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The fourth annual Winter Gala hosted by the Barnett Realtors' Wings of Hope Committee to benefit Community Hospice is set for Feb. 1 at the Performing Arts Center at Kent State University at Tuscarawas.
The public is invited to the semiformal gala, which begins at 6:30 p.m. There will be light fare, live and silent auction items, raffles and drawings. The entertainment will conclude at 11:30 p.m.
Tickets are $35 each and can be purchased at the Barnett Inc. Realtors office at 310 W. High Ave., New Philadelphia, during business hours.
As in past years, the Wings of Hope Committee is raising funds to benefit the Community Hospice House in New Philadelphia, which serves families from Tuscarawas, Stark and Carroll counties.
The 2014 goal is to raise $40,000 for the construction of an outdoor pavilion on the house grounds for use by patients and their families.
"Since our first gala in 2011, I have felt complete joy with what we have accomplished on behalf of Community Hospice House," Kay Barnett said.
She added that several of those involved shared "a dream, not only to be a strong supporter of the American Cancer Society, but to become supporters of Community Hospice. To date with our Realtors, staff, volunteers and business acquaintances, we have raised over $60,000, completing financial commitments for a pediatric room and a guest suite.
"This year, we made a bolder commitment to raise funds for a much-needed pavilion. This will be used by Community Hospice for children's bereavement activities, support groups and outdoor experiences.
"Our Wings of Hope Committee extends their deepest appreciation for everyone who is helping with this upcoming event," Barnett said.
For more information about tickets or donations, call the Barnett Realtors office at 330-339-1196.
Location, ST | website.com


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Some 49ers fans were upset to hear that the team threw a party after their crushing Super Bowl loss.
Offensive lineman Joe Staley said Tuesday he attended to be with his teammates and because playing in a Super Bowl builds an appetite.
"Everybody was like, 'This would've been really cool if we won," Staley said. "But I mean, they threw it up, and I was really hungry and they had a lot of food there.
"We were there for a little bit. The vibe was pretty down. But we tried to have as much fun as we could."
Defensive lineman Ricky Jean-Francois said he was in no mood to party after the 34-31 loss to the Baltimore Ravens on Sunday, even though the entertainment included Snoop Lion, the rapper formerly known as Snoop Dogg.
"I didn't even attend the team party," said Jean-Francois, a Louisiana native. "I went to the French Quarter for a few minutes and to Jackson Square, sat there for a few minutes and just thought how great of a season we had, the emotional roller coaster, the blood sweat and tears that I broke with these guys.
"I just chilled with my family, and my family trying to cheer me up. But there ain't too many things in the world you could tell me that could cheer me up. The only think I got to do is look forward to this off season and hit the ground running again."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Irving v. Lipstadt
Defense Documents
David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial: Electronic Edition, by Richard J. EvansTable of Contents
|<< (D) Invention and manip...
|< (A) Misquotation and Sk...
|(F) False attribution o... >
|(J) Conclusion >>
(E) Use of unreliable evidence, suppression of reliable testimony, and invention: von Below and Schaub
1.Next, according to Irving, Hitler phoned Goebbels and 'tore the strips off him'. Irving continues his narrative:
According to Luftwaffe adjutant Nicolaus von Below, Hitler phoned Goebbels. 'What's going on?' he snapped, and: 'Find out!'
According to Julius Schaub, the most intimate of his aids, Hitler 'made a terrible scene with Goebbels's and left no doubt about the damage done abroad to Germany's name. He sent Schaub and his colleagues out into the streets to stop the looting (thus Schaub's postwar version).49
2. Irving had already given a similar description in his 1978 book on the prewar years of Nazi Germany, The War Path: 'He [Hitler] telephoned Goebbels and furiously demanded: "What's the game?" He sent out Schaub and other members of his staff to stop the looting and arson.'50
3. Julius Schaub was one of the longest-standing followers of Hitler, having first joined the Nazi party (NSDAP) in 1921 or 1922. Schaub took part in the failed putsch of November 1923, and served a prison sentence for his involvement with Hitler in Landsberg. From 1925 onwards, he served as Hitler's personal adjutant. By 1938, he had risen to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer in the SS. At this time, he was also in possession of various prestigious Nazi decorations, such as the Blutorden for his participation in the 1923 putsch. In his post-war testimony, Schaub exonerated Hitler from various crimes and portrayed Hitler as a peace-loving man. In his private circle, Schaub claimed, Hitler had cursed the war and 'was always for peace.'51 Clearly, Schaub must be regarded as a highly unreliable witness.
4. The source which Irving gives for Schaub's claims is: 'Schaub's unpubl. memoirs, in the author's collection (IfZ:ED.100/202)'.52 However, there is no reference to the pogrom on 9-10 November 1938 in this file in the Munich Institute of Contemporary History. Once more, Irving makes it difficult to verify his claims. Thus, the reference has to be located in another file.53 Also, it is very misleading to describe the notes in this file as 'unpublished memoirs'.54 In any case, Schaub's claims are completely undermined by other sources. Thus, the claim that Hitler was outraged at the pogrom and attempted 'to rescue what could still be rescued, and ordered that his people, his entourage, including Schaub, had to stop the looting immediately',55 is clearly proven to be a self-serving lie by Schaub to protect himself. For according to Goebbels's diary, Schaub was not trying to stop the violence but was actively involved in it:
The Shock-troop Hitler gets going immediately to clear things out in Munich. That then happens straight away. A synagogue is battered into a lump...The Shock-troop carries out frightful work...We go with Schaub to the Artists' Club, to await further reports. In Berlin 5, then 15 synagogues burn down. Now the people's anger is raging...Schaub is completely worked up. His old shock-troop past is waking up.56
5.This contemporary document - not mentioned by Irving - is clearly incompatible with Schaub's claims, which are also undermined by the evidence given after the war by von Below, another of Hitler's adjutants, which is used by Irving himself.
6. In his memoirs, von Below claims that he was in Hitler's apartment in the night of 9 November 1938. He reports that Hitler phoned Goebbels privately from his own living room, so that it would not have been possible for him or Schaub to have heard what was going on; certainly, von Below made no claim to have overheard Hitler's end of the conversation. Von Below states quite clearly that Hitler conducted his phone conversation with Goebbels 'on his own, from his living-room'.57 Irving generally regards von Below as a reliable witness, but clearly it is not in the interest of his argument to cite him on this point, and so he does not.
7. Typically, Irving gives no reference for his claims regarding von Below in Goebbels: Mastermind of the 'Third Reich'.. But it appears clear in this instance that rather than relying on the published, written memoirs of von Below, which so crassly contradict Irving's account of events, Irving's book relies instead on the interview its author conducted with von Below in 1968. Even here, however, Irving misrepresents and misreads his own transcript of what he claims von Below told him. After receiving details of the pogrom, von Below allegedly told Irving, Schaub passed on the news to Hitler. The transcript (with questions put to von Below by Irving in brackets) continues:
Then the police president of Munich, von Eberstein, was immediately summoned. Herr von Eberstein then appeared straight away in the Führer's apartment, he was also an SS-Obergruppenführer. He was now interrogated by Hitler. Then a telephone conversation took place between Hitler and Göbbels (sic) on the situation. (did he also stay in Munich?). I don't know. The people must all have been in Munich because of the 8/9 November. (What was Hitler's reaction to the first reports?) Well, "what's going on, please find out, I have to know what the game is." I had the impression that all of us, including Hitler himself, were all in the same basket, nobody knew anything....Then Hitler became angry and spoke very loudly to Eberstein...I heard this because the conversation took place between the door and the jamb. But what the situation was with the order to Göbbels (sic) or to Himmler for the rest of the Reich territory, I don't know.58
8. Regardless of whether this account by von Below is to be believed (and there are good reasons for disbelieving it), it is abundantly clear from it that Hitler's demand to be informed about what was going on was not made on the phone to Goebbels, as suggested by Irving, but as a reaction to being told initially of the pogrom by Schaub well before the phone conversation with Goebbels. Von Below also again makes clear that he did not listen in to or overhear the phone conversation between Goebbels and Hitler. Finally, there is no indication that Hitler 'snapped' any orders as Irving claims. What Irving says in his account of these events is not even borne out by his own interview transcript.
9. It is worth adding that in the Preface to his published memoirs, von Below took strong exception to Irving's claim that he had provided Irving with 'unpublished contemporary manuscripts and letters' and had checked through 'many pages' of Irving's manuscript. 'I remember, to be sure', von Below wrote, 'some visits by Irving, during which I answered his questions. But I must decidedly reject his more far-reaching claims as not corresponding to the truth.'59 Irving's own claims of what von Below said to him during their interview must in the light of all this be regarded with a considerable measure of distrust. On no account is Irving's claim that von Below actually approved of his depiction of the events of 9-10 November 1938 to be accepted.
10. The claim that Hitler made a 'terrible scene with Goebbels's and told him that he utterly condemned the pogrom is further disproved by contemporary documentation. Throughout Goebbels diary entry describing the events of 9-10 November 1938, Goebbels clearly revels in the destruction and violence. There is no indication whatsoever for any disapproval by Hitler regarding what was going on, even in the early morning of 10 November 1938: 'In Berlin 5, the 15 synagogues burn down. Now the people's anger rages. Nothing more can be done against it for the night. And I don't want to do anything either. Should be given free rein...As I drive to the hotel, windows shatter. Bravo! Bravo! The synagogues burn in all big cities. German property is not endangered.'60
11. This euphoric state of mind is hard to reconcile with Goebbels having just been informed by Hitler personally of his strong disapproval of the pogrom. Goebbels attitude that night is confirmed by the Supreme NSDAP Party Tribunal report of 13 February 1939. When Goebbels was phoned at around 2 in the morning on 10 November with the news that the first Jew had been killed in the pogrom, 'Party Comrade Goebbels answered to the effect that the man reporting it should not get upset because of one dead Jew, thousands of Jews would have to believe in it the coming days.'61
12. Clearly, these documents show that Irving's claim that Goebbels was told by Hitler personally in no uncertain terms of his total opposition to the pogrom, and that Hitler then sent Schaub and others to stop the arson and the looting, is entirely ficticious. Irving relies in his book on Julius Schaub's testimony, despite the fact that Schaub is a highly unreliable witness, despite the fact that Schaub's version is not (as Irving claims) backed up by von Below, and despite the fact that it is discredited by contemporary documentation. That Irving persists in using Schaub's testimony amounts to a wilful manipulation of the historical record.
49. Irving, Goebbels, p. 277.
50. Irving, The War Path (London, 1978), p. 165.
51. IfZ, ZS 137, Ministries Division, Research Section, no date; BA Berlin, Film 55270,Vernehmung von Julius Schaub, 7.12.1946; BA Berlin, BDC, Personalfile Julius Schaub; IfZ, ZS 137, Vernehmung von Julius Schaub durch Dr. Kempner, 12.3.1947. Schaub's claim was the Hitler war immer fuer Frieden'.
52. Irving, Goebbels, p. 613, note 46.
53. Ifz ED 100/203.
54. It is described in the file itself more aptly as 'Nachlaß Julius Schaub', which was collected by Irving and then donated to the Institut für Zeitgeschichte.The 'Nachlass' contains a very small number of photocopies of what appear to be handwritten notes by Schaub himself. The bulk of the files, however, consists of type-written notes and essays on various themes relating to the 'Third Reich'. Some appear to be written by Schaub himself (or typed directly from his notes), but it is clear that others were not written by Schaub himself. Rather, they are embellished accounts, possibly based on Schaub's original notes or interviews with him.
55. IfZ ED 100/203: 'zu retten, was noch zu retten war und ordnete an, dass einige Leute seiner Umgebung, darunter Schaub, die Plünderung sofort abzustoppen hätten'.
56. Der Stoßtrupp Hitler geht gleich los, um in München aufzuräumen. Das geschieht denn auch gleich. Eine Synagoge wird in Klump geschlagen... Der Stoßtrupp verrichtet fürchterliche Arbeit... Wir gehen mit Schaub in den Künstlerklub, um weitere Meldungen abzuwarten. In Berlin brennen 5, dann 15 Synagogen ab. Jetzt rast der Volkszorn... Schaub ist ganz in Fahrt. Seine alte Stoßtruppvergangenheit erwacht.' - E. Fröhlich (ed.), Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, Vol. 1/6 (Munich, 1998), pp. 180-181. The Stoßtrupp had been created in 1923 as a personal paramilitary bodyguard formation for Hitler; see W. Benz, H. Graml, H. Weiß (eds.), Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1997), p. 718.
57. Nicolaus von Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant (Mainz, 1980), p. 136.
58. Irving interview with von Below, 18 May 1968: folder 51(a). The German original reads: Dann wurde sofort der Polizeipräsident von München bestellt, v. Eberstein. Herr von Eberstein erschien dann gleich in der Führerwohnung, der war auch SS-Obergruppenführer. Er wurde nun von Hitler vernommen. Dann fand em Gespräch zwischen Hitler und Göbbels (sic) statt per Telefon über die Situation. (blieb der auch in München?) Weiss ich nicht. Die Leute waren wohl alle in München aufgrund des 8./9. November. (Was war Hitler seine Reaktion auf die ersten Nachrichten?) Also "was ist los, bitte feststellen, ich muss wissen, was gespielt wird". Ich hatte den Eindruck, dass wir alle und auch Hitler selber alle aus dem Muspott kamen, keiner wusste etwas... Dann wurde Hitler ärgerlich und hat recht laut mit Eberstein gesprochen... Das habe ich mitgehort, weil das Gespräch so zwischen Tür und Angel stattfand. Was aber hinsichtlich der Anordnung an Göbbels (sic) oder an Himmler fürs andere Reichsgebiet war, das weiss ich nicht.'
59. Von Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant,, pp. 10-11 and footnote.
60. 'In Berlin brennen 5, dann 15 Synagogen ab. Jetzt rast der Volkszorn. Man kann für die Nacht nichts mehr dagegen machen. Und ich will auch nichts machen. Laufen lassen... Als ich ins Hotel fahre, klirren die Fensterscheiben. Bravo! Bravo! In allen großen Städten brennen die Synagogen'; E. Fröhlich (ed.), Die Tagebüucher von Joseph Goebbels, Vol. I/6 (Munich, 1998), P. 181
61. Der Oberste Parteirichter an Hermann Göring, 13.2.1939; in Der Prozessgegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof, Vol. XXXII, ND 3063-PS.
|<< (D) Invention and manip...
|< (A) Misquotation and Sk...
|(F) False attribution o... >
|(J) Conclusion >>


