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Author Affiliations: Departments of Neurology (Drs Callaghan, Kerber, and Feldman), Internal Medicine (Mr McCammon and Dr Langa), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dr Xu), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor (Dr Langa).
Background Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder in which an extensive evaluation is often unrevealing.
Methods We sought to define diagnostic practice patterns as an early step in identifying opportunities to improve efficiency of care. The 1996-2007 Health and Retirement Study Medicare claims–linked database was used to identify individuals with an incident diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes and required no previous neuropathy diagnosis during the preceding 30 months. Focusing on 15 relevant tests, we examined the number and patterns of tests and specific test utilization 6 months before and after the incident neuropathy diagnosis. Medicare expenditures were assessed during the baseline, diagnostic, and follow-up periods.
Results Of the 12 673 patients, 1031 (8.1%) received a new International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis of neuropathy and met the study inclusion criteria. Of the 15 tests considered, a median of 4 (interquartile range, 2-5) tests were performed, with more than 400 patterns of testing. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine was ordered in 23.2% of patients, whereas a glucose tolerance test was rarely obtained (1.0%). Mean Medicare expenditures were significantly higher in the diagnostic period than in the baseline period ($14 362 vs $8067, P < .001).
Conclusions Patients diagnosed as having peripheral neuropathy typically undergo many tests, but testing patterns are highly variable. Almost one-quarter of patients receiving neuropathy diagnoses undergo high-cost, low-yield magnetic resonance imaging, whereas few receive low-cost, high-yield glucose tolerance tests. Expenditures increase substantially in the diagnostic period. More research is needed to define effective and efficient strategies for the diagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathy.
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating condition with a prevalence of 2% to 7% in the general population.1,2 The prevalence increases significantly in older adults, with a prevalence of approximately 15% in those older than 40 years.3 Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common subtype of neuropathy.4 Previous research suggests that a focused and directed evaluation is the optimal diagnostic approach in this patient population.5 The best evidence for diagnostic testing in DSP was recently summarized in a systematic review by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).4 Fasting glucose levels, vitamin B12 levels, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were supported by the literature based on the yield of these tests and the potential for subsequent interventions.4 A fasting glucose level is the most frequently used test to diagnose diabetes, which is the most common cause of DSP.6 Vitamin B12 deficiency causes a potentially treatable neuropathy with different characteristics than those in idiopathic neuropathy.7 The use of GTTs and SPEP is supported by evidence8- 10 that patients with neuropathy have a substantially increased prevalence of these abnormalities compared with control groups. Evidence to support other diagnostic tests in the evaluation of DSP is lacking.
Even after an extensive evaluation, the cause of many peripheral neuropathy cases remains unknown.11 Furthermore, even when a specific cause is identified, only a few therapies exist. The most common etiology for DSP is diabetes, which is treated with glycemic control. Immunosuppressive medications are used for certain rare subtypes of neuropathy, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and mononeuritis multiplex. However, there are few disease-modifying therapies for patients with DSP, and pain management becomes paramount regardless of etiology. Because DSP composes most peripheral neuropathy, many of these cases are idiopathic, and few treatments are available; efficient diagnostic testing is particularly important in this population.
No previous studies, to our knowledge, have described the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy in routine clinical care. This information is important because it can provide insights into opportunities for optimizing care and setting future research priorities. In this study, we used a large, nationally representative health survey, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), that is linked to Medicare claims data to identify a cohort with incident peripheral neuropathy and to determine evaluation practices by all physicians.
Data for this analysis came from respondents to 1 or more waves of the HRS biennial interview between January 1998 and December 2006, with linked Medicare Standard Analytical Files data. This database combines the rich demographic detail from the HRS with the extensive health care utilization data available in Medicare claims. We identified individuals with incident peripheral neuropathy, defined as persons who had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and no previous diagnosis during the preceding 30 months (incident diagnoses range from March 1998–June 2007). All the ICD-9 codes for peripheral neuropathy were included (354.5, 356.0-9, and 357.0-9). Individuals were included if they were at least 65 years old at the start of the baseline period, were continuously enrolled in Medicare parts A and B fee-for-service from 30 months preceding the index diagnosis through 6 months after the index diagnosis, and completed an HRS interview within 3 years before the diagnosis date. We also identified a matched comparison group using a propensity score method (eMethods).
Key demographic variables that were identified from the HRS interview included age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, body mass index, alcohol intake, and limitations in activities of daily living. The Medicare claims database provided the diabetes status of the patient based on the Chronic Condition Data Warehouse definition (≥1 inpatient, skilled nursing, or home health claim or 2 outpatient or carrier claims with diagnostic codes 249.x, 250.x, 357.2, 362.01, 362.02, or 366.31 during the 2-year matching period).12 Moreover, ICD-9 diagnosis codes identified patients with diabetic complications other than neuropathy. Medicare claims also provided information on chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and cancer.
Tests were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes and included fasting glucose level, hemoglobin A1c level, GTT, SPEP, B12 level, antinuclear antibody test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyrotropin level, complete blood cell count, and comprehensive metabolic panel. Electrodiagnostic tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies (brain, cervical, thoracic, or lumbosacral spine) were also identified. These tests were selected based on their relevance to the diagnostic evaluation of DSP.
Medicare payment information was obtained from the Medicare Standard Analytical Files and included all payments found in the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review, outpatient, carrier, home health, hospice, and durable medical equipment files. We evaluated expenditures during the baseline (6-18 months before diagnosis), diagnostic (6 months before and after diagnosis), and follow-up (6-18 months after diagnosis) periods.
The number and patterns of testing were assessed during the diagnostic period (6 months before and after the index diagnosis). This time frame was chosen because tests are frequently ordered for this condition before the firm establishment of a diagnosis. Medicare expenditures were calculated during the baseline, diagnostic, and follow-up periods. T tests were used when comparing continuous variables. Sensitivity analyses were conducted after the exclusion of patients with a diagnosis of mononeuritis multiplex, demyelinating neuropathy, or hereditary neuropathy. All the analyses were performed using a commercially available software program (SAS, version 9.1; SAS Institute, Inc).
Of the 12 673 patients in the HRS-Medicare claims database, 1031 (8.1%) received a new ICD-9 diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy during the 10-year study and met the inclusion criteria. Demographic and other characteristics of the population are given in the Table. The mean age of this population was 77.6 years, and 54.0% were female. Twelve percent of the patients were non-Hispanic black and 8.0% were Hispanic; 41.5% met the Chronic Condition Data Warehouse definition of diabetes and 16.3% had other diabetic complications. Demographics and clinical variables from a matched comparison group are given in eTable 1.
In patients with diabetes, the most common ICD-9 neuropathy diagnosis was polyneuropathy in diabetes (44.4%), followed by different idiopathic classifications (47.8%). In addition, 6.6% of patients with diabetes were classified as having neuropathy due to other diseases (including toxins, drugs, and inflammatory conditions), 1.4% as having hereditary neuropathies, and 0.2% as having acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Of patients without diabetes, 80.0% had an ICD-9 diagnosis of idiopathic neuropathy, followed by 11.7% with neuropathy due to other diseases, 4.7% with hereditary neuropathies, 3.5% with diabetes (new diagnosis of diabetes), 1.0% with mononeuritis multiplex, 1.0% with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and 0.3% with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.
Of the 15 relevant tests assessed, the median number of tests performed per patient was 4 (interquartile range, 2-5). There were more than 400 patterns of testing in this population, with no single pattern occurring in more than 4.8% of patients. Furthermore, no particular test was common to all the top patterns.
A fasting glucose level was ordered in 23.4% of patients with neuropathy, and a hemoglobin A1c level was ordered in 43.2% (Figure 1). B12 levels were ordered in 32.6% of patients with neuropathy and SPEP was performed in 13.3%. In the nondiabetic population, a hemoglobin A1c level was ordered in only 17.1% of cases, B12 levels in 40.6%, and SPEP in 18.7% (Figure 1). Only 10 patients (1.0%) received a GTT. In contrast, 23.2% of patients received at least 1 MRI of the brain or spinal cord (Figure 2). The most common types of MRI performed were brain (13.7%), lumbar spine (9.6%), cervical spine (5.0%), and thoracic spine (1.9%). An electromyogram was performed in 19.8% of patients with neuropathy. Of those receiving an electrodiagnostic test, the mean (SD) number of nerves evaluated on nerve conduction studies was 8.79 (6.89) (median, 7.0; interquartile range, 5-10; range, 1-48). Patients with 1 to 14 nerves evaluated on nerve conduction studies were 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1-3.9) times more likely to have an MRI than were those who received no test. Those with 15 or more nerves evaluated (>1 SD greater than the mean) were 5.2 (95% CI, 2.6-10.3) times more likely to have an MRI than were those who received no test. A complete blood cell count was ordered in 73.1% of patients, thyrotropin level in 55.2%, comprehensive metabolic panel in 53.2%, erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 28.7%, and the antinuclear antibody test in 11.2% (Figure 3). Test utilization from a matched comparison group is given in eFigures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 1. Utilization of diabetic and American Academy of Neurology–recommended tests in 1031 patients with peripheral neuropathy. GTT indicates glucose tolerance test; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; and SPEP, serum protein electrophoresis.
Figure 2. Utilization of electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 1031 patients with peripheral neuropathy.
Figure 3. Utilization of common diagnostic tests in 1031 patients with peripheral neuropathy. ANA indicates antinuclear antibody; CBC, complete blood cell count; CMP, comprehensive metabolic panel; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PT, prothrombin time; and PTT, partial thromboplastin time.
In the baseline period, before ICD-9 diagnosis of neuropathy, the mean Medicare expenditures were $8067. During the diagnostic period, the mean expenditures increased significantly to $14 362 (P < .001). This increase was also observed after excluding patients with diabetes (mean: $12 190 vs $6633, P < .001). In the follow-up period, the mean Medicare expenditures remained higher (all patients with neuropathy: $11 748; excluding patients with diabetes: $9794) than in the baseline period but were lower than during the diagnostic period. Expenditures from a matched comparison group are given in eTable 2.
Using a nationally representative sample of older US adults, we found that more than 8.1% of the individuals had a new diagnosis of neuropathy and met the inclusion criteria during this 10-year study. Many tests were ordered during the diagnostic period for peripheral neuropathy, but the evaluation was highly variable. Magnetic resonance images of the brain and spine were frequently ordered, whereas the GTT was rarely ordered. Significant increases in cost occurred during the diagnostic period compared with the baseline period. These findings suggest substantial opportunity to improve efficiency in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy.
The large variation in testing indicates little consensus on an appropriate testing strategy in this population. With more than 400 total patterns of tests and no pattern accounting for more than 4.8% of the total number, no standard approach to the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy currently exists. Similarly, the number of nerves tested on nerve conduction studies exhibited substantial variation but the mean was close to the recommended number of nerves for patients entering a clinical trial as suggested by a 2009 AAN practice parameter. Substantial utilization of diagnostic tests was observed, exhibited by a median of 4 tests ordered of the 15 tests evaluated. Patients with more nerves evaluated on nerve conduction studies also had a higher chance of undergoing an MRI, another expensive test. More research is needed to determine the optimal approach to this prevalent condition and to disseminate this information to the physicians who care for these patients.
When examining test utilization, 2 significant deviations from expected clinical practice and the tests supported by the best available evidence were discovered. The first was that a large proportion of these patients received MRIs of the brain or spine. In fact, each segment of the neuroaxis (brain, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine) underwent MRI at a higher-than-expected frequency. When combining all MRI tests together, utilization was even more dramatic, with nearly 1 in 4 undergoing at least 1 MRI. For a condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, this degree of utilization is substantial and suggests that many physicians have significant uncertainty when localizing neuropathy symptoms to the peripheral nervous system. The use of MRI may also result from the large proportion of patients with idiopathic neuropathy, from the fact that results of electrodiagnostic studies can be nondiagnostic or normal, or from patient preferences. Another possibility is that patients with neuropathy are at higher risk for other conditions or symptoms that warrant MRI.
The second deviation from expected practice is that GTTs are rarely ordered. In fact, only 1.0% of this neuropathy population received GTTs. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in otherwise idiopathic patients with neuropathy is higher compared with that of historical controls, and the type of neuropathy in these patients is different (more sensory and painful neuropathies).9,10 Therefore, emerging data support impaired glucose tolerance as potentially one of the most common etiologies of neuropathy, although controversy still exists.13- 15 This condition is also one of the few potentially treatable causes of neuropathy, with diet and exercise preventing a large percentage of patients from going on to develop diabetes and its inherent risk of neuropathy progression.16 One potential reason for the extremely low utilization of this test is the fact that many physicians use hemoglobin A1c levels to identify individuals with prediabetes.16 However, the cutoff point used to define prediabetes with this test has low sensitivity, and many patients in the Diabetes Prevention Program would not have been included using this criterion.17 These results indicate that 2 of the first steps in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy may be investigating why so many MRIs are ordered and determining the barriers to utilization of the GTT.
The other 3 tests supported by the AAN systematic review (fasting glucose level, B12 level, and SPEP) were ordered less frequently than expected. In fact, only 49.8% of patients with neuropathy received 1 or more of these 3 tests, and only 17.3% received 2 or more. Although some patients with peripheral neuropathy may not need these tests if they have a well-established cause, these numbers are still significantly lower than if the 25% to 40% of patients that end up with an idiopathic diagnosis were evaluated.11 B12 levels are ordered much more frequently than is SPEP, emphasizing the fact that many physicians do not recognize the evidence in support of ordering this test. Although these data were collected from a period before release of the AAN review, they highlight that physicians were not ordering the tests with the highest levels of evidence to support their use. Understanding the obstacles to the utilization of these tests will be paramount to improving the efficiency of diagnostic testing in this population.
Medicare expenditures in this population rose substantially during the diagnostic period. The expenditures decreased during 12 months of follow-up but did not return to baseline. This pattern is not surprising given the findings that patients with a new diagnosis of neuropathy undergo an extensive evaluation. These expenditures, however, may also reflect other broad expenditures related to their disabling condition, including orthotic devices, walking assist devices, office visits, and hospitalizations, to name a few. These other expenditures likely explain the persistent increase in expenditures in this population, but the transient increase in the diagnostic period is at least partially explained by costs associated with diagnostic tests. Therefore, understanding the relative impact of these tests is important in allowing physicians to practice efficient care, especially in a patient population in whom the etiology frequently remains unclear and there are few disease-modifying therapies. Future studies examining which diagnostic tests are driving the costs and whether they are effective and useful in this population are essential.
This study has important limitations. The ICD-9 diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with peripheral neuropathy, which may lead to misclassification bias. Peripheral neuropathy is a heterogeneous condition, and certain rare subtypes of neuropathy may require a different evaluation than those with DSP. However, few patients in this study had an ICD-9 diagnosis indicating a rarer subtype of neuropathy, and a sensitivity analysis excluding patients with a diagnosis of mononeuritis multiplex, demyelinating neuropathy, or hereditary neuropathy did not significantly change the results. Many patients were included who have a known cause of neuropathy, and these patients may not require any workup for the cause of their neuropathy. On the other hand, 80.0% of the patients without diabetes were coded as idiopathic neuropathy, and the patterns observed in this group were similar to those in the entire cohort. Another limitation is that there are likely patients with neuropathy who did not receive an ICD-9 diagnosis, and this population may be biased toward those with more severe neuropathy. Yet, the high incidence of neuropathy in the present cohort gives support to the likelihood that we are capturing a large proportion of the population with neuropathy. An additional limitation is that we did not investigate detailed information on why patients are receiving specific tests. For example, some of the patients who underwent MRI may have had another indication for this test, such as spinal arthritis. It is also possible that patients with a neuropathy diagnosis were more likely to see a specialist in neurology, which subsequently led to an increase in neurology-specific tests. However, the magnitude of MRI utilization makes these factors unlikely to account for all these tests. We also do not know whether the increase in Medicare expenditures is specifically related to the evaluation of neuropathy. We investigated total expenditures, which includes other nondiagnostic test–related expenditures. On the other hand, the expenditures increased substantially around the time of diagnosis and then decreased toward but not entirely back to that of the baseline period in the subsequent year. We also studied a Medicare population composed largely of patients older than 67 years. How these results apply to a younger population or one with private or no insurance is unclear.
In conclusion, in routine practice from 1998 to 2007, the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy involved substantial use of diagnostic tests, with wide variation in testing patterns. Magnetic resonance imaging, a costly and low-yield test, is frequently performed during the diagnostic period for neuropathy. On the other hand, the GTT, the optimal test for identifying one of the most common and treatable causes of DSP (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes), is rarely performed. The evaluation and management of peripheral neuropathy is associated with substantial increases in health expenditures. These findings indicate an important opportunity to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the diagnostic evaluation of this prevalent disease.
Correspondence: Brian Callaghan, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Mail Stop 4021 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: October 8, 2011.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Callaghan, Kerber, Xu, Langa, and Feldman. Analysis and interpretation of data: Callaghan, McCammon, Kerber, Langa, and Feldman. Drafting of the manuscript: Callaghan. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: McCammon, Kerber, Xu, Langa, and Feldman. Statistical analysis: Callaghan, McCammon, and Kerber. Obtained funding: Langa and Feldman. Study supervision: Callaghan, Langa, and Feldman.
Financial Disclosure: Dr Kerber has received speaker honoraria from the AAN 2010 and 2011 annual meetings and has performed consulting work for the AAN.
Funding/Support: Drs Callaghan and Feldman were supported by a National Institutes of Health T32 grant, the Katherine Rayner Program, and the Taubman Medical Institute. The HRS was supported by grant U01 AG09740 from the National Institute on Aging and was performed at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Dr Langa was supported by grant R01 AG030155 from the National Institute on Aging. Dr Kerber was supported by grant K23 RR024009 from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, and grant R18 HS017690 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Previous Presentation: This study was presented at the 63rd American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting; April 12, 2011; Honolulu, Hawaii.
Additional Contributions: James Burke, MD, reviewed and edited the manuscript.
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Just because the season is changing, the temperature is dropping, and the snow is beginning to fall does not mean that the season for paintball has to be over. If you enjoy playing paintball, then the changing of the weather gives you the chance to play the same game in a little bit of a different way. In order to ensure that you stay safe while playing, you will need to be prepared with your gear and clothing for the cold weather.
Dress Warm
Ensuring that you wear the appropriate clothing will help keep you warm while you are outside in the elements. The best option is to dress in layers. This will give you the opportunity to take a layer off if you become hot and put another layer on when you become cold.
Keep Your Feet Warm and Dry
You should ensure that you wear a pair of waterproof boots that are tall to keep your feet dry while outside in the snow. If you wear boots that are shorter, snow is likely to get inside. Also wear a pair of warm socks to help keep your feet warm, double up if it is an exceptionally cold day. It doesn't hurt to bring an extra pair of socks in case your original pairs get wet or your feet get cold.
Cover Your Head
As many people are aware, heat most commonly escapes from your head, so it is essential that you keep this part of your body covered and warm. Ear warmers, hats, scarves or even a face mask should suffice. If it's snowing you may want to wear something with a hood to help block out snow hitting you in the face.
Protect Your Eyes
When you play paintball you always protect your eyes by wearing goggles, but during the winter, you will need to protect your eyes from the harsh winter elements as well. With snow on the ground and the sun shining bright, it can be extremely difficult to see and even painful for your eyes. Some goggles have UV protection, but if yours do not, you will want to wear a pair of sunglasses under your goggles.
Keep Your Hands Warm
Wearing thick, bulky gloves while you are playing paintball is not ideal. It is best to wear a thinner pair of gloves that still allow you to pull the trigger of the gun with ease. In order to ensure that your hands stay warm and that you do not get frostbite, you should consider wearing heated glove liners or heated gloves.
Camouflage Yourself
When you are playing in the winter with snow on the ground, you should consider wearing white in order to hide yourself within your surroundings. If snow has not settled yet, typical brown camouflage should be fine against the backdrop of dead trees.
Keep Your CO2 From Freezing
Your CO2 will not work as well when it begins to get cold, so you should keep in it a pocket close to your body in order to keep it warm from body heat. You could also consider putting the CO2 cartridge within a heated sock, but make sure it doesn't get too warm. Another option is to upgrade to a gun that uses HPA tanks that are made for use within the winter.
Use The Appropriate Paintballs
There are paintballs that are specially made to be used in cold temperatures and are an essential choice to use in the winter. Standard paintballs will become brittle within the cold temperatures and could break apart, however if this is your only option you could keep the paint loaders within your jacket to prevent them from becoming too cold.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chase20460 wrote:SARG27044 wrote:JEEZ. Does everyone throw 150ft farther than me? Nice MBD
I know what you mean, I throw a solid 420-440ft, but mainly around 380ft with consistency. Why am I playing in the pro division if everybody and thier mom can throw over 500'?
In other words.....YOUR NOT THROWING 500FT SHOTS. THAT IS ( Probably For You ) A JUMP PUTT AWAY FROM 2 FOOTBALL FIELDS.
Exactly, I guess when playing tourneys/league players are just having off days


