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Progressives Pressure Pelosi on Fast Track
Progressive groups are publicly pushing House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi to oppose granting fast-track trade powers to President Barack Obama, following Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid's statement this week that he wouldn't back the administration on the issue.
A group founded by former Vermont Gov. Howard Dean says in 12 hours it gathered nearly 30,000 electronic signatures for its petition asking Ms. Pelosi (D., Calif.) to voice opposition to the trade legislation. Another progressive group, known as Credo Action, said it has 53,117 electronic signatures since its own similar petition launched Thursday.
Mr. Reid, a Nevada Democrat, on Wednesday said he opposed the so-called fast track bill introduced this month, in comments coming just hours after President Obama backed the measure in his State of the Union address Tuesday night.
The Senate leader's blunt rejection of fast track, also known as trade promotion authority, dealt a blow to the administration's efforts to conclude negotiations on a major Asia-Pacific trade agreement, as well as early-stage negotiations with the European Union.
Fast track legislation would give presidential administrations the ability to clinch overseas trade agreements, with Congress only getting a yes-or-no vote at the end, with no opportunity to amend the deal or put up procedural hurdles. Backers of trade agreements say fast track is necessary to get major deals approved on Capitol Hill and reassure negotiating partners.
Former trade officials say Mr. Reid's comments hurt the chances any fast-track legislation will reach the floor of the Senate before the November congressional elections.
Now opponents of the legislation and the Asia-Pacific trade talks are setting their sights on Ms. Pelosi.
"If Leader Pelosi uses her power and influence to encourage other Democrats to take a stand opposing fast track, that alone could put the last nail in the coffin," according to the Credo Action petition.
A spokesman for Mr. Dean's group, Democracy for America, says members are frustrated with Congress in general but still want lawmakers to play a bigger role in trade negotiations, something they think would be difficult under the current fast-track bill. The group is worried about extending corporations' intellectual property rights and patent protections through the Asia-Pacific agreement, known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, as well as the environment and other issues, the spokesman said.
The Credo Action petition calls the TPP a "secret corporate power grab disguised as a 'trade' agreement."


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I want to learn CSS but I need video tutorial. Where can I get the video?
Did you try here?
"Please give us a simple answer, so that we don't have to think, because if we think, we might find answers that don't fit the way we want the world to be."
~ Terry Pratchett in Nation
How to Ask Questions the Smart Way (not affiliated with this site, but well worth reading)
I learn from Youtube and google ^^*
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PARKERSBURG - Up to 10 years in prison was the sentence handed down Wednesday in Wood County Circuit Court for a former treasurer of a volunteer fire department.
Shaun David Wilson, 34, 343 Mineral Manor Way, Parkersburg, pleaded guilty to a felony bill of information charging him with embezzlement in December and was sentenced by Judge J.D. Beane to one to 10 years in prison. As part of his sentence he will pay restitution.
According to court records, Wilson took $50,000 from the Eastwood Volunteer Fire Department between January 2008 and February 2012. Records state Wilson was appointed to the post in October 2007 and in January 2008 he began to take funds from the department's treasury to cover gambling.
During that time he used a Community Bank card and wrote checks to himself, according to the charges. He was a member of the fire department for 10 years.
Wilson will be eligible for parole in one year.
Eastwood VFD assistant chief Kenneth Moore said the department faced financial difficulties but is recovering.
"It left us in a bad financial situation," he said. "With community support we are now in a position where we don't have to worry about how to pay our bills and we can take care of some projects we had to put on hold because there was no money."
Moore said the department would not have survived without community support.
"It all has to do with the community; they really came through for us to get us back on our feet and stay that way," he said. "It was a blessing in disguise because it got the community involved with the department."
In another sentencing, Mitchell Dewayne Sprouse, 54, in custody, was sentenced after his guilty plea to a charge of soliciting a minor by way of computer. Beane sentenced him to two to 10 years in prison with credit for 10 days served and he will be required to register as a sex offender for 20 years after his release.


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About the Book
"Intensely moving. [An] exceptional novel."
—Boston Globe<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
A poignant and magical story set in eighteenth-century England, The Elephant Keeper by Christopher Nicholson is the tale of two baby elephants and the young man who accidentally finds himself their guardian. Every reader who was enchanted by Sara Gruen's Water for Elephants or enthralled by When Elephants Weep will adore Nicholson's The Elephant Keeper—a masterful blending of historical novel, coming-of-age tale, animal adventure, and love story.
England, 1766: After a long voyage from the East Indies, a ship docks in Bristol, England, and rumor quickly spreads about its unusual cargo. In the final two crates is a pair of young elephants, in poor health but alive.
Seeing a unique opportunity, a wealthy sugar merchant purchases the elephants for his country estate and turns their care over to a young stable boy, Tom Page. It takes time for Tom and the elephants to understand each other, but to the surprise of everyone on the estate, a remarkable bond is formed.
The Elephant Keeper is a captivating tale of love and loyalty between one man and the two exotic animals that change the lives of everyone who encounters them.
Educator and Librarian Resources
Critical Praise
"Nicholson's light touch and sly humor ensures that the animal-human dialogue is entirely natural and intensely moving. (An) exceptional novel." — Boston Globe
"A sensitive boy suddenly becomes groom to Timothy and Jenny, the first pair of young elephants brought into England in the 1700s. This informative, engaging and moving book has clear insight into the impact of poverty, alienation and isolation that is as relevant today as it was then." — San Francisco Chronicle Book Review
"An extended meditation on human needs and how our choices shape a better or lesser existance. [A] poignant, heartfelt novel." — St. Louis Post-Dispatch
"While deftly portraying 18th century village and estate life as well as the dark, fog-bound streets of London, The Elephant Keeper examines themes such as human choice, fate and the cruel British class system." — Minneapolis Star Tribune
"This elegant story is not just for animal lovers. In it, readers see how the bonds of friendship go beyond time, age or species. Definitely one to put on your "to read" list." — Deseret Morning News
"An endearing account of a virtually telepathic relationship between man and animal." — Booklist
"[Nicholson's] lush new novel of the late 18th century…Jenny is a magnificent character…She gives the book its weight, in every sense…the sheer richness of the story's texture. The Elephant Keeper evokes 18th-century village and estate life beautifully, and is stuffed with fascinating data from medical and veterinary history." — The Independent (UK)
"Endearing...Like the elephant at its centre, Nicholson's book is gentle, profound and sweet-natured." — The Guardian
"Christopher Nicholson traces the arc of Tom and Jenny's surprising journey with delicate empathy. He confronts sex, violence and power, but he does not shy away from less dramatic themes, such as gentleness and companionship, which help to make The Elephant Keeper such a rewarding book." — Times Literary Supplement (London)
"A captivatingly original novel…This is a wonderful feat of story-telling, remarkable for its ability to wrench your heart without resorting to easy sentimentality." — Daily Mail (London)
"A pleasingly ambling tale." — Financial Times
"[A] remarkable debut. An unforgettable picture of an elephant/human relationship so close that, as the elephant learns to think like a human, she teaches her human to think like an elephant. This is one of the best books of the year." — BookPage
"THE ELEPHANT KEEPER is a strange tour of late 18th-century England, a natural history of elephants and the story of a most unusual friendship, all told with a touch of the otherworldly elegance and wit of Babar." — Washington Post
Product Details
- Imprint: William Morrow Paperbacks
- On Sale: 06/22/2010
- Trimsize: 5.313 in (w) x 8 in (h) x 0.721 in (d)
- Pages: 320
- List Price: 14.99 USD
- BISAC1: FICTION / General


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We thought we would take a look back at the thesis in that article, now that the period for short term capital gains tax has passed and examine how the issues performed against one another, but also against the benchmark S & P 500 (Alpha).
Much fuss was made this week over China's proposed tariffs on American Chicken. At first glance, the situation is grave; 50-100% premium on imports of chicken from the US. However, upon closer examination there are two other important data points to consider:a) the Chinese have a particular interest in parts of the chicken that we typically discard (namely the feet and the wings) and are virtually worthless in the US market and b) Russia announced that they would be allowing exports of chicken from the United States into Russia after a nearly one year ban.