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The city of Canandaigua's centennial celebration will end with New Year's Eve ice skating.
Admission to the Dec. 31 event at the Greater Canandaigua Civic Center — 250 N. Bloomfield Road — is free. Ice times are 12 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. and 2 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.
While the event and rental skates are free, the amount of rentals are limited, and participants are encouraged to bring their own skates. Tickets for the event are required and can be picked up in the city clerk's office at City Hall, 2 N. Main Street, or at Sweet Expressions, 169 S. Main St. Tickets are limited to 150 people for each time slot.
"We have had a wonderful 100th year celebration," Mayor Ellen Polimeni said in a statement. "So many members of our community participated through volunteering and attending events. This is a perfect way for the community to round out the year. "
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Randy Burnworth will take the bench as Washington County's Judge of the Common Pleas Court in January, according to final but unofficial results from Tuesday's 2012 general election.
Burnworth maintained an approximate 3 percent lead over challenger Mark Kerenyi throughout the evening, ending with a total of 12,597 votes over Kerenyi's 11,397.
"I'm honored that the voters chose me to represent them as judge, but I think the best thing is that we both ran positive, clean campaigns," Burnworth said. "We agreed to do that from the start and we did it."
Article Photos
SAM SHAWVER The Marietta Times
Randy Burnworth and wife Becca Johnson react to the news that Burnworth was elected as Washington County's Judge of the Common Pleas Court following Tuesday's general election at the county courthouse
He will take over the bench from current Judge Susan Boyer who retires on Dec. 31.
Kerenyi said he felt he made a good showing for his initial bid for public office.
"This was my first election, and we stayed hopefully optimistic all day," he said. "But I gave it my best shot. Win or lose I feel great about our campaign and am especially proud of our team."
Fact Box
At a glance
Final but unofficial results of the Washington County Judge of the Common Pleas Court race:
Randy Burnworth-12,597 votes; 52.5 percent.
Mark Kerenyi-11,397 votes; 47.5 percent.
Source: Washington County Board of Elections.
Boyer said she was pleased about how well the race was run by both candidates.
"I thought it was a really good, above-board and clean race," she said. "Negative campaigning is bad for the candidates, the election and the entire community."
Molly Varner, chairwoman of the Washington County Democratic Party, said she felt Burnworth's experience as a magistrate and mediator in the common pleas court over the last few years played a big part in his election.
"There's also a lot of name recognition for the Burnworth name," she said. "His dad was mayor of Marietta, and his mother had been county chair of the Democratic Party. And Randy has been personally involved and contributed to many efforts benefiting the community."
Kerenyi is the Magistrate of Washington County Court of Common Pleas Probate and Juvenile Division, and Burnworth is the Magistrate of Washington County Court of Common Pleas Domestic Relations.
Kerenyi said he will continue his work with Judge Tim Williams in the probate and juvenile division, but hasn't scrapped plans for another run for office in the future.
"This won't be my last race," he said.


