text:
Yo wassup everybody. Another Tuesday, another Lyrictionary! As mentioned Gabbles is out for a while, so I
peep all the lyrics here:
The Genius forums are a place where everyone should feel comfortable to contribute knowledge and take
Q really went all out on this.
Goddamn the production is amazing, he's got straight bars as well, his
Songs likes these, or anything with powerful delivery , loud bass and guitar preferable
Name some projects you don't think others heard of. You or someone else just may find another artist to
guy: j cole is bad
J cole stan: j cole isnt bad. he went double platinum with no features
guy: desiigner
Results so far in 2nd Round:
Pharoahe Monch 17-2 Royce Da 5'9
Ice Cube 12-13 Jay-Z
Del the Funky
● Dre's best song in my opinion.
● Greatest beat, everything.
● One of my most played rap songs.
● Dre
nice, moody, "lyrical" stuff here, the type of stuff i thought yall liked?
some highlights:
New song Noisey just uploaded, songs good imo
not actually the title, just his comparison
Yeezus is considered by many to be a very controversial album. Several fans felt
I did a cypher a few weeks ago in my city of Toronto. This is only my part, about a minute long. If you
I needed to make an account just to point this out but look
Teleprompters all over the stage. If he can't remember his lyrics does he even write them himself?
You kids talk shit about Eminem, Drake, Jay Z and the other legends but they have never performed live with teleprompters lining the stage with lyrics like they are playing drunken karaoke. You can see him looking down a lot throughout this performance.
You could tell Hova was a bit disgusted to be on stage with him and his teleprompters
what a shame .smh
That Nas performance was a lot better than most Nas performances in the past. If the teleprompters did the trick, then I wish he had gone to teleprompters earlier in his career.
Yea I have no idea why ppl dick ryde a old has-been so hard, its time to move on, I personally someone like Cudi shits on nas
this is kinda weird but it doesnt mean he doesnt write them
If he can't remember his lyrics does he even write them himself?
You could tell Hova was a bit disgusted to be on stage with him and his teleprompters
If he can't remember his lyrics does he even write them himself?
gtfoh you troll.
On every single picture you posted he isn't looking directly at the teleprompter.
You gonna sue the guy if he doesn't remember all of his complex lyrics after all of this time?
How does what you stated lead you to believe he didn't write any of his lyrics, and Jay seemed pretty happy to share the stage with Nas.
srs. gtfoh.
Yeah when I watched the performance, there was only 1 song where I could visually tell that he was going to the teleprompter.
I like the part where he's looking at the teleprompter in the pictures.
Still better than the Outkast performance. My friend went and said Nas killed it whereas Outkast just killed everyone's vibe.
Its a video of Jay forgetting his lines. KanYe forgot his lines plenty of times.
Cut him some slack. He aint God. Lets bring reality into rap performance right now
Its not easy to be on stage in front of all those people and its hot as fuck up there. They taking pics of you, making funny faces people are crying because you are an icon to them. Then you have people saying your lines back at you as you rap. Its human nature for you to stop talking if the person you talking to saying words in the middle of your sentence. Its so easy to get caught in the moment.
It's not like the teleprompter was in the way of anything. As long as you're not staring through it on some Ron Burgundy shit, what's wrong with having a prompter?
This man preformed like 12 songs. Songs like One Mic, Made You Look, Life's A Bitch, Memory Lane, The World is Yours, etc. I'm pretty sure I'd forget the lyrics and need a teleprompter, too.
Dude made hundreds of records and wrote thousands…
He's only human dawg.
Also, Coachella isn't just a plain old concert, it's at a very large scale. No room for mistakes there buddy.
he did a full album that he wrote 20 years ago bitch recite to me your 2nd grade essays you dont remember that shit
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text:
Outfit Details:
Top: Mandee | Maxi Dress (old): Wet Seal | Sandals: Charlotte Russe | Bag: Forever21
Have you ever had an old item in your kloset you just didn't know why you still had it but couldn't part ways with it? Well, that's the case for this maxi dress and me. I've had this maxi dress for a very long time and knew I should of parted ways with it a long time ago. I haven't worn it in a while but I love the mustard color so much, I just didn't want to part ways with it. I got a little creative with it and gave it a little twist. Get creative and find different ways to reuse old pieces so you can get more out of your wardrobe.
Since the maxi dress is strapless it was very easy to convert it into a maxi skirt. I just folded down the top part to my mid section and added a top over it. This grey lace up tank was a perfect contrast against the vibrant mustard hue. To create some dimension to my waist I added a skinny belt and just tied it around. A large belt would also work well.
Shop this look:
Happy Monday!
Cheers to a new week, lets make it a productive one.
Patty's Kloset

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Town & Country Dental Studio
50 - 99
5 - 10 Million
SIC Code:
8021 - Offices and Clinics of Dentists
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Additional Info:
This member of the Hospitals/clinics industry is located in Freeport, NY and you can find important contact information regarding significant company contacts on their Lead411 profile like linkedin, phone numbers, facebook and cfo details. The profile also contains Town & Country Dental Studio email addresses which have a domain of @tncdental.com format. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Background:
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Similar Companies:
Eastern Niagara Hospital
Eastern Niagara Hospital, is in the Hospitals/clinics industry. Their main office can be found in Lockport, NY, and they can be contacted through Eastern Niagara Hospital email using the domain @enhs.org format, some important contact information like linkedin data, phone numbers, contacts for cfos, etc of which can be found on their Lead411 profile. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
Staten Island University Hospital
Looking for company data regarding Staten Island University Hospital's CEO or CFO? Staten Island University Hospital is part of the Hospitals/clinics field and are located in the area of New York, NY. Some of the helpful data that can be found on their Lead411 profile include Staten Island University Hospital email addresses marked by the domain format @siuh.edu. Other contact information could contain cfo names, phone numbers, linkedin profiles, corporate contacts, and facebook profiles. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Adirondack Medical Center
Want to know how to get in touch with them? Lead411 has the email addresses of Adirondack Medical Center's top officials for the company domain @amccares.org format. Adirondack Medical Center is a Hospitals/clinics company centred in Saranac Lake, NY and our profiles could include more contact information like cfo people, linkedin contacts, phone numbers and facebook pages. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Directory > Town & Country Dental Studio


text:
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Dotnet IL Editor
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text:
Gorilla Zoe Premieres "Lost" Video, Album Set for March 17th Release
Posted 7 years ago by richard
Tags: Gorilla Zoe,
Atlanta, GA -- "Lost," the Lil Wayne-featuring lead single off Gorilla Zoe's forthcoming Don't Feed the Animals, impressed many DJBooth readers when we featured it back in July. Now, the introspective hit has received a video accompaniment. In the video, Zoe puts his acting skills to the test, dramatizing his struggle to maintain mental stability as he goes about the activities of a normal night
Don't Feed the Animals, Zoe's sophomore EP, will be available in stores and online on March 17, '09.
