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3D opportunity for production: Additive manufacturing makes its (business) case
Deloitte Review Issue 15
The business case for additive manufacturing (AM) starts with careful consideration of the direct costs driving AM and traditional production economics, and continues with an examination of less direct factors that can add dramatic value for companies and their customers.
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"A pint's a pound the world around. A gallon weighs 8 pounds." 1
But what does it cost to fly it? Put three gallons on an airplane flying international routes, and the airline might tell you $440,000 per year.2
Leading manufacturers in aerospace and other industries face a daunting challenge. To remain competitive, they must constantly look for ways to deliver superior value to their customers. Cutting costs and competing on price have their place, but who wouldn't prefer delivering superior value with better products and competing on revenue? Truly innovative companies find a way to break the trade-off between better and cheaper and deliver both.3
Additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing, is defined as "a process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies."
Advocates for additive manufacturing (AM), also known as "3D printing," view the technology as a strong potential contributor to companies' quest for excellence.4 In the right context, they see the potential to meet or exceed the direct-cost standards established by more traditional manufacturing methods while simultaneously offering the opportunity to achieve superior supply-chain and product performance.
Many senior executives, operations managers, and financial professionals find themselves trying to understand the business case for AM. This should begin with careful consideration of the direct costs that drive AM and traditional production economics and continue with an examination of some of the less direct factors that can add dramatic value for companies and their customers under the right circumstances.
Such exploration seems justified. Advancements in AM increasingly enable companies to move beyond the technology's historical stronghold of rapid prototyping and into end-product manufacturing. For example, the relative share of AM use for end-product manufacturing is estimated to have grown from 19 percent in 2011 to 28.3 percent in 2012.5 That represents not just a significant share of the AM market but also growth that exceeds the general (already quickly growing) rate for AM technology.
Deloitte's* analysis suggests that AM can offer truly innovative capabilities for companies, allowing them to simultaneously lower costs as well as differentiate themselves in their markets. Our results also suggest that most currently available perspectives on the economics of AM reflect a clear "path I" bias, according to Deloitte's AM strategic framework.6 Along path I, companies deploy AM without significantly changing their underlying business models. Of the studies we examined, all but one consider AM as a direct replacement for an identical product manufactured using more traditional methods—in most cases, plastic injection molding. However, this bias belies AM's well-documented ability to shift a company's business model, either by allowing it to leverage improvements in minimum efficient scale to restructure a supply chain (for example, by producing closer to demand) or by activating the superior scope economies offered by AM approaches to create innovative product designs. Figure 1 provides a brief overview of our AM framework.
Research suggests that AM can add value in two fundamental ways:
- AM has strong potential to match traditional manufacturing methods on a direct-cost basis for production applications. However, the drivers of direct cost substantially differ between the two approaches.
- AM technologies can help companies differentiate themselves by creating unique market offerings and positions, thanks to its ability to transform supply chains, products, and business models.
Framework for understanding AM paths and value
AM's roots go back nearly three decades. Its importance is derived from its ability to break existing performance trade-offs in two fundamental ways. First, AM reduces the capital required to achieve economies of scale. Second, it increases flexibility and reduces the capital required to achieve scope.
Capital versus scale: Considerations of minimum efficient scale can shape supply chains. AM has the potential to reduce the capital required to reach minimum efficient scale for production, thus lowering the manufacturing barriers to entry for a given location.
Capital versus scope: Economies of scope influence how and what products can be made. The flexibility of AM facilitates an increase in the variety of products a unit of capital can produce, reducing the costs associated with production changeovers and customization and, thus, the overall amount of required capital.
Changing the capital versus scale relationship has the potential to impact how supply chains are configured, and changing the capital versus scope relationship has the potential to impact product designs. These impacts present companies with choices on how to deploy AM across their businesses.
Companies pursuing AM capabilities choose between divergent paths:
Path I: Companies do not seek radical alterations in either supply chains or products, but they may explore AM technologies to improve value delivery for current products within existing supply chains.
Path II: Companies take advantage of scale economics offered by AM as a potential enabler of supply chain transformation for the products they offer.
Path III: Companies take advantage of the scope economics offered by AM technologies to achieve new levels of performance or innovation in the products they offer.
Path IV: Companies alter both supply chains and products in pursuit of new business models.
Additive manufacturing and direct costs
As early as 2003, researchers established that AM could compete with traditional manufacturing methods at levels of production up to approximately 14,000 parts,7 but recent analyses demonstrate the economic benefits of AM production for small electrical components in runs of up to 121,000 pieces.8 Yet a variety of complex factors make it difficult to build specific costing models for AM deployment.9 Equipment manufacturers closely guard competitive cost information, and despite the relative youth of the industry, there is still a large variety of system providers and models to choose from.10 Furthermore, selecting the right process demands a focus on the trade-offs between system size, cost, speed, quality, and other considerations.11 However, careful consideration of existing research and current use cases provides insights into the direct-cost drivers of AM business cases. Prior to examining those drivers, it is important to note several common attributes of these studies:
- With limited exceptions, most analytical work in this field has focused on direct comparisons with injection molding, overwhelmingly for plastics. This is appropriate given that, as of 2012, plastics and polymers accounted for approximately 81 percent of the total AM materials market, while metals accounted for less than 6 percent.12
- Studies tend to focus on three common AM technologies: stereolithography (a light polymerization process), fused deposition modeling (an extrusion deposition process), and selective laser sintering (a granular material binding process); the latter technology is receiving attention as the most potentially cost-effective AM technology for plastics.13
- Existing AM research focuses almost exclusively on the production of relatively small objects.14 We note, however, that some industry watchers report "remarkable promise" in the application of AM technologies for large structural parts, particularly in aerospace and defense applications.15
- Analyses also tend to take for granted the superior ability of AM to compete economically for the production of relatively complex parts, and they tend to focus on objects that are higher than average in this regard.16
For example, the relative share of AM use for end-product manufacturing is estimated to have grown from 19 percent in 2011 to 28.3 percent in 2012. That represents not just a significant share of the AM market but also growth that exceeds the general (already quickly growing) rate for AM technology.
In light of these common assumptions, a comparison of the direct costs associated with AM and traditional manufacturing methods consistently points to four elements as key differentiators: tooling, machine costs, materials, and, to a lesser extent, labor.
Tooling: In some cases, the cost of tooling far outweighs the unit cost of each additional part.17 For example, in a comparison of AM and injection molding (IM) for the manufacture of electrical components, Italian researchers found that 93.5 percent of the IM cost structure was associated with the creation of the mold.18 Beyond its production, tooling must be maintained, stored, and often tracked over long periods of time.19 A key attribute of AM is its ability to improve or eliminate costs associated with tooling.20 Any full business case comparing manufacturing methods must account for this difference.
Machine costs: In contrast, machine costs tend to dominate cost structures for AM applications, representing 60–70 percent of total direct costs.21 New production-capable AM systems can require hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars in investment. Build volume, machine utilization, and depreciation can dramatically influence business-case comparisons with traditional manufacturing methods.
AM technology offers the potential to match more traditional manufacturing methods on a direct-cost basis for low and intermediate levels of production (that is, up to and above 100,000 units).
Build volume is critical. Frequently, AM technology demonstrations focus on the creation of a single object. This is effective for showing off the capabilities of the technology but terrible for efficient production. Almost every study we evaluated makes the point that, rather than focusing on single units, achieving volume sufficient to "pack" the production envelope is critical. Some suggest that the relevant measure of cost is not the number of units but rather the user's ability to fill the available production envelope.22 To this end, companies need to leverage the inherent flexibility of AM through the mixing of different components in order to fill out build volumes, implementing envelope-packing algorithms where needed. Failing that, managers should consider leasing excess build capacity to external bidders.23
Assumptions about machine utilization are also critical, and managers should carefully explore the appropriateness of their assumptions with system providers. Research points to supplier-provided assumptions of 80 percent utilization, but they typically assume a more conservative 60 percent utilization in their own analyses.24 That said, there are applications in production over the past 10 years that are reported to achieve upward of 90 percent utilization, comparable to those of IM equipment, when applied to standard builds produced at higher volume.25
Regardless, managers can expect machine costs to contribute a dominant fraction of the total unit cost for AM. Beyond assumptions related to build volume and utilization, managers need to think carefully about issues related to expected machine life and maintenance. Furthermore, those charged with exploring the trade-offs between AM and more traditional manufacturing approaches will want to consult with their colleagues in finance to study the implications of depreciation and tax incentives on the overall business case. The trade-offs imposed by comparing newly acquired AM systems with fully depreciated traditional manufacturing technology could be significant in the short to medium term, regardless of the long-term benefits.
