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An Alchemy of Mind: The Marvel and Mystery of the Brain Paperback – 1 Sep 2005
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"Evocative and meaningful."
-- Carl Zimmer, "The Washington Post"
"Evocative and meaningful."
-- Carl Zimmer, "The Washington Post"
"Ackerman [is] our poetic chronicler of the natural world."
-- "Chicago Tribune"
"[A] lovely...arresting...discourse on brain science."
-- "Entertainment Weekly"
"Partly close observation, partly free association, Ackerman's paean turns the inside of our heads into...[something] gorgeous, tender, jewelled."
-- "The New York Times Book Review"
"A love song to the brain...combines flights of lyricism and autobiographical reflection with a cooler, more cerebral amalgam of science, anthropology, psychology, history, and literature."
-- Francine Prose, "More" magazine
"Evocative and meaningful."
-- Carl Zimmer, "The Washington Post"
About the Author
Poet, essayist, and naturalist, Diane Ackerman is the author of many highly acclaimed works of nonfiction, including A Natural History of the Senses -- a book beloved by readers all over the worldand the volumes Deep Play, A Slender Thread, The Rarest of the Rare, A Natural History of Love, The Moon by Whale Light, and a memoir on flying, On Extended Wings.
Her poetry has been collected into six volumes, among them Jaguar of Sweet Laughter: New and Selected Poems and, most recently, Praise My Destroyer.
Ms. Ackerman has received many prizes and awards, including the John Burroughs Nature Award and the Lavan Poetry Prize. A Visiting Professor at the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University, she was the National Endowment for the Humanities Distinguished Professor at the University of Richmond. Ms. Ackerman also has the unusual distinction of having had a molecule named after her -- dianeackerone. She lives in upstate New York.
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Top Customer Reviews
Ackerman's writing skills are immeasurably captivating. She has an almost uncanny ability to synopsise or compress a complex quantity of information into a limited space. In this book, she opens with a brief review of consciousness theories, followed by a tour of the brain's physical domain. She demonstrates how her own mind is working as a sample readers may use in understanding their own consciousness. She explains how the brain works along many paths, using varying paces of internal communications. Whatever we feel about ourselves "inside", she notes, there is no single, consistent identity that we can focus on for any duration. There are simply too many influences, both external and internal, affecting how the brain is operating at any given moment. And for "brain", Ackerman reminds us, read "mind". She's under no delusion that the two may be separated.
As Ackerman trips happily over the many treacherous questions besetting those in cognitive sciences, she introduces little asides to keep you entertained. We learn of "Oscar", an alligator who wanted to mate with a French horn player.Read more ›
Most Helpful Customer Reviews on Amazon.com (beta)
I began reading Diane Ackerman's "An Alchemy of Mind : The Marvel and Mystery of the Brain" with some vague expectation that what I would find there was a synergy of poetic and scientific descriptions -- perhaps the only synthesis capable of preserving the marvel while unlocking some of the mystery of the human mind. Ackerman wastes no time in establishing her ability to use words. She begins, "Imagine the brain, that shiny mound of being, that mouse-gray parliament of cells, that dream factory, that petit tyrant inside a ball of bone..." (page 3). She is abundantly and wonderfully skilled at creating magical combinations from common words and her book is full of deceptively simple observations (such as the playful but profound "The brain is a five-star generalizer." -- page 54) that manage to convey far more than first impressions might indicate.
But she also wastes little time before indicating that her understanding of science is at best inexperienced. She makes references to theories that are not at all widely accepted (from ESP to Julian Jaynes' "... Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind") without ever discussing them and therefore giving them an implied stamp of acceptability. Worse, she seems to misunderstand evolution (or at least fails to discourage her readers from believing that it is purposeful and sometimes calculating) and confuses descriptions of the phenomenological experience of mind with (as being equivalent to) explanations for how the mind works. (It is interesting and to some degree telling that in the index for the book one finds an entry for Pirsig but not Pinker, Crick but not Dennett, ...)
Ackerman's scientific abilities are made all the more questionable by the nature of her occasional careless statement. On page 38 she attempts to make the immense time span of "32 million years" more easily appreciated by saying it's equivalent to 44,000 consecutive lifetimes (highly unlikely unless the average lifetime is over 720 years). "Common sense," she write on page 10, "tells us that if life exists elsewhere in the universe, it will be far more technologically advanced than we" (a statement that is far closer to nonsense than common sense). The real problem with all of these problems is that they make everything she wants to tell you questionable. How do you maintain (or regain) trust in what Ackerman presents? Why should you read any of it if you have to continuously be checking the veracity of her statements?
There is one possible reason: because Ackerman has a beautiful way with words. But for that to remain a good reason you need to keep in mind that "An Alchemy of Mind" is not really a science book or, ultimately, even a valuable collection of essays about the human mind. It is really better described as a collection of poetic essays about how Diane Ackerman experiences and thinks about her own mind (and how some books she's read influence that experience). Read with that in mind, there are some real diamonds to be discovered between the covers of this book.
Her approach is to select a topic that is in its essence ineffable, then gather information about it from the worlds of science and evolutionary theory,literature, myth, popular culture and personal experience, and lavish her findings with elaborately worked, poetic prose. Her intention is to say the unsayable. Here, for instance, is Ackerman defining memory in her newest book, " An Alchemy of Mind," which considers the human brain and consciousness from her customarily impressionistic mix of perspectives: "An event is such a little piece of time and space, leaving only a mind glow behind like the tail of a shooting star. For lack of a better word, we call that scintillation memory."
She is a grand, erudite synthesizer, positioning herself at the place where knowledge ends and reporting back to us in the language of lyric. "I believe consciousness is brazenly physical," she tells her readers, "a raucous mirage the brain creates to help us survive. But I also sense the universe is magical, greater than the sum of its parts." This is not the way things sound in neuroscience journals or philosophy of mind papers.
With "An Alchemy of Mind," which might as well have been called "A Natural History of the Mind," Ackerman delights in finding metaphors that simultaneously describe and demonstrate what she is saying. Explaining our compulsion to make subjective order from objective chaos, for instance, she speaks in terms of cartography: "The brain is still terra incognita on the map of mortality, still the fabled world where riches and monsters lurk. But we've begun mapping its shores and learning about its ecology."
As always, Ackerman has done her homework. Her book offers a useful, evocative picture of what is known about the brain's landscape and environment. It presents current research in cognitive science, neuroscience and technology to show how the brain evolved and is structured. It discusses memory and emotion, the formulation of self, the development and operation of language, the differences between human and animal brain function.
Ackerman loves the clarity of fact. But she adores the quixotic, the paradoxical: "Language is so hard only children can master it," she tells us.
Any page reveals a gem of expressive clarity.Early in the book, examining how the brain adapts as we learn new information, Ackerman says, "We arrive in this world clothed in the loose fabric of a self, which then tailors itself to the world it finds."Later, talking about emotions,she says, "Our ideas may behave, but our emotions are still Pleistocene, and they snarl for attention, they nip at passing ankles." To this, in a brilliant throwaway line, she adds, "Emotions often provide a dark italics to our lives." These are memorable translations of scientific premises.
"An Alchemy of Mind" is a bravura performance in the field of popular science writing. At a time when books about the brain, mind and consciousness compete for readers' attention,Ackerman has presented a helpful survey of the field leavened by yeasty writing and provocative insights.
--Floyd Skloot, Newsday
I loved the way Ackerman explains how the brain works in simple language. I learned that neurons grow new dendritic connections every time a person learns something new or expands on connections that already exists. Neurons communicate with each other by using axons.
There is an interesting chapter in this book that explains the differences between the way men and women think. Women solve problems using both sides of the brain. Men use only the side that specializes in that problem. Men lose more brain cells in the temporal and frontal lobes affecting feeling and thinking as they age. Women lose more brain cells in the hippocampus affecting memory as they get older. Ackerman makes an interesting observation that women worry about losing emotional attachments. This is in contrast to men who worry about losing face.