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Andrew McGavern '13 (political science) came to UMass wanting to be a physician. "After a drawn-out battle with chemistry—which I lost, terribly—I decided to study something I like," he says. An introductory comparative politics class did the trick.
Besides developing a well-rounded understanding of domestic and international political systems, McGavern says his experience in the Political Science Department greatly improved his writing and critical thinking skills. Discussion-based classes, he says, were heavily research and writing oriented, and most of the upper level courses, he notes, had less than 20 people enrolled, which allowed for substantive conversation and debate.
"Professors here are passionate about their research and passing on their knowledge to the next generation," says McGavern. "I attended office hours regularly, sometimes out of necessity, but also just to chat and learn more about them. Faculty and staff have phenomenal stories to tell, and it's worth taking the time to learn what brought them to where they are."
All that said, McGavern acknowledges that his academic experience was segmented due to some personal circumstances that caused him to take time off after sophomore year. "I worked as a legal assistant at an immigration law firm, applying my hitherto educational and professional training to challenging immigration casework. When it was time for me to come back to UMass, I felt rejuvenated, refreshed and ready to take on my studies with a renewed outlook and positive energy. Taking that time off was one of the best decisions I've made."
Back on campus McGavern frequently met with Diane Curtis, pre-law advisor, about attending law school. Ultimately, he decided a law career wasn't for him. Instead, it seemed that public policy would be the perfect way for McGavern to strengthen his analytical foundation and enable him to affect positive change at the local, state and national levels.
Receiving the Mileur Internship Fund award, McGavern worked in the summer of 2012 as public policy associate for the Massachusetts Nonprofit Network (MNN) in Boston. "I assisted MNN in developing a public policy agenda by conducting quantitative and qualitative research designed to assess regional trends in policy advocacy. This involved extensive contact with CEOs and policy managers of statewide nonprofit associations and the synthesis of large quantities of data."
Meanwhile, McGavern was accepted into the Accelerated Master of Public Policy Program (MPP) at the Center for Public Policy and Administration (CPPA). CPPA is the hub of interdisciplinary public policy research, teaching and engagement at UMass and aims to connect ideas with action. The MPP allows students to earn credits that count toward both their bachelor's and master's degrees, making it less expensive than earning separate undergraduate and graduate degrees.
As part of the MPP curriculum, students complete a three-credit internship after completing their undergraduate degrees. An SBS Internship Award enabled McGavern to accept one with the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI), part of the Clinton Foundation. CGI convenes global leaders to develop and implement innovative solutions to the world's most pressing challenges.
Working with the director of commitments, McGavern was responsible for implementing a departmental strategic portfolio review, external communications with CEOs and directors of prominent organizations, assisting the department with its intern selection process, researching for organization venues, and assisting with the overall streamlining of the department. "I also had the opportunity to meet President Clinton—I don't think I've ever been so nervous!"
During that period McGavern also volunteered as a caseworker for Operation Hope, assisting victims of Hurricane Sandy. "I was able to give back to the local community while benefiting the global community through CGI. It was an amazing summer, and I felt that I really was able to affect positive change in the lives of others."
With plans to enter the field of government or nonprofit administration, McGavern has yet to decide if he wants to work at the local, state or federal level. This spring he has a fellowship at the Western Massachusetts Office of Governor Deval Patrick in Springfield. "I'm helping to spearhead a civic engagement initiative to promote public-private partnerships and build capacity for nonprofits, local businesses and government agencies to better serve low-income residents in the city and surrounding municipalities. I am also applying for a number of government internships and fellowships for this summer. Someday, when I have amassed sufficient experience, I hope to run for public office."
McGavern hails the unlimited potential UMass offers, noting that numerous friends have gone on to top graduate schools, and others have begun rewarding careers in a variety of fields. "There are many more resources here than at smaller liberal arts colleges because of the substantial research credentials of our professors and the various capacity-building student development offices and organizations. But it is up to you to seek out these opportunities and begin thinking about what you want to do before your final year. Think strategically. There are plenty of staff and faculty willing to help you through the process. Don't be afraid to ask for help."