text:
OAKLAND -- Eyebrows often get raised when Kelly Carlisle tells people she is a farmer in East Oakland. They tend to stand taller when they learn she is a Navy veteran.
But when people find out she has an invitation to one of the most exclusive food gatherings in the world -- Slow Food International's Terra Madre in Italy -- they're just impressed.
Officially, Carlisle will represent the Women's Farmer Veteran Network in Italy.
Unofficially, she will be representing the children who spend afternoons at Tassafaronga Park off 83rd Avenue tending beds of strawberries, okra, kale, basil, mint, squash and tomatoes.
The children are part of Acta Non Verba, a youth agriculture nonprofit Carlisle founded in 2010.
Growing up, Carlisle lived near Tassafaronga Park until her parents moved the family to Berkeley.
She served in the Navy between 2001 and 2005 and left the Navy Reserve in 2013, becoming one of California's 200,000 women veterans, a number second only to Texas in the nation.
The inspiration for Acta Non Verba began with headlines about the city's troubling rate of teen pregnancy, high-school dropouts and violence.
"They kept citing East Oakland as where these things were happening," she said.
Carlisle said she wanted to find a way for children to invest in themselves and have an adventure. She was also looking for something that would fulfill her after being laid off from a corporate job.
"I needed a mission to keep moving," she said.
They harvested the first crop in 2011.
Today, Emily Finkel, a production manager, oversees the garden and a team of teenage interns keeps the children busy.
"I want everybody to grab a trowel," Mikey Quintana, a 17-year-old intern from MetWest High School, told a trio of children standing over a planter box of soil.
He handed each a delicate nasturtium flower seedling to ease into the holes they had dug. The day before they had planted delicately tendrilled Kentucky pole beans.
The children sell the crops raised on the quarter-acre plot that is bordered by a recreation center, one-story bungalows, apartments and a church.
They don't earn much yet -- last year they made $764, but the money goes into a savings account.
The program was free the first year. Now families pay $50 a week with a discount for siblings. This summer, 2014, Acta Non Verba received 115 applications. "We're absolutely full," Carlisle said.
Getting the neighbors to buy the produce has been a harder sell. Carlisle had more success with monthly subscriptions (subscribers pay a monthly fee for a box of Acta Non Verba produce) and a food stand, which she wants to make mobile.
She's also in talks with the Oakland Unified School District to sell at the farmer markets on school sites.
Acta Non Verba is the slogan of the Merchant Marine Academy and means "deeds not words."
And the organization has been the recipients of good deeds.
Waste Management EarthCare donated soil. Economy Lumber gave Carlisle a discount on the redwood for the garden beds and the Ecology Center donated a wood-fired pizza oven. The greenhouses were made with materials provided by Soul Food Farm in Vacaville. And the Kassenhoff Growers nursery donated almost all the tomato seedlings.
Carlisle got the startup money she needed to buy a truck through a fellowship program run by the Farmer-Veteran Coalition, a national organization that supports aspiring agriculturalists who have served in the Armed Forces.
The coalition introduced her to the Women's Farmer Veteran Network, a critical step.
As a novice, Carlisle relies on the network of women for advice about everything from her business plan to marketing ideas and answers to questions about why the bees in the garden are buzzing outside the hive.
In October, nine of the women will travel as delegates to the Slow Food International Terra Madre conference in Turin, Italy, often described as the "Olympics of food." Two of the women are disabled veterans.
"They're great women with great vision," Carlisle said. Some of the women are combat veterans, others, like Carlisle are not. But all of them, she said, have "found some measure of salvation through agriculture."
Their mission in Italy will be peace promotion through agriculture. They're still collecting donations to pay their way.
"People have found their humanity and the humanity of others through growing food," Carlisle said. "Farming brought them closer to their true self."
When she leaves for Italy, Carlisle will be carrying something from the children: an heirloom tomato variety called the Berkeley Tie Dye.


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NEW: For a prettier blog interface, see the Wordpress version!
Headlines for Saturday:
Priorities - A: high, B: medium, C: low; Status - _: unfinished, X: finished, C: cancelled, P: pending, o: in progress, >: delegated. Covey quadrants - Q1 & Q3: urgent, Q1 & Q2: important
|@0900-1700 Torcamp! 460 Richmond St. W.
|@1800-1900 Torcamp refactored
|@1900-2100 Socializing at Torcamp?
1. Torcamp was awesome!
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I went to the self-organized TorCamp today, and it was totally awesome. I met so many people on the edge of innovation and entrepreneurship here. Way, way cool. =D
2. Disabling post comments
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Comment spam. Also, the fact that blogKomm code is really ugly.
You can still use the form at the bottom of each page to mail me your insights, which I eagerly await.
I'd love to hear about any questions, comments, suggestions or links that you might have. Your comments will not be posted on this website immediately, but will be e-mailed to me first. You can use this form to get in touch with me, or e-mail me at [email protected] .


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An explanation of how and when to apply for financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), as well as how we will notify you of your financial aid award.
Assessing your eligibility for federal, state, and institutional financial aid (Lesley University sponsored funding) begins with your submission of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to the U.S. Department of Education. After you complete the FAFSA, the university's Financial Aid Office will send you your Financial Aid award letter, or contact you regarding additional documentation that is required.
We recommend that you file the FAFSA when you apply for admission to the university, and for each subsequent year of your program to renew your eligibility. We are unable to award financial aid before you are accepted into a program; however, we will contact you if we need any documentation to complete your application. Submitting the FAFSA also authorizes Lesley University to disburse (credit) funds to you.
The U.S. Department of Education randomly selects about 30% of all students to complete a process known as "verification." Therefore, don't be concerned if you have been selected. After you complete the FAFSA, our Financial Aid Office will contact you for any additional verification documents that are required. We will contact you via your Lesley University email address, so please check this account regularly, or have it forwarded to an account you do check. Once you have been accepted, you can also log into your LOIS account to view a list of your required documents (under "My Documents").
Once we have received your completed FAFSA and other documents that we may have requested, we will notify you of your award.
The tentative award letter is an early estimate of your financial aid eligibility. If you filed the FAFSA early with estimated tax information, the aid offered on your tentative award letter may change based on your (or your parents') actual tax return. The closer your estimates are to the actual amounts on your tax return, the closer the tentative award will be to the final award.
The financial aid award letter is the official notification of your financial aid eligibility. The letter contains:
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text:
Demonstration of viral clearance is crucial for the recombinant proteins produced from mammalian cell culture. Size exclusion-based filtration is one of the methods for viral clearance valid for different types of mammalian viruses. In this study, the initial hydraulic performance of the virus filtration has enabled the development of a validation protocol and high-log reduction values (LRVs) for an appropriate panel of mammalian viruses (during spiking studies) with the desired throughput. This is essential to minimize the filter area, the cost of this unit operation, and to achieve a robust process. All of the four panel viruses (i.e., MuLV, PRV, Reo-3, and MVM) were evaluated during spiking studies. A high throughput of 1250 L/m 2 was obtained with a high flux because of low protein concentration. This was validated for a predefined throughput of 387 L/m 2 with high values of LRVs (>5) achieved resulting in the relatively small area of virus filter (0.04m 2 ) for a 50-L batch volume to be processed in 2 h. This study on a recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) demonstrates the use of virus filters to reduce the risk of contamination and provide a robust process of virus filtration.
Recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced using mammalian cell culture-based expression systems are required to demonstrate robust virus clearance during downstream purification to meet regulatory guidelines (1). The guidelines also indicate that the process steps identified to provide and/or claim virus clearance should be validated for their ability to clear virus.Membrane filtration, which is based on the principle of size exclusion, is often employed as one of the techniques for virus clearance in the downstream processing of cell-culture derived biotherapeutics. To determine the appropriate virus filter (type and size) for a particular feed stream, a hydraulic performance study is generally performed using a scaled down model. Such studies are typically performed with the relevant drug-feed material to determine the expected flow rate and throughput (2). After determination of the hydraulic performance, a virus validation study is carried out using a scaled down model. The virus validation study entails spiking an appropriate panel of mammalian viruses (typically four different viruses of different sizes, structure, and type) into the feed material and determining the virus clearance ability (expressed as log reduction value) of the filter for each virus. The validated throughput (litres/square meter), under the spiked condition, also stipulates the maximum design throughput for the virus filter in a manufacturing process. The work embodied in this paper represents the collaborative effort between Bharat Serums and Vaccines Ltd., India (R&D group) and Merck Millipore, India (Biomanufacturing Sciences Network Group) to develop and optimize the hydraulic performance of a virus filtration step. After initial development, efforts were carried out to establish the optimum flux and process throughput, and a good laboratory practice (GLP) virus validation (spiking) study was carried out at Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
Equipment setup for hydraulic performance


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Pictures can help make school days easier and learning fun. Taking and using pictures is a natural for the classroom
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The modern family vacation has changed – working parents no longer can take extended time away from their commitments. But don't worry the Bartlett Inn can truly provide the Affordable Family Vacation in NH. Whether you are heading out hiking, floating down the Saco, hitting some of the attractions like StoryLand and Attitash – we start you out with a Full Country Breakfast. Roll out of bed and dine on delicious, homemade country breakfast. This saves both time and money!!!
For you days activities we can make a number of cost effective suggestions. We offer StoryLand packages, Santa's Village and discounted passes to Attitash Mountain Coasters and Water Slides, and Wildcat Mountains Zip Line and Gondola Ride.
How to have an Affordable Family Friendly Vacation in New Hampshire additional ideas: When you stay at the Bartett Inn you are in Nature's Playground. Hiking trails, waterfalls, tubing down the Saco River – these don't cost a dime and can provide a life long memory for you and your family.
The Bartlett Inn offers Kitchenette's so you can make meals, snacks, or pack up lunches to save on dining costs and to help How to have an Affordable Family Friendly Vacation in New Hampshire. Bartlett has a full service Grocery Store and several great places to get a packed lunch – we are always happy to make a suggestion – we understand the family budget – so don't be afraid to ask. If mom needs a break we can offer some suggestions of where to dine that is family friendly and family budget affordable! We also have BBQ grills to make for an easy dinner outside surrounded by the beauty of the White Mountain National Forest and majestic pines. Our heated pool and playground will keep everyone busy with a firepit for after dinner for toasting marshmallows and making s'mores!
Ask about how to make your vacation as affordable as you can when you call us – 603 374 2353 – we understand and we are happy to help.
Bartlett Inn provides an Affordable Family Vacation by offering the following:
StoryLand Packages
Santa's Village Packages
Discounted Tickets to Attitash Mountain Coaster and Attitash Water Slides
Discounted Tickets to Wildcat Zip Line and Gondola
Discounted Tickets to Great Glen Trails for riding and bike rentals
Discounted Tickets to the Mt. Washington Auto Road
Discounted Tickets to Bretton Woods Zip lines and Canopy Tours
Discounted Moose Tour Packages
Discounted Golf Packages North Conway Golf Course,
That is right there is such a thing as an Affordable Family Friendly Vacation in NH – at the Bartlett Inn – we can show you how you can have a vacation on a Budget that will be wonderful for the entire family!