I also learned that human beings share the same motives, feelings and instincts with animals. We all share and seek a need for protection, hunger, status seeking, social contact, sexual desire, and acceptance. I also learned that tool use isn't just limited to monkeys and humans. Crows have the ability to bend wire into a hook to retrieve food in a bucket.
One of the most interesting sections of this book is the one about memory. I learned that the brain does four things to remember. It recognizes patterns, interprets them, records their source, and retrieves them. Ackerman defines the different types of memory which I found helpful. Working memory holds crates of information for immediate use, but it can only do one thing at a time. Episodic memories are those that are linked to a certain feeling. Memory suffers when we are under stress or if we are bored. Challenge, exercise, and novelty of new things improve our memory. I really liked the way Ackerman connects the subject of memory and language. Language gives us a verbal memory that allows us to learn and remember without physically experience something. Words serve as memory aids for some people too.
An Alchemy of Mind is a very informative and entertaining book. I recommend this book to anyone who is interested in learning more about neuroscience or psychology.
Despite all this, I really did enjoy this book, and I recommend it to those who want to read a creative work by a writer who lends poetic flair to even the most mundane topics. (...)
The other reviewers are correct to point out that there are some errors and bad science. However, there is also much good science and the book accomplishes its goal of sparking us to appreciate our brains in a different way.
Diane Ackerman has an excellent command of words and a very lyrical style that engages the emotions. Her explanations and examples are clear and poignant.
While this might not be the best book for understanding the brain at the deepest levels, it is certainly a worthwhile read for the average person. It is a relatively light read and it will certainly prompt more curiosity.
Despite some errors and bad science, I recommend this book for its ability to deepen understanding of this very difficult to approach topic. While it is not perfect, there is much excellent and accurate content. Think of it as a novel about the brain, which is mostly accurate, but there is some poetic license in play. If you are a hard core scientist or scientific type, there are other books which you would enjoy much more.
Another book about the brain that I recently read was the FEMALE BRAIN. I highly recommend this to anyone, but it's a deeper exploration and although it's fairly light, it's not as light or readable as this. It also contains a lot of information on males despite the title.
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I want to take our grandchildren on an air boat ride in an open boat. Which parks are desireable. Children are 14 and 12.
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air boat tours around Ft. Lauderdale
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If you're thinking of taking an air boat tour within Everglades National Park, forget it.
These thrill rides are so noisy for animal life, and so destructive to plant life, that they have been banned within the park for years.
I was not able to find any state park that permits fast speeds on these devices, either.
You'll have to amuse yourself on privately owned land.
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Hmm, we did an airboat tour after our cruise years ago - killing time before our flight left. So I checked Carnival's website, and they still offer it.
Looks like they use this company - website states they do offer airboat rides through the Park.
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Here's the official word:
The only place you can take a thrill ride into the Park itself is in the portion added in 1989.
Plain and simple, I goofed -- I should added the words "vast majority of the park designated as wilderness."
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We did a ride at Sawgrass Recreational Park last month. It was fun, although cold weather prevented us from seeing many gators. Check out reviews on TripAdvisor. It was noisy, they had a small reptile and mammal animal/zoo area and a foodtruck that had surprisingly good BBQ. Not perfect, but a fun afternoon - this might be what you are looking for. It was about 45 minutes west of Deerfield Beach (which is between FLL and WPB)
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There are some unexpected celebs and unexpected bags in our final celeb handbag round-up of the week. Natalie Portman has appeared in the wild, bucket bags are still getting love and Chrissy Teigen's affections have returned to a certain Saint Laurent style.
At the PurseBlog offices, we're putting the finishing touches on some new stuff before our we all get a little bit of much-needed rest next week (don't worry, there will still be plenty of things to ready every day!), but for now, we're here to do a different thing of great importance: look at the best designer bag discounts on the Internet this week.
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Coach is America's biggest homegrown accessories brand, not to mention arguably the world's most important contemporary handbag brand, so we always pay attention when there's a new Coach collection to see. That's especially true since creative director Stuart Vevers launched Coach 1941, the company's more fashion-forward and luxurious offshoot, and the Coach 1941 Fall 2016 collection, which just launched on Coach.com, demonstrates exactly why.
In some ways, celebrities live on a different planet than you and I, but in other ways, they're not that different at all. Most famous people weren't born famous (or rich), and if they became that way in adulthood, they probably still remember what it was like to be a normal.
The entire Kardashian family loves Hermès bags just about as much as any other celebrities I can think of. While Kim loves her Birkins as much as the next Kardashian, Kris, the matriarch of the family constantly carries Hermès bags; recently we did the math to see how much Kris Jenner's Hermès collection is worth (hint: over $500,000).
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
8/25/2014 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
Officials in Syria are reporting the fighters from the Islamic State have taken control of the Tabqa airbase in Raqqa province, the last stronghold of Bashar al-Assad's government in that area.
Residents of Raqqa, the capital of the Islamic State, celebrate the capture of a Syrian airbase.
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
8/25/2014 (2 years ago)
Published in Middle East
Keywords: Syria, Middle East, International
LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Syrian State TV confirmed that government forces had "evacuated" the airbase after days of fighting there resulted in the death of hundreds on both sides.
In Iraq and Syria, Christians NEED YOUR HELP!
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Syrian jets strike targets around an airbase that was recently captured by the Islamic State.
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Gastroenteritis in Pets
Lengthy bouts of vomiting and diarrhea can be a sign that your pet has gastroenteritis, a common condition that occurs when the lining of the stomach and intestines becomes irritated. Since freque ...View Article
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Devoid of photo opportunities.
By Stu
21 May 2008
Welcome to Mosul, Iraq. Or to be more specific, FOB Marez and LSA Diamondback. I'm not kidding when I say "devoid of opportunities." After my first 3 months, there was just nothing left.
Soldiers? Check. Helicopters? Check. Tanks? Check. Planes? Check. Sunrises/sunsets? Check. Beat up Iraqi equipment? Check. Stuff in the dayroom/my room? Check.
There is nothing left for me to photograph (unless of course I stumble across a Desert Cobra or Horned Viper).
I love photography... This place is hell for photographers.
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Woj gave props (9 Oct 2010):
very interesting series
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Photo Flash: First Look at Cirque-Inspired TEMPEST at Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival
by BWW News Desk - Jul 29, 2016
William Shakespeare's The Tempest will be presented by the Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival (NDSF) August 16 through August 28. Directed by Cirque du Soleil's West Hyler, The Tempest will perform at Notre Dame's DeBartolo Performing Arts Center. (more...)
VIDEO: Shaina Taub Sings Powerful Gun Violence Plea 'When' at City Center Encores! Off-Center JAMBOREE
by Michael Dale - Jul 29, 2016
The 'half-lament, half-rallying cry' was originally written in response to the Sandy Hook shootings. (more...)
Pulse Ensemble to Bring W.E.B. DU BOIS: A MAN FOR ALL TIMES to FringeNYC
by BWW News Desk - Jul 29, 2016
Pulse Ensemble Theatre presents W. E. B. DU BOIS: A MAN FOR ALL TIMES, written and directed by Alexa Kelly (Artistic Director Pulse Ensemble Theatre, Founder/AD Harlem Summer Shakespeare) as part of FringeNYC. (more...)
The Brelby Theatre Company to Present THE OZ CHRONICLES This August
by BWW News Desk - Jul 29, 2016
The Brelby Theatre Company located in Historic Downtown Glendale, is excited to produce the third installment of their 2016 Mainstage Season. (more...)
David Heron Takes on Shakespeare in the Park - Jamaican Style!
by BWW News Desk - Jul 29, 2016
Audiences attending the New York Classical Theatre's current production of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale in Manhattan's Battery Park are experiencing a rare treat- the words of the Bard being spoken in lilting Jamaican 'patois'- or dialect- by award winning actor David Heron, who appears as King Polixenes of Bohemia in the show. (more...)