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Late last year, the managers of the Western Community Action thrift store in downtown Redwood Falls learned they had to find new quarters since the building they were renting had been sold. "We had to look for a new location, and finding one with storage was a real problem," said Lori Lerohl, of Western Community Action. "We looked at 21 different buildings all over Redwood Falls before we chose this one." As long as the store was moving to a new location, the managers decided it was time for a new name. The business is now called "Bridge Street Bargains". "We're a shop now, not a store. We've moved up!" Landgraff joked. Volunteer Judy Landgraff said, "As you can see, it's a bit smaller, so we've had to get more creative with space." Moving all the items in storage took almost a month, and the new shop opened for business on Saturday, May 3. "Our first week, we had a lot of good comments," said Landgraff. "We had to put everything out on the shelves, and it was going immediately. No kidding — we'd put a shirt out on a rack, and 30 seconds later someone would snatch it up." "We need to be more selective about donations," said Landgraff. "We can only accept them during store hours now. People used to leave donations outside our old store, but I think here on the highway people can't leave stuff outside." As before, the shop is staffed by volunteers, and any profits are used to support the homeless programs of Western Community Action, "which helps keep a case manager in our Redwood Falls office," said Lerohl. The managers are hoping that with its more visible location on the highway, the thrift shop will get more customers stopping by. With that in mind, the thrift shop has new, expanded hours. "We're open Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday from 9 a.m. through 4 p.m., and Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m." said Lerohl. For more information, to make donations, or volunteer, call Margaret Palan at 507-537-1416, ext. 2116.
Location, ST | website.com


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BERKELEY -- Points tended to come in threes for Cal's Brittany Boyd on Friday night, and at clutch times, too.
The junior guard finished with a season-high 25 points in propelling the Golden Bears to a 72-63 victory over Oregon State in the teams' Pac-12 Conference opener before 1,643 fans at Haas Pavilion. When Boyd wasn't doubling her number of 3-pointers made this season from three to six, she was repeatedly converting free throws after making shots while getting fouled in the lane -- typically at moments when Cal needed crucial points.
"Getting her shooting percentage up has been a process," Cal coach Lindsay Gottlieb said. "She shot 3 for 23 at UConn, and her confidence was down. I told her that not a lot of players can get that many shots off against UConn -- not many players can maintain that kind of pace.
"Starting with (our game against) Lafayette, we set a goal of shooting 50 (percent) every game, and tonight she shot over 50 percent."
It helped that Boyd (9-for-15 shooting) had a game-high seven steals for Cal (9-3).
"I began the game 1-for-something," Boyd said. "My shots were not falling. But my offense tends to flow from my defense, and once I picked up my defense things started happening."
Boyd's team-best three 3-pointers were something of a surprise, as she entered the game 3 for 30 from behind the arc. She was 3 for 4 on Friday.
"A kid who was shooting 10 percent on 3-pointers going into the game ended up scoring 25 on us," Oregon State coach Scott Rueck said. "She single-handedly took over down the stretch when it was winning time, and that's what good players do."
Boyd was one of four Bears to score in double figures. Junior forward Reshanda Gray had 14 points, senior guard Afure Jemerigbe added 12, and freshman Courtney Range finished with 10.
Sophomore guard Jamie Weisner led Oregon State (8-5) with 22 points and 11 rebounds.
After hitting Cal's only 3-pointer of the first half to help give the Bears a 30-25 lead at the break, Boyd widened the Bears' lead to eight early in the second half. Moments after burying a 3 from the corner with 17:26 to play, Boyd stole the ball from Weisner at midcourt, dribbled behind her back and raced in for a layup, making the score 35-27.
Oregon State eventually fought back to tie the score at 38, but Range scored off an offensive rebound to put Cal back in front. After that, it was a nip-and-tuck contest until Boyd converted a 3-point play with 5:42 remaining, tying the game at 48.
Range sank two free throws with 5:11 left to put the Bears ahead to stay. Those free throws ignited a 16-7 run that swung the game decidedly in Cal's favor. The Bears had a 64-55 advantage entering the final minute.
Cal led at halftime despite struggling to stop Oregon State from the outside early on. Fifteen of the Beavers' first 21 points came on 3-pointers.
The Bears limited the Beavers to just two more treys the rest of the way, however.
Sunday's game
Oregon (9-3, 0-1 Pac-12) at Cal (9-3, 1-0), noon, Pac-12 Network


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The Immigrant Genealogical Society (IGS) was founded in 1982 to help Americans trace their ancestors' origins, particularly in the German speaking areas of Europe and the places in the world to which they migrated. The society maintains a genealogical research library, publishes a newsletter and two periodical journals, and offers searches of its holdings for users worldwide.
The Immigrant Library
The Immigrant Library serves as the IGS headquarters and houses a collection
of materials related to German and American genealogy. The collection began with the extensive
personal libraries of Elisabeth Sharp and Gerda Haffner. The collection has grown over the years
as society members and others contributed their materials and money to the library. Presently,
about half of the library holdings cover German speaking areas of Europe and half cover America.
IGS Publications
The IGS Newsletter - produced monthly, contains brief but useful news items related to genealogical research as well as references to other resources.
You may click here to find a list of newsletters that can be viewed online.
Die Pommerschen Leute - produced quarterly, is a genealogical resource for descendants of the Baltic Duchy of Pomerania.
German American Genealogy - produced semi-annualy, contains articles related to the migration of Germans to America.
Research Services
Volunteers make the information in the Immigrant Library available to researchers who are not able to use the library's resources in person. For a small donation, they will use their experience with each resource to locate data of interest, make copies and forward the information to you.
Click here for a listing of the searches currently offered.
The Immigrant Genealogical Society serves researchers in the greater Los Angeles area in many ways:
The Immigrant Genealogical Society is an IRS recongnized 501(c)(3) organization. Donations of cash and books are tax-deductible. Cash donations for the purchase of library materials and supplies are always welcomed.
We invite you to become an IGS member by printing and sending in this Membership Application.
Please Note: Your membership year begins when your dues are received by IGS.
The Pomeranian Special Interest Group is a member of a new German-American
Home Page | Immigrant Library | Searches | Calendar |
Die Pommerschen Leute | Contact Us


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Skip to main content
"The PHriends I have made here have taken a little bit of the pain and hurt involved with this disease when no one else understands what I'm going through."
"The PHriends I have made here have taken a little bit of the pain and hurt involved with this disease when no one else understands what I'm going through."
You can connect with others right now online! Whether you prefer the discussion boards, an online community or daily online support group chats -- or all of them -- the tools are easy to use requiring no special computer skills. So join one or as many of these groups as you like and you'll find you start making some fast PHriends even though you've never physically met.
For optimal viewing of PHAssociation.org, please use a standards-compliant browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.
The information provided on the PHA website is provided for general information only. It is not intended as legal, medical or other professional advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified professionals who are familiar with your individual needs. PHA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products or services.
801 Roeder Road, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Patient-to-Patient Support Line: firstname.lastname@example.com Privacy Policy Provide Feedback & Report Bugs
Designed by Matrix Group International, Inc.® | © 2016 Pulmonary Hypertension Association. All Rights Reserved.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) awarded PHA the Abbey S. Meyers Leadership Award in 2012 for outstanding service to PHA members in advocacy, education and other key areas.


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Fuel prices
$5 a gallon, or going down in '13?
January 11, 2013
Will gas prices hit the $5 mark in 2013? The good news for drivers is that most experts say no. "I wouldn't be in agreement with tha....
Oh yeah, I love those dividend checks coming in scrappile. Mo money! Mo money!
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Stiffy.. Wonder who really pressured Oromneybama, to install offshore loading of Brazil`s oil surplus, to load tankers away from ports, Why those who make the most from oil laden ships going to CHINA, as well as to make sure that 46 cents of every dollar we spend, to keep coming in, even if it does pay for the U.S. Navy to protect these same oil tankers to get to their destination, and keep giving you a dividend check from your investments in said China, LETS GO WALLYWORLDING. ITS THE ONLY PLACE TO SHOP.
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Stiffy, Check how Brazil`s use of sugar cane refined into biofuel has helped their energy independence, something that will never happen, with our "free" market, simply by pressures on congress from the energy lobbyist, due to worry about loss of wealth by Koch bros. and those of their ilk, plus if you believe it is still law of supply and demand, go to Beverly, buy gas at 299, go to Barlow, its 322, I demand the fuel corps. and distributors stop supplying so much BS. Energy independence will come in more ways then Shrill baby schill.
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1.) refinery capacity,1 permit applied for in last 30 years (Conico/Phillips) in Arizona,legislation was fast tracked and approved, which brought immediate rescending of permit application by said Conico/Phillips. 2) Pipeline carrying tar SANDS oil will bypass refineries in midwest, heading for Houston, upon refining, oil products will be shipped overseas, not helping U.S. consumers 1 iota, and this goop does not flow as well as other oil, straining pieline and more condusive to leaks, and thus spills, not to mention carbon footprint much higher for extracting petroleum from tar sands. Rather see stiffy riding a mule, than pedaling rickshaw, get to see 2 a**es for the price of 1. Allow the growing of hemp for fuel production, get the big government/ big corporations off your back and out of your pocket, much like 30`s Germany it is hard to tell difference between BIG GOVERNMENT/CORPORATIONS.
5 Agrees | 1 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Utah yesterday low gas price was $2.43 not $2.89
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Munster with these jokers we got running the country now we are lucky gas isn't $10 a gallon.
I know how ya feel tho. Every time obama goes on tv my dang stocks go down.
Hey WORKINGSTIFF! Your post is right on. No need for me to say anything else.
8 Agrees | 1 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
Your absolutely correct "stiffy".
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Autism's Affirmative Action
This guest post is by Autism Speaks staffer Kerry Magro. Kerry, an adult who has autism, is a rising senior at Seton Hall University, majoring in Sports Management. He started an Autism Speaks U Chapter: Student Disability Awareness on campus to help spread awareness and raise funds for those affected by autism. Autism Speaks U is a program designed for college students who host awareness, advocacy and fundraising events, while supporting their local autism communities.
I wanted to start this post off with a scenario for you; imagine a 22-year-old college senior interviewing for job placement after he graduates. This individual is on the autism spectrum. Now, under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), employers are not allowed to discriminate based on disability. This sounds fair, right? Well, here's the catch. Other minorities have the promise of Affirmative Action, a set of positive steps that employers use to promote equal employment opportunity and to eliminate possible discrimination. Those on the autism spectrum are part of a minority, among the largest minority in the United States, and are not given the same rights as other minorities. Nothing in the ADA says that affirmative action needs to be required for the possible employment of someone with a disability, and now more than ever, this puts those gifted individuals at risk of unemployment.
If you guessed correctly you will find that scenario is actually what I'm going through right now. I almost see it as another downgrade for those with autism. Before you even start college you lose your security blanket from high school, your IEP, and when you graduate college, you lose your ability to be treated the same as other minorities. That in itself, is discrimination.
Considering the playing field, starting affirmative action programs that include disabled individuals might be a blessing in disguise. Employers are always looking for the best (or should be) looking for the best quality when hiring someone. The fact is that with a majority of autistic individuals having the capability of mastering a specific skill, it puts them at the top of the recruitment food chain in certain areas. Problems in an interview can come from our socially awkward tendencies, which can put an employer off.
For example, if you have a guy who is great with numbers join a finance firm, who for some reason has a problem with dressing in business casual attire, are you going to fire him because he refuses to wear the clothes that are deemed professional if he is making your company millions? Same with communication difficulties, what happens if the interview doesn't go smoothly? What if the person has difficulty working with others? Should that matter if the job is getting done effectively? Different variables must be considered for different situations.
I realize that there are many other considerations to address, but at the end of the day it has to scare you if you have a loved one on the spectrum who wants to be considered for a job to know that their equal employment opportunities are actually not as equal as others. I've attended several autism conferences and learned that there are schools/sessions that focus on preparing autistic individuals to find work in the right environment. These prep courses can range in complexity to match the specific learning needs of that individual. However, these sessions usually come at a high expense and are not covered by an insurance provider (like many other treatments).
On the college level, the majority of Disability Support Offices in the Tri-State area are woefully underfunded and don't focus on this type of training for their students. They have a hard enough time on limited funds supporting them through college. In high school the same can be said of the public schools focus on class integration, not job training. Both approaches save money usually at the student's expense. If a college can get a student by with "reasonable accommodations" than tomorrow is not their concern. Because of the way the ADA is structured and the way that affirmative action programs are focused, there needs to be either more job training for on the spectrum individuals or more legislation focused on fairer hiring actions (or both). James I. Charlton, a disability advocate once said, "Nothing About Us, Without Us." Autistic individuals, especially young adults have the ability to be a part of the largest disability movement in decades. It's time for their voices to be heard.
(This is one of my Autism Speaks U related blog posts. If you would like to contact me directly about questions/comments related to this post I can be reached at email@example.com.)
January 6, 2011 at 2:28 pm
That is scary. That's why when I have been doing my job interviews I don't mention that I was diagnosed with autism. My chances of getting hired I believe are almost 0%.
Good luck on your job scearch because the job market is still tough, despite the numbers that ADP National Employment Report. I have only gotten about two dozen SO FAR over the past year, and I haven't gotten a job interview since right before Thanksgiving. However, I'm not going to give up anytime soon because maybe I might get extremely lucky.
January 10, 2011 at 3:56 pm
Why are you calling them "gifted" if they're so disabled? What evidence is there that a majority of autistics can become experts at skills? Affirmative action is a farce. Communiation skills are necessary to a manifold of jobs. This isn't as simple as you portray it. Why not ask the ASAN to fund the job preparation sessions/classes you mentioned, so that organization would actually do something helpful for once?


