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If you're an experienced administrator, you've probably used SSH to remotely access a troublesome box or your personal computer. For those who don't know: SSH it's a great way to fiddle with a computer from miles away as if you were sitting at its keyboard, but it's also just about the simplest and most secure way to configure your computer to let you access its files from anywhere. You can use SSH on nearly every operating system to transfer files to and from your computer over the internet or a LAN.
Is SSH for more than commands?
SSH is traditionally used to give you remote access to a computer's shell (command line terminal). Earlier protocols in this vein, such as
telnet and
rlogin, did not encrypt their traffic or take other security precautions that are necessary with untrusted networks like the internet. Depending upon the exact server, protocol, and configuration you use, SSH may be the most secure way to access a computer over a network.
If you're a typical user, however, you may never need to access the command line—or even graphical applications—on a remote computer. Even so, SSH will still be useful in sending your latest batch of photos home from your hotel, retrieving the latest version of a report left sitting on your desktop, or for any other situation requiring a file transfer.
If you'd like to get more in depth, you can use it to load or edit a spreadsheet on another computer or keep documents synchronized between machines. If you've seen an experienced user work his magic with SSH, all of this may seem rather complicated. I assure you, though, that setting up an SSH server on GNU/Linux or another Unix-like operating system—and even Microsoft Windows—is as simple as installing any other software, and accessing your server from another machine running nearly any OS is even easier.
Setting up an SSH server is as simple as installing any other software, and accessing your server from another machine is even easier
Installing the server
The SSH protocol has been around for a while and several server packages have sprung up around it. The choice is a bit simpler than KDE vs GNOME, though, because almost everyone you meet will recommend OpenSSH. It's tried, true, secure, free software developed by the OpenBSD project but made available for nearly every operating system under the sun.
If you're using a Unix-like system such as GNU/Linux, installation really is as simple as for any other software. If your distribution has a package management utility, OpenSSH is undoubtedly available from it. In Debian and Ubuntu, it's listed as "
openssh-server". If you normally have to install software from source, you can get the code from the OpenSSH website.
Unfortunately, things are a bit more complicated if you use Windows. You will need to use some software called Cygwin to emulate the GNU/Linux platform on your Windows box. If you are already familiar with Cygwin, you can install OpenSSH as a native package.
Wait, though! If you don't use Cygwin already—wouldn't you know it—someone has gone and made the whole process just as easy. The OpenSSH for Windows project has combined OpenSSH with only the absolutely necessary components of Cygwin, rolled it all up into a ball, and released it as free software on Sourceforge. Download and double click the "binary installer" as you would any other Windows setup package.
Some minor tweaking, if desired
Below, I will explore some of the configuration options of OpenSSH. Odds are your distribution has your server setup more or less like this by default, so you may safely skip this section and refer back later on if you experience problems.
OpenSSH for Windows users must also depart from the article here, as configuration on that platform works a little differently. You can refer to the README file, accessible from
Start→All Programs→OpenSSH for Windows for configuration instructions. In particular, make sure to setup user passwords using the simple instructions in the readme.
For those continuing on, OpenSSH configuration can easily be done by editing a configuration file (never as scary as it sounds). On most systems, this file will be located at
/etc/ssh/sshd_config. Open this file as the root user using your favorite text editor and you will find that your distribution has supplied a long template configuration file.
OpenSSH has a broad range of configuration options that can have serious effects on the security of your system. I will trust that the default settings provided by your distribution are sensible and focus on changing the configuration to serve the specific requirements of file transfer.
You could debate whether a password is more secure than other methods of authentication, but it is undeniably convenient
Password authentication
First, you can configure the SSH server to authenticate users with a password. You could debate whether a password is more secure than other methods of authentication, but it is very convenient when trying to access your machine from an arbitrary remote location where you might not have access to anything but your memory. Make sure the following line is set in your configuration file:
PasswordAuthentication yes
Remember that any line in the configuration file beginning with
# is a comment, so delete the hash mark if you want to activate the line.
Allowed users
Next, you may want to assure that you are the only user who can access your computer through SSH. By default, anyone with an account on your computer may be configured to login with OpenSSH. By specifying your user, you can control which files can be accessed remotely, as only the files to which your user has permissions will be accessible. Put the following line in your configuration file:
AllowUsers [my user]
Now only
[my user] will be able to log in, using his regular account password. You can do a lot with host and user restrictions with SSH, but this should be enough for our purposes.
Don't forget to restart!
You will need to restart the SSH server before these changes to the configuration file take effect. The following command (as root) will work on most Unix-like systems:
/etc/init.d/ssh restart
ssh in the above command may be replaced by, for instance,
sshd, depending upon your distribution. You can use your shell's tab-complete feature to guess at the right syntax. If you're having a really hard time entering this command, you could just restart your computer—but that shouldn't be necessary.
To access the server you have just configured, you will need to know the exact address of your system. If you don't have a domain name configured, just use your IP address. Of course, depending upon your internet service provider, this address could change periodically and you may need to use a dynamic DNS service to make a stable URL.
If you are accessing the machine within a LAN, check your router's configuration for the address of each machine. If you are dialing into a LAN, make sure the standard SSH port (22) is being forwarded to the machine.
Down to business: trading files
There are a lot of SSH clients out there available for nearly every platform imaginable. I'm going to take a wild guess and assume that the majority of you Free Software Magazine readers are using GNOME, KDE, or Windows at home or at work. Below, I'll walk you through graphical clients that were made for each of these three platforms and a command-line client that will work almost everywhere else.
The old standby: scp
OpenSSH is distributed with scp, a command line tool for transferring files between computers with very simple syntax. Of course, unlike FTP, scp file transfers are tunneled through SSH encrypted, and are secure out of the box. The GUI programs discussed below are mostly front ends to scp and you should, by all means, use them if they are available. If you can't get your hands on them though, or if you just want a better understanding of how the file transfers operate, read on about scp.
The syntax of a simple single file transfer with scp is very concise:
scp [source file location] [target file location]
You can make either the source or target location remote and the other local. The syntax for the remote location should include the user name to authenticate as on that machine, and should be formatted as follows:
[user]@[address]:[remote directory]
For example, examine the command used to transfer a file from the
Documents directory of my local computer onto the desktop of my laptop over my LAN:
scp /home/nathan/Documents/Document.txt [email protected]:/home/sanders/Desktop/
When executing this command, you will be prompted for the password of the user on the remote machine. If it is the first time you are accessing the machine, you may be asked to verify its RSA host key—it is safe to respond in the affirmative.
The scp tool has many advanced features to limit bandwidth usage, specify particular SSH configurations, copy directories recursively, and more. For a concise listing of these features, consult the scp manual by entering the command
man scp.
GNOME: using Nautilus with remote files
You may not have realized it, but GNOME's default file manager Nautilus ships with capabilities for accessing remote hosts via several different protocols, including SSH, through an easy-to-use dialog.
Open the dialog in Nautilus from
File→Connect to Server. Select SSH from the "Service Type" menu and fill in the Server field with the appropriate information. You will be prompted for a username and password. Once entered, a Nautilus window displaying the root directory of the remote machine will be presented.
Once you have an open Nautilus window to your remote PC, you can play with its files just as you would local ones. You can even open multiple remote servers through multiple protocols and drag & drop files between them.
Once you have an open Nautilus window to your remote PC, you can play with its files just as you would local ones
You may find that certain remote files will not open correctly when clicked in Nautilus. This is because only certain GNOME applications support accessing remote servers. In problematic cases, you may simply copy the file to a local directory before attempting to open it. You can, of course, copy the changed file back over to the remote server when you are done.
gedit is one application that does support remote servers, so if you click on a text file in Nautilus (and gedit is your default editor) you should be again prompted for the remote user name and password and then presented with the document. Changes made with gedit will be saved directly to the remote server.
KDE: learning how to fish
KDE users may access remote servers in a manner similar to Nautilus in GNOME. In Konqueror, open
Go→Network Folders to be taken to the
remote:/ URL. From there, you can add a remote SSH server with the "Add a Network Folder" link. You will be prompted to choose a protocol, name the remote location, and enter details about the server.
You may specify a specific directory on the remote server if you wish. The remote location will then be forever accessible as a shortcut from
remote:/ and can be bookmarked or accessed from other KDE applications as normal. You will be prompted for a password each time you access the server.