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SAN MARCOS, Texas – Ball State University ignited for 14 hits and the Texas A&M - Corpus Christi softball team suffered its first loss of the season 12-2, Saturday in the CenturyLink Classic, hosted by Texas State. The Cardinals (2-0) scored in the first three innings before a three-run home run by Lauren Schroeder in the fifth ended the game.
Freshman Mackinzee Griebel went 2-for-3 in her first game as an Islander. She was outstanding at the plate with two doubles and an RBI. She also had an impressive diving play in right field for her first putout of her career. Mickayla Cochran, Lindsey Lyles, Valerie Perez and Dani Tefft all added singles for the Islanders' offense. Freshman Brittney Morse added the Islanders' third double of the game in the fourth with a blast to left center.
In the opening frame, Griebel led things off with a double to right field and Cochran reached on a hit by pitch, however the Cardinals escaped the inning. Ball State followed with three runs on four hits in the bottom of the first to take a 3-0 lead. The Cardinals padded its lead to 7-0 in the second with four runs on a pair of hits and two Islanders' errors.
The Islanders got on the board in the top of the third with two runs on three hits to pull within five. Tefft led the inning with a single up the middle and scored on a Griebel double down the left field line. After a fly out, Lyles singled to right field to advance Griebel to third. J.J. Jackson followed with a RBI ground out to first to score Griebel and post the Islanders' second run of the game. A pop up by Valerie Perez capped the Islanders' scoring.
Ball State tacked on two runs on three hits and an Islanders' throwing error in the third to extend its lead back to seven. The Islanders held the Cardinals in the fourth before a three-run home run over the center field fence by Schroeder lifted Ball State to its second victory of the season.
The Islanders will continue play tonight against Southern Illinois at 7 p.m.
Live stats and video can be found HERE on the CenturyLink Classic Central Page and as always follow Islanders Softball on Twitter and Instagram (@IslandersSball) and Facebook (Islanders Softball) for the latest information.


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Guinea, which is one of the wettest countries in West Africa, looks out on to the Atlantic Ocean and has a 320 km long coastline. The period from May to October has the highest rainfall. Guinea has a large number of sites that you certainly must visit. Fouta Djalon is a plateau at the heart of the country with beautiful green hills and mountains that are over 1,000 metres high.
In Conakry, you will be immediately immersed in an African atmosphere, with men playing music on traditional instruments and women and children dancing.


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Audio: Filmmaker Ken Burns on 'The Central Park Five' and racial inequality in America
'The Central Park Five' is different from most of Burns' work in that it is quite recent, and focusing on a crime that made huge headlines that many of us remember vividly.
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Other Dice Sets
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Black Fire Opal Polyhedral Dice Set$8.70
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Add a little bit of magic and mystery to your game with this complete seven-piece fantasy dice set. Gold numerals adorn translucent, iridescent black dice.

A set of seven polyhedral dice for adventure gaming, including a four-sided die, a six-sided die, an eight-sided die, two ten-sided dice, a twelve-sided die, and a twenty-sided die.
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Friday Spotlight: Oracle VM Design Considerations Webcast
By Chris Kawalek-Oracle on Jun 13, 2014
Happy Friday!
Our spotlight this week is on the on-demand version of our recent Oracle VM Design Considerations for Enterprise Scale Deployments webcast. If you missed it (or thought it didn't have anything to with Linux), have a look, I think you'l be very interested in the content. It describes the massive deployment for Oracle Managed Cloud Services, and while there is a lot of Oracle VM specific info, there are deep ties to Oracle Linux as well.
If you're managing a large deployment or want to see how Oracle approaches problems of this scale, it's well worth watching.
On Demand: Oracle VM - Design Considerations for Enterprise Scale Deployments webcast
Also, check out this cool infographic on the deployment.
See you next week!