Chukwudi Iwuji to Lead the Public's Free MOBILE UNIT Production of HAMLET This Fall
by BWW News Desk - Jul 28, 2016
Continuing its commitment to bringing free Shakespeare to the community and strengthening audience engagement with the arts, The Public Theater will mount its MOBILE UNIT again this fall with a free three-week tour to the five boroughs of Shakespeare's HAMLET, directed by Patricia McGregor. (more...)
Jason Robert Brown Teases Tonight's SubCulture Gig With Shaina Taub; Hints at Something Big For September
by Michael Dale - Jul 27, 2016
The show will include the two songwriters doing arrangements of each other's work. (more...)
BWW Review: Wondrous Ensemble in THE PITMEN PAINTERS at American Stage
by Peter Nason - Jul 27, 2016
Lee Hall's play ends the American Stage season with a bang; it's a lovely production. (more...)
STAGE TUBE: Jesse Tyler Ferguson Fully Commits to HAMILTON Audition at #Ham4Ham!
by Stage Tube - Jul 27, 2016
What happens when star of stage an screen Jesse Tyler Ferguson takes on Hamilton. Below watch as he fully commits to and 'audition' to be the show's next 'Lafayette/Jefferson'. (more...)
Louis Cancelmi Replaces Injured David Harbour in the Public's TROILUS AND CRESSIDA; Opening Pushed Back
by BWW News Desk - Jul 27, 2016
The Public Theater announced today that Louis Cancelmi, last seen as Caliban in the Shakespeare in the Park production of The Tempest, has joined the company of TROILUS AND CRESSIDA as Achilles. He is replacing David Harbour who suffered an injury during previews and will be unable to complete the run. The new press opening will now be Tuesday, August 9. (more...)
Dead Leaf Theatre to Bring ENDGAME: ARIEL to Camden Fringe 2016
by BWW News Desk - Jul 27, 2016
Dead Leaf have developed ENDGAME: ARIEL following a very successful run at the Courtyard Theatre, Hoxton, earlier this year and will be performing as part of Camden Fringe 2016. (more...)
Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey Presents EXIT THE KING
by BWW News Desk - Jul 27, 2016
The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey (STNJ) continues its 54th season with what is considered to be Eugene Ionesco's crowning masterpiece, Exit the King. Performances begin August 10 and continue through August 28 at the F.M. Kirby Shakespeare Theatre, 36 Madison Avenue (at Lancaster Road) in Madison. Tickets and subscriptions can be purchased by calling the Box Office at 973-408-5600or going online at shakespearenj.org. (more...)
Michael C. Hall & Todd Almond, Brasil Summerfest and More Coming Up at Joe's Pub This Summer
by BWW News Desk - Jul 26, 2016
Joe's Pub at The Public has announced its nightly performances from tomorrow, July 27, through August 7, 2016. Scroll down for details, and visit www.joespub.com for a complete list of shows! (more...)
Photo Flash: First Look at AN IDEAL HUSBAND at Actors' Theatre of Columbus
by BWW News Desk - Jul 26, 2016
In 1982, Actors' Theatre of Columbus (ATC) kicked off its first season with a single production of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. The success of that season proved that Schiller Park was an excellent venue for open air Shakespearean theater, and the troupe has continued this tradition for 35 years. 'To Tell the Truth,' Actors' Theatre's 2016 season, features four plays that ask questions about how far relationships can be strained and even broken by dishonesty, falsehood and slander. (more...)
Portland Shakespeare Project & Proscenium Journal Host Second Annual PROSCENIUM LIVE
by BWW News Desk - Jul 26, 2016
Offering different plays every night from five outstanding playwrights, Portland Shakespeare Project and Proscenium Journal will host the second annual Proscenium Live Festival of New Work, from August 18 to 21 on Artists Repertory Theatre's Alder Stage. (more...)
A CLASS ACT Opens at New World Stages Tonight
by BWW News Desk - Jul 25, 2016
After enjoying its World Premiere engagement earlier this spring at the Playroom Theater, A Class Act, the inaugural and relevant new play by attorney and playwright Norman Shabel, will now hold court at New World Stages - Stage 5(340 West 50th Street - between 8th & 9th Avenues) for a summer run. Produced by Eric Krebs, performances will begin on Saturday, July 9 at 8pm and continue through Sunday, September 4. (more...)
Declan Donnellan To Be Awarded The Golden Lion Award For Lifetime Achievement
by Edward Baker - Jul 25, 2016
Declan Donnellan will be awarded the Golden Lion of Venice. The board of La Biennale di Venezia will give the co-artistic director of Cheek by Jowl the award for lifetime achievement. The ceremony takes place on 29 July at this year's Biennale festival. (more...)
Upcoming Non-Equity Auditions Sunday, Jul. 24
by Audition Roundup - Jul 24, 2016
Updated this week! Check out upcoming Non-Equity Auditions from Sunday, July 24, 2016 for productions in your area and around the country. (more...)
Eric Overmyer's ON THE VERGE at the Theatre at St. Claude
by BWW News Desk - Jul 23, 2016
From celebrated playwright and television writer Eric Overmyer comes the tale of three intrepid female Victorian adventurers making their way across the mysterious Terra Incognita and discovering a new world, a new time, and even new identities. (more...)
Michael Potts to Star in Chautauqua Theater Company's New Play Commission THE PROFANE
by BWW News Desk - Jul 21, 2016
Michael Potts, best known for his roles of Brother Mouzone in 'The Wire' and Mafala Hatimbi in The Book of Mormon, has returned to Chautauqua Theater Company (CTC) as Raif in CTC's THE PROFANE, a new play commissioned from the celebrated CTC New Play Workshop alum Zayd Dohrn (Sick - 2008, Muckrakers - 2012). (more...)
HAMILTON's Daveed Diggs to Join the BLACK-ISH Family for Season 3
by TV News Desk - Jul 20, 2016
HAMILTON's Daveed Diggs, who just left the Broadway blockbuster last week, has added yet another project to his jam-packed film and TV schedule. (more...)
BWW Review: Daniel Radcliffe in Funny, Fascinating and Frightening PRIVACY
by Michael Dale - Jul 19, 2016
Keep your cell phones on for this exploration of our virtual profiles. (more...)
Natasha O'Brien and Stephen Barry to Lead CHILDREN OF EDEN at the Union Theatre; Cast Announced!
by BWW News Desk - Jul 19, 2016
Full casting is announced today for CHILDREN OF EDEN, which returns to London 25 years after its original West End production, playing at the Union Theatre from Wednesday 10 August, with a press night on Friday 12 August 2016. (more...)
Playwright Zayd Dohrn Returns to Chautauqua Theater Company with THE PROFANE
by BWW News Desk - Jul 19, 2016
Chautauqua Theater Company (CTC) and the Chautauqua Writers' Center have proudly partnered on their third new play commission, coming July 22 to the Bratton Theater stage. This year's commission, The Profane, is written by the celebrated CTC New Play Workshop alum Zayd Dohrn (Sick - 2008, Muckrakers - 2012). Directed by CTC Artistic Director Vivienne Benesch and playing July 22 - 31 at the Chautauqua Institution. Tickets are $35 and are currently on sale. (more...)
Tony Winner Daveed Diggs Takes On Jam-Packed Post-HAMILTON TV & Film Schedule
by TV News Desk - Jul 18, 2016
Tony winner Daveed Diggs, who took his final HAMILTON bows last week, is already heading into a jam-packed film and TV schedule in the upcoming months. (more...)
AUBERGINE Finds Cast, THE PROFANE Taps Director at Playwrights Horizons
by BWW News Desk - Jul 18, 2016
Playwrights Horizons has announced new details for its upcoming 2016/2017 Season. (more...)
Tony Winner Mandy Patinkin Joins Daveed Diggs in Lionsgate's WONDER
by Movies News Desk - Jul 18, 2016
Mandy Patinkin has also joined previously announced cast members Jacob Tremblay, Julia Roberts and Owen Wilson. (more...)
