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You are a fan of brian fine ? Come to discover the best forums brian fine on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of brian fine . You can also build a forum brian fine and create your online discussion.
Discuss, research and identify 20th Century pottery, glass, fine art, lighting, furniture, and decorative arts.
keramik, pottery, glass, retro, west, german, lava, studio, vintage, riihimaki, riihimaen, holmegaard, midcentury, whitefriars, furniture, teak, gplan, ercol, ercolani, lütken, otto, brauer, gulvvase
Ford Enthusiasts Forum is an organization of Ford enthusiasts. This site is about anything and everything Ford. !
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Hoodoo Voodoo Lounge, Brian Setzer Fans. Hoodoo Voodoo Lounge Message Board
Brian Joubert Discussion Group, competitions, shows, divers, news, actualités, Forum
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A lifestyle messaging board for fine folks to enjoy. We strive to have some stern discussions, along with some doozy threads. Introduce your bad self and we'll get along famously
free, forum, lifestyle, men's, interest, entertainment, movies, metal, gaming, horror, life, music, sports, funny, lounge, beer, current, events, reviews, time, xbox, one., gentlemen


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Lucid Providing Energy, Water Monitoring to Seattle 2030 District
Energy and water monitoring services from Lucid's Building Dashboard product have helped building owners in an area of downtown Seattle to track cuts in their consumption.
By centrally tracking and communicating performance data, members of the Seattle 2030 District have been able to benchmark themselves against other participating buildings, as well as typical buildings, and use this information to evaluate progress toward reduction targets, Lucid says. The monitoring program, in place for a few months, has found that energy use is down 5.6 percent, water 2.2 percent, and CO2 from transportation 0.8 percent, all against 2010 levels.
As of January 2012, Seattle 2030 District members have shared energy and water data for 64 individual properties, comprising more than 21 million square feet of real estate. This portfolio represents nearly 25 percent of the entire square footage of the Seattle 2030 District area.
The buildings' ongoing progress will be shared here, with both totals for the district's overall reduction (pictured) and a map allowing visitors to explore individual buildings.
This marks the first time that a group of commercial buildings has voluntarily shared energy, water and transportation data with the public, Lucid says. Based on actual performance data from these buildings, the founding members are performing roughly 26 percent better than the national average for similar buildings, the company says.
The Seattle 2030 District is a public/private partnership of more than 60 members, including 19 property owners and managers, the City of Seattle, King County, and numerous professional and community stakeholders. The body's goal is to reduce energy use, water consumption and CO2 emissions by 50 percent by 2030 in 88 million square feet of buildings in downtown Seattle.
The District as a whole is part of President Obama's Better Buildings Challenge, which aims to use tax breaks, grants and loan guarantees, and other programs to catalyze private sector investment in commercial building upgrades and make America's commercial buildings 20 percent more efficient over the next decade.
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F. Caricch, F. Crescimbini, E. Santini
University of Rome, Italy
Abstract - This paper presents an axial-flux induction motor which has a single stator and two squirrel-cage rotors mounted on individual, independents shafts driving two wheels of an electric vehicle. This novel induction machine inherently behaves as an electromagnetic differential motor and thereby performs the function of both the engine and the differential of a conventional vehicle. Features of the proposed motor topology are described, and an equivalent circuit is derived from the analysis of the magnetic and electrical behaviour of the machine. Basic machine design and characteristics of a 20 kW motor prototype are finally discussed.
1. torque density of the motor may be accepted in consideration of benefits arising from a reduction of the power electronic devices needed, if compared with electric vehicle drives using itwo individual in-wheel motors. To this aim, one particularly advantageous solution is accomplished with the drive arrangement shown in Fig. 1, in which a disc-type induction motor having a single stator and two individual, independent rotors is used to drive directly two wheels of a vehicle. This novel induction machine inherently behaves as an electromagnetic differential, arid thereby combines in a single motor drive the function of both the engine and the differential of a conventional vehicle. Early studies on induction motors having a single stator and two rotors were developed by considering the conventional arrangement of cylindrical machines with rahal airgap flux [7]. Recently, design and performance of a disc-type tvvin rotor machne have been discussed in reference IS]. The same machine structure as in reference [SI is considered in this paper, but a different arrangement of 1.he stator winding which allows a shorter length of the end-windings is proposed. An equivalent circuit is derived from the analysis of the magnetic and electrical behaviour of the proposed machine. Consideralion on machine design and characteristics of a 20 kW motor prototype are finally discussed.
Axial-flux &sc machines are drawing considerable attention for application in electrical vehicles as wheeldirect-coupling motors. Particularly, slotless axial-flux machines with permanent-magnet rotor excitation (AFPMs) allow machine designs with substantially improved performance, typically in terms of higher torque density or increased efficiency. Therefore, in the last few years such an axial-flux machine topology has found a growing interest for a number of motor applications [l-41, and recently an axial-flux directdrive wheel motor prototype has been used for the development of a scooter drive [5, 61. The basic layout of AFPMs comprises a toroidal stripwound stator core which carries a slotless toroidal winding and is placed between two mild steel discs. These rotor discs are connected rigidly to the machine shaft and cany axially-polarised magnets. The active conductor lengths are the two radial portions facing the magnets, whose polarities are arranged to induce adhtive emf, around a stator coil. The axially-directed end-windmg lengths are relatively short, yielding low resistance. Since the working surfaces of the stator core are both used, in comparison with conventional machines the structure of AFFMs allows the exploitation of a higher percentage of active materials for production of torque. However, because of the large airgaps in the magnetic circuit, the high performance of AFPMs are achieved at the price of using high-energy magnets (i.e. typically Nd-Fe-B with energy density of tens of MGOe), which to date, unfortunately, still have a high cost if compared with the cost of other machine active materials. Hence, whilst AFPMs proved to be one best solution for the hgh-torque-density motors required in motor-inwheel drives, on the other hand, there is an interest to avoid the use of permanent magnet machines. This led to explore other drive arrangements in which a lower
Fig. 1 Direct drive of electric vehicle wheels by a single converter-fed motor having one stator and two rotors. 2.
The basic layout of the proposed axial-flux induction machine comprises a single stator and two squirrelcage rotors. These rotors are mounted on two individual shafts and may rotate independently. The stator comprises an iron core obtained from iron tape wound in a toroidal fashion. The two surfaces of the stator core are slotted by means of shearing techniques, being the slots in the radial direction. The rotors have same magnetic structure as the stator, but the rotor slots
'Electrical Machines and Drives; 11-13 September 1995, Conference Publication No. 412,O IEE, 1995
Ot2 airgap flux Dr2 rotor flux where the suffixes s. whereas the suffixes 1 and 2 refer to rotor 1 and rotor 2. i Fig. It is possible to identlfy the following fluxes: .e. 2) may have either same or opposite direction depending on the connection between the two halves of the stator winding. E EQUIVALENT CWCUIT Fig. 4 shows recridied view at the mean radius of the machne to be used for electromagnetic considerations. the active conductors placed in back-to-back slots can be connected as shown in Fig. 2 . The magnetic circuit shown in Fig. but electrically independent. Fig. 2 is that the two winding halves can be manufactured separately and then placed into the slots.Rectij?ed view of the machine (not in scale). 5 represent the stator and rotor equations ( A denotes permeance. as proposed in reference 181. stator flux stator leakage flux . 3 show a rectified view of the stator core with winding coils placed in slots. izi number of turns and R resistance).a) magnetic circuit of the machine. r and t refer to stator. one advantage of the winding arrangement shown in Fig. The currents flowing down any hvo back-to-back slots (i. Magnetic and electric circuits as shown in Fig. 5 is useful for an analysis of the electromechanical behaviour of the machine when used to dnve two wheels of an electric Fig. polyphase windings which are then connected in series. The end-windmgs are accomplished in the conventional way by connecting active conductors placed in slots belonging to one side of the stator core.Dfl. as well as a sigruEicant reduction of stator resistance and leakage inductance.3 . The following relationshps can be written: @t=@t1+ @t2 (1) @ds=@dsl-k @ds2 . Fig. With reference to a machine having one slot per pole and per phase. 3. 4 .@ds Fig. respectively. However. A and B in Fig. As the machine must be excited through the stator winding. the airgaps must be reduced as much as possible to produce adequate airgap flux densities and achieve acceptable values of efficiency and torque density. rotor and airgap. lying the end-windings on both the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of the stator core. T h s winding arrangement allows a great saving of copper. 2 and Fig. b) electric circuits (stator and two rotors). It is found that such advantages become particularly prominent for machmes having high number of poles. 2 results in two identical.Conventional end windings (dotted lines) 4 @t L @t2 To reduce the length of the end-windings.Proposed end windings (dotted lines).L present an inclination respect to the radius to reduce mechanical vibrations. The coils of the stator winding coils are wound in a toroidal fashion around the stator core and placed into slots. 5 . Both rotors carry a squirrel-cage winding which is accomplished by means of bars inserted into the slots and short-circuited by end rings.0s . 3. The coil arrangement shown in Fig.
