text: Microwaving Corn Cobs Makes Them Easier to ShuckDavid Galloway10/23/11 3:00pmFiled to: Kitchen hacksCornMicrowave451EditPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink YouTube user Martin Craig shows us an easy way to shuck corn without having do deal with messy corn silk threads—just microwave each ear for four minutes, cut the end off, and slide the corn out as shown in the video above. Shucking Corn—Clean Ears Everytime | YouTubeGear from Kinja DealsEverlane's Weekender Is The Lowest Common Denominator Of Good Carry-OnWhat Are Your Favorite Everyday Men's Socks? Amazon's Student Debt Relief Plan: $15 Off Any $100 Textbook OrderReply45 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Easy Ways to Bring in Extra Money
9 of the Most Major Moments in American Marriage Equality
10 Things Scientifically Proven To Make People Happy
10 Ways to Make Your Husband Feel Awesome
The Five Lesbians You Can't Avoid
How to Get Free WiFi Anywhere, Anytime
32 Ridiculously Cute Queer Women Couples
5 Ways Millennial Women Can Promote Healthy Fertility
Shiloh Jolie-Pitt's Mini Suit May Change Fashion Forever
13 Things You Should Never Say to a Working Mom
Mind Blowing and Unexpected Uses for Petroleum Jelly
What Patti LaBelle Taught Me About Business
Should You Buy or Lease Your Next Car?
5 Ways Positive Thinking Can Change Your Life
10 Inexpensive Date Ideas for New Relationships
Straight Talk: Posture Tips for Working Women
5 Mistakes People Make When Working From Home
4 How-To Tips to Get Your Child Into Modeling
Cubicle Decor Ideas that Will Brighten Up Every Workday
Using This Men's Tool Could Save You Hundreds
11 Healthy Desk-Drawer Snacks to Curb Afternoon Cravings
Trust Your Man? 9 Signs That He Is Cheating On You
7 Signs of Cheating You Need to Know
5 Tips for Small Business Success
You'll Never Believe What Toothpaste Can Do
Clever Money Saving Tips For The Kitchen
Why We Want The Lesbian Taylor Swift Rumors To Be True
7 Signs They Love You
13 Things Any Sane Person Will Never Do After a First Date
Brilliant Money-Saving Travel Hacks

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Man accused of killing Penn Hills cop wants trial moved
PITTSBURGH - The man accused of killing a suburban Pittsburgh police officer says prosecutors tainted the jury pool by announcing they wouldn't accept an offer to plead guilty.
Ronald Robinson's attorney says his client's murder trial should be moved out of Allegheny County because prosecutors there released a statement saying the officer's family had rejected a plea agreement.
The district attorney's office said last week that Robinson had offered to plead guilty to two counts of first-degree murder in the deaths of Penn Hills police Officer Michael Crawshaw and another man.
Authorities say Robinson killed Danyal Morton over a drug debt then shot Crawshaw as he pulled up in front of Morton's house in December 2009.
Prosecutors declined comment on the motion filed Friday.
Robinson's trial is scheduled to begin Jan. 3.
Man accused of killing Penn Hills cop wants trial moved
Woman falls to her death in Go Ape zip line accident
Father grabbed alligator's snout to pry boy from reptile's mouth, report says
Consultant: I conspired with attorney general to frame aide
Canonsburg teen who inspired so many loses battle with terminal cancer


text:
Is your resume in need of a little disruption?
Startups are all about
making things work better.
Our resume writing service is all about doing that for your CV.
StartUpHire is the place to find Software-Architect-in-Test jobs in and near . Review the list below of Software-Architect-in-Test jobs. These Software-Architect-in-Test jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available. You can refine your job search for Software-Architect-in-Test jobs in by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options. Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Software-Architect-in-Test jobs in , or sign up for an email alert (link in upper left) to receive periodic updates on new Software-Architect-in-Test jobs in , .
Redwood City, CA Role Description: We are looking for the ?Best of the Best? to help take us to the next level. The right candidate knows how to architect, design, and build cutting edge applications using leading edge javascript technologies such as React and Redux with7/3/2016 Redwood City, CA Save This Job
Summary: BATS, the second-largest U.S. equities market center, is actively seeking a top-notch software engineer with experience in the design and implementation of large scale, high volume systems. Location: Lenexa, Kan. What We Do We design, develop, deploy, and support batch6/26/2016 Lenexa, KS Save This Job
SoundHound is creating and productizing transformative technologies that improve life. Join us. After amassing a global user community over 200 million strong, a large portfolio of core technologies and award winning products, we decided that is not enough. So, we put together a7/14/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
ID 2016-2111 Job Location US-CA-Milpitas Category Engineering Type Regular Full-Time More information about this job: Qualifications: 10+ years of software development experience. Have architected on-production large scale systems Advanced degree (MS/PhD) in7/2/2016 Milpitas, CA Save This Job
Technical Solution Consultant Zuora is the global leader in Relationship Business Management solutions. Zuora delivers the subscription billing, commerce and finance capabilities that have become the industry standard to help companies transition to the Subscription Economy.7/24/2016 Foster City, CA Save This Job
Technical Consultant Zuora is the global leader in Relationship Business Management solutions. Zuora delivers the subscription billing, commerce and finance capabilities that have become the industry standard to help companies transition to the Subscription Economy.7/24/2016 Atlanta, GA Save This Job
Atlanta, GA Full Time Service Delivery Entry Level SHARE BetterCloud DevOps Big Data Admin, Associate (ATL) BetterCloud, a high energy, high growth start-up, is seeking an enterprising individual to join the DevOps team as an associate Big Data Administrator. If you6/29/2016 Atlanta, GA Save This Job
Professional Services Washington DC, DC, United States The Technical Consultant or Solutions Architect role (part of our Professional Services team) is responsible for playing the technical lead role in the successful installation, integration and deployment of SailPoint7/23/2016 Washington, DC Save This Job
Location:United States - Houston Department:Engineering Operations Description Alert Logic, the leader in security and compliance solutions for the cloud, provides Security-as-a-Service for on-premises, cloud, and hybrid infrastructures, delivering deep security insight and8/22/2016 Houston, TX Save This Job
at Twilio (View all jobs) San Francisco As a full stack engineer on the Programmable Voice team at Twilio, you will be responsible for creating compelling web experiences for Programmable Voice. About the job: You will define the interactions that developers both external and6/28/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job ID 2016-1472 Job Location(s) US-NJ-Hamilton More information about this job: Overview: It's not just clich-. The heart of Billtrust is its people. Our executives know it, our co-workers believe it, and our clients recognize it. Billtrust is enjoying remarkable success with8/22/2016 Hamilton, NJ Save This Job
- Hide Details Overview We are seeking an iOS engineer to work on the mobile application for customers to use on their August Smart Lock and August Doorbell Cam. You will work closely with world class designers, firmware engineers, and server-side API developers to create a6/26/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Reports To:Director of Mobile Status:Permanent Hire Overview We are seeking a senior Android engineer to work on the mobile application that our customers use everyday to operate their August lock. You will work closely with world class designers, top-tier firmware engineers and6/26/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
eDiscovery ? Los Angeles, California Shift: Tuesday through Saturday, Nights We?re not just another eDiscovery vendor selling routine services?we are experts in combining technology and human brainpower to solve problems and assist6/27/2016 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
Location:Illinois Req ID:1861 # of Openings:1 Peregrine Semiconductor Corporation, a Murata company, is the founder of RF silicon on insulator (SOI) and is a leading fabless provider of high-performance, integrated RF solutions. Since 1988 Peregrine and its founding team have6/26/2016 IL Save This Job
All times are in India Standard Time. Job ID 2016-1872 Job Locations US-MD-Columbia Job Posted Date 6/15/2016 More information about this job Overview DataDirect Networks (DDN.com) is a world leader in massively scalable storage. We are the leading provider of data storage7/23/2016 Columbia, MD Save This Job
PowerReviews works with more than 1,000 global brands and retailers to increase conversion and improve products and the customer experience with ratings and reviews and Q&A software. Ratings and reviews solutions from PowerReviews are essential for consumers as they search8/8/2016 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Los Angeles, CA The Principal Research and Development Network Engineering will primarily be involved in conducting strategic network assessments based upon emerging network trends, technologies, and/or future service offerings and develops plans to address needs. The position7/24/2016 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
Location Choice: San Francisco or Mountain View, CA Vida Health, an exciting early stage startup is set to disrupt the mobile healthcare space which will be $25B by 2018. Vida offers a unique platform and service, both B2B and B2C, that helps prevent, manage, and reverse chronic8/9/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Department: Hospitality Reports to: Director of Program Management Location: Kirkland, WA Job Overview: UIEvolution is passionate about creating software that is so well designed and intuitive that using it disappears into the experience. UIEvolution is a world leader in8/9/2016 Kirkland, WA Save This Job


text:
Congress has passed a new five-year Farm Bill, with the Senate voting to approve the trillion-dollar legislation by a vote of 68-32 Tuesday. Minnesota Farm Bureau President Kevin Papp says that farmers have been waiting for a new Farm Bill for 491 days. The bill makes some cuts to food stamps, but it's a fraction of what the Republican-controlled House proposed, and the cuts don't affect Minnesota. It basically ends direct payments to farmers also, but beefs up crop insurance and the sugar program is preserved as well. Both Minnesota Senators voted in favor of the Farm Bill. Senator Al Franken says there are some cuts in conservation funding, but a farmer must participate in those programs if they receive help with crop insurance. Franken's renewable energy incentives were also included in the final Farm Bill package. President Obama is expected to sign the bill.