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Tips to buy WOW Gold and WOW Characters!
Duping in wow gold and wow characters trading is prevailing as regular as it does in real world. In fact, 50% of buyers & sellers are always looking for some awesome ways to scam you. It may sound scary but that is a fact and none can deny. To avoid such swindle you should be very particular in wow gold and wow characters trading.
Below are the tips to buy wow gold and wow characters, hook them with before getting into serious business of trading.
Tip 1:
You need to do pre-buying research to buy wow gold and wow characters. For that, you can ask your friends but make sure you don not rely on your friends who you made over wow game. Go through online forums & other online platforms and drop your query. Ask which place is best to buy wow gold and wow characters.
Tip 2:
Never buy gold in massive quality because it will result in investigation and then banning permanently. You should rather be patient in buying gold and lower down your huge quantity to amounts of 20k g per order.
Tip 3:
No matter how buddy-buddy you are with your world of warcraft wow game members, do not reveal that you are going to buy wow gold. Mishaps and trust breaking is not a news but quite functional in virtual world as well.
Tip 4:
Only buy gold and wow characters from reputed and credible wow selling website. Otherwise just NO.
Last but not least, be patient in wow gold and wow characters buying. It shall reap you fruitful results. Trust me.


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The holiday is named after two Christian martyrs, both named Valentine. The day became linked with 'love', when the custom of 'courting' flourished.
On this day, the exchange of 'love notes', also known as 'Valentines' is the most common practice, among other things.
Since the 19th century, handwritten notes were most commonly exchanged, rather then the modern day greeting card.
In Great Britain, the sending of Valentines was a fashion. Esther Howland developed a successful business in her Worcester, Massachusetts in 1847. He created hand-made Valentine cards based on British models.
As the popularity of the cards grew, so did the commercialization of the holiday, not only in Great Britain, but also in the United States.
The U.S. Greeting Card Association estimates that one billion valentines are sent each year worldwide, which makes Valentine's Day the second largest card-sending holiday of the year behind Christmas.
So Who Was St. Valentine?
There were many early Christian martyrs named Valentine. Until 1969, the Catholic Church formally recognized 11 Valentine's Days.
Valentine of Rome was a priest who suffered martyrdom and was buried on the Via Flaminia. His relics are at the Church of Saint Praxed in Rome, and at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland.
Valentine of Terni became bishop of Interamna around AD 197 and is said to have been killed during the persecution of Emperor Aurelian. He is also buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location than Valentine of Rome. His relics are at the Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni.
A third saint named Valentine was cited in early martyrologies under the date of February 14th. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, but nothing more is known about him.
Now, some sources say the Valentine linked to romance is Valentine of Rome, others say Valentine of Terni, while some scholars have concluded that the two were originally the same person.
Original early medieval biographies did not contain any romantic elements in relation to these martyrs. By the time a Saint Valentine became linked to romance in the 14th century, distinctions between Valentine of Rome and Valentine of Terni had vanished.
However, according to one myth, Valentine of Rome actually sent the first 'Valentine' greeting. It is believed that while in prison, Valentine fell in love with a young girl, who visited him during his imprisonment.
Allegedly, he wrote her a letter, before his death, which was signed, 'From your Valentine'. As you may recognize, that salutation is still used on Valentines today.
Despite the uncertainty behind the legend of St. Valentine, the stories paint a picture of a man that was kind, heroic, compassionate, and most notably, a romantic. By the Middle Ages, he was one of the most popular saints in Europe.
Some believe Valentine's Day is to honor and remember the anniversary of Valentine's death, while others believe Valentine's Day celebrations began because the Christian church wanted to counter the 'pagan' celebration called the Lupercalia festival.
February was the beginning of spring in ancient Rome, and therefore considered a time for cleansing.
Lupercalia, celebrated on February 15th, was a fertility festival devoted to the Roman god of agriculture, Faunus, along with Roman founders Romulus and Remus.
Declaration of Valentine's Day
Around 498 A.D., Pope Gelasius declared February 14th St. Valentine's Day.
As a common practice in ancient Rome, arranged marriages were also outlawed at this time, as they were deemed 'un-Christian'.
In France and England, during the Middle Ages, February 14th was commonly known for the start of birds' mating season. This idea only reiterated that the middle of February should be a day for romance.
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Company suspends search for missing oil platform worker
Published: Tuesday, November 20, 2012 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, November 20, 2012 at 11:15 p.m.
NEW ORLEANS -- A company suspended its search today for a maintenance crew member missing since the oil platform on which he was working caught fire Friday in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Jerome Malgapo, a worker from the Philippines, has been missing since the explosion on the platform, about 25 miles southeast of Grand Isle.
Houston-based Black Elk Energy, the platform's operator, issued this statement today:
"We will continue to remain focused on the victims and their families, including those injured in the incident. An official investigation is underway and we will continue to cooperate with all authorities as this process develops."
The body of Elroy Corporal, 42, was found over the weekend. Eleven people in all were sent to the hospital because of the incident. Four remain in serious condition with severe burns.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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We have been eating a lot of chickpeas lately. This passion began when we returned from Istanbul having devoured the most delicious chickpea dishes on the planet. The hummus there is silky and smooth and worth licking up. The lemon chickpea soups are refreshing and flavorful. I could go on.
All three of my children like chickpeas. As any parent can appreciate, unearthing a healthful food that pleases everyone is a big boon, so we embrace the chickpea. Hummus is a staple; we make it most weeks. Roasted chickpeas with sea salt and an array of spices are an easy snack. When I am stuck without a dinner plan, a can of chickpeas tossed with olive oil, chopped scallions and sea salt makes a great, protein-rich side dish to anything. Chickpeas lose some of their nutritional value when canned, so if you have the time, soak the dried beans overnight and then simmer for two to three hours.
A few facts about this legume:
- Chickpeas are high in fiber, iron, vitamins and antioxidants.
- 20 percent of the legume is protein, a percentage comparable to meat's.
- The Latin name for the word chickpea means "small ram" because the legume somewhat resembles a ram's head. Other names include garbanzo bean and Egyptian pea.
- A Chinese company is attempting to patent chickpea extract as a diabetes medicine because it is shown to lower triglycerides and cholesterol, improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar.
- In some cultures, dried chickpeas are ground as coffee because they have a similarly nutty flavor.
I told my boys that chickpeas are eaten as dessert in some countries, which is true, but they didn't take the bait. Maybe your kids will?
Seidenberg is co-founder of Nourish Schools, a D.C.-based nutrition education company. Look for her posts on the On Parenting blog: washingtonpost.com/onparenting


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United Way of McPherson County is working to build a stronger community by addressing issues related to health, education and income. We believe conversations and intensive listening are the best ways to understand the real problems and move beyond short-term solutions. Community change can be accomplished through broad participation and collaboration. We encourage McPherson County residents to be involved with their community through giving, advocating and volunteering. By working together we can make a larger impact on the issues at hand.
Another school year is about to begin and my mind turns to school lunches. My daughter enjoys taking a sack lunch on most days. I appreciate the opportunity to encourage her to consider healthy choices and to eat in moderation. And my pocketbook certainly appreciates her daily meals.
My son on the other hand doesn't think it's cool to eat a sack lunch and, now that he's beginning high school, I'm certain there's no way he will leave the house with a lunch box in hand! Last year his daily lunch choices consisted of chicken nuggets, French fries and a chocolate chip cookie – a difficult fact for his health-crazed mother to accept.
This year I plan to offset his unhealthy lunch choices with quick fix-it breakfast options. How about a bowl of oatmeal with honey and almonds? Would you like a berry yogurt smoothie? Let's try one of those homemade cereal bars! Or why don't you grab a banana on your way out the door? Here, put this box of granola bars in your locker for a snack between classes.
Yes, those are just some of the phrases that will soon bounce off my kitchen walls.


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The Douglas County Sheriff's Office is seeking the public's help in identifying two men who beat and robbed an unarmed man outside a Stateline casino earlier this month.
About 9:45 p.m. Nov. 10, the two suspects were speaking with the victim outside the casino when they suddenly jumped and beat him, punching and kicking him repeatedly after he fell to the ground, according to a statement from the sheriff's office.
One of the suspects then took the man's wallet before both ran away. The suspects were last seen running behind the casino to the southwest, according to the statement.
Both suspects appear to be light-skinned Hispanics or white, between 18 and 25 years old, of medium height, of medium build, with short dark-colored hair.
Douglas County Secret Witness is offering a reward of $1,000 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the suspects.
Deputies ask anyone with information regarding this incident to call investigator Slater at 775-586-7255 or Douglas County Secret Witness at 775-782-7463.