and k is the ratio between the no-load voltage V A B ~ A-B terminals and the phase voltage. R S + ds - where X = w (zdr + Llu). If a is the number of parallel-connected paths per pole and per . is the magnetising inductance. if s1 = s2 then the current in the branch AB shown in Fig. being V. respectively. at R. w dr Fig. the maximum torque can be expressed as: (3) where w is the angular frequency of the currents. if results TI = T 2 . Neglecting the voltage drop onL . while the stator flux keeps constant. and therefore there is a greater current and electromagnetic reaction. as it mainly depends on Vs and the number of turns of the stator winding. whereas s denotes the slip. Whenever the vehicle is on a curve path and considering a constant feeding frequency. independently on the flux distribution in the airgaps and therefore the stator iron is always in the optimum design conditions. The flux in the stator is practically always the same. electromagnetic torque on rotor 2 decreases..3 vehicle. Ns. Whenever occurs that s1 f s2. the distribution of the fluxes in the two airgaps changes.E. since it is L p >> Ldr. Currents in the cage winding of rotor 1 decrease: the same holds for its electromagnetic reaction on the stator. In this figure R.. f I. Linkage of electric and magnetic circuits based on the principle of transfiguration of the network allows to determine the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. Xis of the same order of uLP The electromechanical behaviour described above suggested the name of an electromagnetic differential induction motor (EDIM) for the proposed machme. Hence. If the vehicle moves on a straight path. 6. Rotor resistance and leakage inductance are indicated as R. It yields: It should be noted that the reactive term X presents a great value since it is the sum of the rotor magnetising and leakage inductance. In practice. and Lds are the stator resistance and leakage inductance. and Ldr. and therefore the point B is at the potential VJ2. as desired. On the other hand. Xeq = 2 Xd. Of course. if SI = s2. Therefore. 6 it is possible to deduce the torque developed by each rotor as a function of SI and SI. and the mechanical behaviour is same as in an EDIM. . I . . it yields VB # VJ2 and I.Equivalent circuit of the machine By neglecting the leakage flux with respect to the magnetising flux. is the stator voltage. the: condition results in dr t I . In this case. 6 is zero. since in rotor 2 there is a greater slip. + 2 Xd.. From a magnetic point of view it is found that EDIMs allow a reduction of the weight of the stator iron. the stator voltage divides into the two portions depending on the equivalent impedance cif each machine. Moreover. the external wheel increases the speed and the relevant rotor (say rotor 1) approaches the synchronous speed. being both the rotors in a same electromagnetic conditions. When the rotors present the same angular speed. then the stator flux divides into two equal parts. . This behaviour represents an improvement with respect to that of the conventional mechanic differential: to the external wheel can be applied a greater torque since it is generally the more loaded in a curve trajectory. From the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. and L. then it the torque ratio can be approximated as and therefore the torque is greater on the faster rotor. 6 . The stator flux tend to flow in rotor 1.. is related to the total flux linked with one stator phase. the coupling between the fluxes in the airgaps is absent. The equivalent circuit of EDIMs is similar to that one resulting from the connection in series of two conventional induction machines. Therefore. respectively.
=-u U @ . magnetic properties of the machine are aEected by this construction technique. is proportional to R2. the Authors designed and built a 20 kW machine whose parameters are listed in Table 1.. If L. The airgap length. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS On the basis of the described considerations. hypotheses. In order to increase the maximum power of the machme. the dimensions of the slots and the axial thickness of the stator core. The stator slots are not semi-closed. is = related to the rms value of the flux in the airgap: 1 where Ot = 2 p q 0 . 6. the same holds for the slot opening b and for the slot magnetising mmf nZp while the slot area A . it is possible to deduce the maximum torque value. For an effective design point of view. the maximum torque is proportional to an R power e ual to 4. The general design criteria of the machine were introduced. and the layout of a prototype built by the Authors was shown.4 phase. The stator geometry is mainly determined by the inner radius r and outer radius R (or. the same hold for the stator flux cDt. and it can be related dlrectly to the geometrical and magnetic parameters. 6. since by hypothesis Lds = Ldr: Consequently. The stator copper volume is proportional to R2. but open. the rms value of the mmffor a desired values of the flux density is calculated.lot is the slot inductance of one slot presenting one conductor. and the voltage drop on Es In terms of magnetic fluxes. i. other quantities are calculated with a straightforward process. is deduced. The main results of the design procedure can be summarised as follows. the dimensional analysis will be conducted having the external radius R as main parameter. The stator weight is proportional to Rj. 4. n' E. the maximum torque do not depend upon the number of turns or on the end-windmg arrangement. the slot depth h is proportional to R since h = A .e. and the equivalent circuit for steady state unbalanced operation was derived. one has: 20 kW MACHINE PROTOTYPE and therefore. since the manufacture process short-circuits the iron sheets and iron losses are increased. This was due to the fact that the construction of a semi-closed stator slots can be obtained either by the progressive punching of the continuous iron tape constituting the stator. 5. On the other hand. The machine design proceeds as follows: an expression forthe slot opening b as a function of k.. (4) where @ is the total stator flux. is the flux in one pole. and therefore is suitable for the electrical traction. In particular. Therefore. With the same . It should be noted that several Merences between the design of the machine and the realisation exist. or by milling a toroidal core. Obviously. neglecting R. Rotor slots were obtained by milling of the rotor discs. by the outer radius and kr = rm). can be assumed to be proportional to R. the slot height is then calculated. 7 shows the stator and one of the two rotors of the prototype machine before assembling (the rotor is shown before the preparation of the cage winding).and therefore the maximum specific torque is proportional to R. once the slot CONCLUSIONS The pager presented a newly conceived axial flux induction motor. =-n'w a @I since the flux linked with each t r is the flux into the un joke. equivalently. and they are dlscussed in the following. The electrical and magnetic characteristics were dscussed. / b. which has the property to behave as a mechanical dfierential gearbox. Fig. . that. the Authors studied and realised a water-cooling of the machine. V'B~ is the difference between E. Simplicity reason in the realisation lead to a circular design of the slots. The Authors chosen this second way for cost reasons. and n' the number of conductors seriesconnected in one slot: geometry is known. it can be said that V A B ~ k E. once the slot area is known. and therefore: 2Pq kE. by definition. the stator iron volume is proportional to R3.
B. Vol. Honorati. "Toroidally-Wound. Santini. Fedeli. Spooner. 1988. G. 2. Vol. T. MAchine". pp. Marquette University. Proceedings of the 12th International Electrical Vehicle Symposium. "Motoring Performance of the Toroidal Permanent Magnet Machine Torus". Axial-Flux. Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting. Zurich. B. F. Anaheim (USA). Wu Wei. Crescimbini. 7 . "Analog Computer Simulation of an Axially Aligned Two Rotor A. 36 . C. "Development of an IGBT Inverter Driven AxialFlux PM Synchronous Motor Drive". Permanent-Magnet. Renfrew.H. 482 487. Proceedings of the LEE 5th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives. 81-86. Spooner. F.A. Chalmers. Master Thesis. BrushlessDC Motors". 0. Crescimbini. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Machines. Wisconsin (USA). Smith "Twin Rotor Drive for an Electric Vehicle". Crescimbini.63 degrees I I I a) bl Fig. "Design and Construction of a Wheel-DirectlyCoupled Axial-Flux PM Motor Prototype for EVs". TABLE 1 List of main design parameters of the prototype I I flux density in the stator joke ROiTOR I I 1. A. E. G. 3.Proceedings of the International Conference on the Evolution and Modern Aspects of Synchronous Machines.C. M. pp. F. J. [8] D.A. 2-7 October 1994. Di Napoli. March 1993.8 T I slot skewing number of slots first harmonic skew coefficient 8. Di Napoli. Lipo. Noia. 1991. Part B. Lipo. B. 131-138. Caricchi. Noia. F. E. Noia. Proceedings of the 4th EPE Conference. 1 Slotless. A. E. Crescimbini.REFERENCES [ 1 E. 140. 5-7 December 1994. 161 F. Noia. 1991. Platt. A.29. Caricch. Chalmers.40. "Design Criteria of a Low-Speed Axial-Flux PM Synchronous Machine" . E. 1991. [7] T. G. Denver (USA). F. 111. "Prototype of an Innovative Electrical Scooter for Application in Zero-Emission Urban Mobility".a) Stator and b) rotor ofthe prototype machine (the rotor is shown without conductor winding) . G. pp. 1964. Santini. pp. IEE Proceedmgs. J. M. Vol. Caricchi. August 27 . Ca&chi. No. [5] F. 141 F. El-Missiry.