Lost by Gorilla Zoe - Gorilla Zoe
Don't Feed the Animals, Zoe's sophomore EP, will be available in stores and online on March 17, '09.
Lost by Gorilla Zoe - Gorilla Zoe
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The ratings for "Blond" are huge, but can we fully digest Ocean's latest work in less than a week? Read More
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The Massachusetts-bred emcee delivers one of the most gripping music videos of the year. Read More
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Sample Text - Sample Link


text:
List all words ending with sestina
Only the word sestina was found, nothing longer.
Some random words: wyandotte ukulele do ukase gweduc harumph gieing
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
- Help and FAQ - Examples - Home
Privacy and Cookies Policy - Share - © Copyright 2004-2016 Morewords.com - 65.680mS


text: Christina Aguilera – Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas By Staff December 7, 2010 4:21 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Filed Under: Christina aguilera | christmas Category: Buffalo Stuff Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Mix 96 Buffalo This New York Tree House Retreat Is Straight Out of a Children's Storybook Gene Wilder, Legendary Actor and 'Willy Wonka' Star, Dead at 83 Tony P Says Goodbye to His Erie County Fair Home Drake Sends a Message to Binghamton Area Little League Team — And It Works [VIDEO] Recommended For You ZergNet Best of the Web ZergNet


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is optional but will seriously increase your chances of your profile being viewed by interested members. Let people know a bit about yourself, your hobbies and upload some good photos of yourself.
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Located someone who interests you? Send a letter to them or just a wink and see if they're interested. With a little luck you'll be on your way to finding your perfect date.
It's really quick


text:
Hospitals in BESSEMER AL
News and Links for Hospital Bessemer Al
uab hospital - Birmingham, AL - AL.com Find uab hospital local business listings in and near Birmingham, AL. Get uab hospital business addresses, phone numbers, driving directions, maps, reviews and more. [http://businessfinder.al.com/AL-Birmingham?s=uab%20hospital]
Medical West - Bessemer, AL - Hospital Ratings Medical West in Bessemer, AL - Get directions, phone number, research physicians, and compare hospital ratings for Medical West on Healthgrades. [http://www.healthgrades.com/hospital-directory/alabama-al/medical-west-hgstccaa7b36010114]
Uab Hospital Jobs, Employment in Birmingham, AL | Indeed.com 395 Uab Hospital Jobs available in Birmingham, AL on Indeed.com. one search. all jobs. [http://www.indeed.com/q-Uab-Hospital-l-Birmingham,-AL-jobs.html]
[CaRP] Failed to open file: /var/www/carp/autocache/60fb3c10e622c692a107852644758dc7
[CaRP] Can't open remote newsfeed.
Funeral Homes in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Hospitals in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Nursing Homes in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Public Schools in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Private Schools in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Colleges in BESSEMER ALABAMA
Nearby CitiesDistance from BESSEMER AL to HUEYTOWN AL: 4.2 miles NW
Distance from BESSEMER AL to FAIRFIELD AL: 6.3 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to HOOVER AL: 8.3 miles E
Distance from BESSEMER AL to HOMEWOOD AL: 10.1 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to BIRMINGHAM AL: 12.0 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to ALABASTER AL: 13.5 miles SE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to MOUNTAIN BROOK AL: 13.5 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to FULTONDALE AL: 16.8 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to IRONDALE AL: 17.1 miles NE
Distance from BESSEMER AL to GARDENDALE AL: 19.6 miles NE
Copyright © All rights reserved


text:
Want Free Shipping Every Day? Learn How.
Preview scale: 21.0 x 18.0 inches. Show Rulers

Change DPI Base size is 150
Collection: Leaves
Born and raised in Portugal, but have lived and worked in the US all my adult life. My inspiration comes from everything around me, especially nature. I'm just starting designing for fabric and finding it a very fun challenge.
Visit this designer's shop
Art by Marta Harvey. These leaves' continuous pattern was created manually and then digitized. They were then placed over a background of watercolors created on rice paper.
The watercolor background without the leaves is also available as well as other colors of this design.
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green (26172),
leaves (12219),
leaf (5502),
olive (1045),
watercolors (488),
continuous (54)
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text:
|Pretty tail is pretty :3
|Pretty tail is pretty :3
HIIIII! I'm Mizuki! You may know me as Pokegirl, niaisd, tycoonchic12, KBluver12, and even luvseal. Mizuki is my internet identity, given to me by my friend, Ryoko~chan! Oh, and this is my Serperior, Thorn!
Thorn-"Bow down to me. I am a fabulous level 101, gravity defying, freeze-shocking starter Pokemon. Deal with it fishes"
So yup, I draw write.... ooh check out my pokemon fanfics @ www.fanfiction.net/u/4378113/P…
Oh, and I sign some of my pics as 'Mina Porto' cuz that's my pen name(its a combo of all my friends' first and last initials)
I will happily do most any request, as long as it isn't like... crazy inappropriate; I have done commissions before, but only a few, but if you want one don't be afraid to ask!
Thorn the Best Serperior anyone could want
I am part of Cresselia's Kin ^.^
|I want to commission the lovely Potato-kun, and she takes point commishes, and I just wanna be able to buy one from her :'3 Anybody donating will be thanked profusely and I will even draw something small for anyone who donates 10 points or more!


text:
Carriage Cove
trailer park in Sanford, Florida
500 Carriage Cove Way
Sanford, FL 32773
View on Map
Mobile Home Park Information
|Property ID:
Mobile Homes and Lots available at Carriage Cove
2016 Champion
Carriage Cove, Sanford, Florida
This beautiful 2016 3 bedroom 2 bath home sits tranquilly on the communities catch and release pond. The patio off the back of the home prov...
New Home
2006 Ftwd
Carriage Cove, Sanford, Florida
This home has 4 bedroom and 2 baths, perfect for those of us who need a little extra space. This home boasts an island kitchen, tube lightin...


text:
ATI driver keps crashing
Last response: in Graphics Cards
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text: We stopped here for lunch on our way out of town and had a terrific meal!! The chopped salad was huge and fresh and full of so many wonderful flavors! The ranch dressing I ordered to go with it was home made tasting and delicious!! I ate half of this salad and took the rest with me for later, and... More


text:
Jaguar XF Workshop Manuals
If you have to do fixes on your own Jaguar XF then it is always a good plan to own a Workshop Manual to keep just for reference should you need to know ways to strip off a particular part much like the Brake Discs and match it again appropriately.
Jaguar XF Workshop Manuals offers clear certain diagnostic details on your vehicle therefore if something is faulty it helps you determine what the situation is and tips to correct it. Then you are able to analyse if this can be achieved by yourself or if the job is just too big you are able to make a booking for your XF in with a trusted friendly mechanic.