When you add a remote location this way, you are be guided through setting up a link using KDE's fish KIO-slave. KIO lets you use simple URLs to access remote directories in KDE applications. Each "slave" supports a different protocol—fish works with SSH. As with GNOME, some programs will refuse to access remote servers, but most KDE 3.5 applications will play nicely.
You can skip the Add a Network Folder wizard and construct your fish URLs directly without too much difficulty. Use the following format:
fish://[server address]:[port]/[remote directory]
You will be prompted for a username and password upon accessing the URL. Although this prompt is important for security, there may be times when it is inconvenient. For instance, you may want to configure an application to load a remote file upon launch, in which case you wouldn't want to be bothered with a password prompt. Use the following format to avoid having to input anything interactively:
fish://[user]:[password]@[server address]:[port]/[remote directory]
Of course, your password is now stored in that application's configuration file. At the very least, you may want to make sure the file's permissions are set to allow read access only to you.
You can do a lot of fun things with network transparency and fish. Right click on a file in Konqueror and select
Actions→Print to directly print files from remote machines without having to set up a print server. Some KDE media players will allow you to play music and videos directly from a remote server, but limitations in the KDE 3 KIO system mean you may not be able to seek through the files (fast forward or rewind). Experiment with your own favorite KDE applications to see the extent of what you can do with fish.
Windows: less integration, but just as much fun with WinSCP
Microsoft has not embraced SSH to the extent that the major free software desktop environments have, but you can still perform typical file transferring tasks with SSH from a Windows box using third party clients. Several Windows scp clients exist, but I will focus on WinSCP, a popular, simple, and free tool. WinSCP 4.0 (currently in beta) includes support for FTP, but I will explore the 3.x series and its SSH functionality only. Download the standalone executable or installation file for WinSCP 3.8.2.
WinSCP's GUI can look like either a complicated Windows Explorer window or the old Norton Commander two-pane interface, depending upon your preference. You may also select Icon, List, and Details views as you would in Explorer. Either way, navigating within directories works as in other file managers and you can drag & drop files around as you please.
WinSCP has some advanced features for synchronizing remote directories and managing remote server sessions that will not be addressed here. You may also execute commands on files on the remote server using the
File→Custom Commands menu. WinSCP's Preferences dialog is filled with dozens of settings to configure the way it uses the SSH protocol.
While WinSCP is definitely less integrated than the GNOME and KDE solutions discussed, the developers have made a valiant effort to establish their application's functionality within Explorer. Upon installation, or from the Preferences dialog, you may register WinSCP to handle SSH protocol addresses and add WinSCP to Explorer's context menus. There are also options for integrating WinSCP with the PuTTY Windows SSH client.
Don't stop there!
You have just been introduced to a very limited set of features made possible by the SSH protocol. I think you will find that configuring an OpenSSH server for transferring files is easier than setting up an NFS, SAMBA, or FTP server—achieving a level of security comparable to what an encrypted SSH session can provide. If you find yourself in agreement and using SSH regularly, explore some of its other uses.
You will find that configuring an OpenSSH server for transferring files is easier than setting up an NFS, SAMBA, or FTP server
With just a little bit more reading, you could learn how to execute commands on your remote server or tunnel arbitrary network tasks through the secure piping of SSH. The web is filled with tutorials for these common SSH tasks.
Read Free Software Magazine issue 20 (the next issue!) to learn how to run GUI GNU/Linux applications remotely on a Microsoft Windows host.
Great article!
Love it! Informative, easy-to-use, and includes instructions for KDE as well as Gnome! Looking forward to the next article.
Andrew Min
Nautilus is annoying
Thanks for a nice article!
I find going through Nautilus annoying since, at least in my environment, it defaults to the root, rather than my home directory. For those needing a GUI frontend in Gtk+ that doesn't involve digging for your $HOME, I'd suggest looking at gFTP,
FOSS SFTP frontends on Mac OS X include Fugu,
http://rsug.itd.umich.edu/software/fugu/ and Cyberduck
Also, being a GPL SFTP client on Windows, I think FileZilla,
http://filezilla.sourceforge.net/, deserves to be mentioned.
nautilus secondary, gnomevfs primary
the benefit to ssh-gnome integration (gnomevfs) is not necessarily nautilus supporting ssh, but most (all?) gnome applications supporting ssh.
correct me if i'm wrong (it might have been smb, not ssh, that i recently exercised, but i've done something similar with ssh-access under gnome), but recently my wife needed to edit a document (not a plain text file) on a remote server with openoffice. it just worked. later we needed to open a remote file with a non-gnome application which required copying the file locally with nautilus, editing it, and copying it back. my wife didn't care for the multi-step process.
so yeah, though nautilus might not be the best ssh/sftp/scp client, it's just the tip of the gnomevfs iceberg.
(btw, to be desktop-agnostic, kde w/ kio slaves is smiliar, if not identical.)
ssh, windows, cygwin
first, "openssh for windows" appears to be unmaintained with no releases since 2004 and with a statement claiming such on http://www.openssh.com/windows.html. i don't recommend unmaintained security software. that page lists an alternative: copSSH. not that i care much for cygwin, especially application-specific cygwin installations, as it was (is?) troublesome (cygwin applications interact poorly with cmd, native applications interact poorly with bash, different versions of cygwin dll conflict with one another due to versioning of shared memory, etc) and slower than native. granted, my experience is dated (2004), but was extensive at the time, and i finally gave up in frustration and decided "when in rome, do as the romans".
second, i never found ssh to be that useful on windows. most (all) meaningful windows applications require a gui which means rdp. for administration, windows is nearly impossible to interactively administrate without the control panel and mmc. just about every windows application installer assumes a gui, too. yes, there are ways to administrate and install without a gui, but if you are "in bed" that much with windows, you're probably using wsus, login scripts, psexec, etc. for file transfers? never had that big of a need as i usually tunnel to a linux box and get it by way of that machine (port forwarding vnc and/or rdp, remote x-windows file manager, or just smbfs).
thirdly, "run GUI GNU/Linux applications remotely on a Microsoft Windows host"? xming?
Really an easy-to-use, good article!
Thanks so much ...
That's too much work!
This is an overly complicated process that can be solved with two small, simple, and free programs:
1) Simon Tatham's PuTTY (http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/)
2) FileZilla (http://filezilla-project.org/)
FileZilla has some notable features (quoted here from their site):
* Easy to use
* Supports FTP, FTP over SSL/TLS (FTPS) and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
* Cross-platform. Runs on Windows, Linux, *BSD, OSX and more
* Available in many languages
* Supports resume and transfer of large files >4GB
* Powerful Site Manager and transfer queue
* Drag & drop support
* Configurable Speed limits
* Filename filters
* Network configuration wizard
My organization manages over 8000 machines and have found FileZilla so useful and simple, we have replaced the aging WS_FTP with it in our base image. PuTTY is also part of our base image. Why? Because it's free, simple and versatile. If you like command lines, then it also has utilities to work from the command line, especially for SCP.
As I stated in the subject line, this article is too much work for the benefit. Use easier, supported solutions.
work? windows was brief
overly complicated process? solved with two small, simple, and free programs?
you seemed to have forgotten about the server? half of the article (1.5 pages) was about configuring sshd, but without that "work" and "complicated process" your clients are useless.
and the rest of the article was about linux: openssh's scp, gnome's nautilus, and kde's konqueror. oh yeah, there was an itty-bitty bit about windows (which you are definitely coming from with comments about putty & ws_ftp).
so the relatively small mention of windows support, really only winscp, is "too much work" and part of "an overly complicated process"? yeah, introducing TWO applications (filezilla & putty) is so much easier and simpler than just one (winscp).
anyways, i think the article is laid out well and progresses logically:
- intro
- sshd configuration (because ssh requires a server and configuration is important for security)
- scp (the original, basic, & default file client for ssh)
- nautilus (gnome integration)
- konqueror (kde integration)
- winscp (windows-specific client)
i may question the utility of sshd on windows, but that's a very small part of the article, and i wouldn't make general comments about the whole article based on that one paragraph.
no need for gnome vfs or kde proprietary filesystem wrapper paths. fuse is in the kernel, and sshfs is in my apt tree on ubuntu.
% sudo apt-get install sshfs
% sshfs server: ~/remote
will mount your home directory on server under ~/remote on the local machine, using only the sftp server on the remote end.
SSH commands for memory and cpu ?
Hello Nathan and Hello World,
I'm new to ssh and want to ask you a question:
I have signed up for a dedicated server.
Now I want to check if the memory really is 2 GB
and that the cpu really is a pentium 4 and not a celeron.
Do you know the ssh commands for that?
Maybe diskspace and bandwidth can be checked also?
CuteFTP Pro seems to handle ssh: www.globalscape.com
It should be debian, similar to freeBSD installed on an apache server.
Thanks a lot,
assuming it's a linux
assuming it's a linux machine, log on your server and run these commands:
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/meminfo
df -h
checking bandwidth would be tricky, but you can keep an eye on
cat /proc/net/dev
to monitor how much data is going through your network interface...
Linux GUI tool for SSH
Shameless plug ... Linux users looking for a GUI tool to manage their SSH connections should check out SSHMenu: http://sshmenu.sourceforge.net/
personally i can't imagine my daily work without ssh
and let's not forget about beautiful multimedia streaming over ssh with elegant commands like:
ssh xoxota cat /data/1/mp3/ChicoBuarque/O_Grande_Circo_Mistico/08-Ciranda_da_bailarina.mp3 | mpg321 -
( where i log on my remote machine "xoxota", and execute a "cat" of a file, piping it to the mp3 player "mpg321" running locally on my laptop )