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Clockwork Love – Intricate Jewelry by Frank Tjepkema
Frank Tjepkema a.k.a. Spent his youth in Geneva, Brussels and New-York. He finally settled in the Netherlands in 1989. After graduating as a Cum Laude from the Design Academy in Eindhoven in 1996, he plunged into the creative world and created quite a stir with his graduation project based on artificial nature drew. His 'Clockwork Love Paper' is composed of intricately designed hearts composed of layers upon layers of fragile-looking media that also serve as jewelry.
Check out his website.
About The Author
I love my dogs, reading books, and taking great pictures with my battered but still functional digital camera. Taking great pictures with a high end camera is almost too easy, producing fantastic images with an outdated one is an accomplishment by itself.
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What if "what I want" is to be able to visit the sites that are linking to a YouTube video I'm watching. Today I can't easily do that because YouTube doesn't want me leaving YouTube.
CyanogenMod still uses TZ/QSEE on phones where that is used in the original firmware.
However, that never reduces security, only increases it. If your passphrase is long enough not to be at risk of a bruteforce, then this attack does not affect you.
The problem is not "trusting" the proprietary crap, the problem is trusting it to improve security in any measurable way.
Android full disk encryption is just as secure as LUKS (in fact, under the hood it's dm-crypt just like LUKS, the key derivation is just different). This doesn't break the FDE. You still need the passphrase. What this does is break the "you need the hardware to access the FDE and we're going to impose additional non-provable restrictions such that you can keep using your 4-digit PIN and it'll be secure, promise" bunch of hot air that vendors like to sell you. Just like the FBI cracked that iPhone's FDE - by bruteforcing the passcode. This lets you bruteforce Android's FDE offline after a one-time attack on the hardware.
I use CyanogenMod on my phone. I have my FDE passphrase set to a long string, independent of my (shorter) unlock code. This attack doesn't affect me because my FDE passphrase is not bruteforceable in a reasonable amount of time. This only affects people who still think using a 4-digit PIN to secure FDE on their phone is a good idea because Apple and Qualcomm pinkie-promise that their secure tamperproof hardware can limit bruteforce attempts enough to make that a reality.
A security researcher who goes around looking for ATM skimmers should know that the magstripe reader always goes along with a camera for the PIN pad, and that the electronics inside the card reader part aren't the whole story.
It's completely obvious once you look for it, once you know a skimmer was installed on the card slot, especially having another pristine ATM right next to it to compare. Nobody's going to blame someone for not noticing a skimmer in the first place, but once you know one was installed, yes, the PIN pad part is blatant.
Backwards compatibility. They still mostly work in foreign ATMs that only use the magstripe.
... the blatant camera/panel overlay above the PIN pad, which is almost certainly where the main logic and storage of the skimmer is.
The ARM has nothing to do with game consoles. The PS4 and the Xbox One don't even use the ARM for their secure boot/DRM, they use something else (the PS4 uses the SAMU which is an LM32 derivative core inside the GPU portion, and I think the Xbox One uses more custom stuff). Read this libreboot page; the ARM is required to boot any modern AMD chip. Or this if you want a reference from AMD from last year. The PSP is very much alive and well and required to boot modern AMD chips.
... and guess what, AMD CPUs have an extra ARM core in them, as well as multiple little cores of various architectures attached to the GPU. All running proprietary firmware.
Throwing random little CPUs at problems is nothing new. What makes you think the firmware in your PCIe WiFi card also can't access all main memory and be turned into a rootkit? What about the Embedded Controller on laptops, that runs even when it's off?
Yes, the state of firmware auditability of modern PCs is dismal. It's been like this for at least a decade. Yes, Intel does it one way, AMD does it another way, and just about every other peripheral on your board is also an attack surface. GPU? Dozens of little auxiliary cores (unrelated to the GPU unified shaders); Nvidia or AMD, doesn't matter. That USB 3.0 host controller? Probably runs firmware too. Ethernet? Yup, often has firmware these days. That LSI SAS controller? Full PowerPC core with enough oomph to run Linux itself. Your hard drive? 3 ARM cores, you can make them run Linux too. And all of those things can scribble all over your main memory unless you enable the IOMMU (except the HDD, that one can scribble all over your storage instead).
Sleep tight.
"Ada is PL/I trying to be Smalltalk. -- Codoso diBlini


text:
Bridge Of Spies Lyrics by T'Pau
Bridge Of Spies by T'Pau
So long I've waited
For you to come to me
Anticipating what I would say
And no one could know
How it feels to be
In your embrace again
So tender
Yeah, there were times
I could not hold on
With each day that came
A little more hope was gone
I'd look into my heart
To see what I had done
And now I can't believe
The day is finally come
I am walking over the bridge of spies today
Freedom is only one more step away
You only have to hold me
Take me to you
Now the things we wanted
Well, they're so far away it seems
Your love is a distant thing
That I kept deep inside of me
Now if I could show you
Where I lived in my fantasy
On the continent of dreams
You'd be with me
I don't know if I could go through it all again
For what's the point if you are never free to say
This is what I believe, this is a part of me
No hero, no regrets but only meant to be
I am walking over the bridge of spies today
Freedom is only one more step away
You only have to hold me
Yeah, yeah
Walking, over the bridge of spies today
Freedom is only one step away, yeah
You only have to hold me
Yeah, yeah, yeah
Hold me, hold me
Hold me, hold me
Hold me, hold me
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Professor Chris Williams of Swansea University discusses the donation of Richard Burton's papers, diaries and photographs.
Last updated: 04 August 2009
The interview was broadcast on BBC Radio Wales on 2 August 2009, shortly before the 25th anniversary of Richard Burton's death.
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text:
Falling in Lust on the Train
Image courtesy: © Thinkstock photos/ Getty images
The jam-packed train stopped suddenly. She looked up from the thick tome of erotica she'd been devouring, and absently gazed out of the window only to see a couple of dogs copulating. It was one of those days - mornings roused by innuendo, afternoons heaving with sex, evenings swelling with lust and nights undulating to one night stands. She swirled her tongue around in her mouth, and tried to relive all those deliciously foreign tastes from the previous night. Nothing. It's strange how the human palate works. Conveniently relegating the past, continuously yearning for the future. Just like the human mind. And the human body.
"Why! I could write erotica," she almost declared aloud, when a velvety freshly-waxed, freshly-moisturised arm grazed hers. She gasped, and saw her own arm transform into a field of gooseflesh. She fought the temptation to look the girl in the eye, lest Ms Velvet Touch turn out to be the type that possessed a rag-mag churned out for the female bourgeoisie or wore cheap imitations. The new entrant who'd sat herself down next to her was probably the sexually superficial kind who thought that "bicurious" was a bad word. "Oh, Ms Velvet Touch, you can't imagine how bad I've been," she smirked to herself.
The silhouette sufficed. Less was indeed more. More opportunity to gently invade forbidden spaces. She slowly inched towards Ms Velvet Touch and let her elbow crook its way into her waist - slender yet slightly fleshy as expected. She felt like a depraved molester. Immediately, almost as if on cue, Ms Velvet Touch rose and hurriedly disappeared into the teeming crowd. Had she been disgusted? Offended? Or had Ms Velvet Touch been oblivious to her presence? None of the above, she soon realised, as she noticed a paper napkin with a telephone number scribbled on it curiously peeking out of her own bag.
You NEED To Have This One Bag In Your Wardrobe Can We Stop Talking About Thigh Gaps And Talk About The Gaps That REALLY Matter Forget About Sheet Masks, Multimasking Is The New Beauty Trend! #ThugLife: Respect Your Parents For Having Lived Through More Lifestyles Than You Ever Will Lakme Fashion Week Sneak Peek: 15 Questions With Fashion Designer Extraordinaire, Sabyasachi Mukherjee
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Madonna and Angelina Jolie's Pictures Up for Charity Exhibition to Help Haitian
A starstudded collection of celebrity photos featuring iconic snaps of Madonna, Michael Jackson, Angelina Jolie and Britney Spears has gone on display in New York. The exhibition, titled Snapped! From the Red Carpet to the Dark Side of Celebrity, is being held to mark the 21st anniversary of entertainment news and photo agency World Entertainment News Network.
