huge moral victory with a tie.
Couples said he wasn't a nervous wreck, but he was acting like one, texting "about 500 times" to his assistant captains Jay Haas and Davis Love III, pleading with them to find the fourth and final point the Americans needed to reach 18 and to win the matches. He stopped texting when Woods, who has a record 24 wins in the Presidents Cup, won his match.
"I was like in a similar position as Freddie; where is our fourth point going to come from," said Woods, who will next play in China on Oct. 28 in an exhibition match against Rory McIlroy. "I was at a point where I wasn't feeling my best coming down the stretch, and happened to get a 1-up lead.
"I was just trying to just hang on to that."
Couples is 3-0 as captain. Through relentless foul weather featuring nearly 2 inches of rainfall during the four days on competition, his team's unrelenting firepower overwhelmed the Internationals once again as every American accounted for at least two points, with Woods earning four and Kuchar, Johnson, Steve Stricker, Webb Simpson and Jason Dufner 3 apiece.
"This is the third time I've had, as I said, All-Star teams every single time," Couples said. "We've gotten nice leads. In a way, maybe they relax a little bit because they are all playing so well, and it just turned out that Tiger ended up getting the point and playing 16, 17, 18 very, very well."
Stricker said it could be more than a win — it could be a steppingstone.
"Last year still stings," he said of the Ryder Cup, where the Americans have won just one of the last six. "If you ask the guys that were on that team last year, I guarantee every one of them would think that last year at the Ryder Cup still hurts a bit. So I think it's important that we came here and got a win.
"As golfers, we've dealt with defeats all the time. You don't win that much. You have your up-and-downs. So it's more about picking yourself up and dusting yourself off and playing and getting ready to go again.
"But I think it was a good step for all of us to win again. It had a scenario brewing much like the Ryder Cup last year coming down to the end. So I think we can all take positives from this going forward to next year."
The next Ryder Cup is in Scotland next September.
The next Presidents Cup is in 2015 at the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club Korea in Incheon, South Korea. It's back to square one for the Internationals, which will somehow try and figure out a way to turn the tide of this series. International captain Nick Price emphatically said before the matches that his team didn't have to win to keep the Presidents Cup to keep it relevant, but it did have to be competitive. For most of the first three days and on Sunday afternoon, the Internationals were competitive and just got outplayed.
But Price, who lobbied successfully to have the matches start with fourballs instead of foursomes (alternate shot) because of the team's historically woeful record in that format, might lobby for some more changes.
Perhaps the Internationals get four captain's picks instead of two. Perhaps the matches go from 34 points up for grabs to 28, allowing for the Internationals to sit players and suppress the Americans' crushing depth of talent. Or perhaps the Internationals wait for the rest of the world to catch up, seeing as only 5% of the earth's population resides in the USA.
"There's lots of changes I would like to see but I don't think we should discuss those now. Let's let the Americans enjoy this win and let's look to the future as to what we can do to make this perhaps more competitive," Price said. "Let's let the dust settle and then look and see which way we're going to go to the future on this.
"I brought a pretty good team here and they played great golf. But the Americans just played phenomenal golf."
No one more so than Woods.
Singles: International 7½, United States 4½
Hunter Mahan, United States, def. Hideki Matsuyama, International, 3 and 2.
Jason Day, International, def. Brandt Snedeker, United States, 6 and 4.
Graham DeLaet, International, def. Jordan Spieth, United States, 1 up.
Ernie Els, International, def. Steve Stricker, United States, 1 up.
Jason Dufner, United States, def. Brendon de Jonge, International, 4 and 3.
Adam Scott, International, def. Bill Haas, United States, 2 and 1.
Zach Johnson, United States, def. Branden Grace, International, 4 and 2.
Marc Leishman, International, def. Matt Kuchar, United States, 1 up.
Tiger Woods, United States, def. Richard Sterne, International, 1 up.
Charl Schwartzel, International, def. Keegan Bradley, United States, 2 and 1.
Louis Oosthuizen, International, halved with Webb Simpson, United States.
Angel Cabrera, International, def. Phil Mickelson, United States, 1 up.