2012 Jaguar XF Owner Manual
Sale Price: $110.95
Used From: $104.99
2011 Jaguar XF Owner Manual
Sale Price: $110.95
Jaguar XF Owners Manual
Used From: $29.95
2008 Jaguar XF Owners Manual
Used From: $59.99
2012 Jaguar XF Owners Manual
Used From: $174.99
2007 2008 Jaguar XF Sales Brochure
Used From: $12.95


text:
Category:1842 in New York City
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
English: 1842 in New York City
Svenska: 1842 i New York City
This category has only the following subcategory.
- ► Built in New York City in 1842 (6 C, 4 F)
Media in category "1842 in New York City"
The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total.
- Long Island 1842.jpg 212 KB


text:
We loved this deal too, but it's no longer available. Check out our other cool deals here.
$15 for a Personalised Swimming Bag in One of 12 Options incl. Nationwide Delivery
1 of your friends
already grabbed this deal:
Discuss this DealJoin the discussion
- Avoid poolside mix-ups with today's deal.
- Grab a personalised swimming bag from Pro-Embco for only $15.
- Choose from 12 different colours.
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There's nothing worse than mixing up your swimming bag with somebody else's. You arrive at home and open the imposter to realise that your Buzzy Bee towel isn't there. Instead of seeing the loving eyes of New Zealand's favourite insect, what you find is a soggy speedo scrunched up at the bottom, slowly humidifying the interior of the bag. Avoid poolside mix-ups by grabbing a personalised swimming bag from Pro-Embco for only $15.
- 210D polyester - for a better print finish
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- Reinforced eyelets at base
- Size: 39cm (width) x 49cm (height)
- Capacity: 2 litres
(027) 245 6165
Business in trade
ConditionsValid from Nov 9, 2012
Expires Nov 18, 2012
Redeem through website: http://www.proembco.co.nz/grabone.php - allow 3 weeks for delivery. No cash back, no refunds. Not to be used with any other option.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 2001
|Filing date
|Dec 6, 1996
|Priority date
|Jun 20, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert C. U. Yu, William W. Limburg, Merlin E. Scharfe, David H. Pan, Dale S. Renfer, Richard L. Schank, Surendar Jeyadev
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (26), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (45), Classifications (21), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/492,529, filed Jun. 20, 1995, now abandoned.
This invention relates in general to electrophotography and in particular, to electrophotoconductive imaging members having crack-resistant multiple layers.
In electrophotography utilizing a liquid development system, an electrophotographic plate, drum, belt or the like (imaging member) containing a photoconductive insulating layer on a conductive layer is imaged by first uniformly electrostatically charging its surface. The imaging member is exposed to a pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light. The radiation selectively dissipates the charge on the illuminated areas of the photoconductive insulating layer while leaving behind an electrostatic latent image on the non-illuminated areas. The electrostatic latent image is developed to form a visible image by applying an electrically charged liquid toner. The resulting visible image is transferred from the imaging member directly or indirectly to a support such as paper. The liquid toner can contain various types of colorant and dye attached to a resin dispersed in an insulating liquid carrier.
Higher speed electrophotographic copiers, duplicators and printers place stringent requirements on photoreceptors. The numerous layers found in many modern photoconductive imaging member belts must be highly flexible, adhere well to adjacent layers, and exhibit predictable electrical characteristics within narrow operating limits to provide excellent toner images over many thousands of cycles.
Long service life is required in an imaging member. Compact imaging machines employ small diameter photoreceptor belt system support rollers. Small diameter support rollers are desirable for simple, reliable copy paper stripping systems that utilize beam strength of copy paper to automatically remove copy paper sheets from the surface of a photoreceptor belt after toner image transfer. Small diameter rollers, e.g. less than about 0.75 inch (19 mm) diameter, raise the threshold of mechanical performance criteria of photoreceptors to a high level. Spontaneous photoreceptor belt material failure becomes a frequent event.
One type of multilayered photoreceptor that has been employed as a belt in electrophotographic imaging systems comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a charge blocking layer a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer may comprise an electrically active small molecule dispersed or dissolved in an electrically inactive polymeric film forming binder. The expression "electrically active" means that the material is capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated charge carriers from the material in the charge generating layer and is capable of allowing the transport of these charge carriers through the electrically active layer to discharge a surface charge on the active layer.
The multilayered type of photoreceptor may also comprise additional layers such as an anti-curl backing layer, an adhesive layer and an overcoating layer.
Photoreceptors may suffer from cracking, crazing, crystallization of active compounds, phase separation of activating compounds and extraction of activating compounds by organic carrier fluid such as isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, e.g. Isopar�, that are commonly employed in an electrophotographic imaging system using liquid developer inks. The effects of carrier fluid can markedly degrade mechanical integrity and electrical properties of the photoreceptor. The organic carrier fluid tends to leach out activating small molecules typically used in the charge transport layers. The leaching process results in crystallization of the activating small molecules, such as arylamine compounds, onto the photoreceptor surface with subsequent migration of arylamines into the liquid developer ink. In addition, the carrier fluid can induce the formation of cracks and crazes in photoreceptor surface. These effects lead to copy defects and shortened photoreceptor life. Degradation of the photoreceptor manifests itself as increased printing defects prior to complete physical photoreceptor failure. Leaching out of the activating small molecule can increase susceptibility of the transport layer to solvent/stress induced cracking when the belt is parked over belt support rollers or when the belt is subjected to dynamic fatigue flexing during imaging process. Cracks developing in charge transport layers during cycling can be manifested as print-out defects adversely affecting copy quality. Furthermore, cracks in the photoreceptor pick up toner particles that cannot be removed in a cleaning step. The particles can subsequently be transferred and deposited onto a receiving member to cause increased background defects on prints. Crack areas are subject to delamination when contacted with blade cleaning devices thus limiting electrophotographic product design. Some carrier fluids promote phase separation of the activating small molecules, particularly when high concentrations of the arylamine compounds are present in a transport layer binder. Phase separation can adversely alter electrical and mechanical properties of a photoreceptor.
Flexing is normally not encountered with rigid, multilayered photoreceptor drum configurations that utilize charge transport layers containing activating small molecules dispersed or dissolved in a polymeric film forming binder. Nonetheless, electrical degradation can be encountered during development with liquid developers. Degradation of these photoreceptors by liquid developers can occur in less than eight hours of use to render a photoreceptor unsuitable for even low quality xerographic imaging purposes.