Cheek by Jowl Announces International Tour of THE WINTER'S TALE
by BWW News Desk - Jul 18, 2016
As the company's production of Measure for Measure prepares for performances in Denmark and Edinburgh, Artistic Directors Declan Donnellan and Nick Ormerod announce their production of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale. (more...)
STAGE TUBE: Watch HAMILTON Tony Winner Daveed Diggs' Final Curtain Call!
by Stage Tube - Jul 16, 2016
Last night, the cast of Hamilton bid happy trails to Tony winner Daveed Diggs, who played his final performance as Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson. Check out video below from the actor's final curtain call. (more...)
NY Public Library's Rosenberg Curator of Exhibitions Barbara Cohen-Stratyner on Stage Design by Ming Cho Lee
by NYPL for the Performing Arts - Jul 16, 2016
BroadwayWorld continues our exclusive content series, in collaboration with The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, which delves into the library's unparalleled archives, and resources. Below, check out a piece by Barbara Cohen-Stratyner, the Judy R. and Alfred A. Rosenberg Curator of Exhibitions for the Shelby Cullom Davis Museum, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts on: Stage Design by Ming Cho Lee. (more...)
Libby Winters and Ito Aghayere Set For UNIFORMS Off-Broadway
by BWW News Desk - Jul 15, 2016
Director Jimmy Maize (Spoon River Anthology at The Invisible Dog) and BOSS (En Garde Arts) will lead actresses Libby Winters (American Idiot) and Ito Aghayere (Lortel Nomination for Familiar at Playwrights Horizons) in Uniforms by Jeffrey James Keyes (The End of Days &Imaginary Friends) next month in the Samuel French 41st Annual Off Off Broadway Short Play Festival in New York City. (more...)
Photo Flash: World Premiere of Dashnight's CHOPS Celebrates Opening Night
by BWW News Desk - Jul 15, 2016
Dashnight Productions is delighted to present the World Premiere of CHOPS, running through August 14, with press opening last night, July 14 at 8 p.m. at Theater Wit, 1229 W. Belmont. BroadwayWorld has photos from the opening below! (more...)
Daveed Diggs Set for Andy Samberg's Pro Cycling Mockumentary on HBO
by BWW News Desk - Jul 15, 2016
HAMILTON's Daveed Diggs is zipping from Broadway -- where he takes his final bow tonight as iconic American figures Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson -- to pro cycling. (more...)
Video Roundup: Happy Trails to HAMILTON Tony Winner Daveed Diggs!
by BWW News Desk - Jul 15, 2016
Still can't get enough of Daveed? Fear not. We've collected some of our favorite appearances from the Tony winner below! (more...)
ALLEGIANCE's George Takei Boards PACIFIC OVERTURES at Classic Stage Company
by BWW News Desk - Jul 14, 2016
George Takei, who recently starred in the Broadway musical Allegiance, has been cast as 'Reciter' in Classic Stage Company's upcoming production of Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's PACIFIC OVERTURES, to be directed by Tony Award winner (and 2016 Tony Award nominee) John Doyle, who this season takes the reins as Artistic Director of the vital East Village theater company. (more...)
Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts Reveals Fall Season
by BWW News Desk - Aug 5, 2016
Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts Reveals Fall Events Season. Highlights include the Scottsdale International Film Festival, R&B legend Roberta Flack, flamenco guitarist Tomatito, the world-class Warsaw Philharmonic, The Havana Cuba All-Stars, best-selling author Garrison Keillor, Grammy-winning musician Bruce Hornsby, Broadway stars Adam Pascal and Anthony Rapp, The Capitol Steps' take on Trump vs. Hillary, and much more! (more...)
Casting Announced for World Premiere of Elinor Cook's PILGRIMS
by BWW News Desk - Aug 5, 2016
Casting is today announced for HighTide, Vicky Graham Productions and Theatr Clwyd world premiere production of Elinor Cook's new play Pilgrims for which she won the 2013 George Devine Award. Tamara Harvey, Artistic Director of Theatr Clwyd, will direct Steffan Donnelly, Jack Monaghan and Amanda Wilkin in the production which premieres at the tenth annual HighTide Festival of new plays from 8 - 18 September before moving to the Yard Theatre in London from 20 September - 15 October and then Theatr Clwyd from 18 - 29 October. (more...)
Shakespeare Dallas Closes 2016 Season With The Tempest
by BWW News Desk - Aug 4, 2016
'How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in't!' And how beauteous will the Fall be as Shakespeare Dallas rounds out its 2016 season of Shakespeare in the Park with The Tempest. (more...)
Lawrence Opera Theatre Presents Shakespseare 400
by BWW News Desk - Aug 3, 2016
Lawrence Opera Theatre's seventh Season honors the Bard (more...)
Nikki M. James, Jose Llana and Andrew Kober to Lead the Public's TWELFTH NIGHT Musical Adaptation
by BWW News Desk - Aug 3, 2016
The Public Theater will kick off the 2016-17 season in September with a free Public Works musical adaptation of TWELFTH NIGHT, conceived by Kwame Kwei-Armah and Shaina Taub, with music and lyrics by Shaina Taub. Directed by Kwame Kwei-Armah, TWELFTH NIGHT will once again feature over 200 actors and community members alongside five equity actors, including this year Nikki M. James as Viola and Jose Llana as Orsino. (more...)
Theatre of San Antonio Announces 2016-17 Season: PASSAGES
by BWW News Desk - Aug 3, 2016
The Classic Theatre of San Antonio - a local, non-profit, small professional theatre creates excellent that that is relevant, diverse, entertaining and transformative, and with community involvement and support, The Classic seeks to create connections and conversations about what it means to be human in the 21st century, through compelling classic work. (more...)
4th Wall Theatre Kicks Off 2016-17 Season With TRUE WEST
by BWW News Desk - Aug 2, 2016
4th Wall Theatre Company (formerly Stark Naked Theatre Company) opens its 2016-2017 season on September 9th with Sam Shepard's Tony-nominated masterpiece, True West-a modern American classic exploring themes of sibling rivalry, art as commerce, and what it means to 'be a man.' Like a runaway train, this dark comedy about two brothers and their mutual resentment takes audiences on a thrill ride into the dark side of the human psyche, with laughs and unexpected moments of revelation along the way. In its world premiere, the San Francisco Chronicle noted that True West is "clear, funny, naturalistic. It's also opaque, terrifying, surrealistic. If that sounds contradictory, you're on to one aspect of Shepard's winning genius-the ability to make you think your watching one thing while at the same time he's presenting another." (more...)
Shakespeare Dallas to Close 2016 Park Season with THE TEMPEST
by BWW News Desk - Aug 2, 2016
'How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in't!' And how beauteous will the Fall be as Shakespeare Dallas rounds out its 2016 season of Shakespeare in the Park with The Tempest. (more...)
Matthew Kelly To Star In PRIDE AND PREJUDICE At Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
by Edward Baker - Aug 1, 2016
Full casting is announced today for Regent's Park Open Air Theatre's acclaimed production of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice which, after sell-out performances in 2013, returns this year to conclude the 2016 Summer Season ahead of a major UK Tour in September. Opening at the Churchill Theatre, Bromley, the tour will then visit Norwich, Cambridge, Salford, Leicester, Woking, Truro, Birmingham and Richmond, with further dates in 2017. There will be a press night at the Churchill Theatre, Bromley on Thursday 22 September at 7.30pm. (more...)
Cirque-Inspired TEMPSET Set for August 16-28 at Notre Dame
by BWW News Desk - Aug 1, 2016
William Shakespeare's The Tempest will be presented by the Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival (NDSF) August 16 through August 28. Directed by Cirque du Soleil's West Hyler, The Tempest will perform at Notre Dame's DeBartolo Performing Arts Center. (more...)
Full Cast Announced for Regent's Park Open Air Theatre's PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
by BWW News Desk - Aug 1, 2016
Ryan Molloy, Cassie Compton, Greg Oliver and Jack Donnelly Star in the World Premiere of 27
by BWW News Desk - Aug 1, 2016
Phillip James Brannon to Lead 'NAT TURNER', While David Wilson Barnes, Finn Wittrock & More Join NYTW's OTHELLO
by BWW News Desk - Aug 1, 2016
New York Theatre Workshop (NYTW) just announced full casting for the first two shows of the 2016/17 season, NAT TURNER IN JERUSALEM and OTHELLO. (more...)