Materials: Analyses place material cost at around 30 percent of the unit cost for AM systems compared with an almost inconsequential amount (0.2–2.7 percent) for traditional methods such as IM.26 Differences in this regard are due largely to the extreme cost differentials that exist in the market between AM and more traditional material feedstock. According to industry analyses, thermoplastics and photopolymers for AM applications can cost $175–250 per kg, while those used for IM cost just $2–3 per kg.27 Similarly, the steel powders used in AM applications are 100 times costlier than commercial grade.28 For example, Italian researchers performed an analysis using a flame-retardant polyamide sold at market (by the system provider) for €54 per kilogram in 2010. The same analysis reports that the comparable material suitable for injection molding cost €3.5 per kilogram (a difference of 1,443 percent).
Speed is important for delivery as well as production. Given shorter product life cycles and increasing global competition, speed to market and prompt delivery may be crucial determinants of customer value.
Material recyclability drives cost as well. Assumptions of zero waste in AM applications seem inappropriate. Consensus on the amount of unprocessed material that can be recycled is hard to find. Some cite zero reuse for highly sensitive aerospace applications, while others suggest near-total reuse is possible.29 Material recycle rates vary by process, system, and application and should be carefully evaluated as part of the business case.30
Of course, production scrap is not solely an issue for AM technologies. By their very definition, traditional "subtractive" technologies have scrap as a byproduct. Studies of aerospace manufacturing consider the "buy-to-fly" ratio of manufactured components, citing ratios between 6:1 and 33:1.31 That is, the amount of discarded material ranged between 83 and 97 percent. We conclude, therefore, that any comparative analysis of AM versus traditional manufacturing includes a careful analysis of both the recyclability of unprocessed AM material as well as a consideration of scrap rates associated with the comparable traditional manufacturing method.
Labor: We find no clear evidence that labor rates differ significantly according to the production environment.32 However, principles may be applied with the goal of part simplification, which can result in substantial labor savings.33 For one application, part simplification (in this case, a reduction from three pieces to one for a simple product) led to a 67 percent reduction in assembly time.34
On a direct-cost basis, most analyses focus on major direct-cost drivers of tooling, machine cost, material cost, and labor (operator and assembly). Results based on these factors alone demonstrate that AM technology offers the potential to match more traditional manufacturing methods on a direct-cost basis for low and intermediate levels of production (that is, up to and above 100,000 units). Figure 2 presents data from an Italian study of the production of a nonflammable, plastic, small electrical component.
Using AM to drive differentiation
Analytical studies of AM's direct costs are important, but they are also restricted in their view. From the perspective of Deloitte's AM framework, they are typically focused on the value that can be derived solely on "path I." With limited exception, they tend to ignore the kinds of supply chain and product innovations that can lead to greater value delivery. Furthermore, senior executives know that direct costs seldom tell the whole story. Customers (business or consumer) purchase products to "do a job."36 They are increasingly likely to assess the full life-cycle cost of that product when making a choice. Finally, Deloitte's research on exceptional companies demonstrates that companies trying to achieve sustained superior performance should focus on being better before they focus on being cheaper.37 With that in mind, AM offers potential higher-value-added opportunities to companies that choose to leave path I to pursue performance, innovation, and growth along paths II, III, and IV of the AM framework.
Those charged with exploring the trade-offs between AM and more traditional manufacturing approaches will want to consult with their colleagues in finance to study the implications of depreciation and tax incentives on the overall business case.
Time is of the essence
Product life cycles are decreasing, and design cycles are accelerating.38 Performance trade-offs related to speed over different segments of the business cycle are, therefore, worth considering as part of the overall AM business case.
Economic studies of AM rarely focus on the production speed of the technology relative to more traditional methods. However, the issue is routinely cited by managers as important to their consideration of AM as a production technology.39 AM can be perceived as slow, particularly in the case of single-object builds. Evidence suggests that these perceptions may be valid. For example, one investigation analyzed the production of 85 assorted components out of stainless steel using a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. After optimizing build volume using a packing algorithm, researchers were able to produce the basket of objects in approximately 108 hours—or 76 minutes per part.40 Managers need to consider their own contexts when determining whether such processing times are acceptable. In making that judgment, managers should remember that the resulting parts are produced to "near net shape," in a single process, and that all steps related to casting, machining, and other equivalent processing (including delays between steps) for more traditional approaches should be considered. Managers should also think about the precise role that production speed must play in the production sequence, and how to balance production speed with delivery speed and other potential benefits.
Speed is important for delivery as well as production. Given shorter product life cycles and increasing global competition, speed to market and prompt delivery may be crucial determinants of customer value. Where traditional production methods may require centralized, even offshore, production (where transit times can stretch into weeks or months), the ability to take advantage of superior scale economics may position AM-enabled manufacturers to respond more quickly to customer demand. For example, the elimination of tooling can substantially reduce time to market by eliminating delay while the tooling itself is created.41 Time to market may also be accelerated through faster design iteration. Where individual customization is required, savings of up to 85 percent in logistical steps and energy consumption have been documented.42 Market responsiveness may also be improved through accelerated product modification and changeover, due to reductions in tooling use.43 In addition to improved responsiveness and cost savings, market risk may be reduced where an improved ability to make minor product adjustments results in greater market acceptance.
Creating value by designing for AM
Venturing beyond path I in our AM framework also means taking advantage of the inherent scope and flexibility of the AM technology set. A simple "apples-to-apples" comparison on part design may be inappropriate. Studies that allow for the possibility of component redesign offer evidence of significant value delivery. For example, in aerospace applications, industry executives claim the ability to leverage AM can reduce component weight by 30–55 percent and eliminate up to 90 percent of material used.44 In a specific example, one airline manufacturer redesigned a generic bracket to make use of AM capabilities. The resulting component was estimated to save 22 pounds per aircraft.45 As reference, in 2008, Northwest Airlines estimated that a 25-pound reduction in the weight of an airplane on international routes was worth approximately $440,000 per year in cost savings.46 Importantly, AM components in these applications are qualified as performing as well as their traditionally manufactured counterparts.47
In summary, AM lets designers focus on supporting the intended function of an object rather than on its manufacturability.
In summary, AM lets designers focus on supporting the intended function of an object rather than on its manufacturability.48 Managers should carefully consider the implications of product redesign, with or without attempting supply chain reconfiguration, in order to truly understand where AM represents a viable production technology and where it does not.
The economics of 3D printing at home
An interesting study by researchers at Michigan Technological University examined the return on investment (ROI) of 3D printing at home.49 The study focused on a commonly used AM device (RepRap) that creates plastic parts using an extrusion-based process.50
To conduct the study, the researchers selected 20 objects, including shower curtain rings, a garlic press, a spoon rest, and a stand for a tablet computer, which are available on a popular website that provides open source designs for AM,51 and they checked online shopping services to obtain price information for comparable items.52
The researchers calculated the total cost of production (materials, energy, machine cost) for each of their additively manufactured items and compared those costs to the comparable item's purchase price. They assumed only the production of those 20 items during each year of AM device operation.
The total energy and materials cost of these 20 items came to $18.11, compared with retail prices of $312.03–1,943.83.53 The researchers used these values to compute payback periods for the AM device between four months (when using the higher retail prices) and two years (when using the lower retail prices). ROIs were estimated using both a three-year and a five-year lifetime for the AM device.54 Using the lower retail prices as a comparison, ROI ranged between 20–40 percent. ROI for the higher retail price comparison exceeded 200 percent for both three- and five-year lifetimes.
The researchers conclude that additive manufacturing of simple plastic components already represents an attractive financial trade-off for US households. With as little as a single day's printing of simple household items, the designs, which are among the more than 100,000 available for free download, more than justify the cost of the device. As these devices continue to improve in quality, availability, and cost, home use of AM may very well become a mass-market application of the technology.
A few key dynamics
AM offers companies an opportunity to innovate within their production environment. Managers should consider seven dynamics as they evaluate the business case for AM:
- Begin with a focus on relatively small, complex, plastic components. It is in this realm of production that the most substantial evidence exists that cost-efficient production using AM can supplant more traditional manufacturing methods.
- Remain open to applications for larger and metallic components. This is particularly true for applications that, using traditional manufacturing methods, use high-cost materials, involve high buy-to-fly ratios, or involve high levels of machining.
- Tooling is fundamental and may shift the calculus toward AM due to its expense, flexibility, and impact on time to market. Even if traditional tooling is justified for large production runs, it may be feasible to deploy AM technology for either product introduction or product support, allowing tooling to be recycled or discarded rather than tracked and stored.
- Watch materials costs. Consider business cases where material costs can be dramatically reduced. In particular, evaluate circumstances where vendor-supplied materials may be required and where they may not.
- Develop a clear picture of the financial implications of new technology investment. Machine costs dominate the direct-cost model for AM. Seek advice on depreciation and tax incentives.