Photoreceptors having charge transport layers containing charge transporting arylamine polymers are described in the patent literature. These polymers include the products of a reaction involving a dihydroxy arylamine reactant and are described for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,806,443, 4,806,444, 4,801,517, 5,030,532 and 4,818,650, the entire disclosures of these patents being incorporated herein by reference. Although arylamine transporting polymers overcome many of the problem of binder/small molecule systems, they may not meet all of the functional requirements of some sophisticated electrophotographic systems. Specifically arylamine transporting polymers exposed to hydrocarbon ink vehicles can exhibit dynamic fatigue cracking when cycled around narrow diameter rollers. In addition, thermal contraction mismatch can occur during photoreceptor fabrication resulting in a photoreceptor possessing a curl. When forced flat either mechanically or by the application of an opposite curling back coating, stress is applied to the transport layer. This can aggrevate the cracking problem.
In summary, organic based photoreceptors, even those using polymeric arylamine transport materials, can suffer from dynamic fatigue cracking, especially when the photoreceptor is in the form of a belt cycling over small diameter rollers while in contact with an hydrocarbon ink vehicle.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic imaging member with improved resistance to bending induced dynamic fatigue cracking and curling. The charge transport layer of the electrophotographic imaging member of the invention comprises an active charge transporting polymer of a tetraaryl-substituted biphenyidiamine and a plasticizer.
The accompanying FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a multilayer photoreceptor device of the invention.
A representative structure of an electrophotographic imaging member of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The imaging member includes a supporting substrate 1, an electrically conductive, ground plane 2, a charge blocking layer 3, an adhesive layer 4, a charge generating layer 5, and a charge transport layer 6. A ground strip 7 can be provided adjacent the charge transport layer at an outer edge of the imaging member. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,995. The ground strip 7 is coated adjacent to the charge transport layer so as to provide grounding contact with a grounding device (not shown) during electrophotographic imaging processes. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a flexible photoreceptor belt. The invention relates to imaging members in other configurations such as in the configuration of a drum.
A description of the layers of the electrophotographic imaging member shown in FIG. 1 follows.
The Supporting Substrate
The supporting substrate 1 may be opaque or substantially transparent and may comprise numerous suitable materials having the required mechanical properties. The substrate may further be provided with an electrically conductive surface (ground plane 3). Accordingly, the substrate may comprise a layer of an electrically non-conductive or conductive material such as an inorganic or an organic composition. As electrically non-conducting materials, there may be employed various resins known for this purpose including polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, and the like. For a belt-type imaging member, the electrically insulating or conductive substrate should be flexible and may have any number of different configurations such as, for example, a sheet, a scroll, an endless flexible belt, and the like. Preferably, the substrate is in the form of an endless flexible belt and comprises a commercially available biaxially oriented polyester known as MYLAR, available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., or Melinex available from ICI Americas Inc.
The preferred thickness of the substrate layer depends on numerous factors, including economic considerations. The thickness of this layer may range from about 65 micrometers to about 150 micrometers, and preferably from about 75 micrometers to about 125 micrometers for optimum flexibility and minimum induced surface bending stress when cycled around small diameter rollers, e.g., 19 millimeter diameter rollers. The substrate 1 for a flexible belt may be of substantial thickness, for example, 200 micrometers, or of minimum thickness, for example 50 micrometers, provided there are no adverse effects on the final photoconductive device. The surface of the substrate layer is preferably cleaned prior to coating to promote greater adhesion of the adjacent layer. Cleaning may be effected by exposing the surface of the substrate layer to plasma discharge, ion bombardment and the like.
The Electrically Conductive Ground Plane
The electrically conductive ground plane 2 (if needed) may be an electrically conductive layer such as a metal layer which may be formed, for example, on the substrate 1 by any suitable coating technique, such as a vacuum depositing technique. Typical metals for a metal layer include aluminum, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, hafnium, titanium, nickel, stainless steel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and the like, and mixtures and alloys thereof. The conductive layer may vary in thickness over substantially wide ranges depending on the optical transparency and flexibility desired for the electrophotoconductive member. Accordingly, for a flexible photoresponsive imaging device, the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably between about 20 Angstroms to about 750 Angstroms, and more preferably from about 50 Angstroms to about 200 Angstroms for an optimum combination of electrical conductivity, flexibility and light transmission. The conductive ground plane 3 may be omitted if a conductive substrate is used.
The Charge Blocking Layer
After deposition of any electrically conductive ground plane layer 3, the charge blocking layer 3 may be applied. Electron blocking layers for positively charged photoreceptors allow holes from the imaging surface of the photoreceptor to migrate toward the conductive layer. For negatively charged photoreceptors, any suitable hole blocking layer capable of forming a barrier to prevent hole injection from the conductive layer to the opposite photoconductive layer may be utilized.
The charge blocking layer 3 may include polymers such as polyvinylbutyral, epoxy resins, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyamides, polyurethanes and the like; nitrogen-containing siloxanes or nitrogen-containing titanium compounds such as trimethoxysilyl propyl ethylene diamine, N-beta-(aminoethyl) gamma-amino-propyl trimethoxy silane, isopropyl 4-aminobenzene sulfonyl titanate, di(dodecylbenzene sulfonyl) titanate, isopropyl di(4-aminobenzoyl)isostearoyl titanate, isopropyl tri(N-ethylaminoethylamino) titanate, isopropyl trianthranil titanate, isopropyl tri(N,N- dimethyl-ethylamino) titanate, titanium-4-amino benzene sulfonate oxyacetate, titanium 4-aminobenzoate isostearate oxyacetate, [H2N(CH2)4]CH3Si(OCH3)2 (gamma-aminobutyl methyl dimethoxy silane), [H2 N(CH2)3]CH3Si(OCH3)2 (gamma-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane), and [H2N(CH2)3]Si(OCH3)3 (gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,338,387, 4,286,033 and 4,291,110. A preferred hole blocking layer comprises a reaction product of a hydrolyzed silane or mixture of hydrolyzed silanes and the oxidized surface of a metal ground plane layer. The oxidized surface inherently forms on the outer surface of most metal ground plane layers when exposed to air after deposition. This combination enhances electrical stability at low relative humidity.
The charge blocking layer 3 should be continuous and have a thickness of less than about 0.5 micrometer because greater thicknesses may lead to undesirable high residual voltage. A blocking layer 4 of between about 0.005 micrometer and about 0.3 micrometer is satisfactory because charge neutralization after the exposure step is facilitated and good electrical performance is achieved. A thickness between about 0.03 micrometer and about 0.06 micrometer is preferred for blocking layers for optimum electrical behavior.
The charge blocking layer 3 may be applied by any suitable technique such as spraying, dip coating, draw bar coating, gravure coating, silk screening, air knife coating, reverse roll coating, vacuum deposition, chemical treatment and the like. For convenience in obtaining thin layers, the charge blocking layer 4 is preferably applied in the form of a dilute solution, with the solvent being removed after deposition of the coating by conventional techniques such as by vacuum, heating and the like. Generally, a weight ratio of blocking layer material and solvent of between about 0.5:100 to about 5.0:100 is satisfactory for spray coating.