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From Conservapedia
SALT II was another treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union following SALT I. It was signed by Jimmy Carter in 1979. In a victory for conservatives, on December 20, 1979 the Democratic-controlled Senate Armed Services Committee voted 10-0 against ratifying the treaty. This lopsided vote (with seven abstentions) declared that SALT II was "not in the national security interests of the United States." The U.S. Senate thereby failed to ratify the treaty, and it never went into effect.

subset: commoncrawl


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Genealogy research website Ancestry.com revealed Wednesday the two actors descend from historic American freedom fighters.
Hammer plays the Lone Ranger and Depp portrays his Native American sidekick, Tonto. Yet the site's historians discovered that it's Hammer with the native roots. The 26-year-old actor is a descendent of Cherokee leader and peace advocate Chief Kanagatucko, who was known as "Old Hop" or "Stalking Turkey" because of his age and gait.
Researchers said Depp's eighth great-grandmother was Elizabeth Key, the first slave in the American colonies to sue for her freedom and win. It happened in 1656 in Virginia, where some of Depp's ancestors have lived since the early 1600s.


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Clarkfield Care Center Administrator Paul Luitjens approached the Clarkfield City Council, at their most recent meeting, with the idea of laying away four to six of the nursing facility's 52 beds; due to the roughly 21 months of dropping occupancy and decreased revenues.
Luitjens informed the council that the Care Center was down about $164,000 in revenue this fiscal year compared to a year ago and this summer the facility's occupancy plummeted to 37 residents for an occupancy rate of 71 percent—which is the lowest occupancy Luitjens has seen since taking the post as the facility's administrator over 20 years ago.
Currently the facility is operating at 86 percent occupancy and Luitjens said that the winter months are usually high season for the care facility.
"We've had two, or three bad years since I've been here where we've lost money. We had one about four years ago when we decided to reduce the number of beds to where we're at now with 52."
Luitjens presented the council with demographic data from Yellow Medicine, Chippewa, Lyon and Lac qui Parle counties that details the current and projected number of people in each county over the age of 75. The graphical data is similar across the four county area. The graphs show a decrease in the population over age 75 continuing until about 2015 when Yellow Medicine County should fall to just about 1000 residents over 75-years-old. From 2015 on, the graphs show a sharp increase (presumably from a glut of baby boomers set to reach that age bracket) in that age bracket for the four regional counties. By 2030 the number of residents in that 75-plus age bracket, according to the Yellow Medicine County demographic data, should reach about 1370.
"When I got here this facility was at 86 beds. During the 90s our population had a much higher number of residents over the age of 75. It's dropped since then and we've adjusted."
In laying away beds at nursing facilities, the state pays for each bed laid away and those beds can be removed for one to five years, explained Luitjens to the council. Luitjens didn't have the amount paid for each bed laid away at this meeting, but assured the council that the amount was much less then the facility would receive if that bed was actually occupied.
Luitjens said that he and the council needed to be forward thinking in this decision, saying "We've got to worry about where we're going to be at and what the community's going to need from us in the next 10 years.
"Right now we might need to layaway beds, but by 2025 we're going to need more senior care—whether that care comes in the way of beds at our nursing facility, or through assisted living and home care," said Luitjens.
Location, ST | website.com


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Active users:
SeaWorld San Antonio combines the thrills of an amusement park with the excitement of a wild animal park. Not only can you take a trip down the Rio Loco rapids ride and conquer the Great White inverted roller coaster...you can also learn about and feed sea lions, see penguins in their natural habitat and get up close with the fiercest of sharks. Admission to the Lost Lagoon water park is also included with admission.
Take a virtual Tour of the Park™. Whether you want to learn more about the park's rides, find out when a show is performed or take a virtual ride on one of the park's coasters, this is the place. Also, in this section, you can take a Tour of the Park™ for any of the past years the park has been open.
Looking for information about a particular ride, attraction or show? The links below
provide a listing of the park's rides, attractions, shows, food, games and shops.
These links are necessary in planning a visit to the park. Below you'll be able to find
information about pricing, operating dates, lodging facilities and the park's location.
8/24/1999 - Steel Eel-Jason M. Ruff


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Cybergun Thompson Black M1A1 Electric Softair Gun
$ 89.99
Add Recommended Items for 43902 - Cybergun Thompson Black M1A1 Electric Softair Gun:
Cybergun Thompson Black M1A1 Electric Softair Gun - Quantity:
Registered User Login:
- It's okay for the priceTruthfully......I hate cyberguns, but this isn't exactly for the typical real airsoft game. It is simply meant for cqb. Although it is made of crappy plastic. The price is right, but the gun isn't. It's hard to say that this gun is worth it, but I can say it is for beginners who are new to airsoft...once again, this is typically meant for cqb.
Cheap AEG for beginners
Good CQB gun
not much else.
Plastic that sucks
FPS and range are not convincing
Don't get this gun if it doesn't suit your needs--it's your choice, just think before you purchase. Good for CQB.
- Here's the deal If you want a gun that shoots 200 feet away, is full auto, shoots 400 FPS, and is 1000 rounds a minute; then look for another gun and get a decent job because a gun like that will run you aproximately $400. However, if you want a gun that shoots about 100 feet away, 500 rounds a minute, and 300FPS, and is full auto, then this is the gun you want. Also since it's only $80, I'd consider this a bargain. Just remember, you get what you pay for, and since you're only paying $80 for this, about $90 after shipping, remember you're getting that type of gun. Don't expect this to blow your friends head off and make them bleed.
With a 1000 round mag also, that alone could run you $80 haha. But in all seriousness this gun is beast if you think about it. Just load it up with 1000 high polished .12 gram BBs - yes i recommend .12's in this to increase FPS - and put in a fully charged mini 9.6V battery and you're ready to rock! This gun isn't made for sniping; it's made to shoot walls of BB's at your enemy, thus why i recommend .12's because this gun is ALL spray and pray, there's very little aiming with it. The 9.6V battery will also increase the ROF a bit too, thus increase the size of the "wall" of bb's you're spraying at your opponent. And considering this thing's only 3 & 1/4 pounds, it's very easy to run with.
I have a friend who owns this gun, and everything above that i just said, he uses and plays with. One thing though that i would recommend also, is that you buy a "Wes Gear External Battery Pouch Black" and figure out how to mount this on the gun so that you can buy a "Tenergy 9.6v 4500mah NiMH Custom Battery Pack" and install that into the gun and that will make this gun a BEAST! Also i would look into finding a way to reinforce the butt stock of the gun because it's all plastic and with my experience, if it's plastic, it will break.
---Please Rate---
-Cover Fire
- Great starter gunThis Thompson is a nice, cheap starter gun. It's mostly plastic, (I have used this by the way) and its RPM is too slow for me. The thing is black, and that's cool, but it looks really fake.
1000 round mag? That you don't have to buy separately?
Not enough, if any, metal
looks fake
too light
Overall: It's OK. I would recommend you save up and get something better.
- DecentI like this gun but i think its rate of fire is a little low, and its effective range is not the best. But for the price this is good.
- okthis is an ok gun. it will work for you; you just have to clean it regularly. clean it every time you get into an airsoft war and clean it every week even when you don't, and make sure that you keep it in a case or in a safe place. you have to keep up with the plastic components.
- Decent LPEGIt's been a while since Shorty has had something like this on its online store. It works decently, for less than 100 bucks. I'd say it's good for younger players - early teens or so - I'd say. Overall, it's not bad, but it's not great either.
- pretty good gunif you have .12s, it has decent fps but it's not the most accurate. The accuracy is alright but if it was scope-able it would help. The only other faults are the rpm is rather low at 500rpm and it's almost all plastic. The good part that somewhat makes up for the accuracy is the 1000 rd mag. So basically here are the facts:
100 rd mad
low price
easy to carry around and fast
somewhat inaccurate
hope that helps.
- Great Valuethis is a great gun for the price...it is very hard to find a machine gun with the power of this gun under $100...it also looks great.
not the best gun in acruacy but i would recommend this gun to any one. it shoots pretty fast. but it is a great gun for wars with your friends.
- This is an excellent starter weaponNote: My parents, they don't understand that I've moved on from the Cybergun and Crossman starter AEG's of the past... but, I do appreciate them buying this out of the blue for me... it's still a very nice gun in its own respect...
Y'know, I'm not even gonna do this review in the normal way that I do them. I'm just gonna get right down to the conclusions since I know not everyone reads all my reviews
The Final Word: This rifle is an excellent starter weapon. It shoots decently hard (for a marui clone), is fairly well built and sturdy, very light and easy to handle, and comes with a 1000 rd magazine, battery, and charger included (I sell all my trickle chargers, cause I only use my smart charger :P)
Pros and Cons
-Decent power
-Good build quality for a plastic gun
-Very affordable price
-Nice high-cap mag, a very good quality magazine
-Compatible with most other standard Marui mags
-Adjustable sights
-Fun to use with .12g
-RoF is bad (it takes 4 minutes to fully deplete the magazine, 6 really if you count winding time)
-Range is crappy, but makes it a good tool for CQB
-Complete plastic design
-Accuracy is terrible anywhere below 80 feet
-Battery compartment is small
So yeah, that's my whole review. I give it a 4/5 because it's a STARTER GUN. No real experienced airsofter would even think about buying this gun, because it's not worth it. You just can't get the performance you want out of it. However, for someone who doesn't know anything about AEG's, this is a very nice weapon to start out with. At least it's better then what I started with (think 200 FPS w/ .12g, I'm pretty sure they were using springs made of twist ties)
-your daily dose of sh0ck
- Very very goodI loved the gun i just got it a week ago and i have used it in all my battles so far and it works awesome... i am very amazed by this gun for how cheap it is.. there is a curve every now and then but the round drum makes up for the curve.