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Music Photos
Dallas fans go crazy as Jonas Brothers rock their hometown crowd
Photo: Jason Janik/Special Contributor
The Jonas Brothers performed Tuesday night at Gexa Energy Pavilion.
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Wednesday's letters: Lack of credibility
Published: Wednesday, November 13, 2013 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, November 12, 2013 at 3:50 p.m.
To the editor: The fiasco involving the Affordable Care Act has damaged the presidents credibility. Whereas previously we only suspected he was being untruthful about other scandals Fast and Furious, the IRS, Benghazi, the Syrian red line, Solyndra, support for Israel, etc. we are now, unfortunately, sure of it.
Our economy is in shambles, phony numbers notwithstanding. This is not a coincidence but is a consequence of the ineptitude at the top. Recently, the president averred that increasing the debt limit doesnt increase our debt one dime. For the benefit of the low information voters among us, he omitted, ... until we spend a dime more than our current debt limit.
Our feckless foreign policy, affecting the security of our nation, has been characterized by ridicule and contempt. In the Middle East, the fuse has been lit. Saudi Arabia has rebuked us openly and is now seeking more reliable alliances. Egypt is adrift. Syrian rebels include al-Qaida factions. Iraq has become an Iranian satellite. Israel is on its own and may be forced to initiate its own defense with global implications.
Our country is divided as never before. Until now, much of that divide has been between the believers and the nonbelievers. Maybe now that will improve.
Garet Romeo
Not the facts
To the editor: Fox News host Anna Kooiman reported on Oct. 5, President Obama offered to keep the International Museum of Muslim Cultures open with cash from his own pocket. You would think any responsible news organization might fact-check a parody from The National Report, a known parody news site previously reporting headlines like, Jesus Christ boycotts Hobby Lobby, before reporting this lie on Fox and Friends.
On Oct. 18, Sean Hannity interviewed six average Americans, highlighting the pain of the Obamacare train wreck and stating, These are stories that the media refuses to cover. Eric Stern, a Salon.com reporter, followed up telephone interviews with Hannitys guests and confirmed that all of their claims were false, which explains why the mainstream media refused to cover them.
Wouldnt it be a refreshing change if Fox News factually reported specific areas of the Affordable Care Act that should be improved rather than continue its legacy of facts wont hinder us in its quest to smear Obama? Its policy and practice does explain why so many otherwise intelligent citizens, using Fox as their sole news source, continue repeating so many lies about the Affordable Care Act and our president.
Gary Crider
Math problem
To the editor: There has been a great deal of news coverage lately about education funding levels in North Carolina. On Nov. 4, a number of teachers protested what they view as low funding levels for education in general and low teacher salaries in particular.
According to the National Education Association, teacher salaries in North Carolina for the 2011-12 school year averaged $46,700 (not bad for nine months work). The National Center for Education Statistics reports that average class size in North Carolina is 19. Additionally, the U.S. Census says that average spending in North Carolina per pupil in 2012 was $8,300.
So I have a math problem that I would like to ask our teachers and education administrators to help me solve: If we taxpayers are providing $157,700 per classroom ($8,300 x 19), and the teacher gets paid $46,700, where is the remaining $111,000 per classroom being spent? I would have expected most of the money to be spent in the classroom teaching our children.
I know it has been some time since I have sat in a math class, so I am hoping someone can enlighten me.
John McGuire
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Budhyzer 17696 wrote:Discgo wrote:I can't wait to see 17 cleaned at the tournament. I almost lost my disc there when I played tuesday. Thank goodness we had a spotter (Wildcat Crew at work) or my disc would be going up in smoke right about now.
I have a feeling we'll be finding a few discs on #17 as we are making small starter piles in the middle and then, once burning, feeding them with branches we pull down from the big piles on either side of the fairway. Discs should be popping up as we disassemble those piles.
15 is ready to burn. 16 looks good on the right. 17 has 1 burn done and a few to go. I plan to do the top side between 16 pins and 17 fairway tomorrow morning.


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Warriors guard Stephen Curry was named to the All-NBA second team Wednesday, marking the first All-NBA selection of his career.
Curry had the most votes of any player on the second team and barely missed out joining the first team that consisted of Houston's James Harden, the Los Angeles Clippers' Chris Paul, Oklahoma City's Kevin Durant, Miami's LeBron James and Chicago's Joakim Noah.
Curry was joined on the second team by the Clippers' Blake Griffin, Minnesota's Kevin Love, Houston's Dwight Howard and San Antonio's Tony Parker.
Curry, 26, appeared on 123 of the 125 ballots, receiving 65 first-team votes, 53 second-team votes and five third-team votes from the panel of sportswriters and broadcasters. New Warriors coach Steve Kerr, the former TNT broadcaster, was among those to give Curry a second-team vote.
Curry's fifth season in the NBA was highlighted by being voted in as a starter in the All-Star game. He led the NBA with 261 made 3-pointers and averaged career highs of 24 points and 8.5 assists.
The Warriors, after seeing David Lee make the All-NBA third team last season, have their first All-NBA players in consecutive seasons since Tim Hardaway was voted third team in 1992-93 and Latrell Sprewell was a first-team selection in 1993-94.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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|Paul Ryan
Irish American Congressman Paul Ryan is a brave pick by Mitt Romney. It makes the election a contest about ideas, the "get government off my back crowd" against the "government is needed to keep our social and economic fabric together" group.
Romney could have run on just attacking Obama's evident economic failures but he saw that policy was not working. He was seven points down in a CNN poll as late as Thursday of this week.
Instead he has picked a man who was once accused -- by a Republican columnist Charles Krauthammer --- of "writing the longest suicide note in history" when he unveiled a controversial budget plan that slashed social security, medicare and medicaid. Ryan has also been attacked by the Conference of Catholic Bishops for proposed cuts to the poorest in society. The Wall Street Journal will love this choice, just a few days ago they were trumpeting Ryan and daring Romney to pick him.
Romney showed a surprising gamblers instinct by doing so. It will be a fascinating clash of ideas in the Fall, not least when Ryan and fellow Irish American Joe Biden square off.
I met Congressman Paul Ryan at an Irish Embassy event in Washington a few years back. He was new to Congress at the time but nonetheless, impressed with his quick mind and clear focus on the future.
He looks the part, strikingly tall and handsome. He is a young man in a hurry at age 42, irrespective of how Romney does, he is now the likely leading figure for the GOP for a younger generation.
He fears his family history, deaths by heart attacks before 60 have become a tragic constant in his family's medical background. He himself found his own father, then in his mid fifties, dead in his bed and it inspired him to enter politics and try and make a difference.
His Irish roots go back to his great-grandfather's arrival in Janesville, Wisconsin a riverside town. It is a town of about 65,000 people dominated by three families, the Ryans, Fitzgeralds and Cullens, known as the Irish mafia. When Ryan had his first run for office at age 28, 14 years ago, a political advertisement showed him walking through the graveyard where his immigrant ancestors lay.
The Ryans were literally the road builders and Ryan Inc, started by his immigrant great grandfather, is now a national construction company. Ryan's side of the family went into law, however, and no longer have anything to do with the building business.
Paul Ryan grew up in an extended Irish family with eight other Ryan households within shouting distance of his very impressive home which has six bedroons and eight bathrooms and is on the National Register of Historic Places -- doubly so now.
He is popular and accesible to the media almost to a fault.
"The key to understanding me is really simple," he said.
"I am not trying to be anybody other than who I actually am," he told the New Yorker in a recent profile and journalists who cover him do find that to be the case.
He has summed up his own political philosophy thus: "Only by taking responsibility for oneself, to the greatest extent possible, can one ever be free," he wrote, "and only a free person can make responsible choices—between right and wrong, saving and spending, giving or taking."
It was clear for some weeks as his campaign foundered that Mitt Romney needed a game changer VP pick - and party leaders and the Wall Street journal think the has found the man.
U.S. Representative Paul Ryan could, they had argued, make a persuasive vice presidential pick thanks to what he himself calls the "checklist."
"I check a series of boxes," the Wisconsin Republican reminded the media in 2008. "Young guy. Economics guy. From a swing state. Catholic."
It could be the magic political formula that Romney is seeking to bolster the public's perception of him as a rather uninspiring and dull candidate. Thanks to the controversial budgets that Ryan persuaded House Republicans to pass in 2011 and 2012, he's become a national figure and something of a star of the hard right.
Romney understood that magic allure when he asked Ryan to campaign with him for five days in Wisconsin this spring.


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8.4-6 Breach of the Peace in the Second Degree -- § 53a-181 (a) (5)
Revised to December 1, 2007
The defendant is charged [in count __] with breach of the peace in the second degree. The statute defining this offense reads in pertinent as follows:
a person is guilty of breach of the peace when, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, such person in a public place, uses abusive or obscene language or makes an obscene gesture.
For you to find the defendant guilty of this charge, the state must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Element 1 - Intent
The first element is that the defendant
acted with the intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm. The predominant intent must be to cause what a reasonable person operating under contemporary community standards would consider a disturbance to or impediment of a lawful activity, a deep feeling of vexation or provocation, or a feeling of anxiety prompted by threatened danger or harm. <See Intent: Specific, Instruction 2.3-1.>
recklessly created a risk of causing inconvenience, annoyance or alarm. A person acts "recklessly" with respect to a result or circumstances when (he/she) is aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result will occur or that such circumstances exist. <See Recklessness, Instruction 2.3-4.>
The words "inconvenience, annoyance or alarm" refer to what a reasonable person operating under contemporary community standards would consider a disturbance to or impediment of a lawful activity, a deep feeling of vexation or provocation, or a feeling of anxiety prompted by threatened danger or harm.1
Element 2 - Abusive or obscene
language or gesture
The second element is that the defendant used abusive or obscene language or made an obscene gesture. The alleged language used or the obscene gesture made must be overheard or seen by others.
Language is "abusive" if it is so coarse and insulting as to create a substantial risk of provoking violence. The state must prove that the defendant's language had a substantial tendency to provoke violent retaliation or other wrongful conduct. The words used must be "fighting words," which is speech that has a direct tendency to cause imminent acts of violence or portends violence. Such speech must be of such a nature that it is likely to provoke the average person to retaliation.2
To be obscene, language or gestures must, under contemporary community standards, be so grossly offensive to members of the public who actually overhear the language or who see the gesture, as to amount to a serious annoyance. It must be in a significant way erotic and must appeal to prurient interest in sex or portray sex in a patently offensive way.3
Element 3 - Public Place
The third element is that the conduct took place in a public place. "Public place" means any area that is used or held out for use by the public whether owned or operated by public or private interests.4
In summary, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant 1) (intended to cause / recklessly created a risk of causing) inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm, 2) <describe conduct>, and 3) it was in a public place.
If you unanimously find that the state
has proved beyond a reasonable doubt each of the elements of the crime of breach
of peace in the second degree, then you shall find the defendant guilty. On the
other hand, if you unanimously find that the state has failed to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt any of the elements, you shall then find the defendant not
1 The Supreme Court applied this interpretive gloss to the mens rea language of the disorderly conduct statute in State v. Indrisano, 228 Conn. 795, 810-811 (1994). In State v. Wolff, 237 Conn. 633, 670 (1996), the Court applied it to the breach of peace statute. See the discussion of intent in the Introduction to this section.
2 See State v. Szymkiewicz, 237 Conn. 613, 620-24 (1996); State v. Gaymon, 96 Conn. App. 244, 248, cert. denied, 280 Conn. 906 (2006).
3 See State v. Anonymous, 34 Conn. Sup. 575, 577 (App. Sess. 1977).
Defined in § 53a-180aa (b).