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Austin Tedder has joined the staff of Wise, Buckner, Sprowles and Associates, 301 E. Main St.
Tedder graduated from Taylor County High School in 2003 and Western Kentucky University in 2007 with a B.S. in accounting. His previous work experience includes an internship at Ingersoll-Rand in the finance department.
He enjoys community involvement through coaching Pee-Wee baseball.
He is the son of Terry and Mitzi Tedder of Campbellsville and the late Phyllis Tedder.
Murakami, Water Tower Bypass, contributed $2,800 to Toys for Tots. The money was donated by employees and management. Pictured are Dan Durham, director of Rescue; Rescue employees; Rob Collins, Commonwealth Broadcasting representative; Shinn Murakami, Murakami owner; and Nancy Vaughn of Murakami.
Sheila Moore has joined the staff at Davina's Plaza Salon, 116 Central Plaza, as a stylist.
Moore specializes in cuts, perms, hi-lights and color.
Lee's Famous Recipe, 501 E. Broadway, sponsored a Campbellsville Band Day recently.
Owner David Allen Newton donated a portion of the day's sales to the band. In all, Lee's of Campbellsville contributed nearly $2,000.
Band Director Jaime Smith said, "We couldn't be more thankful to David and the people at Lee's Famous Recipe, particularly during a time in which our band program is financially strained."
Lee's has donated thousands of dollars to band programs through the years.
The Cooper Clayton Smoking Cessation Class at Taylor Regional Hospital recently graduated six individuals. Included in this group were two TRH team members, Charlotte McFarland and Susan Phillips.
"Everybody keeps you on track in this program, and if you start to feel that you are not getting anywhere, they give you the confidence to know you are going to get over the hurdle and that you will become a non-smoker," says Charlotte McFarland.
This thought was echoed by Susan Phillips.
Community Ventures Corp. was honored recently by the U.S. Small Business Administration during its annual SBA Lenders Conference on Nov. 9.
Community Ventures Corp. received the 2007 SBA Micro Lender of the Year Award in Kentucky.
During the fiscal year 2007, which ended in September, Community Ventures Corp. approved 35 micro loans totaling $109,643. Steve Ayers, district director for the Kentucky District Office presented the award to James Coles.
Dr. Abby Coyle has joined Dr. Marlene Richardson's dental practice at 1485 Old Lebanon Road.
Coyle is a 2005 graduate of the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry. She is a native of Springfield, Ky. and is trained in all aspects of dentistry, including dentures.
Campbellsville National Bank is now Forcht Bank (pronounced "fork"), a subsidiary of Forcht Bancorp, formerly known as First Corbin Bancorp. The name change reflects combining Campbellsville National Bank with the other nine separate bank charters owned by Forcht Bancorp into one bank operation.
The total assets for Forcht Bancorp, including the recent acquisition of Eagle Fidelity in Grant County, now total more than $1 billion, making it one of the Top 10 bank holding groups based in Kentucky, according to data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
The Lincoln Trail Innovation Center has announced that IBC (Innovative Building Component) Technologies is a recent recipient of a $25,000 grant awarded by the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation under the Kentucky Enterprise Fund.
This fund is provided by the state through the Council on Postsecondary Education in support of Kentucky's knowledge based economy. Thirty-eight awards were recently made to start-up companies throughout the state of Kentucky with these awards totaling more than $2,000,000.
Jennifer Dobson will be joining CPA Nancy J. Stearman's accounting practice in Greensburg as an associate.
Dobson has lived in Campbellsville all her life. She is the daughter of Howard and Jenny Dobson.
She graduated from Taylor County High School in 2003 and from Campbellsville University in 2007 with a bachelor of science in business administration with an emphasis in accounting.
She has worked in the accounting field for more than four years.
Copyright © 2016
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


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I'm running Mac OS X and connecting to my PS3 via WiFi (the PS3 is on WiFi, the Mac is wired) but I don't think either of those facts has anything to do with my problem, which is that all 4x3 standard-definition video I stream from my Mac to my PS3 is being displayed in a windowboxed 4x3 area inside the 16x9 display of my TV. I have a Sony XBR tube TV that displays 480p and 1080i, but for some reason the PS3 is staying in 1080i mode and displaying the 640x480 4x3 standard-definition video inside the 16x9 1080i high-definition viewing area instead of switching to 480p (or 480i) output. High-res material, by contrast, displays properly.
Is there any way to stream video such that high-def (and anything higher-res than standard-def) is displayed this way but standard definition material is displayed in 480p to take best possible advantage of my TV?