- Adopt a broad perspective on time. Before deciding AM is "slow," consider the full production cycle involved in traditional methods, including latency between production steps. Also consider time to market and delivery lead times as a crucial part of the value proposition.
- Aggressively pursue product innovation based on AM flexibility. Talented designers may find ways to redesign components to reduce material used while maintaining or improving product performance. Redesign can help offset typically higher AM raw material costs and add substantial life-cycle value for customers.
AM is not a panacea. There is no reason to view it as a universal replacement for traditional manufacturing methods. However, there is an important role for these technologies in the constellation of manufacturing methods that managers can deploy in pursuit of performance improvement, innovation, and growth.
*As used in this document, "Deloitte" means Deloitte LLP and its subsidiaries. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte LLP and its subsidiaries.
EndnotesView all endnotes
- According to the Math Forum hosted by Drexel University, the exact weight of a gallon of water is 8.33 pounds (http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/56355.html, accessed April 13, 2014).
- David Churchill, "The weighting game," Business Travel World, 2008, pp. 21–22.
- A full investigation of the impact of "better" and "cheaper" on the company's ability to achieve sustained, superior profitability can be found in Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed, The Three Rules: How Exceptional Companies Think (New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2013). Also see The Exceptional Company collection <http://dupress.com/collection/the-exceptional-company/> from Deloitte University Press.
- See sidebar for formal definition according to ASTM International, "Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies" (designation: F2792−12a), 2013, p. 2. For an overview of additive manufacturing processes and technology, see Mark J. Cotteleer, Jonathan Holdowsky, and Monica Mahto, The 3D opportunity primer: The basics of additive manufacturing, Deloitte University Press, March 2014, <http://dupress.com/articles/the-3d-opportunity-primer-the-basics-of-additive-manufacturing/>
- According to multiple industry reports, the general rate of growth in the sales of AM equipment and services is historically 25.4 percent. Forecasts for industry growth over the next decade are between 18 and 34 percent; see Wohlers Associates, "Additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry," Morgan Stanley Global Research Blue Paper on Cap Goods, September 5 2013; J.P. Morgan, Stratasys, Ltd., Combination with Objet creates 3D printer leader, North American Equity Research, January 18, 2013.
- For a full explanation of Deloitte's additive manufacturing framework, see Mark Cotteleer and Jim Joyce, "3D opportunity: Additive manufacturing paths to performance, innovation, and growth," Deloitte Review issue 14, January 2014, <http://dupress.com/articles/dr14-3d-opportunity/>
- N. Hopkinson and P. Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing: Using layer manufacturing processes for production," proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, pp. 31–39.
- Eleonora Atzeni, Luca Iuliano, Paolo Minetola, and Alessandro Salmi, "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts," Rapid Prototyping Journal 16, no. 5 (2010): pp. 308–17.
- Jeff Allen, "An investigation into the comparative costs of additive manufacturing vs. machine from solid for aero engine parts," Cost Effective Manufacturing via Net-Shape Processing, meeting proceedings RTO-MP-AVT-139, paper 17, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, pp. 17-1–17-10.
- H. S. Byun and K. H. Lee, "A decision support system for the selection of a rapid prototyping process using the modified TOPSIS method," International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology no. 26 (2005): pp. 1338–47.
- Ibid.
- Credit Suisse Equity Research Report on additive manufacturing, September 17, 2013.
- For more detail on the relative strengths and weaknesses of each of these technologies, see Cotteleer, Holdowsky, and Mahto, "The 3D opportunity primer."
- See, for example, Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts"; Cassandra Telenko and Carolyn Conner Seepersad, "A comparative evaluation of energy consumption of selective laser sintering and injection molding of nylon parts," Rapid Prototyping Journal 18, no. 6 (2012): pp. 472-481; Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- V. Saxena (panel chair), "The industrialization of additive manufacturing (AM): Challenges and opportunities for aerospace," panel discussion at the 2nd Annual Aerospace Manufacturing Conference, Mobile, AL, April 1, 2014.
- See, for example, Telenko and Seepersad, "A comparative evaluation of energy consumption;" Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts."
- C. Lindemann, U. Jahnke, M. Moi, and R. Koch, "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing," proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, University of Texas, August 6–8, 2012.
- For a deeper discussion on the impacts of AM on tooling for manufacturing, see Mark J. Cotteleer, Mark Neier, and Jeff Crane, 3D opportunity in tooling: Additive manufacturing shapes the future, Deloitte University Press, April 7, 2014, <http://dupress.com/articles/additive-manufacturing-3d-opportunity-in-tooling>
- See, for example, Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts"; Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing;" Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs" for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing.
- Recall that, by its very definition, AM works "layer by layer." Within a layer, material (plastic, metal, or other) may be treated with a variety of chemical or energy-based processes in order to create a solid object. The point being made here is that the percentage of the layer that is being processed tends not to influence the overall speed, and therefore cost, of creating the object. See M. Baumers, C. Tuck, R. Wildman, I. Ashcroft, E. Rosamond, and R. Hague, "Combined build-time energy consumption and cost estimation for direct metal laser sintering," proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, University of Texas, August 6–8, 2012.
- Ibid. We note that there is some complexity involved in the process of packing the production envelope. Some AM processes require that the object being formed has contact with the "build plate" upon which it rests, in order to promote proper heat dissipation. The complexities of envelope packing should clearly be among the factors discussed with system providers as part of the selection process.
- Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts"; M. Ruffo, C. Tuck, and R. Hague, "Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing: Laser sintering production for low to medium volumes," proceedings of the I MECH E Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture 220, no. 9: pp. 1417–1427.
- Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts"; Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- Wohlers Associates, "Additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry," 2013, Morgan Stanley Research, September 2013; J.P. Morgan, January 2012.
- Ibid.
- See, respectively, Allen, "An investigation into the comparative costs of additive manufacturing"; Telenko and Seepersad, "A comparative evaluation of energy consumption."
- Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- "Buy to fly" refers to a ratio defined by the size of an original billet to that of the finished part that is flown on an aircraft (that is, how much material do you start with versus how much material is in the finished part). See Allen, "An investigation into the comparative costs of additive manufacturing;" R. Dehoff, C. Duty, W. Peter, Y. Yamamoto, W. Chen, C. Blue, and C. Tallman, "Case study: Additive manufacturing of aerospace brackets," Advanced Materials and Processes, March 2013, pp. 19–22.
- Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts"; Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing."
- Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing."
- Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts." As a secondary factor, however, investments in training and development may be required in order to take advantage of the broader design opportunities that AM offers. Such considerations may be important in the evaluation of a transition to AM production environments.
- Ibid.
- Clayton Christensen and Michael Raynor, The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2003).
- Of course, being both "better" and "cheaper" at the same time is always to be valued but is seldom achievable in the real world. For a deeper understanding of the keys to sustained superior profitability, see Raynor and Ahmed, The Three Rules; and The Exceptional Company collection on Deloitte University Press <http://dupress.com/collection/the-exceptional-company>
- R. McGrath and S. Cliffe, "When your business model is in trouble," Harvard Business Review 89, no. 1/2 (2011): pp. 96–98; Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing."
- S. H. Khajavi, J. Partanen, and J. Holmström, "Additive manufacturing in the spare parts supply chain," Computers in Industry 65, no. 1 (2014): pp. 50–63; Byun and Lee, "A decision support system for the selection of a rapid prototyping process."
- Products ranged in size from 9 x 9 x 30 millimeters to 127 x 76 x 52 millimeters, ranged in volume from 960 to 96,645 cubic millimeters, and were selected to be "representative of the products commercially manufactured using DMLS and to reflect variation in product size, geometry, and application." See Baumers et al., "Combined build-time energy consumption and cost estimation for direct metal laser sintering."
- Cotteleer, Neier, and Crane, 3D opportunity in tooling; Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts."
- Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing."
- Hopkinson and Dickens, "Analysis of rapid manufacturing"; Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing."
- Churchill, "The weighting game."
- EOS, "EOS and Airbus group innovations team on aerospace sustainability study for industrial 3D printing," Business Wire (English), April, accessed April 13, 2014.
- Churchill, "The weighting game."
- See, for example, Dehoff et al., "Case study: Additive manufacturing of aerospace brackets"; Atzeni et al., "Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts."
- Lindemann et al., "Analyzing product lifecycle costs for a better understanding of cost drivers in additive manufacturing."
- B. T. Wittbrodt et al., "Life-cycle economic analysis of distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printers," Mechatronics 23, no. 6 (2013): pp. 713–726.
- The specific machine used for the study was a Prusa Mendel RepRap machine, with an estimated cost (for 2013) of approximately $575.
- To see the selection from which the researchers chose, go to <http://www.thingiverse.com/>
- The author takes pains to note that shipping costs, particularly for low-value items, often represent a substantial portion of total costs. Nonetheless, shipping costs have been excluded in the interest of conservatism in the results.
- In an effort to be conservative, the researchers also incorporate a 20 percent "print failure rate" to account for circumstances where an object needs to be recreated due to quality issues.
- The machine life is important because it determines the period over which the cost of the AM device itself must be amortized. In this case, the authors note that the expected machine life is much longer than three years, particularly in light of the fact that the RepRap is capable of printing out approximately 57 percent of its own replacement parts.