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A potential tropical system entering the Gulf of Mexico this weekend is a reminder to be prepared in the event of a hurricane.
The American Red Cross is usually one of the first agencies on the scene to a disaster. It's also preparing and is in need of volunteers.
Volunteers can work behind a desk or be out in the field helping victims.
The Red Cross prepares itself in two ways, materials needed to respond and volunteers who do the responding.
"We do feel like we're prepared," said Gordon Stewart, readiness and response manager. "We do have a lot of volunteers. Particularly, they're in leadership roles. However, we do need more volunteers in the event we go into response mode."
Since the Red Cross responds to everything from a house fire to hurricanes and tornadoes, there are just as many roles for volunteers when a disaster happens. In order to volunteer with the Red Cross though, you must be trained.
"There's always a big need for volunteers, but they need the training so that they will know what to do, how to respond when we do go out on a disaster," said Donna Harrison, disaster service coordinator. "And we can volunteer either locally, or we can volunteer all over the United States, or even all over the world."
The Red Cross also wants you to be prepared to weather any disaster.
"Make sure that they have their disaster kit ready," said Stewart. "They have enough food and water for at least three days, essential medications to last 7 days, extra cash on hand, gas up their vehicles, and take care of any other needs they might have in an emergency situation."
Also in your emergency supply kit, if you have pets, you are going to want to remember their supplies as well. And take along a camera to take photos of any damage that may happen to your property.
You can help out the victims of future disasters like hurricanes, in this area, by donating to the local chapter of the Red Cross. For more information, call 601-485-5151.


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how long was your labor?
how big was your baby?
would you do it agian?
Water broke at 8:am baby born next day at 2:41 am
Contractions didn't start till 11:00 am the previous day so I count labor from there: so about 16 hours
LO: 8.lbs and 15.7 oz
do it again: I am scared to birth another baby ntural. I recovered so fast and BFing was easy so I am very tempted to go natural but damn it hurt.


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JAN 16, 2013 - TV Guide
A Must Read - Share
NCIS surged to its second-biggest audience ever Tuesday.The CBS hit snagged 22.3 million viewers and a 3.8 in the adults 18-to-49 demographic, up 9 percent from last week. The audience falls just shy of the 22.8 million mark the show set for a Season 8 episode two years ago. Lead-outs NCIS: Los Angeles (17.5 million, 2.7) and Vegas (11 million, 1.6) were down and even, respectively.Winter TV Preview: Must-see new showsNBC took second behind CBS, with Go On (4.3 million, 1.7) rebounding ...
Read More >
Other Links From TVGuide.com
NCISPrivate PracticeNCIS: Los AngelesParenthoodHappy
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text: Listing Price: $575,000 Location: Pershing County, Nevada Acreage: 5,080 Deeded Acres Property Description This 5,080 acre bulk land sale offering is comprised of a portion of land that once belonged to the Railroad at the turn of the century. The Railroad owned over a million acres in the State of Nevada. Most of the land formed a checkerboard pattern of alternating full sections. The alternating sections were railroad land and BLM land and extended 20 miles along both sides of the originalrailroad … [Read more...]


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Packaging solution drives shipping efficiency, sustainability
August 02, 2012 - MMH Editorial
Behr is a global leader and manufacturer of climate control and engine cooling systems. Headquartered in Germany and with offices in Troy, Mich., Behr employs 17,400 people at 36 production locations and 17 R&D centers around the world.
From compact cars to small vans to heavy-duty commercial vehicles, Behr has mastered the range and offers complete thermal management. What Behr hadn't mastered was the most efficient shipping solution for its parts.
The company was looking for a bulk packaging solution for new front and rear HVAC packs for a semi-trailer truck launch for one of its customers, a global leader in truck manufacturing. Behr wanted a more efficient and sustainable solution. Using a proven approach to plastics innovations, the supplier (ORBIS Corp., orbiscorporation.com) analyzed Behr's systems, designed a solution, and executed a reusable packaging program for longer-term cost savings and sustainability efficiencies.
The bulk packaging units were outfitted with dunnage sets to protect parts during shipment. Dunnage was affixed to the bottom of the bin and coated with polyurea coating for added durability and enhanced product protection.
When parts arrive at Behr's customer's plant and are removed for assembly, the empty dunnage fits into the storage space at the bottom of the bin, so the bin can fully collapse, and dunnage can be stored and returned for future use. And, to maintain the product's integrity, all bins include plastic corrugated dust covers with straps to reduce risk of dust and debris from getting into the parts.
Since implementing the new packaging solution, Behr has reduced waste and has experienced a number of other improvements. "We were able to identify a bulk packaging solution with collapsible bins that eliminated tooling costs associated with thermoformed packaging we used in the past," says Joe Wallace, packaging engineer for Behr.
The company also realized reduced product damage in transit and improved cube utilization. According to Wallace, "Optimizing the number of parts per bin and bins per truck, Behr is shipping more product in fewer truck shipments, and better part density means saving on freight and packaging costs."


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- Text Size:
- ASmall Text
- AMedium Text
- ALarge Text
The possibility of budget sequestration -- automatic spending cuts at the federal level -- has the Department of Transportation preparing for reductions that would likely affect airport operations in Louisiana and Mississippi.
Among the changes under consideration: furloughs for many of the 47,000 employees working for the Federal Aviation Administration; elimination of overnight shifts at 60 facilities; and closure of more than 100 air traffic control facilities.
The latter move will almost certainly apply to some centers in Louisiana and Mississippi.
On Friday, the Department of Transportation identified sites it would consider closing. The list identifies five air traffic facilities in Louisiana and seven in Mississippi.
Locations close to New Orleans include Lakefront Airport, and Stennis International Airport in Bay St. Louis. Neither of those airports is used for traditional commercial travel.
Airports in Monroe, Lake Charles, and Shreveport are listed, as well. There is no mention of plans that would close facilities at Armstrong International Airport or Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport.
Officials noted that the scope and details of any closures are still being assessed. Any furloughs and shut-downs would begin to take effect in April, they said.


text:
Got a song for Wayne:
Wayne the Insane loves the little children,
All the children in his van.
Red and yellow, black and white,
He will fu(k them all tonight,
Wayne the Insane loves the little children in thier butts.
Artist: Wayne the Insane
Song Name: The Follower (Props to PJB & Seldom Seen!)
Album: Hey kids, I got something in my front pocket for you
Vote Rcarter in 2014 Because if we all work together we can all hate everybody


text:
rogerfederer.com - Roger in quarters in Wimbledon
Navigation with Access Keys
- [Alt + 0] - Startseite
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Roger in quarters in Wimbledon
Roger has reached the quarterfinals in Wimbledon by easily defeating Jürgen Melzer (ATP 16) 6-3, 6-2, 6-3 in today's match on Centre Court. The one-sided victory in just one hour and 24 minutes secures Roger his 25th consecutive Grand Slam quarter-final appearance.
Roger, who had never faced Melzer at senior level before, produced his full array of wonderful touches and rock-solid serving on Centre Court in sharp contrast to his stuttering performances in the opening two rounds.
Roger dropped his opening service game but that was about the only slip-up from our champ from the rest of the match. Another break followed soon after as Roger took advantage of some hesitant play from the Austrian. He secured an early break of serve in the third and Melzer failed to fashion even a solitary chance of his own as the defending champion breezed into the quarter finals.
Roger: "It was always going to be a tough match against Jürgen. The start of the match was vital. I got the early break but he broke back but I was in my rhythm. It was great to have two days off but that doesn't make the difference if you are going to win the tournament."
Roger will either face Tomas Berdych (ATP 13), or Germany's unseeded Daniel Brands (ATP 98) in the last eight.
as he hids them


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Puma Tergament Sport Slip-On Men's Casual Shoes
Buy Online & Pick Up In-Store
The Puma Tergament Sport Slip-On Men's Casual Shoes pack a lot of speedster sensibility into your wardrobe. The aerodynamic, slip-on design has a bold racing stripe and smooth leather construction for look that's at home on the track and when you're out with friends. The Puma shoes are great for everyday, and a subtle Puma logo completes the sport inspired design.