The Adhesive Layer
An intermediate layer 4 between the blocking layer and the charge generating or photogenerating layer may be provided to promote adhesion. Preferably, the adhesive layer 5 is characterized by a dry thickness between about 0.01 micrometer to about 0.3 micrometer, more preferably about 0.05 to about 0.2 micrometer.
The adhesive layer may comprise any known adhesive for layers of an electrophotographic imaging member.
The Charge Generating Layer
Examples of photogenerating materials for the photogenerating layer 5 include inorganic photoconductive particles such as amorphous selenium, trigonal selenium, and selenium alloys selected from the group consisting of selenium-tellurium, selenium-tellurium-arsenic, selenium arsenide and mixtures thereof, and organic photoconductive particles including various phthalocyanine pigments such as the X-form of metal-free phthalocyanine described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,357,989; metal phthalocyanines such as vanadyl phthalocyanine, hydroxy gallium phthalocyanine, and copper phthalocyanine; dibromoanthanthrone; squarylium; quinacridones such as those available from du Pont under the tradename MONASTRAL RED, MONASTRAL VIOLET and MONASTRAL RED Y; dibromo anthanthrone pigments such as those available under the trade names VAT ORANGE 1 and VAT ORANGE 3; benzimidazole perylene; substituted 2,4-diamino-triazines such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,781; polynuclear aromatic quinones such as those available from Allied Chemical Corporation under the tradenames INDOFAST DOUBLE SCARLET, INDOFAST VIOLET LAKE B, INDOFAST BRILLIANT SCARLET and INDOFAST ORANGE; and the like. Other suitable photogenerating materials known in the art may also be utilized, if desired.
Charge generating layers comprising a polymer binder and a photoconductive pigment such as vanadyl phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine, benzimidazole perylene, amorphous selenium, trigonal selenium, selenium alloys such as selenium-tellurium, selenium-tellurium-arsenic, selenium arsenide, and the like and mixtures thereof are especially preferred because of their sensitivity to white light. Particularly preferred are the perylene pigments disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,189. Vanadyl phthalocyanine, hydroxy gallium phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine, and tellurium alloys are also preferred because these materials provide the additional benefit of being sensitive to infrared light.
Any suitable film-forming binder material may be employed as the polymer matrix in the photogenerating layer 5. Typical polymeric film-forming materials include those described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,006. Suitable materials include polycarbonates, polyarylates, polyacrylates, polysulfones, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylbutyral, polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, styrene-butadiene copolymers and the like.
The photogenerating composition or pigment may be present in the resinous binder in various amounts. Generally, from 5 to about 90 percent by volume of the photogenerating pigment is dispersed in about 95 to 10 percent by volume of the resinous binder. Preferably from about 20 percent by volume to about 30 percent by volume of the photogenerating pigment is dispersed in about 80 percent by volume to about 70 percent by volume of the resinous binder composition. However, certain charge generating pigments are preferably present in the layer in much higher percentages, from greater than 20 percent by volume to between 50 percent and 90 percent by volume. Consequently, with such compositions, the proportion of binder in the charge generating layer is substantially reduced compared to typical photogenerating components. Charge generating pigments which are preferably present in higher concentrations include phthalocyanines and benzimidazole perylenes. The phthalocyanines include vanadyl phthalocyanine, hydroxy gallium phthalocyanine, and metal-free phthalocyanine.
Any suitable and conventional technique may be utilized to mix and thereafter apply a photogenerating layer coating mixture. Suitable techniques include spraying, dip coating, roll coating, wire wound rod coating, and the like. In a preferred technique, the pigment is dispersed in a polymer/solvent solution and applied by solution coating. Drying of the deposited coating may be effected by any suitable conventional technique such as oven drying, infrared radiation drying, air drying and the like, to remove substantially all solvents utilized in applying the coating.
Charge Transport Layer
The charge transport layer 6 is a single component polymeric material having inherent charge transporting capability and comprises a polymeric tetraaryl-substituted biphenyl diamine compound. Suitable polymeric tetraaryl-substituted biphenyl diamine compounds as the charge transport molecules of the compositions of the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,030,532 to Limburg et al. The disclosure of this patent is totally incorporated herein by reference.
Included among the suitable polymeric tetraaryl-substituted biphenyl diamine compounds are the polymeric reaction products of a tetra-substituted biphenyldiamine represented by the following structure:
wherein Y is a reactive group such as hydroxy, epoxy, carboxyl, iodo, bromo, or chloro group. The tetra-substituted biphenyldiamine may form poly(carbonates) and poly(esters), of the following polymeric structures:
where G equals a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group such as:
Some exemplary poly(carbonates) include:
Some exemplary poly(esters) include:
Preferred polymeric tetra-substituted biphenyldiamines are the polymeric reaction products of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,
with any of the following:
The polymeric reaction products of a tetra-substituted biphenyl-diamine eliminate crystallization problems. However, photoreceptors containing tetra-substituted biphenyldiamine polymeric reaction products as charge transport layers develop cracks when static-bend tested or when subjected to dynamic flexing over small diameter rollers while in contact with a liquid ink vehicle such as Norpar.
Other problems remain. For example, when a charge transport layer is applied by wet coating and dried at an elevated temperature, thermal contraction mismatch between the charge transport layer and substrate can result in greater dimensional shrinkage in the charge transport layer than in the substrate. This causes curling. An anti-curl backing coating can be applied to the back side of the photoreceptor to eliminate curl. However, an anti-curl layer can cause build up of substantial internal stress within the charge transport layer. Built up charge transport layer internal stress may be compounded by induced photoreceptor bending stress as a photoreceptor belt bends and flexes over module rollers. The additional stress may exacerbate the inherent charge transport layer stress to cause cracking when the photoreceptor is exposed to a liquid developer during photoreceptor imaging function.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic imaging member that includes a polymeric tetraaryl-substituted biphenyidiamine and a plasticizer in the charge transport layer. The plasticizer should have good compatibility with the charge transport layer material without causing phase separation and without causing "bleeding out." The plasticizer should be selected so as to remain dispersed in the film during the photoreceptor processing steps, storage and subsequent use. The presence of plasticizer should not result in any physical/mechanical/electrical degradation of a charge transport layer. Suitable plasticizers include but are not limited to phthalate esters and linear or branched chain esters of the following structures:
wherein R1 and R2 are linear or branched alkyl groups represented by CmH2m+1 and CnH2n+1, respectively or cyclic groups represented by CxH2x−1 and CyH2y−1, respectively. Both m and n are integers ranging from 1 to 15. If m is selected to be equal to n, then R1=R2. The values of x and y are between 3 and 8. R3 is a linear or branched alkylene group of 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
Although the ester groups of the phthalic plasticizer shown in the above molecular structure are situated in the ortho position, the phthalic plasticizer selected for the present invention includes ester groups situated in the ortho position and in the meta position and para position.