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I use a pioneer krp-500a with home media gallery onboard, & ps3 media server (you can compare the krp-500a almost with the ps3 capabilities).
If I have mkv with email@example.com profile, remux it manually with tsmuxer to a firstname.lastname@example.com profile, my tv plays just fine if I feed it through usb. This saves me time of re-encoding. Now I want to feed the mkv (unhandled) to ps3 mediaserver, and I want him to remux only using tsmuxer. the ps3 mediaserver refuses to use tsmuxer, since it has a 5.1 profile. But remuxing to 4.1 works fine in 90% of the cases. How can I force ps3mediaserver to do this?
kind regards

subset: commoncrawl


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Where are Woodstock stars today?
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Wonder what some of the stars of Woodstock are up to today, 46 years after the original festival? Lucky for you, we have the answer.
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Mark Hurlbert, the outgoing district attorney for four mountain counties, will take a job as the second-in-command of the Arapahoe and Douglas county district attorney's office.
Incoming 18th Judicial District Attorney George Brauchler said Friday that Hurlbert will serve as assistant district attorney, managing the administrative functions of the office and serving as the district attorney in Brauchler's absence.
Brauchler said he also wants Hurlbert to oversee a cold-case unit.
"He has a ton of expertise," Brauchler said. "He has a lot of energy. He's excited to come on board and see what changes we can make to make this the best district attorney's office in Colorado."
Hurlbert has served as the chief prosecutor in the 5th Judicial District - which covers Summit, Eagle, Lake and Clear Creek counties - for 10 years. He did not run for re-election this year because he is term-limited.
A Summit County native, Hurlbert has worked as a prosecutor in Colorado mountain towns for 18 years. He said he plans to move to the metro area for the new job, which starts Jan. 8. He said Brauchler's enthusiasm and dedication convinced him to take the job.
"It's not an easy thing to make that decision," Hurlbert said. "But after sitting down and talking with George, it became a very easy decision."
To read this article in its entirety, go to http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_22055127/outgoing-summit-county-da-mark-hurlbert-join-arapahoe?IADID=Search-www.denverpost.com-www.denverpost.com


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Paper Chase is a research database designed to offer abstracts of research articles published in journals that have a highly rated impact factor as determined by ISI Impact Factor and PageRank. Abstracts are organized by date, with the most recently published papers listed first.
Paper Chase
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News 12 at 6 o'clock / Thursday, Jan. 31, 2013
THOMSON, Ga. (WRDW) -- It's what firefighters consider their home away from home and now the fire station in Thomson is getting a makeover.
Out of more than 9,000 entries, the Thomson Fire Department on McCommons Street was chosen to win a firehouse makeover.
"I think each time you walk through that door it's gonna bring a smile to your face," said firefighter Ron Cody.
Cody has been with the Thomson Fire Department for five years. A few months ago, he applied to win the makeover and to his surprise, he won.
"It was amazing," he said. "I didn't think it was gonna be possible. Out of 9,000 entries, I'm number one? That's lucky."
The outside of the building may still look the same, but when you walk through the door, it's a whole different story.
"I can't believe it," said Cody, looking around the new firehouse. "It looks nice. It looks good."
It's a complete redesign of the inside of the station with more seating, an eating area, new TVs, washer-dryers and beds that are now big enough for the full-grown firefighters.
"It's a total transformation from what we had just a few weeks ago," said Fire Chief Rick Sewell.
It doesn't just look better, it's also better for training.
"The fire rescue TV has a lot of training information on there," Cody said. "A lot of scenarios with other stations around the United States."
On Thursday, they unveiled the changes and the mayor even came by to see what the new station had to offer.
For the first responders, their home away from home now really feels like home.
"We might be working 12 hours or 24 hours away from home, but we're still at home," Cody said.
Cody says winning the contest was pure luck, but to his chief, it's not. He says it's something these guys deserve.
"They give so much to the community every day; it's just great when somebody wants to give something back to them," Sewell said.
The contest was put on by California Casualty, an insurance company. Cody entered online, filling in his basic details and providing a short narrative of why they needed the $15,000 makeover.