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Some websites need to handle data securely and assure the end-user they are a) secure and b) who they say they are. The traditional way to achieve these is via Secure Socket Layer. Firefox 3 changed what happens when a self-signed SSL certificate is encountered. It's a change which has caused some concern and much discussion.
Should we only trust certificates signed by third parties? Are there cases where using a self-signed certificate is valid? Should users be informed or warned and how strong should the language of that notification be? Is it possible a simple solution is already available but has been overlooked in all the flan-flinging? I think so.
What's the fuss about?
SSL is essentially an encryption methodology used to create a tunnel between the browser session and the server. Anybody listening can hear but not decrypt the traffic because they don't possess either of the relevant keys. The problem is when a user goes to a site -- set up by an unsavoury third party -- which pretends to be the secure site. The site and domain closely resemble the real one and the traffic is all being encrypted but it is all going to wrong place. At this point certification enters the fray. The theory is that on entering the site, the browser is presented with an SSL certificate. If that certificate has been signed and approved by an independent certification authority (CA) then the browser assumes all is well and proceeds. If it doesn't then the browser lets the user know.
Mozilla's change of policy revolves around this notification. Whereas it used to say "we're not sure about this but you can accept if you want" -- and most users blindly accepted it anyway, it now says "We can't guarantee this and that might be because the server is doing something nasty, please jump through this hoop to proceed anyway" at which most users will be justifiably concerned and not proceed. I've paraphrased there but the essence is correct.
Where does self-signing come into it?
Self signed certificates are ones that are signed by the same server that hosts the site -- that is the people providing the certificate are also and at the same time saying "don't worry you can trust me". You can see why there is concern over not warning users about these kinds of certificates, but certificates signed by a CA cost quite a bit and to have one for a internal server which nevertheless needs to be secure could be seen as an expense most organisation do not want to go with. An example of this might be a webmail server which presents mail to disparate users over the internet but does not want the traffic to be in the public domain. A self-signed certificate is the most cost-effective option here, but making every new user perform a number of tasks just to accept the certificate is not something many IT managers would relish. I should note that CAs with zero or minimal cost certificates do exist but the browsers don't always know about them or contain their details; so, certificates signed by them are treated like self-signed certificates.
Aside from some valid reasons for using self-signed certificates, there are also those who just plain do not like the idea of passing trust through a third party, particularly one who is in the business of making money. I've seen genuine concerns over allowing one business (as opposed to an independent NGO for example) to effectively control whether customers of another business are told it is safe to use.
The two sides
So one side of this discussion says that Mozilla should use all it's persuasion to warn users of the dangers of self-signed certificates and that without CAs there is no way to determine the authenticity of the certificate being provided by a website. The other side says Mozilla should not use such "scaremongering" language that through Mozilla adopting this policy "some sites are forced to pay for certificates that they otherwise wouldn't have bought [and others] are forced to go without encryption that they otherwise would have had" (see the blog I linked to earlier). You'll note that both sides focus on the fact that third parties are needed to sign the certificate. Perhaps we're looking at this the wrong way.
Another way
Certificates do not need to authenticated against a third party as much as an independent source. This needs to be a source which cannot be changed quickly and the data upon which is held on and supplied by somebody other than the webserver and it's owners.
Within the DNS records for any domain there are a number of things listed. For example the MX record will tell you what servers are preferred for inbound mail for that domain. There is a record which to me seems designed for our purposes here, the SSHFP record. This is designed to contain SSH key fingerprints. This is a quote from RFC4255 which defines this record type:
Upon connection to an SSH server, the SSH client MAY look up the SSHFP resource record(s) for the host it is connecting to. If the algorithm and fingerprint of the key received from the SSH server match the algorithm and fingerprint of one of the SSHFP resource record(s) returned from DNS, the client MAY accept the identity of the server.
What's more public DNS data is stored on central servers and not provided by the webserver, indeed if the DNS data is faked then the user is not going to the correct server for that domain and perhaps has some bigger issues to worry about.
A browser that is presented with a certificate for a site could check whether the certificate is signed by a CA and/or whether the certificate fingerprint matches that in the SSHFP record for the same domain. In this way a self-signed certificate can have its key fingerprint stored in the domain DNS records without having to pay anybody and for those who want the extra reassurance for their customers they can pay for their certificate to be signed as now.
The browser doesn't have to do the DNS request: it simply asks the DNS server for the contents of the SSHFP record for that domain if required. There will be a slight delay while it does this, but if you want your users to avoid this you can pay for a CA to sign your certificate. If a certificate is signed but cannot be authenticated by a CA or the DNS record, then the browser is at liberty to present a warning to the user. At present I imagine many domains do not have anything in their SSHFP record, but if they want to use self-signed certificates they will certainly do so if the browser adopted this policy.
Puts on flame-proof suit
I imagine (but hope not) by this point a number of DNS and SSL/SSH experts will be reaching for their keyboard to shoot me down. If that's the case please do so. I am an expert in neither but I do use them so this is my suggestion for a cost-effective resolution as I see it. If I am wrong tell me why, please, but if I am not or if my idea has merit, where do we go from here?
Interesting subject...
So, you're saying that the reason why 3rd party certificates are important is to verify the identity of the server? (I.e. to avoid a man-in-the-middle attack of some kind?)
To be honest, I had thought the point was to register approval of the (real) site with a 3rd party trust network (which always sounded like a racket to me, to be honest).
Under that assumption, I've generally taken the attitude that, if I trust the site (or site owner) that I can trust the SSH without a certificate authority. This is something I usually encounter with account-membership sites, where there isn't anything really serious at risk, so I haven't felt the need to study it too hard.
Well no, not really
So, you're saying that the reason why 3rd party certificates are important is to verify the identity of the server? (I.e. to avoid a man-in-the-middle attack of some kind?)
Well no, that's the main reason the third parties and the supporters of CAs give. Personally I don't buy that as a valid reason. I can see the assurance that CAs could give to end-users but that's only because the users are told the CAs are trustworthy (coincidentally by the CA themselves :o) ).
To be honest, I had thought the point was to register approval of the (real) site with a 3rd party trust network (which always sounded like a racket to me, to be honest).
Me too. The whole system ask you to move your trust from the site owner to a third party neither of whom you may know or otherwise trust. Yet if a browser is to tell you a site is encrypted (with a padlock icon) then surely it should tell you if it cannot verify that the site is who they claim to be. My suggestion above gives a practical way to check this without requiring every sub-domain to pay the "racketeers".
Mozilla's perspective on self-signed certificates in Firefox 3
Ryan, your proposal is interesting but as it is not something that is implementable today, it's something of a moot point with reference to software that Mozilla has to ship today.
Johnathan Nightingale, who works at Mozilla on security and user interfaces for security, has a detailed post up recently on this particular issue that I think would be worth your while to peruse.
Note that "Several CAs accepted by all major browsers sell certificates for less than $20/yr, and StartSSL, in the Firefox 3 root store, offers them for free." So the financial complaint should be disregarded.
Also, Johnathan is calling for additional help:
"I don't think the approach in Firefox 3 is perfect, I'm not sure any of us do. I have filed bugs, and talked about things I think we could do to continue to enhance our users' security while at the same time reducing unnecessary annoyances. "
Full disclosure: I work at Mozilla but not in the area in question.
Thanks for the response
Ryan, your proposal is interesting but as it is not something that is implementable today, it's something of a moot point with reference to software that Mozilla has to ship today.
Care to explain why? Really, I would like to know. I haven't had a chance to read Johnathan's post but I will - thanks for the link.
The cost may be nullified by things like StartSSL (and I didn't know the root was in Firefox 3 - thanks) but there are still some who question whether using a third party in the first place is the right way to go (I'm not necessarily one of them).
DNS support?
It's not clear how many DNS projects support this field yet - if it's not widely supported by implemented DNS systems it won't do much good.
It also wouldn't necessarily solve what *I* see as the problem with Firefox's crusade against self-signed certificates. Unless one is also hosting one's own DNS, you would then still effectively need to beg a third party (your DNS host) to permit you to encrypt your server's traffic.
I mentioned this in my post over at the discussion on blog.johnath.com, but what's so horribly jarring about this is having "free and open" Mozilla Firefox now insisting that you cannot possibly encrypt your traffic without help and permission from a "professional" third party. I realize that's not what the new UI is supposed to do, but it is, and it runs directly against what I always thought truly "free" software was supposed to be about.
All that said, I still actually like the idea of using SSHFP records, I'm just not sure if it would be enough to solve the problem.
DNS Encryption?
It also wouldn't necessarily solve what I see as the problem with Firefox's crusade against self-signed certificates. Unless one is also hosting one's own DNS, you would then still effectively need to beg a third party (your DNS host) to permit you to encrypt your server's traffic.
Why? The certificate signature is stored in the SSHFP record and can be done so in plain text as only the real certificate can generate a matching signature -- can't it?
A third party must approve of your use of encryption...
That's correct but that's not what I mean.
What I mean is, unless I am running my OWN DNS (and have direct access to the DNS configuration) I still have to go beg my DNS host to add an SSHFP record for me (assuming the hosts's DNS supports that field).
It's not that this is necessarily an onerous request, really, just that it means if you're not running your own Domain Name Servers, all you've accomplished is to change which "third party" gets to decide whether or not you're allowed to encrypt your traffic (from a "Certificate Authority" to a "DNS hoster").
It's the fact that Mozilla is effectively (though I assume unintentionally) *requiring* people to go get approval from some third party to provide encryption that's really bugging me here.
Also, how long before GoDaddy.com et al decide to charge an extra $5/month for this "service"?
Missing the point...
The issue with using something like SSHFP is that many attacks against web sites are DNS based.
It could be via domain typos (e.g. www.ebau.com vs. www.ebay.com) or via DNS poisoning (where the attacker makes the client think the DNS records for the site says X.X.X.X instead of Y.Y.Y.Y). In either case, the client would be presented with a falsified SSHFP record, and happily continue on.
The only way something like this would work would be in combination with DNSSEC, which permits signed DNS responses, so you know they are coming from the real DNS server. But that isn't likely to happen on the general internet for a long, long time.
My suggestion to sites that want to use self signed certs is to have them create a CA and hand out the CA certificate for people to install. Once it is installed, you'll KNOW you are talking to the correct server.
some good points
As I said in the article if the user s a victim of "DNS poisoning" then they have bigger issues. Let's not forget there is a side issue of user education here. It could be said that prompts like the Mozilla one do more to scare than educate users.
You're right in that users who were not paying attention could be caught by phishing sites that used SSHFP but it's entirely plausible that those same users may not notice that a fake site is not encrypted at all. In the end there is no substitute for user awareness.
Your solution is what should happen now but sometimes becoming your own CA and getting users to install it becomes such a pain that it's not worth the effort. I like your idea - I've used it myself but if it was really worth the effort it would be more in use now but it's not. It also doesn't resolve the issue that the same party is providing the certificate and the verification. You're asking a user to trust your site by using a root certificate stored on your site. DNSSEC is a good idea and although it and SSHFP are not so well used now, a key browser like Firefox providing support for such services will enhance their popularity.
thanks for the feedback though. As said you've raised some good points.
DNS poisoning
You're right in that users who were not paying attention could be caught by phishing sites that used SSHFP but it's entirely plausible that those same users may not notice that a fake site is not encrypted at all. In the end there is no substitute for user awareness.
Hmm. Well, I would certainly know if a site wasn't using encryption at all.
How would I know if I were a victim of "DNS poisoning", though? My understanding of DNS/BIND is pretty foggy. I would guess that it would be the top level DNS server that I reference that would actually be the "victim" in this scenario, and that the "poisoning" would be somewhere in the tree of hand-offs that happens when a DNS look-up is done.
So how would I avoid the problem? My DNS is largely determined by my choice of ISP as far as I know.
DNS Poisoning != phishing
I was quite specific in using the term phishing but I guess I forgot the slight ambiguity of the term. I was referring to sites which misspell URIs (www.ebau.com as opposed to www.ebay.com or those which use e-mail links so that the user will just click the link and not look at the actual URL. These sites could use SSHFP to provide a valid cerificate for the false domain and the user would be no wiser.
I very much doubt you would be caught out by URLs that were not what you wanted but there are a considerable amount of users who would be. At least I presume there must be by the fact that the technique is so widely used by those sending such e-mails.
If your ISPs DNS itself is compromised you probably have a legal case against your ISP. I'm not too familiar with all the facets of DNS poisoning myself but I assume it would involve hijacking a wireless connection with a MITM attack. Can an attacker alter the DNS routes of a wired connection?
As the GP suggested tying up SSHFP with DNSSEC would be a good start as the DNS record itself could be signed but that just brings us full circle to who signs the DNS record?
Don't forget that I'm talking about this as an alternative to self-signed certificates not a replacement for CA signing. If the site in question is public facing and requires some user reassurance then a CA is ideal. Having said that some fairly major sites use self-signed certs and provide them on their website, as I found out today this includes web access to an rsync.net account.
Still foggy on DNS, but...
I'm still foggy on how DNS works, but it has been my understanding that it is a distributed database. So, my ISP's DNS asks up the hierarchy until it reaches some sort of master DNS server, which then searches down-tree through a hierarchy of DNS information providers, closer and closer to the target site's DNS server. Somewhere along the way, a server that knows what the URL maps to will respond, and that's the response I get back.
If that's true, then all that has to happen to inject a false DNS message that will get back to my system, is that one of the computers in that chain has to be compromised.
I thought I remembered reading about attacks of this nature actually being done in the past: a person types in the (exact) URL of (say) www.paypal.com, but they get a false IP in response to their DNS query, which then takes them to a phish site -- due to a problem in the way the DNS look-up itself is performed.
But I don't really see how you can protect yourself from this kind of attack -- it isn't really your system that's being attacked. Perhaps the only way would be to run a DNS caching system on your computer and generate warnings for suspicious IP changes. But I'm reasonably certain that I'm not running anything like that.
Seperation of securing elements
Disclaimer 1: I have been working for a CA and support the need to certify identity information to build trust between different actors involved in remote transactions. The technology does not matter, but there needs to be a correct trust building through procedures that maximally rule out the possibility for identity theft (theft of server identity in this case). It is this kind of procedures that cost money, so even if you replace the PKI technology with other technology, if you want to have the same trust level, the cost will remain in the same order as for CA certificates.
Disclaimer 2: I don't know what DNSSEC is or does and whether or not it might solve any of the problems related to the issues I see with the ideas of the post above, but I suspect that at least the first one will remain (and that is the most severe one in my opinion).
In my opinion your reasoning is flawed for the following reason:
- DNS is supposed to give a link between the URL (destined to humans) and IP address (destined to machines). The information that is added to the DNS record is only informative, nothing more. This is a pure technical thing that is required to make the internet practically usable.
- PKI (CA's) are destined to bring trust between parties that do not see each other in real life (i.e. when it is easy for someone to present himself as someone he is not). The public key signed by a trusted CA helps to prevent such issues. This IS a pure security thing. And to make this work a CA (in any case a proper one) implements a lot of procedures and processes to ensure verifications are correctly carried out to check the identity of a holder of a key before certifying this information. Such strict procedures and processes are not present in a system such as DNS. And these will not be added lightly because these cost a lot of effort, thus time, thus money.
If you would use the DNS record information to go aside the PKI complexity (because complex it is indeed), you have to take into account the following two problems:
1. The information in the DNS record are not of the same level and can not at all be trusted in the same way as information certified by a CA. For the DNS of my own website they just put in what I told them to put in without any verification. There are even ISPs that offer you a control center to manage the DNS records yourself. This means that I could create a DNS record on the name of another company without anyone holding me back.
2. Even if the information in the DNS record would be trustworthy, then you loose the separation between the URL to IP linking and Site Identity guaranteeing. DNS is not a full proof protocol. There are ways to fraud with DNS (DNS spoofing). I don't know any details on how that works but the result is that if a user enters the correct URL, his PC will receive a wrong IP address and will be directed to the wrong server. If that site uses SSL with a proper certified public key (from a CA), the user will be notified by his browser that the certificate does not have the correct domain certified. If you work with the information from the DNS, and the browser accepts the information from the DNS records (which are spoofed), then there is no second verification mechanism and the user is not notified of a problem => hackers win!
Trust issues
Trust is complicated... it's not a scalar.
Should I trust a CA to be as thorough as you say? (I notice you even threw in a few weasel words to avoid too strong of an endorsement). Should I trust them to care about sites like the one I'm running or the one I'm using? What about a DNS? Also, it has to be appreciated that different entities may be trusted, but only in certain domains. I may thoroughly trust the news accuracy of, say, the New York Times, but not trust them at all with my money. Likewise, I may very well trust my bank with my accounts, but not at all with honesty in reporting -- they are a biased source.
Furthermore, identity does not necessarily exclude anonymity. If the source you trust is someone on the internet who talks to you under the name "Seekret", then what you want to know about any given communication is whether or not it is coming from the same anonymous source -- not that that source is actually named John Doe or that he lives in Detroit. Note that in this case, I don't care at all whether the information in the DNS database is verifiable by a third party -- only that it is the same between accesses to the same site.
That's a different situation from when I want to talk to my bank. My bank is a "real world" organization: it has access to my financial information and I communicate with them (indeed first communicated with them) in person. So, of course I want to know that the online service I'm connecting to is actually run by that bank. ISTM that this particular case is the use-case for CAs: I want a third party reassurance that this URL really belongs to my real bank.
The application for self-signed certificates is more like the former "Seekret" situation. When I talk to Sourceforge, for instance, I just want to know that I'm accessing the real software repository. I don't actually care who owns or operates Sourceforge (in fact SF uses a CA, so I'm really thinking of a much smaller service, but nevermind). Most of the time, I just don't want my passwords to be sent clear text over the internet -- so all I really want to be sure of is that I'm talking to the same site from one HTTP request to the next.
Another thing to think about is value. Why would someone want to break my trust? In the case of a bank account it's obvious -- they can get direct monetary benefit from it. It's much less obvious why they would want to impersonate me or my website: oh there might be reasons -- a prank, injecting bad code, impersonating a user on a forum, etc. But those aren't very strong reasons, and hence it's unlikely that the attacker will go to great expense or effort to do it.
IOW, there's a huge difference between a vault where you store priceless treasure (valuable to anyone) and a privacy lock on your diary (valuable mainly to you). Sure, some hateful person might want to use your diary entries against you, but they're just not going to be as motivated as a professional thief.
After all, there is no security or lock that cannot be broken, given enough desire to break it. So all you're really trying to do is make it hard enough to discourage the sort of attack you expect based on the value of what is protected.
So the question here is: Is a DNS-based signature sufficient as a "privacy lock", and is it a suitable alternative to CA-based security for sites that don't need extreme or real-world based trust?
I must confess that I'm not certain, because I don't understand all of the technical issues. I don't fully understand how easy it is to inject a false DNS report, for example. As it is, however, I frequently accept unsigned/self-signed certificates for low-security sites right now. Would the DNS approach make that more secure than what I'm doing now?
As it is, however, I frequently accept unsigned/self-signed certificates for low-security sites right now. Would the DNS approach make that more secure than what I'm doing now?
That's my question too. I'm equally not an expert at DNS but it does strike me there are essentially two cases where certificates are needed as you describe them. My idea is not meant to replace CAs but replace self-signed certificates. CAs have their place but not for all cases.
Interesting concept
A very interesting concept. I had never heard of "DNS poisoning".
StartSSL sucks
StartSSL is pretty useless given that its CA isn't trusted by Internet Explorer (or indeed, any other Microsoft product, which uses the PC's certificate store for this purpose). I wouldn't use a free certificate with them for this reason, and I certainly wouldn't waste my money paying for one. They hardly make this clear on their website either. What a ripoff!
Note that "Several CAs
Note that "Several CAs accepted by all major browsers sell certificates for less than $20/yr, and StartSSL, in the Firefox 3 root store, offers them for free." So the financial complaint should be disregarded.
Furthermore, nothing is ever really free. They wanted full name, address, and phone number. I don't want their adds for their commercial products sent to me.
Furthermore, their cert is only good for a year. All I need ssl for is user login. Why should I have to get a new cert every year just to allow encryption of login username and password?
With respect to "man in the middle attack" - that seems far more likely with a real certificate that expires in a year. You see, after the cert expires, the browser doesn't have a problem accepting a new one. With self signed, I can provide a long cert lifetime. Once the user accepts it, if they ever get a different cert from a man in the middle, they should get a warning - just like the OpenSSH warning you get when you try to ssh into a box that regenerated their key. No certificate authorities are needed for ssh, btw ...
Mozilla really should look at how Opera does it. Temporary accept just requires a click. Permanent accept requires clicking the security tab, checking a box, and then a click.
Fast and painless, no un-necessary over the top scary warning.