Home » Breaking News State & Local » US Senate Approves Farm Bill
Most Popular
- Discussed
- Viewed
- Local law enforcement arrest 8 in sex sting
- Winona to vote on Pokemon Go ordinance
- Sleepy Eye hotel bought and sold, event center plans finalized
- Valleyfair announces new ride that will replace the enterprise
- More graffiti found on Gaylord Park Bridge
- Broadside accident on Highway 22 injures Lake Crystal man
- Olympics, Trump and Number One American Success Rule – By Glenn Mollette
- Lilly King – The Most Unifying Force In History? By Glenn Mollette
- New Ulm youth fishing contest rescheduled due to flooding
- Nicollet, Blue Earth, Le Sueur Counties progress on rural transit
- New Ulm woman charged with 11 counts of theft from local business
- New Ulm girl's quick thinking saves neighbors house from fire
- Two men facing felony charges after sex sting in New Ulm
- New Ulm businesses announce closures
- Bird Island woman sentenced in embezzling case
- Local law enforcement arrest 8 in sex sting
- Final six names of those arrested in prostitution sting released
- New Ulm Terroristic Threats Sentence
- St. James woman charged with criminal sex conduct
- Paranormal investigate to reveal results of investigation in Redwood Falls
Upcoming Events


text:
Final Justice (1985)
Critic Consensus: No consensus yet.
Final Justice Photos
Movie Info
as Thomas Jefferson Geronimo III
as Palermo
as Don La Manna
as Chief Wilson
as Gina
as Maria
as Sheriff
as Superintendent Mifsud
Critic Reviews for Final Justice
There are no critic reviews yet for Final Justice. Keep checking Rotten Tomatoes for updates!
Audience Reviews for Final Justice
An incompetent and hilarious mess of a film with the only talent coming from Joe Don Baker who's putting his whole heart into his performance.
"Final Justice" wasn't worthless, just not enjoyable. Pros: 1. The movie's not as painful as it could've been, despite that it's an episode of MST3K. 2. There's a character that looks like Elaine Benes from Seinfeld, so if you know your Seinfeld, joke away! Cons: A. Acting: It wasn't great. At all. B. Action sequences: Non-suspenseful ten minute action scenes that seem more comedic than suspenseful when you look back at it, when in truth the scenes aren't really comedic, but just bad. C. Character development: Not much of it. D. Story: It borrowed to much from elsewhere, and it seemed like a long episode of some crime show that I've never seen. E. Suspense: 2.5/10 F. Dialogue: Bad. Especially the ending line which was intended to be an iconic tough-guy and/or tough-guy-who's-rude-to-women line, when really it just sounded like a too-scared-to-touch-something line. Just a bad movie. But not intolerable.
A terrible film staring Joe Don Baker. The story doesn't fit together good and there aren't a lot of interesting scenes, but it is a fun episode to watch on MST3K.
Discussion Forum
Discuss Final Justice on our Movie forum!


text:
This year, we present a packed program of stimulating and enjoyable performances and community events. We celebrate the immense talent of our Faculty and students, our celebrated Alumni and our community and industry partners. There's something for everyone!
Tailor one of our flexible programs to meet your needs and career goals.
Music has the power to to enrich and change lives. Here at the UWA School of Music, we provide classes that support this and promote music in the community for everybody.
For the first time, the UWA School of Music is now in the top 100 universities in the world for Performing Arts in the QS rankings and number one ranked in Australia.
Get a sneak peek into life at UWA, plus personalised info, offers and event invites
As one of Australia's leading music programs, in one of the world's leading universities, we create the future leaders of the Arts community.
The School of Music is home to over 200 events, free and ticketed, each calendar year.
The School of Music regularly engages with the wider community through programs held on campus, around Perth and interstate.
Internationally recognised violinist and Artist-in-Residence at The University of Western Australia's School of Music Shaun Lee-Chen and the Australian Brandenburg Orchestra have won a prestigious Helpmann Award.Tue, 26 Jul 2016
Find out how you can contribute to the future of Australia's leading musicians


text:
Congratulations! You leveled up, but you aren't logged in so we can't save your points.
Ghantho 1428 Archive Alias Hanna . ارشيف الموسيقا
Categories music
Tags elias
Video Size: 420 x 315480 x 360640 x 480960 x 720
Flag This Item
The choreography with the music makes this amazing to watch.
47,783 |2
Red Hot Chili Peppers "Can't stop" drum cover.
149,816 |2
Bartender trying out for a talent show absolutely nails his performance.
62,542 |2
Love that girl that typed ":DD" and then you look at her face and she is like ":|"
56,493 |2
"I love his skills, He's pretty handsome for a street performer too."
71,036 |2
Such a beautiful intrepretation, evocative and eloquent, bravo.
58,713 |2
Hard to even describe this.
56,613 |2
These people have way too much time on their hands.
59,358 |2
At 34 seconds, the strings start melting.
3,625,290 |3
Six hundred students and a beautiful female singer do a catching Irish Gaelic version of 'The Cup Song'.
94,171 |2
VideoBash is your first and final stop for free funny videos, games and pictures guaranteed to brighten up your day. The funniest jokes and the most unbelievable pranks caught on tape have been collected in one spot for your viewing pleasure. This is entertainment at its best and no one does it better than VideoBash. These funny clips crackle with humor and they will definitely have you laughing till your sides hurt. Quality is our number one priority and the free funny vids here are the best of the best. There are no mediocre videos here. All the videos, jokes, pranks on VideoBash are the cream of the crop and you'll be hooked from the get go. The best part is you don't have to keep all this good stuff to yourself, you can share all the free entertainment videos with your friends.


text:
Submarino Bathroom Accessory - RedSubmarino Bathroom Accessory - Red
£52.50 52.50 ( 2 reviews ) Feefo logo
- Material: porcelain with rubber painting finishing
- Dimensions: 25.5x7 H17.5 cm
- Submarine shaped bathroom set - red
- With magnets - to attach each section
- Available in several different colour options
Add unique style to your bathroom with this Submarino bathroom accessory from Seletti. Crafted from porcelain with a red coloured rubber painting finish this design features several different components that all fit together with magnets to create the shape of a submarine. There is a place for your toothbrush, hand lotion, cotton wool and more, making this bathroom accessory as practical as it is stylish and is available in several different colours.
- Supplier code: 10696 ROS
- Barcode: 8008215606965
- Standard UK Delivery £3.95*
- Free delivery for orders over £70.00
- UK Next Working Day delivery is £5.95
- UK Saturday delivery is £9.95
- UK Sunday delivery is £9.95
Recent reviews
- Excellent service - excellent communication and quick delivery
- Love how fast my items got to me!
- Everything arrived before the promised date. All packed very well, and products were as promised. I wish I could purchase everything I needed with this company!
- Very efficient ordering and delivery with no breakages to fragile item!
- It gets very repetitive, but to say again, that Amara maintain their excellent service. This particularitem was delayed in the production. I was always courteously informed and given the opportunityto cancel. I'm also given an Hour's delivery window, which makes the purchasing less problematic, maximises trust and ease, no disruption to one's life.
- Fast, efficient. Tumblers were securely wrapped and arrived undamaged.
- Clock is fine, my gripe is that I waited in all day for a delivery at 5.30pm, which I was not told about until an hour before.
- I ordered a $100 item, it arrived with several dents because it had inadequate packaging. This ruined the item. The sales rep requested I send several images to verify the order. Then instead of offering a replacement, offered me a very small discount.
- item exactly as described and delivery was very prompt
- Consistently helpful and communicative. Didn't make Friday delivery date requested but subsequently ensured Saturday delivery at no extra cost.


text:
'Once a Marine, always a Marine', says UK's top commando as he backs killer sergeant and survey shows public also support him
- Major General Ed Davis gave his support the day Marine A was convicted
- Risked a clash with the head of Armed Forces who wants 'no leniency'
- Convicted soldier shot a Taliban insurgent in 2011 during a 'tour from hell'
Support: Major General Ed Davis said the Armed Forces still has a 'duty of care' towards Marine A and his family
Britain's top commando has vowed to stand by the sergeant convicted of executing a severely-wounded Taliban prisoner, declaring: 'Once a marine, always a marine.'
Major General Ed Davis risked a clash with military top brass by issuing the message of support on the day the 39-year-old - identified only as Marine A - was found guilty of murder.
His comments to the 8,300-strong Royal Marines are at odds with those from General Sir Nick Houghton, the head of the Armed Forces, who said there should be 'no leniency' for Marine A because of his 'heinous crime'.
Maj Gen Davis, who led 3 Commando Brigade in Afghanistan at the time when the unknown captive was shot dead, said: 'We will hold true to our duty of care and responsibility for this member of the corps family, and his family, as he serves out his sentence.
'Our mantra of "once a marine, always a marine" is not conditional.'
His stance was revealed as a poll revealed that more people believed the commando should be treated with clemency than thought he should receive a mandatory life sentence for the murder.
Some 47 per cent of those quizzed by ICM agreed that Marine A should be given a shorter sentence because 'the law should make an exception for a soldier serving on the frontline'. However, 35 per cent think he should receive the full life term.
Maj Gen Davis is under pressure from his officers to submit statements of mitigation to the court martial when Marine A is sentenced next month DEC.