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Whether a mother breast-feeds exclusively during the first two days of her baby's life largely depends on the hospital in which she gives birth.
A review by this newspaper of data from the California Department of Public Health's newborn-screening program shows that in some hospitals -- such as Kaiser Oakland -- more than 90 percent of new moms breast-feed without giving their infants any baby formula. In some California hospitals, however, that figure is less than 10 percent -- despite decades of evidence showing the benefits of feeding newborns only breast milk.
"We would like to think that all hospitals should function exactly the same way and provide exactly the same care no matter where they are in California," said Diana Mahar, the Northern California breast-feeding coordinator for the American Academy of Pediatrics. "However, our hospitals are unique, just like our communities."
In an attempt to close the gaps between hospitals, a new state law will take effect in January requiring hospitals to have an infant feeding policy in place that encourages exclusive breast-feeding. The bill, SB502, authored by Sens. Fran Pavley, D-Santa Monica, and Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, was signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2011.
Breast-feeding supporters agree that hospitals with the highest rates have strong policies that extend beyond lactation consultants to nurses and doctors, often treating women with a "tough love" approach. Those with more average rates seem to apply their breast-feeding messages less consistently, with some nurses opting to pacify tired mothers and infants rather than sticking firmly to a breast-feeding plan.
A few others are stuck decades in the past, feeding formula to more than 90 percent of the infants in their care. The state average for exclusive breast-feeding rates in hospitals is 60 percent, although the average in most Bay Area counties exceeds 70 percent.
One major hurdle is that breast-feeding doesn't come easy for many women, especially during the first couple of days after birth, when women produce small amounts of colostrum, rather than full-fledged milk. A golden elixir packed with factors that prime the infant digestive tract and boost immunity to germs, colostrum comes out in a few precious drops per feeding. So infants who don't receive a supplement lose an average of 6 percent of their birth weight during the first few days of life.
The weight loss is normal, but it's easy for mothers to worry that their babies aren't getting enough milk. To make matters worse, a "poor latch" can lead to scabby, raw nipples and excruciating pain. Combine all of these factors with the exhaustion from labor or a C-section, and the challenges can often seem daunting.
"Sometimes in the first few days it is very difficult for moms," Mahar said. "They're tired; they may have difficulty with the baby latching on well and getting milk. But we know that if we can provide them with support and let them know how normal that is, often things get better within the first week or so."
Studies also show that the more in-hospital support a new woman gets, the greater the chance a mother will exclusively breast-feed after she brings her baby home.
So far, 59 California hospitals have earned the World Health Organization's "Baby-Friendly" designation, which means the hospital follows 10 important steps to support exclusive breast-feeding. These include the promotion of skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, allowing the mother and baby to room together, and having a highly trained breast-feeding support staff.
El Camino Hospital in Mountain View is listed as having a 97.4 percent exclusive breast-feeding rate in 2011 -- the last year for which statistics were available. But according to nurse Kim Forsberg, who manages the mother-baby care program at El Camino, the actual number is 62 percent. The hospital had erroneously entered the number of women who intended to exclusively breast-feed, rather than those who actually did.
The blooper, however, provided an interesting new statistic: About a third of moms who planned to exclusively breast-feed ended up feeding their infants formula before leaving the hospital.
Forsberg said exhausted moms stressed by screaming infants often ask for formula. "And the answer will sometimes be, 'Yes, you can give the baby a bottle if it will not settle down,'" she said.
She said she sees the value of exclusive breast-feeding, but she also values the autonomy that mothers, nurses and doctors have to decide when a baby should receive formula.
She voiced concern about the lack of available formula at Baby-Friendly hospitals, where it's kept "under lock and key" and only accessible by pediatricians when it's deemed medically necessary. "We have a little more latitude for the nursing staff to decide," she said.
But Melisa Nuñez, a Santa Clara computer engineer who recently gave birth to her second child at El Camino, thinks that kind of flexibility can confuse new mothers, especially those who don't have education or experience with breast-feeding.
"Most of the mother-baby nurses are great, but they don't give all the same advice for breast-feeding," said Nuñez, who volunteers as a breast-feeding counselor. "One nurse will tell you this; the other will tell you that. And they're all well-meaning. But by the time you come home, you're not sure what to do."
Kaiser Permanente hospitals take up three of the top 10 spots for rates of exclusive breast-feeding in California, and all Kaiser hospitals are above average. At Kaiser Oakland, 95 percent of new moms breast-fed exclusively in 2011. According to Dr. Amanda Calhoun, director of maternity services for Kaiser Permanente East Bay, the key to their success is educating all doctors and nurses in breast-feeding support, so that even if a lactation consultant isn't around, new mothers can always get help.
Although Kaiser Oakland isn't officially Baby-Friendly because of the administrative costs associated with the review process, Calhoun said they adhere to all of the initiative's criteria. One of these criteria -- keeping formula out of the reach of nurses without a doctor's permission -- has worked wonders for promoting breast-feeding, said Calhoun, who doesn't share Forsberg's concerns about restricting the latitude of nurses.
"I'm a big believer in autonomy," Calhoun said. "But I think that the need for success in breast-feeding supersedes that."


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Sharpen your driving skills
Published: Thursday, February 21, 2013 at 6:42 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, February 22, 2013 at 10:48 a.m.
Been a long time since you learned the rules of the road?
AARP is offering a driver safety program from 8 a.m. to noon Saturday at the American Legion Post 380, 4990 La. 56, Chauvin.
The cost is $12 for AARP members and $14 for nonmembers.
To register, call Ed Pontiff at 232-4191.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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STOCKTON - The San Joaquin County Coroner's Office on Wednesday identified a motorcyclist who died after being involved in a collision early Tuesday in south Stockton.
Kenneth Hammond, 56, of Acampo was going west on Arch Airport Road just east of South Airport Way shortly before 6 a.m. Tuesday when he collided with another vehicle traveling the same direction, police said. Hammond was taken to a hospital, where he died of his injuries, authorities said.
Location, ST | website.com


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Reportedly a razor blade company offered former San Francisco Giants closer and now Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Brian Wilson $1 million dollars to shave his trademark facial hair. In this video he responds to the notion and explains why he wouldn't do it.
Los Angeles Dodgers relief pitcher Brian Wilson watches batting practice before a baseball game against the Miami Marlins, Tuesday, Aug. 20, 2013 in Miami. Wilson, who was activated Monday by the Dodgers, has not pitched in a major league game since last year. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky) ( Lynne Sladky )


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Knitter's Review
February 2, 2006
The blog spirit is hard to capture in print, with its immediate updates, abundant links, random comments, vast casts of characters, mysterious acronyms, and inside jokes.
Several bloggers have recently been given the chance to write books, and the results are mixed.
This week I'll tell you about a
warm and inclusive exception to the rule
from the two women behind the popular knitting blog Mason-Dixon Knitting.
In the Boutique: Say it with Sheep
February means Valentine's Day, which means it's time to say "Isle of Ewe" to your friends and loved ones. And
we've got just the card
In the Forums: Stash Favorites
We're talking about the
top five yarns in our stashes
. What are yours?
Forgot your forum username or password?
As always, I thank you for your readership and your support.
Happy knitting, and I'll see you in the forums!
P.S. Do you have friends who would enjoy Knitter's Review? If so, don't hesitate to forward this email to them!
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02 December 2006
Quarterly Conversation
12 comments:
- Jackie M.12/02/2006 10:54 PM
a.) So according to you, Reading Lolita in Tehran is a gateway drug?ReplyDelete
b.) Why the automatic assumption that sexually-explicit material is less appropriate for a high-school age daughter than for a high-school age son? (And why do I find myself doubting that the daughter was in fact younger?)
c.) You're my hero, Mr. Mumpsimus.
- Anonymous12/02/2006 11:07 PM
A great essay! You sum up lots of the issues that I also face as an English teacher in a high school. I find the moral panic around issues to do with sex really strange, when violence often seems to present no problem at all. It's a topsy-turvy world we live in...ReplyDelete
That was a wonderful and thought-provoking essay, Matt. I enjoyed reading it, and I'm sure the issues it raises will be on my mind as my children get older.ReplyDelete
Yes, Reading Lolita as a gateway drug, indeed! Actually, just the most accessible and discussion-provoking way to introduce ideas about how reading is viewed and used throughout the world. And then there was a bunch of controversy about the book recently when it was accused of being a neo-conservative tract, so I was able to introduce that into the class, too, and the kids could see that people really do care quite deeply about books, and they argue about them passionately even after they've graduated from high school.ReplyDelete
I don't entirely understand the gender difference that the other person raised, myself, which is one reason I included it. I have suspicions, but the comment was allowed to stand and wasn't really discussed, and I haven't asked the person who made it for an explanation, so...
Knowing there are teachers in the high schools who tackle these topics gives me hope; at the same time, I am dismayed by the administrative fears of teaching texts with current & controversial subject matter. I taught univ lit for a bit over a decade. When students came to my freshman lit class or even later lit classes, I was often "fighting an uphill battle": they'd been taught so many texts that were not tied to their realities, and sadly, taught too often that texts Only Mean One Thing. They faced the double challenge of disconnect & forced interpretation. I wouldn't want to replace all the classic texts with all contemporary texts, but seeing 18-21 year olds already turned off to lit was depressing. I don't have an ideal solution, but I think your suggestion that teaching texts that include topics that are real to them is a good direction to go.ReplyDelete
As a mother, I don't restrict my kids' access to text. I read a lot with them, and we discuss topics that I suspect should make me blush. On the other hand, we don't watch but an hour or two of commercial television a week. (Why watch TV when there's museums to go to or paths to hike?) No topics are taboo here. I can't be sure this is the right path, but excess information seems wiser to me than silence. That's my approach in my novels too--be straight-up, especially on the dangerous topics . . . How to import the be-blunt-&-give-extra-data approach into the classroom is surely a difficult thing though. I realize that not all parents agree on the tough topics, so how does a teacher find that balance? Much respect goes to those of you who try to do so. . .
Thanks for the thought-provoking read. I enjoyed the mental wanderings it set off for me.
M. Marr
- Jackie M.12/03/2006 4:19 PM
I actually have a devout Christian friend who recently finished Reading Lolita. And not only did it spark her interest in Nabokov... discussing it with her at lunch created a bit of a cascade effect in the rest of us who hadn't previously read any Nabokov.ReplyDelete
But I hadn't heard the "neo-conservative tract" thing. Do you have any links/references for that?
I don't entirely understand the gender difference that the other person raised, myself, which is one reason I included it.
Understood. Thank you for... not pointing it out, but letting it stand intact for future generations to ponder.
The debate on Reading Lolita is summed up pretty well at Slate, and I've collected a few I've found here.ReplyDelete
- Jackie M.12/03/2006 11:07 PM
Forwarded it to the YA Lit prof here, who loved it so much she's going to start having her students read it next semester.
really fabulous essay.ReplyDelete
Thanks for taking the time to write and disseminate your essay. I am so pleased to read things written by articulate, concerned, intelligent high school teachers. You'll have made an impact on those many people you encounter during the course of your career - and a responsible impact, at that. Right on.ReplyDelete
I've got to say that I know less and less what should happen between the triangle of a book, a class, and a teacher as time goes on. One hopes that is a love triangle, but often it is not. I do hate the thought of books being used to "examine our attitudes" about anything.ReplyDelete
But maybe the experience of a book is not really right for the classroom. Maybe in the classroom all one can do is dig shafts into or toward it from different angles.
Because it will always escape. Because the experience of being truly lost in a book is something that cannot be recaptured once you are found. Because, etc.