Examples of suitable plasticizers are listed in the following Table I.
Butyl Octyl Phthalate
Dicapryl Phthalate
Dicyclohexyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
Dihexyl Phthalate
Diisobutyl Phthalate
Diisodecyl Phthalate
Diisononyl Phthalate
Diisooctyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Ditridecyl Phthalate
Diundecyl Phthalate
Dibutyl Sebacate
Diethyl Succinate
*Boilidng Point at 4-5 mm Hg
**Pouring Point
Other suitable plasticizers include azelates, benzoates, citrates, laurates, 2,4-dichloro toluene and n-octylacetate. Preferably the charge transport layer comprises 0.2 to 50 weight percent plasticizer, more preferably from 4 to 20 weight percent, and most preferably from 6 to 10 weight percent. The remainder of the charge transport layer material comprises a hole transporting polymer such as the aforementioned tetraphenyl diamine polymers.
The thickness of the charge transport layer may range from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, and preferably from about 20 micrometers to about 35 micrometers. Optimum thicknesses may range from about 23 micrometers to about 31 micrometers.
The Ground Strip
The ground strip 7 may comprise a film-forming polymer binder and electrically conductive particles. Cellulose may be used to disperse the conductive particles. Any suitable electrically conductive particles may be used in the electrically conductive ground strip layer 9. The ground strip 9 may comprise materials which include those enumerated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,995. Typical electrically conductive particles include carbon black, graphite, copper, silver, gold, nickel, tantalum, chromium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, indium tin oxide and the like. The electrically conductive particles may have any suitable shape. Typical shapes include irregular, granular, spherical, elliptical, cubic, flake, filament, and the like. Preferably, the electrically conductive particles should have a particle size less than the thickness of the electrically conductive ground strip layer to avoid an electrically conductive ground strip layer having an excessively irregular outer surface. An average particle size of less than about 10 micrometers generally avoids excessive protrusion of the electrically conductive particles at the outer surface of the dried ground strip layer and ensures relatively uniform dispersion of the particles throughout the matrix of the dried ground strip layer. The concentration of the conductive particles to be used in the ground strip depends on factors such as the conductivity of the specific conductive particles utilized.
The ground strip layer may have a thickness from about 7 micrometers to about 42 micrometers, and preferably from abut 14 micrometers to about 27 micrometers.
Incorporation of a phthalate plasticizer in the charge transport layer reduces or eliminates photoreceptor curl-up problem and reduces or eliminates liquid developer exposure charge transport layer cracking as well. Application of an anti-curl layer and an overcoating layer may not be required.
If an anti-curl layer is required, it may comprise organic polymers or inorganic polymers that are electrically insulating or slightly semi-conductive. The anti-curl layer can provide flatness and/or abrasion resistance.
The anti-curl coating may be applied as a solution prepared by dissolving the film forming resin and the adhesion promoter in a solvent such as methylene chloride. The solution is applied to the rear surface of the supporting substrate (the side opposite to the imaging layers) of the photoreceptor device by hand coating or by other methods known in the art. The coating wet film is then dried to produce the anti-curl layer.
The optional overcoating layer, if needed, is used to provide the charge transport layer from wear as well as protection against organic liquid exposure. The optional overcoating layer may comprise organic polymers or inorganic polymers that are capable of transporting charge through the overcoat. The overcoating layer may range in thickness from about 2 micrometers to about 8 micrometers, and preferably from about 3 micrometers to about 6 micrometers. An optimum range of thickness is from about 3 micrometers to about 5 micrometers.
The invention will further be illustrated in the following, non-limiting examples, it being understood that these examples are intended to be illustrative only and that the invention in not intended to be limited to the materials, conditions, process parameters and the like recited therein.
A flexible photoreceptor device is prepared by providing a titanium coated polyester substrate (MELINEX 442, available from ICI Americas, Inc.) having a thickness of 3 mils (76.2 micrometers) and applying thereto, using a � mil gap Bird applicator, a solution containing 1 gram gamma aminopropyltriethoxy silane (available from Union Carbide Corporation), 4 grams distilled water, 0.3 gram acetic acid, 74.7 grams of 200 proof denatured alcohol and 20 grams heptane. This layer is then allowed to dry for 5 minutes at 135� C. in a forced air oven. The resulting blocking layer has an average dry thickness of 0.06 micrometer (600 Angstroms) measured with an ellipsometer.
An adhesive layer is then prepared by applying, with a � mil gap Bird applicator to the blocking layer, a wet coating containing 0.5 percent by weight based on the total weight of the coating solution of a polyester adhesive (MOR-ESTER 49,000, available from Morton International, Inc.) dissolved in a 70:30 volume ratio mixture of tetrahydrofuran/cyclohexanone. The wet coating of the applied adhesive interface layer is allowed to dry for 5 minutes at 135� C. in the forced air oven. The resulting adhesive interface layer has a dry thickness of 0.05 micrometer (500 Angstroms).
The adhesive interface layer is coated over with a photogenerating layer containing 30 percent by volume of vanadyl phthalocyanine dispersion in 70 percent by volume of VITEL PE-100 copolyester matrix. This photogenerating layer is prepared by introducing 7.6 grams of VITEL PE-100 copolyester (available from Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company) and 160 mls of methylene chloride into a 20 oz. amber bottle. To this solution is added 3.6 grams of purified vanadyl phthalocyanine and 1,000 grams of ⅛ inch (3.2 millimeters) diameter stainless steel shot. This mixture is placed on a ball mill for 72 to 96 hours. Subsequently, 50 grams of this slurry is diluted with 100 mls of methylene chloride and placed on a shaker for 10 minutes. The resulting slurry is applied to the adhesive interface layer by using a � mil gap Bird applicator to form a coating layer having a wet thickness of 0.5 mil (12.7 micrometers). However, a strip about 3 mm wide along one edge of the substrate bearing the blocking layer and the adhesive layer is deliberately left uncoated to facilitate electrical contact by a ground strip layer that is applied later. This photogenerating layer is dried at 135� C. for 5 minutes in the forced air oven to form a dry thickness photogenerating layer having a thickness of 0.6 micrometer (6,000 Angstroms).
This coated imaging member web is simultaneously overcoated with a charge transport layer and a ground strip layer using a 3 mil gap Bird applicator. The charge transport layer solution is prepared by introducing into an amber glass bottle 16 grams of an active hole transport polymer and 84 grams of methylene chloride. The hole transport polymer is synthesized and obtained through the condensation of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis[3-hydroxyphenyl]-[1,1′biphenyl]-4,4′diamine and diethylene glycol bischloroformate as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,443. The active hole transport polymer is designated "poly(ether carbonate)." The resulting mixture is dissolved to give a 16 percent by weight solid in 84 percent by weight methylene chloride solution. This solution is applied onto the photogenerator layer. The approximately 3 mm wide strip of adhesive layer left uncoated by the photogenerator layer is co-coated with a ground strip layer during the charge transport layer coating process.