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STOCKTON - Two teenagers were shot early Sunday in northwest Stockton, according to police.
Officers responding to the report of a shooting in a home about 12:48 a.m. in the 9000 block of Darby Court found a 15-year-old boy suffering from a gunshot wound to the torso.
The injury was not life-threatening, and the boy was taken to a local hospital for treatment. A bullet also grazed the left biceps of an 18-year-old woman, who refused medical treatment.
Police reported no information about a suspect.
Location, ST | website.com


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Increase Your Dining Pleasure with Essential Nutrients
For many people, one of life's pleasures is eating. The current concern about obesity attests to that fact. Eating is pleasurable because of our ability to detect the four types of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The blends of these different tastes provide the distinctive flavors of various foods. Smell, called olfaction by scientists, contributes as much to the detection of food flavor as the taste buds on the tongue. As food is chewed, chemicals are released that stimulate the nasal passage to transmit a signal that requires some mineral nutrients to carry a message to the brain. Interference with the ability of smells to stimulate the nasal passage, such as having a cold with a stuffy nose, or lacking a nutrient important to the transmission of signals from cells of the taste buds or olfactory system, can make foods taste off-flavor or bad. (more...)
How N.D. Can Fight Hunger
October 16 is World Food Day, the 23rd annual worldwide observance to increase awareness, understanding and informed, year-round action to alleviate hunger. In the United States, World Food Day is sponsored by 450 national private voluntary organizations. While World Food Day should have meaning to all Americans, I believe it has special relevance to those of us living in the nation's bread basket. (more...)
Competition, Friendship and Animosity among Nutrients
Albert Einstein once said, "Things should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler." When it comes to nutrients, most of us think of them too simplistically. For example, vitamin A is good for eye sight; calcium is essential for bones, and so on. But, just like people, nutrients also have relationships, and with relationships come compatibility, but also, competition, conflict and a whole host of other interactive issues. For example, selenium and vitamin E work as a team; iron seems to have some "co-dependency" issues involving copper and vitamin C; zinc and copper are staunch competitors in the intestine and fight for the same absorptive sites. (more...)
Broccoli Trees and Dinosaur Dip
Most people know that to stay healthy we should eat fruits and vegetables on a regular basis. However, sometimes it is hard to know how to incorporate them into our diet. A simple search for "fun with broccoli" or "broccoli recipes" on the Internet can provide you with great ideas. For example, "Broccoli Trees and Dinosaur Dip" is a recipe posted on the Midwest Dairy Association web site (www.midwestdairy.com/content.cfm/Category ID=119). The broccoli dish is fun to prepare and even more fun to eat. At the same time, you are providing the body with natural disease fighting and health promoting compounds. (more...)
When do you know when enough is enough?
That our estimates of nutrient requirements are as accurate as they are always has been a source of wonderment for me, given the enormous differences that exist among and between people. (more...)
Fruits, Vegetables Pack Cancer-Fighting Punch
Remember when mom said, "Eat your vegetables and you will be healthy." Well, she was right!
We all know fruits and vegetables are good for health but do you know why? Research continues to show that fruits and vegetables contain cancer-fighting compounds. (more...)
RDA and DRI - Not Just Acronyms!
You read that the RDA for vitamin C is 60 milligrams per day for adults. So, what does it mean? (more...)
Silicon: An Essential Nutrient of Good Bone Health
Silicon has become a well-known chemical element in part because its properties allow millions of bits of information to be processed and stored in computers. The term silicon became popular when a large number of computer companies, which had converged in an area of California, became known as Silicon Valley. Now, based on some recent happenings, silicon may become familiar to the general public for another reason – as an element that has health-promoting properties. (more...)