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24th EICAR Annual Conference 201617.10.2016-18.10.2016
The conference brings together experts from industry, government, military, law enforcement...
» read more
The presentations from WG2 meeting June 07th 2016 are online.read more >>
The registration for the EICAR Conference 2016 has started.read more >>
The 24th EICAR Conference will be held on October 17th and 18th 2016 in Nurember read more >>
With the IT Security Solution Airlock Suite from the Swiss company ERGON has EICAR certified the first non AV IT-Security Product.
The Airlock Suite fulfils all the read more >>
AV-Comparatives meets all requirements of EICAR standard.
EICAR has, as part of its initiative EICAR Minimum Standards, certified the first IT-security testing lab. AV-Comparatives, ba read more >>


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The annual Best of the Lake survey is now closed. Thank you for participating.
All first-place winners will be contacted shortly.
Winners will be recognized in the May/June 2013 issue of Lake Lifestyles magazine, which will be on stands in early May. Results will not be announced publicly until then.
Please send questions and comments about the survey to firstname.lastname@example.com. We would love to hear suggestions on how to improve the survey for 2014!
Lake Lifestyles magazine is the Lake's most popular magazine, with three times the number of paid subscribers than any other magazine at Lake of the Ozarks.
Visit www.TheLakeOnline.com for more stories and information you need to enjoy the Lake life.
Location, ST | website.com


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Women's Nike Dri-FIT Knit Half-Zip Running Shirt
Technology is a beautiful thing. From smart phones to cars that can literally drive themselves, our world is becoming faster and more intuitive. Naturally, that carries over into our performance gear. Nike takes technology to the next level with the intelligent (and might we add, comfortable!) Nike Dri-FIT Knit Half-Zip Running Shirt.
What's so smart about a running top? This advanced technical top features climate control zones to help you to stay completely comfortable on your run. How does it work? Variations in fabric density warm or cool as needed, helping to regulate your body temperature so you can focus on your run. In addition, mesh zones ensure breathability right where you need it.
What's a brilliant piece of gear without good looks? This top has it all, as it also features a streamlined fit, half-zip style with mock-neck and longer length for extra coverage. Run on ladies!
- FABRIC: 100% nylon Dri-FIT
- FIT: Slim with a longer length
- CARE: Machine wash


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Looking for a Pitcher, we are a 14u travel team playing out of South Bend, IN
If interested, please Contact: Doug at 574-274-7621 or email@example.com to setup a tryout.
ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators.


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PLEASANTON -- Adept Technology suffered a deeper loss and slumping sales for its first quarter of fiscal 2013 that ended in September, the maker of intelligent industrial robots and software reported.
"The results of the first fiscal quarter were severely impacted by economic weakness that drove global cuts in capital spending resulting in delayed orders and slowed customer deployments," Adept CEO John Dulchinos said in a prepared release.
Pleasanton-based Adept lost $3.1 million compared to a year-ago loss of $619,000. Sales totaled $11.4 million, down 31 percent from the year before.
"The decline was widespread but most significantly affected our customers in Asia and Europe." Dulchinos said. "We are disappointed with the results."
Contact George Avalos at 925-977-8477. Follow him at twitter.com/george_avalos.


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Local Events for the Foodie in You: Week of Nov 26th!
I hope everyone enjoyed their Thanksgiving! Can you believe by the end of this week it will already be December? There's so much to do in so little time at the end of the year. I'm so excited for all of the holiday movies, lights and just the general feeling of it all. Hopefully you all have time to visit the city & enjoy some amazing foodie events!


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Fire Prevention Week runs through Friday and is held in conjunction with October being National Fire Safety Month.
It is a worthwhile designation. Obviously, fire safety is critical in the lives of all of us.
However, it should not be contained to simply a week or month. Fire safety needs to be practiced 24/7, 365. Simply put, it needs to be practiced every day.
We believe proper training begins with our youth. Providing education at a young age helps ingrain the proper practices needed to ensure fire safety.
Fire Prevention Week dates its inception back to 1922. During the ensuing 90 years, the observance has likely saved countless lives by emphasizing the importance for safety and providing the educational tools to make it happen.
Every year, the National Fire Safety Council picks a theme. This year's is "Two Ways Out."
That being the case, parents and guardians should make sure their children know exactly how to exit their house should a fire occur. Secondly, if a fire does take place, a safe meeting place outside the structure should be mapped ahead of time.
Also, both children and adults alike should learn the "Stop, Drop and Roll" technique.
Such preparations are needed as fires are both common and deadly, as reinforced in these facts.
It goes without saying that fires occur all too often, causing damage and unfortunately death. To their credit, local firefighters are holding school safety programs this week.
We commend them. What they show our students also needs reinforced on the homefront frequently.
While fires will always rear their ugly flames, they need not turn fatal with the proper instruction.


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ALBANY -- Candles and flowers filled a small table in the parking lot next to Zaki Kabob House on Tuesday night -- a scene repeated across the country in the wake of the school shooting in Newtown, Conn., on Dec. 14. A small group of people gathered in the cold and wind to light the candles and talk about gun violence.
The shocking nature of the Newtown shooting -- 20 children and six adults dead -- was extreme, one of the worst mass shootings in American history.
However, two points stood out: Newtown, like Albany, is a small town where nobody would expect something like this; and although Albany normally doesn't face day-to-day gun violence, the East Bay has been devastated by shooting after shooting.
"It's a nice little bedroom community," Oakland resident Bobbe Leviten said of Albany. "It has always been safe. The schools are good. Nobody expects it to happen. I would be just as shocked if this happened in Albany."
Such a tragedy could happen anywhere, Leviten said, adding, "As long as we sensationalize it and as long as we allow anybody to buy any kind of gun and weapon, it's going to happen. It could happen here next."
Ramzy Ayyad, catering manager at Zaki Kabob House on San Pablo Avenue, organized the vigil. His family was touched by gun violence in June, 2010, when his 20-year-old brother Asama was killed in a shooting in Richmond.
Asama Ayyad was driving in Richmond and a van pulled up and one of the people stuck a gun out and shot Ayyad multiple times. Ayyad tried to drive away but eventually crashed into a telephone pole.
The shooter said after he was caught that he intended to shoot someone else.
"What's ironic about his death is one of his childhood friends was shot in Oakland," Ramzy Ayyad said. "He was putting a decal of his friend on his car -- in Arabic, 'Rest in peace.' He came to me and said, 'I've got one more. Do you want to put one on your car?' I said, 'No, I don't have any room on my window.' He gets in his car and drives away. Those were his last words."
Ramzy Ayyad learned of the Newtown shooting while working out in a gym. That night, he fell asleep in front of the television, then woke up at 3 a.m. and started sobbing.
"I don't do that, I don't like doing that," he said. "I felt really affected by that. I thought of my brother. One day after that, my mom said, 'Why not have a vigil?'"
Ayyad noted that Albany is between Richmond and Oakland, where gun violence is part of everyday life.
"It's shielded," he said. "I felt that Newtown is similar to Albany. It can happen over here, unfortunately. Like (President) Obama said, it's something that needs to be looked at. On both sides, Republican and Democrat. I would think that they would both agree that after this, something needs to be done."
Ayyad went to Kennedy High School in Richmond. He said classmates never wanted to talk about the violence that had affected them.
"Now I see why," he said. "It just brings up these emotions. To never see your brother again, someone you grew up with. It just brings up these emotions in my head when you see stuff like this. You see it on TV, you think about the parents right before the holidays. They bought gifts for their kids. Some of them probably had to have a closed casket because they shot them in the face. That's something very traumatic."
The Ayyad family immigrated to the United States from Palestine in 1979 to escape the violence in their homeland.
"My mother and father, they were refugees," Ramzy Ayyad said. "They saw all that stuff. They used to tell me stories how, during the Seven-Day War, they were walking in the desert, dead bodies all around, planes overhead. They were walking to Jordan. They just saw death and destruction all around them and they decided it was time to come here. Thirty, 40 years later, it's still around. Not as much, but it's still there. It still has an affect on your life."
Ayyad has been working to make Zaki Kabob House an integral part of the community in Albany, organizing fundraisers for the libraries here and in El Cerrito, among many things.
"It's such a nice gesture that they did," Leviten said of the vigil. "It's something that I expected they will do. Gestures like this are incredibly important. And I'm glad they do it."


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Because nobody should be forced to endure an entire 30 minutes of America's most overexposed family every Sunday night, we'll be watching Keeping Up With the Kardashians for you and reporting back with a clip of each episode's most cringeworthy 15 or so seconds.
Tonight, after being pestered by Khloe and Kourtney—and because she was fed up with reports to the contrary—Kim set off to prove that her ass was 100% au naturel by taking an x-ray of it. In the above clip, watch the newly vindicated bride-to-be gloat over the fact that we all now know her butt is indeed real.