Snapped! showcases shots from the past two decades, including Lady GaGa with British monarch Queen Elizabeth II and Madonna in Malawi with her adopted son David Banda. The collection is also raising money for charity - all proceeds from the sales of prints will be donated to Concern Worldwide's Haitian earthquake relief efforts.
Lloyd Beiny, CEO of WENN, says, "Like everyone, we were devastated by the horrors of the recent events in Haiti and have been looking for an appropriate way in which to contribute." The exhibition runs until February 28 at Manhattan's Chelsea Market.
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Hackett's Cove, NS, Bangor, ME, and Quincy, IL - Oct 16, 2008 - Nautel has opened a customer support center based in Quincy, IL. The office will expand Nautel's customer service team with the addition of several recognized industry professionals.
"Long known for its abundance of skilled broadcast technical personnel, Quincy is an ideal location for an additional Nautel office," said Kevin Rodgers, Nautel's Manager of Customer Service. "With this new office in the central USA, we can increase our customer support coverage while leveraging the expertise of some very talented people in the area."
Initial hires for the Quincy Customer Support team include Nelson Bohorquez and Jim Krueger. Krueger joins Nautel from Harris, where he worked on high-power systems in the 200kW to 2MW range. Prior to joining Harris, Krueger worked for the United States Coast Guard, where he was involved with the installation of many Loran-C high power transmitters.
Nelson Bohorquez, a broadcast engineer, was employed at Broadcast Electronics for the past seven years in its customer service department. Nelson's first language is Spanish.
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In sport, they say the best way to answer your critics is to let your on-field performances do the talking.
After all that has gone wrong for New Zealand Cricket over the past three weeks, the organisation badly needed the Black Caps to not just talk - but shout from the rooftops.
What they got yesterday was more like a whimper, as the era of Brendon McCullum as Black Caps captain began with an eight-wicket loss to the Proteas in their first Twenty20 in Durban.
There was little the Black Caps will be able to take out of the performance, other than the knowledge they won't be able to do much worse in East London tomorrow.
Utterly poor with the bat, New Zealand weren't much better with the ball and noticeably flat in the field as well.
Only three Kiwi batsmen made double figures. Debutant Colin Munro (23) and Doug Bracewell (21 not out) were the only ones who looked remotely close to taking on the hosts' bowling battery.
The collapse of the top and middle order, which left the Black Caps marooned at 36 for 6 after just eight overs, was a start that few international teams would have been able to recover from.
A number of the side were battling a stomach bug - Martin Guptill was removed from the starting line-up - but McCullum wasn't using it as an excuse.
"There's a couple of guys a little bit under the weather, but we had a good team out there today," McCullum, who batted at No 3 yesterday, said.
"Today was one of those situations that happens in Twenty20 cricket where you're trying to be overly aggressive, you give away some wickets, and perhaps don't make the opposition work as hard as what they need to.
"But from our point of view, especially from the captain's point of view, the guys were just a little over-keen, myself included.
"Just a little over-keen to get into the series and really take South Africa on, and I know we'll all be better for the experience of today, and will ensure that in 48 hours' time we will definitely put up a better performance."
With the smoke still rising from the rubble of the poorly-handled sacking of Ross Taylor, it is easy to see why the side were so eager to get out there and prove a point.
And make no mistake: although this is a second-tier South African side with a lot of faces new to international cricket, it is one with power and promise, from seamers Ryan McLaren and Rory Kleinveldt, to baby-faced keeper Quinton de Kock, who looks like he could wield a pretty hefty bat.
But the pace of the wicket, and New Zealand's badly-managed aggressive approach, proved a bad combination for the Black Caps, McCullum admitted.
"We just probably played a few too many hard shots early on when we weren't quite set and we didn't quite have the pace of the wicket," he said.
"That's something we can definitely learn from and we can factor in for our next game - ensuring we continue with our aggressive intention - but just sure we stick to the fundamentals and give ourselves a real opportunity before we put the hammer down."
A bit of fine tuning is in order before the Black Caps take the field in Durban. The belief is still there, McCullum said; the side just need to control their "keen-ness".
"We 100 per cent believe we can win the next game - we've just got to fine-tune a couple of areas.
"I think we were just overly keen today. You can't fault people for being overly keen for wanting to get into a series, it's just we didn't quite earn the right to be as aggressive as we wanted to be and put South Africa under pressure."
- Sunday Star Times
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The Chadwick Hotel, Lancashire (county)
- Free WiFi and free parking
Main amenities
- 72 smoke-free guestrooms
- Near the beach
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Indoor pool
- Fitness center
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Garden
- Library
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Private bathroom
- Television
- Garden
What's around
- On the boardwalk
- Island Cinemas (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- St. Annes Pier (0.6 mi / 1 km)
- Royal Lytham and St. Annes Golf Club (0.7 mi / 1.2 km)
- Ashton Gardens (1.2 mi / 1.9 km)
- Fairhaven Lake (1.2 mi / 2 km)
The Chadwick Hotel, Lancashire (county)
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $38
- Family Quadruple Room
- Standard Twin Room
- Family Room (Sleeps 5)
- Family Triple Room
- Standard Room, Sea View
- Standard Double Room, 1 Double Bed
- Single Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 72 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking (limited)
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Three Star Lancashire (county) hotels
In the hotel
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Indoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Ecotours nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Library
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- In-room massage available
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Hair dryer
- Digital TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Lancashire (county) hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Lancashire (county)
- 30 James StreetFrom
"Totally amazing experience that was a highlight of our Europe trip! We were blown away by the magic combo of extreme beauty, historical significance, excellent service with…"Aug 11, 2016
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"Staff were great, including answering emails before we arrived. Very friendly (as are most Scousers) and helpful with our reservations and check-in. Rooms are huge, clean, and…"Aug 10, 2016
- The Bona Vista - Guest HouseFrom
"Great place with friendly staff. The only reason I would not likely stay here again is that all I was doing was at the Winter Gardens and there are other choices closer."Aug 10, 2016
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"I recommend the Vincent. Great staff, clean rooms and a great location. "Aug 6, 2016
Special features
DiningFour Seasons Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in local cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Bugatti Bar - This bar serves light fare only.
On Site
- Fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Ecotours nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
The Chadwick Hotel, Lancashire (county)'s small print
Also known as
- Chadwick Hotel Lytham St. Anne's
- Chadwick Lytham St. Anne's
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Good 3.7 /5 from 105 reviews
Very warm welcome and friendly staff. Bar prices are very reasonable. I used the gym and pool which were both maintained to a good standard. I will definitely use the hotel again
We booked late for the Lytham festival, therefore there wasn't a lot of hotel choice. The staff were friendly and breakfast was ok, but the hotel decor needs drastic attention, feeling like a walk back into the 1970's. The price was expensive, comparing it to a city break price where a boutique hotel would cost less and include more.
Wifi poor we were unable to get a connection at all during our visit. Wonderful hospitality, very friendly, excellent breakfast, will return
The hotel decor was very tired. I was there as a business guest and the WiFi wasnt working. Had a pool but again tired and need of love...
On arrival there was no welcome from the reception staff. There was a guest booked in with the same name as myself,so instead of checking the details they booked him in to our room and we ended up in a smaller room with a double bed instead of a double and a single and no air conditioning as booked.Wifi would not connect.The cold tap would run warm for a while. The reception staff did not appear very friendly. On the plus side the room was clean and the breakfast offered a good selection.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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November 12, 2006
» Sports Feature
The Tigers fell to a depressing 1-9 in what was probably their best chance to earn their first win over a Division I school.
To read a report on the game from the Orlando perspective, go here.
More Sports Feature »
Chris Davis 08/24/2016
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By Chris Shaw
download this issue
click here to see more »


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An antibody against a conserved C-terminal consensus motif from plant alternative oxidase (AOX) isoforms 1 and 2 label plastids in the explosive dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum, Santalaceae) fruit exocarp
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0414-6
- Cite this article as:
- Ross Friedman, C., Ross, B.N. & Martens, G.D. Protoplasma (2013) 250: 317. doi:10.1007/s00709-012-0414-6
- Citations
- 220 Views
Dwarf mistletoes, genus Arceuthobium (Santalaceae), are parasitic angiosperms that spread their seeds by an explosive process. As gentle heating triggers discharge in the lab, we wondered if thermogenesis (endogenous heat production) is associated with dispersal. Thermogenesis occurs in many plants and is enabled by mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) activity. The purpose of this study was to probe Arceuthobium americanum fruit (including seed tissues) collected over a 10-week period with an anti-AOX antibody/gold-labeled secondary antibody to determine if AOX could be localized in situ, and if so, quantitatively assess whether label distribution changed during development; immunochemical results were evaluated with Western blotting. No label could be detected in the mitochondria of any fruit or seed tissue, but was observed in fruit exocarp plastids of samples collected in the last 2 weeks of study; plastids collected in week 10 had significantly more label than week 9 (p = 0.002). Western blotting of whole fruit and mitochondrial proteins revealed a signal at 30–36 kD, suggestive of AOX, while blots of whole fruit (but not mitochondrial fraction) proteins showed a second band at 40–45 kD, in agreement with plastid terminal oxidases (PTOXs). AOX enzymes are likely present in the A. americanum fruit, even though they were not labeled in mitochondria. The results strongly indicate that the anti-AOX antibody was labeling PTOX in plastids, probably at a C-terminal region conserved in both enzymes. PTOX in plastids may be involved in fruit ripening, although a role for PTOX in thermogenesis cannot be eliminated.