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Savoy House 7510-BN Brownstone Semi-Flush Ceiling Fixture
Offer Ends
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
Technical Specs
|Bulb Base
|Medium (E26)
|Bulb Type
|Compact Fluorescent, Incandescent
|Energy Star
|Finish Application
|Light Direction
|Down Lighting
|Number of Bulbs
|Suggested Room Fit
|Watts Per Bulb
- Two light ceiling fixture
- Featuring ribbed faux alabaster glass
- Requires two 60w medium base lamps
- Width: 13 inches
- Height: 6.75 inches
Additional Savoy House Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Savoy House Products
- Shop All Savoy House Semi Flush Collection Products
Our SKU: 7510
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Brownstone*
- Satin Nickel*
- White*
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
6 Questions from the Community
The canopy measures 5" in diameter.
how wide is the plate
A. The canopy measures 5" in diameter.
This item measures 13"w
What is the diameter of the glass ?
A. This item measures 13"w
The Savoy House 7510 is not recommended to be used in a bathroom.
Can this light be used in the bathroom?
A. The Savoy House 7510 is not recommended to be used in a bathroom.
The Savoy House 7510 height is 6.75".
What is the height, e.g. how far from the ceiling to the point?
A. The Savoy House 7510 height is 6.75".
Thank you for your question! This is not recommended for the bathroom, it is for a hallway application.
could I install this in a bath above a roman tub?
A. Thank you for your question! This is not recommended for the bathroom, it is for a hallway application.
The Savoy House 7510 shade has a depth of roughly 1.75".
What is the depth of the bowl on the glass, i.e. the depth from the rim to deepest part of bowl?
The Savoy House 7510 shade has a depth of roughly 1.75".
Product Reviews
Savoy House Semi Flush Collection
Other Products In The Savoy House Semi Flush Collection
Savoy House 6-9344-1
School House 1 Light Semi Flush Mount Ceiling Fixture$98.00-$98.00(6)
Savoy House KP-6-508-3
Semi-Flush Ceiling Fixture from the Liberty Collection$90.00-$90.00(1)
Savoy House KP-SS-111-3
Semi-Flush Ceiling Fixture from the Polar Collection$154.00-$154.00
Savoy House KP-6-507-2
Semi-Flush Ceiling Fixture from the Liberty Collection$84.00-$84.00(1)
Savoy House 6-751-3
Grenada 3 Light Semi Flush with Cream Textured Shade$498.00-$498.00(1)
Warranty Info
Savoy House Product Warranty
All products in the Savoy House catalogs are warranted to be free of defects in material and workmanship for one (1) year from the date of purchase. This warranty is limited to the correction of any such defect, or the replacement of any such defective item, provided that: (a) we are properly notified and consent to the return of the item(s) in question; (b) the items(s) is/are returned with proof of purchase date; and (c) it is found upon inspection by us that the items(s) is/are defective as noted above.
This warranty does not cover labor costs, consequential damages, nor does it apply to any item(s) that have been improperly installed, overloaded, altered, or otherwise abused by the customer, its agent(s) or employee(s). Finishes are specifically excluded from the terms of this warranty since they are subject to environmental and maintenance damages beyond our control.
Other than the described obligation, we assume no further liability with respect to the sale or use of our products. We make no warranty, express or implied, and disclaim any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Savoy House ceiling fans are excluded from this warranty as they have a separate warranty which is available upon request.
Ceiling Fan Warranty
Savoy House Fans have a limited lifetime warranty on the motor and a one-year warranty on all other parts. Glass is excluded from warranty on all fans. If all terms and conditions of this warranty are met, Savoy House will repair at our option, or replace at no charge any defective part. This warranty does not apply to damage due to improper installation, neglect, or exposure to extreme heat or humidity. If the warranty covers the repair, you will receive an authorization code and label for return. Do not return prior to notification.


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killedbysharks wrote: anybody who thinks grand buffet sucks needs to stop taking themselves so seriously. Just have some fun. I would think that was funny as hell if i saw them kicking eachother and rolling on the ground. I went to a show where sage started rolling on the ground too...and it was funny. I wish Grand Buffet would play in my living room every day. fun times
Olle wrote: the funny thing was the kids didn't even fucking realize that everybody was laughing at them.
Quote: Gift of Gab was horrendous and his two dumb sidekicks were the most wannabe hip hoppers iv'e ever witnessed


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Fibres, polymers, composites and textiles
Research into fibres, polymers, composites and textiles is carried out as part of the Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre (AFFRIC), which is a $103 million initiative supported by the Victorian and Australian governments. AFFRIC is a collaboration between Deakin University, CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering and the Victorian Centre for Advanced Materials Manufacturing (VCAMM).
Our facilities include Carbon Nexus – a $34 million, pilot-scale carbon fibre research facility for industry.
IFM is leading a new Future Fibres Industrial Transformation Research Hub with total funding of $8.7 million. The hub, which includes several industry partners, will accelerate the transformation of Australia's manufacturing industry to a vibrant future fibre-oriented sector.
Our Research
Carbon fibre and composites
- Development of new rapid cure processes for automotive components
- Reducing the cost of carbon fibre precursors
- Improving the performance of carbon fibre
Functional fibrous materials
- Research into novel coating technologies leading to development of durable, functional fibres and fabrics
Green natural fibres
- Water and energy saving technologies for processing natural fibres (e.g. wool, cotton, hemp)
- Biomedical applications of natural fibre structures (e.g. silk powder and silk nanofibres)
- Bio-mimicking of natural fibre structures (e.g. wild silk cocoon) to develop functional materials and lightweight structures
- Novel, unique functions and applications of nanofibres, e.g. advanced ait filters and face masks; biomedical applications; sound absorbing and noise shielding products
- New nanofibre production and assembly technologies
- Advanced electrospinning technologies
- Synthesis, processing and characterisation of new polymeric materials
- Advanced thermosets for high-performance coating, adhesives and composites
- Polymer blends, composites and nanocomposites
- Biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications
- Green processing of natural polymers
- Rubber and plastics recycling


text: This one is for the little guys! You've wandered into my Juniors section where you can find golf clubs, golf bags, golf complete sets and more, all specifically designed for juniors. With the same brand names that my older Rock Heads use like Nike, Cleveland, AMF and more, you know you're getting a quality item. And since you're at The Cave, you know you're getting an AWESOME price! -Scratch the Caveman


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Udi Dahan's Advanced Distributed Systems Design with SOA courseTopics covered at DISTRIBUTED-SOA-01-05
Would you like to learn how to take the pain out of designing large-scale distributed systems? Want to design robust, scalable and flexible systems whilst avoiding costly mistakes?
Join Udi Dahan for this extremely popular (and intensive) course on modern architecture design practices for distributed systems with SOA.
New technologies make it easier to comply with today's communications and security standards, but they won't magically provide you with a robust and scalable system.
Join Udi for a course packed with the wisdom of companies like SUN, Amazon and eBay.
Tried-and-true theories and fallacies will be shown, helping you to avoid costly mistakes. Communications patterns like publish/subscribe and correlated one-way request/response will be demonstrated, in conjunction with advanced object-oriented state management practices for long-running workflows.
If you enjoy deep architectural discussion, if you are in charge of building a large-scale distributed system, and if you want to know more about how the big guys run their systems, then sign up now for the opportunity to spend 5 days with Udi and gain the advanced skills you need to design Distributed Systems with SOA!
Learn how to:
- Avoid common pitfalls in distributed systems
- Use loosely coupled messaging communication
- Identify and allocate business logic to services
- Decompose services into layers, tiers, assemblies, and processes
- Design for service management and monitoring in production environments
What the community says
""Having followed Udi's blog and other writings for a number of years I attended Udi's two day course on 'Loosely Coupled Messaging with NServiceBus' at SkillsMatter, London. I would strongly recommend this course to anyone with an interest in how to develop IT systems which provide immediate and future fitness for purpose. An influential and innovative thought leader and practitioner in his field, Udi demonstrates and shares a phenomenally in depth knowledge that proves his position as one of the premier experts in his field globally. The course has enhanced my knowledge and skills in ways that I am able to immediately apply to provide benefits to my employer. Additionally though I will be able to build upon what I learned in my 2 days with Udi and have no doubt that it will only enhance my future career. I cannot recommend Udi, and his courses, highly enough.""Neil Robbins, Brit Insurance
"Udi clearly knows this inside and out and is an excellent teacher. I'm only daunted due to learning so much!"November 2014 Attendee on 25th Nov 2014
"Fantastic course, really gets inside your head and challenges you to justify all decisions/point of view. I (un)learned so much!"October 2014 attendee on 25th Nov 2014
"Really can't fault this - excellent course that told me exactly what I wanted to know. "October 2014 attendee on 25th Nov 2014
Distributed Systems Theory
Decades of distributed systems development have taught us many lessons. In this module we'll cover many historical mistakes as well as proven best practices for scalable and robust design.
Topics include:
- 8 fallacies of distributed systems
- Transactions
Coupling: Platform, Temporal, & Spatial
Loose coupling has become the watchword of complex systems development, yet few understand its multiple dimensions. In this module we'll be covering the three different dimensions of coupling as well as patterns for dealing with them.
- Platform Coupling: XML/SOAP
- Temporal Coupling: Synchronous/Asynchronous
- Spatial Coupling: Endpoints/Topics
Asynchronous Messaging Patterns
Although scalability is achieved through the use of asynchronous message passing, more advanced message exchange patterns are required to handle today's complex integration scenarios.
This module will cover the most commonly used patterns:
- One way
- Correlated Request/Response
- Publish/Subscribe
Bus & Broker Architectural Styles
Enterprise Service Buses are all the rage these days. In this module we'll be covering what's the difference between the Bus architectural style, and the more well-known Broker, found commonly in many EAI projects.
Topics will include:
- Architectural advantages and disadvantages
- Technological advantages and disadvantages
SOA Building Blocks
One of the goals of SOA is to develop systems which are more closely aligned with Business. In this module we'll be covering an analysis methodology from moving from the business domain to executable systems that comply with all the principles of loose-coupling.
- Business Services
- Business Components
- Autonomous components & Queues
Scalability and Flexibility
In order to enable agility, services must be able to scale up, out, and down quickly. In this module we'll see how autonomous components can be configured including transactional and durable aspects of message handling.
- Configuring autonomous components
- Scaling up and out
Long running processes
The distributed communications patterns would not be complete without a discussion on orchestration. In this module we'll see how to manage the state of long-running distributed communication flows as well as:
- Encapsulating process logic
- Advantages & disadvantages of orchestration
Service / Autonomous Component Solution Structure
As developers go to implement autonomous components, guidance is required as to which concepts need to implemented in which project, what dependencies are there between projects, and how to bridge the worlds of messaging, business logic and reporting.
Topics include:
- Messages + Handlers
- Databases
Service Layer – Domain Model Interaction
Logic-rich services require the use of advanced techniques for logic componentisation. The Domain Model Pattern enforces a high level of Separation of Concerns, yet it must eventually be connected with Service Layer code that supports many concurrent users.
In this module, the topics covered will include:
- Domain Model introduction
- Testing Domain Models
- Optimistic, Pessimistic, and Realistic Concurrency Models
Module 10: Creating High-Performance Domain Models The strong separation between the Domain Model and the database which stores and retrieves its data may enable a high level of testability, yet often causes performance problems.
In this module, we'll see the various aspects impacting the performance of persistence:
- Transactions and Isolation Levels
- Lazy Loading, Eager Fetching
- Databases Tips & Tricks
Module 11: Web Services and User Interfaces
The ease of interacting with users over the web drives the need for service to UI interactions. Also, many integrations require exposing synchronous web services to customers. In this module, we'll see what is required in both cases:
- ASP.NET 2.0 Asynchronous Tasks
- Rich Internet Applications and Services
- Web Services for integration
Module 12: Case Study
This course will wrap up with an enterprise case study that draws upon all lessons showing students how all the patterns and principles work together in a solution.
Each day will end with a general discussion, review and wrap up.
If you are a Developer or Architect and you want to learn how to to take the pain out of designing large-scale distributed systems that are robust, scalable and flexible, then this Advanced Distributed Systems Design with SOA workshop is definitely for you!
To benefit from this course on Advanced Distributed Systems Design with SOA, you should have some experience in developing complex software systems and a basic understanding of object-oriented design and rudimentary UML.
You'll enjoy this workshop even more if you have prior experience with large scale application development involving object modeling and web services, but this is not essential.