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How it accomplishes this: by setting its sights so low that it actually breaks through the basement -- previously established by such masters as the brothers Farrelly and Wayans, Judd Apatow and Kevin Smith and enters a new, unexplored dimension of awfulness where bad is good and what some might call obscene and offensive is awesome. It also helps that it's as funny as [include your own unprintable,four-letter vulgarity here].
Structured as a movie pitch by a deranged screenwriter (Dennis Quaid)to an increasingly disturbed producer (Greg Kinnear), "Movie 43" opens with a bang, top-loading the almost shockingly star-studded film with two of its biggest gets: Kate Winslet and Hugh Jackman. The Oscar winner and her Oscar-nominated co-star play a couple on a blind date that goes horribly (yet hilariously) wrong when she discovers that he, despite being perfect in almost every other way, has a prominent sexual deformity. To say more would spoil the surprise. And, quite frankly, it wouldn't make my enthusiastic, almost unreserved recommendation of this film any more credible. On paper, the movie (which has multiple writers and directors, including Peter Farrelly) sounds dreadful. The onslaught of bathroom humor, racist and homophobic sight gags, and beyond-risque humor seems terrible. In fact, it is terrible.
Part of the almost surreal joke of the concept is that this script would never get made in the real(i.e., decent) world.
"Movie 43" is aided by a great, game cast, which includes such dramatic heavy hitters as Naomi Watts, Liev Schreiber, Emma Stone, Uma Thurman, Terrence Howard and Halle Berry, along with such comedy powerhouses as Stephen Merchant, Jason Sudeikis, Jack McBrayer and Anna Faris.
Is every skit a home run? No. But when "Movie 43" makes contact with the ball (and I mean that in every sense of the word), it hits it out of the park. "Movie 43" (90 minutes) is rated R for copious amounts of obscenity, nudity, sex, violence, scatological humor and other offenses against nature and decency.


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At a time when Apple is adding new workers almost as fast as it sells new iPhones and iPads, the pioneering computer maker has made a 98-acre land purchase that will roughly double the size of its home base in Cupertino.
Apple's latest acquisition is the longtime Cupertino campus of rival tech giant Hewlett-Packard, the Mercury News learned Wednesday. HP announced over the summer that it planned to move out of that site, which it had occupied for decades, as it consolidates operations at its Palo Alto headquarters over the next two years.
Analysts said the deal is a positive indicator for both Apple and the Silicon Valley economy overall.
It's no surprise the company needs more room: In the past year, Apple reported $65 billion in sales and added 12,300 employees, raising its global work force to 46,600, many of them in Cupertino.
"They've just had spectacular growth," said longtime Apple watcher Tim Bajarin, president of the consulting firm Creative Strategies. "They are one of the companies in the valley that are hiring, and the bottom line is they need the space."
Cupertino officials, who had been disappointed by HP's departure, said they were thrilled that Apple will now be the city's biggest landowner.
"We're very proud to have Apple's headquarters in our city. It's not just a company. It's the company," said Mayor Kris Wang, one of several officials who said they believe an expanded Apple operation could more than make up for the $1 million or so in annual tax revenue Cupertino now gets from HP and its employees.
The HP property is across the street -- Pruneridge Avenue, to be exact -- from a 50-acre site that Apple had previously acquired and announced as the location for a planned second campus, to augment its main headquarters at 1 Infinite Loop. City officials said the main headquarters is about 35 acres.
Apple and HP declined to give the sale price or any specifics of the transaction, which was reported to the Santa Clara County Recorder's Office on Nov. 16. Local real estate experts said HP's asking price may have been $300 million or more, but they also said the final amount may have been less because of the sluggish commercial real estate market.
HP announced the sale this week but refused to identify the buyer. An Apple spokesman confirmed his company purchased the land.
"We now occupy 57 buildings in Cupertino and our campus is bursting at the seams," said Apple's Steve Dowling. "These offices will give us more space for our employees as we continue to grow."
Even more than other tech companies, Bajarin said, Apple seems determined to grow close to home, in Cupertino. "They're spread over the world, and they do a lot of virtual meetings," he said. "But there's no substitute, especially when you're dealing with engineering and key technical designs, for having people close by."
Cupertino has been Apple's home base for more than 30 years, since co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak moved their business there in 1977, about a year after they started in Jobs' parents' garage in nearby Los Altos.
Jobs, who went to Cupertino Junior High School and Homestead High School, has expressed loyalty to the suburban city. In a rare, unannounced appearance before the Cupertino City Council in 2006, Jobs said the company had considered other cities with lower land costs when Apple first began thinking about building a second campus.
"But after looking at a lot of things, we found something in Cupertino that was a possibility," Jobs told the council in April 2006. "It was more expensive, a lot more expensive than we could get elsewhere, but it was something where we could stay in the area that we like the best."
Jobs was referring then to the 50-acre site south of Pruneridge Avenue, between Tantau Avenue and Interstate 280, about a mile from Apple's main campus. The new purchase from HP is immediately adjacent, on the north side of Pruneridge. Apple also owns and leases other building space in various parts of town.
Details of the company's long-term plans could not be learned. Apple has already set up shop in some of the existing buildings on the 50 acres it acquired in 2006, but city officials said the company has not yet presented formal plans for what many believed would be a set of new buildings on that property.
Wang and other city officials said they also have not yet heard what Apple intends to do with its latest purchase, or the aging buildings that are currently on the HP site. Dowling, the Apple spokesman, said he had no specific information.
The HP site has housed parts of that company's personal computer division as well as some of its commercial software and hardware units. It's also home to a high-tech "briefing center" where HP holds meetings and shows off products to corporate clients.
HP plans to transfer several thousand workers from Cupertino to Palo Alto over the next two years, as part of a consolidation that also involves upgrades to its main headquarters.
Mercury News staff writer John Boudreau contributed to this report. Contact Brandon Bailey at 408-920-5022. Follow him at Twitter.com/BrandonBailey.


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It would be awesome if the media server could scrobble songs played over through the server to the last.fm application. There are already a bunch of plugins for various media players, I suppose it wouldn't be too much of a stretch to adapt their methods to the PS3MS.
Thanks for looking.


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Browsers are 'more than just a pretty face' – a new look at client-side performance tuning
By Kem Butller-Oracle on Aug 16, 2011
By Chris Papineau, JD Edwards Senior Principal Engineer
I recently discovered what appears to be an excellent tool for collecting browser metrics while researching methods of JD Edwards performance analysis for the "client side". By "client side", of course, we no longer mean the "fat client", but rather the so-called "thin client" or web-browser. Current JD Edwards trending methodologies do not measure any browser side metrics; they merely blast html traffic at a JAS server and measure the response times.
This, however, leaves an opportunity in the "thin client" part of the JD Edwards ecosystem. The browser includes the following very significant items which are arguably the cause of performance challenges just as often as server-side items.
1. Number of server roundtrips
2. Payload (size of data)
3. JScript runtimes
4. Network latency
5. Browser renderings
6. DOM related measurements
We can no longer think of the browser as merely some sort of "façade to a western town" which doesn't do anything except look pretty. We cannot simply focus on the server side of interactive transactions, under the dated assumption that business functions are where the time is really spent, and the user interface layer is insignificant.
"Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain"
In any case – the tool in question is called dynaTrace, and appears to be a one-stop shopping for answering the fundamental performance question on the web browser side: "Where is the code spending its time?" It is freeware, works on both IE and Firefox, is easy to use and install, has a very intuitive interface, and appears to provide data for all six critical performance metrics cited above. The premium version, which is available for a fee, is even capable of "Comparing Different Test Runs" per the claims on their website.
This appears to be right in the wheelhouse of what we need for client-side performance trending efforts. I will keep readers of this blog up to date on further developments. It may be a significant difference maker not only for client-side trending, but in our ability to resolve challenging performance problems more efficiently. Stay tuned…..