KeywordsAlternative oxidase (AOX)Arceuthobium americanumDwarf mistletoeFruitImmunocytochemistryPlastid terminal oxidase (PTOX)
Dwarf mistletoes, genus Arceuthobium (Santalaceae), are parasites of the coniferous families Pinaceae and Cupressaceae, and serious forest pests that reduce the growth, yield, and timber quality of the host trees (Hawksworth and Wiens 1996). Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Englm., the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, parasitizes Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. (lodgepole pine) and Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine), and is a major problem in western North American coniferous forests, causing an annual loss of several billion dollars (Ip 1992).
Arceuthobium seed dispersal occurs almost exclusively by a remarkable explosive process (Hawksworth and Wiens 1996). A mucilaginous fruit tissue called "viscin," essentially a modified mesocarp, imbibes water during fruit development, generating a hydrostatic force that ultimately results in forcible expulsion of the seed at the end of the growing season, which, for A. americanum, is late August to early September (Ross 2006). Hawksworth (1959) as well as Hinds and Hawksworth (1965) were the first to document the discharge process in a laboratory setting, inducing seed ejection by gently heating the seeds from below. The observation that heat can induce discharge leads to an intriguing question: is heat naturally involved in the discharge process? While exogenous heat could possibly be provided by peaks in ambient temperature and/or surface warming of fruit in direct sunlight, perhaps endogenous thermogenesis has a role in explosive seed discharge.
Many plants are thermogenic, possessing the ability to raise their temperature above that of the surrounding air. To date, thermogenesis has been reported in flowers, inflorescences, and cones in several plant families including Araceae (Seymour et al. 2003, 2004; Seymour 2004; Wagner et al. 2008; Kamata et al. 2009), Cycadaceae (Tang 1987), Nelumbonaceae (Seymour and Schultze-Motel 1998; Watling et al. 2006), and Nymphaeaceae (Skubatz et al. 1990). In these plants, heat is generated in the mitochondria as a secondary process of cellular respiration and is enabled by electron transport chain enzymes called "alternative oxidases" (AOXs), which are located in plant mitochondrial cristae.
It is challenging to precisely measure or otherwise gauge the internal temperature of a mature dwarf mistletoe fruit, which with an average diameter of 2 mm, is quite small. Thus, as a first step toward assessing whether or not thermogenesis might be involved in Arceuthobium seed dispersal, we decided we would use an anti-plant AOX antibody in an immunocytochemical study along with Western blot analysis to determine if AOXs are present in the mitochondria (or other organelles) of A. americanum fruit or seed tissues, and if so, establish whether these AOXs become more numerous as explosive discharge becomes imminent. From such circumstantial evidence, we would pursue the question of thermogenesis more vigorously in subsequent research.
In this paper, we report the results of our transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study in which developing and mature A. americanum fruit were probed with an antibody against a C-terminal consensus motif from plant alternative oxidase (AOX) isoforms 1 and 2. We also show the results of our Western blot analyses on fruit proteins as well as proteins from isolated fruit mitochondria.
Materials and methods
Collection and general processing for transmission electron microscopy
Approximately five developing A. americanum fruits were collected once a week for 10 weeks (5 June 2007 to 15 August 2007) from a site containing infected lodgepole pines near Kamloops (Stake Lake, British Columbia, Canada). This 10-week period coincides with the period in which the viscin tissue and seed, particularly the embryo, undergo the bulk of their development (Ross 2006). At this site, about 10 additional fruits collected in the last week (week 10, i.e., 15 August) were set aside, while all remaining fruits were placed in a fixative consisting of 2 % paraformaldehyde and 2 % glutaraldehyde in 0.1 m phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The material was taken immediately to the laboratory: fruits that had been set aside were frozen at −20 °C and later used in Western blotting, while fruit material in fixative was kept at 4 °C overnight, dehydrated in an ethanol series, and embedded in LR White medium grade resin. Ultrathin sections were obtained with a Reichert Ultracut E ultramicrotome (Reichert-Jung, Buffalo, NY, USA) and adhered to the dull side of formvar-coated nickel hex grids. From each fruit, approximately 30 sections were obtained, 10 containing true fruit (maternal) tissues (including the exocarp and viscin), 10 containing embryonic tissues, and 10 containing endosperm tissues; 5 of these sections from each type of tissue were distributed over two grids for further immunolabeling, and 5 sections per tissue type were distributed to two control grids.
Immunogold labeling with anti-AOX antibody
A lyophilized polyclonal antibody, anti-AOX, raised in rabbit against a synthetic peptide derived from a fully conserved C-terminal consensus motif from plant AOX isoforms 1 and 2 including Arabidopsis thaliana AOX1A (At3g22370) and AOX2 (At5g64210), Solanum lycopersicum Q7XBG9, and Oryza sativa Q7XT33 was purchased from Agrisera (Agrisera, Vännäs, Sweden). Immunolabeling with anti-AOX was facilitated by a Leica EM IGL Automated immunogold labeling system (Leica, Richmond Hill, Canada) at the University of British Columbia's BioImaging Facility. All staining was performed at room temperature. Grids containing sectioned tissues were treated with 1 % bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffer, 0.1 m, pH 7.4, for 30 min, and then incubated with 1:50 diluted anti-AOX for 60 min. Sections were rinsed three times in phosphate buffer containing bovine serum albumin (10 min each time), and then incubated with 1:100 diluted 10-nm colloidal gold goat anti-rabbit serum (Pelco International, Redding, USA) for 60 min. Following immunolabeling, grids were routinely stained with 2 % aqueous uranyl acetate for 20 min and counterstained with Sato's lead for contrast. Immunolabeling controls involving omission of the primary antibody were employed. Initial observations of sections were qualitative: the general binding pattern and distribution of gold label in fruit tissues (exocarp and viscin), embryo, and endosperm were noted. The sections were digitally captured with a side mounted 2K AMT camera on a Hitachi model H-7600 TEM (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at an operating voltage of 80 kV, and further subjected to quantification of gold labeling. The tonal qualities of the images were adjusted, labels added, and plates assembled with Adobe Photoshop CS3.
Quantification of gold labeling
Gold labeling in 25 randomly selected electron micrographs from the approximately 25 immunolabeled treatment sections per tissue type obtained each week (average 5 fruit × 5 treatment sections per tissue type) over the 10-week period (5 June through 15 August) was evaluated. Preliminary results were clear and guided the quantification process: essentially no gold label was present in any tissue or organelle except for plastids of the fruit exocarp, and those gold particles in plastids were only evident in samples obtained in the ninth and tenth weeks of the collection period (i.e., week 9 and week 10).
While it was easy to discern that exocarp plastids from week 8 and earlier were devoid of label, quantification and statistical analysis was required to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of label in plastids from fruit collected in week 9 compared with week 10. For each micrograph containing a gold-labeled plastid in median or near median section, the public domain NIH Image software program 1.61 (developed at the US National Institutes of Health and available on the Internet at http://rbs.info.nih.gov/nih-image/) was used to determine the plastid sectional area (density slice) and the total number of gold particles (particle count). From these data, the mean density of gold per unit area (100 × 100 nm or 0.01 μm2) ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was calculated for a set of 25 plastids in week 9 micrographs and a set of 25 in week 10 micrographs. A two-way, pairwise t test was used to compare the mean gold density per unit area in the samples from these 2 weeks (Microsoft Excel).
Total fruit membrane protein isolation, fruit mitochondrial protein isolation, and Western blots
To evaluate any positive immunolabeling observed in tissue sections, Western blots of all fruit membrane proteins as well as proteins from isolated fruit mitochondria were performed. A signal of about 30 to 35 kD would indicate that the primary anti-AOX antibody was likely recognizing an AOX homolog in the dwarf mistletoe, as the reduced protein when run on SDS-PAGE has a molecular mass of approximately 30 to 35 kD; this holds true for AOX from a number of plant species (Umbach and Siedow 1993; Day and Wiskich 1995; Hoefnagel and Wiskich 1998).