Some commanders in the marines want him to be treated like soldiers convicted of killing civilians in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, who were not dismissed from the military.
This would allow the sergeant, who serves with 42 Commando, to receive his salary and his family to retain other perks.
A Royal Marines officer said: 'If Marine A's family are evicted from their home and forced on to benefits, it will make them victims and cause an outcry.'
Charged: Maine A was found guilty of murder after footage capturing the death of a Taliban insurgent was unearthed
His unit commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Neil Sutherland, is expected to submit an 'operational effectiveness impact statement' to the court setting out Marine A's chances of returning to duty after completing his sentence.
A defence source said: 'These are usually the key to dissuading military judges from issuing sentences demanding dismissal from service, so it is very important whether the chain of command of Royal Marines says he has a future in uniform.'
Marine A killed the insurgent in September 2011 near the end of a 'tour from hell', during which 23 servicemen from 3 Commando Brigade were killed and the Taliban hung the blown off limbs of maimed British troops in trees as 'trophies'.
He shot the unknown man in the chest at close range with a 9mm pistol, then taunted him: 'Shuffle off this mortal coil, you c***.'
His badly injured victim had been found with an AK47 assault rifle and grenade after an Apache helicopter blitzed him with cannon fire following an attack on a British base.
Harrowing film and audio recordings of the 'field execution' in a cornfield, captured on a helmet-mounted camera worn by a comrade, were played to a court martial.
Marine A denied murder, claiming he thought the insurgent was already dead. His co-accused, known as Marine B and C, were cleared of the charge.
Short sentence: Major General Julian Thompson who led the elite commandos in the Falklands War, has called for leniency when Marine A is sentenced
The commando, a 15-year veteran who had done six tours of Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan, was found guilty after a two-and-a-half week trial.
He is the first serviceman to be convicted of murder on active service abroad since the Second World War.
Several retired commanders, including Major General Julian Thompson, who led the elite commandos in the Falklands War, have called for leniency when Marine A is sentenced.
Supporters believe the seven-strong board of military personnel who decide his fate must take into account the unimaginable horror, stress and provocation he endured in the weeks leading up to the killing.
Most watched News videos
- Apple holds Europe to ransom: Tech giant threatens to cut...
- Revealed: Gene Wilder died holding hands with his family...
- 'Seventeen f******* years and it's all over!' The moment...
- The heroes of Route 17: Dashcam captures horrific 10-vehicle...
- 'If there's a heaven, he has a Golden Ticket!' Tributes...
- Anthony Weiner emerges from hiding wearing his wedding ring...
- Humiliated Huma FINALLY dumps sexting Weiner: Hillary aide...
- 'I know people think I did it': JonBenet Ramsey's brother...
- A shamed Olympian, a former presidential candidate, Vanilla...
- 'He was enraged!': Gay university student drowns out...
- 'I feel ready to stand up and own what happened': Teen who...
- Ann Coulter hits back at Comedy Central after conservative...
The comments below have been moderated in advance.
The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline.
We are no longer accepting comments on this article.


text:
Exotic little lap leopard, stunning little female who is very sweet and gentle. She has been raised around a variety of animals and is very laid back. Up to date on her vaccines, treated for worms and parasites. Health guarantee also. TICA registered. She will make a great addition to any home with her calm sweet loving temperament. For more information please call 937-346-7226 and visit the ...
Aug 26 -
Columbus (OH) :
Springfield - Cats & kittens
Adorable exotic short hair kitties. 8 weeks old from my lovely Luna And my Champ Dali, They are ready to go and they are updated with vaccinations and deworming. Let me know If you any questions. Call me or text me at 414-241-3672.
Aug 22 -
Milwaukee :
Milwaukee - Cats & kittens
Cfa registered exotic shorthair persian kittens available and ready to go 1st vaccinations and dewormed, blue/white females and males... fully litter box trained and are good with children and other pets. felv/fiv negative parents and from champion bloodlines ----- -we are in northern KY but we do travel a lot with work so meeting or delivery is available.... contact for more pics TEXT will ...
Aug 22 -
Cincinnati :
Mason - Cats & kittens
This is a very nice kitten with a personality yo match. Is up to date on vaccines and will be neutered before leaving. He gets baths and and nails done with out a problem.
Please free to call or email me.
Aug 17 -
Detroit :
Southgate - Cats & kittens
This a super sweet and ready friendly boy, up to date on vaccines, vet checked, comes with toys and sample bags of food.
Ready to go. Please call or email me.
CaraParrots.com has a variety of cages for all kinds of birds ranging from Parrots to Parakeets as well as other types of accessories like Parrot Stands, Carriers, Toys, Food & Water Bowls & LOTS more!
We currently have a variety of Parrot-Fanalia and we're always getting more. So give us a call if you can't find what you're looking for as we may be able to help!
Currently available items ...
Aug 14 -
Chicago :
Blue Island - Accessories
For Sale: new litter of 7 Princess Bell and Ch Leopard Babies Walk on the Wildside Walker. They are 8 weeks old 6 females and 1 male brown spotted. Nice size for their age, have been vet checked and all passed with flying colors. T.I.C.A. reg.Please contact 1-937-231-2394 or go to Butlerbengals.com for more viewing Discount on litter mates Accepting Pay Pal
Aug 14 -
Cincinnati :
Cincinnati - Cats & kittens
Beautiful, affectionate Silver Kittens. These sweet boys love to play and are always under foot.
They are complete with their Distemper Vaccinations. CFA registered/PKD/FELV/FIV negative.
There are 4 boys available - 2 are Long Haired Exotic Persians and 2 are Persians. Health Guarantee.
Aug 12 -
Milwaukee :
Menomonee Falls - Cats & kittens
I have adult boys veing retired from breeding - there is a chinchilla for $1500 & a blue tabby in a few months .they will be neutered with rabies , vaccinated & dewormec with carrier & kitten kit included
They must all go to forever loving cageless homes so please feel free to call us and tell us about yourself where you live, what your experience is, if you show, own a cattery ,have ...
Aug 7 -
Detroit :
Canton - Cats & kittens
Sweet kittens exotic looking but super people friendly and fearless ! Have had their kitten shots, wormed vet checked before they go Along with that we send a nice kitten pack of toys, food and bed. Also lots of info for helping you acclimate your new baby into your home they are every bit as exotic looking as the Savannah should be with a temperment to wrap you up! More Pix and info ...
Jul 31 -
Chicago :
Crete - Cats & kittens
I got this male available he's 2.5 years old for very good price he is a pokerface X evette son comes from ab very exclusive blood line good producer very good with kids he is potty trained nice temperament for more info you can call or text to 847-276-9263 thanks!!!!!!
Jul 28 -
Chicago :
Elgin - Dogs & puppies
We Have a litter of F2 Glitter Point Golden Rosetted Bengal/ Asian Leopard kittens on July 14,2016. 3boys and 3 girls, Kittens are TICA registered and come with papers (blue slip/ birth certificate), either as a pet or with breeding rights. Grandpa is an Asian leopard(mother side). Very exotic gorgeous kitten with open rosettes. Just like their parents, they are hypoallergenic, love water, ...
Jul 27 -
Chicago :
Richton Park - Cats & kittens
F3 Savannah kittens are here! These golden beauties are absolutely stunning with the highly coveted traits of the African Serval. Bold, inky black spotting, golden base coats, prominent ocelli markings on their ears, and an overall very wild and exotic appearance. Reserve your baby today!
We take great pride in our extremely sociable Savannah kittens. I am hands on with them from the very ...
Jul 27 -
Chicago :
Lincoln Park - Cats & kittens
This ad was updated (07/26/16): Thanks for looking!
1.) One dark ebony male baby (born: 05/03/16) $100.
2.) One very dark ebony female baby (born: 05/03/16) $150.
3.) One very dark ebony female baby (born: 05/14/16) $150.
Chinchillas are colony animals and tend to be happier with a friend!
Jul 26 -
Kansas City :
Columbia - Other pets
Show/breeder female available. CFA Exotic shorthair out of RW GC Scandal Cats Miami Ink x Marchcove Jar of Hearts.
Jul 24 -
Louisville :
Salem - Cats & kittens
Excotic singing canaries different colors and breeds available .Most of their parents comes from top canary breeders of the world .Prices starting from $85 and up ....depends on breed ,quality and singing performances. Shipping is available and we guarantee 100% live arrival .
To order or for info please text at (248)895-0967
Jul 21 -
Detroit :
Troy - Birds
Beautiful litter of ESH babies ready for their forever homes. Shots, wormed. CFA Registered. Priced as pet, contact to discuss breeder prices. No shipping but can meet for gas fee. Paypal (credit cards can be taken with Paypal), cash. NO CHECKS, sorry. Kittens are ready to go July 20th. These kittens are nick named "Lazy Man's Persian" because they are a short haired Persian. Exactly the same ...
Jul 19 -
Knoxville :
Lily - Cats & kittens
beautiful kittens for sale
I have three male PERSIANS
And one male exotic
One female PERSIAN
And one female exotic
litter trained and eating healthy
My kittens are socialized in my home.
I would appreciate serious inquiries only. Thank you!!
Jul 19 -
Chicago :
Justice - Cats & kittens
Used PREVIEW #126 Parrot Cage for sale for $50 or best offer.