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|Students & Alumni
|Faculty & Staff
A student who incurs a First Academic Suspension may not enroll in the University for a minimum of one semester. Summer term does not count as a semester for terms of suspension. A student returning from academic suspension will be on Academic Warning status. A student who incurs a Second Academic Suspension may not enroll in the University for a minimum of two semesters. A student who incurs a Third Academic Suspension will be expelled from the University.
The main point is students have one semester on warning. If they go on warning at the end of fall and do not make their grades, they are suspended at the end of spring.
Given these changes, it is imperative if a student is placed on academic warning, that he/she seek assistance immediately. There are a number of things a student can do:


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Soundcloud needs to make it rain
Music website holds buried classical treasures
Garrett Harris 4 p.m., Aug. 29
Basilica of St. Francis, Assisi
Photo by Derek Ray
Posted September 14, 2013
Garrett Harris 4 p.m., Aug. 29
Dorian Hargrove 2:30 p.m., Aug. 29
Bob Lampert 1:30 p.m., Aug. 29
Barbarella Fokos 11 a.m., Aug. 29
Barbara Zaragoza 9:30 a.m., Aug. 29
Various Authors 1 p.m., Aug. 28
Robert Bush noon, Aug. 28
© 2016 San Diego Reader. All rights reserved. No part of this site may be reproduced without our written permission.
Each newsletter subscription means another chance to win!Close


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Advisers on the Move
Track the latest teams of advisers and brokers who are changing firms and view recruiting activity at wirehouses, regional brokerages, RIAs and independent broker-dealers.
For production and additional details, click on adviser(s) name for full profile.
Disclaimer: The moves in this database come from a number of sources: InvestmentNews and other media reports, press releases, and direct submissions that have been reviewed by InvestmentNews. Any corrections, updates or clarifications should be e-mailed directly to the IN staff.


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Ohio transportation officials say filters on roadsides used to reduce pollution from the rainwater runoff don't work and won't be used anymore.
The state has since 2005 used exfiltration trenches as a pollution-control feature in new and expanded highways.
They were supposed to replace the concrete rain channels that separate curbs from asphalt. Instead of flowing straight to a storm drain, rainwater is supposed to soak through layers of porous concrete and gravel to filter pollutants.
But The Columbus Dispatch reports Monday that they've been scrapped after researchers at Ohio University determined they are prone to clogs.
The finding undercuts the state's efforts to meet state pollution standards that are supposed to protect streams and aquatic wildlife from storm runoff.
Location, ST | website.com


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EXETER -- Exeter Packaging & Logistics, located at 115 Court Street in Exeter, celebrated their new location as well as becoming new members of the Exeter Area Chamber of Commerce with a ribbon cutting ceremony, courtesy of the Exeter Area Chamber.
The Exeter Area Chamber of Commerce is an association of approximately 500 businesses working together to enhance the business climate and quality of life in the towns of Brentwood, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Kingston, Newfields, Newmarket, Kensington, Raymond and Stratham.
For membership information call 603-772-2411 or email email@example.com.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article
Location, ST | website.com


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OAKLAND -- A 22-year-old Oakland mother who killed her 2-year-old daughter was sent to prison for at least 15 years Tuesday during an emotional hearing that even caused the judge to break down in tears.
"It's not even pain; it's not even hurt. It's misery," said Joseph Russell Jr., the father of Kamilah Russell. "This is the worst moment a father has to face in his life; this little girl was my beginning of fatherhood."
Paramedics found Kamilah not breathing in her home on High Street on March 9, 2010 after Tiffany Lopez called 911, reporting that her daughter had stopped breathing. The baby was taken to Children's Hospital Oakland where she was later pronounced dead due to asphyxiation.
Lopez initially told police and Russell that the child's death was an accident caused when she sat on her during a game of hide-and-seek. Lopez said that her daughter had hid under a couch cushion and that she sat on Kamilah not realizing that the girl was hiding under the cushion.
But during a lengthy videotaped police interrogation, Lopez finally admitted to detectives that she had purposely placed her hand over Kamilah's mouth and nose in an effort to stop the toddler from crying. Lopez said Kamilah was crying for her father who was not home at the time.
Lopez was charged with first-degree murder for the killing but the Alameda County District Attorney's office offered her a plea deal in which she was found guilty of second-degree murder and given a sentence of 15-years-to-life in prison.
"I never meant to hurt her, my first child," Lopez said through loud sobs. "The pain that I feel is too much to bear. There is not a moment that goes by when I am not sorry for what I have done."
Deputy district attorney Luis Marin said the plea deal was given because there was not enough evidence to prove Lopez had premeditation in the killing.
"She pleaded to what the crime was; she pleaded to murder," Marin said. "We don't believe it was premeditated."
But Russell said regardless of the legal definition, the killing of his child was brutal and said his former girlfriend of more than three years should be killed for what she did.
"I will not ever forgive Tiffany Lopez. I hate Tiffany Lopez, " Russell said as tears ran down his face. "What happened to my baby was not an accident; my daughter was brutally murdered and in my mind, it should be a life-for-life situation."
Alameda County Superior Court Judge Carrie Panetta also began crying as she pronounced the sentence. Panetta even ran from the bench for a few minutes to compose herself before she returned.
"This is an especially difficult case and sentencing when a young child ...," Panetta said before she began to cry again. "I can't even imagine your pain. I can't."
Panetta said she too questioned the deal but said she ultimately sided with the district attorney's analysis of the case.
"I too considered this disposition and whether it was enough or not," she said.
Lopez, a former San Mateo resident, had a history of child abuse in the past and her family members had said she suffered from a mental illness. That past was cited during a 2010 hearing when a different judge denied bail for Lopez.
Alameda County Superior Court Judge Morris Jacobson said at the time that Lopez "beat the tar" out of her 11-year-old brother after an argument over a soda and said she "suffers from some level of mental disability."
Lopez was charged with two counts of misdemeanor child endangerment for the incident with her brother.
Lopez will have to serve 15 years in prison before she is eligible for parole. Her attorney, Assistant public defender Lindsay Hortsman, declined to comment Tuesday.


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McKinley Health Center
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Event Detail Information
Revive, Restore, Relax, Weston Wellness
Date Dec 18, 2012
Time 3:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Location Weston Exploration Center, Basement, Room 11
Sponsor McKinley Health Education and Weston Exploration
Event type Health
Views 1901
Originating Calendar McKinley Health Center - Health Education
Visit Weston's Wellness Wing where you can create your own stress relief pack, visit with McKinley's Stress Management Educator, or pick up other wellness related resources. The relaxing atmosphere is great for study breaks!
© 2016 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


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After an April auto accident left him with serious injuries, Columbine Market manager Howard Tuthill was counting his Thanksgiving blessings. Tuthill and his wife, Lisa, met with the crew from Eagle County Ambulance District who responded to the accident. Tuthill credited EMT Andy Martin and Paramedic Tammy Peterson with saving his life.
A group of Colorado River Road residents expressed safety concerns about the gravel truck traffic along the roadway.
Eagle Police were investigating a series of Peeping Tom reports in The Terrace neighborhood.
Holli Snyder of NRC Broadcasting was named Eagle Valley Citizen of the year.
Nine days after the election, the official word came down that Eagle County's open space ballot question passed by 51 votes. On election night the measure appeared to have failed by two votes, but after provisional ballots were counted, the measure passed by the slim margin.
A group of Eagle girls earned the top honor for Junior Girl Scouts - the Bronze Award. Responding to President George Bush's post-9/11 challenge to American children to help other children around the globe, the girls set out to learn about life in Afghanistan. They then sponsored a school supplies drive for children in refugee camps. Honorees included Krista Boni, Emily Boyd, Claudia Castillo, Emily Lich, Jessica Linder, Rachel Rogers, Rachel Sibley, Morgan Wyrick and Caitlin Yarger.
Girl Scout Lindsay Olin also earned the Bronze Award for a project she completed independently by organizing a camping equipment lending bank for other Girl Scouts.
With the passage of Amendment 2 (also called the TABOR amendment) in Colorado, local businesses, community members and political leaders were going on the record in opposition to the measure.
The Colorado Division of Wildlife was conducting a study of deer and elk populations in the Brush Creek and East Brush Creek valleys. The study included trapping animals in nets and fitting them with radio collars and ear tags.
Second graders from Norma Hurd's class at Eagle Valley Elementary School offered advice for how to stuff and cook a turkey. Tommy Barela said to put candy inside the turkey and shove it in the oven. Amanda Carter advised stuffing the turkey with candy, ice cream, pudding, macaroni and cheese and then cooking it over a fire.
The Eagle Sanitation District planned a Nov. 30 election to determine if the Lower Kaibab area should be annexed. If approved by residents of the subdivision, sewer rates would drop from $7.50 to $5 per month. The election polling place was the Jim Nimon residence on Young Street.
Members of the Eagle County Historical Society were planning a series of special events during 1983 as the county marked its centennial. The county's actual formation date was Feb. 11, 1883.
Colorado Mountain College announced it would offer an Emergency Medical Technician course in Eagle. Anyone interested in enrolling was instructed to fill out a special questionnaire from the college.
EVHS published its first-quarter honor roll and only seven students earned 4.0 grade point averages - Jackie Gerard, Sandi Mott, Wendy Proffit, Cindy Warren, Kelly Huenick, Diana Bennett and Chris Jarnot.
Vail Associates Inc. announced it was discontinuing its Eagle County Resident 10-Day Pass. The company cited abuse of the program as the reason behind the decision. The pass was launched after Meadow Mountain ski area closed and offered 10 full days for $50 to local residents. "Many of the daily tickets issued to pass holders were sold on the streets to non-residents," the company explained.
Denver Broncos Guard George Goeddeke was the featured speaker for the EVHS football banquet.
A two-bedroom house for sale on Howard Street offered the following terms -Sale price was $18,000 with $2,500 down and monthly payments of $143. The loan rate was 7 percent.
The Marlin Rice Trio was scheduled to perform at the Eagle Bar and Cafe.
The U.S. Forest Service announced plans to demolish the picturesque glass house located atop Castle Peak. The small building was constructed by the U.S. Forest Service in 1916 as a lookout for spotting fires but it had not been in service since the 1930s and the USFS said the building was a safety threat. "It long has held an attraction for local hikers who climb the rugged and rocky Castle rock, just for the fun of it," reported the Enterprise.
Frank Gates of Burns received top honors at the Glenwood Springs Art Guild November show for his painting titled "Stillwater Peaks."
Harold Knoonce of Eagle was elected to a three-year term as a member of the Colorado State Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors.
"Colorado's Long Range Highway Planning Committee, in session last week, gave a nod of approval to a tunnel beneath Loveland Pass," the Enterprise reported. The group envisioned a toll tunnel operation.
Winter arrived early and with record snowfall in Eagle County. A total of 8.2 inches of snow had fallen in the lower Eagle Valley during November and a low temperature of -27 was recorded on Nov. 27.
Mrs. Lloyd Greve was elected president of the Eagle Progressive Homemakers Club. Vice president was Mrs. Don Knupp and secretary-treasurer was Mrs. Elmer Rochford.
The Sunlight Mine near Glenwood Springs advertised nut and lump coal available for $7.50 per ton.
"Sixty-six youngsters of the ages of 18 and 19 received Selective Service questionnaires in Eagle County last week," the Enterprise reported. The young men were advised that a draft registration was looming in the near future.
"Eagle County people still hold their reputation for paying property taxes promptly," reported the Enterprise. County treasurer F.W. Cave reported that 98 percent of the county's tax payments had been received.
The Colorado old-age pension amount was $40 for November. That was down from the maximum of $44. The pensions were paid "to persons who have no outside income."
A Big V Carnival was planned at the Eagle School gym. Admission was 15 cents and the evening program included games, prizes, food and dancing.