In order to carry out a Western blot on all fruit membrane proteins, we employed the method Ross Friedman et al. (2010) used to extract all membrane proteins from dwarf mistletoe fruit, which is in turn a method adapted from Bots et al. (2005). About 10 dwarf mistletoe fruits (30 g) that had been collected in week 10 (15 August) and stored at −80 °C were homogenized in a buffer consisting of a plant protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, Canada), 330 mM sucrose, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM TRIS, 0.05 % MES, and 5 mM DTT (pH 7.5). The homogenate was centrifuged at 1,000×g for 15 min to collect debris, and the supernatant was then centrifuged at 20,000×g for 75 min to pellet all membrane material, including mitochondrial (and plastid) membranes. The membrane pellet was dissolved in membrane buffer containing 330 mM sucrose, 200 mM DTT, and 25 mM TRIS, pH 8.5.
Differential centrifugation and non-linear sucrose ultracentrifugation as described by Antonsson et al. (2001) and Rezaul et al. (2005) were used to isolate mitochondria from dwarf mistletoe fruit in order to perform Western blotting on their mitochondrial proteins in anticipation of identifying an AOX specific to fruit mitochondria. Another 10 dwarf mistletoe fruit (30 g) that had been collected in week 10 (15 August) and stored at −80 °C were homogenized in a buffer containing the plant protease inhibitor cocktail from Sigma-Aldrich, 250 mM sucrose, 10 mM KCl, 20 mM Hepes–NaOH, 1.5 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM DTT (pH 7.5). The lysate was centrifuged at 1,000×g at 4 °C for 10 min. The resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 10,000×g at 4 °C for 25 min. The pellet, which should represent a crude preparation of mitochondria, was resuspended in a buffer containing the protease inhibitors, 250 mM sucrose, and 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.5), and loaded onto a discontinuous sucrose gradient (9 ml 0.9 M sucrose, 10 ml 1.6 M sucrose, and 9 ml of 1.8 M sucrose plus 50 mM Tris–HCl 150 mM NaCl and 1 mM DTT, pH 7.5). After ultracentrifugation at 60,000 g for 20 min at 4 °C, the light-brown mitochondrial band located at the interface between 0.9 and 1.6 M sucrose was collected, washed, and resuspended in buffer containing the protease inhibitors, 20 mM Tris–HCl, and 150 mM NaCl (pH 7.5).
For Western blots of total fruit membrane proteins or those specific to the fruit mitochondrial membranes, protein samples were prepared in the presence of 50 mM ethanedithiol, a reducing agent. A set of standard molecular weight markers ranging from 6 to 205 kD with colors that transfer (Sigma-Aldrich) and 15 μg of dwarf mistletoe fruit proteins (total or mitochondrial) were separated by 12 % SDS-PAGE. The proteins were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane in 39 mM glycine, 48 mM TRIS base, 0.037 % SDS, and 20 % methanol (pH 8.3). For detection, the PVDF membranes was first blocked in blocking buffer (5 % non-fat dried milk in PBT) for 2 h, after which they were incubated for 2 h with the anti-AOX antibody (Agrisera) at 1:500 in blocking buffer. After incubation with the primary antibody, the PVDF membranes were rinsed and incubated with the secondary antibody, antirabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (Sigma-Aldrich) at 1:20,000 in blocking buffer for 1 h. All incubations were performed at room temperature. The PVDF membranes were developed using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) Liquid Substrate (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer's protocol, and digitally captured with a BioRad Gel Doc system (BioRad, Canada). Adobe Photoshop CS3 was used to adjust contrast and brightness of the images, which were converted to grayscale.
Immunogold labeling
Western blots
The anti-AOX antibody failed to label mitochondria in any cells of the exocarp, viscin, embryo, or endosperm in A. americanum fruit collected from 5 June through 15 August 2007. However, the 30–36 kD signal on the two types of Western blots suggests that AOX proteins do exist in the A. americanum fruit, as reduced AOX proteins from other plant species have a molecular mass of approximately 30 to 35 kD when run on SDS-PAGE (Umbach and Siedow 1993; Day and Wiskich 1995; Hoefnagel and Wiskich 1998). Likewise, the presence of a single 30–36 kD band from the mitochondrial protein fraction suggests that the AOX protein is present in fruit mitochondria. Future work can focus on verifying the identity of this band (e.g., depletion of the antiserum by fixed cells, outcompeting of the bands and immunolocalization signal with the peptides, etc.).
It is difficult to determine why the signal could not be detected in A. americanum fruit in situ, although perhaps the C-terminal epitope of the native or oxidized form of a putative AOX in A. americanum cannot be readily accessed by the antibody, which was raised against a fully conserved C-terminal consensus motif from plant AOX isoforms 1 and 2. Andersson and Nordlund (1999) have proposed that plant AOX may be interfacial rather than true transmembrane proteins, and such a conformation might render the C-terminal epitope unavailable. Additionally, the glutaraldehyde fixative in combination with the mitochondrial environment could have possibly impeded binding. Indeed, there are some limitations in this study, primarily due to the use of a polyclonal antiserum raised against a conserved peptide in the immunolocalization process. More immunocytochemical work is needed to potentially detect AOX in mitochondria, perhaps with even older A. americanum fruit in which explosive discharge is actively ongoing, and, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, the identity of the smaller band can be verified by a variety of approaches. The possibility that mitochondrial AOX are involved in thermogenesis and explosive discharge in A. americanum cannot be ruled out.
Anti-AOX antibody labeling of "non-chloroplast" Arceuthobium plastids was unexpected. However, plastids can contain "plastid terminal oxidases" (PTOX), which are plastoquinol oxidases located in thylakoid membranes (Cournac et al. 2000; Shahbazi et al. 2007). The identity between PTOX and AOX polypeptides is approximately 25 % (Josse et al. 2000). Alignments of plant PTOX sequences have revealed that the C-terminal domain contains a conserved motif that matches a putative iron-binding site also conserved in plant AOXs. As the antibody used in this study had been raised against a C-terminal consensus motif from plant AOXs, it is possible that the anti-AOX antibody was localizing a PTOX in A. americanum fruit "non-chloroplast" plastids. The C-terminal epitope of an A. americanum PTOX in plastids might simply be more accessible to the antibody than that of an AOX. The presence of a 40–45-kD signal on the Western blot provides further evidence that the antibody was indeed localizing PTOX in plastids, as reduced PTOX in produce a band of 41 kD in, e.g., red pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Josse et al. 2000). Furthermore, the disappearance of the 40–45 kD band from the mitochondrial fraction suggests that this larger band was indeed in the plastid fraction. It would be useful to perform Western blots on fruit collected earlier and later in the growing season, particularly to determine if the PTOX can be detected on gels when immunocytochemical results are negative. Similarly, if AOX is involved in thermogenesis to trigger explosive discharge, the amount of AOX in tissues should increase considerably, since the expression of AOX during typical fruit development and in non-thermogenic tissues would likely not be adequate to generate heat.
PTOX are proposed to have roles in chlororespiration when found in green chloroplasts, and in carotenoid pigment biosynthesis, particularly when found in chromoplasts (Josse et al. 2000; Carol and Kuntz 2001; Shahbazi et al. 2007). PTOX in chromoplasts become more active throughout fruit maturation in many plants, and the chromoplasts themselves become more numerous during fruit ripening (Josse et al. 2000). Visibly, A. americanum fruits do become slightly more yellow upon ripening, which suggests an increased presence of carotenoids. Moreover, the lack of well-developed thylakoids in the gold-labeled A. americanum plastids coupled with the fact these labeled plastids were only found in the fruit exocarp indicate that the plastids were probably chromoplasts, and that their PTOX activity might be involved with fruit ripening and color change. The significantly higher degree of gold labeling in week 10 plastids compared with week 9 plastids is likely correlated with increased PTOX activity, although more conclusive evidence requires an expression study. Even though chromoplasts have less obvious thlyakoid, thylakoids are still present, as thus could easily contain PTOX.
The potential function of these putative A. americanum PTOX needs further investigation, though. Certainly a role in fruit maturation and ripening through color change cannot be eliminated. However, the phenomenon of a slight color change in fruit that forcibly discharges its seeds is a little perplexing, though, as color change during ripening is thought to be a visual cue for seed dispersers (Van der Pijl 1966). The slight color change in A. americanum fruit might be a vestigial character, perhaps from an ancestor that was animal-dispersed, as endozoochory is not believed to occur in A. americanum (Hawksworth and Wiens 1996). A very interesting question thus arises from this study: could PTOX play a role in thermogenesis? No evidence exists suggesting this is true in any plants, but this question is certainly worth further pursuit, especially as a fruit ripening/color change role for PTOX in A. americanum seems limited.