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A wreath laying ceremony was held Saturday at the Gridley-Biggs Cemetery as part of a nationwide salute to Veterans for their time protecting their countries. Over 300,000 wreaths were placed on Veteran's graves in 2011.
Denny Parham was once again on hand to perform the Master of Ceremony duties, handing the microphone over to Jeff Draper, Mayor of the City of Gridley, who read a proclamation from the Gridley City Council.
Sponsorships are offered to people each year in the hope that every Veteran's resting place will be adorned with a wreath for just $15.
"When you see a Veteran or active duty member of the military, thank them. A moment of your time is well spent," Parham stated to those in attendance.
Cadet Connor Sheldon placed a wreath for the U.S. Army at the Military Veterans Court of Honor where the ceremony began with Cadet Alex Roque placing a wreath for the U.S. Navy. Cadet Josh Reese laid a wreath in honor of the U.S. Air Force and Cadet Cameron Paul placed a wreath for the U.S. Coast Guard. Cadet Danielle Adams laid a wreath in honor of the Merchant Marines.
A remembrance wreath was placed for the 93,129 U.S. servicemen who's last known status was either Missing In Action or Prisoner of War.
A moment of silence was held for the 27 people killed in Connecticut on Friday, December 14, 2012 and a special wreath was laid to rest at the Court of Honor.
Location, ST | website.com


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Collecting water samples from wells, is easier when you use bailers and disposable bailers. Just lower a water bailer into a body of water to dislodge the internal check-ball and let fluid inside. Then, pull the line to reseat the check-ball that will hold your sample inside. Narrow size fits where other sample collectors won't. Find a great selection of reusable and disposable bailers, bailer retrievers, suspension cord and brushes at Ben Meadows.
© 2016 Ariens Specialty Brands LLC
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Reference Number: WB0000


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Important Links:
News 12 at 6 o'clock / Monday, Aug. 6, 2012
AUGUSTA, Ga. -- A Georgia regulation could be lining the state's pockets by taking away money from charities. An employee with the Department of Revenue was so upset about it that he contacted News 12. We went to work, and what our investigation uncovered could change a state law and help a father continue his fight to help kids with cancer.
Her smile melted his heart. Her illness broke it.
"We got the news that Joanna was sick Christmas Eve 2002," Jeff McAfee told News 12.
He also told us about the day his wife was changing their little girl's clothes and found something that would change their family's life.
"She was trying to put jeans on Joanna, and the jeans did not fit. And she knew something was not right, so she came to me and said, 'Jeff feel this.'"
"This" turned out to be a tumor. Joanna was only 3 years old.
She was diagnosed with Stage IV Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma. It's a very aggressive form of cancer. Jeff described some of Joanna's treatment as "barbaric."
But Joanna survived.
Two years later, on Mother's Day, Joanna was too weak from a round of chemotherapy to climb a cancer survivor's hill, so her older brother carried her. When she reached the top, she threw her arms up, as if in victory.
That summer, doctors declared Joanna had no evidence of disease in her body.
But one year later, it returned.
"There were literally hundreds of small tumors on her abdomen," Jeff said. "There was nothing anyone could do. When they told Joanna, she was going to be with Jesus, she wasn't afraid. But she did want ... directions. She said, 'I don't know how to go. I don't know how to go to heaven.'"
Six months later, Joanna passed away.
"When you lose a child, one of the greatest fears is that they will be forgotten," Jeff said.
That's why he became a cheerleader in memory of his favorite Georgia cheerleader. He started a foundation in her name to help other kids like her.
Two years later, he was running the Joanna McAfee Childhood Cancer Foundation in Warner Robbins, Ga. Its logo proudly displays Joanna's victory silhouette. It took a couple of years for Jeff to get the signatures and support he needed to have a Joanna specialty plate. You can read the bill here.
Even Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue recognized the effort. Jeff proudly displays a photo of the governor with his family. Gov. Perdue even signed it, writing the words "Bests wishes." The picture reminds Jeff of the celebration in Atlanta for the birth of the Joanna tag.
Two years later, Perdue signed a bill that has crippled the foundation.
By the end of the month, the foundation has to close its office.
"Is it just heartbreaking to have to pack everything up?" asked News 12's Meredith Anderson.
"It is, but it's just a reality," Jeff said.
That reality is because of House Bill 1055, which passed in May 2010. It reads: For specialty plates "the fee is $35 of which $25 is to be deposited into the state's general fund and $10 is to be dedicated to the sponsoring agency, fund or nonprofit corporation." As for renewals, it's the same: $35 a year with only $10 going to the nonprofit.
For specialty plates, the $25 dollar fee, or manufacturing fee, used to be a one-time fee. With the new law, even though the plate has already been issued, the driver has to continue to pay it.
It paved the way for the state to make millions. But a Department of Revenue employee believes it's just wrong. He contacted News 12 because he wants you to see the other side of this and not the side that wants to fill a massive budget hole. He's upset because about the side he believes the law gives the state a license to take money from charities.
We went to work, and here's what we found. After crunching the numbers, we noticed a more than 40 percent decline in specialty plates like the Joanna tag since the law passed in 2010.
When News 12 started investigating and contacted Jeff, he had already started packing up his office. Simply put, House Bill 1055 made it impossible for him to pay the foundation's bills.
"And keep in mind, we didn't get the Joanna tags until about two years after we started, but about 25 percent of our income, roughly 25 percent, has been derived from the sales of the Joanna tag," he said.
That money has been a big help to 12-year-old LaStacia Lowther and her family.
"I was 3 when I first had my first surgery," LaStacia said.
Since then, however, she's had six more. Another one is scheduled for the end of the month, and her mother wishes it could be her last. It won't be.
"It goes away, and then it comes back, even more worse than the last time," said Lena Lowther. "So she's really been through it."
LaStacia has trouble walking, and when the cancer spread to her brain, it attacked her eyes.
"It was just so terrible seeing her lose her sight," Lena said.
The Lowthers also feel terrible that the very foundation helping her family is having to close its office all because of a state law.
LaStacia's father is worried about the effect it will have on people all over the state.
"When they do that, they're not just taking money from my family, they're taking money from other people that need the McAfee Foundation," James Lowther told News 12.
The Georgia law is also taking money away from those looking to prevent, detect and treat childhood cancer. To date, The Joanna McAfee Foundation has given 18 research grants and is credited in journals and clinical trials all over the country.
While the Joanna tag was making a difference, the state is now making money.
Since the law passed, the foundation has lost thousands, but Jeff's figures show the state has raked in $7,665, just off the extra fees that are now attached to the Joanna tag.
But he's not angry.
He says when Joanna faced obstacle after obstacle, she never complained. Not once.
"That's the reason you'll never hear us complain about what we're going through, including the fact that we're packing this stuff up and having to readjust what we're having to do as a Foundation," he said.
But the numbers we found can speak for him. They can also speak for all the kids Joanna is helping. We took our research to a state lawmaker, and he was not happy. In fact, he's promising to introduce a bill to make sure the state no longer profits off tags that benefit nonprofits.
You'll hear from him tomorrow on News 12 at 6 o'clock.
As for specialty plates for nonprofits, it's not easy for charities to get
a tag in the first place. Jeff said lawmakers had to pass a bill for the Joanna tag to even be considered. Then, he had to get 1,000 signatures and pay for all advertising to get the word out. So that's why it hurts even more that the state is making money off this.


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There were 59 bookings at the San Joaquin county Jail during the last 24 hours ending at 8 a.m. Sunday. At that time there were 1,406 people held at the jail, which has an official capacity of 1,411.
Stabbing: Sheriff's deputies were called to the 4200 block of West Lane at 1:42 a.m. Sunday where a man was stabbed in the eye after he urinated on another man's vehicle in the parking lot of the Deja Vu nightclub. Kevin Michael Grimes was arrested on charges of assault with a deadly weapon.
Person shot: A man was shot while he was sitting in his friend's vehicle at the corner of Park and San Joaquin streets at 3:44 a.m. Sunday. The victim received treatment for a gunshot wound after a suspect fired several rounds at him from a car. The suspect is identified as a thin African-American man in his 20s with short braids, wearing a white T-shirt and black sweats and driving a black 90s Honda.
Person shot: A person was shot in the leg after at Saturday night in the 9100 block of Fitzpatrick Circle. There was no suspect information.
Location, ST | website.com