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Partner HW Enablement EMEA
By Michaela Seika-Oracle on Dec 14, 2012
We would like to inform you that the December issue of our Newsletter is now available.
The issue contains informations to the following topics:
Notes from Corporate:
It's Earth day - Every Day, Oracle SPARC Newsletter, Pre-Built Developer VMs (for Oracle VM VirtualBox), Oracle Database Appliance Now Certified by SAP, Database High Availability, Cultivating Business-Led Innovation
Technical Corner:
Geek Fest! Talking About the Design of the T4 and T5 SPARC Chips, Blog: Is This Your Idea of Disaster Recovery?; Oracle® Practitioner Guide - A Pragmatic Approach to Cloud Adoption; Oracle Practitioner Guide: A pragmatic Approach to Cloud Adoption; Darren Moffat Explains the new ZFS Encryption Features in Solaris 11.1; Command Summary: Basic Operations with the Image Packaging System; SPARC T4 Server Delivers Outstanding Performance on Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 11g; SPARC T4-4 Servers Set First World Record on PeopleSoft HCM 9.1 Benchmark; Sun ZFS Appliance Monitor
Core Factor Table; Remanufactured Systems Program for Sun Systems from Oracle; Reminder: Oracle Premier Support for Systems; Reminder: Oracle Platinum Services
Learning & Events:
eSTEP Events Schedule; Recently Delivered Techcasts; Webinar: Maximum Availibility with Oracle GoldenGate
LUKOIL Overseas Holding Optimizes Oil Field Development Projects with Integrated Project Management; United Networks Increases Accounting Flexibility and Boosts System Performance with ERP Applications Upgrade; Ziggo Rapidly Creates Applications That Accelerate Communications-Service Orders l
How to ...:
The Role of Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle Linux Containers in a Virtualization Strategy; How to Update to Oracle Solaris 11.1; Using svcbundle to Create Manifests and Profiles in Oracle Solaris 11.1; How to Migrate Your Data to Oracle Solaris 11 Using Shadow Migration; How to Script Oracle Solaris 11.1 Zones for Easy Cloning; How to Script Oracle Solaris 11 Zones Creation for a Network-in-a-Box Configuration; How to Know Whether T4 Crypto Accelerators Are in Use; Fault Handling and Prevention – Part 1; Transforming and Consolidating Web Data with Oracle Database; Looking Under the Hood at Networking in Oracle VM Server for x86; Best Way to Migrate Data from Legacy File System to ZFS in Oracle Solaris 11;
Special Year End Article:
The Top 10 Strategic CIO Issues For 2013
You find the Newsletter on our portal under eSTEP News ---> Latest Newsletter. You will need to provide your email address and the pin below to get access. Link to the portal is shown below.
URL: http://launch.oracle.com/
PIN: eSTEP_2011
Previous published Newsletters can be found under the Archived Newsletters section and more useful information under the Events, Download and Links tab. Feel free to explore and any feedback is appreciated to help us improve the service and information we deliver.
Thanks and best regards,
Partner HW Enablement EMEA