Shakespeare's TWELFTH NIGHT to Play Tarpon Springs Performing Arts Center
by BWW News Desk - Aug 1, 2016
William Shakespeare's comedy 'Twelfth Night', directed by Dee O'Brien will play August 11, 12, 13 at 7:30 PM and August 14 at 2:00 PM at Tarpon Springs Performing Arts Center, 324 Pine Street (inside City Hall). (more...)


text:
My section of @crispych0colate's gravity falls map is done!
has this been done before?? x
A ton of appreciation goes to the combined efforts of @jinjojess, @gs-goldstarz and @taichinchin for providing us the translations for the HPA Student Council members in this post.
Now, I'm really curious as to which person is which. Thus after rewatching the first killing game for more despair, I noticed that the way the 'motivation' files are arranged here (from left to right)
is somewhat similar to how they are arranged here (or more specifically, how it goes from right to left, bottom to top)
I'm saying somewhat similar because from jinjojess' post, and from the 2 canonically named characters (Murasame and Kisaragi), we got the positions correct? Murasame is also the last from the gif, and that Kisaragi is 4th from the last as well.
So, from my guess, I would say they are arranged in the exact same way? Just my opinion though, since we really don't have anything set in stone besides Murasame's and Kisaragi's.
So if that were the case, it would be like this then:
(Idk I just put Isshiki there because extra space and he IS the bodyguard of the SC, plus wHERE THE HELL IS HE
And from there as well, I would assume that the way they are arranged is also related to their position in the student council.
Meaning, Kashiki would be in the lowest position while Murasame would obviously be the highest.
Though there isn't really any set rules as to what positions you can have in a student council (besides the important ones, like Pres, VP, Secretary, Auditor, Treasurer, etc)
But more of my other wild guesses are that both Someya and Ikuta are Vice Presidents (Internal and External), since we already have Kisaragi as the Secretary and Murasame as the President, and I don't think there's any other position in between those besides VPs. And maybe, Ichino and Kamiginu are the Escort and Muse (idk do you have those in Student Councils? Lol I honestly don't know and I think I remember my HS had them?). Also, I think the lowest position in the SC would be the representatives per year (or per class) but I don't think they (Kashiki, Nishizawa, and Kubou) are?
Anyways, this is just my two cents on the topic
and haha yes because I want to really know which is which so there is DISTINCTION between them
P.S. Kodaka pls tell us who they are. Youve given them character designs, dont let the character designers' efforts go to waste
I sense a disturbance, something sinister. It feels familiar.
wow i really love jumin's super secret ending in which jaehee comes to save you and jumin's house explodes??? :/// SO COOL~~
It's my last night in Spain so it's time to drink up all this cheap alcohol! Cheers everyone!!!
(kanye is always using the names of women he has annoyed to get a lil attention)
Guys is this real??? Can anyone confirm this?????????
gilmore girls meme
5 of 7 episodes | 5.07 you jump, i jump, jack
Prompt: Waht pRoMpT?
Rating: T+
A/N: I have not written a single thing for months…and this is the garbage that happened when I try to get back in the groove.
There wasn't much in the world that could set Natsu Dragneel off balance. Sure there were trains, cars, Erza, planes, boats, Gray's ugly mug, carnival rides, Erza's wrath, bad meat, earthquakes, Erza- okay, maybe there were a decent collection of things that could make him uncomfortably squirm.
Well, he could add one more thing to that pretty hefty list today and it wasn't something he ever expected to see in his life.
The Fantasia parade made the streets one big party, the hint of freshly baked pastries and other food in the warm air. Chalk covered the streets in fine, colorful dust, the kids getting particularly more talented with the purple and green striped dragons each year. The decorations were colorful, the people were excited, and the guild was busy trying to make the parade preparations.
Which was why he and a few other guys sneaked away to chow down at the 8-Island cafe while Erza was known to be on the other side of Magnolia. Everything was right with the world.
Then, Gray choked on his BLT and Natsu could feel the spiritual uplift in his chest until the gaping eyes of Gajeel called him to turn his head towards whatever discourse awaited.
Oh, what discourse looked like that.
Natsu instantly learned one more thing that could knock him off balance, his body tilting dangerously in the chair to get a good long look, eyes scanning the group of very familiar women walking up the street in their cheer practice attire.
There was Levy, Juvia, and Cana, casually walking and talking like normal…only with the tight crop tops and boy shorts. That explained why Gray and the others stilled, half chewed food dripping from their maws.
But Natsu had a whole other ball game going on, his attention fixated on the head of golden hair between Juvia and Cana. That hair was styled up in a messy bun, displaying her pink crop top and quite a lot of bare back before her own matching pair of boy shorts.
Lucy was a briefs kinda gal, it seemed. Holy Mavis did it make him feel funny all over just watching her walk, watching her hips sway with a glimmer of her keys always at her side.
"Bootylicious?" Gray squawked hoarsely, fingers clenched in the tablecloth and freezing the fabric solid as he stared at Juvia's backside, "Wha…H-How-?"
"All This And Brains Too?" Gajeel mumbled in interest, a small smirk gracing his lips, "It even has a bow, how about that?"
But Natsu was fixated on Lucy's ass-and the words printed on her shorts. 'Hot Stuff' in silver glitter and bold font, shaping against her like a second skin. It glittered as she took each step, her head turning to address the group with a bright smile that rivaled the sun itself.
'Hot Stuff' indeed, he was burning up from head to toe, fingers digging into the wood of his chair and singeing it. He leaned over a little farther, mouth ajar as the women wandered farther away, ignorant to the trail of gawking men.
"I have seen the afterlife-" Gray whispered, "-just a glimpse."
"I didn't think bows would work for the shrimp" Gajeel added. "But damn."
Natsu didn't speak, still staring even when the girls were almost out of sight. Staring, until Lucy turned her head back, locking her gaze on him specifically. His heart stalled when she bit her lip and then slyly sent a wink.
In the blink of an eye, she turned away to skip away, paying no mind to the chaos she ignited in his core. Perhaps it was a blessing though, because his fingers slipped and he toppled out of his chair.
At least face first into the floor saved his eyes the shame of the others laughing at him, allowing him to cool down and try not to remember Lucy's curves.
"Bunny girl's booty game must be hella strong-" Gajeel teased, "-to make Salamander konk out like that."
"I…never…want to speak of this again-" Gray breathed, glaring down his sandwich as if it had caused him a great personal offense.
Gray may never want to speak of it…but Natsu never wanted to forget.
"Cana, what shorts did you pick?" Levy asked, quickly shoving the scandalous attire in her bag like it was something illegal.
Cana chuckled proudly, pulling out her red shorts to swing around her index finger. "Oh, just something casual. It says, 'Are you nasty?'"
I wouldn't be the one being murdered :)
i was tagged by these lovely sunshines @minqyew @17vernsol @channosaurus-rex @dokyumswife @kookhao how can you all be so pretty and beautiful and aklsdjalksdald thank you for always blessing this potato > <
i don't really fancy tagging people in my selfies because i feel weird for making people look at my face lol unless they want me to ofc but as always i'm not gonna tag anyone~~
can we talk about mulder in fire? he's obviously been destroyed by phoebe in the past, yet falls into her trap pretty easily and then he's kissing her in the hotel lobby. (i'll gloss over scully's jealousy this whole episode, but it's there). anyway, mulder chickens on out saving the kids bc omg!fire and next thing you know he's in his boxers in bed with scully taking care of him. dude has no problem getting up barely clothed and talking to his partner, he only ties his robe to cover up when phoebe walks in. then, when phoebe says she's going back to england and leaves, scully picks up on his feelings immediately and asks if he's okay. he says yeah and sits down on the sofa, dejected with himself not because phoebe is leaving, but because he fell for her shit all over again. anyway, scully recognizes all of this and she's like "you at all interested in what i came all the way up here to show you?" and he smiles, genuinely grins, and says yeah in the cutest damn way because look at his little petite partner who isn't judging him and knows when to change the subject and is totally invested in his work, their work, and wow.