text:
Lebanon inventor awarded patent for encryption breakthrough
James P. Morgan, West Lebanon, N.H., has developed a patent (8,458,452) for a "system and method for encryption and decryption of data transferred between computer systems."
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In a simpler time, high school coaches conducted gym classes and taught history in addition to their athletic duties. Thus it was that at 2:58 p.m. on Oct. 3, 1951, I was sitting in Mr. Provost's sixth-hour history class listening to a baseball game over the loud speaker at the front of the room. Down by 13-1/2 games in mid-August, the NY Giants had battled back and were then in the third and final game of their pennant playoff series with cross town rivals, the NY Giants.
The game was played at the old Polo Grounds in upper-Manhattan, home of the Giants from 1883 to 1957. While in NYC for the World's Fair in 1964, we watched the Giants playing the new NY Mets in the Giant's new stadium at Flushing Meadows in Queens. (It was later named Shea Stadium.) Casey Stengel was managing the hapless Mets and Willie Mays was playing for the Giants.
It was the bottom of the ninth, Giants down 4-2 with two men on and the count 3-2 on Giant Bobby Thomson. Our room, was quiet as usual but this time not from somnolence and boredom but anticipation of that next pitch. The crack of Bobby's bat sent him into baseball legend and resurrected an entire history class from the dead.
Bobby Thomson never again rose to such heights — but it didn't matter. Ever after his hit was called "the shot heard round the world" after the phrase from Emerson's 1837 poem commemorating the first clash of the Revolutionary War April 19, 1775. The bat is in the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY.
Had Bobby not hit safely, the batter in the on-deck was a new kid named Willie Mays. Thomson was sent to the Milwaukee Braves in 1953, and in Spring training in 1954 broke his ankle — giving rookie Hank Aaron a place in the lineup.
I have no memory of what Mr. Provost taught in American History that October afternoon, but had it been about the first shot of the American Revolution, I'm sure I would not have recalled it as well as that other shot heard round the world. And, on line now, there are no signatures of Paul Revere selling for more than Bobby Thomson's baseballs.
"Concord Hymn"
Sung at the completion of the Concord Monument
April 19, 1836
By Ralph Waldo Emerson
Commemorates first shots in American Revolution
Fired by the Minute Men April 19, 1775
By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,
Page 2 of 2 - And fired the shot heard round the world.
The foe long since in silence slept;
Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept
Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.*
On this green bank, by this soft stream,
We set to-day a votive stone'
That memory may their deed redeem,
When, like our sire, our sons are gone.
Spirit, that made those heroes dare
To die, and leave their children free,
Bid time and Nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to them and thee.
• By 1836, the wood bridge had disintegrated and was replaced by a concrete structure in the postcard image.
Location, ST | website.com