In conclusion, while an anti-AOX antibody did not label AOX in the mitochondria of developing A. americanum fruit, the antibody did bind to plastids (likely chromoplasts) in the fruit exocarp, and was likely labeling PTOX at its C-terminal region, which shares homology with the C-terminal region of AOX. Western blot analysis strongly indicated that AOX proteins were present in the mitochondria, and that the antibody was likely binding to a plastid-fraction protein, most probably PTOX. The plastid labeling only became evident in fruit collected in the final 2 weeks of our study, suggesting that PTOX units become more numerous as the fruit matures. The function of a putative PTOX in the A. americanum fruit remains obscure, but these enzymes in this species might be involved in a color change related to fruit ripening, and could conceivably have a role analogous to the thermogenic capacity normally attributed to AOX.
This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant [grant number 164375 provided to CRF]. We are very grateful to Ronald G. Smith of Thompson Rivers University for postulating that AOXs might be involved in thermogenesis-driven explosive seed discharge in the dwarf mistletoes. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who helped us improve the quality of the original study.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.


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BlackBerry to raise $605 million from shareholder Fairfax, others
Troubled smartphone maker BlackBerry Ltd said it would raise about $605 million by selling convertible debentures to shareholder Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd and other investors.
SAN FRANCISCO Facebook Inc will add technology to its mobile apps that recognizes the music, movies or television shows its users are enjoying, in the company's latest move to give prominence to media and entertainment on its social network.
The new feature, which must be activated by the user and is off by default, would create a status update on Facebook that identifies the song a user is listening to and provide a 30-second preview of it that's available to the user's friends.
Facebook, which announced the move in a post on its official blog on Wednesday, is working with streaming music services Spotify, Rdio and Deezer to offer the music previews.
If a television show is detected, Facebook would highlight the specific season and episode that the user is watching and share it in their news feed.
The new tool comes as Facebook is increasingly competing with Twitter Inc to become the main online venue where consumers discuss television shows, sports and other entertainment in real time.
The new feature activates the microphone on a smartphone and detects the music, movie or television show playing in the background, similar to the way the popular Shazam app works.
Once users activate the feature, the technology attempts to recognize the music or video playing in the background any time a Facebook user composes a status update.
Facebook said only songs or videos would be identified and the feature, which recognizes "millions" of songs, wouldn't store sounds in the background.
The new feature will be available on the Android and iOS versions of its app in the U.S. in the coming weeks, the company said.
(Reporting by Alexei Oreskovic; Editing by Bernadette Baum)
Troubled smartphone maker BlackBerry Ltd said it would raise about $605 million by selling convertible debentures to shareholder Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd and other investors.
SAN FRANCISCO Apple Inc issued a patch on Thursday to fix a dangerous security flaw in iPhones and iPads after researchers discovered that a prominent United Arab Emirates dissident's phone had been targeted with a previously unknown method of hacking.
Britain's data privacy regulator said on Friday it would monitor how popular messaging service WhatsApp shares data with parent Facebook Inc under a new privacy policy.


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From now through September 31, create an E-card with a photo of your teething baby, and Infants' Tylenol will donate $1 to Operation Smile as part of their "It's A Tooth!" initiative.
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The FDA has (finally) issued a proposed rule that will require makers of antibacterial soaps and body washes to prove that their products are safe for long-term use. The active ingredients (triclosan and triclocarban) have been linked to health risks such as hormone disruption. BTW, those ingredients are in a lot of hand sanitizers, too, which aren't covered by this rule.
on 12.18.2013
Remember every precious from Memorial through Labor Day with Chatbooks' Summer 2016 Highlights Book, a design collab with the Novogratzes. Books start at $8, available at chatbooks.com.
Based in Long Beach, Calif., Youth Independent Party is a new line of American made, environmentally-conscious basics for kids ages 1-10. Nothing's over $25, either. Available at yipkids.com.
Vans' new unicorn slip-ons come in toddler sizes 4-10, and pretty much speak for themselves. Amazing. $35, available at vans.com.
Limited quantities of Oeuf's new 70s-inspired fall collection—think rainbows, unicorns, and baby bell bottoms—are currently available online (with free shipping, to boot). $156 for the unicorn hoodie. Available at oeufnyc.com.
The new Kinsa Sesame Street Smart Ear Thermometer offers a quick one-touch reading, and connects to an app that lets parents input symptoms for a diagnosis. Elmo even offers words of empathy. $59.99, available at kinsahealth.com.
Sized especially for toddlers 1-4, Zip & Zoe mini backpacks from Babymel feature padded straps, a roomy main compartment, and an optional harness. They come with a cute musical tag, too. $22.95, available now for preorder (delivery at end of … Continued…
Jordan Sondler's Taxis removable wallpaper for Chasing Paper comes in green, blue, or white. Pair it with a skyscraper growth chart for the ultimate urban kids room. $40-60, available at chasingpaper.com.
Use the SoundBub to soothe your babe with white noise, or their fave tunes from any Bluetooth-enabled device. It hooks easily onto the stroller or car seat, and is made of chew-safe materials. $59.99, available at wavhello.com.
The new Sparkle collection from Just Born includes a gorg duo of baby shower-ready muslin swaddles. $29.99, available at buybuybaby.com.


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Mickelson confident, at least on links
HOYLAKE, England – Phil Mickelson rolled long putts across the practice green in front of the Royal Liverpool clubhouse, some of them going in, most of them the right distance. He chirped to the caddie of Brandt Snedeker about their money game, a Mickelson tradition at the majors.
Lefty was in good spirits Monday at the British Open, except for having to return the claret jug.
Even that allowed him to reflect on a year of keeping golf's oldest trophy, and the confidence he finally has when he plays links golf.
"It's a different feeling for me coming over here now having won this tournament," Mickelson said. "The way I felt was, 'Am I ever going to break through and play well on links golf and win an Open Championship?' Now I know that I can. I know that I've done it, and it takes a lot of pressure off me."
Confidence in links golf? Yes.
In his game? That takes a little more work.
Not even Mickelson would have imagined when he left Muirfield last summer that he would not have won another tournament anywhere in the world. This is the longest he has gone without winning in five years.
And except for the Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship in January, where he was runner-up, Mickelson hasn't been particularly close.
He has missed three cuts. He withdrew twice after narrowly making the cut because of injuries in San Diego and San Antonio. At the Masters, where he is a three-time champion, Mickelson missed the cut for the first time in 17 years. His lone top 10 on the PGA Tour was last August at The Barclays, a tie for sixth when he closed with a 65.
So why the smile?
"Normally, I would be discouraged or frustrated, but I'm just not," Mickelson said. "I feel like I've had some good breakthroughs in some areas. I haven't had the results. I know I haven't played well. But the parts feel a lot better than the whole right now. And I don't know when it will all click together. I don't know if it will be this week. I don't know if it will be in three weeks or a month or what, but it should be soon."
He's running out of time.
Mickelson is No. 12 in the Ryder Cup standings. He has qualified for every team since 1995 — two years after Jordan Spieth was born. He has reached the FedEx Cup finale for the top 30 at the Tour Championship every year since it began in 2007. With only three starts before the playoffs begin, Mickelson is at No. 97.
Then again, it's easy for Mickelson not to be overly concerned.
He is 44 and has been on tour for half of his life, compiling 42 victories on the PGA Tour and five majors, including that claret jug.
It's at least been a good year for the jug.
He has taken it to golf clubs and corporate outings, shared it with friends and people he had never met. He has let his caddie, Jim Mackay, take it to pose for pictures.
Mickelson had only one rule.
"One of the things I stressed is that we have to treat the claret jug with reverence and respect that it deserves, and only put good stuff in it," he said. "No bad stuff was allowed. And each person that I brought it to had a different definition of what the good stuff was."
One definition was a bottle of 1990 Romanee Conti, which can range in price from $16,000 to about $35,000.
"Now, I didn't know what this was when I drank it," Mickelson said. "I just knew that it was really good. And that was the best bottle that was ever put in there."
Like fine wine, Mickelson can only hope he gets better with age.
Even though he had to overcome arthritis in the middle of the 2010 season, and only eight players older than he is right now have won majors, Mickelson doesn't see that as an obstacle. Sure, he has to work a little harder, train a little better, stretch a little more.
"But I feel better than I have in a long time," he said.
Padraig Harrington is the last player to repeat as Open champion. Tiger Woods repeated at Royal Liverpool in 2006. Tom Watson won back-to-back some 30 years ago. Winning majors is difficult enough. Winning the same one two years in a row is even harder.