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Black/White/Blue Glow/Pink Flash
- Glide Your Way To The Goal!
- Currently Unavailable
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UPPER: Teijin synthetic leather upper gives a great feel on the ball. Contoured speed last mirrors the shape of the foot.
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WEIGHT: 8.2 oz.
Lamentamos que todavia no hay descripción en español para este producto.


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Location: Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research
Project Number: 2040-21000-015-22
Start Date: Aug 24, 2012
End Date: Aug 23, 2017
Hamakua and other parts of Hawaii Island produce a range of feedstocks that could be potential sources for biofuel production. Many of them are food crops, such as papaya and sweet potato, for which the waste stream (as culled fruits, parts of the plant) could be an inexpensive and excellent source for production of biofuel. Others may be trees or plants which could be used for biofuel production, while still others may be grown to produce an inexpensive source of feedstock (such as sweet sorghum on very marginal land) that would be used specifically for biofuel. All of these crops could ensure a sustainable, available and efficient supply of biomass which will serve as the beginning point for all conversion technologies. The proposed research falls under our broad "zero waste" approach to simultaneously make agriculture in Hawaii more profitable and address food and energy security issues. While the available feedstock sources may be useful and plentiful, cost-effective technologies need to be deployed to produce biofuels. In this proposal, we will focus on the development of biodiesel or derivatives, and not alcohol. Using a systematic approach, a range of potential feedstocks will be analyzed to determine the qualitative and quantitative components (such as sugars, oils, cellulose content) that could be converted to biofuels. One specific approach that the investigators plan to focus on will be the use of heterotrophic algae for converting waste material from food crops to biodiesel. We have made significant progress in using papaya as a feedstock for algae and we will optimize growth conditions of the algae for increasing the fatty acid production and analyze the economics of the process. We are currently trying to determine how to go from robust algae growth, as indicated by an increase in biomass and the presence of replicating cells, to limited cell replication and increased lipid production. We will also look at the potential for sweet potato and sweet sorghum as feedstock using a similar approach as we used for papaya. Since Hawaii Island has a vast array of agricultural and nonagricultural plants that could be used in our 'zero waste' concept, additional conversion approaches will also be utilized for crops that are not amenable to heterotrophic algae. Anaerobic digesters are ideal for utilizing these waste streams because the output of this process results in production of energy, fertilizer, and value added products. Our ultimate goal is to adapt the process so it is scalable for Hawaii farm systems. We will focus on identifying feedstocks and on optimizing conditions for selected microbes to efficiently digest feedstock combinations under anaerobic conditions. Some of the possible feedstocks available are wastes from papaya, sweet potato, guava and other fruits (lychee, longan, mango, etc.), and albizia (Falcatatia moluccana), a fast growing invasive legume tree/weed that has infested an estimated 100,000 acres in East Hawaii Island. Two anaerobic digesters are slated to be constructed on Hawaii Island, one in Waimea the other in Hilo. Thus, our research could have an immediate impact. (Formerly 5320-21000-014-05S).


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A chiefly send-off
Henrico Fire Chief Edwin Smith retired Sept. 14 and received a surprise send-off from Henrico firefighters and county officials on his last day. Smith was greeted in the parking lot of the county's Public Safety building by several fire trucks, a ladder truck with an American flag flying and numerous members of the division, which he led for the past five years.
Smith spent 38 years with the division, beginning in May 1974 as a firefighter. He served in every suppression position as a firefighter and officer and advanced to serve as an inspector, investigator and later commander of the Fire Prevention section. A promotion to battalion chief and later chief of training for the division preceded his appointment to chief Aug. 18, 2007.
Smith is an active member of the International Association of Fire Chiefs, International Association of Black Professional Fire Fighters, Virginia Fire Chiefs Association and Central Virginia Fire and Arson Association. In 2010, he was appointed by Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell to the Virginia Fire Services Board.
Free children's clothing for those in need
The Children's Clothing Closet at Highland Springs United Methodist Church will be open Saturday, Aug. 27 and Tuesday, Aug. 30 to provide free new or nearly new children's clothing for families in need, prior to the start of the school year. The Clothing Closet will be open from 10 a.m. to noon both days. The church is located at 22 North Holly Avenue. > Read more.
Local choral group seeks volunteers
Citizen Staff Reports 07/18/2016
Good Vibrations choral group is looking for all voices with some musical experience to sing with the volunteer choir. The season runs from August to November. Genre includes patriotic and inspirational. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
It's a great weekend to get outside! The Pocahontas Chapter of the Virginia Native Plant Society is offering two events this weekend. Accompany the group to find and document native plants present and blooming in Echo Lake Park on Saturday or take a "Sunday Stroll" at Dorey Park to observe the seasonal changes taking place. Other outdoor events this weekend include the final summer concert at West Broad Village and "Fridays on the Patio" at James River Cellars Winery in Glen Allen. If you're going to be outside, don't forget the insect repellent! To learn more about avoiding those pesky mosquitos, check out Henrico County's "Fight-the-Bite TODAY" event tomorrow. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Business in brief
Holton campaigns for Clinton, Kaine in Henrico
Main Street Group names new VP
National Parenting Center issues Fall Seal of Approval report
Henrico man dies in Dinwiddie crash
- More News
Print Edition
Aug. 18, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
Restaurant Watch
Cultural Arts Center announces 2016 fall class schedule
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
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Obituary – Dora Burnett Bowles
Obituary – Phyllis Dinwiddie Hobbs
Obituary – Jerry Lee Carper
- More Obituaries
Free children's clothing for those in need
Local choral group seeks volunteers
County plans Fourth of July event
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Storm woes for e-junkies
'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
- More Opinions
RIR to admit children 12 and younger free next year
Henrico teams win district, state championships
Varina HS to host Basketball Skill Development Academy June 20-23
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CalendarWillie Nelson will perform at Innsbrook After Hours Sept. 15, with guest Aaron Lewis, concert series officials announced Aug. 4. Tickets will go on sale Aug. 10, with $20 early-bird… Full text