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Padstow Cottages
Sprawled alongside the beautiful Camel Estuary, Padstow is a
wonderful holiday destination and offers a range of top-class
Padstow cottages.
Focal-point of the town is the attractive harbour, lined with
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Follow the Town Trail calling in at designer shops and stylish
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Or book a Padstow cottage over May Day and join in with the
celebrations of Obby Oss - the highlight of Padstow's social
Choose a Padstow cottage for sensational dining!
Padstow features all kinds of places to eat and drink and Chef
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Hire a bike and cycle the award-winning Camel Trail following a
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refreshments at the Camel Valley Vineyard. Other activities include
walking, golf and all kinds of water sports.
And remember, when you book a Padstow cottage, expect amazing
scenery being situated right on the edge of an Area of Outstanding
Natural Beauty!


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Within the next minute the global population will rise by 145. Norbert Winkeljohann explores global population growth and mobility in this megatrend piece.
Watch video
On current trends, the aggregate purchasing power of the 'E7' emerging economies – China, India, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and Indonesia – will overtake that of the G7 by 2030. Silas Yang explores this change in consumer spending and behaviour.
In 1800, 2% of the world's population lived in cities. Now it's 50%. Every week, some 1.5 million people join the urban population, through a combination of migration and childbirth. Ian Powell explores the implications for businesses.
At current rates of consumption we may have just half a century's worth of oil & gas left. Yet to meet our development needs we're highly dependent on fossil fuels, which drive carbon emissions. Dennis Nally explores this megatrend in more detail.
The impacts of digital disruption are now so pervasive that no business in any sector – from the smallest family business to largest multinational – is immune from them. Bob Moritz speaks about digital transformation and its impact on consumers.


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Shelton State sweeps pair from Meridian
Published: Friday, April 19, 2013 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, April 19, 2013 at 1:08 a.m.
TUSCALOOSA | Shelton State's Meagan Young threw a complete game, allowing three hits and striking out 14, in a 5-0 softball victory Wednesday over Meridian (Miss.) Community College. Shelton State then took a 13-0 shutout win in the second game of the doubleheader.
Teammate Reba Hawkins hit 3-for-4 in the first game. Kate Benton hit 2-for-3. Jordyn Whiddon hit 2-for-4 with two RBIs.
Shelbi Smith threw three innings in second game, accumulating two strikeouts and one hit to improve the Buccaneers to 31-8.
Benton hit 3-for-3. Lea Crutchfield hit 2-for-2 with four RBIs and a grand slam. Callie Loper hit 2-for-3 with two RBIs.
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Easy and Fun Themed Dinner Party Ideas
½ oz. Cruzan 9 Spiced Rum
½ oz. agave nectar
¾ oz. oz. pink grapefruit juice
5 oz. hot water
Pinch of cinnamon
Combine all ingredients in a mug and stir.
Source: Cruzan Rum
¼ c. light rum
2 bottles of 100% Natural Lipton Iced Tea with Lemon
1 c. apple juice
¾ tsp. cinnamon
1 cinnamon stick
Garnish: apple slices
Bring all ingredients to a boil in a saucepan. Pour into a mug and stir. Garnish with apple slices.
Source: Lipton Iced Tea
Serves 6
Latin Inspired Holiday Cocktails


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Bus fire on I-26 backs up traffic
Published: Thursday, August 14, 2014 at 4:08 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, August 14, 2014 at 4:08 p.m.
Firefighters shut down the westbound lanes of I-26 near mile marker 49 Thursday after a bus caught fire.
The bus caught fire and pulled to the side of the interstate at about 2 p.m., according to the Highway Patrol. There were no injuries.
The westbound lanes were closed as the Hendersonville Fire Department extinguished the fire. By 3:30 p.m., the lanes and shoulder were reopened, but heavy congestion remained.
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Matthew 2:1-18 tells this story: Herod was "greatly troubled" when astrologers from the east came asking the whereabouts of "the newborn king of the Jews," whose star they had seen. They were told that the Jewish Scriptures named Bethlehem as the place where the Messiah would be born. Herod cunningly told them to report back to him so that he could also "do him homage." They found Jesus, offered him their gifts and, warned by an angel, avoided Herod on their way home. Jesus escaped to Egypt.
Herod became furious and "ordered the massacre of all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity two years old and under." The horror of the massacre and the devastation of the mothers and fathers led Matthew to quote Jeremiah: "A voice was heard in Ramah, sobbing and loud lamentation; Rachel weeping for her children..." (Matthew 2:18). Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel. She is pictured as weeping at the place where the Israelites were herded together by the conquering Assyrians for their march into captivity.
"Purify us as we serve these, your mysteries, by which you grant justification even to those who lack understanding" (Prayer Over the Gifts, Feast of the Holy Innocents).