Monday was the first full day of practice for most players, while some took the day off. Woods didn't show up at the course after practicing both days on the weekend. Some players from the Scottish Open weren't at Hoylake. Others, like Spieth, arrived Monday morning on a charter from the John Deere Classic and went on to play.
Mickelson closed with a 65 at Royal Aberdeen to tie for 11th in the Scottish Open. He won the Scottish Open a year ago, and says the lag putting into a crossing wind, along with seeing the ball react on links courses is a big benefit.
Plus, he's never been so enthusiastic about golf's oldest championship, mainly because his name is on the trophy.
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Saturday's Best Deals: TriggerPoint Foot Massager, Grill Gauge, Keypad Deadbolt
TriggerPoint's foot massager, Kwikset keypad locks, and the Original Grill Gauge lead off Saturday's best deals.
TriggerPoint's foot massager, Kwikset keypad locks, and the Original Grill Gauge lead off Saturday's best deals.
On a typical day, Amazon will run highly discounted Gold Box deals on a handful of diverse and unrelated products. But today, for whatever reason, they're all about cleaning supplies.
Get the power, versatility, and customer service of Dyson for $200 today with this refurb Dyson V6 deal, today only in Amazon's Gold Box.
Odds are, you've got a $20 Crock-Pot sitting in a cabinet, gathering dust. But with just a few added features, the humble slow cooker can be one of your favorite kitchen tools, and one of the best models on the market is on sale in today's Amazon Gold Box.
Another day, another J.Crew Factory markdown. This time, get an extra 35% off basically everything full-price (the only exclusions are women's and men's denim jeans, women's blazers, leather items, and men's suiting), an extra 50% off clearance styles, plus free shipping when you use the code SALESOSERIOUS.
Nose hair is a problem a lot of people have but, for some reason, few people take care of. For a limited time, score this Panasonic nose hair trimmer for just $10, and you can be one of those people doing something about it. Harambe didn't die so you could look like The Missing Link.
Today only, Amazon is giving you up to 50% off PUMA shoes and clothing. Bringing prices well below $45 (which is less than a pair of PUMA sneakers to begin with), get everything from new sweatpants, to running shoes, to Italia jerseys. No
soccer football pitch needed. Just know that since it's a Gold Box, this deal's…
Before you go out and flush $30 down the drain on a Yeti Rambler, check out this RTIC alternative for just $12 on Amazon today. It uses the same vacuum-insulated stainless steel construction, and according to this YouTube video at least, actually keeps ice frozen for longer. No-brainer.
Smartwool beat out some stiff competition to become your favorite men's everyday sock in last week's Co-Op. And right now, if you spend $75, you'll get $20 promo code via email for your next Smartwool purchase (which we all know you'll make, because Smartwool is fantastic).
You probably didn't wake up today planning to buy a laminator. I doubt you have a stack of papers sitting on your desk waiting to be laminated. But even so, I'm here to tell you that today's the day you should buy a laminator.
If you've tried an unamplified HDTV antenna (like the standard Mohu Leaf), but can't quite pull in every channel you want, this leaf-style model includes a USB-powered amp that should add a few miles of range. Promo code 74R4FQ39 brings it down to just $15, which is one of the best prices we've ever seen on an…
As long as you don't mind buying a certified refurb, this 29" VIZIO sound bar is fantastic value at $53.
PC components, Sony Bluetooth headphones, and a fan as quiet as a library lead off Thursday's best deals.
Boat shoes and loafers and moccasins, oh my! (Sorry) Sperry is marking down all their sale styles an extra 30% off when you use the code TOOHOT. Best get on that now, because it's only a one day flash sale, which means those Top Siders won't be around forever.
Update: Now matched at Amazon.
A filter-free vacuum, a life-changing alarm clock, and a $20 fitness band lead off Wednesday's best deals.
If you've tried an unamplified HDTV antenna (like the standard Mohu Leaf), but can't quite pull in every channel you want, this 1byone leaf-style model includes a USB-powered amp that should add a few miles of range. Just note that this is a Gold Box deal, meaning it's only available for $22 today, or until sold out.
Uniqlo's AIRism is one of those lines that people continue to go back to. The boxer briefs always sell out quickly when there's a sale, and even your favorite undershirt is part of the AIRism line. And right now, Uniqlo is marking down select AIRism products for under $10. Grab new underwear for only $6 or a new tank…
When it comes to smartphone dash mounts, magnetic solutions have dominated the sales charts over the last year or so. But if you don't want to obstruct a vent, or use a case with your phone, a these deals might bring you back into the suction cup camp.
Amazon is having a sale on a crazy amount of luggage, backpacks and more for the whole family, including your top pick for the best carry-on luggage: The TravelPro Maxlight3 (The International Carry-On is somehow marked down to only $50). So, if you've been using that duffel bag since college and you have a flight to…


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Dear Lord help me to be open to you
for this time as I put aside the cares of this world.
Fill my thoughts with your peace, your love.
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Dear Lord help me to be open to you
for this time as I put aside the cares of this world.
Fill my thoughts with your peace, your love.
Lord, you granted me the great gift of freedom.
In these times, O Lord, grant that I may be free
From any form of racism or intolerance.
Remind me, Lord, that we are all equal
in your Loving eyes.
In the presence of my loving Creator,
I look honestly at my feelings over the last day,
the highs, the lows and the level ground.
Can I see where the Lord has been present?
Now as they went on their way, Jesus entered a certain village, where a woman named Martha welcomed him into her home. She had a sister named Mary, who sat at the Lord's feet and listened to what he was saying. But Martha was distracted by her many tasks; so she came to him and asked, "Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to do all the work by myself? Tell her then to help me." But the Lord answered her, "Martha, Martha, you are worried and distracted by many things; there is need of only one thing. Mary has chosen the better part, which will not be taken away from her."
Conversation requires talking and listening.
As I talk to Jesus may I also learn to be still and listen.
I picture the gentleness in His eyes
and the smile full of love as he gazes on me.
I can be totally honest with Jesus as I tell Him of my worries and my cares.
I will open up my heart to Him as I tell Him of my fears and my doubts.
I will ask Him to help me to place myself fully in His care,
to abandon myself to Him,
knowing that He always wants what is best for me.
I thank God for these few moments we have spent alone together and for any insights I may have been given concerning the text.
If you appreciated the daily prayer or have any suggestions or insights we will be glad to hear from you.


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Whoo hooooo and Thank Youuuu
Nov 27, 2006
Hey Doc, This is GK from Mumbai, India. Just tested NEGETIVE for HIV 1&2(Elisa),a year and a half since last possible exposure. Like most of the Worried wells, I had turned the Net upside down for symptoms and believed I had almost a dozen of them. I also started imagining that my wife had a lot of these symptoms too. I guess I can put the fears to rest and would like to say the elusive words with you kind permission(which i thought I'd never utter): Whooohoooo! Thanks for being there and God Bless. I have made a begining by advocating Safe(Safer?) Sex to people around here in our country which is sitting on a Ticking Bomb of HIV.
Even if you do not publish this on your site, kindly accept my best wishes, Lots of love and a big Hug,
Your Fan in India. GK
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello GK,
WOO-HOO and congratulations.
Thank you for helping to promote HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention in Mumbai!
Be well. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
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Ethnic Choir Female Christmas Ornament
Personalized Christmas Ornament
Dimensions: 1 1/2" x 4"
Material: Resin
Her voice can only be described as a gift from God and her favorite singing is Gospel music because she really feels the passion of the music down to her bones. Singing in the chorus has given her the experience of performing on the stage and this personalized singer ornament will be a Christmas gift she will treasure. This personalized African American choir singer ornament or personalized African American chorus ornament is a great gift for a girl or woman who sings in the church choir, school chorus or for a choral director with an angelic voice and wonderful teaching skills.
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11/29/2015 - "Very pleased with selection. Linda A."
7/5/2016 - "I just want to say I am very satisfied with the quality and accuracy of the ornaments. I particularly like the increasing selection so that each year I can choose something appropriate for each grandchild in that particular year. I would definitely recommend your site. Marsha R."
3/8/2016 - "I am very pleased with my purchase. I had it personalized and it came out great. This isn't the first time I've ordered from you and was happy with everything I ordered. I will continue to be a loyal customer plus I will tell my friends about your website.Dawn I"
11/18/2015 - "First time my mom and I saw this catalog - we combined an order and I placed it since she doesn't use the computer. Great Ornaments and the website was very user friendly to order from. I had the order placed in about 5 minutes, very simple. I will definately go back to this catalog to order in the future, I signed up for year round emails. Colleen M."
12/13/2015 - "Really amazing. Love all of your selections! Kaley C."