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...and my best time in a 5K is 17:30, anyone think that is good?
yes, now have a cookie and go train some more
I just did, 7 mile easy run...
No, it sucks.
Obviously you either:
A. Are just here to gloat about how good you "think" you are.
B. More likely you're just a 19+ minute runner than thinks hes cool by saying he can run a 17:30.
Anyone who can run a 17:30 (myself included, I ran a 16:37 at states a few weeks ago) knows whether or not they're good. Don't waste the bandwidth of this website by posting your garbage.
A little quick to get snippy aren't you? I'm one of the best freshmen in New Jersey, and I was just wondering how other freshmen are around the country.
<a href="http://www.monmouth.com/scullion/04cc/seccb4.htm" target="_blank">http://www.monmouth.com/scullion/04cc/seccb4.htm[/URL" target="_blank">
Look for 35th place. I couldn't find a link with my best time. There goes your b theory.
[http://This message has been edited by Austin Santillo (edited Dec-16-2004).|http://This message has been edited by Austin Santillo (edited Dec-16-2004).]
I am only in the 8th grade, but a friend of mine got the best time at the state championship for the freshmans in Kansas. I am not sure what his 5k time is, but I'll ask and post it as soon as find out.
[http://This message has been edited by ACornStock (edited Dec-16-2004).|http://This message has been edited by ACornStock (edited Dec-16-2004).]
Originally posted by Austin Santillo:
...and my best time in a 5K is 17:30, anyone think that is good?
Of course not. That's a terrible time, I would be so embarrased if I ever ran that slow. !http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/rolleyes.gif|src=http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/rolleyes.gif|border=0!
I am also a freshman boy. My best time this year was 20:35. If somebody is actually asking whether 17:30 is good or not, they are a complete dumba$$.
Hey I have a friend that ran a 19:50 without EVER training beforehand.
oh and he was only in 8th grade when he did it.
A freshman from a kind of rival school to my school went 16:50s several times this year, and I don't even think he's too close to being the top freshman in Ohio. So, while you're a good runner, there are certainly a plethora of freshman out there who would work you, so don't get too full of yourself.
Hey, I ran a 3:45 mile the other day. Is that an okay time for someone who's 43 years old? It think I could have done better if I hadn't just eaten a entire pizza and liter of Coke just before. Oh, and did I mention I only started running last week. I actually thought about taking up running a few weeks before, but I've been in the hospital recovering from brain surgery. It seems the headaches I've been experiencing lately (or since I completed my acsent of Mt. Everest in 15 hours; anyone think that's good?) were due to swelling of my brain. The doctors said they had to remove a large part of something called "myego." But they assured me I had plenty to spare.
You know, there are some of us that take our accomplishments very seriously and there are those who just take "themselves" seriously. Then there are those of us who just enjoy the fun and challenge of putting in a good training run.
Enjoy your 17:30 5K PR, but try not to burn yourself out.
just to smite you, we've got a freshman running 15:22 for 3.05 !http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/wink.gif|src=http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/wink.gif|border=0!. of course hes one of the best in the nation. keep running and youll watch that drop like a rock. 17:30 ain't bad, i think thats what i ran as a soph.
Originally posted by sisuharrier:
just to smite you, we've got a freshman running 15:22 for 3.05 !http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/wink.gif|src=http://www.coolrunning.com/forums/wink.gif|border=0!. of course hes one of the best in the nation. keep running and youll watch that drop like a rock. 17:30 ain't bad, i think thats what i ran as a soph.
There's no way a freshman can ever run that. I don't think even Pre could do that.
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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Lang Oil picked up two wins in Little League action last Friday in New Franklin by beating Shelter Insurance 6-3 in the first game and Exchange Bank 11-3 in the second game.
After playing to a 1-1 tie in the first inning, Shelter Insurance came back and took a brief lead in the top-half of the third by pushing across two runs to go up by a score of 3-1. However, in the bottom-half of the same inning, Lang Oil came back and exploded for five runs for the victory.
Tysen Dowell led the hitting attack in the game for Lang Oil with a single, home run and one RBI. Tyler Perkins also homered and drove in three runs while Brett Triebsch finished the game with one triple and Jackson Dorson, Hayden Wiseman, Thadius Malone and Max Hall each with one single.
For Shelter Insurance, who dropped to 1-5-2 on the season, Andy Neal went 2-for-2 with a single, home run and two RBIs while Dakota Lawson added one single.
In the second game, Exchange Bank jumped out on top with two runs in the top-half of the first only to have Lang Oil rally back with six in the bottom-half of the inning, two again in the second and three in the third.
Jackson Dorson again led Lang Oil, who improved to 4-4 on the season, with a single, home run and three RBIs.
Tysen Dowell was 2-for-3 with a single and a triple while Tanner Hoover and Joe Monnig added two singles each and Hayden Wiseman and Thadius Malone with one single apiece.
For Exchange Bank, who dropped to 5-1-2 overall, Brady Boggs had two singles while Zac Held added one triple and two RBIs and Austin Durbin, Kay Harris and Isaac Schupp with one single each.
Location, ST | website.com


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Hagel Reviewing Cases in Transfer of Six Detainees to Uruguay
ANCHORAGE, Alaska–Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said he is reviewing the cases of six Guantanamo Bay detainees on tap to be transferred to Uruguay, but said he would come to a decision "fairly soon."
Uruguayan President José Mujica has offered to take up to six prisoners from the Guantanamo Bay detention facility and has said that they would be able live in Uruguay freely.
More In Guantanamo
Under current law, the Secretary of Defense must review the cases of detainees to be transferred to another country, examine the procedures put in place to monitor them and certify to Congress that they won't be at risk to return to the battlefield.
"As you all know, the Congress assigned the secretary of defense the responsibility to notify them of a decision to release detainees," Mr. Hagel said Wednesday in a news conference aboard his plane en route to Alaska. "I have responsibility. My name goes on that document. That is a big responsibility."
Critics have said the certification procedures are onerous, although Congress last year relaxed some of the requirements in face of criticism from the Pentagon that they were tantamount to a ban on transfers.
Mr. Hagel said he was examining the risk the detainees could potentially pose as well as any measures put in place to mitigate that risk. Mr. Hagel said he doubted he would reach 100% assurance on the detainees.
"What I am doing is taking my time to assure that any decision I make is…by standards Congress gave me, that I in fact can notify and certify that this is the responsible thing to do," he said.
Defense officials said there was no timetable for Mr. Hagel to make the decision. They also said he could decide to certify a smaller group of the detainees and put off a decision on others until later.
A year ago, President Barack Obama said he would begin a renewed push to close the Guantanamo Bay prison, a promise he first made while seeking his first term as president.
Administration officials have said they hope Congress will remove a block on transferring detainees to the U.S. as part of the new defense policy bill being debated on Capitol Hill.
Get more from Washington, first thing in the morning, by signing up for the Capital Journal Daybreak newsletter: on.wsj.com/CapitalJournalSignup


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S.T.A.L.K.E.R. - Clear Sky
Version and / or Patch Used: 1.5.07
Timedemo or Level Used: Custom Timedemo
Developer Homepage: http://www.gsc-game.com/
Product Homepage: http://cs.stalker-game.com/en/
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky, is the stand-alone prequel for S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl, a first-person shooter computer game by Ukrainian developer GSC Game World.[3] The game consists of a roughly 50/50 mix of new areas and old, remodeled areas from the previous game. The X-ray graphics engine has been updated to version 1.5 and includes DirectX 10 support (later patch 1.5.06 included DirectX 10.1). Additionally, the AI received an overhaul to accommodate the new faction wars feature.
HD 4850: Here we so no real change.
HD 4870: at the lower resolution the minimum is up, while it dips slightly at the highest.
HD 4870 X2: Here performance is a bit all over the place; up in some places and down in another.


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IrishCentral sat down with economist Jim O'Sullivan this week to ask his opinion on the economic outlook in the US and Ireland for 2014. According to MarketWatch, he is "the best high-frequency economic forecaster in America." He was MarketWatch Forecaster of the Year for 2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Jim is an Irish American who attended Trinity College in Dublin where he completed a BA in Economics.
Looking to the year ahead, what is the outlook for US Economy?
The economy should continue to recover this year. That is not to say everything will be fully back yet to where it was in 2007, before the financial crisis, but we have come a long way, despite a lot of lingering headwinds. The crisis led to an 8.7 million decline in employment, making for the worst U.S. recession since the Great Depression, but employment is now up 7.6 million from the low. Of course, because of labor force growth, employment also needs to grow over time, so we need to do better than just back to where we were. A lot of people are still out of work, but the trend in employment growth has been around 180,000 per month recently. We expect acceleration to around 200,000 per month in 2014. While far from booming, that represents progress. The glass is half full and filling rather than half empty and emptying!
As for GDP, the trend for most of the recovery has been for only around a 2-2.5% growth rate, but there was a pickup to over 3% in the second half of last year. We expect that 3%-plus pace to continue in 2014.
What are the opportunities for SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in 2014?
Realistically, there is not going to be a sea change in 2014. More than four years into the recovery, if we have not seen a boom by now, chances are we are not going to see one. That said, the economy is slowly but surely improving. The improvement has benefited small and medium as well as large firms. Construction firms in particular, many of which are relatively small, benefited as the housing sector belatedly began to recover. Commercial construction was also slow to recover but appears to be picking up now.
What are some risks that could dampen the economic recovery?
There always risks! Certainly, a loss of confidence in financial markets can become self-fulfilling to some extent. Markets have been rattled a bit recently by concerns about emerging markets. There is also the risk that markets could over-extrapolate a couple of stronger readings for inflation, causing interest rates to rise more rapidly than justified by the solid-but-not-spectacular pace for growth. Conversely, there are also upside risks. Monetary policy remains extraordinarily accommodative, the drag from fiscal policy will fade dramatically this year, and accelerating growth can effectively feed on itself – with increased spending leading to increased employment, leading to increased spending, and so on. Personally, I think the risks are more on the upside than the downside this year.
What advice would you have for middle class earners? Pay down debt and save more?
I'll preface my answer with the caveat that our firm advises institutional clients on broad macro trends. In turn, they make their own decisions on how to invest. We are not financial advisors. But I would think it is generally good advice for most people to save more, using those savings to either make risk-appropriate investments or to pay down debt. I'll add that there is much more of a case for paying down expensive credit card debt than historically cheap mortgage debt.
What do you think is going to happen to Ireland's economy now that it is out of the IMF program?
Ireland has started recovering again, albeit after dramatic weakening. As big as the U.S housing bubble was, the Irish one was much bigger, and housing was much more important to the Irish economy than the U.S. economy. The result was a much more severe recession. In the U.S., the unemployment rate jumped from 4.5% to a high of 10.0%; it is now 6.7%. In Ireland, it went from 4.5% to 15.0; it is now 12.4%. Of course, it would be even higher without emigration. Nonetheless, the long climb back has begun.
What can Irish government do to influence this?
The Irish economy is highly dependent on exports, so one of the big negatives for Ireland is the weak Eurozone economy. In turn, the single biggest drag on Eurozone growth is the still-weak European banking system. So I would say anything the Irish government can do to encourage pan-European efforts to recapitalize the European banking system would probably help Ireland as well. I am certainly not saying the Irish taxpayer should inject money into French or Italian banks! Irish taxpayers have done more than their share in bailing out the creditors of the banks in Ireland and should probably keep pushing for relief. But European governments in general need to do what they can to get credit flowing again.