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Definition of neologism in English:
1A newly coined word or expression.
Example sentences
- His work routinely exhibits a Joycean verbal playfulness and exuberance, and is littered with inventive neologisms and mixed metaphors.
- Politicians invent neologisms and use words in a very imaginative way.
- Radner writes long, convoluted sentences and regularly coins neologisms; he also employs words without much sensitivity to the alternative associations that they are likely to breed in the minds of the reader.
new word, new expression, new term, new phrase, coinage;
made-up word, nonce word
1.1The coining or use of new words.
Example sentences
- 'I am not afraid of neologism,' wrote the fearless Professor Fowler.
- Justifying speciesism takes us back to square one, but with an ugly, misleading and tendentious neologism thrown in.
- At the risk of coining a fourth type (writers are only allowed one neologism per article) we could say that the global economy (and its attendant pollution) is itself 4th nature.
- Example sentences
- Although, thinking about it, I'm sure my vocabulary has been enlarged in previously unexplored directions by the energetic neologists of spam.
- Always the playful neologist (pertussion is his coinage from the technical term for whooping cough, pertussis), Wallace has lately become a professor of literature.
- In 2001 Hebden perfected what neologists might term 'folktronica' on Pause, a late summer's melange of delicate found-sound sonics and charmingly recontextualised acoustic melodies and beats.
- Example sentences
- We have discovered a rich new seam of zeitgeist, and the publishers are neologising all the way to the bank.
- There are words borrowed from Chinese dialect and Malay and some of which are neologised from the vernacular.
- Apparently, they had no idea that cos was short for because, and typically neologised into cuz in the states.
Early 19th century: from French néologisme.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: ne·ol·o·gism
Definition of neologism in:
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Travel Information for Entering International Students
Welcome to Princeton Theological Seminary! The Office of Multicultural Relations ("Multicultural Relations") is the Seminary's office responsible for assisting admitted international students with obtaining the necessary documents for their visas and their entry to the United States. Multicultural Relations is your primary resource for all your immigration information during your enrollment and study on the Princeton Theological Seminary's ("PTS") campus.
After Multicultural Relations receives and reviews all your completed enrollment documents, visa forms, including requested financial documentation, it will prepare a Form I-20 for F-1 students, or a DS-2019 for J-1 students. The information contained below provides the enrollment and visa issuance procedures.
APPLICATION FOR A VISA CERTIFICATE (I-20 or DS-2019)
The Application for a Visa Certificate ("AVC") form needs to be completed and submitted to Multicultural Relations by April 21. Multicultural Relations will begin processing Forms I-20 or Forms DS-2019 when all required visa and financial documentation are received. The AVCs are processed in the order received. Completion of your visa documents may take up to 3 to weeks during peak season. It is recommended that students wait to receive their visa documents before scheduling a visa interview with the U.S. Consulate/Embassy.
F-1or J-1 VISA: WHICH ONE IS RIGHT FOR YOU?
The most commonly used visa by international students in the United States is the F-1student visa. All students are eligible for an F-1 visa as long as they have been admitted, have accepted the terms of their admission, and can submit financial funding documentation for their first year of study. Please note: all non-degree students and non-degree exchange program students will be issued a J-1 U.S. visa since this program category falls under the J-1 Program regulations.
To be eligible for the J-1 visa, students must meet the above criteria PLUS secure at least a substantial amount (51%) of their funding from other sources other than personal, family, and friends. They must also provide funding that is guaranteed for the length of their PTS program.
Funds other than personal funds may include a single source or any combination of the following:
IMPORTANT: If you meet the above funding criteria for the J-1 visa and you wish to be eligible for that option, then you must submit the completed DS-2019 Student Request Form, along with your Application for Visa Certificate and all required documentation to Multicultural Relations at [email protected]. Students who do not submit this Request Form will automatically receive the Form I-20 for the F-1 visa.
NOTE: Before requesting a DS-2019 form, please carefully read the information in the comparison between the F-1 and J-1 visa categories document. Also, please read the detailed descriptions of both visa statuses and their requirements, located on the State Department Bureau of Consular Affairs web site:
Some additional factors that applicants should keep in mind when deciding between F-1 and J-1 visa status categories are the following:
Will you be accompanied by a spouse who wishes to work?
If you are married and choose J-1 status, your spouse and unmarried children (under 21 years of age) are eligible for J-2 status. J-2 dependents may apply for J-2 work permission after they have entered the US in J-2 status or have been approved to change their visa status to J-2 within the US. Please note that income from a J-2's employment cannot be used to support the J-1 but may be used for the family's customary recreational, educational and cultural activities and related travel. For more details on the requirements and process, please contact Multicultural Relations upon arrival at PTS.
If you choose F-1 status, your spouse and unmarried children (under 21 years of age) are eligible for F-2 status. F-2 dependents cannot work in the US under any circumstances.
What is the J Visa Two-Year Foreign Residence Requirement, INA 212(e), and will you be subject to it if you choose J-1 status?
In some cases, students who choose J-1 status and their dependents will be subject to the J Visa Two-Year Foreign Residence Requirement, INA 212(e). Students subject to this requirement will not be able to change status within the US, obtain an H-1 temporary work, or L-1 intracompany transferee visa for the US, or obtain permanent residence in the US, until they have either documented that they spent two years in their home country after the end of their J-1 program or they have obtained a waiver of the two-year foreign residence requirement.
Not all students who choose J-1 status are subject to the Two-Year Foreign Residence Requirement, INA 212(e). You will be subject to the requirement only if you receive funding from the US government or from your home country government for your J-1 study in the US, or if you study in a field which is in demand in your home country. Please see Exchange Visitor Skills List published by the State Department.
If you receive no government funding and if your country and field of study do not appear on the above list, you should not be subject to this requirement. This determination is normally made when your visa is issued. The consular officer will mark your visa and/or DS-2019 with the INA 212(e) requirement.
Are F-1 and J-1 students eligible to work? What are the differences?
Both F-1 and J-1 status allow students holding PTS issued I-20s or DS-2019s to engage in on-campus employment at the Princeton Theological Seminary up to 20 hours per week while school is in session and full-time during vacation periods.
Both statuses also allow you to work off-campus (not at PTS) in the US, but there are restrictions and prior authorization is required. You should discuss your eligibility to work with Multicultural Relations prior to accepting employment.
Are there health insurance requirements for F-1 and J-1 students?
The US Department of State (DOS) requires J-1 students and their dependents to be in compliance with the health insurance standards listed below:
Medical insurance must cover the entire period of participation in the J-1 Exchange Visitor program (refer to the program start and end dates on your DS-2019).
Medical benefits must provide a minimum of $100,000 per accident or illness.
Medical evacuation must be covered in the amount of $50,000, minimum (medical evacuation is emergency medical transportation to the home country).
Repatriation of remains must be covered in the amount of $25,000, minimum (in the unfortunate event of death, repatriation is the transportation of remains back to the home country).
Deductibles must not exceed $500 per accident or illness.
NOTE: Failure to maintain medical insurance is a violation of the J-1 status.
While the F-1 student regulations do not have the same requirement, the Princeton Theological Seminary itself requires all students and their dependents to have comprehensive medical insurance taken out through PTS.
What types of documents qualify for Financial Certification?
Your funds must be liquid. This means that they are cash that can be immediately accessed. Checking accounts or savings accounts without withdrawal prohibitions do qualify. An assessment of the value of your assets (home, car, property, jewelry) does not qualify. Proof of employment or salary does not qualify. A report on your stock and investment portfolio does not qualify.
The following financial documentation are examples of acceptable proof that you have adequate resources to cover your program of study at PTS:
Certification Letter by a bank official of all your personal funds that will be used to cover travel costs and educational expenses. This must be on bank letterhead and be signed by a bank official.
If you are using a printout of your online bank statement, please make sure it includes the account holder's name, account type, and bank name.
If you are using a printout of your online bank statement, please make sure it includes the account holder's name, account type, and bank name.
If your bank letter is not written in English, you must include a notarized translation into English. It is recommended that the bank statement be written in English.
Notice of Funding Letter from any sponsoring agencies(church body, foundation or other organization) on the agency's letterhead and signed by an agency officer, certifying the funds it will grant you for travel and/or other expenses for your Seminary Program, as well as when the funds will be sent.
Notarized Certification Letterfrom individual(s) who will sponsor you, outlining how much they will give you to meet the cost of your Seminary Program and when they will send you the funds. If the sponsor is an American citizen or "green card" holder, this certification must take the form of a Form I-134, Affidavit of Support. Individual sponsors must also provide the Seminary with proof on bank letterhead and signed by a bank officer that they have the resources to meet their commitment to you.
IMPORTANT NOTE:In preparation for your visa interview with the U.S. Consulate, it is highly recommended that you obtain original, official bank statements, as well as original, signed funding letters or Forms I-134 for your visa interview with the U.S. Consulate.
If You are Outside the U.S.:
How to Apply for an Initial F-1 or J-1s Entry Visa
Carefully read and follow the following procedures:
Receipt of your Form I-20 (F-1) or DS-2019 (J-1) from Princeton Seminary. Your Form I-20/DS-2019 indicates that Princeton Seminary has created a record for you in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System ("SEVIS"), a national database for international students and scholars. Your unique assigned SEVIS ID number is in the upper right corner of page 1. Please check to see that all information is correct and that your expected completion date is in the future.
If the Seminary invited your dependents (husband, wife, or children under the age of 21) to accompany you to the U.S., each of them will receive their own "dependent" Form I-20 or DS-2019 needed for applying for their F-2 or J-2 visas and to enter the U.S. in F-2 or J-2 visa status. If your family name is different from your dependents, be prepared to show documents that prove your relationship.
Make an appointment for an interview at an U.S. Consulate/Embassyto apply for an F-1 or J-1 entry visa. You will require the Form I-20/DS-2019 from the Seminary at the time of your appointment. DO NOT MAKE AN APPOINTMENT UNTIL you have received the Form I-20 or DS-2019 Form or are sure that you will have the Form I-20/DS-2019 in time for the appointment. Multicultural Relations at the Seminary issues I-20s and DS-2019s in the order that complete applications are received, and is unable to rush yours because you made an appointment too early. Please check the following websites for more information on visa appointments:
Make sure your passport is valid.
When you apply for a visa or enter the U.S., your passport must be valid for at least 6 months into the future. Some countries are exempt from this requirement and have their passports automatically extended for 6 months which means that you can use your passport up until the written expiration date. This rule applies to subsequent entries to the U.S. while traveling as a student. The list of countries exempt from this rule can be found at http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/types/types_1268.html#6.
The SEVIS fee ($200) will be paid by Princeton Seminary and the SEVIS I-901 fee receipt will be included with your original Form I-20/DS-2019. Please keep this original fee receipt with your Form I-20/DS-2019 as you will need these documents when you have your appointment with the US Consulate.
Complete all required Department of State visa application forms and pay the required visa application processing fees in advance of your appointment:
DS-160: Everyone applying for a non-immigrant visa must complete this form. COMPLETE THIS ELECTRONIC FORM ON-LINE and take a printed copy with you to the interview with the US Consular.
Refer to Step 5 and follow instructions for paying any visa fees required in advance of your appointment. Procedures may vary from country to country, and even post to post within the same country. Note that application and issuance fees are based on reciprocity and generally reflect your country's policies in granting visa privileges to visiting U.S. students.
Bring a passport-size photo less than six months old. Check Nonimmigrant Visa Photograph Requirements for details.
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY! Prepare for your interview appointment by learning what to expect. You will be applying for an F-1 student visa or a J-1 university student visa, a non-immigrant classification. According to U.S. immigration law, "Every alien shall be presumed to be an immigrant until he establishes to the satisfaction of the consular officer, at the time of application for admission, that he is entitled to a non-immigrant status." This means you need to establish that you have no intention of staying in the U.S. permanently, but are coming here for a temporary purpose, i.e., to pursue your educational objective. While the consular officers are aware that it may be difficult for students to demonstrate strong professional and economic ties to their home countries, you should still bear this in mind as you prepare for your interview.
Checklist of what to take with you to your visa interview:
After the visa is processed, make sure you receive what you requested! Check your passport to be sure you obtained an F-1/J-1 visa, and that any dependents obtained an F-2/J-2 visa. Also, be certain that the Form I-20 or DS-2019 was returned to you, as you must have the original with you when you arrive in the United States. Sometimes, the document is returned to you in a sealed envelope which must be presented to the immigration inspector when you arrive.
Canadian Citizens: Canadian citizens do not require an entry visa to enter the U.S., but do require a Form I-20 or DS-2019. Effective June 1, 2009, all Canadian citizens entering the U.S. by air, land or sea will be required to show a passport to enter the United States. A passport may also be required for other purposes while you are in the U.S., such as completing a form for employment on campus, or applying for a Social Security number
At the port of entry, Canadian students must present the Form I-20 or DS-2019, Form I-901 (proof of payment of the SEVIS fee), and supporting financial documentation to the immigration inspector to be admitted into the U.S. in F-1/J-1 status. You will be given an I-94 Admission/Departure card to complete. Be sure to look at your I-94 card before you leave the inspection area to ensure that it has the notation "F-1, D/S" or "J-1, D/S" written on it. Canadian students must have an I-94 card to confirm current F-1/J-1 status. If not, you are considered to be in Visitor (B-2) status, a status which does not permit study in the U.S.
Some Canadians have mistakenly assumed that regulations that apply to international students do not apply to them. Students from Canada are subject to the same regulations regarding employment in the United States, requirement for full-time study and all other provisions for maintaining their visa status. It is especially important for Canadian students to be vigilant about entering the United States in proper student status, as immigration inspectors are accustomed to admitting Canadian citizens as "visitors" and not as "students".
Applying for an F-1 or J-1 Visa If You are Already in the U.S.:
Students currently in a status other than F-1 or J-1:
Admitted students to Princeton Seminary who are currently in the U.S. in another visa status other than F-1 or J-1 are required to change status by either:
1) exiting the U.S. to their home country to await their Seminary issued Form I-20 or DS-2019 and then apply for their F-1/J-1 visa at an U.S. Consulate/Embassy (see Steps 1 through 10 above); or
filing an application I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status to request a change of visa status within the United States. Students must immediately report the results of their change of status application to Multicultural Relations when notified by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS"). IMPORTANT NOTE: Individuals in B-1 or B-2 and F-2 status are prohibited from enrolling in classes until the change of status to F-1 has been approved by USCIS, and there is no way of knowing how long this will take.
Students Currently in F-1 or J-1 Status at another U.S. Institution who need to Transfer-In their SEVIS Record from another U.S. School to Princeton Theological Seminary
This transfer form is only for non-U.S. citizens who are currently studying in the U.S. in F-1 or J-1 visa status. You must submit the transfer form to your international student advisor at your current U.S. school and inform them of your intent to transfer to Princeton Theological Seminary. Your advisor must complete Section 2 on the transfer form and send it to Multicultural Relations per the instructions on the form. The advisor must also transfer your SEVIS record to Princeton Theological Seminary after you complete the program at your current U.S. school or finish your Optional Practical Training (F-1 students) or Academic Training (J-1 students).
Forms to be completed and submitted to Multicultural Relations: The Application for Visa Certificate and the F-1/J-1 Student SEVIS Transfer-In Form. Please printout these forms so that you may sign and date them to scan and forward back to Multicultural Relations by email to: [email protected]
IMPORTANT NOTE: The Seminary must issue the student an updated Form I-20 (F-1) during the 60 day grace period and before they depart the US for their home country. A transfer-in student must enter the US to begin the fall semester with their updated Form I-20 or DS-2019 containing their Princeton Seminary's degree program information.
If You Will Be Accompanied By Dependents:
If your dependents - spouse or unmarried children under 21 years of age - will accompany you to the U.S., you will need to provide Multicultural Relations with additional documentation showing that you have sufficient funding to meet your dependents' expenses as indicated in the International Student Declaration and Certificate of Finances Form and copies of their passport ID pages. A Form I-20 (F-2 visa) or DS-2019 (J-2 visa) will then be issued for each of your dependents which they will use to apply for the F-2/J-2 visa. You may request a Form I-20 or DS-2019 for your dependents at any time during your stay at the Seminary.
Please submit all required completed enrollment, financial, and visa documents to Multicultural Relations no later than Friday, April 21, 2016 to allow sufficient time to process your enrollment documentation and issue your visa documents. Please note that all students are to be in valid visa status by August 1, 2016.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Please return to the Entering Students Checklist webpage to complete all of the ten items listed that are required for your enrollment to be completed.
Upon arrival in the United States, all F-1 students and J-1 students and scholars new to the Princeton Theological Seminary or beginning programs in F or J status for the first time must report to Multicultural Relations in person to register their immigration status within 20 days from the program start date listed on the Form I-20 or Form DS-2019.
Upon arrival in the United States, all Transfer-In students must report to Multicultural Relations in person within 15 days from the program start date listed on the Form I-20 or DS-2019 to register their immigration status or you be considered a "no-show" and your SEVIS record will automatically be terminated.
Housing & Orientation
International Student Enrollment and Visa Forms to be completed and returned to the Office of Multicultural Relations:
A representative body of the Seminary community is committed to a culture that fosters awareness and inclusiveness where community members are empowered and committed to an inclusive agenda. SCID will create, collaborate with and support the development of innovative ideas and effective strategies to recruit and retain diverse students, staff, and faculty.
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The 36th annual Indoor Horseshoe League sponsored by Hannibal Parks & Recreation League starts Monday, Sept. 16.
Registration for the league continues through Sept. 3.
Games are played Mondays at the Admiral Coontz Recreation Center.
The cost is $40 for each two-person team and participants must register as a team. Registration forms can be picked up at the Hannibal Parks & Recreation Office, 320 Broadway.
More information is available from Aron Lee, email@example.com or (573) 221-0154.
Location, ST | website.com