Woah. Last time I ran was two weeks ago and it definitely wasn't 86 degrees out. Killed it though! Two solid miles (once my watch finally got going) and then 40 minutes working on our yard picking up trash and pulling weeds. I haven't sweat like that in WAY. TOO. LONG. Gah it felt so good! Get outside, guys! Go for a walk! Something!
Ben Edwards: I'm opening the floor for you to heap the praise on Fernando…


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 16, 1998
|Filing date
|Jul 29, 1996
|Priority date
|Jul 29, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert S. DeLand, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Mag-Tek, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (38), Classifications (19), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to magnetic transducer systems, and in particular to dynamic magnetic transducer systems utilizing magnetoresistive technology to read digital data from magnetic media, for example data-bearing magnetic cards.
As is well known in the art, magnetoresistive material can be used to sense, or read, recorded information or data from a magnetic medium. Essentially, the electrical resistance of magnetoresistive material varies according to the intensity of an adjacent magnetic field. This property of the material can be detected by electronic circuitry. Contemporary magnetoresistive read head technology is centered on these principles.
Digital data can be written on a magnetic medium as a series of alternating magnetic polarity transitions or "poles." Just as a common permanent bar magnet has a "north" pole and a "south" pole, between which a magnetic field flares out, so appears digital data as recorded on a magnetic medium. Each side of a polarity transition on the magnetic medium may be considered a pole in a series of magnets laid end to end, with like poles abutting each other at the transitions.
The recorded magnetic medium, then, like a series of permanent magnets, exhibits a series of magnetic fields between opposing poles. These fields can be sensed by a traditional read head as the magnetic medium passes adjacent to the head. In the case of a magnetoresistive read head, the magnetic fields from the medium affect the resistance of the material and are sensed even without relative motion.
Like a traditional inductive head, a magnetoresistive head can be used to accurately recover information recorded on a magnetic medium in the form of a magnetic pattern, i.e. a sequence of magnetic polarity transitions. The two types of heads are usable in many of the same magnetic signal-reading applications. However, magnetoresistive read heads have the advantages that they offer the possibility that they can be made smaller, faster, and higher in resolution than traditional inductive heads.
Generally, in the operation of sensing a magnetic medium, an electrical current is applied through the magnetoresistive ("MR") head to create a varying output signal. As the magnetic field at the head varies, the electrical current is modulated by the changing resistance of the magnetoresistive material to provide a responsive signal. That is, the current through the MR head varies with respect to the magnetic field intercepted by the head.
In operation, to sense magnetic fields, an MR head circuit may consume a relatively substantial amount of power. For example, a typical MR head can require from five to seven milliamperes when operating at five volts. This characteristic is an obstacle to power conservation and miniaturization.
Because traditional inductive read heads generally do not consume significant power, MR heads raise a relative disadvantage with regard to power conservation. However, as discussed above, MR heads offer advantages in other areas, such as small size, high resolution, and high speed. Thus, a need exists for a transducer which would combine the advantageous attributes of an MR head, namely the improved size, speed, and resolution, with low-power capabilities comparable to those of a traditional inductive head. Such a transducer could provide improved performance in systems which must utilize less power, for example systems that are battery operated or highly miniaturized.
A dynamic magnetic transducing apparatus according to the present invention offers improved efficiency and reduced power consumption by enabling a magnetoresistive head to be driven intermittently. In a transducer system according to the present invention, a power source pulses the magnetoresistive head to produce an intermittent output signal, thereby decreasing the average power consumed in comparison to a comparable non-pulsed (steady-state) magnetoresistive transducer system.
Specifically, as disclosed herein, the power source may take the form of a pulse generator with a short duty cycle and a frequency significantly higher than any upper frequency of interest in the information to be sensed from the magnetic medium. Power pulses drive the MR head for short intervals, during which time samples are taken of the magnetic field presently adjacent to the head. A signal processor utilizes the samples from power pulses to reproduce the information recorded on the magnetic medium.
In this way, the average power requirements of the MR head are reduced somewhat proportionally to the duty cycle of the pulse generator. As long as the frequency of the pulse generator is significantly higher than the highest frequency of interest in the recorded magnetic pattern, after appropriate signal processing, the fidelity of the reproduced signal should be reasonable.
As indicated above, magnetoresistive heads generally do not require relative motion with a magnetic medium to provide an output signal. That is, an MR head does not involve an induced electrical signal, as results from motion of a conductor in a magnetic field. Consequently, in transducing a magnetic medium, the MR head generally is moved in relation to the magnetic field simply to scan the medium, but not necessarily to induce a signal.
In accordance with the present invention, then, by scanning the magnetic medium, a transducing system senses the information stored on the medium. Such recovered information may be utilized in any matter desired. For example, an apparatus according to the present invention can be configured in an automatic teller machine, including an enclosure accommodating a keypad and a display for interaction with a user. The present invention is equally well suited for use in a variety of other applications, such as identification terminals, credit card processing terminals, or any device required to read information from a card or other magnetic medium.
In the drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, an exemplary embodiment exhibiting various objectives and features hereof is set forth, specifically:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an interactive card processing terminal embodying a system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit and functional block diagram of the interactive terminal of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the relationships among various exemplary signals developed in the interactive terminal of FIG. 1.
As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, a dynamic magnetic transducing system in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, some of which may be quite different from those of the preferred embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative; yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, the exterior of an exemplary interactive card processing terminal embodying the present invention is shown. The terminal defines a card slot S, which is adapted to accept a card C bearing a magnetically encoded stripe 10. Such cards are variously used in identification or transaction-related applications. The stripe 10 carries at least one magnetic track recorded with digital information. For example, the stripe 10 can carry data representative of the card holder's identity, encrypted card authentication codes, bank account information, credit information, access keys, and other critical data.
The card processing terminal is housed in an enclosure E, which can contain a variety of electronic and/or mechanical components for operation in cooperation with the card C. For example, the enclosure E generally contains components to implement the functional blocks illustrated in FIG. 2. By way of illustration, the enclosure E also can contain a currency handling and dispensing apparatus, a receipt printer, a communications link adapted to connect the terminal to a central database, and various other items of support and optional equipment. In accordance with the disclosed embodiment, with insertion of the card C, various operations may be accomplished. For example, if the card is being properly used and data is appropriately entered through a keypad K as cued by a display D, cash may be dispensed through a passage P.
In the operation of the exemplary system, a user inserts the card C into the terminal via the slot S in the direction of an arrow 12. The card C is accepted into the interior of the enclosure E, and the terminal senses the digital data from the encoded stripe 10. The terminal may, by displaying messages to the user on the display D, cue the user to enter any desired information by using the keypad K. Such information can then be used by the terminal in conjunction with the digital data read from the stripe 10 to process a transaction. As indicated above, such a transaction can involve, for example, dispensing cash, allowing cash-free financial transactions, providing access to a secure area, or unlocking access to a database or computer system.
At the end of the transaction, the card C may be returned to the user through the slot S or retained within the enclosure E, as required by the particular transaction. It should be noted that numerous other types of transactions are possible; interactive terminals for performing such other transactions can be implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Referring generally to FIG. 2, as the card C (left, lower center) enters the slot S (FIG. 1), a card sensor 14 (FIG. 2), which can be electronic (e.g., optical or magnetic) or mechanical (e.g. a microswitch) detects the presence of the card C. The card sensor 14 passes an enabling signal to a controller and processor 16 (upper right), which in turn activates a card drive 18 (lower left).
The card drive 18 incorporates a mechanism for moving the card; that mechanism is symbolically represented by a single drive roller 20. The card drive 18 moves the card C through a path adjacent to a magnetoresistive ("MR") read head 22 for the purpose of scanning the information stored on the stripe 10.