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Definition of man in English:
noun (plural men /mɛn/)
- Back on the promenade, I saw a man and a boy trying to fly a kite down on the beach.
- Last week I was talking to a man at the bar of the Hilton hotel at Addis Ababa.
- An Estonian man suspected of plundering millions from hundreds of online bank accounts accounts across Europe was arrested last week.
- A man short, his team mates survived to the end of extra time but lost the penalty shootout.
- If they receive two yellow cards a player will be withdrawn from the game, restricting the team to 10 men.
- But gone are the days when Shankly's men would blast teams away and dominate our domestic game.
- My dad was in the air force, and he spoke about the inequalities he saw between the officers and ordinary men.
- Orders were made as suggestions and officers and men were on first-name terms.
- No commander wants to see his men die in combat but knows that casualties are a part of war.
- Maybe, none of the earlier relationships had worked out because Rohan was destined to be her man.
- It brought out the woman in me and the man in my man.
- I don't have a problem with women hitting on my man… why wouldn't they?
- My father was a trade union man who always had his rosary in his pocket.
- Advocate and author John Mayer looks every inch the rock solid establishment man.
- A battle for power between a union man and an intellectual is looming at Salford town hall.
- He's more of a man than you'll ever be.
- Ironically, her initial portrayal in the show, as more of a man than the men in her Cabinet, may have added to her myth.
- But Don's the quintessential quiet guy who must overcome his cowardice and be a man.
- As soon as we established that Elener was a former Securicor employee, we were fairly sure he was our man.
- Hugh Miller is convinced that Loring is his man, but he can't find any concrete evidence.
- Bounty hunters can use almost any tool at their disposal to find and capture their man.
- By taking service in William's army he had become the man of the Duke of the Normans.
- They are practically indestructible, outlasting anything that mere mortal men can do to them.
- Need I add that helping and caring for animals is integral to caring for our fellow men?
- How can we solve something as important as global warming if we don't even care about our fellow men.
- Perhaps it may be said that civilization is about to enter the age of the decline of man.
- Genesis in fact hints that there was evil present in the world before the fall of man.
- None the less, equality in the eyes of God laid the foundations for equality in the eyes of man and before the law.
- This is the town which surprised the world with an archeological find in 1921 that came to be known as the Broken Hill Man.
- There was a time where men had to fight to be the head honcho, The Man.
- As the economy plods along, many of us are choosing to take the easy way out - we're going to work for the Man, letting him do the hard work while we work the long hours.
- Some of the more dedicated activists are going to march over to the Guy street police station this afternoon to hold a vigil and voice their displeasure with the Man.
- Mr Kravchuk, who prides himself on his chess-playing prowess, did not give up his man easily.
verb (mans, manning, manned)[with object]
- The centre is manned by fully trained technical personnel and all calls are recorded and logged to track and maintain a high service level.
- It is believed passengers have been queueing up to two hours in Terminal 1 because only one of five X-ray machines was manned due to staffing problems.
- Trained volunteers will be manning the call centre to offer independent and confidential information and support to people experiencing difficulties.
exclamationinformal, chiefly North American
- You see a couple in a restaurant or walking on the street and they appear to be so much in love, so happy with each other and you say, man, I wish I could have that.
- 'Man it sure was different back in the ol days,' says Gilbert.
- Oh, hey man, how's it going? Did you and Lex have a good time last night?
Traditionally the word man has been used to refer not only to adult males but also to human beings in general, regardless of sex. There is a historical explanation for this: in Old English the principal sense of man was 'a human being', and the words wer and wif were used to refer specifically to 'a male person' and 'a female person' respectively. Subsequently, man replaced wer as the normal term for 'a male person', but at the same time the older sense 'a human being' remained in use.In the second half of the twentieth century the generic use of man to refer to 'human beings in general' (as in reptiles were here long before man appeared on the earth) became problematic; the use is now often regarded as sexist or at best old-fashioned. In some contexts, alternative terms such as the human race or humankind may be used. Fixed phrases and sayings such as time and tide wait for no man can be easily rephrased, e.g. time and tide wait for nobody. Alternatives for terms such as manpower or the verb man exist: for example, staff or employees, and to staff or to operate.
as —— as the next man
- As —— as the average person: I'm as ambitious as the next manMore example sentences
- While as ambitious as the next man, Davies genuinely believes he would not have got where he is now without the help of his former boss at Preston.
- I am as loyal as the next man to my chosen team but when they are simply outclassed I am, like most true lovers of the game, prepared to admit it.
- Much has been made of the comfort zone in Scottish rugby which militates against success, and Nicol is as condemnatory as the next man of attitudes which have prevailed among some of the players.
as one man
- With everyone acting together or in agreement: the crowd rose to their feet as one manMore example sentences
- Yet what was most remarkable was the experience of seeing all the participants playing together as one man.
- The horde reacted as one man, scrambling to their mangy horses and leaving as quickly as possible.
- Godwin motioned with his hand, and they got up as one man and followed him across the stone floor and out of the hall.
be someone's (or the) man
- Be the person perfectly suited to a particular requirement or task: if it's war you want, I'm your manMore example sentences
- Ladies, if you are looking for Mr. Perfect, Todd is your man.
- If you were looking for a striker to play down the middle then Alan was your man.
- If we ever needed any 'unusual pharmaceutical products,' then he was our man.
be man enough to do (or for)
- Be brave enough to do: he has not been man enough to face up to his responsibilitiesMore example sentences
- But at least he was man enough to realise he was wrong and act accordingly.
- It could have been all three points for the Lions, had referee Clive Penton not made a bizarre mistake that he was man enough to admit to later.
- You know he was man enough to apologize and to admit his mistake.
every man for himself and the Devil take the hindmost
- proverb Everyone should (or does) look after their own interests rather than considering those of others: in previous student flats she'd shared, it was every man for himselfWith allusion to a chase by the Devil, in which the slowest will be caughtMore example sentences
- There were no staff left, it was every man for himself.
- Around May 22 we were told we have to retreat, that it was every man for himself and we had to make a beeline for the coast.
- We are working with the constant threat of one closure after another and it is every man for himself.
make a man out of someone
- (Of an experience or person) turn a young man into a mature adult: swimming will make a man out of youMore example sentences
- They were really nice and accommodating, knowing that everyone has a different pain tolerance and that getting a tattoo is often the kind of experience that 'makes a man out of you.'
- But I think every lad in Rochdale should do it because it makes a man out of you and I think a bit of discipline would put a stop to a lot of trouble.
- I set sail with the Navy Seals and, let me tell you, they made a man out of me.
man about town
- A fashionable male socialite: in a well-cut black suit he looked quite the man about townMore example sentences
- Away from the radio studio, Antony Collins looks every part the young, trendy media man about town.
- Fatherhood is changing him: the one-time man about town now talks proudly of how he's mastered the plastic strips on nappies and is allowed to change the baby by himself.
- There were no real übertrendy apartment blocks then, so a mews was the must-have address for the man about town who worked hard and played hard.
man and boy
- From childhood: I've been with this company man and boyMore example sentences
- I have lived here for more than 70 years - man and boy - and I won't be pushed out.
- Rex has been a North End supporter man and boy, and to take the stick of rock analogy, if you chopped him in half he would say 'Disappointed' all the way through.
- But for John Wilberforce Preston, who has fished the rivers and ponds of Craven man and boy for some 50 years, all is not well in the Aire Valley.
the man in black
the man in (or on) the street
- The average man: he had been his eyes and ears in the community, voiced the opinions of the man in the streetMore example sentences
- Your average man on the street, when asked to comment on the fiasco, didn't care about the bank so long as his or her money was all right.
- Thanks to the Arts Council England, buying original works of art has now become a reality for the average man in the street through the council's new scheme Own Art.
- It may seem like a lot of money to the average man in the street, because it is, but in relative terms, the players can afford to lose that.
the man in white
- Australian Rules Football informal An umpire, especially a field umpire: he's constantly on the wrong side of the whistle of the man in whiteMore example sentences
- Footy fans will be fascinated by the men in white and the things they say out there in the heat of battle.
- Players contribute each week to the lowly fee that the men in white receive.
- A physical encounter is expected to keep the men in white tightly controlling what should be a cliffhanger of a match.
man of action
- see action.
man of the cloth
- A clergyman.Example sentences
- Gutierrez has not always been a man of the cloth; before entering the priesthood he was a military intelligence operative.
- A spirited campaign to stop proposed Sunday flights to the Western Isles is being led not by elderly men of the cloth but by a sharp-suited former army major.
- There were many men of the cloth in Sophiatown, but Huddleston was arguably the most popular.
man of God
- A clergyman.Example sentences
- 'There was never a conflict between my role as a man of God and my role as a member of the SAS,' he said.
- In due course he appeared before three men of God in the Washington DC archdiocese.
- But I have certainly benefited from daily readings by different men of God over the years, reflecting the grace of God in their experience.
- 15.1A holy man or saint.Example sentences
- No, this was Isaiah, from all indication in the record of Scripture a holy man, a man of God, what would be termed a dedicated Christian.
man of honour
- A man who adheres to what is right or to a high standard of conduct: as a man of honour he had little alternative but to accompany his friend to AmericaMore example sentences
- If he were a man of honour, he would have resigned long ago.
- For a man of honour, a guilty conscience must be a dreadful, perhaps unbearable burden.
- He is a man of honour who behaves with reserve and circumspection towards Elinor while he is bound to Lucy Steele by an engagement that only she can honourably break.
man of the house
- The male head of a household.Example sentences
- Mrs Boone said: 'After his dad died, he became the man of the house.'
- His father left the family and Mitchell recalls telling his mother and siblings: 'I'll look after you; I'm the man of the house now.'
- In a somber tone, he alluded to the fact that he would not always be around to handle male responsibilities such as this, and someday, I would be the man of the house.
man of letters
- A male scholar or author: he wished to fashion for himself a career as a man of lettersMore example sentences
- Returning from America, he settled down to the career of a man of letters.
- By the end of the decade, his career was flourishing and he was well on his way to establishing his postwar reputation as a man of letters.
- Sir Walter Scott, Scotland's greatest man of letters, and one of the most beloved authors of all time, was born in Edinburgh on 15 August 1771.
man of the match
- British The team member who has given the most outstanding performance in a particular game: McClair, who scored the only goal, was named man of the matchMore example sentences
- The whole team worked hard but Jack Collins was named man of the match for a solid performance at the back.
- He scored a hat-trick of tries during the game and was named man of the match.
- George Meehan was outstanding in defence and Harry Tosney was man of the match.
man of the moment
- A man of importance at a particular time.Example sentences
- Rob Deering is comedy's man of the moment, and this year's Edinburgh could be the big one.
- Clarke is not ruling out a future career in management although he's more than happy to continue learning his trade at the feet of the man of the moment in European football.
- James seems to be very much the man of the moment.
man of straw
- Murray does demonstrate that the men of straw have failed to silence him, for which he deserves much praise.
- My accusers will be men of straw and I will not have the financial ability to pursue a claim for malicious prosecution.
- These are men of straw of whom no trace will be found after a few years.
- Some of the borrowing was by companies to whom loans should never have been contemplated, on apparently over-valued property, and where guarantors turned out to be men of straw.
- Unless the claimant is seeking an injunction, it is a profitless exercise to sue a man of straw since the remedy will be empty and the claimant left to meet his own legal costs.
- The trial judge found that there was overwhelming evidence that the husband was a man of straw with no financial capacity to conduct the litigation.
man of the world
- see world.
the man on the Clapham omnibus
- British The average man, especially with regard to his opinions: his was not a voice in the wilderness; he was speaking for the man on the Clapham omnibusMore example sentences
- We must ask ourselves what the man on the Clapham omnibus would think.
- The man on the Clapham omnibus was heading for Epsom yesterday, along with about half the population of London.
- Yes, the man on the Clapham omnibus may have faith in national sovereignty, but his faith is faltering.
man's best friend
- An affectionate or approving way of referring to dogs: a collection of photographs of man's best friendMore example sentences
- Everyone knows that dogs are affectionate and loyal - they're not called man's best friend for nothing!
- Humans share three-quarters of their genes with man's best friend, the first genetic blueprint of the domestic dog revealed yesterday.
- This year, they were taking a lenient attitude to those who turned up with pooch in tow - much to the annoyance of those who had read about the ban in the Craven Herald and had left man's best friend at home.
a man's man
- A man who is more popular and at ease with other men than with women: he looks offended when I tell him he is perceived as a man's manMore example sentences
- Ritchie enjoys a reputation as a man's man: a hard-working, all-action, shooting, fishing sort of a chap who has knocked about a bit and can look after himself.
- He's a man's man with a notoriously robust attitude to women.
- Despite his good behaviour nowadays, he remains very much a man's man.
man to man
- I realize you are my employer, but I'd like to speak with you man to man for a moment, if I may.
- I'm very much looking forward to seeing him and sitting down and talking to him man to man.
- Dad did occasionally try to talk to me in a man-to-man, father-to-son kind of way.
- One of the biggest keys to a good man to man defensive scheme is what is called player recognition.
- Concentrate on dribbling, passing, shooting and playing man to man defense.
- I am sure that if you see TV and watch other matches you will see a lot of goals scored from set-pieces, corners and free-kicks against teams who mark man to man.
men in (grey) suits
- Powerful men within an organization who exercise their authority anonymously: the prime minister was removed from Ten Downing Street by men in grey suitsMore example sentences
- Some of the party's most senior figures - the so-called men in grey suits - will this week canvass support among parliamentary colleagues and grass-roots activists.
- It was, and is his strongly held belief that artists should be allowed to develop their music organically with as little interference as possible from the men in suits.
- It's one of the quirks of management - victory last year doesn't mean victory this year, and there's no such thing as loyalty from overweight men in suits.
men in white coats
- see white coat.Example sentences
- Wilson handed a good amount of money to the doctor who signaled two men in white coats to take Henry.
- In a brightly lit chamber, deep beneath the streets of Sturminster, two men in white coats pore over a central table.
- Heavens, the men in white coats don't even know whether or not to vaccinate the beasts.
my (or my good or my dear) man
- British dated A patronizing form of address to a man: come off it, my man, who d'you think you're talking to?More example sentences
- Now see here, my good man, if we send these fellows back, will you promise not to be beastly to them?
- I'm afraid, my dear man, you are no longer needed.
- Now, now my good man, this is no time for making enemies.
separate (or sort out) the men from the boys
- informal Show or prove which people in a group are truly competent, brave, or mature: this match will separate the men from the boysMore example sentences
- This is the part of the competition that separates the men from the boys.
- More than any other, a tour of Australia separates the men from the boys.
- This two mile Derby consists of four circuits of the track and is a race where stamina, strength and speed to the finish separate the men from the boys and only the fittest and most highly trained will succeed.
to a man
- Without exception: to a man, we all took a keen interest in the businessMore example sentences
with no exceptions, without exception, bar none, one and all, everyone, each and every one, unanimously, as one
- We had, to a man, missed the greatest event in the history of football, ever.
- The team had played to its full potential by playing outstanding football to a man.
- In a game where it was a pity to see a loser the Comer boys can feel proud of their performance to a man.
Phrasal verbs
man up
- US informal Be brave or tough enough to deal with an unpleasant situation: you just have to man up and take itMore example sentences
- Now to his credit, here is Sean Hannity, manning up.
- At a rally later in the day he manned up.
- Dean will have to do a lot more than man up to overcome the President's popularity.
manless adjective
- Example sentences
- With the advent of electronics and automation techniques, the prospects of manless coal mining are very promising.
- This article, 'The manless homes of England', acknowledges the void left in England after numerous men went to fight in World War I.
- I'd just been going through a pretty manless period.
Old English man(n), (plural) menn (noun), mannian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch man, German Mann, and Sanskrit manu 'mankind'.
The English word man goes back to an age-old root that also gave manu, 'humankind', in Sanskrit, the ancient language of India. From Anglo-Saxon times, man meant both 'a person of either sex' and 'an adult male', as well as the human race in general. Shakespeare's Hamlet provided the phrase man and boy, when the gravedigger says, 'I have been sexton here, man and boy, for thirty years.' The original man for all seasons was Sir Thomas More, the scholar and statesman who wrote Utopia and was beheaded for opposing Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn. It came into prominence in 1960 as the title of a play about More by Robert Bolt. A clergyman is a man of the cloth. The writer Jonathan Swift first used 'the cloth' to refer to the clergy in 1710. A clergyman's 'cloth' had meant his profession since the mid 17th century, and before that other occupations which stipulated a special dress code or uniform, notably the law and the military, had also been referred to as a person's 'cloth'.
Man for humans in general survives in expressions such as the man in the street. The judge Lord Bowen, who died in 1894, used the man on the Clapham omnibus (Clapham is a district of south London) to refer to any ordinary reasonable person, such as a juror is expected to be. ' Man cannot live by bread alone' is found in two passages of the Bible, one from the Old Testament in Deuteronomy, and the other from the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew. The proverb man proposes, God disposes goes back to the 15th century, but also reflects a 14th-century French saying. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato provided a precedent for man is the measure of all things, recorded in English from the mid 16th century.
As a way of addressing someone, man goes right back to the Anglo-Saxons and was common in the 18th and 19th centuries, although the old uses tended to sound impatient or encouraging—'Pick up your feet, man!' The modern use of man, often expressing surprise, admiration, or delight, came from the speech of black Americans. See also mouse
Words that rhyme with manAberfan, Adrianne, an, Anne, artisan, astrakhan, ban, began, Belmopan, bipartisan, bran, can, Cannes, Cézanne, Cheyenne, clan, courtesan, cran, dan, Dayan, Diane, divan, élan, Elan, fan, flan, foreran, Fran, Friedan, Gell-Mann, gran, Han, Hunan, Ivan, Jan, Japan, Jinan, Joanne, Kazan, Klan, Kordofan, Lacan, Lausanne, Leanne, Limousin, Louvain, Mann, Marianne, Milan, Moran, nan, Oran, outran, outspan, Pan, panne, parmesan, partisan, pavane, pecan, Pétain, plan, Pusan, ran, rataplan, rattan, Rosanne, Sagan, Saipan, saran, scan, scran, sedan, span, spick-and-span, Spokane, Suzanne, Tainan, tan, than, tisane, trepan, van, vin, Wuhan, Xian, Yerevan, Yunnan, Zhongshan
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text:
Sage Francis wrote: A guy who appears to be in the computer section of a library disturbs everyone while trying to perform my "Mainstream 307" song.
So many classic moments, including his interactions with the people around him.
Szechwan wrote: Watch on full screen.
"Ellisman, a neuroscientist at UC San Diego, started working on the Whole Brain Catalog, an open source, open-access database of mouse brain imagery. Think of it as Google Earth for rodent neurology—if Google Earth were based on a videogame engine and could zoom from the scale of a continent to a ladybug. "That's the range we traverse, but in 3-D," Ellisman says."
<embed src="http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9?isVid=1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" flashVars="videoId=671203212001&playerID=1813626064&playerKey=AQ~~,AAAAAF1BIQQ~,g5cZB_aGkYZXG-DCZXT7a-c4jcGaSdDQ&domain=embed&dynamicStreaming=true" base="http://admin.brightcove.com" name="flashObj" width="404" height="436" seamlesstabbing="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowFullScreen="true" swLiveConnect="true" allowScriptAccess="always" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash"></embed>[/b]