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Community Calendar
Outdoor concert event featuring performances by Pauline Oliveros, Ione, David Rothenberg and musicians, Mikhail Horowitz and Gilles Malkine, Tony Levin, The Princes of Serendip (T. G. Vanini and Julie Parisi), Ryan Ross Smith & Torben Pastore, naturalist Spider Barbour, Leaf Miller, and others. Presented by Deep Listening Institute and the City of Kingston. Provide your own transportation or catch a trolley from the Trolley Museum.


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Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado teamed with Friends of the Dillon Ranger District and the U.S. Forest Service to construct a hiking and mountain biking trail in the Soda Creek Trail system near Keystone.
The two-day project began Saturday with 50 volunteers from Summit County and the Front Range and will continue through this afternoon.
The improvements include the construction of a turnpike to protect wetland areas and direct bike traffic.
A turnpike is an elevated path supported by logs and filled with rock and dirt. The 150-foot structure stretches across a section that has been "notoriously muddy for years," said Claudia Wiley, a trail technician for Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado.
"Our volunteers have been doing a great job with creating a focused effort on this trail," said Steve Wall, the seasonal projects manager for Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado. "They've been placing timbers, hauling rock and dirt to the trail - everyone is working really hard to get this project completed."
The Soda Creek mountain bike path will remain open through the construction, which concludes at 2 p.m. today. Mountain bikers are currently being directed around the construction area.
"We have been coming to this area for weeks to prepare for the construction of this work," Wiley said. "We designed this trail to appeal to the recreational uses - a lot of people use this trail for mountain biking so we've made it narrow with wide turns."
The trail is being constructed from the recommendation of the U.S. Forest Service. Creating a prominent, elevated trail should limit the different trails that mountain bikers create and protect the wetland area.
"This trail is elevated and allows water to run through without leaving a muddy trail," said Cindy Ebbert, from the recreation department of the Forest Service. "When areas tend to become very muddy, hikers and mountain bikers will create their own trails and that can be especially damaging to a wetland area."
The trail construction project, though hard work, offered many perks to its 50 volunteers who came from as far as Colorado Springs.
The weekend-long project, began Saturday morning and extend into this afternoon, providing all meals for volunteers as well as live musical entertainment by Randall McKinnon who played guitar for volunteers Saturday night.
"We try to make volunteer projects feasible for completion in a couple of days without strenuous effort because we want people to have a great experience," Wiley said. "Creating a fun environment and providing food and entertainment keeps our volunteer base strong, with many people returning each year."
Alongside the volunteer project, an environmental education program called the Young Stewards is teaching kids age 6-12 about outdoor stewardship.
"The best part of that program is that parents have a safe and educational environment for their children while they do volunteer work," said Andrea Sinor, marketing director for Volunteers of Outdoor Colorado. "At the same time, kids are learning about caring about the wild environment and seeing their parents in action with improvements."
Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado is a nonprofit volunteer organization that works with local entities like Friends of the Dillon Ranger District and the Forest Service to motivate and enable citizens to be active stewards of Colorado's natural resources. The organization organizes projects throughout the year involving hundreds of volunteers.
"Doing this kind of work is such a rush and there's a huge sense of accomplishment," Wiley said. "It's hard to compare being able to work towards improving the environment by building sensible trails while being outside and learning so much."