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AG117: Pacifidlog Jam
Redirected from AG116: Pacifidlog Jam
this wiki
Pacifidlog Jam (混戦、混乱!ポケモンコンテスト・キナギ大会!(後編) Disorderly Melee! Pokémon Contest - Pacifidlog Convention! (Part 2) is the 24th episode of Pokémon: Advanced Battle.
Episode Plot
Ash still trains his Snorunt, telling Pikachu and it to finish so they can see May performing. Snorunt uses Ice Beam, but fails. Snorunt uses Ice Beam once more, and succeeds, freezing an apple. Snorunt has fun and uses it on rapid pace, freezing the ground. James comes with a bag and maintains balance, but unfortunately for him, bangs on a wall. The second round begins - the Jester (aka Jessie) and Erica will have the Contest battle. Jester tells Erica she should quit, but naturally, Erica refuses to. She thinks Joshua and she will win and part the ribbon. Jessie tells Meowth it might be quite tough this time to battle. Meowth wanted to battle the Persian, but what's done is done, even if the Jynx looks upon him with a strange sight - the Jynx winks at him.
Jynx starts with Lovely Kiss. Meowth evades and attacks with Fury Swipes, but fails when Jynx makes a pose to kiss him. Meowth runs from Jynx, as she in love with him. Jessie tells Meowth to transform, but Meowth does not know how to do it, but... he remembers James put on his belly an device. Jynx uses Hyper Beam, but Meowth uses the device, transforming himself into Sunflora! Everyone is surprised by Meowth's capability. Sunflora (aka Meowth) uses Razor Leaf (which are normal leaves), though Jynx freezes the leaves with Blizzard. Jessie is left in tough position, so Meowth transforms into Kirlia (even if standing on top of his feet is killing him). Jynx uses Lovely Kiss. Meowth dodges and goes to use Double Team, but falls down.
Meowth transforms into Wailord. Erica realizes that Waliord has trouble without water, so orders Jynx to attack with Psychic. Meowth is upset and scratches the costume, so he is blown away as the air inside is going out of the costume. The judges now know that those transformations are fake, so they disqualify Jessie and Meowth and declare Erica and Jynx the winners by default. Jessie and James remove their disguises, revealing their identities. James throws a net, going after Jynx, but the net is redirected to Team Rocket instead. Jynx blasts them off with a Hyper Beam.
May is shocked to hear that she won't win simply because Erica and Joshua trained so long. Erica remembers that from last week Joshua decided to practice on his own than together. Still, she does know Joshua wants to win as a team. May tells her that she went here to get the ribbon by the rules and does not want to hear her. May and Joshua have the battle - Houndoom attacks with Swift while Skitty dodges and tackles Houndoom. Skitty attacks with Double Slap, but Houndoom evades and uses Shadow Ball on her. Next, Skitty uses Blizzard and Houndoom counters with Flamethrower, so Skitty is affected by the flames and is knocked out.
Ash tells May she has time, so May is more confident. Houndoom attacks Skitty with Swift, but May orders Skitty to use Assist, much to the shock of May's friends. Assist turns into Razor Leaf, negating the attack. Skitty tackles Houndoom, knocking it out. Skitty goes to use Double Slap, but the attack is canceled by Shadow Ball. Houndoom uses Flamethrower, so Skitty counters with Blizzard, but this time, the sides are matched. Joshua and May encourage their Pokémon to do their best. Erica makes a revelation, thinking they are the perfect match. The clock is ticking, so Houndoom uses Flamethrower at full power and Skitty does the same with Blizzard. An explosion is made and Houndoom is knocked out - time is up and the winner of the battle is May.
Joshua is a bit sad, but knows he and Houndoom did their best. Erica is baffled by Joshua's defeat. The last battle is May vs. Erica. Erica tells May she is sorry for the words she spoke to her before, knowing that May and Joshua are a better combination. So, Erica wants a fair battle, so May accepts this challenge. So, the battle begins - Skitty goes to tackle Jynx, but is stopped by Psychic. Next, Jynx uses Lovely Kiss, making Skitty asleep. Jynx uses Blizzard on Skitty, forcing May to lose a lot of points. Skitty uses Assist, turning to String Shot - Jynx is wrapped by the strings. Skitty uses Assist again, turning to Razor Leaf, but... Jynx is free from the strings.
Jynx uses Psychic once more and follows with Blizzard. Skitty uses Assist, which turns to String Shot, and, because of that, the attack is canceled. Skitty uses Assist once more, which turns to Vine Whip. Jynx uses Psychic, negating the attack. May does not give up and orders Assist again. This time it turns to Petal Dance, pushing Jynx. Brock and Joshua realize that May is having a final ace under her sleeve. Skitty uses Assist and Jynx goes to counter with Hyper Beam. However, Assist turns to Fire Spin, negating Hyper Beam and wounding Jynx. Skitty tackles Jynx, defeating it. Because of this, May wins the Pacifidlog Contest ribbon.
May receives the 5th and final ribbon, enabling her to enter the Grand Festival. At the end of the day, Joshua and Erica congratulate May on her victory. Erica now knows Joshua just wanted a rival, so that is why he wanted them to train separately. They promise to become both rivals and partners. Ash also promises to train for the Hoenn League as well. The gang leaves, waving goodbye to Erica and Joshua.
- A part of Jessie and Erica's battle somewhat mimics May's appeal during the previous episode. Meowth, as a Sunflora, "used" Razor Leaf, which was frozen by Erica's Jynx's Blizzard. In May's appeal, she asked her Skitty to use Assist, which turned into Razor Leaf. She then asked it to use Blizzard to freeze the leaves.
- This is the fourth time when Meowth is dressed as a Sunflora, plus he would wear the same disguise again in three future episodes.
- While Salamence is correct in the Pokémon Trainer's Choice, Graveler is also technically strong against its own type, due to Ground-type moves being good against Rock types.
- May's Skitty, a Normal-type Pokémon, is damaged by Houndoom's Shadow Ball, which is a Ghost-type move.
- During May and Erica's battle, the camera zooms out from the scoreboard several times to reveal a bit of the clock that shows less than 0:40 (and more than 0:20) every time starting from very beginning of the battle.
- After the first successful attack from Jynx at the beginning of May and Erica's battle, her health bar is not full, although Jynx had not received any damage at the moment.
- In the beginning of this episode, the white line to Erica's picture is gone. This was in the previous episode too.
- When the camera is panning up on the Kirlia Meowth, the extra straight paper(?) is not shown, yet it is shown before and after this shot.
- At the very end, when they are waving "good bye", May and Max switch spots.
|Pokémon: Advanced Generation
|Other series: The Original · Advanced Generation · Diamond & Pearl · Best Wishes! · XY