Both the applied charge transport layer and the ground strip wet coatings are dried at 135� C. for 5 minutes in the forced air oven to form layers of 24 micrometers and 14 micrometers dried thicknesses, respectively. The photoreceptor device, at this point, curls spontaneously upward into a 1� inch diameter tube.
An anti-curl coating is prepared by dissolving 8.82 grams of polycarbonate resins (MAKROLON 5705, available from Bayer AG) and 0.72 gram of polyester resin (VITEL PE-200, available from Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company) in 90.1 grams of methylene chloride in a glass container to form a coating solution containing 8.9 percent solids. The anti-curl coating solution is applied to the rear surface (side opposite the photogenerator layer and charge transport layer) of the imaging member with a 3 mil gap Bird applicator and dried at 135� C. for about 5 minutes in the forced air oven to produce a dried film thickness of about 13.5 micrometers. The fabricated photoreceptor device is flat and is used to serve as a control.
An invention photoreceptor device having poly(ether carbonate) charge transport layer is prepared using the same material and procedures as described in the control of the Comparative Example, but with the exception that 4 percent by weight of diethyl phthalate plasticizer is incorporated into the matrix of the charge transport layer. To effect charge transport layer plasticizer incorporation, a pre-determined amount of diethyl phthalate is dissolved in the charge transport layer coating solution. Diethyl phthalate is a non-volatile high boiling liquid that remains permanently in the charge transport layer matrix even after drying at elevated temperature. The diethyl phthalate eliminates 90 percent of the photoreceptor curling seen in the control of the Comparative Example. No anti-curl layer is applied to the back of the resulting photoreceptor device.
An invention photoreceptor device having poly(ether carbonate) charge transport layer is prepared in the same manner as described in Example I, except that the charge transport layer contains 8 percent by weight diethyl phthalate. The resulting photoreceptor device has a material structure the same as that illustrated in FIG. 1 and is curl-free. No anti-curl layer is required.
The photoreceptor devices of the Comparative Example I and Examples I and II are tested for contact angle measurement, Young's Modulus (free standing charge transport layer films obtained by its coating solution over a Teflon surface for ease of release of film), coefficient of friction against a polyethylene terephthalate substrate and an elatomeric polyurethane cleaning blade, glass transition temperature (Tg), and seam strength (the seam of each photoreceptor device is prepared by overlapping the two opposite ends of a sheet to above 1-2 mm and ultrasonically welding into an overlapped seam using a 40 KHz horn). The data listed in Table II below show that plasticizing the charge transport layer effectively provides a device that may not require an anti-curl layer and that is free of the deleterious physical and mechanical effects noted in the control of Comparative Example. It is important to note that the reduction in coefficient of surface contact friction against the polyethylene terephthalate substrate will provide ease of photoreceptor webstock (about 6,000 feet web length) roll up after production coating processes; of equally important is that the reduction of coefficient friction seen between the platicized charge transport layer and the cleaning blade can enhance the blade's cleaning efficiency as well during photoreceptor belt imaging/cleaning processes.
Physical/Mechanical Properties of Photoreceptor
of Friction
2.54 �
105 psi
2.51 �
105 psi
2.53 �
105 psi
The flexible photoreceptor devices of the above Comparative Example and Examples I and II are tested by static bending over a 19 mm roll with constant NORPAR 15 (a straight chain C15 liquid hydrocarbon available from Exxon Chemical) exposure. NORPAR 15 is applied directly over the photoreceptor surface. The devices are then examined for cracks using a reflection optical microscope at 100 x magnification. Although the control sample of the Comparative Example develops instantaneous charge transport layer cracking upon direct contact with NORPAR 15, both the invention devices having 4 percent and 8 percent by weight diethyl phthalate plasticized charge transport layer show no evidence of charge transport layer cracking after constant exposure to NORPAR 15 for three weeks.
In an additional testing, a photoreceptor belt fabricated from the sample of Example II (containing 8 percent by weight diethyl phthalate in the charge transport layer) is fatigue cycled in a 2-inch diameter bi-roller belt module for 300,000 cyclic revolutions with constant exposure to NORPAR 15. The photoreceptor belt does not develop charge transport layer cracking. This result further illustrates effective elimination of solvent exposure/charge transport layer cracking problems according to the electrophotographic imaging member fabrication method of the present invention.
While the invention has been described with reference to particular preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the specific examples given, and other embodiments and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Feb 11, 1964
|Xerox Corp
|Photo-active member for xerography
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|Xerox Corp
|Metal free phthalocyanine in the new chi-form
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|Xerox Corp
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|Scm Corporation
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|Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited
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|Xerox Corporation
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 28, 2002
Owner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ILLINOIS
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Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEXAS
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text:
Dyson DC16 gets car power
Dyson has announced that it is adding a car charging kit to its handheld vacuum cleaner.
The new charging gadget will plug directly into a 12V power supply (read cigerette lighter) and give you juice on the go.
It's handy too as the DC16 only gives 6 minutes of juice for you to whizz around your car, caravan or boat, before it runs out of power.
Dyson is hoping the new accessory will mean you don't have to find a power plug in between cleans.
Annoyingly though you still won't be able to power and use at the same time.
The DC16 will come with the new charging option for £129.99. Alternative those who have already bought into the sucking device will be able to get the car charging kit for £29.99
PowerEgg is a £1290 drone offering gesture controls
Google might launch its Daydream platform soon with new VR hardware
Boost your photo game with this flexible tripod, now under £12
This smart stud finder works with your phone to do 3D-image sensing
Popular In Gadgets On Pocket-lint
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text:
I am taking my first 3 week trip to Europe this summer. I'll be traveling throughout the month of June. During my time I'll be in Germany (Frankfurt, Nuremberg, and Berlin) , The Netherlands (Amsterdam), and the UK.
While in Germany I will be staying with people and will most likely meet friends of the couple I am staying with. I don't want to offend and I've read that local dress style in Germany tends to be on the conservative side. I need ideas on what type of clothes to pack that will be acceptable as well as comfortable for long days of exploration. I have a few wrap dresses, shorts, t-shirts, sneakers, and ballet flats or flip flops but Im not sure what else to pack. Any ideas would be helpful.
Also, I'm aware that I can't bring home all of Europe in my bag - but I would like to bring back a few momentos. I saw where some people bring an extra backpack empty and then fill it as they go.... others have suggested mailing items home (albeit more expensive than paying the extra luggage fee). any ideas on this would be helpful....
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Summer trip - packing light & buying gifts
I am taking my first 3 week trip to Europe this summer. I'll be traveling throughout the month of June. During my time I'll be in Germany (Frankfurt, Nuremberg, and Berlin) , The Netherlands (Amsterdam), and the UK.