- 39" inches Tall
- 25" inches Wide
- 25" Deep
- 1" wire bar spacing
- Good size for medium sized parrots & birds
- OK condition
- Removable bottom scatter tray
- Manzanita Perch
Contact Us:
Just give a call between 9A-6P M-Sun at the phone number at the top of this page or use the orange ...
Jul 13 -
Chicago :
Blue Island - Birds
She is a good cat but is not fitting in with my other cats.
Front declaw
Asking $375 or best offer
Good home only
Call 810 423-1816
Thank you
Jul 11 -
Chicago :
Island Lake - Cats & kittens
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
rate this answer
Tuesday - June 19, 2012
From: Black Earth, WI
Region: Midwest
Topic: Invasive Plants, Plant Identification
Title: Identification of yellow flowers in Wisconsin
Answered by: Nan Hampton
QUESTION:We have plants near Madison, Wisconsin that some call lanceleaf coreoposis however I believe they are some type of invasive species. They have yellow flowers, seem to spread by seed. and don't grown in bunches but are individual plants. They put out plenty of seed. They re-bloom if dead headed. Can you tell me if there are plants that are not lanceleaf coreoposis but have blooms that are similar? If invasive I want to eliminate them as soon as possible.
Coreopsis lanceolata (Lanceleaf coreopsis) grow in small clumps and are perennials. The flowers themselves are on single stalks. They will grow from seed. Here is more information from Illinois Wildflowers and from Floridata. You will see from the Floridata page that deadheading encourages more blooms on these plants. They are often planted for roadside beautification projects.
There are other species of Coreopsis that grow in or near Dane County, Wisconsin:
Coreopsis grandiflora (Largeflower tickseed) is a perennial that self-sows and can become weedy. The blossom look a lot like C. lanceolata, but is usually taller with different shaped leaves. Here is more information from Illinois Wildflowers that gives you the differences between this plant and Coreopsis lanceolata.
Coreopsis palmata (Stiff tickseed) has ray flower petals that are more rounded on the end. Here is more information from Illinois Wildflowers and from Michigan Natural Features Inventory. It is considered a threatened species in Michigan.
Coreopsis tinctoria (Plains coreopsis) has maroon or red coloring around the central disk.
Coreopsis tripteris (Tall coreopsis) has round petal tips and brownish disk flowers.
Here is a list of invasive species from the Invasive Plants Association of Wisconsin (IPAW). The IPAW defines an invasive plant as one that: "both invades native plant communities and impacts those native communitities by displacing or replacing native vegetation." None of the plants I could see on the lists look like a Coreopsis species. The IPAW also has a Weedy and aggressive plant species native to Wisconsin list. Their definition of a weedy plant is: "A plant that establishes and invades only in seriously disturbed areas (especially in disturbed ground)." From that list there is one native plant, Helenium autumnale (Common sneezeweed), that somewhat resembles C. lanceolata. You might also like to check with the Wisconsin Botanical Club (dedicated to the native flora of Wisconsin) to see if they have any information about invasive plants of the Family Asteraceae (Aster Family) similar to Coreopsis lanceolata that have been found in your area.
Probably what you are seeing is either C. lanceolata or C. grandiflora, either of which are plants native to your area. Even though they are native, they may be weedy or invasive according to your thinking. If that is so, since neither of these is an endangered or threatened species, you could remove them if you wish.
From the Image Gallery
More Invasive Plants Questions
Covering dead arborvitae with non-native ivy from Niles MI
April 14, 2013 - I have a severely thinning arborvitae hedge. It is probably too shady, but I want the privacy. I'm thinking of planting something like ivy to fill the gaps. I know it will probably kill the hedge, bu...
view the full question and answer
When to plant non-native red-tip photinia
November 17, 2011 - When do you plant the Red-Tip Photinia Flowering Shrubs in Roanoke VA?
view the full question and answer
Is Early May OK for Roguing Bastard Cabbage?
March 28, 2013 - Hi Smarty:) I'm trying to determine the window for seed set for bastard cabbage. I'm hoping to get about 250 volunteers out to remove it but the date is schedule in early May. Judging by the infl...
view the full question and answer
How to get rid of Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
July 28, 2008 - We have an enormous stand of japanese polygonum that we are trying to get rid of. What soil type is the most inhospitable to this aggressive and highly invasive species? Were thinking of planting so...
view the full question and answer
What about Asian Jasmine and scrub oaks?
September 01, 2010 - Dear Mr. Smarty Plants, I have several clusters of native scrub oaks in my yard. I planted Asian jasmine under them many years ago. The trees look fine, but an arborist has told me that the Asian ...
view the full question and answer
|Support the Wildflower Center by Donating Online or Becoming a Member today.


text:
The U.S. Justice Department has given its approval to Alaska's new redistricting plan.
The approval – known as "preclearance" under the Voting Rights Act – comes in the midst of a federal lawsuit, filed by Alaska Native groups to keep the state from implementing the plan until the Justice Department weighs in.
In a letter to the Alaska Redistricting Board's attorney today (Wednesday), U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thomas Perez says the decision does not bar subsequent litigation to bar enforcement of redistricting changes.
Recent headlines
Forest service gives go ahead for Kuiu Island timber saleAn old growth timber sale recently announced in a Ketchikan newspaper has one conservation group scratching its head. That's because this type of harvest, near valuable salmon streams, won't be allowed in the future.
Elections office still waiting on ballots to arrive by mail in tight House primaryBallots are still outstanding from four precincts in District 40: Selawik, Browerville, Anaktuvuk Pass and Ambler.
Enhanced IDs help some tribal members cross bordersEnrolled members of Alaska's largest tribal government are getting enhanced photo IDs. They can be used for border crossings and some other situations where official identification is necessary.
Juneau man wanted for probation violations, may be connected to reckless driving incidentsJuneau police are looking for 25-year-old Micah Nelson of Juneau in connection with several recent reckless driving incidents and a hit and run.


text:
Download whatsapp free nokia 6600 for Java2ME (2 programs)
WhatsApp Messenger 2.11.75
- License
- Trial version
- Language
- English
- Icon
- Description
Send free text messages with WhatsApp on your Nokia phone. ...WhatsApp Messenger is designed for Nokia ...
- Pros: Send free text messages
- Cons: Only works if the other person has WhatsApp installed
eBuddy XMS 1.0
- License
- Free
- Language
- English
- Icon
- Description
Send free text messages on your Nokia Series 40 phone. ...free messaging app for Nokia Series 40 phones that allows you to exchange ...your friends to switch from WhatsApp, eBuddy XMS makes for a simple, free ...
- Pros: Works across different mobile platforms
- Cons: Fiddly to set up
Articles whatsapp free nokia 6600
Opera VPN for Android is Finally Here
VPNs are the hottest topic in the app world right now, and no one is surprised. We are constantly... See more
How to recognize suspicious emails
Last week, I found out that my long lost grandfather, King Nelson Mandela of the Federal Republic of... See more
Processing and enhancing your photos – how to do it like the pros
We've all been there – back from the holiday of a lifetime and you can't wait to show off your photos... See more
Related videos whatsapp free nokia 6600
WhatsApp - Voice Messages
Introduction to the new WhatsApp feature: Voice Messages.
Questions and answers whatsapp free nokia 6600
why cont i download whatsapp on ma nokia 6600 slide
- Status
- Under discussion
- Answers:
- 0 answers
- *****cannot translate without context********
- Answer


text:
We will be camping in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite for five nights in August. Elevation is around 8800 feet. We normally backpack rather than car-camp, so we don't have a Coleman-type camp stove, and I was hoping to avoid buying one just for this trip. I was thinking of taking our two little backpack stoves, plus a large one-burner butane stove that I have for emergency power outages (but actually have only used for brewing beer, boiling the wort outside!)
I notice that all the campstoves on the market use propane rather than butane, and I'm wondering if there are any issues regarding butane at high altitudes? (Actually I should qualify that; the car-camp stoves I have reviewed all use propane, but my little backpack stove uses isobutane, whatever that is). I've tried searching places like the REI website for information, but can't find any. Can anyone explain to me the difference between propane and butane, and whether there are any altitude or pressure issues with the butane?
Recent ActivityView all United States activity »
- 1 Cross country road trip to the east coast- here we go...
- 2 Are you sick from Alaskan tour?
- 3 Trip to Vegas/GC/LA - need advice pleasd
- 4 NYC lodging help needed for Oct 12-15
- 5 Sequoia/Redwoods Large Group Lodging
- 6 Springfield, Illinois and no car. Worth a slight detour?
- 7 Southern history- walkable cities
- 8 grand canyon to santa fe in april?
- 9 Spring Break trip to National Park
- 10 California trip .. some guidance needed
- 11 Seattle Ho
- 12 Where to stop for the night along the Oregon coast?
- 13 Hamilton - Are There Bad Seats at the Rodgers?
- 14 December Vacation in Florida by Beach
- 15 First Trip to New Mexico
- 16 Suggestions Buffalo NY
- 17 Other Manhattan Hotels
- 18 November redwoods trip
- 19 Esta "Not Authorized to Travel"
- 20 Seattle?
- 21 Night in Los Cruces or Truth or Consequences
- 22 Moab Tenting end of Oct?
- 23 What's the 14th Street area like?
- 24 October 2016 Hawaii trip help please
- 25 Los Angeles/Santa Monica -- how many days and where else?