text:
Be compliant, efficient and ready for action
Public sector organizations face increasing pressure to protect data and systems as intrusions and attacks become more sophisticated and aggressive. Mobile workers, cloud computing and the ubiquity of social networking make the cybersecurity challenge for public sector more complex as strict regulations, laws and policies mount, and budgets shrink.
With comprehensive and flexible solutions, HP can help your organization protect what matters. Find out how.
As the public sector is responsible for protecting and improving lives – national defense, military and civil servants worldwide – security of data, systems and facilities is of the utmost importance. HP Security for Public Sector illustrates the breadth and depth of HP's security capabilities to specifically meet the exacting standards of defense, governments at all levels and other public sector and critical infrastructure organizations and support improvements in their cybersecurity posture. New features include
© Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


text:
J.Lo joked about CBS's now-infamous wardrobe memo, but Katy Perry openly defied it — and some took notice.
Some more than others.
Ellen DeGeneres, for instance, wasn't at all shy about grabbing an eyeful of Perry's mint-green Gucci gown — specifically its deep decolletage — to the point that she had to be led away by wife Portia de Rossi.
Some other things may have happened at the Grammys lat night, but after staring so intently at Perry's Teenage Dream, the subsequent solar retinopathy made it impossible to tell.
[photos via Getty]


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3.10-1 Product Liability
Revised to March 23, 2012
Note: The following charge applies to the most common type of product liability action, one in which a tool or machine is claimed to be defective. This charge is not appropriate in cases in which the claimed defect concerns a product about which the ordinary consumer would have no basis for having any expectations about the item, for instance, complex machinery not encountered in the everyday experience of consumers. See Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 241 Conn. 199, 222 (1997). If there is a factual issue whether the defendant is "engaged in the business of selling such products," (§ 52-572m (a)), you will need to charge in more detail on that topic.
In the interest of avoiding unnecessary confusion, the language concerning bailments may be omitted if no such issue is presented in the case.
The plaintiff claims that the defendant is liable to (him/her) under the Connecticut Product Liability Act. [<optional:> That Act is a statute enacted by the General Assembly. It provides that those who put defective products into the stream of commerce shall be liable to people who suffer injuries or damages resulting from those defective products. To be "liable" means to be required to pay compensation to an injured party.] In order to prove a claim under the Connecticut Product Liability Act, the plaintiff must prove all of the following things:
the defendant was a "product seller," within the terms of the statute;
the product was defective in the way claimed by the plaintiff;
the defect existed at the time the product left the defendant, and the
product was expected to reach the user without substantial change in condition and did reach the user without
substantial change in condition as to the feature claimed to be a defect; and
the defect proximately caused injury or damage to the plaintiff.
A person or entity is a "product seller" if, as a manufacturer, wholesaler, distributor
or retailer, it is (in the business of selling or leasing/gives a bailment of) the product, whether the sale is for use
by the buyer or for resale to another. If the other elements of a product liability claim are proved, a product
seller is liable to any person who is injured by the product, not just to the person to whom it originally sold
the product.
<Select one of the following, depending on allegations:>
There is no dispute that the defendant (manufactured/sold) the
<identify product> at issue in this case.
There is a dispute whether the defendant was a product seller
with regard to the product that the plaintiff claims caused (him/her) to suffer injuries and loss. You must consider
all of the evidence on this issue and decide whether this defendant has or has not been proved to be a "product
seller" with regard to the product at issue. A "product seller" is any person or entity, including a manufacturer,
wholesaler, distributor or retailer who is engaged in the business of selling such products whether the sale is for
resale or for use or consumption. More than one entity may be a "product seller" with regard to the same item. If
the defendant has been shown to be a product seller, then the defendant may be held liable to the plaintiff if
(he/she) has proved the other elements of (his/her) claim under the Product Liability Act. If not, the defendant
is not liable under the Connecticut Product Liability Act.
of a Defect
The condition that the plaintiff claims is a product defect is
<identify alleged defect>.
In order to prove that the product was defective, the plaintiff must prove that the condition that is claimed to be a
defect made the product unreasonably dangerous. A product is unreasonably dangerous if, at the time of sale, it is
defective to an extent beyond that which would be contemplated by the ordinary consumer.
The plaintiff claims, in effect, that an ordinary consumer would expect
<explain plaintiff's position>. In order to decide this issue of the expectations of a reasonable consumer,
you should consider <discuss the way the defect is claimed to have caused the injury>. If you find that an
ordinary consumer would expect <the plaintiff's position> and that the product did not meet the expectations that
the ordinary consumer would have in this regard, then the plaintiff has proven the existence of a product defect.
If an ordinary consumer would not expect <the plaintiff's position>, then the plaintiff has not proved that the
design or feature at issue constituted a product defect.
A product seller, under Connecticut law, is not in the position of guaranteeing
that no one will ever be injured while using its product, and a product seller is not liable for injuries simply because
those injuries occurred during the use of its product.
Absence of
Substantial Change
The plaintiff must also prove that the feature or condition that is claimed to
be a defect, or to make the product defective, existed at the time that the product left the defendant, that the product
was expected to reach the user without substantial change in condition as to the feature claimed to be a defect, and
that the product in fact reached the ultimate user without substantial modification.
<Select one of the following, depending on the
In this case, there is no dispute that the product reached the user in the same condition in which it had left the seller.
<Insert Product Liability - Alteration or Modification, Instruction 3.10-6>.
In addition to proving the other elements, the plaintiff must also show that the defect proximately caused the injury or loss.
<Insert appropriate
instructions on proximate cause; see
Proximate Cause,
Instruction 3.1-3 and Proximate
Cause - Substantial Factor, Instruction 3.1-4.>
General Statutes §§ 52-572m, 52-572p;
Wagner v. Clark Equipment Co., 243 Conn. 168 (1997);
Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 241 Conn. 199 (1997).
In cases involving a claimed defect of a product about which the ordinary
consumer would not have a basis for having any expectations, this charge, which incorporates the ordinary consumer
expectation test, may not be appropriate. In Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 241 Conn. 199 (1997), the Supreme
Court explained that "instructions based on the ordinary consumer expectation test would not be appropriate when, as
a matter of law, there is insufficient evidence to support a jury verdict under that test. . . . In such circumstances,
the jury should be instructed solely on the modified consumer expectation test . . . ." (Citation omitted.) Id., 222-23.
The court explained that "the jury should engage in the risk-utility balancing required by our modified consumer expectation
test when the particular facts do not reasonably permit the inference that the product did not meet the safety expectations
of the ordinary consumer." Id., 222. "[U]nder this modified formulation, the consumer expectation test would establish
the product's risks and utility, and the inquiry would then be whether a reasonable consumer would consider the product
design unreasonably dangerous." Id., 220-21. "[T]he relevant factors that a jury may consider [under the modified
consumer expectation test] include, but are not limited to, the usefulness of the product, the likelihood and severity
of the danger posed by the design, the feasibility of an alternative design, the financial cost of an improved design,
the ability to reduce the product's danger without impairing its usefulness or making it too expensive, and the feasibility
of spreading the loss by increasing the product's price." (Emphasis in original.) Id., 221.
The court further explained that "it is the function of the trial court to determine whether an instruction based on the
ordinary consumer expectation test or the modified consumer expectation test, or both, is appropriate in light of the evidence
presented. In making this determination, the trial court must ascertain whether, under each test, there is sufficient evidence
as a matter of law to warrant the respective instruction." Id., 223.
It is hard to envision a court giving both instructions.
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