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John Muir Wilderness > Mount Williamson > Climber's Log
Mount Williamson Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
|george george
Date Climbed: Oct 31, 1998
|I made the summit with Chris Kobyashi on my second sweat up george creek. I remember fleas and ticks covering my arms and crawling out of my pockets both times at both creek crossings. The crux of the biscuit, by far. The blood suckers were hibernating,or on downers, and hangign out on the branches that canopied the small criks.
what i thought was a single deer track on the side of a 30% sand slope turned out to be the trail.
Great views, but the bump of a summit was anti-climactic compared to george creek. i know two people, in great shape that day climbed the creek- recommended.
Be mindful of the bighorn sheep restrictions and do not go up in the fall. We couldn't find the register anyway.
|Posted Jan 4, 2007 4:33 am
|Perfect combo
Date Climbed: Aug 20, 2006
|Tried Tyndall and Williamson in the same trip, didn't time it right, only got to the summit of Tyndall. Failure reminds just makes the challange real.
|Posted Oct 25, 2006 6:01 pm
|West face chute from Shepherd Pass
Date Climbed: Jul 3, 2006
|Best view in the Sierra! The Williamson Bowl is gorgeous and the view from the summit, spectacular! (Has anyone EVER seen a Bighorn Sheep here? Or are they all in hiding until July 15th?)
|Posted Jul 29, 2006 10:32 pm
|West Face
Date Climbed: Jul 15, 2006
|Fun Scrambling over the Black Spot and up the Chimney/Crack, with gorgeous views from the summit. Ax/crampons not needed.
|Posted Jul 17, 2006 12:04 am
|West Face - Chute
Date Climbed: Jun 22, 2006
|Fun Climb, It was a long day from Shepard's Pass and back. Great weather all day. Seven snow fields to cross in Williamson Bowl and snow in the chute. The summit register was in a tortilla bag with no pen.
|Posted Jun 30, 2006 12:06 am
|Matt Worster
|West Face from Shepherd Pass
Date Climbed: Jun 25, 2006
|Good climb, no where near as bad as others have made it out to be. Follow Secor's route across the bowl, and it goes by easy and fast (a little snow helps smooth things out). Stuck to one side of the chute or the other, and enjoyed the scramble! Added Tyndall the same day.
|Posted Jun 27, 2006 3:31 pm
|from shepherd pass
Date Climbed: Jun 19, 2005
|heavy snow made the climb somewhat easier, but it's still a tough climb.
|Posted Jun 21, 2006 11:54 pm
|Augie Medina
|Mt. Williamson Route Climbed: West Face Date Climbed: June 4, 2006
|Our group of 5 did the West Face Route from Anvil Camp. Lots of snow everywhere above Anvil Camp. The big chute of the West Face Route was full of snow and we took the rocks on the right side in ascending. The 3d Class chimney above the wide chute was fun. We descended the chute by plunge-stepping in the snow. It's a long day doing Williamson from Anvil Camp!
|Posted Jun 9, 2006 12:35 am
|West Face
Date Climbed: Jun 4, 2006
|The west face (or tourist route as the NE ridge marmots would say). A mental and physical challenge. I would not call it easy. A lot of fun too. SPS trip. Great lead, Alex.
|Posted Jun 6, 2006 10:08 pm
|3 winter ascents on skis
Date Climbed: Mar 1, 1989
|I skied the George Creek 3 times in the 80s. First with George Ivy, later with Andy Fried, Miguel Carmona and Corrado DiFrancesco and the third time with Miguel Carmona. The objective was to ski from the Williamson summit all the way down to the flat ground of lower George Creek. The ski run must be the longest in California and is worth every tired step. The impulse for these trips was 1960s-70s (?) Summit Magazine article by G.Rowell describing George Creek ski descent as one of the North America's longest backcountry ski runs.
|Posted May 17, 2006 5:01 pm
|Mountain Jim
|West Ridge
Date Climbed: Jun 24, 1979
|Of the California 14er's I've done this is my least favorite. Lots of loose rock ... maybe I just wasn't in the mood that day.
|Posted Mar 4, 2006 5:08 am
|Route Climbed: West Face Date Climbed: Jul-9-05
|Took about 17.5 hrs to do this long day hike/climb (7/9/05). Beautiful day with nice firm snow to cover all the scree in the West Face gully.
Day hiked both Big Willy and Tyndall on a long day (7/15/06)
Day hiked Williamson on 7/15/08
|Posted Nov 25, 2005 3:34 pm
|Route Climbed: n.face
|with Craig Sanford and descent of s.w ridge and unplaned bivi in george creek basin.
|Posted Oct 17, 2005 5:48 pm
|Route Climbed: NE Ridge Date Climbed: July 2-3, 2005
|Climbed the route with Scott and Pavel. Sections of this ridge seem to be more like class 5 than 4. We used a rope only for a couple of short rappels. A lot of exposed climbing required being constantly focused and careful about every move. Climbing it in a day would require an extra ordinary fitness level. Kudos to ScottyS for an excellent route description!
|Posted Aug 22, 2005 2:23 am
|Route Climbed: West Face Date Climbed: July 3, 2005
|Rick and I left Anvil Camp in the morning and headed up to Shepherd Pass. From the pass, I headed toward Williamson Bowl while Rick started off on his own agenda for another one of his death marches.
The bowl was no big deal - much easier (and less tedious) than I'd expected...maybe an hour and twenty across it.
Not bringing much in the way of a route description, I got hung up at the base of the west face, not sure which chute to ascend. With a little help from Rick in the form of radio contact while he was on the summit of Tyndall, I finally got into the correct chute (the other one turned out to be the Bolton Brown chute). Seeing a figure coming up below, I realized that it was my friend Luba and decided to wait for her to catch up. Having no idea the other was going to be there, we decided to pair up and head for the summit together. We hit the summit awhile later.
As we were descending the chimney, we bumped into Eric. A short time later, we also ran into some maniac dayhiking the peak. I later found out the maniac was Kalet.
Good time. Perfect weather. Talked to some cool people.
|Posted Jul 9, 2005 11:08 am
|Route Climbed: West Face Date Climbed: July 3rd, 2005
|Hauled the gear up from Anvil camp to the Pass, then at 9am took off for the summit of Williamson. Williamson Bowl is definately a killer, especially with a bit of soft slushy snow impeding progress. Made the summit a little after 12 and then back to the pass where I camped out. Crampons and axe were very useful i the chute, and pretty much everyone had them. About 50% snow coverage in the bowl.
|Posted Jul 7, 2005 12:28 pm
|Brian Kalet
|Route Climbed: West Face Date Climbed: July 3, 2005
|Dayhike form Shepherd's Pass Trailhead.
|Posted Jul 6, 2005 5:23 pm
|Route Climbed: NE Ridge Date Climbed: July 2 and 3, 2005
|Very hard (mentally) and committing route. Climbed with Kris and Scott - great job!
|Posted Jul 6, 2005 2:03 am
|Scott Pierce
|Route Climbed: Northeast Ridge Date Climbed: July 2-3, 2005
|With Kris and Pavel. Secor got this one right: "...one hell of a hard climb."
|Posted Jul 5, 2005 12:44 am
|Route Climbed: NE ridge Date Climbed: June 26, 2005
|This route is for machines only. I am pretty good shape myself and got seriously owned. Climbed with poorboy44 - not only did he have bronchitis during our ascent (probably the first ascent of Williamson with bronchitis, even more amazing was it was the NE ridge noless) but I was trailing him the whole way. This route has many sections of class 4/5 with serious exposure. My highlight was climbing into a little "bind" which I could not back-climb out of. poorboy44 was 200 ft above me and not about to come down and help me out. I was above a snow chute by about 40 feet. I dropped my pack (which fell ~300 ft down the chute), down climbed 10-15 feet, and then took a leap of faith down into the snow chute. It was the most air I have ever gotten in my life. Anyway, climbed and signed the West horn and then the East horn before making the summit. Great climb and ready to go back to get Tyndall. hat's off to the two men who did this route as a day trip - true machines if I ever heard of any.
|Posted Jun 27, 2005 6:14 pm