Camping Stove Question: Butane vs. Propane
We will be camping in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite for five nights in August. Elevation is around 8800 feet. We normally backpack rather than car-camp, so we don't have a Coleman-type camp stove, and I was hoping to avoid buying one just for this trip. I was thinking of taking our two little backpack stoves, plus a large one-burner butane stove that I have for emergency power outages (but actually have only used for brewing beer, boiling the wort outside!)
Report Abuse
Can't help you personally as I use a multi-fuel backpacking stove but you may want to go to www.backpacker.com. Click on Community then go to forums & pose your question there.
Report Abuse
Thanks---I'll try that.
Report Abuse
We have propane 1 burner stoves. My DH wanted a two burner and I couldn't find one so I bought a small 2 burner butane stove at Cabela's. The store clerk told me a lot of truckers use them. My husband returned it; he was worried about how the butane canister is threaded and if it got bent slightly in our pack it might leak when we connected it....he felt the propane canisters were a better choice for us. I don't know anything about the altitude part of your question; sorry. Hope that helps.
Report Abuse
Hi AuntAnnie---thanks your your reponse---it's actually very helpful, because it tells me that butane stoves are sold for some purpose. So I'll check Cabela's and see what they say about them. The threads would not be a problem with my stove---the butane cartridge screws on securely after the cap is removed, and the fitting seems very secure. So it's just the altitude/pressure problem I'm concerned about.
Report Abuse
Don't know how you are getting to Yosemite - but I do not think you can fly with either fuel - so if air travel is part of the trip, plan ahead.
Report Abuse
Thanks, gail---you are correct about the air travel restrictions, but we are driving this time, so it's not a problem.
Report Abuse
I prefer the multi-fuel stoves. I seem to recall when looking at what I'd buy that one or the other (butane vs propane) were not effective, or maybe inoperable over a certain altitude ... I cannot remember for sureand I'm not sure what that altitude is ... maybe you should verify.
The butane does not have to be kept at as high a pressure as propane, so the canisters themselves are lighter. However propane is much more readily available at all kinds of stores. Keep in mind too that as the fuel is depleted and the canister pressure drops, the effectiveness of the flame also drops, and you'll find it taking twice as long (or longer) to do your cooking.
REAL old (eg: 1950's) Boy Scout manuals offer LOTS of great advice and tips on effective and cost-effective outdoor skills .. check your library.
Sign in to comment.


text:
NEW YORK/SINGAPORE Singapore Airlines (SIAL.SI) said on Monday it was in talks with interested parties to sell its 49 percent stake in British carrier Virgin Atlantic, with sources revealing that Delta Air Lines Inc was among the potential suitors.
Delta, the second-largest U.S. airline by operating revenue after United Continental Holdings, wants to gain access to Virgin's landing rights at London's Heathrow airport, according to two people familiar with the matter.
Delta has been looking to acquire a Virgin stake for more than two years but previous talks broke down over price and other issues, and there is no guarantee that its recent discussions would result in a pact, the people said.
Singapore Airlines said in a brief statement it was in talks with interested parties but did not name them. It also cautioned that the discussions might not result in a deal.
The European Union requires that EU carriers be under European control, meaning Delta would need to involve an EU airline as a partner if it wanted majority control of Virgin.
Delta has been considering ways to partner with Air France-KLM, which could also take a stake in Virgin, one of the people said.
Virgin's British founder, Richard Branson, owns 51 percent of the airline. If Air France-KLM were to buy a small percentage of Branson's stake, then Virgin could continue to be European controlled.
Delta has made clear that it wants to expand at Heathrow, a lucrative hub for corporate passengers where landing slots are generally hard to acquire. Virgin is the second-largest carrier at Heathrow after IAG's (ICAG.L) British Airways.
Delta's SkyTeam global alliance, which includes Air France and 18 other airlines, trails its oneworld and Star Alliance counterparts in slot access at Heathrow.
"Delta now finds itself going up against the combination of American Airlines and British Airways," said George Hamlin, an aviation consultant in Fairfax, Virginia, referring to the two anchor members of the oneworld global alliance.
"British Airways brings along a feed from other destinations - both Europe and intercontinental - at Heathrow. Delta is basically a dead-end at this point."
Singapore Airlines (SIA) bought 49 percent of Virgin for 600 million pounds in 1999, but has been open to selling its stake in the loss-making carrier since at least mid-2011 when a price of $500-$600 million was being mooted in markets, a banking source familiar with the talks said at the time.
"When SIA bought Virgin, they expected to be given some approval to fly transatlantic routes out of London, but that was not given," said Andrew Orchard, a regional airlines analyst at CIMB Research.
At the same time, Singapore Airlines has been refocusing on its key markets where it is under pressure from budget airlines, launching its own budget carrier, Scoot, to ply Asian middle-distance routes and bolstering its Asian regional carrier, SilkAir.
Virgin, like other European carriers, has been battered by rising fuel prices and the euro zone crisis, and posted a loss of around 80 million pounds in its last full year.
"If Virgin is valued on an earnings basis, then it's hard to see SIA getting a good price. On the other hand, SIA is not desperate for cash and they probably won't sell it at a fire sale price," said CIMB's Orchard.
Branson, who set up Virgin Atlantic in 1984, has been weighing the airline's future for years and two years ago appointed Deutsche Bank to examine offers.
"We are always talking to many airlines on a number of different matters but we never comment on the details of these discussions," a Virgin Atlantic spokeswoman said on Sunday.
Delta declined to comment. Air France-KLM was not immediately available for comment outside regular business hours.
Heathrow, Europe's busiest airport, is operating at close to full capacity after Britain's coalition government blocked its expansion in 2010.
Virgin lost out in the battle to take over smaller UK carrier bmi last year to IAG, giving the owner of British Airways and Iberia more than 50 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at Heathrow.
However in November, Virgin won all of the Heathrow takeoff and landing slots that British Airways was forced to give up after the acquisition of bmi.
Virgin, which is hunting for a new chief executive after Steve Ridgway announced he would retire early next year, is not a member of a global airline alliance.
Aviation consultant Hamlin said a tie-up with Delta could give Virgin access to hundreds of markets on a one-stop connecting basis in the United States. For Delta, such a deal would help plug a weakness in its global network versus key competitors and make it a strong player at Heathrow.
"London obviously is the premier market and Heathrow is by and large the market leader. It's the lynchpin transatlantic market in terms of size and revenue, particularly premium traffic revenue," Hamlin said.
(Additional reporting by Anjuli Davies, Rhys Jones and Luke Jeffs in London, and Karen Jacobs in Atlanta; Editing by Alwyn Scott, Dale Hudson, Richard Pullin and Mark Bendeich)
Next In Money News
Oil prices dip on stronger dollar; rise in U.S. crude stocks data
SINGAPORE Crude oil futures fell in early trade on Wednesday as the U.S. dollar held around three-week highs and industry stocks data indicated a build in U.S. crude inventories.
India may auction diamond mine abandoned by Rio Tinto
NEW DELHI India will auction a diamond project that global miner Rio Tinto is abandoning, or allocate it to a state firm, the mines secretary said on Tuesday, adding that the government would move fast to tap the resource.
Pru's UK staff take industrial action over Mumbai job plan
LONDON Staff at British insurer Prudential are taking industrial action over plans to move 76 jobs to Mumbai from the southern English town of Reading, the Unite union said.


text:
This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?
Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistor Markets
Published April 2012 © NanoMarkets, LC
NanoMarkets, LC PO Box 3840 Glen Allen, VA 23058 Tel: 804-270-1718 Web: www.nanomarkets.net
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Entire contents copyright NanoMarkets, LC. The information contained in this report is based on the best information available to us, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. NanoMarkets, LC and its author(s) shall not stand liable for possible errors of fact or judgment. The information in this report is for the exclusive use of representative purchasing companies and may be used only by personnel at the purchasing site per sales agreement terms. Reproduction in whole or in any part is prohibited, except with the express written permission of NanoMarkets, LC.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 E.1 Summary of Opportunities for Products Utilizing Metal Oxide TFTs ............................... 1 Page | i
E.1.1 Display Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................2 E.1.2 Other Opportunities ....................................................................................................................................2 E.1.3 Opportunities for Materials Firms ...............................................................................................................3
E.2 Firms to Watch in this Space ......................................................................................... 3 E.3 Summary of Eight-Year Forecasts for Metal Oxide TFT Products .................................... 4 E.4 Concluding Remarks ..................................................................................................... 8 Chapter One: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background to this Report ............................................................................................ 9
1.1.1 The Silicon Landscape ................................................................................................................................11 1.1.2 Metal Oxide TFTs and How They Fit In ......................................................................................................12
1.2 Objectives and Scope of this Report ............................................................................ 15 1.3 Methodology of this Report ........................................................................................ 16 1.4 Plan of this Report ...................................................................................................... 16 Chapter Two: Oxide TFT Technology: Assessment and Roadmap .......................................... 17 2.1 Zinc Oxide-Based Materials ........................................................................................ 17
2.1.1 Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) ..............................................................................................................17 2.1.2 Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO) .............................................................................................................................18 2.1.3 Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) ...................................................................................................................................19 2.1.4 Hafnium Indium Zinc Oxide (HIZO) ............................................................................................................20 2.1.5 Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) ...........................................................................................................21
2.2 Potential for p-Type Oxide Semiconductors ................................................................ 21 2.3 Assessment of Oxide Development Programs at Leading Firms ................................... 22
2.3.1 AUO ............................................................................................................................................................23 2.3.2 CBRITE ........................................................................................................................................................24 2.3.3 HP ...............................................................................................................................................................25 2.3.4 LG Display ..................................................................................................................................................25 2.3.5 Samsung Electronics ..................................................................................................................................26
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
2.3.6 Sharp ..........................................................................................................................................................27 2.3.7 Sony ...........................................................................................................................................................28 2.3.8 Toppan Printing Co. ...................................................................................................................................28 2.3.9 Toshiba.......................................................................................................................................................29
2.4 Assessment of Materials Suppliers for Metal Oxide Backplanes .................................. 29 Page | ii
2.4.1 Advanced Nano Products (ANP) ................................................................................................................29 2.4.2 JX Nippon Mining & Metals .......................................................................................................................29 2.4.3 Ulvac Materials ..........................................................................................................................................29
2.5 Evolution of Fabrication Technology for TFTs .............................................................. 30 2.6 Key Points Made in this Chapter ................................................................................. 31 Chapter Three: Market Requirements and Opportunities for Oxide TFTs .............................. 33 3.1 What is the Future Role of Oxide TFTs in the LCD Market? .......................................... 33
3.1.1 The Competitive Environment and Importance of Device Types for TFTs in LCDs ...................................33 3.1.2 The Current State of the LCD Market ........................................................................................................36
3.2 Oxide TFTs and OLEDs ................................................................................................ 37
3.2.1 Mobile Displays ..........................................................................................................................................38 3.2.2 OLED TVs (Large-Area Applications) ..........................................................................................................42
3.3 E-Paper ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Potential Future Markets for Oxide TFTs ..................................................................... 46
3.4.1 Flexible Displays .........................................................................................................................................46 3.4.2 Transparent Electronics .............................................................................................................................47 3.4.3 Sensors and RFID .......................................................................................................................................47 3.4.4 Memory .....................................................................................................................................................48
3.5 Key Points Made in this Chapter ................................................................................. 48 Chapter Four: Eight-Year Forecasts for Oxide TFTs................................................................ 50 4.1 Forecasting Methodology ........................................................................................... 50 4.2 Forecasts by Application ............................................................................................. 52
4.2.1 LCD (and AMOLED) Tablet Displays ...........................................................................................................53 4.2.2 Flat-Panel TV Displays ................................................................................................................................56 4.2.3 Smartphone Displays .................................................................................................................................60 4.2.4 Personal Computer Displays ......................................................................................................................64
4.3 Forecast by Oxide Type............................................................................................... 68
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
4.4 Summary Forecast ...................................................................................................... 72 Acronyms and Abbreviations Used In this Report ............................................................. 75 About the Author ............................................................................................................. 75 Page | iii
List of Exhibits
Exhibit E-1: Firms to Watch in the Metal Oxide TFT Space ............................................................................................4 Exhibit E-2: Summary of Revenue for Metal Oxide TFT Backplanes ..............................................................................6 Exhibit E-3: Summary of Shipments of Metal Oxide Area Shipped ...............................................................................7 Exhibit 4-1: Oxide Backplanes in the LCD Tablet Market Segment .............................................................................53 Exhibit 4-2: Oxide Backplanes in the AMOLED Tablet Market Segment .....................................................................55 Exhibit 4-3: Oxide Backplanes in the LCD TV Market Segment ...................................................................................57 Exhibit 4-4: Oxide Backplanes in the AMOLED TV Market Segment ...........................................................................59 Exhibit 4-5: Oxide Backplanes in the LCD Smartphone Market Segment ....................................................................61 Exhibit 4-6: Oxide Backplanes in the AMOLED Smartphone Market Segment............................................................63 Exhibit 4-7: Oxide Backplanes in the LCD Personal Computer Market Segment.........................................................65 Exhibit 4-8: Oxide Backplanes in the AMOLED Personal Computer Market Segment ................................................67 Exhibit 4-9: Oxide Backplanes: Market Summary by Type ..........................................................................................69 Exhibit 4-10: Summary of Revenue for Metal Oxide TFT Backplanes ..........................................................................72 Exhibit 4-11: Summary of Shipments of Metal Oxide Area Shipped ...........................................................................73
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Executive Summary
E.1 Summary of Opportunities for Products Utilizing Metal Oxide TFTs
The flat-panel display has become ubiquitous in consumer electronics products, and is a very Page | 1 important part of the user experience in most applications. Continually improving the performance of these displays has become a competitive driving force that brings new technology to the market. Metal oxide thin-film transistor backplanes are in a position to offer performance improvements to the display industry at a reasonable cost, and hence are in a position to take advantage of a genuine market opportunity. Amorphous silicon (a-silicon) is the current industry standard with regard to backplane technology in the display industry, but it is performance-limited from a materials point of view. Higher resolution, higher display refresh rates and lower power consumption are just some of the important directions that the flat-panel display industry is going in, and a-silicon will not be able to meet the industry needs in these areas. Metal oxide backplanes, however, offer all of those benefits to the flat-panel display industry, and do it at a reasonable cost, and with scalable manufacturing processes. Hence, they are ideally poised to take the display industry in to the future. The rapid growth of handheld device markets like smartphones and tablets has spurred the development of high mobility backplanes, as manufacturers for these mobile applications attempt to provide their users with the best possible visual experience. Additionally, the fact that the flat-panel TV industry is always looking for ways to improve its visual experience has provided amorphous oxide backplanes with opportunities in high growth and high volume markets. The market forces that are the most important in positively impacting the adoption of metal oxide backplanes in the market include the following: • a-Silicon has reached the limits of its potential as a backplane material from a materials point of view. Hence, display manufacturers see the need for alternative high mobility backplane materials. Unlike its direct competitor—low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS)—the metal oxide backplane provides significant performance improvements at a reasonable cost.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Additionally, it is manufactured using a process that is scalable and requires significantly lower capital expenditure from an equipment point of view. • The recent push for active-matrix organic LED (AMOLED)-based flat-panel displays in various segments of the consumer electronics market (smartphones, TVs, tablets) has Page | 2 spurred the development of high mobility backplane materials, because OLEDs cannot be driven by a-silicon, due to its limited electrical characteristics.
E.1.1 Display Opportunities
The display opportunities that present themselves can be broken up into two main branches: LCD and AMOLED. Within these two branches, the market is easily further segmented into applications based on display: small (smartphones), medium (tablets), and large (TVs and personal computers). From a competitive point of view, metal oxide backplanes offer improved performance at a reasonable cost, and with the potential for large-area manufacturing. It is the cost and manufacturing advantage over LTPS that provide an insight into the market segments that will be the most important to metal oxide backplanes going forward. The tablet market segment is a fast growing segment that places a high priority on display performance. High mobility backplanes have the potential to make a strong impact in this market, and it is here that metal oxides are expected to see significant market penetration over the course of this forecast period due to the value propositions that they provide. The competitive advantage that metal oxide backplanes have over LTPS with regard to large area displays is due to the scalable manufacturing process involved in producing them. This scalability makes them the ideal high mobility backplane for the flat-panel TV market, and indeed, their development has been pioneered by companies like Sharp, LG Display and Samsung. Metal oxide backplanes have a very real revenue opportunity in both LCD and AMOLED TV displays. AMOLED TVs that are expected to enter the market in earnest over the course of this forecast period require a high mobility backplane material that can be manufactured in a cost efficient manner. Metal oxide backplanes are ideally suited to meet these requirements.
E.1.2 Other Opportunities
Metal oxide materials are transparent semiconductor materials with high mobility, and these characteristics allow them to be used in both the integrated circuit that drives the backplane, as well as the backplane transistor itself. Additionally, metal oxide materials can potentially be
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
manufactured using solution-based, roll-to roll-printing methods. This combination of benefits will potentially open up new revenue opportunities for metal oxide backplane materials. • Roll-to-roll manufacturing methods enable the use of metal oxide materials in flexible electronics. The low temperature manufacturing process allows these materials to be Page | 3 deposited on flexible substrates. The high mobility and transparent nature of metal oxide semiconductors opens up the transparent electronics market segment. The potential to be used in transparent logic circuits could lead to the development of a suite of new devices, and metal oxide materials can provide the characteristics necessary to make it happen. Solution-processed metal oxide manufacturing would be lower cost than the deposition of metal oxide materials. This cost advantage could enable their use in the inexpensive manufacture of intelligent sensors and RFID tags.
E.1.3 Opportunities for Materials Firms
The recent interest in metal oxide TFT backplanes has spurred the market for companies that can supply amorphous metal oxide materials. Because the metal oxide production process is a deposition process, there will be a high demand for high quality metal oxide sputtering targets that can be used in the latest generation sputtering systems. The firms to keep an eye on in this space currently are Advanced Nano Products, JX Nippon Mining & Metals and Ulvac Materials, although more companies are expected to enter the space due to the recent increase in demand for metal oxide materials. The focus of the industry is on indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) from the commercial point of view, and companies manufacturing sputtering targets for IGZO are expected to become much more prevalent over the course of this forecast period.