As the card C moves in a stripe-scanning relationship with respect to the MR read head 22, the controller and processor 16 prompts the system to begin reading data from the card by activating a pulse generator 28, which is coupled through a resistor 26 to the MR read head 22. Accordingly, as the card C passes under the head 22, the pulse generator 28 applies a pulse train 30 (FIG. 3) having a relatively low duty cycle to the MR read head 22, thereby intermittently energizing the head.
As discussed above, the resistance of the MR read head 22 varies in response to the magnetic field the head 22 intercepts from the adjacent card stripe 10. Accordingly, the head 22 and the resistor 26 function as a voltage divider 23 to provide a varying voltage at a junction or terminal 31. This varying voltage serves as a data signal for further processing in accordance with the present invention.
Because of the relatively low duty cycle of the pulse train 30, the MR read head 22 passes electrical current for only part of the time. Thus, the average overall power consumption of the read head 22 is reduced to a level somewhat related to the duty cycle of the drive signal. For example, if a hypothetical MR head consumes 25 milliwatts of power (corresponding to five milliamperes at five volts) when power is applied full-time in a system similar to the disclosed embodiment, the same MR head utilized in a system according to the present invention could consume only approximately 2.5 milliwatts at a ten percent duty cycle.
The magnetic pattern recorded on the stripe 10 generally represents information manifested as a sequence of bits, wherein each bit is indicated by the presence or absence of a magnetic pole. This magnetic pattern can be sensed by scanning the read head 22 across the magnetic pattern, so that the individual bits pass sequentially adjacent to the head. For a given transducing system, the maximum speed at which the bits pass the MR head 22 can be considered the maximum bit rate of the magnetic pattern. However, since the information stored in the magnetic pattern can include abrupt magnetic polarity transitions, the useful frequency spectrum of such a magnetic pattern might not be restricted to the frequency of the magnetic pattern itself; it can have harmonics. Harmonics, which are relatively high-frequency signal components, tend to preserve the sharpness of the magnetic polarity transitions. Hence, in the presence of harmonics, the magnetic pattern also has an upper frequency of interest, which may be significantly higher than the maximum bit rate. As discussed in further detail below, the frequency of the pulse train 30 should be higher than at least the maximum bit rate (so that bits are not missed between power pulses) and is preferably higher than the upper frequency of interest.
Recapitulating to some extent, as the stripe 10 (FIG. 1) passes under the MR head 22 (FIG. 2), the varying resistance of the head 22 modulates the intermittent current resulting from the power pulses. Accordingly, power pulses by the generator 28 produce signals at the terminal 31, the amplitude of which reflect the resistance of the MR head 22, which in turn is related to the field experienced from the stripe 10.
Thus, as a result of the power drive pulses, the MR read head 22 generates an intermittent value signal 32 (FIG. 3). Representative of a data pulse, the signal 32 is shown as a positive-going half sine wave. The signal 32 is passed to a synchronized sample-and-hold circuit 34 (FIG. 2). The sample-and-hold circuit 34 may take a form as well known in the electronics art, and is managed by the controller and processor 16. For each pulse in the pulse train 30 (FIG. 3), the sample-and-hold circuit 34 holds the value signal 32 at a substantially constant level until the next power pulse is received. In this way, quantized analog samples are provided which are representative of the original recorded information.
It should be understood that the MR read head 22 and related circuitry may require some settling time after being activated by the pulse generator 28. If the intermittent signal 32 is to be digitally sampled, a short time delay should be inserted between the onset of a power pulse and the utilization of a sample by the sample-and-hold circuit 34. On the other hand, if an analog sample-and-hold circuit 34 is utilized, undesirable transients will largely be averaged out over the duration of a power pulse.
The quantized samples are passed by the sample-and-hold circuit 34 to a reconstruction filter 40. As is well known in the art, the reconstruction filter 40 can be a low-pass brick-wall filter of conventional analog or digital design, providing at its output a reconstructed signal 38 (FIG. 3) showing the half sine wave.
In the disclosed embodiment, the reconstruction filter 40 has a cutoff frequency between the upper frequency of interest in the magnetic pattern and the drive frequency of the pulse train 30. In one embodiment, the cutoff frequency of the reconstruction filter 40 is higher than the third harmonic frequency of the magnetic pattern and lower than half of the drive frequency of the pulse train 30. Consequently, in such an embodiment, the drive frequency of the pulse train 30 should be greater than or equal to eight times the maximum bit rate of the magnetic pattern. However, the precise frequency of the pulse train 30 is not critical with respect to variable factors such as the speed of the card C, as long as the relationships discussed above are observed. Thus, it may not be necessary to precisely synchronize the present system to the media speed, making it possible to utilize fixed frequencies for the pulse train 30 and the reconstruction filter 40. This could reduce the potential complexity and expense of a system according to the present invention.
However, it should be recognized that, while a fixed drive frequency and a fixed reconstruction filter cutoff frequency would reduce the complexity of the present invention, it may be advantageous for other reasons to provide a variable drive frequency, a variable duty cycle, and/or a dynamic reconstruction filter. As long as the relationships noted above are observed for lower and upper frequency bounds, an adaptive system might prove useful in various situations, including but not limited to: altering the power consumption dynamically according to observed characteristics; altering the drive frequency to reflect the media speed, data density, signal quality, or rate of change of the signal; and dynamically altering the filter characteristics to provide the best-quality reconstructed signal.
Emerging from the filter 40, the reconstructed signal is passed to an amplifier 42, which processes the signal for further use in the controller and processor 16. For example, the controller and processor 16 can decode the reconstructed signal 38 (pulse) into digital data, and on the basis of that data interact with a user via the display D and the keypad K (FIGS. 1 and 2). A card processing terminal according to the present invention can thus verify the identity of the user by accessing a database internal to the controller and processor 16 or at a central location via an external data link 44.
The signals developed at various stages of operation of an embodiment of the present invention are illustrated in FIG. 3. When the card C is present, the pulse train 30 is generated by the pulse generator 28 (FIG. 2) and applied to the voltage divider 23 comprising the fixed resistor 26 and the MR head 22. The intermittent value signal 32 (FIG. 3) then becomes available at the terminal 31 (FIG. 2). The intermittent value signal 32 is sampled and held by the sample-and-hold circuit 34 at each pulse in the pulse train 30, thereby providing a sequence of quantized analog samples (not shown). The quantized samples are further processed by the reconstruction filter 40, yielding the reconstructed signal 38 (FIG. 3) which approximates a flux change of the original magnetic pattern representative of digital data on the magnetic medium.
MR read heads can be relatively fast. With current technology, such heads are often capable of slew rates of up to 10 MHz. Moreover, MR heads typically are not adversely affected by the use of a pulsed power source; the output signal tends to settle relatively quickly. For example, it has been found to be possible to operate a system according to the present invention at approximately 1 MHz with a ten percent duty cycle. It is likely that even faster rates and better response will be available from MR heads in the future. However, in one embodiment, it has been determined that a relatively conservative system according to the present invention can operate at a pulse rate of approximately 100 kHz with a ten percent duty cycle, permitting a recorded signal of up to approximately 12.5 kHz to be read relatively clearly.
In the illustrative embodiment, the controller and processor 16, the pulse generator 28, the sample-and-hold circuit 34, the reconstruction filter 40, and the amplifier 42 are depicted as separate functional units. It should be understood, however, that some or all those functions can be performed by a single special-purpose or general purpose digital computer, such as a digital signal processor. In such a case, the sample-and-hold circuit should incorporate an analog-to-digital converter, so that the remainder of the signal processing can take place in the digital domain.
It should also be noted that a system according to the present invention is not limited to transducing data-bearing magnetic cards. Modifications to the disclosed system can easily be made to accommodate magnetic tape, disks, and other types of media.