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LEGO Shop Home Themes NINJAGO™ Kai Fighter
Kai Fighter
- Item: 70721
- Ages:8-14
- VIP Points: 0
- Pieces:196
- Retired product
Put the heat on General Cryptor and grab the Techno-Blade with Kai Fighter with 2 flick missiles, jet engines and speed mode wings!
Take on General Cryptor with the red-hot Kai Fighter!
Kai has taken over a civilian vehicle and used his Techno-Blade to turn it into an awesome red and gold Ninja Fighter! Take off and weave between the skyscrapers of New Ninjago City with Kai in the cockpit. Shoot the gold-tipped flick missiles into the path of the evil General Cryptor and evade blasts from his ground-to-air laser rocket launcher. Defeat General Cryptor then flip the wings back to engage speed mode and zoom away. Includes 2 minifigures with weapons and an accessory: Kai and General Cryptor.
- Includes 2 minifigures with weapons and an accessory: Kai and General Cryptor with armor
- Features 2 gold-tipped flick missiles, speed mode adjustable wings, wing blades, 2 powerful side jet engines and cockpit with space for a minifigure
- Weapons include exclusive translucent red Techno-Blade, 2 swords and laser rocket launcher
- Also includes special armor for General Cryptor
- Fire the gold-tipped flick missiles
- Flip the wings into speed mode to accelerate away from Nindroid attacks
- Grab the red Techno-Blade from General Cryptor and save New Ninjago City
- Measures over 4" (12cm) high, 10" (26cm) long and 13" (34cm) wide
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Energy Department Awards $11 Million for Clean Energy Small Businesses
May 30, 2012
The Energy Department announced on May 23 a total of $11 million in innovative research and technology grants of up to $150,000 awarded to nearly 67 small businesses in 22 states. The grants were awarded under the department's Small Business Innovation Research program, part of the Obama Administration's broader support for job-creating small businesses and startup companies nationwide. These businesses are located in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington. The businesses will work on 75 research projects including designing better wind turbines and fuel cell technology. They will then be eligible to compete for a second phase of the program with awards up to $1 million over two years.
For example, the Seachange Group in Maine will work on a process that determines the best conditions for thermochemical conversion of biomass into drop-in transportation fuels, which has potential for under-developed rural communities. And Creare Incorporated of New Hampshire will focus on improving battery pack thermal management for electric vehicles. See the DOE press release and the description of all the projects.


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LANDOVER, Md. -- Vernon Davis staggered slowly back to the sideline after the 49ers' first possession of the second half against Washington, having lost a fumble a moment earlier while clawing for extra yards. Fed Ex Field was such a shaky place for Davis on Monday night, even though he was back playing in front of his family. One minute he was pleasing his hometown crowd. The next he was sending them for the exits early.
On a night when his quarterback needed support in quieting criticism, Davis was a pillar when the 49ers really needed him to be in a 27-6 win. He caught four passes for 70 yards, including with a 1-yard touchdown reception from Colin Kaepernick late in the third quarter that gave the 49ers an 18-point lead and all but put the win on ice during a frigid night in Landover. That came only after he had fumbled and dropped a key 20-yard pass inside Washington territory.
"This is football. Things like that happen. We don't want them to happen, but sometimes it works out that way, where you struggle," Davis said.
Davis, who grew up in the District and attended Dunbar High in Northwest Washington, looked ready to dominate from the onset after he made a 40-yard catch off a seam route in the first quarter. That set up a Phil Dawson field goal to make it 10-0.
But Davis had problems finding his rhythm. On the opening possession of the third quarter, with the 49ers leading 10-6, he fumbled after catching a third-down pass over the middle and struggling for extra yards. He dropped another 20-yard pass from Kaepernick later in the quarter.
"I didn't let my head down," Davis said. "I just said, 'I'll make up for it.' "
He stayed true to his word and stayed patient while looking for his opening. Part of it came in the middle of the third quarter, when his 20-yard catch set up the 49ers with a first-and-goal and eventual Anquan Boldin touchdown. The other part came on the Washington 1-yard line at the end of the quarter, when on a second down, Kaepernick went play-action. Davis slipped through the Washington defense untouched and caught his ninth touchdown of the year.
"Vernon is always going to fight for us," Kaepernick said.
Davis' fumble was reminiscent of his fourth-quarter fumble at Fed Ex Field in November 2011, which was his first time playing in the Washington area. Monday night was his second, and although he noted the significance of playing at home, his performance was more deeply rooted in helping Kaepernick.
"Colin, you know, he's been taking a lot of criticism," Davis said. "But one thing I like about Colin, is that he's always hanging in there."


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- Feb 18:
- NBC reporter criticized for Bode Miller interview
- Feb 17:
- Purdy: Olympic dance fever ends well for USA's Davis and White
- Olympic bobsled: Monterey's Cunningham motivated for four-man
- Purdy: Not many Americans at these Russian Olympics
- Olympics: Crowd protests outcome of U.S.-Russia hockey game
- Olympics: U.S. ends bobsled drought as Holcomb wins bronze in two-man
- Olympics: Belarus' Darya Domracheva completes hat trick of gold medals in women's biathlon
- Olympics: U.S. women's hockey team beats Sweden 6-1 in semifinals
- Olympics: Security becoming uneven in Sochi after rigorous start
- Olympics: Record TV ratings for epic U.S.-Russia hockey game
- Winter Olympics: Your Monday morning update
- Olympics: Structure of USA Curling questioned after Sochi failure
- Olympics: Fog rolls in, mountain sports shut down
SOCHI, Russia (AP) -- They stepped onto the podium, one after another, teammates and friends, all decked out in the same uniform.
And if there had been room for one more, she would've been wearing orange, too.
The Dutch, you see, are just about racing against themselves at the Olympic speedskating oval.
"They're on fire right now," U.S. coach Ryan Shimabukuro said. "They've got all the momentum going in their direction."
The Netherlands has long been a speedskating powerhouse, but the nation of 17 million has never been on a roll like this.
No one has.
All by themselves, the Dutch skaters have pushed their country to the top of the medals table in Sochi. The long-track team already has a record 16 medals, the short trackers have chipped in with one, for a total that left the Netherlands -- which hasn't won a medal in any other sport at these games -- one ahead of the mighty United States and host Russia through Sunday.
"Our target for the whole team was nine medals for all sports," speedskater Marrit Leenstra said. "This is the best we have ever done in the Winter Olympics."
Just how dominant have the Dutch been at Adler Arena?
They have swept the medals in three of the first eight events, doing it again Sunday in the women's 1,500 meters. Jorien ter Mors claimed the gold with the second-fastest time ever at sea level, giving her a shot at becoming the first skater to win Olympic medals in long and short track. Ireen Wust sounded disappointed with her silver, and Lotte van Beek claimed the bronze by knocking Leenstra out of the third spot in the very last pairing.
It was the first time in Olympic history that one country took the top four spots in a speedskating event.
"Unfortunately, there are only three spots on the podium," Leenstra said. "But still I would rather have Dutch girls in front of me than others."
No worries there.
Coming into Sochi, there had only been six medal sweeps in all of Olympic speedskating history, going back to the very first Winter Games at Chamonix in 1924. There have been none since 1998.
Now, the Dutch seem a bit disappointed when another country slips onto the podium. They don't intend to let up now.
"I will celebrate," Ter Mors said, "but it's not going to be a big party, because there is still competition to come."
The Netherlands has claimed five golds already, and will be heavy favorite in three of the last four events -- the men's 10,000 (where another sweep seems likely), plus the team pursuits for men and women. Throw in another likely medal in the women's 5,000, and it's easy to envision the Dutch pushing their total to at least 20 and perhaps as high as 22.
The previous record for speedskating medals at one games was 13 by the East Germans in 1988.
The only mark left to take down is most golds -- six for the Soviet speedskaters at the 1960 Games.
It's as good as gone.
In Sochi, orange is the new gold.
The Dutch gave a glimpse of what the other countries were in for in the very first event -- Sven Kramer, Jan Blokhuijsen and Jorrit Bergsma swept the top three spots in the men's 5,000.
The next day, Wust took gold in the women's 3,000.
But the most telling event came on Day 3 at the oval. The Dutch have never been especially great sprinters, but twin brothers Michel and Ronald Mulder led another hoarding of the podium in the men's 500; Michel took gold, Jan Smeekens grabbed the silver and Ronald claimed bronze.
"That's the big thing about the Olympic games," Shimabukuro said. "When you get on a roll, it's infectious."
The Dutch steamroller has only made the shortcomings of other nations more pronounced, especially the Americans.
Led by Shani Davis, Heather Richardson and Brittany Bowe, the U.S. posted some impressive results on the World Cup circuit and rolled into Russia boldly predicting its new high-tech suits might give it a shot at equaling or surpassing its greatest haul at an Olympics, the eight medals won on home ice in both 1980 and 2002.
But the new suits turned out to be a bust and were dumped midway through the Olympics. There were also questions about the decision to do high-altitude training prior to an Olympics at sea level, along with some serious soul searching about whether the Americans got complacent after their World Cup success.
No U.S. skater has finished higher than seventh in Sochi, setting up the team for its first medal shutout since 1984.
The Dutch, on the other hand, clearly patterned their training with an eye toward being at their best in Sochi.
"They're doing something right," Bowe said. "They've had an awesome competition."