E.2 Firms to Watch in this Space
There are multiple firms that have undertaken the development of production lines to accommodate metal oxide backplane technology. These are primarily the large players in the flat-panel display industry, and the fact that these companies are behind the production of metal oxide backplanes is a sign of the potential of this technology. The firms to watch in this space are summarized in Exhibit E-1.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Exhibit E-1: Firms to Watch in the Metal Oxide TFT Space Company Metal Oxide TFT Production Activity AUO AUO has the potential to begin volume production of oxide TFTs by 2013. This technology will play a big role in AUO's recent entry into the AMOLED market with a suite of products. CBRITE CBRITE is pioneering non-IGZO-based oxide TFT backplanes. Since CBRITE is a small, early stage company, the timeline for its product to reach the market is dependent on its ability to form strategic partnerships that can commercialize its technology. LG Display LG is likely to see revenues from products with metal oxide backplanes as early as late 2012 or early 2013. It is expected to get large area AMOLED-based TVs into the market, and metal oxide backplanes are an important strategic move in this direction. Samsung Samsung has shown interest in metal oxide technology, as evidenced by prototype products. It is expected to come to the market with metal oxide backplanes toward the end of 2013. Sharp Sharp has pioneered the commercialization of IGZO, and is the most committed to getting IGZO backplanes into its display products. It is expected to convert a state-of-the-art fab to manufacture IGZO backplanes, and is rumored to have a strategic partnership with Apple to manufacture IGZO-based displays for Apple's iPad.
© NanoMarkets 2012
Page | 4
E.3 Summary of Eight-Year Forecasts for Metal Oxide TFT Products
Exhibit E-2 summarizes the eight-year forecasts for metal oxide backplanes in the flat-panel display industry. NanoMarkets expects this market to be valued at $3.8 billion by the end of the forecast period. The predicted market growth is driven by the need of the flat-panel display industry for high mobility backplanes. Backplanes capable of enabling higher resolution, lower power consumption and higher driving currents (specifically for AMOLEDs), all at a reasonable cost, are what the industry requires at present, and metal oxide backplanes are poised to provide this capability. However, metal oxide backplanes will directly compete with LTPS as a high mobility backplane material. These two technologies will be competing in the marketplace along the following dimensions: • Electrical characteristics and performance—LTPS has the upper hand in this regard with higher mobility figures, although there are questions about the stability of the film in larger areas.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
• •
Ease of production—The scalability of the LTPS production processes is severely limited when compared to the production of metal oxide backplanes. Cost of production—The laser annealing process used in LTPS production is significantly more costly than the sputtering process used to deposit oxide backplanes. Additionally, Page | 5 the capital expenditure required for the production equipment needed for LTPS manufacturing is significantly higher than that required for metal oxide backplanes.
LTPS is dominant in the smartphone market segment, having been in the market for longer. Metal oxide backplanes are better-suited for the large area display market segments, and the cost-effective production process is expected to make them strongly competitive in the smartphone and small-area segment as well. Therefore, the smartphone and TV markets are expected to be significant revenue generators for metal oxide backplanes in the early portion of the forecast period, with the tablet market segment showing the best potential for rapid growth. Metal oxide TFTs will also see significant penetration in the AMOLED market over the course of this forecast period, specifically in the medium and large display area sectors. However, the unit sales of AMOLED displays in the tablet, personal computer and TV space are tempered by the fact that the AMOLED display is itself an emerging technology in these market segments. The LCD market will see much lower penetration numbers than the AMOLED market, but the size of the market means that this penetration still translates to significant revenues. The penetration of oxide backplanes in the LCD market is expected to occur at a steady rate, with oxide backplanes seeing significant market share towards the end of the forecast period. aSilicon is entrenched as a backplane technology, and as such there is significant inertia against replacing it, and so new technology is not expected to penetrate extremely rapidly.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Total Oxide Material Shipped
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2012 © NanoMarkets, LC 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
E.4 Concluding Remarks
NanoMarkets believes that high mobility backplanes have a very important role to play in the display industry. Metal oxide backplanes will be competing with LTPS in this space, while attempting to replace a-silicon as the industry standard backplane material. Metal oxide materials compete primarily on the ease and relative cost effectiveness of their manufacturing process while providing significant improvements over a-silicon. Amorphous metal oxide backplanes will become a strong commercial technology over the course of this forecast period, and the reasons for this have been explored in this report. The oxide TFT is a technology that offers value propositions that satisfy the needs of the display industry across various market segments, and is a very real commercial opportunity going forward.
Millions Sq. M
Page | 8
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background to this Report
Metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are poised to capture a very real revenue opportunity in Page | 9 the display industry. Amorphous metal oxide materials have the potential to be used in the backplane of flat-panel displays as an alternative to amorphous silicon (a-silicon), which is currently the industry standard. a-Silicon is limited in its performance as a backplane material, and its newer, high-performance alternative, low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) is extremely expensive to produce. Metal oxide materials offer better performance than a-silicon, and are cheaper to manufacture than LTPS, which is in good alignment with the needs of the display industry going forward. The importance of addressing each picture element (each unit of which is called a pixel) in a flat-panel display containing well over a million pixels is a task that is accomplished by either a passive or active matrix in the backplane of the display. This act of addressing is what renders the image on the screen from the electronic input. LCD technology has dominated the market in the recent past in high-resolution, fast-refreshing large display applications such as laptops and TVs. The addressing of pixels in LCDs has typically been achieved using what is known as an "active matrix" of thin-film transistors fabricated, most commonly, out of amorphous silicon. It has, however, been known for some time now that a-silicon isn't the ideal material for thin film transistor backplanes. Even so, they have met the requirements of the display industry that is currently dominated by LCD technology. But LCD display makers have come to the realization that a-silicon is really a stagnant technology. It has reached the upper limits of process and morphological improvement that engineering of the production processes can provide, and is now really limited by the properties of a-silicon itself. Displays for the next decade are either going to be LCD-based or organic light emitting diode (OLED)-based for the most part. Next-generation LCD displays are not going to have their performance needs satisfied by a-silicon; it quite simply doesn't have the potential to meet the improved resolution requirements, higher refresh rates, and lower power goals of nextgeneration LCD displays. It is also incapable of satisfying the requirements of large-area OLED displays. It will eventually come to the point where a-silicon will potentially become a limiting factor with regard to improving the performance of next-generation displays unless a novel backplane material is introduced. NanoMarkets believes that there is room for a technological
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
improvement at a fundamental level. Hence, there is a very real revenue opportunity for companies seeking to bring newer backplane technologies to the market. Amorphous transparent metal oxide based TFTs have the requisite materials properties to satisfy the needs of next-generation displays, as will be evidenced later in this report. It's very Page | 10 realistic that metal oxide TFTs will, in fact, be a suitable replacement for a-silicon. There are some obstacles that need to be overcome with regard to device stability in large area and large volume production, but the development of these materials is being backed in a large way by multiple companies. The display industry is rapidly expanding with regard to the number of consumer electronics devices on the market. The tablet and smartphone segments have added a new dimension to the market, allowing OLED displays to make an entrance in smaller area applications (they have, until very recently, been found unsuitable for large-area displays). There are also flexible displays in the works at a few companies, as well as electrophoretic ink-based displays that have been present in the market for some time now. This suite of commercialized devices allows for a targeted segmentation approach by a new technology entering the market. Certain companies are pioneering metal oxide TFTs for largearea LCD and OLED display applications, while others are planning on targeting the tablet display market. Strategies behind these decisions revolve around production capability, the substrate area capable of being handled by the manufacturing facilities, and where companies believe they can see the highest revenue opportunity for their amorphous oxide backplanes. Segmentation in a relatively mature market is essential in meeting customer demands and positioning the product so as to maximize revenue. New, high growth segments (smartphones, tablets, notebooks) in the consumer electronics device market have led to a large increase in the potential revenue to be captured by display makers. With these high-growth segments, however, comes increased consumer expectations from the point of view of visual quality and performance in displays, and the need to meet these expectations is why bringing new technology to the market is crucial. NanoMarkets believes that the industry is on the brink of an overhaul with regard to its backplane technology. It is not really a question of if a-silicon will be replaced, but rather, when. At its present stage of development, amorphous metal oxide backplane technology, with the properties it displays from a performance point of view, is the most realistic replacement.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
1.1.1 The Silicon Landscape
a-Silicon has, for a long time, been the material of choice for use in the transistors for display backplanes. There are various reasons why, but it is also readily apparent that there is room for improvement, and changes in the morphology of silicon itself have led to performance improvements that could prove to usurp a-silicon. The base material is still silicon however, and Page | 11 it appears that silicon has really made itself indivisible from the backplane transistor. a-Silicon provides adequate performance for large-scale display applications in terms of its electronic performance. The key word in the above sentence is adequate, but it definitely has limitations: • The mobility of amorphous silicon is a few orders of magnitude less than that of crystalline silicon, yet it has managed to become the material of choice for the active matrix of thin-film transistors in displays. The low mobility of a-silicon, a fundamental materials property, is coupled with a loss of real estate on the backplane, because the size of each transistor is forced to be relatively large, leading to a larger pixel, and hence lower screen resolution. a-Silicon requires an external driver circuit to manipulate the transistors at each pixel, and this driving circuit can't be made out of a-silicon due to its low mobility. The external circuit is an added production step, and is a potential target for cost savings if it can be incorporated into the TFT active matrix fabrication process.