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Pack a crushable duffle in your luggage to fill with your purchases to carry on. In the Netherlands, I recommend Dutch tiles, Delftware, and Stroopwaffles( caramel filled waffle cookies, sold all over even in airport boarding area.)London has endless possibilities for shopping.
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If you can buy tiny mementos and fill a small carry on for your return (and check your clothes suitcase) it would be better. We've had precious souvenirs lost forever when we shipped them ourselves. If you purchase something really nice from a store they will do the shipping for you. That is the only way I will ship anymore.
Also, whenever we purchase small breakables we always go to a local store and purchase a small tupperware container to put it in for the remainder of the trip and the flight home. Works really well to protect breakables.
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That's a good idea Michele_d, then it becomes a special Tupperware. The one you'll never ever take to a potluck
Germany will be hot, if you like dresses then bring a couple of good basic skirts and a selection of tops from casual to dressy to go with the skirts. Ballet flats, and sandals that can go out at night. Sneakers and a pair of shorts that can go in the city or out for a light hike would be good.
Pack it all in a 22" suitcase. Don't bring a lot of luggage.
You're clothes should be interchangeable and make a few different outfits.
I too would go with the packable duffle.
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You will be doing a lot of walking, so be sure to take a pair of comfortable shoes with good soles for any cobblestones, and not a new pair that may produce blisters. I always take a little pack of moleskin just in case.
Have a really good time! That first trip to Europe is extra special. You might want to write a trip report here when you get back to let us know how it went.
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This must depend on the people you are visiting as I have friends in Germany and they sure don't dress conservatively and anything you could wear in the USA would be fine with the people I know. I have one German friend who, when visiting the US, doesn't really wear anything other than Tshirts, jeans, and very casual clothes, more casual than what I wear.
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Rethink your shoes - flip flops and ballet flats are not meant for all of the walking you will most likely do as a tourist. Neither have any support and thin soles. Flip flops have no protection either.
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Thank you so much for the information
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I bought the air compression bags from Rick Steves website and they saved a lot of space in my luggage (more room for souviners). However, the extra large Ziploc bags can be used for the same thing (found them at Target).
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Grocery stores are a good place to pick up some inexpensive, small and unusual items to bring home. For our grands we always pick up cookies, candies, gum, etc. that we don't have in US.
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I just noticed you are going to Amsterdam. When we went to the Anne Frank house they sold The Diary of Anne Frank book with a sticker in the front showing it was purchased there. It makes an inexpensive, original and easy to bring back gift.
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Your footwear is extremely important. The last thing you want on your first trip to Europe is sore feet. I learned the hard way so I know what I'm talking about!!
As far as clothes, anything comfortable for daytime is fine. You might want to dress a little dressier in the evening but skirts and tees or dresses will be fine.
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Violetduck - even though I already own the book, I love that idea!!
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Club Crest
14:53 9th October 2012
by Phil Adlam
Chief Executive Bob Symns has released the following statement on behalf of the football club.
'Following recent interviews given by the Director of Football and the Football Manager, personal opinions were given that were not sanctioned by Peterborough United Football Club Limited.
'It is always the intention of the Board to conduct all football business in a professional and considered manner whereby content is deemed to be beneficial, factual and necessary.
'In light of the public exchanges, the club wishes it to be known that at a formal meeting, the situation was discussed with appropriate measures bringing closure to the matter.'
The club will be making no further comment.
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LJWorld.com weblogs Town Talk
LHS project back at Planning Commission
The controversial improvements near Lawrence High School have another small hurdle to clear at the Lawrence-Douglas County Planning Commission next week. Planning commissioners will be considering the preliminary plat and a variance request for the portions of the improvements near the former Centennial School building at 2145 La. The Planning Commission will meet at 6:30 p.m. on Monday at City Hall, Sixth and Massachusetts streets. Preliminary plats normally are routinely approved, because they largely show just technical details such as lot lines and location of easements and rights-of-way. School district leaders, however, are requesting variance from the city's right-of-way standards. Instead of providing a full 50-foot right-of-way along Louisiana Street, the school district is proposing to provide a 40-foot right -of-way and a 10-foot pedestrian and utility easement. The variance is needed to keep the current school building in compliance with proper setback standards. Staff members are recommending approval of the variance, in part, because it accomplishes the intent of the right-of-way requirement. In other business, the Planning Commission will consider changes to the Douglas County zoning code. The changes involve major updates of terms and categories. The updates also include more language making it clearer that farmers have several rights to do agritourism ventures and value-added agriculture ventures as part of their agriculturally zoned property.
John Hamm 7 years, 8 months ago
"approval ........... it accomplishes the intent of the"in other words it a fait accompli as will any other "variances" the school district might need.
budwhysir 7 years, 8 months ago
Well I for one hope we hire a special research group to carry out this legal battle with the city. We cant even elect a superintendent on our own, how are we going to win a legal battle in court? Oh I forgot, in todays day and age, we must spend more money to have top notch lawyers employed by the school district than we pay our teachers. After all, school is no longer a learning institution but rather another arena for political and corporate greed.Pull all the strings you can, our school system will soon go down in a blaze of glory. The do gooders and the hand me outs are about to colide in a battle of " I can outspend you" and a follow up of " oh no you cant lawsuit" So take that and write it 100 times on your blackboard Local yokos
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Time: 4h 04min
"It's time to strip off your clothes and start pussy pounding! Watch and enjoy!"More info
Starring: Nella Jay, Mckenzee Miles, Jaylynn West, Carmella Diamond, Chelsie Rae, Charlotte Stokely, Judy Marie, Tera Knightly, Brett Rockman, Brian Surewood, Chris Cannon, James Deen, Joe Blow, Kyle Stone, Marco Banderas, Mark Wood, Scott Lyons, Sean Michaels, Steve Taylor,
Categories: Compilation, Threesomes,
Studio: Vouyer Media
50 Shades of Red
Release: 2016
Time: 4h 09min
"These fiery hot redheads will steal your soul! Not just 4 hours, but a Wicked 4 hours!"More info
Starring: Maddy O'Reilly, Dahlia Sky, Harmony Reigns, Mischa Brooks, Edyn Blair, Britney Amber, Janet Mason, Karlie Montana, Kirsten Price, Lia Lor, Monique Alexander, Nikita Von James, Sheena Shaw, Veronica Avluv, Brad Armstrong, Brad Tyler, Dale DaBone, Eric John, Evan Stone, Luke Hardy, Marcus London, Michael Vegas, Mr. Pete, Rob Carpenter, Ryan McLane, Seth Gamble, Steven St. Croix, Tommy Gunn, Tony Martinez, Tyler Nixon, Van Wylde,
Categories: Compilation, Threesomes, Redheads,
Studio: Wicked Pictures
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