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SAN JOSE -- An apparent Valentine's Day murder-suicide claimed two lives Thursday afternoon, when a man shot to death a woman he is believed to have been romantically involved with before turning the gun on himself in the bedroom of a Bermuda Avenue home, police said.
Police had little information about the involved parties on Thursday. They were called to the scene at 4:21 p.m., when a resident who lives at the two-story house across the street from William C. Overfelt High School heard shots fired upstairs and rushed into the room to find the couple dead, said San Jose police spokesman Sgt. Jason Dwyer.
Investigators believe the man fired the shots. Dwyer said he didn't know the exact nature of the relationship between the victims, only that "we do believe there was romantic involvement." He said at least one of the deceased is believed to have been living at the home.
The roommate who called police was being interviewed at the police station Thursday evening, and "may be able to shed more light on what happened," Dwyer said.
Dwyer was hesitant to label it a domestic violence case, however, he said, "if you put it together, one male, one female, in a bedroom, on Valentine's Day, there's a strong possibility it's domestic violence related."
Tragically, the killings came as Santa Clara County released its annual report on domestic violence deaths and on the same day as "One Billion Rising" -- an event aimed at getting women across the globe to join in a rally against violence against women and girls.
In 2012, nine people died from six instances of domestic violence in Santa Clara County, according to the report released by the Santa Clara County's Domestic Violence Death Review committee -- a multiagency team encompassing police and the courts, health and social services and victim-advocacy groups.
"For victims of domestic violence, there is no Valentine's Day," said Steven Dick, a supervising deputy district attorney and the committee chairman. "Every day is a day of fear, of violence and control."
Although the 2012 statistics reflect a drop from the 11 incidents that yielded 17 deaths the year before, over the past 12 years, the domestic violence death toll has fluctuated anywhere from the three in 2008 to a recent peak of 21 in 2003.
Six of the nine domestic violence deaths in 2012 involved guns.
What led to the shooting at the Bermuda Avenue home remained unclear Thursday night.
Ba Huynh, who has lived in a converted garage at the home with his wife for more than three years, said he never ventured upstairs and does not know the three other people living there.
Neighbors said they see Huynh and his wife frequently walking around the neighborhood, but did not know anything about the other residents, who are in their 30s.
Huynh was on one of those walks Thursday afternoon. He said when he returned, "all the people were here," gesturing to police cars nearby.
The slaying marks the sixth homicide of the year in San Jose, coming a day after a teenager was stabbed to death near San Jose High School.
Dwyer said it was an "unfortunate coincidence" that the murder-suicide happened on Valentine's Day but added that holidays can trigger people into rash actions.
"We don't know what kind of problems were brewing that led up to this incident," he said. "Valentine's Day can be difficult day for people who are going through trouble in their relationship.
"Too often crimes of passion happen that could have been avoided. There was probably a trail of crumbs, signs leading to this showing that it could have been avoided."
Contact Eric Kurhi at 408-920-5852. Follow him at Twitter.com/erickurhi.
domestic violence statistics
Six of the nine domestic violence deaths in Santa Clara County in 2012 involved guns. The other three involved beating, arson or pill overdose.
Three of the victims were driven to suicide. Four children were orphaned. Four of the deaths occurred in public.
The ages of the victims and assailants -- who were sometimes also victims -- ranged from the early 20s to past 60.
Three murder charges have been filed.
Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office filed 2,259 nonlethal domestic-violence cases last year.


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BARBOURVILLE, Ky. - Reinhardt (Ga.) used a second-half surge to pull away from host Union to claim the 68-57 Appalachian Athletic Conference victory on Tuesday.
Jennifer Thomas drained a 3-pointer to pull Union even at 39-all with 11:59 to play. However, the Lady Eagles mounted an 18-6 run to open up a 57-45 advantage en route to the 11-point win. Hannah Mayo scored all seven her points during the decisive rally for Reinhardt.
The loss drops Union to 14-8 overall and 7-5 in the AAC, while Reinhardt improves to 13-11 overall and 8-4 in league play. The Eagles are now in sole possession of third in the conference standings with Union now sitting in a tie for fourth with Bryan (Tenn.). Should the tournament start today, Union would be the fifth seed since Bryan currently holds the tie-breaker having won the teams' only meeting this season. Union and Bryan face each other in Barbourville in the regular-season finale on Feb. 16.
For the second game in a row, Union struggled offensively. The Lady Bulldogs hit 34 percent (16-of-47 shots) from the field and went 3-for-18 (16.7 percent) from 3-point range. In fact, Thomas was the lone Lady Bulldog to make a trey, going 3-for-5 from long range.
Reinhardt connected on 19-of-43 shots (44.2 percent) from the floor and finished 3-for-10 on 3-point attempts. The Lady Eagles really did some damage at the foul line in going 27-of-36 (75 percent).
Union shot 73.3 percent (22-of-30) from the charity stripe.
The majority of the Lady Bulldogs' points came from the bench. Brooke Hill led the team with 17 points with Thomas and Lindsey Waters coming off the bench to chip in nine and eight points respectively. Macy Clontz added a free throw to account for the bench's 35 points. Playing for the first time since Jan. 19, Waters contributed eight points, eight rebounds, three assists and two blocks.
Haley Perkins was the lone Union starter to score in double figures, finishing with a double-double with 10 points and 10 rebounds.
For Reinhardt, Tara Hay netted a game-high 25 points as she went 13-for-16 at the foul line. Kayla Aiken followed with 16 points.
Union looked like it was in good shape to take the lead into the half up 22-18 with 2:28 left and momentum on its side. But Reinhardt responded with a 9-2 run to close the period to take a 29-24 lead into the break.
The Lady Bulldogs battled back to claim at pair of one-point leads, the last being 33-32 at the 14:19 mark. Union knotted the score twice, yet Reinhardt used an 18-6 surge to turn a 39-39 tie into a 57-45 cushion. Union cut the deficit to 60-53 with 3:23 remaining but couldn't get any closer as Reinhardt held for the 11-point win.
Up next for the Lady Bulldogs is a trip to Montreat (N.C.) on Thursday as they battle the Lady Cavaliers in AAC play. Game time is set for 5:30 p.m.


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Current Exhibits at Our Civil War Museum
In October of 2000, the National Museum of Civil War Medicine completed a $3 million renovation and complete redesign of the exhibits. With nearly 7,000 square feet of exhibit space on two floors, the expanded Museum illustrates the medical story of the American Civil War. It is a story of care and healing, courage and devotion amidst the death and destruction of war. It is also a story of major advances that changed medicine forever. Through the dedication, innovation and devotion of Civil War surgeons and medical support staff on both sides of the conflict, the foundation for today's modern military medicine was laid. Their tenacity and compassion to heal stemmed a death rate that could have easily been twice the 620,000.
Areas of Study
Medical Education – As the Civil War began, the practice of medicine was emerging from the "heroic era", with its theory of bringing a balance to the humors of the body. Medical practitioners had no knowledge of germ theory or antiseptic practices. Both discoveries were still years away. Over 60 medical schools existed in America before the war, and apprenticeships with established physicians were also common. The usual course of study in a medical school consisted of two terms of six-month lectures, with the second term often being a repeat of the first.
Recruitment – All new recruits were supposed to receive a physical exam. Occasionally the exam was very superficial, allowing recruits to enter the army with chronic diseases and physical defects that would affect their performance as a soldier. With the number of men willing to enlist dwindling, both the North and South resorted to instituting a draft to secure the large number of soldiers needed to fight.
Camp Life – New recruits were sent to large camps to learn how to become soldiers. The first enemy they faced was disease. Healthy recruits became victims of illnesses that were easily spread due to the large number of people in the camps, the often unsanitary conditions, and the poor diet of the soldiers. Childhood diseases such as measles could devastate regiments and many men succumbed to diarrhea and dysentery. Of the nearly 620,000 soldiers who died during the Civil War, two-thirds died not of bullets and bayonets, but of disease.
Evacuation of the Wounded – At the beginning of the Civil War, there was no established system to transport wounded soldiers from the front lines to the field hospitals in the rear. In August of 1862, Dr. Jonathan Letterman, the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, created a highly-organized system of ambulances and trained stretcher bearers designed to evacuate the wounded as quickly as possible. A similar plan was adopted by the Confederate army. The Letterman Plan remains the basis for our present day military evacuation systems. Horses and mules were essential to the army and veterinary medicine played an important role in the war. Large infirmaries were developed to treat animals too sick or worn down to be of immediate use. An estimated one million horses died during the Civil War.
Field Dressing Station – Located close to the fighting, the first level of care received by a wounded soldier was at a field dressing station. Medical personnel bandaged wounds and administered whiskey for shock and morphine for pain. If the soldier was unable to return to battle, he was transported to a field hospital via ambulance or stretcher.
Field Hospital – At a field hospital, usually located in a barn or tent to the rear of the fighting, wounded soldiers were triaged into three categories: mortally wounded, slightly wounded, and surgical cases. Most surgeries were amputations and took place here. Of all the operations performed during the Civil War, 95% were done with the patient under some form of anesthesia. Chloroform and ether were the most common anesthetics. The large number of amputations performed during the war were the result of the severe nature of the wounds caused by the Minie ball, the number of wounded needing immediate treatment, and the often poor condition of the patients.
Pavilion Hospital – Prior to the Civil War, any system of hospitalization was virtually unknown. With the large number of wounded and sick needing long-term care, a network of general hospitals was created in cities in both the North and the South. At first existing buildings were used for hospitals, but soon both armies constructed large pavilion-style hospitals that were clean, well- ventilated, and highly-efficient. Surgeons, hospital stewards, both male and female nurses, matrons, laundresses, and volunteers from civilian associations all contributed to the care of the sick and wounded. Also important to note are the communities of religious women – such as the Daughters of Charity – who took part in the care of wounded and sick on battlefields, in hospitals, camps, and prisons for both the Union and the Confederacy. The quality of care that the patients received improved dramatically after the opening months of the war, and the general hospitals had an 8% mortality rate.
Embalming – Embalming was not widely practiced in the United States prior to the Civil War, but it was a useful way to preserve soldiers' bodies for shipment home. Most embalmers were surgeons or pharmacists with a knowledge of chemical compounds. They often followed the armies, setting up their makeshift embalming stations near battlefields, hospitals and railroad stations. It is estimated that between 10,000 and 40,000 soldiers were embalmed during the war. As a result, the procedure became more accepted and more common after the war.
Modern Military Medicine – Medical technology and scientific knowledge have changed dramatically since the Civil War, but the basic principles of military health care remain the same. Location of medical personnel near the action, rapid evacuation of the wounded, and providing adequate supplies of medicines and equipment continue to be crucial in the goal of saving soldiers' lives. As has been the case throughout the history of military medicine, the lessons learned and the technical developments made by the military rapidly find their way into civilian applications.
Additionally, throughout the exhibits there are special blue panels that highlight the military career of Union Private Peleg Bradford. In his own words, Bradford tells us his thoughts on the war, the condition of his regiment and the effect his enlistment had on the family he left behind.
* No flash photography * No food or drink *
* For your protection, exhibits are alarmed and monitored by cameras *