text:
I recently added CAM to my QCAD 3.4.0 (Linux openSUSE 12.3)
Started by experimenting with a simple drawing (circle and line) to experiment with GCode process.
Selecting CAMExport shows the command in the command window, but nothing seems to happen.
I am moderately familiar with GCode, never used CAM-Expert.
Pointers please to some documentation of some sort.


text:
Lots of people are wondering what Apple (AAPL) will invent next. If it's true to its own history, it won't invent a new type of product but will improve on one someone else already brought to market.
I've never questioned that Apple is an innovator. Its iPod, iPhone and iPad were all very innovative products. But all of them were improvements of other companies' products or concepts in the same categories.
The iPod, introduced in October 2001, was not the first digital music player. Diamond Multimedia announced the Rio PMP 300 in 1998, and the Creative Nomad Jukebox and Archos Jukebox came out in 2000. None of these products would have been possible were it not for innovations in storage, compression and battery life from scores of scientists and inventors.
Apple did a great job by combining the hardware with its iTunes software and its music store. And that, plus Steve Jobs' brilliant marketing, is why the iPod soon became the dominant music player.
The iPhone, which came out in 2007, was far from the first smartphone. Depending on how you define "smart," there were products from PSiAn, Symbian, Nokia and of course Research In Motion (now BlackBerry), which debuted in 1999. The first Android phone didn't hit the street until 2008, but the open-source version of the Android operating system -- backed by Google (GOOG) -- was introduced in 2003 by Andy Rubin, who just recently stepped down as Android head at Google.
Microsoft Windows Mobile came out years before the iPhone. Apple wasn't even the first company to come out with a touch-screen smartphone. That honor goes to the IBM Simon Personal Communicator that was first introduced in 1992.
But, as with the iPod, Apple did it right. It was the first touch-screen smartphone to be highly useful. Sure, there was a lot of hype, but the phone earned that hype by delighting millions of users and becoming the gold standard by which other phones continue to be judged. Even now, when BlackBerry, Samsung or anyone else introduces a new smartphone, reviewers immediately compare it to Apple's most recent iPhone.
The iPad, which first came out in 2010, was also an incredibly innovative product. But there were plenty of tablets on the market from a variety of companies going back more than 10 years. I was at the Comdex computer trade show in November 2001 when Bill Gates announced Windows software for the tablet PC. Gates at the time predicted that the tablet would become the most popular form of PC within five years. That was more than nine years ahead of the Apple iPad.
Microsoft's early attempts at tablet operating systems were a bust. But after Apple reinvented the category, Microsoft is at it again with its Windows 8 operating system and its own Surface tablets. Apple does get credit for introducing the Newton MessagePad in 1992. It failed but it was an early example of a tablet-like personal digital assistant.
For a bit of perspective on tablet computers, search online for the phrase "YouTube Knight Ridder iPad" for a link to a 1994 video about the "Tablet Newspaper" from a design lab at Knight Ridder, which at the time was the parent company of the San Jose Mercury News and other newspapers. What you'll see in this 13 minute video is a tablet with a lot of features that ultimately appeared in the iPad. Of course, Knight Ridder never actually marketed the device so, once again, Apple deserves the credit for turning a good idea into a great product.
So when thinking about what Apple will do next, look around at products that already exist but could use some major improvements. Some say it will be a "smart" watch. Indeed, there are already plenty of those on the market but none are blockbuster products. It could be an Internet-connected "smart" TV if Apple can find a way to greatly improve on what other companies have done, including Samsung, Sony and LG.
Apple could also put its toe in the home automation arena, competing with lots of smaller companies. Might Apple try to compete with LG's "smart" refrigerator? I doubt it, but I do hope Apple will try its hand at automotive products. I don't expect to see an iCar anytime soon, but an iDash entertainment/communications/navigation unit would be a feasible and welcome competitor to all the not-so-great systems already on the market.
So let's hope CEO Tim Cook, along with Apple's engineers and designers, are busy looking around at other companies' promising products that don't quite meet up to Apple's high standards. Apple doesn't have to create new categories to change the world -- it just has to build products that people love and then convince us that we can't live without them.
Contact Larry Magid at email@example.com. Listen for his technology chats on KCBS-AM (740) weekdays at 3:50 p.m.