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Rand Paul Wins CPAC Straw Poll
Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul won the straw poll at the Conservative Political Action Conference on Saturday for the second consecutive year.
The freshman senator practically inherited the mantle from his father, former Texas Rep. Ron Paul, a godfather of the tea party movement who won the poll in 2010 and 2011. When the elder Paul didn't attend in 2012, Mitt Romney won first place, shortly before he secured the GOP nomination.
The younger Paul was expected to win the straw poll after delivering a barnburner of a speech on Friday bashing President Barack Obama for infringing on civil liberties. Mr. Paul hasn't been coy about his potential interest in running for president in 2016 and made a number of visits to early early-primary states. In recent weeks he has invoked the scandals of the Clinton administration to try to tarnish his potential Democratic rival, Hillary Clinton. Those attacks have drawn criticism from some fellow Republicans, including former presidential candidate Mike Huckabee after his speech at the conference.
Mr. Paul got 31% of the CPAC vote, followed by Texas Sen. Ted Cruz with 11%, motivational speaker Ben Carson with 9%, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie with 8%, and former Sen. Rick Santorum and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker with 7%.
Mr. Paul's victory reflects his popularity with young voters. Forty-six percent of the 2,459 voters in the poll were under 25 years old. A large majority said their top concern was promoting individual freedom and slightly more than half said it's time for U.S. allies to provide for their own defense.
Video: CPAC Attendees Pick Their Top 2016 candidates
* * *
Rand Paul Blasts Obama on Civil Liberties
Jerry Seib: Chris Christie Makes Waves at CPAC (Video)
Huckabee Warns GOP: Don't Reheat Clinton-Era Scandals
Rick Perry Calls for Rebellion on 'Battlefield of Ideas'
Gov. Christie: Set Sights on Defeating Democrats
Paul Ryan Sees Vibrant Debate, Not Divided Party
Cruz Kicks Off CPAC Defending Ideological Purity
CPAC 2014 Schedule Features Ted Cruz, Chris Christie
Correction: Former Rep. Ron Paul was incorrectly identified as a former senator in the initial version of this article.


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- Currently Unavailable
Accurately measures temperature, humidity, heat index, and dew point. Measures up to 10 hours in 1/100 second accuracy. 30 dual split recallable memory. Pre-set countdown time with auto repeat function. Displays time, calendar, and alarm. LED backlight. Solar powered with backup lithium battery. Water resistant. Includes lanyard.


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4th of July parade canceled in Hendersonville
Published: Friday, June 20, 2014 at 6:42 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, June 20, 2014 at 6:42 p.m.
The Hendersonville Merchants and Business Association has decided to cancel the city's Fourth of July parade this year due to low participation. The group opened a call for entries on Monday, but after only receiving "a handful" of sign-ups, they called it off.
The association is encouraging people to instead participate in Henderson County Travel and Tourism's Fourth of July celebration with Music on Main at the Hendersonville Visitor's Center. Veterans will be recognized and honored at the show starting at 7 p.m. in the Visitor's Center parking lot.
This year would have marked the seventh Fourth of July parade in the city since 2006. Last year, the procession was canceled at the last minute because of inclement weather.
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Sage Francis wrote: No, sir. Just the shows that are lister. I'll be attending Prolyphic's wedding just before I fly out for the Reading show. And then we fly home to B's wedding after Bestival. It's gonna be a crazy September. To put it mildly. Ha
Sage Francis wrote: I am playing the Swampshack, early evening. That's all I've been told. Still waiting on final details.
In other news, a new show has been added to my schedule:
SEP 22 - OLYMPIA, WA - Headlining theKAOS Block Party (more info to come)
Sage Francis wrote: Yes, B will be doing the spoken word thing that Pip is running at the Amphitheater on Saturday. B's set for that is from 13:50 - 14:20


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NEW ORLEANS -- Baltimore Ravens coach John Harbaugh got his start in the NFL as a special teams coordinator. Little did he know, that job prepared him for what lay ahead.
"That was a great training ground to do the job that I'm doing right now," Harbaugh said. "It's been a big plus."
Harbaugh served as the Philadelphia Eagles' special teams coordinator from 1998-2006 before switching to the secondary coach position in 2007 and then joining the Ravens as their head coach in 2008.
During his nine seasons as the Eagles' special teams coordinator, Harbaugh said, he learned how to deal with many types of personalities, players from every position group and the media.
That proved invaluable, as he later learned, when the Ravens hired him to be their coach.
"It's a great place to start as a coach," Harbaugh said of special teams. "It's a great place to be. You have an opportunity to work with every single player on the team."
That job also taught Harbaugh how to gauge the pulse of the team, something that came in handy late this season when he fired offensive coordinator Cam Cameron.
In many ways, such a radical move parallels 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh replacing longtime starting quarterback Alex Smith with second-year player Colin Kaepernick nine games into the season, when the 49ers were 6-2-1.
It's about finding ways to get even better than you are. With that in mind, John Harbaugh felt as if Jim Caldwell was a better option than Cameron.
"You're always trying to build," Harbaugh said. "It goes back to that word. You're trying to become as good as you can be. We had built something over a course of a long period of time and we were where we were.
"It became kind of obvious and apparent that we needed to shake things up a little bit and go down a little bit of a different road to get to where we needed to go. We needed to change the chemistry and the dynamic a little bit. We did that, and it worked out for us."
Under Caldwell, the Ravens offense is more balanced in terms of how often it runs the ball and passes.


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Dothan City Schools passes one to one initiative by a 4-2 vote. We'll have more information on News 4 at 10 tonight.
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Bill Forrest, a Colorado climbing legend who also made notable innovations in mountaineering equipment, died Dec. 21 while snowshoeing near Monarch Pass. He was 73.
A Salida resident who summited peaks and put up new climbing routes around the world, Forrest was remembered by friends as an indomitable spirit in the mountains who was also generous with advice to novices in his sport.
"He was the best climber that I ever teamed up with," said Kris Walker, who in 1972 partnered with Forrest for the first ascent of the treacherous Painted Wall in the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River. The 2,500-foot climb on sheer granite took nine days. "No matter how difficult or improbable the obstacle, he never quit. That word was not part of his vocabulary.
"Bill was the only climbing partner I had that could stand by that achievement," said Walker, who lives in Bow, Wash.
In an April interview with The Denver Post, Forrest said at times he was "nearly petrified" by his sport's risks. But he loved the challenge of pioneering routes; his 1970 climb on Longs Peak's east face was the first solo ascent of the Diamond.
"I owned one guidebook, but didn't like reading it," he said. "I liked to scout my own routes."
To read this article in its entirety, go to http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_22269229/climbing-legend-bill-forrest-dies-snowshoeing-near-monarch?IADID=Search-www.denverpost.com-www.denverpost.com


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Local agencies from the Sheriff's Department to the Air National Guard were on hand Wednesday morning at the Lauderdale County Emergency Management Agency to share ideas and also establish working relationships.
David Sharp, LEMA director, tells us, "If I need somebody from the Navy base or the Guard base or the city of Meridian, I've got a contact person that I already got a dialogue with. I've got their phone numbers. When I call and say, 'Hey, It's David with LEMA. I need this or I need that,' they know who they're talking to."
One agency also at the table was the National Weather Service from Jackson. As fall approaches, the weather service will be more involved on the local level throughout the state.
Alan Gerard, the meteorologist-in-charge at the Jackson office, says, "One of the things we'll be doing is working with emergency managers like here in Lauderdale County, east central Mississippi, to have a severe weather preparedness day in late October to just kinda remind everybody that November and December and all the winter months can be dangerous from a severe weather perspective."
With the ever growing social media presence of Facebook and Twitter, the Jackson office has made it easier for the general public to share what they are seeing with them.
"We also have some software that we developed back in the office where we can monitor tweets, so even if people aren't necessarily tweeting directly to us, if they're tweeting about flooding or seeing hail, or wind, or that kind of thing, we're kinda mining that information to even have better awareness of what's going on in our local communities," says Gerard.
To follow NWS Jackson's tweets, or to send them storm information via Twitter, use the link below this article.