a-Silicon is still favored because of its low temperature, relatively inexpensive production process compared to better-performing materials. Additionally, the production process allows for relatively simple scalability to large areas, which has led to the general adoption of a-silicon in large-area electronics applications. An important question is whether a-silicon has the potential to continue its dominance in these applications. It beats competitors on cost, but one wonders when the value of added performance will prove itself worth the additional cost for switching materials. Development efforts have been specifically targeted at low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) as a thin-film transistor material for displays. Its benefits include: • • • • A significantly higher mobility than a-silicon; Smaller grain sizes, leading to smaller transistors, smaller pixels and higher resolution; The ability to integrate driver circuits onto the glass substrate, significantly reducing the number of connections on the substrate and improving durability; and Lower power consumption than a-silicon.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
LTPS does have certain problems, though. It is usually manufactured by a process that depends on laser annealing, which is an expensive fabrication method with questionable scalability compared to the relatively standard lithographic manufacturing of a-silicon. This issue is a strong inhibitor to the adoption of poly-silicon in large area display applications, and so far this Page | 12 technology has made limited inroads, and mostly in devices with small displays. Small display applications have grown strongly as a revenue stream with the advent of smart phones and tablets. And this market segment has actually made it possible for higherperforming materials like poly-silicon to see applicability in the market. At the very least, small area displays provide an avenue for market entry while development efforts continue to address the scalability of the production process for large-area displays. The recent advances in OLED displays have also spurred the development of LTPS for display applications. LTPS has the potential to really push the large scale adoption of OLED devices, the highest volumes of which are used in small area displays. The competitive landscape between OLED and LCD displays over the forecast period could lead to interesting backlashes in the backplane sector as well. Currently, OLEDs have not been able to penetrate the large-area display market, primarily due to high production costs. However, organic displays are experiencing extremely rapid increases in adoption in the smartphone market. The emerging adoption of LTPS in response to superior performance demands in the small area display segment could lead to the displacement of a-silicon as the dominant force in smaller device backplanes. LCDs currently dominate the large-area display market, and a-silicon is the industry standard backplane technology in this segment. It is cheap and its performance meets the device requirements, but how long will this last? Going one step further than that, in an application entirely dominated by variations on silicon thin films, is there room for revolutionary material substitutes to squeeze out a position in the short term, and perhaps expand it to a reasonable market share in the long run? This report aims to shed some light on the answer to that question, specifically with regard to the potential of thin film metal oxides in this market.
1.1.2 Metal Oxide TFTs and How They Fit In
The fact is that metal oxide thin-film transistors have the very real potential to be a disruptive technology in this market. This potential stems from the fact that they, in a sense, combine the best of both the a-silicon and LTPS worlds. They offer:
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
• • • •
A mobility higher than a-silicon, though lower than LTPS; Low temperature fabrication, coupled with the potential for relatively cheap large scale production, which LTPS does not offer (yet); Smaller pixel sizes than a-silicon, and hence higher resolution displays; and A larger aperture ratio compared to a-silicon per pixel, allowing for higher transmission through the backplane. This feature could be used to reduce the power of the backlight, or to increase brightness as per the device requirements. Page | 13
Metal oxide thin films are potentially a competitive force to be reckoned with in this space, and have garnered the commercial interests of multiple companies looking to capitalize on these advantages. These firms will be elaborated on more in the following chapters in this report, but both big names in the display space such as Sharp, as well as smaller companies like CBrite Inc., are hoping to really capitalize on the potential of thin-film metal oxide transistors to gain traction in the display market. Metal oxides have the potential to simultaneously impact both large and small area displays, and offer a cost effective replacement for a-silicon. Improvements in fabrication processes and the shift to truly large volume manufacturing will lower costs for metal oxides, easing their entry into the laptop and television market. Companies like Sharp and LG Display are already pushing metal oxide TFT backplanes for largearea applications, and the relative simplicity and scalability of the production process for metal oxide TFTs is a strong enabling factor for the technology. Oxide TFT technology is largely compatible with existing production lines in use for LCD displays, reducing the capital expenditure for panel makers. The production of large-scale OLED displays will allow companies to leverage this factor, since they can modify existing LCD production lines for the shift to oxide TFTs. Large scale OLED displays are going into production soon, and oxide TFTs will be a very important factor in ensuring that they are cost-competitive with LCD displays. The production of large scale active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) and oxide TFTs will go hand-in-hand as they push forth into the large area display marketplace. Metal oxides will offer strong competition to LTPS, since both of these materials are ideally suited for OLED displays. The explosive growth of the smartphone and tablet markets using active-matrix OLEDs is the market driver most strongly pushing the development and
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
commercialization of these materials in this market segment. The high resolution and increased transmission through the backplane of both of these technologies are key requirements for small area displays. From purely a performance point of view, LTPS actually is superior to metal oxide TFTs at their Page | 14 current state-of-the-art. However the high costs associated with LTPS might prove to be a technology killer going forward. This high-cost position of LTPS will allow metal oxide TFTs to be used in a significant portion of the applications that LTPS would have been attempting to capture going forward. So while LTPS may have the edge in the near term, metal oxide TFTs could really pose a serious threat to its continued use. The focus paid to silicon so far in this report is intended to provide a view of the competitive landscape that metal oxide TFTs face as they enter the market. The devices they are used in (and hence display size) will end up segmenting the market for metal oxide TFTs in a way that allows the technology to leverage its strengths. The market has effectively done the same thing for silicon, with a-silicon dominating the large are display formats, and LTPS making an impact in smaller area displays and emerging OLED displays. Metal oxide TFTs will need to position themselves slightly differently in each of these markets, and do offer the potential for capturing significant revenue from each segment. The success of metal oxide TFTs coming off of large volume production lines is yet to be evaluated. Performance and quality control in manufacturing situations can be challenging in a material that inherently has been shown to have inferior electrical stability (with regard to the transistor threshold voltage) than a-silicon. The most important questions that will affect the adoption of metal oxide TFTs as their output is increased over the next one to three years: • Cost effectiveness of the production process. Will the expected minimal overhaul of the existing LCD backplane production lines be a low capital expenditure move while still providing high product quality? What is the true lifetime of the metal oxide backplane, and will electrical stability prove to be a problem with use? Can the uniformity of the metal oxide thin film be improved and made comparable to asilicon, particularly in large scale displays? What are the scalability limits of the film?
• •
Metal oxide TFTs should really be aiming at becoming the industry standard technology for display backplanes over the next decade. In the current industry environment, the technologies
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
competing with metal oxide TFTs are really LTPS, from the point of view of performance, and asilicon, simply because it is the current industry standard; there are no other emerging technologies on the horizon that are far enough along in their development at this point to really present a challenge to metal oxides. Additionally, LTPS is expensive for large-area manufacturing, and this fact is a prime example of where performance alone doesn't guarantee success in the marketplace. Metal oxide TFTs are much better-suited to the industry needs from the overall point of view of cost, performance, manufacturability, and scalability.
1.2 Objectives and Scope of this Report
Page | 15
The objective of this report is to highlight the business revenue opportunities for metal oxide TFT backplane materials in the various market segments of the display industry. This goal is achieved through an analysis of the evolution of the display market and its expected future directions. With regard to forecasting, more attention has been paid to the opportunities for the metal oxide films that are likely to see commercialization over the course of this forecast period, such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). The range of possible material compositions available to fabricate transparent metal oxide thin films is vast, and hence the ones that are being focused on actively by companies in the industry are similarly highlighted here. The other oxide materials that might have a role to play in the industry further on down the road have been mentioned. These include aluminum zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, hafnium indium zinc oxide and p-type amorphous oxides. However, their role as backplane materials is not strongly emphasized from a commercial point of view by the display industry, and they have been treated as such here. The value propositions of the amorphous metal oxides discussed in this report are then analyzed from the point of view of the needs of the display market, and their potential for generating revenue is discussed. This report also provides detailed market forecasts for metal oxide TFT backplanes in the display industry. The market forecasts are presented by the main types of backplane materials, as well as by the key market segments that metal oxide TFT backplanes will cater to. The forecasts consist of annual revenue figures for panels using these materials, as well as the area of backplane material used, over an eight-year period. The numbers have been arrived at based on analyzing the state of the display industry and the various competitive forces at play within it.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
In addition, this report is international in scope. We have not been geographically selective in the firms covered or interviewed for the purposes of compiling this report.
1.3 Methodology of this Report
The information for this report is derived from a variety of sources, primarily from Page | 16 NanoMarkets' interview program of technologists, business development managers and academics associated with this field. An extensive search of the technical literature and relevant company Web sites was also conducted. Additionally, previous reports from NanoMarkets that bear relevance to the subject have been consulted, including the following: Markets for OLED Materials 2011, Emerging Markets for Non-ITO Transparent Conductive Oxides 2011, and Zinc Oxide Markets 2010 and Beyond. The forecasting method used in this report is explained in detail in Chapter Four, but the fundamental approach is to identify the key driving forces for the adoption of metal oxide technology over the course of the forecasting period, and use these drivers as the basis for our predictions. The driving forces within each display application are then evaluated to judge the level of market penetration that metal oxide TFTs are likely to achieve in the various segments in the display space.
1.4 Plan of this Report
Chapter Two will discuss the present technology roadmap for metal oxide TFTs, as well as provide an assessment of the developmental progress of this technology at various firms. Chapter Three will then go on to investigate the market requirements that are expected to drive the adoption of oxide TFTs, and how these requirements will translate to revenue opportunities. Finally, Chapter Four will go over our eight-year forecasts for metal oxide TFTs, both from the point of view of the material type, as well as the applications that present themselves.
NanoMarkets, LC | PO Box 3840 | Glen Allen, VA 23058 | TEL: 804-270-1718 | FAX: 804-360-7259
This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?
We've moved you to where you read on your other device.
Get the full title to continue listening from where you left off, or restart the preview.