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Dog in a Hat, a book about an American racing in Belgium, reads like the racer – Joe Parkin – was just telling you these epic stories on a ride, up a climb, or at a coffee shop. I guess that Joe's friends convinced him to write this book after years of hearing his stories, laughing, embellishing them, and imagining themselves what it's like to race the Hell of the North. Joe did that and more. I expect when you get dropped by Joe, the grumbles are, "yeah drop me on this local hammerhead ride, but he got dropped all over Liege-Bastogne-Liege, whatever … ."
And that's the beauty of this book and story. It's not a hero's journey, but instead a racer's tale, including drugs, betrayal, crazy stuff. A story about getting flat-ass dropped and waking up in a whorehouse to race again. Think about the determination it takes us to finish our local Tuesday night world championship and here's Joe: a stranger in a strangeland, racing with some crazy-ass mofos.


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Left-winger Kevin Lavallee was a talented offensive player during his seven NHL seasons. His quick hands made him particularly dangerous around the slot and on the power play. In addition to a solid career in North America, he excelled in four different European countries.
Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Lavallee was a fine offensive player on the OHA's Brantford Alexanders. After scoring 65 goals for the club in 1979-80, he was chosen 32nd overall by the Calgary Flames at the Entry Draft. The young forward scored 15 goals as a rookie and helped the team reach the semi-finals in their first year since leaving Atlanta. In 1981-82, he scored 32 goals while playing on a line with Guy Chouinard and Lanny McDonald. He slipped to 19 goals the next season and fell out of the club's plans.
Lavallee was sent to the L.A. Kings for Steve Bozek in June 1983 but spent most of the next season in the AHL. He bounced back after signing as a free agent with St. Louis Blues, scoring 33 goals for the club over two years. He also scored the winning goal in the seventh game of the Norris Division finals versus Toronto in 1986 to propel his team into the semi-finals. Lavallee joined the Pittsburgh Penguins as a free agent a few weeks later and recorded 28 points in 33 games before he was injured.
After his NHL tenure was complete, the veteran forward spent nine years in Europe. Highlights of this period included scoring 45 goals for ECS Innsbruck of Austria in 1988-89 and scoring 33 times in 36 contests for Italian club Milano two years later. He retired in 1996 after splitting the year between Germany and Switzerland.


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Tahoe Daily Tribune will publish Letters to Santa on Dec. 22.
Letters must be 50 words or less and the child's name and age must be written on the back.
Letters can be emailed to email@example.com, dropped off at the office during business hours or mailed to Tahoe Daily Tribune, 3079 Harrison Ave., South Lake Tahoe.
Submissions must be received Dec. 17 by 5 p.m. There is no charge for letters to be printed in the newspaper.


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Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park
The Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park quarter is the fourth of 2012 and the 14th overall in the America the Beautiful Quarters® Program. Established as Hawaii National Park in 1916, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration and evolution—processes that thrust a bare land up from the sea, creating unique ecosystems and a distinct human culture. Created to preserve the natural setting of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park is one of the most fascinating biological landscapes in the world. The Hawaiian Archipelago, located more than 2,000 miles from the nearest continental land mass, is the most geographically isolated group of islands on Earth. It was first established as a national site on August 1, 1916 (39 Stat. 432).
The reverse design depicts an eruption on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, capturing the magnificent beauty of the volcano. Inscriptions are HAWAI'I VOLCANOES, HAWAII, 2012 and E PLURIBUS UNUM. Design candidates were developed in consultation with representatives of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.
Additional Links
America the Beautiful Quarters® Program products
Browse our Online Store for all the latest America the Beautiful Quarters Program products. From annual sets to bags and rolls to our America the Beautiful subscription program, we have everything you need.