In view of the above explanation of the exemplary system, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention may be employed in many different applications to facilitate transducing a magnetic medium. While certain exemplary structures and operations have been described herein, the appropriate scope hereof is deemed to be in accordance with the claims as set forth below.
|Cited Patent
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|Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag
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|Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co., Ltd.
|Read/write method by a non-contact system and between a storage substrate and read/write unit
|Mar 31, 1988
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of identifying magnetic ink (MICR) characters
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|Jan 17, 1989
|American Telephone And Telegraph Company
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|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Thin-film electromagnetic transducer
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|System for establishing production history
|Dec 18, 1989
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|L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Ministre Des Postes, Des Telecommunications Et De L'espace (Centre National D'etudes Des Telecommunications)
|System for remote information interchange between a portable object and a station
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|Oct 13, 1992
|Mars Incorporated
|Unshielded horizontal magnetoresistive head and method of fabricating same
|Mar 18, 1991
|Mar 8, 1994
|Atsutoshi Goto
|Magnetic bar code reading system employing phase-shift type sensor having plural sensing sections
|Mar 13, 1995
|Oct 8, 1996
|Voegeli; Otto
|Method of fabricating magnetoresistive transducer
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|Apr 14, 2000
|Aug 13, 2002
|Mag-Tek, Inc.
|Magnetic stripe card verification system
|Jun 3, 1999
|May 31, 2005
|Mag-Tek, Inc.
|Magnetic stripe authentication and verification system
|Dec 17, 2004
|May 1, 2007
|Morley Jr Robert E
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using an adaptive analog to digital converter
|Sep 7, 2004
|Dec 18, 2007
|Semtek Innovative Solutions, Inc.
|Secure magnetic stripe reader for handheld computing and method of using same
|Dec 17, 2004
|May 27, 2008
|Washington University In St. Louis
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using compressive amplification
|Dec 17, 2004
|Jan 20, 2009
|Magtek, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using a filter capable of isolating a remanent noise related signal component
|May 12, 2005
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|Semtek Innovative Solutions Corporation
|Transparently securing data for transmission on financial networks
|Dec 21, 2006
|Jun 2, 2009
|Semtek Innovative Solutions Corporation
|Method and apparatus for securing and authenticating encoded data and documents containing such data
|Mar 9, 2010
|Magtek, Inc.
|Card reader for use with web based transactions
|Aug 20, 2007
|May 25, 2010
|Semtek Innovative Solutions Corporation
|Method and apparatus for securing and authenticating encoded data and documents containing such data
|Jun 22, 2010
|Semtek Innovative Solutions Corporation
|Transparently securing transactional data
|Mar 27, 2012
|Clay Von Mueller
|System and method for authentication of data
|Aug 21, 2012
|Verifone, Inc.
|Transparently securing data for transmission on financial networks
|Aug 28, 2012
|Oberon Labs, LLC
|Token authentication using spatial characteristics
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|Jan 15, 2013
|Verifone, Inc.
|Metrics systems and methods for token transactions
|Nov 6, 2007
|May 21, 2013
|Magtek, Inc.
|Card authentication system
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|Nov 26, 2013
|Verifone, Inc.
|System and method for secure transaction
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|Jun 17, 2014
|Fifth Third Bank
|Currency recycler
|Oct 17, 2006
|Jul 1, 2014
|Verifone, Inc.
|Batch settlement transactions system and method
|Aug 16, 2007
|Sep 1, 2015
|Verifone, Inc.
|Pin block replacement
|Aug 15, 2007
|Sep 22, 2015
|Verifone, Inc.
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|Jun 9, 2009
|Jun 7, 2016
|Verifone, Inc.
|Variable-length cipher system and method
|Dec 17, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Morley Robert E.Jr.
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using a filter capable of isolating a remanent noise related signal component
|Dec 17, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Morley Robert E.Jr.
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using an adaptive analog to digital converter
|Nov 24, 2004
|Aug 11, 2005
|Deland Robert S.Jr.
|Magnetic stripe authentication and verification system
|Dec 17, 2004
|Oct 6, 2005
|Morley Robert E Jr
|Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using compressive amplification
|Sep 7, 2004
|Mar 9, 2006
|Clay Von Mueller
|Secure magnetic stripe reader for handheld computing and method of using same
|May 12, 2005
|Mar 9, 2006
|Clay Von Mueller
|Transparently securing data for transmission on financial networks
|Dec 21, 2006
|Jun 21, 2007
|Clay Von Mueller
|Method and apparatus for securing and authenticating encoded data and documents containing such data
|Aug 15, 2007
|Apr 17, 2008
|Hazel Patrick K
|Personal token read system and method
|Oct 17, 2006
|Apr 17, 2008
|Von Mueller Clay W
|Batch settlement transactions system and method
|Jan 25, 2008
|Jul 31, 2008
|Hart Annmarie D
|Card reader for use with web based transactions
|Aug 16, 2007
|Aug 7, 2008
|Clay Von Mueller
|Pin block replacement
|Nov 6, 2007
|Sep 4, 2008
|Hart Annmarie D
|Card authentication system
|May 18, 2007
|Nov 20, 2008
|Clay Von Mueller
|Pin encryption device security
|Dec 10, 2007
|Mar 5, 2009
|Clay Von Mueller
|System and method for updating a transactional device
|Apr 13, 2001
|Oct 25, 2001
|Mag-Tek, Inc.
|Magnetic stripe card verification system
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|Mag Tek Inc
|Magnetic stripe card verification system
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 29, 1996
Owner name: MAG-TEK, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DELAND, ROBERT S., JR.;REEL/FRAME:008074/0933
Effective date: 19960724
|Jan 9, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 14, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 14, 2002
|Surcharge for late payment
|Nov 30, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 26, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Steel Sqwire Products To Be Published By Paizo Under License
Award-winning products to be released under GameMastery™ brand
Paizo Publishing, LLC®, publisher of the officially licensed Dungeons & Dragons® gaming magazines Dragon® and Dungeon®, and the premiere e-commerce site for all things gaming, announced today that it has finalized a contract with Steel Sqwire, LLC, creators of the award-winning Flip-Mat and Spell Template RPG gaming accessories, to acquire by license their line of products. All Steel Sqwire products will now be published by Paizo as part of their GameMastery™ line of RPG accessories, joining Item Cards, Map Packs, and Compleat Encounters.
"We have had a close relationship with Jeff and Stephanie from Steel Sqwire, so when Jeff approached me about taking over the business side of his game accessory line, it seemed like a no-brainer," said Lisa Stevens, co-owner and CEO of Paizo Publishing. "Our new relationship will give Jeff more time to invent and develop cool new gaming accessories, while Paizo can take the products to a larger customer base."
Starting immediately, all sales of Steel Sqwire products will be handled by Paizo Publishing. Distributors interested in the Steel Sqwire products should contact Paizo Sales Manager Phil Lacefield Jr. at 425-289-1344. New Steel Sqwire products will be produced by Paizo starting in 2007.
"Paizo.com was one of the first retailers to carry our products. Their experience and expertise in the industry encouraged us to keep inventing. It's a relationship we value and trust to partner with us and continue producing the highest quality gaming accessories." said Jeff Petersen, President of Steel Sqwire. "It's going to be an exciting adventure! I am not quitting Steel Sqwire—I am focusing on what I do best."
Paizo Publishing, LLC, publishes special interest magazines and gaming products in the field of hobby gaming. Paizo also operates a full-line Internet game retail store at paizo.com. It is Paizo's goal for every magazine and every product to be an event that encourages new and experienced hobbyists and fans to become more excited about their interests.
Steel Sqwire, LLC was founded in July 2004 by designer, innovator and entrepreneur Jeff Petersen. Steel Sqwire's initial product, the wire Spell Template, was developed based on the need to provide players with a faster and cleaner playing environment. Their Flip Mat, released in 2005, won the 2006 ENnie award for Best Aid or Accessory.
Paizo Publishing, LLC and the Paizo logo are registered trademarks of Paizo Publishing, LLC. GameMastery is a trademark of Paizo Publishing, LLC. Dragon, Dungeon, and Dungeons & Dragons are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast, Inc. in the USA and other countries, and are used with permission.
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